C \C\ (s[=e])
1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from
the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the
sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the
latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the
Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C
was the same letter as the Greek [Gamma], [gamma], and
came from the Greek alphabet. The Greeks got it from the
Ph[oe]nicians. The English name of C is from the Latin
name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French.
Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other
sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L.
acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eager, vinegar; L.
cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare,
OF. cerchier, E. search.
Note: See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 221-228.
2. (Mus.)
(a) The keynote of the normal or ``natural'' scale, which
has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also,
the third note of the relative minor scale of the
same.
(b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which
each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or
crotchets); for alla breve time it is written ?.
(c) The ``C clef,'' a modification of the letter C, placed
on any line of the staff, shows that line to be middle
C.
3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for
200, etc.
{C spring}, a spring in the form of the letter C.
Caaba \Ca*a"ba\ (k[.a]*[=a]"b[.a]), n. [Ar. ka'bah, lit., a
square building, fr. ka'b cube.]
The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all
Mohammedans must pray. [Written also {kaaba}.]
Note: The Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of Arabia, and
contains a famous black stone said to have been brought
from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the Caaba was
an idolatrous temple, but it has since been the chief
sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan
world.
Caas \Caas\ (k[aum]s), n. sing. & pl.
Case. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cab \Cab\ (k[a^]b), n. [Abbrev. fr. cabriolet.]
1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually
a public vehicle. ``A cab came clattering up.''
--Thackeray.
Note: A cab may have two seats at right angles to the
driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel
to the driver's, with the entrance from the side or
front.
{Hansom cab}. See {Hansom}.
2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer
has his station. --Knight.
Cab \Cab\ (k[a^]b), n. [Heb. qab, fr. q[=a]bab to hollow.]
A Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37)
pints. --W. H. Ward. --2 Kings vi. 25.
Cabal \Ca*bal"\ (k[.a]*b[a^]l"), n. [F. cabale cabal, cabala,
LL. cabala cabala, fr. Heb. qabb[=a]l[=e]h reception,
tradition, mysterious doctrine, fr. q[=a]bal to take or
receive, in Pi["e]l qibbel to adopt (a doctrine).]
1. Tradition; occult doctrine. See {Cabala} [Obs.]
--Hakewill.
2. A secret. [Obs.] ``The measuring of the temple, a cabal
found out but lately.'' --B. Jonson.
3. A number of persons united in some close design, usually
to promote their private views and interests in church or
state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few
designing persons; a junto.
Note: It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671
the cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial
letters of whose names made up the word cabal;
Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and
Lauderdale. --Macaulay.
4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few persons
united in a close design; intrigue.
By cursed cabals of women. --Dryden.
Syn: Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy.
Usage: {Cabal}, {Combination}, {Faction}. An association for
some purpose considered to be bad is the idea common
to these terms. A combination is an organized union of
individuals for mutual support, in urging their
demands or resisting the claims of others, and may be
good or bad according to circumstances; as, a
combiniation of workmen or of employers to effect or
to prevent a change in prices. A cabal is a secret
association of a few individuals who seek by cunning
practices to obtain office and power. A faction is a
larger body than a cabal, employed for selfish
purposes in agitating the community and working up an
excitement with a view to change the existing order of
things. ``Selfishness, insubordination, and laxity of
morals give rise to combinations, which belong
particularly to the lower orders of society. Restless,
jealous, ambitious, and little minds are ever forming
cabals. Factions belong especially to free
governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent
spirits for selfish purposes''. --Crabb.
Cabal \Ca*bal"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Caballed} (-b[a^]ld"); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Caballing}]. [Cf. F. cabaler.]
To unite in a small party to promote private views and
interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot.
Caballing still against it with the great. --Dryden.
Cabala \Cab"a*la\ (k[a^]b"[.a]*l[.a]), n. [LL. See {Cabal}, n.]
1. A kind of occult theosophy or traditional interpretation
of the Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain
medi[ae]val Christians, which treats of the nature of god
and the mystery of human existence. It assumes that every
letter, word, number, and accent of Scripture contains a
hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of interpretation
for ascertaining these occult meanings. The cabalists
pretend even to foretell events by this means.
2. Secret science in general; mystic art; mystery.
Cabalism \Cab"a*lism\ (k[a^]b"[.a]*l[i^]z'm), n. [Cf. F.
cabalisme.]
1. The secret science of the cabalists.
2. A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the religion
which one professes. [R] --Emerson.
Cabalist \Cab"a*list\ (-l[i^]st), n. [Cf. F. cabaliste.]
One versed in the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish
traditions. ``Studious cabalists.'' --Swift.
Cabalistic \Cab`a*lis"tic\ (k[a^]b`[.a]*l[i^]s"t[i^]k),
Cabalistical \Cab`a*lis"tic*al\ (-t[i^]*kal)a.
Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an
occult meaning; mystic.
The Heptarchus is a cabalistic exposition of the first
chapter of Genesis. --Hallam.
Cabalistically \Cab`a*lis"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In a cabalistic manner.
Cabalize \Cab"a*lize\, v. i. [Cf. F. cabaliser.]
To use cabalistic language. [R] --Dr. H. More.
Caballer \Ca*bal"ler\ (k[.a]*b[a^]l"l[~e]r), n.
One who cabals.
A close caballer and tongue-valiant lord. --Dryden.
Caballine \Cab"al*line\ (k[a^]b"al*l[imac]n), a. [L. caballinus,
fr. caballus a nag. Cf. {Cavalier}.]
Of or pertaining to a horse. -- n. Caballine aloes.
{Caballine aloes}, an inferior and impure kind of aloes
formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called also
{horse aloes}.
{Caballine spring}, the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount
Helicon; -- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from
the foot of the winged horse Pegasus.
Cabaret \Cab"a*ret\ (k[a^]b"[.a]*r[e^]t; 277), n. [F.]
A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed. [Obs. as an
English word.]
Cabas \Ca*bas"\ (k[.a]*b[aum]"), n. [F.]
A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; hence, a lady's flat
workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written {caba}.
--C. Bront['e].
Cabassou \Ca*bas"sou\ (k[.a]*b[a^]s"s[=oo]), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A species of armadillo of the genus {Xenurus} ({X.
unicinctus} and {X. hispidus}); the tatouay. [Written also
{kabassou}.]
Cabbage \Cab"bage\ (k[a^]b"b[asl]j), n. [OE. cabage, fr. F.
cabus headed (of cabbages), chou cabus headed cabbage,
cabbage head; cf. It. capuccio a little head, cappuccio cowl,
hood, cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or fr. It. cappa
cape. See {Chief}, {Cape}.] (Bot.)
1. An esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the
wild {Brassica oleracea} of Europe. The common cabbage has
a compact head of leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels
sprouts, etc., are sometimes classed as cabbages.
2. The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used, like,
cabbage, for food. See {Cabbage tree}, below.
3. The cabbage palmetto. See below.
{Cabbage aphis} (Zo["o]l.), a green plant-louse ({Aphis
brassic[ae]}) which lives upon the leaves of the cabbage.
{Cabbage beetle} (Zo["o]l.), a small, striped flea-beetle
({Phyllotreta vittata}) which lives, in the larval state,
on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage
and other cruciferous plants.
{Cabbage butterfly} (Zo["o]l.), a white butterfly ({Pieris
rap[ae]} of both Europe and America, and the allied {P.
oleracea}, a native American species) which, in the larval
state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the turnip.
See {Cabbage worm}, below.
{Cabbage fly} (Zo["o]l.), a small two-winged fly ({Anthomyia
brassic[ae]}), which feeds, in the larval or maggot state,
on the roots of the cabbage, often doing much damage to
the crop.
{Cabbage head}, the compact head formed by the leaves of a
cabbage; -- contemptuously or humorously, and
colloquially, a very stupid and silly person; a numskull.
{Cabbage palmetto}, a species of palm tree ({Sabal Palmetto})
found along the coast from North Carolina to Florida.
{Cabbage rose} (Bot.), a species of rose ({Rosa centifolia})
having large and heavy blossoms.
{Cabbage tree}, {Cabbage palm}, a name given to palms having
a terminal bud called a cabbage, as the {Sabal Palmetto}
of the United States, and the {Euterpe oleracea} and
{Oreodoxa oleracea} of the West Indies.
{Cabbage worm} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of several species of
moths and butterflies, which attacks cabbages. The most
common is usually the larva of a white butterfly. See
{Cabbage butterfly}, above. The cabbage cutworms, which
eat off the stalks of young plants during the night, are
the larv[ae] of several species of moths, of the genus
{Agrotis}. See {Cutworm}.
{Sea cabbage}.(Bot.)
(a) Sea kale
(b) . The original Plant ({Brassica oleracea}), from which
the cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc., have been
derived by cultivation.
{Thousand-headed cabbage}. See {Brussels sprouts}.
Cabbage \Cab"bage\, v. i.
To form a head like that the cabbage; as, to make lettuce
cabbage. --Johnson.
Cabbage \Cab"bage\, v. i. [imp. & p. p {Cabbaged} (-b[asl]jd);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Cabbaging} (-b[asl]*j[i^]ng).] [F. cabasser,
fr. OF. cabas theft; cf. F. cabas basket, and OF. cabuser to
cheat.]
To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth remaining
after cutting out a garment; to pilfer.
Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of cloth.
--Arbuthnot.
Cabbage \Cab"bage\, n.
Cloth or clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts out
garments.
Cabbler \Cab"bler\ (k[a^]b"bl[~e]r), n.
One who works at cabbling.
Cabbling \Cab"bling\ (-bl[i^]ng), n. (Metal.)
The process of breaking up the flat masses into which wrought
iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be
reheated and wrought into bar iron.
Cabeca \Ca*be"[,c]a\ (k[.a]*b[asl]"s[.a]), Cabesse \Ca*besse"\
(k[.a]*b[e^]s"), n. [Pg. cabe[,c]a, F. cabesse.]
The finest kind of silk received from India.
Caber \Ca"ber\ (k[=a]"b[~e]r), n. [Gael]
A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial
of strength.
Cabezon \Cab`e*zon"\ (k[a^]b`[asl]*z[o^]n" or
k[aum]*b[asl]*th[-o]n"), n. [Sp., properly, big head. Cf.
{Cavesson}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A California fish ({Hemilepidotus spinosus}), allied to the
sculpin.
Cabiai \Cab"i*ai\ (k[a^]b"[i^]*[imac]), n. [Native South
American name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The capybara. See {Capybara}.
Cabin \Cab"in\ (k[a^]b"[i^]n), n. [OF. caban, fr. W. caban
booth, cabin, dim. of cab cot, tent; or fr. F. cabane,
cabine, LL. cabanna, perh. from the Celtic.]
1. A cottage or small house; a hut. --Swift.
A hunting cabin in the west. --E. Everett.
2. A small room; an inclosed place.
So long in secret cabin there he held Her captive.
--Spenser.
3. A room in ship for officers or passengers.
{Cabin boy}, a boy whose duty is to wait on the officers and
passengers in the cabin of a ship.
Cabin \Cab"in\ v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cabined} (-[i^]nd); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cabining}.]
To live in, or as in, a cabin; to lodge.
I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave. --Shak.
Cabin \Cab"in\, v. t.
To confine in, or as in, a cabin.
I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy
doubts and fears. --Shak.
Cabinet \Cab"i*net\ (k[a^]b"[i^]*n[e^]t), n. [F., dim. of cabine
or cabane. See {Cabin}, n.]
1. A hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.]
Hearken a while from thy green cabinet, The rural
song of careful Colinet. --Spenser.
2. A small room, or retired apartment; a closet.
3. A private room in which consultations are held.
Philip passed some hours every day in his father's
cabinet. --Prescott.
4. The advisory council of the chief executive officer of a
nation; a cabinet council.
Note: In England, the cabinet or cabinet council consists of
those privy councilors who actually transact the
immediate business of the government. --Mozley & W. --
In the United States, the cabinet is composed of the
heads of the executive departments of the government,
namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of
War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture,
the Postmaster-general, and the Attorney-general.
5.
(a) A set of drawers or a cupboard intended to contain
articles of value. Hence:
(b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an
['e]tag[`e]re or closed with doors. See
{['E]tag[`e]re}.
6. Any building or room set apart for the safe keeping and
exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the collection
itself.
{Cabinet council}.
(a) Same as {Cabinet}, n., 4 (of which body it was
formerly the full title).
(b) A meeting of the cabinet.
{Cabinet councilor}, a member of a cabinet council.
{Cabinet photograph}, a photograph of a size smaller than an
imperial, though larger than a {carte de visite}.
{Cabinet picture}, a small and generally highly finished
picture, suitable for a small room and for close
inspection.
Cabinet \Cab"i*net\, a.
Suitable for a cabinet; small.
He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet edition of
Goethe. --For. Quar.
Rev.
Cabinet \Cab"i*net\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cabineting}.]
To inclose [R.] --Hewyt.
Cabinetmaker \Cab"i*net*mak`er\ (-m[=a]k`[~e]r), n.
One whose occupation is to make cabinets or other choice
articles of household furniture, as tables, bedsteads,
bureaus, etc.
Cabinetmaking \Cab"i*net*mak`ing\, n.
The art or occupation of making the finer articles of
household furniture.
Cabinetwork \Cab"i*net*work`\ (-w[^u]rk`), n.
The art or occupation of working upon wooden furniture
requiring nice workmanship; also, such furniture.
Cabirean \Cab`i*re"an\ (k[a^]b`[i^]*r[=e]"an), n.
One of the Cabiri.
Cabbiri \Cab*bi"ri\ (k[.a]*b[imac]"r[imac]), n. pl. [ NL., fr.
Gr. Ka`beiroi.] (Myth.)
Certain deities originally worshiped with mystical rites by
the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and afterwards
throughout Greece; -- also called sons of Heph[ae]stus (or
Vulcan), as being masters of the art of working metals.
[Written also {Cabeiri}.] --Liddell & Scott.
Cabirian \Ca*bir"i*an\ (k[.a]*b[i^]r"[i^]*an), a.
Same as {Cabiric}.
Cabiric \Ca*bir"ic\ (k[.a]*b[i^]r"[i^]k), a. [Cf. F. Cabirique]
Of or pertaining to the Cabiri, or to their mystical worship.
[Written also {Cabiritic}.]
Cable \Ca"ble\ (k[=a]"b'l), n. [F. c[^a]ble, LL. capulum,
caplum, a rope, fr. L. capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G.
kabel, from the French. See {Capable}.]
1. A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length,
used to retain a vessel at anchor, and for other purposes.
It is made of hemp, of steel wire, or of iron links.
2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually covered with
some protecting or insulating substance; as, the cable of
a suspension bridge; a telegraphic cable.
3. (Arch) A molding, shaft of a column, or any other member
of convex, rounded section, made to resemble the spiral
twist of a rope; -- called also {cable molding}.
{Bower cable}, the cable belonging to the bower anchor.
{Cable road}, a railway on which the cars are moved by a
continuously running endless rope operated by a stationary
motor.
{Cable's length}, the length of a ship's cable. Cables in the
merchant service vary in length from 100 to 140 fathoms or
more; but as a maritime measure, a cable's length is
either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or about 100 fathoms (600
feet, an approximation to one tenth of a nautical mile).
{Cable tier}.
(a) That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed.
(b) A coil of a cable.
{Sheet cable}, the cable belonging to the sheet anchor.
{Stream cable}, a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower
cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and
heavy seas.
{Submarine cable}. See {Telegraph}.
{To pay out the cable}, {To veer out the cable}, to slacken
it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run
out of the hawse hole.
{To serve the cable}, to bind it round with ropes, canvas,
etc., to prevent its being, worn or galled in the hawse,
et.
{To slip the cable}, to let go the end on board and let it
all run out and go overboard, as when there is not time to
weigh anchor. Hence, in sailor's use, to die.
Cable \Ca"ble\ (k[=a]"b'l), v. t.
1. To fasten with a cable.
2. (Arch.) To ornament with cabling. See {Cabling}.
Cable \Ca"ble\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Cabled} (-b'ld); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cabling} (-bl[o^]ng).]
To telegraph by a submarine cable [Recent]
Cabled \Ca"bled\ (-b'ld), a.
1. Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or rope. ``The
cabled stone.'' --Dyer.
2. (Arch.) Adorned with cabling.
Cablegram \Ca"ble*gram`\ (k[=a]"b'l*gr[a^]m`), n. [Cable, n. +
Gr. gra`mma a writing, a letter.]
A message sent by a submarine telegraphic cable.
Note: [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the newspapers.]
Cablelaid \Ca"ble*laid`\ (-l[=a]d`), a.
1. (Naut.) Composed of three three-stranded ropes, or
hawsers, twisted together to form a cable.
2. Twisted after the manner of a cable; as, a cable-laid gold
chain. --Simmonds.
Cablet \Ca"blet\, n. [Dim. of cable; cf. F. c[^a]blot.]
A little cable less than ten inches in circumference.
Cabling \Ca"bling\, n. (Arch.)
The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a pilaster
with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid in the
hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to about
one third of the height of the shaft.
Cabman \Cab"man\, n.; pl. {Cabmen}.
The driver of a cab.
Cabob \Ca*bob"\, n. [Hindi kab[=a]b]
1. A small piece of mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer;
-- so called in Turkey and Persia.
2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white herrings and
sweet herbs. --Wright.
Cabob \Ca*bob"\, v. t.
To roast, as a cabob. --Sir. T. Herbert.
Caboched \Ca*boched"\, a. [F. caboche head. Cf. lst {Cabbage}.]
(Her.)
Showing the full face, but nothing of the neck; -- said of
the head of a beast in armorial bearing. [Written also
{caboshed}.]
Caboodle \Ca*boo"dle\, n.
The whole collection; the entire quantity or number; --
usually in the phrase the whole caboodle. [Slang, U.S.]
--Bartlett.
Caboose \Ca*boose"\ (k[.a]*b[=oo]s"), n. [Cf. D. kabuis,
kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw. kabysa, G. kabuse a little room or
hut. The First part of the word seems to be allied to W. cab
cabin, booth. Cf. {Cabin}.] [Written also {camboose}.]
1. (Naut.) A house on deck, where the cooking is done; --
commonly called the {galley}.
2. (Railroad) A car used on freight or construction trains
for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool car. [U. S.]
Cabotage \Cab"o*tage\, n. [F. cabotage, fr. caboter to sail
along the coast; cf. Sp. cabo cape.] (Naut.)
Navigation along the coast; the details of coast pilotage.
Cabr'ee \Ca*br['e]e"\, n. [French Canadian.] (Zo["o]l.)
The pronghorn antelope. [Also written {cabrit}, {cabret}.]
Cabrerite \Ca*brer"ite\, n. (Min.)
An apple-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of nickel,
cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the Sierra Cabrera,
Spain.
Cabrilla \Ca*bril"la\, n. [Sp., prawn.] (Zo["o]l)
A name applied to various species of edible fishes of the
genus {Serranus}, and related genera, inhabiting the
Meditarranean, the coast of California, etc. In California,
some of them are also called {rock bass} and {kelp salmon}.
Cabriole \Cab"ri*ole\, n. [F. See {Cabriolet}, and cf.
{Capriole}.] (Man.)
A curvet; a leap. See {Capriole}.
The cabrioles which his charger exhibited. --Sir W.
Scott.
Cabriolet \Cab`ri*o*let"\, n.[F., dim. of cabriole a leap,
caper, from It. capriola, fr. dim. of L. caper he-goat, capra
she-goat. This carriage is so called from its skipping
lightness. Cf. {Cab}, {Caper} a leap.]
A one-horse carriage with two seats and a calash top.
Cabrit \Ca*brit"\, n.
Same as {Cabr['e]e}.
Caburn \Cab"urn\, n. [Cf. {Cable}, n.] (Naut.)
A small line made of spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize
tackles, etc.
Cacaemia \Ca*c[ae]"mi*a\, Cachaemia \Ca*ch[ae]"mi*a\n. [NL., fr.
Gr. ????? bad+ ???? blood.] (Med.)
A degenerated or poisoned condition of the blood.
Cacaine \Ca*ca"ine\, n. (Chem.)
The essential principle of cacao; -- now called
{theobromine}.
Cacajao \Ca*ca*j[~a]o"\, n. [Pg.] (Zo["o]l)
A South American short-tailed monkey ({Pithecia (or
Brachyurus) melanocephala)}. [Written also {cacajo}.]
Cacao \Ca*ca"o\, n. [Sp., fr. Mex. kakahuatl. Cf. {Cocoa},
{Chocolate}] (Bot.)
A small evergreen tree ({Theobroma Cacao}) of South America
and the West Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp,
inclosing seeds about the size of an almond, from which
cocoa, chocolate, and broma are prepared.
Cachalot \Cach"a*lot\, n. [F. cachalot.] (Zo["o]l.)
The sperm whale ({Physeter macrocephalus}). It has in the top
of its head a large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which,
after death, concretes into a whitish crystalline substance
called spermaceti. See {Sperm whale}.
Cache \Cache\, n. [F., a hiding place, fr. cacher to conceal, to
hide.]
A hole in the ground, or hiding place, for concealing and
preserving provisions which it is inconvenient to carry.
--Kane.
Cachectic \Ca*chec"tic\, Cachectical \Ca*chec"tic*al\, a. [L.
cachecticus, Gr. ?????????: cf. F. cachectique.]
Having, or pertaining to, cachexia; as, cachectic remedies;
cachectical blood. --Arbuthnot.
Cachepot \Cache`pot"\ (k[.a]sh`p[-o]"), n. [F., fr. cacher to
hide + pot a pot.]
An ornamental casing for a flowerpot, of porcelain, metal,
paper, etc.
Cachet \Cach"et\, n. [F. fr. cacher to hide.]
A seal, as of a letter.
{Lettre de cachet} [F.], a sealed letter, especially a letter
or missive emanating from the sovereign; -- much used in
France before the Revolution as an arbitrary order of
imprisonment.
Cachexia \Ca*chex"i*a\, Cachexy \Ca*chex"y\, n. [L. cachexia,
Gr. kachexi`a; kako`s bad + "e`xis condition.]
A condition of ill health and impairment of nutrition due to
impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused by a specific
morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).
Cachinnation \Cach`in*na"tion\ (k[a^]k`[i^]n*n[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
[L. cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh aloud, cf. Gr.
kacha`zein.]
Loud or immoderate laughter; -- often a symptom of hysterical
or maniacal affections.
Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual
cachinnation. --Sir W.
Scott.
Cachinnatory \Ca*chin"na*to*ry\, a.
Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate laughter.
Cachinnatory buzzes of approval. --Carlyle.
Cachiri \Ca*chi"ri\, n.
A fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of
the manioc, and resembling perry. --Dunglison.
Cacholong \Cach"o*long\, n. [F. cacholong, said to be from Cach,
the name of a river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for
stone; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning ``beautiful stone'']
(Min.)
An opaque or milk-white chalcedony, a variety of quartz;
also, a similar variety of opal.
Cachou \Ca`chou"\, n. [F. See Cashoo.]
A silvered aromatic pill, used to correct the odor of the
breath.
Cachucha \Ca*chu"cha\, n. [Sp.]
An Andalusian dance in three-four time, resembling the
bolero. [Sometimes in English spelled {cachuca}.]
The orchestra plays the cachucha. --Longfellow.
Cachunde \Ca*chun"de\, n. [Sp.] (Med.)
A pastil or troche, composed of various aromatic and other
ingredients, highly celebrated in India as an antidote, and
as a stomachic and antispasmodic.
Cacique \Ca*cique"\, n. [Sp.]
See Cazique.
Cack \Cack\, v. i. [OE. cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr.
??????, and to OIr. cacc dung; cf. AS. cac.]
To ease the body by stool; to go to stool. --Pope.
Cackerel \Cack"er*el\, n. [OF. caquerel cagarel (Cotgr.), from
the root of E. cack.] (Zo["o]l.)
The mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish considered
poisonous by the ancients. See {Mendole}.
Cackle \Cac"kle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cackled} (-k'ld); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Cackling}.] [OE. cakelen; cf. LG. kakeln, D.
kakelen, G. gackeln, gackern; all of imitative origin. Cf.
{Gagle}, {Cake} to cackle.]
1. To make a sharp, broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose
does.
When every goose is cackling. --Shak.
2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling of a hen
or a goose; to giggle. --Arbuthnot.
3. To talk in a silly manner; to prattle. --Johnson.
Cackle \Cac"kle\, n.
1. The sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that
has laid an egg.
By her cackle saved the state. --Dryden.
2. Idle talk; silly prattle.
There is a buzz and cackle all around regarding the
sermon. --Thackeray.
Cackler \Cac"kler\, n.
1. A fowl that cackles.
2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a tattler.
Cackling \Cac"kling\, n.
The broken noise of a goose or a hen.
Cacochymia \Cac`o*chym"i*a\, Cacochymy \Cac"o*chym`y\, n. [NL.
cacochymia, fr. Gr. ?????????; ????? bad + ????? juice: cf.
F. cacochymie.] (Med.)
A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body,
especially of the blood. --Dunglison.
Cacochymic \Cac`o*chym"ic\, Cacochymical \Cac`o*chym"ic*al\, a.
Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood.
--Wiseman.
Cacodemon \Cac`o*de"mon\, n. [Gr. ??????????; ????? bad + ??????
demon: cf. F. cacod['e]mon.]
1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon. --Shak.
2. (Med.) The nightmare. --Dunaglison.
Cacodoxical \Cac`o*dox"ic*al\, a.
Heretical.
Cacodoxy \Cac"o*dox`y\, n. [Gr. ????????? perverted opinion;
????? bad + ????? opinion.]
Erroneous doctrine; heresy; heterodoxy. [R.]
Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls cacodoxy. --R.
Turnbull.
Cacodyl \Cac"o*dyl\, n. [Gr. ??????? ill-smelling (????? bad +
????? to smell) + -yl.] (Chem.)
Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous, arsenical liquid,
{As2(CH3)4}, spontaneously inflammable and possessing an
intensely disagreeable odor. It is the type of a series of
compounds analogous to the nitrogen compounds called
hydrazines. [Written also {cacodyle}, and {kakodyl}.]
Cacodylic \Cac`o*dyl"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, cacodyl.
{Cacodylic acid}, a white, crystalline, deliquescent
substance, {(CH3)2AsO.OH}, obtained by the oxidation of
cacodyl, and having the properties of an exceedingly
stable acid; -- also called {alkargen}.
Cacoethes \Cac`o*["e]"thes\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???????? of ill
habits, ?? ???????? an ill habit; ? bad + ? habit]
1. A bad custom or habit; an insatiable desire; as,
caco["e]thes scribendi, ``The itch for writing''.
--Addison.
2. (Med.) A bad quality or disposition in a disease; an
incurable ulcer.
Cacogastric \Cac`o*gas"tric\, a. [Gr. ????? bad + ??????
stomach.]
Troubled with bad digestion. [R.] --Carlyle.
Cacographic \Cac`o*graph`ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly written
or spelled.
Cacography \Ca*cog`ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ????? bad + -graphy; cf. F.
cacographie.]
Incorrect or bad writing or spelling. --Walpole.
Cacolet \Ca`co*let"\, n. [F.]
A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted to the back or
pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in mountainous
districts, or for the transportation of the sick and wounded
of an army.
Cacology \Ca*col"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ???? bad + -logy: cf. F.
cacologie.]
Bad speaking; bad choice or use of words. --Buchanan.
Cacomixle \Ca`co*mix"le\, Cacomixtle \Ca`co*mix"tle\, Cacomixl
\Ca"co*mix`l\, n. [Mexican name.]
A North American carnivore ({Bassaris astuta}), about the
size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits Mexico,
Texas, and California.
Cacoon \Ca*coon"\, n.
One of the seeds or large beans of a tropical vine ({Entada
scandens}) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.
Cacophonic \Cac`o*phon"ic\, Cacophonical \Cac`o*phon"ic*al\,
Cacophonous \Ca*coph"o*nous\, Cacophonious \Cac`o*pho"ni*ous\,
a.
Harsh-sounding.
Cacophony \Ca*coph"o*ny\, n.; pl. {Cacophonies}. [Gr. ?????????;
????? bad + ???? sound: cf. F. Cacophonie.]
1. (Rhet.) An uncouth or disagreable sound of words, owing to
the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables.
``Cacophonies of all kinds.'' --Pope.
2. (Mus.) A combination of discordant sounds.
3. (Med.) An unhealthy state of the voice.
Cacotechny \Cac"o*tech`ny\, n. [Gr. ?; ????? bad + ? art.]
A corruption or corrupt state of art. [R.]
Cacoxene \Ca*cox"ene\, Cacoxenite \Ca*cox"e*nite\, n. [Gr. ?????
bad + ????? guest.] (Min.)
A hydrous phosphate of iron occurring in yellow radiated
tufts. The phosphorus seriously injures it as an iron ore.
Cactaceous \Cac*ta"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Belonging to, or like, the family of plants of which the
prickly pear is a common example.
Cactus \Cac"tus\, n.; pl. E. {Cactuses}, {Cacti} (-t[=i]). [L.,
a kind of cactus, Gr. ??????.] (Bot.)
Any plant of the order {Cactac[ae]}, as the prickly pear and
the night-blooming cereus. See {Cereus}. They usually have
leafless stems and branches, often beset with clustered
thorns, and are mostly natives of the warmer parts of
America.
{Cactus wren} (Zo["o]l.), an American wren of the genus
{Campylorhynchus}, of several species.
Cacuminal \Ca*cu"mi*nal\, a. [L. cacumen, cacuminis, the top,
point.] (Philol.)
Pertaining to the top of the palate; cerebral; -- applied to
certain consonants; as, cacuminal (or cerebral) letters.
Cacuminate \Ca*cu"mi*nate\, v. i. [L. cacuminatus, p. p. of
cacuminare to point, fr. cacumen point.]
To make sharp or pointed. [Obs.]
Cad \Cad\, n. [Abbrev. fr. cadet.]
1. A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and
shut it, and to receive fares; an idle hanger-on about
innyards. [Eng.] --Dickens.
2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow. [Cant]
--Thackeray.
Cadastral \Ca*das"tral\, a. [F.]
Of or pertaining to landed property.
{Cadastral survey}, or {Cadastral map}, a survey, map, or
plan on a large scale (Usually 1/2500 of the linear
measure of the ground, or twenty-five inches to the mile
or about an inch to the acre) so as to represent the
relative positions and dimensions of objects and estates
exactly; -- distinguished from a topographical map, which
exaggerates the dimensions of houses and the breadth of
roads and streams, for the sake of distinctness. --Brande
& C.
Cadastre \Ca*das"tre\, Cadaster \Ca*das"ter\, n. [f. cadastre.]
(Law.)
An official statement of the quantity and value of real
estate for the purpose of apportioning the taxes payable on
such property.
Cadaver \Ca*da"ver\, n. [L., fr cadere to fall.]
A dead human body; a corpse.
Cadaveric \Ca*dav"er*ic\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes
produced by death; cadaverous; as, cadaveric rigidity.
--Dunglison.
{Cadaveric alkaloid}, an alkaloid generated by the processes
of decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought by
some to be the cause of the poisonous effects produced by
the bodies. See {Ptomaine}.
Cadaverous \Ca*dav"er*ous\, a. [L. cadaverosus.]
1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale;
ghastly; as, a cadaverous look.
2. Of or pertaining to, or having the qualities of, a dead
body. ``The scent cadaverous.'' -- {Ca*dav"er*ous*ly},
adv. -- {Ca*dav"er*ous*ness}, n.
Cadbait \Cad"bait`\, n. [Prov. E. codbait, cadbote fly.]
(Zo["o]l.)
See {Caddice}.
Caddice \Cad"dice\, Caddis \Cad"dis\, n. [Prov. E. caddy, cadew;
cf. G. k["o]der bait.] (Zo["o]l.)
The larva of a caddice fly. These larv[ae] generally live in
cylindrical cases, open at each end, and covered externally
with pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits of wood, etc. They
are a favorite bait with anglers. Called also {caddice worm},
or {caddis worm}.
{Caddice fly} (Zo["o]l.), a species of trichopterous insect,
whose larva is the caddice.
Caddis \Cad"dis\, n. [OE. caddas, Scot. caddis lint, caddes a
kind of woolen cloth, cf. Gael. cada, cadadh, a kind of
cloth, cotton, fustian, W. cadas, F. cadis.]
A kind of worsted lace or ribbon. ``Caddises, cambrics,
lawns.'' --Shak.
Caddish \Cad"dish\, a.
Like a cad; lowbred and presuming.
Caddow \Cad"dow\, n. [OE. cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough + daw
jackdaw; cf. Gael. cadhag, cathag. Cf. {Chough}, {Daw}, n.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A jackdaw. [Prov. Eng.]
Caddy \Cad"dy\, n.; pl. {Caddies}. [Earlier spelt catty, fr.
Malay kat[=i] a weight of 11/3 pounds. Cf. {Catty}.]
A small box, can, or chest to keep tea in.
Cade \Cade\, a. [Cf. OE. cad, kod, lamb, also {Cosset},
{Coddle}.]
Bred by hand; domesticated; petted.
He brought his cade lamb with him. --Sheldon.
Cade \Cade\, v. t.
To bring up or nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to
coddle; to tame. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Cade \Cade\, n. [L. cadus jar, Gr. ?.]
A barrel or cask, as of fish. ``A cade of herrings.'' --Shak.
A cade of herrings is 500, of sprats 1,000. --Jacob,
Law Dict.
Cade \Cade\, n. [F. & Pr.; LL. cada.]
A species of juniper ({Juniperus Oxycedrus}) of Mediterranean
countries.
{Oil of cade}, a thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by
destructive distillation of the inner wood of the cade. It
is used as a local application in skin diseases.
Cadence \Ca"dence\, n. [OE. cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a
falling, fr. L. cadere to fall; cf. F. cadence, It. cadenza.
See {Chance}.]
1. The act or state of declining or sinking. [Obs.]
Now was the sun in western cadence low. --Milton.
2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, especially at
the end of a sentence.
3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any sound; as,
music of bells in cadence sweet.
Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused
the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull Seafaring men
o'erwatched. --Milton.
The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest
cadence. --Sir W.
Scott.
4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or verse.
Golden cadence of poesy. --Shak.
If in any composition much attention was paid to the
flow of the rhythm, it was said (at least in the
14th and 15th centuries) to be ``prosed in faire
cadence.'' --Dr. Guest.
5. (Her.) See {Cadency}.
6. (Man.) Harmony and proportion in motions, as of a
well-managed horse.
7. (Mil.) A uniform time and place in marching.
8. (Mus.)
(a) The close or fall of a strain; the point of rest,
commonly reached by the immediate succession of the
tonic to the dominant chord.
(b) A cadenza, or closing embellishment; a pause before
the end of a strain, which the performer may fill with
a flight of fancy.
{Imperfect cadence}. (Mus.) See under {Imperfect}.
Cadence \Ca"dence\, v. t.
To regulate by musical measure.
These parting numbers, cadenced by my grief. --Philips.
Cadency \Ca"den*cy\, n.
Descent of related families; distinction between the members
of a family according to their ages.
{Marks of cadency} (Her.), bearings indicating the position
of the bearer as older or younger son, or as a descendant
of an older or younger son. See {Difference} (Her.).
Cadene \Ca*dene"\, n. [Cf. F. cad[`e]ne.]
A species of inferior carpet imported from the Levant.
--McElrath.
Cadent \Ca"dent\, a. [L. cadens, -entis, p. pr. of cadere to
fall.]
Falling. [R.] ``Cadent tears.'' --Shak.
Cadenza \Ca*den"za\, n. [It.] (Mus.)
A parenthetic flourish or flight of ornament in the course of
a piece, commonly just before the final cadence.
Cader \Ca"der\, n.
See {Cadre}.
Cadet \Ca*det"\, n. [F. cadet a younger or the youngest son or
brother, dim. fr. L. caput head; i. e., a smaller head of the
family, after the first or eldest. See {Chief}, and cf.
{Cad}.]
1. The younger of two brothers; a younger brother or son; the
youngest son.
The cadet of an ancient and noble family. --Wood.
2. (Mil.)
(a) A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a
volunteer, with a view of acquiring military skill and
obtaining a commission.
(b) A young man in training for military or naval service;
esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West
Point, Annapolis, or Woolwich.
Note: All the undergraduates at Annapolis are Naval cadets.
The distinction between Cadet midshipmen and Cadet
engineers was abolished by Act of Congress in 1882.
Cadetship \Ca*det"ship\, n.
The position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as, to get a
cadetship.
Cadew \Ca*dew"\, Cadeworm \Cade"worm`\, n.
A caddice. See {Caddice}.
Cadge \Cadge\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Cadged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cadging}.] [Cf. Scot. cache, caich, cadge, to toss,
drive, OE. cachen to drive, catch, caggen to bind, or perh.
E. cage. Cf. {Cadger}.]
1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --Halliwell.
2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc. [Prov.]
3. To intrude or live on another meanly; to beg. [Prov. or
Slang, Eng.] --Wright.
Cadge \Cadge\, n. [Cf. 2d {Cadger}.] (Hawking)
A circular frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale.
Cadger \Cadg"er\, n. [From {Cadge}, v. t., cf. {Codger}.]
1. A packman or itinerant huckster.
2. One who gets his living by trickery or begging. [Prov. or
Slang] ``The gentleman cadger.'' --Dickens.
Cadger \Cadg"er\, n. [OF. cagier one who catches hawks. Cf.
{Cage}.] (Hawking)
One who carries hawks on a cadge.
Cadgy \Cadg"y\, a.
Cheerful or mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also,
wanton. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Cadi \Ca"di\, n. [Turk. See {Alcalde}.]
An inferior magistrate or judge among the Mohammedans,
usually the judge of a town or village.
Cadie \Cad"ie\, Caddie \Cad"die\, n.
A Scotch errand boy, porter, or messenger. [Written also
{cady}.]
Every Scotchman, from the peer to the cadie.
--Macaulay.
Cadilesker \Ca`di*les"ker\, n. [Ar. q[=a][.d][=i] judge +
al'sker the army, Per. leshker.]
A chief judge in the Turkish empire, so named originally
because his jurisdiction extended to the cases of soldiers,
who are now tried only by their own officers.
Cadillac \Ca*dil"lac\, n. [Prob. from Cadillac, a French town.]
A large pear, shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for
cooking. --Johnson.
Cadis \Cad"is\, n. [F.]
A kind of coarse serge.
Cadmean \Cad*me"an\ (k[a^]d*m>emac/"an), a. [L. Cadmeus, Gr.
Kadmei^os, from Ka`dmos (L. Cadmus), which name perhaps means
lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb. qedem east.]
Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a fabulous prince of Thebes, who
was said to have introduced into Greece the sixteen simple
letters of the alphabet -- [alpha], [beta], [gamma], [delta],
[epsilon], [iota], [kappa], [lambda], [mu], [nu], [omicron],
[pi], [rho], [sigma], [tau], [upsilon]. These are called
Cadmean letters.
{Cadmean victory}, a victory that damages the victors as much
as the vanquished; probably referring to the battle in
which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth sown
by Cadmus slew each other.
Cadmia \Cad"mi*a\, n. [L. cadmia calamine, Gr. ?. Cf.
{Calamine}.] (Min.)
An oxide of zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces
where zinc is sublimed. Formerly applied to the mineral
calamine.
Cadmian \Cad"mi*an\, a. [R.]
See {Cadmean}.
Cadmic \Cad"mic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; as,
cadmic sulphide.
Cadmium \Cad"mi*um\, n. [NL. See {Cadmia}.] (Chem.)
A comparatively rare element related to zinc, and occurring
in some zinc ores. It is a white metal, both ductile and
malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic weight 111.8. It was discovered
by Stromeyer in 1817, who named it from its association with
zinc or zinc ore.
{Cadmium yellow}, a compound of cadmium and sulphur, of an
intense yellow color, used as a pigment.
Cadrans \Cad"rans\, n. [Cf. F. cadran. Cf. {Quadrant}.]
An instrument with a graduated disk by means of which the
angles of gems are measured in the process of cutting and
polishing.
Cadre \Ca"dre\, n. [F. cadre, It. quadro square, from L.
quadrum, fr. quatuor four.] (Mil.)
The framework or skeleton upon which a regiment is to be
formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff.
[Written also {cader}.]
Caducary \Ca*du"ca*ry\, a. [See {Caducous}.] (Law)
Relating to escheat, forfeiture, or confiscation.
Caducean \Ca*du"ce*an\, a.
Of or belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.
Caduceus \Ca*du"ce*us\, n. [L. caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. ?
a herald's wand, fr. ? herald.] (Myth.)
The official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the
messenger of the gods. It was originally said to be a
herald's staff of olive wood, but was afterwards fabled to
have two serpents coiled about it, and two wings at the top.
Caducibranchiate \Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate\, a. [L. caducus falling
(fr. cadere to fall) + E. branchiate.] (Zo["o]l.)
With temporary gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which
the gills do not remain in adult life.
Caducity \Ca*du"ci*ty\, n. [LL. caducitas: cf. F. caducit['e].
See {Caducous}.]
Tendency to fall; the feebleness of old age; senility. [R.]
[A] jumble of youth and caducity. --Chesterfield.
Caducous \Ca*du"cous\, [L. caducus falling, inclined to fall,
fr. cadere to fall. See {Cadence}.] (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Dropping off or disappearing early, as the calyx of a poppy,
or the gills of a tadpole.
Caduke \Ca*duke"\, a. [Cf. F. caduc. See {Caducous}.]
Perishable; frail; transitory. [Obs.] --Hickes.
The caduke pleasures of his world. --Bp. Fisher.
Cady \Cad"y\, n.
See {Cadie}.
Caeca \C[ae]"ca\, n. pl.
See {C[ae]cum}.
Caecal \C[ae]"cal\, a. (Anat.)
1. Of or pertaining to the c[ae]cum, or blind gut.
2. Having the form of a c[ae]cum, or bag with one opening;
baglike; as, the c[ae]cal extremity of a duct.
Caecias \C[ae]"ci*as\, n. [L. caecias, Gr. ?.]
A wind from the northeast. --Milton.
Caecilian \C[ae]*cil"i*an\ (?; 106), n. [L. caecus blind. So
named from the supposed blindness of the species, the eyes
being very minute.] (Zo["o]l.)
A limbless amphibian belonging to the order {C[ae]cili[ae]}
or {Ophimorpha}. See {Ophiomorpha}. [Written also
{c[oe]cilian}.]
Caecum \C[ae]"cum\, n.; pl. {C[ae]cums}, L. {C[ae]ca}. [L.
caecus blind, invisible, concealed.] (Anat.)
(a) A cavity open at one end, as the blind end of a canal or
duct.
(b) The blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance
of the small intestine; -- called also the {blind gut}.
Note: The c[ae]cum is comparatively small in man, and ends in
a slender portion, the vermiform appendix; but in
herbivorous mammals it is often as large as the rest of
the large intestine. In fishes there are often numerous
intestinal c[ae]ca.
Caenozoic \C[ae]`no*zo"ic\, a. (Geol.)
See {Cenozoic}.
Caen stone \Ca"en stone"\,
A cream-colored limestone for building, found near Caen,
France.
Caesar \C[ae]"sar\, n. [L.]
A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus C[ae]sar.
Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor or
powerful ruler. See {Kaiser}, {Kesar}.
Malborough anticipated the day when he would be
servilely flattered and courted by C[ae]sar on one side
and by Louis the Great on the other. --Macaulay.
Caesarean \C[ae]*sa"re*an\, Caesarian \C[ae]*sa"ri*an\, a. [L.
Caesareus, Caesarianus.]
Of or pertaining to C[ae]sar or the C[ae]sars; imperial.
{C[ae]sarean section} (Surg.), the operation of taking a
child from the womb by cutting through the walls of the
abdomen and uterus; -- so called because Julius C[ae]sar
is reported to have been brought into the world by such an
operation.
Caesarism \C[ae]"sar*ism\, n. [Cf. F. C['e]sarisme.]
A system of government in which unrestricted power is
exercised by a single person, to whom, as C[ae]sar or
emperor, it has been committed by the popular will;
imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a system of
government.
Note: This word came into prominence in the time of Napoleon
III., as an expression of the claims and political
views of that emperor, and of the politicians of his
court.
Caesious \C[ae]"si*ous\, a. [L. caesius bluish gray.] (Nat.
Hist.)
Of the color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of
gray. --Lindley.
Caesium \C[ae]"si*um\, n. [NL., from L. caesius bluish gray.]
(Chem.)
A rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called
from the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It
was the first element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is
the most strongly basic and electro-positive substance known.
Symbol Cs. Atomic weight 132.6.
Caespitose \C[ae]s"pi*tose`\, a.
Same as {Cespitose}.
Caesura \C[ae]*su"ra\, n.; pl. E. {C[ae]suras}, L.
{C[ae]sur[ae]} [L. caesura a cutting off, a division, stop,
fr. caedere, caesum, to cut off. See {Concise}.]
A metrical break in a verse, occurring in the middle of a
foot and commonly near the middle of the verse; a sense pause
in the middle of a foot. Also, a long syllable on which the
c[ae]sural accent rests, or which is used as a foot.
Note: In the following line the c[ae]sura is between study
and of.
The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is man.
Caesural \C[ae]*su"ral\, a.
Of or pertaining to a c[ae]sura.
{C[ae]sural pause}, a pause made at a c[ae]sura.
Caf'e \Ca`f['e]"\, n. [F. See {Coffee}.]
A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a room in a hotel or
restaurant where coffee and liquors are served.
Cafenet \Caf"e*net\, Cafeneh \Caf"e*neh\, n. [Turk. qahveh
kh[=a]neh coffeehouse.]
A humble inn or house of rest for travelers, where coffee is
sold. [Turkey]
Caffeic \Caf*fe"ic\, a. [See {Coffee}.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, coffee.
{Caffeic acid}, an acid obtained from coffee tannin, as a
yellow crystalline substance, {C9H8O4}.
Caffeine \Caf*fe"ine\, n. [Cf. F. caf['e]ine. See {Coffee}.]
(Chem.)
A white, bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from
coffee. It is identical with the alkaloid {theine} from tea
leaves, and with {guaranine} from guarana.
Caffetannic \Caf`fe*tan"nic\, a. [Caffeic + tannic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, the tannin of coffee.
{Caffetannic acid}, a variety of tannin obtained from coffee
berries, regarded as a glucoside.
Caffila \Caf"fi*la\, n. [Ar.]
See {Cafila}.
Caffre \Caf"fre\, n.
See {Kaffir}.
Cafila \Ca"fi*la\, Cafileh \Ca"fi*leh\, n. [Ar.]
A caravan of travelers; a military supply train or government
caravan; a string of pack horses.
Caftan \Caf"tan\, n. [Turk. qaft[=a]n: cf. F. cafetan.]
A garment worn throughout the Levant, consisting of a long
gown with sleeves reaching below the hands. It is generally
fastened by a belt or sash.
Caftan \Caf"tan\, v. t.
To clothe with a caftan. [R.]
The turbaned and caftaned damsel. --Sir W.
Scott.
Cag \Cag\, n.
See {Keg}. [Obs.]
Cage \Cage\, n. [F. cage, fr. L. cavea cavity, cage, fr. cavus
hollow. Cf. {Cave}, n., {Cajole}, {Gabion}.]
1. A box or inclosure, wholly or partly of openwork, in wood
or metal, used for confining birds or other animals.
In his cage, like parrot fine and gay. --Cowper.
2. A place of confinement for malefactors --Shak.
Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a
cage. --Lovelace.
3. (Carp.) An outer framework of timber, inclosing something
within it; as, the cage of a staircase. --Gwilt.
4. (Mach.)
(a) A skeleton frame to limit the motion of a loose piece,
as a ball valve.
(b) A wirework strainer, used in connection with pumps and
pipes.
5. The box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift or
elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a shaft.
6. (Mining) The drum on which the rope is wound in a hoisting
whim.
7. (Baseball) The catcher's wire mask.
Cage \Cage\ (k[=a]j), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Caged} (k[=a]jd); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Caging}.]
To confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine.
``Caged and starved to death.'' --Cowper.
Caged \Caged\ (k[=a]jd), a.
Confined in, or as in, a cage; like a cage or prison. ``The
caged cloister.'' --Shak.
Cageling \Cage"ling\ (k[=a]j"l[i^]ng), n. [Cage + -ling]
A bird confined in a cage; esp. a young bird. [Poetic]
--Tennyson.
Cagit \Ca"git\ (k[=a]"j[i^]t), n. (Zo["o]l)
A kind of parrot, of a beautiful green color, found in the
Philippine Islands.
Cagmag \Cag"mag\ (k[a^]g"m[a^]g), n.
A tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind.
[Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Cagot \Ca`got"\ (k[.a]`g[-o]"), n. [F.]
One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees, who
until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian
Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the Visigoths.
Cahier \Ca`hier"\ (k[.a]`y[asl]" or k[.a]`h[=e]r), n. [F., fr.
OF. cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See {Quire} of paper. The
sheets of manuscript were folded into parts.]
1. A number of sheets of paper put loosely together; esp. one
of the successive portions of a work printed in numbers.
2. A memorial of a body; a report of legislative proceedings,
etc.
Cahincic \Ca*hin"cic\, a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, cahinca, the native name of a
species of Brazilian {Chiococca}, perhaps {C. racemosa}; as,
cahincic acid.
Cahoot \Ca*hoot"\, n. [Perhaps fr. f. cohorte a company or
band.]
Partnership; as, to go in cahoot with a person. [Slang,
southwestern U. S.]
--Bartlett.
Caimacam \Cai`ma*cam"\, n. [Turk.]
The governor of a sanjak or district in Turkey.
Caiman \Cai"man\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Cayman}.
Cainozoic \Cai`no*zo"ic\, a. (Geol.)
See {Cenozic}.
Caique \Ca*["i]que"\, n. [F., fr. Turk. q[=a][=i]q boat.]
(Naut.)
A light skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a
Levantine vessel of larger size.
Ca ira \[,C]a" i*ra"\ [F. [,c]a ira, [,c]a ira, les aristocrates
[`a] la lanterne, it shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the
arictocrats to the lantern (lamp-post).]
The refrain of a famous song of the French Revolution.
Caird \Caird\, n. [Ir. ceard a tinker.]
A traveling tinker; also a tramp or sturdy beggar. [Prov.
Eng.]
Cairn \Cairn\, n. [Gael. carn, gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W.
carn.]
1. A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early
inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a
sepulchral monument.
Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn.
--Campbell.
2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest
attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an
exploring party, etc. --C. Kingsley. Kane.
Cairngormstone \Cairn*gorm"stone`\ [Gael. carn a cairn + gorm
azure.] (Min.)
A yellow or smoky brown variety of rock crystal, or
crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of Cairngorm,
in Scotland.
Caisson \Cais"son\, n. [F., fr. caisse, case, chest. See 1st
{Case}.]
1. (Mil.)
(a) A chest to hold ammunition.
(b) A four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition,
consisting of two parts, a body and a limber. In light
field batteries there is one caisson to each piece,
having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on
the limber. --Farrow.
(c) A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in
the way of an enemy and exploded on his approach.
2.
(a) A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work
is carried on in building foundations or structures
below the water level.
(b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves
to close the entrances of docks and basins.
(c) A structure, usually with an air chamber, placed
beneath a vessel to lift or float it.
3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits.
{Pneumatic caisson} (Engin.), a caisson, closed at the top
but open at the bottom, and resting upon the ground under
water. The pressure of air forced into the caisson keeps
the water out. Men and materials are admitted to the
interior through an air lock. See {Lock}.
Caitiff \Cai"tiff\, a. [OE. caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable,
OF. caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F. ch['e]tif,
fr. L. captivus captive, fr. capere to take, akin to E.
heave. See {Heave}, and cf. {Captive}.]
1. Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable.
Arnold had sped his caitiff flight. --W. Irving.
Caitiff \Cai"tiff\, n.
A captive; a prisoner. [Obs.]
Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and slave.
--Holland.
2. A wretched or unfortunate man. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness
and wickedness meet.
Note: The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks
down the moral character . . . speaks out with . . .
distinctness in the change of meaning which caitiff has
undergone signifying as it now does, one of a base,
abject disposition, while there was a time when it had
nothing of this in it. --Trench.
Cajeput \Caj"e*put\, n.
See {Cajuput}.
Cajole \Ca*jole"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cajoled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cajoling}.] [F. cajoler, orig., to chatter like a bird in
a cage, to sing; hence, to amuse with idle talk, to flatter,
from the source of OF. goale, jaiole, F. ge[^o]le, dim. of
cage a cage. See {Cage}, {Jail}.]
To deceive with flattery or fair words; to wheedle.
I am not about to cajole or flatter you into a
reception of my views. --F. W.
Robertson.
Syn: To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.
Cajolement \Ca*jole"ment\, n.
The act of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery.
--Coleridge.
Cajoler \Ca*jol"er\, n.
A flatterer; a wheedler.
Cajolery \Ca*jol"er*y\, n.; pl. {Cajoleries}.
A wheedling to delude; words used in cajoling; flattery.
``Infamous cajoleries.'' --Evelyn.
Cajuput \Caj"u*put\, n. [Of Malayan origin; k[=a]yu tree +
p[=u]tih white.] (Med.)
A highly stimulating volatile inflammable oil, distilled from
the leaves of an East Indian tree ({Melaleuca cajuputi},
etc.) It is greenish in color and has a camphoraceous odor
and pungent taste.
Cajuputene \Caj"u*put*ene`\, n. (Chem.)
A colorless or greenish oil extracted from cajuput.
Cake \Cake\ (k[=a]k), n. [OE. cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage, Sw.
& Icel. kaka, D. koek, G. kuchen, OHG. chuocho.]
1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from
unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake; johnnycake.
2. A sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients,
leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any
size or shape.
3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or
pancake; as buckwheat cakes.
4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a
solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than
high; as, a cake of soap; an ague cake.
Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the flood.
--Dryden.
{Cake urchin} (Zo["o]l), any species of flat sea urchins
belonging to the {Clypeastroidea}.
{Oil cake} the refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other
vegetable substance from which oil has been expressed,
compacted into a solid mass, and used as food for cattle,
for manure, or for other purposes.
{To have one's cake dough}, to fail or be disappointed in
what one has undertaken or expected. --Shak.
Cake \Cake\, v. i.
To form into a cake, or mass.
Cake \Cake\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Caked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Caking}.]
To concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an
oven; to coagulate.
Clotted blood that caked within. --Addison.
Cake \Cake\, v. i.
To cackle as a goose. [Prov. Eng.]
Caking coal \Cak"ing coal`\
See {Coal}.
Cal \Cal\, n. (Cornish Mines)
Wolfram, an ore of tungsten. --Simmonds.
Calabar \Cal"a*bar\, n.
A district on the west coast of Africa.
{Calabar bean}, The of a climbing legumious plant
({Physostigma venenosum}), a native of tropical Africa. It
is highly poisonous. It is used to produce contraction of
the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and
rheumatic diseases; -- called also {ordeal bean}, being
used by the negroes in trials for witchcraft.
Calabarine \Cal"a*bar*ine\, n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid resembling physostigmine and occurring with it in
the calabar bean.
Calabash \Cal"a*bash\ (k[a^]l"[.a]*b[a^]sh), n. [Sp. calabaza,
or Pg. calaba[,c]a, caba[,c]a (cf. F. Calebasse), lit., a dry
gourd, fr. Ar. qar', fem., a kind of gourd + aibas dry.]
1. The common gourd (plant or fruit).
2. The fruit of the calabash tree.
3. A water dipper, bottle, bascket, or other utensil, made
from the dry shell of a calabash or gourd.
{Calabash tree}. (Bot.), a tree of tropical America
({Crescentia cujete}), producing a large gourdlike fruit,
containing a purgative pulp. Its hard shell, after the
removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles, etc. The
{African calabash tree} is the baobab.
Calaboose \Cal`a*boose"\, n. [A corruption of Sp. calabozo
dungeon.]
A prison; a jail. [Local, U. S.]
Calade \Ca*lade"\, n. [F.]
A slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse is
made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.
Caladium \Ca*la"di*um\, n. [NL.]
A genus of aroideous plants, of which some species are
cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often
curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in
Polynesia) for food.
Calaite \Cal"a*ite\ (k[a^]l`[asl]*[imac]t), n. [L. calla["i]s,
Gr. ka`lai:s, ka`llai:s; cf. F. cala["i]te.]
A mineral. See {Turquoise}.
Calamanco \Cal`a*man"co\ (k[a^]l`[.a]*m[a^][ng]"k[-o]), n. [LL.
calamancus, calamacus; cf. camelaucum; a head covering made
of camel's hair, NGr. kamelay`kion, and F. calmande a woolen
stuff.]
A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped, or checked. ``A gay
calamanco waistcoat.'' --Tatler.
Calamander wood \Cal"a*man`der wood\ (k[a^]l"[.a]*m[a^]n`d[~e]r
w[oo^]d`).
A valuable furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a
hazel-brown color, with black stripes, very hard in texture.
It is a species of ebony, and is obtained from the {Diospyros
qu[ae]sita}. Called also {Coromandel wood}.
Calamar \Cal"a*mar\ (k[a^]l"[.a]*m[aum]r), Calamary
\Cal"a*ma*ry\, (-m[asl]*r[y^]r)n. [LL. calamarium inkstand, fr.
L. calamus a reed pen: cf. F. calmar, calemar, pen case,
calamar.] (Zo["o]l.)
A cephalopod, belonging to the genus {Loligo} and related
genera. There are many species. They have a sack of inklike
fluid which they discharge from the siphon tube, when pursued
or alarmed, in order to confuse their enemies. Their shell is
a thin horny plate, within the flesh of the back, shaped very
much like a quill pen. In America they are called {squids}.
See {Squid}.
Calambac \Cal"am*bac\ (k[a^]l"[a^]m*b[a^]k), n. [F. calambac,
calambour, from Malay Kalambaq a king of fragrant wood.]
(Bot.)
A fragrant wood; agalloch.
Calambour \Cal"am*bour\ (k[a^]l"[a^]m*b[=oo]r), n. [See
{Calambac}.]
A species of agalloch, or aloes wood, of a dusky or mottled
color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than
calambac; -- used by cabinetmakers.
Calamiferous \Cal`a*mif"er*ous\, a. [L. calamus reed + ferous.]
Producing reeds; reedy.
Calamine \Cal"a*mine\ (k[a^]l"[.a]*m[imac]n or -m[i^]n), n. [F.
calamine, LL. calamina, fr. L. Cadmia. See {Cadmia}.] (min.)
A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc.
Note: The name was formerly applied to both the carbonate and
silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore;
but it is now usually restricted to the latter, the
former being called smithsonite.
Calamint \Cal"a*mint\ (-m[i^]nt), n. [OE. calamint, calemente
(cf. F. calament) fr. L. calamintha, Gr. kalami`nqh,
kala`minqos. See 1st {Mint}.] (Bot.)
A genus of perennial plants ({Calamintha}) of the Mint
family, esp. the {C. Nepeta} and {C. Acinos}, which are
called also {basil thyme}.
Calamist \Cal"a*mist\ (-m[i^]st), n. [L. calamus a reed.]
One who plays upon a reed or pipe. [Obs.] --Blount.
Calamistrate \Cal`a*mis"trate\ (-m[i^]s"tr[=a]t), v. i. [L.
calamistratus, curled with the curling iron, fr. calamistrum
curling iron, fr. calamus a reed.]
To curl or friz, as the hair. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
Calamistration \Cal`a*mis*tra"tion\
(k[a^]l*[.a]*m[i^]s*tr[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
The act or process of curling the hair. [Obs.] --Burton.
Calamistrum \Cal`a*mis"trum\, n. [L., a curling iron.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A comblike structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of
certain spiders ({Ciniflonid[ae]}), used to curl certain
fibers in the construction of their webs.
Calamite \Cal"a*mite\, n. [L. calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.]
(Paleon.)
A fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general form
of plants of the modern {Equiseta} (the Horsetail or Scouring
Rush family) but sometimes attaining the height of trees, and
having the stem more or less woody within. See {Acrogen}, and
{Asterophyllite}.
Calamitous \Ca*lam"i*tous\, a. [L. Calamitosus; cf. F.
calamiteux.]
1. Suffering calamity; wretched; miserable. [Obs.]
Ten thousands of calamitous persons. --South.
2. Producing, or attended with distress and misery; making
wretched; wretched; unhappy. ``This sad and calamitous
condition.'' --South. ``A calamitous prison'' --Milton.
Syn: Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive;
wretched; grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse;
unhappy; severe; sad; unfortunate. --
{Ca*lam"i*tous*ly}, adv. -- {Ca*lam"i*tous*ness}, n.
Calamity \Ca*lam"i*ty\n.; pl. {Calamities}. [L. calamitas, akin
to in-columis unharmed: cf. F. calamit['e]]
1. Any great misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally
applied to events or disasters which produce extensive
evil, either to communities or individuals.
Note: The word calamity was first derived from calamus when
the corn could not get out of the stalk. --Bacon.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the
soul. --W. Irving.
2. A state or time of distress or misfortune; misery.
The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise.
--Burke.
Where'er I came I brought calamity. --Tennyson.
Syn: Disaster; distress; affliction; adversity; misfortune;
unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery;
evil; extremity; exigency; downfall.
Usage: {Calamity}, {Disaster}, {Misfortune}, {Mishap},
{Mischance}. Of these words, calamity is the
strongest. It supposes a somewhat continuous state,
produced not usually by the direct agency of man, but
by natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest,
disease, etc, Disaster denotes literally ill-starred,
and is some unforeseen and distressing event which
comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile planet.
Misfortune is often due to no specific cause; it is
simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in the
chain of events; an evil independent of his own
conduct, and not to be charged as a fault. Mischance
and mishap are misfortunes of a trivial nature,
occurring usually to individuals. ``A calamity is
either public or private, but more frequently the
former; a disaster is rather particular than private;
it affects things rather than persons; journey,
expedition, and military movements are often attended
with disasters; misfortunes are usually personal; they
immediately affect the interests of the individual.''
--Crabb.
Calamus \Cal"a*mus\, n.; pl. {Calami}. [L., a reed. See {Halm}.]
1. (Bot.) The indian cane, a plant of the Palm family. It
furnishes the common rattan. See {Rattan}, and {Dragon's
blood}.
2. (Bot.) A species of {Acorus} ({A. calamus}), commonly
called {calamus}, or {sweet flag}. The root has a pungent,
aromatic taste, and is used in medicine as a stomachic;
the leaves have an aromatic odor, and were formerly used
instead of rushes to strew on floors.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The horny basal portion of a feather; the
barrel or quill.
Calando \Ca*lan"do\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
Gradually diminishing in rapidity and loudness.
Calash \Ca*lash"\, n. [F. cal[`e]che; of Slavonic origin; cf.
Bohem. kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash, koleso, kolo, wheel.]
1. A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood
that can be raised or lowered, seats for inside, a
separate seat for the driver, and often a movable front,
so that it can be used as either an open or a close
carriage.
The baroness in a calash capable of holding herself,
her two children, and her servants. --W. Irving.
2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle, with a
calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in front.
3. A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown back at
pleasure.
4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be drawn
forward or thrown back like the top of a carriage.
Calaverite \Ca`la*ve"rite\, n. (Min.)
A bronze-yellow massive mineral with metallic luster; a
telluride of gold; -- first found in Calaveras County
California.
Calcaneal \Cal*ca"ne*al\, a. (Anal.)
Pertaining to the calcaneum; as, calcaneal arteries.
Calcaneum \Cal*ca"ne*um\n.; pl. E. {-neums}, L. {-nea}. [L. the
heel, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.] (Anal.)
One of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great
bone of the heel; -- called also {fibulare}.
Calcar \Cal"car\, n. [L. calcaria lime kiln, fr. calx, calcis,
lime. See {Calx}.] (Glass manuf.)
A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used for the
calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into
frit. --Ure.
Calcar \Cal"car\, n.; L. pl. {Calcaria}. [L., a spur, as worn on
the heel, also the spur of a cock, fr. calx, calcis, the
heel.]
1. (Bot.) A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or
corolla.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A slender bony process from the ankle joint of
bats, which helps to support the posterior part of the
web, in flight.
3. (Anat.)
(a) A spur, or spurlike prominence.
(b) A curved ridge in the floor of the leteral ventricle
of the brain; the calcar avis, hippocampus minor, or
ergot.
Calcarate \Cal"ca*rate\, Calcarated \Cal"ca*ra`ted\, a. [LL.
calcaratus, fr. L. calcar. See 2d Calcar.]
1. (Bot.) Having a spur, as the flower of the toadflax and
larkspur; spurred. --Gray.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Armed with a spur.
Calcareo-argillaceous \Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous\, a.
consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous
earths.
Calcareo-bituminous \Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous\, a.
Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen. --Lyell.
Calcareo-siliceous \Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous\, a.
Consisting of, or containing calcareous and siliceous earths.
Calcareous \Cal*ca"re*ous\, a. [L. calcarius pertaining to lime.
See {Calx}.]
Partaking of the nature of calcite or calcium carbonate;
consisting of, or containing, calcium carbonate or carbonate
of lime.
{Calcareous spar}. See as {Calcite}.
Calcareousness \Cal*ca"re*ous*ness\, n.
Quality of being calcareous.
Calcariferous \Cal`ca*rif"er*ous\, a. [L. calcarius of lime +
ferous.]
Lime-yielding; calciferous
Calcarine \Cal"ca*rine\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or situated near, the calcar of the brain.
Calcavella \Cal`ca*vel"la\, n.
A sweet wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of
Carcavelhos. [Written also {Calcavellos} or {Carcavelhos}.]
Calceated \Cal"ce*a`ted\, a. [L. calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to
ahoe, fr. catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic, heel.]
Fitted with, or wearing, shoes. --Johnson.
Calced \Calced\, a. [See {Calceated}.]
Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in distintion from discalced or
barefooted; as the calced Carmelites.
Calcedon \Cal"ce*don\, n. [See {Chalcedony}.]
A foul vein, like chalcedony, in some precious stones.
Calcedonic \Cal`ce*don"ic\, Calcedonian \Cal`ce*do"ni*an\, a.
See {Chalcedonic}.
Calceiform \Cal"ce*i*form`\ (k[a^]l"s[-e]*[i^]*f[^o]rm`), a. [L.
calceus shoe + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a slipper, as one petal of the lady's-slipper;
calceolate.
calceolaria \cal`ce*o*la"ri*a\
(k[a^]l`s[-e]*[-o]*l[=a]"r[i^]*[.a]), n. [NL., fr. L.
calceolarius shoemaker, fr. calceolus, a dim. of calceus
shoe.] (Bot.)
A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby plants, brought from
South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow or purple flower,
often spotted or striped, the shape of which suggests its
name.
Calceolate \Cal"ce*o*late\, a. [See {Calceolaria}.]
Slipper-ahaped. See {Calceiform}.
Calces \Cal"ces\, n. pl.
See {Calx}.
Calcic \Cal"cic\, a. [L. calx, calcis, lime: cf. F. calcique.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, calcium or lime.
Calciferous \Cal*cif"er*ous\, a. [L. calx, calcis, lime +
-ferous.]
Bearing, producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of
lime.
{Calciferous epoch} (Geol.), an epoch in the American lower
Silurian system, immediately succeeding the Cambrian
period. The name alludes to the peculiar mixture of
calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of the
beds. See the Diagram under {Geology}.
Calcific \Cal*cif"ic\, a.
Calciferous. Specifically: (Zo["o]l.) of or pertaining to the
portion of the oviduct which forms the eggshell in birds and
reptiles. --Huxley.
Calcification \Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion\
(k[a^]l`s[i^]*f[i^]*k[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. (Physiol.)
The process of change into a stony or calcareous substance by
the deposition of lime salt; -- normally, as in the formation
of bone and of teeth; abnormally, as in calcareous
degeneration of tissue.
Calcified \Cal"ci*fied\ (k[a^]l"s[i^]*f[imac]d), a.
Consisting of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime
salts; calcareous.
Calciform \Cal"ci*form\ (k[a^]l"s[i^]*f[^o]rm), a. [L. calx,
calcis, lime + -form.]
In the form of chalk or lime.
Calcify \Cal"ci*fy\ (k[a^]l"s[i^]*f[imac]), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Calcified} (-f[imac]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Calcifying}.] [L.
calx, calcis, lime + -fy.]
To make stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of
salts of lime.
Calcify \Cal"ci*fy\, v. i.
To become changed into a stony or calcareous condition, in
which lime is a principal ingredient, as in the formation of
teeth.
Calcigenous \Cal*cig"e*nous\, a. [L. calx, calcis, lime +
-genouse.] (Chem.)
Tending to form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance
on being oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.
Calcigerous \Cal*cig"er*ous\, a. [L. calx, calcis, lime +
-gerouse.]
Holding lime or other earthy salts; as, the calcigerous cells
of the teeth.
Calcimine \Cal"ci*mine\, n. [L. calx, calcis, lime.]
A white or colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering
of a room, consisting of a mixture of clear glue, Paris white
or zinc white, and water. [Also spelt {kalsomine}.]
Calcimine \Cal"ci*mine\, v. t. [imp. &p. p. {Calcimined}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Calcimining}.]
To wash or cover with calcimine; as, to calcimine walls.
Calciminer \Cal"ci*mi`ner\, n.
One who calcimines.
Calcinable \Cal*cin"a*ble\, a.
That may be calcined; as, a calcinable fossil.
Calcinate \Cal"ci*nate\, v. i.
To calcine. [R.]
Calcination \Cal`ci*na"tion\ (k[a^]l`s[i^]*n[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
[F. calcination.]
1. (Chem.) The act or process of disintegrating a substance,
or rendering it friable by the action of heat, esp. by the
expulsion of some volatile matter, as when carbonic and
acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the burning
of limestone in order to make lime.
2. The act or process of reducing a metal to an oxide or
metallic calx; oxidation.
Calcinatory \Cal*cin"a*to*ry\, n.
A vessel used in calcination.
Calcine \Cal*cine"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Calciden}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Calcining}.] [F. calciner, fr. L. calx, calcis, lime.
See {Calx}.]
1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by the
action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of
heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus (usually)
to produce disintegration; as to, calcine bones.
2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to reduce to
a metallic calx.
Calcine \Cal*cine"\, v. i.
To be converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a
calx, by the action of heat. ``Calcining without fusion''
--Newton.
Calciner \Cal*cin"er\, n.
One who, or that which, calcines.
Calcispongiae \Cal`ci*spon"gi*[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. calx,
calcis, lime + spongia a sponge.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules.
See {Porifera}.
Calcite \Cal"cite\ (k[a^]l"s[imac]t), n. [L. calx, calcis,
lime.] (Min.)
Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral
in its crystallization, and thus distinguished from
aragonite. It includes common limestone, chalk, and marble.
Called also {calc-spar} and {calcareous spar}.
Note: Argentine is a pearly lamellar variety; aphrite is
foliated or chalklike; dogtooth spar, a form in acute
rhombohedral or scalenohedral crystals; calc-sinter and
calc-tufa are lose or porous varieties formed in
caverns or wet grounds from calcareous deposits; agaric
mineral is a soft, white friable variety of similar
origin; stalaclite and stalagmite are varieties formed
from the drillings in caverns. Iceland spar is a
transparent variety, exhibiting the strong double
refraction of the species, and hence is called doubly
refracting spar.
Calcitrant \Cal"ci*trant\, a. [L. calcitrans, p. pr. of
calcitrare to kick, fr. calx, calcis, heel.]
Kicking. Hence: Stubborn; refractory.
Calcitrate \Cal"ci*trate\, v. i. & i. [L. calcitratus, p. p. of
calcitrare. See {Calcitrant}.]
To kick.
Calcitration \Cal`ci*tra"tion\ (-tr[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
Act of kicking.
Calcium \Cal"ci*um\ (k[a^]l"s[i^]*[u^]m), n. [NL., from L. calx,
calcis, lime; cf F. calcium. See {Calx}.] (Chem.)
An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen
forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and
malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of
elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.
Note: Calcium is widely and abundantly disseminated, as in
its compounds calcium carbonate or limestone, calcium
sulphate or gypsum, calcium fluoride or fluor spar,
calcium phosphate or apatite.
{Calcium light}, an intense light produced by the
incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a
combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and
coal gas; -- called also {Drummond light}.
Calcivorous \Cal*civ"o*rous\, a. [L. calx lime + vorare to
devour.]
Eroding, or eating into, limestone.
Calcographer \Cal*cog"ra*pher\, n.
One who practices calcography.
Calcographic \Cal`co*graph"ic\, Calcographical
\Cal`co*graph"ic*al\, a.
Relating to, or in the style of, calcography.
Calcography \Cal*cog"ra*phy\, n. [L. calx, calcis, lime, chalk +
-graphy.]
The art of drawing with chalk.
Calc-sinter \Calc"-sin`ter\, n. [G. kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime
+ E. sinter.]
See under {Calcite}.
Calc-spar \Calc"-spar`\, n. [G. kalk (L. calx) lime E. spar.]
Same as {Calcite}.
Calc-tufa \Calc"-tu`fa\, n. [G. kalk (l. calx) lime + E. tufa.]
See under {Calcite}.
Calculable \Cal"cu*la*ble\, a. [Cf. F. calculable.]
That may be calculated or ascertained by calculation.
Calculary \Cal"cu*la*ry\, a. [L. calculus a pebble, a calculus;
cf calcularius pertaining to calculation.] (Med.)
Of or pertaining to calculi.
Calculary \Cal"cu*la*ry\, n.
A congeries of little stony knots found in the pulp of the
pear and other fruits.
Calculate \Cal"cu*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Calculater}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Calculating}.] [L, calculatus, p. p. of
calculate, fr. calculus a pebble, a stone used in reckoning;
hence, a reckoning, fr. calx, calcis, a stone used in gaming,
limestone. See {Calx}.]
1. To ascertain or determine by mathematical processes,
usually by the ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up;
to estimate; to compute.
A calencar exacity calculated than any othe.
--North.
2. To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological
computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions
of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences
of; as, to calculate or cast one's nativity.
A cunning man did calculate my birth. --Shak.
3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or
calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means
to an end; as, to calculate a system of laws for the
government and protection of a free people.
[Religion] is . . . calculated for our benefit.
--Abp.
Tillotson.
4. To plan; to expect; to think. [Local, U. S.]
Syn: To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate.
Usage: {To Calculate}, {Compute}. {Reckon}, {Count}. These
words indicate the means by which we arrive at a given
result in regard to quantity. We calculate with a view
to obtain a certain point of knowledge; as, to
calculate an eclipse. We compute by combining given
numbers, in order to learn the grand result. We reckon
and count in carrying out the details of a
computation. These words are also used in a secondary
and figurative sense. ``Calculate is rather a
conjection from what is, as to what may be;
computation is a rational estimate of what has been,
from what is; reckoning is a conclusive conviction, a
pleasing assurance that a thing will happen; counting
indicates an expectation. We calculate on a gain; we
compute any loss sustained, or the amount of any
mischief done; we reckon on a promised pleasure; we
count the hours and minutes until the time of
enjoyment arrives'' --Crabb.
Calculate \Cal"cu*late\, v. i.
To make a calculation; to forecast consequences; to estimate;
to compute.
The strong passions, whether good or bad, never
calculate. --F. W.
Robertson.
Calculated \Cal"cu*la`ted\, p. p. & a.
1. Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for
computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result
of calculation; as, the calculated place of a planet; the
calculated velocity of a cannon ball.
2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to
accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts calculated to
deceive the people.
3. Likely to produce a certain effect, whether intended or
not; fitted; adapted; suited.
The only danger that attends multiplicity of
publication is, that some of them may be calculated
to injure rather than benefit society. --Goldsmith.
The minister, on the other hand, had never gone
through an experience calculated to lead him beyond
the scope of generally received laws. --Hawthorne.
Calculating \Cal"cu*la`ting\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing
or able to perform mathematical calculations.
2. Given to contrivance or forethought; forecasting;
scheming; as, a cool calculating disposition.
{Calculating machine}, a machine for the mechanical
performance of mathematical operations, for the most part
invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It
computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a
high degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a
leaden plate, from which a stereotype plate is then
directly made.
Calculating \Cal"cu*la`ting\, n.
The act or process of making mathematical computations or of
estimating results.
Calculation \Cal`cu*la"tion\ (-l[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [OE.
calculation, fr. L. calculatio; cf. OF. calcucation.]
1. The act or process, or the result, of calculating;
computation; reckoning, estimate. ``The calculation of
eclipses.'' --Nichol.
The mountain is not so his calculation makes it.
--Boyle.
2. An expectation based on circumstances.
The lazy gossips of the port, Abhorrent of a
calculation crost, Began to chafe as at a personal
wrong. --Tennyson.
Calculative \Cal"cu*la*tive\, a.
Of or pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.
Long habits of calculative dealings. --Burke.
Calculator \Cal"cu*la*tor\, n. [L.: cf. F. calculateur.]
One who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers
the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct
estimate of the effects.
Ambition is no exact calculator. --Burke.
Calculatory \Cal"cu*la*to*ry\, a. [L. calculatorius.]
Belonging to calculation. --Sherwood.
Calcule \Cal"cule\, n. [F. calcul, fr. L. calculus. See
{Calculus}.]
Reckoning; computation. [Obs.] --Howell.
Calcule \Cal"cule\, v. i.
To calculate [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Calculi \Cal"cu*li\, n. pl.
See {Calculus}.
Calculous \Cal"cu*lous\, a. [L. calculosus.]
1. Of the nature of a calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a
calculous concretion. --Sir T. Browne.
2. Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a calculus or
calculi; a, a calculous disorder; affected with gravel or
stone; as, a calculous person.
Calculus \Cal"cu*lus\, n.; pl. {Calculi}. [L, calculus. See
{Calculate}, and {Calcule}.]
1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the
body, but most frequent in the organs that act as
reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as,
biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.
2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning
by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may
involve calculation.
{Barycentric calculus}, a method of treating geometry by
defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other
points to which co["e]fficients or weights are ascribed.
{Calculus of functions}, that branch of mathematics which
treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given
conditions.
{Calculus of operations}, that branch of mathematical logic
that treats of all operations that satisfy given
conditions.
{Calculus of probabilities}, the science that treats of the
computation of the probabilities of events, or the
application of numbers to chance.
{Calculus of variations}, a branch of mathematics in which
the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities
together are themselves subject to change.
{Differential calculus}, a method of investigating
mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain
indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The
problems are primarily of this form: to find how the
change in some variable quantity alters at each instant
the value of a quantity dependent upon it.
{Exponential calculus}, that part of algebra which treats of
exponents.
{Imaginary calculus}, a method of investigating the relations
of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the
imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra.
{Integral calculus}, a method which in the reverse of the
differential, the primary object of which is to learn from
the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two
or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes
themselves, or, in other words, from having the
differential of an algebraic expression to find the
expression itself.
Caldron \Cal"dron\, n. [OE. caldron, caudron, caudroun, OF.
caudron, chauderon, F. chaudron, an aug. of F. chaudi[`e]re,
LL. caldaria, fr. L. caldarius suitable for warming, fr.
caldus, calidus, warm, fr. calere to be warm; cf. Skr.
[,c]r[=a] to boil. Cf. {Chaldron}, {Calaric}, {Caudle}.]
A large kettle or boiler of copper, brass, or iron. [Written
also {cauldron}.] ``Caldrons of boiling oil.'' --Prescott.
Caleche \Ca*l[`e]che"\, n. [F. cal[`e]che.]
See {Calash}.
Caledonia \Cal`e*do"ni*a\, n.
The ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.
Caledonian \Cal`e*do"ni*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch.
-- n. A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or Scotland.
Caledonite \Ca*led"o*nite\, n. (Min.)
A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts of
Caledonia or Scotland.
Calefacient \Cal`e*fa"cient\, a. [L. calefaciens p. pr. of
calefacere to make warm; calere to be warm + facere to make.]
Making warm; heating. [R.]
Calefacient \Cal`e*fa"cient\, n.
A substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is
applied, as mustard.
Calefaction \Cal`e*fac"tion\, n. [L. calefactio: cf. F.
cal['e]faction.]
1. The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a
body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat
from other bodies.
2. The state of being heated.
Calefactive \Cal`e*fac"tive\, a.
See {Calefactory}. [R.]
Calefactor \Cal`e*fac"tor\, n.
A heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.
Calefactory \Cal`e*fac"to*ry\, a. [L. calefactorius.]
Making hot; producing or communicating heat.
Calefactory \Cal`e*fac"to*ry\, n.
1. (Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a
sitting room.
2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a
chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the
priest to warm his hands with.
Calefy \Cal"e*fy\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Calefied}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Calefying}.] [L. calere to be warm + -fy]
To make warm or hot.
Calefy \Cal"e*fy\, v. i.
To grow hot or warm. --Sir T. Browne.
Calembour \Cal"em*bour`\, n. [F.]
A pun.
Calendar \Cal"en*dar\, n. [OE. kalender, calender, fr. L.
kalendarium an interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier,
OF. calendier) fr. L. calendue, kalendae, calends. See
{Calends}.]
1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to
the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and
days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an
almanac.
2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts,
offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are
liable to change yearly according to the varying date of
Easter.
3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or
events; a schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a
calendar of bills presented in a legislative assembly; a
calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar
of a college or an academy.
Note: Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of
tempests of state. --Bacon.
{Calendar clock}, one that shows the days of the week and
month.
{Calendar month}. See under {Month}.
{French Republican calendar}. See under {Vend['e]miaire}.
{Gregorian calendar}, {Julian calendar}, {Perpetual
calendar}. See under {Gregorian}, {Julian}, and {Perpetual}.
Calendar \Cal"en*dar\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Calendared}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Calendaring}.]
To enter or write in a calendar; to register. --Waterhouse.
Calendarial \Cal`en*da"ri*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.
Calendary \Cal"en*da*ry\, a.
Calendarial. [Obs.]
Calender \Cal"en*der\, n. [F. calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted
fr. L. cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. ?????????. See {Cylinider}.]
1. A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper,
etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by
cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them
a wavy appearance. It consists of two or more cylinders
revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus
for moving and regulating.
2. One who pursues the business of calendering.
My good friend the calender. --Cawper.
Calender \Cal"en*der\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Calendered}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Calendering}.] [Cf. F. calandrer. See {Calender},
n.]
To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and
glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper,
etc. --Ure.
Calender \Cal"en*der\, n. [Per. qalender.]
One of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted
dervishes.
Calendographer \Cal`en*dog"ra*pher\, n. [Calendar + -graph +
er.]
One who makes calendars. [R.]
Calendrer \Cal"en*drer\, n.
A person who calenders cloth; a calender.
Calendric \Ca*len"dric\, Calendrical \Ca*len"dric*al\, a.,
Of or pertaining to a calendar.
Calends \Cal"ends\, n. pl. [OE. kalendes month, calends, AS.
calend month, fr. L. calendae; akin to calare to call,
proclaim, Gr. ??????. CF. {Claim}.]
The first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar.
[Written also {kalends}.]
{The Greek calends}, a time that will never come, as the
Greeks had no calends.
Calendula \Ca*len"du*la\, n. [NL., fr. L. calendae calends.]
(Bot.)
A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species,
{Calendula officinalis}, is the common marigold, and was
supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the
name.
Calendulin \Ca*len"du*lin\, n. (Chem.)
A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance obtained from the
marigold or calendula, and analogous to bassorin.
Calenture \Cal"en*ture\, n. [F. calenture, fr. Sp. calenture
heat, fever, fr. calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to
be warm.] (Med.)
A name formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics;
esp. to a form of furious delirium accompanied by fever,
among sailors, which sometimes led the affected person to
imagine the sea to be a green field, and to throw himself
into it.
Calenture \Cal"en*ture\, v. i.
To see as in the delirium of one affected with calenture.
[Poetic]
Hath fed on pageants floating through the air Or
calentures in depths of limpid flood. --Wordsworth.
Calescence \Ca*les"cence\, n. [L. calescens, p. pr. of
calescere, incho. of calere to be warm.]
Growing warmth; increasing heat.
Calf \Calf\, n.; pl. {Calves}. [OE. calf, kelf, AS. cealf; akin
to D. kalf, G. kalb, Icel. k[=a]lfr, Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv,
Goth. kalb[=o]; cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr. ?????, Skr
grabh to seize, conceive, Ir. colpa, colpach, a calf.
[root]222.]
1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of
quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of
the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.
2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine,
light-colored leather used in bookbinding; as, to bind
books in calf.
3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a
dolt. [Colloq.]
Some silly, doting, brainless calf. --Drayton.
4. A small island near a larger; as, the Calf of Man.
5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a
glacier or berg, and rising to the surface. --Kane.
6. [Cf. Icel. k[=a]lfi.] The fleshy hinder part of the leg
below the knee.
{Calf's-foot jelly}, jelly made from the feet of calves. The
gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by boiling, and
is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.
Calfskin \Calf"skin`\, n.
The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.
Cali \Ca"li\, n. (Hindoo Myth.)
The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god Vishnu. [Written
also {Kali}.]
Caliber \Cal"i*ber\, Calibre \Cal"ibre\, n. [F. calibre, perh.
fr. L. qualibra of what pound, of what weight; hence, of what
size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar.
q[=a]lib model, mold. Cf. {Calipers}, {Calivere}.]
1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other
firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the
projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun,
a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.
The caliber of empty tubes. --Reid.
A battery composed of three guns of small caliber.
--Prescott.
Note: The caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways.
Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid
spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a
12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project shell or
hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their
bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun;
small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch
expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch caliber.
2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet
or column.
3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind. --Burke.
{Caliber compasses}. See {Calipers}.
{Caliber rule}, a gunner's calipers, an instrument having two
scales arranged to determine a ball's weight from its
diameter, and conversely.
{A ship's caliber}, the weight of her armament.
Calibrate \Cal"i*brate\, v. i.
To ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also,
more generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as
of the various standards or graduated instruments.
Calibration \Cal`ibra"*tion\, n.
The process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a
thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of
degrees; also, more generally, the determination of the true
value of the spaces in any graduated instrument.
Calice \Cal"ice\, n. [See {Calice}.]
See {Chalice}.
Calicle \Cal"i*cle\, n. [L. caliculus a small cup, dim. of
calicis, a cup. Cf {Calycle}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the small cuplike cavities, often with elevated
borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is
formed by a polyp.
(b) One of the cuplike structures inclosing the zooids of
certain hydroids. See {Campanularian}. [Written also
{calycle}. See {Calycle}.]
Calico \Cal"i*co\, n.; pl. {Calicoes}. [So called because first
imported from Calicut, in the East Indies: cf. F. calicot.]
1. Plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives
distinctive names according to quality and use, as, super
calicoes, shirting calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc.
[Eng.]
The importation of printed or stained colicoes
appears to have been coeval with the establishment
of the East India Company. --Beck
(Draper's
Dict. ).
2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern.
Note: In the United States the term calico is applied only to
the printed fabric.
{Calico bass} (Zo["o]l.), an edible, fresh-water fish
({Pomoxys sparaides}) of the rivers and lake of the
Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi valley.),
allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its variegated
colors; -- called also {calicoback}, {grass bass},
{strawberry bass}, {barfish}, and {bitterhead}.
{Calico printing}, the art or process of impressing the
figured patterns on calico.
Calico \Cal"i*co\, a.
Made of, or having the appearance of, calico; -- often
applied to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are
large patches of a color strikingly different from its main
color. [Colloq. U. S.]
Calicoback \Cal"i*co*back`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The calico bass.
(b) An hemipterous insect ({Murgantia histrionica}) which
injures the cabbage and other garden plants; -- called
also {calico bug} and {harlequin cabbage bug}.
Calicular \Ca*lic"u*lar\, a. Caliculate \Ca*lic"u*late\, a.
Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for
calycular, calyculate.
Calid \Cal"id\, a. [L. calidus, fr. calere to be hot.]
Hot; burning; ardent. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Calidity \Ca*lid"i*ty\, n.
Heat. [Obs.]
Caliduct \Cal"i*duct\, n. [See {Caloriduct}.]
A pipe or duct used to convey hot air or steam.
Subterranean caliducts have been introduced. --Evelyn.
Calif \Ca"lif\, n., Califate \Cal"i*fate\, n., etc.
Same as {Caliph}, {Caliphate}, etc.
Californian \Cal`i*for"ni*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to California. -- n. A native or inhabitant
of California.
Caligation \Cal`i*ga"tion\ (-g[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [L. caligatio,
fr. caligare to emit vapor, to be dark, from caligo mist,
darkness.]
Dimness; cloudiness. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Caliginosity \Ca*lig`i*nos"ity\, n. [L. caliginosus dark. See
{Caligation}.]
Darkness. [R.] --G. Eliot.
Caliginous \Ca*lig"i*nous\, a. [L. caliginosus; cf. F.
caligineux.]
Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure. [R.]
--Blount.
The caliginous regions of the air. --Hallywell.
-- {Ca*lig"i*nous*ly}, adv. -- {Ca*lig"i*nous*ness}, n.
Caligo \Ca*li"go\, n. [L., darkness.] (Med.)
Dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon a speck on the
cornea; also, the speck itself.
Caligraphic \Cal`i*graph"ic\, a.
See {Calligraphic}.
Caligraphy \Ca*lig"ra*phy\, n.
See {Caligraphy}.
Calin \Ca"lin\, n. [F., fr. Malay kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a, a
town in India, fr. which it came.]
An alloy of lead and tin, of which the Chinese make tea
canisters.
Calipash \Cal`i*pash"\, n. [F. carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf
{Calarash}, {Carapace}.]
A part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. It
contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish
tinge, much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle.
Calipee \Cal"i*pee\, n. [See {Calipash}]
A part of a turtle which is attached to the lower shell. It
contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a light
yellowish color, much esteemed as a delicacy. --Thackeray.
Calipers \Cal"i*pers\, n. pl. [Corrupted from caliber.]
An instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or
compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or
thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer,
timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes,
etc.; -- called also {caliper compasses}, or {caliber
compasses}.
{Caliper square}, a draughtsman's or mechanic's square,
having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws.
--Knight.
{Vernier calipers}. See {Vernier}.
Caliph \Ca"liph\, n. [OE. caliphe, califfe, F. calife (cf. Sp.
califa), fr. Ar. khal[=i]fan successor, fr. khalafa to
succed.]
Successor or vicar; -- a title of the successors of Mohammed
both as temporal and spiritual rulers, now used by the
sultans of Turkey. [Written also {calif}.]
Caliphate \Cal"i*phate\, n. [Cf. F. califat.]
The office, dignity, or government of a caliph or of the
caliphs.
Calippic \Ca*lip"pic\, a.
Of or pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer.
{Calippic period}, a period of seventy-six years, proposed by
Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic cycle, since
the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years by
about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by
something more.
Calisaya bark \Cal`i*sa"ya bark\
A valuable kind of Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona
Calisaya, and other closely related species.
Calistheneum \Cal`is*the"ne*um\, n. [NL.]
A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women
and children.
Calisthenis \Cal`is*then"is\, a. [Gr. ????? beautiful + ??????
strength.]
Of or pertaining to calisthenics.
Calisthenics \Cal`is*then"ics\, n.
The science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the
body and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light
gymnastics.
Caliver \Cal"i*ver\, n. [Corrupted fr. caliber.]
An early form of hand gun, variety of the arquebus;
originally a gun having a regular size of bore. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Calix \Ca"lix\, n. [L.]
A cup. See {Calyx}.
Calk \Calk\ (k[add]k), v. t. [imp. &p. p. {Calked}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Calking}.] [Either corrupted fr. F. calfater (cf. Pg.
calafetar, Sp. calafetear), fr. Ar. qalafa to fill up
crevices with the fibers of palm tree or moss; or fr. OE.
cauken to tred, through the French fr. L. calcare, fr. calx
heel. Cf. {Calk} to copy, Inculcate.]
1. To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of
(a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is
completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch.
2. To make an indentation in the edge of a metal plate, as
along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to force
the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so
fill the crevice.
Calk \Calk\ (k[a^]lk), v. t. [E. calquer to trace, It. caicare
to trace, to trample, fr. L. calcare to trample, fr. calx
heel. Cf. {Calcarate}.]
To copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or
black chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over
the lines, so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other
thing against which it is laid or held. [Written also
{calque}]
Calk \Calk\ (k[add]k), n. [Cf. AS. calc shoe, hoof, L. calx,
calcis, heel, calcar, spur.]
1. A sharp-pointed piece of iron or steel projecting downward
on the shoe of a horse or an ox, to prevent the animal
from slipping; -- called also {calker}, {calkin}.
2. An instrument with sharp points, worn on the sole of a
shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.
Calk \Calk\ (k[add]k), v. i.
1. To furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to
calk the shoes of a horse or an ox.
2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a leg or a
foot with a calk on one of the other feet.
Calker \Calk"er\, n.
1. One who calks.
2. A calk on a shoe. See {Calk}, n., 1.
Calkin \Calk"in\, n.
A calk on a shoe. See {Calk}, n., 1.
Calking \Calk"ing\, n.
The act or process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of
furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.
{Calking iron}, a tool like a chisel, used in calking ships,
tightening seams in ironwork, etc.
Their left hand does the calking iron guide.
--Dryden.
Call \Call\ (k[add]l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Called} (k[add]ld);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Calling}] [OE. callen, AS. ceallian; akin to
Icel. & Sw. kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen to talk, prate, OHG.
kall[=o]n to call; cf. Gr. ghry`ein to speak, sing, Skr. gar
to praise. Cf. {Garrulous}.]
1. To command or request to come or be present; to summon;
as, to call a servant.
Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain --Shak.
2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to
designate for an office, or employment, especially of a
religious character; -- often used of a divine summons;
as, to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to invite;
as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a church.
Paul . . . called to be an apostle --Rom. i. 1.
The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul
for the work whereunto I have called them. --Acts
xiii. 2.
3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; -- often with
together; as, the President called Congress together; to
appoint and summon; as, to call a meeting of the Board of
Aldermen.
Now call we our high court of Parliament. --Shak.
4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a
specifed name.
If you would but call me Rosalind. --Shak.
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he
called Night. --Gen. i. 5.
5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to
denominate; to designate.
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.
--Acts x. 15.
6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to
characterize without strict regard to fact; as, they call
the distance ten miles; he called it a full day's work.
[The] army is called seven hundred thousand men.
--Brougham.
7. To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality
of. [Obs.]
This speech calls him Spaniard. --Beau. & Fl.
8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with off;
as, to call, or call off, the items of an account; to call
the roll of a military company.
No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear. --Gay.
9. To invoke; to appeal to.
I call God for a witness. --2 Cor. i. 23
[Rev. Ver. ]
10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken.
If thou canst awake by four o' the clock. I prithee
call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly. --Shak.
{To call a bond}, to give notice that the amount of the bond
will be paid.
{To call a party} (Law), to cry aloud his name in open court,
and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring
his presence at the time on pain of what may befall him.
{To call back}, to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon
back.
{To call down}, to pray for, as blessing or curses.
{To call forth}, to bring or summon to action; as, to call
forth all the faculties of the mind.
{To call in},
(a) To collect; as, to call in debts or money; ar to
withdraw from cirulation; as, to call in uncurrent
coin.
(b) To summon to one's side; to invite to come together;
as, to call in neighbors.
{To call (any one) names}, to apply contemptuous names (to
any one).
{To call off}, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the
attention; to call off workmen from their employment.
{To call out}.
(a) To summon to fight; to challenge.
(b) To summon into service; as, to call out the militia.
{To call over}, to recite separate particulars in order, as a
roll of names.
{To call to account}, to demand explanation of.
{To call to mind}, to recollect; to revive in memory.
{To call to order}, to request to come to order; as:
(a) A public meeting, when opening it for business.
(b) A person, when he is transgressing the rules of
debate.
{To call to the bar}, to admit to practice in courts of law.
{To call up}.
(a) To bring into view or recollection; as to call up the
image of deceased friend.
(b) To bring into action or discussion; to demand the
consideration of; as, to call up a bill before a
legislative body.
Syn: To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke;
assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke;
appeal to; designate.
Usage: {To Call}, {Convoke}, {Summon}. Call is the generic
term; as, to call a public meeting. To convoke is to
require the assembling of some organized body of men
by an act of authority; as, the king convoked
Parliament. To summon is to require attendance by an
act more or less stringent anthority; as, to summon a
witness.
Call \Call\, v. i.
1. To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; --
sometimes with to.
You must call to the nurse. --Shak.
The angel of God called to Hagar. --Gen. xxi.
17.
2. To make a demand, requirement, or request.
They called for rooms, and he showed them one.
--Bunyan.
3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some place
designated, as for orders.
He ordered her to call at the house once a week.
--Temple.
{To call for}
(a) To demand; to require; as, a crime calls for
punishment; a survey, grant, or deed calls for the
metes and bounds, or the quantity of land, etc., which
it describes.
(b) To give an order for; to request. ``Whenever the coach
stopped, the sailor called for more ale.'' --Marryat.
{To call on}, {To call upon},
(a) To make a short visit to; as, call on a friend.
(b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; as, to
call upon a person to make a speech.
(c) To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt.
(d) To invoke or play to; to worship; as, to call upon
God.
{To call out} To call or utter loudly; to brawl.
Call \Call\, n.
1. The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often
otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or
by writing; a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a
call for help; the bugle's call. ``Call of the trumpet.''
--Shak.
I rose as at thy call, but found thee not. --Milton.
2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon
soldiers or sailors to duty.
3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge of or serve a church
as its pastor.
4. A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of
the case; a moral requirement or appeal.
Dependence is a perpetual call upon humanity.
--Addison.
Running into danger without any call of duty.
--Macaulay.
5. A divine vocation or summons.
St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he
had a call to it, when he persecuted the Christians.
--Locke.
6. Vocation; employment.
Note: [In this sense, calling is generally used.]
7. A short visit; as, to make a call on a neighbor; also, the
daily coming of a tradesman to solicit orders.
The baker's punctual call. --Cowper.
8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to encourage the
hounds.
9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his
mate, to summon the sailors to duty.
10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in
imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by imitating
their note or cry.
11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or statement of, an
object, course, distance, or other matter of description
in a survey or grant requiring or calling for a
corresponding object, etc., on the land.
12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or
any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain
time agreed on. [Brokers' Cant]
13. See {Assessment}, 4.
{At call}, or {On call}, liable to be demanded at any moment
without previous notice; as money on deposit.
{Call bird}, a bird taught to allure others into a snare.
{Call boy}
(a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who
transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to
the engineer, helmsman, etc.
(b) A waiting boy who answers a cal, or cames at the
ringing of a bell; a bell boy.
{Call note}, the note naturally used by the male bird to call
the female. It is artificially applied by birdcatchers as
a decoy. --Latham.
{Call of the house} (Legislative Bodies), a calling over the
names of members, to discover who is absent, or for other
purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the
ayes and noes from the persons named.
{Call to the bar}, admission to practice in the courts.
Calla \Cal"la\, n. [Linn[ae]us derived Calla fr. Gr. ??????? a
cock's wattes but cf. L. calla, calsa, name of an unknown
plant, and Gr. ????? beautiful.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants, of the order {Arace[ae]}.
Note: The common {Calla} of cultivation is {Richardia
Africana}, belonging to another genus of the same
order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a
fleshy spike, which is covered with minute apetalous
flowers.
Callat \Cal"lat\, n.
Same as {Callet}. [Obs.]
A callat of boundless tongue. --Shak.
Calle \Calle\, n. [See {Caul}.]
A kind of head covering; a caul. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Caller \Call"er\, n.
One who calls.
Caller \Cal"ler\, a. [Scot.]
1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a caller day; the caller air.
--Jamieson.
2. Fresh; in good condition; as, caller berrings.
Callet \Cal"let\, n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. caile a country woman,
strumpet.]
A trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.] [Written
also {callat}.]
Callet \Cal"let\ v. i.
To rail or scold. [Obs.] --Brathwait.
Callid \Cal"lid\, a. [L. callidus, fr. callere to be
thick-skinned, to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum,
callus, callous skin, callosity, callousness.]
Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty. [R.]
Callidity \Cal*lid"i*ty\, n. [L. calliditas.]
Acuteness of discernment; cunningness; shrewdness. [R.]
Her eagly-eyed callidity. --C. Smart.
Calligrapher \Cal*lig"ra*pher\, n.
One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.
Calligraphic \Cal`li*graph"ic\, Calligraphical
\Cal`li*graph"ic*al\, a., [Gr. ???????????; pref. ?????- (fr.
???? beautiful) + ??????? to write; cf. F. calligraphique.]
Of or pertaining to calligraphy.
Excellence in the calligraphic act. --T. Warton.
Calligraphist \Cal*lig"ra*phist\, n.
A calligrapher
Calligraphy \Cal*lig"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ???????????: cf. F.
calligraphie.]
Fair or elegant penmanship.
Calling \Call"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to
summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.
2. A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament.
The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment.
--Macaulay.
3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state of being
divinely called.
Who hath . . . called us with an holy calling. --2
Tim. i. 9.
Give diligence to make yior calling . . . sure. --2
Pet. i. 10.
4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in
order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an
answer, as in legislative bodies.
5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business;
trade.
The humble calling of ter female parent.
--Thackeray.
6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular
professions or employment.
To impose celibacy on wholy callings. --Hammond.
7. Title; appellation; name. [Obs.]
I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son His youngest
son, and would not change that calling. --Shak.
Syn: Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession;
office; engagement; vocation.
Calliope \Cal*li"o*pe\ (k[a^]l*l[imac]"[-o]*p[-e]), n. [L.
Calliope, Gr. Kallio`ph, lit, the beautiful-voiced; pref.
kalli- (from kalo`s beautiful) + 'o`ps, 'opo`s, voice.]
1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence and
heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine
Muses.
2. (Astron.) One of the asteroids. See {Solar}.
3. A musical instrument consisting of a series of steam
whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by
keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes
attached to steamboat boilers.
4. (Zo["o]l.) A beautiful species of humming bird ({Stellula
Calliope}) of California and adjacent regions.
Calliopsis \Cal`li*op"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. kalli- (fr.
kalo`s beautiful) + 'o`psis appearance.] (Bot.)
A popular name given to a few species of the genus
{Coreopsis}, especially to {C. tinctoria} of Arkansas.
Callipash \Cal`li*pash"\, n.
See {Calipash}.
Callipee \Cal`li*pee"\, n.
See {Calipee}.
Callipers \Cal`li*pers\, n. pl.
See Calipers.
Callisection \Cal`li*sec"tion\, n. [L. callere to be insensible
+ E. section.]
Painless vivisection; -- opposed to {sentisection}. --B. G.
Wilder.
Callisthenic \Cal`lis*then"ic\, a., Callisthenics
\Cal`lis*then"ics\, n.
See {Calisthenic}, {Calisthenics}.
Callithump \Cal"li*thump`\, n.
A somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the blowing of
tin horns, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque
serenade; a charivari. [U. S.]
Callithumpian \Cal`li*thump"i*an\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump. [U. S.]
Callosan \Cal*lo"san\, a. (Anat.)
Of the callosum.
Callose \Cal"lose\, a. [See {Callous}.] (Bot.)
Furnished with protuberant or hardened spots.
Callosity \Cal*los"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Callosities}. [L. callasitas;
cf. F. calost['e].]
A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and
thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of
continued pressure or friction.
Callosum \Cal*lo"sum\, n. [NL., fr. callosus callous, hard.]
(Anat.)
The great band commissural fibers which unites the two
cerebral hemispheres. See {corpus callosum}, under {Carpus}.
Callot \Cal"lot\, n.
A plant coif or skullcap. Same as {Calotte}. --B. Jonson.
Callous \Cal"lous\, a. [L. callosus callous hard, fr. callum,
callus, callous skin: cf. F. calleux.]
1. Hardened; indurated. ``A callous hand.'' --Goldsmith. ``A
callous ulcer.'' --Dunglison.
2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible.
``The callous diplomatist.'' --Macaulay.
It is an immense blessing to be perfectly callous to
ridicule. --T. Arnold.
Syn: Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible;
unfeeling; unsusceptible. See {Obdurate}. --
{Cal"lous*ly}, adv. -- {Cal"lous*ness}, n.
A callousness and numbness of soul. --Bentley.
Callow \Cal"low\, a. [OE. calewe, calu, bald, AS. calu; akin to
D. kaal, OHG. chalo, G. Kuhl; cf. L. calvus.]
1. Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged.
An in the leafy summit, spied a nest, Which, o'er
the callow young, a sparrow pressed. --Dryden.
2. Immature; boyish; ``green''; as, a callow youth.
I perceive by this, thou art but a callow maid.
--Old Play
[1675].
Callow \Cal*low"\, n. (Zo["o]l.) [Named from its note.]
A kind of duck. See {Old squaw}.
Callus \Cal"lus\, n. [L. See {Callous}.]
1. (Med.)
(a) Same as {Callosity}.
(b The material of repair in fractures of bone; a
substance exuded at the site of fracture, which is at
first soft or cartilaginous in consistence, but is
ultimately converted into true bone and unites the
fragments into a single piece.
2. (Hort.) The new formation over the end of a cutting,
before it puts out rootlets.
Calm \Calm\ (k[aum]m), n. [OE. calme, F. calme, fr. It. or Sp.
calma (cf. Pg. calma heat), prob. fr. LL. cauma heat, fr. Gr.
kay^ma burning heat, fr. kai`ein to burn; either because
during a great heat there is generally also a calm, or
because the hot time of the day obliges us seek for shade and
quiet; cf. {Caustic}]
Freedom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; a cessation
or absence of that which causes motion or disturbance, as of
winds or waves; tranquility; stillness; quiet; serenity.
The wind ceased, and there was a great calm. --Mark.
iv. 39.
A calm before a storm is commonly a peace of a man's
own making. --South.
Calm \Calm\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Calmed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Calming}.] [Cf. F. calmer. See {Calm}, n.]
1. To make calm; to render still or quiet, as elements; as,
to calm the winds.
To calm the tempest raised by Eolus. --Dryden.
2. To deliver from agitation or excitement; to still or
soothe, as the mind or passions.
Passions which seem somewhat calmed. --Atterbury.
Syn: To still; quiet; appease; allay; pacify; tranquilize;
soothe; compose; assuage; check; restrain.
Calm \Calm\ (k[aum]m), a. [Compar. {Calmer} (-[~e]r); super.
{Calmest} (-[e^]st)]
1. Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or waves; still;
quiet; serene; undisturbed. ``Calm was the day.''
--Spenser.
Now all is calm, and fresh, and still. --Bryant.
2. Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated or
excited; tranquil; quiet in act or speech. ``Calm and
sinless peace.'' --Milton. ``With calm attention.''
--Pope.
Such calm old age as conscience pure And
self-commanding hearts ensure. --Keble.
Syn: Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful; serene;
composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.
Calmer \Calm"er\, n.
One who, or that which, makes calm.
Calmly \Calm"ly\, adv.
In a calm manner.
The gentle stream which calmly flows. --Denham.
Calmness \Calm"ness\, n.
The state of quality of being calm; quietness; tranquillity;
self-repose.
The gentle calmness of the flood. --Denham.
Hes calmness was the repose of conscious power. --E.
Everett.
Syn: Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity; serenity;
repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.
Calmucks \Cal"mucks\, n. pl.; sing. {Calmuck}.
A branch of the Mongolian race inhabiting parts of the
Russian and Chinese empires; also (sing.), the language of
the Calmucks. [Written also {Kalmucks}.]
Calmy \Calm"y\, a. [Fr. {Calm}, n.]
Tranquil; peaceful; calm. [Poet.] ``A still and calmy day''
--Spenser.
Calomel \Cal"o*mel\, n. [Gr. ????? beautiful + ????? black. So
called from its being white, though made from a black mixture
of mercury and corrosive sublimate. Cf. F. calom['e]las.]
(Chem.)
Mild chloride of mercury, {Hg2Cl2}, a heavy, white or
yellowish white substance, insoluble and tasteless, much used
in medicine as a mercurial and purgative; mercurous chloride.
It occurs native as the mineral horn quicksilver.
Calorescence \Cal`o*res"cence\, n. [L. calor heat.] (Physics)
The conversion of obscure radiant heat into light; the
transmutation of rays of heat into others of higher
refrangibility. --Tyndall.
Caloric \Ca*lor"ic\, n. [L. calor heat; cf. F. calorique.]
(Physics)
The principle of heat, or the agent to which the phenomena of
heat and combustion were formerly ascribed; -- not now used
in scientific nomenclature, but sometimes used as a general
term for heat.
Caloric expands all bodies. --Henry.
Caloric \Ca*lor"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to caloric.
{Caloric engine}, a kind of engine operated by heated air.
Caloricity \Cal`o*ric"ity\, n. (Physiol.)
A faculty in animals of developing and preserving the heat
necessary to life, that is, the animal heat.
Caloriduct \Ca*lor"i*duct\, n. [L. calor heat (fr. calere to
warm) + E. duct.]
A tube or duct for conducting heat; a caliduct.
Calorie \Cal"o*rie\, n. [F., fr. L. calor heat.] (Physics)
The unit of heat according to the French standard; the amount
of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram
(sometimes, one gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from
0[deg] to 1[deg]. Compare the English standard unit, {Foot
pound}.
Calorifacient \Ca*lor`i*fa"cient\, a. (Physiol.)
See {Calorificient}.
Calorifere \Ca*lor"i*fere\, n. [F. calorif[`e]re, fr. L. calor
heat + ferre to bear.]
An apparatus for conveying and distributing heat, especially
by means of hot water circulating in tubes.
Calorifiant \Ca*lor`i*fi"ant\, a. (Physiol.)
See {Calorificient}.
Calorific \Cal`o*rif"ic\, a. [L. calorificus; calor heat +
facere to make; cf. F. calorifique.]
Possessing the quality of producing heat; heating.
{Calorific rays}, the invisible, heating rays which emanate
from the sun, and from burning and heated bodies.
Calorification \Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion\
(k[.a]*l[o^]r`[i^]*f[i^]*k[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [Cf. F.
calorification.]
Production of heat, esp. animal heat.
Calorificient \Ca*lor`i*fi"cient\, a. (Physiol.)
Having, or relating to the power of producing heat; --
applied to foods which, being rich in carbon, as the fats,
are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body by
oxidation.
Calorimeter \Cal`o*rim"e*ter\, n. [L. calor heat + -meter; cf.
F. calorim[`e]tre.]
1. (Physiol.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat
contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or
chemical process, as friction, chemical combination,
combustion, etc.
2. (Engineering) An apparatus for measuring the proportion of
unevaporated water contained in steam.
Calorimetric \Ca*lor`i*met"ric\, a.
Of or pertaining to the process of using the calorimeter.
Satisfactory calorimetric results. --Nichol.
Calorimetry \Cal`o*rim"e*try\, n. (Physics)
Measurement of the quantities of heat in bodies.
Calorimotor \Ca*lor`i*mo"tor\, n. [L. calor heat + E. motor.]
(Physics)
A voltaic battery, having a large surface of plate, and
producing powerful heating effects.
Calotte \Ca*lotte"\, Callot \Cal"lot\, n. [F. calotte, dim. of
cale a sort of flat cap. Cf. {Caul}.]
A close cap without visor or brim. Especially:
(a) Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at law.
(b) Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under their
helmets.
(c) Such a cap, worn by the clergy of the Roman Catholic
Church.
{To assume the calotte}, to become a priest.
Calotype \Cal"o*type\, n. [Gr. kalo`s beautiful + ty`pos type.]
(Photog.)
A method of taking photographic pictures, on paper sensitized
with iodide of silver; -- also called {Talbotype}, from the
inventor, Mr. Fox. Talbot.
Caloyer \Ca*loy"er\, n. [F., fr. NGr. ????????? a monk; kalo`s
beautiful, good + ?????, equiv. to Gr. ????? an old man.]
A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite, anchoret, or recluse
of the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on or near Mt.
Athos.
Calque \Calque\, v. t.
See 2d {Calk}, v. t.
Caltrop \Cal"trop\, Caltrap \Cal"trap\, n. [OE. calketrappe,
calletrappe, caltor (in both senses), fr. AS. collr[ae]ppe,
calcetreppe, sort of thistle; cf. F. chaussetrape star
thistle, trap, It. calcatreppo, calcatreppolo, star thistle.
Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word as E. trap. See 1st
{Trap}.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants ({Tribulus}) of the
order {Zygophylle[ae]}, having a hard several-celled
fruit, armed with stout spines, and resembling the
military instrument of the same name. The species grow in
warm countries, and are often very annoying to cattle.
2. (Mil.) An instrument with four iron points, so disposed
that, any three of them being on the ground, the other
projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where an
enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by
endangering the horses' feet.
Calumba \Ca*lum"ba\, n. [from kalumb, its native name in
Mozambique.] (Med.)
The root of a plant ({Jateorrhiza Calumba}, and probably
{Cocculus palmatus}), indigenous in Mozambique. It has an
unpleasantly bitter taste, and is used as a tonic and
antiseptic. [Written also {colombo}, {columbo}, and
{calombo}.]
{American calumba}, the {Frasera Carolinensis}, also called
{American gentian}. Its root has been used in medicine as
bitter tonic in place of calumba.
Calumbin \Ca*lum"bin\, n. (Chem.)
A bitter principle extracted as a white crystalline substance
from the calumba root. [Written also {colombin}, and
{columbin}]
Calumet \Cal"u*met\, n. [F. calumet, fr. L. calamus reed. See
{Halm}, and cf. {Shawm}.]
A kind of pipe, used by the North American Indians for
smoking tobacco. The bowl is usually made of soft red stone,
and the tube is a long reed often ornamented with feathers.
Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe, As a signal to the
nations. --Lowgfellow.
Note: The calumet is used as a symbol of peace. To accept the
calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse it
is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal
or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence
to strangers that they are welcome.
Calumniate \Ca*lum"ni*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Calumniated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {calumniating}.] [L. calumniatus, p. p. of
calumniari. See {Calumny}, and cf. {Challenge}, v. t.]
To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime or offense, or
of something disreputable; to slander; to libel.
Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and
calumniate all godly men's doings. --Strype.
{Syn}. -- To asperse; slander; defame; vilify; traduce;
belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See {Asperse}.
Calumniate \Ca*lum"ni*ate\, v. i.
To propagate evil reports with a design to injure the
reputation of another; to make purposely false charges of
some offense or crime.
Calumniation \Ca*lum`ni*a"tion\
(k[.a]*l[u^]m`n[i^]*[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
False accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and
false representation of the words or actions of another, with
a view to injure his good name.
The calumniation of her principal counselors. --Bacon.
Calumniator \Ca*lum`ni*a"tor\, n. [L.]
One who calumniates.
Syn: Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.
Calumniatory \Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry\, a.
Containing calumny; slanderous. --Montagu.
Calumnious \Ca*lum"ni*ous\, a. [L. calumniosus.]
Containing or implying calumny; false, malicious, and
injurious to reputation; slanderous; as, calumnious reports.
Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes. --Shak.
Syn: . Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious;
derogatory; libelous; abusive. -- {Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly},
adv. -- {Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness}, n.
Calumny \Cal"um*ny\, n.; pl. {Calumnies}. [L. calumnia, fr.
calvi to devise tricks, deceive; cf. F. calomnie. Cf.
{Challenge}, n.]
False accusation of a crime or offense, maliciously made or
reported, to the injury of another; malicious
misrepresentation; slander; detraction. ``Infamous
calumnies.'' --Motley.
Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt
not escape calumny. --Shak.
Calvaria \Cal*va"ri*a\ (k[a^]l*v[=a]"r[i^]*[.a]), n. [L. See
{Calvary}.] (Anat.)
The bones of the cranium; more especially, the bones of the
domelike upper portion.
Calvary \Cal"va*ry\ (k[a^]l"v[.a]*r[y^]), n. [L. calvaria a bare
skull, fr. calva the scalp without hair. fr. calvus bald; cf.
F. calvaire.]
1. The place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill
outside of Jerusalem. --Luke xxiii. 33.
Note: The Latin calvaria is a translation of the Greek
krani`on of the Evangelists, which is an interpretation
of the Hebrew Golgotha. --Dr. W. Smith.
2. A representation of the crucifixion, consisting of three
crosses with the figures of Christ and the thieves, often
as large as life, and sometimes surrounded by figures of
other personages who were present at the crucifixion.
3. (Her.) A cross, set upon three steps; -- more properly
called {cross calvary}.
Calve \Calve\ (k[aum]v), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Calved} 3; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Calving}.] [AS. cealfian. See {Calf}.]
1. To bring forth a calf. ``Their cow calveth.'' --Job xxi.
10.
2. To bring forth young; to produce offspring.
Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve? --Job
xxxix. 1.
The grassy clods now calved. --Molton.
Calver \Cal"ver\ (k[a^]l"v[~e]r), v. i.
1. To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon. [Obs.]
For a change, leave calvered salmon and eat sprats.
--Massinger.
2. To crimp; as, calvered salmon. --Nares.
Calver \Cal"ver\, v. i.
To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered; as, grayling's
flesh will calver. --Catton.
Calvessnout \Calves"*snout\, n. (Bot.)
Snapdragon.
Calvinism \Cal"vin*ism\, n. [Cf. F. Calvinisme.]
The theological tenets or doctrines of John Calvin (a French
theologian and reformer of the 16th century) and his
followers, or of the so-called calvinistic churches.
Note: The distinguishing doctrines of this system, usually
termed the five points of Calvinism, are original sin
or total depravity, election or predestination,
particular redemption, effectual calling, and the
perseverance of the saints. It has been subject to many
variations and modifications in different churches and
at various times.
Calvinist \Cal"vin*ist\, n. [Cf. F. Calviniste.]
A follower of Calvin; a believer in Calvinism.
Calvinistic \Cal`vin*is"tic\, Calvinistical \Cal`vin*is"tic*al\,
a.
Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin;
accepting or Teaching Calvinism. ``Calvinistic training.''
--Lowell.
Calvinize \Cal"vin*ize\, v. t.
To convert to Calvinism.
Calvish \Calv"ish\, a.
Like a calf; stupid. --Sheldon.
Calx \Calx\, n.; pl. E. {Calxes}, L. {Calces}. [L. Calx, calcis.
limestone; cf. Gr. ? gravel. ?, ?, pebble, Skr. ? gravel, Ir.
carraic rock Gael. carraig, W. careg, stone. Cf. {Chalk}.]
1. (Chem.)
(a) Quicklime. [Obs.]
(b) The substance which remains when a metal or mineral
has been subjected to calcination or combustion by
heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine
powder.
Note: Metallic calxes are now called oxides.
2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to the post.
Calycifloral \Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral\, callyciflorous
\cal*lyc`i*flo"rous\, a. [L. calyx, -ycis, calyx + flos, floris,
flower.] (Bot.)
Having the petals and stamens adnate to the calyx; -- applied
to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants in the system of the
French botanist Candolle.
Calyciform \Ca*lyc"i*form\, a. [L. calyx, calycis, calyx +
-form.] (Bot.)
Having the form or appearance of a calyx.
Calycinal \Ca*lyc"i*nal\, Calycine \Cal"y*cine\, a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to a calyx; having the nature of a calyx.
Calycle \Cal"y*cle\, n. [L. calyculus small flower bud, calyx,
dim. of calyx. See {Calyx}, and cf. {Calicle}.] (Bot.)
A row of small bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the
outside.
Calycled \Cal"y*cled\, a. (Bot.)
Calyculate.
Calycozoa \Cal`y*co*zo"a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, cup or
calyx a flower + ? animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of acalephs of which Lucernaria is the type. The body
is cup-shaped with eight marginal lobes bearing clavate
tentacles. An aboral sucker serves for attachment. The
interior is divided into four large compartments. See
{Lucernarida}.
Calycular \Ca*lyc"u*lar\, a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts of a calycle.
Calyculate \Ca*lyc"u*late\, Calyculated \Ca*lyc"u*la`ted\, a.
(Bot.)
Having a set of bracts resembling a calyx.
Calymene \Ca*lym"e*ne\, n. [Gr. (?) concealed, p. p. of ? to
conceal.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian age.
Calyon \Cal"yon\, n.
Flint or pebble stone, used in building walls, etc.
--Haliwell.
Calypso \Ca*lyp"so\ (k[.a]*l[i^]p"s[-o]), n. [The Latinized
Greek name of a beautiful nymph.] (Bot.)
A small and beautiful species of orchid, having a flower
variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It grows in cold
and wet localities in the northern part of the United States.
The {Calypso borealis} is the only orchid which reaches
68[deg] N.
Calyptra \Ca*lyp"tra\ (k[.a]*l[i^]p"tr[.a]), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
kaly`ptra a covering for the head, fr. kaly`ptein to cover.]
(Bot.)
A little hood or veil, resembling an extinguisher in form and
position, covering each of the small flasklike capsules which
contain the spores of mosses; also, any similar covering
body.
Calyptriform \Ca*lyp"tri*form\, a. [Calyptra + -form.]
Having the form a calyptra, or extinguisher.
Calyx \Ca"lyx\, n.; pl. E. {Calyxes}, L. {Calyces}. [L. calyx,
-ycis, fr. Gr. ? husk, shell, calyx, from the root of ? to
cover, conceal. Cf. {Chalice Helmet}.]
1. (Bot.) The covering of a flower. See {Flower}.
Note: The calyx is usually green and foliaceous, but becomes
delicate and petaloid in such flowers as the anemone
and the four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is called
a sepal.
2. (Anat.) A cuplike division of the pelvis of the kidney,
which surrounds one or more of the renal papill[ae].
Calzoons \Cal*zoons"\ (k[a^]l*z[=oo]nz"), n. pl. [F. cale[,c]ons
(cf. It. calzoni breeches), fr. L. calceus shoe.]
Drawers. [Obs.]
Cam \Cam\ (k[a^]m), n. [Dan. kam comb, ridge; or cf. W., Gael.,
and Ir., cam bent. See 1st {Comb}.]
1. (Med.)
(a) A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its
periphery or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts
variable or intermittent motion to, or receives such
motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into
sliding or rolling contact with it.
(b) A curved wedge, movable about an axis, used for
forcing or clamping two pieces together.
(c) A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so
shaped as to give alternate or variable motion to
another piece against which it acts.
Note: Cams are much used in machinery involving complicated,
and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine, pin
machine, etc.
2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow. Eng.] --Wright.
{Cam wheel} (Mach.), a wheel with one or more projections
(cams) or depressions upon its periphery or upon its face;
one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that its
revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or
intermittent motion.
Cam \Cam\, a. [See {Kam}.]
Crooked. [Obs.]
Camaieu \Ca*ma"ieu\, n. [F.; of unknown origin. Cf. {Cameo}.]
1. A cameo. [Obs.] --Crabb.
2. (Fine Arts) Painting in shades of one color; monochrome.
--Mollett.
Camail \Ca*mail"\, n. [F. camail (cf. It. camaglio), fr. L.
caput head + source of E. mail.]
1. (Ancient Armor) A neck guard of chain mall, hanging from
the bascinet or other headpiece.
2. A hood of other material than mail; esp. (Eccl.), a hood
worn in church services, -- the amice, or the like.
Camarasaurus \Cam`a*ra*sau"rus\, n. [NL. fr. Gr. ? a vaulted
chamber + ? lizard.] (Paleon.)
A genus of gigantic American Jurassic dinosaurs, having large
cavities in the bodies of the dorsal vertebr[ae].
Camarilla \Ca`ma*ril"la\, n. [Sp., a small room.]
1. The private audience chamber of a king.
2. A company of secret and irresponsible advisers, as of a
king; a cabal or clique.
Camass \Cam"ass\, n. [American Indian name.] (Bot.)
A blue-flowered liliaceous plant ({Camassia esculenta}) of
northwestern America, the bulbs of which are collected for
food by the Indians. [Written also {camas}, {cammas}, and
{quamash}.]
Note: The Eastern cammass is Camassia Fraseri.
Camber \Cam"ber\, n. [Of. cambre bent, curved; akin to F.
cambrer to vault, to bend, fr. L. camerare to arch over, fr.
camera vault, arch. See {Chamber}, and cf. {Camerate}.]
1. (Shipbuilding) An upward convexity of a deck or other
surface; as, she has a high camber (said of a vessel
having an unusual convexity of deck).
2. (Arch.) An upward concavity in the under side of a beam,
girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a
straight arch. See {Hogback}.
{Camber arch} (Arch.), an arch whose intrados, though
apparently straight, has a slightly concave curve upward.
{Camber beam} (Arch.), a beam whose under side has a concave
curve upward.
Camber \Cam"ber\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cambered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cambering}.]
To cut bend to an upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with
an upward curve.
Camber \Cam"ber\, v. i.
To curve upward.
Camberkeeled \Cam"ber*keeled\, a. (Naut.)
Having the keel arched upwards, but not actually hogged; --
said of a ship.
Cambial \Cam"bi*al\, a. [LL. cambialis, fr. cambiars. See
{Change}.]
Belonging to exchanges in commerce; of exchange. [R.]
Cambist \Cam"bist\, n. [F. cambiste, It. cambista, fr. L.
cambire to exchange. See {Change}.]
A banker; a money changer or broker; one who deals in bills
of exchange, or who is skilled in the science of exchange.
Cambistry \Cam"bist*ry\, n.
The science of exchange, weight, measures, etc.
Cambium \Cam"bi*um\, n. [LL. cambium exchange, fr. L. cambire to
exchange. It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into
wood.]
1. (Bot.) A series of formative cells lying outside of the
wood proper and inside of the inner bark. The growth of
new wood takes place in the cambium, which is very soft.
2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to
originate in the blood, to repair losses of the system,
and to promote its increase. --Dunglison.
Camblet \Cam"blet\, n.
See {Camlet}.
Camboge \Cam*boge"\, n.
See {Gamboge}.
Camboose \Cam*boose"\, n. (Naut.)
See {Caboose}.
Cambrasine \Cam"bra*sine\, n.
A kind of linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named from its
resemblance to cambric.
Cambrel \Cam"brel\, n.
See {Gambrel}, n., 2. --Wright.
Cambria \Cam"bri*a\, n.
The ancient Latin name of Wales. It is used by modern poets.
Cambrian \Cam"bri*an\, a.
1. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest subdivision of the
rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age; -- sometimes
described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named from
its development in Cambria or Wales. See the Diagram under
{Geology}.
Cambrian \Cam"bri*an\, n.
1. A native of Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) The Cambrian formation.
Cambric \Cam"bric\, n. [OE. camerike, fr. Cambrai (Flemish
Kamerik), a city of France (formerly of Flanders), where it
was first made.]
1. A fine, thin, and white fabric made of flax or linen.
He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; .
. . inkles, caddises, cambrics, lawns. --Shak.
2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of fine,
hardspun cotton, often with figures of various colors; --
also called {cotton cambric}, and {cambric muslin}.
Cambro-Briton \Cam"bro-Brit"on\, n.
A Welshman.
Came \Came\,
imp. of {Come}.
Came \Came\, n. [Cf. Scot. came, caim, comb, and OE. camet
silver.]
A slender rod of cast lead, with or without grooves, used, in
casements and stained-glass windows, to hold together the
panes or pieces of glass.
Camel \Cam"el\, n. [Oe. camel, chamel, OF. camel, chamel, F.
chameau L. camelus, fr. Gr. ?; of Semitic origin; cf. Heb.
g[=a]m[=a]l, Ar. jamal. Cf. As. camel, fr. L. camelus.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for
carrying burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable
for its ability to go a long time without drinking. Its
hoofs are small, and situated at the extremities of the
toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the callous.
The dromedary ({Camelus dromedarius}) has one bunch on the
back, while the Bactrian camel ({C. Bactrianus}) has two.
The llama, alpaca, and vicu[~n]a, of South America, belong
to a related genus ({Auchenia}).
2. (Naut.) A water-tight structure (as a large box or boxes)
used to assist a vessel in passing over a shoal or bar or
in navigating shallow water. By admitting water, the camel
or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the sides
of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel
is lifted.
{Camel bird} (Zo["o]l.), the ostrich.
{Camel locust} (Zo["o]l.), the mantis.
{Camel's thorn} (Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub ({Alhagi
maurorum}) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a
sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called manna.
Camel-backed \Cam"el-backed`\, a.
Having a back like a camel; humpbacked. --Fuller.
Cameleon \Ca*me"le*on\, n.
See {Chaceleon}. [Obs.]
Camellia \Ca*mel"li*a\, n. [NL.; -- named after Kamel, a Jesuit
who is said to have brought it from the East.] (Bot.)
An Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves
and showy flowers. {Camellia Japonica} is much cultivated for
ornament, and {C. Sassanqua} and {C. oleifera} are grown in
China for the oil which is pressed from their seeds. The tea
plant is now referred to this genus under the name of
{Camellia Thea}.
Camelopard \Ca*mel"o*pard\, n. [LL. camelopardus, L.
camelopardalus, camelopardalis, fr. Gr. ?; ? a camel + ?
pard, leopard: cf. F. cam['e]lopard. The camelopard has a
neck and head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See
{Camel}, and {Pard}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An African ruminant; the giraffe. See {Giraffe}.
Camelot \Came"lot\, n.
See {Camelet}. [Obs.]
Camelshair \Cam"els*hair`\, a.
Of camel's hair.
{Camel's-hair pencil}, a small brush used by painters in
water colors, made of camel's hair or similar materials.
{Camel's-hair shawl}. A name often given to a {cashmere
shawl}. See {Cashmere shawl} under {Cashmere}.
Cameo \Cam"e*o\, n.; pl. {Cameos}. [It cammeo; akin to F.
cam['e]e, cama["i]eu, Sp. camafeo, LL. camaeus, camahutus; of
unknown origin.]
A carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a
jewel for personal adornment, or like.
Note: Most cameos are carved in a material which has layers
of different colors, such stones as the onyx and
sardonyx, and various kinds of shells, being used.
{Cameo conch} (Zo["o]l.), a large, marine, univalve shell,
esp. {Cassis cameo}, {C. rua}, and allied species, used
for cutting cameos. See {Quern conch}.
Camera \Cam"e*ra\, n.; pl. E. {Cameras}, L. {Camerae}. [L.
vault, arch, LL., chamber. See {Chamber}.]
A chamber, or instrument having a chamber. Specifically: The
{camera obscura} when used in photography. See {Camera}, and
{Camera obscura}.
{Bellows camera}. See under {Bellows}.
{In camera} (Law), in a judge's chamber, that is, privately;
as, a judge hears testimony which is not fit for the open
court in camera.
{Panoramic}, or {Pantascopic}, {camera}, a photographic
camera in which the lens and sensitized plate revolve so
as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively to
the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical
slit; -- used in photographing broad landscapes. --Abney.
Camerade \Came"rade\, n.
See {Comrade}. [Obs.]
Cameralistic \Cam`e*ra*lis"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to finance and public revenue.
Cameralistics \Cam`e*ra*lis"tics\, n. [Cf. F. cam['e]ralistique,
G. kameralistik, fr. L. camera vault, LL., chamber,
treasury.]
The science of finance or public revenue.
Camera lucida \Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da\ [L. camera chamber + L.
lucidus, lucida, lucid, light.] (Opt.)
An instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form,
or an arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an
external object or objects to appear as if projected upon a
plane surface, as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines
may conveniently traced. It is generally used with the
microscope.
Camera obscura \Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra\ [LL. camera chamber + L.
obscurus, obscura, dark.] (Opt.)
1. An apparatus in which the images of external objects,
formed by a convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on
a paper or other white surface placed in the focus of the
lens or mirror within a darkened chamber, or box, so that
the outlines may be traced.
2. (Photog.) An apparatus in which the image of an external
object or objects is, by means of lenses, thrown upon a
sensitized plate or surface placed at the back of an
extensible darkened box or chamber variously modified; --
commonly called simply {the camera}.
Camerate \Cam"er*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Camerated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Camerzting}.] [L. cameratus, p. p. of camerare. See
{Camber}.]
1. To build in the form of a vault; to arch over.
2. To divide into chambers.
Cameration \Cam`er*a"tion\, n. [L. cameratio.]
A vaulting or arching over. [R.]
Camerlingo \Ca`mer*lin"go\, n. [It.]
The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who presides over the
pope's household. He has at times possessed great power.
[Written also {camerlengo} and {camarlengo}.]
Cameronian \Cam`e*ro"ni*an\, n.
A follower of the Rev. Richard Cameron, a Scotch Covenanter
of the time of Charles II.
Note: Cameron and others refused to accept the ``indulgence``
offered the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on the Solemn
league and Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II.
deposed for tyranny, breach of faith, etc. Cameron was
killed at the battle of Airdmoss, but his followers
became a denomination (afterwards called Reformed
Presbyterians) who refused to recognize laws or
institutions which they believed contrary to the
kingdom of Christ, but who now avail themselves of
political rights.
Camis \Cam"is\ (k[a^]m"[i^]s), n. [See {Chemise}.]
A light, loose dress or robe. [Also written {camus}.] [Obs.]
All in a camis light of purple silk. --Spenser.
Camisade \Cam`i*sade"\, Camisado \Cam`i*sa"do\, n. [F. camisade
a night attack; cf. It. camiciata. See {Camis}.] [Obs.]
(Mil.)
(a) A shirt worn by soldiers over their uniform, in order to
be able to recognize one another in a night attack.
(b) An attack by surprise by soldiers wearing the camisado.
Give them a camisado in night season. --Holinshed.
Camisard \Cam"i*sard\, n. [F.]
One of the French Protestant insurgents who rebelled against
Louis XIV, after the revocation of the edict of Nates; -- so
called from the peasant's smock (camise) which they wore.
Camisated \Cam"i*sa`ted\, a.
Dressed with a shirt over the other garments.
Camisole \Cam"i*sole\, n. [F. See {chemise}.]
1. A short dressing jacket for women.
2. A kind of straitjacket.
Camlet \Cam"let\, n. [F. camelot (akin to Sp. camelote,
chamelote, It. cambellbito, ciambellotto, LL. camelotum,
camelinum, fr. Ar. khamlat camlet, fr. kaml pile, plush. The
word was early confused with camel, camel's hair also being
used in making it. Cf. {Calamanco}]
A woven fabric originally made of camel's hair, now chiefly
of goat's hair and silk, or of wool and cotton. [Sometimes
written {camelot} and {camblet}.]
Note: They have been made plain and twilled, of single warp
and weft, of double warp, and sometimes with double
weft also, with thicker yarn. --Beck (Draper's Dict. )
Camleted \Cam"let*ed\, a.
Wavy or undulating like camlet; veined. --Sir T. Herbert.
Cammas \Cam"mas\, n. (Bot.)
See {Camass}.
Cammock \Cam"mock\, n. [AS. cammoc.] (Bot.)
A plant having long hard, crooked roots, the {Ononis
spinosa}; -- called also {rest-harrow}. The {Scandix
Pecten-Veneris} is also called cammock.
Camomile \Cam"o*mile\, Chamomile \Cham"o*mile\, n.[LL.
camonilla, corrupted fr. Gr. ?, lit. earth apple, being so
called from the smell of its flower. See {Humble}, and
{Melon}.] (Bot.)
A genus of herbs ({Anthemis}) of the Composite family. The
common camomile, {A. nobilis}, is used as a popular remedy.
Its flowers have a strong and fragrant and a bitter, aromatic
taste. They are tonic, febrifugal, and in large doses emetic,
and the volatile oil is carminative.
Camonflet \Ca*mon"flet\, n. [F.] (Mil.)
A small mine, sometimes formed in the wall or side of an
enemy's gallery, to blow in the earth and cut off the retreat
of the miners. --Farrow.
Camous \Ca"mous\, Camoys \Ca"moys\, a. [F. camus (equiv. to
camard) flat-nosed, fr. Celtic Cam croked + suff. -us; akin
to L. camur, camurus, croked.]
Flat; depressed; crooked; -- said only of the nose. [Obs.]
Camoused \Ca"moused\,, a. [From {Camouse}]
Depressed; flattened. [Obs.]
Though my nose be cammoused. --B. Jonson
Camously \Ca"mous*ly\, adv.
Awry. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Camp \Camp\, n. [F. camp, It. campo, fr. L. campus plant, field;
akin to Gr. ? garden. Cf. {Campaing}, {Champ}, n.]
1. The ground or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected
for shelter, as for an army or for lumbermen, etc. --Shzk.
2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter, commonly
arranged in an orderly manner.
Forming a camp in the neighborhood of Boston. --W.
Irving.
3. A single hut or shelter; as, a hunter's camp.
4. The company or body of persons encamped, as of soldiers,
of surveyors, of lumbermen, etc.
The camp broke up with the confusion of a flight.
--Macaulay.
5. (Agric.) A mound of earth in which potatoes and other
vegetables are stored for protection against frost; --
called also {burrow} and {pie}. [Prov. Eng.]
6. [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle. See {champion}.] An
ancient game of football, played in some parts of England.
--Halliwell.
{Camp bedstead}, a light bedstead that can be folded up onto
a small space for easy transportation.
{camp ceiling} (Arch.), a kind ceiling often used in attics
or garrets, in which the side walls are inclined inward at
the top, following the slope of the rafters, to meet the
plane surface of the upper ceiling.
{Camp chair}, a light chair that can be folded up compactly
for easy transportation; the seat and back are often made
of strips or pieces of carpet.
{Camp fever}, typhus fever.
{Camp follower}, a civilian accompanying an army, as a
sutler, servant, etc.
{Camp meeting}, a religious gathering for open-air preaching,
held in some retired spot, chiefly by Methodists. It
usually last for several days, during which those present
lodge in tents, temporary houses, or cottages.
{Camp stool}, the same as {camp chair}, except that the stool
has no back.
{Flying camp} (Mil.), a camp or body of troops formed for
rapid motion from one place to another. --Farrow.
{To pitch (a) camp}, to set up the tents or huts of a camp.
{To strike camp}, to take down the tents or huts of a camp.
Camp \Camp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Camped}; p. pr. & vb n.
{Camping}.]
To afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.
Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host, we
all would sup together. --Shak.
.gt.
Camp \Camp\, v. i.
1. To pitch or prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp;
-- often with out.
They camped out at night, under the stars. --W.
Irving.
2. [See {Camp}, n., 6] To play the game called camp. [Prov.
Eng.] --Tusser.
Campagna \Cam*pa"gna\, n. [It. See {Campaing}.]
An open level tract of country; especially ``Campagna di
Roma.'' The extensive undulating plain which surrounds Rome.
Note: Its length is commonly stated to be about ninety miles,
and its breadth from twenty-seven to forty miles. The
ground is almost entirely volcanic, and vapors which
arise from the district produce malaria.
Campagnol \Cam`pa`gnol"\, n. [F., fr. campagne field.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A mouse ({Arvicala agrestis}), called also {meadow mouse},
which often does great damage in fields and gardens, by
feeding on roots and seeds.
Campaign \Cam*paign"\, n. [F. campagne, It. campagna, fr. L.
Campania the level country about Naples, fr. campus field.
See {Camp}, and cf. {Champaign}, {Champagne}.]
1. An open field; a large, open plain without considerable
hills. See{Champaign}. --Grath.
2. (Mil.) A connected series of military operations forming a
distinct stage in a war; the time during which an army
keeps the field. --Wilhelm.
3. Political operations preceding an election; a canvass.
[Cant, U. S.]
4. (Metal.) The period during which a blast furnace is
continuously in operation.
Campaign \Cam*paign"\, v. i.
To serve in a campaign.
Campaigner \Cam*paign"er\, n.
One who has served in an army in several campaigns; an old
soldier; a veteran.
Campana \Cam*pa"na\, n. [LL. campana bell. Cf. {Campanle}.]
1. (Eccl.) A church bell.
2. (Bot.) The pasque flower. --Drayton.
3. (Doric Arch.) Same as {Gutta}.
Campaned \Cam*paned"\, a. (Her.)
Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or bells.
Campanero \Cam`pa*ne"ro\, n. [Sp., a bellman.] (Zo["o]l.)
The bellbird of South America. See {Bellbird}.
Campanes \Cam*panes"\, n. pl. [See Campana.] (Her.)
Bells. [R.]
Campania \Cam*pa"ni*a\, n. [See {Campaig}.]
Open country. --Sir W. Temple.
Campaniform \Cam*pan"i*form\, a. [LL. campana bell + -form: cf.
F. companiforme.]
Bell-shaped.
Campanile \Cam`pa*ni"le\, n. [It. campanile bell tower, steeple,
fr. It. & LL. campana bell.] (Arch.)
A bell tower, esp. one built separate from a church.
Many of the campaniles od Italy are lofty and
magnificent atructures. --Swift.
Campaniliform \Cam`pa*nil"i*form\, a. [See {Campaniform}.]
Bell-shaped; campanulate; campaniform.
Campanologist \Cam`pa*nol"o*gist\, n.
One skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.
Campanology \Cam`pa*nol"o*gy\, n. [LL. campana bell + -logy.]
The art of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art.
Campanula \Cam*pan"u*la\, n. [LL. campanula a little bell; dim.
of campana bell.] (Bot.)
A large genus of plants bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of
great beauty; -- also called {bellflower}.
Campanulaceous \Cam*pan`u*la"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants
({Camponulace[ae]}) of which Campanula is the type, and which
includes the Canterbury bell, the harebell, and the Venus's
looking-glass.
Campanularian \Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an\, n. [L. campanula a bell.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A hydroid of the family {ampanularid[ae]}, characterized by
having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles
or hydrothec[ae].
Campanulate \Cam*pan"u*late\, a. (Bot.)
Bell-shaped.
Campbellite \Camp"bell*ite\, n. [From Alexander Campbell, of
Virginia.] (Eccl.)
A member of the denomination called Christians or Disciples
of Christ. They themselves repudiate the term Campbellite as
a nickname. See {Christian}, {3}.
Campeachy Wood \Cam*peach"y Wood`\ [From the bay of Campeachy,
in Mexico.]
Logwood.
Camper \Camp"er\, n.
One who lodges temporarily in a hut or camp.
Campestral \Cam*pes"tral\, Campestrian \Cam*pes"tri*an\, a. [L.
campester, fr. campus field.]
Relating to an open fields; drowing in a field; growing in a
field, or open ground.
Camptight \Camp"tight`\, n. [Cf. {Camp}, n., 6.] (O. Eng. Law.)
A duel; the decision of a case by a duel.
Camphene \Cam"phene\, n. (Chem.)
One of a series of substances {C10H16}, resembling camphor,
regarded as modified terpenes.
Camphine \Cam*phine"\, n. [From {Camphor}.]
Rectified oil of turpentine, used for burning in lamps, and
as a common solvent in varnishes.
Note: The name is also applied to a mixture of this substance
with three times its volume of alcohol and sometimes a
little ether, used as an illuminant.
Camphire \Cam"phire\, n.
An old spelling of {Camphor}.
Camphogen \Cam"pho*gen\, n. [Camphor + -gen: -- formerly so
called as derived from camphor: cf. F. camphog[`e]ne.]
(Chem.)
See {Cymene}.
Camphol \Cam"phol\, n. [Camphol + -ol.] (Chem.)
See {Borneol}.
Camphor \Cam"phor\, n. [OE. camfere, F. camphre (cf. It.
camfara, Sp. camfara, alcanfor, LL. camfora, camphara, NGr.
?), fr. Ar. k[=a]f[=u]r, prob. fr. Skr. karp[=u]ra.]
1. A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from
different species of the {Laurus} family, esp. from
{Cinnamomum camphara} (the {Laurus camphara} of
Linn[ae]us.). Camphor, {C10H16O}, is volatile and
fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a
stimulant, or sedative.
2. A gum resembling ordinary camphor, obtained from a tree
({Dryobalanops camphora}) growing in Sumatra and Borneo;
-- called also {Malay camphor}, {camphor of Borneo}, or
{borneol}. See {Borneol}.
Note: The name camphor is also applied to a number of bodies
of similar appearance and properties, as {cedar
camphor}, obtained from the red or pencil cedar
({Juniperus Virginiana}), and {peppermint camphor}, or
{menthol}, obtained from the oil of peppermint.
{Camphor oil} (Chem.), name variously given to certain
oil-like products, obtained especially from the camphor
tree.
{Camphor tree}, a large evergreen tree ({Cinnamomum
Camphora}) with lax, smooth branches and shining
triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably native in China,
but now cultivated in most warm countries. Camphor is
collected by a process of steaming the chips of the wood
and subliming the product.
Camphor \Cam"phor\, v. t.
To impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate. [R.]
--Tatler.
Camphoraceous \Cam`pho*ra"ceous\, a.
Of the nature of camphor; containing camphor. --Dunglison.
Camphorate \Cam"phor*ate\, v. t.
To impregnate or treat with camphor.
Camphorate \Cam"phor*ate\, n. [Cf. F. camphorate.] (Chem.)
A salt of camphoric acid.
Camphorate \Cam"phor*ate\, Camporated \Cam"por*a`ted\,
Combined or impregnated with camphor.
{Camphorated oil}, an oleaginous preparation containing
camphor, much used as an embrocation.
Camphoric \Cam*phor"ic\, a. [Cf. F. camphorique.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, camphor.
{Camphoric acid}, a white crystallizable substance,
{C10H16O4}, obtained from the oxidation of camphor.
Note: Other acid of camphor are campholic acid, {C10H18O2},
and camphoronic acid, {C9H12O5}, white crystallizable
substances.
Camphretic \Cam*phret"ic\, a. [rom {Camphor}.]
Pertaining to, or derived from camphor. [R.]
Camping \Camp"ing\, n.
1. Lodging in a camp.
2. [See {Camp}, n., 6] A game of football. [Prov. Eng.]
Campion \Cam"pi*on\, n. [Prob. fr. L. campus field.] (Bot.)
A plant of the Pink family ({Cucubalus bacciferus}), bearing
berries regarded as poisonous.
{Bladder campion}, a plant of the Pink family ({Cucubalus
Behen} or {Silene inflata}), having a much inflated calyx.
See {Behen}.
{Rose campion}, a garden plant ({Lychnis coronaria}) with
handsome crimson flowers.
Campus \Cam"pus\, n. [L., a field.]
The principal grounds of a college or school, between the
buildings or within the main inclosure; as, the college
campus.
Campylospermous \Cam`py*lo*sper"mous\, a. [Gr. ? curved + ?
seed.] (Bot.)
Having seeds grooved lengthwise on the inner face, as in
sweet cicely.
Campylotropous \Cam`py*lot"ro*pous\, a. [Gr. ? curved + ? a
turning.] (Bot.)
Having the ovules and seeds so curved, or bent down upon
themselves, that the ends of the embryo are brought close
together.
Camus \Cam"us\, n.
See {Camis}. [Obs.]
Camwood \Cam"wood\, n.
See {Barwood}.
Can \Can\,
an obs. form of began, imp. & p. p. of {Begin}, sometimes
used in old poetry.
Note: [See {Gan}.]
With gentle words he can faile gree. --Spenser.
Can \Can\, n. [OE. & AS. canne; akin to D. Kan, G. Kanne, OHG.
channa, Sw. Kanna, Dan. kande.]
1. A drinking cup; a vessel for holding liquids. --[Shak. ]
Fill the cup and fill can, Have a rouse before the
morn. --Tennyson.
2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet metal, of
various forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a can of
tomatoes; an oil can; a milk can.
Note: A can may be a cylinder open at the top, as for
receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a
removable cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices,
milk, oysters, etc., or with handle and spout, as for
holding oil, or hermetically sealed, in canning meats,
fruits, etc. The name is also sometimes given to the
small glass or earthenware jar used in canning.
Can \Can\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Canned}; p. pr. &vb. n.
{Canning}.]
To preserve by putting in sealed cans [U. S.] ``Canned
meats'' --W. D. Howells.
{Canned goods}, a general name for fruit, vegetables, meat,
or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed cans.
Can \Can\, v. t. & i.
Note: [The transitive use is obsolete.] [imp. {Could}.] [OE.
cunnen, cannen (1st sing. pres. I can), to know, know
how, be able, AS. cunnan, 1st sing. pres. ic cann or
can, pl. cunnon, 1st sing. imp. c[=u][eth]e (for
cun[eth]e); p. p. c[=u][eth] (for cun[eth]); akin to
OS. Kunnan, D. Kunnen, OHG. chunnan, G. k["o]nnen,
Icel. kunna, Goth. Kunnan, and E. ken to know. The
present tense I can (AS. ic cann) was originally a
preterit, meaning I have known or Learned, and hence I
know, know how. [root]45. See {Ken}, {Know}; cf. {Con},
{Cunning}, {Uncouth}.]
1. To know; to understand. [Obs.]
I can rimes of Rodin Hood. --Piers
Plowman.
I can no Latin, quod she. --Piers
Plowman.
Let the priest in surplice white, That defunctive
music can. --Shak.
2. To be able to do; to have power or influence. [Obs.]
The will of Him who all things can. --Milton.
For what, alas, can these my single arms? --Shak.
M[ae]c[ae]nas and Agrippa, who can most with
C[ae]sar. --Beau. & Fl.
3. To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without to; as, I
can go, but do not wish to.
Syn: {Can but}, {Can not but}. It is an error to use the
former of these phrases where the sens requires the
latter. If we say, ``I can but perish if I go,'' ``But''
means only, and denotes that this is all or the worst
that can happen. When the apostle Peter said. ``We can
not but speak of the things which we have seen and
heard.'' he referred to a moral constraint or necessety
which rested upon him and his associates; and the
meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot refrain
from speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or
constraint is of frequent occurrence, and is also
expressed in the phrase, ``I can not help it.'' Thus we
say. ``I can not but hope,'' ``I can not but believe,''
``I can not but think,'' ``I can not but remark,'' etc.,
in cases in which it would be an error to use the phrase
can but.
Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself that
there was something calculated to impress awe, . .
. in the sudden appearances and vanishings . . .
of the masque --De Quincey.
Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and could
not but understand it as a left-handed hit at his
employer. --Dickens.
Canaanite \Ca"naan*ite\, n.
1. A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of
Noah.
2. A Native or inhabitant of the land of Canaan, esp. a
member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the
time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.
Canaanite \Ca"naan*ite\, n. [From an Aramaic word signifying
``zeal.'']
A zealot. ``Simon the Canaanite.'' --Matt. x. 4.
Note: This was the ``Simon called Zelotes'' (--Luke vi. 15),
i.e., Simon the zealot. --Kitto.
Canaanitish \Ca"naan*i`tish\, a.
Of or pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites.
Canada \Ca*[~n]a"da\, n. [Sp.]
A small ca[~n]on; a narrow valley or glen; also, but less
frequently, an open valley. [Local, Western U. S.]
Canada \Can"a*da\, n.
A British province in North America, giving its name to
various plants and animals.
{Canada balsam}. See under {Balsam}.
{Canada goose}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Wild goose}.
{Canada jay}. See {Whisky Jack}.
{Canada lynx}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Lynx}.
{Canada porcupine} (Zo["o]l.) See {Porcupine}, and {Urson}.
{Canada rice} (Bot.) See under {Rick}.
{Canada robin} (Zo["o]l.), the cedar bird.
Canadian \Ca*na"di*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Canada. -- n. A native or inhabitant of
Canada.
{Canadian period} (Geol.), A subdivision of the American
Lower Silurian system embracing the calciferous, Quebec,
and Chazy epochs. This period immediately follows the
primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many geologists
regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the
Diagram, under {Geology}.
Canaille \Ca*naille"\, n. [F. canaille (cf. It. canaglia), prop.
and orig. a pack of dogs, fr. L. Canis dog.]
1. The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar.
2. Shorts or inferior flour. [Canadian]
Canakin \Can"a*kin\, n. [Dim. of can.]
A little can or cup. ``And let me the canakin clink.''
--Shak.
Canal \Ca*nal"\, n. [F. canal, from L. canalis canal, channel;
prob. from a root signifying ``to cut''; cf. D. kanaal, fr.
the French. Cf. {Channel}, {Kennel} gutter.]
1. An artificial channel filled with water and designed for
navigation, or for irrigating land, etc.
2. (Anat.) A tube or duct; as, the alimentary canal; the
semicircular canals of the ear.
{Canal boat}, a boat for use on a canal; esp. one of peculiar
shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses walking on
the towpath beside the canal.
{Canal lock}. See {Lock}.
Canal coal \Can"al coal`\
See {Cannel coal}.
Canaliculate \Can`a*lic"u*late\, Canaliculated
\Can`a*lic"u*la`ted\, a. [L. canaliculatus channeled, fr.
canaliculus, dim. of canalis. See {Canal}.]
Having a channel or groove, as in the leafstalks of most
palms.
Canaliculus \Can`a*lic"u*lus\, n.; pl. {Canaliculi}. [L.]
(Anat.)
A minute canal.
Canalization \Ca*nal`i*za"tion\, n.
Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or canals. [R.]
Canard \Ca*nard"\, n. [F., properly, a duck.]
An extravagant or absurd report or story; a fabricated
sensational report or statement; esp. one set afloat in the
newspapers to hoax the public.
Canarese \Can`a*rese"\, a.
Pertaining to Canara, a district of British India.
Canary \Ca*na"ry\, a. [F. Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the
Canary islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr.
canis dog.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine;
canary birds.
2. Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone.
{Canary grass}, a grass of the genus {Phalaris} ({P.
Canariensis}), producing the seed used as food for canary
birds.
{Canary stone} (Min.), a yellow species of carnelian, named
from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary
bird.
{Canary wood}, the beautiful wood of the trees {Persea
Indica} and {P. Canariensis}, natives of Madeira and the
Canary Islands.
{Canary vine}. See {Canary bird flower}, under {Canary bird}.
Canary \Ca*na"ry\, n.; pl. {Canaries}.
1. Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack. ``A cup of
canary.'' --Shak.
2. A canary bird.
3. A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird.
4. A quick and lively dance. [Obs.]
Make you dance canary With sprightly fire and
motion. --Shak.
Canary \Ca*na"ry\, v. i.
To perform the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper. [Obs.]
But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, canary to it
with your feet. --Shak.
Canary bird \Ca*na"ry bird`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A small singing bird of the Finch family ({Serinus
Canarius}), a native of the Canary Islands. It was brought to
Europe in the 16th century, and made a household pet. It
generally has a yellowish body with the wings and tail
greenish, but in its wild state it is more frequently of gray
or brown color. It is sometimes called {canary finch}.
{Canary bird flower} (Bot.), a climbing plant ({Trop[ae]olum
peregrinum}) with canary-colored flowers of peculiar form;
-- called also {canary vine}.
Canaster \Ca*nas"ter\, n. [Sp. canasta, canastro, basket, fr. L.
canistrum. See {Canister}.]
A kind of tobacco for smoking, made of the dried leaves,
coarsely broken; -- so called from the rush baskets in which
it is packed in South America. --McElrath.
Can buoy \Can" buoy`\
See under {Buoy}, n.
Cancan \Can"can\, n. [F.]
A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or
extravagant postures and gestures.
Cancel \Can"cel\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Canceled} or {Cancelled};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Canceling} or {Cancelling}.] [L. cancellare
to make like a lattice, to strike or cross out (cf. Fr.
canceller, OF. canceler) fr. cancelli lattice, crossbars,
dim. of cancer lattice; cf. Gr. ? latticed gate. Cf.
{Chancel}.]
1. To inclose or surround, as with a railing, or with
latticework. [Obs.]
A little obscure place canceled in with iron work is
the pillar or stump at which . . . our Savior was
scourged. --Evelyn.
2. To shut out, as with a railing or with latticework; to
exclude. [Obs.] ``Canceled from heaven.'' --Milton.
3. To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing, or as a
word or figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out
or obliterate.
A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be
cancelled; that is, to have lines drawn over it in
the form of latticework or cancelli; though the
phrase is now used figuratively for any manner of
obliterating or defacing it. --Blackstone.
4. To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall.
The indentures were canceled. --Thackeray.
He was unwilling to cancel the interest created
through former secret services, by being refractory
on this occasion. --Sir W.
Scott.
5. (Print.) To suppress or omit; to strike out, as matter in
type.
{Canceled figures} (Print), figures cast with a line across
the face., as for use in arithmetics.
Syn: To blot out; obliterate; deface; erase; efface; expunge;
annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do
away; set aside. See {Abolish}.
Cancel \Can"cel\, n. [See {Cancel}, v. i., and cf. {Chancel}.]
1. An inclosure; a boundary; a limit. [Obs.]
A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of
serious thoughts, to a person whose spirit . . .
desires no enlargement beyond the cancels of the
body. --Jer. Taylor.
2. (Print)
(a) The suppression or striking out of matter in type, or
of a printed page or pages.
(b) The part thus suppressed.
Cancelier \Can`cel*ier"\, v. i. [F. chanceler, OF. canseler, to
waver, orig. to cross the legs so as not to fall; from the
same word as E. cancel.] (Falconry)
To turn in flight; -- said of a hawk. [Obs.] --Nares.
He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is forced To
cancelier. --Massinger.
Cancelier \Can`cel*ier"\, Canceleer \Can"cel*eer\, n. (Falconry)
The turn of a hawk upon the wing to recover herself, when she
misses her aim in the stoop. [Obs.]
The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from the
skies, Make sundry canceliers ere they the fowl can
reach. --Drayton.
Cancellarean \Can`cel*la"re*an\, a.
Cancellarean. [R.]
Cancellate \Can"cel*late\, a. [L. cancellatus, p. p. of
cancellare, See {Cancel}, v. t.]
1. (Bot.) Consisting of a network of veins, without
intermediate parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plants;
latticelike.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having the surface coveres with raised lines,
crossing at right angles.
Cancellated \Can"cel*la`ted\, a.
1. Crossbarred; marked with cross lines. --Grew.
2. (Anat.) Open or spongy, as some porous bones.
Cancellation \Can`cel*la"tion\, n. [L. cancellatio: cf. F.
cancellation.]
1. The act, process, or result of canceling; as, the
cansellation of certain words in a contract, or of the
contract itself.
2. (Math.) The operation of striking out common factors, in
both the dividend and divisor.
Cancelli \Can*cel"li\, n. pl. [L., a lattice. See {Cancel}, v.
t.]
1. An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure; latticework,
rails, or crossbars, as around the bar of a court of
justice, between the chancel and the nave of a church, or
in a window.
2. (Anat.) The interlacing osseous plates constituting the
elastic porous tissue of certain parts of the bones, esp.
in their articular extremities.
Cancellous \Can"cel*lous\, a. [Cf. L. cancellosus covered with
bars.] (Anat.)
Having a spongy or porous structure; made up of cancelli;
cancellated; as, the cancellous texture of parts of many
bones.
Cancer \Can"cer\, n. [L. cancer, cancri, crab, ulcer, a sign of
the zodiac; akin to Gr. karki`nos, Skr. karka[.t]a crab, and
prob. Skr. karkara hard, the crab being named from its hard
shell. Cf. {Canner}, {Chancre}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of decapod Crustacea, including some of
the most common shore crabs of Europe and North America,
as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See {Crab}.
2. (Astron.)
(a) The fourth of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The
first point is the northern limit of the sun's course
in summer; hence, the sign of the summer solstice. See
{Tropic}.
(b) A northern constellation between Gemini and Leo.
3. (Med.) Formerly, any malignant growth, esp. one attended
with great pain and ulceration, with cachexia and
progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps, from
the great veins which surround it, compared by the
ancients to the claws of a crab. The term is now
restricted to such a growth made up of aggregations of
epithelial cells, either without support or embedded in
the meshes of a trabecular framework.
Note: Four kinds of cancers are recognized: (1) {Epithelial
cancer, or Epithelioma}, in which there is no
trabecular framework. See {Epithelioma}. (2) {Scirrhous
cancer, or Hard cancer}, in which the framework
predominates, and the tumor is of hard consistence and
slow growth. (3) {Encephaloid, Medullary, or Soft
cancer}, in which the cellular element predominates,
and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy, and often
ulcerates. (4) {Colloid cancer}, in which the cancerous
structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties
are also called {carcinoma}.
{Cancer cells}, cells once believed to be peculiar to
cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells differing in
no respect from those found elsewhere in the body, and
distinguished only by peculiarity of location and
grouping.
{Cancer root} (Bot.), the name of several low plants, mostly
parasitic on roots, as the beech drops, the squawroot,
etc.
{Tropic of Cancer}. See {Tropic}.
Cancerate \Can"cer*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cancerated}.] [LL.
canceratus eaten by a cancer. See {Cancer}.]
To grow into a canser; to become cancerous. --Boyle.
Canceration \Can`cer*a"tion\, n.
The act or state of becoming cancerous or growing into a
cancer.
Cancerite \Can"cer*ite\, n. [Cf. F. canc['e]reux.]
Like a cancer; having the qualities or virulence of a cancer;
affected with cancer. ``Cancerous vices.'' --G. Eliot. --
{Can"cer*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Can"cer*ous*ness}, n.
Cancriform \Can"cri*form\, a. [Cancer + -form; cf. F.
cancriforme.]
1. Having the form of, or resembling, a crab; crab-shaped.
2. Like a cancer; cancerous.
Cancrine \Can"crine\, a. [From {Cancer}.]
Having the qualities of a crab; crablike.
Cancrinite \Can"cri*nite\, n. [Named after Count Cancrin, a
minister of finance in Russia.] (Min.)
A mineral occurring in hexagonal crystals, also massive,
generally of a yellow color, containing silica, alumina,
lime, soda, and carbon dioxide.
Cancroid \Can"croid\, a. [Cancer + oid.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Resembling a crab; pertaining to the
{Cancroidea}, one of the families of crabs, including the
genus {Cancer}.
2. Like a cancer; as, a cancroid tumor.
Cand \Cand\, n.
Fluor spar. See {Kand}.
Candelabrum \Can`de*la"brum\n.; pl. L. {Candelabra}, E.
{Candelabrums}. [L., fr. candela candle. See {candle}.]
1. (Antiq.)
(a) A lamp stand of any sort.
(b) A highly ornamented stand of marble or other ponderous
material, usually having three feet, -- frequently a
votive offering to a temple.
2. A large candlestick, having several branches.
Candent \Can`dent\, a. [L. candens, p. pr. of cand["e]re to
glitter. See {Candid}.]
Heated to whiteness; glowing with heat. ``A candent vessel.''
--Boyle.
Canderos \Can"de*ros\, n.
An East Indian resin, of a pellucid white color, from which
small ornaments and toys are sometimes made.
Candescence \Can*des"cence\, n.
See {Incandescence}.
Candicant \Can"di*cant\, a. [L. candicans, p. pr. of candicare
to be whitish.]
Growing white. [Obs.]
Candid \Can*did\ (k[a^]n"d[i^]d), a. [F. candide (cf. It.
candido), L. candidus white, fr. cand[=e]re to be of a
glowing white; akin to accend[e^]re, incend[e^]re, to set on
fire, Skr. chand to shine. Cf. {Candle}, {Incense}.]
1. White. [Obs.]
The box receives all black; but poured from thence,
The stones came candid forth, the hue of innocence.
--Dryden.
2. Free from undue bias; disposed to think and judge
according to truth and justice, or without partiality or
prejudice; fair; just; impartial; as, a candid opinion.
``Candid and dispassionate men.'' --W. Irving.
3. Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken.
Syn: Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank; artless;
unbiased; equitable.
Usage: {Candid}, {Fair}, {Open}, {Frank}, {Ingenuous}. A man
is fair when he puts things on a just or equitable
footing; he is candid when be looks impartially on
both sides of a subject, doing justice especially to
the motives and conduct of an opponent; he is open and
frank when he declares his sentiments without reserve;
he is ingenuous when he does this from a noble regard
for truth. Fair dealing; candid investigation; an open
temper; a frank disposition; an ingenuous answer or
declaration.
Candidacy \Can"di*da*cy\, n.
The position of a candidate; state of being a candidate;
candidateship.
Candidate \Can"di*date\, n. [L. Candidatus, n. (because
candidates for office in Rome were clothed in a white toga.)
fr. candidatus clothed in white, fr. candiduslittering,
white: cf. F. candidat.]
One who offers himself, or is put forward by others, as a
suitable person or an aspirant or contestant for an office,
privilege, or honor; as, a candidate for the office of
governor; a candidate for holy orders; a candidate for
scholastic honors.
Candidateship \Can"di*date*ship\, n.
Candidacy.
Candidating \Can"di*da`ting\, n.
The taking of the position of a candidate; specifically, the
preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement. [Cant, U.
S.]
Candidature \Can"di*da*ture\, n.
Candidacy.
Candidly \Can"did*ly\, adv.
In a candid manner.
Candidness \Can"did*ness\, n.
The quality of being candid.
Candied \Can"died\, a. [From 1st {Candy}.]
1. Preserved in or with sugar; incrusted with a candylike
substance; as, candied fruits.
2.
(a) Converted wholly or partially into sugar or candy; as
candied sirup.
(b) Conted or more or less with sugar; as, candidied
raisins.
(c) Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering.
Let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp. --Shak.
3. Covered or incrusted with that which resembles sugar or
candy.
Will the cold brook, Candiedwith ice, caudle thy
morning tast? --Shak.
Candify \Can"di*fy\, v. t. or v. i. [L. candificare; cand["e]re
to be white + -facere to make.]
To make or become white, or candied. [R.]
Candiot \Can"di*ot\, a. [Cf. F. candiote.]
Of or pertaining to Candia; Cretary.
Candite \Can"dite\, n. (Min.)
A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at Candy, in
Ceylon.
Candle \Can"dle\, n. [OE. candel, candel, AS, candel, fr. L.
candela a (white) light made of wax or tallow, fr. cand["e]re
to be white. See {Candid}, and cf. {Chandler}, {Cannel},
{Kindle}.]
1. A slender, cylindrical body of tallow, containing a wick
composed of loosely twisted linen of cotton threads, and
used to furnish light.
How far that little candle throws his beams! So
shines a good deed in a naughty world. --Shak.
Note: Candles are usually made by repeatedly dipping the
wicks in the melted tallow, etc. (``dipped candles''),
or by casting or running in a mold.
2. That which gives light; a luminary.
By these blessed candles of the night. --Shak.
{Candle nut}, the fruit of a euphorbiaceous shrub ({Aleurites
triloba}), a native of some of the Pacific islands; --
socalled because, when dry, it will burn with a bright
flame, and is used by the natives as a candle. The oil has
many uses.
{Candle power} (Photom.), illuminating power, as of a lamp,
or gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard
candle.
{Electric candle}, A modification of the electric arc lamp,
in which the carbon rods, instead of being placed end to
end, are arranged side by side, and at a distance suitable
for the formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also,
from the name of the inventor, {Jablockoff candle}.
{Excommunication by inch of candle}, a form of
excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to
repent only while a candle burns.
{Not worth the candle}, not worth the cost or trouble.
{Rush candle}, a candle made of the pith of certain rushes,
peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease.
{Sale by inch of candle}, an auction in which persons are
allowed to bid only till a small piece of candle burns
out.
{Standard candle} (Photom.), a special form of candle
employed as a standard in photometric measurements;
usually, a candle of spermaceti so constructed as to burn
at the rate of 120 grains, or 7.8 grams, per hour.
{To curse by bell, book and candle}. See under {Bell}.
Candleberry tree \Can"dle*ber`ry tree\ (Bot.)
A shrub (the {Myrica cerifera}, or wax-bearing myrtle),
common in North America, the little nuts of which are covered
with a greenish white wax, which was formerly, used for
hardening candles; -- also called {bayberry tree},
{bayberry}, or {candleberry}.
Candlebomb \Can"dle*bomb`\, n.
1. A small glass bubble, filled with water, which, if placed
in the flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of steam.
2. A pasteboard shell used in signaling. It is filled with a
composition which makes a brilliant light when it
explodes. --Farrow.
Candle coal \Can"dle coal`\
See {Cannel coal}.
Candlefish \Can"dle*fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A marine fish ({Thaleichthys Pacificus}), allied to the
smelt, found on the north Pacific coast; -- called also
{eulachon}. It is so oily that, when dried, it may be
used as a candle, by drawing a wick through it.
(b) The beshow.
Candleholder \Can"dle*hold`er\, n.
One who, or that which, holds a candle; also, one who assists
another, but is otherwise not of importance. --Shak.
Candlelight \Can"dle*light`\, n.
The light of a candle.
Never went by candlelight to bed. --Dryden.
Candlemas \Can"dle*mas\, n. [AS. candelm[ae]sse, candel candle +
m[ae]sse mass.]
The second day of February, on which is celebrated the feast
of the Purification of the Virgin Mary; -- so called because
the candles for the altar or other sacred uses are blessed on
that day.
Candlestick \Can"dle*stick`\, n. [AS. candel-sticca; candel
candle + sticca stick.]
An instrument or utensil for supporting a candle.
Candlewaster \Can"dle*wast`er\, n.
One who consumes candles by being up late for study or
dissipation.
A bookworm, a candlewaster. --B. Jonson.
Candock \Can"dock\n. [Prob. fr. can + dock (the plant). Cf. G.
kannenkraut horsetail, lit. ``canweed.''] (Bot.)
A plant or weed that grows in rivers; a species of
{Equisetum}; also, the yellow frog lily ({Nuphar luteum}).
Candor \Can"dor\, n. [Written also {candour}.] [L. candor, fr.
cand["e]re; cf. F. candeur. See {candid}.]
1. Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral conditions)
usullied purity; innocence. [Obs.]
Nor yor unquestioned integrity Shall e'er be sullied
with one taint or spot That may take from your
innocence and candor. --Massinger.
2. A disposition to treat subjects with fairness; freedom
from prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity.
Attribute superior sagacity and candor to those who
held that side of the question. --Whewell.
Candroy \Can"droy\, n.
A machine for spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for
printing.
Candy \Can"dy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Candied}; p. pr & vb. n.
{Candying}.] [F. candir (cf. It. candire, Sp. az['u]car cande
or candi), fr. Ar. & Pers. qand, fr. Skr. Kha[.n][.d]da
piece, sugar in pieces or lumps, fr. kha[.n][.d], kha[.d] to
break.]
1. To conserve or boil in sugar; as, to candy fruits; to
candy ginger.
2. To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a mass
resembling candy; as, to candy sirup.
3. To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with that which
resembles sugar or candy.
Those frosts that winter brings Which candy every
green. --Drayson.
Candy \Can"dy\, v. i.
1. To have sugar crystals form in or on; as, fruits preserved
in sugar candy after a time.
2. To be formed into candy; to solidify in a candylike form
or mass.
Candy \Can"dy\ n. [F. candi. See {Candy}, v. t.]
A more or less solid article of confectionery made by boiling
sugar or molasses to the desired consistency, and than
crystallizing, molding, or working in the required shape. It
is often flavored or colored, and sometimes contains fruit,
nuts, etc.
Candy \Candy\, n. [Mahratta kha[.n][.d][=i], Tamil ka[.n][.d]i.]
A weight, at Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.
Candytuft \Can"dy*tuft`\, n. (Bot.)
An annual plant of the genus {Iberis}, cultivated in gardens.
The name was originally given to the {I. umbellata}, first,
discovered in the island of Candia.
Cane \Cane\, n. [OE. cane, canne, OF. cane, F. canne, L. canna,
fr. Gr. ?, ?; prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. q[=a]neh
reed. Cf. {Canister}, {canon}, 1st {Cannon}.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) A name given to several peculiar palms, species of
{Calamus} and {D[ae]manorops}, having very long,
smooth flexible stems, commonly called rattans.
(b) Any plant with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and
bamboos of many kinds; also, the sugar cane.
(c) Stems of other plants are sometimes called canes; as,
the canes of a raspberry.
Like light canes, that first rise big and brave.
--B. Jonson.
Note: In the Southern United States {great cane} is the
{Arundinaria macrosperma}, and {small cane} is. {A.
tecta}.
2. A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because originally
made of one the species of cane.
Stir the fire with your master's cane. --Swift.
3. A lance or dart made of cane. [R.]
Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign The
flying skirmish of the darted cane. --Dryden.
4. A local European measure of length. See {Canna}.
{Cane borer} (Zo["o].), A beetle {(Oberea bimaculata)} which,
in the larval state, bores into pith and destroy the canes
or stalks of the raspberry, blackberry, etc.
{Cane mill}, a mill for grinding sugar canes, for the
manufacture of sugar.
{Cane trash}, the crushed stalks and other refuse of sugar
cane, used for fuel, etc.
Cane \Cane\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Caned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Caning}.]
1. To beat with a cane. --Macaulay.
2. To make or furnish with cane or rattan; as, to cane
chairs.
Canebrake \Cane"brake\, n.
A thicket of canes. --Ellicott.
Caned \Caned\, a. [Cf. L. canus white.]
Filled with white flakes; mothery; -- said vinegar when
containing mother. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Canella \Ca*nel"la\, n. [LL. (OE. canel, canelle, cinnamon, fr.
F. cannelle), Dim. of L. canna a reed. Canella is so called
from the shape of the rolls of prepared bark. See {Cane}.]
(Bot.)
A genus of trees of the order {Canellace[ae]}, growing in the
West Indies.
Note: The principal species is {Canella alba}, and its bark
is a spice and drug exported under the names of wild
cinnamon and whitewood bark.
Canescent \Ca*nes"cent\, a. [L. canescens, p. pr. of canescere,
v. inchoative of canere to be white.]
Growing white, or assuming a color approaching to white.
Can hook \Can" hook`\
A device consisting of a short rope with flat hooks at each
end, for hoisting casks or barrels by the ends of the staves.
Cannicula \Can*nic"u*la\, n. [L. canicula, lit., a little dog, a
dim of canis dog; cf. F. canicule.] (Astron.)
The Dog Star; Sirius.
Canicular \Ca*nic"u*lar\, a. [L. canicularis; cf. F.
caniculaire.]
Pertaining to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog Star.
{Canicular days}, the dog days, See {Dog days}.
{Canicular year}, the Egyptian year, computed from one
heliacal rising of the Dog Star to another.
Canicule \Can"i*cule\, n.
Canicula. --Addison.
Caninal \Ca*ni"nal\, a.
See {Canine}, a.
Canine \Ca*nine"\, a. [L. caninus, fr. canis dog: cf. F. canin.
See {Hound}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the family {Canid[ae]}, or dogs and
wolves; having the nature or qualities of a dog; like that
or those of a dog.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pointed tooth on each side
the incisors.
{Canine appetite}, a morbidly voracious appetite; bulimia.
{Canine letter}, the letter r. See {R}.
{Canine madness}, hydrophobia.
{Canine tooth}, a tooth situated between the incisor and
bicuspid teeth, so called because well developed in dogs;
usually, the third tooth from the front on each side of
each jaw; an eyetooth, or the corresponding tooth in the
lower jaw.
Canine \Ca*nine"\, n. (Anat.)
A canine tooth.
Canis \Ca"nis\ (k[a^]"n[i^]s), n.; pl. {Canes} (-n[=e]z). [L., a
dog.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of carnivorous mammals, of the family {Canid[ae]},
including the dogs and wolves.
{Canis major} [L., larger dog], a constellation to the
southeast of Orion, containing Sirius or the Dog Star.
{Canis minor} [L., smaller dog], a constellation to the east
of Orion, containing Procyon, a star of the first
magnitude.
Canister \Can"is*ter\ (k[a^]n"[i^]s*t[~e]r), n. [L. canistrum a
basket woven from reeds Gr. ?, fr. ka`nh, ka`nna reed; cf. F.
canistre. See {Cane}, and {Canaster}.]
1. A small basket of rushes, reeds, or willow twigs, etc.
2. A small box or case for holding tea, coffee, etc.
3. (Mil.) A kind of case shot for cannon, in which a number
of lead or iron balls in layers are inclosed in a case
fitting the gun; -- called also {canister shot}.
Canker \Can"ker\ (k[a^][ng]"k[~e]r), n. [OE. canker, cancre, AS.
cancer (akin to D. kanker, OHG chanchar.), fr. L. cancer a
cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr. ? excrescence on tree, ?
gangrene. Cf. also OF. cancre, F. chancere, fr. L. cancer.
See {cancer}, and cf. {Chancre}.]
1. A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading
gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about the
mouth; -- called also {water canker}, {canker of the
mouth}, and {noma}.
2. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or destroy.
The cankers of envy and faction. --Temple.
3. (Hort.) A disease incident to trees, causing the bark to
rot and fall off.
4. (Far.) An obstinate and often incurable disease of a
horse's foot, characterized by separation of the horny
portion and the development of fungoid growths; -- usually
resulting from neglected thrush.
5. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the dog-rose.
To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose. And
plant this thorm, this canker, Bolingbroke. --Shak.
{Black canker}. See under {Black}.
Canker \Can"ker\ (k[a^][ng]"k[~e]r), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Cankered} (-k[~e]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cankering}.]
1. To affect as a canker; to eat away; to corrode; to
consume.
No lapse of moons can canker Love. --Tennyson.
2. To infect or pollute; to corrupt. --Addison.
A tithe purloined cankers the whole estate.
--Herbert.
Canker \Can"ker\, v. i.
1. To waste away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral.
[Obs.]
Silvering will sully and canker more than gliding.
--Bacom.
2. To be or become diseased, or as if diseased, with canker;
to grow corrupt; to become venomous.
Deceit and cankered malice. --Dryden.
As with age his body uglier grows, So his mind
cankers. --Shak.
Canker-bit \Can"ker-bit`\, a.
Eaten out by canker, or as by canker. [Obs.]
Canker bloom \Can"ker bloom`\
The bloom or blossom of the wild rose or dog-rose.
Canker blossom \Can"ker blos`som\
That which blasts a blossom as a canker does. [Obs.]
O me! you juggler! you canker blossom! You thief of
Love! --Shak.
Cankered \Can"kered\, a.
1. Affected with canker; as, a cankered mouth.
2. Affected mentally or morally as with canker; sore,
envenomed; malignant; fretful; ill-natured. ``A cankered
grandam's will.'' --Shak.
Cankeredly \Can"kered*ly\, adv.
Fretfully; spitefully.
Canker fly \Can"ker fly`\
A fly that preys on fruit.
Cankerous \Can"ker*ous\, a.
Affecting like a canker. ``Canrerous shackles.'' --Thomson.
Misdeem it not a cankerous change. --Wordsworth.
Canker rash \Can"ker rash`\ (Med.)
A form of scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid
sore throat.
Cankerworm \Can"ker*worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The larva of two species of geometrid moths which are very
injurious to fruit and shade trees by eating, and often
entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar larv[ae] are
also called cankerworms.
Note: The autumnal species ({Anisopteryx pometaria}) becomes
adult late in autumn (after frosts) and in winter. The
spring species ({A. vernata}) remains in the ground
through the winter, and matures in early spring. Both
have winged males and wingless females. The larv[ae]
are similar in appearance and habits, and belong to the
family of measuring worms or spanworms. These larv[ae]
hatch from the eggs when the leaves begin to expand in
spring.
Cankery \Can"ker*y\, a.
1. Like a canker; full of canker.
2. Surly; sore; malignant.
Canna \Can"na\, n. [It.]
A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven feet.
See {Cane}, 4.
Canna \Can"na\, n. [L., a reed. See {Cane}.] (Bot.)
A genus of tropical plants, with large leaves and often with
showy flowers. The Indian shot ({C. Indica}) is found in
gardens of the northern United States.
Cannabene \Can"na*bene\, n. [From {Cannabis}.] (Chem.)
A colorless oil obtained from hemp by distillation, and
possessing its intoxicating properties.
Cannabin \Can"na*bin\, n. (Chem.)
A poisonous resin extracted from hemp ({Cannabis sativa},
variety Indica). The narcotic effects of hasheesh are due to
this resin.
Cannabine \Can"na*bine\, a. [L. cannabinus.]
Pertaining to hemp; hempen. [R.]
Cannabis \Can"na*bis\, n. [L., hemp. See {Canvas}.] (Bot.)
A genus of a single species belonging to the order
{Uricace[ae]}; hemp.
{Cannabis Indica}, the Indian hemp, a powerful narcotic, now
considered a variety of the common hemp.
Cannel coal \Can"nel coal`\ [Corrupt. fr. candle coal.]
A kind of mineral coal of a black color, sufficiently hard
and solid to be cut and polished. It burns readily, with a
clear, yellow flame, and on this account has been used as a
substitute for candles.
Cannery \Can"ner*y\, n.
A place where the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is
carried on. [U. S.]
Cannibal \Can"ni*bal\, n. [Cf. F. cannibale. Columbus, in a
letter to the Spanish monarchs written in Oct., 1498,
mentions that the people of Hayti lived in great fear of the
Caribales (equivalent to E. Caribbees.), the inhabitants of
the smaller Antilles; which form of the name was afterward
changed into NL. Canibales, in order to express more forcibly
their character by a word intelligible through a Latin root
``propter rabiem caninam anthropophagorum gentis.'' The
Caribbees call themselves, in their own language. Calinago,
Carinago, Calliponam, and, abbreviated, Calina, signifying a
brave, from which Columbus formed his Caribales.]
A human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours
its own kind. --Darwin.
Cannibal \Can"ni*bal\, a.
Relating to cannibals or cannibalism. ``Cannibal terror.''
--Burke.
Cannibalism \Can"ni*bal*ism\, n. [Cf. F. cannibalisme.]
The act or practice of eating human flesh by mankind. Hence;
Murderous cruelty; barbarity. --Berke.
Cannibally \Can"ni*bal*ly\, adv.
In the manner of cannibal. ``An he had been cannibally
given.'' --Shak.
Cannikin \Can"ni*kin\, n. [Can + -kin.]
A small can or drinking vessel.
Cannily \Can"ni*ly\, adv.
In a canny manner. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Canniness \Can"ni*ness\, n.
Caution; crafty management. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Cannon \Can"non\, n.; pl. {Cannons}, collectively {Cannon}. [F.
cannon, fr. L. canna reed, pipe, tube. See {Cane}.]
1. A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a firearm
for discharging heavy shot with great force.
Note: Cannons are made of various materials, as iron, brass,
bronze, and steel, and of various sizes and shapes with
respect to the special service for which they are
intended, as intended, as siege, seacoast, naval,
field, or mountain, guns. They always aproach more or
less nearly to a cylindrical from, being usually
thicker toward the breech than at the muzzle. Formerly
they were cast hollow, afterwards they were cast,
solid, and bored out. The cannon now most in use for
the armament of war vessels and for seacoast defense
consists of a forged steel tube reinforced with massive
steel rings shrunk upon it. Howitzers and mortars are
sometimes called cannon. See {Gun}.
2. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical piece carried by a revolving
shaft, on which it may, however, revolve independently.
3. (Printing.) A kind of type. See {Canon}.
{Cannon ball}, strictly, a round solid missile of stone or
iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now often applied
to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow, made
for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are
sometimes called bolts; hollow ones charged with
explosives are properly called shells.
{Cannon bullet}, a cannon ball. [Obs.]
{Cannon cracker}, a fire cracker of large size.
{Cannon lock}, a device for firing a cannon by a percussion
primer.
{Cannon metal}. See {Gun Metal}.
{Cannon pinion}, the pinion on the minute hand arbor of a
watch or clock, which drives the hand but permits it to be
moved in setting.
{Cannon proof}, impenetrable by cannon balls.
{Cannon shot}.
(a) A cannon ball.
(b) The range of a cannon.
Cannon \Can"non\, n. & v. (Billiards)
See {Carom}. [Eng.]
Cannonade \Can`non*ade"\, n. [F. Canonnade; cf. It. cannanata.]
1. The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball, shell,
etc., for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering
a town, ship, or fort; -- usually, an attack of some
continuance.
A furious cannonade was kept up from the whole
circle of batteries on the devoted towm. --Prescott.
2. Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a booming.
Blue Walden rolls its cannonade. --Ewerson.
Cannonade \Can`non*ade"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cannonade}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cannonading}.]
To attack with heavy artillery; to batter with cannon shot.
Cannonade \Can`non*ade"\, v. i.
To discharge cannon; as, the army cannonaded all day.
Cannon bone \Can"non bone\ (Anat.)
See {Canon Bone}.
Cannoned \Can"noned\, a.
Furnished with cannon. [Poetic] ``Gilbralter's cannoned
steep.'' --M. Arnold.
Cannoneer \Can`non*eer"\, Cannonier \Can`non*ier"\, n. [F.
canonnier.]
A man who manages, or fires, cannon.
Cannonering \Can`non*er"ing\, n.
The use of cannon. --Burke.
Cannonry \Can"non*ry\, n.
Cannon, collectively; artillery.
The ringing of bells and roaring of cannonry proclaimed
his course through the country. --W. Irving.
Cannot \Can"not\ [Can to be able + -not.]
Am, is, or are, not able; -- written either as one word or
two.
Cannula \Can"nu*la\, n. [L. cannula a small tube of dim. of
canna a reed, tube.] (Surg.)
A small tube of metal, wood, or India rubber, used for
various purposes, esp. for injecting or withdrawing fluids.
It is usually associated with a trocar. [Written also
{canula}.]
Cannular \Can"nu*lar\, a.
Having the form of a tube; tubular. [Written also {canular}.]
Cannulated \Can"nu*la`ted\, a.
Hollow; affording a passage through its interior length for
wire, thread, etc.; as, a cannulated (suture) needle.
[Written also {canulated}.]
Canny \Can"ny\, Cannei \Can"nei\, a. [Cf. Icel. kenn skilled,
learned, or E. canny. Cf. {Kenn}.] [North of Eng. & Scot.]
1. Artful; cunning; shrewd; wary.
2. Skillful; knowing; capable. --Sir W. Scott.
3. Cautious; prudent; safe.. --Ramsay.
4. Having pleasing or useful qualities; gentle. --Burns.
5. Reputed to have magical powers. --Sir W. Scott.
{No canny}, not safe, not fortunate; unpropitious. [Scot.]
Canoe \Ca*noe"\, n.; pl. {Canoes}. [Sp. canoa, fr. Caribbean
can['a]oa.]
1. A boat used by rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree,
excavated, by cutting of burning, into a suitable shape.
It is propelled by a paddle or paddles, or sometimes by
sail, and has no rudder.
Others devised the boat of one tree, called the
canoe. --Raleigh.
2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by savages.
A birch canoe, with paddles, rising, falling, on the
water. --Longfellow.
3. A light pleasure boat, especially designed for use by one
who goes alone upon long excursions, including portage. It
it propelled by a paddle, or by a small sail attached to a
temporary mast.
Canoe \Ca*noe"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Canoed}p. pr. & vb. n.
{Canoeing}.]
To manage a canoe, or voyage in a canoe.
Canoeing \Ca*noe"ing\ n.
The act or art of using a canoe.
Canoeist \Ca*noe"ist\, n.
A canoeman.
Canoeman \Ca*noe"man\, n.; pl. {Canoemen}.
One who uses a canoe; one who travels in a canoe.
Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing
canoeman. --Parkman.
Canon \Can"on\, n. [OE. canon, canoun, AS. canon rule (cf. F.
canon, LL. canon, and, for sense 7, F. chanoine, LL.
canonicus), fr. L. canon a measuring line, rule, model, fr.
Gr. ? rule, rod, fr. ?, ?, red. See {Cane}, and cf.
{Canonical}.]
1. A law or rule.
Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon
'gainst self-slaughter. --Shak.
2. (Eccl.) A law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted
by a council and confirmed by the pope or the sovereign; a
decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by
ecclesiastical authority.
Various canons which were made in councils held in
the second centry. --Hock.
3. The collection of books received as genuine Holy
Scriptures, called the {sacred canon}, or general rule of
moral and religious duty, given by inspiration; the Bible;
also, any one of the canonical Scriptures. See {Canonical
books}, under {Canonical}, a.
4. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a religious
order.
5. A catalogue of saints acknowledged and canonized in the
Roman Catholic Church.
6. A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who possesses a
prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church.
7. (Mus.) A musical composition in which the voices begin one
after another, at regular intervals, successively taking
up the same subject. It either winds up with a coda
(tailpiece), or, as each voice finishes, commences anew,
thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It is the
strictest form of imitation. See {Imitation}.
8. (Print.) The largest size of type having a specific name;
-- so called from having been used for printing the canons
of the church.
9. The part of a bell by which it is suspended; -- called
also {ear} and {shank}.
Note: [See Illust. of {Bell}.] --Knight.
10. (Billiards) See {Carom}.
{Apostolical canons}. See under {Apostolical}.
{Augustinian canons}, {Black canons}. See under
{Augustinian}.
{Canon capitular}, {Canon residentiary}, a resident member of
a cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the
year).
{Canon law}. See under {Law}.
{Canon of the Mass} (R. C. Ch.), that part of the mass,
following the Sanctus, which never changes.
{Honorary canon}, a canon who neither lived in a monastery,
nor kept the canonical hours.
{Minor canon} (Ch. of Eng.), one who has been admitted to a
chapter, but has not yet received a prebend.
{Regular canon} (R. C. Ch.), one who lived in a conventual
community and follower the rule of St. Austin; a Black
canon.
{Secular canon} (R. C. Ch.), one who did not live in a
monastery, but kept the hours.
Canon \Ca*[~n]on"\, n. [Sp., a tube or hollow, fr. ca[~n]a reed,
fr. L. canna. See {Cane}.]
A deep gorge, ravine, or gulch, between high and steep banks,
worn by water courses. [Mexico & Western U. S.]
Canon bit \Can"on bit`\ [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule.]
That part of a bit which is put in a horse's mouth.
Canon bone \Can"on bone`\ [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule. See
{canon}.] (Anat.)
The shank bone, or great bone above the fetlock, in the fore
and hind legs of the horse and allied animals, corresponding
to the middle metacarpal or metatarsal bone of most mammals.
See {Horse}.
Canoness \Can"on*ess\, n. [Cf. LL. canonissa.]
A woman who holds a canonry in a conventual chapter.
{Regular canoness}, one bound by the poverty, and observing a
strict rule of life.
{Secular canoness}, one allowed to hold private property, and
bound only by vows of chastity and obedience so long as
she chose to remain in the chapter.
Canonic \Ca*non"ic\, Cannonical \Can*non"ic*al\, a. [L.
cannonicus, LL. canonicalis, fr. L. canon: cf. F. canonique.
See {canon}.]
Of or pertaining to a canon; established by, or according to
a, canon or canons. ``The oath of canonical obedience.''
--Hallam.
{Canonical books}, or {Canonical Scriptures}, those books
which are declared by the canons of the church to be of
divine inspiration; -- called collectively the canon. The
Roman Catholic Church holds as canonical several books
which Protestants reject as apocryphal.
{Canonical epistles}, an appellation given to the epistles
called also general or catholic. See {Catholic epistles},
under {Canholic}.
{Canonical form} (Math.), the simples or most symmetrical
form to which all functions of the same class can be
reduced without lose of generality.
{Canonical hours}, certain stated times of the day, fixed by
ecclesiastical laws, and appropriated to the offices of
prayer and devotion; also, certain portions of the
Breviary, to be used at stated hours of the day. In
England, this name is also given to the hours from 8 a. m.
to 3 p. m. (formerly 8 a. m. to 12 m.) before and after
which marriage can not be legally performed in any parish
church.
{Canonical letters}, letters of several kinds, formerly given
by a bishop to traveling clergymen or laymen, to show that
they were entitled to receive the communion, and to
distinguish them from heretics.
{Canonical life}, the method or rule of living prescribed by
the ancient clergy who lived in community; a course of
living prescribed for the clergy, less rigid than the
monastic, and more restrained that the secular.
{Canonical obedience}, submission to the canons of a church,
especially the submission of the inferior clergy to their
bishops, and of other religious orders to their superiors.
{Canonical punishments}, such as the church may inflict, as
excommunication, degradation, penance, etc.
{Canonical sins} (Anc. Church.), those for which capital
punishment or public penance decreed by the canon was
inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery, heresy.
Canonically \Ca*non"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a canonical manner; according to the canons.
Canonicalness \Ca*non"ic*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being canonical; canonicity. --Bp. Burnet.
Canonicals \Ca*non"ic*als\, n. pl.
The dress prescribed by canon to be worn by a clergyman when
officiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional dress.
{Full canonicals}, the complete costume of an officiating
clergyman or ecclesiastic. i
Canonicate \Ca*non"i*cate\, n. [LL. canonucatus canonical: cf.
F. canonicat.]
The office of a canon; a canonry.
Canonicity \Can`on*ic"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. canonicit['e].]
The state or quality of being canonical; agreement with the
canon.
Canonist \Can"on*ist\, n. [Cf. F. canoniste.]
A professor of canon law; one skilled in the knowledge and
practice of ecclesiastical law. --South.
Canonistic \Can`on*is"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a canonist. ``This canonistic
exposition.'' --Milton.
Canonization \Can`on*i*za"tion\, n. [F. canonisation.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) The final process or decree (following
beatifacation) by which the name of a deceased person is
placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended to
perpetual veneration and invocation.
Canonization of saints was not known to the
Christian church titl toward the middle of the tenth
century. --Hoock.
2. The state of being canonized or sainted.
Canonize \Can"on*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Canonized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Canonizing}.] [F. canoniser or LL. canonizare, fr. L.
canon.. See {Canon}.]
1. (Eccl.) To declare (a deceased person) a saint; to put in
the catalogue of saints; as, Thomas a Becket was
canonized.
2. To glorify; to exalt to the highest honor.
Fame in time to come canonize us. --Shak.
2. To rate as inspired; to include in the canon.[R.]
Canonry \Can"on*ry\, n. pl. {Canonries}.
A benefice or prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church; a
right to a place in chapter and to a portion of its revenues;
the dignity or emoluments of a canon.
Canonship \Can"on*ship\, a.
Of or pertaining to Canopus in Egypt; as, the Canopic vases,
used in embalming.
Canopus \Ca*no"pus\, n. [L. Canopus, fr. Gr. ?, town of Egypt.]
(Astron.)
A star of the first magnitude in the southern constellation
Argo.
Canopy \Can"o*py\ (k[a^]n"[-o]*p[y^]), n.; pl. {Canopies}
(-p[i^]z). [OE. canapie, F. canap['e] sofa, OF. conop['e]e,
conopeu, conopieu, canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It. canop[`e]
canopy, sofa), LL. conopeum a bed with mosquito curtains, fr.
Gr. kwnwpei^on, fr. kw`nwps gnat, kw`nos cone + 'w`ps face.
See {Cone}, and {Optic}.]
1. A covering fixed over a bed, dais, or the like, or carried
on poles over an exalted personage or a sacred object,
etc. chiefly as a mark of honor. ``Golden canopies and
beds of state.'' --Dryden.
2. (Arch.)
(a) An ornamental projection, over a door, window, niche,
etc.
(b) Also, a rooflike covering, supported on pillars over
an altar, a statue, a fountain, etc.
Canopy \Can"o*py\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Canopes}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Canopying}.]
To cover with, or as with, a canopy. ``A bank with ivy
canopied.'' --Milton.
Canorous \Ca*no"rous\, a. [L. canorus, from nor melody, fr.
canere to sing.]
Melodious; musical. ``Birds that are most canorous.'' --Sir
T. Browne.
A long, lound, and canorous peal of laughter. --De
Quincey.
Canorousness \Ca*no"rous*ness\, n.
The quality of being musical.
He chooses his language for its rich canorousness.
--Lowell.
Canstick \Can"stick`\, n.
Candlestick. [Obs.] --Shak.
Cant \Cant\, n. [OF., edge, angle, prof. from L. canthus the
iron ring round a carriage wheel, a wheel, Gr. ? the corner
of the eye, the felly of a wheel; cf. W. cant the stake or
tire of a wheel. Cf. {Canthus}, {Canton}, {Cantle}.]
1. A corner; angle; niche. [Obs.]
The first and principal person in the temple was
Irene, or Peace; she was placed aloft in a cant.
--B. Jonson.
2. An outer or external angle.
3. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope
or bevel; a titl. --Totten.
4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a
bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn so
give; as, to give a ball a cant.
5. (Coopering) A segment forming a side piece in the head of
a cask. --Knight.
6. (Mech.) A segment of he rim of a wooden cogwheel.
--Knight.
7. (Naut.) A piece of wood laid upon the deck of a vessel to
support the bulkheads.
{Cant frames}, {Cant timbers} (Naut.), timber at the two ends
of a ship, rising obliquely from the keel.
Cant \Cant\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Canted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Canting}.]
1. To incline; to set at an angle; to tilt over; to tip upon
the edge; as, to cant a cask; to cant a ship.
2. To give a sudden turn or new direction to; as, to cant
round a stick of timber; to cant a football.
3. To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece of
timber, or from the head of a bolt.
Cant \Cant\, n. [Prob. from OF. cant, F. chant, singing, in
allusion to the singing or whining tine of voice used by
beggars, fr. L. cantus. See {Chant}.]
1. An affected, singsong mode of speaking.
2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any sect, class,
or occupation. --Goldsmith.
The cant of any profession. --Dryden.
3. The use of religious phraseology without understanding or
sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what is not
felt; hypocrisy.
They shall hear no cant from me. --F. W.
Robertson
4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker by
gipsies, thieves, tramps, or beggars.
Cant \Cant\, a.
Of the nature of cant; affected; vulgar.
To introduce and multiply cant words in the most
ruinous corruption in any language. --Swift.
Cant \Cant\, v. i.
1. To speak in a whining voice, or an affected, singsong
tone.
2. To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk with an
affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice
hypocrisy; as, a canting fanatic.
The rankest rogue that ever canted. --Beau. & Fl.
3. To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon, or
technical terms; to talk with an affectation of learning.
The doctor here, When he discourseth of dissection,
Of vena cava and of vena porta, The meser[ae]um and
the mesentericum, What does he else but cant. --B.
Jonson
That uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting
language, if I may so call it. --Bp.
Sanderson.
Cant \Cant\, n. [Prob. from OF. cant, equiv. to L. quantum; cf.
F. encan, fr. L. in quantum, i.e. ``for how much?'']
A call for bidders at a public sale; an auction. ``To sell
their leases by cant.'' --Swift.
Cant \Cant\, v. t.
to sell by auction, or bid a price at a sale by auction.
[Archaic] --Swift.
Can't \Can't\
A colloquial contraction for can not.
Cantab \Can"tab\, n. [Abbreviated from Cantabrigian.]
A Cantabrigian. [Colloq.] --Sir W. Scott.
Cantabile \Can*ta"bi*le\, a. [It., cantare to sing.] (Mus.)
In a melodious, flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed
to bravura, recitativo, or parlando.
Cantabile \Can*ta"bi*le\, n. (Mus.)
A piece or passage, whether vocal or instrumental, peculiarly
adapted to singing; -- sometimes called {cantilena}.
Cantabrian \Can*ta"bri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of Biscay in Spain.
Cantabrigian \Can`ta*brig"i*an\, n.
A native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate
of the university of Cambridge, England.
Cantalever \Can"ta*lev`er\, n. [Cant an external angle + lever a
supporter of the roof timber of a house.] [Written also
{cantaliver} and {cantilever}.]
1. (Arch.) A bracket to support a balcony, a cornice, or the
like.
2. (Engin.) A projecting beam, truss, or bridge unsupported
at the outer end; one which overhangs.
{Cantalever bridge}, a bridge in which the principle of the
cantalever is applied. It is usually a trussed bridge,
composed of two portions reaching out from opposite banks,
and supported near the middle of their own length on piers
which they overhang, thus forming cantalevers which meet
over the space to be spanned or sustain a third portion,
to complete the connection.
Cantaloupe \Can"ta*loupe\, n. [F. cantaloup, It. cantalupo, so
called from the caste of Cantalupo, in the Marca d'Ancona, in
Italy, where they were first grown in Europe, from seed said
to have been imported from Armenia.]
A muskmelon of several varieties, having when mature, a
yellowish skin, and flesh of a reddish orange color. [Written
also {cantaleup}.]
Cantankerous \Can*tan"ker*ous\, a.
Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious. [Colloq.] --
{Can*tan"ker*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Can*tan"ker*ous*ness}, n.
The cantankerous old maiden aunt. --Thackeray.
Cantar \Can"tar\, Cantarro \Can*tar"ro\, n. [It. cantaro (in
sense 1), Sp. cantaro (in sense 2).]
1. A weight used in southern Europe and East for heavy
articles. It varies in different localities; thus, at Rome
it is nearly 75 pounds, in Sardinia nearly 94 pounds, in
Cairo it is 95 pounds, in Syria about 503 pounds.
2. A liquid measure in Spain, ranging from two and a half to
four gallons. --Simmonds.
Cantata \Can*ta"ta\, n. [It., fr. cantare to sing, fr. L.
cantare intens of canere to sing.] (Mus.)
A poem set to music; a musical composition comprising
choruses, solos, interludes, etc., arranged in a somewhat
dramatic manner; originally, a composition for a single
noise, consisting of both recitative and melody.
Cantation \Can*ta"tion\, n. [L. cantatio.]
A singing. [Obs.] --Blount.
Cantatory \Cant"a*to*ry\, a.
Containing cant or affectation; whining; singing. [R.]
Cantatrice \Can`ta*tri"ce\ (k[.a]n`t[.a]*tr[=e]"ch[asl]), n.
[It.] (Mus.)
A female professional singer.
Canted \Cant"ed\, a. [From 2d {Cant}.]
1. Having angles; as, a six canted bolt head; a canted
window.
{Canted column} (Arch.), a column polygonal in plan.
2. Inclined at an angle to something else; tipped; sloping.
Canteen \Can*teen"\ (k[a^]n*t[=e]n"), n. [F. cantine bottle
case, canteen (cf. Sp. & It. cantina cellar, bottle case),
either contr. fr. It. canovettina, dim. of canova cellar, or,
more likely, fr. OF. cant. corner, It. & Sp. canto. See 1st
{Cant}.] (Mil.)
1. A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or
other drink. [Written also {cantine}.]
Note: In the English service the canteen is made of wood and
holds three pints; in the United States it is usually a
tin flask.
2. The sutler's shop in a garrison; also, a chest containing
culinary and other vessels for officers.
Cantel \Can"tel\, n.
See {Cantle}.
Canter \Can"ter\, n. [An abbreviation of Caner bury. See
Canterbury gallop, under {Canterbury}.]
1. A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding.
Note: The canter is a thoroughly artificial pace, at first
extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only to be
produced in him by the restraint of a powerful bit,
which compels him to throw a great part of his weight
on his haunches . . . There is so great a variety in
the mode adopted by different horses for performing the
canter, that no single description will suffice, nor
indeed is it easy . . . to define any one of them. --J.
H. Walsh.
2. A rapid or easy passing over.
A rapid canter in the Times over all the topics.
--Sir J.
Stephen.
Canter \Can"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cantered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cantering}.]
To move in a canter.
Canter \Can"ter\, v. t.
To cause, as a horse, to go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at
a canter.
Canter \Cant"er\, n.
1. One who cants or whines; a beggar.
2. One who makes hypocritical pretensions to goodness; one
who uses canting language.
The day when he was a canter and a rebel.
--Macaulay.
Canterbury \Can"ter*bur*y\, n.
1. A city in England, giving its name various articles. It is
the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of all
England), and contains the shrine of Thomas [`a] Becket,
to which pilgrimages were formerly made.
2. A stand with divisions in it for holding music, loose
papers, etc.
{Canterbury ball} (Bot.), a species of {Campanula} of several
varieties, cultivated for its handsome bell-shaped
flowers.
{Canterbury gallop}, a gentle gallop such as was used by
pilgrims riding to Canterbury; a canter.
{Canterbury tale}, one of the tales which Chaucer puts into
the mouths of certain pilgrims to Canterbury. Hence, any
tale told by travelers to pass away the time.
Cantharidal \Can*thar"*i*dal\, a.
Of or pertaining to cantharides or made of cantharides; as,
cantharidal plaster.
Cantharides \Can*thar"i*des\, n. pl.
See {Cantharis}.
Cantharidin \Can*thar"i*din\, n. (Chem.)
The active principle of the cantharis, or Spanish fly, a
volatile, acrid, bitter solid, crystallizing in four-sided
prisms.
Cantharis \Can"tha*ris\, n.; pl. {Cantharides}. [L., a kind of
beetle, esp. the Spanish fly, Gr. kanqari`s.] (Zo["o]l.)
A beetle ({Lytta, or Cantharis, vesicatoria}), havin1g an
elongated cylindrical body of a brilliant green color, and a
nauseous odor; the blister fly or blister beetle, of the
apothecary; -- also called {Spanish fly}. Many other species
of {Lytta}, used for the same purpose, take the same name.
See {Blister beetle}, under {Blister}. The plural form in
usually applied to the dried insects used in medicine.
Cant hook \Cant" hook`\
A wooden lever with a movable iron hook. hear the end; --
used for canting or turning over heavy logs, etc. [U. S.]
--Bartlett.
Canthoplasty \Can"tho*plas`ty\, n. [Gr.?, corner of the eye + ?
to from.] (Surg.)
The operation of forming a new canthus, when one has been
destroyed by injury or disease.
Canthus \Can"thus\, n.; pl. {Canthi}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Anat.)
The corner where the upper and under eyelids meet on each
side of the eye.
Canticle \Can"ti*cle\, n.; pl. {Canticles}. [L. canticulum a
little song, dim. of canticum song, fr. cantus a singing, fr.
coner to sing. See {Chant}.]
1. A song; esp. a little song or hymn. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. pl. The Song of Songs or Song of Solomon, one of the books
of the Old Testament.
3. A canto or division of a poem [Obs.] --Spenser.
4. A psalm, hymn, or passage from the Bible, arranged for
chanting in church service.
Canticoy \Can"ti*coy\, n. [Of American Indian origin.]
A social gathering; usually, one for dancing.
Cantile \Can"tile\, v. i.
Same as {Cantle}, v. t.
Cantilena \Can`ti*le"na\, n. [It. & L.] (Mus.)
See {Cantabile}.
Cantilever \Can"ti*lev`er\, n.
Same as {Cantalever}.
Cantillate \Can"til*late\, v. i. [L. cantillatus, p. p. of
cantillare to sing low, dim. of cantare. See {Cantata}.]
To chant; to recite with musical tones. --M. Stuart.
Cantillation \Can`til*la"tion\, n.
A chanting; recitation or reading with musical modulations.
Cantine \Can*tine"\, n.
See {Canteen}.
Canting \Cant"ing\, a.
Speaking in a whining tone of voice; using technical or
religious terms affectedly; affectedly pious; as, a canting
rogue; a canting tone. -- {Cant"ing*ly}, adv. --
{Cant"ing*ness}, n.
{Canting arms}, {Canting heraldry} (Her.), bearings in the
nature of a rebus alluding to the name of the bearer.
Thus, the Castletons bear three castles, and Pope Adrian
IV. (Nicholas Breakspeare) bore a broken spear.
Canting \Cant"ing\, n.
The use of cant; hypocrisy.
Cantiniere \Can`ti*niere"\, n. [F., fr. cantine a sutler's shop,
canteen.] (Mil)
A woman who carries a canteen for soldiers; a vivandi[`e]re.
Cantion \Can"tion\, n. [L. cantio, from canere to sing.]
A song or verses. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Cantle \Can"tle\, n. [OF. cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece,
F. chanteau a piece cut from a larger piece, dim. of OF. cant
edge, corner. See 1st {Cant}.]
1. A corner or edge of anything; a piece; a fragment; a part.
``In one cantle of his law.'' --Milton.
Cuts me from the best of all my land A huge half
moon, a monstrous cantle out. --Shak.
2. The upwardly projecting rear part of saddle, opposite to
the pommel. [Written also {cante}.]
Cantle \Can"tle\, v. t.
To cut in pieces; to cut out from. [Obs.] [Written also
{cantile}.]
Cantlet \Cant"let\, n. [Dim. of cantle.]
A piece; a fragment; a corner. --Dryden.
Canto \Can"to\, n.; pl. {Cantos}. [It. canto, fr. L. cantus
singing, song. See {Chant}.]
1. One of the chief divisions of a long poem; a book.
2. (Mus.) The highest vocal part; the air or melody in choral
music; anciently the tenor, now the soprano.
{Canto fermo}[It.] (Mus.), the plain ecclesiastical chant in
cathedral service; the plain song.
Canton \Can"ton\, n.
A song or canto [Obs.]
Write loyal cantons of contemned love. --Shak.
Canton \Can"ton\, n. [F. canton, augm. of OF. cant edge, corner.
See 1st {Cant}.]
1. A small portion; a division; a compartment.
That little canton of land called the ``English
pale'' --Davies.
There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which,
in six several cantons, the several parts of our
Savior's passion are represented. --Bp. Burnet.
2. A small community or clan.
3. A small territorial district; esp. one of the twenty-two
independent states which form the Swiss federal republic;
in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See
{Arrondissement}.
4. (Her.) A division of a shield occupying one third part of
the chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a
perpendicular line from the top of the shield, meeting a
horizontal line from the side.
The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in
a canton in our arms. --Evelyn.
Canton \Can"ton\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cantoned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cantoning}.] [Cf. F. cantonner.]
1. To divide into small parts or districts; to mark off or
separate, as a distinct portion or division.
They canton out themselves a little Goshen in the
intellectual world. --Locke.
2. (Mil.) To allot separate quarters to, as to different
parts or divisions of an army or body of troops.
Cantonal \Can"ton*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the nature of a
canton.
Canton crape \Can"ton crape"\ (kr[=a]p").
A soft, white or colored silk fabric, of a gauzy texture and
wavy appearance, used for ladies' scarfs, shawls, bonnet
trimmings, etc.; -- called also {Oriental crape}. --De
Colange.
Cantoned \Can"toned\, a.
1. (Her.) Having a charge in each of the four corners; --
said of a cross on a shield, and also of the shield
itself.
2. (Arch.) Having the angles marked by, or decorated with,
projecting moldings or small columns; as, a cantoned pier
or pilaster.
Canton flannel \Can"ton flan"nel\
See {Cotton flannel}.
Cantonize \Can"ton*ize\, v. i.
To divide into cantons or small districts.
Cantonment \Can"ton*ment\, n. [Cf. F. cantonnement.]
A town or village, or part of a town or village, assigned to
a body of troops for quarters; temporary shelter or place of
rest for an army; quarters.
Note: When troops are sheltered in huts or quartered in the
houses of the people during any suspension of
hostilities, they are said to be in cantonment, or to
be cantoned. In India, permanent military stations, or
military towns, are termed cantonments.
Cantoon \Can*toon"\, n.
A cotton stuff showing a fine cord on one side and a satiny
surface on the other.
Cantor \Can"tor\, n. [L., a singer, fr. caner to sing.]
A singer; esp. the leader of a church choir; a precentor.
The cantor of the church intones the Te Deum. --Milman.
Cantoral \Can"tor*al\, a.
Of or belonging to a cantor.
{Cantoral staff}, the official staff or baton of a cantor or
precentor, with which time is marked for the singers.
Cantoris \Can*to"ris\, a. [L., lit., of the cantor, gen. of
cantor.]
Of or pertaining to a cantor; as, the cantoris side of a
choir; a cantoris stall. --Shipley.
Cantrap \Can"trap\, Cantrip \Can"trip\, n. [Cf. Icel. gandar,
ODan. & OSw. gan, witchcraft, and E. trap a snare, tramp.]
A charm; an incantation; a shell; a trick; adroit mischief.
[Written also {cantraip}.] [Scot.]
Cantred \Can"tred\, Cantref \Can"tref\, n. [W. cantref; cant
hundred + tref dwelling place, village.]
A district comprising a hundred villages, as in Wales.
[Written also {kantry}.]
Canty \Can"ty\, a.
Cheerful; sprightly; lively; merry. ``The canty dame.''
--Wordsworth [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Contented with little, and canty with mair. --Burns.
Canuck \Ca*nuck"\, n.
1. A Canadian. [Slang]
2. A small or medium-sized hardy horse, common in Canada.
[Colloq.]
Canula \Can"u*la\, n., Canular \Can"u*lar\, a., Canulated
\Can"u*la`ted\, a.
See {Cannula}, {Cannular}, and {Cannulated}.
Canvas \Can"vas\, n. [OE. canvas, canevas, F. canevas, LL.
canabacius hempen cloth, canvas, L. cannabis hemp, fr. G. ?.
See {Hemp}.]
1. A strong cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton; -- used for
tents, sails, etc.
By glimmering lanes and walls of canvas led.
--Tennyson.
2.
(a) A coarse cloth so woven as to form regular meshes for
working with the needle, as in tapestry, or worsted
work.
(b) A piece of strong cloth of which the surface has been
prepared to receive painting, commonly painting in
oil.
History . . . does not bring out clearly upon
the canvas the details which were familiar. --J.
H. Newman.
3. Something for which canvas is used:
(a) A sail, or a collection of sails.
(b) A tent, or a collection of tents.
(c) A painting, or a picture on canvas.
To suit his canvas to the roughness of the see.
--Goldsmith.
Light, rich as that which glows on the canvas of
Claude. --Macaulay.
4. A rough draft or model of a song, air, or other literary
or musical composition; esp. one to show a poet the
measure of the verses he is to make. --Grabb.
Canvas \Can"vas\, a.
Made of, pertaining to, or resembling, canvas or coarse
cloth; as, a canvas tent.
Canvasback \Can"vas*back`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A Species of duck ({Aythya vallisneria}), esteemed for the
delicacy of its flesh. It visits the United States in autumn;
particularly Chesapeake Bay and adjoining waters; -- so named
from the markings of the plumage on its back.
Canvass \Can"vass\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {canvassed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Canvassing}.] [OF. Canabasser to examine curiously,
to search or sift out; properly, to sift through canvas. See
{Canvas}, n.]
1. To sift; to strain; to examine thoroughly; to scrutinize;
as, to canvass the votes cast at an election; to canvass a
district with reference to its probable vote.
I have made careful search on all hands, and
canvassed the matter with all possible diligence.
--Woodward.
2. To examine by discussion; to debate.
An opinion that we are likely soon to canvass. --Sir
W. Hamilton.
3. To go trough, with personal solicitation or public
addresses; as, to canvass a district for votes; to canvass
a city for subscriptions.
Canvass \Can"vass\, v. i.
To search thoroughly; to engage in solicitation by traversing
a district; as, to canvass for subscriptions or for votes; to
canvass for a book, a publisher, or in behalf of a charity;
-- commonly followed by for.
Canvass \Can"vass\, n.
1. Close inspection; careful review for verification; as, a
canvass of votes. --Bacon.
2. Examination in the way of discussion or debate.
3. Search; exploration; solicitation; systematic effort to
obtain votes, subscribers, etc.
No previous canvass was made for me. --Burke.
Canvasser \Can"vass*er\, n.
One who canvasses.
Cany \Can"y\, a. [From {Cane}.]
Of or pertaining to cane or canes; abounding with canes.
--Milton.
Canyon \Can"yon\, n.
The English form of the Spanish word {Ca[~n]on}.
Canzone \Can*zo"ne\, n. [It., a song, fr. L. cantio, fr. canere
to sing. Cf. {Chanson}, {Chant}.] (Mus.)
(a) A song or air for one or more voices, of Proven[,c]al
origin, resembling, though not strictly, the madrigal.
(b) An instrumental piece in the madrigal style.
Canzonet \Can`zo*net"\, n. [It. canzonetta, dim. of canzone.]
(Mus.)
A short song, in one or more parts.
Caoutchin \Caout"chin\, n. (Chem.)
An inflammable, volatile, oily, liquid hydrocarbon, obtained
by the destructive distillation of caoutchouc.
Caoutchouc \Caout"chouc\, n. [F. caoutchouc, from the South
American name.]
A tenacious, elastic, gummy substance obtained from the milky
sap of several plants of tropical South America (esp. the
euphorbiaceous tree {Siphonia elastica} or {Hevea
caoutchouc}), Asia, and Africa. Being impermeable to liquids
and gases, and not readly affected by exposure to air, acids,
and alkalies, it is used, especially when vulcanized, for
many purposes in the arts and in manufactures. Also called
{India rubber} (because it was first brought from India, and
was formerly used chiefly for erasing pencil marks) and {gum
elastic}. See {Vulcanization}.
{Mineral caoutchouc}. See under {Mineral}.
Caoutchoucin \Caout"chou*cin\, n.
See {Caoutchin}.
Cap \Cap\, n. [OE. cappe, AS. c[ae]ppe, cap, cape, hood, fr. LL,
cappa, capa; perhaps of Iberian origin, as Isidorus of
Seville mentions it first: ``Capa, quia quasi totum capiat
hominem; it. capitis ornamentum.'' See 3d {Cape}, and cf. 1st
{Cope}.]
1. A covering for the head; esp.
(a) One usually with a visor but without a brim, for men
and boys;
(b) One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or infants;
(c) One used as the mark or ensign of some rank, office,
or dignity, as that of a cardinal.
2. The top, or uppermost part; the chief.
Thou art the cap of all the fools alive. --Shak.
3. A respectful uncovering of the head.
He that will give a cap and make a leg in thanks.
--Fuller.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The whole top of the head of a bird from the
base of the bill to the nape of the neck.
5. Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or use; as:
(a) (Arch.) The uppermost of any assemblage of parts; as,
the cap of column, door, etc.; a capital, coping,
cornice, lintel, or plate.
(b) Something covering the top or end of a thing for
protection or ornament.
(c) (Naut.) A collar of iron or wood used in joining
spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and
the jib boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the
end of a rope.
(d) A percussion cap. See under {Percussion}.
(e) (Mech.) The removable cover of a journal box.
(f) (Geom.) A portion of a spherical or other convex
surface.
6. A large size of writing paper; as, flat cap; foolscap;
legal cap.
{Cap of a cannon}, a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep
the priming dry; -- now called an apron.
{Cap in hand}, obsequiously; submissively.
{Cap of liberty}. See {Liberty cap}, under {Liberty}.
{Cap of maintenance}, a cap of state carried before the kings
of England at the coronation. It is also carried before
the mayors of some cities.
{Cap money}, money collected in a cap for the huntsman at the
death of the fox.
{Cap paper}.
(a) A kind of writing paper including flat cap, foolscap,
and legal cap.
(b) A coarse wrapping paper used for making caps to hold
commodities.
{Cap rock} (Mining), The layer of rock next overlying ore,
generally of barren vein material.
{Flat cap}, cap See {Foolscap}.
{Forage cap}, the cloth undress head covering of an officer
of soldier.
{Legal cap}, a kind of folio writing paper, made for the use
of lawyers, in long narrow sheets which have the fold at
the top or ``narrow edge.''
{To set one's cap}, to make a fool of one. (Obs.) --Chaucer.
{To set one's cap for}, to try to win the favor of a man with
a view to marriage. [Colloq.]
Cap \Cap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Capped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Capping}.]
1. To cover with a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a
cap or cover; to cover the top or end of; to place a cap
upon the proper part of; as, to cap a post; to cap a gun.
The bones next the joint are capped with a smooth
cartilaginous substance. --Derham.
2. To deprive of cap. [Obs.] --Spenser.
3. To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest point or
consummation; as, to cap the climax of absurdity.
4. To salute by removing the cap. [Slang. Eng.]
Tom . . . capped the proctor with the profoundest of
bows. --Thackeray.
5. To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a complement to;
as, to cap text; to cap proverbs. --Shak.
Now I have him under girdle I'll cap verses with him
to the end of the chapter. --Dryden.
Note: In capping verses, when one quotes a verse another must
cap it by quoting one beginning with the last letter of
the first letter, or with the first letter of the last
word, or ending with a rhyming word, or by applying any
other arbitrary rule may be agreed upon.
Cap \Cap\, v. i.
To uncover the head respectfully. --Shak.
Capability \Ca`pa*bil"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Capabilities}.
1. The quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp.
intellectual power or ability.
A capability to take a thousand views of a subject.
--H. Taylor.
2. Capacity of being used or improved.
Capable \Ca"pa*ble\, a. [F. capable, LL. capabilis capacious,
capable, fr. L. caper to take, contain. See {Heave}.]
1. Possessing ability, qualification, or susceptibility;
having capacity; of sufficient size or strength; as, a
room capable of holding a large number; a castle capable
of resisting a long assault.
Concious of joy and capable of pain. --Prior.
2. Possessing adequate power; qualified; able; fully
competent; as, a capable instructor; a capable judge; a
mind capable of nice investigations.
More capable to discourse of battles than to give
them. --Motley.
3. Possessing legal power or capacity; as, a man capable of
making a contract, or a will.
4. Capacious; large; comprehensive. [Obs.] --Shak.
Note: Capable is usually followed by of, sometimes by an
infinitive.
Syn: Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient;
effective; skillful.
Capableness \Ca"pa*ble*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being capable; capability;
adequateness; competency.
Capacify \Ca*pac"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Capacified}.] [L.
capax, -acis, capacious + -fy.]
To quality. [R.]
The benefice he is capacified and designed for.
--Barrow.
Capacious \Ca*pa"cious\, a. [L. capaz, -acis, fr. capere to
take. See {Heave}.]
1. Having capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy;
spacious; extended; broad; as, a capacious vessel, room,
bay, or harbor.
In the capacious recesses of his mind. --Bancroft.
2. Able or qualified to make large views of things, as in
obtaining knowledge or forming designs; comprehensive;
liberal. ``A capacious mind.'' --Watts.
Capaciosly \Ca*pa"cios*ly\, adv.
In a capacious manner or degree; comprehensively.
Capaciousness \Ca*pa"cious*ness\, n.
The quality of being capacious, as of a vessel, a reservoir a
bay, the mind, etc.
Capacitate \Ca*pac"i*tate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Capacitated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Capacitating}.]
To render capable; to enable; to qualify.
By thih instruction we may be capaciated to observe
those errors. --Dryden.
Capacity \Ca*pac"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Capacities} (-t[i^]z). [L.
capacitus, fr. capax, capacis; fr. F. capacit['e]. See
{Capacious}.]
1. The power of receiving or containing; extent of room or
space; passive power; -- used in reference to physical
things.
Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host,
we all would sup together. --Shak.
The capacity of the exhausted cylinder. --Boyle.
2. The power of receiving and holding ideas, knowledge, etc.;
the comprehensiveness of the mind; the receptive faculty;
capability of undestanding or feeling.
Capacity is now properly limited to these [the mere
passive operations of the mind]; its primary
signification, which is literally room for, as well
as its employment, favars this; although it can not
be dented that there are examples of its usage in an
active sense. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
3. Ability; power pertaining to, or resulting from, the
possession of strength, wealth, or talent; possibility of
being or of doing.
The capacity of blessing the people. --Alex.
Hamilton.
A cause with such capacities endued. --Blackmore.
4. Outward condition or circumstances; occupation;
profession; character; position; as, to work in the
capacity of a mason or a carpenter.
5. (Law) Legal or noral qualification, as of age, residence,
character, etc., necessary for certain purposes, as for
holding office, for marrying, for making contracts, will,
etc.; legal power or right; competency.
{Capacity for heat}, the power of absorbing heat. Substances
differ in the amount of heat requisite to raise them a
given number of thermometric degrees, and this difference
is the measure of, or depends upon, what is called their
capacity for heat. See {Specific heat}, under {Heat}.
Syn: Ability; faculty; talent; capability; skill; efficiency;
cleverness. See {Ability}.
Capape \Cap`*a*pe"\, adv.
See {Cap-a-pie}. --Shak.
Capapie \Cap`*a*pie"\, adv. [OF. (?) cap-a-pie, from head to
foot, now de pied en cap from foot to head; L. per foot +
caput head.]
From head to foot; at all points. ``He was armed cap-a-pie.''
--Prescott.
Caparison \Ca*par"i*son\, n. [F. capara?on, fr. Sp. caparazon a
cover for a saddle, coach, etc.; capa cloak, cover (fr. LL.
capa, cf. LL. caparo also fr. capa) + the term. azon. See
{Cap}.]
1. An ornamental covering or housing for a horse; the harness
or trappings of a horse, taken collectively, esp. when
decorative.
Their horses clothed with rich caparison. --Drylen.
2. Gay or rich clothing.
My heart groans beneath the gay caparison.
--Smollett.
Caparison \Ca*par"i*son\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Caparisoned}p.
pr. & vb. n. {Caparisoning}.] [Cf. F capara[,c]onner.]
1. To cover with housings, as a horse; to harness or fit out
with decorative trappings, as a horse.
The steeds, caparisoned with purple, stand.
--Dryden.
2. To aborn with rich dress; to dress.
I am caparisoned like a man. --Shak.
Caparro \Ca*par"ro\, n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large South American monkey ({Lagothrix Humboldtii}), with
prehensile tail.
Capcase \Cap"case`\, n.
A small traveling case or bandbox; formerly, a chest.
A capcase for your linen and your plate. --Beau. & Fl.
Cape \Cape\ (k[=a]p), n. [F. cap, fr. It. capo head, cape, fr.
L. caput heat, end, point. See {Chief}.]
A piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast
into the sea or a lake; a promontory; a headland.
{Cape buffalo} (Zo["o]l.) a large and powerful buffalo of
South Africa ({Bubalus Caffer}). It is said to be the most
dangerous wild beast of Africa. See {Buffalo}, 2.
{Cape jasmine}, {Cape jassamine}. See {Jasmine}.
{Cape pigeon} (Zo["o]l.), a petrel ({Daptium Capense}) common
off the Cape of Good Hope. It is about the size of a
pigeon.
{Cape wine}, wine made in South Africa [Eng.]
{The Cape}, the Cape of Good Hope, in the general sense of
southern extremity of Africa. Also used of Cape Horn, and,
in New England, of Cape Cod.
Cape \Cape\, v. i. (Naut.)
To head or point; to keep a course; as, the ship capes
southwest by south.
Cape \Cape\, n. [OE. Cape, fr. F. cape; cf. LL. cappa. See
{Cap}, and cf. 1st {Cope}, {Chape}.]
A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the
neck over the back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching
below the hips. See {Cloak}.
Cape \Cape\, v. i. [See {Gape}.]
To gape. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Capel \Ca"pel\ (k[=a]"p[e^]l), Caple \Ca"ple\ (-p'l), n. [Icel.
kapall; cf. L. caballus.]
A horse; a nag. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Holland.
Capel \Ca"pel\ (k[=a]"p[e^]l), n. (Mining)
A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornblende) in the
walls of tin and copper lodes.
Capelan \Cap"e*lan\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Capelin}.
Capelin \Cape"lin\, n. [Cf. F. capelan, caplan.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small marine fish ({Mallotus villosus}) of the family
{Salmonid[ae]}, very abundant on the coasts of Greenland,
Iceland, Newfoundland, and Alaska. It is used as a bait for
the cod. [Written also {capelan} and {caplin}.]
Note: This fish, which is like a smelt, is called by the
Spaniards anchova, and by the Portuguese capelina.
--Fisheries of U. S. (1884).
Cappeline \Cap"pe*line`\, n. [F., fr. LL. capella. See
{Chapel}.] (Med.)
A hood-shaped bandage for the head, the shoulder, or the
stump of an amputated limb.
Capella \Ca*pel"la\, n. [L., a little goet, dim. of caper a
goat.] (Asrton.)
A brilliant star in the constellation Auriga.
Capellane \Cap"el*lane\, n. [See {Chaplain}.]
The curate of a chapel; a chaplain. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Capelle \Ca*pel"le\, n. [G.] (Mus.)
The private orchestra or band of a prince or of a church.
Capellet \Cap"el*let\, n. [F. capelet.] (Far.)
A swelling, like a wen, on the point of the elbow (or the
heel of the hock) of a horse, caused probably by bruises in
lying down.
Capellmeister \Ca*pell"meis`ter\, n. [G., fr. capelle chapel,
private band of a prince + meister a master.]
The musical director in royal or ducal chapel; a
choir-master. [Written also {kapellmeister}.]
Caper \Ca"per\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Capered} p. pr. & vb. n.
{capering}.] [From older capreoll to caper, cf. F. se cabrer
to prance; all ultimately fr. L. caper, capra, goat. See
{Capriole}.]
To leap or jump about in a sprightly manner; to cut capers;
to skip; to spring; to prance; to dance.
He capers, he dances, he has eyes of youth. --Shak.
Caper \Ca"per\, n.
A frolicsome leap or spring; a skip; a jump, as in mirth or
dancing; a prank.
{To cut a caper}, to frolic; to make a sportive spring; to
play a prank. --Shak.
Caper \Ca"per\, n. [D. kaper.]
A vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer. --Wright.
Caper \Ca"per\, n. [F. c[^a]pre, fr. L. capparis, Gr. ?; cf. Ar.
& Per. al-kabar.]
1. The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and
Oriental caper ({Capparis spinosa}), much used for
pickles.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus {Capparis}; -- called also
{caper bush}, {caper tree}.
Note: The {Capparis spinosa} is a low prickly shrub of the
Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and
brilliant flowers; -- cultivated in the south of Europe
for its buds. The {C. sodada} is an almost leafless
spiny shrub of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and
southern India, with edible berries.
{Bean caper}. See {Bran caper}, in the {Vocabulary}.
{Caper sauce}, a kind of sauce or catchup made of capers.
Caperberry \Ca"per*ber`ry\, n.
1. The small olive-shaped berry of the European and Oriental
caper, said to be used in pickles and as a condiment.
2. The currantlike fruit of the African and Arabian caper
({Capparis sodado}).
Caper bush \Ca"per bush`\, Caper tree \Ca"per tree`\
See {Capper}, a plant, 2.
Capercailzie \Ca"per*cail`zie\, or Capercally \Ca"per*cal`ly\,
n. [Gael, capulcoile.] (Zo["o]l.)
A species of grouse ({Tetrao uragallus}) of large size and
fine flavor, found in northern Europe and formerly in
Scotland; -- called also {cock of the woods}. [Written also
{capercaillie}, {capercaili}.]
Caperclaw \Ca"per*claw`\, v. t.
To treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat treats a mouse; to
abuse. [Obs.] --Birch.
Caperer \Ca"per*er\, n.
One who capers, leaps, and skips about, or dances.
The nimble capperer on the cord. --Dryden.
Capful \Cap"ful\, n.; pl. {Capfuls}.
As much as will fill a cap.
{A capful of wind} (Naut.), a light puff of wind.
Capias \Ca"pi*as\, n. [L. thou mayst take.] (Low)
A writ or process commanding the officer to take the body of
the person named in it, that is, to arrest him; -- also
called {writ of capias}.
Note: One principal kind of capias is a writ by which actions
at law are frequently commenced; another is a writ of
execution issued after judgment to satisfy damages
recovered; a capias in criminal law is the process to
take a person charged on an indictment, when he is not
in custody. --Burrill. Wharton.
Capibara \Ca`pi*ba"ra\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Capybara}.
Capillaceous \Cap`il*la"ceous\, a. [L. capillaceus hairy, fr.
capillus hair.]
Having long filaments; resembling a hair; slender. See
{Capillary}.
Capillaire \Cap`il*laire"\, n. [F. capillaire maiden-hair; sirop
de capillaire capillaire; fr. L. herba capillaris the
maidenhair.]
1. A sirup prepared from the maiden-hair, formerly supposed
to have medicinal properties.
2. Any simple sirup flavored with orange flowers.
Capillament \Ca*pil"la*ment\, n. [L. capillamentum, fr. capillus
hair: cf. F. capillament.]
1. (Bot.) A filament. [R.]
2. (Anat.) Any villous or hairy covering; a fine fiber or
filament, as of the nerves.
Capillariness \Cap"il*la*ri*ness\, n.
The quality of being capillary.
Capillarity \Cap`il*lar"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. capillarit['e].]
1. The quality or condition of being capillary.
2. (Physics) The peculiar action by which the surface of a
liquid, where it is in contact with a solid (as in a
capillary tube), is elevated or depressed; capillary
attraction.
Note: Capillarity depends upon the relative attaction of the
modecules of the liquid for each other and for those of
the solid, and is especially observable in capillary
tubes, where it determines the ascent or descent of the
liquid above or below the level of the liquid which the
tube is dipped; -- hence the name.
Capillary \Cap"il*la*ry\ (k[a^]p"[i^]l*l[asl]*r[y^] or
k[.a]*p[i^]l"l[.a]*r[y^]; 277), a. [L. capillaris, fr.
capillus hair. Cf. {Capillaire}.]
1. Resembling a hair; fine; minute; very slender; having
minute tubes or interspaces; having very small bore; as,
the capillary vessels of animals and plants.
2. Pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels; as, capillary
action.
{Capillary attraction}, {Capillary repulsion}, the apparent
attraction or repulsion between a solid and liquid caused
by capillarity. See {Capillarity}, and {Attraction}.
{Capillarity tubes}. See the {Note} under {Capillarity}.
Capillary \Cap"il*la*ry\, n.; pl. {Capillaries}.
1. A tube or vessel, extremely fine or minute.
2. (Anat.) A minute, thin-walled vessel; particularly one of
the smallest blood vessels connecting arteries and veins,
but used also for the smallest lymphatic and biliary
vessels.
Capillation \Cap`il*la"tion\, n. [L. capillatio the hair.]
A capillary blood vessel. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Capillature \Ca*pil"la*ture\, n. [L. capillatura.]
A bush of hair; frizzing of the hair. --Clarke.
Capilliform \Ca*pil"li*form\, a. [L. capillus hair + -form.]
In the shape or form of, a hair, or of hairs.
Capillose \Cap"il*lose`\, a. [L. capillosus.]
Having much hair; hairy. [R.]
Capistrate \Ca*pis"trate\, a. [L. capistratus, p. p. of
capistrare halter.] (Zo["o]l.)
Hooded; cowled.
Capital \Cap"i*tal\, a. [F. capital, L. capitalis capital (in
senses 1 & 2), fr. caput head. See {Chief}, and cf.
{Capital}, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to the head. [Obs.]
Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise Expect
with mortal pain. --Milton.
2. Having reference to, or involving, the forfeiture of the
head or life; affecting life; punishable with death; as,
capital trials; capital punishment.
Many crimes that are capital among us. --Swift.
To put to death a capital offender. --Milton.
3. First in importance; chief; principal.
A capital article in religion --Atterbury.
Whatever is capital and essential in Christianity.
--I. Taylor.
4. Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the
general government of a state or nation; as, Washington
and Paris are capital cities.
5. Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a capital speech or
song. [Colloq.]
{Capital letter} [F, lettre capitale] (Print.), a leading or
heading letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as
the first letter of certain words, distinguished, for the
most part, both by different form and larger size, from
the small (lower-case) letters, which form the greater
part of common print or writing.
{Small capital letters} have the form of capital letters and
height of the body of the lower-case letters.
{Capital stock}, money, property, or stock invested in any
business, or the enterprise of any corporation or
institution. --Abbott.
Syn: Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.
Capital \Cap"i*tal\, n. [Cf. L. capitellum and Capitulum, a
small head, the head, top, or capital of a column, dim. of
caput head; F. chapiteau, OF. capitel. See {Chief}, and cf.
{Cattle}, {Chattel}, {Chapiter}, {Chapter}.]
1. (Arch.) The head or uppermost member of a column,
pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three parts,
abacus, bell (or vase), and necking. See these terms, and
{Column}.
2. [Cf. F. capilate, fem., sc. ville.] (Geog.) The seat of
government; the chief city or town in a country; a
metropolis. ``A busy and splendid capital'' --Macauly.
3. [Cf. F. capital.] Money, property, or stock employed in
trade, manufactures, etc.; the sum invested or lent, as
distinguished from the income or interest. See {Capital
stock}, under {Capital}, a.
4. (Polit. Econ.) That portion of the produce of industry,
which may be directly employed either to support human
beings or to assist in production. --M'Culloch.
Note: When wealth is used to assist production it is called
capital. The capital of a civilized community includes
fixed capital (i.e. buildings, machines, and roads used
in the course of production and exchange) amd
circulating capital (i.e., food, fuel, money, etc.,
spent in the course of production and exchange). --T.
Raleigh.
5. Anything which can be used to increase one's power or
influence.
He tried to make capital out of his rival's
discomfiture. --London
Times.
6. (Fort.) An imaginary line dividing a bastion, ravelin, or
other work, into two equal parts.
7. A chapter, or section, of a book. [Obs.]
Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th capital.
--Sir W.
Scott.
8. (Print.) See {Capital letter}, under {Capital}, a.
{Active capital}. See under {Active},
{Small capital} (Print.), a small capital letter. See under
{Capital}, a.
{To live on one's capital}, to consume one's capital without
producing or accumulating anything to replace it.
Capitalist \Cap"i*tal*ist\, n. [Cf. F. capitaliste.]
One who has capital; one who has money for investment, or
money invested; esp. a person of large property, which is
employed in business.
The expenditure of the capitalist. --Burke.
Capitalization \Cap"i*tal*i*za`tion\, n.
The act or process of capitalizing.
Capitalize \Cap"i*tal*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Capitalized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Capitalizing}.]
1. To convert into capital, or to use as capital.
2. To compute, appraise, or assess the capital value of (a
patent right, an annuity, etc.)
3. To print in capital letters, or with an initial capital.
Capitally \Cap*i*tal*ly\, adv.
1. In a way involving the forfeiture of the head or life; as,
to punish capitally.
2. In a capital manner; excellently. [Colloq.]
Capitalness \Cap"i*tal*ness\, n.
The quality of being capital; preeminence. [R.]
Capitan Pasha \Ca`pi*tan` Pa*sha`\ or Pacha \Pa*cha`\ [See
{capitan}.]
The chief admiral of the Turkish fleet.
Capitate \Cap"i*tate\, a. [L. capitatus fr. caput head.]
1. Headlike in form; also, having the distal end enlarged and
rounded, as the stigmas of certain flowers.
2. (Bot.) Having the flowers gathered into a head.
Capitatim \Cap`i*ta"tim\, a. [NL.]
Of so much per head; as, a capitatim tax; a capitatim grant.
Capitation \Cap`i*ta"tion\, n. [L. capitatio a poll tax, fr.
caput head; cf. F. capitation.]
1. A numbering of heads or individuals. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
2. A tax upon each head or person, without reference to
property; a poll tax.
Capite \Cap"i*te\, n. [L., abl. of caput head.]
See under {Tenant}.
Capitellate \Cap`i*tel"late\, a. [L. capitellum, dim. of caput
head.] (Bot.)
Having a very small knoblike termination, or collected into
minute capitula.
Capitibranchiata \Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta\, n. pl. [NL., from L.
caput, capitis, head + -branchiae gills.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of annelids in which the gills arise from or near
the head. See {Tubicola}.
Capitol \Cap"i*tol\, [L. capitolium, fr. caput head: cf. F.
capitole. See {Chief}.]
1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona Capitolinus,
where the Senate met.
Comes C[ae]sar to the Capitol to-morrow? --Shak.
2. The edifice at Washington occupied by the Congress of the
United States; also, the building in which the legislature
of State holds its sessions; a statehouse.
Capitolian \Cap`i*to"li*an\, Capitoline \Cap"i*to*line\, a. [L.
capitolinus: cf. F. capitolin.]
Of or pertaining to the Capitol in Rome. ``Capitolian Jove.''
--Macaulay.
{Capitoline games} (Antiq.), annual games instituted at Rome
by Camillus, in honor of Jupter Capitolinus, on account of
the preservation of the Capitol from the Gauls; when
reinstituted by Domitian, arter a period of neglect, they
were held every fifth year.
Capitula \Ca*pit"u*la\, n. pl.
See {Capitulum}.
Capitular \Ca*pit"u*lar\, n. [LL. capitulare, capitularium, fr.
L. capitulum a small head, a chapter, dim. of capit head,
chapter.]
1. An act passed in a chapter.
2. A member of a chapter.
The chapter itself, and all its members or
capitulars. --Ayliffe.
3. The head or prominent part.
Capitular \Ca*pit"u*lar\, a.
1. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a chapter; capitulary.
From the pope to the member of the capitular body.
--Milman.
2. (Bot.) Growing in, or pertaining to, a capitulum.
3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a capitulum; as, the capitular
process of a vertebra, the process which articulates with
the capitulum of a rib.
Capitularly \Ca*pit"u*lar*ly\, adv.
In the manner or form of an ecclesiastical chapter. --Sterne.
Capitulary \Ca*pit"u*la*ry\, n.; pl. {Capitularies}. [See
{Capitular}.]
1. A capitular.
2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of an
ecclesiastical council.
3. A collection of laws or statutes, civil and
ecclesiastical, esp. of the Frankish kings, in chapters or
sections.
Several of Charlemagne's capitularies. --Hallam.
Capitulary \Ca*pit"u*la*ry\, a.
Relating to the chapter of a cathedral; capitular.
``Capitulary acts.'' --Warton.
Capitulate \Ca*pit"u*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Capitulated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Capitulating}.] [LL. capitulatus, p. p. of
capitulare to capitulate: cf. F. capituler. See {Capitular},
n.]
1. To settle or draw up the heads or terms of an agreement,
as in chapters or articles; to agree. [Obs.]
There capitulates with the king . . . to take to
wife his daughter Mary. --Heylin.
There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement
to certain heads or capitula should not be called to
capitulate. --Trench.
2. To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually, drawn up under
several heads); as, an army or a garrison capitulates.
The Irish, after holding out a week, capitulated.
--Macaulay.
Capitulate \Ca*pit"u*late\, v. t.
To surrender or transfer, as an army or a fortress, on
certain conditions. [R.]
Capitulation \Ca*pit`u*la"tion\, n. [Cf. F. capitulation, LL.
capitulatio.]
1. A reducing to heads or articles; a formal agreement.
With special capitulation that neither the Scots nor
the French shall refortify. --Bp. Burnet.
2. The act of capitulating or surrendering to an emeny upon
stipulated terms.
3. The instrument containing the terms of an agreement or
surrender.
Capitulator \Ca*pit"u*la`tor\, n. [LL.]
One who capitulates.
Capitule \Cap"i*tule\, n. [L. capitulum small head, chapter.]
A summary. [Obs.]
Capitulum \Ca*pit"u*lum\, n.; pl. {Capitula}. [L., a small
head.]
1. A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as a clover
top, or a dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may
be either globular or flat. --Gray.
2. (Anat.) A knoblike protuberance of any part, esp. at the
end of a bone or cartilage.
Note: [See Illust. of {Artiodactyla}.]
Capivi \Ca*pi"vi\, n. [Cf. {Copaiba}.]
A balsam of the Spanish West Indies. See {Copaiba}.
Caple \Ca"ple\, n.
See {Capel}.
Caplin \Cap"lin\, n.
See {Capelin}.
Caplin \Cap"lin\, Capling \Cap"ling\, n.
The cap or coupling of a flail, through which the thongs pass
which connect the handle and swingel. --Wright.
Capnomancy \Cap"no*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ? smoke + mancy: cf. F.
capnomancie.]
Divination by means of the ascent or motion of smoke.
Capnomor \Cap"no*mor\, n. [Gr. ? smoke + ?, equiv. to ? part.]
(Chem.)
A limpid, colorless oil with a peculiar odor, obtained from
beech tar. --Watts.
Capoc \Ca*poc"\, n. [Malay k[=a]poq.]
A sort of cotton so short and fine that it can not be spun,
used in the East Indies to line palanquins, to make
mattresses, etc.
Capoch \Ca*poch"\, n.; pl. {Capoches}. [Cf. Sp. capucho, It.
cappucio, F. Capuce, capuchon, LL. caputium, fr. capa cloak.
See Cap.]
A hood; especially, the hood attached to the gown of a monk.
Capoch \Ca*poch"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Capoched}.]
To cover with, or as with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or
blind. --Hudibras.
Capon \Ca"pon\, n. [OE. capon, chapoun, AS. cap?n (cf. F.
chapon), L. capo, fr. Gr. ? akin to ? to cut, OSlav. skopiti
to casrate. CF. {Comma}.]
A castrated cock, esp. when fattened; a male chicken gelded
to improve his flesh for the table. --Shak.
The merry thought of a capon. --W. Irving.
Capon \Ca"pon\, v. t.
To castrate; to make a capon of.
Caponet \Ca"pon*et\, n.
A young capon. [R.] --Chapman.
Caponiere \Cap`o*niere"\, n. [F. caponni[`e]re, fr. Sp.
caponera, orig., a cage for fattening capons, hence, a place
of refuge; cf. It. capponiera. See {Capon}.] (Fort.)
A work made across or in the ditch, to protect it from the
enemy, or to serve as a covered passageway.
Caponize \Ca"pon*ize\, v. t.
To castrate, as a fowl.
Capot \Ca*pot"\, n. [F.]
A winning of all the tricks at the game of piquet. It counts
for forty points. --Hoyle.
Capot \Ca*pot"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Capotted}.]
To win all the tricks from, in playing at piquet.
Capote \Ca*pote"\, n. [Sp. capote (cf. F. capote.), fr. LL. capa
cape, cloak. See {Cap}.]
A long cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood.
Capouch \Ca*pouch"\, n. & v. t.
Same as {Capoch}.
Cappadine \Cap"pa*dine\, n.
A floss or waste obtained from the cocoon after the silk has
been reeled off, used for shag.
Cappaper \Cap"pa`per\,
See {cap}, n., also {Paper}, n.
Cappeak \Cap"peak`\, n.
The front piece of a cap; -- now more commonly called visor.
Cappella \Cap*pel"la\, n.
See {A cappella}.
Capper \Cap"per\, n.
1. One whose business is to make or sell caps.
2. A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers [Slang, U. S.]
.
3. An instrument for applying a percussion cap to a gun or
cartridge.
Capping plane \Cap"ping plane`\ (Join.)
A plane used for working the upper surface of staircase
rails.
Capra \Ca"pra\, n. [L., a she goat.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of ruminants, including the common goat.
Caprate \Cap"rate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of capric acid.
Capreolate \Cap"re*o*late\, a. [L. capreolus wild goat, tendril,
fr. caper goat: cf. F. capr['e]ol['e].] (Bot.)
Having a tendril or tendrils.
Capreoline \Cap"re*o*line\, a. [L. capreolus wild goat, fr.
caper goat.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the roebuck.
Capric \Cap"ric\, a. [L. caper goat.] (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to capric acid or its derivatives.
{Capric acid}, {C9H19.CO2H}, {Caprylic acid}, {C7H15.CO2H},
and {Caproic acid}, {C5H11.CO2H}, are fatty acids
occurring in small quantities in butter, cocoanut oil,
etc., united with glycerin; they are colorless oils, or
white crystalline solids, of an unpleasant odor like that
of goats or sweat.
Cariccio \Ca*ric"cio\, n. [It. See {Caprice}.]
1. (Mus.) A piece in a free form, with frequent digressions
from the theme; a fantasia; -- often called caprice.
2. A caprice; a freak; a fancy. --Shak.
Capricioso \Ca*pri*cio"so\, a. [It.] (Mus)
In a free, fantastic style.
Caprice \Ca*price"\, n. [F. caprice, It. capriccio, caprice
(perh. orig. a fantastical goat leap), fr. L. caper, capra,
goat. Cf {Capriole}, {Cab}, {Caper}, v. i.]
1. An abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action,
proceeding from some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion.
``Caprices of appetite.'' --W. Irving.
2. (Mus.) See {Capriccio}.
Syn: Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor; whimsey;
fickleness.
Capricious \Ca*pri"cious\, a. [Cf. F. capricleux, It.
capriccioso.]
Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change suddenly;
freakish; whimsical; changeable. ``Capricious poet.'' --Shak.
``Capricious humor.'' --Hugh Miller.
A capricious partiality to the Romish practices.
--Hallam.
Syn: Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety;
fitful; wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain;
inconstant; arbitrary. -- {Ca*pri"cious*ly}, adv. --
{Ca*pri"cious*ness}, n.
Capricorn \Cap"ri*corn\, n. [L. capricornus; caper goat + cornu
horn: cf. F. capricorne.]
1. (Astron.) The tenth sign of zodiac, into which the sun
enters at the winter solstice, about December 21. See
{Tropic}.
The sun was entered into Capricorn. --Dryden.
2. (Astron.) A southern constellation, represented on ancient
monuments by the figure of a goat, or a figure with its
fore part like a fish.
{Capricorn beetle} (Zo["o]l.), any beetle of the family
{Carambucid[ae]}; one of the long-horned beetles. The
larv[ae] usually bore into the wood or bark of trees and
shrubs and are often destructive. See {Girdler}, {Pruner}.
Caprid \Cap"rid\, a. [L. caper, capra, goat.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the tribe of ruminants of which the goat,
or genus {Capra}, is the type.
Caprification \Cap`ri*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. caprificatio, fr.
caprificare to ripen figs by caprification, fr. caprificus
the wild fig; caper goat + ficus fig.]
The practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree,
branches of the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous
insects.
Note: It is supposed that the little insects insure
fertilization by carrying the pollen from the male
flowers near the opening of the fig down to the female
flowers, and also accelerate ripening the fruit by
puncturing it. The practice has existed since ancient
times, but its benefit has been disputed.
Caprifole \Cap"ri*fole\, n. [L. caper goat + folium leaf.]
The woodbine or honeysuckle. --Spenser.
Caprifoliaceous \Cap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Honeysuckle family of
plants ({Caprifoliac[ae]}.
Capriform \Cap"ri*form\, a. [L. caper goat + -form.]
Having the form of a goat.
Caprigenous \Ca*prig"e*nous\, a. [L. caprigenus; caper goat +
gegnere to produce.]
Of the goat kind.
Caprine \Cap"rine\, a. [L. caprinus.]
Of or pertaining to a goat; as, caprine gambols.
Capriole \Cap"ri*ole\, n. [F. capriole, cabriole, It. capriola,
fr. L. caper goat. Cf. {Caper}, v. i. {Cabriole}, {Caprice},
{Cheveril}.]
1. (Man.) A leap that a horse makes with all fours, upwards
only, without advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the
hind legs when at the height of the leap.
2. A leap or caper, as in dancing. ``With lofty turns and
caprioles.'' --Sir J. Davies.
Capriole \Cap"ri*ole\, v. i.
To perform a capriole. --Carlyle.
Capriped \Cap"ri*ped\, a. [L. capripers; caper goat + pes pedis,
foot.]
Having feet like those of a goat.
Caproate \Cap"ro*ate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of caproic acid.
Caproic \Ca*pro"ic\, a. (Chem.)
See under {Capric}.
Caprylate \Cap"ry*late\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of caprylic acid.
Caprylic \Ca*pryl"ic\, a. (Chem.)
See under {Capric}.
Capsaicin \Cap*sa"i*cin\, n. [From {Capsicum}.] (Chem.)
A colorless crystalline substance extracted from the
{Capsicum annuum}, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.
Capsheaf \Cap"sheaf`\, n.
The top sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the crowning or
finishing part of a thing.
Capsicin \Cap"si*cin\, n. [From {Capsicum}.] (Chem.)
A red liquid or soft resin extracted from various species of
capsicum.
Capsicine \Cap"si*cine\, n. [From {Capsicum}.] (Chem.)
A volatile alkaloid extracted from {Capsicum annuum} or from
capsicin.
Capsicum \Cap"si*cum\ (k[a^]p"s[i^]*k[u^]m), n. [NL., fr. L.
capsa box, chest.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry
berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent,
biting taste, and when ground form the red or Cayenne pepper
of commerce. [1913 Webster]
Note: The most important species are {Capsicum baccatum} or
bird pepper, {C. fastigiatum} or chili pepper, {C.
frutescens} or spur pepper, and {C. annuum} or Guinea
pepper, which includes the bell pepper and other common
garden varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its
green and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See
{Cayenne pepper}. [1913 Webster]
Capsize \Cap*size"\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Capsized}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Capsizing}.] [Cf. Sp. cabecear to nod, pitch,
capuzar, chapuzar, to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr.
L. caput head.]
To upset or overturn, as a vessel or other body.
But what if carrying sail capsize the boat? --Byron.
Capsize \Cap"size`\, n.
An upset or overturn.
Capsquare \Cap"*square\, n. (Gun.)
A metal covering plate which passes over the trunnions of a
cannon, and holds it in place.
Capstan \Cap"stan\, n. [F. cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante,
cabrestante, fr. cabestrar to bind with a halter, fr.
cabestrohalter, fr. L. capistrum halter, fr. capere to hold
(see {Capacious}); or perh. the Spanish is fr. L. caper goat
+ stans, p. pr. of stare to stand; cf. F. ch[`e]vre she-goat,
also a machine for raising heavy weights.]
A vertical cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright
spindle, and surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars
or levers. It is much used, especially on shipboard, for
moving or raising heavy weights or exerting great power by
traction upon a rope or cable, passing around the drum. It is
operated either by steam power or by a number of men walking
around the capstan, each pushing on the end of a lever fixed
in its socket. [Sometimes spelt {Capstern}, but improperly.]
{Capstan bar}, one of the long bars or levers by which the
capstan is worked; a handspike..
{To pawl the capstan}, to drop the pawls so that they will
catch in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the
capstan from turning back.
{To rig the capstan}, to prepare the for use, by putting the
bars in the sockets.
{To surge the capstan}, to slack the tension of the rope or
cable wound around it.
Capstone \Cap"stone`\, n. (Paleon.)
A fossil echinus of the genus {Cannulus}; -- so called from
its supposed resemblance to a cap.
Capsular \Cap"su*lar\, Capsulary \Cap"su*la*ry\, a. [Cf. F.
capsulaire.]
Of or pertaining to a capsule; having the nature of a
capsule; hollow and fibrous.
{Capsular ligament} (Anat.), a ligamentous bag or capsule
surrounding many movable joints in the skeleton.
Capsulate \Cap"su*late\, Capsulated \Cap"su*la`ted\, a.
Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box.
Capsule \Cap"sule\, n. [L. capsula a little box or chest, fr.
capsa chest, case, fr. capere to take, contain: cf. F.
capsule.]
1. (Bot.) a dry fruit or pod which is made up of several
parts or carpels, and opens to discharge the seeds, as,
the capsule of the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.
2. (Chem.)
(a) A small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples
of ores, etc.; a scorifier.
(b) a small, shallow, evaporating dish, usually of
porcelain.
3. (Med.) A small cylindrical or spherical gelatinous
envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses are inclosed to
be swallowed.
4. (Anat.) A membranous sac containing fluid, or investing an
organ or joint; as, the capsule of the lens of the eye.
Also, a capsulelike organ.
5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a bottle.
6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a percussion cap,
cartridge, etc.
{Atrabiliary capsule}. See under {Atrabiliary}.
{Glisson's capsule}, a membranous envelope, entering the
liver along with the portal vessels and insheathing the
latter in their course through the organ.
{Suprarenal capsule}, an organ of unknown function, above or
in front of each kidney.
Captain \Cap"tain\ (k[a^]p"t[i^]n), n. [OE. capitain, captain,
OF. capitain, F. capitaine (cf. Sp. capitan, It. capitano),
LL. capitaneus, capitanus, fr. L. caput the head. See under
{Chief}, and cf. {Chieftain}.]
1. A head, or chief officer; as:
(a) The military officer who commands a company, troop, or
battery, or who has the rank entitling him to do so
though he may be employed on other service.
(b) An officer in the United States navy, next above a
commander and below a commodore, and ranking with a
colonel in the army.
(c) By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel,
although not having the rank of captain.
(d) The master or commanding officer of a merchant vessel.
(e) One in charge of a portion of a ship's company; as, a
captain of a top, captain of a gun, etc.
(f) The foreman of a body of workmen.
(g) A person having authority over others acting in
concert; as, the captain of a boat's crew; the captain
of a football team.
A trainband captain eke was he. --Cowper.
The Rhodian captain, relying on . . . the
lightness of his vessel, passed, in open day,
through all the guards. --Arbuthnot.
2. A military leader; a warrior.
Foremost captain of his time. --Tennyson.
{Captain general}.
(a) The commander in chief of an army or armies, or of the
militia.
(b) The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent
islands.
{Captain lieutenant}, a lieutenant with the rank and duties
of captain but with a lieutenant's pay, -- as in the first
company of an English regiment.
Captain \Cap"tain\, v. t.
To act as captain of; to lead. [R.]
Men who captained or accompanied the exodus from
existing forms. --Lowell.
Captain \Cap"tain\, a.
Chief; superior. [R.]
captain jewes in the carcanet. --Shak.
Captaincy \Cap"tain*cy\, n.; pl. {Captaincies}.
The rank, post, or commission of a captain. --Washington.
{Captaincy general}, the office, power, territory, or
jurisdiction of a captain general; as, the captaincy
general of La Habana (Cuba and its islands).
Captainry \Cap"tain*ry\, n. [Cf. F. capitainerie.]
Power, or command, over a certain district; chieftainship.
[Obs.]
Captainship \Cap"tain*ship\, n.
1. The condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or
chief commander. ``To take the captainship.'' --Shak.
2. Military skill; as, to show good captainship.
Captation \Cap*ta`tion\, n. [L. captatio, fr. captare to catch,
intens. of caper to take: cf. F. captation.]
A courting of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a
captivating quality; an attraction. [Obs.]
Without any of those dresses, or popular captations,
which some men use in their speeches. --Eikon
Basilike.
Caption \Cap"tion\, n. [L. captio, fr. caper to take. In senses
3 and 4, perhaps confounded in meaning with L. caput a head.
See {Capacious}.]
1. A caviling; a sophism. [Obs.]
This doctrine is for caption and contradiction.
--Bacon.
2. The act of taking or arresting a person by judicial
process. [R.] --Bouvier.
3. (Law) That part of a legal instrument, as a commission,
indictment, etc., which shows where, when, and by what
authority, it was taken, found, or executed. --Bouvier.
--Wharton.
4. The heading of a chapter, section, or page. [U. S.]
Captious \Cap"tious\, a. [F. captieux, L. captiosus. See
{Caption}.]
1. Apt to catch at faults; disposed to find fault or to
cavil; eager to object; difficult to please.
A captious and suspicious age. --Stillingfleet.
I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to
abide the test of a captious controversy. --Bwike.
2. Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare; insidious;
troublesome.
Captious restraints on navigation. --Bancroft.
Syn: Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious;
hypercritical; peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome.
Usage: {Captious}, {caviling}, {Carping}. A captious person
is one who has a fault-finding habit or manner, or is
disposed to catch at faults, errors, etc., with
quarrelsome intent; a caviling person is disposed to
raise objections on frivolous grounds; carping implies
that one is given to ill-natured, persistent, or
unreasonable fault-finding, or picking up of the words
or actions of others.
Caviling is the carping of argument, carping the
caviling of ill temper. --C. J. Smith.
Captiously \Cap"tious*ly\, adv.
In a captious manner.
Captiousness \Cap"tious*ness\, n.
Captious disposition or manner.
Captivate \Cap"ti*vate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Captivated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Captivating}.] [L. captivatus, p. p. of
captivare to capture, fr. captivus captive. See {Captive}.]
1. To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue. [Obs.]
Their woes whom fortune captivates. --Shak.
2. To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art or
attraction; to fascinate; to charm; as, Cleopatra
captivated Antony; the orator captivated all hearts.
Small landscapes of captivating loveliness. --W.
Irving.
Syn: To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant; bewitch;
facinate; capture; lead captive.
Captivate \Cap"ti*vate\, p. a. [L. captivatus.]
Taken prisoner; made captive; insnared; charmed.
Women have been captivate ere now. --Shak.
Captivating \Cap"ti*va`ting\, a.
Having power to captivate or charm; fascinating; as,
captivating smiles. -- {Cap"ti*va`ting*ly}, adv.
Captivation \Cap"ti*va`tion\, n. [L. capticatio.]
The act of captivating. [R.]
The captivation of our understanding. --Bp. Hall.
Captive \Cap"tive\, n. [L. captivus, fr. capere to take: cf. F.
captif. See {Caitiff}.]
1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy,
in war; one kept in bondage or in the power of another.
Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains.
--Milton.
2. One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or affection;
one who is captivated.
Captive \Cap"tive\, a.
1. Made prisoner, especially in war; held in bondage or in
confinement.
A poor, miserable, captive thrall. --Milton.
2. Subdued by love; charmed; captivated.
Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart Grossly
grew captive to his honey words. --Shak.
3. Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement; serving to
confine; as, captive chains; captive hours.
Captive \Cap"tive\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Captived}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Captiving}.]
To take prisoner; to capture.
Their inhabitans slaughtered and captived. --Burke.
Captivity \Cap*tiv"i*ty\, n. [L. captivitas: cf. F.
captivit['e].]
1. The state of being a captive or a prisoner.
More celebrated in his captivity that in his
greatest triumphs. --Dryden.
2. A state of being under control; subjection of the will or
affections; bondage.
Sink in the soft captivity together. --Addison.
Syn: Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection;
servitude; slavery; thralldom; serfdom.
Captor \Cap"tor\, n. [L., a cather (of animals), fr. caper to
take.]
One who captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a
prize.
Capture \Cap"ture\, n. [L. capture, fr. caper to take: cf. F.
capture. See {Caitiff}, and cf. {aptive}.]
1. The act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by
superior power or by stratagem; as, the capture of an
enemy, a vessel, or a criminal.
Even with regard to captures made at sea.
--Bluckstone.
2. The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the
power of some attraction.
3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or stratagem; a prize;
prey.
Syn: Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.
Capture \Cap"ture\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Captured}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Capturing}.]
To seize or take possession of by force, surprise, or
stratagem; to overcome and hold; to secure by effort.
Her heart is like some fortress that has been captured.
--W. Ivring.
Capuccio \Ca*puc"cio\, n. [It. cappucio. See {Capoch}.]
A capoch or hood. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Capuched \Ca*puched"\, a. [See {Capoch}.]
Cover with, or as with, a hood. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Capuchin \Cap`u*chin"\, n. [F. capucin a monk who wears a cowl,
fr. It. cappuccio hood. See {Capoch}.]
1. (Eccl.) A Franciscan monk of the austere branch
established in 1526 by Matteo di Baschi, distinguished by
wearing the long pointed cowl or capoch of St. Francis.
A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and hood,
resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of capuchin
monks.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A long-tailed South American monkey ({Cabus
capucinus}), having the forehead naked and wrinkled,
with the hair on the crown reflexed and resembling a
monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white; --
called also {capucine monkey}, {weeper}, {sajou},
{sapajou}, and {sai}.
(b) Other species of {Cabus}, as {C. fatuellus} (the brown
or {horned capucine}.), {C. albifrons} (the
{cararara}), and {C. apella}.
(c) A variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike
tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the neck.
{Capuchin nun}, one of an austere order of Franciscan nuns
which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order had
recently been founded by Maria Longa.
Capucine \Cap"u*cine\, n.
See {Capuchin}, 3.
Capulet \Cap"u*let\, n. (Far.)
Same as {Capellet}.
Capulin \Cap"u*lin\ (-l[i^]n), n. [Sp. capuli.]
The Mexican cherry ({Prunus Capollin}).
Caput \Ca"put\ (k[=a]"p[u^]t), n.; pl. {Capita}
(k[a^]p"[i^]*t[.a]). [L., the head.]
1. (Anat.) The head; also, a knoblike protuberance or
capitulum.
2. The top or superior part of a thing.
3. (Eng.) The council or ruling body of the University of
Cambridge prior to the constitution of 1856.
Your caputs and heads of colleges. --Lamb.
{Caput mortuum}. [L., dead head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum
after distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless
residue.
Capybara \Ca`py*ba"ra\, n. [Sp. capibara, fr. the native name.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large South American rodent ({Hydroch[ae]rus capybara})
Living on the margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest
extant rodent, being about three feet long, and half that in
height. It somewhat resembles the Guinea pig, to which it is
related; -- called also {cabiai} and {water hog}.
Car \Car\, n. [OF. car, char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a
Celtic word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf.
{Chariot}.]
1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but
two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart.
2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.]
Note: In England a railroad passenger car is called a railway
carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a
goods truck; a baggage car a van. But styles of car
introduced into England from America are called cars;
as, tram car. Pullman car. See {Train}.
3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor,
dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic].
The gilded car of day. --Milton.
The towering car, the sable steeds. --Tennyson.
4. (Astron.) The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great
Bear, or the Dipper.
The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. --Dryden.
5. The cage of a lift or elevator.
6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a balloon to
contain passengers, ballast, etc.
7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.]
{Car coupling}, or {Car coupler}, a shackle or other device
for connecting the cars in a railway train. [U. S.]
{Dummy car} (Railroad), a car containing its own steam power
or locomotive.
{Freight car} (Railrood), a car for the transportation of
merchandise or other goods. [U. S.]
{Hand car} (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand, used by
railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.]
{Horse car}, or {Street car}, an omnibus car, draw by horses
or other power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.]
{Palace car}, {Drawing-room car}, {Sleeping car}, {Parlor
car}, etc. (Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished
for the comfort of travelers.
Carabid \Car"a*bid\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the genus {Carbus} or
family {Carabid[ae]}. -- n. One of the {Carabid[ae]}, a
family of active insectivorous beetles.
Carabine \Car"a*bine\, n. (Mil.)
A carbine.
Carabineer \Car`a*bi*neer"\, n.
A carbineer.
Caraboid \Car"a*boid\, a. [Carabus + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like, or pertaining to the genus {Carabus}.
Carabus \Car"a*bus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a horned beetle.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They
devour many injurious insects.
Carac \Car"ac\, n.
See {Carack}.
Caracal \Car"a*cal\, n. [F. caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag; garah
black + goofag ear.] (Zo["o]l.)
A lynx ({Felis, or Lynx, caracal.)} It is a native of Africa
and Asia. Its ears are black externally, and tipped with long
black hairs.
Caracara \Ca`ra*ca"ra\ (k[aum]`r[.a]k[aum]"r[.a]), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A south American bird of several species and genera,
resembling both the eagles and the vultures. The caracaras
act as scavengers, and are also called {carrion buzzards}.
Note: The black caracara is {Ibycter ater}; the chimango is
{Milvago chimango}; the Brazilian is {Polyborus
Braziliensis}.
Carack \Car"ack\, n. [F. caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It.
caracca.), LL. carraca, fr. L. carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar.
qorq[=u]r (pl. qar[=a]qir) a carack.] (Naut.)
A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and
Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon. [Spelt also
{carrack}.]
The bigger whale like some huge carrack lay. --Waller.
Caracole \Car"a*cole\, n. [F. caracole, caracol, fr. Sp. caracol
snail, winding staircase, a wheeling about.]
1. (Man.) A half turn which a horseman makes, either to the
right or the left.
2. (Arch.) A staircase in a spiral form.
{En caracole}[F.], spiral; -- said of a staircase.
Caracole \Car"a*cole\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Caracoled}.] [Cf. F.
caracoler.] (Man.)
To move in a caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.
Prince John caracoled within the lists. --Sir W.
Scott.
Caracoly \Car"a*col`y\, n.
An alloy of gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior
quality of jewelry is made.
Caracore \Car"a*core\, Caracora \Car"a*co`ra\, n. [Malay
kurakura.]
A light vessel or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc.,
and by the Dutch in the East Indies.
Carafe \Ca*rafe"\, n. [F.]
A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also
{croft}.
Carageen \Car"a*geen`\ or Caragheen \Car"a*gheen`\, n.
See {Carrageen}.
Carambola \Ca`ram*bo"la\, n. (Bot.)
An East Indian tree ({Averrhoa Carambola}), and its acid,
juicy fruit; called also {Coromandel gooseberry}.
Caramel \Car"a*mel\, n. [F. caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL.
canna mellis, cannamella, canamella, calamellus mellitus,
sugar cane, from or confused with L. canna reed + mel,
mellis, honey. See {Cane}.]
1. (Chem.) Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance
obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is
used for coloring spirits, gravies, etc.
2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of
tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and
flavor.
Carangoid \Ca*ran"goid\, a. [Caranx + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to the {Carangid[ae]}, a family of fishes allied to
the mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish,
and the pilot fish.
Caranx \Ca"ranx\ (k[=a]"r[a^][ng]ks), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of fishes, common on the Atlantic coast, including
the yellow or golden mackerel.
Carapace \Car"a*pace\ (k[a^]r"[.a]*p[=a]s), n. [F.] (Zo["o]l.)
The thick shell or shield which covers the back of the
tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other crustaceous animals.
Carapato \Ca`ra*pa"to\ (k[aum]`r[.a]*p[aum]"t[-o]), n. [Pg.
carrapato.] (Zo["o]l.)
A south American tick of the genus {Amblyomma}. There are
several species, very troublesome to man and beast.
Carapax \Car"a*pax\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Carapace}.
Carat \Car"at\ (k[a^]r"[a^]t), n. [F. carat (cf. It. carato,
OPg. quirate, Pg. & Sp. quilate), Ar. q[imac]r[=a]t bean or
pea shell, a weight of four grains, a carat, fr. Gr.
kera`tion a little horn, the fruit of the carob tree, a
weight, a carat. See {Horn}.]
1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are
weighed.
Note: The carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and
is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat
grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are
estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and
pearls, usually, by carat grains. --Tiffany.
2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in estimating the
proportionate fineness of gold.
Note: A mass of metal is said to be so many carats fine,
according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold
which it contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's
standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of
silver.
Caravan \Car"a*van\ (k[a^]r"[.a]*v[a^]n or k[a^]r*[.a]*v[a^]n";
277), n. [F. caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per. karw[=a]n
a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. {Van} a wagon.]
1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized
and equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling
together, esp. through deserts and countries infested by
robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or Africa.
2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for
conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant
show, as of wild beasts.
3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving
furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into van.
Caravaneer \Car`a*van*eer"\, n. [Cf. F. caravanier.]
The leader or driver of the camels in caravan.
Caravansary \Car`a*van"sa*ry\, n.; pl. {Caravansaries}. [F.
caravans['e]rai, fr. Per. karw[=a]nsar[=a]["i]; karw[=a]n
caravan + -sar[=a]["i] palace, large house, inn.]
A kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night,
being a large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a
court. [Written also {caravanserai} and {caravansera}.]
Caravel \Car"a*vel\ (k[a^]r"[.a]*v[e^]l), n. [F. caravelle (cf.
It. caravella, Sp. carabela), fr. Sp. caraba a kind of
vessel, fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. ka`rabos
a kind of light ship, NGr. kara`bi ship, vessel.] [written
also {carvel} and {caravelle}.] (Naut.)
A name given to several kinds of vessels.
(a) The caravel of the 16th century was a small vessel with
broad bows, high, narrow poop, four masts, and lateen
sails. Columbus commanded three caravels on his great
voyage.
(b) A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden.
(c) A small fishing boat used on the French coast.
(d) A Turkish man-of-war.
Caraway \Car"a*way\ (k[a^]r"[.a]*w[asl]), n. [F. carvi (cf. Sp.
carvi and al-caravea, al-carahueya, Pg. al-caravia) fr. Ar.
karaw[=i][=a], karw[=i][=a] fr. Gr. ka`ron; cf. L. careum.]
1. (Bot.) A biennial plant of the Parsley family ({Carum
Carui}). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a warm,
pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery,
and also in medicine as a carminative.
2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway seeds.
Caraways, or biscuits, or some other [comfits].
--Cogan.
Carbamic \Car*bam"ic\ (k[aum]r*b[a^]m"[i^]k), a. [Carbon +
amido.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to an acid so called.
{Carbamic acid} (Chem.), an amido acid, {NH2.CO2H}, not
existing in the free state, but occurring as a salt of
ammonium in commercial ammonium carbonate; -- called also
{amido formic acid}.
Carbamide \Car*bam"ide\ (k[aum]r*b[a^]m"[i^]d or -[imac]d), n.
[Carbonyl + amide.] (Chem.)
The technical name for urea.
Carbamine \Car*bam"ine\ (k[aum]r*b[a^]m"[i^]n or -[=e]d), n.
(Chem.)
An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical. The carbamines are
liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable odor.
Carbanil \Car"ba*nil\, n. [Carbonyl + aniline.] (Chem.)
A mobile liquid, {CO.N.C6H5}, of pungent odor. It is the
phenyl salt of isocyanic acid.
Carbazol \Car"ba*zol\, n. [Carbon + azo + -ol.] (Chem.)
A white crystallized substance, {C12H8NH}, derived from
aniline and other amines.
Carbazotate \Car*baz"o*tate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a picrate.
Carbazotic \Car`ba*zot"ic\, a. [Carbon + azole.]
Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen.
{Carbazotic acid} (Chem.), picric acid. See under {Picric}.
Carbide \Car"bide\, n. [Carbon + -ide.] (Chem.)
A binary compound of carbon with some other element or
radical, in which the carbon plays the part of a negative; --
formerly termed {carburet}.
Carbimide \Car"bi*mide\, n. [Carbon + imide] (Chem.)
The technical name for isocyanic acid. See under {Isocyanic}.
Carbine \Car"bine\, n. [F. carbine, OF. calabrin carabineer (cf.
Ot. calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr. calabre, OF. cable,
chable, an engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL.
chadabula, cabulus, a kind of projectile machine, fr. Gr. ? a
throwing down, fr. ? to throw; ? down + ? to throw. Cf.
{Parable}.] (Mil.)
A short, light musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted
soldiers or cavalry.
Carbineer \Car`bi*neer"\, n. [F. carabinier.] (Mil.)
A soldier armed with a carbine.
Carbinol \Car"bi*nol\, n. [Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical)
+ -ol.] (Chem.)
Methyl alcohol, {CH3OH}; -- also, by extension, any one in
the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl
alcohol is the type.
Carbohydrate \Car`bo*hy"drate\, n. [Carbon + hydrate.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches,
and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon
atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen
atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to
form water; as dextrose, {C6H12O6}.
Carbohydride \Car`bo*hy"dride\, n. [Carbon + hydrogen.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon.
Carbolic \Car*bol"ic\ (k[aum]r*b[o^]l"[i^]k), a. [L. carbo coal
+ oleum oil.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar
and other sources; as, carbolic acid (called also phenic
acid, and phenol). See {Phenol}.
Carbolize \Car"bo*lize\ (k[aum]r"b[-o]*l[imac]z), v. t. (Med.)
To apply carbolic acid to; to wash or treat with carbolic
acid.
Carbon \Car"bon\ (k[aum]r"b[o^]n), n. [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo
coal; cf. Skr. [,c]r[=a] to cook.] (Chem.)
An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is
present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol
C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and
charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure
crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of
known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the
octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or
blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal
prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon
dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide,
according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with
hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons.
Compare {Diamond}, and {Graphite}.
{Carbon compounds}, {Compounds of carbon} (Chem.), those
compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced
by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds,
though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in
the laboratory.
The formation of the compounds of carbon is not
dependent upon the life process. --I. Remsen
{Carbon dioxide}, {Carbon monoxide}. (Chem.) See under
{Carbonic}.
{Carbon light} (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light
produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon
points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact.
{Carbon point} (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon
moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away
by the electric current, it shall constantly maintain its
proper relation to the opposing point.
{Carbon tissue}, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used
in the autotype process of photography. --Abney.
{Gas carbon}, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an
incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for
the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the
voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries,
etc.
Carbonaceous \Car"bo*na`ceous\, a.
Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.
Carbonade \Car"bo*nade\, Carbonado \Car`bo*na"do\, n. [Cf. F.
carbonnade, It. carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo
coal.] (Cookery)
Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on
coals; a chop. [Obs.]
Carbonado \Car`bo*na"do\, Carbonade \Car"bo*nade\, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. {Carbonadoed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Carbonadoing}.]
1. To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or
slice and broil. [Obs.]
A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed. --Bean. &
Fl.
2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [Obs.]
I'll so carbonado your shanks. --Shak.
Carbonado \Car`bo*na"do\, n.; pl. {Carbonadoes}. [Pg.,
carbonated.] (Min.)
A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for
diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments,
rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from
compact to porous.
Carbonarism \Car`bo*na"rism\, n.
The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.
Carbonaro \Car`bo*na"ro\, n.; pl. {Carbonari}. [It., a coal
man.]
A member of a secret political association in Italy,
organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the
purpose of changing the government into a republic.
Note: The origin of the Carbonari is uncertain, but the
society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the
charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology
they adopted.
Carbonatation \Car`bon*a*ta"tion\, n. [From {Carbonate}.] (Sugar
Making)
The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid
gas. --Knight.
Carbonate \Car"bon*ate\, n. [Cf. F. carbonate.] (Chem.)
A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead
ore, etc.
Carbonated \Car"bon*a`ted\, a.
Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid.
Carbone \Car"bone\, v. t. [See {Carbonado}.]
To broil. [Obs.] ``We had a calf's head carboned''. --Pepys.
Carbonic \Car*bon"ic\, a. [Cf. F. carbonique. See {Carbon}.]
(Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic
oxide.
{Carbonic acid} (Chem.), an acid {H2CO3}, not existing
separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms
or radicals, forms carbonates. In common language the term
is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and
oxygen, {CO2}, more correctly called {carbon dioxide}. It
is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing
flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced
to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is
produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the
combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or
other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the
explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hence called
{after damp}; it is also know as {choke damp}, and
{mephitic air}. Water will absorb its own volume of it,
and more than this under pressure, and in this state
becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the
carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it
constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants
imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being
retained and the oxygen given out.
{Carbonic oxide} (Chem.), a colorless gas, {CO}, of a light
odor, called more correctly {carbon monoxide}. It is
almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon
seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete
combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of
water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes
combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming
carbon dioxide.
Carbonide \Car"bon*ide\ (k[aum]r"b[o^]n*[i^]d or -[imac]d), n.
A carbide. [R.]
Carboniferous \Car`bon*if"er*ous\
(k[aum]r`b[o^]n*[i^]f"[~e]r*[u^]s), a. [Carbon + -ferous.]
Producing or containing carbon or coal.
{Carboniferous age} (Geol.), the age immediately following
the Devonian, or Age of fishes, and characterized by the
vegetation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces
three periods, the Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous,
and Permian. See {Age of acrogens}, under {Acrogen}.
{Carboniferous formation} (Geol.), the series of rocks
(including sandstones, shales, limestones, and
conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata
of the Carboniferous age or period. See the Diagram under
{Geology}.
Carbonization \Car`bon*i*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. carbonisation.]
The act or process of carbonizing.
Carbonize \Car"bon*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Carbonized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Carbonizing}.] [Cf. F. carboniser.]
1. To convert (an animal or vegetable substance) into a
residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive
agent; to char.
2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel
by cementation.
Carbonometer \Car`bon*om"e*ter\, n. [Carbon + -meter.]
An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of
carbon which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon
dioxide, by its action on limewater or by other means.
Carbonyl \Car"bon*yl\, n. [Carbon + -yl.] (Chem.)
The radical {(CO)''}, occuring, always combined, in many
compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl
chloride, etc.
Note: Though denoted by a formula identical with that of
carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon
seems to be divalent in carbon monoxide, but
tetravalent in carbonyl compounds.
{Carbonyl chloride} (Chem.), a colorless gas, {COCl2}, of
offensive odor, and easily condensable to liquid. It is
formed from chlorine and carbon monoxide, under the
influence of light, and hence has been called {phosgene
gas}; -- called also {carbon oxychloride}.
Carbostyril \Car`bo*sty"ril\, n. [Carbon + styrene.]
A white crystalline substance, {C9H6N.OH}, of acid properties
derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.
Carboxide \Car*box"ide\, n. [Carbon + oxide.] (Chem.)
A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some
element or radical; as, potassium carboxide.
{Potassium carboxide}, a grayish explosive crystalline
compound, {C6O6K}, obtained by passing carbon monoxide
over heated potassium.
Carboxyl \Car*box"yl\, n. [Carbon + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)
The complex radical, {CO.OH}, regarded as the essential and
characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon
(as formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; --
called also {oxatyl}.
Carboy \Car"boy\, n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael carb basket; or Pers
qur[=a]bah a sort of bottle.]
A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green glass,
inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; -- used
commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid,
etc.
Carbuncle \Car"bun*cle\, n. [L. carbunculus a little coal, a
bright kind of precious stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo
coal: cf. F. carboncle. See {Carbon}.]
1. (Min.) A beautiful gem of a deep red color (with a mixture
of scarlet) called by the Greeks anthrax; found in the
East Indies. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep
tinge, and becomes of the color of burning coal. The name
belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though it has
been also given to red spinel and garnet.
2. (Med.) A very painful acute local inflammation of the
subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or back of the
neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the affected
parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and
marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil
in size, tendency to spread, and the absence of a central
core, and is frequently fatal. It is also called
{anthrax}.
3. (Her.) A charge or bearing supposed to represent the
precious stone. It has eight scepters or staves radiating
from a common center. Called also {escarbuncle}.
Carbuncled \Car"bun*cled\, a.
1. Set with carbuncles.
He has deserves it [armor], were it carbuncled Like
holy Phabus' car. --Shak.
2. Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked with red
sores; pimpled and blotched. ``A carbuncled face.''
--Brome.
Carbuncular \Car*bun"cu*lar\, a.
Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red;
inflamed.
Carbunculation \Car*bun`cu*la"tion\, n. [L. carbunculatio.]
The blasting of the young buds of trees or plants, by
excessive heat or cold. --Harris.
Carburet \Car"bu*ret\, n. [From {Carbon}.] (Chem.)
A carbide. See {Carbide} [Archaic]
Carburet \Car"bu*ret\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Carbureted} or
{Carburetted} (?); p. pr. & vb. n. {Carbureting} or
{Carburetting}.]
To combine or to impregnate with carbon, as by passing
through or over a liquid hydrocarbon; to carbonize or
carburize.
By carbureting the gas you may use poorer coal.
--Knight.
Carburetant \Car"bu*ret`ant\, n.
Any volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases.
Carbureted \Car"bu*ret`ed\, a.
1. (Chem.) Combined with carbon in the manner of a carburet
or carbide.
2. Saturated or impregnated with some volatile carbon
compound; as, water gas is carbureted to increase its
illuminating power. [Written also {carburetted}.]
{Carbureted hydrogen gas}, any one of several gaseous
compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up
illuminating gas.
{Light carbureted hydrogen}, marsh gas, {CH4}; fire damp
.
Carburetor \Car"bu*ret`or\, n. (Chem.)
An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen, or air is passed
through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order to confer or
increase illuminating power. [Written also {carburettor}.]
Carburization \Car"bu*ri*za`tion\, n. (Chem.)
The act, process, or result of carburizing.
Carburize \Car"bu*rize\ (k[aum]r"b[-u]*r[imac]z), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. {Carburized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Carburizing}.] (Chem.)
To combine with carbon or a carbon compound; -- said esp. of
a process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating
power on combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of
volatile hydrocarbons.
Carcajou \Car"ca*jou\ (k[aum]r"k[.a]*j[=oo]), n. [Probably a
Canadian French corruption of an Indian name of the
wolverene.] (Zo["o]l.)
The wolverene; -- also applied, but erroneously, to the
Canada lynx, and sometimes to the American badger. See
{Wolverene}.
Carcanet \Car"ca*net\ (k[aum]r"k[.a]*n[e^]t), n. [Dim. fr. F.
carcan the iron collar or chain of a criminal, a chain of
precious stones, LL. carcannum, fr. Armor. kerchen bosom,
neck, kelchen collar, fr. kelch circle; or Icel. kverk troat,
OHG. querca throat.]
A jeweled chain, necklace, or collar. [Also written
{carkanet} and {carcant}.] --Shak.
Carcase \Car"case\ (k[aum]r"kas), n.
See {Carcass}.
Carcass \Car"cass\ (k[aum]r"kas), n.; pl. {Carcasses}. [Written
also {carcase}.] [F. carcasse, fr. It. carcassa, fr. L. caro
flesh + capsa chest, box, case. Cf. {Carnal}, {Case} a
sheath.]
1. A dead body, whether of man or beast; a corpse; now
commonly the dead body of a beast.
He turned to see the carcass of the lion. --Judges
xiv. 8.
This kept thousands in the town whose carcasses went
into the great pits by cartloads. --De Foe.
2. The living body; -- now commonly used in contempt or
ridicule. ``To pamper his own carcass.'' --South.
Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature. For
earthly carcass had a heavenly feature. --Oldham.
3. The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky and once
comely thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered or
unfinished frame, of a thing.
A rotten carcass of a boat. --Shak.
4. (Mil.) A hollow case or shell, filled with combustibles,
to be thrown from a mortar or howitzer, to set fire to
buldings, ships, etc.
A discharge of carcasses and bombshells. --W. Iving.
Carcavelhos \Car`ca*vel"hos\, n.
A sweet wine. See {Calcavella}.
Carcelage \Car"ce*lage\, n. [LL. carcelladium, carceragium, fr.
L. carcer prison.]
Prison fees. [Obs.]
Carcel lamp \Car"cel lamp`\ [Named after {Carcel}, the
inventor.]
A French mechanical lamp, for lighthouses, in which a
superabundance of oil is pumped to the wick tube by
clockwork.
Carceral \Car"cer*al\, a. [L. carceralis, fr. carcer prison.]
Belonging to a prison. [R.] --Foxe.
Carcinological \Car`ci*no*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to carcinology.
Carcinology \Car`ci*nol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? a crab + -logy.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The department of zo["o]logy which treats of the Crustacea
(lobsters, crabs, etc.); -- called also {malacostracology}
and {crustaceology}.
Carcinoma \Car`ci*no"ma\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? crab, cancer.
See {-oma}.] (Med.)
A cancer. By some medical writers, the term is applied to an
indolent tumor. See {Cancer}. --Dunglison.
Carcinomatous \Car`ci*nom"a*tous\, a.
Of or pertaining to carcinoma.
Carcinosys \Car`ci*no"sys\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? cancer.]
The affection of the system with cancer.
Card \Card\, n. [F. carte, fr. L. charta paper, Gr. ? a leaf of
paper. Cf. {Chart}.]
1. A piece of pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared
for various uses; as, a playing card; a visiting card; a
card of invitation; pl. a game played with cards.
Our first cards were to Carabas House. --Thackeray.
2. A published note, containing a brief statement,
explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like;
as, to put a card in the newspapers. Also, a printed
programme, and (fig.), an attraction or inducement; as,
this will be a good card for the last day of the fair.
3. A paper on which the points of the compass are marked; the
dial or face of the mariner's compass.
All the quartere that they know I' the shipman's
card. --Shak.
4. (Weaving) A perforated pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for
warp threads, making part of the Jacquard apparatus of a
loom. See {Jacquard}.
5. An indicator card. See under {Indicator}.
{Business card}, a card on which is printed an advertisement
or business address.
{Card basket}
(a) A basket to hold visiting cards left by callers.
(b) A basket made of cardboard.
{Card catalogue}. See {Catalogue}.
{Card rack}, a rack or frame for holding and displaying
business or visiting card.
{Card table}, a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one
having a leaf which folds over.
{On the cards}, likely to happen; foretold and expected but
not yet brought to pass; -- a phrase of fortune tellers
that has come into common use; also, according to the
programme.
{Playing card}, cards used in playing games; specifically,
the cards cards used playing which and other games of
chance, and having each pack divided onto four kinds or
suits called hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full
or whist pack contains fifty-two cards.
{To have the cards in one's own hands}, to have the winning
cards; to have the means of success in an undertaking.
{To play one's cards well}, to make no errors; to act
shrewdly.
{To play snow one's cards}, to expose one's plants to rivals
or foes.
{To speak by the card}, to speak from information and
definitely, not by guess as in telling a ship's bearing by
the compass card.
{Visiting card}, a small card bearing the name, and sometimes
the address, of the person presenting it.
Card \Card\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Carded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Carding}.]
To play at cards; to game. --Johnson.
Card \Card\, n. [F. carde teasel, the head of a thistle, card,
from L. carduus, cardus, thistle, fr. carere to card.]
1. An instrument for disentangling and arranging the fibers
of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and smoothing
the hair of animals; -- usually consisting of bent wire
teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather
fastened to a back.
2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered from a
carding machine.
{Card clothing}, strips of wire-toothed card used for
covering the cylinders of carding machines.
Card \Card\, v. t.
1. To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding;
as, to card wool; to card a horse.
These card the short comb the longer flakes. --Dyer.
2. To clean or clear, as if by using a card. [Obs.]
This book [must] be carded and purged. --T. Shelton.
3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker article.
[Obs.]
You card your beer, if you guests being to be drunk.
-- half small, half strong. --Greene.
Note: In the manufacture of wool, cotton, etc., the process
of carding disentangles and collects together all the
fibers, of whatever length, and thus differs from
combing, in which the longer fibers only are collected,
while the short straple is combed away. See {Combing}.
Cardamine \Car"da*mine\, n. [L. cardamina, Gr. ?: cf. F.
cardamine.] (Bot.)
A genus of cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock,
cuckooflower, bitter cress, meadow cress, etc.
Cardamom \Car"da*mom\ (k[aum]r"d[.a]*m[u^]m), n. [L. cardamomun,
Gr. karda`mwmon]
1. The aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several
plants of the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and
elsewhere, and much used as a condiment, and in medicine.
2. (Bot.) A plant which produces cardamoms, esp. {Elettaria
Cardamomum} and several species of {Amomum}.
Cardboard \Card"board`\ (k[aum]rd"b[=o]rd`), n.
A stiff compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making
cards, etc., often having a polished surface.
Cardcase \Card"case`\ (k[aum]rd"k[=a]s`), n.
A case for visiting cards.
Cardecu \Car"de*cu\ (k[aum]r"d[-e]*k[-u]), n. [Corrupt, from F.
quart d'['e]cu.]
A quarter of a crown. [Obs.]
The bunch of them were not worth a cardecu. --Sir W.
Scott.
Carder \Card"er\, n.
One who, or that which cards wool flax, etc. --Shak.
Cardia \Car"di*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? heart, or upper orifice of
the stomach.] (Anat.)
(a) The heart.
(b) The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach, where the
esophagus enters it.
Cardiac \Car"di*ac\, a. [L. cardiacus, Gr. ?, fr. ? heart: cf.
F. cardiaque.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as,
the cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of the
stomach.
2. (Med.) Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of
the stomach; cordial; stimulant.
{Cardiac passion} (Med.) cardialgia; heartburn. [Archaic]
{Cardiac wheel}. (Mach.) See {Heart wheel}.
Cardiac \Car"di*ac\ n. (Med.)
A medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.
Cardiacal \Car*di"a*cal\, a.
Cardiac.
Cardiacle \Car"di*a*cle\, n.
A pain about the heart. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cardiagraph \Car"di*a*graph\, n.
See {Cardiograph}.
Cardialgla \Car`di*al"gl*a\, Cardialgy \Car"di*al`gy\, n. [NL.
cardialgia, fr. Gr. ?; ? heart + ? pain: cf. F. cardialgie.]
(Med.)
A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred
to the region of the heart, accompanied with cardiac
palpitation; heartburn. It is usually a symptom of
indigestion.
Cardigan jacket \Car"di*gan jack`et\ [From the Earl of Cardigan,
who was famous in the Crimean campaign of 1854-55.]
A warm jacket of knit worsted with or without sleeves.
Cardinal \Car"di*nal\, a. [L. cardinalis, fr. cardo the hinge of
a door, that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F.
cardinal.]
Of fundamental importance; pre["e]minent; superior; chief;
principal.
The cardinal intersections of the zodiac. --Sir T.
Browne.
Impudence is now a cardinal virtue. --Drayton.
But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye.
--Shak.
{Cardinal numbers}, the numbers one, two, three, etc., in
distinction from first, second, third, etc., which are
called {ordinal numbers}.
{Cardinal points}
(a) (Geol.) The four principal points of the compass, or
intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the
prime vertical circle, north, south east, and west.
(b) (Astrol.) The rising and setting of the sun, the zenith
and nadir.
{Cardinal signs} (Astron.) Aries, Libra, Cancer, and
Capricorn.
{Cardinal teeth} (Zo["o]l.), the central teeth of bivalve
shell. See {Bivalve}.
{Cardinal veins} (Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos,
which run each side of the vertebral column and returm the
blood to the heart. They remain through life in some
fishes.
{Cardinal virtues}, pre["e]minent virtues; among the
ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude.
{Cardinal winds}, winds which blow from the cardinal points
due north, south, east, or west.
Cardinal \Car"di*nal\, n. [F. carinal, It. cardinale, LL.
cardinalis (ecclesi[ae] Roman[ae]). See {Cardinal}, a.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical princes who
constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college.
The clerics of the supreme Chair are called
Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to
the hinge by which all things are moved. --Pope Leo
IX.
Note: The cardinals are appointed by the pope. Since the time
of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy
(six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen
deacons), and the number of cardinal priests and
deacons is seldom full. When the papel chair is vacant
a pope is elected by the college of cardinals from
among themselves. The cardinals take precedence of all
dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a
cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short
purple mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and
broad brim, with cords and tessels of a special pattern
hanging from it.
2. A woman's short cloak with a hood.
Where's your cardinal! Make haste. --Lloyd.
3. Mulled red wine. --Hotten.
{Cardinal bird}, or {Cardinal grosbeak} (Zo["o]l.), an
American song bird ({Cardinalis cardinalis}, or {C.
Virginianus}), of the family {Fringillid[ae]}, or finches
having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on
its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling
those of a fife. Other related species are also called
cardinal birds.
{Cardinal flower} (Bot.), an herbaceous plant ({Lobelia
cardinalis}) bearing brilliant red flowers of much beauty.
{Cardinal red}, a color like that of a cardinal's cassock,
hat, etc.; a bright red, darker than scarlet, and between
scarlet and crimson.
Cardinalate \Car"di*nal*ate\, n. [Cf. F. cardinalat, LL.
cardinalatus.]
The office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal.
Cardinalize \Car"di*nal*ize\, v. t.
To exalt to the office of a cardinal. --Sheldon.
Cardinalship \Car"di*nal*ship\, n.
The condition, dignity, of office of a cardinal
Carding \Card"ing\, a.
1. The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc.,
by carding it. See the Note under {Card}, v. t.
2. A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from the carding
machine.
{Carding engine}, {Carding machine}, a machine for carding
cotton, wool, or other fiber, by subjecting it to the
action of cylinders, or drum covered with wire-toothed
cards, revoling nearly in contact with each other, at
different rates of speed, or in opposite directions. The
staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls called
sivers.
Cardiograph \Car"di*o*graph\, n. [Gr. kardi`a heart + -graph.]
(Med.)
An instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest,
will register graphically the comparative duration and
intensity of the heart's movements.
Cardiographic \Car`di*o*graph"ic\, a. (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a cardiograph.
Cardioid \Car"di*oid\, n. [Gr. kardio-eidh`s heart-shaped;
kardi`a heart + e'i^dos shape.] (Math.)
An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a
heart.
Cardioinhibitory \Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry\, a. (Physiol.)
Checking or arresting the heart's action.
Cardiolgy \Car`di*ol"*gy\, n. [Gr. kardi`a heart + -ology.]
The science which treats of the heart and its functions.
Cardiometry \Car`di*om"e*try\, n. [Gr. ? heart + -metry.] (Med.)
Measurement of the heart, as by percussion or auscultation.
Cardiosphygmograph \Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph\, n.
A combination of cardiograph and sphygmograph.
Carditis \Car*di"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. kardi`a heart + -itis:
cf. F. cardite.] (Med)
Inflammation of the fleshy or muscular substance of the
heart. See {Endocarditis} and {Pericarditis}. --Dunglison.
Cardo \Car"do\ (k[aum]r"d[-o]), n.; pl. {Cardines}.) [L., a
hinge.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The basal joint of the maxilla in insects.
(b) The hinge of a bivalve shell.
Cardol \Car"dol\ (k[aum]r"d[=o]l), n. [NL. Anacardium generic
name of the cashew + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
A yellow oily liquid, extracted from the shell of the cashew
nut.
Cardoon \Car*doon"\ (k[aum]r*d[=oo]n"), n. [F. cardon. The same
word as F. cardon thistle, fr. L. carduus, cardus, LL. cardo.
See 3d {Card}.] (Bot.)
A large herbaceous plant ({Cynara Cardunculus}) related to
the artichoke; -- used in cookery and as a salad.
Care \Care\ (k[^a]r), n. [AS. caru, cearu; akin to OS. kara
sorrow, Goth. kara, OHG chara, lament, and perh. to Gr.
gh^rys voice. Not akin to cure. Cf. {Chary}.]
1. A burdensome sense of responsibility; trouble caused by
onerous duties; anxiety; concern; solicitude.
Care keeps his watch in every old man's eye, And
where care lodges, sleep will never lie. --Shak.
2. Charge, oversight, or management, implying responsibility
for safety and prosperity.
The care of all the churches. --2 Cor. xi.
28.
Him thy care must be to find. --Milton.
Perplexed with a thousand cares. --Shak.
3. Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness;
watchfulness; as, take care; have a care.
I thank thee for thy care and honest pains. --Shak.
4. The object of watchful attention or anxiety.
Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved cares.
--Spenser.
Syn: Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard;
management; direction; oversight. -- {Care}, {Anxiety},
{Solicitude}, {Concern}. These words express mental pain
in different degress. Care belongs primarily to the
intellect, and becomes painful from overburdened
thought. Anxiety denotes a state of distressing
uneasiness fron the dread of evil. Solicitude expresses
the same feeling in a diminished degree. Concern is
opposed to indifference, and implies exercise of anxious
thought more or less intense. We are careful about the
means, solicitous and anxious about the end; we are
solicitous to obtain a good, anxious to avoid an evil.
Care \Care\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Caring}.] [AS. cearian. See {Care}, n.]
To be anxious or solicitous; to be concerned; to have regard
or interest; -- sometimes followed by an objective of
measure.
I would not care a pin, if the other three were in.
--Shak.
Master, carest thou not that we perish? --Mark. iv.
38.
{To care for}.
(a) To have under watchful attention; to take care of.
(b) To have regard or affection for; to like or love.
He cared not for the affection of the house.
--Tennyson.
Careen \Ca*reen"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Careened}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Careening}.] [OF. cariner, F. car['e]ner, fr. OF.
car[`e]ne, the bottom of a ship, keel, fr. L. carina.]
(Naut.)
To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that she floats on one
side, leaving the other side out of water and accessible for
repairs below the water line; to case to be off the keel.
Careen \Ca*reen"\, v. i.
To incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing
on a wind; to be off the keel.
Careenage \Ca*reen"age\, n. [Cf. F. car['e]nage.] (Naut.)
(a) Expense of careening ships.
(b) A place for careening.
Career \Ca*reer"\, n. [F. carri[`e]re race course, high road,
street, fr. L. carrus wagon. See {Car}.]
1. A race course: the ground run over.
To go back again the same career. --Sir P.
Sidney.
2. A running; full speed; a rapid course.
When a horse is running in his full career.
--Wilkins.
3. General course of action or conduct in life, or in a
particular part or calling in life, or in some special
undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is
of a public character; as, Washington's career as a
soldier.
An impartial view of his whole career. --Macaulay.
4. (Falconry) The flight of a hawk.
Career \Ca*reer"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Careered} 3; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Careering}]
To move or run rapidly.
areering gayly over the curling waves. --W. Irving.
Careful \Care"ful\ (k[^a]r"f[.u]l), a. [AS. cearful.]
1. Full of care; anxious; solicitous. [Archaic]
Be careful [Rev. Ver. ``anxious''] for nothing.
--Phil. iv. 6.
The careful plowman doubting stands. --Milton.
2. Filling with care or solicitude; exposing to concern,
anxiety, or trouble; painful.
The careful cold beginneth for to creep. --Spenser.
By Him that raised me to this careful height.
--Shak.
3. Taking care; giving good heed; watchful; cautious;
provident; not indifferent, heedless, or reckless; --
often followed by of, for, or the infinitive; as, careful
of money; careful to do right.
Thou hast been careful for us with all this care.
--2. Kings iv,
13.
What could a careful father more have done?
--Dryden.
Syn: Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful; cautious;
circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.
Carefully \Care"ful*ly\, adv.
In a careful manner.
Carefulness \Care"ful*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being careful.
Careless \Care"less\, a. [AS. cearle['a]s.]
1. Free from care or anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted.
--Spenser.
Sleep she as sound as careless infancy. --Shak.
2. Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper care;
negligent; unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful;
regardless.
My brother was too careless of his charge. --Shak.
He grew careless of himself. --Steele.
3. Without thought or purpose; without due care; without
attention to rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate;
spontaneous; rash; as, a careless throw; a careless
expression.
He framed the careless rhyme. --Beattie.
4. Not receiving care; uncared for. [R.]
Their many wounds and careless harms. --Spenser.
Syn: Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking;
inattentive; incautious; remiss; supine; forgetful;
regardless; inconsiderate; listless.
Carelessly \Care"less*ly\, adv.
In a careless manner.
Carelessness \Care"less*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being careless; heedlessness;
negligenece; inattention.
Carene \Ca*rene"\, n. [LL. carena, corrupted fr. quarentena. See
{Quarantine}.] (Ecol.)
A fast of forty days on bread and water. [Obs.]
Caress \Ca*ress"\, n. [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia
dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See {Charity}.]
An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an
embracing, or touching, with tenderness.
Wooed her with his soft caresses. --Langfellow.
He exerted himself to win by indulgence and caresses
the hearts of all who were under his command.
--Macaulay.
Caress \Ca*ress"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Caressed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Caressing}.] [F. caresser, fr. It. carezzare, fr. carezza
caress. See {Caress}., n.]
To treat with tokens of fondness, affection, or kindness; to
touch or speak to in a loving or endearing manner; to fondle.
The lady caresses the rough bloodhoun. --Sir W.
Scott.
Syn: To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court; flatter.
Usage: {Caress}, {Fondle}. ``We caress by words or actions;
we fondle by actions only.'' --Crabb.
Caressingly \Ca*ress"ing*ly\, ad.
In caressing manner.
Caret \Ca"ret\, n. [L. caret there is wanting, fr. carere to
want.]
A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to indicate that
something is interlined above, or inserted in the margin,
which belongs in the place marked by the caret.
Caret \Ca`ret"\, n. [F., a species of tortoise.] (Zo["o]l.)
The hawkbill turtle. See {Hawkbill}.
Caretuned \Care"*tuned\, a.
Weary; mournful. --Shak.
Careworn \Care"worn`\, a.
Worn or burdened with care; as, careworn look or face.
Carex \Ca"rex\, n. [L., sedge.] (Bot.)
A numerous and widely distributed genus of perennial
herbaceous plants of the order {Cypreace[ae]}; the sedges.
Carf \Carf\,
pret. of {Carve}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cargason \Car"ga*son\, n. [F. cargaison, Sp. cargazon, LL.
cargare to load. See {rgo}.]
A cargo. [Obs.]
Cargo \Car"go\, n.; pl. {Cargoes}. [Sp. cargo, carga, burden,
load, from cargar to load, from cargar to load, charge, See
{Charge}.]
The lading or freight of a ship or other vessel; the goods,
merchandise, or whatever is conveyed in a vessel or boat;
load; freight.
Cargoes of food or clothing. --E. Everett.
Note: The term cargo, in law, is usually applied to goods
only, and not to live animals or persons. --Burill.
Cargoose \Car"goose`\, n. [Perh. fr. Gael. & Ir. cir, cior
(pronounced kir, kior), crest, comb + E. goose. Cf. {Crebe}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A species of grebe ({Podiceps crisratus}); the crested grebe.
Cariama \[,C]a`ri*a"ma\ (s[aum]`r[-e]*[.a]"m[.a]), n. [Native
name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large, long-legged South American bird ({Dicholophus
cristatus}) which preys upon snakes, etc. See {Seriema}.
Carib \Car"ib\, n.; pl. {Caries}. [See {Cannibal}.] (Ethol.)
A native of the Caribbee islands or the coasts of the
Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians inhabiting a
region of South America, north of the Amazon, and formerly
most of the West India islands.
Caribbean \Car`ib*be"an\, Caribbee \Car`ib*bee\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Caribs, to their islands (the eastern
and southern West Indies), or to the sea (called the
Caribbean sea) lying between those islands and Central
America.
Caribbee \Car"ib*bee\, n.
A Carib.
Caribe \Ca*ri"be\, n. [Sp. a cannibal.] (Zo["o]l).
A south American fresh water fish of the genus {Serrasalmo}
of many species, remarkable for its voracity. When numerous
they attack man or beast, often with fatal results.
Caribou \Car"i*bou\ (k[a^]r"[i^]*b[=oo]), n. [Canadian French.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The American reindeer, especially the common or woodland
species ({Rangifer Caribou}).
{Barren Ground caribou}. See under {Barren}.
{Woodland caribou}, the common reindeer ({Rangifer Caribou})
of the northern forests of America.
Caricature \Car"i*ca*ture\, n. [It. caricatura, fr. caricare to
charge, overload, exaggerate. See {Charge}, v. t.]
1. An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts
or characteristics, as in a picture.
2. A picture or other figure or description in which the
peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated as
to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody. [Formerly
written {caricatura}.]
The truest likeness of the prince of French
literature will be the one that has most of the look
of a caricature. --I. Taylor.
A grotesque caricature of virtue. --Macaulay.
Caricature \Car"i*ca*ture\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Caricatured};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Caricaturing}.]
To make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous
exaggeration; to burlesque.
He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one,
with a masterly hand. --Lord
Lyttelton.
Caricaturist \Car"i*ca*tu`rist\, n.
One who caricatures.
Caricous \Car"i*cous\, a. [L. carica a kind of dry fig.]
Of the shape of a fig; as, a caricous tumor. --Graig.
Caries \Ca"ri*es\, n.[L., decay.] (Med.)
Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and
is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in
which it dies in masses.
Carillon \Car"il*lon\, n. [F. carillon a chime of bells,
originally consisting of four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L.
quadrilio, fr. quatuer four.]
1. (Mus.) A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by
clockwork or by finger keys.
2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.
Carina \Ca*ri"na\, n. [L., keel.]
1. (Bot.) A keel.
(a) That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of
two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs
of fructification.
(b) A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a
boat.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The keel of the breastbone of birds.
Carinaria \Car`i*na"ri*a\, n. [NL., fr. L. carina keel.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy,
bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and gills.
Carinatae \Car`i*na"t[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., Fem. pl. fr. L.
{carinatus}. See {Carinate}.]
A grand division of birds, including all existing flying
birds; -- So called from the carina or keel on the
breastbone.
Carinate \Car"i*nate\, Carinated \Car"i*na`ted\a. [L. carinatus,
fr. carina keel.]
Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or
keel; as, a carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of a
bird).
Cariole \Car"i*ole\, n. [F. carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus. See
{Car}, and {Carryall}.]
(a) A small, light, open one-horse carriage.
(b) A covered cart.
(c) A kind of calash. See {Carryall}.
Cariopsis \Car`i*op"sis\, n.
See {Caryopsis}.
Cariosity \Ca`ri*os"i*ty\, n. (Med.)
Caries.
Carious \Ca"ri*ous\, a. [L. cariosus, fr. caries dacay.]
Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth.
Cark \Cark\, n. [OE. cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge;
cf. W. carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge, burden. See
{Charge}, and cf. {Cargo}.]
A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry. [Archaic.]
His heavy head, devoid of careful cark. --Spenser.
Fling cark and care aside. --Motherwell.
Freedom from the cares of money and the cark of
fashion. --R. D.
Blackmore.
Cark \Cark\, v. i.
To be careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to
worry or grieve. [R.] --Beau. & Fl.
Cark \Cark\, v. t.
To vex; to worry; to make by anxious care or worry. [R.]
Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing,
care and cark himself one penny richer. --South.
Carkanet \Car"ka*net\, n.
A carcanet. --Southey.
Carking \Cark"ing\, a.
Distressing; worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking
cares.
Carl \Carl\, n. [Icel, karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl,
OHG. charal, G. kerl fellow. See {Churl}.] [Written also
{carle}.]
1. A rude, rustic man; a churl.
The miller was a stout carl. --Chaucer.
2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; -- called also
{carl hemp}.
3. pl. A kind of food. See citation, below.
Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried
the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the
second Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl
Sunday. --Robinson's
Whitby
Glossary
(1875).
Carlin \Car"lin\, n. [Dim., fr. carl male.]
An old woman. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Carline \Car"line\, Caroline \Car"o*line\, n. [F. carin; cf. It.
carlino; -- so called from Carlo (Charles) VI. of Naples.]
A silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth
about seven cents. --Simmonds.
Carline \Car"line\, Carling \Car"ling\n. [Cf. F. carlingur, Sp.
Pg., & It. carlinga.] (Naut.)
A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from one
transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross
timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually in pl.
Carline thistle \Car"line this`tle\ [F. carline, It., Sp., &
Pg., carlina. Said to be so called from the Emperor
Charlemagne, whose army is reputed to have used it as a
remedy for pestilence.] (Bot.)
A prickly plant of the genus {Carlina} ({C. vulgaris}), found
in Europe and Asia.
Carlings \Car"lings\, n. pl.
Same as {Carl}, 3.
{Carling Sunday}, a Sunday in Lent when carls are eaten. In
some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See {Carl}, 4.
Carlist \Car"list\ (k[aum]r"l[i^]st), n.
A partisan of Charles X. of France, or of Don Carlos of
Spain.
Carlock \Car"lock\, n. [F. carlock, fr. Russ. Karl['u]k'.]
A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of the
sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.
Carlot \Car"lot\, n. [From {Carl}.]
A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman. [Obs.] --Shak.
Carlovingian \Car`lo*vin"gi*an\, a. [F. Carlovingen.]
Pertaining to, founded by, of descended from, Charlemagne;
as, the Carlovingian race of kings.
Carmagnole \Car`ma`gnole"\, n. [F.]
1. A popular or Red Rebublican song and dance, of the time of
the first French Revolution.
They danced and yelled the carmagnole. --Compton
Reade.
2. A bombastic report from the French armies.
Carman \Car"man\, n.; pl. {Carmen}
A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a
car or car.
Carmelite \Car"mel*ite\, Carmelin \Car"mel*in\ a.
Of or pertaining to the order of Carmelites.
Carmelite \Car"mel*ite\, n.
1. (Eccl. Hist.) A friar of a mendicant order (the Order of
Our Lady of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel, in
Syria, in the twelfth century; a White Friar.
2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount Carmel.
Carminated \Car"mi*na`ted\, a.
Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated lake.
--Tomlinson.
Carminative \Car*min"ative\, a. [NL. carminativus (1622), fr.
carminare to card, hence to cleanse, fr. carmen a card for
freeing wool or flax from the coarser parts, and from
extraneous matter: cf. F. carminatif.]
Expelling wind from the body; warming; antispasmodic.
``Carminative hot seeds.'' --Dunglison.
Carminative \Car*min"a*tive\, n.
A substance, esp. an aromatic, which tends to expel wind from
the alimentary canal, or to relieve colic, griping, or
flatulence.
Carmine \Car"mine\, n. [F. carmin (cf. Sp. carmin, It.
carminio), contr. from LL. carmesinus purple color. See
{Crimson}.]
1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.
2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared
from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.
3. (Chem.) The essential coloring principle of cochineal,
extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a
glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called
also {carminic acid}.
{Carmine red} (Chem.), a coloring matter obtained from
carmine as a purple-red substance, and probably allied to
the phthale["i]ns.
Carminic \Car*min"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to, or derived from, carmine.
{Carminic acid}. Same as {Carmine}, 3.
Carmot \Car"mot\, n. (Alchemy)
The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to
be composed.
Carnage \Car"nage\, n. [F. carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of
animals, flesh of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh. See
{Carnal}.]
1. Flesh of slain animals or men.
A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the carnage.
--Macaulay.
2. Great destruction of life, as in battle; bloodshed;
slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc.
The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit.
--Macaulay.
Carnal \Car"nal\, a. [L. carnalis, fr. caro, carnis, flesh; akin
to Gr. ?, Skr. kravya; cf. F. charnel, Of. also carnel. Cf.
{Charnel}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the body or its appetites; animal;
fleshly; sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful;
human or worldly as opposed to spiritual.
For ye are yet carnal. --1 Cor. iii.
3.
Not sunk in carnal pleasure. --Milton
Carnal desires after miracles. --Trench.
2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody. [Obs.]
This carnal cur Preys on the issue of his mother's
body. --Shak.
{Carnal knowledge}, sexual intercourse; -- used especially of
an unlawful act on the part of the man.
Carnalism \Car"nal*ism\, n.
The state of being carnal; carnality; sensualism. [R.]
Carnalist \Car"nal*ist\, n.
A sensualist. --Burton.
Carnality \Car*nal"i*ty\, n. [L. carnalitas.]
The state of being carnal; fleshly lust, or the indulgence of
lust; grossness of mind.
Because of the carnality of their hearts. --Tillotson.
Carnalize \Car"nal*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Carnalized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Carnalizing}.]
To make carnal; to debase to carnality.
A sensual and carnalized spirit. --John Scott.
Carnallite \Car"nal*lite\, n. [G. carnallit, fr. Von Carnall, a
Prussian.] (Min.)
A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium, sometimes
found associated with deposits of rock salt.
Carnally \Car"nal*ly\, adv.
According to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in
a manner to gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually.
For to be carnally minded is death; but to be
spiritually minded is life and peace. --Rom. viii.
6.
Carnal-minded \Car"nal-mind`ed\, a.
Worldly-minded.
Carnal-mindedness \Car"nal-mind"ed*ness\, n.
Grossness of mind.
Carnary \Car"na*ry\, n. [L. carnarium, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.]
A vault or crypt in connection with a church, used as a
repository for human bones disintered from their original
burial places; a charnel house.
Carnassial \Car*nas"si*al\, a. [Cf. F. carnassier carnivorous,
and L. caro, carnis, flesh.] (Anat.)
Adapted to eating flesh. -- n. A carnassial tooth;
especially, the last premolar in many carnivores.
Carnate \Car"nate\, a. [L. carnatus fleshy.]
Invested with, or embodied in, flesh.
Carnation \Car*na"tion\, n. [F. carnation the flesh tints in a
painting, It carnagione, fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr.
caro, carnis, flesh. See {Carnal}.]
1. The natural color of flesh; rosy pink.
Her complexion of the delicate carnation. --Ld.
Lytton.
2. pl. (Paint.) Those parts of a picture in which the human
body or any part of it is represented in full color; the
flesh tints.
The flesh tints in painting are termed carnations.
--Fairholt.
3. (Bot.) A species of {Dianthus} ({D. Caryophyllus}) or
pink, having very beautiful flowers of various colors,
esp. white and usually a rich, spicy scent.
Carnationed \Car*na"tioned\, a.
Having a flesh color.
Carnauba \Car*nau"ba\, n. (Bot.)
The Brazilian wax palm. See {Wax palm}.
Carnelian \Car*nel"ian\, n. [For carnelian; influenced by L.
carneus fleshy, of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See
{Cornellan}.] (Min.)
A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or
reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good
polish, and often used for seals.
Carneous \Car"ne*ous\, a. [L. carneus, from caro, carnis,
flesh.]
Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous; fleshy. ``Carneous
fibers.'' --Ray.
Carney \Car"ney\, n. [Cf. L. carneus flesh.] (Far.)
A disease of horses, in which the mouth is so furred that the
afflicted animal can not eat.
Carnifex \Car"ni*fex\, n. [L., fr. caro, carnis, flesh + facere
to make.] (Antiq.)
The public executioner at Rome, who executed persons of the
lowest rank; hence, an executioner or hangman.
Carnification \Car`ni*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. carnification.]
The act or process of turning to flesh, or to a substance
resembling flesh.
Carnify \Car"ni*fy\, v. i. [LL. carnificare, fr. L. caro,
carnis, flesh + facere to make: cf. F. carnifier.]
To form flesh; to become like flesh. --Sir M. Hale.
Carnin \Car"nin\, n. [L. caro, canis, flesh.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, found in extract
of meat, and related to xanthin.
Carnival \Car"ni*val\, n. [It. carnevale, prob. for older
carnelevale, prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. caro,
carnis, flesh + levare to take away, lift up, fr. levis
light.]
1. A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman
Gatholic countries during the week before Lent, esp. at
Rome and Naples, during a few days (three to ten) before
Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday.
The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of.
--Addison.
2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially
when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous
excess. --Tennyson.
He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the
dead their carnival --Byron.
Carnivora \Car*niv"o*ra\, n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L.
carnivorus. See {Carnivorous}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear,
seal, etc. They are adapted by their structure to feed upon
flesh, though some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable
food. The teeth are large and sharp, suitable for cutting
flesh, and the jaws powerful.
Carnivoracity \Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty\, n.
Greediness of appetite for flesh. [Sportive.] --Pope.
Carnivore \Car`ni*vore\, n. [Cf. F. carnivore.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Carnivora.
Carnivorous \Car*niv"o*rous\, a. [L. carnivorus; caro, carnis,
flesh + varare to devour.]
Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied:
(a) to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the
tiger, dog, etc.;
(b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food;
(c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as caustics.
Carnose \Car*nose\, Carnous \Car"*nous\, a. [L. carnosus, fr.
caro, carnis, flesh: cf. OF. carneux, F. charneux.]
1. Of or pertaining to flesh; fleshy.
A distinct carnose muscle. --Ray.
2. (Bot.) Of a fleshy consistence; -- applied to succulent
leaves, stems, etc.
Carnosity \Car*nos"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. carnosit['e].]
1. (Med.) A fleshy excrescence; esp. a small excrescence or
fungous growth. --Wiseman.
2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy covering.
[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a carnosity.
--Spelman.
The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger
than capers; yet commended they are for their
carnosity. --Holland.
Carob \Car"ob\, n. [Cf. F. caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp.
garrobo, al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar. kharr[=u]b, Per.
Kharn[=u]b. Cf. {Clgaroba}.]
1. (Bot.) An evergreen leguminous tree ({Ceratania Siliqua})
found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the
St. John's bread; -- called also {carob tree}.
2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree,
which are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by
man; -- called also {St. John's bread}, {carob bean}, and
{algaroba bean}.
Caroche \Ca*roche"\, n. [OF. carrache, F. carrose from It.
carrocio, carrozza, fr. carro, L. carus. See {Car}.]
A kind of pleasure carriage; a coach. [Obs.]
To mount two-wheeled caroches. --Butler.
Caroched \Ca*roched"\, a.
Placed in a caroche. [Obs.]
Beggary rides caroched. --Massenger.
Caroigne \Car"oigne\, n. [See {Carrion}.]
Dead body; carrion. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Carol \Car"ol\, n. [OF. carole a kind of dance wherein many
dance together, fr. caroler to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf.
Armor. koroll, n., korolla, korolli, v., Ir. car music, turn,
circular motion, also L. choraula a flute player, charus a
dance, chorus, choir.]
1. A round dance. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay.
The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. --Dryden
It was the carol of a bird. --Byron.
3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a Christmas or Easter
carol.
Heard a carol, mournful, holy. --Tennyson.
In the darkness sing your carol of high praise.
--Keble.
4. Joyful music, as of a song.
I heard the bells on Christmans Day Their old,
familiar carol play. --Longfellow.
Carol \Car"ol\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Caroled}, or {Carolled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Caroling}, or {Carolling}.]
1. To praise or celebrate in song.
The Shepherds at their festivals Carol her goodness.
--Milton.
2. To sing, especially with joyful notes.
Hovering swans . . . carol sounds harmonious.
--Prior.
Carol \Car"ol\, v. i.
To sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble.
And carol of love's high praise. --Spenser.
The gray linnets carol from the hill. --Beattie.
Carol \Car"ol\, Carrol \Car"rol\, n. [OF. carole a sort of
circular space, or carol.] (Arch.)
A small closet or inclosure built against a window on the
inner side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as
the 16th century.
A bay window may thus be called a carol. --Parker.
Carolin \Car"o*lin\, n. [L. Carolus Charles.]
A former gold coin of Germany worth nearly five dollars;
also, a gold coin of Sweden worth nearly five dollars.
Carolina pink \Car`o*li"na pink`\ (Bot.)
See {Pinkboot}.
Caroline \Car"o*line\, n.
A coin. See {Carline}.
Caroling \Car"ol*ing\, n.
A song of joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols.
--Coleridge.
Such heavenly notes and carolings. --Spenser.
Carolinian \Car`o*lin"i*an\, n.
A native or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.
Carolitic \Car`o*lit"ic\, a. (Arch.)
Adorned with sculptured leaves and branches.
Carolus \Car"o*lus\, n.; pl. E. {Caroluses}, L. {Caroli}. [L.,
Charles.]
An English gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three
shillings. It was first struck in the reign of Charles I.
Told down the crowns and Caroluses. --Macawlay.
Carom \Car"om\, n. [Prob. corrupted fr. F. carumboler to carom,
carambolage a carom, carambole the red ball in billiards.]
(Billiards)
A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact
with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more
balls with the player's ball. In England it is called
{cannon}.
Carom \Car"om\, v. i. (Billiards)
To make a carom.
Caromel \Car"o*mel\, n.
See {Caramel}.
Caroteel \Car`o*teel"\, n. (Com.)
A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc., usually about 700
lbs. --Simmonds.
Carotic \Ca*rot"ic\, a. [Gr. ? stupefying. See {Carotid}.]
1. Of or pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic state.
2. (Anat.) Carotid; as, the carotic arteries.
Carotid \Ca*rot"id\, n. [Gr. ?, pl., from ? heavy sleep: cf. F.
carotide. The early Greeks believed that these arteries in
some way caused drowsiness.] (Anat.)
One of the two main arteries of the neck, by which blood is
conveyed from the aorta to the head.
Note: [See Illust. of {Aorta}.]
Carotid \Ca*rot"id\, Carotidal \Ca*rot"id*al\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; as, the
carotid gland.
Carotin \Ca*ro"tin\, n. (Chem.)
A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the
carrot.
Carousal \Ca*rous"al\, n. [See {Carouse}, but also cf. F.
carrousel tilt.]
A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a carouse.
The swains were preparing for a carousal. --Sterne.
Syn: Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See {Feast}.
Carouse \Ca*rouse"\ (k[.a]*rouz"), n. [F. carrousse, earlier
carous, fr. G. garaus finishing stroke, the entire emptying
of the cup in drinking a health; gar entirely + aus out. See
{Yare}, and {Out}.]
1. A large draught of liquor. [Obs.] ``A full carouse of
sack.'' --Sir J. Davies.
Drink carouses to the next day's fate. --Shak.
2. A drinking match; a carousal.
The early feast and late carouse. --Pope.
Carouse \Ca*rouse"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Caroused}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Carousing}.]
To drink deeply or freely in compliment; to take part in a
carousal; to engage in drunken revels.
He had been aboard, carousing to his mates. --Shak.
Carouse \Ca*rouse"\ v. t.
To drink up; to drain; to drink freely or jovially. [Archaic]
Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the rich grape.
--Denham.
Egypt's wanton queen, Carousing gems, herself dissolved
in love. --Young.
Carouser \Ca*rous"er\, n.
One who carouses; a reveler.
Carousing \Ca*rous"ing\, a.
That carouses; relating to a carouse.
Carousingly \Ca*rous"ing*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a carouser.
Carp \Carp\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Carped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Carping}.] [OE. carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel.
karpa to boast), but influenced later by L. carpere to pluck,
calumniate.]
1. To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions
without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by
at.
Carping and caviling at faults of manner. --Blackw.
Mag.
And at my actions carp or catch. --Herbert.
Carp \Carp\, v. t.
1. To say; to tell. [Obs.]
2. To find fault with; to censure. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Carp \Carp\, n.; pl. {Carp}, formerly {Carps}. [Cf. Icel. karfi,
Dan. karpe, Sw. karp, OHG. charpho, G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL.
carpa.] (Zo["o]l.)
A fresh-water herbivorous fish ({Cyprinus carpio}.). Several
other species of {Cyprinus}, {Catla}, and {Carassius} are
called carp. See {Cruclan carp}.
Note: The carp was originally from Asia, whence it was early
introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared
in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been
introduced into America, and widely distributed by the
government. Domestication has produced several
varieties, as the leather carp, which is nearly or
quite destitute of scales, and the mirror carp, which
has only a few large scales. Intermediate varieties
occur.
{Carp louse} (Zo["o]l.), a small crustacean, of the genus
{Argulus}, parasitic on carp and allied fishes. See
{Branchiura}.
{Carp mullet} (Zo["o]l.), a fish ({Moxostoma carpio}) of the
Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the suckers.
{Carp sucker} (Zo["o]l.), a name given to several species of
fresh-water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United
States; -- called also quillback.
Carpal \Car"pal\, a. [From {Carpus}.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the carpus, or wrist. -- n. One of the
bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale.
{Carpal angle} (Zo["o]l.), the angle at the last joint of the
folded wing of a bird.
Carpale \Car*pa"le\, n.; pl. {Carpalia}. [NL., fr. E. carpus.]
(Anat.)
One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the
series articulating with the metacarpals.
Carpathian \Car*pa"thi*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary,
called the Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on
the north, east, and south.
Carpel \Car"pel\ (k[aum]r"p[e^]l), Carpellum \Car*pel"lum\
(-p[e^]l"l[u^]m), n. [NL. carpellum, fr. Gr. karpo`s fruit.]
(Bot.)
A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one
of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See
Illust of {Carpaphore}.
Carpellary \Car"pel*la*ry\, a. (Bot.)
Belonging to, forming, or containing carpels.
Carpenter \Car"pen*ter\, n. [OF. carpentier, F. charpentier, LL.
carpentarius, fr. L. carpentum wagon, carriage.]
An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of
houses, ships, etc.
Syn: {Carpenter}, {Joiner}.
Usage: The carpenter frames and puts together roofs,
partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a
building. The joiner supplies stairs, doors shutters,
mantelpieces, cupboards, and other parts necessary to
finishing the building. In America the two trades are
commonly united.
{Carpenter ant} (Zo["o]l.), any species of ant which gnaws
galleries in the wood of trees and constructs its nests
therein. They usually select dead or somewhat decayed
wood. The common large American species is {Formica
Pennsylvanica}.
{Carpenter bee} (Zo["o]l.), a large hymenopterous insect of
the genus {Xylocopa}; -- so called because it constructs
its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber. The
common American species is {Xylocopa Virginica}.
Carpentering \Car"pen*ter*ing\, n.
The occupation or work of a carpenter; the act of working in
timber; carpentry.
Carpentry \Car"pen*try\, n. [F. charpenterie, OF. also
carpenterie. See {Carpenter}.]
1. The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, as in the
construction of buildings.
2. An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by being
framed together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.;
work done by a carpenter.
Carper \Carp"er\, n.
One who carps; a caviler. --Shak.
Carpet \Car"pet\ (k[aum]r"p[e^]t), n. [OF. carpite rug, soft of
cloth, F. carpette coarse packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita
rug, blanket), LL. carpeta, carpita, woolly cloths, fr. L.
carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf. Gr. karpo`s fruit, E.
{Harvest}.]
1. A heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also
of cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made
in breadths to be sewed together and nailed to the floor,
as distinguished from a rug or mat; originally, also, a
wrought cover for tables.
Tables and beds covered with copes instead of
carpets and coverlets. --T. Fuller.
2. A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting a carpet.
``The grassy carpet of this plain.'' --Shak.
{Carpet beetle} or {Carpet bug} (Zo["o]l.), a small beetle
({Anthrenus scrophulari[ae]}), which, in the larval state,
does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; --
also called {buffalo bug}.
{Carpet knight}.
(a) A knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury, and
has not known the hardships of the field; a hero of
the drawing room; an effeminate person. --Shak.
(b) One made a knight, for some other than military
distinction or service.
{Carpet moth} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of an insect which feeds
on carpets and other woolen goods. There are several
kinds. Some are the larv[ae] of species of {Tinea} (as {T.
tapetzella}); others of beetles, esp. {Anthrenus}.
{Carpet snake} (Zo["o]l.), an Australian snake. See {Diamond
snake}, under {Diamond}.
{Carpet sweeper}, an apparatus or device for sweeping
carpets.
{To be on the carpet}, to be under consideration; to be the
subject of deliberation; to be in sight; -- an expression
derived from the use of carpets as table cover.
{Brussels carpet}. See under {Brussels}.
Carpet \Car"pet\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Carpeted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Carpeting}.]
To cover with, or as with, a carpet; to spread with carpets;
to furnish with a carpet or carpets.
Carpeted temples in fashionable squares. --E. Everett.
Carpetbag \Car"pet*bag`\, n.
A portable bag for travelers; -- so called because originally
made of carpet.
Carpetbagger \Car"pet*bag`ger\, n.
An adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a Northern man
seeking private gain or political advancement in the southern
part of the United States after the Civil War (1865)
. [U. S.]
Carpeting \Car"pet*ing\, n.
1. The act of covering with carpets.
2. Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in general.
The floor was covered with rich carpeting.
--Prescott.
Carpetless \Car"pet*less\, a.
Without a carpet.
Carpetmonger \Car"pet*mon`ger\, n.
1. One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of carpets.
2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant. --Shak.
Carpetway \Car"pet*way`\, n. (Agric.)
A border of greensward left round the margin of a plowed
field. --Ray.
Carphology \Car*phol"o*gy\ (k[add]r*f[o^]l"[-o]*j[y^]), n. [Gr.
ka`rfos any small dry body + -logy: cf. F. carphologie.]
(Med.)
See {Floccillation}.
Carping \Carp"ing\ (k[add]rp"[i^]ng), a.
Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See {Captious}. --
{Carp"ing*ly}, adv.
Carpintero \Car`pin*te"ro\ (k[add]r`p[-e]n*t[asl]"r[-o]), n.
[Sp., a carpenter, a woodpecker.]
A california woodpecker ({Melanerpes formicivorus)}, noted
for its habit of inserting acorns in holes which it drills in
trees. The acorns become infested by insect larv[ae], which,
when grown, are extracted for food by the bird.
Carpogenic \Car`po*gen"ic\ (k[add]r`p[-o]*j[e^]n"[i^]k), a. [Gr.
karpo`s fruit + -gen.] (Bot.)
Productive of fruit, or causing fruit to be developed.
Carpolite \Car"po*lite\ (k[add]r"p[-o]*l[imac]t), n. [Gr.
karpo`s fruit + -lite, cf. F. carpolithe.]
A general term for a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.
Carpological \Car`po*log"i*cal\, a.
Of or pertaining to carpology.
Carpologist \Car*pol"o*gist\, n.
One who describes fruits; one versed in carpology.
Carpology \Car*pol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + -logy.]
That branch of botany which relates to the structure of seeds
and fruit.
Carpophagous \Car*poph"a*gous\, a. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + ? to
eat.]
Living on fruits; fruit-consuming.
Carpophore \Car"po*phore\, n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + ? to bear.]
(Bot.)
A slender prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between
the carpels, as in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.
Carpophyll \Car"po*phyll\, n. [Gr. karpo`s fruit + ? leaf.]
(Bot.)
A leaf converted into a fruit or a constituent portion of a
fruit; a carpel.
Note: [See Illust. of {Gymnospermous}.]
Carpophyte \Car"po*phyte\ (k[add]r"p[-o]*l[imac]t), n. [Gr.
karpo`s fruit + fyto`n plant.] (Bot.)
A flowerless plant which forms a true fruit as the result of
fertilization, as the red seaweeds, the {Ascomycetes}, etc.
Note: The division of alg[ae] and fungi into four classes
called Carpophytes, O["o]phytes, Protophytes, and
Zygophytes (or Carpospore[ae], O["o]spore[ae],
Protophyta, and Zygospore[ae]) was proposed by Sachs
about 1875.
Carpospore \Car"po*spore\, n. [Gr. karpo`s + -spore.] (Bot.)
A kind of spore formed in the conceptacles of red alg[ae]. --
{Car`po*spor"ic}, a.
Carpus \Car"pus\, n.; pl. {Carpi}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? wrist.]
(Anat.)
The wrist; the bones or cartilages between the forearm, or
antibrachium, and the hand or forefoot; in man, consisting of
eight short bones disposed in two rows.
Carrack \Car"rack\, n.
See {Carack}.
Carrageen \Car"ra*geen`\, Carrigeen \Car"ri*geen`\, n.
A small, purplish, branching, cartilaginous seaweed
({Chondrus crispus}), which, when bleached, is the {Irish
moss} of commerce. [Also written {carragheen}, {carageen}.]
Carrancha \Car*ran"cha\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Brazilian kite ({Polyborus Brasiliensis}); -- so called
in imitation of its notes.
Carraway \Car"ra*way\, n.
See {Caraway}.
Carrel \Car"rel\, n.
See {Quarrel}, an arrow.
Carrel \Car"rel\, n. (Arch.)
Same as 4th {Carol}.
Carriable \Car"ri*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being carried.
Carriage \Car"riage\, n. [OF. cariage luggage, carriage,
chariage carriage, cart, baggage, F. charriage, cartage,
wagoning, fr. OF. carier, charier, F. charrier, to cart. See
{Carry}.]
1. That which is carried; burden; baggage. [Obs.]
David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of
the carriage. --1. Sam.
xvii. 22.
And after those days we took up our carriages and
went up to Jerusalem. --Acts. xxi.
15.
2. The act of carrying, transporting, or conveying.
Nine days employed in carriage. --Chapman.
3. The price or expense of carrying.
4. That which carries of conveys, as:
(a) A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for
elegance and comfort.
(b) A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun
carriage.
(c) A part of a machine which moves and carries of
supports some other moving object or part.
(d) A frame or cage in which something is carried or
supported; as, a bell carriage.
5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; bearing;
deportment; personal manners.
His gallant carriage all the rest did grace.
--Stirling.
6. The act or manner of conducting measures or projects;
management.
The passage and whole carriage of this action.
--Shak.
{Carriage horse}, a horse kept for drawing a carriage.
{Carriage porch} (Arch.), a canopy or roofed pavilion
covering the driveway at the entrance to any building. It
is intended as a shelter for those who alight from
vehicles at the door; -- sometimes erroneously called in
the United States {porte-coch[`e]re}.
Carriageable \Car"riage*a*ble\, a.
Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in carriages.
[R.] --Ruskin.
Carriboo \Car"ri*boo\, n.
See {Caribou}.
Carrick \Car"rick\, n. (Naut.)
A carack. See {Carack}.
{Carrick bend} (Naut.), a kind of knot, used for bending
together hawsers or other ropes.
{Carrick bitts} (Naut.), the bitts which support the
windlass. --Totten.
Carrier \Car"ri*er\, n. [From {Carry}.]
1. One who, or that which, carries or conveys; a messenger.
The air which is but . . . a carrier of the sounds.
--Bacon.
2. One who is employed, or makes it his business, to carry
goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster.
The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with rich
manufactures. --Swift.
3. (Mach.) That which drives or carries; as:
(a) A piece which communicates to an object in a lathe the
motion of the face plate; a lathe dog.
(b) A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine.
(c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers
the cartridge to a position from which it can be
thrust into the barrel.
{Carrier pigeon} (Zo["o]l.), a variety of the domestic pigeon
used to convey letters from a distant point to to its
home.
{Carrier shell} (Zo["o]l.), a univalve shell of the genus
{Phorus}; -- so called because it fastens bits of stones
and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as
almost to conceal it.
{Common carrier} (Law.) See under {Common}, a.
Carrion \Car"ri*on\, n. [OE. caroyne, OF. caroigne, F. charogne,
LL. caronia, fr. L. caro flesh Cf. {Crone}, {Crony}.]
1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an animal; flesh
so corrupted as to be unfit for food.
They did eat the dead carrions. --Spenser.
2. A contemptible or worthless person; -- a term of reproach.
[Obs.] ``Old feeble carrions.'' --Shak.
Carrion \Car"ri*on\, a.
Of or pertaining to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on
carrion.
A prey for carrion kites. --Shak.
{Carrion beetle} (Zo["o]l.), any beetle that feeds habitually
on dead animals; -- also called {sexton beetle} and
{burying beetle}. There are many kinds, belonging mostly
to the family {Silphid[ae]}.
{Carrion buzzard} (Zo["o]l.), a South American bird of
several species and genera (as {Ibycter}, {Milvago}, and
{Polyborus}), which act as scavengers. See {Caracara}.
{Carrion crow}, the common European crow ({Corvus corone})
which feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.
Carrol \Car"rol\, n. (Arch.)
See 4th {Carol}.
Carrom \Car"rom\, n. (Billiards)
See {Carom}.
Carronade \Car`ron*ade\, n. [From Carron, in Scotland where it
was first made.] (Med.)
A kind of short cannon, formerly in use, designed to throw a
large projectile with small velocity, used for the purpose of
breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing, the object
aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions, but is
supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop on
its under side.
Carron oil \Car"ron oil\
A lotion of linseed oil and lime water, used as an
application to burns and scalds; -- first used at the Carron
iron works in Scotland.
Carrot \Car"rot\, n. [F. carotte, fr. L. carota; cf. Gr. ?]
1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous biennial plant ({Daucus Carota}),
of many varieties.
2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the plant,
usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color.
Carroty \Car"rot*y\, a.
Like a carrot in color or in taste; -- an epithet given to
reddish yellow hair, etc.
Carrow \Car"row\, n. [Ir & Gael. carach cunning.]
A strolling gamester. [Ireland] --Spenser.
Carry \Car"ry\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Carried}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Carrying}.] [OF. carier, charier, F. carrier, to cart, from
OF. car, char, F. car, car. See {Car}.]
1. To convey or transport in any manner from one place to
another; to bear; -- often with away or off.
When he dieth he small carry nothing away. --Ps.
xiix. 17.
Devout men carried Stephen to his burial. --Acts
viii, 2.
Another carried the intelligence to Russell.
--Macaulay.
The sound will be carried, at the least, twenty
miles. --Bacon.
2. To have or hold as a burden, while moving from place to
place; to have upon or about one's person; to bear; as, to
carry a wound; to carry an unborn child.
If the ideas . . . were carried along with us in our
minds. --Locke.
3. To move; to convey by force; to impel; to conduct; to lead
or guide.
Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet. --Shak.
He carried away all his cattle. --Gen. xxxi.
18.
Passion and revenge will carry them too far.
--Locke.
4. To transfer from one place (as a country, book, or column)
to another; as, to carry the war from Greece into Asia; to
carry an account to the ledger; to carry a number in
adding figures.
5. To convey by extension or continuance; to extend; as, to
carry the chimney through the roof; to carry a road ten
miles farther.
6. To bear or uphold successfully through conflict, as a
leader or principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a
contest; to bring to a successful issue; to win; as, to
carry an election. ``The greater part carries it.''
--Shak.
The carrying of our main point. --Addison.
7. To get possession of by force; to capture.
The town would have been carried in the end.
--Bacon.
8. To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of; to show or
exhibit; to imply.
He thought it carried something of argument in it.
--Watts.
It carries too great an imputation of ignorance.
--Lacke.
9. To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or demean; --
with the reflexive pronouns.
He carried himself so insolently in the house, and
out of the house, to all persons, that he became
odious. --Clarendon.
10. To bear the charges or burden of holding or having, as
stocks, merchandise, etc., from one time to another; as,
a merchant is carrying a large stock; a farm carries a
mortgage; a broker carries stock for a customer; to carry
a life insurance.
{Carry arms} (Mil. Drill), a command of the Manual of Arms
directing the soldier to hold his piece in the right hand,
the barrel resting against the hollow of the shoulder in a
nearly perpendicular position. In this position the
soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, at
carry.
{To carry all before one}, to overcome all obstacles; to have
uninterrupted success.
{To carry arms}
(a) To bear weapons.
(b) To serve as a soldier.
{To carry away}.
(a) (Naut.) to break off; to lose; as, to carry away a
fore-topmast.
(b) To take possession of the mind; to charm; to delude;
as, to be carried by music, or by temptation.
{To carry coals}, to bear indignities tamely, a phrase used
by early dramatists, perhaps from the mean nature of the
occupation. --Halliwell.
{To carry coals to Newcastle}, to take things to a place
where they already abound; to lose one's labor.
{To carry off}
(a) To remove to a distance.
(b) To bear away as from the power or grasp of others.
(c) To remove from life; as, the plague carried off
thousands.
{To carry on}
(a) To carry farther; to advance, or help forward; to
continue; as, to carry on a design.
(b) To manage, conduct, or prosecute; as, to carry on
husbandry or trade.
{To carry out}.
(a) To bear from within.
(b) To put into execution; to bring to a successful
issue.
(c) To sustain to the end; to continue to the end.
{To carry through}.
(a) To convey through the midst of.
(b) To support to the end; to sustain, or keep from
falling, or being subdued. ``Grace will carry us . .
. through all difficulties.'' --Hammond.
(c) To complete; to bring to a successful issue; to
succeed.
{To carry up}, to convey or extend in an upward course or
direction; to build.
{To carry weight}.
(a) To be handicapped; to have an extra burden, as when
one rides or runs. ``He carries weight, he rides a
race'' --Cowper.
(b) To have influence.
Carry \Car"ry\, v. i.
1. To act as a bearer; to convey anything; as, to fetch and
carry.
2. To have propulsive power; to propel; as, a gun or mortar
carries well.
3. To hold the head; -- said of a horse; as, to carry well i.
e., to hold the head high, with arching neck.
4. (Hunting) To have earth or frost stick to the feet when
running, as a hare. --Johnson.
{To carry on}, to behave in a wild, rude, or romping manner.
[Colloq.]
Carry \Car"ry\, n.; pl. {Carries}.
A tract of land, over which boats or goods are carried
between two bodies of navigable water; a carrying place; a
portage. [U.S.]
Carryall \Car"ry*all`\, n. [Corrupted fr. cariole.]
A light covered carriage, having four wheels and seats for
four or more persons, usually drawn by one horse.
Carrying \Car"ry*ing\, n.
The act or business of transporting from one place to
another.
{Carrying place}, a carry; a portage.
{Carrying trade}, the business of transporting goods, etc.,
from one place or country to another by water or land;
freighting.
We are rivals with them in . . . the carrying trade.
--Jay.
Carryk \Car"ryk\, n.
A carack. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Carrytale \Car"ry*tale`\, n.
A talebearer. [R.] --Shak.
Carse \Carse\, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. cars bog, fen.
carsen reed, Armor. kars, korsen, bog plant, reed.]
Low, fertile land; a river valley. [Scot.] --Jomieson.
Cart \Cart\, n. [AS. cr[ae]t; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael. cairt, or
Icel. kartr. Cf. {Car}.]
1. A common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian
dwelling on wheels, or a chariot. ``Ph[oe]bus' cart.''
--Shak.
2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes of
husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles.
Packing all his goods in one poor cart. --Dryden.
3. A light business wagon used by bakers, grocerymen,
butchers, etc.
4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage.
{Cart horse}, a horse which draws a cart; a horse bred or
used for drawing heavy loads.
{Cart load}, or {Cartload}, as much as will fill or load a
cart. In excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc.,
one third of a cubic yard of the material before it is
loosened is estimated to be a cart load.
{Cart rope}, a stout rope for fastening a load on a cart; any
strong rope.
{To} {put (or get or set)} {the cart before the horse}, to
invert the order of related facts or ideas, as by putting
an effect for a cause.
Cart \Cart\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Carted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Carting}.]
1. To carry or convey in a cart.
2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment.
She chuckled when a bawd was carted. --Prior.
Cart \Cart\, v. i.
To carry burdens in a cart; to follow the business of a
carter.
Cartage \Cart"age\, n.
1. The act of carrying in a cart.
2. The price paid for carting.
Cartbote \Cart"bote`\, n. [Cart + bote.] (Old Eng. Law.)
Wood to which a tenant is entitled for making and repairing
carts and other instruments of husbandry.
Carte \Carte\, n. [F. See 1st {Card}.]
1. Bill of fare.
2. Short for {Carte de visite}.
Carte \Carte\ Quarte \Quarte\, n. [F. quarte, prop., a fourth.
Cf. {Quart}.] (Fencing)
A position in thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the
hand turned upward and the point of the weapon toward the
adversary's right breast.
Carte blanche \Carte` blanche"\ [F., fr. OF. carte paper +
-blanc, blanche, white. See 1st {Card}.]
A blank paper, with a person's signature, etc., at the
bottom, given to another person, with permission to
superscribe what conditions he pleases. Hence: Unconditional
terms; unlimited authority.
Carte de visite \Carte" de vi*site`\, pl. {Cartes de visite}.
[F.]
1. A visiting card.
2. A photographic picture of the size formerly in use for a
visiting card.
Cartel \Car*tel"\, n. [F., fr. LL. cartellus a little paper,
dim. fr. L. charta. See 1st {Card}.]
1. (Mil.) An agreement between belligerents for the exchange
of prisoners. --Wilhelm.
2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single
combat. [Obs.]
He is cowed at the very idea of a cartel., --Sir W.
Scott.
{Cartel}, or {Cartel ship}, a ship employed in the exchange
of prisoners, or in carrying propositions to an enemy; a
ship beating a flag of truce and privileged from capture.
Cartel \Car"tel\, v. t.
To defy or challenge. [Obs.]
You shall cartel him. --B. Jonson.
Carter \Cart"er\, n.
1. A charioteer. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any species of {Phalangium}; -- also called
{harvestman}.
(b) A British fish; the whiff.
Cartesian \Car*te"sian\, a. [From Renatus Cartesius, Latinized
from of Ren['e] Descartes: cf. F. cart['e]sien.]
Of or pertaining to the French philosopher Ren['e] Descartes,
or his philosophy.
The Cartesion argument for reality of matter. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
{Cartesian co["o]rdinates} (Geom), distance of a point from
lines or planes; -- used in a system of representing
geometric quantities, invented by Descartes.
{Cartesian devil}, a small hollow glass figure, used in
connection with a jar of water having an elastic top, to
illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of
air in changing the specific gravity of bodies.
{Cartesion oval} (Geom.), a curve such that, for any point of
the curve mr + m'r' = c, where r and r' are the distances
of the point from the two foci and m, m' and c are
constant; -- used by Descartes.
Cartesian \Car*te"sian\, n.
An adherent of Descartes.
Cartesianism \Car*te"sian*ism\, n.
The philosophy of Descartes.
Carthaginian \Car`tha*gin"i*an\, a.
Of a pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of northern
Africa. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Carthage.
Carthamin \Car"tha*min\, n. (Chem.)
A red coloring matter obtained from the safflower, or
{Carthamus tinctorius}.
Carthusian \Car*thu"sian\, n. [LL. Cartusianus, Cartusiensis,
from the town of Chartreuse, in France.] (Eccl. Hist.)
A member of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at
Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.
Carthusian \Car*thu"sian\, a.
Pertaining to the Carthusian.
Cartilage \Car"ti*lage\, n. [L. cartilago; cf. F. cartilage.]
(Anat.)
A translucent, elastic tissue; gristle.
Note: Cartilage contains no vessels, and consists of a
homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there are
numerous minute cavities, or capsules, containing
protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See Illust
under {Duplication}.
{Articular cartilage}, cartilage that lines the joints.
{Cartilage bone} (Anat.), any bone formed by the ossification
of cartilage.
{Costal cartilage}, cartilage joining a rib with he sternum.
See Illust. of {Thorax}.
Cartilagineous \Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous\, a. [L. cartilageneus.]
See {Cartilaginous}. --Ray.
Cartilaginification \Car`ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L.
cartilago, -laginis, cartilage + facere to make.]
The act or process of forming cartilage. --Wright.
Cartilaginous \Car`ti*lag"i*nous\, a. [L. cartilaginosus: cf. F.
cartilagineux.]
1. Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough
like cartilage.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having the skeleton in the state of cartilage,
the bones containing little or no calcareous matter; said
of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the sharks.
Cartman \Cart"man\, n.; pl. {Cartmen}.
One who drives or uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.
Cartographer \Car*tog"ra*pher\, n.
One who makes charts or maps.
Cartographic \Car`to*graph"ic\, Cartographical
\Car`to*graph"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to cartography.
Cartographically \Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly\, adv.
By cartography.
Cartography \Car*tog"ra*phy\, n. [Cf. F. cartographie. See
{Card}, and {-graphy}.]
The art or business of forming charts or maps.
Cartomancy \Car"to*man`cy\, n. [Cf. F. cartomancie. See {Card},
and {-mancy}.]
The art of telling fortunes with cards.
Carton \Car"ton\ (k[aum]r"t[o^]n), n. [F. See {Cartoon}.]
Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a pasteboard box.
{Carton pierre}, a species of papier-mach['e], imitating
stone or bronze sculpture. --Knight.
Cartoon \Car*toon"\, n. [F. carton (cf. It. cartone pasteboard,
cartoon); fr. L. charta. See 1st {card}.]
1. A design or study drawn of the full size, to serve as a
model for transferring or copying; -- used in the making
of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like; as,
the cartoons of Raphael.
2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or magazine;
esp. a pictorial caricature; as, the cartoons of ``Puck.''
Cartoonist \Car*toon"ist\, n.
One skilled in drawing cartoons.
Cartouch \Car*touch"\, n.; pl. {Cartouches}. [F. cartouche, It.
cartuccia, cartoccio, cornet, cartouch, fr. L. charta paper.
See 1st {Card}, and cf. {Cartridge}.]
1. (Mil.)
(a) A roll or case of paper, etc., holding a charge for a
firearm; a cartridge.
(b) A cartridge box.
(c) A wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a
cannon.
(d) A gunner's bag for ammunition.
(e) A military pass for a soldier on furlough.
2. (Arch.)
(a) A cantalever, console, corbel, or modillion, which has
the form of a scroll of paper.
(b) A tablet for ornament, or for receiving an
inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the
edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.
3. (Egyptian Antiq.) An oval figure on monuments, and in
papyri, containing the name of a sovereign.
Cartridge \Car"tridge\ (k[aum]r"tr[i^]j), n. [Formerly cartrage,
corrupted fr. F. cartouche. See {Cartouch}.] (Mil.)
A complete charge for a firearm, contained in, or held
together by, a case, capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard,
or other material.
{Ball cartridge}, a cartridge containing a projectile.
{Blank cartridge}, a cartridge without a projectile.
{Center-fire cartridge}, a cartridge in which the fulminate
occupies an axial position usually in the center of the
base of the capsule, instead of being contained in its
rim. In the Prussian needle gun the fulminate is applied
to the middle of the base of the bullet.
{Rim-fire cartridge}, a cartridge in which the fulminate is
contained in a rim surrounding its base.
{Cartridge bag}, a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a charge for
a cannon.
{Cartridge belt}, a belt having pockets for cartridges.
{Cartridge box}, a case, usually of leather, attached to a
belt or strap, for holding cartridges.
{Cartridge paper}.
(a) A thick stout paper for inclosing cartridges.
(b) A rough tinted paper used for covering walls, and also
for making drawings upon.
Cartulary \Car"tu*la*ry\, n.; pl. {Cartularies}. [LL.
cartularium, chartularium, fr. L. charta paper: cf. F.
cartulaire. See 1st {Card}.]
1. A register, or record, as of a monastery or church.
2. An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of records or
other public papers.
Cartway \Cart"way`\, n.
A way or road for carts.
Cartwright \Cart"wright`\, n. [Cart + wright.]
An artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.
Carucage \Car"u*cage\, n. [LL. carrucagium (OF. charuage.), fr.
LL. carruca plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]
1. (Old Eng. Law.) A tax on every plow or plowland.
2. The act of plowing. [R.]
Carucate \Car"u*cate\, n. [LL. carucata, carrucata. See
{Carucage}.]
A plowland; as much land as one team can plow in a year and a
day; -- by some said to be about 100 acres. --Burrill.
Caruncle \Car"un*cle\, Caruncula \Ca*run"cu*la\, n. [L.
caruncula a little piece of flesh, dim. of caro flesh.]
1. (Anat.) A small fleshy prominence or excrescence;
especially the small, reddish body, the caruncula
lacrymalis, in the inner angle of the eye.
2. (Bot.) An excrescence or appendage surrounding or near the
hilum of a seed.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A naked, flesh appendage, on the head of a
bird, as the wattles of a turkey, etc.
Caruncular \Ca*run"cu*lar\, Carunculous \Ca*run"cu*lous\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with
caruncles.
Carunculate \Ca*run"cu*late\, Carunculated \Ca*run"cu*la`ted\,
a.
Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.
Carus \Ca"rus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Med.)
Coma with complete insensibility; deep lethargy.
Carvacrol \Car"va*crol\, n. (Chem.)
A thick oily liquid, {C10H13.OH}, of a strong taste and
disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway ({Carum
carui}).
Carve \Carve\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Carved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Carving}.] [AS. ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D. kerven, G.
kerben, Dan. karve, Sw. karfva, and to Gr. ? to write, orig.
to scatch, and E. -graphy. Cf. {Graphic}.]
1. To cut. [Obs.]
Or they will carven the shepherd's throat.
--Spenser.
2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic
or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave.
Carved with figures strange and sweet. --Coleridge.
3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to
form; as, to carve a name on a tree.
An angel carved in stone. --Tennyson.
We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone.
--C. Wolfe.
4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to
divide for distribution or apportionment; to apportion.
``To carve a capon.'' --Shak.
5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting.
My good blade carved the casques of men. --Tennyson.
A million wrinkles carved his skin. --Tennyson.
6. To take or make, as by cutting; to provide.
Who could easily have carved themselves their own
food. --South.
7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.
Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new
doublet. --Shak.
{To carve out}, to make or get by cutting, or as if by
cutting; to cut out. ``[Macbeth] with his brandished steel
. . . carved out his passage.'' --Shak.
Fortunes were carved out of the property of the
crown. --Macaulay.
Carve \Carve\, v. i.
1. To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave
or cut figures.
2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for all the guests.
Carve \Carve\, n.
A carucate. [Obs.] --Burrill.
Carvel \Car"vel\, n. [Contr. fr. caravel.]
1. Same as {Caravel}.
2. A species of jellyfish; sea blubber. --Sir T. Herbert.
Carvelbuilt \Car"vel*built\, a. (Shipbuilding)
Having the planks meet flush at the seams, instead of lapping
as in a clinker-built vessel.
Carven \Car"ven\, a.
Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved. [Poetic]
A carven bowl well wrought of beechen tree. --Bp. Hall.
The carven cedarn doors. --Tennyson.
A screen of carven ivory. --Mrs.
Browning.
Carvene \Car"vene\, n. [F. carvi caraway.]
An oily substance, {C10H16}, extracted from oil caraway.
Carver \Carv"er\, n.
1. One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or
as by carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms,
architectural adornments, etc. ``The carver's chisel.''
--Dodsley.
The carver of his fortunes. --Sharp
(Richardson's
Dict. )
2. One who carves or divides meat at table.
3. A large knife for carving.
Carving \Carv"ing\, n.
1. The act or art of one who carves.
2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other
material. ``Carving in wood.'' --Sir W. Temple.
3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or
epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian carving of the
15th century.
Carvist \Car"vist\, n. [A corruption of carry fist.] (Falconary)
A hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on
the hand; a hawk in its first year. --Booth.
Carvol \Car"vol\, n. (Chem.)
One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling carvacrol.
Car wheel \Car" wheel`\,
A flanged wheel of a railway car or truck.
Caryatic \Car`y*at"ic\, Caryatid \Car`y*at"id\, a.
Of or pertaining to a caryatid.
Caryatid \Car`y*at"id\, n.; pl. {Caryatids}. [See {Caryatides}.]
(Arch.)
A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the
place of a column or pilaster.
Caryatides \Car`y*at"i*des\, n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. ? (?)
priestesses in the temple of Diana (the Greek Artemis) at
Cary[ae] (Gr. ?), a village in Laconia; as an architectural
term, caryatids.] (Arch)
Caryatids.
Note: Corresponding male figures were called Atlantes,
Telamones, and Persians.
Caryophyllaceous \Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous\, a. [Gr. ? clove tree;
? nut + ? leaf.] (Bot.)
(a) Having corollas of five petals with long claws inclosed
in a tubular, calyx, as the pink.
(b) Belonging to the family of which the pink and the
carnation are the types.
Caryophyllin \Car`y*oph"yl*lin\, n. (Chem.)
A tasteless and odorless crystalline substance, extracted
from cloves, polymeric with common camphor.
Caryophyllous \Car`y*oph"yl*lous\, a.
Caryophyllaceous.
Caryopsis \Car`y*op"sis\, n.; pl. {Caryopses}. [NL., fr. gr. ?
hut, kernel + ? sight, form.] (Bot.)
A one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous
pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and
seed are incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as
of wheat, barley, etc.
Casal \Ca"sal\, a. (Gram.)
Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal ending.
Cascabel \Cas"ca*bel\, n. [Sp. cascabel a little bell, also (fr.
the shape), a knob at the breech end of a cannon.]
The projection in rear of the breech of a cannon, usually a
knob or breeching loop connected with the gun by a neck. In
old writers it included all in rear of the base ring.
Note: [See Illust. of {Cannon}.]
Cascade \Cas*cade"\, n. [F. cascade, fr. It. cascata, fr.
cascare to ball.]
A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a
waterfall less than a cataract.
The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade.
--Longjellow.
Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade. --Cawper.
Cascade \Cas*cade"\, v. i.
1. To fall in a cascade. --Lowell.
2. To vomit. [Slang] --Smollett.
Cascalho \Cas*cal"ho\, n. [Pg., a chip of stone, gravel.]
A deposit of pebbles, gravel, and ferruginous sand, in which
the Brazilian diamond is usually found.
Cascara sagrada \Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da\ [Sp.]
Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn ({Rhamnus
Purshianus}), used as a mild cathartic or laxative.
Cascarilla \Cas`ca*ril"la\, n.[Sp., small thin bark, Peruvian
bark, dim. of c['a]scara bark.] (Bot.)
A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub ({Croton Eleutheria});
also, its aromatic bark.
{Cascarilla bark} (or {Cascarilla}) (Med.), the bark of
{Croton Eleutheria}. It has an aromatic odor and a warm,
spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It
is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of
its fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said
to occasion vertigo and intoxication.
Cascarillin \Cas`ca*ril"lin\, n. (Chem.)
A white, crystallizable, bitter substance extracted from oil
of cascarilla.
Case \Case\ (k[=a]s), n. [OF. casse, F. caisse (cf. It. cassa),
fr. L. capsa chest, box, case, fr. capere to take, hold. See
{Capacious}, and cf. 4th {Chase}, {Cash}, {Enchase}, 3d
{Sash}.]
1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods;
a case for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case
(capsule) of a cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.
2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box;
as, a case of goods; a case of instruments.
3. (Print.) A shallow tray divided into compartments or
``boxes'' for holding type.
Note: Cases for type are usually arranged in sets of two,
called respectively the upper and the lower case. The
{upper case} contains capitals, small capitals,
accented and marked letters, fractions, and marks of
reference: the {lower case} contains the small letters,
figures, marks of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces.
4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case; a window
case.
5. (Mining) A small fissure which admits water to the
workings. --Knight.
Case \Case\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cased}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Casing}.]
1. To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.
The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days
and nights in the saddle. --Prescott.
2. To strip the skin from; as, to case a box. [Obs.]
Case \Case\, n. [F. cas, fr. L. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to
happen. Cf. {Chance}.]
1. Chance; accident; hap; opportunity. [Obs.]
By aventure, or sort, or cas. --Chaucer.
2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an
instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstances;
condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a
case of injustice; the case of the Indian tribes.
In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge.
--Deut. xxiv.
13.
If the case of the man be so with his wife. --Matt.
xix. 10.
And when a lady's in the case You know all other
things give place. --Gay.
You think this madness but a common case. --Pope.
I am in case to justle a constable, --Shak.
3. (Med. & Surg.) A patient under treatment; an instance of
sickness or injury; as, ten cases of fever; also, the
history of a disease or injury.
A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases.
--Arbuthnot.
4. (Law) The matters of fact or conditions involved in a
suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit
or action at law; a cause.
Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing
is law that is not reason. --Sir John
Powell.
Not one case in the reports of our courts. --Steele.
5. (Gram.) One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of
form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its
relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute
its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun
sustains to some other word.
Case is properly a falling off from the nominative
or first state of word; the name for which, however,
is now, by extension of its signification, applied
also to the nominative. --J. W. Gibbs.
Note: Cases other than the nominative are oblique cases. Case
endings are terminations by which certain cases are
distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had
several cases distinguished by case endings, but in
modern English only that of the possessive case is
retained.
{Action on the case} (Law), according to the old
classification (now obsolete), was an action for redress
of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially
provided against by law, in which the whole cause of
complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also
{trespass on the case}, or simply {case}.
{All a case}, a matter of indifference. [Obs.] ``It is all a
case to me.'' --L'Estrange.
{Case at bar}. See under {Bar}, n.
{Case divinity}, casuistry.
{Case lawyer}, one versed in the reports of cases rather than
in the science of the law.
{Case} {stated or agreed on} (Law), a statement in writing of
facts agreed on and submitted to the court for a decision
of the legal points arising on them.
{A hard case}, an abandoned or incorrigible person. [Colloq.]
{In any case}, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.
{In case}, or {In case that}, if; supposing that; in the
event or contingency; if it should happen that. ``In case
we are surprised, keep by me.'' --W. Irving.
{In good case}, in good condition, health, or state of body.
{To put a case}, to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative
case.
Syn: Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight;
predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event;
conjuncture; cause; action; suit.
Case \Case\, v. i.
To propose hypothetical cases. [Obs.] ``Casing upon the
matter.'' --L'Estrange.
Caseation \Ca`se*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. cas['e]ation. See
{Casein}.] (Med.)
A degeneration of animal tissue into a cheesy or curdy mass.
Case-bay \Case"-bay`\, n. (Arch.)
(a) The space between two principals or girders.
(b) One of the joists framed between a pair of girders in
naked flooring.
Caseharden \Case"hard`en\, v. t.
1. To subject to a process which converts the surface of iron
into steel.
2. To render insensible to good influences.
Casehardened \Case"hard`ened\, a.
1. Having the surface hardened, as iron tools.
2. Hardened against, or insusceptible to, good influences;
rendered callous by persistence in wrongdoing or
resistance of good influences; -- said of persons.
Casehardening \Case"hard`en*ing\, n.
The act or process of converting the surface of iron into
steel. --Ure.
Note: Casehardening is now commonly effected by cementation
with charcoal or other carbonizing material, the depth
and degree of hardening (carbonization) depending on
the time during which the iron is exposed to the heat.
See {Cementation}.
Caseic \Ca"se*ic\, a. [Cf. F. cas['e]ique, fr. L. caseus
cheese.]
Of or pertaining to cheese; as, caseic acid.
Casein \Ca"se*in\, n. [Cf. F. cas['e]ine, fr. L. caseur cheese.
Cf. {Cheese}.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A proteid substance present in both the animal and the
vegetable kingdom. In the animal kingdom it is chiefly found
in milk, and constitutes the main part of the curd separated
by rennet; in the vegetable kingdom it is found more or less
abundantly in the seeds of leguminous plants. Its reactions
resemble those of alkali albumin. [Written also {caseine}.]
Case knife \Case" knife`\
1. A knife carried in a sheath or case. --Addison.
2. A large table knife; -- so called from being formerly kept
in a case.
Casemate \Case"mate\, n. [F. casemate, fr. It. casamatta, prob.
from casa house + matto, f. matta, mad, weak, feeble, dim.
from the same source as E. -mate in checkmate.]
1. (Fort.) A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which
cannon may be placed, to be fired through embrasures; or
one capable of being used as a magazine, or for quartering
troops.
2. (Arch.) A hollow molding, chiefly in cornices.
Casemated \Case"ma`ted\, a.
Furnished with, protected by, or built like, a casemate.
--Campbell.
Casement \Case"ment\, n. [Shortened fr. encasement. See {Incase
1st Case}, and cf. {Incasement}.] (Arch.)
A window sash opening on hinges affixed to the upright side
of the frame into which it is fitted. (Poetically) A window.
A casement of the great chamber window. --Shak.
Casemented \Case"ment*ed\, a.
Having a casement or casements.
Caseous \Ca"se*ous\, a. [L. caseus. Cf. {Casein}.]
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, cheese; having the
qualities of cheese; cheesy.
{Caseous degeneration}, a morbid process, in scrofulous or
consumptive persons, in which the products of inflammation
are converted into a cheesy substance which is neither
absorbed nor organized.
Casern \Ca"sern\, n. [F. caserne.]
A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns, usually near the
rampart; barracks. --Bescherelle.
Case shot \Case" shot`\ (Mil.)
A collection of small projectiles, inclosed in a case or
canister.
Note: In the United States a case shot is a thin spherical or
oblong cast-iron shell containing musket balls and a
bursting charge, with a time fuse; -- called in Europe
shrapnel. In Europe the term case shot is applied to
what in the United States is called canister.
--Wilhelm.
Caseum \Ca"se*um\, n. [L. caseus cheese.]
Same as {Casein}.
Caseworm \Case"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A worm or grub that makes for itself a case. See {Caddice}.
Cash \Cash\, n. [F. caisse case, box, cash box, cash. See {Case}
a box.]
A place where money is kept, or where it is deposited and
paid out; a money box. [Obs.]
This bank is properly a general cash, where every man
lodges his money. --Sir W.
Temple.
[pounds]20,000 are known to be in her cash. --Sir R.
Winwood.
2. (Com.)
(a) Ready money; especially, coin or specie; but also
applied to bank notes, drafts, bonds, or any paper
easily convertible into money.
(b) Immediate or prompt payment in current funds; as, to
sell goods for cash; to make a reduction in price for
cash.
{Cash account} (Bookkeeping), an account of money received,
disbursed, and on hand.
{Cash boy}, in large retail stores, a messenger who carries
the money received by the salesman from customers to a
cashier, and returns the proper change. [Colloq.]
{Cash credit}, an account with a bank by which a person or
house, having given security for repayment, draws at
pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an amount agreed
upon; -- called also {bank credit} and {cash account}.
{Cash sales}, sales made for ready, money, in distinction
from those on which credit is given; stocks sold, to be
delivered on the day of transaction.
Syn: Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.
Cash \Cash\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cashed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Casing}.]
To pay, or to receive, cash for; to exchange for money; as,
cash a note or an order.
Cash \Cash\, v. t. [See {Cashier}.]
To disband. [Obs.] --Garges.
Cash \Cash\, n.sing & pl.
A Chinese coin.
Note: The cash (Chinese tsien) is the only current coin made
by the chinese government. It is a thin circular disk
of a very base alloy of copper, with a square hole in
the center. 1,000 to 1,400 cash are equivalent to a
dollar.
Cashbook \Cash"book\ (k[a^]sh"b[oo^]k), n. (Bookkeeping)
A book in which is kept a register of money received or paid
out.
Cashew \Ca*shew"\ (k[.a]*sh[=oo]"), n. [F. acajou, for cajou,
prob. from Malay k[=a]yu tree; cf. Pg. acaju, cf. {Acajou}.]
(Bot.)
A tree ({Anacardium occidentale}) of the same family which
the sumac. It is native in tropical America, but is now
naturalized in all tropical countries. Its fruit, a
kidney-shaped nut, grows at the extremity of an edible,
pear-shaped hypocarp, about three inches long.
{Cashew nut}, the large, kidney-shaped fruit of the cashew,
which is edible after the caustic oil has been expelled
from the shell by roasting the nut.
Cashier \Cash*ier"\ (k[a^]sh*[=e]r"), n. [F. caissier, fr.
caisse. See {Cash}.]
One who has charge of money; a cash keeper; the officer who
has charge of the payments and receipts (moneys, checks,
notes), of a bank or a mercantile company.
Cashier \Cash*ier"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cahiered}; p. pr. &vb.
n. {Cashiering}.] [Earlier cash, fr. F. casser to break,
annul, cashier, fr. L. cassare, equiv. to cassum reddere, to
annul; cf. G. cassiren. Cf. {Quash} to annul, {Cass}.]
1. To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to dismiss with
ignominy from military service or from an office or place
of trust.
They have cashiered several of their followers.
--Addison.
He had insolence to cashier the captain of the lord
lieutenant's own body guard. --Macaulay.
2. To put away or reject; to disregard. [R.]
Connections formed for interest, and endeared
By selfish views, [are] censured and cashiered.
--Cowper.
They absolutely cashier the literal express sense of
the words. --Sowth.
Cashierer \Cash*ier"er\, n.
One who rejects, discards, or dismisses; as, a cashierer of
monarchs. [R.] --Burke.
Cashmere \Cash"mere\, n.
1. A rich stuff for shawls, scarfs, etc., originally made in
Cashmere from the soft wool found beneath the hair of the
goats of Cashmere, Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some
cashmere, of fine quality, is richly embroidered for sale
to Europeans.
2. A dress fabric made of fine wool, or of fine wool and
cotton, in imitation of the original cashmere.
{Cashmere shawl}, a rich and costly shawl made of cashmere;
-- often called {camel's-hair shawl}.
Cashmerette \Cash`me*rette"\, n.
A kind of dress goods, made with a soft and glossy surface
like cashmere.
Cashoo \Ca*shoo"\, n. [F. cachou, NL. {catechu}, Cochin-Chin.
cay cau from the tree called mimosa, or areca catechu. Cf.
{Catechu}.]
See {Catechu}.
Casing \Cas"ing\, n.
1. The act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a
case or thin substance, as plaster, boards, etc.
2. An outside covering, for protection or ornament, or to
precent the radiation of heat.
3. An inclosing frame; esp. the framework around a door or a
window. See {Case}, n., 4.
Casings \Ca"sings\, n. pl.
Dried dung of cattle used as fuel. [Prov. Eng.] --Waterland.
Casino \Ca*si"no\, n.; pl. E. {Casinos}, It. {Casini}. [It.
casino, dim. of casa house, fr. L. casa cottage. Cf.
{Cassing}.]
1. A small country house.
2. A building or room used for meetings, or public
amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc.
3. A game at cards. See {Cassino}.
Cask \Cask\, n. [Sp. casco potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr.
cascar to break, fr. L. Quassure to break. Cf. {Casque},
{Cass}.]
1. Same as {Casque}. [Obs.]
2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings, and hoops,
usually fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may be
larger or smaller than a barrel.
3. The quantity contained in a cask.
4. A casket; a small box for jewels. [Obs.] --Shak.
Cask \Cask\, v. t.
To put into a cask.
Casket \Cas"ket\, n. [Cf. F. casquet, dim. of casque belmet, fr.
Sp. casco.]
1. A small chest or box, esp. of rich material or ornamental
character, as for jewels, etc.
The little casket bring me hither. --Shak.
2. A kind of burial case. [U. S.]
3. Anything containing or intended to contain something
highly esteemed; as:
(a) The body. (--Shak.)
(b) The tomb. (--Milton).
(c) A book of selections. [poetic]
They found him dead . . . an empty casket.
--Shak.
Casket \Cas"ket\, n. (Naut.)
A gasket. See {Gasket}.
Casket \Cas"ket\, v. t.
To put into, or preserve in, a casket. [Poetic] ``I have
casketed my treasure.'' --Shak.
Casque \Casque\, n. [F. casque, fr. Sp. casco See {Cask}.]
A piece of defensive or ornamental armor (with or without a
vizor) for the head and neck; a helmet.
His casque overshadowed with brilliant plumes.
--Prescott.
Cass \Cass\, v. t. [F. casser, LL. cassare, fr. L. cassus empty,
hollow, and perhaps influenced by L. quassare to shake,
shatter, v. intens. of quatere to shake. Cf. {Cashier}, v.
t., {Quash}, {Cask}.]
To render useless or void; to annul; to reject; to send away.
[Obs.] --Sir W. Raleing.
Cassada \Cas"sa*da\, n.
See {Cassava}.
Cassareep \Cas"sa*reep\, n.
A condiment made from the sap of the bitter cassava ({Manihot
utilissima}) deprived of its poisonous qualities,
concentrated by boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See
{Pepper pot}.
Cassate \Cas"sate\, v. t. [LL. cassare. See {Cass}.]
To render void or useless; to vacate or annul. [Obs.]
Cassation \Cas*sa"tion\, n. [F. cassation. See {Cass}.]
The act of annulling.
A general cassation of their constitutions. --Motley.
{Court of cassation}, the highest court of appeal in France,
which has power to quash (Casser) or reverse the decisions
of the inferior courts.
Cassava \Cas"sa*va\, n. [F. cassave, Sp. cazabe, fr. kasabi, in
the language of Hayti.]
1. (Bot.) A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus
{Manihot}, with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible
starch; -- called also {manioc}.
Note: There are two species, bitter and sweet, from which the
cassava of commerce is prepared in the West Indies,
tropical America, and Africa. The bitter ({Manihot
utilissima}) is the more important; this has a
poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the
root the poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet
({M. Aipi}) is used as a table vegetable.
2. A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks of the
cassava plant, used as food and in making tapioca.
Casse Paper \Cas"se Pa"per\ [F. papier cass['e]. See {Cass}.]
Broken paper; the outside quires of a ream.
Casserole \Cas"se*role\n. [F. a saucepan, dim. from casse a
basin.]
1. (Chem.) A small round dish with a handle, usually of
porcelain.
2. (Cookery) A mold (in the shape of a hollow vessel or
incasement) of boiled rice, mashed potato or paste, baked,
and afterwards filled with vegetables or meat.
Cassia \Cas"sia\, n. [L. cassia and casia, Gr. ? and ?; of
Semitic origin; cf. Heb. qets[=i][=a]h, fr. q[=a]tsa' to cut
off, to peel off.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants (herbs, shrubs, or
trees) of many species, most of which have purgative
qualities. The leaves of several species furnish the senna
used in medicine.
2. The bark of several species of {Cinnamomum} grown in
China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon. It is imported as {cassia},
but commonly sold as cinnamon, from which it differs more
or less in strength and flavor, and the amount of outer
bark attached.
Note: The medicinal ``cassia'' (Cassia pulp) is the laxative
pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree ({Cassia fistula}
or Pudding-pipe tree), native in the East Indies but
naturalized in various tropical countries.
{Cassia bark}, the bark of {Cinnamomum cassia}, etc. The
coarser kinds are called {Cassia lignea}, and are often
used to adulterate true cinnamon.
{Cassia buds}, the dried flower buds of several species of
cinnamon ({Cinnamomum cassia}, atc..).
{Cassia oil}, oil extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds;
-- called also {oil of cinnamon}.
Cassican \Cas"si*can\, n. [NL. cassicus helmeted, fr. L. cassis
a belmet.] (Zo["o]l.)
An American bird of the genus {Cassicus}, allied to the
starlings and orioles, remarkable for its skillfully
constructed and suspended nest; the crested oriole. The name
is also sometimes given to the piping crow, an Australian
bird.
Cassideous \Cas*sid"e*ous\, a. [L. Cassis helmet.] (Bot.)
Helmet-shaped; -- applied to a corolla having a broad,
helmet-shaped upper petal, as in aconite.
Cassidony \Cas"si*do*ny\, n. [Cf. LL. cassidonium, F.
Cassidoine. See {Chalcedony}.] (Bot.)
(a) The French lavender ({Lavandula St[oe]chas}).
(b) The goldilocks {(Chrysocoma Linosyris)} and perhaps other
plants related to the genus {Gnaphalium} or cudweed.
Cassimere \Cas"si*mere\, n. [Cf. F. casimir, prob. of the same
origin as E. cashmere. Cf. {Kerseymere}.]
A thin, twilled, woolen cloth, used for men's garments.
[Written also {kerseymere}.]
Cassinette \Cas`si*nette"\, n. [Cf. Sp. casinete, G. cassinet.]
A cloth with a cotton warp, and a woof of very fine wool, or
wool and silk.
Cassinian ovals \Cas*sin"i*an o"vals\ (Math.)
See under {Oval}.
Cassino \Cas*si"no\, n. [It. casino a small house, a gaming
house. See {casino}.]
A game at cards, played by two or more persons, usually for
twenty-one points.
{Great cassino}, the ten of diamonds.
{Little cassino}, the two of spades.
Cassioberry \Cas"si*o*ber`ry\, n. [NL. cassine, from the
language of the Florida Indians.]
The fruit of the {Viburnum obovatum}, a shrub which grows
from Virginia to Florida.
Cassiopeia \Cas`si*o*pe"ia\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Astron.)
A constellation of the northern hemisphere, situated between
Cepheus and Perseus; -- so called in honor of the wife of
Cepheus, a fabulous king of Ethiopia.
{Cassiopeia's Chair}, a group of six stars, in Cassiopeia,
somewhat resembling a chair.
Cassiterite \Cas*sit"er*ite\, n. [Gr. ? tin.] (Min.)
Native tin dioxide; tin stone; a mineral occurring in
tetragonal crystals of reddish brown color, and brilliant
adamantine luster; also massive, sometimes in compact forms
with concentric fibrous structure resembling wood ({wood
tin}), also in rolled fragments or pebbly ({Stream tin}). It
is the chief source of metallic tin. See {Black tin}, under
{Black}.
Cassius \Cas"sius\, n. [From the name of the discoverer, A.
Cassius, a German physician of the 17th centry.]
A brownish purple pigment, obtained by the action of some
compounds of tin upon certain salts of gold. It is used in
painting and staining porcelain and glass to give a beautiful
purple color. Commonly called {Purple of Cassius}.
Cassock \Cas"sock\, n. [F. casaque, fr. It. casacca, perh. fr.
L. casa cottage, in It., house; or of Slavic origin.]
1. A long outer garment formerly worn by men and women, as
well as by soldiers as part of their uniform.
2. (Eccl.) A garment resembling a long frock coat worn by the
clergy of certain churches when officiating, and by others
as the usually outer garment.
Cassocked \Cas"socked\, a.
Clothed with a cassock.
Cassolette \Cas`so*lette"\, n. [F.]
a box, or vase, with a perforated cover to emit perfumes.
Cassonade \Cas`son*ade"\, n. [F., fr. casson, for caisson a
large chest. This sugar comes from Brazil in large chests.]
Raw sugar; sugar not refined. --Mc Elrath.
Cassowary \Cas"so*wa*ry\, n.; pl. {Cassowaries}. [Malay
kasu[=a]ri.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large bird, of the genus {Casuarius}, found in the east
Indies. It is smaller and stouter than the ostrich. Its head
is armed with a kind of helmet of horny substance, consisting
of plates overlapping each other, and it has a group of long
sharp spines on each wing which are used as defensive organs.
It is a shy bird, and runs with great rapidity. Other species
inhabit New Guinea, Australia, etc.
Cassumunar \Cas`su*mu"nar\, Cassumuniar \Cas`su*mu"ni*ar\, n.
[Hind.] (Med.)
A pungent, bitter, aromatic, gingerlike root, obtained from
the East Indies.
Cast \Cast\ (k[.a]st), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cast}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Casting}.] [Cf. Dan. kaste, Icel. & Sw. kasta; perh. akin
to L. {gerere} to bear, carry. E. jest.]
1. To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling; to hurl; to
impel.
Uzziah prepared . . . slings to cast stones. --2
Chron. xxvi.
14.
Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. --Acts.
xii. 8.
We must be cast upon a certain island. --Acts.
xxvii. 26.
2. To direct or turn, as the eyes.
How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! --Shak.
3. To drop; to deposit; as, to cast a ballot.
4. To throw down, as in wrestling. --Shak.
5. To throw up, as a mound, or rampart.
Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about thee.
--Luke xix.
48.
6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose.
His filth within being cast. --Shak.
Neither shall your vine cast her fruit. --Mal. iii.
11
The creatures that cast the skin are the snake, the
viper, etc. --Bacon.
7. To bring forth prematurely; to slink.
Thy she-goats have not cast their young. --Gen. xxi.
38.
8. To throw out or emit; to exhale. [Obs.]
This . . . casts a sulphureous smell. --Woodward.
9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw; as, to
cast a ray upon a screen; to cast light upon a subject.
10. To impose; to bestow; to rest.
The government I cast upon my brother. --Shak.
Cast thy burden upon the Lord. --Ps. iv. 22.
11. To dismiss; to discard; to cashier. [Obs.]
The state can not with safety cast him.
12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast a
horoscope. ``Let it be cast and paid.'' --Shak.
You cast the event of war, my noble lord. --Shak.
13. To contrive; to plan. [Archaic]
The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been cast for
[an orange-house]. --Sir W.
Temple.
14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to convict;
as, to be cast in damages.
She was cast to be hanged. --Jeffrey.
Were the case referred to any competent judge, they
would inevitably be cast. --Dr. H. More.
15. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to
make preponderate; to decide; as, a casting voice.
How much interest casts the balance in cases
dubious! --South.
16. To form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal
or other material into a mold; to fashion; to found; as,
to cast bells, stoves, bullets.
17. (Print.) To stereotype or electrotype.
18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a play
among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part.
Our parts in the other world will be new cast.
--Addison.
{To cast anchor} (Naut.) See under {Anchor}.
{To cast a horoscope}, to calculate it.
{To cast a} {horse, sheep}, or other animal, to throw with
the feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its
rising again.
{To cast a shoe}, to throw off or lose a shoe, said of a
horse or ox.
{To cast aside}, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to
reject as useless or inconvenient.
{To cast away}.
(a) To throw away; to lavish; to waste. ``Cast away a
life'' --Addison.
(b) To reject; to let perish. ``Cast away his people.''
--Rom. xi. 1. ``Cast one away.'' --Shak.
(c) To wreck. ``Cast away and sunk.'' --Shak.
{To cast by}, to reject; to dismiss or discard; to throw
away.
{To cast down}, to throw down; to destroy; to deject or
depress, as the mind. ``Why art thou cast down. O my
soul?'' --Ps. xiii. 5.
{To cast forth}, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed
place; to emit; to send out.
{To cast in one's lot with}, to share the fortunes of.
{To cast in one's teeth}, to upbraid or abuse one for; to
twin.
{To cast lots}. See under {Lot}.
{To cast off}.
(a) To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to
free one's self from.
(b) (Hunting) To leave behind, as dogs; also, to set
loose, or free, as dogs. --Crabb.
(c) (Naut.) To untie, throw off, or let go, as a rope.
{To cast off copy}, (Print.), to estimate how much printed
matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the
page must be in order that the copy may make a given
number of pages.
{To cast one's self} {on or upon} to yield or submit one's
self unreservedly to, as to the mercy of another.
{To cast out}, to throw out; to eject, as from a house; to
cast forth; to expel; to utter.
{To cast the lead} (Naut.), to sound by dropping the lead to
the bottom.
{To cast the water} (Med.), to examine the urine for signs of
disease. [Obs.].
{To cast up}.
(a) To throw up; to raise.
(b) To compute; to reckon, as the cost.
(c) To vomit.
(d) To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.
Cast \Cast\, v. i.
1. To throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook.
2. (Naut.) To turn the head of a vessel around from the wind
in getting under weigh.
Weigh anchor, cast to starboard. --Totten.
3. To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to plan; as,
to cast about for reasons.
She . . . cast in her mind what manner of salution
this should be. --Luke. i. 29.
4. To calculate; to compute. [R.]
Who would cast and balance at a desk. --Tennyson.
5. To receive form or shape in a mold.
It will not run thin, so as to cast and mold.
--Woodward.
6. To warp; to become twisted out of shape.
Stuff is said to cast or warp when . . . it alters
its flatness or straightness. --Moxon.
7. To vomit.
These verses . . . make me ready to cast. --B.
Jonson.
Cast \Cast\,
3d pres. of {Cast}, for Casteth. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cast \Cast\, n. [Cf. Icel., Dan., & Sw. kast.]
1. The act of casting or throwing; a throw.
2. The thing thrown.
A cast of dreadful dust. --Dryden.
3. The distance to which a thing is or can be thrown. ``About
a stone's cast.'' --Luke xxii. 41.
4. A throw of dice; hence, a chance or venture.
An even cast whether the army should march this way
or that way. --Sowth.
I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the
hazard of the die. --Shak.
5. That which is throw out or off, shed, or ejected; as, the
skin of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's stomach, the
excrement of a earthworm.
6. The act of casting in a mold.
And why such daily cast of brazen cannon. --Shak.
7. An impression or mold, taken from a thing or person;
amold; a pattern.
8. That which is formed in a mild; esp. a reproduction or
copy, as of a work of art, in bronze or plaster, etc.; a
casting.
9. Form; appearence; mien; air; style; as, a peculiar cast of
countenance. ``A neat cast of verse.'' --Pope.
An heroic poem, but in another cast and figure.
--Prior.
And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied
o'er with the pale cast of thought. --Shak.
10. A tendency to any color; a tinge; a shade.
Gray with a cast of green. --Woodward.
11. A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage;
specifically, an opportunity of riding; a lift. [Scotch]
We bargained with the driver to give us a cast to
the next stage. --Smollett.
If we had the cast o' a cart to bring it. --Sir W.
Scott.
12. The assignment of parts in a play to the actors.
13. (Falconary) A flight or a couple or set of hawks let go
at one time from the hand. --Grabb.
As when a cast of falcons make their flight.
--Spenser.
14. A stoke, touch, or trick. [Obs.]
This was a cast of Wood's politics; for his
information was wholly false. --Swift.
15. A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction; look; glance;
squint.
The cast of the eye is a gesture of aversion.
--Bacon.
And let you see with one cast of an eye. --Addison.
This freakish, elvish cast came into the child's
eye. --Hawthorne.
16. A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a mold.
17. Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a vessel at
once in counting herrings, etc; a warp.
18. Contrivance; plot, design. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{A cast of the eye}, a slight squint or strabismus.
{Renal cast} (Med.), microscopic bodies found in the urine of
persons affected with disease of the kidneys; -- so called
because they are formed of matter deposited in, and
preserving the outline of, the renal tubes.
{The last cast}, the last throw of the dice or last effort,
on which every thing is ventured; the last chance.
Castalian \Cas*ta"li*an\, a. [L. Castalius]
Of or pertaining to Castalia, a mythical fountain of
inspiration on Mt. Parnassus sacred to the Muses. --Milton.
Castanea \Cas*ta"ne*a\, n. [L., a chestnut, fr. Gr. ?.] (Bot.)
A genus of nut-bearing trees or shrubs including the chestnut
and chinquapin.
Castanet \Cas"ta*net\, n.
See {Castanets}.
Castanets \Cas"ta*nets\, n. pl. [F. castagnettes, Sp.
casta[~n]etas, fr. L. castanea (Sp. casta[~n]a) a chestnut.
So named from the resemblance to two chestnuts, or because
chestnuts were first used for castanets. See {Chestnut}.]
Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like
spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the
middle finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an
accompaniment to their dance and guitars.
Note: The singular, castanet, is used of one of the pair, or,
sometimes, of the pair forming the instrument.
The dancer, holding a castanet in each hand,
rattles then to the motion of his feet. --Moore
(Encyc. of
Music).
Castaway \Cast"a*way\, n.
1. One who, or that which, is cast away or shipwrecked.
2. One who is ruined; one who has made moral shipwreck; a
reprobate.
Lest . . . when I have preached to others, I myself
should be a castaway. --1 Cor. ix.
27.
Castaway \Cast"a*way\, a.
Of no value; rejected; useless.
Caste \Caste\, n. [Pg. casta race, lineage, fr. L. castus pure,
chaste: cf. F. caste, of same origin.]
1. One of the hereditary classes into which the Hindoos are
divided according to the laws of Brahmanism.
Note: The members of the same caste are theoretically of
equal rank, and same profession or occupation, and may
not eat or intermarry with those not of their own
caste. The original are four, viz., the Brahmans, or
sacerdotal order; the Kshatriyas, or soldiers and
rulers; the Vaisyas, or husbandmen and merchants; and
the Sudras, or laborers and mechanics. Men of no caste
are Pariahs, outcasts. Numerous mixed classes, or
castes, have sprung up in the progress of time.
2. A separate and fixed order or class of persons in society
who chiefly hold intercourse among themselves.
The tinkers then formed an hereditary caste.
--Macaulay.
{To lose caste}, to be degraded from the caste to which one
has belonged; to lose social position or consideration.
Castellan \Cas"tel*lan\, n. [OF. castelain, F. ch[^a]telain, L.
castellanus pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a caste,
LL., a governor of a castle, fr. L. castellum castle,
citadel, dim. of castrum fortified place. See {Castle}, and
cf. {Chatelaine}.]
A governor or warden of a castle.
Castellany \Cas"tel*la*ny\, n.; pl. {Castellanies}. [LL.
castellania.]
The lordship of a castle; the extent of land and jurisdiction
appertaining to a castle.
Castellated \Cas"tel*la`ted\, a. [LL. castellatus, fr.
castellare. See {Castle}.]
1. Inclosed within a building; as, a fountain or cistern
castellated. [Obs.] --Johnson.
2. Furnished with turrets and battlements, like a castle;
built in the style of a castle.
Castellation \Cas`tel*la"tion\, n. [LL. castellation, fr.
castellare, fr. L. castellum. See {Castle}.]
The act of making into a castle.
Caster \Cast"er\, n.
1. One who casts; as, caster of stones, etc.; a caster of
cannon; a caster of accounts.
2. A vial, cruet, or other small vessel, used to contain
condiments at the table; as, a set of casters.
3. A stand to hold a set of cruets.
4. A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is supported
and moved.
Castigate \Cas"ti*gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Castigated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Castigating}.] [L. castigatus, p. p. of
castigare to correct, punish; castus pure, chaste + agere to
move, drive. See {Caste}, and cf. {Chasten}.]
1. To punish by stripes; to chastise by blows; to chasten;
also, to chastise verbally; to reprove; to criticise
severely.
2. To emend; to correct. [Obs.]
Castigation \Cas`ti*ga"tion\, n. [L. catigatio.]
1. Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof; pungent
criticism.
The keenest castigation of her slanderers. --W.
Irving.
2. Emendation; correction. [Obs.]
Castigator \Cas`ti*ga"tor\, n. [L.]
One who castigates or corrects.
Castigatory \Cas`ti*ga*to*ry\, a. [L. castigatorius.]
Punitive in order to amendment; corrective.
Castigatory \Cas"ti*ga*to*ry\, n.
An instrument formerly used to punish and correct arrant
scolds; -- called also a {ducking stool}, or {trebucket}.
--Blacktone.
Castile soap \Cas"tile soap`\ [From Castile, or Castilia, a
province in Spain, from which it originally came.]
A kind of fine, hard, white or mottled soap, made with olive
oil and soda; also, a soap made in imitation of the
above-described soap.
Castilian \Cas*til"ian\, n. [Sp. castellano, from Castila, NL.
Castilia, Castella. Castile, which received its name from the
castles erected on the frontiers as a barrier against the
Moors.]
1. An inhabitant or native of Castile, in Spain.
2. The Spanish language as spoken in Castile.
Castillan \Cas*til"lan\, a.
Of or pertaining to Castile, in Spain.
Casting \Cast"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.
2. The act or process of making casts or impressions, or of
shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or the process
of pouring molten metal into a mold.
3. That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of metal so
cast; as, a casting in iron; bronze casting.
4. The warping of a board. --Brande & C.
5. The act of casting off, or that which is cast off, as
skin, feathers, excrement, etc.
{Casting of draperies}, the proper distribution of the folds
of garments, in painting and sculpture.
{Casting line} (Fishing), the leader; also, sometimes applied
to the long reel line.
{Casting net}, a net which is cast and drawn, in distinction
from a net that is set and left.
{Casting voice}, {Casting vote}, the decisive vote of a
presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or house
are equally divided. ``When there was an equal vote, the
governor had the casting voice.'' --B. Trumbull.
{Casting weight}, a weight that turns a balance when exactly
poised.
Cast iron \Cast" i`ron\
Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the blast
furnace; -- used for making castings, and for conversion into
wrought iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is
brittle, and sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains
sulphur, phosphorus, silica, etc.
Cast-iron \Cast"-i`ron\, a.
Made of cast iron. Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy;
unyielding.
Castle \Cas"tle\, n. [AS. castel, fr. L. castellum, dim. of
castrum a fortified place, castle.]
1. A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or
nobleman; a fortress.
The house of every one is to him castle and
fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and
violence, as for his repose. --Coke.
Our castle's strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.
--Shak.
Note: Originally the medi[ae]val castle was a single strong
tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it and
inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and
surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with
courtyards or baileys and accessory buildings of
greater elaboration a great hall and a chapel, all
surrounded by defensive walls and a moat, with a
drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by
large dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or
by those which replaced ancient fortresses.
A Donjon or Keep, an irregular building containing the dwelling
of the lord and his family; B C Large round towers ferming part
of the donjon and of the exterior; D Square tower, separating
the two inner courts and forming part of the donjon; E Chapel,
whose apse forms a half-round tower, F, on the exterior walls; G
H Round towers on the exterior walls; K Postern gate, reached
from outside by a removable fight of steps or inclined plane for
hoisting in stores, and leading to a court, L (see small
digagram) whose pavement is on a level with the sill of the
postern, but below the level of the larger court, with which it
communicates by a separately fortified gateway; M Turret,
containing spiral stairway to all the stories of the great
tower, B, and serving also as a station for signal fire, banner,
etc.; N Turret with stairway for tower, C; O Echauguettes; P P P
Battlemants consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the
merlons being pierced by loopholes; Q Q Machicolations (those at
Q defend the postern K); R Outwork defending the approach, which
is a road ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of
the castle; S S Wall of the outer bailey. The road of approach
enters the bailey at T and passes thence into the castle by the
main entrance gateway (which is in the wall between, and
defended by the towers, C H) and over two drawbridges and
through fortified passages to the inner court.
2. Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.
3. A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.
4. A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the game of
chess; a rook.
{Castle in the air}, a visionary project; a baseless scheme;
an air castle; -- sometimes called a {castle in Spain} (F.
Ch[^a]teau en Espagne).
Syn: Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See
{Fortress}.
Castle \Cas"tle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Castled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Castling}.] (Chess)
To move the castle to the square next to king, and then the
king around the castle to the square next beyond it, for the
purpose of covering the king.
Castlebuilder \Cas"tle*build`er\, n.
Fig.: one who builds castles in the air or forms visionary
schemes. -- {Cas"tle*build`ing}, n.
Castled \Cas"tled\, a.
Having a castle or castles; supporting a castle; as, a
castled height or crag.
2. Fortified; turreted; as, castled walls.
Castle-guard \Cas"tle-guard`\, n.
1. The guard or defense of a castle.
2. (O. Eng. Law) A tax or imposition an a dwelling within a
certain distance of a castle, for the purpose of
maintaining watch and ward in it; castle-ward.
3. A feudal tenure, obliging the tenant to perform service
within the realm, without limitation of time.
Castlery \Cas"tle*ry\, n. [Cf. OF. castelerie. See {Castle}.]
The government of a castle. --Blount.
Castlet \Cas"tlet\, n.
A small castle. --Leland.
Castleward \Cas"tle*ward`\, n.
Same as {Castleguard}.
Castling \Cast"ling\, n.
That which is cast or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
--Sir T. Browne.
Castling \Cas"tling\, n. (Chess)
A compound move of the king and castle. See {Castle}, v. i.
Cast-off \Cast"-off`\, a.
Cast or laid aside; as, cast-off clothes.
Castor \Cas"tor\, n. [L. castor the beaver, Gr. ?; of uncertain
origin.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of rodents, including the beaver. See
{Beaver}.
2. Castoreum. See {Castoreum}.
3. A hat, esp. one made of beaver fur; a beaver.
I have always been known for the jaunty manner in
which I wear my castor. --Sir W.
Scott.
4. A heavy quality of broadcloth for overcoats.
Castor \Cast"or\, n.
See {Caster}, a small wheel.
Castor \Cas"tor\, n. [L.] (Astron.)
the northernmost of the two bright stars in the constellation
Gemini, the other being Pollux.
Castor \Cas"tor\, Castorite \Cas"tor*ite\, n. [The minerals
castor and pollux were so named because found together on the
island of Elba. See {Castor and Pollux}.] (Min.)
A variety of the mineral called petalite, from Elba.
Castor and Pollux \Cas"tor and Pol"lux\ [Castor and Pollux were
twin sons of Jupiter and Leda.] (Naut.)
See {Saint Elmo's fire}, under {Saint}.
Castor bean \Cas"tor bean`\ (Bot.)
The bean or seed of the castor-oil plant ({Ricinus communis},
or {Palma Christi}.)
Castoreum \Cas*to"re*um\, n. [L. See {Castor}.]
A peculiar bitter orange-brown substance, with strong,
penetrating odor, found in two sacs between the anus and
external genitals of the beaver; castor; -- used in medicine
as an antispasmodic, and by perfumers.
Castorin \Cas"to*rin\ (k[a^]s"t[-o]*r[i^]n), n. [From 1st
{Castor}.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance obtained from castoreum.
Castor oil \Cas"tor oil\ (k[a^]s"t[~e]r oil`).
A mild cathartic oil, expressed or extracted from the seeds
of the {Ricinus communis}, or {Palma Christi}. When fresh the
oil is inodorous and insipid.
{Castor-oil plant}. Same as {Palma Christi}.
Castrametation \Cas`tra*me*ta"tion\, n. [F. castram['e]tation,
fr. L. castra camp + metari to measure off, fr. meta limit.]
(Mil.)
The art or act of encamping; the making or laying out of a
camp.
Castrate \Cas"trate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Castrated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Castrating}.] [L. castrarus, p; p. of castrare to
castrate, asin to Skr. [,c]astra knife.]
1. To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to
alter.
2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything erroneous, or
objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a writing; to
expurgate.
My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the
following letter, which I have castrated in some
places. --Spectator.
Castration \Cas*tra"tion\, n. [L. castratio; cf. F. castration.]
The act of castrating.
Castrato \Cas*tra"to\, n. [L., properly p. p. of castrare. See
{Castrate}.]
A male person castrated for the purpose of improving his
voice for singing; an artificial, or male, soprano. --Swift.
Castrel \Cas"trel\, n. [Cf. F. cr['e]cerelle, cristel, OF.
crecel, cercele. Cf. {Kestrel}.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Kestrel}.
Castrensial \Cas*tren"sial\, a. [L. castrensis, fr. castra
camp.]
Belonging to a camp. --Sir T. Browne.
Castrensian \Cas*tren"sian\, a.
Castrensial. [R.]
Cast steel \Cast" steel`\
See {Cast steel}, under {Steel}.
Casual \Cas"u*al\, a. [OE. casuel, F. casuel, fr. L. casualis,
fr. casus fall, accident, fr. cadere to fall. See {Case}.]
1. Happening or coming to pass without design, and without
being foreseen or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming
by chance.
Casual breaks, in the general system. --W. Irving.
2. Coming without regularity; occasional; incidental; as,
casual expenses.
A constant habit, rather than a casual gesture.
--Hawthorne.
Syn: Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional;
contingent; unforeseen. See {Accidental}.
Casual \Cas"u*al\, n.
One who receives relief for a night in a parish to which he
does not belong; a vagrant.
Casualism \Cas"u*al*ism\, n.
The doctrine that all things exist or are controlled by
chance.
Casualist \Cas"u*al*ist\, n.
One who believes in casualism.
Casually \Cas"u*al*ly\, adv.
Without design; accidentally; fortuitously; by chance;
occasionally.
Casualness \Cas"u*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being casual.
Casualty \Cas"u*al*ty\, n.; pl. {Casualties}. [F. casualit['e],
LL. casualitas.]
1. That which comes without design or without being foreseen;
contingency.
Losses that befall them by mere casualty. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
2. Any injury of the body from accident; hence, death, or
other misfortune, occasioned by an accident; as, an
unhappy casualty.
3. pl. (Mil. & Naval) Numerical loss caused by death, wounds,
discharge, or desertion.
{Casualty ward}, A ward in a hospital devoted to the
treatment of injuries received by accident.
Syn: Accident; contingency; fortuity; misfortune.
Casuarina \Cas`u*a*ri"na\, n. [NL., supposed to be named from
the resemblance of the twigs to the feathers of the
cassowary, of the genus {Casuarius}.] (Bot.)
A genus of leafless trees or shrubs, with drooping branchlets
of a rushlike appearance, mostly natives of Australia. Some
of them are large, producing hard and heavy timber of
excellent quality, called {beefwood} from its color.
Casuist \Cas"u*ist\, n. [L. casus fall, case; cf. F. casuiste.
See {Casual}.]
One who is skilled in, or given to, casuistry.
The judment of any casuist or learned divine concerning
the state of a man's soul, is not sufficient to give
him confidence. --South.
Casuist \Cas"u*ist\, v. i.
To play the casuist. --Milton.
Casuistic \Cas`u*is"tic\, Casuistieal \Cas`u*is"tie*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to casuists or casuistry.
Casuistry \Cas"u*ist*ry\, a.
1. The science or doctrine of dealing with cases of
conscience, of resolving questions of right or wrong in
conduct, or determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of
what a man may do by rules and principles drawn from the
Scriptures, from the laws of society or the church, or
from equity and natural reason; the application of general
moral rules to particular cases.
The consideration of these nice and puzzling
question in the science of ethics has given rise, in
modern times, to a particular department of it,
distinguished by the title of casuistry. --Stewart.
Casuistry in the science of cases (i.e., oblique
deflections from the general rule). --De Quincey.
2. Sophistical, equivocal, or false reasoning or teaching in
regard to duties, obligations, and morals.
Casus \Ca"sus\, n. [L.]
An event; an occurrence; an occasion; a combination of
circumstances; a case; an act of God. See the Note under
{Accident}.
{Casus belli}, an event or combination of events which is a
cause war, or may be alleged as a justification of war.
{Casus fortuitus}, an accident against which due prudence
could not have provided. See {Act of God}, under {Act}.
{Casus omissus}, a case not provided for by the statute.
Cat \Cat\, n. [AS. cat; akin to D. & Dan. kat, Sw. kett, Icel.
k["o]ttr, G. katze, kater, Ir. Cat, W. cath, Armor. kaz, LL.
catus, Bisc. catua, NGr. ?, ?, Russ. & Pol. cot, Turk. kedi,
Ar. qitt; of unknown origin. CF. {Ketten}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) An animal of various species of the genera
{Felis} and {Lynx}. The domestic cat is {Felis domestica}.
The European wild cat ({Felis catus}) is much larger than
the domestic cat. In the United States the name {wild cat}
is commonly applied to the bay lynx ({Lynx rufus}) See
{Wild cat}, and {Tiger cat}.
Note: The domestic cat includes many varieties named from
their place of origin or from some peculiarity; as, the
{Angora cat}; the {Maltese cat}; the {Manx cat}.
Note: The word cat is also used to designate other animals,
from some fancied resemblance; as, civet cat, fisher
cat, catbird, catfish shark, sea cat.
2. (Naut.)
(a) A strong vessel with a narrow stern, projecting
quarters, and deep waist. It is employed in the coal
and timber trade.
(b) A strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the
cathead of a ship. --Totten.
3. A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.), having six
feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever
position in is placed.
4. An old game;
(a) The game of tipcat and the implement with which it is
played. See {Tipcat}.
(c) A game of ball, called, according to the number of
batters, one old cat, two old cat, etc.
5. A cat o' nine tails. See below.
{Angora cat}, {blind cat}, See under {Angora}, {Blind}.
{Black cat} the fisher. See under {Black}.
{Cat and dog}, like a cat and dog; quarrelsome; inharmonious.
``I am sure we have lived a cat and dog life of it.''
--Coleridge.
{Cat block} (Naut.), a heavy iron-strapped block with a large
hook, part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor up to
the cathead.
{Cat hook} (Naut.), a strong hook attached to a cat block.
{Cat nap}, a very short sleep. [Colloq.]
{Cat o' nine tails}, an instrument of punishment consisting
of nine pieces of knotted line or cord fastened to a
handle; -- formerly used to flog offenders on the bare
back.
{Cat's cradle}, game played, esp. by children, with a string
looped on the fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The
string is transferred from the fingers of one to those of
another, at each transfer with a change of form. See
{Cratch}, {Cratch cradle}.
{To let the cat out of the bag}, to tell a secret, carelessly
or willfully. [Colloq.]
{Bush cat}, the serval. See {Serval}.
Cat \Cat\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {tted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Catting}.] (Naut.)
To bring to the cathead; as, to cat an anchor. See {Anchor}.
--Totten.
Cata \Cat"a\ [Gr. kata`.]
The Latin and English form of a Greek preposition, used as a
prefix to signify down, downward, under, against, contrary or
opposed to, wholly, completely; as in cataclysm, catarrh. It
sometimes drops the final vowel, as in catoptric; and is
sometimes changed to cath, as in cathartic, catholic.
Catabaptist \Cat`a*bap"tist\, n. [Pref. cata + aptist. See
{Baptist}.] (Eccl.)
One who opposes baptism, especially of infants. [Obs.]
--Featley.
Catabasion \Cat`a*ba"sion\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. kataba`sion.]
A vault under altar of a Greek church.
Catabiotic \Cat`a*bi*ot"ic\, a.
See under {Force}.
Catacaustic \Cat`a*caus"tic\, a. [Pref. cata + caustic.]
(Physics)
Relating to, or having the properties of, a caustic curve
formed by reflection. See {Caustic}, a. --Nichol.
Catacaustic \Cat`a*caus"tic\, n. (Physics)
A caustic curve formed by reflection of light. --Nichol.
Catachresis \Cat`a*chre"sis\, n. [L. fr. Gr. ? misuse, fr. ? to
misuse; kata` against + ? to use.] (Rhet.)
A figure by which one word is wrongly put for another, or by
which a word is wrested from its true signification; as, ``To
take arms against a sea of troubles''. --Shak. ``Her voice
was but the shadow of a sound.'' --Young.
Catachrestic \Cat`a*chres"tic\, Catachrestical
\Cat`a*chres"tic*al\, a.
Belonging to, or in the manner of, a catachresis; wrested
from its natural sense or form; forced; far-fetched. --
{Cat`a*chres"tic*al*ly}, adv.
[A] catachrestical and improper way of speaking. --Jer.
Taylor.
Cataclysm \Cat"a*clysm\, n. [L. cataclysmos, Gr. kataklysmo`s,
from ? to dash over, inundate; kata` downward, against + ? to
wash or dash over: cf. F. cataclysme.]
1. An extensive overflow or sweeping flood of water; a
deluge.
2. (Geol.) Any violent catastrophe, involving sudden and
extensive changes of the earth's surface.
Cataclysmal \Cat`a*clys"mal\, Cataclysmic \Cat`a*clys"mic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a cataclysm.
Cataclysmist \Cat`a*clys"mist\, n.
One who believes that the most important geological phenomena
have been produced by cataclysms.
Catacomb \Cat"a*comb\, n. [It. catacomba, fr. L. catacumba perh.
from Gr. kata` downward, down + ky`mbh cavity.]
A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place of large extent used
for the burial of the dead; -- commonly in the plural.
Note: The terms is supposed to have been applied originally
to the tombs under the church of St. Sebastian in Rome.
The most celebrated catacombs are those near Rome, on
the Appian Way, supposed to have been the place or
refuge and interment of the early Christians; those of
Egypt, extending for a wide distance in the vicinity of
Cairo; and those of Paris, in abandoned stone quarries,
excavated under a large portion of the city.
Catacoustic \Cat`a*cous"tic\, n. [Pref. cata + acoustics: cf. F.
caraconstique.] (Physics)
That part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or
echoes See {Acoustics}. --Hutton.
Catadioptric \Cat`a*di*op"tric\, Catadioptrical
\Cat`a*di*op"tric*al\, a. [Pref. cata + dioptric: cf. F.
catadioptrique.] (Physics)
Pertaining to, produced by, or involving, both the reflection
and refraction of light; as, a catadioptric light. --Hutton.
Catadioptrics \Cat`a*di*op"trics\, n.
The science which treats of catadioptric phenomena, or of the
used of catadioptric instruments.
Catadrome \Cat"a*drome\, n. [Gr. kata`dromos race course; kata`
down + dro`mos course.]
1. A race course.
2. (Mach.) A machine for raising or lowering heavy weights.
Catadromous \Ca*tad"ro*mous\, a. [Gr. kata` down + dro`mos a
running.]
1. (Bot.) Having the lowest inferior segment of a pinna
nearer the rachis than the lowest superior one; -- said of
a mode of branching in ferns, and opposed to {anadromous}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Living in fresh water, and going to the sea to
spawn; -- opposed to {anadromous}, and said of the eel.
Catafalco \Cat`a*fal"co\, n. [It.]
See {Catafalque}.
Catafalque \Cat"a*falque`\, n. [F., fr. It. catafalco, scaffold,
funeral canopy; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. catafalso,
cadahalso, cadalso, Pr. casafalc, OF. chafaut. Cf.
{Scaffold}.]
A temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral
solemnities of eminent persons, for the public exhibition of
the remains, or their conveyance to the place of burial.
Catagmatic \Cat`*ag*mat"ic\, a. [Gr. ? fracture, fr. ? to break
in places; kata` down + 'agny`nai to break: cf. F.
catagmatique.] (Med.)
Having the quality of consolidating broken bones.
Cataian \Ca*ta"ian\, n.
A native of Cathay or China; a foreigner; -- formerly a term
of reproach. --Shak.
Catalan \Cat"a*lan\, a.
Of or pertaining to Catalonia. -- n. A native or inhabitant
of Catalonia; also, the language of Catalonia.
{Catalan furnace}, {Catalan forge} (Metal.), a kind of
furnace for producing wrought iron directly from the ore.
It was formerly much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still
used in some parts of the United States and elsewhere.
Catalectic \Cat`a*lec"tic\, a. [L. catalecticus, Gr. ?
incomplete, fr. ? to leave off; kata` down, wholly + lh`gein
to stop.]
1. (Pros.) Wanting a syllable at the end, or terminating in
an imperfect foot; as, a catalectic verse.
2. (Photog. & Chem.) Incomplete; partial; not affecting the
whole of a substance. --Abney.
Catalepsy \Cat"a*lep`sy\, Catalepsis \Cat`a*lep"sis\, n. [NL.
catalepsis, fr. Gr. ? a seizure, fr. ? to seize upon; kata`
down + ? to take, seize.] (Med.)
A sudden suspension of sensation and volition, the body and
limbs preserving the position that may be given them, while
the action of the heart and lungs continues.
Cataleptic \Cat`a*lep"tic\, a. [Gr. katalhptiko`s.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy; affected with
catalepsy; as, a cataleptic fit.
Catallacta \Cat`al*lac"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See
{Catallactics}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Protozoa, of which {Magosph[ae]ra} is the type.
They exist both in a myxopod state, with branched
pseudopodia, and in the form of ciliated bodies united in
free, spherical colonies.
Catallactics \Cat`al*lac"tics\n. [Gr. ? to exchange; kata`
wholly + ? to change.]
The science of exchanges, a branch of political economy.
Catalog \Cat"a*log\, n. & v.
Catalogue.
Catalogize \Cat"a*lo*gize\, v. t.
To insert in a catalogue; to register; to catalogue. [R.]
--Coles.
Catalogue \Cat"a*logue\, n. [F., fr. catalogus, fr. Gr. ? a
counting up, list, fr. ? to count up; kata` down, completely
+ ? to say.]
A list or enumeration of names, or articles arranged
methodically, often in alphabetical order; as, a catalogue of
the students of a college, or of books, or of the stars.
{Card catalogue}, a catalogue, as of books, having each item
entered on a separate card, and the cards arranged in
cases by subjects, or authors, or alphabetically.
{Catalogue raisonn['e]}[F.], a catalogue of books, etc.,
classed according to their subjects.
Syn: List; roll; index; schedule; enumeration; inventory. See
{List}.
Catalogue \Cat"a*logue\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Catalogued}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cataloguing}.]
To make a list or catalogue; to insert in a catalogue.
Cataloguer \Cat"a*log`uer\, n.
A maker of catalogues; esp. one skilled in the making of
catalogues.
Catalpa \Ca*tal"pa\, n. [From the language of the Indians of
Carolina, where Catesby discovered this tree in the year
1726.] (Bot.)
A genus of American and East Indian trees, of which the best
know species are the {Catalpa bignonioides}, a large,
ornamental North American tree, with spotted white flowers
and long cylindrical pods, and the {C. speciosa}, of the
Mississipi valley; -- called also {Indian bean}.
Catalysis \Ca*tal"y*sis\, n.; pl. {Catalyse}.[ML., fr. Gr. ?
dissolution, fr. ? to destroy, dissolve; kata` down, wholly +
? to loose.]
1. Dissolution; degeneration; decay. [R.]
Sad catalysis and declension of piety. --Evelyn.
2. (Chem.)
(a) A process by which reaction occurs in the presence of
certain agents which were formerly believed to exert
an influence by mere contact. It is now believed that
such reactions are attended with the formation of an
intermediate compound or compounds, so that by
alternate composition and decomposition the agent is
apparenty left unchanged; as, the catalysis of making
ether from alcohol by means of sulphuric acid; or
catalysis in the action of soluble ferments (as
diastase, or ptyalin) on starch.
(b) The catalytic force.
Catalytic \Cat`a*ly"tic\, a.
Relating to, or causing, catalysis. ``The catalytic power is
ill understood.'' --Ure.
{Catalytic force}, that form of chemical energy formerly
supposed to determine catalysis.
Catalytic \Cat`a*lyt"ic\, n. (Chem.)
An agent employed in catalysis, as platinum black, aluminium
chloride, etc.
Catamaran \Cat`a*ma*ran"\, n. [The native East Indian name.]
1. A kind of raft or float, consisting of two or more logs or
pieces of wood lashed together, and moved by paddles or
sail; -- used as a surf boat and for other purposes on the
coasts of the East and West Indies and South America.
Modified forms are much used in the lumber regions of
North America, and at life-saving stations.
2. Any vessel with twin hulls, whether propelled by sails or
by steam; esp., one of a class of double-hulled pleasure
boats remarkable for speed.
3. A kind of fire raft or torpedo bat.
The incendiary rafts prepared by Sir Sidney Smith
for destroying the French flotilla at Boulogne,
1804, were called catamarans. --Knight.
4. A quarrelsome woman; a scold. [Colloq.]
Catamenia \Cat`a*me"nia\ (k[a^]t`[.a]*m[=e]"n[i^]*[.a]), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. ta` katamh`nia.] (Med.)
The monthly courses of women; menstrual discharges; menses.
Catamenial \Cat`a*me"ni*al\ (-al), a. [Gr. ? monthly; kata`
down, back, again + ? month.]
Pertaining to the catamenia, or menstrual discharges.
Catamite \Cat"a*mite\, n. [L. Catamitus, an old form of
Ganymedes Ganymede, Gr. ?.]
A boy kept for unnatural purposes.
Catamount \Cat"a*mount\, n. [Cat + mount; cf. Sp. gato mentes
mountain cat.] (Zo["o]l.)
The cougar. Applied also, in some parts of the United States,
to the lynx.
Catanadromous \Cat"a*nad`ro*mous\, a. [Gr. kata` down + 'ana` up
+ dro`mos running, course.] (Zo["o]l.)
Ascending and descending fresh streams from and to the sea,
as the salmon; anadromous. [R.]
Catapasm \Cat"a*pasm\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to besprinkle; kata`
down, wholly + ? to strew, or sprinkle.] (Med.)
A compound medicinal powder, used by the ancients to sprinkle
on ulcers, to absorb perspiration, etc. --Dunglison.
Catapeltic \Cat`a*pel"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a catapult.
Catapetalous \Cat`a*pet"al*ous\, a. [Pref. cata + petalous.]
(Bot.)
Having the petals held together by stamens, which grow to
their bases, as in the mallow.
Cataphonic \Cat`a*phon"ic\, a.
Of or relating to cataphonics; catacoustic.
Cataphonics \Cat`a*phon"ics\, n. [Pref. cata + phonic: cf. F.
cataphonique.] (Physics)
That branch of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds;
catacoustics.
Cataphract \Cat"a*phract\, n. [L. cataphractes, Gr. ?, fr. ?
covered, fr. ? to cover; kata` down, wholly + ? to inclose.]
1. (Mil. Antiq.) Defensive armor used for the whole body and
often for the horse, also, esp. the linked mail or scale
armor of some eastern nations.
2. A horseman covered with a cataphract.
Archers and slingers, cataphracts, and spears.
--Milton.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The armor or plate covering some fishes.
Cataphracted \Cat"a*phract`ed\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Covered with a cataphract, or armor of plates, scales, etc.;
or with that which corresponds to this, as horny or bony
plates, hard, callous skin, etc.
Cataphractic \Cat`a*phrac"tic\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cataphract.
Cataphysical \Cat`a*phys"ic*al\, a. [Pref. cata + physical.]
Unnatural; contrary to nature. [R.]
Some artists . . . have given to Sir Walter Scott a
pile of forehead which is unpleassing and cataphysical.
--De Quincey.
Cataplasm \Cat"a*plasm\, n. [L. cataplasma, Gr. ?, fr. ? to
spread over; kata` down, wholly + ? to form, mold.] (Med.)
A soft and moist substance applied externally to some part of
the body; a poultice. --Dunglison.
Catapuce \Cat"a*puce\, n. [F.] (Bot.)
Spurge. [Obs.]
Catapult \Cat"a*pult\, n. [L. catapulta, Gr. ?, prob. from kata`
down + ? to shake, hurl.]
1. (Mil. Antiq.) An engine somewhat resembling a massive
crossbow, used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for
throwing stones, arrows, spears, etc.
2. A forked stick with elastic band for throwing small
stones, etc.
Cataract \Cat"a*ract\, n. [L. cataracta, catarracles, a
waterfall, Gr. ?, ?, fr. ? to break down; in the passive, to
fall or rush down (of tumors) to burst; kata` down + ? to
break.]
1. A great fall of water over a precipice; a large waterfall.
2. (Surg.) An opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its
capsule, which prevents the passage of the rays of light
and impairs or destroys the sight.
3. (Mach.) A kind of hydraulic brake for regulating the
action of pumping engines and other machines; -- sometimes
called {dashpot}.
Cataractous \Cat`a*rac"tous\, a.
Of the nature of a cataract in the eye; affected with
cataract.
Catarrh \Ca*tarrh"\, n. [L. catarrhus, Gr. ?, ?, a running down,
rheum, fr. ?; kata` down + ? to flow. See {Stream}.] (Med.)
An inflammatory affection of any mucous membrane, in which
there are congestion, swelling, and an altertion in the
quantity and quality of mucus secreted; as, catarrh of the
stomach; catarrh of the bladder.
Note: In America, the term catarrh is applied especially to a
chronic inflammation of, and hypersecretion fron, the
membranes of the nose or air passages; in England, to
an acute influenza, resulting a cold, and attended with
cough, thirst, lassitude, and watery eyes; also, to the
cold itself.
Catarrhal \Ca*tarrh"al\, a.
Pertaining to, produced by, or attending, catarrh; of the
nature of catarrh.
Catarrhine \Cat"ar*rhine\, n. [Gr. kata`rris with hanging or
curved nose; kata` down + "ri`s, "rino`s nose.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Catarrhina, a division of Quadrumana, including
the Old World monkeys and apes which have the nostrils close
together and turned downward. See {Monkey}.
Catarrhous \Ca*tarrh"ous\, a.
Catarrhal. [R.]
Catastaltic \Cat`a*stal"tic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to check; kata`
down, wholy + ? to set.] (Med.)
Checking evacuations through astringent or styptic qualities.
Catastasis \Ca*tas"ta*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to set;
kata` down + ? to place.]
1. (Rhet.) That part of a speech, usually the exordium, in
which the orator sets forth the subject matter to be
discussed.
2. (Med.) The state, or condition of anything; constitution;
habit of body.
Catasterism \Ca*tas"ter*ism\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to place among
the stars.]
A placing among the stars; a catalogue of stars.
The catasterisms of Eratosthenes. --Whewell.
Catastrophe \Ca*tas"tro*phe\, n. [L. catastropha, Gr. ?, fr. ?
to turn up and down, to overturn; kata` down + ? to turn.]
1. An event producing a subversion of the order or system of
things; a final event, usually of a calamitous or
disastrous nature; hence, sudden calamity; great
misfortune.
The strange catastrophe of affairs now at London.
--Bp. Burnet.
The most horrible and portentous catastrophe that
nature ever yet saw. --Woodward.
2. The final event in a romance or a dramatic piece; a
denouement, as a death in a tragedy, or a marriage in a
comedy.
3. (Geol.) A violent and widely extended change in the
surface of the earth, as, an elevation or subsidence of
some part of it, effected by internal causes. --Whewell.
Catastrophic \Cat`a*stroph"ic\, a.
Of a pertaining to a catastrophe. --B. Powell.
Catastrophism \Ca*tas"tro*phism\, n. (Geol.)
The doctrine that the geological changes in the earth's crust
have been caused by the sudden action of violent physical
causes; -- opposed to the doctrine of {uniformism}.
Catastrophist \Ca*tas"tro*phist\, n. (Geol.)
One who holds the theory or catastrophism.
Catawba \Ca*taw"ba\, n.
1. A well known light red variety of American grape.
2. A light-colored, sprightly American wine from the Catawba
grape.
Catawbas \Ca*taw"bas\, n. pl.; sing. {Catawba}. (Ethnol.)
An Appalachian tribe of Indians which originally inhabited
the regions near the Catawba river and the head waters of the
Santee.
Catbird \Cat"bird\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An American bird ({Galeoscoptes Carolinensis}), allied to the
mocking bird, and like it capable of imitating the notes of
other birds, but less perfectly. Its note resembles at times
the mewing of a cat.
Catboat \Cat"boat`\, n. (Naut.)
A small sailboat, with a single mast placed as far forward as
possible, carring a sail extended by a gaff and long boom.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Catcall \Cat"call`\, n.
A sound like the cry of a cat, such as is made in playhouses
to express dissatisfaction with a play; also, a small shrill
instrument for making such a noise.
Upon the rising of the curtain. I was very much
surprised with the great consort of catcalls which was
exhibited. --Addison.
Catch \Catch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Caught}or {Catched}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Catching}. Catched is rarely used.] [OE. cacchen,
OF. cachier, dialectic form of chacier to hunt, F. chasser,
fr. (assumend) LL. captiare, for L. capture, V. intens. of
capere to take, catch. See {Capacious}, and cf. {Chase},
{Case} a box.]
1. To lay hold on; to seize, especially with the hand; to
grasp (anything) in motion, with the effect of holding;
as, to catch a ball.
2. To seize after pursuing; to arrest; as, to catch a thief.
``They pursued . . . and caught him.'' --Judg. i. 6.
3. To take captive, as in a snare or net, or on a hook; as,
to catch a bird or fish.
4. Hence: To insnare; to entangle. ``To catch him in his
words''. --Mark xii. 13.
5. To seize with the senses or the mind; to apprehend; as, to
catch a melody. ``Fiery thoughts . . . whereof I catch the
issue.'' --Tennyson.
6. To communicate to; to fasten upon; as, the fire caught the
adjoining building.
7. To engage and attach; to please; to charm.
The soothing arts that catch the fair. --Dryden.
8. To get possession of; to attain.
Torment myself to catch the English throne. --Shak.
9. To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy, contagion,
infection, or exposure; as, to catch the spirit of an
occasion; to catch the measles or smallpox; to catch cold;
the house caught fire.
10. To come upon unexpectedly or by surprise; to find; as, to
catch one in the act of stealing.
11. To reach in time; to come up with; as, to catch a train.
{To catch fire}, to become inflamed or ignited.
{to catch it} to get a scolding or beating; to suffer
punishment. [Colloq.]
{To catch one's eye}, to interrupt captiously while speaking.
[Colloq.] ``You catch me up so very short.'' --Dickens.
{To catch up}, to snatch; to take up suddenly.
Catch \Catch\, v. i.
1. To attain possession. [Obs.]
Have is have, however men do catch. --Shak.
2. To be held or impeded by entanglement or a light
obstruction; as, a kite catches in a tree; a door catches
so as not to open.
3. To take hold; as, the bolt does not catch.
4. To spread by, or as by, infecting; to communicate.
Does the sedition catch from man to man? --Addison.
{To catch at}, to attempt to seize; to be eager to get or
use. ``[To] catch at all opportunities of subverting the
state.'' --Addison.
{To catch up with}, to come up with; to overtake.
Catch \Catch\, n.
1. Act of seizing; a grasp. --Sir P. Sidney.
2. That by which anything is caught or temporarily fastened;
as, the catch of a gate.
3. The posture of seizing; a state of preparation to lay hold
of, or of watching he opportunity to seize; as, to lie on
the catch. [Archaic] --Addison.
The common and the canon law . . . lie at catch, and
wait advantages one againt another. --T. Fuller.
4. That which is caught or taken; profit; gain; especially,
the whole quantity caught or taken at one time; as, a good
catch of fish.
Hector shall have a great catch if he knock out
either of your brains. --Shak.
5. Something desirable to be caught, esp. a husband or wife
in matrimony. [Colloq.] --Marryat.
6. pl. Passing opportunities seized; snatches.
It has been writ by catches with many intervals.
--Locke.
7. A slight remembrance; a trace.
We retain a catch of those pretty stories.
--Glanvill.
8. (Mus.) A humorous canon or round, so contrived that the
singers catch up each other's words.
Catchable \Catch"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being caught. [R.]
Catch-basin \Catch"-ba`sin\, n.
A cistern or vault at the point where a street gutter
discharges into a sewer, to catch bulky matters which would
not pass readily through the sewer. --Knight.
Catchdrain \Catch"drain`\, n.
A ditch or drain along the side of a hill to catch the
surface water; also, a ditch at the side of a canal to catch
the surplus water.
Catcher \Catch"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, catches.
2. (Baseball) The player who stands behind the batsman to
catch the ball.
Catchfly \Catch"fly\, n. (Bot.)
A plant with the joints of the stem, and sometimes other
parts, covered with a viscid secretion to which small insects
adhere. The species of {Silene} are examples of the catchfly.
Catching \Catch"ing\ a.
1. Infectious; contagious.
2. Captivating; alluring.
Catching \Catch"ing\, n.
The act of seizing or taking hold of.
{Catching bargain} (Law), a bargain made with an heir
expectant for the purchase of his expectancy at an
inadequate price. --Bouvier.
Catch-meadow \Catch"-mead`ow\, n.
A meadow irrigated by water from a spring or rivulet on the
side of hill.
Catchment \Catch"ment\, n.
A surface of ground on which water may be caught and
collected into a reservoir.
Catchpenny \Catch"pen*ny\, a.
Made or contrived for getting small sums of money from the
ignorant or unwary; as, a catchpenny book; a catchpenny show.
-- n. Some worthless catchpenny thing.
Catchpoll \Catch"poll`\, n. [OF. chacepol, chacipol.]
A bailiff's assistant.
Catchup \Catch"up\, Catsup \Cat"sup\, n. [Probably of East
Indian origin, because it was originally a kind of East
Indian pickles.]
A table sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc.
[Written also {ketchup}.]
Catchwater \Catch"wa`ter\, n.
A ditch or drain for catching water. See {Catchdrain}.
Catchweed \Catch"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
See {Cleavers}.
Catchweight \Catch"weight`\, adv. (Horseracing)
Without any additional weight; without being handicapped; as,
to ride catchweight.
Catchword \Catch"word`\, n.
1. Among theatrical performers, the last word of the
preceding speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak
next; cue.
2. (Print.) The first word of any page of a book after the
first, inserted at the right hand bottom corner of the
preceding page for the assistance of the reader. It is
seldom used in modern printing.
3. A word or phrase caught up and repeated for effect; as,
the catchword of a political party, etc.
Catchwork \Catch"work`\, n.
A work or artificial water-course for throwing water on lands
that lie on the slopes of hills; a catchdrain.
Cate \Cate\, n.
Food. [Obs.] See {Cates}.
Catechetic \Cat`e*chet"ic\, Catechetical \Cat`e*chet"ic*al\, a.
[Gr. ?. See {Catechise}.]
Relating to or consisting in, asking questions and receiving
answers, according to the ancient manner of teaching.
Socrates introduced a catechetical method of arguing.
--Addison.
Catechetically \Cat`e*chet"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a catechetical manner; by question and answer.
Catechetics \Cat`e*chet"ics\, n.
The science or practice of instructing by questions and
answers.
Catechin \Cat"e*chin\, n. (Chem.)
One of the tannic acids, extracted from catechu as a white,
crystalline substance; -- called also {catechuic acid}, and
{catechuin}.
Catechisation \Cat`e*chi*sa"tion\, n. [LL. catechizatio.]
The act of catechising.
Catechise \Cat"e*chise\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Catechised}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Catechising}.] [L. catechizare, Gr. ?, equiv.
to ? to resound, sound a thing into one's ears, impress it
upon one by word of mouth; ? + ? to sound, ? a sound.]
1. To instruct by asking questions, receiving answers, and
offering explanations and corrections, -- esp. in regard
to points of religious faith.
2. To question or interrogate; to examine or try by
questions; -- sometimes with a view to reproof, by
eliciting from a person answers which condemn his own
conduct. --Swift.
Catechiser \Cat"e*chi`ser\ (k[a^]t"[-e]*k[imac]`z[~e]r), n.
One who catechises.
Catechism \Cat"e*chism\ (-k[i^]z'm), n. [L. catechismus, fr. Gr.
See {Catechise}.]
1. A form of instruction by means of questions and answers.
2. A book containing a summary of principles, especially of
religious doctrine, reduced to the form of questions and
answers.
The Jews, even till this day, have their catechisms.
--Hooker.
{The Larger Catechism}, {The Shorter Catechism}. See
{Westminster Assembly}, under {Assembly}.
Catechismal \Cat`e*chis"mal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a catechism, having the form of questions
and answers; catechetical.
Catechist \Cat"e*chist\ (k[a^]t"[-e]*k[i^]st), n. [L.
catechista, fr. Gr.]
One who instructs by question and answer, especially in
religions matters.
Catechistic \Cat`e*chis"tic\ (-k[i^]s"t[i^]k), Catechistical
\Cat`e*chis"tic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a catechist or to a catechism. --Dr. H.
More.
Catechize \Cat"e*chize\, v. t.
See {Catechise}.
Catechu \Cat"e*chu\, n. [See {Cashoo}.] (Chem.)
A dry, brown, astringent extract, obtained by decoction and
evaporation from the {Acacia catechu}, and several other
plants growing in India. It contains a large portion of
tannin or tannic acid, and is used in medicine and in the
arts. It is also known by the names {terra japonica},
{cutch}, {gambier}, etc. --Ure. --Dunglison.
Catechuic \Cat`e*chu"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to catechu or its derivatives. See
{catechin}.
Catechumen \Cat"e*chu`men\, n. [L. catechunenus, Gr. ?
instructed, from ?. See {Catechise}.] (Eccl.)
One who is receiving rudimentary instruction in the doctrines
of Christianity; a neophyte; in the primitive church, one
officially recognized as a Christian, and admitted to
instruction preliminary to admission to full membership in
the church.
Catechumenate \Cat`e*chu"men*ate\, n.
The state or condition of a catechumen or the time during
which one is a catechumen.
Catechumenical \Cat`e*chu*men"i*cal\, a.
Of or pertaining to catechumens; as, catechumenical
instructions.
Catechumenist \Cat`e*chu"men*ist\, n.
A catechumen. --Bp. Morton.
Categorematic \Cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic\, a. [Gr. ? predicate. See
{Category}.] (Logic.)
Capable of being employed by itself as a term; -- said of a
word.
Categorical \Cat`e*gor"ic*al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a category.
2. Not hypothetical or relative; admitting no conditions or
exceptions; declarative; absolute; positive; express; as,
a categorical proposition, or answer.
The scriptures by a multitude of categorical and
intelligible decisions . . . distinguish between the
things seen and temporal and those that are unseen
and eternal. --I. Taylor.
Categorically \Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ly\, adv.
Absolutely; directly; expressly; positively; as, to affirm
categorically.
Categoricalness \Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being categorical, positive, or absolute. --A.
Marvell.
Categorist \Cat"e*go*rist\, n.
One who inserts in a category or list; one who classifies.
--Emerson.
Categorize \Cat"e*go*rize\, v. t.
To insert in a category or list; to class; to catalogue.
Category \Cat"e*go*ry\, n.; pl. {Categories}. [L. categoria, Gr.
?, fr. ? to accuse, affirm, predicate; ? down, against + ? to
harrangue, assert, fr. ? assembly.]
1. (Logic.) One of the highest classes to which the objects
of knowledge or thought can be reduced, and by which they
can be arranged in a system; an ultimate or undecomposable
conception; a predicament.
The categories or predicaments -- the former a Greek
word, the latter its literal translation in the
Latin language -- were intended by Aristotle and his
followers as an enumeration of all things capable of
being named; an enumeration by the summa genera
i.e., the most extensive classes into which things
could be distributed. --J. S. Mill.
2. Class; also, state, condition, or predicament; as, we are
both in the same category.
There is in modern literature a whole class of
writers standing within the same category. --De
Quincey.
Catel \Cat"el\, n. [See {Chattel}.]
Property; -- often used by Chaucer in contrast with rent, or
income.
``For loss of catel may recovered be, But loss of tyme
shendeth us,'' quod he. --Chaucer.
Catelectrode \Cat`e*lec"trode\, n. [Pref. cata + elecrode.]
(Physics)
The negative electrode or pole of a voltaic battery.
--Faraday.
Catelectrotonic \Cat`e*lec`tro*ton"ic\, a. (Physics)
Relating to, or characterized by, catelectrotonus.
Catelectrotonus \Cat`e*lec*trot"o*nus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? down
+ ? (see {Electro-}) + ? tone.] (Physics)
The condition of increased irritability of a nerve in the
region of the cathode or negative electrode, on the passage
of a current of electricity through it.
Catena \Ca*te"na\, n.; pl. {Catene}. [L., a chain.]
A chain or series of things connected with each other.
I have . . . in no case sought to construct those
caten[ae] of games, which it seems now the fashion of
commentators to link together. --C. J.
Ellicott.
Catenary \Cat"e*na*ry\, Catenarian \Cat`e*na"ri*an\, a. [L.
catenarius, fr. catena a chain. See {Chain}.]
Relating to a chain; like a chain; as, a {catenary} curve.
Catenary \Cat"e*na*ry\, n.; pl. {Catenaries}. (Geol.)
The curve formed by a rope or chain of uniform density and
perfect flexibility, hanging freely between two points of
suspension, not in the same vertical line.
Catenate \Cat"e*nate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Catenated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Catenating}.] [L. catenatus, p. p. of catenare, fr.
catena chain. See {Chain}.]
To connect, in a series of links or ties; to chain. --E.
Darwin.
Catenation \Cat`e*na"tion\, n. [L. catenatio.]
Connection of links or union of parts, as in a chain; a
regular or connected series. See {Concatenation}. --Sir T.
Browne.
Catenulate \Ca*ten"u*late\, a. [L. catenuia, dim. of catena
chain.]
1. Consisting of little links or chains.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Chainlike; -- said both or color marks and of
indentations when arranged like the links of a chain, as
on shells, etc.
Cater \Ca"ter\, n. [OE. catour purchaser, caterer, OF. acator,
fr. acater, F. acheter, to buy, provide, fr. LL. accaptare;
L. ad + captare to strive, to seize, intens, of capere to
take, seize. Cf. {Acater}, {Capacious}.]
A provider; a purveyor; a caterer. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cater \Ca"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Catered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Catering}.] [From {Cater}, n.]
1. To provide food; to buy, procure, or prepare provisions.
[He] providently caters for the sparrow. --Shak.
2. By extension: To supply what is needed or desired, at
theatrical or musical entertainments; -- followed by for
or to.
Cater \Ca"ter\, n. [F. quatre four.]
The four of cards or dice.
Cater \Ca"ter\, v. t.
To cut diagonally. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
Cateran \Cat"e*ran\, n. [Gael. ceatharnach. Cf. {Kern} Irish
foot soldier.]
A Highland robber: a kind of irregular soldier. [Scot.] --Sir
W. Scott.
Cater-cornered \Ca"ter-cor`nered\, a. [Cf. {Cater} to cut
diagonally.]
Diagonal. [Colloq.]
Cater-cousin \Ca"ter-cous`in\, n.
A remote relation. See {Quater-cousin}. --Shak.
Caterer \Ca"ter*er\, n.
One who caters.
The little fowls in the air have God for Their provider
and caterer. --Shelton.
Cateress \Ca"ter*ess\, n.
A woman who caters. --Milton.
Caterpillar \Cat"er*pil`lar\, n. [OE. catyrpel, corrupted fr.
OF. chatepelouse, or cate pelue, fr. chate, F. chatte,
she-cat, fem. of chat, L. catus + L. pilosus hairy, or F.
pelu hairy, fr. L. pilus hair. See {Cat}, and {Pile} hair.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The larval state of a butterfly or any
lepidopterous insect; sometimes, but less commonly, the
larval state of other insects, as the sawflies, which are
also called false caterpillars. The true caterpillars have
three pairs of true legs, and several pairs of abdominal
fleshy legs (prolegs) armed with hooks. Some are hairy,
others naked. They usually feed on leaves, fruit, and
succulent vegetables, being often very destructive, Many
of them are popularly called worms, as the cutworm,
cankerworm, army worm, cotton worm, silkworm.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus {Scorpiurus}, with pods
resembling caterpillars.
{Caterpillar catcher}, or {Caterpillar eater} (Zo["o]l.), a
bird belonging to the family of Shrikes, which feeds on
caterpillars. The name is also given to several other
birds.
{Caterpillar hunter} (Zo["o]l.), any species of beetles of
the genus {Callosoma} and other allied genera of the
family {Carabid[ae]} which feed habitually upon
caterpillars.
Caterwaul \Cat"er*waul\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Caterwauled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Caterwauling}.] [Cat + waul, wawl, to cry as a
cat.]
To cry as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh, offensive
noise. --Coleridge.
Caterwaul \Cat"er*waul\, n.
A caterwauling.
Caterwauling \Cat"er*waul`ing\, n.
The cry of cats; a harsh, disagreeable noise or cry like the
cry of cats. --Shak.
Catery \Ca"ter*y\, n. [See {Cater}, n.]
The place where provisions are deposited. [Obs.]
Cates \Cates\, n. pl. [Cf. {Acates}, and see {Cater}, n.]
Provisions; food; viands; especially, luxurious food;
delicacies; dainties. --Shak.
Cates for which Apicius could not pay. --Shurchill.
Choicest cates and the fiagon's best spilth. --R.
Browning.
Cat-eyed \Cat"-eyed`\, a.
Having eyes like a cat; hence, able to see in the dark.
Catfall \Cat"fall`\, n. (Naut.)
A rope used in hoisting the anchor to the cathead. --Totten.
Catfish \Cat"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A name given in the United States to various species of
siluroid fishes; as, the yellow cat (Amiurus natalis); the
bind cat ({Gronias nigrilabrus}); the mud cat ({Pilodictic
oilwaris}), the stone cat ({Noturus flavus}); the sea cat
({Arius felis}), etc. This name is also sometimes applied to
the {wolf fish}. See {Bullhrad}.
Catgut \Cat"gut`\, n. [Cat + gut.]
1. A cord of great toughness made from the intestines of
animals, esp. of sheep, used for strings of musical
instruments, etc.
2. A sort of linen or canvas, with wide interstices.
Catharine wheel \Cath"a*rine wheel`\
See {catherine wheel}.
Catharist \Cath"a*rist\, n. [LL. catharista, fr. Gr. ? clean,
pure.]
One aiming at or pretending to a greater purity of like than
others about him; -- applied to persons of various sects. See
{Albigenses}.
Cat-harpin \Cat"-harp`in\, n.
See {Cat-harping}.
Cat-harping \Cat"-harp`ing\ n. (Naut.)
One of the short ropes or iron cramps used to brace in the
shrouds toward the masts so a to give freer sweep to the
yards.
Catharsis \Ca*thar"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See {Cathartic}.]
(Med.)
A natural or artificial purgation of any passage, as of the
mouth, bowels, etc.
Cathartic \Ca*thar"tic\, Catharical \Ca*thar"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?,
fr. ? to cleanse, fr. ? pure; akin to F. chaste.]
1. (Med.) Cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by
stool; purgative.
2. Of or pertaining to the purgative principle of senna, as
cathartic acid.
Cathartic \Ca*thar"tic\, n. [Gr. ?.] (Med.)
A medicine that promotes alvine discharges; a purge; a
purgative of moderate activity.
Note: The cathartics are more energetic and certain in action
that the laxatives, which simply increase the tendency
to alvine evacuation; and less powerful and irritaint
that the drastic purges, which cause profuse, repeated,
and watery evacuations. -- {Ca*thar"tic*al*ly}, adv. --
{Ca*thar"tic*al*ness}, n.
cathartin \ca*thar"tin\, n. (Chem.)
The bitter, purgative principle of senna. It is a glucoside
with the properties of a weak acid; -- called also {cathartic
acid}, and {cathartina}.
Cathay \Ca*thay"\, n.
China; -- an old name for the Celestial Empire, said have
been introduced by Marco Polo and to be a corruption of the
Tartar name for North China (Khitai, the country of the
Khitans.)
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay.
--Tennyson.
Cathead \Cat"head`\, n. (Naut.)
A projecting piece of timber or iron near the bow of vessel,
to which the anchor is hoisted and secured.
Cathedra \Cath"e*dra\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? seat. See {Chair}.]
The official chair or throne of a bishop, or of any person in
high authority.
{Ex cathedra} [L., from the chair], in the exercise of one's
office; with authority.
The Vatican Council declares that the Pope, is
infallible ``when he speaks ex cathedra.'' --Addis &
Arnold's Cath.
Dict.
Cathedral \Ca*the"dral\, n. [LL. cathedralis (sc. ecclesia): cf.
F. cath['e]drale. See {Cathedra}.]
The principal church in a diocese, so called because in it
the bishop has his official chair (Cathedra) or throne.
Cathedral \Ca*the"dral\, a. [LL. cathedralis: cf. F.
cath['e]dral.]
1. Pertaining to the head church of a diocese; as, a
cathedral church; cathedral service.
2. Emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope or
bishop; official; authoritative.
Now, what solemnity can be more required for the
pope to make a cathedral determination of an
article! --Jer. Taylor.
3. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; as, cathedral walks.
--Pope.
Cathedralic \Cath`e*dral"ic\, a.
Cathedral. [R.]
Cathedrated \Cath`e*dra"ted\, a. [From {Cathedra}.]
Relating to the chair or office of a teacher. [Obs.]
Catheretic \Cath`e*ret"ic\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to bring down or
raze; ? down + ? to take.] (Med.)
A mild kind caustic used to reduce warts and other
excrescences. --Dunglison.
Catherine wheel \Cath"er*ine wheel`\ [So called from St.
Catherine of Alexandria, who is represented with a wheel, in
allusion to her martyrdom.]
1. (Geoth.Arth.) Same as {Rose window} and {Wheel window}.
Called also {Catherine-wheel window}.
2. (Pyrotechny) A revolving piece of fireworks resembling in
form the window of the same name. [Written also {Catharine
wheel}.]
Catheter \Cath"e*ter\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a thing let down or put
in, catheter, fr. ? to send down, to let down; ? + ? to
send.] (Med.)
The name of various instruments for passing along mucous
canals, esp. applied to a tubular instrument to be introduced
into the bladder through the urethra to draw off the urine.
{Eustachian catheter}. See under {Eustachian}.
{Prostatic catheter}, one adapted for passing an enlarged
prostate.
Catheterism \Cath"e*ter*ism\, Catheterization
\Cath`e*ter*i*za"tion\, n. (Med.)
The operation of introducing a catheter.
Catheterize \Cath"e*ter*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Catheterized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Catheterizing}.] (Med.)
To operate on with a catheter. --Dunglison.
Cathetometer \Cath`e*tom"e*ter\, n. [From Gr. ? vertical height
+ -meter.]
An instrument for the accurate measurement of small
differences of height; esp. of the differences in the height
of the upper surfaces of two columns of mercury or other
fluid, or of the same column at different times. It consists
of a telescopic leveling apparatus (d), which slides up or
down a perpendicular metallic standard very finely graduated
(bb). The telescope is raised or depressed in order to sight
the objects or surfaces, and the differences in vertical
height are thus shown on the graduated standard. [Written
also {kathetometer}.]
Cathetus \Cath"e*tus\, n.; pl. {catheti}. [L., fr. Gr. ? a
perpendicular line, fr. ? let down, fr. ?. See {Catheter}.]
(Geom.)
One line or radius falling perpendicularly on another; as,
the catheti of a right-angled triangle, that is, the two
sides that include the right angle. --Barlow.
Cathode \Cath"ode\, n. [Gr. ? descent; ? down + ? way.]
(Physics)
The part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current
leaves substances through which it passes, or the surface at
which the electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the
negative pole; -- opposed to anode. --Faraday.
{Cathode ray} (Phys.), a kind of ray generated at the cathode
in a vacuum tube, by the electrical discharge
.
Cathodic \Ca*thod"ic\ (k[.a]*th[o^]d"[i^]k), a. (Physiol.)
A term applied to the centrifugal, or efferent, course of the
nervous influence. --Marshall Hall.
Cat-hole \Cat"-hole`\ (k[a^]t"h[=o]l`), n. (Naut.)
One of two small holes astern, above the gunroom ports,
through which hawsers may be passed.
Catholic \Cath"o*lic\ (k[a^]th"[-o]*[i^]k), a. [L. catholicus,
Gr. kaqoliko`s, universal, general; kata` down, wholly +
"o`los whole, probably akin to E. solid: cf. F. catholique.]
1. Universal or general; as, the catholic faith.
Men of other countries [came] to bear their part in
so great and catholic a war. --Southey.
Note: This epithet, which is applicable to the whole
Christian church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman
Catholics to belong especially to their church, and in
popular usage is so limited.
2. Not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; as,
catholic tastes.
3. Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman Catholics; as,
the Catholic emancipation act.
{Catholic epistles}, the epistles of the apostles which are
addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular
church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and John.
Catholic \Cath"o*lic\, n.
1. A person who accepts the creeds which are received in
common by all parts of the orthodox Christian church.
2. An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a Roman
Catholic.
{Old Catholic}, the name assumed in 1870 by members of the
Roman Catholic church, who denied the ecumenical character
of the Vatican Council, and rejected its decrees, esp.
that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as contrary
to the ancient Catholic faith.
Catholical \Ca*thol"i*cal\, a.
Catholic. [Obs.]
Catholicism \Ca*thol"i*cism\, n. [Cf. F. catholicisme.]
1. The state or quality of being catholic or universal;
catholicity. --Jer. Taylor.
2. Liberality of sentiment; breadth of view.
3. The faith of the whole orthodox Christian church, or
adherence thereto.
4. The doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic church, or
adherence thereto.
Catholicity \Cath`o*lic"i*ty\, n.
1. The state or quality of being catholic; universality.
2. Liberality of sentiments; catholicism.
3. Adherence or conformity to the system of doctrine held by
all parts of the orthodox Christian church; the doctrine
so held; orthodoxy.
4. Adherence to the doctrines of the church of Rome, or the
doctrines themselves.
Catholicize \Ca*thol"i*cize\, v. t. & i.
To make or to become catholic or Roman Catholic.
Catholicly \Cath"o*lic*ly\, adv.
In a catholic manner; generally; universally. --Sir L. Cary.
Catholicness \Cath"o*lic*ness\, n.
The quality of being catholic; universality; catholicity.
Catholicon \Ca*thol"i*con\, n. [Gr. ?, neut. ?, universal. See
{Catholic}.] (Med.)
A remedy for all diseases; a panacea.
Catholicos \Ca*thol"i*cos\, n. [NL. See {Catholic}.] (Eccl.)
The spiritual head of the Armenian church, who resides at
Etchmiadzin, Russia, and has ecclesiastical jurisdiction
over, and consecrates the holy oil for, the Armenians of
Russia, Turkey, and Persia, including the Patriarchs of
Constantinople, Jerusalem, and Sis.
Note: The Patriarch of Constantinople is the civil head of
the Armenians in Turkey.
Catilinarian \Cat`i*li*na"ri*an\, a. [L. Catilinarius.]
Pertaining to Catiline, the Roman conspirator; resembling
Catiline's conspiracy.
Cation \Cat"i*on\, n. [Gr. ? downward + ? going, p. pr. of ? to
go.] (Chem.)
An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition
is evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to {anion}. --Faraday.
Catkin \Cat"kin\, n. [Cat + -kin.] (Bot.)
An ament; a species of inflorescence, consisting of a slender
axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides,
as in the willow and poplar, and (as to the staminate
flowers) in the chestnut, oak, hickory, etc. -- so called
from its resemblance to a cat's tail. See Illust. of {Ament}.
Catlike \Cat"like`\, a.
Like a cat; stealthily; noiselessly.
Catling \Cat"ling\, n. [Cat + -ing.]
1. A little cat; a kitten. ``Cat nor catling.'' --Drummond.
2. Catgut; a catgut string. [R.] --Shak.
3. (Surg.) A double-edged, sharp-pointed dismembering knife.
[Spelt also {catlin}.] --Crobb.
Catlinite \Cat"lin*ite\, n. [From George Catlin, an American
traveler.]
A red clay from the Upper Missouri region, used by the
Indians for their pipes.
Catnip \Cat"nip`\, Catmint \Cat"mint`\, n. (Bot.)
A well-know plant of the genus {Nepeta} ({N. Cataria}),
somewhat like mint, having a string scent, and sometimes used
in medicine. It is so called because cats have a peculiar
fondness for it.
Cato-cathartic \Cat`o-ca*thar"tic\, n. [Gr. ? down + ? serving
to purge. See {Cathartic}.] (Med.)
A remedy that purges by alvine discharges.
Catonian \Ca*to"ni*an\, a. [L. Catonionus.]
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the stern old Roman, Cato
the Censor; severe; inflexible.
Cat o' nine tails \Cat" o' nine" tails`\
See under {Cat}.
Catopter \Ca*top"ter\, Catoptron \Ca*top"tron\, n. [Gr. ?
mirror, fr. ? visible.]
A reflecting optical glass or instrument; a mirror. [Obs.]
Catoptric \Ca*top"tric\, Catoptrical \Ca*top"tric*al\, a. [Gr.
?. See {Catopter}.]
Of or pertaining to catoptrics; produced by reflection.
{Catoptric light}, a light in which the rays are concentrated
by reflectors into a beam visible at a distance.
Catoptrics \Ca*top"trics\, n. [Cf. F. catoptrique. See
{Catropric}.] (Physics)
That part of optics which explains the properties and
phenomena of reflected light, and particularly that which is
reflected from mirrors or polished bodies; -- formerly called
{anacamptics}.
Catoptromancy \Ca*top"tro*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ? mirror + -mancy.
See {Catopter}.] (Antiq.)
A species of divination, which was performed by letting down
a mirror into water, for a sick person to look at his face in
it. If his countenance appeared distorted and ghastly, it was
an ill omen; if fresh and healthy, it was favorable.
Catopron \Ca*top"ron\, n. [Obs.]
See {Catopter}.
Catpipe \Cat`pipe"\, n.
See {Catcall}.
Cat-rigged \Cat"-rigged`\, a.
Rigged like a catboat.
Cat-salt \Cat"-salt`\, n.
A sort of salt, finely granulated, formed out of the bittern
or leach brine.
Cat's-eye \Cat's"-eye`\, n. (Min.)
A variety of quartz or chalcedony, exhibiting opalescent
reflections from within, like the eye of a cat. The name is
given to other gems affording like effects, esp. the
chrysoberyl.
Cat's-foot \Cat's`-foot\, n. (Bot.)
A plant ({Nepeta Glechoma}) of the same genus with catnip;
ground ivy.
Cat-silver \Cat"-sil`ver\, n.
Mica. [Archaic]
Catskill period \Cats"kill pe`ri*od\ (Geol.)
The closing subdivision of the Devonian age in America. The
rocks of this period are well developed in the Catskill
mountains, and extend south and west under the Carboniferous
formation. See the Diagram under {Geology}.
Catso \Cat"so\, n.; pl. {Catsos}. [It. cazzo.]
A base fellow; a rogue; a cheat. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Cat's-paw \Cat's"-paw`\, n.
1. (Naut.)
(a) A light transitory air which ruffles the surface of
the water during a calm, or the ripples made by such a
puff of air.
(b) A particular hitch or turn in the bight of a rope,
into which a tackle may be hooked.
2. A dupe; a tool; one who, or that which, is used by another
as an instrument to a accomplish his purposes.
Note: In this sense the term refers to the fable of the
monkey using the cat's paw to draw the roasting
chestnuts out of the fire.
Cat's-tail \Cat's"-tail\, n.
See {Timothy}, {Cat-tail}, {Cirrus}.
Catstick \Cat"stick`\, n.
A stick or club employed in the game of ball called cat or
tipcat. --Massinger.
Catstitch \Cat"stitch\, v. t. (Needlework)
To fold and sew down the edge of with a coarse zigzag stitch.
Catsup \Cat"sup\, n.
Same as {Catchup}, and {Ketchup}.
Cat-tail \Cat"-tail\, n. (Bot.)
A tall rush or flag ({Typha latifolia}) growing in marshes,
with long, flat leaves, and having its flowers in a close
cylindrical spike at the top of the stem. The leaves are
frequently used for seating chairs, making mats, etc. See
{Catkin}.
Note: The {lesser cat-tail} is {Typha angustifolia}.
Cattish \Cat"tish\ (k[a^]t"t[i^]sh), a.
Catlike; feline --Drummond.
Cattle \Cat"tle\ (k[a^]t"t'l), n. pl. [OE. calet, chatel, goods,
property, OF. catel, chatel, LL. captale, capitale, goods,
property, esp. cattle, fr. L. capitals relating to the head,
chief; because in early ages beasts constituted the chief
part of a man's property. See {Capital}, and cf. {Chattel}.]
Quadrupeds of the Bovine family; sometimes, also, including
all domestic quadrupeds, as sheep, goats, horses, mules,
asses, and swine.
{Belted cattle}, {Black cattle}. See under {Belted}, {Black}.
{Cattle guard}, a trench under a railroad track and alongside
a crossing (as of a public highway). It is intended to
prevent cattle from getting upon the track.
{cattle louse} (Zo["o]l.), any species of louse infecting
cattle. There are several species. The {H[ae]matatopinus
eurysternus} and {H. vituli} are common species which suck
blood; {Trichodectes scalaris} eats the hair.
{Cattle plague}, the rinderpest; called also {Russian cattle
plague}.
{Cattle range}, or {Cattle run}, an open space through which
cattle may run or range. [U. S.] --Bartlett.
{Cattle show}, an exhibition of domestic animals with prizes
for the encouragement of stock breeding; -- usually
accompanied with the exhibition of other agricultural and
domestic products and of implements.
Catty \Cat"ty\, n. [Malay kat[=i]. See {Caddy}.]
An East Indian Weight of 11/3 pounds.
Caucasian \Cau*ca"sian\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region
between the Black and Caspian seas.
2. Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind, of whom
the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as the
type.
Caucasian \Cau*ca"sian\, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian
or Georgian.
2. A member of any of the white races of mankind.
Caucus \Cau"cus\, n. [Etymology uncertain. Mr. J. H. Trumbull
finds the origin of caucus in the N. A. Indian word
cawcawwassough or ca['u] cau-as'u one who urges or pushes on,
a promoter. See citation for an early use of the word
caucus.]
A meeting, especially a preliminary meeting, of persons
belonging to a party, to nominate candidates for public
office, or to select delegates to a nominating convention, or
to confer regarding measures of party policy; a political
primary meeting.
This day learned that the caucus club meets, at certain
times, in the garret of Tom Dawes, the adjutant of the
Boston regiment. --John Adams's
Diary [Feb.,
1763].
Caucus \Cau"cus\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Caucused}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Caucusing}.]
To hold, or meet in, a caucus or caucuses.
Caudad \Cau"dad\, adv. [L. cauda tail + ad to.] (Zo["o]l.)
Backwards; toward the tail or posterior part.
Cauda galli \Cau"da gal*li\, . [L., tail of a cock.] (Paleon.)
A plume-shaped fossil, supposed to be a seaweed,
characteristic of the lower Devonian rocks; as, the cauda
galli grit.
{Cauda galli epoch} (Geol.), an epoch at the begining of the
Devonian age in eastern America, so named from the
characteristic gritty sandstone marked with impressions of
{cauda galli}. See the Diagram under {Geology}.
Caudal \Cau"dal\, a. [L. Cauda tail. Cf. {Coward}.]
Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a tail; having a
tail-like appendage.
The male widow-bird, remarkable for his caudal plumes.
--Darwin.
{Caudal fin} (Zo["o]l.), the terminal fin (or ``tail'') of a
fish.
Caudata \Cau*da"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. cauda tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Urodela}.
Caudate \Cau"date\, Caudated \Cau"da*ted\ a. [L. cauda tail.]
Having a tail; having a termination like a tail.
Caudex \Cau"dex\, n.; pl. L. {Caudices}, E. {Caudexes}. [L.]
(Bot.)
The stem of a tree., esp. a stem without a branch, as of a
palm or a tree fern; also, the perennial rootstock of an
herbaceous plant.
Caudicle \Cau"di*cle\, Caudicula \Cau*dic"u*la\, n. [Dim. of L.
cauda tail, appendage.] (Bot.)
A slender, elastic process, to which the masses of pollen in
orchidaceous plants are attached.
Caudle \Cau"dle\, n. [OF. caudel, F. chaudeau, dim. of LL
calidum a sweet drink, fr. L. caidus warm. See {Caldron}.]
A kind of warm drink for sick persons, being a mixture of
wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and spices.
Caudle \Cau"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Caudled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Caudling}.]
1. To make into caudle.
2. Too serve as a caudle to; to refresh. [R.] --Shak.
Cauf \Cauf\, n. [Perh. akin to Celtic caff, cav, cau, L. cavus
hollow, or to L. caphinus, Gr. ? basket.]
A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water.
--Philips.
Caufle \Cau"fle\, n.
A gang of slaves. Same as {Coffle}.
Caught \Caught\ (k[add]t),
imp. & p. p. of {Catch}.
Cauk \Cauk\ (k[add]k), n., Cauker \Cauk"er\ (-[~e]r), n.
See {Cawk}, {Calker}.
Caul \Caul\ (k[add]l), n. [OE. calle, kelle, prob. fr. F. cale;
cf. Ir. calla a veil.]
1. A covering of network for the head, worn by women; also, a
net. --Spenser.
2. (Anat.) The fold of membrane loaded with fat, which covers
more or less of the intestines in mammals; the great
omentum. See {Omentum}.
The caul serves for the warming of the lower belly.
--Ray.
3. A part of the amnion, one of the membranes enveloping the
fetus, which sometimes is round the head of a child at its
birth.
It is deemed lucky to be with a caul or membrane
over the face. This caul is esteemed an infallible
preservative against drowning . . . According to
Chysostom, the midwives frequently sold it for magic
uses. --Grose.
I was born with a caul, which was advertised for
sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen
guineas. --Dickens.
Caulescent \Cau*les"cent\, a. [L. caulis stalk, stem: cf. F.
caulescent.] (Bot.)
Having a leafy stem.
Caulicle \Cau"li*cle\, n. (Bot.)
A short caulis or stem, esp. the rudimentary stem seen in the
embryo of seed; -- otherwise called a radicle.
Cauliculus \Cau*lic"u*lus\ (k[add]*l[i^]k"[-u]*l[u^]s), n.; pl.
{Cauliculi} (-l[imac]). [L. cauliculus little stalk, dim. of
caulis.] (Arch.)
In the Corinthian capital, one of the eight stalks rising out
of the lower leafage and terminating in leaves which seem to
support the volutes. See {Illust}. of {Corinthian order},
under {Corinthian}.
Cauliflower \Cau"li*flow`er\, n. [F. choufleur, modified by E.
Cole. L. caulis, and by E. flower; F. chou cabbage is fr. L.
caulis stalk, cabbage, and fleur flower is fr. L. flos
flower. See {Cole}, and {Flower}.]
1. (Bot.) An annual variety of {Brassica oleracea}, or
cabbage, of which the cluster of young flower stalks and
buds is eaten as a vegetable.
2. The edible head or ``curd'' of a cauliflower plant.
Cauliform \Cau"li*form\, a. [L. caulis + -form.] (Bot.)
Having the form of a caulis.
Cauline \Cau"line\, a. (Bot.)
Growing immediately on a caulis; of or pertaining to a
caulis.
Caulis \Cau"lis\, n.; L. pl. {Caules}. [L., a stem.] (Bot.)
An herbaceous or woody stem which bears leaves, and may bear
flowers.
Caulk \Caulk\, v. t. & n.
See {Calk}.
Caulocarpous \Cau`lo*car"pous\, a. [Gr. ? stem + karpo`s fruit.]
(Bot.)
Having stems which bear flowers and fruit year after year, as
most trees and shrubs.
Cauma \Cau"ma\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a burning heat.] (Med.)
Great heat, as of the body in fever.
Cauponize \Cau"po*nize\, v. i. [L. cauponari, fr. caupo
huckster, innkeeper.]
To sell wine or victuals. [Obs.] --Warburfon.
Causable \Caus"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being caused.
Causal \Caus"al\, a. [L. causalis. See {Cause}.]
Relating to a cause or causes; inplying or containing a cause
or causes; expressing a cause; causative.
Causal propositions are where two propositions are
joined by causal words. --Watts.
Causal \Caus"al\, n.
A causal word or form of speech.
Anglo-Saxon drencan to drench, causal of Anglo-Saxon
drincan to drink. --Skeat.
Causality \Cau*sal"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Causalities}.
1. The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in
producing its effect.
The causality of the divine mind. --Whewell.
2. (Phren.) The faculty of tracing effects to their causes.
--G. Combe.
Causally \Caus"al*ly\, adv.
According to the order or series of causes; by tracing
effects to causes.
Causally \Caus"al*ly\, n. (Mining.)
The lighter, earthy parts of ore, carried off washing.
Causation \Cau*sa"tion\, n.
The act of causing; also the act or agency by which an effect
is produced.
The kind of causation by which vision is produced.
--Whewell.
{Law of universal causation}, the theoretical or asserted law
that every event or phenomenon results from, or is the
sequel of, some previous event or phenomenon, which being
present, the other is certain to take place.
Causationist \Cau*sa"tion*ist\, n.
One who believes in the law of universal causation.
Causative \Caus"a*tive\, a. [L. causativus pertaining to a
lawsuit (causa), but in the English sense from E. cause.]
1. Effective, as a cause or agent; causing.
Causative in nature of a number of effects. --Bacon.
2. Expressing a cause or reason; causal; as, the ablative is
a causative case.
Causative \Caus"a*tive\ (k[add]"z[.a]*t[i^]v), n.
A word which expresses or suggests a cause.
Causatively \Caus"a*tive*ly\, adv.
In a causative manner.
Causator \Cau*sa"tor\ (k[add]*z[=a]"t[o^]r), n. [See {Cause}.]
One who causes. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Cause \Cause\ (k[add]z), n. [F. cause, fr. L. causa. Cf.
{Cause}, v., {Kickshaw}.]
1. That which produces or effects a result; that from which
anything proceeds, and without which it would not exist.
Cause is substance exerting its power into act, to
make one thing begin to be. --Locke.
2. That which is the occasion of an action or state; ground;
reason; motive; as, cause for rejoicing.
3. Sake; interest; advantage. [Obs.]
I did it not for his cause. --2 Cor. vii.
12.
4. (Law) A suit or action in court; any legal process by
which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or what he
regards as his right; case; ground of action.
5. Any subject of discussion or debate; matter; question;
affair in general.
What counsel give you in this weighty cause! --Shak.
6. The side of a question, which is espoused, advocated, and
upheld by a person or party; a principle which is
advocated; that which a person or party seeks to attain.
God befriend us, as our cause is just. --Shak.
The part they take against me is from zeal to the
cause. --Burke.
{Efficient cause}, the agent or force that produces a change
or result.
{Final cause}, the end, design, or object, for which anything
is done.
{Formal cause}, the elements of a conception which make the
conception or the thing conceived to be what it is; or the
idea viewed as a formative principle and co["o]perating
with the matter.
{Material cause}, that of which anything is made.
{Proximate cause}. See under {Proximate}.
{To make common cause with}, to join with in purposes and
aims. --Macaulay.
Syn: Origin; source; mainspring; motive; reason; incitement;
inducement; purpose; object; suit; action.
Cause \Cause\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Caused}; p. pr. & v. n.
{Causing}.] [F. causer, fr. cause, fr. L. causa. See {Cause},
n., and cf. {Acouse}.]
To effect as an agent; to produce; to be the occasion of; to
bring about; to bring into existence; to make; -- usually
followed by an infinitive, sometimes by that with a finite
verb.
I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days.
--Gen. vii. 4.
Cause that it be read also in the church of the
Laodiceans. --Col. iv. 16.
Syn: To create; produce; beget; effect; occasion; originate;
induce; bring about.
Cause \Cause\, v. i.
To assign or show cause; to give a reason; to make excuse.
[Obs.] --Spenser.
Cause \Cause\, conj.
Abbreviation of {Because}. --B. Jonson.
Causeful \Cause"ful\, n.
Having a cause. [Obs.]
Causeless \Cause"less\, a.
1. Self-originating; uncreated.
2. Without just or sufficient reason; groundless.
My fears are causeless and ungrounded. --Denham.
Causeless \Cause"less\, adv.
Without cause or reason.
Causelessness \Cause"less*ness\, n.
The state of being causeless.
Causer \Caus"er\, n.
One who or that which causes.
Causeuse \Cau`seuse"\ (k[-o]`z[~e]z"), n. [F., fr. causer to
talk.]
A kind of sofa for two persons. A {t[^e]te-[`a]-t[^e]te}.
Causeway \Cause"way\ (k[add]z"w[asl]), Causey \Cau"sey\
((k[add]"z[y^]), n. [OE. cauci, cauchie, OF. cauchie, F.
chauss['e]e, from LL. (via) calciata, fr calciare to make a
road, either fr. L. calx lime, hence, to pave with limestone
(cf. E. chalk), or from L. calceus shoe, from calx heel,
hence, to shoe, pave, or wear by treading.]
A way or road raised above the natural level of the ground,
serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy ground.
But that broad causeway will direct your way. --Dryden.
The other way Satan went down The causey to Hell-gate.
--Milton.
Causewayed \Cause"wayed\, Causeyed \Cau"seyed\ a.
Having a raised way (causeway or causey); paved. --Sir W.
Scott. C. Bront['e].
Causidical \Cau*sid"i*cal\, a. [L. causidicakis; causa a cause
in law + dicare to say.]
Pertaining to an advocate, or to the maintenance and defense
of suits.
Caustic \Caus"tic\, Caustical \Caus"tic*al\, a. [L. caustucs,
Ge. ?, fr. ? to burn. Cf. {Calm}, {Ink}.]
1. Capable of destroying the texture of anything or eating
away its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive;
searing.
2. Severe; satirical; sharp; as, a caustic remark.
{Caustic curve} (Optics), a curve to which the ray of light,
reflected or refracted by another curve, are tangents, the
reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous point
being in one plane.
{Caustic lime}. See under {Lime}.
{Caustic potash}, {Caustic soda} (Chem.), the solid
hydroxides potash, {KOH}, and soda, {NaOH}, or solutions
of the same.
{Caustic silver}, nitrate of silver, lunar caustic.
{Caustic surface} (Optics), a surface to which rays reflected
or refracted by another surface are tangents. Caustic
curves and surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by
reflection, and diacaustic when formed by refraction.
Syn: Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.
Caustic \Cau"stic\, n. [L. causticum (sc. medicamentum). See
{Caustic}, a.]
1. Any substance or means which, applied to animal or other
organic tissue, burns, corrodes, or destroys it by
chemical action; an escharotic.
2. (Optics) A caustic curve or caustic surface.
Caustically \Caus"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In a caustic manner.
Causticily \Caus*tic"i*ly\, n.
1. The quality of being caustic; corrosiveness; as, the
causticity of potash.
2. Severity of language; sarcasm; as, the causticity of a
reply or remark.
Causticness \Caus"tic*ness\, n.
The quality of being caustic; causticity.
Cautel \Cau"tel\, n. [F. caut[`e]le, L. cautela, fr. cavere to
be on one's guard, to take care.]
1. Caution; prudence; wariness. [Obs.] --Fulke.
2. Craft; deceit; falseness. [Obs.] --Shak.
Cautelous \Cau"te*lous\, a. [F. cauteleux, LL. cautelosus. See
{Cautel}.]
1. Caution; prudent; wary. [Obs.] ``Cautelous, though
young.'' --Drayton.
2. Crafty; deceitful; false. [Obs.] --Shak. --
{Cau"te*lous*ly}, adv. -- {Cau"te*lous*ness}, n. [Obs.]
Cauter \Cau"ter\, n. [F. caut[`e]re, L. cauterium, fr. Gr. ? a
branding iron, fr. ? to burn. Cf. {Caustic}, {Cautery}.]
A hot iron for searing or cauterizing. --Minsheu.
Cauterant \Cau"ter*ant\, n.
A cauterizing substance.
Cauterism \Cau"ter*ism\, n.
The use or application of a caustic; cautery. --Ferrand.
Cauterization \Cau`ter*i*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. caut[`e]risation.]
(Med.)
The act of searing some morbid part by the application of a
cautery or caustic; also, the effect of such application.
Cauterize \Cau"ter*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cauterized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cauterizing}.] [L. cauterizare, Gr. ?, fr. a
branding iron: cf. F. caut['e]rised.. See {cauter}.]
1. To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic. --Dunglison.
2. To sear, as the conscience. --Jer. Taylor.
Cautery \Cau"ter*y\, n.; pl. {Cauteries}. [L. cauterium, Gr. ?.
See {Cauter}.]
1. (Med.) A burning or searing, as of morbid flesh, with a
hot iron, or by application of a caustic that will burn,
corrode, or destroy animal tissue.
2. The iron of other agent in cauterizing.
{Actual cautery}, a substance or agent (as a hot iron) which
cauterizes or sears by actual heat; or the burning so
effected.
{Potential cautery}, a substance which cauterizes by chemical
action; as, lunar caustic; also, the cauterizing produced
by such substance.
Caution \Cau"tion\, n. [F. caution a security, L. cautio, fr.
cavere (For scavere) to be on one's guard, to take care
(orig.) to be on the watch, see; akin to E. show.]
1. A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in
order that failure or harm may be avoided; prudence in
regard to danger; provident care; wariness.
2. Security; guaranty; bail. [R.]
The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient
caution that the war should be prosecuted.
--Clarendon.
3. Precept or warning against evil of any kind; exhortation
to wariness; advice; injunction.
In way of caution I must tell you. --Shak.
{Caution money}, money deposited by way of security or
guaranty, as by a student at an English university.
Syn: Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence;
watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; anxiety;
providence; counsel; advice; warning; admonition.
Caution \Cau"tion\ v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cautioned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cautioning}.]
To give notice of danger to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take
heed.
You cautioned me against their charms. --Swift.
Cautionary \Cau"tion*a*ry\, a.
1. Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid danger; as,
cautionary signals.
2. Given as a pledge or as security.
He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the cautionary
towns out of his hands. --Bp. Burnet.
3. Wary; cautious. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Cautioner \Cau"tion*er\, n.
1. One who cautions or advises.
2. (Scots Law) A surety or sponsor.
Cautionry \Cau"tion*ry\, n. (Scots Law)
Suretyship.
Cautious \Cau"tious\, a. [Cf. L. cautus, fr. caver. See
{Caution}.]
Attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of
acts with a view to avoid danger or misfortune; prudent;
circumspect; wary; watchful; as, a cautious general.
Cautious feeling for another's pain. --Byron.
Be swift to hear; but cautious of your tongue. --Watts.
Syn: Wary; watchful; vigilant; prudent; circumspect;
discreet; heedful; thoughtful; scrupulous; anxious;
careful.
Usage: {Cautious}, {Wary}, {Circumspect}. A man is cautious
who realizes the constant possibility of danger; one
may be wary, and yet bold and active; a man who is
circumspect habitually examines things on every side
in order to weigh and deliberate. It is necessary to
be cautious at all times; to be wary in cases of
extraordinary danger; to be circumspect in matters of
peculiar delicacy and difficulty.
Cautiously \Cau"tious*ly\, adv.
In a cautious manner.
Cautiousness \Cau"tious*ness\, n.
The quality of being cautious.
Cavalcade \Cav"al*cade`\, n. [F. cavalcade, fr. It. cavalcata,
fr. cavalcare to go on horseback, fr. LL. caballicare, fr. L.
caballus an inferior horse, Gr. ?. Cf. {Cavalier},
{Cavalry}.]
A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous march
of horsemen by way of parade.
He brought back war-worn cavalcade to the city.
--Prescott.
Cavalero \Cav`a*le"ro\, Cavaliero \Cav`a*lie"ro\
(k[a^]v`[.a]*l[=e]"ro), n. [Sp. caballero. See {Cavalier}.]
A cavalier; a gallant; a libertine. --Shak.
Cavalier \Cav`a*lier"\ (k[a^]v`[.a]*l[=e]r"), n. [F. cavalier,
It. cavaliere, LL. caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See
{Cavalcade}, and cf. {Chevalier}, {Caballine}.]
1. A military man serving on horseback; a knight.
2. A gay, sprightly, military man; hence, a gallant.
3. One of the court party in the time of king Charles I. as
contrasted with a Roundhead or an adherent of Parliament.
--Clarendon.
4. (Fort.) A work of more than ordinary height, rising from
the level ground of a bastion, etc., and overlooking
surrounding parts.
Cavalier \Cav`a*lier"\, a.
Gay; easy; offhand; frank.
The plodding, persevering scupulous accuracy of the
one, and the easy, cavalier, verbal fluency of the
other, form a complete contrast. --Hazlitt.
2. High-spirited. [Obs.] ``The people are naturally not
valiant, and not much cavalier.'' --Suckling.
3. Supercilious; haughty; disdainful; curt; brusque.
4. Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles I. ``An old
Cavalier family.'' --Beaconsfield.
Cavalierish \Cav`a*lier"ish\, a.
Somewhat like a cavalier.
Cavalierism \Cav`a*lier"ism\, n.
The practice or principles of cavaliers. --Sir. W. Scott.
Cavalierly \Cav`a*lier"ly\, adv.
In a supercilious, disdainful, or haughty manner; arrogantly.
--Junius.
Cavalierness \Cav`a*lier"ness\, n.
A disdainful manner.
Cavally \Ca*val"ly\, n. [Cf. Pg. cavalla a kind of fish; Sp.
caballa; prob. fr. Pg. cavallo horse, Sp. caballa.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A carangoid fish of the Atlantic coast ({Caranx hippos}): --
called also {horse crevall['e]}.
Note: [See Illust. under {Carangoid}.]
Cavalry \Cav"al*ry\, n. [F. cavalerie, fr. It. cavalleria. See
{Cavalier}, and cf. {chivalry}.] (Mil.)
That part of military force which serves on horseback.
Note: {Heavy cavalry} and {light cavalry} are so
distinguished by the character of their armament, and
by the size of the men and horses.
Cavalryman \Cav"al*ry*man\, n.; pl. {Cavalrymen}.
One of a body of cavalry.
Cavatina \Ca`va*ti"na\, n. [It.] (Mus.)
Originally, a melody of simpler form than the aria; a song
without a second part and a da capo; -- a term now variously
and vaguely used.
Cave \Cave\ (k[=a]v), n. [F. cave, L. cavus hollow, whence cavea
cavity. Cf. {Cage}.]
1. A hollow place in the earth, either natural or artificial;
a subterraneous cavity; a cavern; a den.
2. Any hollow place, or part; a cavity. [Obs.] ``The cave of
the ear.'' --Bacon.
{Cave bear} (Zo["o]l.), a very large fossil bear ({Ursus
spel[ae]us}) similar to the grizzly bear, but large;
common in European caves.
{Cave dweller}, a savage of prehistoric times whose dwelling
place was a cave. --Tylor.
{Cave hyena} (Zo["o]l.), a fossil hyena found abundanty in
British caves, now usually regarded as a large variety of
the living African spotted hyena.
{Cave lion} (Zo["o]l.), a fossil lion found in the caves of
Europe, believed to be a large variety of the African
lion.
{Bone cave}. See under {Bone}.
Cave \Cave\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Caved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Caving}.] [Cf. F. caver. See {Cave}, n.]
To make hollow; to scoop out. [Obs.]
The mouldred earth cav'd the banke. --Spenser.
Cave \Cave\, v. i.
1. To dwell in a cave. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. [See To cave in, below.] To fall in or down; as, the sand
bank caved. Hence (Slang), to retreat from a position; to
give way; to yield in a disputed matter.
{To cave in}. [Flem. inkalven.]
(a) To fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on the side of
a well or pit.
(b) To submit; to yield. [Slang] --H. Kingsley.
Caveat \Ca"ve*at\, n. [L. caved let him beware, pres. subj. of
cavere to be on one's guard to, beware.]
1. (Law) A notice given by an interested party to some
officer not to do a certain act until the party is heard
in opposition; as, a caveat entered in a probate court to
stop the proving of a will or the taking out of letters of
administration, etc. --Bouvier.
2. (U. S. Patent Laws) A description of some invention,
designed to be patented, lodged in the patent office
before the patent right is applied for, and operating as a
bar to the issue of letters patent to any other person,
respecting the same invention.
Note: A caveat is operative for one year only, but may be
renewed.
3. Intimation of caution; warning; protest.
We think it right to enter our caveat against a
conclusion. --Jeffrey.
{Caveat emptor} [L.] (Law), let the purchaser beware, i. e.,
let him examine the article he is buying, and act on his
own judgment.
Caveating \Ca"ve*a`ting\, n. (Fencing)
Shifting the sword from one side of an adversary's sword to
the other.
Caveator \Ca"ve*a`tor\, n.
One who enters a caveat.
Cavendish \Cav"en*dish\, n.
Leaf tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or
cakes.
{Cut cavendish}, the plugs cut into long shreds for smoking.
Cavern \Cav"ern\, n. [L. caverna, fr. cavus hollow: cf. F.
caverne.]
A large, deep, hollow place in the earth; a large cave.
Caverned \Cav"erned\, a.
1. Containing caverns.
The wolves yelled on the caverned hill. --Byron.
2. Living in a cavern. ``Caverned hermit.'' --Pope.
Cavernous \Cav"ern*ous\, a. [L. cavernosus: cf. F. caverneux.]
1. Full of caverns; resembling a cavern or large cavity;
hollow.
2. Filled with small cavities or cells.
3. Having a sound caused by a cavity.
{Cavernous body}, a body of erectile tissue with large
interspaces which may be distended with blood, as in the
penis or clitoris.
{Cavernous respiration}, a peculiar respiratory sound andible
on auscultation, when the bronchial tubes communicate with
morbid cavities in the lungs.
Cavernulous \Ca*ver"nu*lous\, a.[L. cavernula, dim. of caverna
cavern.]
Full of little cavities; as, cavernulous metal. --Black.
Cavesson \Cav"es*son\, Cavezon \Cav"e*zon\, n. [F. cave[,c]on,
augm. fr. LL. capitium a head covering hood, fr. L. caput
head. Cf. {Caberzon}.] (Man.)
A kind of noseband used in breaking and training horses.
[Written also {caveson}, {causson}.] --White.
Cavetto \Ca*vet"to\ (k[.a]*v[e^]t"t[-o]), n. [It. cavetto, fr.
cavo hollow, L. cavus.] (Arch.)
A concave molding; -- used chiefly in classical architecture.
See Illust. of {Column}.
Caviare \Ca*viare"\, Caviar \Cav"i*ar\, n. [F. caviar, fr. It.
caviale, fr. Turk. Hav[=i][=a]r.]
The roes of the sturgeon, prepared and salted; -- used as a
relish, esp. in Russia.
Note: Caviare was considered a delicacy, by some, in
Shakespeare's time, but was not relished by most. Hence
Hamlet says of a certain play. ``'T was caviare to the
general,'' i. e., above the taste of the common people.
Cavicorn \Cav"i*corn\ (k[a^]v"[i^]*k[^o]rn), a. [L. cavus hollow
+ cornu horn.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having hollow horns.
Cavicornia \Cav`i*cor"ni*a\ (k[a^]v`[i^]*k[^o]r"n[i^]*[.a]), n.
pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of ruminants whose horns are hollow, and planted on a
bony process of the front, as the ox.
Cavil \Cav"il\ (k[a^]v"[i^]l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Caviled} or
{Cavilled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Caviling} or {Cavilling}.] [L.
cavillari to practice jesting, to censure, fr. cavilla
bantering jests, sophistry: cf. OF. caviller.]
To raise captious and frivolous objections; to find fault
without good reason.
You do not well in obstinacy To cavil in the course of
this contract. --Shak.
Cavil \Cav"il\, v. t.
To cavil at. [Obs.] --Milton.
Cavil \Cav"il\, n.
A captious or frivolous objection.
All the cavils of prejudice and unbelief. --Shak.
Caviler \Cav"il*er\ or Caviller \Cav"il*ler\ (-[~e]r), n.
One who cavils.
Cavilers at the style of the Scriptures. --Boyle.
Caviling \Cav"il*ing\, a.
Disposed to cavil; finding fault without good reason. See
{Captious}.
His depreciatory and caviling criticism. --Lewis.
Cavilingly \Cav"il*ing*ly\, adv.
In a caviling manner.
Cavillation \Cav`il*la"tion\ (-l[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.[F.
cavillation, L. cavillatio.]
Frivolous or sophistical objection. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Cavilous \Cav"il*ous\ or Cavillous \Cav"il*lous\, a. [L.
cavillosus.]
Characterized by caviling, or disposed to cavil; quibbing.
[R.] -- {Cav"il*ous*ly}, adv. [R.] -- {Cav"il*ous*ness}, n.
[R.]
Cavin \Cav"in\, n. [F. See {Cave}.] (Mil.)
A hollow way, adapted to cover troops, and facilitate their
aproach to a place. --Farrow.
Cavitary \Cav"i*ta*ry\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Containing a body cavity; as, the cavitary or nematoid worms.
Cavity \Cav"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Cavities}. [L. cavus hollow: cf. F.
cavit['e].]
1. Hollowness. [Obs.]
The cavity or hollowness of the place. --Goodwin.
2. A hollow place; a hollow; as, the abdominal cavity.
An instrument with a small cavity, like a small
spoon. --Arbuthnot.
Abnormal spaces or excavations are frequently formed
in the lungs, which are designated cavities or
vomic[ae]. --Quain.
{Body cavity}, the c[oe]lum. See under {Body}.
Cavo-relievo \Ca"vo-re*lie"vo\, n.
Cavo-rilievo.
Cavo-rilievo \Ca"vo-ri*lie"vo\, n. [It.] (Sculp.)
Hollow relief; sculpture in relief within a sinking made for
the purpose, so no part of it projects beyond the plain
surface around.
Cavort \Ca*vort"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cavorted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cavorting}.]
To prance ostentatiously; -- said of a horse or his rider.
[Local slang, U. S.]
Cavy \Ca"vy\, n.; pl. {Cavies}. [NL. cavia, fr. Brazilian
cabiai: cf. F. cabiai.] (Zo["o]l.)
A rodent of the genera {Cavia} and {Dolichotis}, as the
guinea pig ({Cavia cobaya}). Cavies are natives of South
America.
{Water cavy} (Zo["o]l.), The capybara.
Caw \Caw\ (k[add]), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cawed} (k[add]d); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cawing}.] [Imitative. [root]22 Cf. {Chough}.]
To cry like a crow, rook, or raven.
Rising and cawing at the gun's report. --Shak.
Caw \Caw\, n.
The cry made by the crow, rook, or raven.
Cawk \Cawk\ (k[add]k), n. [Prov. E. cauk limestone. A doublet of
chalk.] (Min.)
An opaque, compact variety of barite, or heavy spar. [Also
written {cauk}.]
Cawker \Cawk"er\, n.
See {Calker}.
Cawky \Cawk"y\, a.
Of or pertaining to cawk; like cawk.
Caxon \Cax"on\, n.
A kind of wig. [Obs.] --Lamb.
Caxton \Cax"ton\, n. (Bibliog.)
Any book printed by William Caxton, the first English
printer. --Hansard.
Cay \Cay\, n.
See {Key}, a ledge.
Cayenne \Cay*enne\, n. [From Cayenne, a town and island in
French Guiana, South America.]
Cayenne pepper.
{Cayenne pepper}.
(a) (Bot.) A species of {Capsicum} ({C. frutescens}) with
small and intensely pungent fruit.
(b) A very pungent spice made by drying and grinding the
fruits or seeds of several species of the genus
{Capsicum}, esp. {C. annuum} and {C. Frutescens}; --
called also {red pepper}. It is used chiefly as a
condiment.
Cayman \Cay"man\ (k[=a]"man), n. [From the language of Guiana:
cf. Sp. caiman.] (Zo["o]l.)
The south America alligator. See {Alligator}. [Sometimes
written {caiman}.]
Cayugas \Ca*yu"gas\, n. pl.; sing. {Cayuga}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting western New-York,
forming part of the confederacy called the Five Nations.
Cayuse \Cay*use"\, n.
An Indian pony. [Northw. U. S.]
Cazique \Ca*zique"\, Cazic \Ca*zic"\, n. [Sp. Cacique, fr. the
language of Hayti.]
A chief or petty king among some tribes of Indians in
America.
Cease \Cease\ (s[=e]s), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ceased}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Ceasing}.] [OE. cessen, cesen, F. cesser, fr. L.
cessare, v. intemsive fr. cedere to withdraw. See {Cede}, and
cf. {Cessation}.]
1. To come to an end; to stop; to leave off or give over; to
desist; as, the noise ceased. ``To cease from strife.''
--Prov. xx. 3.
2. To be wanting; to fail; to pass away.
The poor shall never cease out of the land. --Deut.
xv. 11.
Syn: To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit; discontinue;
refrain; leave off; pause; end.
Cease \Cease\, v. t.
To put a stop to; to bring to an end.
But he, her fears to cease Sent down the meek-eyed
peace. --Milton.
Cease, then, this impious rage. --Milton
Cease \Cease\, n.
Extinction. [Obs.] --Shak.
Ceaseless \Cease"less\, a.
Without pause or end; incessant.
Ceaseless \Cease"less\, adv.
Without intermission or end.
Cecidomyia \Cec`i*do*my"i*a\, n. [Nl., fr. Gr. khki`s, ?, a gall
nut + myi^a a fly.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of small dipterous files, including several very
injurious species, as the Hessian fly. See {Hessian fly}.
Cecity \Ce"ci*ty\, n. [L. caecitas, fr. caecus blind: cf. F.
c['e]cit['e].]
Blindness. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Cecutiency \Ce*cu"tien*cy\, n. [L. caecutire to be blind, fr.
caecus blind.]
Partial blindness, or a tendency to blindness. [R.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Cedar \Ce"dar\, n. [AS. ceder, fr. L. cedrus, Gr. ?.] (Bot.)
The name of several evergreen trees. The wood is remarkable
for its durability and fragrant odor.
Note: The cedar of Lebanon is the Cedrus Libani; the white
cedar ({Cupressus thyoides}) is now called
{Cham[oe]cyparis sph[ae]roidea}; American red cedar is
the {Juniperus Virginiana}; Spanish cedar, the West
Indian {Cedrela odorata}. Many other trees with
odoriferous wood are locally called cedar.
{Cedar bird} (Zo["o]l.), a species of chatterer ({Ampelis
cedrarum}), so named from its frequenting cedar trees; --
called also {cherry bird}, {Canada robin}, and {American
waxwing}.
Cedar \Ce"dar\, a.
Of or pertaining to cedar.
Cedared \Ce"dared\, a.
Covered, or furnished with, cedars.
Cedarn \Ce"darn\, a.
Of or pertaining to the cedar or its wood. [R.]
Cede \Cede\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ceded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ceding}.] [L. cedere to withdraw, yield; akin to cadere to
fall, and to E. chance; cf. F. c['e]der.]
To yield or surrender; to give up; to resign; as, to cede a
fortress, a province, or country, to another nation, by
treaty.
The people must cede to the government some of their
natural rights. --Jay.
Cedilla \Ce*dil"la\, n. [Sp. cedilla, cf. F. c['e]dille; dim. of
zeta, the Gr. name of the letter z, because this letter was
formerly written after the c, to give it the sound of s.]
A mark placed under the letter c [thus, [,c]], to show that
it is to be sounded like s, as in fa[,c]ade.
Cedrat \Ce"drat\ (s[=e]"dr[a^]t), n. [Cf. F. c['e]drat. See
{Cedar}.] (Bot.)
Properly the citron, a variety of {Citrus medica}, with large
fruits, not acid, and having a high perfume.
Cedrene \Ce"drene\ (s[=e]"dr[=e]n), n. (Chem.)
A rich aromatic oil, {C15H24}, extracted from oil of red
cedar, and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any one of a
class of similar substances, as the essential oils of cloves,
cubebs, juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the type.
[Written also {cedren}.]
Cedrine \Ce"drine\ (s[=e]"dr[i^]n; 277), a. [L. cedrinus, Gr. ?.
See {Cedar}.]
Of or pertaining to cedar or the cedar tree.
Cedriret \Ce"dri*ret\ (s[=e]"dr[i^]*r[e^]t), n.
Same as {C[oe]rulignone}.
Cedry \Ce"dry\, a.
Of the nature of cedar. [R.]
Cedule \Ced"ule\, n. [F. c['e]dule, fr. L. shedula. See
{Shedule}.]
A scroll; a writing; a schedule. [Obs.]
Ceduous \Ced"u*ous\, a. [L. caeduus, fr. caedere to cut down.]
Fit to be felled. [Obs.] --Eyelyn.
Ceil \Ceil\ (s[=e]l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ceiled} (s[=e]ld); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Ceiling}.] [From an older noun, fr. F. ciel
heaven, canopy, fr. L. caelum heaven, vault, arch, covering;
cf. Gr. koi^los hollow.]
1. To overlay or cover the inner side of the roof of; to
furnish with a ceiling; as, to ceil a room.
The greater house he ceiled with fir tree. --2
Chron. iii. 5
2. To line or finish a surface, as of a wall, with plaster,
stucco, thin boards, or the like.
Ceiling \Ceil"ing\, n. [See {Cell}, v. t.]
1. (Arch.)
(a) The inside lining of a room overhead; the under side
of the floor above; the upper surface opposite to the
floor.
(b) The lining or finishing of any wall or other surface,
with plaster, thin boards, etc.; also, the work when
done.
2. (Naut.) The inner planking of a vessel.
{Camp ceiling}. See under {Camp}.
{Ceiling boards}, Thin narrow boards used to ceil with.
Ceint \Ceint\, n. [See {Cincture}.]
A girdle. [Obs.]
Celadon \Cel"a*don\, n. [F.]
A pale sea-green color; also, porcelain or fine pottery of
this tint.
Celandine \Cel"an*dine\ (s[e^]l"[a^]n*d[imac]n), n. [OE.
celidoine, OF. celidoine, F. ch['e]lidoine, fr. L. chelidonia
(sc. herba), fr. chelidonius pertaining to the swallow, Gr.
chelido`nios, fr. chelidw`n the swallow, akin to L. hirundo a
swallow.] (Bot.)
A perennial herbaceous plant ({Chelidonium majus}) of the
poppy family, with yellow flowers. It is used as a medicine
in jaundice, etc., and its acrid saffron-colored juice is
used to cure warts and the itch; -- called also {greater
celandine} and {swallowwort}.
{Lasser celandine}, the pilewort ({Ranunculus Ficaria}).
Celature \Cel"a*ture\, n. [L. caelatura, fr. caelare to engrave
in relief.]
1. The act or art of engraving or embossing.
2. That which is engraved. [Obs.] --Hakewill.
Celebrant \Cel"e*brant\, n. [L. celebrans, p. pr. of celebrare.
See {Celebrate}.]
One who performs a public religious rite; -- applied
particularly to an officiating priest in the Roman Catholic
Church, as distinguished from his assistants.
Celebrate \Cel"e*brate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Celebrated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Celebrating}.] [L. celebratus, p. p. of
celebrare to frequent, to celebrate, fr. celeber famous.]
1. To extol or honor in a solemn manner; as, to celebrate the
name of the Most High.
2. To honor by solemn rites, by ceremonies of joy and
respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to
observe duly; to keep; as, to celebrate a birthday.
From even unto even shall ye celebrate your Sabbath.
--Lev. xxiii.
32.
3. To perform or participate in, as a sacrament or solemn
rite; to solemnize; to perform with appropriate rites; as,
to celebrate a marriage.
Syn: To commemorate; distinguish; honor.
Usage: To {Celebrate}, {Commemorate}. We commemorate events
which we desire to keep in remembrance, when we recall
them by some special observace; as, to commemorate the
death of our Savior. We celebrate by demonstrations of
joy or solemnity or by appropriate ceremonies; as, to
celebrate the birthday of our Independence.
We are called upon to commemorate a revolution
as surprising in its manner as happy in its
consequences. --Atterbury.
Earth, water, air, and fire, with feeling glee,
Exult to celebrate thy festival. --Thomson.
Celebrated \Cel"e*bra`ted\, a.
Having celebrity; distinguished; renowned.
Celebrated for the politeness of his manners.
--Macaulay.
Syn: Distinguished; famous; noted; famed; renowned;
illustrious. See {Distinguished}.
Celebration \Cel`e*bra"tion\, n. [L. celebratio.]
The act, process, or time of celebrating.
His memory deserving a particular celebration.
--Clarendok.
Celebration of Mass is equivalent to offering Mass
--Cath. Dict.
To hasten the celebration of their marriage. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Celebrator \Cel"e*bra`tor\, n. [L.]
One who celebrates; a praiser. --Boyle.
Celebrious \Ce*le"bri*ous\, a.
Famous. [Obs.] --Speed.
Celebrity \Ce*leb"ri*ty\, n.; pl. {Celebrities}. [L. celebritas:
cf. F. c['e]l['e]brit['e].]
1. Celebration; solemnization. [Obs.]
The celebrity of the marriage. --Bacon.
2. The state or condition of being celebrated; fame; renown;
as, the celebrity of Washington.
An event of great celebrity in the history of
astronomy. --Whewell.
3. A person of distinction or renown; -- usually in the
plural; as, he is one of the celebrities of the place.
Celeriac \Ce*le"ri*ac\, n. (Bot.)
Turnip-rooted celery, a from of celery with a large globular
root, which is used for food.
Celerity \Ce*ler"i*ty\, n. [L. celeritas, from celer swiftm
speedy: sf. F. c['e]l['e]rit['e].]
Rapidity of motion; quickness; swiftness.
Time, with all its celerity, moves slowly to him whose
whole employment is to watch its flight. --Johnson.
Celery \Cel"er*y\, n. [F. c['e]leri, cf. Prov. It. seleno,
seler; fr. Gr. ? parsley, in Lgr. & NGr. celery. Cf.
{Parsley}.] (Bot.)
A plant of the Parsley family ({Apium graveolens}), of which
the blanched leafstalks are used as a salad.
Celestial \Ce*les"tial\, a. [OF. celestial, celestied, fr. L.
caelestic, fr. caelum heaved. See {Cell}.]
1. Belonging to the a["e]rial regions, or visible heavens.
``The twelve celestial signs.'' --Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the spiritual heaven; heavenly;
divine. ``Celestial spirits.'' ``Celestial light,''
--Milton.
{Celestial city}, heaven; the heavenly Jerusalem. --Bunyan.
{Celestial empire}, China; -- so called from the Chinese
words, tien chan, Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom
ruled over by the dynasty appointed by heaven. --S. W.
Williams.
Celestial \Ce*les"tial\, n.
1. An inhabitant of heaven. --Pope.
2. A native of China.
Celestialize \Ce*les"tial*ize\, v. t.
To make celestial. [R.]
Celestially \Ce*les"tial*ly\, adv.
In a celestial manner.
Celestify \Ce*les"ti*fy\, v. t. [L. caelestis heavenly + -fly.]
To make like heaven. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Celestine \Cel"es*tine\, Celestite \Cel"es*tite\,, n. [LL.
caelestinus bine.] (Min.)
Native strontium sulphate, a mineral so named from its
occasional delicate blue color. It occurs crystallized, also
in compact massive and fibrous forms.
Celestine \Cel"es*tine\, Celestinian \Cel`es*tin"i*an\, n.
(Eccl. Hist.)
A monk of the austere branch of the Franciscan Order founded
by Celestine V. in the 13th centry.
Celiac \Ce"li*ac\, a. (Anat.)
See C[oe]llac.
Celibacy \Ce*lib"a*cy\, n. [See {Celibate}, n.]
The state of being unmarried; single life, esp. that of a
bachelor, or of one bound by vows not to marry. ``The
celibacy of the clergy.'' --Hallom.
Celibate \Cel"i*bate\, n. [L. aelibatus, fr. caelebs unmarried,
single.]
1. Celibate state; celibacy. [Obs.]
He . . . preferreth holy celibate before the estate
of marrige. --Jer. Taylor.
2. One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one bound by
vows not to marry.
Celibate \Cel"i*bate\, a.
Unmarried; single; as, a celibate state.
Celibatist \Ce*lib"a*tist\, n.
One who lives unmarried. [R.]
Celidography \Cel`i*dog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ?, ? stain, spot +
-graphy: cf. F. c['e]lidographie.]
A description of apparent spots on the disk of the sun, or on
planets.
Cell \Cell\, n. [OF. celle, fr. L. cella; akin to celare to
hide, and E. hell, helm, conceal. Cf. {Hall}.]
1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison or in a
monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit.
The heroic confessor in his cell. --Macaulay.
2. A small religious house attached to a monastery or
convent. ``Cells or dependent priories.'' --Milman.
3. Any small cavity, or hollow place.
4. (Arch.)
(a) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof.
(b) Same as {Cella}.
5. (Elec.) A jar of vessel, or a division of a compound
vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of a battery.
6. (Biol.) One of the minute elementary structures, of which
the greater part of the various tissues and organs of
animals and plants are composed.
Note: All cells have their origin in the primary cell from
which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal
and vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the
complete individual, such being called unicelluter
orgamisms. A typical cell is composed of a semifluid
mass of protoplasm, more or less granular, generally
containing in its center a nucleus which in turn
frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole
being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In
some cells, as in those of blood, in the am[oe]ba, and
in embryonic cells (both vegetable and animal), there
is no restricting cell wall, while in some of the
unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is wholly wanting.
See Illust. of {Bipolar}.
{Air cell}. See {Air cell}.
{Cell development} (called also {cell genesis}, {cell
formation}, and {cytogenesis}), the multiplication, of
cells by a process of reproduction under the following
common forms; segmentation or fission, gemmation or
budding, karyokinesis, and endogenous multiplication. See
{Segmentation}, {Gemmation}, etc.
{Cell theory}. (Biol.) See {Cellular theory}, under
{Cellular}.
Cell \Cell\ (s[e^]l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Celled} (s[e^]ld).]
To place or inclose in a cell. ``Celled under ground.'' [R.]
--Warner.
Cella \Cel"la\, n. [L.] (Arch.)
The part inclosed within the walls of an ancient temple, as
distinguished from the open porticoes.
Cellar \Cel"lar\, n. [OE. celer, OF. celier, F. celier, fr. L.
cellarium a receptacle for food, pantry, fr. cella storeroom.
See {Cell}.]
A room or rooms under a building, and usually below the
surface of the ground, where provisions and other stores are
kept.
Cellarage \Cel"lar*age\, n.
1. The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar. --Sir W.
Scott.
You hear this fellow in the cellarage. --Shak.
2. Chare for storage in a cellar.
Cellarer \Cel"lar*er\, n. [LL. cellararius, equiv. to L.
cellarius steward: cf. F. cell['e]rier. See {Cellar}.]
(Eccl.)
A steward or butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has
charge of procuring and keeping the provisions.
Cellaret \Cel`lar*et"\, n. [Dim of cellar.]
A receptacle, as in a dining room, for a few bottles of wine
or liquor, made in the form of a chest or coffer, or a deep
drawer in a sideboard, and usually lined with metal.
Cellarist \Cel"lar*ist\, n.
Same as {Cellarer}.
Celled \Celled\, a.
Containing a cell or cells.
Cellepore \Cel"le*pore\, n. [L. cella cell + porus, Gr. ?,
passage.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of delicate branching corals, made up of minute
cells, belonging to the Bryozoa.
Celliferous \Cel*lif"er*ous\, a. [Cell + -ferous.]
Bearing or producing cells.
Cello \Cel"lo\, n.; pl. E. {Cellos}, It. {Celli}.
A contraction for {Violoncello}.
Cellular \Cel"lu*lar\, a. [L. cellula a little cell: cf. F.
cellulaire. See {Cellule}.]
Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a
cell or cells.
{Cellular plants}, {Cellular cryptogams} (Bot.), those
flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their
tissue, as mosses, fungi, lichens, and alg[ae].
{Cellular theory}, or {Cell theory} (Biol.), a theory,
according to which the essential element of every tissue,
either vegetable or animal, is a cell; the whole series of
cells having been formed from the development of the germ
cell and by differentiation converted into tissues and
organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to be
considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with
each other.
{Cellular tissue}.
(a) (Anat.) See {conjunctive tissue} under {Conjunctive}.
(b) (Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and having
no woody fiber or ducts.
Cellulated \Cel"lu*la`ted\, a.
Cellular. --Caldwell.
Cellule \Cel"lule\, n. [L. cellula a small apartment, dim. of
cella: cf. F. cellule. See {Cell}.]
A small cell.
Celluliferous \Cel`lu*lif"er*ous\, a. [L. cellula + -ferous.]
Bearing or producing little cells.
Cellulitis \Cel`lu*li"tis\, n. [NL., fr. L. cellula + -itis.]
An inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of
that lying immediately beneath the skin.
Celluloid \Cel"lu*loid`\ (s[e^]l"[-u]*loid), n. [Cellulose +
-oid.]
A substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor,
and when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but
variously colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber,
malachite, etc. It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and
many small articles, as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs;
-- originally called {xylonite}.
Cellulose \Cel"lu*lose`\ (s[e^]l"[-u]*l[=o]s`), a.
Consisting of, or containing, cells.
Cellulose \Cel"lu*lose`\, n. (Chem.)
The substance which constitutes the essential part of the
solid framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper,
etc. It is also found to a slight extent in certain animals,
as the tunicates. It is a carbohydrate, {(C6H10O5)n},
isomeric with starch, and is convertible into starches and
sugars by the action of heat and acids. When pure, it is a
white amorphous mass. See {Starch}, {Granulose}, {Lignin}.
Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure
cellulose. --Goodale.
{Starch cellulose}, the delicate framework which remains when
the soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by
saliva or pepsin. --Goodale.
Celotomy \Ce*lot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ?; ? hernia + ? to cut.] (Med.)
The act or operation of cutting, to relieve the structure in
strangulated hernia. [Frequently written {kelotomy}.]
Celsiture \Cel"si*ture\, n. [L. celstudo, from celsus high: cf.
celsitude.]
Height; altitude. [Obs.]
Celsius \Cel"si*us\, n.
The Celsius thermometer or scale, so called from Anders
Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, who invented it. It is the
same as the centigrade thermometer or scale.
Celt \Celt\, n. [L. Celtae, Gr. ?, ?, pl.: cf. W. Celtiad one
that dwells in a covert, an inhabitant of the wood, a Celt,
fr. celt covert, shelter, celu to hide.]
One of an ancient race of people, who formerly inhabited a
great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose
descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the
Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France.
[Written also {Kelt}. The letter C was pronounced hard in
Celtic languages.]
Celt \Celt\, n. [LL. celts a chisel.] (Arch[ae]ol.)
A weapon or implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli,
or barrows, of the early Celtic nations.
Celtiberian \Celt`i*be"ri*an\, a. [L. Celtiber, Celtibericus.]
Of or pertaining to the ancient Celtiberia (a district in
Spain lying between the Ebro and the Tagus) or its
inhabitants the Celtiberi (Celts of the river Iberus). -- n.
An inhabitant of Celtiberia.
Celtic \Celt"ic\, a. [L. Celticus, Gr. ?. See {Celt}.]
Of or pertaining to the Celts; as, Celtic people, tribes,
literature, tongue. [Written also {Keltic}.]
Celtic \Celt"ic\, n.
The language of the Celts.
Note: The remains of the old Celtic language are found in the
Gaelic, the Erse or Irish the Manx, and the Welsh and
its cognate dialects Cornish and Bas Breton.
Celticism \Celt"i*cism\ (s[e^]l"t[i^]*s[i^]z'm), n.
A custom of the Celts, or an idiom of their language.
--Warton.
Celticize \Celt"i*cize`\, v. t.
To render Celtic; to assimilate to the Celts.
Cembalo \Cem"ba*lo\, n. [It. See {Cymbal}.]
An old name for the harpsichord.
Cement \Ce*ment"\ (s[e^]*m[e^]nt" or s[e^]m"[e^]nt), n. [OF.
cement, ciment, F. ciment, fr. L. caementum a rough, unhewn
stone, pieces or chips of marble, from which mortar was made,
contr. fr. caedimentum, fr. caedere to cut, prob. akin to
scindere to cleave, and to E. shed, v. t.]
1. Any substance used for making bodies adhere to each other,
as mortar, glue, etc.
2. A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined mixture of
clay and lime, for making mortar which will harden under
water.
3. The powder used in cementation. See {Cementation}, n., 2.
4. Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as persons in
friendship, or men in society. ``The cement of our love.''
5. (Anat.) The layer of bone investing the root and neck of a
tooth; -- called also {cementum}.
{Hydraulic cement}. See under {Hydraulic}.
Cement \Ce*ment"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cemented}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cementing}.] [Cf. F. cimenter. See {Cement}, n.]
1. To unite or cause to adhere by means of a cement. --Bp.
Burnet.
2. To unite firmly or closely. --Shak.
3. To overlay or coat with cement; as, to cement a cellar
bottom.
Cement \Ce*ment"\, v. i.
To become cemented or firmly united; to cohere. --S. Sharp.
Cemental \Ce*ment"al\, a.
Of or pertaining to cement, as of a tooth; as, cemental
tubes. --R. Owen.
Cementation \Cem`en*ta"tion\, n.
1. The act or process of cementing.
2. (Chem.) A process which consists in surrounding a solid
body with the powder of other substances, and heating the
whole to a degree not sufficient to cause fusion, the
physical properties of the body being changed by chemical
combination with powder; thus iron becomes steel by
cementation with charcoal, and green glass becomes
porcelain by cementation with sand.
Cementatory \Ce*ment"a*to*ry\, a.
Having the quality of cementing or uniting firmly.
Cementer \Ce*ment"er\, n.
A person or thing that cements.
Cementitious \Cem`en*ti"tious\, a. [L. caementitius pertaining
to quarry stones. See {Cement}, n. ]
Of the nature of cement. [R.] --Forsyth.
Cemeterial \Cem`e*te"ri*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a cemetery. ``Cemeterial cells.'' [R.]
--Sir T. Browne.
Cemetery \Cem"e*ter*y\, n.; pl. {Cemeteries}. [L. cemeterium,
Gr. ? a sleeping chamber, burial place, fr. ? to put to
sleep.]
A place or ground set apart for the burial of the dead; a
graveyard; a churchyard; a necropolis.
Cenanthy \Ce*nan"thy\, n. [Gr. ? empty + ? a flower.] (Bot.)
The absence or suppression of the essential organs (stamens
and pistil) in a flower.
Cenation \Ce*na"tion\, n. [L. cenatio.]
Meal-taking; dining or supping. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Cenatory \Cen"a*to*ry\, a. [L. cenatorius, fr. cenare to dine,
sup, fr. cena, coena, dinner, supper.]
Of or pertaining to dinner or supper. [R.]
The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore a cenatory
garment. --Sir T.
Browne.
Cenobite \Cen"o*bite\, n. [L. coenobita, fr. Gr. koino`bios;
koino`s common + bi`os life: cf. F. c['e]nobite.]
One of a religious order, dwelling in a convent, or a
community, in opposition to an anchoret, or hermit, who lives
in solitude. --Gibbon.
Cenobitic \Cen`o*bit"ic\, Cenobitical \Cen`o*bit"ic*al\a. [Cf.
F. c['e]nobitique.]
Of or pertaining to a cenobite.
Cenobitism \Cen"o*bi*tism\, n.
The state of being a cenobite; the belief or practice of a
cenobite. --Milman.
Cenogamy \Ce*nog"a*my\ (s[-e]*n[o^]g"[.a]*m[y^]), n. [Gr.
koino`s common + ga`mos marriage.]
The state of a community which permits promiscuous sexual
intercourse among its members, as in certain societies
practicing communism.
Cenotaph \Cen"o*taph\ (s[-e]n"[-o]*t[.a]f), n. [Gr. kenota`fion;
keno`s empty + ta`fos burial, tomb: cf. F. c['e]notaphe.]
An empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person who
is buried elsewhere. --Dryden.
A cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. --Macaulay.
Cenotaphy \Cen"o*taph`y\, n.
A cenotaph. [R.]
Lord Cobham honored him with a cenotaphy. --Macaulay.
Cenozoic \Ce`no*zo"ic\, a. [Gr. ? recent + ? life.] (Geol.)
Belonging to the most recent division of geological time,
including the tertiary, or Age of mammals, and the
Quaternary, or Age of man. [Written also {c[ae]nozoic},
{cainozoic}, {kainozoic}.] See {Geology}.
Note: This word is used by many authors as synonymous with
Tertiary, the Quaternary Age not being included.
Cense \Cense\, n. [OF. cense, F. cens, L. census. See {Census}.]
1. A census; -- also, a public rate or tax. [Obs.] --Howell.
Bacon.
2. Condition; rank. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Cense \Cense\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Censed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Censing}.] [Abbrev. from incense.]
To perfume with odors from burning gums and spices.
The Salii sing and cense his altars round. --Dryden.
Cense \Cense\, v. i.
To burn or scatter incense.
Censer \Cen"ser\, n. [For incenser, fr. OF. encensier, F.
encensoir, fr. LL. incensarium, incensorium, fr. L. incensum
incense. See {Incense}, and cf. {Incensory}.]
A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned.
Note: The ecclesiastical censer is usually cup-shaped, has a
cover pierced with holes, and is hung by chains. The
censer bearer swings it to quicken the combustion.
Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense
Which from a golden censer forth doth rise.
--Spenser.
Censor \Cen"sor\, n. [L. censor, fr. censere to value, tax.]
1. (Antiq.) One of two magistrates of Rome who took a
register of the number and property of citizens, and who
also exercised the office of inspector of morals and
conduct.
2. One who is empowered to examine manuscripts before they
are committed to the press, and to forbid their
publication if they contain anything obnoxious; -- an
official in some European countries.
3. One given to fault-finding; a censurer.
Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady
rectitude, escape blame from censors who have no
inclination to approve. --Rambler.
4. A critic; a reviewer.
Received with caution by the censors of the press.
--W. Irving.
Censorial \Cen*so"ri*al\, a.
1. Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public
morals. --Junius.
2. Full of censure; censorious.
The censorial declamation of Juvenal. --T. Warton.
Censorian \Cen*so"ri*an\, a.
Censorial. [R.] --Bacon.
Censorious \Cen*so"ri*ous\, a. [L. censorius pertaining to the
censor. See {Censor}.]
1. Addicted to censure; apt to blame or condemn; severe in
making remarks on others, or on their writings or manners.
A dogmatical spirit inclines a man to be consorious
of his neighbors. --Watts.
2. Implying or expressing censure; as, censorious remarks.
Syn: Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious; severe;
condemnatory; hypercritical. -- {Cen*so"ri*ous*ly}, adv.
-- {Cen*so"ri*ous*ness}, n.
Censorship \Cen"sor*ship\, n.
The office or power of a censor; as, to stand for a
censorship. --Holland.
The press was not indeed at that moment under a general
censorship. --Macaulay.
Censual \Cen"su*al\, a. [L. censualis, fr. census.]
Relating to, or containing, a census.
He caused the whole realm to be described in a censual
roll. --Sir R.
Baker.
Censurable \Cen"sur*a*ble\, a.
Deserving of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; as,
a censurable person, or censurable conduct. --
{Cen"sur*a*bleness}, n. -- {Cen"sur*a*bly}, adv.
Censure \Cen"sure\, n. [L. censura fr. censere: cf. F. censure.
Cf. {Censor}.]
1. Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion. [Obs.]
Take each man's censure, but reserve thy judgment.
--Shak.
2. The act of blaming or finding fault with and condemning as
wrong; reprehension; blame.
Both the censure and the praise were merited.
--Macaulay.
3. Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand;
condemnatory judgment.
Excommunication or other censure of the church.
--Bp. Burnet.
Syn: Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation; disapproval;
disapprobation; reprehension; animadversion; reprimand;
reflection; dispraise; abuse.
Censure \Cen"sure\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Censured}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Censuring}.] [Cf. F. ensurer.]
1. To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate;
to judge. [Obs.] ``Should I say more, you might well
censure me a flatterer.'' --Beau. & Fl.
2. To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame; to
express disapprobation of.
I may be censured that nature thus gives way to
loyalty. --Shak.
3. To condemn or reprimand by a judicial or ecclesiastical
sentence. --Shak.
Syn: To blame; reprove; rebuke; condemn; reprehend;
reprimand.
Censure \Cen"sure\, v. i.
To judge. [Obs.] --Shak.
Censurer \Cen"sur*er\, n.
One who censures. --Sha.
Census \Cen"sus\, n. [L. census, fr. censere. See {Censor}.]
1. (Bot. Antiq.) A numbering of the people, and valuation of
their estate, for the purpose of imposing taxes, etc.; --
usually made once in five years.
2. An official registration of the number of the people, the
value of their estates, and other general statistics of a
country.
Note: A general census of the United States was first taken
in 1790, and one has been taken at the end of every ten
years since.
Cent \Cent\, n. [F. cent hundred, L. centum. See {Hundred}.]
1. A hundred; as, ten per cent, the proportion of ten parts
in a hundred.
2. A United States coin, the hundredth part of a dollar,
formerly made of copper, now of copper, tin, and zinc.
3. An old game at cards, supposed to be like piquet; -- so
called because 100 points won the game. --Nares.
Centage \Cent"age\, n.
Rate by the hundred; percentage.
Cental \Cen"tal\, n. [L. centum a hundred.]
A weight of one hundred pounds avoirdupois; -- called in many
parts of the United States a {Hundredweight}.
Cental \Cen"tal\, n.
Relating to a hundred.
{Cental system}, the method of buying and selling by the
cental, or hundredweight.
Centare \Cen"tare`\, n. [F. centiare; centi- (L. centum) +
-are.]
A measure of area, the hundredth part of an are; one square
meter, or about 11/5 square yards.
Centaur \Cen"taur\, n. [L. centaurus, Gr. ?.]
1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous being, represented as half man
and half horse.
2. (Astron.) A constellation in the southern heavens between
Hydra and the Southern Cross.
Centaurea \Cen`tau*re"a\, n. [NL. See {Centaury}.] (Bot.)
A large genus of composite plants, related to the thistles
and including the cornflower or bluebottle ({Centaurea
Cyanus}) and the star thistle ({C. Calcitrapa}).
Centaury \Cen"tau*ry\, n. [L. centaureum and centauria, Gr. ?,
?, and ?, fr. the Centaur Chiron.] (Bot.)
A gentianaceous plant not fully identified. The name is
usually given to the {Eryther[ae]a Centaurium} and the
{Chlora perfoliata} of Europe, but is also extended to the
whole genus {Sabbatia}, and even to the unrelated
{Centaurea}.
Centenarian \Cen`te*na"ri*an\, a.
Of or relating to a hundred years. -- n. A person a hundred
years old.
Centenary \Cen"te*na*ry\, a. [L. centenarius, fr. centum a
hundred.]
1. Relating to, or consisting of, a hundred.
2. Occurring once in every hundred years; centennial.
``Centenary solemnities.'' --Fuller.
Centenary \Cen"te*na*ry\, n.; pl. {Centenaries}.
1. The aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a
century. ``Every centenary of years.'' --Hakewill.
2. A commemoration or celebration of an event which occurred
a hundred years before.
Centennial \Cen*ten"ni*al\, a. [L. centum a hundred + annus
year.]
1. Relating to, or associated with, the commemoration of an
event that happened a hundred years before; as, a
centennial ode.
2. Happening once in a hundred years; as, centennial jubilee;
a centennial celebration.
3. Lasting or aged a hundred years.
That opened through long lines Of sacred ilex and
centennial pines. --Longfellow.
Centennial \Cen*ten"ni*al\, n.
The celebration of the hundredth anniversary of any event; a
centenary. [U. S.]
Centennially \Cen*ten"ni*al*ly\, adv.
Once in a hundred years.
Center \Cen"ter\, n. [F. centre, fr. L. centrum, fr. round which
a circle is described, fr. ? to prick, goad.]
1. A point equally distant from the extremities of a line,
figure, or body, or from all parts of the circumference of
a circle; the middle point or place.
2. The middle or central portion of anything.
3. A principal or important point of concentration; the
nucleus around which things are gathered or to which they
tend; an object of attention, action, or force; as, a
center of attaction.
4. The earth. [Obs.] --Shak.
5. Those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who
support the existing government. They sit in the middle of
the legislative chamber, opposite the presiding officer,
between the conservatives or monarchists, who sit on the
right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced
republicans who occupy the seats on his left, See {Right},
and {Left}.
6. (Arch.) A temporary structure upon which the materials of
a vault or arch are supported in position until the work
becomes self-supporting.
7. (Mech.)
(a) One of the two conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc.,
upon which the work is held, and about which it
revolves.
(b) A conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a
shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center,
on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.
Note: In a lathe the
{live center} is in the spindle of the head stock; the
{dead center} is on the tail stock.
{Planer centers} are stocks carrying centers, when the object
to be planed must be turned on its axis.
{Center of an army}, the body or troops occupying the place
in the line between the wings.
{Center of a} {curve or surface} (Geom.)
(a) A point such that every line drawn through the point
and terminated by the curve or surface is bisected at
the point.
(b) The fixed point of reference in polar co["o]rdinates.
See {Co["o]rdinates}.
{Center of curvature of a curve} (Geom.), the center of that
circle which has at any given point of the curve closer
contact with the curve than has any other circle whatever.
See {Circle}.
{Center of a fleet}, the division or column between the van
and rear, or between the weather division and the lee.
{Center of gravity} (Mech.), that point of a body about which
all its parts can be balanced, or which being supported,
the whole body will remain at rest, though acted upon by
gravity.
{Center of gyration} (Mech.), that point in a rotating body
at which the whole mass might be concentrated
(theoretically) without altering the resistance of the
intertia of the body to angular acceleration or
retardation.
{Center of inertia} (Mech.), the center of gravity of a body
or system of bodies.
{Center of motion}, the point which remains at rest, while
all the other parts of a body move round it.
{Center of oscillation}, the point at which, if the whole
matter of a suspended body were collected, the time of
oscillation would be the same as it is in the actual form
and state of the body.
{Center of percussion}, that point in a body moving about a
fixed axis at which it may strike an obstacle without
communicating a shock to the axis.
{Center of pressure} (Hydros.), that point in a surface
pressed by a fluid, at which, if a force equal to the
whole pressure and in the same line be applied in a
contrary direction, it will balance or counteract the
whole pressure of the fluid.
Center \Cen"ter\, Centre \Cen"tre\ v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Centered} or {Centred}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Centering} or
{Centring}.]
1. To be placed in a center; to be central.
2. To be collected to a point; to be concentrated; to rest
on, or gather about, as a center.
Where there is no visible truth wherein to center,
error is as wide as men's fancies. --Dr. H. More.
Our hopes must center in ourselves alone. --Dryden.
Center \Cen"ter\, Centre \Cen"tre\, v. t.
1. To place or fix in the center or on a central point.
--Milton.
2. To collect to a point; to concentrate.
Thy joys are centered all in me alone. --Prior.
3. (Mech.) To form a recess or indentation for the reception
of a center.
Centerbit \Cen"ter*bit`\, Centrebit \Cen"tre*bit`\, n.
An instrument turning on a center, for boring holes. See
{Bit}, n., 3.
Centerboard \Cen"ter*board`\, Centreboard \Cen"tre*board\,, n.
(Naut.)
A movable or sliding keel formed of a broad board or slab of
wood or metal which may be raised into a water-tight case
amidships, when in shallow water, or may be lowered to
increase the area of lateral resistance and prevent leeway
when the vessel is beating to windward. It is used in vessels
of all sizes along the coast of the United States
Centerfire cartridge \Cen"ter*fire` car"tridge\
See under {Cartridge}.
Centering \Cen"ter*ing\, n. (Arch.)
Same as {Center}, n., 6. [Written also {centring}.]
Centerpiece \Cen"ter*piece`\, Centrepiece \Cen"tre*piece`\, n.
An ornament to be placed in the center, as of a table,
ceiling, atc.; a central article or figure.
Centesimal \Cen*tes"i*mal\, a. [L. centesimus the hundredth, fr.
centum a hundred: cf. F. cent['e]simal.]
Hundredth. -- n. A hundredth part.
The neglect of a few centesimals. --Arbuthnot.
Centesimation \Cen*tes`i*ma"tion\, n. [L. centesimore to take
out or select every hundredth, fr. centesimus hundredth.]
(Mil.)
The infliction of the death penalty upon one person in every
hundred, as in cases of mutiny.
Centesm \Cen"tesm\, n. [L. centesima.]
Hundredth.
Centesimo \Cen*tes"i*mo\, n.; pl. {-mi}. [It. & Sp.]
A copper coin of Italy and Spain equivalent to a centime.
Centiare \Cen"ti*are`\, n. [F. See Centare.]
See {centare}.
Centicipitous \Cen`ti*cip"i*tous\, a. [L. centiceps, -cipitis;
centum a hunder + caput head.]
Hundred-headed.
Centifidous \Cen*tif"i*dous\, a. [L. centifidus; centum +
findere to split.]
Divided into a hundred parts.
Centifolious \Cen`ti*fo"li*ous\, a. [L. centifolius; centum +
folium leaf.]
Having a hundred leaves.
Centigrade \Cen"ti*grade\, a. [L. centum a hundred + gradus
degree: cf. F. centigrade.]
Consisting of a hundred degrees; graduated into a hundred
divisions or equal parts. Specifically: Of or pertaining to
the centigrade thermometer; as, 10[deg] centigrade (or
10[deg] C.).
{Centigrade thermometer}, a thermometer having the zero or 0
at the point indicating the freezing state of water, and
the distance between that and the point indicating the
boiling state of water divided into one hundred degrees.
It is called also the {Celsius thermometer}, from Anders
Celsius, the originator of this scale.
Centigram \Cen"ti*gram\, Centigramme \Cen"ti*gramme\, n. [F.
centigramme; centi- (L. centum) + gramme. See {Gram}.]
The hundredth part of a gram; a weight equal to .15432 of a
grain. See {Gram}.
Centiliter \Cen"ti*li`ter\, Centilitre \Cen"ti*li`tre\, n. [F.
centilitre; centi (L. centum) + litre. See {Liter}.]
The hundredth part of a liter; a measure of volume or
capacity equal to a little more than six tenths (0.6102) of a
cubic inch, or one third (0.338) of a fluid ounce.
Centiloquy \Cen*til"o*quy\, n. [L. centum hundred + logui to
speak.]
A work divided into a hundred parts. [R.] --Burton.
Centime \Cen`time"\, n. [F., fr. L. centesimus. See
{Centesimal}.] (F. Coinage)
The hundredth part of a franc; a small French copper coin and
money of account.
Centimeter \Cen"ti*me`ter\, Centimetre \Cen"ti*me`tre\, n. [F.
centim[`e]tre; centi- (L. centum) + m[`e]tre. See {Meter}.]
The hundredth part of a meter; a measure of length equal to
rather more than thirty-nine hundredths (0.3937) of an inch.
See {Meter}.
Centinel \Cen"ti*nel\, n.
Sentinel. [Obs.] --Sackville.
Centinody \Cen*tin"o*dy\, n. [L. centum a hundred + nodus knot:
cf. F. centinode.] (Bot.)
A weed with a stem of many joints ({Illecebrum
verticillatum}); also, the {Polygonum aviculare} or
knotgrass.
Centiped \Cen"ti*ped\, n. [L. centipeda; centum a hundred + pes,
pedis, foot: cf. F. centip[`e]de.] (Zo["o]l.)
A species of the Myriapoda; esp. the large, flattened,
venomous kinds of the order Chilopoda, found in tropical
climates. they are many-jointed, and have a great number of
feet. [Written also {centipede} (?).]
Centistere \Cen"ti*stere\, n. [F. centist[`e]re; centi- (l.
centum) + st[`e]re.]
The hundredth part of a stere, equal to .353 cubic feet.
Centner \Cent"ner\, n. [Cf. G. centner a hundred-weight, fr. L.
centenarius of a hundred, fr. centum a hundred.]
1. (Metal. & Assaying) A weight divisible first into a
hundred parts, and then into smaller parts.
Note: The metallurgists use a weight divided into a hundred
equal parts, each one pound; the whole they call a
centner: the pound is divided into thirty-two parts, or
half ounces; the half ounce into two quarters; and each
of these into two drams. But the assayers use different
weights. With them a centner is one dram, to which the
other parts are proportioned.
2. The commercial hundredweight in several of the continental
countries, varying in different places from 100 to about
112 pounds.
Cento \Cen"to\, n.; pl. {Centos}. [L. cento a garment of several
pieces sewed together, patchwork, a poem made up of various
verses of another poem.]
A literary or a musical composition formed by selections from
different authors disposed in a new order.
Centonism \Cen"to*nism\, n.
The composition of a cento; the act or practice of composing
a cento or centos.
Central \Cen"tral\, a. [L. centralis, fr. centrum: cf. F.
central. See {Center}.]
Relating to the center; situated in or near the center or
middle; containing the center; of or pertaining to the parts
near the center
; equidistant or equally accessible from certain points.
{Central force} (Math.), a force acting upon a body towards
or away from a fixed or movable center.
{Center sun} (Astron.), a name given to a hypothetical body
about which M["a]dler supposed the solar system together
with all the stars in the Milky Way, to be revolving. A
point near Alcyone in the Pleiades was supposed to possess
characteristics of the position of such a body.
Central \Cen"tral\, Centrale \Cen*tra"le\, n. [NL. centrale, fr.
L. centralis.] (Anat.)
The central, or one of the central, bones of the carpus or or
tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is represented by the
navicular.
Centralism \Cen"tral*ism\, n.
1. The state or condition of being central; the combination
of several parts into one whole; centralization.
2. The system by which power is centralized, as in a
government.
Centrality \Cen*tral"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Centralities}.
The state of being central; tendency towards a center.
Meantime there is a great centrality, a centripetence
equal to the centrifugence. --R. W.
Emerson.
Centralization \Cen`tral*i*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. centralisation.]
The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being
centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing
several parts into a whole; as, the centralization of power
in the general government; the centralization of commerce in
a city.
Centralize \Cen"tral*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Centralized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Centralizing}.] [Cf. F. centraliser.]
To draw or bring to a center point; to gather into or about a
center; to bring into one system, or under one control.
[To] centralize the power of government. --Bancroft.
Centrally \Cen"tral*ly\, adv.
In a central manner or situation.
Centre \Cen"tre\, n. & v.
See {Center}.
Centric \Cen"tric\, Centrical \Cen"tric*al\, a.
Placed in the center or middle; central.
At York or some other centrical place. --Sir W.
Scott.
-- {Cen"tric*al*ly}, adv. -- {Cen"tric*al*ness}, n.
Centricity \Cen*tric"i*ty\, n.
The state or quality of being centric; centricalness.
Centrifugal \Cen*trif"u*gal\, a. [L. centrum center + fugere to
flee.]
1. Tending, or causing, to recede from the center.
2. (Bot.)
(a) Expanding first at the summit, and later at the base,
as a flower cluster.
(b) Having the radicle turned toward the sides of the
fruit, as some embryos.
{Centrifugal force} (Mech.), a force whose direction is from
a center.
Note: When a body moves in a circle with uniform velocity, a
force must act on the body to keep it in the circle
without change of velocity. The direction of this force
is towards the center of the circle. If this force is
applied by means of a string to the body, the string
will be in a state of tension. To a person holding the
other end of the string, this tension will appear to be
directed toward the body as if the body had a tendency
to move away from the center of the circle which it is
describing. Hence this latter force is often called
centrifugal force. The force which really acts on the
body being directed towards the center of the circle is
called centripetal force, and in some popular treatises
the centripetal and centrifugal forces are described as
opposing and balancing each other. But they are merely
the different aspects of the same stress. --Clerk
Maxwell.
{Centrifugal impression} (Physiol.), an impression (motor)
sent from a nerve center outwards to a muscle or muscles
by which motion is produced.
{Centrifugal machine}, A machine for expelling water or other
fluids from moist substances, or for separating liquids of
different densities by centrifugal action; a whirling
table.
{Centrifugal pump}, a machine in which water or other fluid
is lifted and discharged through a pipe by the energy
imparted by a wheel or blades revolving in a fixed case.
Some of the largest and most powerful pumps are of this
kind.
Centrifugal \Cen*trif"u*gal\, n.
A centrifugal machine.
Centrifugence \Cen*trif"u*gence\, n.
The property or quality of being centrifugal. --R. W.
Emerson.
Centring \Cen"tring\, n.
See {Centring}.
Centripetal \Cen*trip"e*tal\, a. [L. centrum center + petere to
move toward.]
1. Tending, or causing, to approach the center.
2. (Bot.)
(a) Expanding first at the base of the inflorescence, and
proceeding in order towards the summit.
(b) Having the radicle turned toward the axis of the
fruit, as some embryos.
3. Progressing by changes from the exterior of a thing toward
its center; as, the centripetal calcification of a bone.
--R. Owen.
{Centripetal force} (Mech.), a force whose direction is
towards a center, as in case of a planet revolving round
the sun, the center of the system, See {Centrifugal
force}, under {Centrifugal}.
{Centripetal impression} (Physiol.), an impression (sensory)
transmitted by an afferent nerve from the exterior of the
body inwards, to the central organ.
Centripetence \Cen*trip"e*tence\, n.
Centripetency.
Centripetency \Cen*trip"e*ten*cy\, n.
Tendency toward the center.
Centriscoid \Cen*tris"coid\, a. [NL. Centriscus (r. Gr. ? a kind
of fish) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Allied to, or resembling, the genus {Centriscus}, of which
the bellows fish is an example.
Centrobaric \Cen`tro*bar"ic\, a. [Gr. (?) ? a treatise of
Archimedes on finding the center of gravity, fr. ?
gravitating toward the center; ? center + ? weight.]
Relating to the center of gravity, or to the process of
finding it.
{Centrobaric method} (Math.), a process invented for the
purpose of measuring the area or the volume generated by
the rotation of a line or surface about a fixed axis,
depending upon the principle that every figure formed by
the revolution of a line or surface about such an axis has
for measure the product of the line or surface by the
length of the path of its center of gravity; -- sometimes
called {theorem of Pappus}, also, incorrectly, {Guldinus's
properties}. See {Barycentric calculus}, under {Calculus}.
Centrode \Cen"trode\, n. (Kinematics)
In two figures having relative motion, one of the two curves
which are the loci of the instantaneous center.
Centroid \Cen"troid\, n. [L. centrum + -oid.]
The center of mass, inertia, or gravity of a body or system
of bodies.
Centrolecithal \Cen`tro*lec"i*thal\, a. [Gr. ? center + ? yolk
of an egg.] (Biol.)
Having the food yolk placed at the center of the ovum,
segmentation being either regular or unequal. --Balfour.
Centrolinead \Cen`tro*lin"e*ad\, n.
An instrument for drawing lines through a point, or lines
converging to a center.
Centrolineal \Cen`tro*lin"e*al\, a. [L. centrum + linea line.]
Converging to a center; -- applied to lines drawn so as to
meet in a point or center.
Centrosome \Cen"tro*some`\, n. [Gr. ? center + -? the body.]
(Biol.)
A peculiar rounded body lying near the nucleus of a cell. It
is regarded as the dynamic element by means of which the
machinery of cell division is organized.
Centrostaltic \Cen`tro*stal"tic\, a. [Gr. ? center + ?
checking.] (Physiol.)
A term applied to the action of nerve force in the spinal
center. --Marshall Hall.
Centrum \Cen"trum\, n.; pl. E. {Centrums}, L. {Centra}. [L.,
center.] (Anat.)
The body, or axis, of a vertebra. See {Vertebra}.
Centry \Cen"try\, n.
See {Sentry}. [Obs.] --Gray.
Centumvir \Cen*tum"vir\, n.; pl. {Centumviri}. [L., fr. centum
hundred + Vir man.] (Rom. Hist.)
One of a court of about one hundred judges chosen to try
civil suits. Under the empire the court was increased to 180,
and met usually in four sections.
Centumviral \Cen*tum"vi*ral\, a. [L. centumvitalis.]
Of or pertaining to the centumviri, or to a centumvir.
Centumvirate \Cen*tum"vi*rate\, n. [Cf. F. centumvirat.]
The office of a centumvir, or of the centumviri.
Centuple \Cen"tu*ple\, a. [L. centuplex; centum + plicare to
fold; cf. F. centuple.]
Hundredfold.
Centuple \Cen"tu*ple\, v. t.
To increase a hundredfold.
Centuplicate \Cen*tu"pli*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Centuplicated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Centuplicating}.] [L.
centuplicare. See {Centuple}, a.]
To make a hundredfold; to repeat a hundred times. [R.]
--Howell.
Centurial \Cen*tu"ri*al\, a. [L. See {Century}.]
Of or pertaining to a century; as, a centurial sermon. [R.]
Centuriate \Cen*tu"ri*ate\, a. [L. centuriatus, p. p. of
centuriare to divide (men) into centuries.]
Pertaining to, or divided into, centuries or hundreds. [R.]
--Holland.
Centuriate \Cen*tu"ri*ate\, v. t. [See {century}.]
To divide into hundreds. [Obs.]
Centuriator \Cen*tu"ri*a`tor\, Centurist \Cen"tu*rist\, n. [Cf.
F. centuriateur.]
An historian who distinguishes time by centuries, esp. one of
those who wrote the ``Magdeburg Centuries.'' See under
{Century}. [R.]
Centurion \Cen*tu"ri*on\, n. [L. centurio, fr. centuria; cf. F.
centurion. See {Century}.] (Rom. Hist.)
A military officer who commanded a minor division of the
Roman army; a captain of a century.
A centurion of the hand called the Italian band. --Acts
x. 1.
Century \Cen"tu*ry\, n.; pl. {Centuries}. [L. centuria (in
senses 1 & 3), fr. centum a hundred: cf. F. centurie. See
{Cent}.]
1. A hundred; as, a century of sonnets; an aggregate of a
hundred things. [Archaic.]
And on it said a century of prayers. --Shak.
2. A period of a hundred years; as, this event took place
over two centuries ago.
Note: Century, in the reckoning of time, although often used
in a general way of any series of hundred consecutive
years (as, a century of temperance work), usually
signifies a division of the Christian era, consisting
of a period of one hundred years ending with the
hundredth year from which it is named; as, the first
century ({a}. {d}. 1-100 inclusive); the seventh
century ({a}.{d}. 601-700); the eighteenth century
({a}.{d}. 1701-1800). With words or phrases connecting
it with some other system of chronology it is used of
similar division of those eras; as, the first century
of Rome (A.U.C. 1-100).
3. (Rom. Antiq.)
(a) A division of the Roman people formed according to
their property, for the purpose of voting for civil
officers.
(b) One of sixty companies into which a legion of the army
was divided. It was Commanded by a centurion.
{Century plant} (Bot.), the {Agave Americana}, formerly
supposed to flower but once in a century; -- hence the
name. See {Agave}.
{The Magdeburg Centuries}, an ecclesiastical history of the
first thirteen centuries, arranged in thirteen volumes,
compiled in the 16th century by Protestant scholars at
Magdeburg.
Cepevorous \Ce*pev"o*rous\, a. [L. cepa an onion + varare to
devour.]
Feeding upon onions. [R.] --Sterling.
Cephalad \Ceph"a*lad\, adv. [Gr. ? head + L. ad toward.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Forwards; towards the head or anterior extremity of the body;
opposed to caudad.
Cephalalgia \Ceph`a*lal"gi*a\, Cephalalgy \Ceph"a*lal`gy\, n.
[L. cephalalgia, Gr. ?; ? + ? pain: cf. F. c['e]phalalgie.]
(Med.)
Pain in the head; headache.
Cephalalgic \Ceph`a*lal"gic\, a. [L. cephalalgicus, Gr. ?.]
(Med.)
Relating to, or affected with, headache. -- n. A remedy for
the headache.
Cephalanthium \Ceph`a*lan"thi*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ?
flower.] (Bot.)
Same as {Anthodium}.
Cephalaspis \Ceph`a*las"pis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? head + ? a
shield.] (Paleon.)
A genus of fossil ganoid fishes found in the old red
sandstone or Devonian formation. The head is large, and
protected by a broad shield-shaped helmet prolonged behind
into two lateral points.
Cephalata \Ceph`a*la"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? head.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large division of Mollusca, including all except the
bivalves; -- so called because the head is distinctly
developed. See Illustration in Appendix.
Cephalate \Ceph"a*late\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a head.
Cephalic \Ce*phal"ic\, a. [L. cephalicus, Gr. ?, fr. ? head: cf.
F. c['e]phalique.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the head. See the Note under {Anterior}.
{Cephalic index} (Anat.), the ratio of the breadth of the
cranium to the length, which is taken as the standard, and
equal to 100; the breadth index.
{Cephalic vein}, a large vein running from the back of the
head alond the arm; -- so named because the ancients used
to open it for disorders of the head. --Dunglison.
Cephalic \Ce*pha"lic\, n.
A medicine for headache, or other disorder in the head.
Cephalitis \Ceph`a*li"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? head + -itis.]
(Med.)
Same as {Phrenitis}.
Cephalization \Ceph`a*li*za"tion\, n.
Domination of the head in animal life as expressed in the
physical structure; localization of important organs or parts
in or near the head, in animal development. --Dana.
Cephalo \Ceph"a*lo\ [Gr. ? head.]
A combining form denoting the head, of the head, connected
with the head; as, cephalosome, cephalopod.
Cephalocercal \Ceph`a*lo*cer"cal\, a. [Cephalo- + Gr. ? tail.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Relating to the long axis of the body.
Cephaloid \Ceph"a*loid\, a. [Cephalo- + -oid.]
Shaped like the head. --Craing.
Cephalology \Ceph`a*lol"o*gy\, n. [Cephalo- + -logy.]
The science which treats of the head.
Cephalomere \Ceph"a*lo*mere\, n. [Cephalo- + -mere.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the somites (arthromeres) which make up the head of
arthropods. --Packard.
Cephalometer \Ceph`a*lom"e*ter\, n. [Cephalo- + -meter.] (Med.)
An instrument measuring the dimensions of the head of a fetus
during delivery.
Cephalon \Ceph"a*lon\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The head.
Cephalophora \Ceph`a*loph"o*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? head + ?
to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
The cephalata.
Cephalopod \Ceph"a*lo*pod\, Cephalopode \Ceph"a*lo*pode\, n.
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cephalopoda.
Cephalopoda \Ceph`a*lop"o*da\, n. pl. [NL., gr. Gr. ? head +
-poda: cf. F. c['e]phalopode.] (Zo["o]l.)
The highest class of Mollusca.
Note: They have, around the front of the head, a group of
elongated muscular arms, which are usually furnished
with prehensile suckers or hooks. The head is highly
developed, with large, well organized eyes and ears,
and usually with a cartilaginous brain case. The higher
forms, as the cuttlefishes, squids, and octopi, swim
rapidly by ejecting a jet of water from the tubular
siphon beneath the head. They have a pair of powerful
horny jaws shaped like a parrot's beak, and a bag of
inklike fluid which they can eject from the siphon,
thus clouding the water in order to escape from their
enemies. They are divided into two orders, the
Dibranchiata, having two gills and eight or ten
sucker-bearing arms, and the Tetrabranchiata, with four
gills and numerous arms without suckers. The latter are
all extinct except the {Nautilus}. See {Octopus},
{Squid}, {Nautilus}.
Cephalopodic \Ceph`a*lo*pod"ic\, Cephalopodous
\Ceph`a*lop"o*dous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to, or resembling, the cephalopods.
Cephaloptera \Ceph`a*lop"te*ra\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? head + ?
wing.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the generic names of the gigantic ray ({Manta
birostris}), known as {devilfish} and {sea devil}. It is
common on the coasts of South Carolina, Florida, and farther
south. Some of them grow to enormous size, becoming twenty
feet of more across the body, and weighing more than a ton.
Cephalosome \Ceph"a*lo*some\, n. [Cephalo- + -some body.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The anterior region or head of insects and other arthropods.
--Packard.
Cephalostyle \Ceph"a*lo*style\, n. [Cephalo- + Gr. ? a pillar.]
(Anat.)
The anterior end of the notochord and its bony sheath in the
base of cartilaginous crania.
Cephalothorax \Ceph`a*lo*tho"rax\, n. [Cephalo- + thorax.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The anterior portion of any one of the Arachnida and higher
Crustacea, consisting of the united head and thorax.
Cephalotome \Ceph"a*lo*tome\, n. [Cephalo- + Gr. ? to cut.]
(Med.)
An instrument for cutting into the fetal head, to facilitate
delivery.
Cephalotomy \Ceph`a*lot"o*my\, n.
1. Dissection or opening of the head.
2. (Med.) Craniotomy; -- usually applied to bisection of the
fetal head with a saw.
Cephalotribe \Ceph"a*lo*tribe\, n. [Cephalo- + Gr. to rub,
grind.]
An obstetrical instrument for performing cephalotripsy.
Cephalotripsy \Ceph"a*lo*trip`sy\, n. [See {Cephalotribe}.]
(Med.)
The act or operation of crushing the head of a fetus in the
womb in order to effect delivery.
Cephalotrocha \Ceph`a*lot"ro*cha\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? head + ?
wheel.] (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of annelid larva with a circle of cilia around the
head.
Cephalous \Ceph"a*lous\, a. [Gr. ? head.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having a head; -- applied chiefly to the Cephalata, a
division of mollusks.
Cepheus \Ce"pheus\, n. (Astron.)
A northern constellation near the pole. Its head, which is in
the Milky Way, is marked by a triangle formed by three stars
of the fourth magnitude. See {Cassiopeia}.
Ceraceous \Ce*ra"ceous\, a. [L. cera wax.]
Having the texture and color of new wax; like wax; waxy.
Cerago \Ce*ra"go\, n. [L. cera wax.]
Beebread.
Ceramic \Ce*ram"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? earthenware. Cf.
{Keramic}.]
Of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making
earthenware; as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for
ceilings.
Ceramics \Ce*ram"ics\, n. [See {Ceramic}.]
1. The art of making things of baked clay; as pottery, tiles,
etc.
2. pl. Work formed of clay in whole or in part, and baked;
as, vases, urns, etc. --Knight.
Cerargyrite \Ce*rar"gy*rite\, n. [Gr. ? horn + ? silver.] (Min.)
Native silver chloride, a mineral of a white to pale yellow
or gray color, darkening on exposure to the light. It may be
cut by a knife, like lead or horn (hence called horn silver).
Cerasin \Cer"a*sin\, n. (Chem.)
A white amorphous substance, the insoluble part of cherry
gum; -- called also {meta-arabinic acid}.
2. (Chem.) A gummy mucilaginous substance; -- called also
{bassorin}, {tragacanthin}, etc.
Cerasinous \Ce*ras"i*nous\, a.
1. Pertaining to, or containing, cerasin.
2. Of a cherry color.
Cerastes \Ce*ras"tes\, n. [L., a horned serpent, fr. Gr. ?
horned, fr. ? horn.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of poisonous African serpents, with a horny scale
over each eye; the horned viper.
Cerate \Ce"rate\, n. [L. ceratum, ceratm, fr. cera wax.] (Med.)
An unctuous preparation for external application, of a
consistence intermediate between that of an ointment and a
plaster, so that it can be spread upon cloth without the use
of heat, but does not melt when applied to the skin.
Note: Cerate consists essentially of wax (for which resin or
spermaceti is sometimes substituted) mixed with oil,
lard, and various medicinal ingredients. The cerate
(formerly called simple cerate) of the United States
Pharmacopoeia is a mixture of three parts of white wax
and seven parts of lard.
Cerated \Ce"ra*ted\, p. a. [L. ceratus, p. p. of cerare to wax,
fr. cera wax.]
Covered with wax.
Ceratine \Cer"a*tine\, a. [Gr. ? the fallacy called ``the
horns.'' fr. ? a horn.] (Lagic.)
Sophistical.
Ceratobranchia \Cer`a*to*bran"chi*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?,
horn + ?, n. pl., gills.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of nudibranchiate Mollusca having on the back
papilliform or branched organs serving as gills.
Ceratobranchial \Cer`a*to*bran"chi*al\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage, below the epibranchial
in a branchial arch. -- n. A ceratobranchial bone, or
cartilage.
Ceratodus \Ce*rat"o*dus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ke`ras, ke`ratos horn
+ ? tooth.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of ganoid fishes, of the order Dipnoi, first known as
Mesozoic fossil fishes; but recently two living species have
been discovered in Australian rivers. They have lungs so well
developed that they can leave the water and breathe in air.
In Australia they are called {salmon} and {baramunda}. See
{Dipnoi}, and {Archipterygium}.
Ceratohyal \Cer`a*to*hy"al\, a. [Gr. ? horn + the letter Y.]
(Anat.)
Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage, below the epihyal in
the hyoid arch. -- n. A ceratohyal bone, or cartilage, which,
in man, forms one of the small horns of the hyoid.
Ceratosaurus \Cer`a*to*sau"rus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ke`ras a horn
+ ? lizard.] (Paleon.)
A carnivorous American Jurassic dinosaur allied to the
European Megalosaurus. The animal was nearly twenty feet in
length, and the skull bears a bony horn core on the united
nasal bones. See Illustration in Appendix.
Ceratospongiae \Cer`a*to*spon"gi*[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
ke`ras, ke`ratos horn + ? sponge.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of sponges in which the skeleton consists of horny
fibers. It includes all the commercial sponges.
Ceraunics \Ce*rau"nics\, n. [Gr. ? thunder and lightning.]
That branch of physics which treats of heat and electricity.
--R. Park.
Ceraunoscope \Ce*rau"no*scope\, n. [Gr. ? thunder and lightning
+ -scope.]
An instrument or apparatus employed in the ancient mysteries
to imitate thunder and lightning. --T. Moore.
Cerberean \Cer*be"re*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to, or resembling, Cerberus. [Written also
{Cerberian}.]
With wide Cerberean mouth. --Milton.
Cerberus \Cer"be*rus\, n. [L. Cerberus (in sense 1), gr. ?.]
1. (Class. Myth.) A monster, in the shape of a three-headed
dog, guarding the entrance into the infernal regions,
Hence: Any vigilant custodian or guardian, esp. if surly.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of East Indian serpents, allied to the
pythons; the bokadam.
Cercal \Cer"cal\, a. [Gr. ? tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the tail.
Cercaria \Cer*ca"ri*a\, n.; pl. {Cercarle} [NL., fr. Gr. ?
tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
The larval form of a trematode worm having the shape of a
tadpole, with its body terminated by a tail-like appendage.
Cercarian \Cer*ca"ri*an\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of, like, or pertaining to, the Cercari[ae]. -- n. One of the
Cercari[ae].
Cercopod \Cer"co*pod\, n. [Gr. ? tail + -pod.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the jointed antenniform appendages of the posterior
somites of certain insects. --Packard.
Cercus \Cer"cus\, n.; pl. {Cerci}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? tail.]
(Zo["o]l.)
See {Cercopod}.
Cere \Cere\, n. [L. cera wax: cf. F. cire.] (Zo["o]l.)
The soft naked sheath at the base of the beak of birds of
prey, parrots, and some other birds. See {Beak}.
Cere \Cere\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cering}.] [L. cerare, fr. cera wax: cf. F. cirer.]
To wax; to cover or close with wax. --Wiseman.
Cereal \Ce"re*al\, a. [L. Cerealis pert. to Ceres, and hence, to
agriculture. See {Ceres}.]
Of or pertaining to the grasses which are cultivated for
their edible seeds (as wheat, maize, rice, etc.), or to their
seeds or grain.
Cereal \Ce"re*al\ n.
Any grass cultivated for its edible grain, or the grain
itself; -- usually in the plural.
Cerealia \Ce`re*a"li*a\, n. pl. [L. See {Cereal}.]
1. (Antiq.) Public festivals in honor of Ceres.
2. The cereals. --Crabb.
Cerealin \Ce"re*a*lin\, n. (Chem.)
A nitrogenous substance closely resembling diastase, obtained
from bran, and possessing the power of converting starch into
dextrin, sugar, and lactic acid. --Watts.
Cerebel \Cer"e*bel\, n.
The cerebellum. --Derham.
Cerebellar \Cer`e*bel"lar\, Cerebellous \Cer`e*bel"lous\, a.
(Anat.)
Pertaining to the cerebellum.
Cerebellum \Cer`e*bel"lum\, n.; pl. E. {Cerebellums}, L.
{Cerebella}. [L., dim. of cerebrum brain.] (Anat.)
The large lobe of the hind brain in front of and above the
medulla; the little brain. It controls combined muscular
action. See {Brain}.
Cerebral \Cer"e*bral\, a. [L. cerebrum brain; akin to Gr. ?
head: cf. F. c['e]r['e]bral. See {Cheer}.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the cerebrum.
{Cerebral apoplexy}. See under {Apoplexy}.
Cerebral \Cer"e*bral\, n. [A false translation of the Skr.
m[=u]rdhanya, lit., head-sounds.]
One of a class of lingual consonants in the East Indian
languages. See {Lingual}, n.
Note: Prof. W. D. Whitney calls these letters linguals, and
this is their usual designation in the United States.
Cerebralism \Cer"e*bral*ism\, n. (Philos.)
The doctrine or theory that psychical phenomena are functions
or products of the brain only.
Cerebralist \Cer"e*bral*ist\, n.
One who accepts cerebralism.
Cerebrate \Cer"e*brate\, v. i. (Physiol.)
To exhibit mental activity; to have the brain in action.
Cerebration \Cer`e*bra"tion\, n.
Action of the brain, whether conscious or unconscious.
Cerebric \Cer"e*bric\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the brain.
{Cerebric acid} (Physiol. Chem.), a name formerly sometimes
given to cerebrin.
Cerebricity \Cer`e*bric"i*ty\, n.
Brain power. [R.]
Cerebriform \Ce*reb"ri*form\, a. [Cerebrum + -form.]
Like the brain in form or substance.
Cerebrifugal \Cer`e*brif"u*gal\, a. [Cerebrum + L. fugere to
flee.] (Physiol.)
Applied to those nerve fibers which go from the brain to the
spinal cord, and so transfer cerebral impulses (centrifugal
impressions) outwards.
Cerebrin \Cer"e*brin\, n. [From {Cerebrum}.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A nonphosphorized, nitrogenous substance, obtained from brain
and nerve tissue by extraction with boiling alcohol. It is
uncertain whether it exists as such in nerve tissue, or is a
product of the decomposition of some more complex substance.
Cerebripetal \Cer`e*brip"e*tal\, a. [Cerebrum + L. petere to
seek.] (Physiol.)
Applied to those nerve fibers which go from the spinal cord
to the brain and so transfer sensations (centripetal
impressions) from the exterior inwards.
Cerebritis \Cer`e*bri"tis\, n. [NL., fr. E. cerebrum + -itis.]
(Med.)
Inflammation of the cerebrum.
Cerebroid \Cer"e*broid\, a. [Cerebrum + -oid.]
Resembling, or analogous to, the cerebrum or brain.
Cerebrology \Cer`e*brol"o*gy\, n. [Cerebrum + -logy.]
The science which treats of the cerebrum or brain.
Cerebropathy \Cer`e*brop"a*thy\, n. [Cerebrum + Gr. ?
suffering.] (Med.)
A hypochondriacal condition verging upon insanity, occurring
in those whose brains have been unduly taxed; -- called also
{brain fag}.
Cerebroscopy \Cer`e*bros"co*py\, n. [Cerebrum + -scopy.] (Med.)
Examination of the brain for the diagnosis of disease; esp.,
the act or process of diagnosticating the condition of the
brain by examination of the interior of the eye (as with an
ophthalmoscope). --Buck.
Cerebrose \Cer`e*brose"\, n. [From {Cerebrum}.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A sugarlike body obtained by the decomposition of the
nitrogenous non-phosphorized principles of the brain.
Cerebro-spinal \Cer`e*bro-spi"nal\, a. [Cerebrum + spinal.]
(Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the central nervous system consisting of
the brain and spinal cord.
{Cerebro-spinal fluid} (Physiol.), a serous fluid secreted by
the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
{Cerebro-spinal meningitis}, {Cerebro-spinal fever} (Med.), a
dangerous epidemic, and endemic, febrile disease,
characterized by inflammation of the membranes of the
brain and spinal cord, giving rise to severe headaches,
tenderness of the back of the neck, paralysis of the
ocular muscles, etc. It is sometimes marked by a cutaneous
eruption, when it is often called spotted fever. It is not
contagious.
Cerebrum \Cer"e*brum\, n.; pl. E. {Cerebrums}, L. {Cerebra}.
[L., the brain.] (Anat.)
The anterior, and in man the larger, division of the brain;
the seat of the reasoning faculties and the will. See
{Brain}.
Cerecloth \Cere"cloth`\, n. [L. cera wax + E. cloth.]
A cloth smeared with melted wax, or with some gummy or
glutinous matter.
Linen, besmeared with gums, in manner of cerecloth.
--Bacon.
Cerement \Cere"ment\, n. [L. cera wax: cf. F. cirement.]
(a) A cerecloth used for the special purpose of enveloping a
dead body when embalmed.
(b) Any shroud or wrapping for the dead.
Ceremonial \Cer`e*mo"ni*al\, a. [L. caerimonialis: cf. F.
c['e]rimonial. See {Ceremony}.]
1. Relating to ceremony, or external rite; ritual; according
to the forms of established rites.
Ceremonial observances and outward show. --Hallam.
2. Observant of forms; ceremonious.
Note: [In this sense ceremonious is now preferred.] --Donne.
He moves in the dull ceremonial track. --Druden.
Ceremonial \Cer`e*mo"ni*al\, n.
1. A system of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by law, or
established by custom, in religious worship, social
intercourse, or the courts of princes; outward form.
The gorgeous ceremonial of the Burgundian court.
--Prescott.
2. The order for rites and forms in the Roman Catholic
church, or the book containing the rules prescribed to be
observed on solemn occasions.
Ceremonialism \Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ism\, n.
Adherence to external rites; fondness for ceremony.
Ceremonially \Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ly\, adv.
According to rites and ceremonies; as, a person ceremonially
unclean.
Ceremonialness \Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ness\, n.
Quality of being ceremonial.
Ceremonious \Cer`e*mo"ni*ous\, a. [Cf. F. c['e]r['e]monieux, L.
Caerimoniosus.]
1. Consisting of outward forms and rites; ceremonial.
Note: [In this sense ceremonial is now preferred.]
The ceremonious part of His worship. --South.
2. According to prescribed or customary rules and forms;
devoted to forms and ceremonies; formally respectful;
punctilious. ``Ceremonious phrases.'' --Addison.
Too ceremonious and traditional. --Shak.
Syn: Formal; precise; exact. See {Formal}.
Ceremoniously \Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ly\, adv.
In a ceremonious way.
Ceremoniousness \Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ness\, n.
The quality, or practice, of being ceremonious.
Ceremony \Cer"e*mo*ny\, n.; pl. {Ceremonies}. [F.
c['e]r['e]monie, L. caerimonia; perh. akin to E. create and
from a root signifying to do or make.]
1. Ar act or series of acts, often of a symbolical character,
prescribed by law, custom, or authority, in the conduct of
important matters, as in the performance of religious
duties, the transaction of affairs of state, and the
celebration of notable events; as, the ceremony of
crowning a sovereign; the ceremonies observed in
consecrating a church; marriage and baptismal ceremonies.
According to all the rites of it, and according to
all the ceremonies thereof shall ye keep it [the
Passover]. --Numb. ix. 3
Bring her up the high altar, that she may The sacred
ceremonies there partake. --Spenser.
[The heralds] with awful ceremony And trumpet's
sound, throughout the host proclaim A solemn
council. --Milton.
2. Behavior regulated by strict etiquette; a formal method of
performing acts of civility; forms of civility prescribed
by custom or authority.
Ceremony was but devised at first To set a gloss on
. . . hollow welcomes . . . But where there is true
friendship there needs none. --Shak.
Al ceremonies are in themselves very silly things;
but yet a man of the world should know them.
--Chesterfield.
3. A ceremonial symbols; an emblem, as a crown, scepter,
garland, etc. [Obs.]
Disrobe the images, If you find them decked with
ceremonies. . . . Let no images Be hung with
C[ae]sar's trophies. --Shak.
4. A sign or prodigy; a portent. [Obs.]
C[ae]sar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet, now they
fright me. --Shak.
{Master of ceremonies}, an officer who determines the forms
to be observed, or superintends their observance, on a
public occasion.
{Not to stand on ceremony}, not to be ceremonious; to be
familiar, outspoken, or bold.
Cereous \Ce"re*ous\, a. [L. cereus, fr. cera was.]
Waxen; like wax. [Obs.] --Gayton.
Ceres \Ce"res\, n. [L., Ceres, also corn, grain, akin to E.
create.]
1. (Class. Myth.) The daughter of Saturn and Ops or Rhea, the
goddess of corn and tillage.
2. (Actron.) The first discovered asteroid.
Ceresin \Cer"e*sin\, n. [L. cera wax.] (Chem.)
A white wax, made by bleaching and purifying ozocerite, and
used as a substitute for beeswax.
Cereus \Ce"re*us\, n. [L., a wax candle, fr. cera wax. So named
from the resemblance of one species to the columnar shape of
a wax candle.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of the Cactus family. They are natives of
America, from California to Chili.
Note: Although several species flower in the night, the name
Night-blooming cereus is specially applied to the
{Cereus grandiflorus}, which is cultivated for its
beautiful, shortlived flowers. The {Cereus giganteus},
whose columnar trunk is sometimes sixty feet in height,
is a striking feature of the scenery of New Mexico,
Texas, etc.
Cerial \Cer"i*al\, a.
Same as {Cerrial}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ceriferous \Ce*rif"er*ous\, a. [L. ra wax + -ferous.]
Producing wax.
Cerin \Ce"rin\, n. [L. cera wax + -in: cf. L. cerinus
wax-colored.]
1. (Chem.) A waxy substance extracted by alcohol or ether
from cork; sometimes applied also to the portion of
beeswax which is soluble in alcohol. --Watts.
2. (Min.) A variety of the mineral allanite.
Cerinthian \Ce*rin"thi*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One of an ancient religious sect, so called from Cerinthus, a
Jew, who attempted to unite the doctrines of Christ with the
opinions of the Jews and Gnostics. --Hook.
Ceriph \Cer"iph\, n. (Type Founding)
One of the fine lines of a letter, esp. one of the fine cross
strokes at the top and bottom of letters. [Spelt also
{seriph}.] --Savage.
Cerise \Ce*rise"\, a. [F., a cherry. See {Cherry}.]
Cherry-colored; a light bright red; -- applied to textile
fabrics, especially silk.
Cerite \Ce"rite\, n. [Gr. ? horn.] (Zo["o]l.)
A gastropod shell belonging to the family {Cerithi["i]d[ae]};
-- so called from its hornlike form.
Cerite \Ce"rite\, n. [From {Cherium}.] (Min.)
A mineral of a brownish of cherry-red color, commonly
massive. It is a hydrous silicate of cerium and allied
metals.
Cerium \Ce"ri*um\, n. [Named by Berzelius in 1803 from the
asteroid Ceres, then just discovered (1801).] (Chem.)
A rare metallic element, occurring in the minerals cerite,
allanite, monazite, etc. Symbol Ce. Atomic weight 141.5. It
resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both
malleable and ductile. It tarnishes readily in the air.
Cernuous \Cer"nu*ous\, a. [L. cernuus with the face turned
toward the earth.] (Bot.)
Inclining or nodding downward; pendulous; drooping; -- said
of a bud, flower, fruit, or the capsule of a moss.
Cero \Ce"ro\, n. [Corrupt. fr. Sp. sierra saw, sawfish, cero.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large and valuable fish of the Mackerel family, of the
genus {Scomberomorus}. Two species are found in the West
Indies and less commonly on the Atlantic coast of the United
States, -- the common cero ({Scomberomorus caballa}), called
also {kingfish}, and spotted, or king, cero ({S. regalis}).
Cerograph \Ce"ro*graph\, n. [Gr. khro`s wax + -graph.]
A writing on wax. --Knight.
Cerographic \Ce`ro*graph"ic\, Cerographical \Ce`ro*graph"ic*al\,
a.
Of or pertaining to cerography.
Cerographist \Ce*rog"ra*phist\, n.
One who practices cerography.
Cerography \Ce*rog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. khro`s wax + -graphy.]
1. The art of making characters or designs in, or with, wax.
2. A method of making stereotype plates from inscribed sheets
of wax.
Cerolite \Cer"o*lite\, n. [Gr. khro`s wax + -lite.] (Min.)
A hydrous silicate of magnesium, allied to serpentine,
occurring in waxlike masses of a yellow or greenish color.
Ceroma \Ce*ro"ma\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? ointment for wrestlers, the
place for wrestling, fr. khroy^n to wax over, fr. khro`s
wax.]
1. The unguent (a composition of oil and wax) with which
wrestlers were anointed among the ancient Romans.
2. (Anc. Arch.) That part of the baths and gymnasia in which
bathers and wrestlers anointed themselves.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The cere of birds.
Ceromancy \Cer"o*man`cy\, n. [Gr. khro`s wax + -mancy.]
Divination by dropping melted wax in water.
Ceroon \Ce*roon"\, n. [See {Seroon}.]
A bale or package. covered with hide, or with wood bound with
hide; as, a ceroon of indigo, cochineal, etc.
Ceroplastic \Ce`ro*plas"tic\, a. [Gr. ? for modeling in wax;
khro`s wax + ? to form, mold.] (Fine arts)
(a) Relating to the art of modeling in wax.
(b) Modeled in wax; as, a ceroplastic figure.
Ceroplastics \Ce`ro*plas"tics\, Ceroplasty \Ce`ro*plas"ty\, n.
[Gr. ? (sc. ? art): cf. F. c['e]roplastique.]
The art of modeling in wax.
Cerosin \Cer"o*sin\, n. [L. cera wax.] (Chem.)
A waxy substance obtained from the bark of the sugar cane,
and crystallizing in delicate white lamin[ae].
Cerote \Ce"rote\, n. [Obs.]
See {Cerate}.
Cerotene \Cer"o*tene\, n. [L. cerotum a pomade. See {Cerate}.]
(Chem.)
A white waxy solid obtained from Chinese wax, and by the
distillation of cerotin.
Cerotic \Ce*rot"ic\, a. [See {Cerotene}.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, beeswax or Chinese wax; as,
cerotic acid or alcohol.
Cerotin \Cer"o*tin\, n. [See {Cerotene}.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance, {C27H55.OH}, obtained from
Chinese wax, and regarded as an alcohol of the marsh gas
series; -- called also {cerotic alcohol}, {ceryl alcohol}.
Cerrial \Cer"ri*al\, a. [L. cerreus, fr. cerrus a kind of oak.]
(Bot.)
Of or pertaining to the cerris.
Chaplets green of cerrial oak. --Dryden.
Cerris \Cer"ris\, n. [L. cerrus.] (Bot.)
A species of oak ({Quercus cerris}) native in the Orient and
southern Europe; -- called also {bitter oak} and {Turkey
oak}.
Certain \Cer"tain\, a. [F. certain, fr. (assumed) LL. certanus,
fr. L. certus determined, fixed, certain, orig. p. p. of
cernere to perceive, decide, determine; akin to Gr. ? to
decide, separate, and to E. concern, critic, crime, riddle a
sieve, rinse, v.]
1. Assured in mind; having no doubts; free from suspicions
concerning.
To make her certain of the sad event. --Dryden.
I myself am certain of you. --Wyclif.
2. Determined; resolved; -- used with an infinitive.
However, I with thee have fixed my lot, Certain to
undergo like doom. --Milton.
3. Not to be doubted or denied; established as a fact.
The dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof
sure. --Dan. ii. 45.
4. Actually existing; sure to happen; inevitable.
Virtue that directs our ways Through certain dangers
to uncertain praise. --Dryden.
Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all.
--Shak.
5. Unfailing; infallible.
I have often wished that I knew as certain a remedy
for any other distemper. --Mead.
6. Fixed or stated; regular; determinate.
The people go out and gather a certain rate every
day. --Ex. xvi. 4.
7. Not specifically named; indeterminate; indefinite; one or
some; -- sometimes used independenty as a noun, and
meaning certain persons.
It came to pass when he was in a certain city.
--Luke. v. 12.
About everything he wrote there was a certain
natural grace und decorum. --Macaulay.
{For certain}, assuredly.
{Of a certain}, certainly.
Syn: Bound; sure; true; undeniable; unquestionable;
undoubted; plain; indubitable; indisputable;
incontrovertible; unhesitating; undoubting; fixed;
stated.
Certain \Cer"tain\, n.
1. Certainty. [Obs.] --Gower.
2. A certain number or quantity. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Certain \Cer"tain\, adv.
Certainly. [Obs.] --Milton.
Certainly \Cer"tain*ly\, adv.
Without doubt or question; unquestionably.
Certainness \Cer"tain*ness\, n.
Certainty.
Certainty \Cer"tain*ty\, n.; pl. {Certainties}. [OF.
certainet['e].]
1. The quality, state, or condition, of being certain.
The certainty of punishment is the truest security
against crimes. --Fisher Ames.
2. A fact or truth unquestionable established.
Certainties are uninteresting and sating. --Landor.
3. (Law) Clearness; freedom from ambiguity; lucidity.
{Of a certainty}, certainly.
Certes \Cer"tes\, adv. [F. certes, for [`a] certes, fr. L.
certus. See {Certain}.]
Certainly; in truth; verily. [Archaic]
Certes it great pity was to see Him his nobility so
foul deface. --Spenser.
Certificate \Cer*tif"i*cate\, n. [F. certificat, fr. LL.
certificatus made certain, p. p. of certificare. See {tify}.]
1. A written testimony to the truth of any fact; as,
certificate of good behavior.
2. A written declaration legally authenticated.
{Trial by certificate}, a trial which the testimony of the
person certifying is the only proper criterion of the
point in dispute; as, when the issue is whether a person
was absent in the army, this is tried by the certificate
of the proper officer in writing, under his seal.
--Blackstone.
Certificate \Cer*tif"i*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Certificated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Certificating}.] [See
{Certify}.]
1. To verify or vouch for by certificate.
2. To furnish with a certificate; as, to certificate the
captain of a vessel; a certificated teacher.
Certification \Cer`ti*fi*ca"tion\, n.[L. certificatio: cf. F.
certification.]
The act of certifying.
Certifier \Cer"ti*fi`er\, n.
One who certifies or assures.
Certify \Cer"ti*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Certified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Certifying}.] [F. certifier, LL. certificare; L.
certus certain + facere to make. See {Certain}, and cf.
{Certificate}, v. t.]
1. To give cetain information to; to assure; to make certain.
We certify the king, that . . . thou shalt have no
portion on this side the river. --Ezra iv. 16.
2. To give certain information of; to make certain, as a
fact; to verify. --Hammond.
The industry of science at once certifies and
greatly extends our knowledge of the vastness of the
creation. --I. Taylor.
3. To testify to in writing; to make a declaration
concerning, in writing, under hand, or hand and seal.
The judges shall certify their opinion to the
chancellor, and upon such certificate the decree is
usually founded. --Blackstone.
{Certified check}, A bank check, the validity of which is
certified by the bank on which it is drawn.
Certiorari \Cer`ti*o*ra"ri\, n. [So named from the emphatic word
certiorari in the Latin form of the writ, which read
certiorar volumus we wish to be certified.] (Law)
A writ issuing out of chancery, or a superior court, to call
up the records of a inferior court, or remove a cause there
depending, in order that the party may have more sure and
speedy justice, or that errors and irregularities may be
corrected. It is obtained upon complaint of a party that he
has not received justice, or can not have an impartial trial
in the inferior court.
Note: A certiorari is the correct process to remove the
proceedings of a court in which cases are tried in a
manner different from the course of the common law, as
of county commissioners. It is also used as an
auxiliary process in order to obtain a full return to
some other process. --Bouvier.
Certitude \Cer"ti*tude\, n. [LL. certitudo, fr. L. certus: cf.
F. certitude. See {Certain}.]
Freedom from doubt; assurance; certainty. --J. H. Newman.
Cerule \Cer"ule\, a. [L. caerulus, eguiv. to caeruleus.]
Blue; cerulean. [Obs.] --Dyer.
Cerulean \Ce*ru"le*an\, a. [L. caeruleus.]
Sky-colored; blue; azure. --Cowper.
Blue, blue, as if that sky let fall
A flower from its cerulean wall. --Bryant.
Ceruleous \Ce*ru"le*ous\, a.
Cerulean. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Cerulific \Cer`u*lif"ic\, a. [L. caerulus dark blue + facere to
make.]
Producing a blue or sky color. [R.]
Cerumen \Ce*ru"men\, n. [NL., fr. L. cera wax.] (Physiol.)
The yellow, waxlike secretion from the glands of the external
ear; the earwax.
Ceruminous \Ce*ru"mi*nous\, a. (Physiol.)
Pertaining to, or secreting, cerumen; as, the ceruminous
glands.
Ceruse \Ce"ruse\, n. [F. c['e]ruse, L. cerussa.]
1. White lead, used as a pigment. See {White lead}, under
{White}.
2. A cosmetic containing white lead.
To distinguish ceruse from natural bloom.
--Macaulay.
3. (Min.) The native carbonate of lead.
Cerused \Ce"rused\, a.
Washed with a preparation of white lead; as, cerused face.
--Beau. & Fl.
Cerusite \Ce"ru*site\, Cerussite \Ce"rus*site\, n. (Min.)
Native lead carbonate; a mineral occurring in colorless,
white, or yellowish transparent crystals, with an adamantine,
also massive and compact.
Cervantite \Cer"van*tite\, n. [Named from Cervantes a town in
Spain.] (Min.)
See under {Antimony}.
Cervelat \Cer"ve*lat\, n. [F.] (Mus.)
An ancient wind instrument, resembling the bassoon in tone.
Cervical \Cer"vi*cal\, a. [L. cervix, -icis, neck: cf. F.
cervical.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the neck; as, the cervical vertebr[ae].
Cervicide \Cer"vi*cide\, n. [L. cervus deer + caedere to kill.]
The act of killing deer; deer-slaying. [R.]
Cervine \Cer"vine\, a. [L. cervinus, fr. cervus deer: cf. F.
cervin.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the deer, or to the family {Cervid[ae]}.
Cervix \Cer"vix\, n.; pl. E. {Cervixes}, L. {Cervices}. [L.]
(Anat.)
The neck; also, the necklike portion of any part, as of the
womb. See Illust. of {Bird}.
Cervus \Cer"vus\, n. [L., a deer.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of ruminants, including the red deer and other allied
species.
Note: Formerly all species of deer were included in the genus
{Cervus}.
Ceryl \Ce"ryl\, n. [L. cera wax + -yl.] (Chem.)
A radical, {C27H55} supposed to exist in several compounds
obtained from Chinese wax, beeswax, etc.
Cesarean \Ce*sa"re*an\, Cesarian \Ce*sa"ri*an\, a.
Same as {C[ae]sarean}, {C[ae]sarian}.
Cesarism \Ce"sar*ism\, n.
See {C[ae]sarism}.
Cespitine \Ces"pi*tine\, n. [L. caespes, caespitis, a turf.]
An oil obtained by distillation of peat, and containing
various members of the pyridine series.
Cespititious \Ces"pi*ti`tious\, a. [L. caespiticius, fr. caespes
turf.]
Same as {Cespitious}. [R.] --Gough.
Cespitose \Ces"pi*tose`\, a. [L. caespes turf.] (Bot.)
Having the form a piece of turf, i. e., many stems from one
rootstock or from many entangled rootstocks or roots.
[Written also {c[ae]spitose}.]
Cespitous \Ces"pi*tous\, a. [See {Cespitose}.]
Pertaining to, consisting, of resembling, turf; turfy.
A cespitous or turfy plant has many stems from the same
root, usually forming a close, thick carpet of matting.
--Martyn.
Cess \Cess\, n. [For sess, conts. from {Assess}.]
1. A rate or tax. [Obs. or Prof. Eng. & Scot.] --Spenser.
2. Bound; measure. [Obs.]
The poor jade is wrung in the withers out of all
cess. --Shak.
Cess \Cess\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cessed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cessing}.]
To rate; to tax; to assess. --Spenser.
Cess \Cess\, v. i. [F. cesser. See {Cease}.]
To cease; to neglect. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Cessant \Ces"sant\a. [L. cessans, p. pr. of cessare. See
{Cease}.]
Inactive; dormant [Obs.] --W. Montagu.
Cessation \Ces*sa"tion\ (s[e^]s*s[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [F.
cessation, L. cessatio, fr. cessare. See {Cease}.]
A ceasing or discontinuance, as of action, whether temporary
or final; a stop; as, a cessation of the war.
The temporary cessation of the papal iniquities.
--Motley.
The day was yearly observed for a festival by cessation
from labor. --Sir J.
Hayward.
{Cessation of arms} (Mil.), an armistice, or truce, agreed to
by the commanders of armies, to give time for a
capitulation, or for other purposes.
Syn: Stop; rest; stay; pause; discontinuance; intermission;
interval; respite; interruption; recess; remission.
Cessavit \Ces*sa"vit\, n. [L., he has ceased.] [O. Eng. Law]
A writ given by statute to recover lands when the tenant has
for two years failed to perform the conditions of his tenure.
Cesser \Ces"ser\, n. [From {Cess}, v. i.] (Law)
a neglect of a tenant to perform services, or make payment,
for two years.
Cessible \Ces"si*ble\, a. [Cf. F. cessible. See {Cession}.]
Giving way; yielding. [Obs.] -- {Ces`si*bil"i*ty}, n. [Obs.]
--Sir K. Digby.
Cession \Ces"sion\, n. [L. cessio, fr. cedere to give way: cf.
F. Cession. See {Cede}.]
1. A yielding to physical force. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. Concession; compliance. [Obs.]
3. A yielding, or surrender, as of property or rights, to
another person; the act of ceding.
A cession of the island of New Orleans. --Bancroft.
4. (Eccl. Law) The giving up or vacating a benefice by
accepting another without a proper dispensation.
5. (Civil Law) The voluntary surrender of a person's effects
to his creditors to avoid imprisonment.
Cessionary \Ces"sion*a*ry\, a. [LL. cessionarius, from
cessionare to cede, fr. L. cessio: cf. F. cessionnaire. See
{Cession}.]
Having surrendered the effects; as, a cessionary bankrupt.
--Martin.
Cessment \Cess"ment\, n. [From {Cess}, v. t.]
An assessment or tax. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Cessor \Ces"sor\, n. [From {Cess}, v. i. Cf. {Cesser}.] (Law)
One who neglects, for two years, to perform the service by
which he holds lands, so that he incurs the danger of the
writ of cessavit. See {Cessavit}. --Cowell.
Cessor \Ces"sor\, n. [From {Cess}, v. t.]
An assessor. [Obs.]
Cesspipe \Cess"pipe`\ (s[e^]s"p[imac]p`), n.
A pipe for carrying off waste water, etc., from a sink or
cesspool. --Knight.
Cesspool \Cess"pool`\ (-p[=oo]l`), n. [See {Sesspol}.]
A cistern in the course, or the termination, of a drain, to
collect sedimentary or superfluous matter; a privy vault; any
receptacle of filth. [Written also {sesspool}.]
Cest \Cest\ (s[e^]st), n. [L. cestus: cf. OF. ceste.]
A woman's girdle; a cestus. [R.] --Collins.
Cestode \Ces"tode\ (s[e^]s"t[=o]d), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Cestoidea. -- n. One of the
Cestoidea.
Cestoid \Ces"toid\ (s[e^]s"toid), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Cestoidea. -- n. One of the
Cestoidea.
Cestoidea \Ces*toid"e*a\ (s[e^]s*toid"[-e]*[.a]), n. pl. [NL.,
gr. Gr. kesto`s girdle + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
A class of parasitic worms (Platelminthes) of which the
tapeworms are the most common examples. The body is
flattened, and usually but not always long, and composed of
numerous joints or segments, each of which may contain a
complete set of male and female reproductive organs. They
have neither mouth nor intestine. See {Tapeworm}. [Written
also {Cestoda}.]
Cestoldean \Ces*told"e*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cestoidea.
Cestraciont \Ces*tra"ci*ont\, n. [Gr. ? a kind of fish.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A shark of the genus {Cestracion}, and of related genera. The
posterior teeth form a pavement of bony plates for crushing
shellfish. Most of the species are extinct. The Port Jackson
shark and a similar one found in California are living
examples.
Cestraciont \Ces*tra"ci*ont\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the genus {Cestracion}.
Cestus \Ces"tus\, n. [L. cestus girdle, Gr. ?, lit., stitched,
embroidered.]
1. (Antiq.) A girdle; particularly that of Aphrodite (or
Venus) which gave the wearer the power of exciting love.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of Ctenophora. The typical species
({Cestus Veneris}) is remarkable for its brilliant
iridescent colors, and its long, girdlelike form.
Cestus \Ces"tus\, n. [L. caestus, and cestus.] (Antiq.)
A covering for the hands of boxers, made of leather bands,
and often loaded with lead or iron.
Cestuy \Ces"tuy\ or Cestui \Ces"tui\, pron. [Norm. F.] (Law)
He; the one.
{Cestuy que trust}[norm. F.], a person who has the equitable
and beneficial interest in property, the legal interest in
which is vested in a trustee. --Wharton.
{Cestuy que use}[Norm. F.], a person for whose use land,
etc., is granted to another.
Cesura \Ce*su"ra\, n.
See {C[ae]sura}.
Cesural \Ce*su"ral\, a.
See {C[ae]sural}.
Cetacea \Ce*ta"ce*a\, n. pl. [NL., from L. cetus whale, Gr. ?.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An order of marine mammals, including the whales. Like
ordinary mammals they breathe by means of lungs, and bring
forth living young which they suckle for some time. The
anterior limbs are changed to paddles; the tail flukes are
horizontal. There are two living suborders:
(a) The {Mysticete} or whalebone whales, having no true teeth
after birth, but with a series of plates of whalebone
[see {Baleen}.] hanging down from the upper jaw on each
side, thus making a strainer, through which they receive
the small animals upon which they feed.
(b) The {Denticete}, including the dolphins and sperm whale,
which have teeth. Another suborder ({Zeuglodontia}) is
extinct. The {Sirenia} were formerly included in the
Cetacea, but are now made a separate order.
Cetacean \Ce*ta"cean\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cetacea.
Cetaceous \Ce*ta"ceous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Cetacea.
Cete \Ce"te\, n. [L., pl.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cetacea, or collectively, the Cetacea.
Cetene \Ce"tene\, n. [See {Cete}.] (Chem.)
An oily hydrocarbon, {C16H32}, of the ethylene series,
obtained from spermaceti.
Ceterach \Cet"e*rach\, n. [F. c['e]t['e]rac, fr. Ar. shetrak.]
(Bot.)
A species of fern with fronds ({Asplenium Ceterach}).
Cetewale \Cet"e*wale\, n. [OF. citoal, F. zedoaire. See
{Zedoary}.]
Same as {Zedoary}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cetic \Ce"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a whale.
Cetin \Ce"tin\, n. [L. cetus whale.] (Chem.)
A white, waxy substance, forming the essential part of
spermaceti.
Cetological \Ce`to*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to cetology.
Cetologist \Ce*tol"o*gist\, a.
One versed in cetology.
Cetology \Ce*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? whale + -logy: cf. F.
c['e]tologie.]
The description or natural history of cetaceous animals.
Cetraric \Ce*trar"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, the lichen, Iceland moss
({Cetaria Islandica}).
{Cetraric acid}. See {Cetrarin}.
Cetrarin \Cet"ra*rin\, n. [From Cetraria Islandica, the
scientific name of Iceland moss.] (Chem.)
A white substance extracted from the lichen, Iceland moss
({Cetraria Islandica}). It consists of several ingredients,
among which is cetraric acid, a white, crystalline, bitter
substance.
Cetyl \Ce"tyl\, n. [Gr. ? whale + -yl.] (Chem.)
A radical, {C16H33}, not yet isolated, but supposed to exist
in a series of compounds homologous with the ethyl compounds,
and derived from spermaceti.
Cetylic \Ce*tyl"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, spermaceti.
{Cetylic alcohol} (Chem.), a white, waxy, crystalline solid,
obtained from spermaceti, and regarded as homologous with
ordinary, or ethyl, alcohol; ethal; -- called also {cetyl
alcohol}.
Ceylanite \Cey"lan*ite\, n. [F., fr. Ceylan Ceylon.] (Min.)
A dingy blue, or grayish black, variety of spinel. It is also
called {pleonaste}. [Written also {ceylonite}.]
Ceylonese \Cey`lon*ese"\, a.
Of or pertaining to Ceylon. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or
natives of Ceylon.
C G S \C. G. S.\
An abbreviation for {Centimeter}, {Gram}, {Second}. --
applied to a system of units much employed in physical
science, based upon the centimeter as the unit of length, the
gram as the unit of weight or mass, and the second as the
unit of time.
Chab \Chab\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The red-bellied wood pecker ({Melanerpes Carolinus}).
Chabasite \Chab"a*site\ (k[a^]b"[.a]*s[imac]t), Cabazite
\Cab"a*zite\ (k[a^]b"[.a]*z[imac]t), n. [Gr. chabazi`os one of
twenty species of stones mentioned in the poem Peri` li`qwn,
ascribed to Orpheus.] (Min.)
A mineral occuring in glassy rhombohedral crystals, varying,
in color from white to yellow or red. It is essentially a
hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Called also {chabasie}.
Chablis \Cha*blis"\, n. [F.]
A white wine made near Chablis, a town in France.
Chabouk \Cha*bouk"\, Chabuk \Cha*buk"\, n. [Hind. ch[=a]buk
horsewhip.]
A long whip, such as is used in the East in the infliction of
punishment. --Balfour.
Chace \Chace\, n.
See 3d {Chase}, n., 3.
Chace \Chace\, v. t.
To pursue. See {Chase} v. t.
Chachalaca \Cha`cha*la"ca\, n. [Native name, prob. given in
imitation of its cry.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Texan guan ({Ortalis vetula}). [written also
{chiacalaca}.]
Chak \Chak\, v. i.
To toss up the head frequently, as a horse to avoid the
restraint of the bridle.
Chacma \Chac"ma\, n. [Native name.]
A large species of African baboon ({Cynocephalus porcarius});
-- called also {ursine baboon}.
Note: [See Illust. of {Baboon}.]
Chaconne \Cha*conne"\, n. [F., fr. Sp. chacona.] (Mus.)
An old Spanish dance in moderate three-four measure, like the
Passacaglia, which is slower. Both are used by classical
composers as themes for variations.
Chad \Chad\, n.
See {Shad}. [Obs.]
Chaetetes \Ch[ae]*te"tes\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? hair.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of fossil corals, common in the lower Silurian
limestones.
Chaetiferous \Ch[ae]*tif"er*ous\, a. [Gr. ? hair + -ferous.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Bearing set[ae].
Chaetodont \Ch[ae]"to*dont\, n. [Gr. ? hair + ?, ?, tooth.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A marine fish of the family {Ch[ae]todontid[ae]}. The
ch[ae]todonts have broad, compressed bodies, and usually
bright colors.
Chaetodont \Ch[ae]to*dont\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Ch[ae]todonts or the family
{Ch[ae]todontid[ae]}.
Chaetognath \Ch[ae]"tog*nath\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Ch[ae]tognatha.
Chaetognatha \Ch[ae]*tog"na*tha\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? hair +
? jaw.] (Zo["o]l)
An order of free-swimming marine worms, of which the genus
{Sagitta} is the type. They have groups of curved spines on
each side of the head.
Chaetopod \Ch[ae]"to*pod\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the Ch[ae]topoda. -- n. One of the
Ch[ae]topoda.
Chaetopoda \Ch[ae]*top"o*da\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? hair +
-poda.] (Zo["o]l.)
A very extensive order of Annelida, characterized by the
presence of lateral set[ae], or spines, on most or all of the
segments. They are divided into two principal groups:
{Oligoch[ae]ta}, including the earthworms and allied forms,
and {Polych[ae]ta}, including most of the marine species.
Chaetotaxy \Ch[ae]"to*tax`y\, n. [Gr. ? hair + ? arrangement.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The arrangement of bristles on an insect.
Chafe \Chafe\ (ch[=a]f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chafed}
(ch[=a]ft); p pr. & vb. n. {Chafing}.] [OE. chaufen to warm,
OF. chaufer, F. chauffer, fr. L. calefacere, calfacere, to
make warm; calere to be warm + facere to make. See
{Caldron}.]
1. To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to
stimulate and make warm.
To rub her temples, and to chafe her skin.
--Spenser.
2. To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate.
Her intercession chafed him. --Shak.
3. To fret and wear by rubbing; as, to chafe a cable.
Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to
prevent its being chafed. --Sir W.
Scott.
Syn: To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.
Chafe \Chafe\, v. i.
To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by
friction.
Made its great boughs chafe together. --Longfellow.
The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores. --Shak.
2. To be worn by rubbing; as, a cable chafes.
3. To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be
irritated. --Spenser.
He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my daughter.
--Shak.
Chafe \Chafe\, n.
1. Heat excited by friction.
2. Injury or wear caused by friction.
3. Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.
The cardinal in a chafe sent for him to Whitehall.
--Camden.
Chafer \Chaf"er\, n.
1. One who chafes.
2. A vessel for heating water; -- hence, a dish or pan.
A chafer of water to cool the ends of the irons.
--Baker.
Chafer \Chaf"er\, n. [AS. ceafor; akin to D. kever, G k["e]fer.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A kind of beetle; the cockchafer. The name is also applied to
other species; as, the rose chafer.
Chafery \Chaf"er*y\, n. [See {Chafe}, v. t.] (Iron Works)
An open furnace or forge, in which blooms are heated before
being wrought into bars.
Chafewax \Chafe"wax`\, or Chaffwax \Chaff"wax`\, n. (Eng. Law)
Formerly a chancery officer who fitted wax for sealing writs
and other documents.
Chafeweed \Chafe"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
The cudweed ({Gnaphalium}), used to prevent or cure chafing.
Chaff \Chaff\, n. [AC. ceaf; akin to D. kaf, G. kaff.]
1. The glumes or husks of grains and grasses separated from
the seed by threshing and winnowing, etc.
So take the corn and leave the chaff behind.
--Dryden.
Old birds are not caught with caff. --Old Proverb.
2. Anything of a comparatively light and worthless character;
the refuse part of anything.
The chaff and ruin of the times. --Shak.
3. Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of cattle.
By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take
more time to eat it. In this way chaff is very
useful. --Ywatt.
4. Light jesting talk; banter; raillery.
5. (Bot.) The scales or bracts on the receptacle, which
subtend each flower in the heads of many Composit[ae], as
the sunflower. --Gray.
{Chaff cutter}, a machine for cutting, up straw, etc., into
``chaff'' for the use of cattle.
Chaff \Chaff\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chaffed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chaffing}.]
To use light, idle language by way of fun or ridicule; to
banter.
Chaff \Chaff\, v. t.
To make fun of; to turn into ridicule by addressing in
ironical or bantering language; to quiz.
Morgan saw that his master was chaffing him.
--Thackeray.
A dozen honest fellows . . . chaffed each other about
their sweethearts. --C. Kingsley.
Chaffer \Chaff"er\, n.
One who chaffs.
Chaffer \Chaf"fer\, n. [OE. chaffare, cheapfare; AS. ce['a]p a
bargain, price + faru a journey; hence, originally, a going
to barain, to market. See {Cheap}, and {Fare}.]
Bargaining; merchandise. [Obs.] --Holished.
Chaffer \Chaf"fer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chaffered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chaffering}.] [OE. chaffaren, fr. chaffare, chapfare,
cheapfare, a bargaining. See {Chaffer}, n.]
1. To treat or dispute about a purchase; to bargain; to
haggle or higgle; to negotiate.
To chaffer for preferments with his gold. --Dryden.
2. To talk much and idly; to chatter. --Trench.
Chaffer \Chaf"fer\, v. t.
1. To buy or sell; to trade in.
He chaffered chairs in which churchmen were set.
--Spenser.
2. To exchange; to bandy, as words. --Spenser.
Chafferer \Chaf"fer*er\, n.
One who chaffers; a bargainer.
Chaffern \Chaf"fern\, n. [See {Chafe}, v. t.]
A vessel for heating water. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Chaffery \Chaf"fer*y\, n.
Traffic; bargaining. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Chaffinch \Chaf"finch\, n. [Cf. {Chiff-chaff}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bird of Europe ({Fringilla c[oe]lebs}), having a variety of
very sweet songs, and highly valued as a cage bird; -- called
also {copper finch}.
Chaffing \Chaff"ing\, n.
The use of light, frivolous language by way of fun or
ridicule; raillery; banter.
Chaffless \Chaff"less\, a.
Without chaff.
Chaffy \Chaff"y\, a.
1. Abounding in, or resembling, chaff.
Chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail.
--Coleridge.
2. Light or worthless as chaff.
Slight and chaffy opinion. --Glanvill.
3. (Bot.)
(a) Resembling chaff; composed of light dry scales.
(b) Bearing or covered with dry scales, as the under
surface of certain ferns, or the disk of some
composite flowers.
Chafing \Chaf"ing\, n. [See {Chafe}, v. t.]
The act of rubbing, or wearing by friction; making by
rubbing.
{Chafing dish}, a dish or vessel for cooking on the table, or
for keeping food warm, either by coals, by a lamp, or by
hot water; a portable grate for coals.
{Chafing gear} (Naut.), any material used to protect sails,
rigging, or the like, at points where they are exposed to
friction.
Chagreen \Cha*green"\, n.
See {Shagreen}.
Chagrin \Cha*grin"\, n. [F., fr. chagrin shagreen, a particular
kind of rough and grained leather; also a rough fishskin used
for graters and files; hence (Fig.), a gnawing, corroding
grief. See {Shagreen}.]
Vexation; mortification.
I must own that I felt rather vexation and chagrin than
hope and satisfaction. --Richard
Porson.
Hear me, and touch Belinda with chagrin. --Pope.
Syn: Vexation; mortification; peevishness; fretfulness;
disgust; disquiet.
Usage: {Chagrin}, {Vexation}, {Mortification}. These words
agree in the general sense of pain produced by
untoward circumstances. Vexation is a feeling of
disquietude or irritating uneasiness from numerous
causes, such as losses, disappointments, etc.
Mortification is a stronger word, and denotes that
keen sense of pain which results from wounded pride or
humiliating occurrences. Chagrin is literally the
cutting pain produced by the friction of Shagreen
leather; in its figurative sense, it varies in
meaning, denoting in its lower degrees simply a state
of vexation, and its higher degrees the keenest sense
of mortification. ``Vexation arises chiefly from our
wishes and views being crossed: mortification, from
our self-importance being hurt; chagrin, from a
mixture of the two.'' --Crabb.
Chagrin \Cha*grin"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chagrined}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chargrining}.] [Cf. F. chagriner See {Chagrin}, n.]
To excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify; as, he was not a
little chagrined.
Chagrin \Cha*grin"\, v. i.
To be vexed or annoyed. --Fielding.
Chagrin \Cha*grin"\, a.
Chagrined. --Dryden.
Chain \Chain\, n. [F. cha[^i]ne, fr. L. catena. Cf. {Catenate}.]
1. A series of links or rings, usually of metal, connected,
or fitted into one another, used for various purposes, as
of support, of restraint, of ornament, of the exertion and
transmission of mechanical power, etc.
[They] put a chain of gold about his neck. --Dan. v.
29.
2. That which confines, fetters, or secures, as a chain; a
bond; as, the chains of habit.
Driven down To chains of darkness and the undying
worm. --Milton.
3. A series of things linked together; or a series of things
connected and following each other in succession; as, a
chain of mountains; a chain of events or ideas.
4. (Surv.) An instrument which consists of links and is used
in measuring land.
Note: One commonly in use is Gunter's chain, which consists
of one hundred links, each link being seven inches and
ninety-two one hundredths in length; making up the
total length of rods, or sixty-six, feet; hence, a
measure of that length; hence, also, a unit for land
measure equal to four rods square, or one tenth of an
acre.
5. pl. (Naut.) Iron links bolted to the side of a vessel to
bold the dead-eyes connected with the shrouds; also, the
channels.
6. (Weaving) The warp threads of a web. --Knight.
{Chain belt} (Mach.), a belt made of a chain; -- used for
transmitting power.
{Chain boat}, a boat fitted up for recovering lost cables,
anchors, etc.
{Chain bolt}
(a) (Naut.) The bolt at the lower end of the chain plate,
which fastens it to the vessel's side.
(b) A bolt with a chain attached for drawing it out of
position.
{Chain bond}. See {Chain timber}.
{Chain bridge}, a bridge supported by chain cables; a
suspension bridge.
{Chain cable}, a cable made of iron links.
{Chain coral} (Zo["o]l.), a fossil coral of the genus
{Halysites}, common in the middle and upper Silurian
rocks. The tubular corallites are united side by side in
groups, looking in an end view like links of a chain. When
perfect, the calicles show twelve septa.
{Chain coupling}.
(a) A shackle for uniting lengths of chain, or connecting
a chain with an object.
(b) (Railroad) Supplementary coupling together of cars
with a chain.
{Chain gang}, a gang of convicts chained together.
{Chain hook} (Naut.), a hook, used for dragging cables about
the deck.
{Chain mail}, flexible, defensive armor of hammered metal
links wrought into the form of a garment.
{Chain molding} (Arch.), a form of molding in imitation of a
chain, used in the Normal style.
{Chain pier}, a pier suspended by chain.
{Chain pipe} (Naut.), an opening in the deck, lined with
iron, through which the cable is passed into the lockers
or tiers.
{Chain plate} (Shipbuilding), one of the iron plates or
bands, on a vessel's side, to which the standing rigging
is fastened.
{Chain pulley}, a pulley with depressions in the periphery of
its wheel, or projections from it, made to fit the links
of a chain.
{Chain pumps}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Chain rule} (Arith.), a theorem for solving numerical
problems by composition of ratios, or compound proportion,
by which, when several ratios of equality are given, the
consequent of each being the same as the antecedent of the
next, the relation between the first antecedent and the
last consequent is discovered.
{Chain shot} (Mil.), two cannon balls united by a shot chain,
formerly used in naval warfare on account of their
destructive effect on a ship's rigging.
{Chain stitch}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Chain timber}. (Arch.) See {Bond timber}, under {Bond}.
{Chain wales}. (Naut.) Same as {Channels}.
{Chain wheel}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Closed chain}, {Open chain} (Chem.), terms applied to the
chemical structure of compounds whose rational formul[ae]
are written respectively in the form of a closed ring (see
{Benzene nucleus}, under {Benzene}), or in an open
extended form.
{Endless chain}, a chain whose ends have been united by a
link.
Chain \Chain\, v. t. [imp. p. p. {Chained} (ch[=a]nd); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chaining}.]
1. To fasten, bind, or connect with a chain; to fasten or
bind securely, as with a chain; as, to chain a bulldog.
Chained behind the hostile car. --Prior.
2. To keep in slavery; to enslave.
And which more blest? who chained his country, say
Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day? --Pope.
3. To unite closely and strongly.
And in this vow do chain my soul to thine. --Shak.
4. (Surveying) To measure with the chain.
5. To protect by drawing a chain across, as a harbor.
Chainless \Chain"less\, a.
Having no chain; not restrained or fettered. ``The chainless
mind.'' --Byron.
Chainlet \Chain"let\, n.
A small chain. --Sir W. Scott.
Chain pump \Chain" pump`\
A pump consisting of an endless chain, running over a drum or
wheel by which it is moved, and dipping below the water to be
raised. The chain has at intervals disks or lifts which fit
the tube through which the ascending part passes and carry
the water to the point of discharge.
Chain stitch \Chain" stitch`\
1. An ornamental stitch like the links of a chain; -- used in
crocheting, sewing, and embroidery.
2. (Machine Sewing) A stitch in which the looping of the
thread or threads forms a chain on the under side of the
work; the loop stitch, as distinguished from the lock
stitch. See {Stitch}.
Chain wheel \Chain" wheel`\
1. A chain pulley, or sprocket wheel.
2. An inversion of the chain pump, by which it becomes a
motor driven by water.
Chainwork \Chain"work`\, n.
Work looped or linked after the manner of a chain; chain
stitch work.
Chair \Chair\, n. [OE. chaiere, chaere, OF. chaiere, chaere, F.
chaire pulpit, fr. L. cathedra chair, armchair, a teacher's
or professor's chair, Gr. ? down + ? seat, ? to sit, akin to
E. sit. See {Sit}, and cf. {Cathedral}, {chaise}.]
1. A movable single seat with a back.
2. An official seat, as of a chief magistrate or a judge, but
esp. that of a professor; hence, the office itself.
The chair of a philosophical school. --Whewell.
A chair of philology. --M. Arnold.
3. The presiding officer of an assembly; a chairman; as, to
address the chair.
4. A vehicle for one person; either a sedan borne upon poles,
or two-wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse; a gig.
--Shak.
Think what an equipage thou hast in air, And view
with scorn two pages and a chair. --Pope.
5. An iron block used on railways to support the rails and
secure them to the sleepers.
{Chair days}, days of repose and age.
{To put into the chair}, to elect as president, or as
chairman of a meeting. --Macaulay.
{To take the chair}, to assume the position of president, or
of chairman of a meeting.
Chair \Chair\, v. t. [imp. & p. pr. {Chaired}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chairing}.]
1. To place in a chair.
2. To carry publicly in a chair in triumph. [Eng.]
Chairman \Chair"man\, n.; pl. {Chairmen}.
1. The presiding officer of a committee, or of a public or
private meeting, or of any organized body.
2. One whose business it is to cary a chair or sedan.
Breaks watchmen's heads and chairmen's glasses.
--Prior.
Chairmanship \Chair"man*ship\, n.
The office of a chairman of a meeting or organized body.
Chaise \Chaise\ (sh[=a]z), n. [F. chaise seat, or chair, chaise
or carriage, for chaire, from a peculiar Parisian
pronunciation. See {Chair}.]
1. A two-wheeled carriage for two persons, with a calash top,
and the body hung on leather straps, or thorough-braces.
It is usually drawn by one horse.
2. Loosely, a carriage in general. --Cowper.
Chaja \Cha"ja\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The crested screamer of Brazil ({Palamedea, or Chauna,
chavaria}), so called in imitation of its notes; -- called
also {chauna}, and {faithful kamichi}. It is often
domesticated and is useful in guarding other poultry. See
{Kamichi}.
Chalaza \Cha*la"za\, n.; pl. E. {Chalazas}, L. {Chalaz[ae]}.
[NL., fr. Gr. ? hail, pimple.]
1. (Bot.) The place on an ovule, or seed, where its outer
coats cohere with each other and the nucleus.
2. (Biol.) A spiral band of thickened albuminous substance
which exists in the white of the bird's egg, and serves to
maintain the yolk in its position; the treadle.
Chalazal \Cha*la"zal\, a.
Of or pertaining to the chalaza.
Chalaze \Cha*laze"\, n.
Same as {Chalaza}.
Chalaziferous \Chal`a*zif"er*ous\, a. [Chalaza + -ferous.]
Having or bearing chalazas.
Chalazion \Cha*la"zi*on\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? dim. of ? hail,
pimple.] (Med.)
A small circumscribed tumor of the eyelid caused by retention
of secretion, and by inflammation of the Melbomian glands.
Chalcanthite \Chal*can"thite\, n. [L. chalcanthum a solution of
blue vitriol, Gr. ?.] (Min.)
Native blue vitriol. See {Blue vitriol}, under {Blue}.
Chalcedonic \Chal"ce*don"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to chalcedony.
Chalcedony \Chal*ced"o*ny\ (k[a^]l*s[e^]d"[-o]*n[y^] or
k[a^]l"s[-e]*d[-o]*n[y^]; 277), n.; pl. {Chalcedonies}
(-n[i^]z). [ L. chalcedonius, fr. Gr. CHalkhdw`n Chalcedon, a
town in Asia Minor, opposite to Byzantium: cf. calc['e]doine,
OE. calcidoine, casidoyne. Cf. {Cassidony}.] (Min.)
A cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, having
usually a whitish color, and a luster nearly like wax.
[Written also {calcedony}.]
Note: When chalcedony is variegated with with spots or
figures, or arranged in differently colored layers, it
is called {agate}; and if by reason of the thickness,
color, and arrangement of the layers it is suitable for
being carved into cameos, it is called {onyx}.
{Chrysoprase} is green chalcedony; {carnelian}, a flesh
red, and {sard}, a brownish red variety.
Chalchihuitl \Chal`chi*huitl"\ (ch[.a]l`ch[-e]*w[-e]tl"), n.
(Min.)
The Mexican name for turquoise. See {Turquoise}.
Chalcid fly \Chal"cid fly`\ [From Gr. chalko`s copper; in
allusion to its metallic colors.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of a numerous family of hymenopterous insects
({Chalcidid[ae]}. Many are gallflies, others are parasitic on
insects.
Chalcidian \Chal*cid"i*an\, n. [L. chalcis a lizard, Gr.
chalki`s.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of a tropical family of snakelike lizards
({Chalcid[ae]}), having four small or rudimentary legs.
Chalcocite \Chal"co*cite\, n. [Gr. chalko`s brass.] (Min.)
Native copper sulphide, called also {copper glance}, and
{vitreous copper}; a mineral of a black color and metallic
luster. [Formerly written {chalcosine}.]
Chalcographer \Chal*cog"ra*pher\, Chalcographist
\Chal*cog"ra*phist\, n.
An engraver on copper or brass; hence, an engraver of copper
plates for printing upon paper.
Chalcography \Chal*cog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. chalko`s copper, brass +
-graphy.]
The act or art of engraving on copper or brass, especially of
engraving for printing.
Chalcopyrite \Chal`co*pyr"ite\, n. [Gr. chalko`s brass + E.
pyrite. So named from its color.] (Min.)
Copper pyrites, or yellow copper ore; a common ore of copper,
containing copper, iron, and sulphur. It occurs massive and
in tetragonal crystals of a bright brass yellow color.
Chaldaic \Chal*da"ic\, a. [L. Chaldaicus.]
Of or pertaining to Chaldea. -- n. The language or dialect of
the Chaldeans; Chaldee.
Chaldaism \Chal"da*ism\, n.
An idiom or peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.
Chaldean \Chal*de"an\, a. [L. Chaldaeus.]
Of or pertaining to Chaldea. -- n.
(a) A native or inhabitant of Chaldea.
(b) A learned man, esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the
Eastern nations, because astrology and the kindred arts
were much cultivated by the Chaldeans.
(c) Nestorian.
Chaldee \Chal"dee\, a.
Of or pertaining to Chaldea. -- n. The language or dialect of
the Chaldeans; eastern Aramaic, or the Aramaic used in
Chaldea.
{Chaldee Paraphrase}, A targum written in Aramaic.
Chaldrich \Chal"drich\, Chalder \Chal"der\, n. [Icel. tjaldr.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A kind of bird; the oyster catcher.
Chaldron \Chal"dron\, n. [OF. chaldron, F. chaudron kettle. The
same word as caldron.]
An English dry measure, being, at London, 36 bushels heaped
up, or its equivalent weight, and more than twice as much at
Newcastle. Now used exclusively for coal and coke.
Note: In the United States the chaldron is ordinarily 2,940
lbs, but at New York it is 2,500 lbs. --De Colange.
Chalet \Cha*let"\, n. [F.]
1. A herdsman's hut in the mountains of Switzerland.
Chalets are summer huts for the Swiss herdsmen.
--Wordsworth.
2. A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss mountains;
any country house built in the style of the Swiss
cottages.
Chalice \Chal"ice\, n. [OR. chalis, calice, OF. chalice, calice,
F. calice, fr. L. calix, akin to Gr. ? and E. helmet. Cf.
{Calice}, {Calyx}.]
A cup or bowl; especially, the cup used in the sacrament of
the Lord's Supper.
Chaliced \Chal"iced\, a.
Having a calyx or cup; cup-shaped. ``Chaliced flowers.''
--Shak.
Chalk \Chalk\, n. [AS. cealc lime, from L. calx limestone. See
{Calz}, and {Cawk}.]
1. (Min.) A soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or
yellowish white color, consisting of calcium carbonate,
and having the same composition as common limestone.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared chalk, used as a drawing
implement; also, by extension, a compound, as of clay and
black lead, or the like, used in the same manner. See
{Crayon}.
{Black chalk}, a mineral of a bluish color, of a slaty
texture, and soiling the fingers when handled; a variety
of argillaceous slate.
{By a long chalk}, by a long way; by many degrees. [Slang]
--Lowell.
{Chalk drawing} (Fine Arts), a drawing made with crayons. See
{Crayon}.
{Chalk formation}. See {Cretaceous formation}, under
{Cretaceous}.
{Chalk line}, a cord rubbed with chalk, used for making
straight lines on boards or other material, as a guide in
cutting or in arranging work.
{Chalk mixture}, a preparation of chalk, cinnamon, and sugar
in gum water, much used in diarrheal affection, esp. of
infants.
{Chalk period}. (Geol.) See {Cretaceous period}, under
{Cretaceous}.
{Chalk pit}, a pit in which chalk is dug.
{Drawing chalk}. See {Crayon}, n., 1.
{French chalk}, steatite or soapstone, a soft magnesian
mineral.
{Red chalk}, an indurated clayey ocher containing iron, and
used by painters and artificers; reddle.
Chalk \Chalk\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chalked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chalking}.]
1. To rub or mark with chalk.
2. To manure with chalk, as land. --Morimer.
3. To make white, as with chalk; to make pale; to bleach.
--Tennyson.
Let a bleak paleness chalk the door. --Herbert.
{To chalk out}, to sketch with, or as with, chalk; to
outline; to indicate; to plan. [Colloq.] ``I shall pursue
the plan I have chalked out.'' --Burke.
Chalkcutter \Chalk"cut`ter\, n.
A man who digs chalk.
Chalkiness \Chalk"i*ness\, n.
The state of being chalky.
Chalkstone \Chalk"stone`\, n.
1. A mass of chalk.
As chalkstones . . . beaten in sunder. --Isa. xxvii.
9.
2. (Med.) A chalklike concretion, consisting mainly of urate
of sodium, found in and about the small joints, in the
external ear, and in other situations, in those affected
with gout; a tophus.
Chalky \Chalk"y\, a.
Consisting of, or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; as, a
chalky cliff; a chalky taste.
Challenge \Chal"lenge\, n. [OE. chalenge claim, accusation,
challenge, OF. chalenge, chalonge, claim, accusation,
contest, fr. L. calumnia false accusation, chicanery. See
{Calumny}.]
1. An invitation to engage in a contest or controversy of any
kind; a defiance; specifically, a summons to fight a duel;
also, the letter or message conveying the summons.
A challenge to controversy. --Goldsmith.
2. The act of a sentry in halting any one who appears at his
post, and demanding the countersign.
3. A claim or demand. [Obs.]
There must be no challenge of superiority.
--Collier.
4. (Hunting) The opening and crying of hounds at first
finding the scent of their game.
5. (Law) An exception to a juror or to a member of a court
martial, coupled with a demand that he should be held
incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain
person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his
cause. --Blackstone
6. An exception to a person as not legally qualified to vote.
The challenge must be made when the ballot is offered. [U.
S.]
{Challenge to the array} (Law), an exception to the whole
panel.
{Challenge to the favor}, the alleging a special cause, the
sufficiency of which is to be left to those whose duty and
office it is to decide upon it.
{Challenge to the polls}, an exception taken to any one or
more of the individual jurors returned.
{Peremptory challenge}, a privilege sometimes allowed to
defendants, of challenging a certain number of jurors
(fixed by statute in different States) without assigning
any cause.
{Principal challenge}, that which the law allows to be
sufficient if found to be true.
Challenge \Chal"lenge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Challenged}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Challenging}.] [OE. chalengen to accuse, claim, OF.
chalengier, chalongier, to claim, accuse, dispute, fr. L.
calumniar to attack with false accusations. See {Challenge},
n., and cf. {Calumniate}.]
1. To call to a contest of any kind; to call to answer; to
defy.
I challenge any man to make any pretense to power by
right of fatherhood. --Locke.
2. To call, invite, or summon to answer for an offense by
personal combat.
By this I challenge him to single fight. --Shak.
3. To claim as due; to demand as a right.
Challenge better terms. --Addison.
4. To censure; to blame. [Obs.]
He complained of the emperors . . . and challenged
them for that he had no greater revenues . . . from
them. --Holland.
5. (Mil.) To question or demand the countersign from (one who
attempts to pass the lines); as, the sentinel challenged
us, with ``Who comes there?''
6. To take exception to; question; as, to challenge the
accuracy of a statement or of a quotation.
7. (Law) To object to or take exception to, as to a juror, or
member of a court.
8. To object to the reception of the vote of, as on the
ground that the person in not qualified as a voter. [U.
S.]
{To challenge to the} {array, favor, polls}. See under
{Challenge}, n.
Challenge \Chal"lenge\, v. i.
To assert a right; to claim a place.
Where nature doth with merit challenge. --Shak.
Challengeable \Chal"lenge*a*ble\, a.
That may be challenged.
Challenger \Chal"len*ger\, n.
One who challenges.
Challis \Chal"lis\, n. [F. chaly, challis, a stuff made of
goat's hair.]
A soft and delicate woolen, or woolen and silk, fabric, for
ladies' dresses. [Written also {chally}.]
Chalon \Cha"lon\, n.
A bed blanket. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chalybean \Cha*lyb"e*an\, a. [L. chalybe["i]us, fr. chalybs
steel, Gr. ?.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Chalybes, an ancient people of
Pontus in Asia Minor, celebrated for working in iron and
steel.
2. Of superior quality and temper; -- applied to steel.
[Obs.] --Milton.
Chalybeate \Cha*lyb"e*ate\, a. [NL. chalybeatus, fr.
chalube["i]us. See {Chalubean}.]
Impregnated with salts of iron; having a taste like iron; as,
chalybeate springs.
Chalybeate \Cha*lyb"e*ate\, n.
Any water, liquid, or medicine, into which iron enters as an
ingredient.
Chalybeous \Cha*lyb"e*ous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Steel blue; of the color of tempered steel.
Chalybite \Chal"y*bite\, n. (Min.)
Native iron carbonate; -- usually called siderite.
Cham \Cham\, v. t. [See {Chap}.]
To chew. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Sir T. More.
Cham \Cham\, n. [See {Khan}.]
The sovereign prince of Tartary; -- now usually written
{khan}. --Shak.
Chamade \Cha*made\, n. [F. chamade, fr. Pg. chamada, fr. chamar
to call, fr. L. clamare.] (Mil.)
A signal made for a parley by beat of a drum.
They beat the chamade, and sent us carte blanche.
--Addison.
Chamal \Cha"mal\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Angora goat. See {Angora goat}, under {Angora}.
Chamber \Cham"ber\, n. [F. chambre, fr. L. camera vault, arched
roof, in LL. chamber, fr. Gr. ? anything with a vaulted roof
or arched covering; cf. Skr. kmar to be crooked. Cf.
{Camber}, {Camera}, {Comrade}.]
1. A retired room, esp. an upper room used for sleeping; a
bedroom; as, the house had four chambers.
2. pl. Apartments in a lodging house. ``A bachelor's life in
chambers.'' --Thackeray.
3. A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a deliberative
body or assembly meets; as, presence chamber; senate
chamber.
4. A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a society or
association; as, the Chamber of Deputies; the Chamber of
Commerce.
5. A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or cavity; as,
the chamber of a canal lock; the chamber of a furnace; the
chamber of the eye.
6. pl. (Law.) A room or rooms where a lawyer transacts
business; a room or rooms where a judge transacts such
official business as may be done out of court.
7. A chamber pot. [Colloq.]
8. (Mil.)
(a) That part of the bore of a piece of ordnance which
holds the charge, esp. when of different diameter from
the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in guns, made
smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in
breech-loading guns.
(b) A cavity in a mine, usually of a cubical form, to
contain the powder.
(c) A short piece of ordnance or cannon, which stood on
its breech, without any carriage, formerly used
chiefly for rejoicings and theatrical cannonades.
{Air chamber}. See {Air chamber}, in the Vocabulary.
{Chamber of commerce}, a board or association to protect the
interests of commerce, chosen from among the merchants and
traders of a city.
{Chamber council}, a secret council. --Shak.
{Chamber} {counsel or counselor}, a counselor who gives his
opinion in private, or at his chambers, but does not
advocate causes in court.
{Chamber fellow}, a chamber companion; a roommate; a chum.
{Chamber hangings}, tapestry or hangings for a chamber.
{Chamber lye}, urine. --Shak.
{Chamber music}, vocal or instrumental music adapted to
performance in a chamber or small apartment or audience
room, instead of a theater, concert hall, or church.
{Chamber practice} (Law.), the practice of counselors at law,
who give their opinions in private, but do not appear in
court.
{To sit at chambers}, to do business in chambers, as a judge.
Chamber \Cham"ber\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chambered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chambering}.]
1. To reside in or occupy a chamber or chambers.
2. To be lascivious. [Obs.]
Chamber \Cham"ber\, v. t.
1. To shut up, as in a chamber. --Shak.
2. To furnish with a chamber; as, to chamber a gun.
Chambered \Cham"bered\, a.
Having a chamber or chambers; as, a chambered shell; a
chambered gun.
Chamberer \Cham"ber*er\, n.
1. One who attends in a chamber; a chambermaid. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
2. A civilian; a carpetmonger. [Obs.]
Chambering \Cham"ber*ing\, n.
Lewdness. [Obs.] --Rom. xiii. 13.
Chamberlain \Cham"ber*lain\, n. [OF. chamberlain, chambrelencF.
chambellon, OHG. chamerling, chamarlinc, G. k["a]mmerling,
kammer chamber (fr. L. camera) + -ling. See {Chamber}, and
{-ling}.] [Formerly written {chamberlin}.]
1. An officer or servant who has charge of a chamber or
chambers.
2. An upper servant of an inn. [Obs.]
3. An officer having the direction and management of the
private chambers of a nobleman or monarch; hence, in
Europe, one of the high officers of a court.
4. A treasurer or receiver of public money; as, the
chamberlain of London, of North Wales, etc.
{The lord chamberlain of England}, an officer of the crown,
who waits upon the sovereign on the day of coronation, and
provides requisites for the palace of Westminster, and for
the House of Lords during the session of Parliament. Under
him are the gentleman of the black rod and other officers.
His office is distinct from that of the lord chamberlain
of the Household, whose functions relate to the royal
housekeeping.
Chamberlainship \Cham"ber*lain*ship\, n.
Office of a chamberlain.
Chambermaid \Cham"ber*maid`\, n.
1. A maidservant who has the care of chambers, making the
beds, sweeping, cleaning the rooms, etc.
2. A lady's maid. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Chambertin \Cham`ber*tin"\, n.
A red wine from Chambertin near Dijon, in Burgundy.
Chambrel \Cham"brel\, n.
Same as {Gambrel}.
Chameck \Cha*meck"\, n. [Native Brazilian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of spider monkey ({Ateles chameck}), having the thumbs
rudimentary and without a nail.
Chameleon \Cha*me"le*on\ (k[.a]*m[=e]"l[-e]*[u^]n), n. [L.
Chamaeleon, Gr. chamaile`wn, lit., ``ground lion;'' chamai`
on the ground + le`wn lion. See {Humble}, and {Lion}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A lizardlike reptile of the genus {Cham[ae]leo}, of several
species, found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is
covered with fine granulations; the tail is prehensile, and
the body is much compressed laterally, giving it a high back.
Note: Its color changes more or less with the color of the
objects about it, or with its temper when disturbed. In
a cool, dark place it is nearly white, or grayish; on
admitting the light, it changes to brown, bottle-green,
or blood red, of various shades, and more or less
mottled in arrangment. The American chameleons belong
to {Anolis} and allied genera of the family
{Iguanid[ae]}. They are more slender in form than the
true chameleons, but have the same power of changing
their colors.
{Chameleon mineral} (Chem.), the compound called {potassium
permanganate}, a dark violet, crystalline substance,
{KMnO4}, which in formation passes through a peculiar
succession of color from green to blue, purple, red, etc.
See {Potassium permanganate}, under {Potassium}.
Chameleonize \Cha*me"le*on*ize\, v. t.
To change into various colors. [R.]
Chamfer \Cham"fer\, n. [See {Chamfron}.]
The surface formed by cutting away the arris, or angle,
formed by two faces of a piece of timber, stone, etc.
Chamfer \Cham"fer\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chamfered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chamfering}. ]
1. (Carp.) To cut a furrow in, as in a column; to groove; to
channel; to flute.
2. To make a chamfer on.
Chamfret \Cham"fret\, n. [See {Chamfron}.]
1. (Carp.) A small gutter; a furrow; a groove.
2. A chamfer.
Chamfron \Cham"fron\, n. [F. chanfrein.] (Anc. Armor)
The frontlet, or head armor, of a horse. [Written also
{champfrain} and {chamfrain}.]
Chamlet \Cham"let\, n.
See {Camlet}. [Obs.]
Chamois \Cham"ois\, n. [F. chamois, prob. fr. OG. gamz, G.
gemse.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A small species of antelope ({Rupicapra
tragus}), living on the loftiest mountain ridges of
Europe, as the Alps, Pyrenees, etc. It possesses
remarkable agility, and is a favorite object of chase.
2. A soft leather made from the skin of the chamois, or from
sheepskin, etc.; -- called also {chamois leather}, and
{chammy} or {shammy leather}. See {Shammy}.
Chamomile \Cham"o*mile\, n. (Bot.)
See {Camomile}.
Champ \Champ\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Champed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Champing}.] [Prob, of Scand. orgin; cf. dial. Sw. k["a]msa
to chew with difficulty, champ; but cf. also OF. champier,
champeyer, champoyer, to graze in fields, fr. F. champ field,
fr. L. campus. Cf. {Camp}.]
1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth so as to be
heard.
Foamed and champed the golden bit. --Dryden.
2. To bite into small pieces; to crunch. --Steele.
Champ \Champ\, v. i.
To bite or chew impatiently.
They began . . . irefully to champ upon the bit.
--Hooker.
Champ \Champ\, Champe \Champe\, n. [F. champ, L. campus field.]
(Arch.)
The field or ground on which carving appears in relief.
Champagne \Cham*pagne"\, n. [F. See {Champaign}.]
A light wine, of several kinds, originally made in the
province of Champagne, in France.
Note: Champagne properly includes several kinds not only of
sparkling but of still wines; but in America the term
is usually restricted to wines which effervesce.
Champaign \Cham*paign"\, n. [OF. champaigne; same word as
campagne.]
A flat, open country.
Fair champaign, with less rivers interveined. --Milton.
Through Apline vale or champaign wide. --Wordsworth.
Champaign \Cham*paign"\, a.
Flat; open; level.
A wide, champaign country, filled with herds.
--Addison.
Champer \Champ"er\, n.
One who champs, or bites.
Champertor \Cham"per*tor\, n. [F. champarteur a divider of
fields or field rent. See {Champerty}.] (Law)
One guilty of champerty; one who purchases a suit, or the
right of suing, and carries it on at his own expense, in
order to obtain a share of the gain.
Champerty \Cham"per*ty\, n. [F. champart field rent, L.
campipars; champ (L. campus) field + part (L. pars) share.]
1. Partnership in power; equal share of authority. [Obs.]
Beaut['e] ne sleighte, strengthe ne hardyness, Ne
may with Venus holde champartye. --Chaucer.
2. (Law) The prosecution or defense of a suit, whether by
furnishing money or personal services, by one who has no
legitimate concern therein, in consideration of an
agreement that he shall receive, in the event of success,
a share of the matter in suit; maintenance with the
addition of an agreement to divide the thing in suit. See
{Maintenance}.
Note: By many authorities champerty is defined as an
agreement of this nature. From early times the offence
of champerty has been forbidden and punishable.
Champignon \Cham*pi"gnon\, n. [F., a mushroom, ultimately fr. L.
campus field. See {Camp}.] (Bot.)
An edible species of mushroom ({Agaricus campestris}).
{Fairy ring champignon}, the {Marasmius oreades}, which has a
strong flavor but is edible.
Chappion \Chap"pi*on\, n. [F. champion, fr. LL. campio, of
German origin; cf. OHG. chempho, chemphio, fighter, champf,
G. kampf, contest; perh. influenced by L. campus field, taken
in the sense of ``field of battle.'']
1. One who engages in any contest; esp. one who in ancient
times contended in single combat in behalf of another's
honor or rights; or one who acts or speaks in behalf of a
person or a cause; a defender; an advocate; a hero.
A stouter champion never handled sword. --Shak.
Champions of law and liberty. --Fisher Ames.
2. One who by defeating all rivals, has obtained an
acknowledged supremacy in any branch of athetics or game
of skill, and is ready to contend with any rival; as, the
champion of England.
Note: Champion is used attributively in the sense of
surpassing all competitors; overmastering; as, champion
pugilist; champion chess player.
Syn: Leader; chieftain; combatant; hero; warrior; defender;
protector.
Champion \Cham"pi*on\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Championed}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Championing}.] [Obs.] --Shak.
2. To furnish with a champion; to attend or defend as
champion; to support or maintain; to protect.
Championed or unchampioned, thou diest. --Sir W.
Scott.
Championness \Cham"pi*on*ness\, n.
A female champion. --Fairfax.
Championship \Cham"pi*on*ship\, n.
State of being champion; leadership; supremacy.
Champlain period \Cham*plain" pe"ri*od\ (Geol.)
A subdivision of the Quaternary age immediately following the
Glacial period; -- so named from beds near Lake Champlain.
Note: The earlier deposits of this period are diluvial in
character, as if formed in connection with floods
attending the melting of the glaciers, while the later
deposits are of finer material in more quiet waters, as
the alluvium.
Chamsin \Cham*sin"\, n. [F.]
See {Kamsin}.
Chance \Chance\ (ch[.a]ns), n. [F. chance, OF. cheance, fr. LL.
cadentia a allusion to the falling of the dice), fr. L.
cadere to fall; akin to Skr. [,c]ad to fall, L. cedere to
yield, E. cede. Cf. {Cadence}.]
1. A supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity
other than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in
this sense often personified.
It is strictly and philosophically true in nature
and reason that there is no such thing as chance or
accident; it being evident that these words do not
signify anything really existing, anything that is
truly an agent or the cause of any event; but they
signify merely men's ignorance of the real and
immediate cause. --Samuel
Clark.
Any society into which chance might throw him.
--Macaulay.
That power Which erring men call Chance. --Milton.
2. The operation or activity of such agent.
By chance a priest came down that way. --Luke x. 31.
3. The supposed effect of such an agent; something that
befalls, as the result of unknown or unconsidered forces;
the issue of uncertain conditions; an event not calculated
upon; an unexpected occurrence; a happening; accident;
fortuity; casualty.
It was a chance that happened to us. --1 Sam. vi.
9.
The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts, And wins
(O shameful chance!) the Queen of Hearts. --Pope.
I spake of most disastrous chance. --Shak.
4. A possibility; a likelihood; an opportunity; -- with
reference to a doubtful result; as, a chance to escape; a
chance for life; the chances are all against him.
So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune. That I
would get my life on any chance, To mend it, or be
rid on 't --Shak.
5. (Math.) Probability.
Note: The mathematical expression, of a chance is the ratio
of frequency with which an event happens in the long
run. If an event may happen in a ways and may fail in b
ways, and each of these a + b ways is equally likely,
the chance, or probability, that the event will happen
is measured by the fraction a/a + b, and the chance, or
probability, that it will fail is measured by b/a + b.
{Chance comer}, one who comes unexpectedly.
{The last chance}, the sole remaining ground of hope.
{The main chance}, the chief opportunity; that upon which
reliance is had, esp. self-interest.
{Theory of chances}, {Doctrine of chances} (Math.), that
branch of mathematics which treats of the probability of
the occurrence of particular events, as the fall of dice
in given positions.
{To mind one's chances}, to take advantage of every
circumstance; to seize every opportunity.
Chance \Chance\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chanced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chancing}.]
To happen, come, or arrive, without design or expectation.
``Things that chance daily.'' --Robynson (More's Utopia).
If a bird's nest chance to be before thee. --Deut.
xxii. 6.
I chanced on this letter. --Shak.
Note: Often used impersonally; as, how chances it?
How chance, thou art returned so soon? --Shak.
Chance \Chance\, v. t.
1. To take the chances of; to venture upon; -- usually with
it as object.
Come what will, I will chance it. --W. D.
Howells.
2. To befall; to happen to. [Obs.] --W. Lambarde.
Chance \Chance\, a.
Happening by chance; casual.
Chance \Chance\, adv.
By chance; perchance. --Gray.
Chanceable \Chance"a*ble\, a.
Fortuitous; casual. [Obs.]
Chanceably \Chance"a*bly\, adv.
By chance. [Obs.]
Chanceful \Chance"ful\, a.
Hazardous. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Chancel \Chan"cel\, n. [OF. chancel, F. chanceau, cancel, fr. L.
cancelli lattices, crossbars. (The chancel was formerly
inclosed with lattices or crossbars) See {Cancel}, v. t.]
(Arch.)
(a) That part of a church, reserved for the use of the
clergy, where the altar, or communion table, is placed.
Hence, in modern use;
(b) All that part of a cruciform church which is beyond the
line of the transept farthest from the main front.
{Chancel aisle} (Arch.), the aisle which passes on either
side of or around the chancel.
{Chancel arch} (Arch.), the arch which spans the main
opening, leading to the chancel.
{Chancel casement}, the principal window in a chancel.
--Tennyson.
{Chancel table}, the communion table.
Chancellery \Chan"cel*ler*y\, n. [Cf. {Chancery}.]
Chancellorship. [Obs.] --Gower.
Chancellor \Chan"cel*lor\, n. [OE. canceler, chaunceler, F.
chancelier, LL. cancellarius chancellor, a director of
chancery, fr. L. cancelli lattices, crossbars, which
surrounded the seat of judgment. See {Chancel}.]
A judicial court of chancery, which in England and in the
United States is distinctively a court with equity
jurisdiction.
Note: The chancellor was originally a chief scribe or
secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was
invested with judicial powers, and had superintendence
over the other officers of the empire. From the Roman
empire this office passed to the church, and every
bishop has his chancellor, the principal judge of his
consistory. In later times, in most countries of
Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state,
keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the
supervision of all charters, and like public
instruments of the crown, which were authenticated in
the most solemn manner. In France a secretary is in
some cases called a chancellor. In Scotland, the
appellation is given to the foreman of a jury, or
assize. In the present German empire, the chancellor is
the president of the federal council and the head of
the imperial administration. In the United States, the
title is given to certain judges of courts of chancery
or equity, established by the statutes of separate
States. --Blackstone. Wharton.
{Chancellor} {of a bishop, or of a diocese} (R. C. Ch. & ch.
of Eng.), a law officer appointed to hold the bishop's
court in his diocese, and to assist him in matter of
ecclesiastical law.
{Chancellor of a cathedral}, one of the four chief
dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and
an officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with
special reference to the cultivation of theology.
{Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster}, an officer before
whom, or his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of
Lancaster is held. This is a special jurisdiction.
{Chancellor of a university}, the chief officer of a
collegiate body. In Oxford, he is elected for life; in
Cambridge, for a term of years; and his office is
honorary, the chief duties of it devolving on the vice
chancellor.
{Chancellor of the exchequer}, a member of the British
cabinet upon whom devolves the charge of the public income
and expenditure as the highest finance minister of the
government.
{Chancellor of the order of the Garter} (or other military
orders), an officer who seals the commissions and mandates
of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the
register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts
under the seal of their order.
{Lord high chancellor of England}, the presiding judge in the
court of chancery, the highest judicial officer of the
crown, and the first lay person of the state after the
blood royal. He is created chancellor by the delivery into
his custody of the great seal, of which he becomes keeper.
He is privy counselor by his office, and prolocutor of the
House of Lords by prescription.
Chancellorship \Chan"cel*lor*ship\
(ch[.a]n"s[e^]l*l[~e]r*sh[i^]p), n.
The office of a chancellor; the time during which one is
chancellor.
Chance-medley \Chance"-med`ley\, n. [Chance + medley.]
1. (Law) The killing of another in self-defense upon a sudden
and unpremeditated encounter. See {Chaud-Medley}.
Note: The term has been sometimes applied to any kind of
homicide by misadventure, or to any accidental killing
of a person without premeditation or evil intent, but,
in strictness, is applicable to such killing as happens
in defending one's self against assault. --Bouvier.
2. Luck; chance; accident. --Milton. --Cowper.
Chancery \Chan"cer*y\, n. [F. chancellerie, LL. cancellaria,
from L. cancellarius. See {Chancellor}, and cf.
{Chancellery}.]
1. In England, formerly, the highest court of judicature next
to the Parliament, exercising jurisdiction at law, but
chiefly in equity; but under the jurisdiction act of 1873
it became the chancery division of the High Court of
Justice, and now exercises jurisdiction only in equity.
2. In the Unites States, a court of equity; equity;
proceeding in equity.
Note: A court of chancery, so far as it is a court of equity,
in the English and American sense, may be generally, if
not precisely, described as one having jurisdiction in
cases of rights, recognized and protected by the
municipal jurisprudence, where a plain, adequate, and
complete remedy can not be had in the courts of common
law. In some of the American States, jurisdiction at
law and in equity centers in the same tribunal. The
courts of the United States also have jurisdiction both
at law and in equity, and in all such cases they
exercise their jurisdiction, as courts of law, or as
courts of equity, as the subject of adjudication may
require. In others of the American States, the courts
that administer equity are distinct tribunals, having
their appropriate judicial officers, and it is to the
latter that the appellation courts of chancery is
usually applied; but, in American law, the terms equity
and court of equity are more frequently employed than
the corresponding terms chancery and court of chancery.
--Burrill.
{Inns of chancery}. See under {Inn}.
{To get (or to hold) In chancery} (Boxing), to get the head
of an antagonist under one's arm, so that one can pommel
it with the other fist at will; hence, to have wholly in
One's power. The allusion is to the condition of a person
involved in the chancery court, where he was helpless,
while the lawyers lived upon his estate.
Chancre \Chan"cre\, n. [F. chancere. See {Cancer}.] (Med.)
A venereal sore or ulcer; specifically, the initial lesion of
true syphilis, whether forming a distinct ulcer or not; --
called also {hard chancre}, {indurated chancre}, and
{Hunterian chancre}.
{Soft chancre}. A chancroid. See {Chancroid}.
Chancroid \Chan"croid\, n. [Chancre + -oil.] (Med.)
A venereal sore, resembling a chancre in its seat and some
external characters, but differing from it in being the
starting point of a purely local process and never of a
systemic disease; -- called also {soft chancre}.
Chancrous \Chan"crous\, a. [Cf. F. chancreux.] (Med.)
Of the nature of a chancre; having chancre.
Chandelier \Chan`de*lier"\, n. [F. See {Chandler}.]
1. A candlestick, lamp, stand, gas fixture, or the like,
having several branches; esp., one hanging from the
ceiling.
2. (Fort.) A movable parapet, serving to support fascines to
cover pioneers. [Obs.]
Chandler \Chan"dler\, n. [F. chandelier a candlestick, a maker
or seller of candles, LL. candelarius chandler, fr. L.
candela candle. See {Candle}, and cf. Chandelier.]
1. A maker or seller of candles.
The chandler's basket, on his shoulder borne, With
tallow spots thy coat. --Gay.
2. A dealer in other commodities, which are indicated by a
word prefixed; as, ship chandler, corn chandler.
Chandlerly \Chan"dler*ly\, a.
Like a chandler; in a petty way. [Obs.] --Milton.
Chandlery \Chan"dler*y\, n.
Commodities sold by a chandler.
Chandoo \Chan*doo"\, n.
An extract or preparation of opium, used in China and India
for smoking. --Balfour.
Chandry \Chan"dry\, n.
Chandlery. [Obs.] ``Torches from the chandry.'' --B. Jonson.
Chanfrin \Chan"frin\, n. [F. chanfrein. Cf. {Chamfron}.]
The fore part of a horse's head.
Change \Change\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Changed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Changing}.] [F. changer, fr. LL. cambiare, to exchange,
barter, L. cambire. Cf. {Cambial}.]
1. To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one
state to another; as, to change the position, character,
or appearance of a thing; to change the countenance.
Therefore will I change their glory into shame.
--Hosea. iv.
7.
2. To alter by substituting something else for, or by giving
up for something else; as, to change the clothes; to
change one's occupation; to change one's intention.
They that do change old love for new, Pray gods,
they change for worse! --Peele.
3. To give and take reciprocally; to exchange; -- followed by
with; as, to change place, or hats, or money, with
another.
Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst
not, for any interest, change thy fortune and
condition. --Jer. Taylor.
4. Specifically: To give, or receive, smaller denominations
of money (technically called change) for; as, to change a
gold coin or a bank bill.
He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me change
it. --Goldsmith.
{To change a horse, or To change hand} (Man.), to turn or
bear the horse's head from one hand to the other, from the
left to right, or from the right to the left.
{To change hands}, to change owners.
{To change one's tune}, to become less confident or boastful.
[Colloq.]
{To change step}, to take a break in the regular succession
of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the
hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then
stepping off with the foot which is in advance.
Syn: To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate;
diversify; shift; veer; turn. See {Alter}.
Change \Change\, v. i.
1. To be altered; to undergo variation; as, men sometimes
change for the better.
For I am Lord, I change not. --Mal. iii. 6.
2. To pass from one phase to another; as, the moon changes
to-morrow night.
Change \Change\, n. [F. change, fr. changer. See {Change}. v.
t.]
1. Any variation or alteration; a passing from one state or
form to another; as, a change of countenance; a change of
habits or principles.
Apprehensions of a change of dynasty. --Hallam.
All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till
my change come. --Job xiv. 14.
2. A succesion or substitution of one thing in the place of
another; a difference; novelty; variety; as, a change of
seasons.
Our fathers did for change to France repair.
--Dryden.
The ringing grooves of change. --Tennyson.
3. A passing from one phase to another; as, a change of the
moon.
4. Alteration in the order of a series; permutation.
5. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for
another.
Thirty change (R.V. changes) of garments. --Judg.
xiv. 12.
6. Small money; the money by means of which the larger coins
and bank bills are made available in small dealings;
hence, the balance returned when payment is tendered by a
coin or note exceeding the sum due.
7. [See {Exchange}.] A place where merchants and others meet
to transact business; a building appropriated for
mercantile transactions. [Colloq. for Exchange.]
8. A public house; an alehouse. [Scot.]
They call an alehouse a change. --Burt.
9. (Mus.) Any order in which a number of bells are struck,
other than that of the diatonic scale.
Four bells admit twenty-four changes in ringing.
--Holder.
{Change of life}, the period in the life of a woman when
menstruation and the capacity for conception cease,
usually occurring between forty-five and fifty years of
age.
{Change ringing}, the continual production, without
repetition, of changes on bells, See def. 9. above.
{Change wheel} (Mech.), one of a set of wheels of different
sizes and number of teeth, that may be changed or
substituted one for another in machinery, to produce a
different but definite rate of angular velocity in an
axis, as in cutting screws, gear, etc.
{To ring the changes on}, to present the same facts or
arguments in variety of ways.
Syn: Variety; variation; alteration; mutation; transition;
vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation;
revolution; reverse.
Changeability \Change`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
Changeableness.
Changeable \Change"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. changeable.]
1. Capable of change; subject to alteration; mutable;
variable; fickle; inconstant; as, a changeable humor.
2. Appearing different, as in color, in different lights, or
under different circumstances; as, changeable silk.
Syn: Mutable; alterable; variable; inconstant; fitful;
vacillating; capricious; fickle; unstable; unsteady;
unsettled; wavering; erratic; giddy; volatile.
Changeableness \Change"a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy;
mutability.
Changeably \Change"a*bly\, adv.
In a changeable manner.
Changeful \Change"ful\, a.
Full of change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.
--Pope.
His course had been changeful. --Motley.
-- {Change"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Change"ful*ness}, n.
Changeless \Change"less\, a.
That can not be changed; constant; as, a changeless purpose.
-- {Change"less*ness}, n.
Changeling \Change"ling\, n. [Change + -ling.]
1. One who, or that which, is left or taken in the place of
another, as a child exchanged by fairies.
Such, men do changelings call, so changed by
fairies' theft. --Spenser.
The changeling [a substituted writing] never known.
--Shak.
2. A simpleton; an idiot. --Macaulay.
Changelings and fools of heaven, and thence shut
out.
Wildly we roam in discontent about. --Dryden.
3. One apt to change; a waverer. ``Fickle changelings.''
--Shak.
Changeling \Change"ling\, a.
1. Taken or left in place of another; changed. ``A little
changeling boy.'' --Shak.
2. Given to change; inconstant. [Obs.]
Some are so studiously changeling. --Boyle.
Changer \Chan"ger\, n.
1. One who changes or alters the form of anything.
2. One who deals in or changes money. --John ii. 14.
3. One apt to change; an inconstant person.
Chank \Chank"\, n. [Skr. [,c]a[.n]kha. See {Conch}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The East Indian name for the large spiral shell of several
species of sea conch much used in making bangles, esp.
{Turbinella pyrum}. Called also {chank chell}.
Channel \Chan"nel\, n. [OE. chanel, canel, OF. chanel, F.
chenel, fr. L. canalis. See {Canal}.]
1. The hollow bed where a stream of water runs or may run.
2. The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait, etc., where
the main current flows, or which affords the best and
safest passage for vessels.
3. (Geog.) A strait, or narrow sea, between two portions of
lands; as, the British Channel.
4. That through which anything passes; means of passing,
conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to
us by different channels.
The veins are converging channels. --Dalton.
At best, he is but a channel to convey to the
National assembly such matter as may import that
body to know. --Burke.
5. A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.
6. pl. [Cf. {Chain wales}.] (Naut.) Flat ledges of heavy
plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to
increase the spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of
the bulwarks.
{Channel bar}, {Channel iron} (Arch.), an iron bar or beam
having a section resembling a flat gutter or channel.
{Channel bill} (Zo["o]l.), a very large Australian cuckoo
({Scythrops Nov[ae]hollandi[ae]}.
{Channel goose}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Gannet}.
Channel \Chan"nel\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Channeled}, or
{Channelled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Channeling}, or
{Channelling}.]
1. To form a channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels
in; to groove.
No more shall trenching war channel her fields.
--Shak.
2. To course through or over, as in a channel. --Cowper.
Channeling \Chan"nel*ing\, n.
1. The act or process of forming a channel or channels.
2. A channel or a system of channels; a groove.
Chanson \Chan"son\, n. [F., fr. L. cantion song. See {Cantion},
{Canzone}.]
A song. --Shak.
Chansonnette \Chan`son*nette"\, n.; pl. {Chansonnettes}. [F.,
dim. of chanson.]
A little song.
These pretty little chansonnettes that he sung.
--Black.
Chant \Chant\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chanted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chanting}.] [F. chanter, fr. L. cantare, intens. of canere
to sing. Cf. {Cant} affected speaking, and see {Hen}.]
1. To utter with a melodious voice; to sing.
The cheerful birds . . . do chant sweet music.
--Spenser.
2. To celebrate in song.
The poets chant in the theaters. --Bramhall.
3. (Mus.) To sing or recite after the manner of a chant, or
to a tune called a chant.
Chant \Chant\, v. i.
1. To make melody with the voice; to sing. ``Chant to the
sound of the viol.'' --Amos vi. 5.
2. (Mus.) To sing, as in reciting a chant.
{To chant (or chaunt)} {horses}, to sing their praise; to
overpraise; to cheat in selling. See {Chaunter}.
--Thackeray.
Chant \Chant\, n.[F. chant, fr. L. cantus singing, song, fr.
canere to sing. See {Chant}, v. t.]
1. Song; melody.
2. (Mus.) A short and simple melody, divided into two parts
by double bars, to which unmetrical psalms, etc., are sung
or recited. It is the most ancient form of choral music.
3. A psalm, etc., arranged for chanting.
4. Twang; manner of speaking; a canting tone. [R.]
His strange face, his strange chant. --Macaulay.
{Ambrosian chant}, See under {Ambrosian}.
{Chant royal} [F.], in old French poetry, a poem containing
five strophes of eleven lines each, and a concluding
stanza. -- each of these six parts ending with a common
refrain.
{Gregorian chant}. See under {Gregorian}.
Chantant \Chan`tant"\, a. [F. singing.] (Mus.)
Composed in a melodious and singing style.
Chanter \Chant"er\ (ch[.a]nt"[~e]r), n. [Cf. F. chanteur.]
1. One who chants; a singer or songster. --Pope.
2. The chief singer of the chantry. --J. Gregory.
3. The flute or finger pipe in a bagpipe. See {Bagpipe}.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The hedge sparrow.
Chanterelle \Chan`te*relle"\, n. [F.] (Bot.)
A name for several species of mushroom, of which one
({Cantharellus cibrius}) is edible, the others reputed
poisonous.
Chanticleer \Chan"ti*cleer\ (ch[a^]n"t[i^]*kl[=e]r), n. [F.
Chanteclair, name of the cock in the Roman du Renart (Reynard
the Fox); chanter to chant + clair clear. See {Chant}, and
{Clear}.]
A cock, so called from the clearness or loudness of his voice
in crowing.
Chanting \Chant"ing\ (ch[.a]nt"[i^]ng), n.
Singing, esp. as a chant is sung.
{Chanting falcon} (Zo["o]l.), an African falcon ({Melierax
canorus or musicus}). The male has the habit, remarkable
in a bird of prey, of singing to his mate, while she is
incubating.
Chantor \Chant"or\, n.
A chanter.
Chantress \Chant"ress\, n. [Cf. OF. chanteresse.]
A female chanter or singer. --Milton.
Chantry \Chant"ry\, n.; pl. {Chantries}. [OF. chanterie, fr.
chanter to sing.]
1. An endowment or foundation for the chanting of masses and
offering of prayers, commonly for the founder.
2. A chapel or altar so endowed. --Cowell.
Chaomancy \Cha"o*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ? the atmosphere + -mancy.]
Divination by means of appearances in the air.
Chaos \Cha"os\ (k[=a]"[o^]s), n. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 &
2), Gr. cha`os, fr. cha`inein (root cha) to yawn, to gape, to
open widely. Cf. {Chasm}.]
1. An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [Archaic]
Between us and there is fixed a great chaos. --Luke
xvi. 26
(Rhemish
Trans.).
2. The confused, unorganized condition or mass of matter
before the creation of distinct and orderly forms.
3. Any confused or disordered collection or state of things;
a confused mixture; confusion; disorder.
Chaotic \Cha*ot"ic\ (k[asl]*[o^]t"[i^]k), a.
Resembling chaos; confused.
Chaotically \Cha*ot"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a chaotic manner.
Chap \Chap\ (ch[a^]p or ch[o^]p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chapped}
(ch[a^]pt or ch[o^]pt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Chapping}.] [See
{Chop} to cut.]
1. To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause
the skin of to crack or become rough.
Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign, Crack
the dry hill, and chap the russet plain.
--Blackmore.
Nor winter's blast chap her fair face. --Lyly.
2. To strike; to beat. [Scot.]
Chap \Chap\, v. i.
1. To crack or open in slits; as, the earth chaps; the hands
chap.
2. To strike; to knock; to rap. [Scot.]
Chap \Chap\, n. [From {Chap}, v. t. & i.]
1. A cleft, crack, or chink, as in the surface of the earth,
or in the skin.
2. A division; a breach, as in a party. [Obs.]
Many clefts and chaps in our council board. --T.
Fuller.
3. A blow; a rap. [Scot.]
Chap \Chap\ (ch[o^]p), n. [OE. chaft; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel
kjaptr jaw, Sw. K["a]ft, D. ki[ae]ft; akin to G. kiefer, and
E. jowl. Cf. {Chops}.]
1. One of the jaws or the fleshy covering of a jaw; --
commonly in the plural, and used of animals, and
colloquially of human beings.
His chaps were all besmeared with crimson blood.
--Cowley.
He unseamed him [Macdonald] from the nave to the
chaps. --Shak.
2. One of the jaws or cheeks of a vise, etc.
Chap \Chap\ (ch[a^]p), n. [Perh. abbreviated fr. chapman, but
used in a more general sense; or cf. Dan. ki[ae]ft jaw,
person, E. chap jaw.]
1. A buyer; a chapman. [Obs.]
If you want to sell, here is your chap. --Steele.
2. A man or boy; a youth; a fellow. [Colloq.]
Chap \Chap\, v. i. [See {Cheapen}.]
To bargain; to buy. [Obs.]
Chaparral \Cha`par*ral"\, n. [Sp., fr. chaparro an evergeen
oak.]
1. A thicket of low evergreen oaks.
2. An almost impenetrable thicket or succession of thickets
of thorny shrubs and brambles.
{Chaparral cock}; fem. {Chaparral hen} (Zo["o]l.), a bird of
the cuckoo family ({Geococcyx Californianus}), noted for
running with great speed. It ranges from California to
Mexico and eastward to Texas; -- called also {road
runner}, {ground cuckoo}, {churea}, and {snake killer}
.
Chapbook \Chap"book`\, n. [See {Chap} to cheapen.]
Any small book carried about for sale by chapmen or hawkers.
Hence, any small book; a toy book.
Chape \Chape\, n. [F., a churchman's cope, a cover, a chape, fr.
L. cappa. See {Cap}.]
1. The piece by which an object is attached to something, as
the frog of a scabbard or the metal loop at the back of a
buckle by which it is fastened to a strap.
2. The transverse guard of a sword or dagger.
3. The metal plate or tip which protects the end of a
scabbard, belt, etc. --Knight.
Chapeau \Cha`peau"\, n.; pl. {Chapeux}. [F., fr. OF. chapel hat.
See {Chaplet}.]
1. A hat or covering for the head.
2. (Her.) A cap of maintenance. See {Maintenance}.
{Chapeau bras}[F. chapeau hat + bras arm], a hat so made that
it can be compressed and carried under the arm without
injury. Such hats were particularly worn on dress
occasions by gentlemen in the 18th century. A chapeau bras
is now worn in the United States army by general and staff
officers.
Chaped \Chaped\, p. p. or a.
Furnished with a chape or chapes. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chapel \Chap"el\, n. [OF. chapele, F. chapelle, fr. LL. capella,
orig., a short cloak, hood, or cowl; later, a reliquary,
sacred vessel, chapel; dim. of cappa, capa, cloak, cape,
cope; also, a covering for the head. The chapel where St.
Martin's cloak was preserved as a precious relic, itself came
to be called capella, whence the name was applied to similar
paces of worship, and the guardian of this cloak was called
capellanus, or chaplain. See {Cap}, and cf. {Chaplain}.,
{Chaplet}.]
1. A subordinate place of worship; as,
(a) a small church, often a private foundation, as for a
memorial;
(b) a small building attached to a church;
(c) a room or recess in a church, containing an altar.
Note: In Catholic churches, and also in cathedrals and abbey
churches, chapels are usually annexed in the recesses
on the sides of the aisles. --Gwilt.
2. A place of worship not connected with a church; as, the
chapel of a palace, hospital, or prison.
3. In England, a place of worship used by dissenters from the
Established Church; a meetinghouse.
4. A choir of singers, or an orchestra, attached to the court
of a prince or nobleman.
5. (Print.)
(a) A printing office, said to be so called because
printing was first carried on in England in a chapel
near Westminster Abbey.
(b) An association of workmen in a printing office.
{Chapel of ease}.
(a) A chapel or dependent church built for the ease or a
accommodation of an increasing parish, or for
parishioners who live at a distance from the principal
church.
(b) A privy. (Law)
{Chapel master}, a director of music in a chapel; the
director of a court or orchestra.
{To build a chapel} (Naut.), to chapel a ship. See {Chapel},
v. t., 2.
{To hold a chapel}, to have a meeting of the men employed in
a printing office, for the purpose of considering
questions affecting their interests.
Chapel \Chap"el\, v. t.
1. To deposit or inter in a chapel; to enshrine. [Obs.]
--Beau. & Fl.
2. (Naut.) To cause (a ship taken aback in a light breeze) so
to turn or make a circuit as to recover, without bracing
the yards, the same tack on which she had been sailing.
Chapeless \Chape"less\, a.
Without a chape.
Chapelet \Chap"e*let\, n. [F. See {Chaplet}.]
1. A pair of straps, with stirrups, joined at the top and
fastened to the pommel or the frame of the saddle, after
they have been adjusted to the convenience of the rider.
[Written also {chaplet}.]
2. A kind of chain pump, or dredging machine.
Chapellany \Chap"el*la*ny\, n.; pl. {Chapellanies}. [Cf. E.
chapellenie, LL. capellania. See Chaplain.]
A chapel within the jurisdiction of a church; a subordinate
ecclesiastical foundation.
Chapelry \Chap"el*ry\, n. [Cf. OF. chapelerie.]
The territorial district legally assigned to a chapel.
Chaperon \Chap"er*on\, n. [F. chaperon. See {Chape}, {Cape},
{Cap}.]
1. A hood; especially, an ornamental or an official hood.
His head and face covered with a chaperon, out of
which there are but two holes to look through.
--Howell.
2. A device placed on the foreheads of horses which draw the
hearse in pompous funerals.
3. A matron who accompanies a young lady in public, for
propriety, or as a guide and protector.
Chaperon \Chap"er*on\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chaperoned}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Chaperoning}.] [Cf. F. chaperonner, fr. chaperon.]
To attend in public places as a guide and protector; to
matronize.
Fortunately Lady Bell Finley, whom I had promised to
chaperon, sent to excuse herself. --Hannah More.
Chaperonage \Chap"er*on`age\, n.
Attendance of a chaperon on a lady in public; protection
afforded by a chaperon.
Chapfallen \Chap"fall`en\, a.
Having the lower chap or jaw drooping, -- an indication of
humiliation and dejection; crestfallen; discouraged. See
{Chopfallen}.
Chapiter \Chap"i*ter\, n. [OF. chapitel, F. chapiteau, from L.
capitellum, dim. of caput head. Cf. {Capital}, {Chapter}.]
1. (Arch.) A capital [Obs.] See {Chapital}. --Ex. xxxvi. 38.
2. (Old Eng. Law) A summary in writing of such matters as are
to be inquired of or presented before justices in eyre, or
justices of assize, or of the peace, in their sessions; --
also called {articles}. --Jacob.
Chaplain \Chap"lain\, n. [F. chapelain, fr. LL. capellanus, fr.
capella. See {Chapel}.]
1. An ecclesiastic who has a chapel, or who performs
religious service in a chapel.
2. A clergyman who is officially attached to the army or
navy, to some public institution, or to a family or court,
for the purpose of performing divine service.
3. Any person (clergyman or layman) chosen to conduct
religious exercises for a society, etc.; as, a chaplain of
a Masonic or a temperance lodge.
Chaplaincy \Chap"lain*cy\, n.; pl. {Chaplaincies}.
The office, position, or station of a chaplain. --Swift.
Chaplainship \Chap"lain*ship\, n.
1. The office or business of a chaplain.
The Bethesda of some knight's chaplainship.
--Milton.
2. The possession or revenue of a chapel. --Johnson.
Chapless \Chap"less\, a.
Having no lower jaw; hence, fleshless. [R.] ``Yellow,
chapless skulls.'' --Shak.
Chaplet \Chap"let\, n. [F. chapelet, dim. of OF. chapel hat,
garland, dim. fr. LL. cappa. See {Cap}, and cf. {Chapelet},
{Chapeau}.]
1. A garland or wreath to be worn on the head.
2. A string of beads, or part of a string, used by Roman
Catholic in praying; a third of a rosary, or fifty beads.
Her chaplet of beads and her missal. --Longfellow.
3. (Arch.) A small molding, carved into beads, pearls,
olives, etc.
4. (Man.) A chapelet. See {Chapelet}, 1.
5. (Founding) A bent piece of sheet iron, or a pin with thin
plates on its ends, for holding a core in place in the
mold.
6. A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head. --Johnson.
Chaplet \Chap"let\, n.
A small chapel or shrine.
Chaplet \Chap"let\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chapleted}.]
To adorn with a chaplet or with flowers. --R. Browning.
Chapman \Chap"man\, n.; pl. {Chapmen}. [AS. ce['a]pman; ce['a]p
trade + man man; akin to D. koopman, Sw. k["o]pman, Dan.
ki["o]pmand, G. kaufmann.f. {Chap} to cheapen, and see
{Cheap}.]
1. One who buys and sells; a merchant; a buyer or a seller.
[Obs.]
The word of life is a quick commodity, and ought
not, as a drug to be obtruded on those chapmen who
are unwilling to buy it. --T. Fuller.
2. A peddler; a hawker.
Chappy \Chap"py\,
Full of chaps; cleft; gaping; open.
Chaps \Chaps\, n. pl.
The jaws, or the fleshy parts about them. See {Chap}. ``Open
your chaps again.'' --Shak.
Chapter \Chap"ter\, n. [OF. chapitre, F. chapitre, fr. L.
capitulum, dim. of caput head, the chief person or thing, the
principal division of a writing, chapter. See {Chief}, and
cf, {Chapiter}.]
1. A division of a book or treatise; as, Genesis has fifty
chapters.
2. (Eccl.)
(a) An assembly of monks, or of the prebends and other
clergymen connected with a cathedral, conventual, or
collegiate church, or of a diocese, usually presided
over by the dean.
(b) A community of canons or canonesses.
(c) A bishop's council.
(d) A business meeting of any religious community.
3. An organized branch of some society or fraternity as of
the Freemasons. --Robertson.
4. A meeting of certain organized societies or orders.
5. A chapter house. [R.] --Burrill.
6. A decretal epistle. --Ayliffe.
7. A location or compartment.
In his bosom! In what chapter of his bosom? --Shak.
{Chapter head}, or {Chapter heading}, that which stands at
the head of a chapter, as a title.
{Chapter house}, a house or room where a chapter meets, esp.
a cathedral chapter.
{The chapter of accidents}, chance. --Marryat.
Chapter \Chap"ter\, v. t.
1. To divide into chapters, as a book. --Fuller.
2. To correct; to bring to book, i. e., to demand chapter and
verse. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Chaptrel \Chap"trel\, n. [See {Chapiter}.] (Arch.)
An impost. [Obs.]
Char \Char\, Charr \Charr\, n. [Ir. cear, Gael. ceara, lit.,
red, blood-colored, fr. cear blood. So named from its red
belly.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the several species of fishes of the genus
{Salvelinus}, allied to the spotted trout and salmon,
inhabiting deep lakes in mountainous regions in Europe. In
the United States, the brook trout ({Salvelinus fontinalis})
is sometimes called a char.
Char \Char\, n. [F.]
A car; a chariot. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Char \Char\, n. [OE. cherr, char a turning, time, work, AS.
cerr, cyrr, turn, occasion, business, fr. cerran, cyrran, to
turn; akin to OS. k["e]rian, OHG. ch["e]ran, G. kehren. Cf.
{Chore}, {Ajar}.]
Work done by the day; a single job, or task; a chore.
[Written also {chare}.] [Eng.]
When thou hast done this chare, I give thee leave To
play till doomsday. --Shak.
Char \Char\, Chare \Chare\, v. t. [See 3d {Char}.]
1. To perform; to do; to finish. [Obs.] --Nores.
Thet char is chared, as the good wife said when she
had hanged her husband. --Old Proverb.
2. To work or hew, as stone. --Oxf. Gloss.
Char \Char\, Chare \Chare\, v. i.
To work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant;
to do small jobs.
Char \Char\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Charred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Charring}.] [Prob. the same word as char to perform (see
{Char}, n.), the modern use coming from charcoal, prop.
coal-turned, turned to coal.]
1. To reduce to coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce
to charcoal; to burn to a cinder.
2. To burn slightly or partially; as, to char wood.
Chara \Cha"ra\, n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Bot.)
A genus of flowerless plants, having articulated stems and
whorled branches. They flourish in wet places.
Char-a-bancs \Char`-a-bancs"\, n.; pl. {Chars-a-banc}. [F.]
A long, light, open vehicle, with benches or seats running
lengthwise.
Charact \Char"act\, n.
A distinctive mark; a character; a letter or sign. [Obs.] See
{Character}.
In all his dressings, characts, titles, forms. --Shak.
Character \Char"ac*ter\, n. [L., an instrument for marking,
character, Gr. ?, fr. ? to make sharp, to cut into furrows,
to engrave: cf. F. caract[`e]re.]
1. A distinctive mark; a letter, figure, or symbol.
It were much to be wished that there were throughout
the world but one sort of character for each letter
to express it to the eye. --Holder.
2. Style of writing or printing; handwriting; the peculiar
form of letters used by a particular person or people; as,
an inscription in the Runic character.
You know the character to be your brother's? --Shak.
3. The peculiar quality, or the sum of qualities, by which a
person or a thing is distinguished from others; the stamp
impressed by nature, education, or habit; that which a
person or thing really is; nature; disposition.
The character or that dominion. --Milton.
Know well each Ancient's proper character; His
fable, subject, scope in every page; Religion,
Country, genius of his Age. --Pope.
A man of . . . thoroughly subservient character.
--Motley.
4. Strength of mind; resolution; independence; individuality;
as, he has a great deal of character.
5. Moral quality; the principles and motives that control the
life; as, a man of character; his character saves him from
suspicion.
6. Quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or conduct
with respect to a certain office or duty; as, in the
miserable character of a slave; in his character as a
magistrate; her character as a daughter.
7. The estimate, individual or general, put upon a person or
thing; reputation; as, a man's character for truth and
veracity; to give one a bad character.
This subterraneous passage is much mended since
Seneca gave so bad a character of it. --Addison.
8. A written statement as to behavior, competency, etc.,
given to a servant. [Colloq.]
9. A unique or extraordinary individuality; a person
characterized by peculiar or notable traits; a person who
illustrates certain phases of character; as, Randolph was
a character; C[ae]sar is a great historical character.
10. One of the persons of a drama or novel.
Note: ``It would be well if character and reputation were
used distinctively. In truth, character is what a
person is; reputation is what he is supposed to be.
Character is in himself, reputation is in the minds of
others. Character is injured by temptations, and by
wrongdoing; reputation by slanders, and libels.
Character endures throughout defamation in every form,
but perishes when there is a voluntary transgression;
reputation may last through numerous transgressions,
but be destroyed by a single, and even an unfounded,
accusation or aspersion.'' --Abbott.
Character \Char"ac*ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Charactered}.]
1. To engrave; to inscribe. [R.]
These trees shall be my books. And in their barks my
thoughts I 'll character. --Shak.
2. To distinguish by particular marks or traits; to describe;
to characterize. [R.] --Mitford.
Characterism \Char"ac*ter*ism\, n. [Gr. ? a characterizing.]
A distinction of character; a characteristic. [Obs.] --Bp.
Hall.
Characteristic \Char`ac*ter*is"tic\, a. [Gr. ?: cf. F.
charact['e]ristique.]
Pertaining to, or serving to constitute, the character;
showing the character, or distinctive qualities or traits, of
a person or thing; peculiar; distinctive.
Characteristic clearness of temper. --Macaulay.
Characteristic \Char`ac*ter*is"tic\, n.
1. A distinguishing trait, quality, or property; an element
of character; that which characterized. --Pope.
The characteristics of a true critic. --Johnson.
2. (Math.) The integral part (whether positive or negative)
of a logarithm.
Characteristical \Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al\, a.
Characteristic.
Characteristically \Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In a characteristic manner; in a way that characterizes.
Characterization \Char`ac*ter*i*za"tion\, n.
The act or process of characterizing.
Characterize \Char"ac*ter*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Characterized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Characterizing}.] [LL.
characterizare, Gr. ?: cf. F. charact['e]riser.]
1. To make distinct and recognizable by peculiar marks or
traits; to make with distinctive features.
European, Asiatic, Chinese, African, and Grecian
faces are Characterized. --Arbuthnot.
2. To engrave or imprint. [Obs.] --Sir M. Hale.
3. To indicate the character of; to describe.
Under the name of Tamerlane he intended to
characterize King William. --Johnson.
4. To be a characteristic of; to make, or express the
character of.
The softness and effeminacy which characterize the
men of rank in most countries. --W. Irving.
Syn: To describe; distinguish; mark; designate; style;
particularize; entitle.
Characterless \Char"ac*ter*less\, a.
Destitute of any distinguishing quality; without character or
force.
Charactery \Char"ac*ter*y\, n.
1. The art or means of characterizing; a system of signs or
characters; symbolism; distinctive mark.
Fairies use flowers for their charactery. --Shak.
2. That which is charactered; the meaning. [Obs.]
I will construe to thee All the charactery of my sad
brows. --Shak.
Charade \Cha*rade"\, n. [F. charade, cf. Pr. charrada long chat,
It ciarlare to chat, whence E. charlatan.]
A verbal or acted enigma based upon a word which has two or
more significant syllables or parts, each of which, as well
as the word itself, is to be guessed from the descriptions or
representations.
Charbocle \Char"bo*cle\, n.
Carbuncle. [Written also {Charboncle}.] [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Charbon \Char"bon\, n. [F., coal, charbon.]
1. (Far.) A small black spot or mark remaining in the cavity
of the corner tooth of a horse after the large spot or
mark has become obliterated.
2. A very contagious and fatal disease of sheep, horses, and
cattle. See {Maligmant pustule}.
Charcoal \Char"coal`\, n. [See {Char}, v. t., to burn or to
reduce to coal, and {Coal}.]
1. Impure carbon prepared from vegetable or animal
substances; esp., coal made by charring wood in a kiln,
retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is used for
fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical
processes.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared charcoal in small sticks, used
as a drawing implement.
{Animal charcoal}, a fine charcoal prepared by calcining
bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a filtering agent in
sugar refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant.
{Charcoal blacks}, the black pigment, consisting of burnt
ivory, bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances.
{Charcoal drawing} (Fine Arts), a drawing made with charcoal.
See {Charcoal}, 2. Until within a few years this material
has been used almost exclusively for preliminary outline,
etc., but at present many finished drawings are made with
it.
{Charcoal point}, a carbon pencil prepared for use in an
electric light apparatus.
{Mineral charcoal}, a term applied to silky fibrous layers of
charcoal, interlaminated in beds of ordinary bituminous
coal; -- known to miners as mother of coal.
Chard \Chard\, n. [Cf. F. carde esclent thistle.]
1. The tender leaves or leafstalks of the artichoke, white
beet, etc., blanched for table use.
2. A variety of the white beet, which produces large,
succulent leaves and leafstalks.
Chare \Chare\, n.
A narrow street. [Prov. Eng.]
Chare \Chare\, n. & v.
A chore; to chore; to do. See {Char}.
Charge \Charge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Charged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Charging}.] [OF. chargier, F. charger, fr. LL. carricare,
fr. L. carrus wagon. Cf. {Cargo}, {Caricature}, {Cark}, and
see {Car}.]
1. To lay on or impose, as a load, tax, or burden; to load;
to fill.
A carte that charged was with hay. --Chaucer.
The charging of children's memories with rules.
--Locke.
2. To lay on or impose, as a task, duty, or trust; to
command, instruct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to
urge earnestly; as, to charge a jury; to charge the clergy
of a diocese; to charge an agent.
Moses . . . charged you to love the Lord your God.
--Josh. xxii.
5.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition.
--Shak.
3. To lay on, impose, or make subject to or liable for.
When land shall be charged by any lien. --Kent.
4. To fix or demand as a price; as, he charges two dollars a
barrel for apples.
5. To place something to the account of as a debt; to debit,
as, to charge one with goods. Also, to enter upon the
debit side of an account; as, to charge a sum to one.
6. To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's charge.
No more accuse thy pen, but charge the crime On
native sloth and negligence of time. --Dryden.
7. To accuse; to make a charge or assertion against (a person
or thing); to lay the responsibility (for something said
or done) at the door of.
If he did that wrong you charge him with.
--Tennyson.
8. To place within or upon any firearm, piece of apparatus or
machinery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to hold
or bear; to load; to fill; as, to charge a gun; to charge
an electrical machine, etc.
Their battering cannon charged to the mouths.
--Shak.
9. To ornament with or cause to bear; as, to charge an
architectural member with a molding.
10. (Her.) To assume as a bearing; as, he charges three roses
or; to add to or represent on; as, he charges his shield
with three roses or.
11. To call to account; to challenge. [Obs.]
To charge me to an answer. --Shak.
12. To bear down upon; to rush upon; to attack.
Charged our main battle's front. --Shak.
Syn: To intrust; command; exhort; instruct; accuse; impeach;
arraign. See {Accuse}.
Charge \Charge\, v. i.
1. To make an onset or rush; as, to charge with fixed
bayonets.
Like your heroes of antiquity, he charges in iron.
--Glanvill.
``Charge for the guns!'' he said. --Tennyson.
2. To demand a price; as, to charge high for goods.
3. To debit on an account; as, to charge for purchases.
4. To squat on its belly and be still; -- a command given by
a sportsman to a dog.
Charge \Charge\, n. [F. charge, fr. charger to load. See
{Charge}, v. t., and cf. {Cargo}, {Caricature}.]
1. A load or burder laid upon a person or thing.
2. A person or thing commited or intrusted to the care,
custody, or management of another; a trust.
Note: The people of a parish or church are called the charge
of the clergyman who is set over them.
3. Custody or care of any person, thing, or place; office;
responsibility; oversight; obigation; duty.
'Tis a great charge to come under one body's hand.
--Shak.
4. Heed; care; anxiety; trouble. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
5. Harm. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
6. An order; a mandate or command; an injunction.
The king gave cherge concerning Absalom. --2. Sam.
xviii. 5.
7. An address (esp. an earnest or impressive address)
containing instruction or exhortation; as, the charge of a
judge to a jury; the charge of a bishop to his clergy.
8. An accusation of a wrong of offense; allegation;
indictment; specification of something alleged.
The charge of confounding very different classes of
phenomena. --Whewell.
9. Whatever constitutes a burden on property, as rents,
taxes, lines, etc.; costs; expense incurred; -- usually in
the plural.
10. The price demanded for a thing or service.
11. An entry or a account of that which is due from one party
to another; that which is debited in a business
transaction; as, a charge in an account book.
12. That quantity, as of ammunition, electricity, ore, fuel,
etc., which any apparatus, as a gun, battery, furnace,
machine, etc., is intended to receive and fitted to hold,
or which is actually in it at one time
13. The act of rushing upon, or towards, an enemy; a sudden
onset or attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry; hence, the
signal for attack; as, to sound the charge.
Never, in any other war afore, gave the Romans a
hotter charge upon the enemies. --Holland.
The charge of the light brigade. --Tennyson.
14. A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack; as, to bring
a weapon to the charge.
15. (Far.) A soft of plaster or ointment.
16. (Her.) A bearing. See {Bearing}, n., 8.
17. [Cf. {Charre}.] Thirty-six pigs of lead, each pig
weighing about seventy pounds; -- called also {charre}.
18. Weight; import; value.
Many suchlike ``as's'' of great charge. --Shak.
{Back charge}. See under {Back}, a.
{Bursting charge}.
(a (Mil.) The charge which bursts a shell, etc.
(b (Mining) A small quantity of fine powder to secure
the ignition of a charge of coarse powder in
blasting.
{Charge and discharge} (Equity Practice), the old mode or
form of taking an account before a master in chancery.
{Charge sheet}, the paper on which are entered at a police
station all arrests and accusations.
{To sound the charge}, to give the signal for an attack.
Syn: Care; custody; trust; management; office; expense; cost;
price; assault; attack; onset; injunction; command;
order; mandate; instruction; accusation; indictment.
Chargeable \Charge"a*ble\, a.
1. That may be charged, laid, imposed, or imputes; as, a duty
chargeable on iron; a fault chargeable on a man.
2. Subject to be charge or accused; liable or responsible;
as, revenues chargeable with a claim; a man chargeable
with murder.
3. Serving to create expense; costly; burdensome.
That we might not be chargeable to any of you. --2.
Thess. iii. 8.
For the sculptures, which are elegant, were very
chargeable. --Evelyn.
Chargeableness \Charge"a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being chargeable or expensive. [Obs.]
--Whitelocke.
Chargeably \Charge"a*bly\, adv.
At great cost; expensively. [Obs.]
Chargeant \Char"geant\, a. [F. chargeant, fr. charger to load.]
Burdensome; troublesome. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Charg'e d'affaires \Char`g['e]" d'af`faires"\, n.; pl.
{Charg['e]s d'affaires}. [F., ``charged with affairs.'']
A diplomatic representative, or minister of an inferior
grade, accredited by the government of one state to the
minister of foreign affairs of another; also, a substitute,
ad interim, for an ambassador or minister plenipotentiary.
Chargeful \Charge"ful\, a.
Costly; expensive. [Obs.]
The fineness of the gold and chargeful fashion. --Shak.
Chargehouse \Charge"house`\, n.
A schoolhouse. [Obs.]
Chargeless \Charge"less\, a.
Free from, or with little, charge.
Chargeous \Char"geous\, a.
Burdensome. [Obs.]
I was chargeous to no man. --Wyclif, (2
Cor. xi. 9).
Charger \Char"ger\, n.
1. One who, or that which charges.
2. An instrument for measuring or inserting a charge.
3. A large dish. [Obs.]
Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger.
--Matt. xiv.
8.
4. A horse for battle or parade. --Macaulay.
And furious every charger neighed. --Campbell.
Chargeship \Char*ge"ship\, n.
The office of a charg['e] d'affaires.
Charily \Char"i*ly\, adv.
In a chary manner; carefully; cautiously; frugally.
Chariness \Char"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being chary.
Chariot \Char"i*ot\, n. [F. Chariot, from char car. See {Car}.]
1. (Antiq.) A two-wheeled car or vehicle for war, racing,
state processions, etc.
First moved the chariots, after whom the foot.
--Cowper.
2. A four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage, having one
seat. --Shak.
Chariot \Char"i*ot\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Charioted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Charioting}.]
To convey in a chariot. --Milton.
Chariotee \Char`i*ot*ee"\, n.
A light, covered, four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two
seats.
Charioteer \Char`i*ot*eer"\, n.
1. One who drives a chariot.
2. (Astron.) A constellation. See {Auriga}, and {Wagones}.
Charism \Cha"rism\, n. [Gr. ? gift.] (Eccl.)
A miraculously given power, as of healing, speaking foreign
languages without instruction, etc., attributed to some of
the early Christians.
Charismatic \Char`is*mat"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a charism.
Charitable \Char"i*ta*ble\, a.[F. See {Charity}.]
1. Full of love and good will; benevolent; kind.
Be thy intents wicked or charitable, . . . . . . I
will speak to thee. --Shak.
2. Liberal in judging of others; disposed to look on the best
side, and to avoid harsh judgment.
3. Liberal in benefactions to the poor; giving freely;
generous; beneficent.
What charitable men afford to beggars. --Shak.
4. Of or pertaining to charity; springing from, or intended
for, charity; relating to almsgiving; eleemosynary; as, a
charitable institution.
5. Dictated by kindness; favorable; lenient.
By a charitable construction it may be a sermon.
--L. Andrews.
Syn: Kind; beneficent; benevolent; generous; lenient;
forgiving; helpful; liberal; favorable; indulgent.
Charitableness \Char"i*ta*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being charitable; the exercise of charity.
Charitably \Char"i*ta*bly\, adv.
In a charitable manner.
Charity \Char"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Charities}. [F. charit['e] fr. L.
caritas dearness, high regard, love, from carus dear, costly,
loved; asin to Skr. kam to wish, love, cf. Ir. cara a friend,
W. caru to love. Cf. {Caress}.]
1. Love; universal benevolence; good will.
Now abideth faith, hope, charity, three; but the
greatest of these is charity. --1. Cor.
xiii. 13.
They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose
hearts the great charities . . . lie dead. --Ruskin.
With malice towards none, with charity for all.
--Lincoln.
2. Liberality in judging of men and their actions; a
disposition which inclines men to put the best
construction on the words and actions of others.
The highest exercise of charity is charity towards
the uncharitable. --Buckminster.
3. Liberality to the poor and the suffering, to benevolent
institutions, or to worthy causes; generosity.
The heathen poet, in commending the charity of Dido
to the Trojans, spake like a Christian. --Dryden.
4. Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the needy or
suffering for their relief; alms; any act of kindness.
She did ill then to refuse her a charity.
--L'Estrange.
5. A charitable institution, or a gift to create and support
such an institution; as, Lady Margaret's charity.
6. pl. (Law) Eleemosynary appointments [grants or devises]
including relief of the poor or friendless, education,
religious culture, and public institutions.
The charities that soothe, and heal, and bless, Are
scattered at the feet of man like flowers.
--Wordsworth.
{Sisters of Charity} (R. C. Ch.), a sisterhood of religious
women engaged in works of mercy, esp. in nursing the sick;
-- a popular designation. There are various orders of the
Sisters of Charity.
Syn: Love; benevolence; good will; affection; tenderness;
beneficence; liberality; almsgiving.
Charivari \Cha*ri`va*ri"\, n. [F.]
A mock serenade of discordant noises, made with kettles, tin
horns, etc., designed to annoy and insult.
Note: It was at first performed before the house of any
person of advanced age who married a second time.
Chark \Chark\, n. [Abbrev. fr. charcoal.]
Charcoal; a cinder. [Obs.] --DeFoe.
Chark \Chark\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Charked}.]
To burn to a coal; to char. [Obs.]
Charlatan \Char"la*tan\, n. [F. charlatan, fr. It. ciarlatano,
fr. ciarlare to chartter, prate; of imitative origin; cf. It.
zirlare to whistle like a thrush.]
One who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable
pretensions; a quack; an impostor; an empiric; a mountebank.
Charlatanic \Char`la*tan"ic\, Charlatanical \Char`la*tan"ic*al\,
a.
Of or like a charlatan; making undue pretension; empirical;
pretentious; quackish. -- {Char`la*tan"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Charlatanism \Char"la*tan*ism\, n. [Cf. F. charlatanisme.]
Charlatanry.
Charlatanry \Char"la*tan*ry\, n. [F. charlatanrie, from It.
ciarlataneria. See {Charlatan}.]
Undue pretensions to skill; quackery; wheedling; empiricism.
Charles's Wain \Charles's Wain\ [Charles + wain; cf. AS. Carles
w?n (for w[ae]gn), Sw. karlvagnen, Dan. karlsvogn. See
{Churl}, and {Wain}.] (Astron.)
The group of seven stars, commonly called the Dipper, in the
constellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear. See {Ursa major},
under {Ursa}.
Note: The name is sometimes also applied to the
Constellation.
Charlock \Char"lock\, n. [AS. cerlic; the latter part perh. fr.
AS. le['a]c leek. Cf. {Hemlock}.] (Bot.)
A cruciferous plant ({Brassica sinapistrum}) with yellow
flowers; wild mustard. It is troublesome in grain fields.
Called also {chardock}, {chardlock}, {chedlock}, and
{kedlock}.
{Jointed charlock}, {White charlock}, a troublesome weed
({Raphanus Raphanistrum}) with straw-colored, whitish, or
purplish flowers, and jointed pods: wild radish.
Charlotte \Char"lotte\, n. [F.]
A kind of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices of
bread, and filling it with bread soaked in milk, and baked.
{Charlotte Russe}, or {Charlotte [`a] la russe} [F., lit.,
Russian charlotte] (Cookery), a dish composed of custard
or whipped cream, inclosed in sponge cake.
Charm \Charm\, n. [F. charme, fr. L. carmen song, verse,
incantation, for casmen, akin to Skr. [,c]asman, [,c]as[=a],
a laudatory song, from a root signifying to praise, to sing.]
1. A melody; a song. [Obs.]
With charm of earliest birds. --Milton.
Free liberty to chant our charms at will. --Spenser.
2. A word or combination of words sung or spoken in the
practice of magic; a magical combination of words,
characters, etc.; an incantation.
My high charms work. --Shak.
3. That which exerts an irresistible power to please and
attract; that which fascinates; any alluring quality.
Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul.
--Pope.
The charm of beauty's powerful glance. --Milton.
4. Anything worn for its supposed efficacy to the wearer in
averting ill or securing good fortune.
5. Any small decorative object worn on the person, as a seal,
a key, a silver whistle, or the like. Bunches of charms
are often worn at the watch chain.
Syn: Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment;
fascination; attraction.
Charm \Charm\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Charmed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Charming}.] [Cf. F. charmer. See {Charm}, n.]
1. To make music upon; to tune. [Obs. & R.]
Here we our slender pipes may safely charm.
--Spenser.
2. To subdue, control, or summon by incantation or
supernatural influence; to affect by magic.
No witchcraft charm thee! --Shak.
3. To subdue or overcome by some secret power, or by that
which gives pleasure; to allay; to soothe.
Music the fiercest grief can charm. --Pope.
4. To attract irresistibly; to delight exceedingly; to
enchant; to fascinate.
They, on their mirth and dance Intent, with jocund
music charm his ear. --Milton.
5. To protect with, or make invulnerable by, spells, charms,
or supernatural influences; as, a charmed life.
I, in my own woe charmed, Could not find death.
--Shak.
Syn: Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate;
bewitch; allure; subdue; delight; entice; transport.
Charm \Charm\, v. i.
1. To use magic arts or occult power; to make use of charms.
The voice of charmers, charming never so wisely.
--Ps. lviii.
5.
2. To act as, or produce the effect of, a charm; to please
greatly; to be fascinating.
3. To make a musical sound. [Obs.] --Milton.
Charmel \Char"mel\, n. [Heb.]
A fruitful field.
Libanus shall be turned into charmel, and charmel shall
be esteemed as a forest. --Isa. xxix.
17 (Douay
version).
Charmer \Charm"er\, n.
1. One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the
power of enchantment; a magician. --Deut. xviii. 11.
2. One who delights and attracts the affections.
Charmeress \Charm"er*ess\, n.
An enchantress. --Chaucer.
Charmful \Charm"ful\, a.
Abounding with charms. ``His charmful lyre.'' --Cowley.
Charming \Charm"ing\, a.
Pleasing the mind or senses in a high degree; delighting;
fascinating; attractive.
How charming is divine philosophy. --Milton.
Syn: Syn. - Enchanting; bewitching; captivating; enrapturing;
alluring; fascinating; delightful; pleasurable;
graceful; lovely; amiable; pleasing; winning. --
{Charm"ing*ly}, adv. -- {Charm"ing*ness}, n.
Charmless \Charm"less\, a.
Destitute of charms. --Swift.
Charneco \Char"ne*co\, Charnico \Char"ni*co\, n.
A sort of sweet wine. [Obs.] --Shak.
Charnel \Char"nel\, a. [F. charnel carnal, fleshly, fr. L.
carnalis. See {Carnal}.]
Containing the bodies of the dead. ``Charnel vaults.''
--Milton.
{Charnel house}, a tomb, vault, cemetery, or other place
where the bones of the dead are deposited; originally, a
place for the bones thrown up when digging new graves in
old burial grounds.
Charnel \Char"nel\, n.
A charnel house; a grave; a cemetery.
In their proud charnel of Thermopyl[ae]. --Byron.
Charon \Cha"ron\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] (Cless. Myth.)
The son of Erebus and Nox, whose office it was to ferry the
souls of the dead over the Styx, a river of the infernal
regions. --Shak.
Charpie \Char"pie\, n. [F., properly fem. p. p. of OF. charpir,
carpir, to pluck, fr. L. carpere. Cf. {Carpet}.] (Med.)
Straight threads obtained by unraveling old linen cloth; --
used for surgical dressings.
Charqui \Char"qui\, n. [Sp. A term used in South America,
Central America, and the Western United States.]
Jerked beef; beef cut into long strips and dried in the wind
and sun. --Darwin.
Charr \Charr\, n.
See 1st {Char}.
Charras \Char"ras\, n.
The gum resin of the hemp plant ({Cannabis sativa}). Same as
{Churrus}. --Balfour.
Charre \Charre\, n. [LL. charrus a certain weight.]
See {Charge}, n., 17.
Charry \Char"ry\, a. [See 6th {Char}.]
Pertaining to charcoal, or partaking of its qualities.
Chart \Chart\, n. [A doublet of card: cf. F. charte charter,
carte card. See {Card}, and cf. {Charter}.]
1. A sheet of paper, pasteboard, or the like, on which
information is exhibited, esp. when the information is
arranged in tabular form; as, an historical chart.
2. A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine map; a map on which
is projected a portion of water and the land which it
surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended
especially for the use of seamen; as, the United States
Coast Survey charts; the English Admiralty charts.
3. A written deed; a charter.
{Globular chart}, a chart constructed on a globular
projection. See under {Globular}.
{Heliographic chart}, a map of the sun with its spots.
{Mercator's chart}, a chart constructed on the principle of
Mercator's projection. See {Projection}.
{Plane chart}, a representation of some part of the
superficies of the globe, in which its spherical form is
disregarded, the meridians being drawn parallel to each
other, and the parallels of latitude at equal distances.
{Selenographic chart}, a map representing the surface of the
moon.
{Topographic chart}, a minute delineation of a limited place
or region.
Chart \Chart\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Charted}.]
To lay down in a chart; to map; to delineate; as, to chart a
coast.
Charta \Char"ta\, n. [L., leaf of paper. See {Chart}.] (Law)
(a) Material on which instruments, books, etc., are written;
parchment or paper.
(b) A charter or deed; a writing by which a grant is made.
See {Magna Charta}.
Chartaceous \Char*ta"ceous\, a. [L. chartaceus. See {Charta}.]
Resembling paper or parchment; of paper-like texture; papery.
Charte \Charte\, n. [F. See {Chart}.]
The constitution, or fundamental law, of the French monarchy,
as established on the restoration of Louis XVIII., in 1814.
Charter \Char"ter\, n. [OF. chartre, F. chartre, charte, fr. L.
chartula a little paper, dim. of charta. See {Chart},
{Card}.]
1. A written evidence in due form of things done or granted,
contracts made, etc., between man and man; a deed, or
conveyance. [Archaic]
2. An instrument in writing, from the sovereign power of a
state or country, executed in due form, bestowing rights,
franchises, or privileges.
The king [John, a.d. 1215], with a facility somewhat
suspicious, signed and sealed the charter which was
required of him. This famous deed, commonly called
the ``Great Charter,'' either granted or secured
very important liberties and privileges to every
order of men in the kingdom. --Hume.
3. An act of a legislative body creating a municipal or other
corporation and defining its powers and privileges. Also,
an instrument in writing from the constituted authorities
of an order or society (as the Freemasons), creating a
lodge and defining its powers.
4. A special privilege, immunity, or exemption.
My mother, Who has a charter to extol her blood,
When she does praise me, grieves me. --Shak.
5. (Com.) The letting or hiring a vessel by special contract,
or the contract or instrument whereby a vessel is hired or
let; as, a ship is offered for sale or charter. See
{Charter party}, below.
{Charter land} (O. Eng. Law), land held by charter, or in
socage; bookland.
{Charter member}, one of the original members of a society or
corporation, esp. one named in a charter, or taking part
in the first proceedings under it.
{Charter party} [F. chartre partie, or charte partie, a
divided charter; from the practice of cutting the
instrument of contract in two, and giving one part to each
of the contractors] (Com.), a mercantile lease of a
vessel; a specific contract by which the owners of a
vessel let the entire vessel, or some principal part of
the vessel, to another person, to be used by the latter in
transportation for his own account, either under their
charge or his.
{People's Charter} (Eng. Hist.), the document which embodied
the demands made by the Chartists, so called, upon the
English government in 1838.
Charter \Char"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chartered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chartering}.]
1. To establish by charter.
2. To hire or let by charter, as a ship. See {Charter party},
under {Charter}, n.
Chartered \Char"tered\, a.
1. Granted or established by charter; having, or existing
under, a charter; having a privilege by charter.
The sufficiency of chartered rights. --Palfrey.
The air, a chartered libertine. --Shak.
2. Hired or let by charter, as a ship.
Charterer \Char"ter*er\, n.
One who charters; esp. one who hires a ship for a voyage.
Charterhouse \Char"ter*house`\, n.
A well known public school and charitable foundation in the
building once used as a Carthusian monastery (Chartreuse) in
London.
Charterist \Char"ter*ist\, n.
Same as {Chartist}.
Chartism \Chart"ism\, n. [F. charte charter. Cf. {Charte},
{Chart}.]
The principles of a political party in England (1838-48),
which contended for universal suffrage, the vote by ballot,
annual parliaments, equal electoral districts, and other
radical reforms, as set forth in a document called the
People's Charter.
Chartist \Chart"ist\, n.
A supporter or partisan of chartism. [Eng.]
Chartless \Chart"less\, a.
1. Without a chart; having no guide.
2. Not mapped; uncharted; vague. --Barlow.
Chartographer \Char*tog"ra*pher\, n., Chartographic
\Char`to*graph"ic\, a., Chartography \Char*tog"ra*phy\, n., etc.
Same as {Cartographer}, {Cartographic}, {Cartography}, etc.
Chartomancy \Char"to*man`cy\, n. [L. charta paper + -mancy. Cf.
{Cartomancy}.]
Divination by written paper or by cards.
Chartometer \Char*tom"e*ter\, n. [Chart + -meter.]
An instrument for measuring charts or maps.
Chartreuse \Char`treuse"\, n. [F.]
1. A Carthusian monastery; esp. La Grande Chartreuse, mother
house of the order, in the mountains near Grenoble,
France.
2. An alcoholic cordial, distilled from aromatic herbs; --
made at La Grande Chartreuse.
Chartreux \Char`treux"\, n. [F.]
A Carthusian.
Chartulary \Char"tu*la*ry\, n.
See {Cartulary}.
Charwoman \Char"wom`an\, n.; pl. {Charwomen}. [See {Char} a
chore.]
A woman hired for odd work or for single days.
Chary \Char"y\, a. [AS. cearig careful, fr. cearu care. See
{Care}.]
Careful; wary; cautious; not rash, reckless, or spendthrift;
saving; frugal.
His rising reputation made him more chary of his fame.
--Jeffrey.
Charybdis \Cha*ryb"dis\, n. [L., Gr. ?.]
A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily opposite Scylla
on the Italian coast. It is personified as a female monster.
See {Scylla}.
Chasable \Chas"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being chased; fit for hunting. --Gower.
Chase \Chase\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chased}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chasing}.] [OF. chacier, F. chasser, fr. (assumed) LL.
captiare, fr. L. captare to strive to seize. See {Catch}.]
1. To pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an
enemy, or game; to hunt.
We are those which chased you from the field.
--Shak.
Philologists, who chase A panting syllable through
time and place. --Cowper.
2. To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel to move on;
to drive by following; to cause to fly; -- often with away
or off; as, to chase the hens away.
Chased by their brother's endless malice from prince
to prince and from place to place. --Knolles.
3. To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game.
Chasing each other merrily. --Tennyson.
Chase \Chase\, v. i.
To give chase; to hunt; as, to chase around after a doctor.
[Colloq.]
Chase \Chase\, n. [Cf. F. chasse, fr. chasser. See {Chase}, v.]
1. Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or capturing,
as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any
object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a
hunt. ``This mad chase of fame.'' --Dryden.
You see this chase is hotly followed. --Shak.
2. That which is pursued or hunted.
Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other chase, For I
myself must hunt this deer to death. --Shak.
3. An open hunting ground to which game resorts, and which is
private properly, thus differing from a forest, which is
not private property, and from a park, which is inclosed.
Sometimes written chace. [Eng.]
4. (Court Tennis) A division of the floor of a gallery,
marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot where a ball
falls, and between which and the dedans the adversary must
drive his ball in order to gain a point.
{Chase gun} (Naut.), a cannon placed at the bow or stern of
an armed vessel, and used when pursuing an enemy, or in
defending the vessel when pursued.
{Chase port} (Naut.), a porthole from which a chase gun is
fired.
{Stern chase} (Naut.), a chase in which the pursuing vessel
follows directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.
Chase \Chase\, n. [F. ch['a]se, fr. L. capsa box, case. See
{Case} a box.] (Print.)
1. A rectangular iron frame in which pages or columns of type
are imposed.
2. (Mil.) The part of a cannon from the re["e]nforce or the
trunnions to the swell of the muzzle. See {Cannon}.
3. A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall; a trench,
as for the reception of drain tile.
4. (Shipbuilding) A kind of joint by which an overlap joint
is changed to a flush joint, by means of a gradually
deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built boats.
Chase \Chase\, v. t. [A contraction of enchase.]
1. To ornament (a surface of metal) by embossing, cutting
away parts, and the like.
2. To cut, so as to make a screw thread.
Chaser \Chas"er\, n.
1. One who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a
hunter.
2. (Naut.) Same as {Chase gun}, esp. in terms bow chaser and
stern chaser. See under {Bow}, {Stern}.
Chaser \Chas"er\, n.
1. One who chases or engraves. See 5th {Chase}, and
{Enchase}.
2. (Mech.) A tool with several points, used for cutting or
finishing screw threads, either external or internal, on
work revolving in a lathe.
Chasible \Chas"i*ble\, n.
See {Chasuble}.
Chasing \Chas"ing\, n.
The art of ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also,
a piece of ornamental work produced in this way.
Chasm \Chasm\, n. [L. chasma, Gr. ?, fr. ? to grape, to open
wide. See {Chaos}.]
1. A deep opening made by disruption, as a breach in the
earth or a rock; a yawning abyss; a cleft; a fissure.
That deep, romantic chasm which slanted down the
green hill. --Coleridge.
2. A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of men.
Memory . . . fills up the chasms of thought.
--Addison.
Chasmed \Chasmed\, a.
Having gaps or a chasm. [R.]
Chasmy \Chas"my\, a.
Of or pertaining to a chasm; abounding in chasms. --Carlyle.
They cross the chasmy torrent's foam-lit bed.
--Wordsworth.
Chasse \Chas`se"\, n. [F., fr. chass['e], p. p. of chasser to
chase.]
A movement in dancing, as across or to the right or left.
Chasse \Chas`se"\, v. i. (Dancing)
To make the movement called chass['e]; as, all chass['e];
chass['e] to the right or left.
Chasselas \Chas"se*las\, n. [F., from the village of Chasselas.]
A white grape, esteemed for the table.
Chassepot \Chasse`pot"\, n. [From the French inventor, A. A.
Chassepot.] (Mil.)
A kind of breechloading, center-fire rifle, or improved
needle gun.
Chasseur \Chas`seur"\, n. [F., a huntsman. See {Chase} to
pursue.]
1. (Mil.) One of a body of light troops, cavalry or infantry,
trained for rapid movements.
2. An attendant upon persons of rank or wealth, wearing a
plume and sword.
The great chasseur who had announced her arrival.
--W. Irving.
Chassis \Chas"sis\, n. [F. ch[^a]ssis.] (Mil.)
A traversing base frame, or movable railway, along which the
carriage of a barbette or casemate gun moves backward and
forward. [See {Gun carriage}.]
Chast \Chast\ (ch[=a]st), v. t.
to chasten. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chaste \Chaste\ (ch[=a]st), a. [F. chaste, from L. castus pure,
chaste; cf. Gr. kaqaro`s pure, Skr. [,c]udth to purify.]
1. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; virtuous;
continent. ``As chaste as Diana.'' --Shak.
Whose bed is undefiled and chaste pronounced.
--Milton.
2. Pure in thought and act; innocent; free from lewdness and
obscenity, or indecency in act or speech; modest; as, a
chaste mind; chaste eyes.
3. Pure in design and expression; correct; free from
barbarisms or vulgarisms; refined; simple; as, a chaste
style in composition or art.
That great model of chaste, lofty, and eloquence,
the Book of Common Prayer. --Macaulay.
4. Unmarried. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Syn: Undefiled; pure; virtuous; continent; immaculate;
spotless.
{Chaste tree}. Same as {Agnus castus}.
Chastely \Chaste"ly\, adv.
In a chaste manner; with purity.
Chasten \Chas"ten\ (ch[=a]"s'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chastened}
(-s'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Chastening}.] [OE. chastien, OF.
Chastier, F. Ch?tier, fr. L. castigare to punish, chastise;
castus pure + agere to lead, drive. See {Chaste}, {Act}, and
cf. {Castigate}, {Chastise}.]
1. To correct by punishment; to inflict pain upon the purpose
of reclaiming; to discipline; as, to chasten a son with a
rod.
For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth. --Heb. xii.
6.
2. To purify from errors or faults; to refine.
They [classics] chasten and enlarge the mind, and
excite to noble actions. --Layard.
Syn: To chastise; punish; correct; discipline; castigate;
afflict; subdue; purify.
Usage: To {Chasten}, {Punish}, {Chastise}. To chasten is to
subject to affliction or trouble, in order to produce
a general change for the better in life or character.
To punish is to inflict penalty for violation of law,
disobedience to authority, or intentional wrongdoing.
To chastise is to punish a particular offense, as with
stripes, especially with the hope that suffering or
disgrace may prevent a repetition of faults.
Chastened \Chas"tened\, a.
Corrected; disciplined; refined; purified; toned down. --Sir.
W. Scott.
Of such a finished chastened purity. --Tennyson.
Chastener \Chas"ten*er\, n.
One who chastens.
Chasteness \Chaste"ness\, n.
1. Chastity; purity.
2. (Literature & Art) Freedom from all that is meretricious,
gaudy, or affected; as, chasteness of design.
Chastisable \Chas*tis"a*ble\, a.
Capable or deserving of chastisement; punishable. --Sherwood.
Chastise \Chas*tise"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chastised}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chastising}.] [OE. chastisen; chastien + ending -isen
+ modern -ise, ize, L. izare, G. ?. See {Chasten}.]
1. To inflict pain upon, by means of stripes, or in any other
manner, for the purpose of punishment or reformation; to
punish, as with stripes.
How fine my master is! I am afraid He will chastise
me. --Shak.
I am glad to see the vanity or envy of the canting
chemists thus discovered and chastised. --Boyle.
2. To reduce to order or obedience; to correct or purify; to
free from faults or excesses.
The gay, social sense, by decency chastised.
--Thomson.
Syn: See {Chasten}.
Chastisement \Chas"tise*ment\, n. [From {Chastise}.]
The act of chastising; pain inflicted for punishment and
correction; discipline; punishment.
Shall I so much dishonor my fair stars, On equal terms
to give him chastesement! --Shak.
I have borne chastisement; I will not offend any more.
--Job xxxiv.
31.
Chastiser \Chas*tis"er\, n.
One who chastises; a punisher; a corrector. --Jer. Taylor.
The chastiser of the rich. --Burke.
Chastity \Chas"ti*ty\, n. [F. chastet['e], fr. L. castitas, fr.
castus. See {Chaste}.]
1. The state of being chaste; purity of body; freedom from
unlawful sexual intercourse.
She . . . hath preserved her spotless chastity. --T.
Carew.
2. Moral purity.
So dear to heaven is saintly chastity, That, when a
soul is found sicerely so A thousand liveried angels
lackey her. --Milton.
3. The unmarried life; celibacy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
4. (Literature & Art) Chasteness.
Chasuble \Chas"u*ble\, n. [F. chasuble, LL. casubula, cassibula,
casula, a hooded garment, covering the person like a little
house; cf. It. casupola, casipola, cottage, dim of L. casa
cottage.] (Eccl.)
The outer vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass,
consisting, in the Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat,
back piece, and a narrower front piece, the two connected
over the shoulders only. The back has usually a large cross,
the front an upright bar or pillar, designed to be
emblematical of Christ's sufferings. In the Greek Church the
chasuble is a large round mantle. [Written also {chasible},
and {chesible}.]
Chat \Chat\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chatted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chatting}.] [From {Chatter}. [root]22.]
To talk in a light and familiar manner; to converse without
form or ceremony; to gossip. --Shak.
To chat a while on their adventures. --Dryden.
Syn: To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.
Chat \Chat\, v. t.
To talk of. [Obs.]
Chat \Chat\, n.
1. Light, familiar talk; conversation; gossip.
Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of chat, With
singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. --Pope.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A bird of the genus {Icteria}, allied to the
warblers, in America. The best known species are the
yellow-breasted chat ({I. viridis}), and the long-tailed
chat ({I. longicauda}). In Europe the name is given to
several birds of the family {Saxicolid[ae]}, as the
{stonechat}, and {whinchat}.
{Bush chat}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Bush}.
Chat \Chat\, n.
1. A twig, cone, or little branch. See {Chit}.
2. pl. (Mining) Small stones with ore.
{Chat potatoes}, small potatoes, such as are given to swine.
[Local.]
Chateau \Cha`teau"\, n.; pl. {Chateux}. [F. ch[^a]teau a castle.
See {Castle}.]
1. A castle or a fortress in France.
2. A manor house or residence of the lord of the manor; a
gentleman's country seat; also, particularly, a royal
residence; as, the chateau of the Louvre; the chateau of
the Luxembourg.
Note: The distinctive, French term for a fortified caste of
the middle ages is ch[^a]teau-fort.
{Chateau en Espagne}[F.], a castle in Spain, that is, a
castle in the air, Spain being the region of romance.
Chatelaine \Chat"e*laine\, n. [F. ch[^a]telaine the wife of a
castellan, the mistress of a chateau, a chatelaine chain.]
An ornamental hook, or brooch worn by a lady at her waist,
and having a short chain or chains attached for a watch,
keys, trinkets, etc. Also used adjectively; as, a chatelaine
chain.
Chatelet \Chat"e*let\, n. [F. ch[^a]telet, dim. of ch[^a]teau.
See {Castle}.]
A little castle.
Chatellany \Chat"el*la*ny\, n. [F. ch[^a]tellenie.]
Same as {Castellany}.
Chati \Cha`ti"\, n. [Cf. F. chat cat.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small South American species of tiger cat ({Felis mitis}).
Chatoyant \Cha*toy"ant\, a. [F., p. pr. of chatoyer to be
chatoyant, fr. chat cat.] (Min.)
Having a changeable, varying luster, or color, like that of a
changeable silk, or oa a cat's eye in the dark.
Chatoyant \Cha*toy"ant\, n. (Min.)
A hard stone, as the cat's-eye, which presents on a polished
surface, and in the interior, an undulating or wary light.
Chatoyment \Cha*toy"ment\, n. [F. chatoiement. See {Chatoyant}.]
Changeableness of color, as in a mineral; play of colors.
--Cleaceland.
Chattel \Chat"tel\, n. [OF. chatel; another form of catel. See
{Cattle}.] (Law)
Any item of movable or immovable property except the
freehold, or the things which are parcel of it. It is a more
extensive term than goods or effects.
Note: Chattels are personal or real: personal are such as are
movable, as goods, plate, money; real are such rights
in land as are less than a freehold, as leases,
mortgages, growing corn, etc.
{Chattel mortgage} (Law), a mortgage on personal property, as
distinguished from one on real property.
Chattelism \Chat"tel*ism\, n.
The act or condition of holding chattels; the state of being
a chattel.
Chatter \Chat"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chattered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chattering}.] [Of imitative origin. Cf. {Chat}, v. i.
{Chitter}.]
1. To utter sounds which somewhat resemble language, but are
inarticulate and indistinct.
The jaw makes answer, as the magpie chatters.
--Wordsworth.
2. To talk idly, carelessly, or with undue rapidity; to
jabber; to prate.
To tame a shrew, and charm her chattering tongue.
--Shak.
3. To make a noise by rapid collisions.
With chattering teeth, and bristling hair upright.
--Dryden.
Chatter \Chat"ter\, v. t.
To utter rapidly, idly, or indistinctly.
Begin his witless note apace to chatter. --Spenser.
Chatter \Chat"ter\, n.
1. Sounds like those of a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapid,
thoughtless talk; jabber; prattle.
Your words are but idle and empty chatter.
--Longfellow.
2. Noise made by collision of the teeth, as in shivering.
Chatteration \Chat*ter*a"tion\, n.
The act or habit of chattering. [Colloq.]
Chatterer \Chat"ter*er\, n.
1. A prater; an idle talker.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A bird of the family {Ampelid[ae]} -- so called
from its monotonous note. The {Bohemion chatterer}
({Ampelis garrulus}) inhabits the arctic regions of both
continents. In America the {cedar bird} is a more common
species. See {Bohemian chatterer}, and {Cedar bird}.
Chattering \Chat"ter*ing\, n.
The act or habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making
inarticulate sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the
collision of the teeth; chatter.
Chattiness \Chat"ti*ness\, n.
The quality of being chatty, or of talking easily and
pleasantly.
Chatty \Chat"ty\, a.
Given to light, familiar talk; talkative. --Lady M. W.
Montagu.
Chatty \Chat"ty\, n. [Tamil sh[=a]ti.]
A porous earthen pot used in India for cooling water, etc.
Chatwood \Chat"wood`\, n. [Chat a little stick + wood.]
Little sticks; twigs for burning; fuel. --Johnson.
Chaud-medley \Chaud"-med`ley\, n. [F. chaude m[^e]l['e]e; chaud
hot + m[^e]ler (Formerly sometimes spelt medler) to mingle.]
(Law)
The killing of a person in an affray, in the heat of blood,
and while under the influence of passion, thus distinguished
from chance-medley or killing in self-defense, or in a casual
affray. --Burrill.
Chaudron \Chau"dron\, n.
See {Chawdron}. [Obs.]
Chauffer \Chauf"fer\, n. [Cf. F. chauffoir a kind of stone, fr.
chauffer to heat. See {Chafe}.] (Chem.)
A table stove or small furnace, usually a cylindrical box of
sheet iron, with a grate at the bottom, and an open top.
Chauldron \Chaul"dron\, n.
See {Chawdron}. [Obs.]
Chaun \Chaun\, n.
A gap. [Obs.] --Colgrave.
Chaun \Chaun\, v. t. & i.
To open; to yawn. [Obs.]
O, chaun thy breast. --Marston.
Chaunt \Chaunt\, n. & v.
See {Chant}.
Chaunter \Chaunt"er\, n.
1. A street seller of ballads and other broadsides. [Slang,
Eng.]
2. A deceitful, tricky dealer or horse jockey. [Colloq.]
He was a horse chaunter; he's a leg now. --Dickens.
3. The flute of a bagpipe. See {Chanter}, n., 3.
Chaunterie \Chaunt"er*ie\, n.
See {Chantry}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chaus \Cha"us\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
a lynxlike animal of Asia and Africa ({Lynx Lybicus}).
Chausses \Chausses\, n. pl. [F.]
The garment for the legs and feet and for the body below the
waist, worn in Europe throughout the Middle Ages; applied
also to the armor for the same parts, when fixible, as of
chain mail.
Chaussure \Chaus`sure"\, n. [F.]
A foot covering of any kind.
Chauvinism \Chau"vin*ism\, n. [F. chauvinisme, from Chauvin, a
character represented as making grotesque and threatening
displays of his attachment to his fallen chief, Napoleon I.,
in 1815.]
Blind and absurd devotion to a fallen leader or an obsolete
cause; hence, absurdly vainglorious or exaggerated
patriotism. -- {Chau"vin*ist}, n. -- {Chau`vin*is"tic}, a.
Note: To have a generous belief in the greatness of one's
country is not chauvinism. It is the character of the
latter quality to be wildly extravagant, to be fretful
and childish and silly, to resent a doubt as an insult,
and to offend by its very frankness. --Prof. H. Tuttle.
Chavender \Chav"en*der\, n. [Cf. {Cheven}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The chub. --Walton.
Chaw \Chaw\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chawed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chawing}.] [See {Chew}.]
1. To grind with the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating;
to chew, as the cud; to champ, as the bit.
The trampling steed, with gold and purple trapped,
Chawing the foamy bit, there fiercely stood.
--Surrey.
2. To ruminate in thought; to consider; to keep the mind
working upon; to brood over. --Dryden.
Note: A word formerly in good use, but now regarded as
vulgar.
Chaw \Chaw\, n. [See {Chaw}, v. t.]
1. As much as is put in the mouth at once; a chew; a quid.
[Law]
2. [Cf. {Jaw}.] The jaw. [Obs.] --Spenser.
{Chaw bacon}, a rustic; a bumpkin; a lout. (Law)
{Chaw tooth}, a grinder. (Law)
Chawdron \Chaw"dron\, n. [OF. chaudun, caudun, caldun; cf. G.
kaldaunen guts, bowels, LL. calduna intestine, W. coluddyn
gut, dim. of coludd bowels.]
Entrails. [Obs.] [Written also {chaudron}, {chauldron}.]
--Shak.
Chay root \Chay" root`\ [Tamil sh[=a]ya.]
The root of the {Oldenlandia umbellata}, native in India,
which yieds a durable red dyestuff. [Written also {choy
root}.]
Chazy epoch \Cha*zy" ep"och\ (Geol.)
An epoch at the close of the Canadian period of the American
Lower Silurian system; -- so named from a township in Clinton
Co., New York. See the Diagram under {Geology}.
Cheap \Cheap\, n. [AS. ce['a]p bargain, sale, price; akin to D.
Koop purchase, G. Kauf, ICel. kaup bargain. Cf. {Cheapen},
{Chapman}, {Chaffer}, {Cope}, v. i.]
A bargain; a purchase; cheapness. [Obs.]
The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me
lights as good cheap at the dearest chandler's in
Europe. --Shak.
Cheap \Cheap\, a. [Abbrev. fr. ``good cheap'': a good purchase
or bargain; cf. F. bon march['e], [`a] bon march['e]. See
{Cheap}, n., {Cheapen}.]
1. Having a low price in market; of small cost or price, as
compared with the usual price or the real value.
Where there are a great sellers to a few buyers,
there the thing to be sold will be cheap. --Locke.
2. Of comparatively small value; common; mean.
You grow cheap in every subject's eye. --Dryden.
{Dog cheap}, very cheap, -- a phrase formed probably by the
catachrestical transposition of good cheap. [Colloq.]
Cheap \Cheap\, adv.
Cheaply. --Milton.
Cheap \Cheap\, v. i.
To buy; to bargain. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cheapen \Cheap"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cheapened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cheapening}.] [OE. cheapien, chepen, to trade, buy,
sell, AS. ce['a]pian; akin to D. koopen to buy, G. kaufen,
Icel. kaupa, Goth. kaup[=o]n to trade. Cf. {Chap} to
bargain.]
1. To ask the price of; to bid, bargain, or chaffer for.
[Obsoles.]
Pretend to cheapen goods, but nothing buy. --Swift.
2. [Cf. {Cheap}, a.] To beat down the price of; to lessen the
value of; to depreciate. --Pope.
My proffered love has cheapened me. --Dryden.
Cheapener \Cheap"en*er\, n.
One who cheapens.
Cheap-jack \Cheap"-jack`\, Cheap-john \Cheap"-john`\, n.
A seller of low-priced or second goods; a hawker.
Cheaply \Cheap"ly\, adv.
At a small price; at a low value; in a common or inferior
manner.
Cheapness \Cheap"ness\, n.
Lowness in price, considering the usual price, or real value.
Chear \Chear\, n. & v. [Obs.]
See {Cheer}.
Cheat \Cheat\, n. [rob. an abbrevation of escheat, lands or
tenements that fall to a lord or to the state by forfeiture,
or by the death of the tenant without heirs; the meaning
being explained by the frauds, real or supposed, that were
resorted to in procuring escheats. See {Escheat}.]
1. An act of deception or fraud; that which is the means of
fraud or deception; a fraud; a trick; imposition;
imposture.
When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat. --Dryden.
2. One who cheats or deceives; an impostor; a deceiver; a
cheater.
Airy wonders, which cheats interpret. --Johnson
3. (Bot.) A troublesome grass, growing as a weed in grain
fields; -- called also {chess}. See {Chess}.
4. (Law) The obtaining of property from another by an
intentional active distortion of the truth.
Note: When cheats are effected by deceitful or illegal
symbols or tokens which may affect the public at large
and against which common prudence could not have
guarded, they are indictable at common law. --Wharton.
Syn: Deception; imposture; fraud; delusion; artifice; trick;
swindle; deceit; guile; finesse; stratagem.
Cheat \Cheat\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cheated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cheating}.] [See {Cheat}, n., {Escheat}.]
1. To deceive and defraud; to impose upon; to trick; to
swindle.
I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his
cunning hath cheated me of this island. --Shak.
2. To beguile. --Sir W. Scott.
To cheat winter of its dreariness. --W. Irving.
Syn: To trick; cozen; gull; chouse; fool; outwit; circumvent;
beguile; mislead; dupe; swindle; defraud; overreach;
delude; hoodwink; deceive; bamboozle.
Cheat \Cheat\, v. i.
To practice fraud or trickery; as, to cheat at cards.
Cheat \Cheat\, n. [Perh. from OF. chet['e] goods, chattels.]
Wheat, or bread made from wheat. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Their purest cheat, Thrice bolted, kneaded, and subdued
in paste. --Chapman.
Cheatable \Cheat"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being cheated.
Cheatableness \Cheat"a*ble*ness\, n.
Capability of being cheated.
Cheater \Cheat"er\, n.
1. One who cheats.
2. An escheator. [R.] --Shak.
Chebacco \Che*bac"co\, n. [From Chebacco, the former name of
Essex, a town in Massachusetts where such vessels were
built.] (Naut.)
A narrow-sterned boat formerly much used in the Newfoundland
fisheries; -- called also {pinkstern} and {chebec}.
--Bartlett.
Chebec \Che"bec\, n. (Naut.)
See {Chebacco}.
Chebec \Che*bec"\, n. [Named from its note.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small American bird ({Empidonax minimus}); the least
flycatcher.
Check \Check\, n. [OE. chek, OF. eschec, F. ['e]chec, a stop,
hindrance, orig. check in the game of chess, pl. ['e]checs
chess, through AR., fr. Pers. sh[=a]h king. See {Shah}, and
cf. {Checkmate}, {Chess}, {Checker}.]
1. (Chess) A word of warning denoting that the king is in
danger; such a menace of a player's king by an adversary's
move as would, if it were any other piece, expose it to
immediate capture. A king so menaced is said to be in
check, and must be made safe at the next move.
2. A condition of interrupted or impeded progress; arrest;
stop; delay; as, to hold an enemy in check.
Which gave a remarkable check to the first progress
of Christianity. --Addison.
No check, no stay, this streamlet fears.
--Wordsworth.
3. Whatever arrests progress, or limits action; an obstacle,
guard, restraint, or rebuff.
Useful check upon the administration of government.
--Washington.
A man whom no check could abash. --Macaulay.
4. A mark, certificate, or token, by which, errors may be
prevented, or a thing or person may be identified; as,
checks placed against items in an account; a check given
for baggage; a return check on a railroad.
5. A written order directing a bank or banker to pay money as
therein stated. See {Bank check}, below.
6. A woven or painted design in squares resembling the patten
of a checkerboard; one of the squares of such a design;
also, cloth having such a figure.
7. (Falconry) The forsaking by a hawk of its proper game to
follow other birds.
8. Small chick or crack.
{Bank check}, a written order on a banker or broker to pay
money in his keeping belonging to the signer.
{Check book}, a book containing blank forms for checks upon a
bank.
{Check hook}, a hook on the saddle of a harness, over which a
checkrein is looped.
{Check list}, a list or catalogue by which things may be
verified, or on which they may be checked.
{Check nut} (Mech.), a secondary nut, screwing down upon the
primary nut to secure it. --Knight.
{Check valve} (Mech.), a valve in the feed pipe of a boiler
to prevent the return of the feed water.
{To take check}, to take offense. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Syn: Hindrance; setback; interruption; obstruction;
reprimand; censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuff;
tally; counterfoil; counterbalance; ticket; draft.
Check \Check\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Checked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{checking}.]
1. (Chess) To make a move which puts an adversary's piece,
esp. his king, in check; to put in check.
2. To put a sudden restraint upon; to stop temporarily; to
hinder; to repress; to curb.
So many clogs to check and retard the headlong
course of violence and oppression. --Burke.
3. To verify, to guard, to make secure, by means of a mark,
token, or other check; to distinguish by a check; to put a
mark against (an item) after comparing with an original or
a counterpart in order to secure accuracy; as, to check an
account; to check baggage.
4. To chide, rebuke, or reprove.
The good king, his master, will check him for it.
--Shak.
5. (Naut.) To slack or ease off, as a brace which is too
stiffly extended.
6. To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack; as, the
sun checks timber.
Syn: To restrain; curb; bridle; repress; control; hinder;
impede; obstruct; interrupt; tally; rebuke; reprove;
rebuff.
Check \Check\, v. i.
To make a stop; to pause; -- with at.
The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power,
either is disabled for the future, or else checks at
any vigorous undertaking ever after. --Locke.
2. To clash or interfere. [R.] --Bacon.
3. To act as a curb or restraint.
It [his presence] checks too strong upon me.
--Dryden.
4. To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to crack in
small checks, as varnish, paint, etc.
5. (Falconry) To turn, when in pursuit of proper game, and
fly after other birds.
And like the haggard, check at every feather That
comes before his eye. --Shak.
Check \Check\, a.
Checkered; designed in checks.
Checkage \Check"age\, n.
1. The act of checking; as, the checkage of a name or of an
item in a list.
2. The items, or the amount, to which attention is called by
a check or checks.
Checker \Check"er\, n. [From {Check}, v. t.]
One who checks.
Checker \Check"er\ (ch[e^]k"[~e]r), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Checkered} (-[~e]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Checkering}.] [From
OF. eschequier a chessboard, F. ['e]chiquier. See {Check},
n., and cf. 3d {Checker}.]
1. To mark with small squares like a checkerboard, as by
crossing stripes of different colors.
2. To variegate or diversify with different qualities,
colors, scenes, or events; esp., to subject to frequent
alternations of prosperity and adversity.
Our minds are, as it were, checkered with truth and
falsehood. --Addison.
Checker \Check"er\, n. [OF. eschequier. See {Checker}, v. t.]
1. A piece in the game of draughts or checkers.
2. A pattern in checks; a single check.
3. Checkerwork.
Note: This word is also written chequer.
Checkerberry \Check"er*ber`ry\ (-b[e^]r"r[y^]), n.; pl.
{Checkerberries}. (Bot.)
A spicy plant and its bright red berry; the wintergreen
({Gaultheria procumbens}). Also incorrectly applied to the
partridge berry ({Mitchella repens}).
Checkerboard \Check"er*board\ (-b[=o]rd`), n.
A board with sixty-four squares of alternate color, used for
playing checkers or draughts.
Checkered \Check"ered\ (-[~e]rd), a.
1. Marked with alternate squares or checks of different color
or material.
Dancing in the checkered shade. --Milton.
2. Diversified or variegated in a marked manner, as in
appearance, character, circumstances, etc.
This checkered narrative. --Macaulay.
Checkers \Check"ers\ (ch[e^]k"[~e]rz), n. pl. [See {Checher},
v.]
A game, called also {daughts}, played on a checkerboard by
two persons, each having twelve men (counters or checkers)
which are moved diagonally. The game is ended when either of
the players has lost all his men, or can not move them.
Checkerwork \Check"er*work`\, n.
1. Work consisting of or showing checkers varied alternately
as to colors or materials.
2. Any aggregate of varied vicissitudes.
How strange a checkerwork of Providence is the life
of man. --De Foe.
Checklaton \Check"la*ton\, n.
1. Ciclatoun. [Obs.]
2. Gilded leather. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Checkless \Check"less\, a.
That can not be checked or restrained.
Checkmate \Check"mate\, n. [F. ['e]chec et mat, fr. Per. sh[=a]h
m[=a]t ceckmate, lit., the king is dead, fr. Ar. m[=a]ta he
died, is dead. The king, when made prisoner, or checkmated,
is assumed to be dead, and the game is finished. See
{Chess}.]
1. The position in the game of chess when a king is in check
and cannot be released, -- which ends the game.
2. A complete check; utter defeat or overthrow.
Checkmate \Check"mate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Checkmated}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Checkmating}.]
1. (Chess) To check (an adversary's king) in such a manner
that escape in impossible; to defeat (an adversary) by
putting his king in check from which there is no escape.
2. To defeat completely; to terminate; to thwart.
To checkmate and control my just demands. --Ford.
Checkrein \Check"rein`\, n.
1. A short rein looped over the check hook to prevent a horse
from lowering his head; -- called also a {bearing rein}.
2. A branch rein connecting the driving rein of one horse of
a span or pair with the bit of the other horse.
Checkroll \Check"roll`\, n.
A list of servants in a household; -- called also {chequer
roll}.
Checkstring \Check"string`\, n.
A cord by which a person in a carriage or horse car may
signal to the driver.
Checkwork \Check"work\, n.
Anything made so as to form alternate squares like those of a
checkerboard.
Checky \Check"y\ (ch[e^]k"[y^]), a. (Her.)
Divided into small alternating squares of two tinctures; --
said of the field or of an armorial bearing. [Written also
{checquy}, {chequy}.]
Cheddar \Ched"dar\, a.
Of or pertaining to, or made at, Cheddar, in England; as,
Cheddar cheese.
Cheek \Cheek\ (ch[=e]k), n. [OE. cheke, cheoke, AS. ce[`a]ce,
ce[`o]ce; cf. Goth. kukjan to kiss, D. kaak cheek; perh. akin
to E. chew, jaw.]
1. The side of the face below the eye.
2. The cheek bone. [Obs.] --Caucer.
3. pl. (Mech.) Those pieces of a machine, or of any timber,
or stone work, which form corresponding sides, or which
are similar and in pair; as, the cheeks (jaws) of a vise;
the cheeks of a gun carriage, etc.
4. pl. The branches of a bridle bit. --Knight.
5. (Founding) A section of a flask, so made that it can be
moved laterally, to permit the removal of the pattern from
the mold; the middle part of a flask.
6. Cool confidence; assurance; impudence. [Slang]
{Cheek of beef}. See Illust. of {Beef}.
{Cheek bone} (Anat.) the bone of the side of the face; esp.,
the malar bone.
{Cheek by jowl}, side by side; very intimate.
{Cheek pouch} (Zo["o]l.), a sacklike dilation of the cheeks
of certain monkeys and rodents, used for holding food.
{Cheeks of a block}, the two sides of the shell of a tackle
block.
{Cheeks of a mast}, the projection on each side of a mast,
upon which the trestletrees rest.
{Cheek tooth} (Anat.), a hinder or molar tooth.
{Butment cheek}. See under {Butment}.
Cheek \Cheek\, v. t.
To be impudent or saucy to. [Slang.]
Cheeked \Cheeked\, a.
Having a cheek; -- used in composition. ``Rose-cheeked
Adonis.'' --Shak.
Cheeky \Cheek"y\,
a Brazen-faced; impudent; bold. [Slang.]
Cheep \Cheep\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cheeped}.] [Cf. {Chirp}].
To chirp, as a young bird.
Cheep \Cheep\, v. t.
To give expression to in a chirping tone.
Cheep and twitter twenty million loves. --Tennyson.
Cheep \Cheep\, n.
A chirp, peep, or squeak, as of a young bird or mouse.
Cheer \Cheer\ (ch[=e]r), n. [OE. chere face, welcome, cheer, OF.
chiere, F. ch[`e]re, fr. LL. cara face, Gr. ? head; akin to
Skr. [,c]iras, L. cerebrum brain, G. hirn, and E. cranium.]
1. The face; the countenance or its expression. [Obs.]
``Sweat of thy cheer.'' --Wyclif.
2. Feeling; spirit; state of mind or heart.
Be of good cheer. --Matt. ix. 2.
The parents . . . fled away with heavy cheer.
--Holland.
3. Gayety; mirth; cheerfulness; animation.
I have not that alacrity of spirit, Nor cheer of
mind, that I was wont to have. --Shak.
1. That which promotes good spirits or cheerfulness;
provisions prepared for a feast; entertainment; as, a
table loaded with good cheer.
5. A shout, hurrah, or acclamation, expressing joy
enthusiasm, applause, favor, etc.
Welcome her, thundering cheer of the street.
--Tennyson.
{Whzt cheer}? Now do you fare? What is there that is
cheering?
Cheer \Cheer\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cheered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{cheering}.]
1. To cause to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; --
often with up. --Cowpe.
2. To infuse life, courage, animation, or hope, into; to
inspirit; to solace or comfort.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered.
--Dryden.
3. To salute or applaud with cheers; to urge on by cheers;
as, to cheer hounds in a chase.
{To cheer ship}, to salute a passing ship by cheers of
sailors stationed in the rigging.
Syn: To gladden; encourage; inspirit; comfort; console;
enliven; refresh; exhilarate; animate; applaud.
Cheer \Cheer\, v. i.
1. To grow cheerful; to become gladsome or joyous; -- usually
with up.
At sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers up. --A.
Philips.
2. To be in any state or temper of mind. [Obs.]
How cheer'st thou, Jessica? --Shak.
3. To utter a shout or shouts of applause, triumph, etc.
And even the ranks of Tusculum Could scare forbear
to cheer. --Macaulay.
Cheerer \Cheer"er\, n.
One who cheers; one who, or that which, gladdens. ``Thou
cheerer of our days.'' --Wotton. ``Prime cheerer, light.''
--Thomson.
Cheerful \Cheer"ful\, a.
Having or showing good spirits or joy; cheering; cheery;
contented; happy; joyful; lively; animated; willing.
To entertain a cheerful disposition. --Shak.
The cheerful birds of sundry kind Do chant sweet music.
--Spenser.
A cheerful confidence in the mercy of God. --Macaulay.
This general applause and cheerful shout. --Shak.
Syn: Lively; animated; gay; joyful; lightsome; gleeful;
blithe; airy; sprightly; jocund; jolly; joyous;
vivacious; buoyant; sunny; happy; hopeful.
Cheerfully \Cheer"ful*ly\, adv.
In a cheerful manner, gladly.
Cheerfulness \Cheer"ful*ness\, n.
Good spirits; a state of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.
Cheerily \Cheer"i*ly\, adv.
In a cheery manner.
Cheeriness \Cheer"i*ness\, n.
The state of being cheery.
Cheeringly \Cheer"ing*ly\, adv.
In a manner to cheer or encourage.
Cheerisness \Cheer"is*ness\, n.
Cheerfulness. [Obs.]
There is no Christian duty that is not to be seasoned
and set off with cheerishness. --Milton.
Cheerless \Cheer"less\, a.
Without joy, gladness, or comfort. -- {Cheer"less*ly}, adv.
-- {Cheer"less*ness}, n.
My cheerful day is turned to cheerles night. --Spenser.
Syn: Gloomy; sad; comfortless; dispiriting; dicsconsolate;
dejected; melancholy; forlorn.
Cheerly \Cheer"ly\, a.
Gay; cheerful. [Obs.] --Shak.
Cheerly \Cheer"ly\, adv.
Cheerily. [Archaic] --Tennyson.
Cheerry \Cheer"ry\, a.
Cheerful; lively; gay; bright; pleasant; as, a cheery person.
His cheery little study, where the sunshine glimmered
so pleasantly. --Hawthorne.
Cheese \Cheese\, n. [OE. chese, AS. c[=e]se, fr. L. caseus, LL.
casius. Cf. {Casein}.]
1. The curd of milk, coagulated usually with rennet,
separated from the whey, and pressed into a solid mass in
a hoop or mold.
2. A mass of pomace, or ground apples, pressed together in
the form of a cheese.
3. The flat, circular, mucilaginous fruit of the dwarf mallow
({Malva rotundifolia}). [Colloq.]
4. A low courtesy; -- so called on account of the cheese form
assumed by a woman's dress when she stoops after extending
the skirts by a rapid gyration. --De Quincey. --Thackeray.
{Cheese cake}, a cake made of or filled with, a composition
of soft curds, sugar, and butter. --Prior.
{Cheese fly} (Zo["o]l.), a black dipterous insect ({Piophila
casei}) of which the larv[ae] or maggots, called skippers
or hoppers, live in cheese.
{Cheese mite} (Zo["o]l.), a minute mite ({Tryoglyhus siro})
in cheese and other articles of food.
{Cheese press}, a press used in making cheese, to separate
the whey from the curd, and to press the curd into a mold.
{Cheese rennet} (Bot.), a plant of the Madder family ({Golium
verum}, or {yellow bedstraw}), sometimes used to coagulate
milk. The roots are used as a substitute for madder.
{Cheese vat}, a vat or tub in which the curd is formed and
cut or broken, in cheese making.
Cheeselep \Cheese"lep\, n. [Cf. {Keslop}.]
A bag in which rennet is kept.
Cheesemonger \Cheese"mon`ger\, n.
One who deals in cheese. --B. Jonson.
Cheeseparing \Cheese"par`ing\, n.
A thin portion of the rind of a cheese. -- a. Scrimping;
mean; as, cheeseparing economy.
Cheesiness \Chees"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being cheesy.
Cheesy \Chees"y\, a.
Having the nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or
appearance of cheese.
Cheetah \Chee"tah\, n. [Hind. ch[=i]t[=a].] (Zo["o]l.)
A species of leopard ({Cyn[ae]lurus jubatus}) tamed and used
for hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is
{C. laneus}. [Written also {chetah}.]
Chef \Chef\, n. [F.]
1. A chief of head person.
2. The head cook of large establishment, as a club, a family,
etc.
3. (Her.) Same as {Chief}.
Chef-d'oeuvre \Chef`-d'[oe]uvre"\, n.; pl. {Chefs-d'[oe]uvre}.
[F.]
A masterpiece; a capital work in art, literature, etc.
Chegoe \Cheg"oe\, Chegre \Cheg"re\, n.
See {Chigoe}.
Cheiloplasty \Chei"lo*plas`ty\, n. [Gr. ? a lip + -plasty.]
(Surg.)
The process of forming an artificial tip or part of a lip, by
using for the purpose a piece of healthy tissue taken from
some neighboring part.
Cheilopoda \Chei*lop"o*da\, n. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Ch?lopoda}.
Cheirepter \Chei*rep"ter\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cheiroptera.
Cheiroptera \Chei*rop"te*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? hand + ?
wing.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of mammalia, including the bats, having four toes of
each of the anterior limbs elongated and connected by a web,
so that they can be used like wings in flying. See {Bat}.
Cheiropterous \Chei*rop"ter*ous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to the Cheiroptera, or Bat family.
Cheiropterygium \Chei*rop`te*ryg"i*um\, n.; pl.
{Cheiropterygia}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? hand + ?; ? wing, fin.]
(Anat.)
The typical pentadactyloid limb of the higher vertebrates.
Cheirosophy \Chei*ros"o*phy\, n. [Gr. ? hand + ? knowledge.]
The art of reading character as it is delineated in the hand.
-- {Chei*ros"o*phist}, n.
Cheirotherium \Chei`ro*the"ri*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? hand + ?
beast.] (Poleon.)
A genus of extinct animals, so named from fossil footprints
rudely resembling impressions of the human hand, and believed
to have been made by labyrinthodont reptiles. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Chekelatoun \Chek`e*la*toun"\, n.
See {Ciclatoun}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chekmak \Chek"mak\, n.
A turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread
interwoven.
Chela \Che"la\, n.; pl. {Chel[ae]}. [NL., fr. Gr. chhlh` claw.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The pincherlike claw of Crustacea and Arachnida.
Chelate \Che"late\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Cheliferous}.
Chelerythrine \Chel`e*ryth"rine\, n. [Gr. ? celandine +
'eryqro`s red.] (Chem.)
An alkaloidal principle obtained from the celandine, and
named from the red color of its salts. It is a colorless
crystalline substance, and acts as an acrid narcotic poison.
It is identical with {sanguinarine}.
Chelicera \Che*lic"e*ra\ (k[-e]*l[i^]s"[-e]*r[.a]), n.; pl.
{Chelicer[ae]} (-r[=e]). [NL., fr. Gr. chhlh` claw + ke`ras
horn.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the anterior pair of mouth organs, terminated by a
pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied Arachnida. They are
homologous with the falcers of spiders, and probably with the
mandibles of insects.
Chelidon \Chel"i*don\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. chelidw`n.] (Anat.)
The hollow at the flexure of the arm.
Chelidonic \Chel`i*don"ic\, a. [See {Celandine}.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the celandine.
{Chelidonic acid}, a weak acid extracted from the celandine
({Chelidonium majus}), as a white crystalline substance.
Chelidonius \Chel`i*do"ni*us\, n. [L. (sc. lapillus.)]
A small stone taken from the gizzard of a young swallow. --
anciently worn as a medicinal charm.
Chelifer \Chel"i*fer\, n. [Gr. chhlh` claw + -fer.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Book scorpion}, under {Book}.
Cheliferous \Che*lif"er*ous\, a. [Gr. chhlh` claw + -ferous.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having cheliform claws, like a crab.
Cheliform \Chel"i*form\, a. [Gr. chhlh` claw + -form.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having a movable joint or finger closing against a preceding
joint or a projecting part of it, so that the whole may be
used for grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.
Chelone \Che*lo"ne\, n. [Gr. chelw`nh a tortoise. So named from
shape of the upper lip of the corolla.] (Bot.)
A genus of hardy perennial flowering plants, of the order
{Scrophulariace[ae]}, natives of North America; -- called
also {snakehead}, {turtlehead}, {shellflower}, etc.
Chelonia \Che*lo"ni*a\ (k[-e]*l[=o]"n[i^]*[.a]), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. chelw`nh a tortoise.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of reptiles, including the tortoises and turtles,
peculiar in having a part of the vertebr[ae], ribs, and
sternum united with the dermal plates so as to form a firm
shell. The jaws are covered by a horny beak. See {Reptilia};
also, Illust. in Appendix.
Chelonian \Che*lo"ni*an\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to animals of the tortoise kind. -- n. One
of the Chelonia.
Chelura \Che*lu"ra\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. chhlh` claw + ? tail.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of marine amphipod crustacea, which bore into and
sometimes destroy timber.
Chely \Che"ly\, n.
A claw. See {Chela}. [Obs.]
Chemic \Chem"ic\, n. [See {Chenistry}.]
1. A chemist; an alchemist. [Obs.]
2. (Bleaching) A solution of chloride of lime.
Chemic \Chem"ic\, a.
Chemical. --Blackw. Mag.
Chemical \Chem"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the
forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes
of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical combinations.
{Chemical} {attraction or affinity}. See under {Attraction}.
Chemical \Chem"ic*al\, n.
A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Chemically \Chem"ic*al*ly\, adv.
According to chemical principles; by chemical process or
operation.
Chemiglyphic \Chem`i*glyph"ic\, a. [Chemical + ? to engrave.]
Engraved by a voltaic battery.
Chemiloon \Chem`i*loon"\, n.
A garment for women, consisting of chemise and drawers united
in one. [U. S.]
Chemise \Che*mise"\, n. [F., shirt, fr. LL. camisa, camisia,
shirt, thin dress; cf. G. hemd, or OIr. caimmse sort of
garment. Cf. {Camis}.]
1. A shift, or undergarment, worn by women.
2. A wall that lines the face of a bank or earthwork.
Chemisette \Chem`i*sette"\, n.[F., dim. of chemise.]
An under-garment, worn by women, usually covering the neck,
shoulders, and breast.
Chemism \Chem"ism\, n. [Cf. F. chimisme. See {Chemistry}.]
The force exerted between the atoms of elementary substance
whereby they unite to form chemical compounds; chemical
attaction; affinity; -- sometimes used as a general
expression for chemical activity or relationship.
Chemist \Chem"ist\, n. [Shortened from alchemist; cf. F.
chimiste.]
A person versed in chemistry or given to chemical
investigation; an analyst; a maker or seller of chemicals or
drugs.
Chemistry \Chem"is*try\ (k[e^]m"[i^]s*tr[y^]; 277), n. [From
{Chemist}. See {Alchemy}.]
1. That branch of science which treats of the composition of
substances, and of the changes which they undergo in
consequence of alterations in the constitution of the
molecules, which depend upon variations of the number,
kind, or mode of arrangement, of the constituent atoms.
These atoms are not assumed to be indivisible, but merely
the finest grade of subdivision hitherto attained.
Chemistry deals with the changes in the composition and
constitution of molecules. See {Atom}, {Molecule}.
Note: Historically, chemistry is an outgrowth of alchemy (or
alchemistry), with which it was anciently identified.
2. An application of chemical theory and method to the
consideration of some particular subject; as, the
chemistry of iron; the chemistry of indigo.
3. A treatise on chemistry.
Note: This word and its derivatives were formerly written
with y, and sometimes with i, instead of e, in the
first syllable, chymistry, chymist, chymical, etc., or
chimistry, chimist, chimical, etc.; and the
pronunciation was conformed to the orthography.
{Inorganic chemistry}, that which treats of inorganic or
mineral substances.
{Organic chemistry}, that which treats of the substances
which form the structure of organized beings and their
products, whether animal or vegetable; -- called also
{chemistry of the carbon compounds}. There is no
fundamental difference between organic and inorganic
chemistry.
{Physiological chemistry}, the chemistry of the organs and
tissues of the body, and of the various physiological
processes incident to life.
{Practical chemistry}, or {Applied chemistry}, that which
treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of
chemistry that are useful in the arts, of their
applications to economical purposes, and of the conditions
essential to their best use.
{Pure chemistry}, the consideration of the facts and theories
of chemistry in their purely scientific relations, without
necessary reference to their practical applications or
mere utility.
Chemitype \Chem"i*type\, n. [Chemical + -type.] (Engraving)
One of a number of processes by which an impression from an
engraved plate is obtained in relief, to be used for printing
on an ordinary printing press.
Chemolysis \Che*mol"y*sis\, n. [Chemical + Gr. ? a loosing.]
A term sometimes applied to the decomposition of organic
substance into more simple bodies, by the use of chemical
agents alone. --Thudichum.
Chemosmosis \Chem`os*mo"sis\, n. [Chemical + osmosis.]
Chemical action taking place through an intervening membrane.
Chemosmotic \Chem`os*mot"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or produced by, chemosmosis. [R.]
Chemung period \Che*mung" pe"ri*od\, (Geol.)
A subdivision in the upper part of the Devonian system in
America, so named from the Chemung River, along which the
rocks are well developed. It includes the Portage and Chemung
groups or epochs. See the Diagram under {Geology}.
Cheng \Cheng\, n. [Chinese.]
A chinese reed instrument, with tubes, blown by the mouth.
Chenille \Che*nille"\ (sh[-e]*n[=e]l"), n. [F., prop., a
caterpillar.]
Tufted cord, of silk or worsted, for the trimming of ladies'
dresses, for embroidery and fringes, and for the weft of
Chenille rugs.
Chenomorphae \Che`no*mor"ph[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? the
wild goose + ? form.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of birds, including the swans, ducks, geese,
flamingoes and screamers.
Chepster \Chep"ster\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European starling. [Local, Eng.]
Cheque \Cheque\, n.
See {Check}.
Chequer \Cheq"uer\, n. & v.
Same as {Checker}.
Chequing \Che*quing"\, n.
A coin. See {Sequin}. --Shak.
Chequy \Cheq"uy\, n. (Her.)
Same as {Checky}.
Cherif \Cher"if\, n.
See {Cherif}.
Cherimoyer \Cher`i*moy"er\, n. [F. ch['e]rimolier.] (Bot.)
1. A small downy-leaved tree ({Anona Cherimolia}), with
fragrant flowers. It is a native of Peru.
2. Its delicious fruit, which is succulent, dark purple, and
similar to the custard apple of the West Indies.
Cherish \Cher"ish\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cherished}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cherising}.] [F. ch['e]rir, fr. cher dear, fr. L.
carus. See {Caress}, {Finish}.]
1. To treat with tenderness and affection; to nurture with
care; to protect and aid.
We were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth
her children. --1 Thess. ii.
7.
2. To hold dear; to embrace with interest; to indulge; to
encourage; to foster; to promote; as, to cherish religious
principle.
To cherish virtue and humanity. --Burke.
Syn: To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain;
encourage; comfort; protect; support; See {Nurture}.
Cherisher \Cher"ish*er\, n.
One who cherishes.
The cherisher of my flesh and blood. --Shak.
Cherishment \Cher"ish*ment\, n.
Encouragement; comfort. [Obs.]
Rich bounty and dear cherishment. --Spenser.
Chermes \Cher"mes\, n.
See {Kermes}.
Cherogril \Cher"o*gril\, n. [L. choerogryllus, Gr. ?; ? a yuong
swine + ? a pig.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Cony}.
Cherokees \Cher`o*kees"\, n. pl.; sing. {Cherokee}. (Ethnol.)
An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the
region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are
now mostly settled in the Indian Territory, and have become
one of the most civilized of the Indian Tribes.
Cheroot \Che*root"\, n. [Tamil shuruttu, prop., a roll.]
A kind of cigar, originally brought from Mania, in the
Philippine Islands; now often made of inferior or adulterated
tobacco.
Cherry \Cher"ry\, n. [OE. chery, for cherys, fr. F. cerise (cf.
AS. cyrs cherry), fr. LL. ceresia, fr. L. cerasus Cherry
tree, Gr. ?, perh. fr. ? horn, from the hardness of the
wood.]
1. (Bot.) A tree or shrub of the genus {Prunus} (Which also
includes the plum) bearing a fleshy drupe with a bony
stone;
(a) The common garden cherry ({Prunus Cerasus}), of which
several hundred varieties are cultivated for the
fruit, some of which are, the begarreau, blackheart,
black Tartarian, oxheart, morelle or morello, May-duke
(corrupted from M['e]doc in France).
(b) The wild cherry; as, {Prunus serotina} (wild black
cherry), valued for its timber; {P. Virginiana} (choke
cherry), an American shrub which bears astringent
fruit; {P. avium} and {P. Padus}, European trees (bird
cherry).
2. The fruit of the cherry tree, a drupe of various colors
and flavors.
3. The timber of the cherry tree, esp. of the black cherry,
used in cabinetmaking, etc.
4. A peculiar shade of red, like that of a cherry.
{Barbadoes cherry}. See under {Barbadoes}.
{Cherry bird} (Zo["o]l.), an American bird; the cedar bird;
-- so called from its fondness for cherries.
{Cherry bounce}, cherry brandy and sugar.
{Cherry brandy}, brandy in which cherries have been steeped.
{Cherry laurel} (Bot.), an evergreen shrub ({Prunus
Lauro-cerasus}) common in shrubberies, the poisonous
leaves of which have a flavor like that of bitter almonds.
{Cherry pepper} (Bot.), a species of {Capsicum} ({C.
cerasiforme}), with small, scarlet, intensely piquant
cherry-shaped fruit.
{Cherry pit}.
(a) A child's play, in which cherries are thrown into a
hole. --Shak.
(b) A cherry stone.
{Cherry rum}, rum in which cherries have been steeped.
{Cherry sucker} (Zo["o]l.), the European spotted flycatcher
({Musicapa grisola}); -- called also {cherry chopper}
{cherry snipe}.
{Cherry tree}, a tree that bears cherries.
{Ground cherry}, {Winter cherry}, See {Alkekengi}.
Cherry \Cher"ry\ (ch[e^]r"r[y^]), a.
Like a red cherry in color; ruddy; blooming; as, a cherry
lip; cherry cheeks.
Chersonese \Cher"so*nese\ (k[~e]r"s[-o]*n[=e]s), n. [Gr.
cherso`nhsos; che`rsos land + nh`sos island.]
A peninsula; a tract of land nearly surrounded by water, but
united to a larger tract by a neck of land or isthmus; as,
the Cimbric Chersonese, or Jutland; the Tauric Chersonese, or
Crimea.
Chert \Chert\, n. [Ir. ceart stone, perh. akin to E. crag.]
(Min.)
An impure, massive, flintlike quartz or hornstone, of a dull
color.
Cherty \Chert"y\, a.
Like chert; containing chert; flinty.
Cherub \Cher"ub\, n.; pl. {Cherubs}; but the Hebrew plural
{Cherubim}is also used. [Heb. ker[=u]b.]
1. A mysterious composite being, the winged footstool and
chariot of the Almighty, described in --Ezekiel i. and x.
I knew that they were the cherubim. --Ezek. x. 20.
He rode upon a cherub and did fly. --Ps. xviii.
10.
2. A symbolical winged figure of unknown form used in
connection with the mercy seat of the Jewish Ark and
Temple. --Ez. xxv. 18.
3. One of a order of angels, variously represented in art. In
European painting the cherubim have been shown as blue, to
denote knowledge, as distinguished from the seraphim (see
{Seraph}), and in later art the children's heads with
wings are generally called cherubs.
4. A beautiful child; -- so called because artists have
represented cherubs as beautiful children.
Cherubic \Che*ru"bic\, Cherubical \Che*ru"bic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to cherubs; angelic. ``The cherubic host.''
--Milton.
Cherubim \Cher"u*bim\, n.
The Hebrew plural of {Cherub}.. Cf. {Seraphim}.
Note: Cherubims, in the King James version of the bible, is
an incorrect form, made by adding the English plural
termination to the Hebrew plural cherubim instead of to
the singular cherub.
Cherubin \Cher"u*bin\, a.
Cherubic; angelic. [Obs.] --Shak.
Cherubin \Cher"u*bin\, n.
A cherub. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Cherup \Cher"up\, v. i. [Prob. fr. chirp.]
To make a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to chirp. See
{Chirrup}. ``Cheruping birds.'' --Drayton.
Cherup \Cher"up\, v. t.
To excite or urge on by making a short, shrill, cheerful
sound; to cherup to. See {Chirrup}.
He cherups brisk ear-erecting steed. --Cowper.
Cherup \Cher"up\, n.
A short, sharp, cheerful noise; a chirp; a chirrup; as, the
cherup of a cricket.
Chervil \Cher"vil\, n. [AS. cerfille, fr. L. caerefolium,
chaerephyllum, Gr. ?; ? to rejoice + ? leaf.] (Bot.)
A plant ({Anthriscus cerefolium}) with pinnately divided
aromatic leaves, of which several curled varieties are used
in soups and salads.
Ches \Ches\,
pret. of {Chese}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chese \Chese\, v. t.
To choose [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chesible \Ches"i*ble\, n.
See {Chasuble}.
Cheslip \Ches"lip\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The wood louse. [Prov. Eng.]
Chess \Chess\, n. [OE. ches, F. ['e]checs, prop. pl. of ['e]chec
check. See 1st {Check}.]
A game played on a chessboard, by two persons, with two
differently colored sets of men, sixteen in each set. Each
player has a king, a queen, two bishops, two knights, two
castles or rooks, and eight pawns.
Chess \Chess\, n. (Bot.)
A species of brome grass ({Bromus secalinus}) which is a
troublesome weed in wheat fields, and is often erroneously
regarded as degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very
slight resemblance to oats, and if reaped and ground up with
wheat, so as to be used for food, is said to produce narcotic
effects; -- called also {cheat} and {Willard's bromus}. [U.
S.]
Note: Other species of brome grass are called upright chess,
soft chess, etc.
Chess-apple \Chess"-ap`ple\, n.
The wild service of Europe ({Purus torminalis}).
Chessboard \Chess"board`\, n.
The board used in the game of chess, having eight rows of
alternate light and dark squares, eight in each row. See
{Checkerboard}.
Note: The chessboard and the checkerboard are alike.
Chessel \Ches"sel\, n.
The wooden mold in which cheese is pressed. --Simmonds.
Chesses \Chess"es\, n. pl. [Cf. F. chassis a framework of
carpenty.] (Mil.)
The platforms, consisting of two or more planks doweled
together, for the flooring of a temporary military bridge.
--Wilhelm.
Note: A singular, chess, is sometimes used. ``Each chess
consists of three planks.'' --Farrow.
Chessil \Ches"sil\, n. [OE. chesil, AS. ceosel gravel, sand.]
Gravel or pebbles. --Halliwell.
Chessman \Chess"man\, n.; pl. {Chessmen}.
A piece used in the game of chess.
Chessom \Ches"som\, n. [Cf. {Chisley}.]
Mellow earth; mold. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Chesstree \Chess"tree`\, n. [Cf. F. chassis a framework of
carpentry.] (Naut.)
A piece of oak bolted perpendicularly on the side of a
vessel, to aid in drawing down and securing the clew of the
mainsail.
Chessy copper \Ches`sy" cop"per\ (Min.)
The mineral azurite, found in fine crystallization at Chessy,
near Lyons; called also {chessylite}.
Chest \Chest\ (ch[e^]st), n. [OE. chest, chist, AS. cest, cist,
cyst, L. cista, fr. Gr. ki`sth. Cf. {Cist}, {Cistern}.]
1. A large box of wood, or other material, having, like a
trunk, a lid, but no covering of skin, leather, or cloth.
Heaps of money crowded in the chest. --Dryden.
2. A coffin. [Obs.]
He is now dead and mailed in his cheste. --Chaucer.
3. The part of the body inclosed by the ribs and breastbone;
the thorax.
4. (Com.) A case in which certain goods, as tea, opium, etc.,
are transported; hence, the quantity which such a case
contains.
5. (Mech.) A tight receptacle or box, usually for holding
gas, steam, liquids, etc.; as, the steam chest of an
engine; the wind chest of an organ.
{Bomb chest}, See under {Bomb}.
{Chest of drawers}, a case or movable frame containing
drawers.
Chest \Chest\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chested}.]
1. To deposit in a chest; to hoard.
2. To place in a coffin. [Obs.]
He dieth and is chested. --Gen. 1. 26
(heading).
Chest \Chest\, n. [AS. ce['a]st.]
Strife; contention; controversy. [Obs.] --P. Plowman.
Chested \Chest"ed\, a.
Having (such) a chest; -- in composition; as, broad-chested;
narrow-chested.
Chesterlite \Ches"ter*lite\, n. [See {-lite}.]
A variety of feldspar found in crystals in the county of
Chester, Pennsylvania.
Chesteyn \Ches"teyn\, n.
The chestnut tree. [Obs.]
Wilwe, elm, plane, assch, box, chesteyn. --Chaucer.
Chest founder \Chest" foun`der\ (Far.)
A rheumatic affection of the muscles of the breast and fore
legs of a horse, affecting motion and respiration.
Chestnut \Chest"nut\ (ch[e^]s"n[u^]t), n. [For chesten-nut; OE.
chestein, chesten, chastein, chestnut, fr. AS. cisten in
cisten-be['a]m chestnut tree, influenced by OF. chastaigne,
F. ch[^a]taigne, both the AS. and the F. words coming from L.
castanea a chestnut, Gr. ka`stanon, fr. Ka`stana a city of
Pontus, where chestnut trees grew in abundance, and whence
they were introduced into Europe. Cf. {Castanets}.]
1. (Bot.) The edible nut of a forest tree ({Castanea vesca})
of Europe and America. Commonly two or more of the nuts
grow in a prickly bur.
2. The tree itself, or its light, coarse-grained timber, used
for ornamental work, furniture, etc.
3. A bright brown color, like that of the nut.
4. The horse chestnut (often so used in England).
5. One of the round, or oval, horny plates on the inner sides
of the legs of the horse, and allied animals.
6. An old joke or story. [Slang]
{Chestnut tree}, a tree that bears chestnuts.
Chestnut \Chest"nut\, a.
Of the color of a chestnut; of a reddish brown color; as,
chestnut curls.
Chetah \Che"tah\ (ch[=e]"t[.a]), n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Cheetah}.
Chetvert \Chet"vert\ (ch[e^]t"v[~e]rt), n. [Russ. chetverte.]
A measure of grain equal to 0.7218 of an imperial quarter, or
5.95 Winchester bushels. [Russia]
Chevachie \Chev"a*chie`\, n.
See {Chivachie}. [Obs.]
Chevage \Che"vage\ (ch[=e]"v[asl]j), n.
See {Chiefage}. [Obs.]
Cheval \Che*val"\ (she*v[.a]l"), n.; pl. {Chevaux} (-v[=o]").
[F. See {Cavalcade}.]
A horse; hence, a support or frame.
{Cheval glass}, a mirror swinging in a frame, and large
enough to reflect the full length figure.
Cheval-de-frise \Che*val"-de-frise"\, n.; commonly used in the
pl. {Chevaux-de-frise}. [F.; cheval horse + Frise Friesland,
where it was first used.] (Mil.)
A piece of timber or an iron barrel traversed with
iron-pointed spikes or spears, five or six feet long, used to
defend a passage, stop a breach, or impede the advance of
cavalry, etc.
Obstructions of chain, boom, and cheval-de-frise. --W.
Irving.
Chevalier \Che`va*lier"\, n. [F., fr. LL. caballarius. See
{Cavaller}.]
1. A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man. ``Mount,
chevaliers; to arms.'' --Shak.
2. A member of certain orders of knighthood.
{Chevalier d'industrie}[F.], one who lives by persevering
fraud; a pickpocket; a sharper.
{The Chevalier St. George} (Eng. Hist.), James Francis Edward
Stuart (son of James II.), called ``The Pretender.''
{The Young Chevalier}, Charles Edward Stuart, son of the
Chevalier St. George.
Chevaux \Che*vaux"\ (she*v[=o]"), n. pl.
See {Cheval}.
Cheve \Cheve\ (ch[=e]v), v. i. [OF. chevir. See {Chievance}.]
To come to an issue; to turn out; to succeed; as, to cheve
well in a enterprise. [Prov. or Obs.] --Holland.
Chevelure \Cheve*lure"\, n. [F., head of hair.]
A hairlike envelope.
The nucleus and chevelure of nebulous star. --Sir. W.
Hershel.
Cheven \Chev"en\, n. [Cf. F. chevanne. Cf. {Chavender}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A river fish; the chub. --Sir T. Browne.
Cheventein \Chev"en*tein\, n.
A variant of {Chieftain}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cheveril \Chev"er*il\, n. [OF. chevrel, F. chevreau, kid, dim.
of chevre goat, fr. L. capra. See {Caper}, v. i.]
Soft leather made of kid skin. Fig.: Used as a symbol of
flexibility. [Obs.]
Here's wit of cheveril, that stretches from an inch
narrow to an ell broad. --Shak.
Cheveril \Chev"er*il\, a.
Made of cheveril; pliant. [Obs.]
A cheveril conscience and a searching wit. --Drayton.
Cheverliize \Chev"er*li*ize\, v. i.
To make as pliable as kid leather. [Obs.] --Br. Montagu.
Chevet \Che*vet"\, n. [F., head of the bed, dim. fr. chef head.
See {Chief}.] (Arch.)
The extreme end of the chancel or choir; properly the round
or polygonal part.
Cheviot \Chev"i*ot\, n.
1. A valuable breed of mountain sheep in Scotland, which
takes its name from the Cheviot hills.
2. A woolen fabric, for men's clothing.
Chevisance \Chev"i*sance\, n. [Of. chevisance, chevissance, fr.
chevircome to an end, perform, fr. chef head, end, from L.
caput head. See {Chieve}, {Chief}.]
1. Achievement; deed; performance. [Obs.]
Fortune, the foe of famous chevisance. --Spenser.
2. A bargain; profit; gain. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
3. (O. Eng. Law)
(a) A making of contracts.
(b) A bargain or contract; an agreement about a matter in
dispute, such as a debt; a business compact.
(c) An unlawful agreement or contract.
Chevrette \Chev*rette"\, n. [F., fr. ch['e]vre goat, fr. L.
capra. Cf. {Chevron}.] (Mil.)
A machine for raising guns or mortar into their carriages.
Chevron \Chev"ron\, n. [F., rafter, chevron, from ch['e]vre
goat, OF. chevre, fr. L. capra she-goat. See {Cheveril}.]
1. (Her.) One of the nine honorable ordinaries, consisting of
two broad bands of the width of the bar, issuing,
respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of the
field and conjoined at its center.
2. (Mil.) A distinguishing mark, above the elbow, on the
sleeve of a non-commissioned officer's coat.
3. (Arch.) A zigzag molding, or group of moldings, common in
Norman architecture.
{Chevron bones} (Anat.), The V-shaped subvertebral arches
which inclose the caudal blood vessels in some animals.
Chevroned \Chev"roned\, p. a.
Having a chevron; decorated with an ornamental figure of a
zigzag from.
[A garment] whose nether parts, with their bases, were
of watchet cloth of silver, chevroned all over with
lace. --B. Jonson.
Chevronel \Chev"ron*el\, n. (Her.)
A bearing like a chevron, but of only half its width.
Chevronwise \Chev"ron*wise`\, adv. (Her.)
In the manner of a chevron; as, the field may be divided
chevronwise.
Chevrotain \Chev`ro*tain"\, n. [F. chevrotin, OF. chevrot little
goat, roe, dim. of chevre goat. See {Chevron}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small ruminant of the family {Tragulid[ae]} a allied to the
musk deer. It inhabits Africa and the East Indies. See
{Kanchil}.
Chevy \Chev"y\, v. t.
See {Chivy}, v. t. [Slang, Eng.]
One poor fellow was chevied about among the casks in
the storm for ten minutes. --London
Times.
Chew \Chew\ (ch[udd]), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chewed} (ch[udd]d);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Chewing}.] [As ce['o]wan, akin to D. kauwen,
G. kauen. Cf. {Chaw}, {Jaw}.]
1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate.
2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate on.
He chews revenge, abjuring his offense. --Prior.
{To chew the cud}, to chew the food ocer again, as a cow; to
ruminate; hence, to meditate.
Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the
cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the
beasts, that ye shall eat. --Deut. xxiv.
6.
Chew \Chew\, v. i.
To perform the action of biting and grinding with the teeth;
to ruminate; to meditate.
old politicians chew wisdom past. --Pope.
Chew \Chew\, n.
That which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at
once; a cud. [Law]
Chewer \Chew"er\, n.
One who chews.
Chewet \Chew"et\, n.
A kind of meat pie. [Obs.]
Chewink \Che"wink\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An american bird ({Pipilo erythrophthalmus}) of the Finch
family, so called from its note; -- called also {towhee
bunting} and {ground robin}.
Cheyennes \Chey*ennes"\, n. pl.; sing. {cheyenne}. (Ethnol.)
A warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet,
formerly inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on
reservations in the Indian Territory. They are noted for
their horsemanship.
Chian \Chi"an\a. [L. chius, fr. Chios the island Chios, Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to Chios, an island in the [AE]gean Sea.
{Chian earth}, a dense, compact kind of earth, from Chios,
used anciently as an astringent and a cosmetic.
{Chian turpentine}, a fragrant, almost transparent
turpentine, obtained from the {Pistacia Terebinthus}.
Chiaroscurist \Chi*a`ros*cu"rist\, n.
A painter who cares for and studies light and shade rather
than color.
Chiaroscuro \Chia`ro*scu"ro\, Chiaro-oscuro \Chi*a"ro-os*cu"ro\,
n. [It., clear dark.]
(a) The arrangement of light and dark parts in a work of art,
such as a drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or
in color.
(b) The art or practice of so arranging the light and dark
parts as to produce a harmonious effect. Cf.
{Clair-obscur}.
Chiasm \Chi"asm\, Chiasma \Chi*as"ma\, n. [NL. chiasma, fr. Gr.
? two lines placed crosswise, fr. ? to mark with a [chi].]
(Anat.)
A commissure; especially, the optic commissure, or crucial
union of the optic nerves. -- {Chi*as"mal}, a..
Chiasmus \Chi*as"mus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a placing crosswise,
fr. ?. See {Chiasm}.] (Rhet.)
An inversion of the order of words or phrases, when repeated
or subsequently referred to in a sentence; thus,
If e'er to bless thy sons My voice or hands deny, These
hands let useful skill forsake, This voice in silence
die. --Dwight.
Chiastolite \Chi*as"to*lite\ (k[-i]*[a^]s"t[-o]*l[imac]t), n.
[Gr. chiasto`s marked with a [chi] + -lite. See {Chiasm}. So
called from the resemblance of the cross cuts of its crystals
to the Greek letter [chi].] (Min.)
A variety of andalusite; -- called also {macle}. The
tessellated appearance of a cross section is due to the
symmetrical arrangement of impurities in the crystal.
Chibbal \Chib"bal\, n. (Bot.)
See {Cibol}.
Chibouque \Chi*bouque"\, Chibouk \Chi*bouk"\, n. [F. chibouque,
fr. Turk.]
A Turkish pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of amber, a stem,
four or five feet long and not pliant, of some valuable wood,
and a bowl of baked clay.
Chic \Chic\, n. [F.]
Good form; style. [Slang]
Chica \Chi"ca\, n. [Sp.]
A red coloring matter. extracted from the {Bignonia Chica},
used by some tribes of South American Indians to stain the
skin.
2. A fermented liquor or beer made in South American from a
decoction of maize.
3. A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South American dance, said
to be the original of the fandango, etc.
Chicane \Chi*cane"\, n. [F., prob. earlier meaning a dispute,
orig. in the game of mall (F. {mail}), fr. LGr. ? the game of
mall, fr Pers chaug[=a]n club or bat; or possibly ultimated
fr. L. ciccus a trible.]
The use of artful subterfuge, designed to draw away attention
from the merits of a case or question; -- specifically
applied to legal proceedings; trickery; chicanery; caviling;
sophistry. --Prior.
To shuffle from them by chicane. --Burke.
To cut short this chicane, I propound it fairly to your
own conscience. --Berkeley.
Chicane \Chi*cane"\, v. i. [Cf. F. chicaner. See {Chicane}, n.]
To use shifts, cavils, or artifices. --Burke.
Chicaner \Chi*can"er\, n. [Cf. F. chicaneur.]
One who uses chicanery. --Locke.
Chicanery \Chi*can"er*y\, n. [F. chicanerie.]
Mean or unfair artifice to perplex a cause and obscure the
truth; stratagem; sharp practice; sophistry.
Irritated by perpetual chicanery. --Hallam.
Syn: Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.
Chiccory \Chic"co*ry\, n.
See {Chicory}.
Chich \Chich\, n.; pl. {Chiches}. [F. chiche, pois chiche, a
dwarf pea, from L. cicer the chick-pea.] (Bot.)
The chick-pea.
Chicha \Chi"cha\, n. [Sp.]
See {Chica}.
Chichevache \Chiche"vache`\, n. [F. chiche lean + vache cow.]
A fabulous cow of enormous size, whose food was patient
wives, and which was therefore in very lean condition.
Chichling \Chich"ling\, Chichling vetch \Chich"ling vetch`\, n.
[Chich + -ling.] (Bot.)
A leguminous plant ({Lathyrus sativus}), with broad flattened
seeds which are sometimes used for food.
Chick \Chick\ (ch[i^]k), v. i. [OE. chykkyn, chyke, chicken.]
To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate. --Chalmers.
Chick \Chick\, n.
1. A chicken.
2. A child or young person; -- a term of endearment. --Shak.
Chickabiddy \Chick"a*bid`dy\, n.
A chicken; a fowl; also, a trivial term of endearment for a
child.
Chickadee \Chick"a*dee`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small bird, the blackcap titmouse ({Parus atricapillus}),
of North America; -- named from its note.
Chickaree \Chick"a*ree`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The American red squirrel ({Sciurus Hudsonius}); -- so called
from its cry.
Chickasaws \Chick"a*saws\, n. pl.; sing. {Chickasaw}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian)
allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern
part of Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian
Territory.
Chicken \Chick"en\, n. [AS. cicen, cyceun, dim. of coc cock;
akin to LG. kiken, k["u]ken, D. Kieken, kuiken, G.
k["u]chkein. See {Cock} the animal.]
1. A young bird or fowl, esp. a young barnyard fowl.
2. A young person; a child; esp. a young woman; a maiden.
``Stella is no chicken.'' --Swift.
{Chicken cholera}, a contagious disease of fowls; -- so
called because first studied during the prevalence of a
cholera epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true
cholera.
Chicken-breasted \Chick"en-breast`ed\, a.
Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward
curvature of the vertebral column.
Chicken-hearted \Chick"en-heart`ed\, a.
Timid; fearful; cowardly. --Bunyan.
Chicken pox \Chick"en pox"\ (Med.)
A mild, eruptive disease, generally attacking children only;
varicella.
Chickling \Chick"ling\ (ch[i^]k"l[i^]ng), n. [Chick + -ling.]
A small chick or chicken.
Chick-pea \Chick"-pea`\ (-p[=e]`), n. [See {Chich}.]
1. (Bot.) A Small leguminous plant ({Cicer arietinum}) of
Asia, Africa, and the south of Europe; the chich; the
dwarf pea; the gram.
2. Its nutritious seed, used in cookery, and especially, when
roasted (parched pulse), as food for travelers in the
Eastern deserts.
Chickweed \Chick"weed`\ (-w[=e]d`), n. (Bot.)
The name of several caryophyllaceous weeds, especially
{Stellaria media}, the seeds and flower buds of which are a
favorite food of small birds.
Chicky \Chick"y\ (ch[i^]k"[y^]), n.
A chicken; -- used as a diminutive or pet name, especially in
calling fowls.
Chicory \Chic"o*ry\, n. [F. chicor['e]e, earlier also
cichor['e]e, L. cichorium, fr. Gr. ?, ?, Cf. {Succory}.]
1. (Bot.) A branching perennial plant ({Cichorium Intybus})
with bright blue flowers, growing wild in Europe, Asia,
and America; also cultivated for its roots and as a salad
plant; succory; wild endive. See {Endive}.
2. The root, which is roasted for mixing with coffee.
Chide \Chide\ (ch[imac]d), v. t. [imp. {Chid} (ch[i^]d), or
{Chode} (ch[imac]d Obs.); p. p. {Chidden}, {Chid}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chiding}.] [AS. c[=i]dan; of unknown origin.]
1. To rebuke; to reprove; to scold; to find fault with.
Upbraided, chid, and rated at. --Shak.
2. Fig.: To be noisy about; to chafe against.
The sea that chides the banks of England. --Shak.
{To} {chide hither, chide from, or chide away}, to cause to
come, or to drive away, by scolding or reproof.
Syn: To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach;
reprehend; reprimand.
Chide \Chide\, v. i.
1. To utter words of disapprobation and displeasure; to find
fault; to contend angrily.
Wherefore the people did chide with Moses. --Ex.
xvii. 2.
2. To make a clamorous noise; to chafe.
As doth a rock againts the chiding flood. --Shak.
Chide \Chide\, n. [AS. c[=i]d]
A continuous noise or murmur.
The chide of streams. --Thomson.
Chider \Chid"er\, n.
One who chides or quarrels. --Shak.
Chideress \Chid"er*ess\, n.
She who chides. [Obs.]
Chidester \Chide"ster\, n. [Chide + -ster.]
A female scold. [Obs.]
Chidingly \Chid"ing*ly\, adv.
In a chiding or reproving manner.
Chief \Chief\ (ch[=e]n), n. [OE. chief, chef, OF. chief, F.
chef, fr. L. caput head, possibly akin to E. head. Cf.
{Captain}, {Chapter}]
1. The head or leader of any body of men; a commander, as of
an army; a head man, as of a tribe, clan, or family; a
person in authority who directs the work of others; the
principal actor or agent.
2. The principal part; the most valuable portion.
The chief of the things which should be utterly
destroyed. --1 Sam. xv.
21
3. (Her.) The upper third part of the field. It is supposed
to be composed of the dexter, sinister, and middle chiefs.
{In chief}.
(a) At the head; as, a commander in chief.
(b) (Eng. Law) From the king, or sovereign; as, tenure in
chief, tenure directly from the king.
Syn: Chieftain; captain; general; commander; leader; head;
principal; sachem; sagamore; sheik.
Usage: {Chief}, {chieftain}, {Commander}, {Leader}. These
words fluctuate somewhat in their meaning according to
circumstances, but agree in the general idea of rule
and authority. The term chief is now more usually
applied to one who is a head man, leader, or commander
in civil or military affairs, or holds a hereditary or
acquired rank in a tribe or clan; as, the chief of
police; the chief of an Indian tribe. A chieftain is
the chief of a clan or tribe, or a military leader. A
commander directs the movements of or has control over
a body of men, as a military or naval force. A leader
is one whom men follow, as in a political party, a
legislative body, a military or scientific expedition,
etc., one who takes the command and gives direction in
particular enterprises.
Chief \Chief\, a.
1. Highest in office or rank; principal; head. ``Chief
rulers.'' --John. xii. 42.
2. Principal or most eminent in any quality or action; most
distinguished; having most influence; taking the lead;
most important; as, the chief topic of conversation; the
chief interest of man.
3. Very intimate, near, or close. [Obs.]
A whisperer separateth chief friends. --Prov. xvi.
28.
Syn: Principal; head; leading; main; paramount; supreme;
prime; vital; especial; great; grand; eminent; master.
Chiefage \Chief"age\ (-[asl]j), n. [OF. chevage, fr. chief head.
See {Chief}.]
A tribute by the head; a capitation tax. [Written also
{chevage} and {chivage}.] [Obs.]
Chief baron \Chief" bar"on\ (Eng. Law)
The presiding judge of the court of exchequer.
Chiefest \Chief"est\, a. [Superl. of {Chief}.]
First or foremost; chief; principal. [Archaic] ``Our chiefest
courtier.'' --Shak.
The chiefest among ten thousand. --Canticles v.
10.
Chief hare \Chief" hare`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A small rodent ({Lagamys princeps}) inhabiting the summits of
the Rocky Mountains; -- also called {crying hare}, {calling
hare}, {cony}, {American pika}, and {little chief hare}.
Note: It is not a true hare or rabbit, but belongs to the
curious family {Lagomyid[ae]}.
Chief justice \Chief" jus"tice\
The presiding justice, or principal judge, of a court.
{Lord Chief Justice of England}, The presiding judge of the
Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice. The
highest judicial officer of the realm is the Lord High
Chancellor.
{Chief Justice of the United States}, the presiding judge of
the Supreme Court, and Highest judicial officer of the
republic.
Chief-justiceship \Chief"-jus"tice*ship\, n.
The office of chief justice.
Jay selected the chief-justiceship as most in
accordance with his tastes. --The Century.
Chiefless \Chief"less\, a.
Without a chief or leader.
Chiefly \Chief"ly\, adv.
1. In the first place; principally; pre["e]minently; above;
especially.
Search through this garden; leave unsearched no
nook; But chiefly where those two fair creatures
lodge. --Milton.
2. For the most part; mostly.
Those parts of the kingdom where the . . . estates
of the dissenters chiefly lay. --Swift.
Chiefrie \Chief"rie\, n.
A small rent paid to the lord paramount. [Obs.] --Swift.
Chieftain \Chief"tain\, n. [OE. cheftayn, chevetayn, OF.
chevetain, F. capitaine, LL. capitanus, fr. L. caput head.
Cf. {Captain}, and see {chief}.]
A captain, leader, or commander; a chief; the head of a
troop, army, or clan.
Syn: Chief; commander; leader; head. See {Chief}.
Chieftaincy \Chief"tain*cy\, Chieftainship \Chief"tain*ship\, n.
The rank, dignity, or office of a chieftain.
Chierte \Chier"te\, n. [OF. chert['e]. See {Charity}.]
Love; tender regard. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chievance \Chiev"ance\, n. [OF. chevance property, equiv. To
chevisance, fr. chevir to accomplish. See {Chevisance}.]
An unlawful bargain; traffic in which money is exported as
discount. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Chieve \Chieve\, v. i.
See {Cheve}, v. i. [Obs.]
Chiff-chaff \Chiff"-chaff\, n. [So called from its note.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A species of European warbler ({Sylvia hippolais}); -- called
also {chip-chap}, and {pettychaps}.
Chiffonier \Chif`fo*nier"\, fem. Chiffo \Chif`fo\-niere
\ni[`e]re"\, n. [F. chiffonnier, fem. chiffonni[`e]re, fr.
chiffon rag, fr. chiffe a rag, flimsy cloth.]
1. One who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker.
2. A receptacle for rags or shreds.
3. A movable and ornamental closet or piece of furniture with
shelves or drawers. --G. Eliot.
Chignon \Chi"gnon\, n. [F., prop. equiv. to cha[^i]non link, fr.
cha[^i]ne chain, fr. L. catena Cf. {Chain}.]
A knot, boss, or mass of hair, natural or artificial, worn by
a woman at the back of the head.
A curl that had strayed from her chignon. --H. James.
Chigoe \Chig"oe\, Chigre \Chig"re\, n. [Cf. F. chigue, perh. fr.
Catalan chic small, Sp. chico; or of Peruvian origin.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A species of flea ({Pulex penetrans}), common in the West
Indies and South America, which often attacks the feet or any
exposed part of the human body, and burrowing beneath the
skin produces great irritation. When the female is allowed to
remain and breed, troublesome sores result, which are
sometimes dangerous. See {Jigger}. [Written also {chegre},
{chegoe}, {chique}, {chigger}, {jigger}.]
Note: The name is sometimes erroneously given to certain
mites or ticks having similar habits.
Chikara \Chi*ka"ra\, n. [Hind.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The goat antelope ({Tragops Bennettii}) of India.
(b) The Indian four-horned antelope ({Tetraceros
quadricornis}).
Chilblain \Chil"blain`\, n. [Chill + Blain.]
A blain, sore, or inflammatory swelling, produced by exposure
of the feet or hands to cold, and attended by itching, pain,
and sometimes ulceration.
Chilblain \Chil"blain`\, v. t.
To produce chilblains upon.
Child \Child\ (ch[imac]ld), n.; pl. {Children}
(ch[i^]l"dr[e^]n). [AS. cild, pl. cildru; cf. Goth.
kil[thorn]ei womb, in-kil[thorn][=o] with child.]
1. A son or a daughter; a male or female descendant, in the
first degree; the immediate progeny of human parents; --
in law, legitimate offspring. Used also of animals and
plants.
2. A descendant, however remote; -- used esp. in the plural;
as, the children of Israel; the children of Edom.
3. One who, by character of practice, shows signs of
relationship to, or of the influence of, another; one
closely connected with a place, occupation, character,
etc.; as, a child of God; a child of the devil; a child of
disobedience; a child of toil; a child of the people.
4. A noble youth. See {Childe}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
5. A young person of either sex. esp. one between infancy and
youth; hence, one who exhibits the characteristics of a
very young person, as innocence, obedience, trustfulness,
limited understanding, etc.
When I was child. I spake as a child, I understood
as a child, I thought as a child; but when I became
a man, I put away childish things. --1. Cor. xii.
11.
6. A female infant. [Obs.]
A boy or a child, I wonder? --Shak.
{To be with child}, to be pregnant.
{Child's play}, light work; a trifling contest.
Child \Child\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Childed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Childing}.]
To give birth; to produce young.
This queen Genissa childing died. --Warner.
It chanced within two days they childed both.
--Latimer.
Childbearing \Child"bear`ing\, n.
The act of producing or bringing forth children; parturition.
--Milton. Addison.
Childbed \Child"bed\, n.
The state of a woman bringing forth a child, or being in
labor; parturition.
Childbirth \Child"birth\, n.
The act of bringing forth a child; travail; labor. --Jer.
Taylor.
Childcrowing \Child"crow`ing\, n. (Med.)
The crowing noise made by children affected with spasm of the
laryngeal muscles; false croup.
Childe \Childe\, n.
A cognomen formerly prefixed to his name by the oldest son,
until he succeeded to his ancestral titles, or was knighted;
as, Childe Roland.
Childed \Child"ed\, a.
Furnished with a child. [Obs.]
Childermas day \Chil"dermas day`\ [AS. cildam[ae]sse-d[ae]g;
cild child +d[ae]g day.] (Eccl.)
A day (December 28) observed by mass or festival in
commemoration of the children slain by Herod at Bethlehem; --
called also {Holy Innocent's Day}.
Childhood \Child"hood\ (ch[imac]ld"h[oo^]d), n. [AS. cildh[=a]d;
cild child + -h[=a]d. See {Child}, and {-hood}.]
1. The state of being a child; the time in which persons are
children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty.
I have walked before you from my childhood. --1.
Sam. xii. 2.
2. Children, taken collectively. [R.]
The well-governed childhood of this realm. --Sir. W.
Scott.
3. The commencement; the first period.
The childhood of our joy. --Shak.
{Second childhood}, the state of being feeble and incapable
from old age.
Childing \Child"ing\, a. [See {Child}, v. i.]
Bearing Children; (Fig.) productive; fruitful. [R.] --Shak.
Childish \Child"ish\, a.
1. Of, pertaining to, befitting, or resembling, a child.
``Childish innocence.'' --Macaulay.
2. Puerile; trifling; weak.
Methinks that simplicity in her countenance is
rather childish than innocent. --Addison.
Note: Childish, as applied to persons who are grown up, is in
a disparaging sense; as, a childish temper.
Childishly \Child"ish*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a child; in a trifling way; in a weak or
foolish manner.
Childishness \Child"ish*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being childish; simplicity;
harmlessness; weakness of intellect.
Childlessness \Child"less*ness\, n.
The state of being childless.
Childlike \Child"like\, a.
Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children;
becoming a child; meek; submissive; dutiful. ``Childlike
obedience.'' --Hooker.
Note: Childlike, as applied to persons grown up, is commonly
in a good sense; as, childlike grace or simplicity;
childlike modesty.
Childly \Child"ly\, a.
Having the character of a child; belonging, or appropriate,
to a child. --Gower.
Childly \Child"ly\, adv.
Like a child. --Mrs. Browning.
Childness \Child"ness\, n.
The manner characteristic of a child. [Obs.] ``Varying
childness.'' --Shak.
Children \Chil"dren\, n.;
pl. of {Child}.
Childship \Child"ship\, n.
The state or relation of being a child.
Chili \Chil"i\, n. [Sp. chili, chile.]
A kind of red pepper. See {Capsicum} [Written also {chilli}
and {chile}.]
Chiliad \Chil"i*ad\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, fr. ? a thousand.]
A thousand; the aggregate of a thousand things; especially, a
period of a thousand years.
The world, then in the seventh chiliad, will be assumed
up unto God. --Sir. T.
More.
Chiliagon \Chil"i*a*gon\, n. [Gr. ?; ? a thousand + ? angle.]
A plane figure of a thousand angles and sides. --Barlow.
Chiliahedron \Chil"i*a*hedron\, n. [Gr. ? a thousand + ? base,
fr. ? to sit.]
A figure bounded by a thousand plane surfaces [Spelt also
{chilia["e]dron}.]
Chilian \Chil"i*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Chili. -- n. A native or citizen of
Chili.
Chilian \Chil"i*an\, Chiliarch \Chil"i*arch`\, n. [Gr. ?, ?; ? a
thousand + ? leader, ? to lead.]
The commander or chief of a thousand men.
Chiliarchy \Chil"i*arch`y\, n. [Gr. ?.]
A body consisting of a thousand men. --Mitford.
Chiliasm \Chil"i*asm\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ?. See Chiliad.]
1. The millennium.
2. The doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on earth
during the millennium.
Chiliast \Chil"i*ast\, n. [Gr. ?. See {Chiliasm}.]
One who believes in the second coming of Christ to reign on
earth a thousand years; a milllenarian.
Chiliastic \Chili*astic\, a.
Millenarian. ``The obstruction offered by the chiliastic
errors.'' --J. A. Alexander.
Chill \Chill\ (ch[i^]l), n. [AS. cele, cyle, from the same root
as celan, calan, to be cold; akin to D. kil cold, coldness,
Sw. kyla to chill, and E. cool. See {Cold}, and cf. {Cool}.]
1. A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a disagreeable
sensation of coolness, accompanied with shivering. ``[A]
wintry chill.'' --W. Irving.
2. (Med.) A sensation of cold with convulsive shaking of the
body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue lips, caused by
undue cooling of the body or by nervous excitement, or
forming the precursor of some constitutional disturbance,
as of a fever.
3. A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling;
discouragement; as, a chill comes over an assembly.
4. An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to cool
rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron
brought in contact with it. --Raymond.
5. The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of a car
wheel. --Knight.
{Chill and fever}, fever and ague.
Chill \Chill\, a.
1. Moderately cold; tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw.
Noisome winds, and blasting vapors chill. --Milton.
2. Affected by cold. ``My veins are chill.'' --Shak.
3. Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling, etc.;
lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; as, a chill
reception.
4. Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.
Chill \Chill\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chilled} (ch[i^]ld); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Chilling}.]
1. To strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to
shiver; to affect with cold.
When winter chilled the day. --Goldsmith.
2. To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to depress;
to discourage.
Every thought on God chills the gayety of his
spirits. --Rogers.
3. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden cooling, a change of
crystallization at or near the surface of, so as to
increase the hardness; said of cast iron.
Chill \Chill\, v. i. (Metal.)
To become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while
solidifying; as, some kinds of cast iron chill to a greater
depth than others.
Chilled \Chilled\, a.
1. Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; as, chilled
iron; a chilled wheel.
2. (Paint.) Having that cloudiness or dimness of surface that
is called ``blooming.''
Chilli \Chil"li\, n.
See {Chili}.
Chilliness \Chill"i*ness\, n.
1. A state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable
sensation of coldness.
2. A moderate degree of coldness; disagreeable coldness or
rawness; as, the chilliness of the air.
3. Formality; lack of warmth.
Chilling \Chill"ing\, a.
Making chilly or cold; depressing; discouraging; cold;
distant; as, a chilling breeze; a chilling manner. --
{Chill"ing"ly}, adv.
Chillness \Chill"ness\, n.
Coolness; coldness; a chill.
Death is the chillness that precedes the dawn.
--Longfellow.
Chilly \Chill"y\, a.
Moderately cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause
shivering; causing or feeling a disagreeable sensation of
cold, or a shivering.
Chilognath \Chi"log*nath\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A myriapod of the order Chilognatha.
Chilognatha \Chi*log"na*tha\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? lip +
gna`qos Jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the two principal orders of myriapods. They have
numerous segments, each bearing two pairs of small, slender
legs, which are attached ventrally, near together.
Chiloma \Chi*lo"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? lip, fr. ? lip. See
{-oma}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The tumid upper lip of certain mammals, as of a camel.
Chilopod \Chi"lo*pod\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A myriapod of the order Chilopoda.
Chilopoda \Chi*lop"o*da\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? lip + -poda.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the orders of myriapods, including the centipeds. They
have a single pair of elongated legs attached laterally to
each segment; well developed jaws; and a pair of thoracic
legs converted into poison fangs. They are insectivorous,
very active, and some species grow to the length of a foot.
Chilostoma \Chi*los"to*ma\, Chilostomata \Chi*lo*stom"a*ta\, n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ?, ?, outh.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extensive suborder of marine Bryozoa, mostly with
calcareous shells. They have a movable lip and a lid to close
the aperture of the cells. [Also written {Chillostomata}.]
Chilostomatous \Chi`lo*stoma*tous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Chilostoma.
Chiltern Hundreds \Chiltern Hundreds\ [AS. Chiltern the
Chiltern, high hills in Buckinghamshire, perh. Fr. ceald cold
+ ern, [ae]rn, place.]
A tract of crown land in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire,
England, to which is attached the nominal office of steward.
As members of Parliament cannot resign, when they wish to go
out they accept this stewardship, which legally vacates their
seats.
Chimaera \Chi*m[ae]"ra\, n. [NL. See {Chimera}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A cartilaginous fish of several species, belonging to the
order Holocephali. The teeth are few and large. The head is
furnished with appendages, and the tail terminates in a
point.
Chimaeroid \Chi*m[ae]"roid\, a. [Chim[ae]ra + old.] (Zo["o]l.)
Related to, or like, the chim[ae]ra.
Chimango \Chi*man"go\ [Native name] (Zo["o]l.)
A south American carrion buzzard ({Milvago chimango}). See
{Caracara}.
Chimb \Chimb\ (ch[=i]m), n. [AS. cim, in cimst[=a]n base of a
pillar; akin to D. kim, f. Sw. kim., G. kimme f.]
The edge of a cask, etc; a chine. See {Chine}, n., 3.
[Written also {hime}.]
Chimb \Chimb\, v. i.
Chime. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chime \Chime\, n. [See {Chimb}.]
See {Chine}, n., 3.
Chime \Chime\, n. [OE. chimbe, prop., cymbal, OF. cymbe, cymble,
in a dialectic form, chymble, F. cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr.
Gr. ?. See {Cymbal}.]
1. The harmonious sound of bells, or of musical instruments.
Instruments that made melodius chime. --Milton.
2. A set of bells musically tuned to each other; specif., in
the pl., the music performed on such a set of bells by
hand, or produced by mechanism to accompany the striking
of the hours or their divisions.
We have heard the chimes at midnight. --Shak.
3. Pleasing correspondence of proportion, relation, or sound.
``Chimes of verse.'' --Cowley.
Chime \Chime\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chimed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chiming}.] [See {Chime}, n.]
1. To sound in harmonious accord, as bells.
2. To be in harmony; to agree; to suit; to harmonize; to
correspond; to fall in with.
Everything chimed in with such a humor. --W. irving.
3. To join in a conversation; to express assent; -- followed
by in or in with. [Colloq.]
4. To make a rude correspondence of sounds; to jingle, as in
rhyming. --Cowley
Chime \Chime\, v. i.
1. To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a
set of bells; to move or strike in harmony.
And chime their sounding hammers. --Dryden.
2. To utter harmoniously; to recite rhythmically.
Chime his childish verse. --Byron.
Chimer \Chim"er\, n.
One who chimes.
Chimera \Chime"ra\, n.; pl. {Chimeras}. [L. chimaera a chimera
(in sense 1), Gr. ? a she-goat, a chimera, fr. ? he-goat; cf.
Icel. qymbr a yearling ewe.]
1. (Myth.) A monster represented as vomiting flames, and as
having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the
tail of a dragon. ``Dire chimeras and enchanted isles.''
--Milton.
2. A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy, or creature of the
imagination; as, the chimera of an author. --Burke.
Chimere \Chi*mere"\, n. [OF. chamarre., F. simarre (cf. It.
zimarra), fr. Sp. chamarra, zamarra, a coat made of
sheepskins, a sheepskin, perh. from Ar. samm[=u]r the
Scythian weasel or marten, the sable. Cf. {Simarre}.]
The upper robe worn by a bishop, to which lawn sleeves are
usually attached. --Hook.
Chimeric \Chi*mer"ic\, a.
Chimerical.
Chimerical \Chi*mer"ic*al\, a.
Merely imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly
conceived; having, or capable of having, no existence except
in thought; as, chimerical projects.
Syn: Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild; unfounded; vain;
deceitful; delusive.
Chimerically \Chi*mer"ic*al*ly\, adv.
Wildy; vainly; fancifully.
Chiminage \Chim"i*nage\, n. [OF. cheminage, fr. chemin way,
road.] (Old Law)
A toll for passage through a forest. [Obs.] --Cowell.
Chimney \Chim"ney\, n.; pl. {Chimneys}. [F. chemin['e]e, LL.
caminata, fr. L. caminus furnace, fireplace, Gr. ? furnace,
oven.]
1. A fireplace or hearth. [Obs.] --Sir W. Raleigh.
2. That part of a building which contains the smoke flues;
esp. an upright tube or flue of brick or stone, in most
cases extending through or above the roof of the building.
Often used instead of chimney shaft.
Hard by a cottage chimney smokes. --Milton.
3. A tube usually of glass, placed around a flame, as of a
lamp, to create a draft, and promote combustion.
4. (Min.) A body of ore, usually of elongated form, extending
downward in a vein. --Raymond.
{Chimney board}, a board or screen used to close a fireplace;
a fireboard.
{Chimney cap}, a device to improve the draught of a chimney,
by presenting an exit aperture always to leeward.
{Chimney corner}, the space between the sides of the
fireplace and the fire; hence, the fireside.
{Chimney hook}, a hook for holding pats and kettles over a
fire,
{Chimney money}, hearth money, a duty formerly paid in
England for each chimney.
{Chimney pot} (Arch.), a cylinder of earthenware or sheet
metal placed at the top of a chimney which rises above the
roof.
{Chimney swallow}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An American swift ({Ch[ae]ture pelasgica}) which lives
in chimneys.
(b) In England, the common swallow ({Hirundo rustica}).
{Chimney sweep}, {Chimney sweeper}, one who cleans chimneys
of soot; esp. a boy who climbs the flue, and brushes off
the soot.
Chimney-breast \Chim"ney-breast`\, n. (Arch.)
The horizontal projection of a chimney from the wall in which
it is built; -- commonly applied to its projection in the
inside of a building only.
Chimney-piece \Chim"ney-piece`\, n. (Arch.)
A decorative construction around the opening of a fireplace.
Chimpanzee \Chim*pan"zee\, n. [From the native name: cf. F.
chimpanz['e], chimpans['e], chimpanz['e]e.] (Zo["o]l.)
An african ape ({Anthropithecus troglodytes}
or {Troglodytes niger}) which approaches more nearly to man, in
most respects, than any other ape. When full grown, it is from
three to four feet high.
Chin \Chin\, n. [AS. cin, akin to OS. kin, G kinn, Icel. kinn,
cheek, Dan. & Sw. kind, L. {gena}, Gr. ?; cf. Skr. hanu.
[root]232.]
1. The lower extremity of the face below the mouth; the point
of the under jaw.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The exterior or under surface embraced between
the branches of the lower jaw bone, in birds.
China \Chi"na\, n.
1. A country in Eastern Asia.
2. China ware, which is the modern popular term for
porcelain. See {Porcelain}.
{China aster} (Bot.), a well-known garden flower and plant.
See {Aster}.
{China bean}. See under {Bean}, 1.
{China clay} See {Kaolin}.
{China grass}, Same as {Ramie}.
{China ink}. See {India ink}.
{China pink} (Bot.), an anual or biennial species of
{Dianthus} ({D. Chiensis}) having variously colored single
or double flowers; Indian pink.
{China root} (Med.), the rootstock of a species of {Smilax}
({S. China}, from the East Indies; -- formerly much
esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now used
for. Also the galanga root (from {Alpinia Gallanga} and
{Alpinia officinarum}).
{China rose}. (Bot.)
(a) A popular name for several free-blooming varieties of
rose derived from the {Rosa Indica}, and perhaps other
species.
(b) A flowering hothouse plant ({Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis})
of the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China
and the east Indies.
{China shop}, a shop or store for the sale of China ware or
of crockery.
{China ware}, porcelain; -- so called in the 17th century
because brought from the far East, and differing from the
pottery made in Europe at that time; also, loosely,
crockery in general.
{Pride of China}, {China tree}. (Bot.) See {Azedarach}.
Chinaldine \Chin*al"dine\, n. [NL. chinium quinine + aldehyde.]
(Chem.)
See {Quinaldine}.
Chinaman \Chi"na*man\, n.; pl. {Chinamen}.
A native of China; a Chinese.
Chincapin \Chin"ca*pin\, n.
See {Chinquapin}.
Chinch \Chinch\, n. [Cf. Sp. chinche, fr. L. {cimex}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The bedbug ({Cimex lectularius}).
2. (Zo["o]l.) A bug ({Blissus leucopterus}), which, in the
United States, is very destructive to grass, wheat, and
other grains; -- also called {chiniz}, {chinch bug},
{chink bug}. It resembles the bedbug in its disgusting
odor.
Chincha \Chin"cha\, n. [Cf. {Chinchilla}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A south American rodent of the genus {Lagotis}.
Chinche \Chinche\, a. [F. chiche miserly.]
Parsimonious; niggardly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chincherie \Chinch"er*ie\, n.
Penuriousness. [Obs.]
By cause of his skarsete and chincherie. --Caucer.
Chinchilla \Chin*chil"la\, n. [Sp.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A small rodent ({Chinchilla lanigera}), of the
size of a large squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur,
which is very soft and of a pearly gray color. It is a
native of Peru and Chili.
2. The fur of the chinchilla.
3. A heavy, long-napped, tufted woolen cloth.
Chinchona \Chin*cho"na\, Chincona \Chin*co"na\
See {Cinchona}.
Chin cough \Chin" cough"\ [For chink cough; cf. As. cincung long
laughter, Scot. kink a violent fit of coughing, akin to MHG.
k[=i]chen to pant. Cf. {Kinknaust}, {Cough}.]
Whooping cough.
Chine \Chine\, n. [Cf. {Chink}.]
A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep ravine; as, Shanklin
Chine in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230
feet deep. [Prov. Eng.] ``The cottage in a chine.'' --J.
Ingelow.
Chine \Chine\, n.[OF. eschine, F. ['e]chine, fr. OHG. skina
needle, prickle, shin, G. schiene splint, schienbein shin.
For the meaning cf. L. spina thorn, prickle, or spine, the
backbone. Cf. {Shin}.]
1. The backbone or spine of an animal; the back. ``And chine
with rising bristles roughly spread.'' --Dryden.
2. A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining
parts, cut for cooking.
Note: [See Illust. of {Beef}.]
3. The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting
ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.
Chine \Chine\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chined}.]
1. To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces.
2. Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the chine..
Chined \Chined\, a.
1. Pertaining to, or having, a chine, or backbone; -- used in
composition. --Beau. & Fl.
2. Broken in the back. [Obs.]
He's chined, goodman. --Beau. & Fl.
Chinese \Chi"nese"\, a.
Of or pertaining to China; peculiar to China.
{Chinese paper}. See {India paper}, under {India}.
{Chinese wax}, a snowy-white, waxlike substance brought from
China. It is the bleached secretion of certain insects of
the family {Coccid[ae]} especially {Coccus Sinensis}.
Chinese \Chi*nese"\, n. sing. & pl.
1. A native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race
with oblique eyelids who live principally in China.
2. sing. The language of China, which is monosyllabic.
Note: Chineses was used as a plural by the contemporaries of
Shakespeare and Milton.
Chink \Chink\, n. [OE. chine, AS. c[=i]ne fissure, chink, fr.
c[=i]nan to gape; akin to Goth. Keinan to sprout, G. keimen.
Cf. {Chit}.]
A small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than
breadth; a gap or crack; as, the chinks of wall.
Through one cloudless chink, in a black, stormy sky.
Shines out the dewy morning star. --Macaulay.
Chink \Chink\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chinked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chinking}.]
To crack; to open.
Chink \Chink\, v. t.
1. To cause to open in cracks or fissures.
2. To fill up the chinks of; as, to chink a wall.
Chink \Chink\, n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. {Jingle}.]
1. A short, sharp sound, as of metal struck with a slight
degree of violence. ``Chink of bell.'' --Cowper.
2. Money; cash. [Cant] ``To leave his chink to better
hands.'' --Somerville.
Chink \Chink\, v. t.
To cause to make a sharp metallic sound, as coins, small
pieces of metal, etc., by bringing them into collision with
each other. --Pope.
Chink \Chink\, v. i.
To make a slight, sharp, metallic sound, as by the collision
of little pieces of money, or other small sonorous bodies.
--Arbuthnot.
Chinky \Chink"y\, a.
Full of chinks or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts.
--Dryden.
Chinned \Chinned\, a.
Having a chin; -- used chiefly in compounds; as,
short-chinned.
Chinoidine \Chi*noid"ine\, n. [NL. chinium quinine (cf. G. & F.
china Peruvian bark) + --oil + -ine.] (Chem.)
See {Quinodine}.
Chinoline \Chin"o*line\, n. [NL. chinium quinine (see
{Chinoldine}) + L. oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)
See {Quinoline}.
Chinone \Chi"none\, n. [NL. chinium quinine (see {Chinoidine}.)
+ -one.] (Chem.)
See {Quinone}.
Chinook \Chi*nook"\, n.
1. (Ethnol.) One of a tribe of North American Indians now
living in the state of Washington, noted for the custom of
flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called {Flathead
Indians}.
2. A warm westerly wind from the country of the Chinooks,
sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky Mountains,
in Montana and the adjacent territory.
3. A jargon of words from various languages (the largest
proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks)
generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the
northwestern territories of the United States.
Chinquapin \Chin"qua*pin\, n. (Bot.)
A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub ({Castanea pumila}) of
North America, from six to twenty feet high, allied to the
chestnut. Also, its small, sweet, edible nat. [Written also
{chincapin} and {chinkapin}.]
{Chinquapin oak}, a small shrubby oak ({Quercus prinoides})
of the Atlantic States, with edible acorns.
{Western Chinquapin}, an evergreen shrub or tree ({Castanopes
chrysophylla}) of the Pacific coast. In California it is a
shrub; in Oregon a tree 30 to 125 feet high.
Chinse \Chinse\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Chinsed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chinsing}.] (Naut.)
To thrust oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel, the
point of a knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly.
{Chinsing iron}, a light calking iron.
Chintz \Chintz\, n.; pl. {Chintzes}. [Hindi ch[=i]nt spotted
cotton clooth, ch[=i]nt[=a] spot.]
Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and other devices, in a
number of different colors, and often glazed. --Swift.
Chioppine \Chiop*pine"\, n.
Same as {Chopine}, n.
Chip \Chip\ (ch[i^]p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chipped} (ch[i^]pt);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Chipping}.] [Cf. G. kippen to cut off the
edge, to clip, pare. Cf. {Chop} to cut.]
1. To cut small pieces from; to diminish or reduce to shape,
by cutting away a little at a time; to hew. --Shak.
2. To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as of an
eggshell in hatching, or a piece of crockery.
3. To bet, as with chips in the game of poker.
{To chip in}, to contribute, as to a fund; to share in the
risks or expenses of. [Slang. U. S.]
Chip \Chip\, v. i.
To break or fly off in small pieces.
Chip \Chip\, n.
1. A piece of wood, stone, or other substance, separated by
an ax, chisel, or cutting instrument.
2. A fragment or piece broken off; a small piece.
3. Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or straw plaited
in a special manner, for making hats or bonnets.
4. Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor; -- used
contemptuously.
5. One of the counters used in poker and other games.
6. (Naut.) The triangular piece of wood attached to the log
line.
{Buffalo chips}. See under {Buffalo}.
{Chip ax}, a small ax for chipping timber into shape.
{Chip bonnet}, {Chip hat}, a bonnet or a hat made of Chip.
See {Chip}, n., 3.
{A chip off the old block}, a child who resembles either of
his parents. [Colloq.] --Milton.
{Potato chips}, {Saratoga chips}, thin slices of raw potato
fried crisp.
Chipmunk \Chip"munk`\, n. [Indian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A squirrel-like animal of the genus {Tamias}, sometimes
called the {striped squirrel}, {chipping squirrel}, {ground
squirrel}, {hackee}. The common species of the United States
is the {Tamias striatus}. [Written also {chipmonk},
{chipmuck}, and {chipmuk}.]
Chipper \Chip"per\, v. i. [Cf. {Cheep}, {Chirp}.]
To chirp or chirrup. [Prov. Eng.] --Forby.
Chipper \Chip"per\, a.
Lively; cheerful; talkative. [U. S.]
Chippeways \Chip"pe*ways\, n. pl.; sing. {Chippeway}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and
western shores of Lake Superior; -- called also {Objibways}.
Chipping \Chip"ping\, n.
1. A chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving
instrument; a fragment.
2. The act or process of cutting or breaking off small
pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a
timber or block of stone to shape.
3. The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of potter's
ware, porcelain, etc.
Chipping bird \Chip"ping bird`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The chippy.
Chipping squirrel \Chip"ping squir"rel\
See {Chipmunk}.
Chippy \Chip"py\, a.
Abounding in, or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.
Chippy \Chip"py\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small American sparrow ({Spizella socialis}), very common
near dwelling; -- also called {chipping bird} and {chipping
sparrow}, from its simple note.
Chips \Chips\, n. (Naut.)
A ship's carpenter. [Cant.]
Chiragra \Chi*ra"gra\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; ? hand + ? seizure.]
(Med.)
Gout in the hand.
Chiragrical \Chi*rag"ric*al\, a.
Having the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease.
--Sir. T. Browne.
Chiretta \Chi*ret"ta\, n. [Hind. chir[=a][=i]t[=a].]
A plant ({Agathotes Chirayta}) found in Northern India,
having medicinal properties to the gentian, and esteemed as a
tonic and febrifuge.
Chirk \Chirk\, v. i. [Cf. {Chirp}, also {Creak}.]
1. To shriek; to gnash; to utter harsh or shrill cries.
[Obs.]
All full of chirkyng was that sorry place.
--Cheucer.
2. To chirp like a bird. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chirk \Chirk\, v. t.
To cheer; to enliven; as, to chirk one up. [Colloq. New Eng.
]
Chirk \Chirk\, a. [From {Chirk}, v. i.]
Lively; cheerful; in good spirits. [Colloq. New Eng.]
Chirm \Chirm\, v. i. [Cf. AS. cyrman, cirman, to cry out.
[root]24 Cf. {Chirp}.]
To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a bird. [Obs.]
--Huloet.
Chirognomy \Chi*rog"no*my\, n. [Gr. chei`r hand + ?
understanding.]
The art of judging character by the shape and appearance of
the hand.
Chirograph \Chi"ro*graph\, n. [Gr. ? written with the hand;
chei`r hand + gra`fein to write.] (Old. Law)
(a) A writing which, requiring a counterpart, was engrossed
twice on the same piece of parchment, with a space
between, in which was written the word chirographum,
through which the parchment was cut, and one part given
to each party. It answered to what is now called a
{charter party}.
(b) The last part of a fine of land, commonly called the foot
of the fine. --Bouvier.
Chirographer \Chi*rog"ra*pher\, n.
1. One who practice the art or business of writing or
engrossing.
2. See {chirographist}, 2.
{Chirographer of fines} (Old Eng. Law), an officer in the
court of common pleas, who engrossed fines.
Chirographic \Chi`ro*graph"ic\, Chirographical
\Chi`ro*graph"ic*al\a.
Of or pertaining to chirography.
Chirographist \Chi*rog"ra*phist\, n.
1. A chirographer; a writer or engrosser.
2. One who tells fortunes by examining the hand.
Chirography \Chi*rog"ra*phy\, n.
1. The art of writing or engrossing; handwriting; as, skilled
in chirography.
2. The art of telling fortunes by examining the hand.
Chirogymnast \Chi`ro*gym"nast\, n. [Gr. chei`r hand + ? trainer
of athletes, gymnast.]
A mechanical contrivance for exercising the fingers of a
pianist.
Chirological \Chi`ro*log"ic*al\, a.
Relating to chirology.
Chirologist \Chi*rol"o*gist\, n.
One who communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands
and fingers.
Chirology \Chi*rol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. chei`r hand + -logy.]
The art or practice of using the manual alphabet or of
communicating thoughts by sings made by the hands and
fingers; a substitute for spoken or written language in
intercourse with the deaf and dumb. See {Dactylalogy}.
Chiromancer \Chi"ro*man`cer\, n.
One who practices chiromancy. --Dryden.
Chiromancy \Chi"ro*mancy\, n. [Gr. chei`r hand + -mancy.]
The art or practice of foretelling events, or of telling the
fortunes or the disposition of persons by inspecting the
hand; palmistry.
Chiromanist \Chi"ro*man`ist\, Chiromantist \Chi"ro*man`tist\n.
[Gr. ?.]
A chiromancer.
Chiromantic \Chi`ro*man"tic\, Chiromantical
\Chi`ro*man"tic*al\a.
Of or pertaining to chiromancy.
Chiromonic \Chi`ro*mon"ic\, a.
Relating to chironomy.
Chironomy \Chi*ron"o*my\, n. [Gr. ?; chei`r hand + ? to manage.]
The art of moving the hands in oratory or in pantomime;
gesture [Obs.]
Chiroplast \Chi"ro*plast\, n. [Gr. ? formed by hand; chei`r hand
+ ? to shape.] (Mus.)
An instrument to guid the hands and fingers of pupils in
playing on the piano, etc.
Chiropodist \Chi*rop"o*dist\, n. [Gr. chei`r hand + ?; ?, foot.]
One who treats diseases of the hands and feet; especially,
one who removes corns and bunions.
Chiropody \Chirop"ody\, n.
The art of treating diseases of the hands and feet.
Chirosophist \Chiros"ophist\, n. [Gr. chei`r hand + ? skillful,
wise. See {Sophist}.]
A fortune teller.
Chirp \Chirp\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chirped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chirping}.] [Of imitative orgin. Cf. {Chirk}, {Chipper},
{Cheep}, {Chirm}, {Chirrup}.]
To make a shop, sharp, cheerful, as of small birds or
crickets.
Chirp \Chirp\, n.
A short, sharp note, as of a bird or insect. ``The chirp of
flitting bird.'' --Bryant.
Chirper \Chirp"er\, n.
One who chirps, or is cheerful.
Chirping \Chirp"ing\, a.
Cheering; enlivening.
He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his jokes.
--Pope.
Chirpingly \Chirp"ing*ly\, adv.
In a chirping manner.
Chirre \Chirre\, v. i. [Cf. G. girren, AS. corian to murmur,
complain. [root]24.]
To coo, as a pigeon. [Obs.]
Chirrup \Chir"rup\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chirruped}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chirruping}.] [See {Chirp}.]
To quicken or animate by chirping; to cherup.
Chirrup \Chir"rup\, v. i.
To chirp. --Tennyson.
The criket chirrups on the hearth. --Goldsmith.
Chirrup \Chir"rup\, n.
The act of chirping; a chirp.
The sparrows' chirrup on the roof. --Tennyson.
Chirrupy \Chir"rupy\, a.
Cheerful; joyous; chatty.
Chirurgeon \Chi*rur"geon\, n. [F. chirurgien, from chirurgie
surgery, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? working or operating with the hand;
chei`r hand + ? work. Cf. {Surgeon}, {Work}.]
A surgeon. [Obs.]
Chirurgeonly \Chi*rur"geon*ly\, adv.
Surgically. [Obs.] --Shak.
Chirurgery \Chi*rur"ger*y\, n. [See {Chirurgeon}, and cf.
{Surgery}.]
Surgery. [Obs.]
Chirurgic \Chi*rur"gic\, Chirurgical \Chirur"gical\, a. [Cf. F.
chirurgiquerurgical, L. Chirurgicus, Gr. ?. See {Chirurgeon},
and cf. {Surgical}.]
Surgical [Obs.] ``Chirurgical lore'' --Longfellow.
Chisel \Chis"el\, n. [OF. chisel, F. ciseau, fr. LL. cisellus,
prob. for caesellus, fr. L. caesus, p. p. of caedere to cut.
Cf. {Scissors}.]
A tool with a cutting edge on one end of a metal blade, used
in dressing, shaping, or working in timber, stone, metal,
etc.; -- usually driven by a mallet or hammer.
{Cold chisel}. See under {Cold}, a.
Chisel \Chis"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chiseled}, or {Chiselled}
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. {Chiseling}, or {Chiselling}.] [Cf. F.
ciseler.]
1. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; as, to
chisel a block of marble into a statue.
2. To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat. [Slang]
Chisleu \Chis"leu\, n. [Heb.]
The ninth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering
to a part of November with a part of December.
Chisley \Chis"ley\ (ch[i^]z"l[y^]), a. [AS. ceosel gravel or
sand. Cf. {Chessom}.]
Having a large admixture of small pebbles or gravel; -- said
of a soil. --Gardner.
Chit \Chit\ (ch[i^]t), n. [Cf. AS. c[=i][eth] shoot, sprig, from
the same root as c[=i]nan to yawn. See {Chink} a cleft.]
1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a shoot; a
sprout; as, the chits of Indian corn or of potatoes.
2. A child or babe; as, a forward chit; also, a young, small,
or insignificant person or animal.
A little chit of a woman. --Thackeray.
3. An excrescence on the body, as a wart. [Obs.]
4. A small tool used in cleaving laths. --Knight.
Chit \Chit\, v. i.
To shoot out; to sprout.
I have known barley chit in seven hours after it had
been thrown forth. --Mortimer.
Chit \Chit\, 3d sing. of {Chide}.
Chideth. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Chitchat \Chit"chat\, n. [From {Chat}, by way of reduplication.]
Familiar or trifling talk; prattle.
Chitin \Chi"tin\, n. [See {Chiton}.] (Chem.)
A white amorphous horny substance forming the harder part of
the outer integument of insects, crustacea, and various other
invertebrates; entomolin.
Chitinization \Chi`ti*ni*za"tion\, n.
The process of becoming chitinous.
Chitinous \Chi"ti*nous\, a.
Having the nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing,
chitin.
Chiton \Chi"ton\, n. [Gr. ? a chiton (in sense 1).]
1. An under garment among the ancient Greeks, nearly
representing the modern shirt.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of a group of gastropod mollusks, with a
shell composed of eight movable dorsal plates. See
{Polyplacophora}.
Chitter \Chit"ter\, v. i. [Cf. {Chatter}.]
1. To chirp in a tremulous manner, as a bird. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
2. To shiver or chatter with cold. [Scot.] --Burns.
Chitterling \Chit"ter*ling\, n.
The frill to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out
resembled the small entrails. See {Chitterlings}. [Obs.]
--Gascoigne.
Chitterlings \Chit"ter*lings\, n. pl. [Cf. AS. cwi[thorn] womb,
Icel. kvi[eth], Goth. qi[thorn]us, belly, womb, stomach, G.
kutteln chitterlings.] (Cookery)
The smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.
Chittra \Chit"tra\, n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The axis deer of India.
Chitty \Chit"ty\, a.
1. Full of chits or sprouts.
2. Childish; like a babe. [Obs.]
Chivachie \Chiv"a*chie`\, n. [OF. chevauchie, chevauch['e]e; of
the same origin as E. cavalcade.]
A cavalry raid; hence, a military expedition. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Chivalric \Chiv"al*ric\, a. [See {Chivalry}.]
Relating to chivalry; knightly; chivalrous.
Chivalrous \Chiv"al*rous\, a. [OF. chevalerus, chevalereus, fr.
chevalier. See {Chivalry}.]
Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic;
gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous.
In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. --Spenser.
Chivalrously \Chiv"al*rous*ly\, adv.
In a chivalrous manner; gallantly; magnanimously.
Chivalry \Chiv"al*ry\, n. [F. chevalerie, fr. chevalier knight,
OF., horseman. See {Chevalier}, and cf. {Cavalry}.]
1. A body or order of cavaliers or knights serving on
horseback; illustrious warriors, collectively; cavalry.
``His Memphian chivalry.'' --Milton.
By his light Did all the chivalry of England move,
To do brave acts. --Shak.
2. The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit, usages,
or manners of knighthood; the practice of knight-errantry.
--Dryden.
3. The qualifications or character of knights, as valor,
dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc.
The glory of our Troy this day doth lie On his fair
worth and single chivalry. --Shak.
4. (Eng. Law) A tenure of lands by knight's service; that is,
by the condition of a knight's performing service on
horseback, or of performing some noble or military service
to his lord.
5. Exploit. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
{Court of chivalry}, a court formerly held before the lord
high constable and earl marshal of England as judges,
having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating
to deeds of arms and war. --Blackstone.
Chive \Chive\, n. (Bot.)
A filament of a stamen. [Obs.]
Chive \Chive\, n. [F. cive, fr. L. cepa, caepa, onion. Cf.
{Cives}, {Cibol}.] (Bot.)
A perennial plant ({Allium Sch[oe]noprasum}), allied to the
onion. The young leaves are used in omelets, etc. [Written
also {cive}.]
Chivy \Chiv"y\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chivied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chivying}.] [Cf. {Chevy}.]
To goad, drive, hunt, throw, or pitch. [Slang, Eng.]
--Dickens.
Chlamydate \Chlam"y*date\, a. [L. chlamydatus dressed in a
military cloak. See {Chlamys}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having a mantle; -- applied to certain gastropods.
Chlamyphore \Chlam"y*phore\, n. [Gr. ? cloak + ? to bear.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A small South American edentate ({Chlamyphorus truncatus},
and {C. retusus}) allied to the armadillo. It is covered with
a leathery shell or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached
along the spine.
Chlamys \Chla"mys\, n.; pl. E. {Chlamyses}, L. {Chlamydes}. [L.,
from Gr. ?.]
A loose and flowing outer garment, worn by the ancient
Greeks; a kind of cloak.
Chloasma \Chlo*as"ma\, n. [Gr. ? to be green.] (Med.)
A cutaneous affection characterized by yellow or yellowish
brown pigmented spots.
Chloral \Chlo"ral\, n. [Chlorine + alcohol.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, {CCl3.CHO}, of a pungent
odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine
upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol.
2. (Med.) Chloral hydrate.
{Chloral hydrate}, a white crystalline substance, obtained by
treating chloral with water. It produces sleep when taken
internally or hypodermically; -- called also {chloral}.
Chloralamide \Chlo"ral*am`ide\, n. [Chloral + amide.] (Chem.)
A compound of chloral and formic amide used to produce sleep.
Chloralism \Chlo"ral*ism\, n. (Med.)
A morbid condition of the system resulting from excessive use
of chloral.
Chloralum \Chlor`al"um\, n. [Chlorine + aluminium.]
An impure aqueous solution of chloride of aluminium, used as
an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Chloranil \Chlor`an"il\, n. [Chlorine + aniline.] (Chem.)
A yellow crystalline substance, {C6Cl4.O2}, regarded as a
derivative of quinone, obtained by the action of chlorine on
certain benzene derivatives, as aniline.
Chlorate \Chlo"rate\, n. [Cf. F. chlorate. See {Chlorine}.]
(Chem.)
A salt of chloric acid; as, chlorate of potassium.
Chloraurate \Chlor`au"rate\, n. [Chlorine + aurate.] (Chem.)
See {Aurochloride}.
Chlorhydric \Chlor`hy"dric\, a. [Chlorine + hydrogen + -ic.]
(Chem.)
Same as {Hydrochloric}.
Chlorhydrin \Chlor`hy"drin\, n. (Chem.)
One of a class of compounds formed from certain polybasic
alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the substitution of
chlorine for one or more hydroxyl groups.
Chloric \Chlo"ric\, a. [From {Chlorine}.]
Pertaining to, or obtained from, chlorine; -- said of those
compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of
five, or the next to its highest; as, chloric acid, {HClO3}.
{Chloric ether} (Chem.), ethylene dichloride. See {Dutch
liquid}, under {Dutch}.
Chloridate \Chlo"ri*date\, v. t.
To treat or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride
of silver, for the purposes of photography. --R. Hunt.
Chloride \Chlo"ride\, n. (Chem.)
A binary compound of chlorine with another element or
radical; as, chloride of sodium (common salt).
{Chloride of ammonium}, sal ammoniac.
{Chloride of lime}, bleaching powder; a grayish white
substance, {CaOCl2}, used in bleaching and disinfecting;
-- called more properly {calcium hypochlorite}. See
{Hypochlorous acid}, under {Hypochlorous}.
{Mercuric chloride}, corrosive sublimate.
Chloridic \Chlo*rid"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.
Chloridize \Chlo"rid*ize\, v. t.
See {Chloridate}.
Chlorimetry \Chlo*rim"e*try\, n.
See {Chlorometry}.
Chlorinate \Chlo"rin*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chlorinated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Chlorinating}.] (Chem.)
To treat, or cause to combine, with chlorine.
Chlorination \Chlo`ri*na"tion\, n.
The act or process of subjecting anything to the action of
chlorine; especially, a process for the extraction of gold by
exposure of the auriferous material to chlorine gas.
Chlorine \Chlo"rine\, n. [Gr. ? pale green, greenish yellow. So
named from its color. See {Yellow}.] (Chem.)
One of the elementary substances, commonly isolated as a
greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air,
of an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and
exceedingly poisonous. It is abundant in nature, the most
important compound being common salt. It is powerful
oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Symbol Cl.
Atomic weight, 35.4.
{Chlorine family}, the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
and iodine, called the {halogens}, and classed together
from their common peculiarities.
Chloriodic \Chlor`i*od"ic\, a.
Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and
iodine.
Chloriodine \Chlor`i"o*dine\, n.
A compound of chlorine and iodine. [R.]
Chlorite \Chlo"rite\, n. [Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ? light green.]
(Min.)
The name of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and
micaceous to granular in structure. They are hydrous
silicates of alumina, iron, and magnesia.
{Chlorite slate}, a schistose or slaty rock consisting of
alumina, iron, and magnesia.
Chlorite \Chlo"rite\, n. [Chlorous + -ite.] (Chem.)
Any salt of chlorous acid; as, chlorite of sodium.
Chloritic \Chlo*rit"ic\, a. [From 1st {Chlorite}.]
Pertaining to, or containing, chlorite; as, chloritic sand.
Chlormethane \Chlor`meth"ane\, n. (Chem.)
A colorless gas, {CH3Cl}, of a sweet odor, easily condensed
to a liquid; -- called also {methyl chloride}.
Chloro- \Chlo"ro-\ (Chem.)
A prefix denoting that chlorine is an ingredient in the
substance named.
Chlorocruorin \Chlo`ro*cru"o*rin\, n. [Gr. ? light green + E.
cruorin.] (Physiol.)
A green substance, supposed to be the cause of the green
color of the blood in some species of worms. --Ray Lankester.
Chlorodyne \Chlo"ro*dyne\, n. [From chlorine, in imitation of
anodyne.] (Med.)
A patent anodyne medicine, containing opium, chloroform,
Indian hemp, etc.
Chloroform \Chlo"ro*form\, n. [Chlorine + formyl, it having been
regarded as a trichloride of this radical: cf. F.
chloroforme, G. chloroform.] (Chem.)
A colorless volatile liquid, {CHCl3}, having an ethereal odor
and a sweetish taste, formed by treating alcohol with
chlorine and an alkali. It is a powerful solvent of wax,
resin, etc., and is extensively used to produce an[ae]sthesia
in surgical operations; also externally, to alleviate pain.
Chloroform \Chlo"ro*form\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chloroformed};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Chloroforming}.]
To treat with chloroform, or to place under its influence.
Chloroleucite \Chlo`ro*leu"cite\, n. [Gr. ? light green + E.
leucite.] (Bot.)
Same as {Chloroplastid}.
Chlorometer \Chlo*rom"e*ter\, n. [Cf. F. chlorom[`e]tre. See
{Chlorine}, and {-meter}.]
An instrument to test the decoloring or bleaching power of
chloride of lime.
Chlorometry \Chlo*rom"e*try\, n.
The process of testing the bleaching power of any combination
of chlorine.
Chloropal \Chlo*ro"pal\, n. [Gr. ? light green + E. opal.]
(Min.)
A massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in
appearance. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of iron.
Chloropeptic \Chlo`ro*pep"tic\, a. [Chlorine + peptic.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
Of or pertaining to an acid more generally called
pepsin-hydrochloric acid.
Chlorophane \Chlo"ro*phane\, n. [Gr. ? light green + ? to show:
cf. F. chlorophane.]
1. (Min.) A variety of fluor spar, which, when heated, gives
a beautiful emerald green light.
2. (Physiol.) The yellowish green pigment in the inner
segment of the cones of the retina. See {Chromophane}.
Chlorophyll \Chlo"ro*phyll\, n. [Gr. ? light green + ? leaf: cf.
F. chlorophylle.] (Bot.)
Literally, leaf green; a green granular matter formed in the
cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed to light) of
plants, to which they owe their green color, and through
which all ordinary assimilation of plant food takes place.
Similar chlorophyll granules have been found in the tissues
of the lower animals. [Written also {chlorophyl}.]
Chloroplastid \Chlo`ro*plas"tid\, n. [Gr. ? light green + E.
plastid.] (Bot.)
A granule of chlorophyll; -- also called {chloroleucite}.
Chloroplatinic \Chlo`ro*pla*tin"ic\, a. (Chem.)
See {Platinichloric}.
Chlorosis \Chlo*ro"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? light green: cf. F.
chlorose.]
1. (Med.) The green sickness; an an[ae]mic disease of young
women, characterized by a greenish or grayish yellow hue
of the skin, weakness, palpitation, etc.
2. (Bot.) A disease in plants, causing the flowers to turn
green or the leaves to lose their normal green color.
Chlorotic \Chlo*rot"ic\, a. [Cf. F. chlorotique.]
Pertaining to, or affected by, chlorosis.
Chlorous \Chlo"rous\, a. [See {Chlorine}.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine; -- said of
those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a
valence of three, the next lower than in chloric
compounds; as, chlorous acid, {HClO2}.
2. (Chem. Physics) Pertaining to, or resembling, the
electro-negative character of chlorine; hence,
electro-negative; -- opposed to basylous or zincous.
[Obs.]
Chlorpicrin \Chlor`pi"crin\, n. (Chem.)
A heavy, colorless liquid, {CCl3.NO2}, of a strong pungent
odor, obtained by subjecting picric acid to the action of
chlorine. [Written also {chloropikrin}.]
Chloruret \Chlo"ru*ret\, n. [Cf. F. chlorure.] (Chem.)
A chloride. [Obs.]
Choak \Choak\, v. t. & i.
See {Choke}.
Choanoid \Cho"a*noid\, a. [Gr. ? funnel + -oid.] (Anat.)
Funnel-shaped; -- applied particularly to a hollow muscle
attached to the ball of the eye in many reptiles and mammals.
Chocard \Cho"card\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The chough.
Chock \Chock\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chocked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chocking}.]
To stop or fasten, as with a wedge, or block; to scotch; as,
to chock a wheel or cask.
Chock \Chock\, v. i.
To fill up, as a cavity. ``The woodwork . . . exactly
chocketh into joints.'' --Fuller.
Chock \Chock\, n.
1. A wedge, or block made to fit in any space which it is
desired to fill, esp. something to steady a cask or other
body, or prevent it from moving, by fitting into the space
around or beneath it.
2. (Naut.) A heavy casting of metal, usually fixed near the
gunwale. It has two short horn-shaped arms curving inward,
between which ropes or hawsers may pass for towing,
mooring, etc.
Chock \Chock\, adv. (Naut.)
Entirely; quite; as, chock home; chock aft.
Chock \Chock\, v. t. [F. choquer. Cf. {Shock}, v. t.]
To encounter. [Obs.]
Chock \Chock\, n.
An encounter. [Obs.]
Chockablock \Chock"a*block\, a. (Naut.)
Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit; brought close
together, as the two blocks of a tackle in hoisting.
Chock-full \Chock"-full`\, a.
Quite full; choke-full.
Chocolate \Choc"o*late\, n. [Sp., fr. the Mexican name of the
cacao. Cf. {Cacao}, {Cocoa}.]
1. A paste or cake composed of the roasted seeds of the
{Theobroma Cacao} ground and mixed with other ingredients,
usually sugar, and cinnamon or vanilla.
2. The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the paste or
cake in boiling water or milk.
{Chocolate house}, a house in which customers may be served
with chocolate.
{Chocolate nut}. See {Cacao}.
Choctaws \Choc"taws\, n. pl.; sing. {Choctaw}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in
early times noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for
living at peace with the white settlers. They are now one of
the civilized tribes of the Indian Territory.
Chode \Chode\ (ch[=o]d),
the old imp. of chide. See {Chide}.
Chogset \Chog"set\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Cunner}.
Choice \Choice\ (chois), n. [OE. chois, OF. chois, F. choix, fr.
choisir to choose; of German origin; cf. Goth. kausjan to
examine, kiusan to choose, examine, G. kiesen. [root]46. Cf.
{Choose}.]
1. Act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or
separating from two or more things that which is
preferred; the determination of the mind in preferring one
thing to another; election.
2. The power or opportunity of choosing; option.
Choice there is not, unless the thing which we take
be so in our power that we might have refused it.
--Hooker.
3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in distinguishing
what is to be preferred, and in giving a preference;
discrimination.
I imagine they [the apothegms of C[ae]sar] were
collected with judgment and choice. --Bacon.
4. A sufficient number to choose among. --Shak.
5. The thing or person chosen; that which is approved and
selected in preference to others; selection.
The common wealth is sick of their own choice.
--Shak.
6. The best part; that which is preferable.
The flower and choice Of many provinces from bound
to bound. --Milton.
{To make a choice of}, to choose; to select; to separate and
take in preference.
Syn: Syn. - See {Volition}, {Option}.
Choice \Choice\, a. [Compar. {Choicer}; superl. {Choicest}.]
1. Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior;
precious; valuable.
My choicest hours of life are lost. --Swift.
2. Preserving or using with care, as valuable; frugal; --
used with of; as, to be choice of time, or of money.
3. Selected with care, and due attention to preference;
deliberately chosen.
Choice word measured phrase. --Wordsworth.
Syn: Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare;
chary; careful/
Choiceful \Choice"ful\, a.
Making choices; fickle. [Obs.]
His choiceful sense with every change doth fit.
--Spenser.
Choicely \Choice"ly\, adv.
1. With care in choosing; with nice regard to preference. ``A
band of men collected choicely, from each county some.''
--Shak.
2. In a preferable or excellent manner; excellently;
eminently. ``Choicely good.'' --Walton.
Choiceness \Choice"ness\, n.
The quality of being of particular value or worth; nicely;
excellence.
Choir \Choir\, n. [OE. quer, OF. cuer, F. ch[oe]ur, fr. L.
chorus a choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. ?, orig.
dancing place; prob. akin to ? inclosure, L. hortus garden,
and E. yard. See {Chorus}.]
1. A band or organized company of singers, especially in
church service. [Formerly written also {quire}.]
2. That part of a church appropriated to the singers.
3. (Arch.) The chancel.
{Choir organ} (Mus.), one of the three or five distinct
organs included in the full organ, each separable from the
rest, but all controlled by one performer; a portion of
the full organ, complete in itself, and more practicable
for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the vocal
choir.
{Choir screen}, {Choir wall} (Arch.), a screen or low wall
separating the choir from the aisles.
{Choir service}, the service of singing performed by the
choir. --T. Warton.
Choke \Choke\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Choked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Choking}.] [OE. cheken, choken; cf. AS. [=a]ceocian to
suffocate, Icel. koka to gulp, E. chincough, cough.]
1. To render unable to breathe by filling, pressing upon, or
squeezing the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to
strangle.
With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder.
--Shak.
2. To obstruct by filling up or clogging any passage; to
block up. --Addison.
3. To hinder or check, as growth, expansion, progress, etc.;
to stifle.
Oats and darnel choke the rising corn. --Dryden.
4. To affect with a sense of strangulation by passion or
strong feeling. ``I was choked at this word.'' --Swift.
5. To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the bore of the
barrel of a shotgun.
{To choke off}, to stop a person in the execution of a
purpose; as, to choke off a speaker by uproar.
Choke \Choke\, v. i.
1. To have the windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the
throat, caused by stoppage or irritation of the windpipe;
to be strangled.
2. To be checked, as if by choking; to stick.
The words choked in his throat. --Sir W.
Scott.
Choke \Choke\, n.
1. A stoppage or irritation of the windpipe, producing the
feeling of strangulation.
2. (Gun.)
(a) The tied end of a cartridge.
(b) A constriction in the bore of a shotgun, case of a
rocket, etc.
Chokeberry \Choke"ber`ry\, n. (Bot.)
The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped fruit of an American
shrub ({Pyrus arbutifolia}) growing in damp thickets; also,
the shrub.
Chokecherry \Choke"cher`ry\, n. (Bot.)
The astringent fruit of a species of wild cherry ({Prunus
Virginiana}); also, the bush or tree which bears such fruit.
Choke damp \Choke" damp`\
See {Carbonic acid}, under {Carbonic}.
Chokedar \Cho`ke*dar"\, n. [Hindi chauk[=i]-d[=a]r.]
A watchman; an officer of customs or police. [India]
Choke-full \Choke"-full`\, a.
Full to the brim; quite full; chock-full.
Choke pear \Choke" pear`\
1. A kind of pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is
swallowed with difficulty, or which contracts the mucous
membrane of the mouth.
2. A sarcasm by which one is put to silence; anything that
can not be answered. [Low] --S. Richardson.
Choker \Chok"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, chokes.
2. A stiff wide cravat; a stock. [Slang]
Choke-strap \Choke"-strap`\, n. (Saddlery)
A strap leading from the bellyband to the lower part of the
collar, to keep the collar in place.
Choking \Chok"ing\, a.
1. That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.
2. Indistinct in utterance, as the voice of a person affected
with strong emotion.
Choky Chokey \Chok"y Chok"ey\, a.
1. Tending to choke or suffocate, or having power to
suffocate.
2. Inclined to choke, as a person affected with strong
emotion. ``A deep and choky voice.'' --Aytoun.
The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather
chokey. --T. Hughes.
Cholaemaa \Cho*l[ae]"ma*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? bile + ? blood.]
(Med.)
A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms, dependent
upon the presence of the constituents of the bile in the
blood.
Cholagogue \Chol"a*gogue\, a. [Gr. ?; ? bile + ? leading, ? to
lead: cf. F. cholagogue.] (Med.)
Promoting the discharge of bile from the system. -- n. An
agent which promotes the discharge of bile from the system.
Cholate \Cho"late\, n. [Gr. ? bile.] (Chem.)
A salt of cholic acid; as, sodium cholate.
Cholecystis \Chol`e*cys"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? bile + ?
bladder.] (Anat.)
The gall bladder.
Cholecystotomy \Chol`e*cys*tot"o*my\, n. [Cholecystis + Gr. ? to
cut.] (Surg.)
The operation of making an opening in the gall bladder, as
for the removal of a gallstone.
Choledology \Chol`e*dol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? bile + -logy. Cf. F.
chol['e]dologie.] (Med.)
A treatise on the bile and bilary organs. --Dunglison.
Note: Littr['e] says that the word chol['e]dologie is
absolutely barbarous, there being no Greek word ?. A
proper form would be cholology.
Choleic \Cho*le"ic\, a. (Physiol. Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; as, choleic acid.
Choler \Chol"er\, n. [OE. coler, F. col[`e]re anger, L. cholera
a bilious complaint, fr. Gr. ? cholera, fr. ?, ?, bile. See
{Gall}, and cf. {Cholera}.]
1. The bile; -- formerly supposed to be the seat and cause of
irascibility. [Obs.]
His [Richard Hooker's] complexion . . . was
sanguine, with a mixture of choler; and yet his
motion was slow. --I. Warton.
2. Irritation of the passions; anger; wrath.
He is rash and very sudden in choler. --Shak.
Cholera \Chol"er*a\, n. [L., a bilious disease. See {Choler}.]
(Med.)
One of several diseases affecting the digestive and
intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the
one commonly called Asiatic cholera.
{Asiatic cholera}, a malignant and rapidly fatal disease,
originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more
filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or
specific poison may have been carried. It is characterized
by diarrhea, rice-water evacuations, vomiting, cramps,
pinched expression, and lividity, rapidly passing into a
state of collapse, followed by death, or by a stage of
reaction of fever.
{Cholera bacillus}. See {Comma bacillus}.
{Cholera infantum}, a dangerous summer disease, of infants,
caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and
especially fatal in large cities.
{Cholera morbus}, a disease characterized by vomiting and
purging, with gripings and cramps, usually caused by
imprudence in diet or by gastrointestinal disturbance.
{Chicken cholera}. See under {Chicken}.
{Hog cholera}. See under {Hog}.
{Sporadic cholera}, a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic
cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely
becoming epidemic.
Choleraic \Chol`er*a"ic\, a.
Relating to, or resulting from, or resembling, cholera.
Choleric \Chol"er*ic\, a. [L. cholericus, Gr. ?: cf. F.
chol['e]rique.]
1. Abounding with, or producing choler, or bile. --Dryden.
2. Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to anger.
3. Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger. ``Choleric
speech.'' --Sir W. Raleigh.
{Choleric temperament}, the bilious temperament.
Cholericly \Chol"er*ic*ly\, adv.
In a choleric manner; angrily.
Choleriform \Chol"er*i*form`\, a. [Cholera + -form.]
Resembling cholera.
Cholerine \Chol"er*ine\, n. (Med.)
(a) The precursory symptoms of cholera.
(b) The first stage of epidemic cholera.
(c) A mild form of cholera.
Choleroid \Chol"er*oid\, a. [Cholera + -oid.]
Choleriform.
Cholesteric \Cho`les*ter"ic\, a. [Cf. F. cholest['e]rique.]
Pertaining to cholesterin, or obtained from it; as,
cholesteric acid. --Ure.
Cholesterin \Cho*les"ter*in\, n. [Gr. ? bile + ? stiff fat: F.
cholest['e]rine. See {Stearin}.] (Chem.)
A white, fatty, crystalline substance, tasteless and
odorless, found in animal and plant products and tissue, and
especially in nerve tissue, in the bile, and in gallstones.
Choliamb \Cho"li*amb\, Choliambic \Cho`li*am"bic\, n. [L.
choliambus, Gr. ?; ? lame + ? an iambus.] (Pros.)
A verse having an iambus in the fifth place, and a spondee in
the sixth or last.
Cholic \Chol"ic\, Cholinic \Cho*lin"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, from ?
bile.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, the bile.
{Cholic acid} (Chem.), a complex organic acid found as a
natural constituent of taurocholic and glycocholic acids
in the bile, and extracted as a resinous substance,
convertible under the influence of ether into white
crystals.
Choline \Cho"line\, n. [Gr. ? bile.] (Physiol. Chem.)
See {Neurine}.
Cholochrome \Chol"o*chrome\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, bile + ? color.]
(Physiol.)
See {Bilirubin}.
Cholophaein \Chol`o*ph[ae]"in\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, bile + ? dusky.]
(Physiol.)
See {Bilirubin}.
Choltry \Chol"try\, n.
A Hindoo caravansary.
Chomp \Chomp\, v. i.
To chew loudly and greedily; to champ. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq.
U. S.] --Halliwell.
Chondrification \Chon`dri*fi*ca"tion\, n. (Physiol.)
Formation of, or conversion into, cartilage.
Chondrify \Chon"dri*fy\, v. t. & i. [Gr. ? cartilage + -fy.]
To convert, or be converted, into cartilage.
Chondrigen \Chon"dri*gen\, n. [Gr. ? cartilage + -gen.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling in
water into a gelatinous body called chondrin.
Chondrigenous \Chon*drig"e*nous\, a. [Gr. ? cartilage +
-genous.] (Physiol.)
Affording chondrin.
Chondrin \Chon"drin\, n. [Gr. ? cartilage.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A colorless, amorphous, nitrogenous substance, tasteless and
odorless, formed from cartilaginous tissue by long-continued
action of boiling water. It is similar to gelatin, and is a
large ingredient of commercial gelatin.
Chondrite \Chon"drite\, n. [Gr. ? a grain (of wheat or spelt),
cartilage.] (Min.)
A meteoric stone characterized by the presence of chondrules.
Chondritic \Chon*drit"ic\, a. (Min.)
Granular; pertaining to, or having the granular structure
characteristic of, the class of meteorites called chondrites.
Chondritis \Chon*dri"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? cartilage +
-itis.] (Med.)
An inflammation of cartilage.
Chondro- \Chon"dro-\ [Gr. ? a grain (of wheat or spelt),
cartilage.]
A combining form meaning a grain, granular, granular
cartilage, cartilaginous; as, the chondrocranium, the
cartilaginous skull of the lower vertebrates and of embryos.
Chondrodite \Chon"dro*dite\, n. [Gr. ? a grain (of wheat or
spelt), cartilage.] (Min.)
A fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in color,
often occurring in granular form in a crystalline limestone.
Chondroganoidea \Chon`dro*ga*noi"de*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
cartilage + NL. ganoidei. See {Ganoid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so
called on account of their cartilaginous skeleton.
Chondrogen \Chon"dro*gen\, n. [Gr. ? cartilage + -gen.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
Same as {Chondrigen}.
Chondrogenesis \Chon`dro*gen"e*sis\, n. [Gr. ? cartilage +
genesis.] (Physiol.)
The development of cartilage.
Chondroid \Chon"droid\, a. [Gr. ? cartilage + -oid.]
Resembling cartilage.
Chondrology \Chon*drol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? cartilage + -logy: cf.
F. chondrologie.] (Anat.)
The science which treats of cartilages. --Dunglison.
Chondroma \Chon*dro"ma\, n.; pl. {Chondromata}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
cartilage + -oma.]
A cartilaginous tumor or growth.
Chondrometer \Chon*drom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? a grain (of wheat or
spelt), cartilage + -meter.]
A steelyard for weighting grain.
Chondropterygian \Chon*drop`ter*yg"i*an\, a. [Cf. F.
chondropterygien.]
Having a cartilaginous skeleton. -- n. One of the
Chondropterygii.
Chondropterygii \Chon*drop`te*ryg"i*i\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
cartilage + ?, ?, wing, fin.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of fishes, characterized by cartilaginous fins and
skeleton. It includes both ganoids (sturgeons, etc.) and
selachians (sharks), but is now often restricted to the
latter. [Written also {Chondropterygia}.]
Chondrostei \Chon*dros"te*i\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? cartilage +
? bone.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so named
because the skeleton is cartilaginous.
Chondrotomy \Chon*drot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? + ? a cutting.] (Anat.)
The dissection of cartilages.
Chondrule \Chon"drule\, n. [Dim. from Gr. ? a grain (of wheat or
spelt), cartilage.] (Min.)
A peculiar rounded granule of some mineral, usually enstatite
or chrysolite, found imbedded more or less abundantly in the
mass of many meteoric stones, which are hence called
chondrites.
Choose \Choose\, v. t. [imp. {Chose}; p. p. {Chosen}, {Chose}
(Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. {Choosing}.] [OE. chesen, cheosen,
AS. ce['o]san; akin to OS. kiosan, D. kiezen, G. kiesen,
Icel. kj[=o]sa, Goth. kiusan, L. gustare to taste, Gr. ?,
Skr. jush to enjoy. [root]46. Cf. {Choice}, 2d {Gust}.]
1. To make choice of; to select; to take by way of preference
from two or more objects offered; to elect; as, to choose
the least of two evils.
Choose me for a humble friend. --Pope.
2. To wish; to desire; to prefer. [Colloq.]
The landlady now returned to know if we did not
choose a more genteel apartment. --Goldsmith.
{To choose sides}. See under {Side}.
Syn: Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow.
Usage: To {Choose}, {Prefer}, {Elect}. To choose is the
generic term, and denotes to take or fix upon by an
act of the will, especially in accordance with a
decision of the judgment. To prefer is to choose or
favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable
than, another, or more in accordance with one's tastes
and feelings. To elect is to choose or select for some
office, employment, use, privilege, etc., especially
by the concurrent vote or voice of a sufficient number
of electors. To choose a profession; to prefer private
life to a public one; to elect members of Congress.
Choose \Choose\, v. i.
1. To make a selection; to decide.
They had only to choose between implicit obedience
and open rebellion. --Prescott.
2. To do otherwise. ``Can I choose but smile?'' --Pope.
{Can not choose but}, must necessarily.
Thou canst not choose but know who I am. --Shak.
Chooser \Choos"er\, n.
One who chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing;
an elector. --Burke.
Chop \Chop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chopped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chopping}.] [Cf. LG. & D. kappen, Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa. Cf.
{Chap} to crack.]
1. To cut by striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to
cut into pieces; to mince; -- often with up.
2. To sever or separate by one more blows of a sharp
instrument; to divide; -- usually with off or down.
Chop off your hand, and it to the king. --Shak.
3. To seize or devour greedily; -- with up. [Obs.]
Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his
breakfast, which the fox presently chopped up.
--L'estrange.
Chop \Chop\, v. i.
1. To make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or
other sharp instrument.
2. To do something suddenly with an unexpected motion; to
catch or attempt to seize.
Out of greediness to get both, he chops at the
shadow, and loses the substance. --L'Estrange.
3. To interrupt; -- with in or out.
This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly
chopping in. --Latimer.
Chop \Chop\, v. t. [Cf. D. koopen to buy. See {Cheapen}, v. t.,
and cf. {Chap}, v. i., to buy.]
1. To barter or truck.
2. To exchange; substitute one thing for another.
We go on chopping and changing our friends.
--L'Estrange.
{To chop logic}, to dispute with an affected use of logical
terms; to argue sophistically.
Chop \Chop\, v. i.
1. To purchase by way of truck.
2. (Naut.) To vary or shift suddenly; as, the wind chops
about.
3. To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words.
Let not the counsel at the bar chop with the judge.
--Bacon.
Chop \Chop\, n.
A change; a vicissitude. --Marryat.
Chop \Chop\, v. t. & i.
To crack. See {Chap}, v. t. & i.
Chop \Chop\, n.
1. The act of chopping; a stroke.
2. A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece, especially of
meat; as, a mutton chop.
3. A crack or cleft. See {Chap}.
Chop \Chop\, n. [See {Chap}.]
1. A jaw of an animal; -- commonly in the pl. See {Chops}.
2. A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden vise.
3. The land at each side of the mouth of a river, harbor, or
channel; as, East Chop or West Chop. See {Chops}.
Chop \Chop\, n. [Chin. & Hind. ch[=a]p stamp, brand.]
1. Quality; brand; as, silk of the first chop.
2. A permit or clearance.
{Chop dollar}, a silver dollar stamped to attest its purity.
{chop of tea}, a number of boxes of the same make and quality
of leaf.
{Chowchow chop}. See under {Chowchow}.
{Grand chop}, a ship's port clearance. --S. W. Williams.
Chopboat \Chop"boat`\, n. [Chin. chop sort, quality.]
A licensed lighter employed in the transportation of goods to
and from vessels. [China] --S. W. Williams.
Chopchurch \Chop"church`\, n. [See {Chop} to barter.] (Old Eng.
Law)
An exchanger or an exchange of benefices. [Cant]
Chopfallen \Chop`fall`en\, a.
Having the lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen;
dejected; dispirited; downcast. See {Chapfallen}.
Chophouse \Chop"house`\, n.
A house where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house.
The freedom of a chophouse. --W. Irving.
Chophouse \Chop"house`\, n. [See {Chop} quality.]
A customhouse where transit duties are levied. [China] --S.
W. Williams.
Chopin \Chop"in\, n. [F. chopine, fr. G. schoppen.]
A liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain,
varying from half a pint to a wine quart.
Chopin \Chop"in\, n.
See {Chopine}.
Chopine \Cho*pine"\, n. [Cf. OF. chapin, escapin, Sp. chapin,
Pg. chapim.]
A clog, or patten, having a very thick sole, or in some cases
raised upon a stilt to a height of a foot or more. [Variously
spelt {chioppine}, {chopin}, etc.]
Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you
last, by the altitude of a chopine. --Shak.
Chop-logic \Chop"-log`ic\, n.
One who bandies words or is very argumentative. [Jocular]
--Shak.
Chopness \Chop"ness\, n.
A kind of spade. [Eng.]
Chopper \Chop"per\, n.
One who, or that which, chops.
Chopping \Chop"ping\, a. [Cf. {Chubby}.]
Stout or plump; large. [Obs.] --Fenton.
Chopping \Chop"ping\, a. [See {Chop} to barter.]
Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind; also, having
tumbling waves dashing against each other; as, a chopping
sea.
Chopping \Chop"ping\, n.
Act of cutting by strokes.
{Chopping block}, a solid block of wood on which butchers and
others chop meat, etc.
{Chopping knife}, a knife for chopping or mincing meat,
vegetables, etc.; -- usually with a handle at the back of
the blade instead of at the end.
Choppy \Chop"py\, a. [Cf. {Chappy}.]
1. Full of cracks. ``Choppy finger.'' --Shak.
2. [Cf. {Chop} a change.] Rough, with short, tumultuous
waves; as, a choppy sea.
Chops \Chops\ (ch[o^]ps), n. pl. [See {Chop} a jaw.]
1. The jaws; also, the fleshy parts about the mouth.
2. The sides or capes at the mouth of a river, channel,
harbor, or bay; as, the chops of the English Channel.
Chopstick \Chop"stick"\ (ch[o^]p"st[i^]k`), n.
One of two small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the
Chinese and Japanese to convey food to the mouth.
Choragic \Cho*rag"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, ?.]
Of or pertaining to a choragus.
{Choragic monument}, a building or column built by a
victorious choragus for the reception and exhibition of
the tripod which he received as a prize. Those of
Lysicrates and Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.
Choragus \Cho*ra"gus\, n.; pl. {Choragi}. [L., fr. Gr. ?, ?; ?
chorus + ? to lead.] (Gr. Antiq.)
A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense and
under his own supervision one of the choruses for the musical
contents at Athens.
Choral \Cho"ral\, a. [LL. choralis, fr. L. chorus. See
{Chorus}.]
Of or pertaining to a choir or chorus; singing, sung, or
adapted to be sung, in chorus or harmony.
{Choral service}, a service of song.
Choral \Cho"ral\, n. (Mus.)
A hymn tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the
congregation; as, the Lutheran chorals. [Sometimes written
{chorale}.]
Choralist \Cho"ral*ist\, n.
A singer or composer of chorals.
Chorally \Cho"ral*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in
harmony.
Chord \Chord\, n. [L chorda a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr.
?. In the sense of a string or small rope, in general, it is
written cord. See {Cord}.]
1. The string of a musical instrument. --Milton.
2. (Mus.) A combination of tones simultaneously performed,
producing more or less perfect harmony, as, the common
chord.
3. (Geom.) A right line uniting the extremities of the arc of
a circle or curve.
4. (Anat.) A cord. See {Cord}, n., 4.
5. (Engin.) The upper or lower part of a truss, usually
horizontal, resisting compression or tension. --Waddell.
{Accidental, Common, & Vocal} {chords}. See under
{Accidental}, {Common}, and {Vocal}.
{Chord of an arch}. See Illust. of {Arch}.
{Chord of curvature}, a chord drawn from any point of a
curve, in the circle of curvature for that point.
{Scale of chords}. See {Scale}.
Chord \Chord\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chorded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chording}.]
To provide with musical chords or strings; to string; to
tune.
When Jubal struck the chorded shell. --Dryden.
Even the solitary old pine tree chords his harp.
--Beecher.
Chord \Chord\, v. i. (Mus.)
To accord; to harmonize together; as, this note chords with
that.
Chorda \Chor"da\, n. [NL., fr. L. chorda. See {Chord}.] (Anat.)
A cord.
{Chorda dorsalis}. [NL., lit., cord of the back.] (Anat.) See
{Notochord}.
Chordal \Chor"dal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a chord.
Chordata \Chor*da"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. chorda cord.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A comprehensive division of animals including all Vertebrata
together with the Tunicata, or all those having a dorsal
nervous cord.
Chordee \Chor*dee"\, n. [F. cord['e], cord['e]e, p. p. of corder
to cord.] (Med.)
A painful erection of the penis, usually with downward
curvature, occurring in gonorrhea.
Chore \Chore\, n. [The same word as char work done by the day.]
A small job; in the pl., the regular or daily light work of a
household or farm, either within or without doors. [U. S.]
Chore \Chore\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chored}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Choring}.]
To do chores. [U. S.]
Chore \Chore\, n.
A choir or chorus. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Chorea \Cho*re"a\ n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? dance.] (Med.)
St. Vitus's dance; a disease attended with convulsive
twitchings and other involuntary movements of the muscles or
limbs.
Choree \Cho*ree"\, n. [F. chor['e]e.]
See {Choreus}.
Choregraphic \Cho`re*graph"ic\, Choregraphical
\Cho`re*graph"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to choregraphy.
Choregraphy \Cho*reg"ra*phy\, n. [GR. ? d?nce + -graphy.]
The art of representing dancing by signs, as music is
represented by notes. --Craig.
Choreic \Cho*re"ic\, a.
Of the nature of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.
Chorepiscopal \Cho`re*pis"co*pal\, a.
Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his change or authority.
Chorepiscopus \Cho`re*pis"co*pus\, n.; pl. {Chorepiscopi}. [L.,
fr. Gr. ?; ?, ?, place, country + ? bishop. Cf. {Bishop}.]
(Eccl.)
A ``country'' or suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient
church by a diocesan bishop to exercise episcopal
jurisdiction in a rural district.
Choreus \Cho*re"us\, Choree \Cho*ree"\, n. [L. choreus, Gr. ?,
prop. an adj. meaning belonging to a chorus; cf. F.
chor['e]e.] (Anc. Pros.)
(a) a trochee.
(b) A tribrach.
Choriamb \Cho"ri*amb\, n.; pl. {Choriambs}.
Same as {Choriambus}.
Choriambic \Cho`ri*am"bic\, a. [L. choriambicus, gr. ?.]
Pertaining to a choriamb. -- n. A choriamb.
Choriambus \Cho`ri*am"bus\, n.; pl. L. {Choriambi}, E.
{Choriambuses}. [L. choriambus, Gr. ?; ? a choreus + ?
iambus.] (Anc. Pros.)
A foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and
last are long, and the other short (- [crescent] [crescent]
-); that is, a choreus, or trochee, and an iambus united.
Choric \Cho"ric\, a. [L. choricus, Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to a chorus.
I remember a choric ode in the Hecuba. --Coleridge.
Chorion \Cho"ri*on\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.]
1. (Anat.)
(a) The outer membrane which invests the fetus in the
womb; also, the similar membrane investing many ova at
certain stages of development.
(b) The true skin, or cutis.
2. (Bot.) The outer membrane of seeds of plants.
Chorisis \Cho"ri*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? separation.] (Bot.)
The separation of a leaf or floral organ into two more parts.
Note: In collateral chorisis the parts are side by side. --
In parallel or median chorisis they are one in front of
another.
Chorist \Cho"rist\, n. [F. choriste.]
A singer in a choir; a chorister. [R.]
Chorister \Chor"is*ter\, n. [See {Chorus}.]
1. One of a choir; a singer in a chorus. --Dryden.
2. One who leads a choir in church music. [U. S.]
Choristic \Cho*ris"tic\, a.
Choric; choral. [R.]
Chorograph \Cho"ro*graph\, n. [Gr. ? place + -graph.]
An instrument for constructing triangles in marine surveying,
etc.
Chorographer \Cho*rog"ra*pher\, n.
1. One who describes or makes a map of a district or region.
``The chorographers of Italy.'' --Sir T. Browne.
2. A geographical antiquary; one who investigates the
locality of ancient places.
Chorographical \Cho`ro*graph"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to chorography. -- {Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Chorography \Cho*rog"ra*phy\, n. [L. chorographia, Gr. ?; ?
place + ? to describe.]
the mapping or description of a region or district.
The chorography of their provinces. --Sir T.
Browne.
Choroid \Cho"roid\, a. [gr. ?; ? chorion + ? form.] (Anat.)
resembling the chorion; as, the choroid plexuses of the
ventricles of the brain, and the choroid coat of the eyeball.
-- n. The choroid coat of the eye. See {Eye}.
{Choroid plexus} (Anat.), one of the delicate fringelike
processes, consisting almost entirely of blood vessels,
which project into the ventricles of the brain.
Choroidal \Cho*roid"al\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the choroid coat.
Chorology \Cho*rol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? place + -logy.] (Biol.)
The science which treats of the laws of distribution of
living organisms over the earth's surface as to latitude,
altitude, locality, etc.
Its distribution or chorology. --Huxley.
Chorometry \Cho*rom"e*try\, n. [Gr. ? place + -metry.]
The art of surveying a region or district.
Chorus \Cho"rus\, n.; pl. {Choruses}. [L., a dance in a ring, a
dance accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers and
singers. Gr. ?. See {Choir}.]
1. (Antiq.) A band of singers and dancers.
The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a
chorus of singers. --Dryden.
2. (Gr. Drama) A company of persons supposed to behold what
passed in the acts of a tragedy, and to sing the
sentiments which the events suggested in couplets or
verses between the acts; also, that which was thus sung by
the chorus.
What the lofty, grave tragedians taught In chorus or
iambic. --Milton.
3. An interpreter in a dumb show or play. [Obs.]
4. (Mus.) A company of singers singing in concert.
5. (Mus.) A composition of two or more parts, each of which
is intended to be sung by a number of voices.
6. (Mus.) Parts of a song or hymn recurring at intervals, as
at the end of stanzas; also, a company of singers who join
with the singer or choir in singer or choir in singing
such parts.
7. The simultaneous of a company in any noisy demonstration;
as, a Chorus of shouts and catcalls.
Chorus \Cho"rus\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chorused}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Chorusing}.]
To sing in chorus; to exclaim simultaneously. --W. D.
Howells.
Chose \Chose\, n.; pl. {Choses}. [F., fr. L. causa cause,
reason. See {Cause}.] (Law)
A thing; personal property.
{Chose in action}, a thing of which one has not possession or
actual enjoyment, but only a right to it, or a right to
demand it by action at law, and which does not exist at
the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not
reduced to possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as
a right to recover money due on a contract, or damages for
a tort, which can not be enforced against a reluctant
party without suit.
{Chose in possession}, a thing in possession, as
distinguished from a thing in action.
{Chose local}, a thing annexed to a place, as a mill.
{Chose transitory}, a thing which is movable. --Cowell.
Blount.
Chose \Chose\,
imp. & p. p. of {Choose}.
Chosen \Cho"sen\, p. p. of {Choose}.
Selected from a number; picked out; choice.
Seven hundred chosen men left-handed. --Judg. xx.
16.
Chosen \Cho"sen\, n.
One who, or that which is the object of choice or special
favor.
Chouan \Chou"an\, n. [F.]
One of the royalist insurgents in western France (Brittany,
etc.), during and after the French revolution.
Chough \Chough\, n. [OE. choughe, kowe (and cf. OE. ca), fr. AS.
ce['o]; cf. also D. kauw, OHG. ch[=a]ha; perh. akin to E.
caw. [root]22. Cf. {Caddow}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bird of the Crow family ({Fregilus graculus}) of Europe. It
is of a black color, with a long, slender, curved bill and
red legs; -- also called {chauk}, {chauk-daw}, {chocard},
{Cornish chough}, {red-legged crow}. The name is also applied
to several allied birds, as the {Alpine chough}.
{Cornish chough} (Her.), a bird represented black, with red
feet, and beak; -- called also {aylet} and {sea swallow}.
Chouicha \Chou"i*cha\, n. [Native name] (Zo["o]l.)
The salmon of the Columbia River or California. See
{Quinnat}.
Chouka \Chou"ka\, n. [Native name] (Zo["o]l.)
The Indian four-horned antelope; the chikara.
Choule \Choule\, n. [Obs.]
See {Jowl}. --Sir W. Scott.
Choultry \Choul"try\, n.
See {Choltry}.
Chouse \Chouse\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Choused}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chousing}.] [From Turk. ch[=a][=u]sh a messenger or
interpreter, one of whom, attached to the Turkish embassy, in
1609 cheated the Turkish merchants resident in England out of
[pounds]4,000.]
To cheat, trick, defraud; -- followed by of, or out of; as,
to chouse one out of his money. [Colloq.]
The undertaker of the afore-cited poesy hath choused
your highness. --Landor.
Chouse \Chouse\, n.
1. One who is easily cheated; a tool; a simpleton; a gull.
--Hudibras.
2. A trick; sham; imposition. --Johnson.
3. A swindler. --B. Jonson.
Chout \Chout\, n. [Mahratta chauth one fourth part.]
An assessment equal to a fourth part of the revenue. [India]
--J. Mill.
Chowchow \Chow"chow`\, a. [Chin.]
Consisting of several kinds mingled together; mixed; as,
chowchow sweetmeats (preserved fruits put together).
{Chowchow chop}, the last lighter containing the small sundry
packages sent off to fill up a ship. --S. W. Williams.
Chowchow \Chow"chow`\, n. (Com.)
A kind of mixed pickles.
Chowder \Chow"der\, n. [F. chaudi[`e]re a kettle, a pot. Cf.
{Caldron}.]
1. (Cookery) A dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit,
onions, etc., stewed together.
2. A seller of fish. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
{Chowder beer}, a liquor made by boiling black spruce in
water and mixing molasses with the decoction.
Chowder \Chow"der\, v. t.
To make a chowder of.
Chowry \Chow"ry\, n. [Hind. chaunri.]
A whisk to keep off files, used in the East Indies. --Malcom.
Chowter \Chow"ter\, v. t. [Cf. OE. chowre, and Prov. E. chow, to
grumble.]
To grumble or mutter like a froward child. [Obs.] --E.
Phillips.
Choy root \Choy" root`\
See {Chay root}.
Chrematistics \Chre`ma*tis"tics\, n. [Gr. ? 9sc. ?) the art of
traffic, fr. ? goods, money, fr. ? to use.]
The science of wealth; the science, or a branch of the
science, of political economy.
Chreotechnics \Chre`o*tech"nics\, n. [Gr. ? useful + ? art.]
The science of the useful arts, esp. agriculture,
manufactures, and commerce. [R.]
Chrestomathic \Chres`to*math"ic\, a.
Teaching what is useful. ``A chrestomathic school.''
--Southey.
Chrestomathy \Chres*tom"a*thy\, n. [Gr. ?; ? useful + ?, ?, to
learn.]
A selection of passages, with notes, etc., to be used in
acquiring a language; as, a Hebrew chrestomathy.
Chrism \Chrism\, n. [OE. crisme, from AS. crisma; also OE.
creme, fr. OF. cresme, like the AS. word fr. LL. chrisma, fr.
Gr. ?, fr. ? to anoint; perh. akin to L. friare, fricare, to
rub, Skr. gharsh, E. friable, friction. Cf. {Chrisom}.] (Gr.
& R. C. Church?s)
1. Olive oil mixed with balm and spices, consecrated by the
bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the administration
of baptism, confirmation, ordination, etc.
2. The same as {Chrisom}.
Chrismal \Chris"mal\, a. [LL. chrismalis.]
Of or pertaining to or used in chrism.
Chrismation \Chris*ma"tion\, n. [LL. chrismatio.]
The act of applying the chrism, or consecrated oil.
Chrismation or cross-signing with ointment, was used in
baptism. --Jer. Taylor.
Chrismatory \Chris"ma*to*ry\, n. [LL. chrismatorium.]
A cruet or vessel in which chrism is kept.
Chrisom \Chris"om\, n. [See {Chrism}.]
1. A white cloth, anointed with chrism, or a white mantle
thrown over a child when baptized or christened. [Obs.]
2. A child which died within a month after its baptism; -- so
called from the chrisom cloth which was used as a shroud
for it. [Obs.] --Blount.
Christ \Christ\, n. [L. Christus, Gr. ?, fr. ? anointed, fr.
chri`ein to anoint. See {Chrism}.]
The Anointed; an appellation given to Jesus, the Savior. It
is synonymous with the Hebrew {Messiah}.
Christcross \Christ"cross`\, n.
1. The mark of the cross, as cut, painted, written, or
stamped on certain objects, -- sometimes as the sign of 12
o'clock on a dial.
The fescue of the dial is upon the christcross of
noon. --Old Play.
Nares.
2. The beginning and the ending. [Obs.] --Quarles.
Christcross-row \Christ"cross-row`\,
The alphabet; -- formerly so called, either from the cross
usually set before it, or from a superstitious custom,
sometimes practiced, of writing it in the form of a cross, by
way of a charm.
From infant conning of the Christcross-row.
--Wordsworth.
Christen \Chris"ten\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Christened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Christening}.] [AS. cristnian to make a Christian,
fr. cristen a Christian.]
1. To baptize and give a Christian name to.
2. To give a name; to denominate. ``Christen the thing what
you will.'' --Bp. Burnet.
3. To Christianize. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
4. To use for the first time. [Colloq.]
Christendom \Chris"ten*dom\, n. [AS. cristend?m; cristen a
Christian + -dom.]
1. The profession of faith in Christ by baptism; hence, the
Christian religion, or the adoption of it. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. The name received at baptism; or, more generally, any name
or appelation. [Obs.]
Pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms. --Shak.
3. That portion of the world in which Christianity prevails,
or which is governed under Christian institutions, in
distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands.
The Arian doctrine which then divided Christendom.
--Milton
A wide and still widening Christendom. --Coleridge.
4. The whole body of Christians. --Hooker.
Christian \Chris"tian\, n. [L. christianus, Gr. ?; cf. AS.
cristen. See {Christ}.]
1. One who believes, or professes or is assumed to believe,
in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him;
especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed
to the doctrines of Christ.
The disciples were called Christians first in
Antioch. --Acts xi. 26.
2. One born in a Christian country or of Christian parents,
and who has not definitely becomes an adherent of an
opposing system.
3. (Eccl.)
(a) One of a Christian denomination which rejects human
creeds as bases of fellowship, and sectarian names.
They are congregational in church government, and
baptize by immersion. They are also called {Disciples
of Christ}, and {Campbellites}.
(b) One of a sect (called {Christian Connection}) of
open-communion immersionists. The Bible is their only
authoritative rule of faith and practice.
Note: In this sense, often pronounced, but not by the members
of the sects, kr[=i]s"chan.
Christian \Chris"tian\, a.
1. Pertaining to Christ or his religion; as, Christian
people.
3. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; as, a Christian
court. --Blackstone.
4. Characteristic of Christian people; civilized; kind;
kindly; gentle; beneficent.
The graceful tact; the Christian art. --Tennyson.
{Christian Commission}. See under {Commission}.
{Christian court}. Same as {Ecclesiastical court}.
{Christian era}, the present era, commencing with the birth
of Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk
(Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate
the era, its commencement was fixed three or four years
too late, so that 1890 should be 1893 or 1894.
{Christian name}, the name given in baptism, as distinct from
the family name, or surname.
Christianism \Chris`tian*ism\, n. [L. christianismus, Gr. ?: cf.
F. christianisme.]
1. The Christian religion. [Obs.] --Milton.
2. The Christian world; Christendom. [Obs.] --Johnson
Christianite \Chris"tian*ite\, n. [In sense (
a ) named after Christian Frederic, of Denmark; in sense (
b ) after Christian VII., of Denmark.] (Min.)
(a) Same as {Anorthite}. [R.]
(b) See {Phillipsite}.
Christianity \Chris*tian"i*ty\, n. [OE. cristiente, OF.
cristient['e], F. chr['e]tient['e], fr. L. christianitas. ]
1. The religion of Christians; the system of doctrines and
precepts taught by Christ.
2. Practical conformity of one's inward and outward life to
the spirit of the Christian religion
3. The body of Christian believers. [Obs.]
To Walys fled the christianitee Of olde Britons.
--Chaucer.
Christianization \Chris`tian*i*za"tion\, n.
The act or process of converting or being converted to a true
Christianity.
Christianize \Chris"tian*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Christianized}; p. pr. vb. n. {Christianizing}.] [Cf. F.
christianiser, L. christianizare, fr. Gr. ?.]
1. To make Christian; to convert to Christianity; as, to
Christianize pagans.
2. To imbue with or adapt to Christian principles.
Christianized philosophers. --I. Taylor.
Christianize \Chris"tian*ize\, v. i.
To adopt the character or belief of a Christian; to become
Christian.
The pagans began to Christianize. --Latham.
Christianlike \Chris"tian*like`\, a.
Becoming to a Christian.
A virtuous and a Christianlike conclusion. --Shak.
Christianly \Chris"tian*ly\, adv.
In a manner becoming the principles of the Christian
religion.
Sufferings . . . patiently and Christianly borne.
--Sharp.
Christianly \Chris"tian*ly\, a.
Christianlike. --Longfellow.
Christianness \Chris"tian*ness\, n.
Consonance with the doctrines of Christianity. [Obs.]
--Hammond.
Christless \Christ"less\, a.
Without faith in Christ; unchristian. --Tennyson.
Christlike \Christ"like`\, a.
Resembling Christ in character, actions, etc. --
{Christ"like`ness}, n.
Christly \Christ"ly\, a.
Christlike. --H. Bushnell.
Christmas \Christ"mas\, n. [Christ + mass.]
An annual church festival (December 25) and in some States a
legal holiday, in memory of the birth of Christ, often
celebrated by a particular church service, and also by
special gifts, greetings, and hospitality.
{Christmas box}.
(a) A box in which presents are deposited at Christmas.
(b) A present or small gratuity given to young people and
servants at Christmas; a Christmas gift.
{Christmas carol}, a carol sung at, or suitable for,
Christmas.
{Christmas day}. Same as {Christmas}.
{Christmas eve}, the evening before Christmas.
{Christmas fern} (Bot.), an evergreen North American fern
({Aspidium acrostichoides}), which is much used for
decoration in winter.
{Christmas flower}, {Christmas rose}, the black hellebore, a
poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in Southern
Europe often produces beautiful roselike flowers
midwinter.
{Christmas tree}, a small evergreen tree, set up indoors, to
be decorated with bonbons, presents, etc., and illuminated
on Christmas eve.
Christmastide \Christ"mas*tide`\, n. [Christmas + tide time.]
The season of Christmas.
Christocentric \Chris"to*cen"tric\, a. [Christ + centric.]
Making Christ the center, about whom all things are grouped,
as in religion or history; tending toward Christ, as the
central object of thought or emotion. --J. W. Chadwick.
Christology \Chris*tol"o*gy\, n. [Crist + -logy.]
A treatise on Christ; that department of theology which
treats of the personality, attributes, or life of Christ.
Christom \Chris"tom\, n.
See {Chrisom}. [Obs.] --Shak.
Christophany \Chris*toph"a*ny\, n. [Christ + Gr. ? to show.]
An appearance of Christ, as to his disciples after the
crucifixion.
Christ's-thorn \Christ's-thorn`\, n. (Bot.)
One of several prickly or thorny shrubs found in Palestine,
especially the {Paliurus aculeatus}, {Zizyphus
Spina-Christi}, and {Z. vulgaris}. The last bears the fruit
called jujube, and may be considered to have been the most
readily obtainable for the Crown of Thorns.
Chromascope \Chro"ma*scope\, n. [Gr. ? color + -scope.]
An instrument for showing the optical effects of color.
Chromate \Chro"mate\, n. [Cf. F. chromate. See {Chrome}.]
(Chem.)
A salt of chromic acid.
Chromatic \Chro*mat"ic\, a. [L. chromaticus, Gr. ?, suited for
color, fr. ?, ?, color; akin to ? color, ? skin, color of the
skin.]
1. Relating to color, or to colors.
2. (Mus.) Proceeding by the smaller intervals (half steps or
semitones) of the scale, instead of the regular intervals
of the diatonic scale.
Note: The intermediate tones were formerly written and
printed in colors.
{Chromatic aberration}. (Opt.) See {Aberration}, {4}.
{Chromatic printing}, printing from type or blocks covered
with inks of various colors.
{Chromatic scale} (Mus.), the scale consisting of thirteen
tones, including the eight scale tones and the five
intermediate tones.
Chromatical \Chro*mat"ic*al\, a.
Chromatic. [Obs.]
Chromatically \Chro*mat"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a chromatic manner.
Chromatics \Chro*mat"ics\, n.
The science of colors; that part of optics which treats of
the properties of colors.
Chromatin \Chro"ma*tin\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, color.] (Biol.)
Tissue which is capable of being stained by dyes.
Chromatism \Chro"ma*tism\, n. [Gr. ? a coloring.]
1. (Optics) The state of being colored, as in the case of
images formed by a lens.
2. (Bot.) An abnormal coloring of plants.
Chromatogenous \Chro`ma*tog"e*nous\, a. [Gr. ?, ?, color +
-genous.]
Producing color.
Chromatography \Chro`ma*tog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, color +
-graphy.]
A treatise on colors
Chromatology \Chro`ma*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, color + -logy.]
A treatise on colors.
Chromatophore \Chro"ma*to*phore`\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, color + ? to
bear.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A contractile cell or vesicle containing liquid
pigment and capable of changing its form or size, thus
causing changes of color in the translucent skin of such
animals as possess them. They are highly developed and
numerous in the cephalopods.
2. (Bot.) One of the granules of protoplasm, which in mass
give color to the part of the plant containing them.
Chromatoscope \Chro"ma*to*scope`\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, color +
-scope.] (Astron.)
A reflecting telescope, part of which is made to rotate
eccentrically, so as to produce a ringlike image of a star,
instead of a point; -- used in studying the scintillation of
the stars.
Chromatosphere \Chro"ma*to*sphere`\, n.
A chromosphere. [R.]
Chromatrope \Chro"ma*trope\, n. [Gr. ? color + ? turn, rotation,
? to turn.]
1. (Physics) An instrument for exhibiting certain chromatic
effects of light (depending upon the persistence of vision
and mixture of colors) by means of rapidly rotating disks
variously colored.
2. A device in a magic lantern or stereopticon to produce
kaleidoscopic effects.
Chromatype \Chro"ma*type\, n. [Gr. ? color + ? type.]
1. (Photog.) A colored photographic picture taken upon paper
made sensitive with potassium bichromate or some other
salt of chromium.
2. The process by which such picture is made.
Chrome \Chrome\, n.
Same as {Chromium}.
{Chrome alum} (Chem.), a dark violet substance,
{(SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O}, analogous to, and crystallizing
like, common alum. It is regarded as a double sulphate of
chromium and potassium.
{Chrome green}
(a) The green oxide of chromium, {Cr2O3}, used in enamel
painting, and glass staining.
(b) A pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian
blue.
{Chrome red}, a beautiful red pigment originally prepared
from the basic chromate of lead, but now made from red
oxide of lead.
{Chrome yellow}, a brilliant yellow pigment, {PbCrO4}, used
by painters.
Chromic \Chro"mic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the
compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence.
{Chromic acid}, an acid, {H2CrO4}, analogous to sulphuric
acid, not readily obtained in the free state, but forming
well known salts, many of which are colored pigments, as
chrome yellow, chrome red, etc.
{Chromic anhydride}, a brilliant red crystalline substance,
{CrO3}, regarded as the anhydride of chromic acid. It is
one of the most powerful oxidizers known.
Chromid \Chro"mid\, n. [Gr. ? a kind of fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the {Chromid[ae]}, a family of fresh-water fishes
abundant in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some
are valuable food fishes, as the {bulti} of the Nile.
Chromidrosis \Chro`mi*dro"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? color + ?
sweat.] (Med.)
Secretion of abnormally colored perspiration.
Chromism \Chro"mism\, n.
Same as {Chromatism}.
Chromite \Chro"mite\, n.
1. (Min.) A black submetallic mineral consisting of oxide of
chromium and iron; -- called also {chromic iron}.
2. (Chem.) A compound or salt of chromous hydroxide regarded
as an acid. [R.]
Chromium \Chro"mi*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? color.] (Chem.)
A comparatively rare element occurring most abundantly in the
mineral chromite. Atomic weight 52.5. Symbol Cr. When
isolated it is a hard, brittle, grayish white metal, fusible
with difficulty. Its chief commercial importance is for its
compounds, as potassium chromate, lead chromate, etc., which
are brilliantly colored and are used dyeing and calico
printing. Called also {chrome}.
Chromo \Chro"mo\, n.; pl. {Chromos}. [Abbrev. from
chromolithograph.]
A chromolithograph.
Chromoblast \Chro"mo*blast\, n. [Gr. ? color + -blast.]
An embryonic cell which develops into a pigment cell.
Chromogen \Chro"mo*gen\, [Gr. ? color + -gen.]
1. (Biol.) Vegetable coloring matter other than green;
chromule.
2. (Chem.) Any colored compound, supposed to contain one or
more chromophores.
Chromogenic \Chro"mo*gen"ic\, a. (Biol.)
Containing, or capable of forming, chromogen; as, chromogenic
bacteria.
Chromograph \Chro"mo*graph\, n. [Gr. ? color + -graph.]
An apparatus by which a number of copies of written matter,
maps, plans, etc., can be made; -- called also {hectograph}.
Chromoleucite \Chro`mo*leu"cite\, n. [Gr. ? color + E. leucite.]
(Bot.)
A chromoplastid.
Chromolithograph \Chro`mo*lith"o*graph\, n. [Gr. ? color + E.
lithograph.]
A picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions
from a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.
Chromolithographer \Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher\, n.
One who is engaged in chromolithography.
Chromolithographic \Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.
Chromolithography \Chro"mo*li*thog"ra*phy\, n.
Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various colors.
Chromophane \Chro"mo*phane\, n. [Gr. ? color + ? to show.]
(Physiol.)
A general name for the several coloring matters, red, green,
yellow, etc., present in the inner segments in the cones of
the retina, held in solution by fats, and slowly decolorized
by light; distinct from the photochemical pigments of the
rods of the retina.
Chromophore \Chro"mo*phore\, n. [Gr. ? color + ? to bear.]
(Chem.)
Any chemical group or residue (as {NO2}; {N2}; or {O2}) which
imparts some decided color to the compound of which it is an
ingredient.
Chromophotography \Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? color + E.
photography.]
The art of producing photographs in colors.
Chromophotolithograph \Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph\, n.
A photolithograph printed in colors.
Chromoplastid \Chro`mo*plas"tid\, n. [Gr. ? + E. plastid.]
(Bot.)
A protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; --
also called {chromoleucite}.
Chromosome \Chro"mo*some`\, n. [Gr. ? color + ? the body.]
(Biol.)
One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the
nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the {idant}
of Weismann.
Chromosphere \Chro"mo*sphere\, n. [Gr. ? color + E. sphere.]
(Astron.)
An atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of
incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping
the photosphere. Portions of the chromosphere are here and
there thrown up into enormous tongues of flame.
Chromospheric \Chro`mo*spher"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to the chromosphere.
Chromotype \Chro"mo*type\, n. [Gr. ? color + -type.]
1. A sheet printed in colors by any process, as a
chromolithograph. See {Chromolithograph}.
2. A photographic picture in the natural colors.
Chromous \Chro"mous\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this
element has a valence lower than that in chromic compounds.
{Chromous acid}, a bluish gray powder, CrO.OH, of weak acid
properties and regard as an acid.
Chromule \Chro"mule\, n. [Gr. ? color + ? matter.] (Bot.)
A general name for coloring matter of plants other than
chlorophyll, especially that of petals.
Chronic \Chron"ic\, a. [L. chronicus, Gr. ? concerning time,
from ? time: cf. F. chronique.]
1. Relating to time; according to time.
2. Continuing for a long time; lingering; habitual.
{Chronic disease}, one which is inveterate, of long
continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an
acute disease, which speedly terminates.
Chronical \Chron"ic*al\, a.
Chronic.
Partly on a chronical, and partly on a topical method.
--J. A.
Alexander.
Chronicle \Chron"i*cle\, n. [OE. cronicle, fr. cronique, OF.
cronique, F. chronique, L. chronica, fr. Gr. ?, neut. pl. of
?. See {Chronic}.]
1. An historical register or account of facts or events
disposed in the order of time.
2. A narrative of events; a history; a record.
3. pl. The two canonical books of the Old Testament in which
immediately follow 2 Kings.
Syn: Syn. - Register; record; annals. See {History}.
Chronicle \Chron"i*cle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chronicled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Chronicling}.]
To record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register.
--Shak.
Chronicler \Chron"i*cler\, n.
A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of
time; an historian.
Such an honest chronicler as Griffith. --Shak.
Chronique \Chro`nique"\, n. [F. See {Chronicle}.]
A chronicle. --L. Addison.
Chronogram \Chron"o*gram\, n. [Gr. ? time + ? writing,
character: cf. F. chronogramme.]
1. An inscription in which certain numeral letters, made to
appear specially conspicuous, on being added together,
express a particular date or epoch, as in the motto of a
medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632: ChrIstVs DVX;
ergo trIVMphVs. - the capitals of which give, when added
as numerals, the sum 1632.
2. The record or inscription made by a chronograph.
Chronogrammatic \Chron`o*gram*mat"ic\, Chronogrammatical
\Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. chronogrammatique.]
Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.
Chronogrammatist \Chron`o*gram"ma*tist\, n.
A writer of chronograms.
Chronograph \Chron"o*graph\, n. [Gr. ? time + -graph: cf. F.
chronographe.]
1. An instrument for measuring or recording intervals of
time, upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved by
clockwork. The action of the stylus or pen is controlled
by electricity.
2. Same as {Chronogram}, 1. [R.]
3. A chronoscope.
Chronographer \Chro*nog"ra*pher\, n.
One who writes a chronography; a chronologer. --Tooke.
Chronographic \Chron`o*graph"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a chronograph.
Chronography \Chro*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ?. See {Chronograph}.]
A description or record of past time; history. [Obs.] --Bp.
Hall.
Chronologer \Chro*nol"o*ger\, n.
Same as {Chronologist}.
Chronologic \Chron`o*log"ic\, Chronological \Chron`o*log"ic*al\,
a. [Gr. ?.]
Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in
the order of time; according to the order of time; as,
chronological tables. --Raleigh. -- {Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly},
adv.
Chronologist \Chro*nol"o*gist\, Chronologer \Chro*nol"o*ger\, n.
[Gr. ?.]
A person who investigates dates of events and transactions;
one skilled in chronology.
That learned noise and dust of the chronologist is
wholly to be avoided. --Locke.
THe most exact chronologers tell us that Christ was
born in October, and not in December. --John Knox.
Chronology \Chro*nol"o*gy\, n.; pl. {Chronologies}. [Gr. ?; ?
time + ? discourse: cf. F. chronologie.]
The science which treats of measuring time by regular
divisions or periods, and which assigns to events or
transactions their proper dates.
If history without chronology is dark and confused,
chronology without history is dry and insipid. --A.
Holmes.
Chronometer \Chro*nom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? time + -meter: cf. F.
chronom[`e]tre.]
1. An instrument for measuring time; a timekeeper.
2. A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation balance,
and usually beating half seconds; -- intended to keep time
with great accuracy for use an astronomical observations,
in determining longitude, etc.
3. (Mus.) A metronome.
{Box chronometer}. See under {Box}.
{Pocket chronometer}, a chronometer in the form of a large
watch.
{To rate a chronometer}. See {Rate}, v. t.
Chronometric \Chron`o*met"ric\, Chronometrical
\Chron`o*met"ric*al\, a. [Cf. F. chronom['e]trique.]
Pertaining to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.
Chronometry \Chro*nom"e*try\, n. [Cf. F. chronom['e]trie.]
The art of measuring time; the measuring of time by periods
or divisions.
Chronopher \Chron"o*pher\, n. [Gr. ? time + ? to carry.]
An instrument signaling the correct time to distant points by
electricity.
Chronoscope \Chron"o*scope\, n. [Gr. ? time + -scope.]
An instrument for measuring minute intervals of time; used in
determining the velocity of projectiles, the duration of
short-lived luminous phenomena, etc.
Chrysalid \Chrys"a*lid\, a.
Pertaining to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.
Chrysalid \Chrys"a*lid\, n.; pl. {Chrysalids}.
See {Chrysalis}.
Chrysalis \Chrys"a*lis\, n.; pl. {Chrysalides}. [L. chrysallis
the gold-colored pupa of butterflies, Gr. ?, fr. ? gold. Cf.
{Aurelia}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The pupa state of certain insects, esp. of butterflies, from
which the perfect insect emerges. See {Pupa}, and {Aurelia}
(a) .
Chrysaniline \Chrys*an"i*line\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + E.
anilene.] (Chem.)
A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the
manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow
color.
Chrysanthemum \Chrys*an"the*mum\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; chryso`s
gold + ? flower.] (Bot.)
A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many
species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums
(annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye
daisy.
Chrysarobin \Chrys`a*ro"bin\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + araroba a
foreign name of Goa powder + -in.] (Chem.)
A bitter, yellow substance forming the essential constituent
of Goa powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence
formerly called also {chrysphanic acid}.
Chrysaurin \Chrys*au"rin\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + L. aurum
gold. So called from its color.]
An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.
Chryselephantine \Chrys`el*e*phan"tine\, a. [Gr. chryso`s gold +
? made of ivory, fr. ? ivory, elephant.]
Composed of, or adorned with, gold and ivory.
Note: The chryselephantine statues of the Greeks were built
up with inferior materials, veneered, as it were, with
ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for
the hair and garments.
Chrysene \Chry"sene\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold.] (Chem.)
One of the higher aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied
to naphthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline
substance, {C18H12}, of strong blue fluorescence, but
generally colored yellow by impurities.
Chrysoberyl \Chrys"o*ber`yl\, n. [L. chrysoberyllus, Gr. ?;
chryso`s gold + ? beryl.] (Min.)
A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow to green or brown
color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina. It is very
hard, and is often used as a gem.
Chrysochlore \Chrys"o*chlore\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + ? light
green: cf. F. chrysochlore.] (Zo["o]l.)
A South African mole of the genus {Chrysochloris}; the golden
mole, the fur of which reflects brilliant metallic hues of
green and gold.
Chrysocolla \Chrys"o*col`la\, n. [L., fr. Gr. chryso`kolla gold
solder; chryso`s gold + ? glue.] (Min.)
A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring massive, of a blue or
greenish blue color.
Chrysogen \Chrys"o*gen\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + -gen.] (Chem.)
A yellow crystalline substance extracted from crude
anthracene.
Chrysography \Chry*sog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ?; chryso`s gold + ? to
write.]
1. The art of writing in letters of gold.
2. A writing executed in letters of gold.
Chrysoidine \Chrys*o"["i]*dine\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + -oid +
-ine.] (Chem.)
An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye, {C6H5N2.C6H3(NH2)2}.
Also, one of a group of dyestuffs resembling chryso["i]dine
proper.
Chrysolite \Chrys"o*lite\, n. [L. chrysolithos, Gr. ?; chryso`s
gold + ? stone: cf. F. chrysolithe.] (Min.)
A mineral, composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a
yellow to green color. It is common in certain volcanic
rocks; -- called also {olivine} and {peridot}. Sometimes used
as a gem. The name was also early used for yellow varieties
of tourmaline and topaz.
Chrysology \Chry*sol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + -logy.]
That branch of political economy which relates to the
production of wealth.
Chrysopa \Chrys*o"pa\, n. [NL., from Gr. chryso`s gold + ?, ?,
eye, face.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of neuropterous insects. See {Lacewing}.
Chrysophane \Chrys"o*phane\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + ? to show.]
(Chem.)
A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow,
crystalline powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid on
decomposition.
Chrysophanic \Chrys`o*phan"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling, chrysophane.
{Chrysophanic acid} (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance
extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock, sienna, chrysarobin,
etc., and shown to be a derivative of an anthracene. It is
used in the treatment of skin diseases; -- called also
{rhein}, {rheic acid}, {rhubarbarin}, etc.
Chrysoprase \Chrys"o*prase\, n. [OE. crisopace, OF. crisoprace,
F. chrysoprase, L. chrysoprasus, fr. Gr. ?; chryso`s gold + ?
leek.] (Min.)
An apple-green variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It
has a dull flinty luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.
Chrysoprasus \Chry*sop"ra*sus\, n. [L.]
See {Chrysoprase}. --Rev. xxi. 20.
Chrysosperm \Chrys"o*sperm\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + ? seed.]
The seed of gold; a means of creating gold. [Obs.] --B.
Jonson.
Chrysotype \Chrys"o*type\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold + -type.]
1. A photographic picture taken upon paper prepared by the
use of a sensitive salt of iron and developed by the
application of chloride of gold. --Abney.
2. 2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.
Chthonic \Chthon"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, ?, the earth.]
Pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, chthonic religions.
[The] chthonic character of the wife of Zeus. --Max
M["u]ller.
Chthonophagia \Chthon`o*pha"gi*a\, Chthonophagy
\Chtho*noph"a*gy\, n. [NL. chthonophagia; Gr. ?, ?, earth + ? to
eat.]
A disease characterized by an irresistible desire to eat
earth, observed in some parts of the southern United States,
the West Indies, etc.
Chub \Chub\, n. [This word seems to signify a large or thick
fish. Cf. Sw. kubb a short and thick piece of wood, and perh.
F. chabot chub.] (Zo["o]l.)
A species to fresh-water fish of the {Cyprinid[ae]} or Carp
family. The common European species is {Leuciscus cephalus};
the cheven. In America the name is applied to various fishes
of the same family, of the genera {Semotilus}, {Squalius},
{Ceratichthys}, etc., and locally to several very different
fishes, as the {tautog}, {black bass}, etc.
{Chub mackerel} (Zo["o]l.), a species of mackerel ({Scomber
colias}) in some years found in abundance on the Atlantic
coast, but absent in others; -- called also {bull
mackerel}, {thimble-eye}, and {big-eye mackerel}.
{Chub sucker} (Zo["o]l.), a fresh-water fish of the United
States ({Erimyzon sucetta}); -- called also {creekfish}.
Chubbed \Chub"bed\, a.
Chubby. [R.] --H. Brooke.
Chubbedness \Chub"bed*ness\, n.
The state of being chubby.
Chubby \Chub"by\, a.
Like a chub; plump, short, and thick. ``Chubby faces.'' --I.
Taylor.
Chub-faced \Chub"-faced`\, a.
Having a plump, short face.
Chuck \Chuck\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Chucked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chucking}.] [Imitative of the sound.]
1. To make a noise resembling that of a hen when she calls
her chickens; to cluck.
2. To chuckle; to laugh. [R.] --Marston.
Chuck \Chuck\, v. t.
To call, as a hen her chickens. --Dryden.
Chuck \Chuck\, n.
1. The chuck or call of a hen.
2. A sudden, small noise.
3. A word of endearment; -- corrupted from chick. ``Pray,
chuck, come hither.'' --Shak.
Chuck \Chuck\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chucked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chucking}.] [F. choquer to strike. Cf. {Shock}, v. t.]
1. To strike gently; to give a gentle blow to.
Chucked the barmaid under the chin. --W. Irving.
2. To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to pitch.
[Colloq.] ``Mahomet Ali will just be chucked into the
Nile.'' --Lord Palmerson.
3. (Mech.) To place in a chuck, or hold by means of a chuck,
as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a revolving
piece held in a chuck.
Chuck \Chuck\, n.
1. A slight blow or pat under the chin.
2. A short throw; a toss.
3. (Mach.) A contrivance or machine fixed to the mandrel of a
lathe, for holding a tool or the material to be operated
upon.
{Chuck farthing}, a play in which a farthing is pitched into
a hole; pitch farthing.
{Chuck hole}, a deep hole in a wagon rut.
{Elliptic chuck}, a chuck having a slider and an eccentric
circle, which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding
motion across the center which generates an ellipse.
--Knight.
Chuck \Chuck\ (ch[u^]k), n.
1. A small pebble; -- called also {chuckstone} and
{chuckiestone}. [Scot.]
2. pl. A game played with chucks, in which one or more are
tossed up and caught; jackstones. [Scot.]
Chuck \Chuck\, n.
A piece of the backbone of an animal, from between the neck
and the collar bone, with the adjoining parts, cut for
cooking; as, a chuck steak; a chuck roast. [Colloq.]
Chuckle \Chuc"kle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chuckled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Chuckling}.] [From lst {Chuck}.]
1. To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck. [Obs.] --Dryden.
2. To fondle; to cocker. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Chuckle \Chuc"kle\, n.
A short, suppressed laugh; the expression of satisfaction,
exultation, or derision.
Chuckle \Chuc"kle\, v. i. [From lst {Chuck}.]
To laugh in a suppressed or broken manner, as expressing
inward satisfaction, exultation, or derision.
Chucklehead \Chuc"kle*head`\, n.
A person with a large head; a numskull; a dunce. [Low]
--Knowles.
Chuckleheaded \Chuc"kle*head`ed\, a.
Having a large head; thickheaded; dull; stupid. --Smart.
Chuck-Will's-widow \Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow\, n. (Zool.)
A species of goatsucker ({Antrostomus Carolinensis}), of the
southern United States; -- so called from its note.
Chud \Chud\, v. t. [Cf. {Chew}, {Cud}.]
To champ; to bite. [Obs.] --A. Stafford.
Chuet \Chu"et\, n. [From {Chew}, v. t.]
Minced meat. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Chufa \Chu"fa\, n. [Sp.] (Bot.)
A sedgelike plant ({Cyperus esculentus}) producing edible
tubers, native about the Mediterranean, now cultivated in
many regions; the earth almond.
Chuff \Chuff\, n. [Perh. a modification of chub: cf. W. cyff
stock, stump.]
A coarse or stupid fellow. --Shak.
Chuff \Chuff\, a.
Stupid; churlish. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
Chuffily \Chuff"i*ly\, adv.
Clownishly; surlily.
Chuffiness \Chuff"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being chuffy.
Chuffy \Chuff"y\, a.
1. Fat or puffed out in the cheeks.
2. Rough; clownish; surly.
Chulan \Chu"lan\, n. (Bot.)
The fragrant flowers of the {Chloranthus inconspicuus}, used
in China for perfuming tea.
Chum \Chum\, n. [Perh. a contraction fr. comrade or chamber
fellow: cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.]
A roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and
intimate friend.
Chum \Chum\, v. i. [imp. p. p. {Chummed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Chumming}.]
To occupy a chamber with another; as, to chum together at
college. [U. S.]
Chum \Chum\, n.
Chopped pieces of fish used as bait. [U. S.]
Chump \Chump\, n. [Cf. Icel. kumbr a chopping, E. chop.]
A short, thick, heavy piece of wood. --Morton.
{Chump end}, the thick end; as, the chump end of a joint of
meat. --Dickens.
Chunam \Chu*nam"\, n. [Hind. ch[=u]n[=a], from Skr. c[=u]r[.n]a
powder, dust; or a Dravidian word.]
Quicklime; also, plaster or mortar. [India] --Whitworth.
Chunk \Chunk\, n. [Cf. {Chump}.]
A short, thick piece of anything. [Colloq. U. S. & Prov.
Eng.]
Chunky \Chunk"y\, a.
Short and thick. [U. S.] --Kane.
Church \Church\, n. [OE. chirche, chireche, cherche, Scot. kirk,
from AS. circe, cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel. kirkja, Sw.
kyrka, Dan. kirke, G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. ?
the Lord's house, fr. ? concerning a master or lord, fr. ?
master, lord, fr. ? power, might; akin to Skr. [,c][=u]ra
hero, Zend. [,c]ura strong, OIr. caur, cur, hero. Cf.
{Kirk}.]
1. A building set apart for Christian worship.
2. A Jewish or heathen temple. [Obs.] --Acts xix. 37.
3. A formally organized body of Christian believers
worshiping together. ``When they had ordained them elders
in every church.'' --Acts xiv. 23.
4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same creed,
observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same
ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman
Catholic church; the Presbyterian church.
5. The collective body of Christians.
6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish church; the church
of Brahm.
7. The aggregate of religious influences in a community;
ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to array
the power of the church against some moral evil.
Remember that both church and state are properly the
rulers of the people, only because they are their
benefactors. --Bulwer.
Note: Church is often used in composition to denote something
belonging or relating to the church; as, church
authority; church history; church member; church music,
etc.
{Apostolic church}. See under {Apostolic}.
{Broad church}. See {Broad Church}.
{Catholic or Universal} {church}, the whole body of believers
in Christ throughout the world.
{Church of England}, or {English church}, the Episcopal
church established and endowed in England by law.
{Church living}, a benefice in an established church.
{Church militant}. See under {Militant}.
{Church owl} (Zo["o]l.), the white owl. See {Barn owl}.
{Church rate}, a tax levied on parishioners for the
maintenance of the church and its services.
{Church session}. See under {Session}.
{Church triumphant}. See under {Triumphant}.
{Church work}, work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work
of a particular church for the spread of religion.
{Established church}, the church maintained by the civil
authority; a state church.
Church \Church\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Churched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Churching}.]
To bless according to a prescribed form, or to unite with in
publicly returning thanks in church, as after deliverance
from the dangers of childbirth; as, the churching of women.
Church-ale \Church"-ale`\, n.
A church or parish festival (as in commemoration of the
dedication of a church), at which much ale was used.
--Wright. Nares.
Church-bench \Church"-bench`\, n.
A seat in the porch of a church. --Shak.
Churchdom \Church"dom\, n.
The institution, government, or authority of a church. [R.]
--Bp. Pearson.
Churchgoer \Church"go`er\, n.
One who attends church.
Churchgoing \Church"go`ing\, a.
1. Habitually attending church.
2. Summoning to church.
The sound of the churchgoing bell. --Cowper.
Church-haw \Church"-haw`\, n. [Church + haw a yard.]
Churchyard. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Churchism \Church"ism\, n.
Strict adherence to the forms or principles of some church
organization; sectarianism.
Churchless \Church"less\, a.
Without a church. --T. Fuller.
Churchlike \Church"like`\, a.
Befitting a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman.
--Shak.
Churchliness \Church"li*ness\, n.
Regard for the church.
Churchly \Church"ly\, a.
Pertaining to, or suitable for, the church; ecclesiastical.
Churchman \Church"man\, n.; pl. {Churchmen}.
1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman.
2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established Church of
England. ``A zealous churchman.'' --Macaulay.
3. One was is attached to, or attends, church.
Churchmanly \Church"man*ly\, a.
Pertaining to, or becoming, a churchman. --Milman.
Churchmanship \Church"man*ship\, n.
The state or quality of being a churchman; attachment to the
church.
Church modes \Church" modes`\ (Mus.)
The modes or scales used in ancient church music. See
{Gregorian}.
Churchship \Church"ship\, n.
State of being a church. --South.
Churchwarden \Church"ward`en\, n.
1. One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church,
whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always
include the provision of what is necessary for the
communion service.
2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube. [Slang, Eng.]
There was a small wooden table placed in front of
the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of
tobacco, and two long churchwardens. --W. Black.
Churchwardenship \Church"ward`en*ship\, n.
The office of a churchwarden.
Churchy \Church"y\, a.
Relating to a church; unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]
Churchyard \Church"yard`\, n.
The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried;
a cemetery.
Like graves in the holy churchyard. --Shak.
Syn: Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis;
cemetery; God's acre.
Churl \Churl\, n. [AS. ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man,
husband; akin to D. karel, kerel, G. kerl, Dan. & Sw. karl,
Icel. karl, and to the E. proper name Charles (orig., man,
male), and perh. to Skr. j[=a]ra lover. Cf. {Carl},
{Charles's Wain}.]
1. A rustic; a countryman or laborer. ``A peasant or churl.''
--Spenser.
Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth Bow to
the stalwart churls in overalls. --Emerson.
2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.
A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain
or falsehood. --Sir P.
Sidney.
3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard.
Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf.
--Drayton.
Churl \Churl\, a.
Churlish; rough; selfish. [Obs.] --Ford.
Churlish \Churl"ish\, a.
1. Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly;
illiberal; niggardly. ``Churlish benefits.'' --Ld.
Burleigh.
Half mankind maintain a churlish strife. --Cowper.
2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not easily
wrought; as, a churlish soil; the churlish and intractable
nature of some minerals. --Boyle.
Churlishly \Churl"ish*ly\, adv.
In a churlish manner.
Churlishness \Churl"ish*ness\, n.
Rudeness of manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.
Churly \Churl"y\, a.
Rude; churlish; violent. --Longfellow.
Churme \Churme\, Chirm \Chirm\, n. [See {Chirm}.]
Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing. [Obs.]
The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches.
--Bacon.
Churn \Churn\ (ch[^u]rn), n. [OE. chirne, cherne, AS. ceren,
cyrin; akin to D. karn, Dan. kierne. See {Churn}, v. t.]
A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or
otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in
order to separate the oily globules from the other parts, and
obtain butter.
Churn \Churn\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Churned} (ch[^u]rnd); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Churning}.] [OE. chernen, AS. cernan; akin to LG.
karnen, G. kernen, D. karnen, Dan. kierne, Sw. k["a]rna, and
also to E. corn, kernel, the meaning coming from the idea of
extracting the kernel or marrow. See {Kernel}.]
1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in
order to make butter.
2. To shake or agitate with violence.
Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose.
--Addison.
Churn \Churn\, v. i.
To perform the operation of churning.
Churning \Churn"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who churns.
2. The quantity of butter made at one operation.
Churrus \Chur"rus\, n. [Hind. charas.]
A powerfully narcotic and intoxicating gum resin which exudes
from the flower heads, seeds, etc., of Indian hemp.
Churrworm \Churr"worm`\, n. [AS. cyrran, cerran, to turn.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An insect that turns about nimbly; the mole cricket; --
called also {fan cricket}. --Johnson.
Chuse \Chuse\, v. t.
See Choose. [Obs.]
Chute \Chute\, n. [F. chute, prop. a fall.]
1. A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which
objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level,
or through which water passes to a wheel.
2. See {Shoot}.
Chutney \Chut"ney\, Chutnee \Chut"nee\, n. [Hind. chatn[=i].]
A warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded
of various vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.
Chylaceous \Chy*la"ceous\, a. (Physiol.)
Possessed of the properties of chyle; consisting of chyle.
Chylaqueous \Chy*la"que*ous\, a. [Chyle + aqueous.] (Zo["o]l.)
Consisting of chyle much diluted with water; -- said of a
liquid which forms the circulating fluid of some inferior
animals.
Chyle \Chyle\, n. [NL. chylus, Gr. ? juice, chyle, fr. ? to
pour: cf. F. chyle; prob. akin to E. fuse to melt.]
(Physiol.)
A milky fluid containing the fatty matter of the food in a
state of emulsion, or fine mechanical division; formed from
chyme by the action of the intestinal juices. It is absorbed
by the lacteals, and conveyed into the blood by the thoracic
duct.
Chylifaction \Chyl`i*fac"tion\, n. [Chyle + L. facere to make.]
(Physiol.)
The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in
animal bodies; chylification, -- a digestive process.
Chylifactive \Chyl`i*fac"tive\, a. (Physiol.)
Producing, or converting into, chyle; having the power to
form chyle.
Chyliferous \Chy*lif"er*ous\, a. [Chyle + -ferous: cf. F.
chylif[`e]re.] (Physiol.)
Transmitting or conveying chyle; as, chyliferous vessels.
Chylific \Chy*lif"ic\, a.
Chylifactive.
Chylification \Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. (Physiol.)
The formation of chyle. See {Chylifaction}.
Chylificatory \Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry\ (? or ?), a.
Chylifactive.
Chylify \Chy"li*fy\, v. t. & i. [Chyle + -ly.] (Physiol.)
To make chyle of; to be converted into chyle.
Chylopoetic \Chy`lo*po*et"ic\, a. [Gr. chylopoiei^n to make into
juice, chylo`s juice, chyle + poiei^n to make.] (Physiol.)
Concerned in the formation of chyle; as, the chylopoetic
organs.
Chylous \Chy"lous\, a. [Cf. F. chyleux.] (Physiol.)
Consisting of, or similar to, chyle.
Chyluria \Chy*lu"ri*a\, n. [NL. from Gr. ? chyle + ? urine.]
(Med.)
A morbid condition in which the urine contains chyle or fatty
matter, giving it a milky appearance.
Chyme \Chyme\, n. [L. chymus chyle, Gr. ? juice, like ?, fr. ?
to pour: cf. F. chyme. See {Chyle}.] (Physiol.)
The pulpy mass of semi-digested food in the small intestines
just after its passage from the stomach. It is separated in
the intestines into chyle and excrement. See {Chyle}.
Chymic \Chym"ic\, Chymist \Chym"ist\, Chymistry \Chym"is*try\
[Obs.]
See {Chemic}, {Chemist}, {Chemistry}.
Chymiferous \Chy*mif"er*ous\, a. [Chyme + -ferous.] (Physiol.)
Bearing or containing chyme.
Chymification \Chym`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Chyme + L. facere to
make: cf. F. Chymification.] (Physiol.)
The conversion of food into chyme by the digestive action of
gastric juice.
Chymify \Chym"i*fy\, v. t. [Chyme + -fy: cf. F. chymifier.]
(Physiol.)
To form into chyme.
Chymous \Chy"mous\, a.
Of or pertaining to chyme.
Chyometer \Chy*om"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? to pour + -meter.] (Chem.)
An instrument for measuring liquids. It consists of a piston
moving in a tube in which is contained the liquid, the
quantity expelled being indicated by the graduation upon the
piston rod.
Cibarious \Ci*ba"ri*ous\, a. [L. cibaruus, fr. cibus food.]
Pertaining to food; edible. --Johnson.
Cibation \Ci*ba"tion\, n. [L. cibatio, fr. cibare to feed.]
1. The act of taking food.
2. (Alchemy) The process or operation of feeding the contents
of the crucible with fresh material. --B. Jonson.
Cibol \Cib"ol\, n. [F. ciboule, LL. cepula, cepola, dim. of L.
cepa, caepa, caepe, an onion. Cf. {Chibbal}, {Cives}.]
A perennial alliaceous plant ({Allium fistulosum}), sometimes
called Welsh onion. Its fistular leaves areused in cookery.
Ciborium \Ci*bo"ri*um\, n.: pl. {Ciboria}. [LL., fr. L. ciborium
a cup, fr. Gr. ? a seed vessel of the Egyptian bean; also, a
cup made from its largeleaves, or resembling its seed vessel
in shape.]
1. (Arch.) A canopy usually standing free and supported on
four columns, covering the high altar, or, very rarely, a
secondary altar.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The coffer or case in which the host is kept;
the pyx.
Cicada \Ci*ca"da\ (s[i^]*k[=a]"d[.a]), n.; pl. E. {Cicadas}
(-d[.a]z), L. {Cicad[ae]} (-d[=e]). [L.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of the genus {Cicada}. They are large hemipterous
insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male makes a
shrill sound by peculiar organs in the under side of the
abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, acted
upon by powerful muscles. A noted American species ({C.
septendecim}) is called the {seventeen year locust}. Another
common species is the {dogday cicada}.
Cicala \Ci*ca"la\ (ch[-e]*k[aum]"l[.a]), n. [It., fr. L.
cicada.]
A cicada. See {Cicada}. ``At eve a dry cicala sung.''
--Tennison.
Cicatrice \Cic"a*trice\, n. [F., fr. L. cicatrix.]
A cicatrix.
Cicatricial \Cic`a*tri"cial\, a. (Med.)
Relating to, or having the character of, a cicatrix.
--Dunglison.
Cicatricle \Cic"a*tri`cle\, n. [Cf. F. cicatricule, fr. L.
cicatricula a small scar, fr. cicatrix a scar.] (Biol.)
The germinating point in the embryo of a seed; the point in
the yolk of an egg at which development begins.
Cicatrisive \Cic"a*tri`sive\, a.
Tending to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for
healing of a wound.
Cicatrix \Ci*ca"trix\, n.; pl. {Cicatrices}. [L.] (Med.)
The pellicle which forms over a wound or breach of continuity
and completes the process of healing in the latter, and which
subsequently contracts and becomes white, forming the scar.
Cicatrizant \Cic"a*tri`zant\, n. [Cf. F. cicatrisant, properly
p. pr. of cicatriser.] (Med.)
A medicine or application that promotes the healing of a sore
or wound, or the formation of a cicatrix.
Cicatrization \Cic`a*tri*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. cicatrisation.]
(Med.)
The process of forming a cicatrix, or the state of being
cicatrized.
Cicatrize \Cic"a*trize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cicatrized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cicatrizing}.] [Cf. F. cicatriser, fr.
cicatrice, L. cicatrix, scar.] (Med.)
To heal or induce the formation of a cicatrix in, as in
wounded or ulcerated flesh. --Wiseman.
Cicatrize \Cic"a*trize\, v. i. (Med.)
To heal; to have a new skin.
Cicatrose \Cic"a*trose`\, a.
Full of scars. --Craig.
Cicely \Cic"e*ly\, n. [L. seselis, Gr. ?, ?; perh. ultimately of
Egyptian origin.] (Bot.)
Any one of several umbelliferous plants, of the genera
{Myrrhis}, {Osmorrhiza}, etc.
Cicero \Cic"e*ro\, n. (Print.)
Pica type; -- so called by French printers.
Cicerone \Ci`ce*ro"ne\, n.; pl. It. {Ciceroni}, E. {Cicerones}.
[It., fr. L. Cicero, the Roman orator. So called from the
ordinary talkativeness of such a guide.]
One who shows strangers the curiosities of a place; a guide.
Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers
about their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is
termed by them [the Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero.
--Trench.
Ciceronian \Cic`e*ro"ni*an\, a. [L. Ciceronianus, fr. Cicero,
the orator.]
Resembling Cicero in style or action; eloquent.
Ciceronianism \Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism\, n.
Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero;
a Ciceronian phrase or expression. ``Great study in
Ciceronianism, the chief abuse of Oxford.'' --Sir P. Sidney.
Cichoraceous \Cich`o*ra"ceous\, a. [See {Chicory}.]
Belonging to, or resembling, a suborder of composite plants
of which the chicory ({Cichorium}) is the type.
Cich-pea \Cich"-pea`\, n.
The chick-pea. --Holland.
Cicisbeism \Ci*cis"be*ism\, n.
The state or conduct of a cicisbeo.
Cicisbeo \Ci`cis*be"o\, n.; pl. It. {Cicisbei}. [It.]
1. A professed admirer of a married woman; a dangler about
women.
2. A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a fan, walking stick,
etc. [Obs.]
Ciclatoun \Cic"la*toun`\, n. [Of. ciclaton.]
A costly cloth, of uncertain material, used in the Middle
Ages. [Obs.] [Written also {checklaton}, {chekelatoun}.]
His robe was of ciclatoun, That coste many a Jane.
--Chaucer.
Cicurate \Cic"u*rate\, v. t. [L. cicurare to tame, fr. cicur
tame.]
To tame. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Cicuration \Cic`u*ra"tion\, n. [Cf. F. cicuration.]
The act of taming. [Obs.] --Ray.
Cicuta \Ci*cu"ta\, n. [L., the poison hemlock.] (Bot.)
a genus of poisonous umbelliferous plants, of which the water
hemlock or cowbane is best known.
Note: The name cicuta is sometimes erroneously applied to
Conium maculatum, or officinal hemlock.
Cicutoxin \Cic`u*tox"in\, n. (Chem.)
The active principle of the water hemlock ({Cicuta})
extracted as a poisonous gummy substance.
Cid \Cid\, n. [Sp., fr. Ar. seid lord.]
1. Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a title of Ruy
Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and of
the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th century.
2. An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of the Spanish
national hero, Ruy Diaz.
Cider \Ci"der\, n. [F. cidre, OF. sidre, fr. L. sicera a kind of
strong drink, Gr. ?; of Oriental origin; cf. Heb. sh[=a]kar
to be intoxicated, sh[=e]k[=a]r strong drink.]
The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for
making vinegar, and for other purposes.
Note: Cider was formerly used to signify the juice of other
fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was not
applied to wine.
{Cider brandy}, a kind of brandy distilled from cider.
{Cider mill}, a mill in which cider is made.
{Cider press}, the press of a cider mill.
Ciderist \Ci`der*ist\, n.
A maker of cider. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Ciderkin \Ci"der*kin\, n. [Cider + -kin.]
A kind of weak cider made by steeping the refuse pomace in
water.
Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and supplies the
place of small beer. --Mortimer.
Ci-devant \Ci`-de*vant"\, a. [F., hitherto, formerly.]
Former; previous; of times gone by; as, a ci-devant governor.
Cierge \Cierge\, n. [F., fr. L. cera wax.]
A wax candle used in religous rites.
Cigar \Ci*gar"\, n. [Sp. cigarro, orig., a kind of tobacco in
the island of Cuba: cf. F. cigare.]
A small roll of tobacco, used for smoking.
{Cigar fish} (Zo["o]l.), a fish ({Decapterus punctatus}),
allied to the mackerel, found on the coast of the Gulf of
Mexico.
Cigarette \Cig`a*rette"\, n. [F. cigarette.]
A little cigar; a little fine tobacco rolled in paper for
smoking.
Cilia \Cil"i*a\, n. pl. {Cilium}, the sing., is rarely used. [L.
cilium eyelid.]
1. (Anat.) The eyelashes.
2. (Biol.) Small, generally microscopic, vibrating appendages
lining certain organs, as the air passages of the higher
animals, and in the lower animals often covering also the
whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on
some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many
larval forms, they are locomotive organs.
3. (Bot.) Hairlike processes, commonly marginal and forming a
fringe like the eyelash.
4. (Zo["o]l.) Small, vibratory, swimming organs, somewhat
resembling true cilia, as those of Ctenophora.
Ciliary \Cil"ia*ry\, a. [Cf. F. ciliaire.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the cilia, or eyelashes. Also
applied to special parts of the eye itself; as, the
ciliary processes of the choroid coat; the ciliary muscle,
etc.
2. (Biol.) Pertaining to or connected with the cilia in
animal or vegetable organisms; as, ciliary motion.
Ciliata \Cil`i*a"ta\, n. pl. [NL. See {Cilia}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the orders of Infusoria, characterized by having
cilia. In some species the cilia cover the body generally, in
others they form a band around the mouth.
Ciliate \Cil"i*ate\, Ciliated \Cil"i*a`ted\, a.
Provided with, or surrounded by, cilia; as, a ciliate leaf;
endowed with vibratory motion; as, the ciliated epithelium of
the windpipe.
Cilice \Cil"ice\, n. [F. See {Cilicious}.]
A kind of haircloth undergarment. --Southey.
Cilician \Ci*li"cian\, a.
Of or pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Cilicia.
Cilicious \Ci*li"cious\, a. [L. cilicium a covering, orig. made
of Cilician goat's hair, fr. Cilicious Cilician, fr. Cilicia,
a province of Asia Minor.]
Made, or consisting, of hair. [Obs.]
A Cilicious or sackcloth habit. --Sir T.
Browne.
Ciliform \Cil"i*form\, Ciliiform \Cil"i*i*form`\, a. [Cilium +
-form]
Having the form of cilia; very fine or slender.
Ciliograde \Cil"i*o*grade\, a. [Cilium + L. gradi to step: cf.
F. ciliograde.] (Zo["o]l.)
Moving by means of cilia, or cilialike organs; as, the
ciliograde Medus[ae].
Cilium \Cil"i*um\, n. [L., eyelid.]
See {Cilia}.
Cill \Cill\, n.
See {Sill}., n. a foundation.
Cillosis \Cil*lo"sis\, n. [NL., fr. L. cilium eyelid.] (Med.)
A spasmodic trembling of the upper eyelid.
Cima \Ci"ma\, n. (Arch.)
A kind of molding. See {Cyma}.
Cimar \Ci*mar"\, n.
See {Simar}.
Cimbal \Cim"bal\, n. [It. ciambella.]
A kind of confectionery or cake. [Obs.] --Nares.
Cimbia \Cim"bi*a\, n. (Arch.)
A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if to
strengthen it. [Written also {cimia}.]
Cimbrian \Cim"bri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Cimbri. -- n. One of the Cimbri. See
{Cimbric}.
Cimbric \Cim"bric\, a.
Pertaining to the Cimbri, an ancient tribe inhabiting
Northern Germany. -- n. The language of the Cimbri.
Cimeliarch \Ci*me"li*arch\, n. [L. cimeliarcha, Gr. ?,
treasurer.]
A superintendent or keeper of a church's valuables; a
churchwarden. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Cimeter \Cim"e*ter\, n.
See {Scimiter}.
Cimex \Ci"mex\, n.; pl. {Cimices}. [L., a bug.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of hemipterous insects of which the bedbug is the
best known example. See {Bedbug}.
Cimia \Cim"i*a\, n. (Arch.)
See {Cimbia}.
Cimiss \Ci"miss\, n. [L. cimex, -icis, a bug.] (Zo["o]l.)
The bedbug. [Obs.] --Wright.
Cimmerian \Cim*me"ri*an\, a. [L. Cimmerius.] [Written also
{Kimmerian}.]
1. Pertaining to the Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to
have lived, in very ancient times, in profound and
perpetual darkness.
2. Without any light; intensely dark.
In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell. --Milton.
Cimolite \Cim"o*lite\, n. [Gr. ? (sc. ?) Cimolian earth, fr. ?,
L. Cimolus, an island of the Cyclades.] (Min.)
A soft, earthy, clayey mineral, of whitish or grayish color.
Cinch \Cinch\, n. [Sp. cincha, fr. L. cingere to gird.]
1. A strong saddle girth, as of canvas. [West. U. S.]
2. A tight grip. [Colloq.]
Cinchona \Cin*cho"na\, n. [So named from the wife of Count
Chinchon, viceroy of Peru in the seventeenth century, who by
its use was freed from an intermittent fever, and after her
return to Spain, contributed to the general propagation of
this remedy.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in
Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the
East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.
2. (Med.) The bark of any species of {Cinchona} containing
three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids;
Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.
Cinchonaceous \Cin`cho*na"ceous\, a.
Allied or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that
produce it.
Cinchonic \Cin*chon"ic\, a.
Belonging to, or obtained from, cinchona. --Mayne.
Cinchonidine \Cin*chon"i*dine\, n. [From {Cinchona}.] (Chem.)
One of the quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in
red cinchona bark. It is a white crystalline substance,
{C19H22N2O}, with a bitter taste and qualities similar to,
but weaker than, quinine; -- sometimes called also
{cinchonidia}.
Cinchonine \Cin"cho*nine\, n. [From {Cinchona}: cf. F.
cinchonine.] (Chem.)
One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric with and
resembling cinchonidine; -- called also {cinchonia}.
Cinchonism \Cin"cho*nism\, n. [From {Cinchona}.] (Med.)
A condition produced by the excessive or long-continued use
of quinine, and marked by deafness, roaring in the ears,
vertigo, etc.
Cinchonize \Cin"cho*nize\, v. t.
To produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with
cinchona.
Cincinnati epoch \Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och\ (Geol.)
An epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system.
The rocks are well developed near Cincinnati, Ohio. The group
includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New York.
Cincture \Cinc"ture\, n. [L. cinctura, fr. cingere, cinctum, to
gird.]
1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body, -- as
by an ecclesiastic for confining the alb.
2. That which encompasses or incloses; an inclosure. ``Within
the cincture of one wall.'' --Bacon.
3. (Arch.) The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge
at the extremity of the shaft of a column.
Cinctured \Cinc"tured\, n.
Having or wearing a cincture or girdle.
Cinder \Cin"der\ (s[i^]n"d[~e]r), n. [AS. sinder slag, dross;
akin to Icel. sindr dross, Sw. sinder, G. sinter, D. sintel;
perh. influenced by F. cendre ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf.
{Sinter}.]
1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in
which fire is extinct.
2. A hot coal without flame; an ember. --Swift.
3. A scale thrown off in forging metal.
4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano.
{Cinder frame}, a framework of wire in front of the tubes of
a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders.
{Cinder notch} (Metal.), the opening in a blast furnace,
through which melted cinder flows out.
Cindery \Cin"der*y\, a.
Resembling, or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.
Cinefaction \Cin`e*fac"tion\, n. [LL. cinefactio: L. cinis ashes
+ facere to make: cf. F. cin['e]faction.]
Cineration; reduction to ashes. [Obs.]
Cinematic \Cin`e*mat"ic\, Cinematical \Cin`e*mat"ic*al\, a.
See {Kinematic}.
Cinematics \Cin`e*mat"ics\, n. sing.
See {Kinematics}.
Cineraceous \Cin`er*a"ceous\, a. [L. cineraceus, fr. cinis
ashes.]
Like ashes; ash-colored; cinereous.
Cineraria \Cin`e*ra"ri*a\, n. [NL., fr. LL. cinerarius pert. to
ashes, fr. cinis ashes. So called from the ash-colored down
on the leaves.] (Bot.)
A Linn[ae]an genus of free-flowering composite plants, mostly
from South Africa. Several species are cultivated for
ornament.
Cinerary \Cin"er*a*ry\, a. [L. cinerarius, fr. cinis ashes.]
Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes.
{Cinerary urns}, vessels used by the ancients to preserve the
ashes of the dead when burned.
Cineration \Cin`er*a"tion\, n. [L. cinis ashes: cf. F.
cin['e]ration.]
The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion; cinefaction.
Cinereous \Ci*ne"re*ous\, a. [L. cinereus, fr. cinis ashes.]
Like ashes; ash-colored; grayish.
Cinerescent \Cin`er*es"cent\, a.
Somewhat cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of
wood ashes.
Cineritious \Cin`er*i"tious\, a. [L. cineritius, cinericius, fr.
cinis ashes.]
Like ashes; having the color of ashes, -- as the cortical
substance of the brain.
Cinerulent \Ci*ner"u*lent\, a.
Full of ashes. [Obs.]
Cingalese \Cin`ga*lese"\, n. sing. & pl. [Cf. F. Cingalais.]
A native or natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive
inhabitants; also (sing.), the language of the Cingalese. --
a. Of or pertaining to the Cingalese. [Written also
{Singhalese}.]
Note: Ceylonese is applied to the inhabitants of the island
in general.
Cingle \Cin"gle\, n. [L. cingula, cingulum, fr. cingere to
gird.]
A girth. [R.] See {Surcingle}.
Cingulum \Cin"gu*lum\, n. [L., a girdle.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A distinct girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line
as seen on certain univalve shells.
(b) The clitellus of earthworms.
(c) The base of the crown of a tooth.
Cinnabar \Cin"na*bar\, n. [L. cinnabaris, Gr. ?; prob. of
Oriental origin; cf. Per. qinb[=a]r, Hind. shangarf.]
1. (Min.) Red sulphide of mercury, occurring in brilliant red
crystals, and also in red or brown amorphous masses. It is
used in medicine.
2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a pigment;
vermilion.
{Cinnabar Gr[ae]corum}. [L. Graecorum, gen. pl., of the
Greeks.] (Med.) Same as {Dragon's blood}.
{Green cinnabar}, a green pigment consisting of the oxides of
cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire.
{Hepatic cinnabar} (Min.), an impure cinnabar of a
liver-brown color and submetallic luster.
Cinnabarine \Cin"na*ba*rine\, a. [Cf. F. cinabarin.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, cinnabar; consisting of
cinnabar, or containing it; as, cinnabarine sand.
Cinnamene \Cin"na*mene\, n. [From {Cinnamic}.] (Chem.)
Styrene (which was formerly called cinnamene because obtained
from cinnamic acid). See {Styrene}.
Cinnamic \Cin*nam"ic\, a. [From {Cinnamon}.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, cinnamon.
{Cinnamic acid} (Chem.), a white, crystalline, odorless
substance. {C6H5.C2H2C2H2.CO2H}, formerly obtained from
storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene
derivatives in large quantities, and used for the
artificial production of indigo.
Cinnamomic \Cin`na*mom"ic\, a. [L. cinnamomum cinnamon.] (Chem.)
See {Cinnamic}.
Cinnamon \Cin"na*mon\, n. [Heb. qinn[=a]m[=o]n; cf. Gr. ?, ?,
cinnamomum, cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to have been
borrowed from some other language; cf. Malay k[=a]j[=u]
m[=a]nis sweet wood.]
(a) The inner bark of the shoots of {Cinnamomum Zeylanicum},
a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a moderately
pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial,
carminative, and restorative spices.
(b) Cassia.
{Cinnamon stone} (Min.), a variety of garnet, of a cinnamon
or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in jewelry.
{Oil of cinnamon}, a colorless aromatic oil obtained from
cinnamon and cassia, and consisting essentially of
cinnamic aldehyde, {C6H5.C2H2.CHO}.
{Wild cinnamon}. See {Canella}.
Cinnamone \Cin"na*mone\, n. [Cinnamic + -one.]
A yellow crystalline substance, {(C6H5.C2H2)2CO}, the ketone
of cinnamic acid.
Cinnamyl \Cin"na*myl\, n. [Cinnamic + -yl.] (Chem.)
The hypothetical radical, {(C6H5.C2H2)2C}, of cinnamic
compounds. [Formerly written also {cinnamule}.]
Cinnoline \Cin"no*line\, n. [Cinnamic + quinoline.]
A nitrogenous organic base, {C8H6N2}, analogous to quinoline,
obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.
Cinque \Cinque\, n. [F. cinq, fr. L. quinque five. See {Five}.]
Five; the number five in dice or cards.
Cinquecento \Cin`que*cen"to\, n. & a. [It., five hundred,
abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The Cinquecento style was so
called because it arose after the year 1500.]
The sixteenth century, when applied to Italian art or
literature; as, the sculpture of the Cinquecento; Cinquecento
style.
Cinquefoil \Cinque"foil`\, n. [Cinque five + foil, F. feuille
leaf. See {Foil}.]
1. (Bot.) The name of several different species of the genus
{Potentilla}; -- also called {five-finger}, because of the
resemblance of its leaves to the fingers of the hand.
2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation having five points or
cups, used in windows, panels, etc. --Gwilt.
{Marsh cinquefoil}, the {Potentilla palustris}, a plant with
purple flowers which grows in fresh-water marshes.
Cinque-pace \Cinque"-pace`\, n. [Cinque + pace.]
A lively dance (called also {galliard}), the steps of which
were regulated by the number five. [Obs.] --Nares. Shak.
Cinque Ports \Cinque" Ports`\ [Cinque + port.] (Eng. Hist.)
Five English ports, to which peculiar privileges were
anciently accorded; -- viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover,
and Sandwich; afterwards increased by the addition of
Winchelsea, Rye, and some minor places.
{Baron of the Cinque Ports}. See under {Baron}.
Cinque-spotted \Cinque"-spot`ted\, a.
Five-spotted. [R.] --Shak.
Cinter \Cin"ter\, n. [F. cintre.] (Arch.)
See {Center}.
Cinura \Ci*nu"ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? To move + ? tail.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The group of Thysanura which includes Lepisma and allied
forms; the bristletails. See {Bristletail}, and {Lepisma}.
Cion \Ci"on\, n. [OF. cion. See {Scion}.]
See {Scion}.
The cion overruleth the stock; and the stock is but
passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to the
graft. --Bacon.
Cipher \Ci"pher\, n. [OF. cifre zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf. Sp.
cifra, LL. cifra), fr. Ar. [,c]ifrun, [,c]afrun, empty,
cipher, zero, fr. [,c]afira to be empty. Cf. {Zero}.]
1. (Arith.) A character [0] which, standing by itself,
expresses nothing, but when placed at the right hand of a
whole number, increases its value tenfold.
2. One who, or that which, has no weight or influence.
Here he was a mere cipher. --W. Irving.
3. A character in general, as a figure or letter. [Obs.]
This wisdom began to be written in ciphers and
characters and letters bearing the forms of
creatures. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
4. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials
of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher,
an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials
N. W.
5. A private alphabet, system of characters, or other mode of
writing, contrived for the safe transmission of secrets;
also, a writing in such characters.
His father . . . engaged him when he was very young
to write all his letters to England in cipher. --Bp.
Burnet.
{Cipher key}, a key to assist in reading writings in cipher.
Cipher \Ci"pher\, a.
Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence.
``Twelve cipher bishops.'' --Milton.
Cipher \Ci"pher\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ciphered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Ciphering}.]
To use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in
arithmetic.
``T was certain he could write and cipher too.
--Goldsmith.
Cipher \Ci"pher\, v. t.
1. To write in occult characters.
His notes he ciphered with Greek characters.
--Hayward.
2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.
3. To decipher. [Obs.] --Shak.
4. To designate by characters. [Obs.] --Shak.
Cipherer \Ci"pher*er\, n.
One who ciphers.
Cipherhood \Ci"pher*hood\, n.
Nothingness. [R.] --Goodwin.
Cipolin \Cip"o*lin\, n. [It. cippollino, prop., a little onion,
fr. cipolla onion (cf. E. cibol). So called because its veins
consist, like onions, of different strata, one lying upon
another.] (Min.)
A whitish marble, from Rome, containiing pale greenish zones.
It consists of calcium carbonate, with zones and cloudings of
talc.
Cippus \Cip"pus\, n.; pl. {Cippi}. [L., stake, post.]
A small, low pillar, square or round, commonly having an
inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes, as
for indicating the distances of places, for a landmark, for
sepulchral inscriptions, etc. --Gwilt.
Circ \Circ\, n. [See {Circus}.]
An amphitheatrical circle for sports; a circus. [R.] --T.
Warton.
Circar \Cir*car"\, n. [See {Sircar}.]
A district, or part of a province. See {Sircar}. [India]
Circassian \Cir*cas"sian\, a.
Of or pertaining to Circassia, in Asia. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Circassia.
Circean \Cir*ce"an\, a. [L. Circaeus.]
Having the characteristics of Circe, daughter of Sol and
Perseis, a mythological enchantress, who first charmed her
victims and then changed them to the forms of beasts;
pleasing, but noxious; as, a Circean draught.
Circensial \Cir*cen"sial\, Circensian \Cir*cen"sian\, a. [L.
Circensis, ludi Circenses, the games in the Circus Maximus.]
Of or pertaining to, or held in, the Circus, In Rome.
The pleasure of the Circensian shows. --Holyday.
Circinal \Cir"ci*nal\, a. [Gr. ? a circle.] (Bot.)
Circinate.
Circinate \Cir"ci*nate\, a. [L. circinatus, p. p. of circinare
to make round, fr. circinus a pair of compasses, from Gr. ? a
circle.] (Bot.)
Rolled together downward, the tip occupying the center; -- a
term used in reference to foliation or leafing, as in ferns.
--Gray.
Circinate \Cir"ci*nate\, v. t.
To make a circle around; to encompass. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Circination \Cir`ci*na"tion\, n. [L. circinatio circle.]
1. An orbicular motion. [Obs.] --bailey.
2. A circle; a concentric layer. [Obs.] ``The circinations
and spherical rounds of onions.'' --Sir T. Browne.
Circle \Cir"cle\ (s[~e]r"k'l), n. [OE. cercle, F. cercle, fr. L.
circulus (Whence also AS. circul), dim. of circus circle,
akin to Gr. kri`kos, ki`rkos, circle, ring. Cf. {Circus},
{Circum-}.]
1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line called its
circumference, every part of which is equally distant from
a point within it, called the center.
2. The line that bounds such a figure; a circumference; a
ring.
3. (Astron.) An instrument of observation, the graduated limb
of which consists of an entire circle.
Note: When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is
called a {mural circle}; when mounted with a telescope
on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a
{meridian or transit circle}; when involving the
principle of reflection, like the sextant, a
{reflecting circle}; and when that of repeating an
angle several times continuously along the graduated
limb, a {repeating circle}.
4. A round body; a sphere; an orb.
It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth.
--Is. xi. 22.
5. Compass; circuit; inclosure.
In the circle of this forest. --Shak.
6. A company assembled, or conceived to assemble, about a
central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a
class or division of society; a coterie; a set.
As his name gradually became known, the circle of
his acquaintance widened. --Macaulay.
7. A circular group of persons; a ring.
8. A series ending where it begins, and repeating itself.
Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain. --Dryden.
9. (Logic) A form of argument in which two or more unproved
statements are used to prove each other; inconclusive
reasoning.
That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again,
that gravity is a quality whereby a heavy body
descends, is an impertinent circle and teaches
nothing. --Glanvill.
10. Indirect form of words; circumlocution. [R.]
Has he given the lie, In circle, or oblique, or
semicircle. --J. Fletcher.
11. A territorial division or district.
Note:
{The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire}, ten in number, were
those principalities or provinces which had seats in the
German Diet.
{Azimuth circle}. See under {Azimuth}.
{Circle of altitude} (Astron.), a circle parallel to the
horizon, having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar.
{Circle of curvature}. See {Osculating circle of a curve}
(Below).
{Circle of declination}. See under {Declination}.
{Circle of latitude}.
(a) (Astron.) A great circle perpendicular to the plane
of the ecliptic, passing through its poles.
(b) (Spherical Projection) A small circle of the sphere
whose plane is perpendicular to the axis.
{Circles of longitude}, lesser circles parallel to the
ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it.
{Circle of perpetual apparition}, at any given place, the
boundary of that space around the elevated pole, within
which the stars never set. Its distance from the pole is
equal to the latitude of the place.
{Circle of perpetual occultation}, at any given place, the
boundary of the space around the depressed pole, within
which the stars never rise.
{Circle of the sphere}, a circle upon the surface of the
sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes
through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a
small circle.
{Diurnal circle}. See under {Diurnal}.
{Dress circle}, a gallery in a theater, generally the one
containing the prominent and more expensive seats.
{Druidical circles} (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for certain
ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly
arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury.
{Family circle}, a gallery in a theater, usually one
containing inexpensive seats.
{Horary circles} (Dialing), the lines on dials which show the
hours.
{Osculating circle of a curve} (Geom.), the circle which
touches the curve at some point in the curve, and close to
the point more nearly coincides with the curve than any
other circle. This circle is used as a measure of the
curvature of the curve at the point, and hence is called
circle of curvature.
{Pitch circle}. See under {Pitch}.
{Vertical circle}, an azimuth circle.
{Voltaic} {circle or circuit}. See under {Circuit}.
{To square the circle}. See under {Square}.
Syn: Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.
Circle \Cir"cle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Circled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Circling}.] [OE. cerclen, F. cercler, fr. L. circulare to
make round. See {Circle}, n., and cf. {Circulate}.]
1. To move around; to revolve around.
Other planets circle other suns. --Pope.
2. To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to inclose; to
encircle. --Prior. Pope.
Their heads are circled with a short turban.
--Dampier.
So he lies, circled with evil. --Coleridge.
{To circle in}, to confine; to hem in; to keep together; as,
to circle bodies in. --Sir K. Digby.
Circle \Cir"cle\, v. i.
To move circularly; to form a circle; to circulate.
Thy name shall circle round the gaping through.
--Byron.
Circled \Cir"cled\, a.
Having the form of a circle; round. ``Monthly changes in her
circled orb.'' --Shak.
Circler \Cir"cler\, n.
A mean or inferior poet, perhaps from his habit of wandering
around as a stroller; an itinerant poet. Also, a name given
to the cyclic poets. See under {Cyclic}, a. [Obs.] --B.
Jonson.
Circlet \Cir"clet\, n.
1. A little circle; esp., an ornament for the person, having
the form of a circle; that which encircles, as a ring, a
bracelet, or a headband.
Her fair locks in circlet be enrolled. --Spenser.
2. A round body; an orb. --Pope.
Fairest of stars . . . that crown'st the smiling
morn With thy bright circlet. --Milton.
3. A circular piece of wood put under a dish at table. [Prov.
Eng.] --Halliwell.
Circocele \Cir"co*cele\, n.
See {Cirsocele}.
Circuit \Cir"cuit\, n. [F. circuit, fr. L. circuitus, fr.
circuire or circumire to go around; circum around + ire to
go.]
1. The act of moving or revolving around, or as in a circle
or orbit; a revolution; as, the periodical circuit of the
earth round the sun. --Watts.
2. The circumference of, or distance round, any space; the
measure of a line round an area.
The circuit or compass of Ireland is 1,800 miles.
--J. Stow.
3. That which encircles anything, as a ring or crown.
The golden circuit on my head. --Shak.
4. The space inclosed within a circle, or within limits.
A circuit wide inclosed with goodliest trees.
--Milton.
5. A regular or appointed journeying from place to place in
the exercise of one's calling, as of a judge, or a
preacher.
6.
(a) (Law) A certain division of a state or country,
established by law for a judge or judges to visit, for
the administration of justice. --Bouvier.
(b) (Methodist Church) A district in which an itinerant
preacher labors.
7. Circumlocution. [Obs.] ``Thou hast used no circuit of
words.'' --Huloet.
{Circuit court} (Law), a court which sits successively in
different places in its circuit (see {Circuit}, 6). In the
United States, the federal circuit courts are commonly
presided over by a judge of the supreme court, or a
special circuit judge, together with the judge of the
district court. They have jurisdiction within statutory
limits, both in law and equity, in matters of federal
cognizance. Some of the individual States also have
circuit courts, which have general statutory jurisdiction
of the same class, in matters of State cognizance.
{Circuit or Circuity} {of action} (Law), a longer course of
proceedings than is necessary to attain the object in
view.
{To make a circuit}, to go around; to go a roundabout way.
{Voltaic or Galvanic} {circuit or circle}, a continous
electrical communication between the two poles of a
battery; an arrangement of voltaic elements or couples
with proper conductors, by which a continuous current of
electricity is established.
Circuit \Cir"cuit\, v. i.
To move in a circle; to go round; to circulate. [Obs.] --J.
Philips.
Circuit \Cir"cuit\, v. t.
To travel around. [Obs.] ``Having circuited the air.'' --T.
Warton.
Circuiteer \Cir`cuit*eer"\, n.
A circuiter. --Pope.
Circuiter \Cir"cuit*er\, n.
One who travels a circuit, as a circuit judge. [R.] --R.
Whitlock.
Circuition \Cir`cu*i"tion\, n. [L. circuitio. See {Circuit}.]
The act of going round; circumlocution. [R.]
Circuitous \Cir*cu"i*tous\, a. [LL. circuitosus.]
Going round in a circuit; roundabout; indirect; as, a
circuitous road; a circuitous manner of accomplishing an end.
-- {Cir*cu"i*tous*ly}, adv. -- {Cir*cu"i*tous*ness}, n.
Syn: Tortuous; winding; sinuous; serpentine.
Circuity \Cir*cu"i*ty\, n.
A going round in a circle; a course not direct; a roundabout
way of proceeding.
Circulable \Cir"cu*la*ble\, a.
That may be circulated.
Circular \Cir"cu*lar\, a. [L. circularis, fr. circulus circle:
cf. F. circulaire. See {Circle}.]
1. In the form of, or bounded by, a circle; round.
2. repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to the point
of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; as, circular
reasoning.
3. Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence,
mean; inferior. See {Cyclic poets}, under {Cyclic}.
Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely adhered
to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?
--Dennis.
4. Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a
common interest; circulated, or intended for circulation;
as, a circular letter.
A proclamation of Henry III., . . . doubtless
circular throughout England. --Hallam.
5. Perfect; complete. [Obs.]
A man so absolute and circular In all those
wished-for rarities that may take A virgin captive.
--Massinger.
{Circular are}, any portion of the circumference of a circle.
{Circular cubics} (Math.), curves of the third order which
are imagined to pass through the two circular points at
infinity.
{Circular functions}. (Math.) See under {Function}.
{Circular instruments}, mathematical instruments employed for
measuring angles, in which the graduation extends round
the whole circumference of a circle, or 360[deg].
{Circular lines}, straight lines pertaining to the circle, as
sines, tangents, secants, etc.
{Circular} {note or letter}.
(a) (Com.) See under {Credit}.
(b) (Diplomacy) A letter addressed in identical terms to a
number of persons.
{Circular numbers} (Arith.), those whose powers terminate in
the same digits as the roots themselves; as 5 and 6, whose
squares are 25 and 36. --Bailey. --Barlow.
{Circular points at infinity} (Geom.), two imaginary points
at infinite distance through which every circle in the
plane is, in the theory of curves, imagined to pass.
{Circular polarization}. (Min.) See under {Polarization}.
{Circular or Globular} {sailing} (Naut.), the method of
sailing by the arc of a great circle.
{Circular saw}. See under {Saw}.
Circular \Cir"cu*lar\, n. [Cf. (for sense 1) F. circulaire,
lettre circulaire. See {Circular}, a.]
1. A circular letter, or paper, usually printed, copies of
which are addressed or given to various persons; as, a
business circular.
2. A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.
Circularity \Cir`cu*lar"i*ty\, n. [LL. circularitas.]
The quality or state of being circular; a circular form.
Circularly \Cir"cu*lar*ly\, adv.
In a circular manner.
Circulary \Cir"cu*la*ry\, a.
Circular; illogical. [Obs. & .] ``Cross and circulary
speeches.'' --Hooker.
Circulate \Cir"cu*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ciorculated}; P.
pr. & vb. n. {Circulating}.] [L. circulatus, p. p. of
circulare, v. t., to surround, make round, circulari, v. i.,
to gather into a circle. See {Circle}.]
1. To move in a circle or circuitously; to move round and
return to the same point; as, the blood circulates in the
body. --Boyle.
2. To pass from place to place, from person to person, or
from hand to hand; to be diffused; as, money circulates; a
story circulates.
{Circulating decimal}. See {Decimal}.
{Circulating library}, a library whose books are loaned to
the public, usually at certain fixed rates.
{Circulating medium}. See {Medium}.
Circulate \Cir"cu*late\, v. t.
To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to
person; to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate
bills of credit.
{Circulating pump}. See under {Pump}.
Syn: To spread; diffuse; propagate; disseminate.
Circulation \Cir`cu*la"tion\, n. [L. circulatio: cf. F.
circulation.]
1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings
the moving body to the place where its motion began.
This continual circulation of human things. --Swift.
2. The act of passing from place to place or person to
person; free diffusion; transmission.
The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had
some popular circulation. --Whewell.
3. Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc., current
for coin.
4. The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated;
the measure of diffusion; as, the circulation of a
newspaper.
5. (Physiol.) The movement of the blood in the blood-vascular
system, by which it is brought into close relations with
almost every living elementary constituent. Also, the
movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants.
Circulative \Cir"cu*la*tive\, a.
Promoting circulation; circulating. [R.] --Coleridge.
Circulator \Cir"cu*la`tor\, n. [Cf. L. circulator a peddler.]
One who, or that which, circulates.
Circulatorious \Cir`cu*la*to"ri*ous\, a.
Travelling from house to house or from town to town;
itinerant. [Obs.] ``Circulatorious jugglers.'' --Barrow.
Circulatory \Cir"cu*la*to*ry\, a. [L. circulatorius pert. to a
mountebank: cf. F. circulatoire.]
1. Circular; as, a circulatory letter. --Johnson.
2. Circulating, or going round. --T. Warton.
3. (Anat.) Subserving the purposes of circulation; as,
circulatory organs; of or pertaining to the organs of
circulation; as, circulatory diseases.
Circulatory \Cir"cu*la*to*ry\, n.
A chemical vessel consisting of two portions unequally
exposed to the heat of the fire, and with connecting pipes or
passages, through which the fluid rises from the overheated
portion, and descends from the relatively colder, maintaining
a circulation.
Circulet \Cir"cu*let\, n.
A circlet. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Circuline \Cir"cu*line\, a.
Proceeding in a circle; circular. [Obs.] ``With motion
circuline''. --Dr. H. More.
Circum- \Cir"cum-\ [Akin to circle, circus.]
A Latin preposition, used as a prefix in many English words,
and signifying around or about.
Circumagitate \Cir`cum*ag"i*tate\, v. t. [Pref. circum +
agitate.]
To agitate on all sides. --Jer. Taylor.
Circumambage \Cir`cum*am"bage\, n. [Pref. circum- + ambage, obs.
sing. of ambages.]
A roundabout or indirect course; indirectness. [Obs.] --S.
Richardson.
Circumambiency \Cir`cum*am"bi*en*cy\, n.
The act of surrounding or encompassing. --Sir T. Browne.
Circumambient \Cir`cum*am"bi*ent\, a. [Pref. circum- + ambient.]
Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides; encompassing.
``The circumambient heaven.'' --J. Armstrong.
Circumambulate \Cir`cum*am"bu*late\, v. t. [L. circumambulatus,
p. p. of circumambulare to walk around; circum + ambulare.
See {Ambulate}.]
To walk round about. -- {Cir`cum*am`bu*la"tion}, n.
Circumbendibus \Cir`cum*bend"i*bus\, n.
A roundabout or indirect way. [Jocular] --Goldsmith.
Circumcenter \Cir`cum*cen"ter\, n. (Geom.)
The center of a circle that circumscribes a triangle.
Circumcise \Cir"cum*cise\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Circumcised}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Circumcising}.] [L. circumcisus, p. p. of
circumcidere to cut around, to circumcise; circum + caedere
to cut; akin to E. c[ae]sura, homicide, concise, and prob. to
shed, v. t.]
1. To cut off the prepuce of foreskin of, in the case of
males, and the internal labia of, in the case of females.
2. (Script.) To purify spiritually.
Circumciser \Cir"cum*ci`ser\, n.
One who performs circumcision. --Milton.
Circumcision \Cir`cum*cision\, n. [L. circumcisio.]
1. The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin of males,
or the internal labia of females.
Note: The circumcision of males is practiced as a religious
rite by the Jews, Mohammedans, etc.
2. (Script.)
(a) The Jews, as a circumcised people.
(b) Rejection of the sins of the flesh; spiritual
purification, and acceptance of the Christian faith.
Circumclusion \Cir`cum*clu"sion\, n. [L. circumcludere, -clusum,
to inclose.]
Act of inclosing on all sides. [R.]
Circumcursation \Cir`cum*cur*sa"tion\, n. [L. circumcursare,
-satum, to run round about.]
The act of running about; also, rambling language. [Obs.]
--Barrow.
Circumdenudation \Cir`cum*den`u*da"tion\, n. [Pref. circum- +
denudation.] (Geol.)
Denudation around or in the neighborhood of an object.
{Hills of circumdenudation}, hills which have been produced
by surface erosion; the elevations which have been left,
after denudation of a mass of high ground. --Jukes.
Circumduce \Cir`cum*duce"\, v. t. [See {Circumduct}.] (Scots
Law)
To declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing
evidence. --Sir W. Scott.
Circumduct \Cir`cum*duct"\, v. t. [L. circumductus, p. p. of
circumducere to lead around; circum + ducere to lead.]
1. To lead about; to lead astray. [R.]
2. (Law) To contravene; to nullify; as, to circumduct acts of
judicature. [Obs.] --Ayliffe.
Circumduction \Cir`cum*duc"tion\, n. [L. circumductio.]
1. A leading about; circumlocution. [R.] --Hooker.
2. An annulling; cancellation. [R.] --Ayliffe.
3. (Phisiol.) The rotation of a limb round an imaginary axis,
so as to describe a concial surface.
Circumesophagal \Cir`cum*e*soph"a*gal\, a. [Pref. circum +
esophagal.] (Anat.)
Surrounding the esophagus; -- in Zool. said of the nerve
commissures and ganglia of arthropods and mollusks.
Circumesophageal \Cir`cum*e`so*phag"e*al\, a. (Anat.)
Circumesophagal.
Circumfer \Cir"cum*fer\, v. t. [L. circumferre; circum + ferre
to bear. See lst {Bear}.]
To bear or carry round. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Circumference \Cir*cum"fer*ence\, n. [L. circumferentia.]
1. The line that goes round or encompasses a circular figure;
a periphery. --Millon.
2. A circle; anything circular.
His ponderous shield . . . Behind him cast. The
broad circumference Hung on his shoulders like the
moon. --Milton.
3. The external surface of a sphere, or of any orbicular
body.
Circumference \Cir*cum"fer*ence\, v. t.
To include in a circular space; to bound. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Circumferential \Cir*cum`fer*en"tial\, a. [LL.
circumferentialis.]
Pertaining to the circumference; encompassing; encircling;
circuitous. --Parkhurst.
Circumferentially \Cir*cum`fer*en"tial*ly\, adv.
So as to surround or encircle.
Circumferentor \Cir*cum`fer*en"tor\, n. [See {Circumfer}.]
1. A surveying instrument, for taking horizontal angles and
bearings; a surveyor's compass. It consists of a compass
whose needle plays over a circle graduated to 360[deg],
and of a horizontal brass bar at the ends of which are
standards with narrow slits for sighting, supported on a
tripod by a ball and socket joint.
2. A graduated wheel for measuring tires; a tire circle.
Circumflant \Cir"cum*flant\, a. [L. circumflans, p. pr. of
circumflare.]
Blowing around. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
Circumflect \Cir"cum*flect\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Circumflected}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Circumflecting}.] [L.
circumflectere. See {Circumflex}.]
1. To bend around.
2. To mark with the circumflex accent, as a vowel. [R.]
Circumflection \Cir`cum*flec"tion\, n.
See {Circumflexion}.
Circumflex \Cir"cum*flex\, n. [L. circumflexus a bending round,
fr. circumflectere, circumflexum, to bend or turn about;
circum + flectere to bend. See {Flexible}.]
1. A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and fall or a
fall and a rise on the same a syllable. --Walker.
2. A character, or accent, denoting in Greek a rise and of
the voice on the same long syllable, marked thus [~ or ?];
and in Latin and some other languages, denoting a long and
contracted syllable, marked [? or ^]. See {Accent}, n., 2.
Circumflex \Cir"cum*flex\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Circumflexed};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Circumflexing}.]
To mark or pronounce with a circumflex. --Walker.
Circumflex \Cir"cum*flex\, a. [Cf. L. circumflexus, p. p.]
1. Moving or turning round; circuitous. [R.] --Swift.
2. (Anat.) Curved circularly; -- applied to several arteries
of the hip and thigh, to arteries, veins, and a nerve of
the shoulder, and to other parts.
Circumflexion \Cir`cum*flex"ion\, n.
1. The act of bending, or causing to assume a curved form.
2. A winding about; a turning; a circuity; a fold.
Circumfluence \Cir*cum"flu*ence\, n.
A flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.
Circumfluent \Cir*cum"flu*ent\, Circumfluous \Cir*cum"flu*ous\,
a. [L. circumfluere, p. pr. of circumfluere; circum + fluere
to flow; also L. circumfluus.]
Flowing round; surrounding in the manner of a fluid. ``The
deep, circumfluent waves.'' --Pope.
Circumforanean \Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*an\, Circumforaneous
\Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*ous\, a. [L. circumforaneus found in markets;
circum + forum a market place.]
Going about or abroad; walking or wandering from house to
house. --Addison.
Circumfulgent \Cir`cum*ful"gent\, a. [Pref. circum- + fulgent.]
Shining around or about.
Circumfuse \Cir`cum*fuse"\, v. t. [L. circumfusus, p. p. of
circumfundere to pour around; circum + fundere to pour.]
To pour round; to spread round.
His army circumfused on either wing. --Milton.
Circumfusile \Cir`cum*fu"sile\, a. [Pref. circum- + L. fusilis
fusil, a.]
Capable of being poured or spread round. ``Circumfusile
gold.'' --Pope.
Circumfusion \Cir`cum*fu"sion\, n. [L. circumfusio.]
The act of pouring or spreading round; the state of being
spread round. --Swift.
Circumgestation \Cir`cum*ges*ta"tion\, n. [L. circumgestare to
carry around; circum + gestare to carry.]
The act or process of carrying about. [Obs.]
Circumgestation of the eucharist to be adored. --Jer.
Taylor.
Circumgyrate \Cir`cum*gy"rate\, v. t. & i. [Pref. circum- +
gyrate.]
To roll or turn round; to cause to perform a rotary or
circular motion. --Ray.
Circumgyration \Cir`cum*gy*ra"tion\, n.
The act of turning, rolling, or whirling round.
A certain turbulent and irregular circumgyration.
--Holland.
Circumgyratory \Cir`cum*gy"ra*to*ry\, a.
Moving in a circle; turning round. --Hawthorne.
Circumgyre \Cir`cum*gyre"\, v. i.
To circumgyrate. [Obs.]
Circumincession \Cir`cum*in*ces"sion\, n. [Pref. circum- + L.
incedere, incessum, to walk.] (Theol.)
The reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons
of the Trinity.
Circumjacence \Cir`cum*ja"cence\, n.
Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering on every
side.
Circumjacent \Cir`cum*ja"cent\, a. [L. circumjacens, p. pr. of
circumjacere; circum + jac[=e]re to lie.]
Lying round; bordering on every side. --T. Fuller.
Circumjovial \Cir`cum*jo"vi*al\, n. [Pref. circum- + L. Jupiter,
gen. Jovis, Jove.]
One of the moons or satellites of the planet Jupiter. [Obs.]
--Derham.
Circumlittoral \Cir`cum*lit"to*ral\, a. [Pref. circum- + L.
littus, littoris, shore; preferable form, litus, litoris.]
Adjointing the shore.
Circumlocution \Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion\, n. [L. circumlocutio, fr.
circumloqui, -locutus, to make use of circumlocution; circum
+ loqui to speak. See {Loquacious}.]
The use of many words to express an idea that might be
expressed by few; indirect or roundabout language; a
periphrase.
the plain Billingsgate way of calling names . . . would
save abundance of time lost by circumlocution. --Swift.
{Circumlocution office}, a term of ridicule for a
governmental office where business is delayed by passing
through the hands of different officials.
Circumlocutional \Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion*al\, a.
Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions; periphrastic;
circuitous.
Circumlocutory \Cir`cum*loc"u*to*ry\, a.
Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic. --Shenstone.
The officials set to work in regular circumlocutory
order. --Chambers's
Journal.
Circummeridian \Cir`cum*me*rid"i*an\, a. [Pref. circum- +
meridian.]
About, or near, the meridian.
Circummure \Cir`cum*mure"\, v. t. [Pref. circum- + mure, v. t.]
To encompass with a wall. --Shak.
Circumnavigable \Cir`cum*nav"i*ga*ble\, a.
Capable of being sailed round. --Ray.
Circumnavigate \Cir`cum*nav"i*gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Circumnavigated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Circumnavigating}.] [L.
circumnavigatus, p. p. of circumnavigare to sail round;
circum + navigare to navigate.]
To sail completely round.
Having circumnavigated the whole earth. --T. Fuller.
Circumnavigation \Cir`cum*nav`i*ga"tion\, n.
The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round. --Arbuthnot.
Circumnavigator \Cir`cum*nav"iga`tor\, n.
One who sails round. --W. Guthrie.
Circumnutate \Cir`cum*nu"tate\, v. i. [Pref. circum- + nutate.]
To pass through the stages of circumnutation.
Circumnutation \Cir`cum*nu*ta"tion\, n. (Bot.)
The successive bowing or bending in different directions of
the growing tip of the stems of many plants, especially seen
in climbing plants.
Circumpolar \Cir`cum*po"lar\, a. [Pref. circum- + polar.]
About the pole; -- applied to stars that revolve around the
pole without setting; as, circumpolar stars.
Circumposition \Cir`cum*po*si"tion\, n. [L. circumpositio, fr.
circumponere, - positium, to place around.]
The act of placing in a circle, or round about, or the state
of being so placed. --Evelyn.
Circumrotary \Cir`cum*ro"tary\, Circumrotatory
\Cir`cum*ro"ta*to*ry\, a. [Pref. circum- + rotary, rotatory.]
turning, rolling, or whirling round.
Circumrotate \Cir`cum*ro"tate\, v. t. & i. [L. circumrotare;
circum + rotare to turn round.]
To rotate about. [R.]
Circumrotation \Cir`cum*ro*ta"tion\, n.
The act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel;
circumvolution; the state of being whirled round. --J.
Gregory.
Circumscissile \Cir`cum*scis"sile\, a. [Pref. circum- +
scissle.] (Bot.)
Dehiscing or opening by a transverse fissure extending around
(a capsule or pod). See Illust. of {Pyxidium}.
Circumscribable \Cir`cum*scrib"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being circumscribed.
Circumscribe \Cir`cum*scribe"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Circumscribed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Circumscribing}.] [L.
circumscribere, -scriptum; circum + scribere to write, draw.
See {Soribe}.]
1. to write or engrave around. [R.]
Thereon is circumscribed this epitaph. --Ashmole.
2. To inclose within a certain limit; to hem in; to surround;
to bound; to confine; to restrain.
To circumscribe royal power. --Bancroft.
3. (Geom.) To draw a line around so as to touch at certain
points without cutting. See {Inscribe}, 5.
Syn: To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge; restrain;
environ; encircle; inclose; encompass.
Circumscriber \Cir`cum*scrib"er\, n.
One who, or that which, circumscribes.
Circumscriptible \Cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble\, a.
Capable of being circumscribed or limited by bounds.
Circumscription \Cir`cum*scrip"tion\, n. [L. circumscriptio. See
{Circumscribe}.]
1. An inscription written around anything. [R.] --Ashmole.
2. The exterior line which determines the form or magnitude
of a body; outline; periphery. --Ray.
3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited, by
conditions or restraints; bound; confinement; limit.
The circumscriptions of terrestrial nature.
--Johnson.
I would not my unhoused, free condition Put into
circumscription and confine. --Shak.
Circumscriptive \Cir`cum*scrip"tive\, a.
Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the limits
or form of.
Circumscriptively \Cir`cum*scrip"tive*ly\, adv.
In a limited manner.
Circumscriptly \Cir"cum*script`ly\, adv.
In a literal, limited, or narrow manner. [R.] --Milton.
Circumspect \Cir"cum*spect\, a. [L. circumspectus, p. p. of
circumspicere to look about one's self, to observe; circum +
spicere, specere, to look. See {Spy}.]
Attentive to all the circumstances of a case or the probable
consequences of an action; cautious; prudent; wary.
Syn: See {Cautious}.
Circumspection \Cir`cum*spec"tion\, n. [L. circumspectio.]
Attention to all the facts and circumstances of a case;
caution; watchfulness.
With silent circumspection, unespied. --Milton.
Syn: Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation;
thoughtfulness; wariness; forecast.
Circumspective \Cir`cum*spec"tive\
(s[~e]r`k[u^]m*sp[e^]k"t[i^]v), a.
Looking around every way; cautious; careful of consequences;
watchful of danger. ``Circumspective eyes.'' --Pope.
Circumspectively \Cir`cum*spec"tive*ly\, adv.
Circumspectly.
Circumspectly \Cir"cum*spect"ly\ (-sp[e^]kt"l>ycr/), adv.
In a circumspect manner; cautiously; warily.
Circumspectness \Cir"cum*spect"ness\, n.
Vigilance in guarding against evil from every quarter;
caution.
[Travel] forces circumspectness on those abroad, who at
home are nursed in security. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Circumstance \Cir"cum*stance\, n. [L. circumstantia, fr.
circumstans, -antis, p. pr. of circumstare to stand around;
circum + stare to stand. See {Stand}.]
1. That which attends, or relates to, or in some way affects,
a fact or event; an attendant thing or state of things.
The circumstances are well known in the country
where they happened. --W. Irving.
2. An event; a fact; a particular incident.
The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqueror
weeping for new worlds, or the like circumstances in
history. --Addison.
3. Circumlocution; detail. [Obs.]
So without more circumstance at all I hold it fit
that we shake hands and part. --Shak.
4. pl. Condition in regard to worldly estate; state of
property; situation; surroundings.
When men are easy in their circumstances, they are
naturally enemies to innovations. --Addison.
{Not a circumstance}, of no account. [Colloq.]
{Under the circumstances}, taking all things into
consideration.
Syn: Event; occurrence; incident; situation; condition;
position; fact; detail; item. See {Event}.
Circumstance \Cir"cum*stance\, v. t.
To place in a particular situation; to supply relative
incidents.
The poet took the matters of fact as they came down to
him and circumstanced them, after his own manner.
--Addison.
Circumstanced \Cir"cum*stanced\, p. a.
1. Placed in a particular position or condition; situated.
The proposition is, that two bodies so circumstanced
will balance each other. --Whewell.
2. Governed by events or circumstances. [Poetic & R.] ``I
must be circumstanced.'' --Shak.
Circumstant \Cir"cum*stant\, a. [L. circumstans. See
{Circumstance}.]
Standing or placed around; surrounding. [R.] ``Circumstant
bodies.'' --Sir K. Digby.
Circumstantiable \Cir`cum*stan"tia*ble\, a.
Capable of being circumstantiated. [Obs.] --Jer Taylor.
Circumstantial \Cir`cum*stan"tial\, a. [Cf. F. circonstanciel.]
1. Consisting in, or pertaining to, circumstances or
particular incidents.
The usual character of human testimony is
substantial truth under circumstantial variety.
--Paley.
2. Incidental; relating to, but not essential.
We must therefore distinguish between the essentials
in religious worship . . . and what is merely
circumstantial. --Sharp.
3. Abounding with circumstances; detailing or exhibiting all
the circumstances; minute; particular.
Tedious and circumstantial recitals. --Prior.
{Circumstantial evidence} (Law), evidence obtained from
circumstances, which necessarily or usually attend facts
of a particular nature, from which arises presumption.
According to some authorities circumstantial is
distinguished from positive evidence in that the latter is
the testimony of eyewitnesses to a fact or the admission
of a party; but the prevalent opinion now is that all such
testimony is dependent on circumstances for its support.
All testimony is more or less circumstantial. --Wharton.
Syn: See {Minute}.
Circumstantial \Cir`cum*stan"tial\, n.
Something incidental to the main subject, but of less
importance; opposed to an essential; -- generally in the
plural; as, the circumstantials of religion. --Addison.
Circumstantiality \Cir`cum*stan`ti*al"i*ty\, n.
The state, characteristic, or quality of being
circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail. ``I
will endeavor to describe with sufficient
circumstantiality.'' --De Quincey.
Circumstantially \Cir`cum*stan"tial*ly\, adv.
1. In respect to circumstances; not essentially;
accidentally.
Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only
circumstantially different. --Glanvill.
2. In every circumstance or particular; minutely.
To set down somewhat circumstantially, not only the
events, but the manner of my trials. --Boyle.
Circumstantiate \Cir`cum*stan"ti*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Circumstantiated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Circumstantiating}.]
[See {Circumstantiating} (?).]
1. To place in particular circumstances; to invest with
particular accidents or adjuncts. [R.]
If the act were otherwise circumstantiated, it might
will that freely which now it wills reluctantly.
--Bramhall.
2. To prove or confirm by circumstances; to enter into
details concerning.
Neither will time permint to circumstantiate these
particulars, which I have only touched in the
general. --State Trials
(1661).
Circumterraneous \Cir`cum*ter*ra"ne*ous\, a. [Pref. circum- + L.
terra earth.]
Being or dwelling around the earth. ``Circumterraneous
demouns.'' --H. Hallywell.
Circumundulate \Cir`cum*un"du*late\, v. t. [Pref. circum- +
undulate.]
To flow round, as waves. [R.]
Circumvallate \Cir`cum*val"late\, v. t. [L. circumvallatus, p.
p. of circumvallare to surround with a wall; circum + vallare
to wall, fr. vallum rampart.]
To surround with a rampart or wall. --Johnson.
Circumvallate \Cir`cum*val"late\, a.
1. Surrounded with a wall; inclosed with a rampart.
2. (Anat.) Surrounded by a ridge or elevation; as, the
circumvallate papill[ae], near the base of the tongue.
Circumvallation \Cir`cum*val*la"tion\, n. (Mil.)
(a) The act of surrounding with a wall or rampart.
(b) A line of field works made around a besieged place and
the besieging army, to protect the camp of the
besiegers against the attack of an enemy from without.
Circumvection \Cir`cum*vec"tion\, n. [L. circumvectio; circum +
vehere to carry.]
The act of carrying anything around, or the state of being so
carried.
Circumvent \Cir`cum*vent"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Circumvented};
p. pr. vb. n. {Circumventing}.] [L. circumventis, p. p. of
circumvenire, to come around, encompass, deceive; circum +
venire to come, akin to E. come.]
To gain advantage over by arts, stratagem, or deception; to
decieve; to delude; to get around.
I circumvented whom I could not gain. --Dryden.
Circumvention \Cir`cum*ven"tion\, n. [L. circumventio.]
The act of prevailing over another by arts, address, or
fraud; deception; fraud; imposture; delusion.
A school in which he learns sly circumvention.
--Cowper.
Circumventive \Cir`cum*vent"ive\, a.
Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices; deluding.
Circumventor \Cir`cum*vent"or\, n. [L.]
One who circumvents; one who gains his purpose by cunning.
Circumvest \Cir`cum*vest"\, v. t. [L. circumvestire; circum +
vestire to clothe.]
To cover round, as with a garment; to invest. [Obs.]
Circumvested with much prejudice. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Circumvolant \Cir*cum"vo*lant\, a. [L. circumvolans, p. pr. See
{Circumvolation}.]
Flying around.
The circumvolant troubles of humanity. --G.
Macdonald.
Circumvolation \Cir`cum*vo*la"tion\, n. [L. circumvolate.
-volatum, to fly around; circum + volare to fly.]
The act of flying round. [R.]
Circumvolution \Cir`cum*vo*lu"tion\, n. [See {Circumvolve}.]
1. The act of rolling round; the state of being rolled.
2. A thing rolled round another. --Arbuthnot.
3. A roundabout procedure; a circumlocution.
He had neither time nor temper for sentimental
circumvolutions. --Beaconsfield.
Circumvolve \Cir`cum*volve"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Circumvolved}; p. pr. vb. n. {Circumvolving}.] [L.
circumvolvere, -volutum; circum + volvere to roll.]
To roll round; to cause to revolve; to put into a circular
motion. --Herrick.
Circumvolve \Cir`cum*volve"\, v. i.
To roll round; to revolve.
Circus \Cir"cus\, n.; pl. {Circuses}. [L. circus circle, ring,
circus (in sense 1). See {Circle}, and cf. {Cirque}.]
1. (Roman Antiq.) A level oblong space surrounded on three
sides by seats of wood, earth, or stone, rising in tiers
one above another, and divided lengthwise through the
middle by a barrier around which the track or course was
laid out. It was used for chariot races, games, and public
shows.
Note: The Circus Maximus at Rome could contain more than
100,000 spectators. --Harpers' Latin Dict.
2. A circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of
horsemanship, acrobatic displays, etc. Also, the company
of performers, with their equipage.
3. Circuit; space; inclosure. [R.]
The narrow circus of my dungeon wall. --Byron.
Cirl bunting \Cirl" bun`ting\ [Cf. It. cirlo.] (Zo["o]l.)
A European bunting ({Emberiza cirlus}).
Cirque \Cirque\, n. [F., fr. L. circus.]
1. A circle; a circus; a circular erection or arrangement of
objects.
A dismal cirque Of Druid stones upon a forlorn moor.
--Keats.
2. A kind of circular valley in the side of a mountain,
walled around by precipices of great height.
Cirrate \Cir"rate\, a. [L. cirratus having ringlets, fr. cirrus
a curl.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having cirri along the margin of a part or organ.
Cirrhiferous \Cir*rhif"er*ous\, a.
See {Cirriferous}.
Cirrhose \Cir"rhose\, a.
Same as {Cirrose}.
Cirrhosis \Cir*rho"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? orange-colored: cf.
F. cirrhose. So called from the yellowish appearance which
the diseased liver often presents when cut.] (Med.)
A disease of the liver in which it usually becomes smaller in
size and more dense and fibrous in consistence; hence
sometimes applied to similar changes in other organs, caused
by increase in the fibrous framework and decrease in the
proper substance of the organ.
Cirrhotic \Cir*rhot"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as,
cirrhotic degeneration; a cirrhotic liver.
Cirrhous \Cir"rhous\, a.
See {Cirrose}.
Cirrhus \Cir"rhus\, n.
Same as {Cirrus}.
Cirri \Cir"ri\, n. pl.
See {Cirrus}.
Cirriferous \Cir*rif"er*ous\, a. [Cirrus + -ferous.]
Bearing cirri, as many plants and animals.
Cirriform \Cir"ri*form\, a. [Cirrus + -form.] (Biol.)
Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said of appendages of
both animals and plants.
Cirrigerous \Cir*rig"er*ous\, a. [Cirrus + -gerous.] (Biol.)
Having curled locks of hair; supporting cirri, or hairlike
appendages.
Cirrigrade \Cir"ri*grade\, a. [Cirrus + L. gradi to walk.]
(Biol.)
Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike appendages.
Cirriped \Cir"ri*ped\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cirripedia.
Cirripedia \Cir`ri*pe"di*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. cirrus curl +
pes, pedis, foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult,
they have a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From
the opening of the shell the animal throws out a group of
curved legs, looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of
the group. See {Anatifa}.
Cirrobranchiata \Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. E.
cirrus + L. branchiae gills.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Mollusca having slender, cirriform appendages
near the mouth; the Scaphopoda.
Cirro-cumulus \Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus\, n. [Cirrus + cumulus.]
(Meteor.)
See under {Cloud}.
Cirrose \Cir"rose\, a. [See {Cirrus}.] (Bot.)
(a) Bearing a tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose leaf.
(b) Resembling a tendril or cirrus. [Spelt also {cirrhose}.]
Cirrostomi \Cir`ros"to*mi\, n. pl. [NL., fr. E. cirrus + Gr. ?
mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called from the cirri
around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See {Amphioxus}.
Cirro-stratus \Cir`ro-stra"tus\, n. [Cirrus + stratus.]
(Meteor.)
See under {Cloud}.
Cirrous \Cir"rous\, a.
1. (Bot.) Cirrose.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Tufted; -- said of certain feathers of birds.
Cirrus \Cir"rus\, n.; pl. {Cirri}. [L., lock, curl, ringlet.]
[Also written {cirrhus}.]
1. (Bot.) A tendril or clasper.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A soft tactile appendage of the mantle of many
Mollusca, and of the parapodia of Annelida. Those near
the head of annelids are Tentacular cirri; those of
the last segment are caudal cirri.
(b) The jointed, leglike organs of Cirripedia. See
{Annelida}, and {Polych[ae]ta}.
Note: In some of the inferior animals the cirri aid in
locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the
Annelida they are mostly organs of touch. Some cirri
are branchial in function.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The external male organ of trematodes and some
other worms, and of certain Mollusca.
4. (Meteor.) See under {Cloud}.
Cirsocele \Cir"so*cele\, n. [Gr. ? a dilated vein + ? tumor.]
(Med.)
The varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.
Cirsoid \Cir"soid\, a. [Gr. ? a dilated vein + -oid.] (Med.)
Varicose.
{Cirsoid aneurism}, a disease of an artery in which it
becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose vein.
Cirsotomy \Cir*sot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? a dilated vein + ? to cut.]
(Surg.)
Any operation for the removal of varices by incision.
--Dunglison.
Cis- \Cis-\
A Latin preposition, sometimes used as a prefix in English
words, and signifying on this side.
Cisalpine \Cis*al"pine\, a. [L. Cisalpinus; cis on this side +
Alpinus Alpine.]
On the hither side of the Alps with reference to Rome, that
is, on the south side of the Alps; -- opposed to transalpine.
Cisatlantic \Cis`at*lan"tic\, a. [Pref. cis- + Atlantic.]
On this side of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or
the western side, according to the standpoint of the writer.
--Story.
Cisco \Cis"co\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The Lake herring ({Coregonus Artedi}), valuable food fish of
the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also applied to
{C. Hoyi}, a related species of Lake Michigan.
Ciselure \Ci`se*lure"\, n. [F.]
The process of chasing on metals; also, the work thus chased.
--Weale.
Cisleithan \Cis*lei"than\, a. [Pref. cis- + Leitha.]
On the Austrian side of the river Leitha; Austrian.
Cismontane \Cis*mon"tane\, a. [Pref. cis- + L. mons mountain.]
On this side of the mountains. See under {Ultramontane}.
Cispadane \Cis"pa*dane`\, a. [Pref. cis- + L. Padanus, pert. to
the Padus or Po.]
On the hither side of the river Po with reference to Rome;
that is, on the south side.
Cissoid \Cis"soid\, n. [Gr. ? like ivy; ? ivy + ? form.] (Geom.)
A curve invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two
celebrated problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect
a plane angle, and to construct two geometrical means between
two given straight lines.
Cist \Cist\, n. [L. cista box, chest, Gr. ? Cf. {Chest}.]
1. (Antiq.) A box or chest. Specifically:
(a) A bronze receptacle, round or oval, frequently
decorated with engravings on the sides and cover, and
with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings.
(b) A cinerary urn. See Illustration in Appendix.
2. See {Cyst}.
Cisted \Cist"ed\, a.
Inclosed in a cyst. See {Cysted}.
Cistercian \Cis*ter"cian\, n. [LL. Cistercium. F. C[^i]teaux, a
convent not far from Dijon, in France: cf. F. cistercien.]
(Eccl.)
A monk of the prolific branch of the Benedictine Order,
established in 1098 at C[^i]teaux, in France, by Robert,
abbot of Molesme. For two hundred years the Cistercians
followed the rule of St. Benedict in all its rigor. -- a. Of
or pertaining to the Cistercians.
Cistern \Cis"tern\, n. [OE. cisterne, OF. cisterne, F. cisterne,
fr. L. cisterna, fr. cista box, chest. See {Cist}, and cf.
{chest}.]
1. An artificial reservoir or tank for holding water, beer,
or other liquids.
2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water.
``The wide cisterns of the lakes.'' --Blackmore.
Cistic \Cist"ic\, a.
See {Cystic}.
Cit \Cit\, n. [Contr. fr. citizen.]
A citizen; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; -- used
contemptuously. ``Insulted as a cit''. --Johnson
Which past endurance sting the tender cit. --Emerson.
Citable \Cit"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being cited.
Citadel \Cit"a*del\, n. [F. citadelle, It. citadella, di?. of
citt? city, fr. L. civitas. See {City}.]
A fortress in or near a fortified city, commanding the city
and fortifications, and intended as a final point of defense.
{Syn}. -- Stronghold. See {Fortress}.
Cital \Cit"al\, n. [From {Cite}]
1. Summons to appear, as before a judge. [R.] --Johnson
2. Citation; quotation [R.] --Johnson.
Citation \Ci*ta"tion\, n. [F. citation, LL. citatio, fr.L.
citare to cite. See {Cite}]
1. An official summons or notice given to a person to appear;
the paper containing such summons or notice.
2. The act of citing a passage from a book, or from another
person, in his own words; also, the passage or words
quoted; quotation.
This horse load of citations and fathers. --Milton.
3. Enumeration; mention; as, a citation of facts.
4. (Law) A reference to decided cases, or books of authority,
to prove a point in law.
Citator \Ci*ta"tor\, n.
One who cites. [R]
Citatory \Ci"ta*to*ry\, a. [LL. citatirius.]
Having the power or form of a citation; as, letters citatory.
Cite \Cite\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cited}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Citing}] [F. citer, fr. L. citare, intens. of cire,
ci[=e]re, to put in motion, to excite; akin to Gr.? to go,
Skr. ? to sharpen.]
1. To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as
before a court; to summon.
The cited dead, Of all past ages, to the general
doom Shall hasten. --Milton.
Cited by finger of God. --De Quincey.
2. To urge; to enjoin. [R.] --Shak.
3. To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book, or the
words of another.
The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose.
--Shak.
4. To refer to or specify, as for support, proof,
illustration, or confirmation.
The imperfections which you have cited. --Shak.
5. To bespeak; to indicate. [Obs.]
Aged honor cites a virtuous youth. --Shak.
6. (Law) To notify of a proceeding in court. --Abbot
Syn: To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select; call;
summon. See {Quote}.
Citer \Cit"er\, n.
One who cites.
Citess \Cit"ess\, n. [From {Cit}.]
A city woman [R.]
Cithara \Cith"a*ra\, n. [L. Cf. {Cittern}, {Guitar}.] (Mus.)
An ancient instrument resembling the harp.
Citharistic \Cith`a*ris"tic\, a. [Gr.?, fr.? cithara.]
Pertaining, or adapted, to the cithara.
Cithern \Cith"ern\, n.
See {Cittern}.
Citicism \Cit"i*cism\, n. [From cit.]
The manners of a cit or citizen.
Citied \Cit"ied\, a.
1. Belonging to, or resembling, a city. ``Smoky, citied
towns'' [R.] --Drayton.
2. Containing, or covered with, cities. [R.] ``The citied
earth.'' --Keats.
Citified \Cit"i*fied\, a. [City +-fy.]
Aping, or having, the manners of a city.
Citigradae \Cit`i*gra"d[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. citus swift
(p. p. of cire, ciere, to move) + gradi to walk. See {Cite}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula
and the wolf spiders ({Lycosidae}) and their allies, which
capture their prey by rapidly running and jumping. See {Wolf
spider}.
Citigrade \Cit"i*grade\, a. [Cf. F. citigrade.] (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the Citigrad[ae]. -- n. One of the
Citigrad[ae].
Citiner \Cit"i*ner\, n.
One who is born or bred in a city; a citizen. [Obs.]
--Champan.
Citizen \Cit"i*zen\, n. [OE. citisein, OF. citeain, F. citoyen,
fr. cit['e] city. See {City}, and cf. {Cit}.]
1. One who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a
freeman of a city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or
one not entitled to its franchises.
That large body of the working men who were not
counted as citizens and had not so much as a vote to
serve as an anodyne to their stomachs. --G. Eliot.
2. An inhabitant of a city; a townsman. --Shak.
3. A person, native or naturalized, of either sex, who owes
allegiance to a government, and is entitled to reciprocal
protection from it.
Note: This protection is . . . national protection,
recognition of the individual, in the face of foreign
nations, as a member of the state, and assertion of his
security and rights abroad as well as at home. --Abbot
4. One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a citizen,
though neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense
that he takes his legal status from such country.
Citizen \Cit"i*zen\, a.
1. Having the condition or qualities of a citizen, or of
citizens; as, a citizen soldiery.
2. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city;
characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious. [Obs.]
I am not well, But not so citizen a wanton as To
seem to die ere sick. --Shak.
Citizeness \Cit"i*zen*ess\, n.
A female citizen. [R.]
Citizenship \Cit"i*zen*ship\, n.
The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.
Citole \Cit"ole\, n. [OF. citole, fr. L. cithara. {See
Cittern}.] (Mus.)
A musical instrument; a kind of dulcimer. [Obs.]
Citraconic \Cit`ra*con"ic\, a. [Citric + aconitic.]
Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain
characteristics of, citric and aconitic acids.
{Citraconic acid} (Chem.), a white, crystalline, deliquescent
substance, {C3H4(CO2H)2}, obtained by distillation of
citric acid. It is a compound of the ethylene series.
Citrate \Cit"rate\, n. [From {Citric}.] (Chem.)
A salt of citric acid.
Citric \Cit"ric\, a. [Cf. F. citrique. See {Citron}.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the citron or lemon; as,
citric acid.
{Citric acid} (Chem.), an organic acid, {C3H4OH.(CO2H)3},
extracted from lemons, currants, gooseberries, etc., as a
white crystalline substance, having a pleasant sour taste.
Citrination \Cit`ri*na"tion\, n. [See {Citrine}.]
The process by which anything becomes of the color of a
lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of perfection in the
philosopher's stone indicated by its assuming a deep yellow
color. --Thynne.
Citrine \Cit"rine\, a. [F. citrin. See {Citron}.]
Like a citron or lemon; of a lemon color; greenish yellow.
{Citrine ointment} (Med.), a yellowish mercurial ointment,
the {unguentum hydrargyri nitratis}.
Citrine \Cit"rine\, n.
A yellow, pellucid variety of quartz.
Citron \Cit"ron\ (s[i^]t"r[u^]n), n. [F. citron, LL. citro, fr.
L. citrus citron tree (cf. citreum, sc. malum, a citron),
from Gr. ki`tron citron]
1. (Bot) A fruit resembling a lemon, but larger, and
pleasantly aromatic. The thick rind, when candied, is the
citron of commerce.
2. A citron tree.
3. A citron melon.
{Citron melon}.
(a) A small variety of muskmelon with sugary greenish
flesh.
(b) A small variety of watermelon, whose solid white flesh
is used in making sweetmeats and preserves.
{Citron tree} (Bot.), the tree which bears citrons. It was
probably a native of northern India, and is now understood
to be the typical form of {Citrus Medica}.
Citrus \Cit"rus\ (s[i^]t"r[u^]s), n. [L., a citron tree.] (Bot.)
A genus of trees including the orange, lemon, citron, etc.,
originally natives of southern Asia.
Cittern \Cit"tern\, n. [L. cithara, Gr. ?. Cf. {Cithara},
{Gittern}.] (Mus.)
An instrument shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and
played with a quill or plectrum. [Written also {cithern}.]
--Shak.
Note: Not to be confounded with zither.
Cittern-head \Cit"tern-head`\, n.
Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a
cittern usually ended with a carved head. --Marsion
City \Cit"y\, n.; pl. {Cities}. [OE. cite, F. cit?, fr. L.
civitas citizenship, state, city, fr. civis citizen; akin to
Goth. heiwa (in heiwafrauja man of the house), AS. ?, pl.,
members of a family, servants, ? family, G. heirath marriage,
prop., providing a house, E. hind a peasant.]
1. A large town.
2. A corporate town; in the United States, a town or
collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed
by a mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting of a
board of aldermen and a common council; in Great Britain,
a town corporate, which is or has been the seat of a
bishop, or the capital of his see.
A city is a town incorporated; which is, or has
been, the see of a bishop; and though the bishopric
has been dissolved, as at Westminster, it yet
remaineth a city. --Blackstone
When Gorges constituted York a city, he of course
meant it to be the seat of a bishop, for the word
city has no other meaning in English law. --Palfrey
3. The collective body of citizens, or inhabitants of a city.
``What is the city but the people?'' --Shak.
Syn: See {Village}.
City \Cit"y\, a.
Of or pertaining to a city. --Shak.
{City council}. See under {Council}.
{City court}, The municipal court of a city. [U. S.]
{City ward}, a watchman, or the collective watchmen, of a
city. [Obs.] --Fairfax.
Cive \Cive\, n. (Bot.)
Same as {Chive}.
Civet \Civ"et\, n. [F. civette (cf. It. zibetto) civet, civet
cat, fr. LGr. ?, fr. Ar. zub?d, zab?d, civet.]
1. A substance, of the consistence of butter or honey, taken
from glands in the anal pouch of the civet ({Viverra
civetta}). It is of clear yellowish or brownish color, of
a strong, musky odor, offensive when undiluted, but
agreeable when a small portion is mixed with another
substance. It is used as a perfume.
2. (Zo["o]l) The animal that produces civet ({Viverra
civetta}); -- called also {civet cat}. It is carnivorous,
from two to three feet long, and of a brownish gray color,
with transverse black bands and spots on the body and
tail. It is a native of northern Africa and of Asia. The
name is also applied to other species.
Civet \Civ"et\, v. t.
To scent or perfume with civet. --Cowper
Civic \Civ"ic\, a. [L.civicus, fr. civis citizen. See {City}.]
Relating to, or derived from, a city or citizen; relating to
man as a member of society, or to civil affairs.
{Civic crown} (Rom. Antiq.), a crown or garland of oak leaves
and acorns, bestowed on a soldier who had saved the life
of a citizen in battle.
Civicism \Civ"i*cism\, n.
The principle of civil government.
Civics \Civ"ics\, n.
The science of civil government.
Civil \Civ"il\, a. [L. civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil.
See {City}.]
1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his
relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within
the city or state.
2. Subject to government; reduced to order; civilized; not
barbarous; -- said of the community.
England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but
even the other day since England grew civil.
--Spenser.
3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to
government; -- said of an individual.
Civil men come nearer the saints of God than others;
they come within a step or two of heaven. --Preston
4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as opposed
to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous;
complaisant; affable.
Note: ``A civil man now is one observant of slight external
courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and
man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the
duties and obligations flowing from his position as a
'civis' and his relations to the other members of that
'civitas.''' --Trench
5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in distinction from
military, ecclesiastical, or official state.
6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit
distinct from criminal proceedings.
{Civil action}, an action to enforce the rights or redress
the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal
proceeding.
{Civil architecture}, the architecture which is employed in
constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in
distinction from military and naval architecture, as
private houses, palaces, churches, etc.
{Civil death}. (Law.) See under {Death}.
{Civil engineering}. See under {Engineering}.
{Civil law}. See under {Law}.
{Civil list}. See under {List}.
{Civil remedy} (Law), that given to a person injured, by
action, as opposed to a criminal prosecution.
{Civil service}, all service rendered to and paid for by the
state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or
military affairs.
{Civil service reform}, the substitution of business
principles and methods for the spoils system in the
conduct of the civil service, esp. in the matter of
appointments to office.
{Civil state}, the whole body of the laity or citizens not
included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical
states.
{Civil suit}. Same as {Civil action}.
{Civil war}. See under {War}.
{Civil year}. See under {Year}.
Civilian \Ci*vil"ian\, n. [From {Civil}]
1. One skilled in the civil law.
Ancient civilians and writers upon government.
--Swift.
2. A student of the civil law at a university or college.
--R. Graves.
3. One whose pursuits are those of civil life, not military
or clerical.
Civilist \Civ"il*ist\, n.
A civilian. [R.] --Warbur?on.
Civillty \Ci*vil"l*ty\, n.; pl. {Civilities}. [L. civilitas: cf.
F. civilit['e]. See {Civil}.]
1. The state of society in which the relations and duties of
a citizen are recognized and obeyed; a state of
civilization. [Obs.]
Monarchies have risen from barbarrism to civility,
and fallen again to ruin. --Sir J.
Davies.
The gradual depature of all deeper signification
from the word civility has obliged the creation of
another word -- civilization. --Trench.
2. A civil office, or a civil process [Obs.]
To serve in a civility. --Latimer.
3. Courtesy; politeness; kind attention; good breeding; a
polite act or expression.
The insolent civility of a proud man is, if
possible, more shocking than his rudeness could be.
--Chesterfield.
The sweet civilities of life. --Dryden.
Syn: Urbanity; affability; complaisance.
Civilizable \Civ"i*li`za*ble\, a.
Capable of being civilized.
Civilization \Civ`i*li*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. civilisation.]
1. The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized;
national culture; refinement.
Our manners, our civilization, and all the good
things connected with manners, and with
civilization, have, in this European world of ours,
depended for ages upon two principles -- . . . the
spirit of a gentleman, and spirit of religion.
--Burke
2. (Law) Rendering a criminal process civil. [Obs.]
Civilize \Civ"i*lize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Civilized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Civilizing}.] [Cf. F. civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil.
See {Civil}.]
1. To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules
and customs of civilization; to educate; to refine.
Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose Her
land to civilize, as to subdue. --Dryden
2. To admit as suitable to a civilized state. [Obs. or R.]
``Civilizing adultery.'' --Milton.
Syn: To polish; refine; humanize.
Civilized \Civ"i*lized\, a.
Reclaimed from savage life and manners; instructed in arts,
learning, and civil manners; refined; cultivated.
Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not
reconcilable with the present state of civilized
society. --J. Quincy.
Civilizer \Civ"i*li*zer\, n.
One who, or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.
Civily \Civ"i*ly\, adv.
In a civil manner; as regards civil rights and privileges;
politely; courteously; in a well bred manner.
Civism \Civ"ism\, n. [Cf. F. civisme, fr.L. civis citizen.]
State of citizenship. [R.] --Dyer.
Cizar \Ciz"ar\, v. i. [From {Cizars}.]
To clip with scissors. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Cizars \Ciz"ars\, n. pl.
Scissors. [Obs.] --Swift.
Cize \Cize\, n.
Bulk; largeness. [Obs.] See {Size}.
Clabber \Clab"ber\, n. [See {Bonnyclabber}]
Milk curdled so as to become thick.
Clabber \Clab"ber\, v. i.
To become clabber; to lopper.
Clachan \Clach"an\, n. [Scot., fr. Gael.]
A small village containing a church. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott
Sitting at the clachon alehouse. --R. L.
Stevenson.
Clack \Clack\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Clacked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clacking}.] [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. F. claquer to
clap, crack, D. klakken, MHG. klac crack, Ir. clagaim I make
a noise, ring. Cf. {Clack}, n., {Clatter}, {Click}.]
1. To make a sudden, sharp noise, or a succesion of such
noises, as by striking an object, or by collision of
parts; to rattle; to click.
We heard Mr.Hodson's whip clacking on the ahoulders
of the poor little wretches. --Thackeray.
2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with
abruptness; to let the tongue run.
Clack \Clack\, v. t.
1. To cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of
noises; to click.
2. To utter rapidly and inconsiderately. --Feltham.
{To clack wool}, to cut off the sheep's mark, in order to
make the wool weigh less and thus yield less duty. [Eng.]
Clack \Clack\, n. [Cf. F. claque a slap or smack, MHG. klac
crack, W. clec crack, gossip. See {Clack}, v. t.]
1. A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises, made by
striking an object.
2. Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the clapper of a
mill, or a clack valve.
3. Continual or importunate talk; prattle; prating.
Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual clack.
--South.
{Clack box} (Mach.), the box or chamber in which a clack
valve works.
{Clack dish}, a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried by
beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice. --Shak.
{Clack door} (Mining), removable cover of the opening through
which access is had to a pump valve.
{Clack valve} (Mach.), a valve; esp. one hinged at one edge,
which, when raised from its seat, falls with a clacking
sound.
Clacker \Clack"er\, n.
1. One who clacks; that which clacks; especially, the clapper
of a mill.
2. A claqueur. See {Claqueur}.
Clad \Clad\, v.t
To clothe. [Obs.] --Holland.
Clad \Clad\,
imp. & p. p. of {Clothe}.
Cladocera \Cla*doc"e*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a sprout + ? a
horn.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of the Entomostraca.
Note: They have a bivalve shell, covering the body but not
the head, and from four to six pairs of legs and two
pairs of anten[ae], for use in swimming. They mostly
inhabit fresh water.
Cladophyll \Clad"o*phyll\, n. [Gr. ? a sprout + ? a leaf.]
(Bot.)
A special branch, resembling a leaf, as in the apparent
foliage of the broom ({Ruscus}) and of the common cultivated
smilax ({Myrsiphillum}).
Claggy \Clag"gy\, a. [Cf. {Clog}.]
Adhesive; -- said of a roof in a mine to which coal clings.
Claik \Claik\, n.
See {Clake}.
Claim \Claim\ (kl[=a]m), v.?. [imp. & p. p. {Claimed}
(kl[=a]md); p. pr. & vb. n. {Claiming}.] [OE. clamen,
claimen, OF. clamer, fr. L. clamare to cry out, call; akin to
calare to proclaim, Gr. ? to call, Skr. kal to sound, G.
holen to fetch, E. hale haul.]
1. To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority,
right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to
demand as due.
2. To proclaim. [Obs.] --Spenser.
3. To call or name. [Obs.] --Spenser.
4. To assert; to maintain. [Colloq.]
Claim \Claim\, v. i.
To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to
have a claim.
We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one
claims, came by his authority. --Locke.
Claim \Claim\, n. [Of. claim cry, complaint, from clamer. See
{Claim}, v. t.]
1. A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on
another for something due or supposed to be due; an
assertion of a right or fact.
2. A right to claim or demand something; a title to any debt,
privilege, or other thing in possession of another; also,
a title to anything which another should give or concede
to, or confer on, the claimant. ``A bar to all claims upon
land.'' --Hallam.
3. The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to which any
one intends to establish a right; as a settler's claim; a
miner's claim. [U.S. & Australia]
4. A loud call. [Obs.] --Spenser
{To lay claim to}, to demand as a right. ``Doth he lay claim
to thine inheritance?'' --Shak.
Claimable \Claim"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being claimed.
Claimant \Claim"ant\, n. [Cf. OF. clamant, p. pr. of clamer. Cf.
{Clamant}.]
One who claims; one who asserts a right or title; a claimer.
Claimer \Claim"er\, n.
One who claims; a claimant.
Claimless \Claim"less\, a.
Having no claim.
Clair-obscur \Clair"-ob*scur"\, n. [F. See {Clare-obscure}.]
See {Chiaroscuro}.
Clairvoyance \Clair*voy"ance\, n. [F.]
A power, attributed to some persons while in a mesmeric
state, of discering objects not perceptible by the senses in
their normal condition.
Clairvoyant \Clair*voy"ant\, a. [F., fr. clair clear + voyant,
p. pr. of voir to see. See {Clear}, and {Vision}.]
Pertaining to clairvoyance; discerning objects while in a
mesmeric state which are not present to the senses.
Clairvoyant \Clair*voy"ant\ n.
One who is able, when in a mesmeric state, to discern objects
not present to the senses.
Clake \Clake\, Claik \Claik\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The bernicle goose; -- called also {clack goose}.
Clam \Clam\, n. [Cf. {Clamp}, {Clam}, v. t., {Clammy}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially
those that are edible; as, the long clam ({Mya arenaria}),
the quahog or round clam ({Venus mercenaria}), the sea
clam or hen clam ({Spisula solidissima}), and other
species of the United States. The name is said to have
been given originally to the {Tridacna gigas}, a huge East
Indian bivalve.
You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or
cove of sand, where you may not take many clampes,
or lobsters, or both, at your pleasure. --Capt. John
Smith (1616).
Clams, or clamps, is a shellfish not much unlike a
coclke; it lieth under the sand. --Wood (1634).
2. (Ship Carp.) Strong pinchers or forceps.
3. pl. (Mech.) A kind of vise, usually of wood.
{Blood clam}. See under {Blood}.
Clam \Clam\ (cl[a^]m), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clammed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Clamming}.] [Cf. AS. cl[ae]man to clam, smear; akin
to Icel. kleima to smear, OHG. kleimjan, chleimen, to defile,
or E. clammy.]
To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter.
A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there they
cloyed and clammed Themselves till there was no getting
out again. --L'Estrange.
Clam \Clam\, v. i.
To be moist or glutinous; to stick; to adhere. [R.] --Dryden
Clam \Clam\, n.
Claminess; moisture. [R.] ``The clam of death.'' --Carlyle.
Clam \Clam\, n. [Abbrev. fr. clamor.]
A crash or clangor made by ringing all the bells of a chime
at once. --Nares.
Clam \Clam\, v. t. & i.
To produce, in bell ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to
clang. --Nares.
Clamant \Cla"mant\, a. [L. clamans, p. pr. of clamare to call.
Cf. {Claimant}.]
Crying earnestly, beseeching clamorously. ``Clamant
children.'' --Thomson.
Clamation \Cla*ma"tion\, n. [LL. clamatio, fr. L. clamare to
call.]
The act of crying out. --Sir T. Browne.
Clamatores \Clam`a*to"res\, n. pl. [L. clamator, pl. clamatores,
a bawler.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of passerine birds in which the vocal muscles are
but little developed, so that they lack the power of singing.
Clamatorial \Clam`a*to"rial\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to the Clamatores.
Clambake \Clam"bake\, n.
The backing or steaming of clams on heated stones, between
layers of seaweed; hence, a picnic party, gathered on such an
occasion.
Clamber \Clam"ber\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Clambered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Clambering}.] [OE clambren, clameren, to heap
together, climb; akin to Icel. klambra to clamp, G. klammern.
Cf. {Clamp}, {Climb}.]
To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also
used figuratively.
The narrow street that clambered toward the mill.
--Tennyson.
Clamber \Clam"ber\, n.
The act of clambering. --T. Moore.
Clamber \Clam"ber\, v. t.
To ascend by climbing with difficulty.
Clambering the walls to eye him. --Shak.
Clamjamphrie \Clam*jam"phrie\, n.
Low, worthless people; the rabble. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Clammily \Clam"mi*ly\, adv.
In a clammy manner. ``Oozing so clammily.'' --Hood.
Clamminess \Clam"mi*ness\, n.
State of being clammy or viscous.
Clammy \Clam"my\, a. [Compar. {Clammier}; superl. {Clammiest}.]
[Cf. AS. cl[=a]m clay. See {Clam} to clog, and cf. {Clay}.]
Having the quality of being viscous or adhesive; soft and
sticky; glutinous; damp and adhesive, as if covered with a
cold perspiration.
Clamor \Clam"or\, n. [OF. clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr. L.
clamor, fr. clamare to cry out. See {Claim}.]
1. A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued
shouting or exclamation. --Shak.
2. Any loud and continued noise. --Addison.
3. A continued expression of dissatisfaction or discontent; a
popular outcry. --Macaulay.
Syn: Outcry; exclamation; noise; uproar.
Clamor \Clam"or\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clamored}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Clamoring}.]
1. To salute loudly. [R.]
The people with a shout Rifted the air, clamoring
their god with praise. --Milton
.
2. To stun with noise. [R.] --Bacon.
3. To utter loudly or repeatedly; to shout.
Clamored their piteous prayer incessantly.
--Longfellow.
To clamor bells, to repeat the strokes quickly so as
to produce a loud clang. --Bp.
Warbur?ion.
Clamor \Clam"or\, v. i.
To utter loud sounds or outcries; to vociferate; to complain;
to make importunate demands.
The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. --Shak.
Clamorer \Clam"or*er\, n.
One who clamors.
Clamorous \Clam"or*ous\, a. [LL. clamorosus, for L. Clamosus:
cf. OF. clamoreux.]
Speaking and repeating loud words; full of clamor; calling or
demanding loudly or urgently; vociferous; noisy; bawling;
loud; turbulent. ``My young ones were clamorous for a
morning's excursion.'' --Southey. -- {Clam"or*ous*ly}, adv.
-- {Clam"or*ous*ness}, n.
Clamp \Clamp\ (kl[a^]mp), n. [Cf. LG. & D. klamp, Dan. klampe,
also D. klampen to fasten, clasp. Cf. {Clamber}, {Cramp}.]
1. Something rigid that holds fast or binds things together;
a piece of wood or metal, used to hold two or more pieces
together.
2.
(a) An instrument with a screw or screws by which work is
held in its place or two parts are temporarily held
together.
(b) (Joinery) A piece of wood placed across another, or
inserted into another, to bind or strengthen.
3. One of a pair of movable pieces of lead, or other soft
material, to cover the jaws of a vise and enable it to
grasp without bruising.
4. (Shipbuilding) A thick plank on the inner part of a ship's
side, used to sustain the ends of beams.
5. A mass of bricks heaped up to be burned; or of ore for
roasting, or of coal for coking.
6. A mollusk. See {Clam}. [Obs.]
{Clamp nails}, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.
Clamp \Clamp\ (kl[a^]mp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clamped}
(kl[a^]mt; 215) p. pr. & vb. n. {Clamping}.]
1. To fasten with a clamp or clamps; to apply a clamp to; to
place in a clamp.
2. To cover, as vegetables, with earth. [Eng.]
Clamp \Clamp\, n. [Prob. an imitative word. Cf. {Clank}.]
A heavy footstep; a tramp.
Clamp \Clamp\, v. i.
To tread heavily or clumsily; to clump.
The policeman with clamping feet. --Thackeray.
Clamper \Clamp"er\, n.
An instrument of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot
or shoe to enable the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a
creeper. --Kane.
Clan \Clan\, n. [Gael. clann offspring, descendants; akin to Ir.
clann, cland, offspring, tribe, family; perh. from L. plania
scion, slip, cutting. Cf. {Plant}, n.]
1. A tribe or collection of families, united under a
chieftain, regarded as having the same common ancestor,
and bearing the same surname; as, the clan of Macdonald.
``I have marshaled my clan.'' --Campbell.
2. A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons; esp., a
body of persons united by some common interest or pursuit;
-- sometimes used contemptuously.
Partidge and the rest of his clan may hoot me.
--Smolett.
The whole clan of the enlightened among us. --Burke.
Clancular \Clan"cu*lar\, a. [L. clancularius, from clanculum
secretly, adv. dim. of clam secretly.]
Conducted with secrecy; clandestine; concealed. [Obs.]
Not close and clancular, but frank and open. --Barrow.
Clancularly \Clan"cu*lar*ly\, adv.
privately; secretly. [Obs.]
Clandestine \Clan*des"tine\, a. [L. clandestinus, fr. clam
secretly; akin to celare, E. conceal: cf. F. clandestin.]
Conducted with secrecy; withdrawn from public notice, usually
for an evil purpose; kept secret; hidden; private; underhand;
as, a clandestine marriage. --Locke.
Syn: Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly;
stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent. --
{Clan*des"tine*ly}, adv. -- {Clan*des"tine*ness}, n.
Clandestinity \Clan`des*tin"i*ty\, n.
Privacy or secrecy. [R.]
Clang \Clang\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clanged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clanging}.] [L. clangere; akin to Gr. ? to clash, scream; or
perh. to E. clank.]
To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound.
The fierce Caretes . . . clanged their sounding arms.
--Prior.
Clang \Clang\, v. i.
To give out a clang; to resound. ``Clanging hoofs.''
--Tennyson.
Clang \Clang\, n.
1. A loud, ringing sound, like that made by metallic
substances when clanged or struck together.
The broadsword's deadly clang, As if a thousand
anvils rang. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. (Mus.) Quality of tone.
Clangor \Clan"gor\, n. [L., fr. clangere. See {Clang}, v. t.]
A sharp, harsh, ringing sound. --Dryden.
Clangorous \Clan"gor*ous\, a. [LL. clangorosus.]
Making a clangor; having a ringing, metallic sound.
Clangous \Clan"gous\, a.
Making a clang, or a ringing metallic sound. [Obs.]
Clanjamfrie \Clan*jam"frie\, n.
Same as {Clamjamphrie}. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Clank \Clank\, n. [Akin to clink, and of imitative origin; cf.
G. klang sound, D. klank. Cf. {Clang}.]
A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made by a collision of
metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually expressing a
duller or less resounding sound than clang, and a deeper and
stronger sound than clink.
But not in chains to pine, His spirit withered with
tyeur clank. --Byron.
Clank \Clank\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clanked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clanking}.]
To cause to sound with a clank; as, the prisoners clank their
chains.
Clank \Clank\, v. i.
To sound with a clank.
Clankless \Clank"less\, a.
Without a clank. --Byreon.
Clannish \Clan"nish\, a.
Of or pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan;
disposed to associate only with one's clan or clique;
actuated by the traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a
clan. -- {Clan"nish*ly}, adv. -- {Clan"nish*ness}, n.
Clanship \Clan"ship\, n.
A state of being united together as in a clan; an association
under a chieftain.
Clansman \Clans"man\, n.; pl. {Clansmen}.
One belonging to the same clan with another.
Clap \Clap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clapped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clapping}.] [AS. clappan; akin to Icel. & Sw. klappa, D,
klappen, to clap, prate, G. klaffen, v. i., to split open,
yelp, klopfen, v. t. & i., to knock.]
1. To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a
quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; as, to clap
one's hands; a clapping of wings.
Then like a bird it sits and sings, And whets and
claps its silver wings. --Marvell.
2. To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or abrupt
manner; -- often followed by to, into, on, or upon.
He had just time to get in and clap to the door.
--Locke
Clap an extinguaisher upon your irony. --Lamb.
3. To manifest approbation of, by striking the hands
together; to applaud; as, to clap a performance.
{To clap hands}.
(a) To pledge faith by joining hands. [Obs.] --Shak.
(b) To express contempt or derision. [Obs.] --Lam. ii. 15.
{To clap hold of}, to seize roughly or quickly.
{To clap up}.
(a) To imprison hastily or without due formality.
(b) To make or contrive hastily. [Obs.] ``Was ever match
clapped up so suddenly?'' --Shak.
Clap \Clap\, v. i.
1. To knock, as at a door. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. To strike the hands together in applause.
Their ladies bid them clap. --Shak.
3. To come together suddenly with noise.
The doors around me clapped. --Dryden.
4. To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with to or into.
[Obs.] ``Shall we clap into it roundly, without . . .
saying we are hoarse?'' --Shak.
5. To talk noisily; to chatter loudly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Clap \Clap\ (kl[a^]p), n.
1. A loud noise made by sudden collision; a bang. ``Give the
door such a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole
room.'' --Swift.
2. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion.
Horrible claps of thunder. --Hakewill.
3. A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a blow.
What, fifty of my followers at a clap! --Shak.
4. A striking of hands to express approbation.
Unextrected claps or hisses. --Addison.
5. Noisy talk; chatter. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
6. (Falconry) The nether part of the beak of a hawk.
{Clap dish}. See {Clack dish}, under {Clack}, n.
{Clap net}, a net for taking birds, made to close or clap
together.
Clap \Clap\, n. [Cf. OF. clapoir.]
Gonorrhea.
Clapboard \Clap"board\, n.
1. A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; --
used for weatherboarding the outside of houses. [U. S.]
2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.] --Halliwell.
Clapboard \Clap"board\, v. t.
To cover with clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a
house. [U. S.] --Bartlett.
Clapbread \Clap"bread`\, Clapcake \Clap"cake`\, n.
Oatmeal cake or bread clapped or beaten till it is thin.
[Obs.] --Halliwell.
Clape \Clape\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A bird; the flicker.
Clapper \Clap"per\, n.
1. A person who claps.
2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a bell, or
the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See
Illust. of {Bell}.
{Clapper rail} (Zo["o]l.), an Americam species of rail
({Rallus scepitans}).
Clapper \Clap"per\, n. [F. clapier.]
A rabbit burrow. [Obs.]
Clapperclaw \Clap"per*claw\, v. t. [Clap + claw.]
1. To fight and scratch. --C. Smart.
2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to scold.
Claps \Claps\, v. t.
Variant of {Clasp} [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Claptrap \Clap"trap`\, n.
1. A contrivance for clapping in theaters. [Obs.]
2. A trick or device to gain applause; humbug.
Claptrap \Clap"trap`\, a.
Contrived for the purpose of making a show, or gaining
applause; deceptive; unreal.
Claque \Claque\, n. [F.]
A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical
exhibition.
Claqueur \Cla`queur"\, n. [F.]
One of the claque employed to applaud at a theater.
Clare \Clare\, n.
A nun of the order of St. Clare.
Clarence \Clar"ence\, n.
A close four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a
seat for the driver.
Clarenceux \Clar"en*ceux\, Clarencieux \Clar"en*cieux\, n.
(Her.)
See {King-at-arms}.
Clarendon \Clar"en*don\, n.
A style of type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in
all sizes.
Note: This line is in nonpareil Clarendon.
Clare-obscure \Clare"-ob*scure"\, n. [L. clarus clear + obscurus
obscure; cf. F. clair-obscur. Cf. {Chiaroscuro}.] (Painting)
See {Chiaroscuro}.
Claret \Clar"et\ (kl[a^]r"[e^]t), n. [OE. claret, clare, clarry,
OF. claret, clar['e], fr. cler, F. clair, clear, fr. L.
clarus clear. See {Clear}.]
The name first given in England to the red wines of M['e]doc,
in France, and afterwards extended to all the red Bordeaux
wines. The name is also given to similar wines made in the
United States.
Claribella \Clar`i*bel"la\, n. [NL., from L. clarus clear +
bellus fine.] (Mus.)
A soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood pipes in an organ.
Clarichord \Clar"i*chord\, n. [F. clatocorde, fr.L. clarus clear
+ chorda string. See {Chord}.]
A musical instrument, formerly in use, in form of a spinet;
-- called also {manichord} and {clavichord}.
Clarification \Clar`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. clarification, L.
clarificatio glorification.]
1. The act or process of making clear or transparent, by
freeing visible impurities; as, the clarification of wine.
2. The act of freeing from obscurities.
The clarification of men's ideas. --Whewell.
Clarifier \Clar"i*fi`er\, n.
1. That which clarifies.
2. A vessel in which the process of clarification is
conducted; as, the clarifier in sugar works. --Ure.
Clarify \Clar"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clarified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Clarifying}.] [F. clarifier, from L. clarificare;
clarus clear + facere to make. See {Clear}, and {Fact}.]
1. To make clear or bright by freeing from feculent matter;
to defecate; to fine; -- said of liquids, as wine or
sirup. ``Boiled and clarified.'' --Ure.
2. To make clear; to free from obscurities; to brighten or
illuminate.
To clarify his reason, and to rectify his will.
--South.
3. To glorify. [Obs.]
Fadir, clarifie thi name. --Wyclif (John
ii. 28).
Clarify \Clar"i*fy\, v. i.
1. To grow or become clear or transparent; to become free
from feculent impurities, as wine or other liquid under
clarification.
2. To grow clear or bright; to clear up.
Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts,
his wits and understanding do clarify and break up
in the discoursing with another. --Bacon.
Clarigate \Clar"i*gate\, v. i. [L. clarigare]
To declare war with certain ceremonies. [Obs.] --Holland.
Clarinet \Clar"i*net`\, n. [F. clarinette, dim. of clarine, from
L. clarus. See {Clear}, and cf. {Clarion}.] (Mus.)
A wind instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and
fuller tone than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the
leading instrument in a military band.
Note: [Often improperly called {clarionet}.]
Clarino \Cla*ri"no\, n. [It. a trumpet.] (Mus.)
A reed stop in an organ.
Clarion \Clar"i*on\, n. [OE. clarioun, OF. clarion, F. clairon,
LL. clario, claro; so called from its clear tone, fr. L.
clarus clear. See {Clear}.]
A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill.
He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of
battle. --E. Everett.
Clarionet \Clar`i*o*net"\, n. [See {Clarion}, {Clarinet}.]
(Mus.)
See {Clarinet}.
Clarisonus \Cla*ris"o*nus\, a. [L. clarisonus; clarus + sonus.]
Having a clear sound. [Obs.] --Ash.
Claritude \Clar"i*tude\, n. [L. claritudo, fr. clarus clear.]
Clearness; splendor. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Clarity \Clar"i*ty\, n. [L. claritas, fr. clarus clear: cf. F.
clart['e].]
Clearness; brightness; splendor.
Floods, in whose more than crystal clarity, Innumerable
virgin graces row. --Beaumont.
Claro-obscuro \Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro\, n.
See {Chiaroscuro}.
Clarr'e \Clar`r['e]"\, n. [See {Claret}.]
Wine with a mixture of honey and species. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Clart \Clart\, v. t. [Cf. Armor. kalar mud, mire, kalara to
dirt, Sw. lort mud.]
To daub, smear, or spread, as with mud, etc. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Clarty \Clart"y\, a.
Sticky and foul; muddy; filthy; dirty. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Clary \Clar"y\, v. i. [Cf. {Clarion}.]
To make a loud or shrill noise. [Obs.] --Golding.
Clary \Cla"ry\, n. [Cf. LL. sclarea, scarlea, D. & G. scharlei,
F. sclar['e]e.] (Bot.)
A plant ({Salvia sclarea}) of the Sage family, used in
flavoring soups.
{Clary water}, a composition of clary flowers with brandy,
etc., formerly used as a cardiac.
Clash \Clash\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Clashed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clashing}.] [Of imitative origin; cf. G. klatschen, Prov. G.
kleschen, D. kletsen, Dan. klaske, E. clack.]
1. To make a noise by striking against something; to dash
noisily together.
2. To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary direction; to
come onto collision; to interfere.
However some of his interests might clash with those
of the chief adjacent colony. --Palfrey.
Clash \Clash\, v. t.
To strike noisily against or together.
Clash \Clash\ n.
1. A loud noise resulting from collision; a noisy collision
of bodies; a collision.
The roll of cannon and clash of arms. --Tennyson.
2. Opposition; contradiction; as between differing or
contending interests, views, purposes, etc.
Clashes between popes and kings. --Denham.
Clashingly \Clash"ing*ly\, adv.
With clashing.
Clasp \Clasp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clasped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clasping}] [OE. claspen, clapsen, prob. akin to E. clap.]
1. To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a clasp; to
shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a
clasp).
2. To inclose and hold in the hand or with the arms; to
grasp; to embrace.
3. To surround and cling to; to entwine about. ``Clasping
ivy.'' --Milton.
Clasp \Clasp\, n.
1. An adjustable catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding
together two objects or the parts of anything, as the ends
of a belt, the covers of a book, etc.
2. A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around; a
grasping, as with the hand.
{Clasp knife}, a large knife, the blade of which folds or
shuts into the handle.
{Clasp lock}, a lock which closes or secures itself by means
of a spring.
Clasper \Clasp"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. ``The
claspers of vines.'' --Derham.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of a pair of organs used by the male for grasping
the female among many of the Crustacea.
(b) One of a pair of male copulatory organs, developed on
the anterior side of the ventral fins of sharks and
other elasmobranchs. See Illust. of {Chim[ae]ra}.
Claspered \Clasp"ered\, a.
Furnished with tendrils.
Class \Class\ (kl[.a]s), n. [F. classe, fr. L. classis class,
collection, fleet; akin to Gr. klh^sis a calling, kalei^n to
call, E. claim, haul.]
1. A group of individuals ranked together as possessing
common characteristics; as, the different classes of
society; the educated class; the lower classes.
2. A number of students in a school or college, of the same
standing, or pursuing the same studies.
3. A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate objects,
grouped together on account of their common
characteristics, in any classification in natural science,
and subdivided into orders, families, tribes, genera, etc.
4. A set; a kind or description, species or variety.
She had lost one class energies. --Macaulay.
5. (Methodist Church) One of the sections into which a church
or congregation is divided, and which is under the
supervision of a class leader.
{Class of a curve} (Math.), the kind of a curve as expressed
by the number of tangents that can be drawn from any point
to the curve. A circle is of the second class.
{Class meeting} (Methodist Church), a meeting of a class
under the charge of a class leader, for counsel and
relegious instruction.
Class \Class\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Classed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Classing}.] [Cf. F. classer. See {Class}, n.]
1. To arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class;
as, to class words or passages.
Note: In scientific arrangement, to classify is used instead
of to class. --Dana.
2. To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or
place in, a class or classes.
Class \Class\, v. i.
To grouped or classed.
The genus or famiky under which it classes. --Tatham.
Classible \Class"i*ble\, a.
Capable of being classed.
Classic \Clas"sic\, Classical \Clas"sic*al\, a. [L. classicus
relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially
to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from
classis class: cf. F. classique. See {Class}, n.]
1. Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in
literature or art.
Give, as thy last memorial to the age, One classic
drama, and reform the stage. --Byron.
Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a classical
author on this subject [Roman weights and coins].
--Arbuthnot.
2. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, esp. to
Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the
period when their best literature was produced; of or
pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and
Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds.
Though throned midst Latium's classic plains. --Mrs.
Hemans.
The epithet classical, as applied to ancient
authors, is determined less by the purity of their
style than by the period at which they wrote.
--Brande & C.
He [Atterbury] directed the classical studies of the
undergraduates of his college. --Macaulay.
3. Conforming to the best authority in literature and art;
chaste; pure; refined; as, a classical style.
Classical, provincial, and national synods.
--Macaulay.
{Classicals orders}. (Arch.) See under {Order}.
Classic \Clas"sic\, n.
1. A work of acknowledged excellence and authority, or its
author; -- originally used of Greek and Latin works or
authors, but now applied to authors and works of a like
character in any language.
In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate
English classic. --Macaulay.
2. One learned in the literature of Greece and Rome, or a
student of classical literature.
Classicalism \Clas"sic*al*ism\, n.
1. A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.
2. Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be the
classical canons of art.
Classicalist \Clas"sic*al*ist\, n.
One who adheres to what he thinks the classical canons of
art. --Ruskin.
Classicality \Clas`si*cal"i*ty\, Classicalness
\Clas"sic*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being classical.
Classically \Clas"sic*al*ly\, adv.
1. In a classical manner; according to the manner of
classical authors.
2. In the manner of classes; according to a regular order of
classes or sets.
Classicism \Clas"si*cism\, n.
A classic idiom or expression; a classicalism. --C. Kingsley.
Classicist \Clas"si*cist\, n.
One learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.
Classifiable \Clas"si*fi`a*ble\, a.
Capable of being classified.
Classific \Clas*sif"ic\, a.
Characterizing a class or classes; relating to
classification.
Classification \Clas`si*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. classification.]
The act of forming into a class or classes; a distibution
into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to
some common relations or affinities.
{Artificial classification}. (Science) See under
{Artifitial}.
Classificatory \Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to classification; admitting of classification.
``A classificatory system.'' --Earle.
Classifier \Clas"si*fi`er\, n.
One who classifies.
Classify \Clas"si*fy\, v. t. [imp. & pp. {Classified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Classifying}.] [L. classis class + ?]
To distribute into classes; to arrange according to a system;
to arrange in sets according to some method founded on common
properties or characters.
Syn: To arrange; distibute; rank.
Classis \Clas"sis\, n.; pl. {Classes}. [L. See {Class}, n.]
1. A class or order; sort; kind. [Obs.]
His opinion of that classis of men. --Clarendon.
2. (Eccl.) An ecclesiastical body or judicatory in certain
churches, as the Reformed Dutch. It is intermediate
between the consistory and the synod, and corresponds to
the presbytery in the Presbyterian church.
Classman \Class"man\, n.; pl. {Classmen}.
1. A member of a class; a classmate.
2. A candidate for graduation in arts who is placed in an
honor class, as opposed to a passman, who is not
classified. [Oxford, Eng.]
Classmate \Class"mate`\, n.
One who is in the same class with another, as at school or
college.
Clastic \Clas"tic\, a. [Gr. ? br?, fr. ? to break.]
1. Pertaining to what may be taken apart; as, clastic anatomy
(of models).
2. (Min.) Fragmental; made up of brok? fragments; as,
sandstone is a clastic rock.
Clathrate \Clath"rate\ (kl[a^]th"r[asl]t), a. [L. clathri
lattice, Gr. klh,qra.]
1. (Bot.) Shaped like a lattice; cancellate. --Gray.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having the surface marked with raised lines
resembling a lattice, as many shells.
Clatter \Clat"ter\ (kl[a^]t"t[~e]r), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Clattered} (-t[~e]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Clattering}.] [AS.
clatrung a rattle, akin to D. klateren to rattle. Cf.
{Clack}.]
1. To make a rattling sound by striking hard bodies together;
to make a succession of abrupt, rattling sounds.
Clattering loud with iron clank. --Longfellow.
2. To talk fast and noisily; to rattle with the tongue.
I see thou dost but clatter. --Spenser.
Clatter \Clat"ter\, v. t.
To make a rattling noise with.
You clatter still your brazen kettle. --Swift.
Clatter \Clat"ter\, n.
1. A rattling noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard
bodies; also, any loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of
abrupt sounds.
The goose let fall a golden egg With cackle and with
clatter. --Tennyson.
2. Commotion; disturbance. ``Those mighty feats which made
such a clatter in story.''
--Barrow.
3. Rapid, noisy talk; babble; chatter. ``Hold still thy
clatter.'' --Towneley Myst. (15 th Cent. ).
Throw by your clatter And handle the matter. --B.
Jonson
Clatterer \Clat"ter*er\, n.
One who clatters.
Clatteringly \Clat"ter*ing*ly\, adv.
With clattering.
Claude Lorraine glass \Claude" Lor*raine" glass`\ [Its name is
supposed to be derived from the similarity of the effects it
gives to those of a picture by Claude Lorrain (often written
Lorraine).]
A slightly convex mirror, commonly of black glass, used as a
toy for viewing the reflected landscape.
Claudent \Clau"dent\, a. [L. claudens, p. pr. of claudere to
shut.]
Shutting; confining; drawing together; as, a claudent muscle.
[R.] --Jonson
Claudicant \Clau"di*cant\, a. [L. claudicans, p. pr. of
claudicare to limp, fr. claudus lame.]
Limping. [R.]
Claudication \Clau`di*ca"tion\, n. [L. claudicatio.]
A halting or limping. [R.] --Tatler.
Clause \Clause\, n. [F. clause, LL. clausa, equiv. to L.
clausula clause, prop., close of ? rhetorical period, close,
fr. claudere to shut, to end. See {Close}.]
1. A separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or
sentence; an article, stipulation, or proviso, in a legal
document.
The usual attestation clause to a will. --Bouvier.
2. (Gram.) A subordinate portion or a subdivision of a
sentence containing a subject and its predicate.
Clause \Clause\, n. [Obs.]
See {Letters clause or close}, under {Letter}.
Claustral \Claus"tral\, a. [F., fr. LL. claustralis, fr. L.
claustrum. See {Cloister}.]
Cloistral. --Ayliffe
Claustrum \Claus"trum\, n.; pl. {Claustra}. [L., a bolt or bar.]
(Anat.)
A thin lamina of gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere of
the brain of man. -- {Claus"tral}, a.
Clausular \Clau"su*lar\ (?; 135), a. [From L. clausula. See
{Clause}, n.]
Consisting of, or having, clauses. --Smart.
Clausure \Clau"sure\ (?; 135), n. [L. clausura. See {Closure}.]
The act of shutting up or confining; confinement. [R.]
--Geddes.
Clavate \Cla"vate\, Clavated \Cla"va*ted\, a. [L. clava club.]
(Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Club-shaped; having the form of a club; growing gradually
thicker toward the top.
Note: [See Illust. of {Antennae}.]
Clave \Clave\,
imp. of {Cleave}. [Obs.]
Clavecin \Clav"e*cin\, n. [F.]
The harpsichord.
Clavel \Cla"vel\, n.
See {Clevis}.
Clavellate \Clav"el*late\, a.
See {Clavate}.
Clavellated \Clav"el*la`ted\, a. [Cf. LL. cineres clavelatti
ashes of burnt lees or dregs of wine, F. clavel an inferior
sort of soda, E. clavate.] (Old Chem.)
Said of potash, probably in reference to its having been
obtained from billets of wood by burning. [Obs.]
Claver \Clav"er\, n. [Obs.]
See {Clover}. --Holland.
Claver \Clav"er\, n.
Frivolous or nonsensical talk; prattle; chattering. [Scot. &
North of Eng.]
Emmy found herself entirely at a loss in the midst of
their clavers. --Thackeray.
Clavichord \Clav"i*chord\, n. [F. clavicorde, fr. L. clavis key
+ chorda string.] (Mus.)
A keyed stringed instrument, now superseded by the
pianoforte. See {Clarichord}.
Clavicle \Clav"i*cle\, n. [F. clavicule, fr. L. clavicula a
little key, tendril, dim. of clavis key, akin to claudere to
shut. See {Close}, and cf. {Clef}.] (Anat.)
The collar bone, which is joined at one end to the scapula,
or shoulder blade, and at the other to the sternum, or
breastbone. In man each clavicle is shaped like the letter ?,
and is situated just above the first rib on either side of
the neck. In birds the two clavicles are united ventrally,
forming the merrythought, or wishbone.
Clavicorn \Clav"i*corn\, a. [Cf. F. clavicorne.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having club-shaped antenn[ae]. See {Antenn[ae]} -- n. One of
the Clavicornes.
Clavicornes \Clav`i*cor"nes\, n. pl. [NL.; Fr. L. clava club +
cornu horn.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of beetles having club-shaped antenn[ae].
Clavicular \Cla*vic"u*lar\, a. [Cf. F. claviculaire. See
{Clavicle}.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the clavicle.
Clavier \Cla"vi*er\ (? F. ?), n. [F., fr. L. clavis key.] (Mus.)
The keyboard of an organ, pianoforte, or harmonium.
Note: Clavier (?) is the German name for a pianoforte.
Claviform \Clav"i*form\, a. [L. clava club + -form.] (Bot.)
Club-shaped; clavate. --Craig.
Claviger \Clav"i*ger\, n. [L., fr. clavis key + gerere to
carry.]
One who carries the keys of any place.
Claviger \Clav"i*ger\, n. [L., fr. clava club + gerere to
carry.]
One who carries a club; a club bearer.
Clavigerous \Cla*vig"er*ous\, a.
Bearing a club or a key.
Clavis \Cla"vis\, n.; pl. L. {Claves}, E. {Clavises}. [L.]
A key; a glossary.
Clavus \Cla"vus\, n. [L., a nail.]
A callous growth, esp. one the foot; a corn.
Clavy \Cla"vy\, n.; pl. {Clavies}. [Cf. F. claveau centerpiece
of an arch.] (Arch.)
A mantelpiece.
Claw \Claw\, n. [AS. clawu, cl[=a], cle['o]; akin to D. klaauw,
G. Klaue, Icel. kl[=o], SW. & Dan. klo, and perh. to E.
clew.]
1. A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or bird.
2. The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked nails; the
pinchers of a lobster, crab, etc.
3. Anything resembling the claw of an animal, as the curved
and forked end of a hammer for drawing nails.
4. (Bot.) A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw,
as the base of petals of the pink. --Gray.
{Claw hammer}, a hammer with one end of the metallic head
cleft for use in extracting nails, etc.
{Claw hammer coat}, a dress coat of the swallowtail pattern.
[Slang]
{Claw sickness}, foot rot, a disease affecting sheep.
Claw \Claw\ (kl[add]), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clawed} (kl[add]d);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Clawing}.] [AS. clawan. See {Claw}, n.]
1. To pull, tear, or scratch with, or as with, claws or
nails.
2. To relieve from some uneasy sensation, as by scratching;
to tickle; hence, to flatter; to court. [Obs.]
Rich men they claw, soothe up, and flatter; the poor
they contemn and despise. --Holland.
3. To rail at; to scold. [Obs.]
In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth
the great monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion,
thanks be to God, is right well kept and observed;
though he claweth them soon after in another
acceptation. --T. Fuller
{Claw me, claw thee}, stand by me and I will stand by you; --
an old proverb. --Tyndale.
{To claw away}, to scold or revile. ``The jade Fortune is to
be clawed away for it, if you should lose it.''
--L'Estrange.
{To claw (one) on the back}, to tickle; to express
approbation. (Obs.) --Chaucer.
{To claw (one) on the gall}, to find fault with; to vex.
[Obs.] --Chaucer.
Claw \Claw\, v. i.
To scrape, scratch, or dig with a claw, or with the hand as a
claw. ``Clawing [in ash barrels] for bits of coal.'' --W. D.
Howells.
{To claw off} (Naut.), to turn to windward and beat, to
prevent falling on a lee shore.
Clawback \Claw"back`\, n.
A flatterer or sycophant. [Obs.] ``Take heed of these
clawbacks.'' --Latimer.
Clawback \Claw"back`\, a.
Flattering; sycophantic. [Obs.]
Like a clawback parasite. --Bp. Hall.
Clawback \Claw"back`\, v. t.
To flatter. [Obs.] --Warner.
Clawed \Clawed\, a.
Furnished with claws. --N. Grew.
Clawless \Claw"less\, a.
Destitute of claws.
Clay \Clay\ (kl[=a]), n. [AS. cl[=ae]g; akin to LG. klei, D.
klei, and perh. to AS. cl[=a]m clay, L. glus, gluten glue,
Gr. gloio`s glutinous substance, E. glue. Cf. {Clog}.]
1. A soft earth, which is plastic, or may be molded with the
hands, consisting of hydrous silicate of aluminium. It is
the result of the wearing down and decomposition, in part,
of rocks containing aluminous minerals, as granite. Lime,
magnesia, oxide of iron, and other ingredients, are often
present as impurities.
2. (Poetry & Script.) Earth in general, as representing the
elementary particles of the human body; hence, the human
body as formed from such particles.
I also am formed out of the clay. --Job xxxiii.
6.
The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which
her own clay shall cover. --Byron.
{Bowlder clay}. See under {Bowlder}.
{Brick clay}, the common clay, containing some iron, and
therefore turning red when burned.
{Clay cold}, cold as clay or earth; lifeless; inanimate.
{Clay ironstone}, an ore of iron consisting of the oxide or
carbonate of iron mixed with clay or sand.
{Clay marl}, a whitish, smooth, chalky clay.
{Clay mill}, a mill for mixing and tempering clay; a pug
mill.
{Clay pit}, a pit where clay is dug.
{Clay slate} (Min.), argillaceous schist; argillite.
{Fatty clays}, clays having a greasy feel; they are chemical
compounds of water, silica, and aluminia, as {halloysite},
{bole}, etc.
{Fire clay}, a variety of clay, entirely free from lime,
iron, or an alkali, and therefore infusible, and used for
fire brick.
{Porcelain clay}, a very pure variety, formed directly from
the decomposition of feldspar, and often called {kaolin}.
{Potter's clay}, a tolerably pure kind, free from iron.
Clay \Clay\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clayed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Claying}.]
1. To cover or manure with clay.
2. To clarify by filtering through clay, as sugar.
Clay-brained \Clay"-brained`\, a.
Stupid. [Obs.] --Shak.
Clayes \Clayes\, n. pl. [F. claie hurdle.] (Fort.)
Wattles, or hurdles, made with stakes interwoven with osiers,
to cover lodgments. [Obs.]
Clayey \Clay"ey\, a.
Consisting of clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay;
like clay.
Clayish \Clay"ish\, a.
Partaking of the nature of clay, or containing particles of
it.
Claymore \Clay"more`\, n. [Gael. claidheamhmor a broadsword;
Gael. claidheamh sword + mor great, large. Cf. {Claymore}.]
A large two-handed sword used formerly by the Scottish
Highlanders.
Claytonia \Clay*to"ni*a\, n. [Named after Dr.John Clayton, an
American botanist.] (Bot.)
An American genus of perennial herbs with delicate blossoms;
-- sometimes called {spring beauty}.
Cleading \Clead"ing\, n. [Scot., clothing. See {Cloth}.]
1. A jacket or outer covering of wood, etc., to prevent
radiation of heat, as from the boiler, cylinder. etc., of
a steam engine.
2. The planking or boarding of a shaft, cofferdam, etc.
Clean \Clean\, a. [Compar. {Cleaner}; superl. {Cleanest}.] [OE.
clene, AS. cl?ne; akin to OHG. chleini pure, neat, graceful,
small, G. klein small, and perh. to W. glan clean, pure,
bright; all perh. from a primitive, meaning bright, shining.
Cf. {Glair}.]
1. Free from dirt or filth; as, clean clothes.
2. Free from that which is useless or injurious; without
defects; as, clean land; clean timber.
3. Free from awkwardness; not bungling; adroit; dexterous;
as, aclean trick; a clean leap over a fence.
4. Free from errors and vulgarisms; as, a clean style.
5. Free from restraint or neglect; complete; entire.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt
not make clean riddance of corners of thy field.
--Lev. xxiii.
22.
6. Free from moral defilement; sinless; pure.
Create in me a clean heart, O God. --Ps. li. 10
That I am whole, and clean, and meet for Heaven
--Tennyson.
7. (Script.) Free from ceremonial defilement.
8. Free from that which is corrupting to the morals; pure in
tone; healthy. ``Lothair is clean.'' --F. Harrison.
9. Well-proportioned; shapely; as, clean limbs.
{A clean bill of health}, a certificate from the proper
authority that a ship is free from infection.
{Clean breach}. See under {Breach}, n., 4.
{To make a clean breast}. See under {Breast}.
Clean \Clean\, adv.
1. Without limitation or remainder; quite; perfectly; wholly;
entirely. ``Domestic broils clean overblown.'' --Shak.
``Clean contrary.'' --Milton.
All the people were passed clean over Jordan.
--Josh. iii.
17.
2. Without miscarriage; not bunglingly; dexterously. [Obs.]
``Pope came off clean with Homer.'' --Henley.
Clean \Clean\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cleaned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cleaning}.] [See {Clean}, a., and cf. {Cleanse}.]
To render clean; to free from whatever is foul, offensive, or
extraneous; to purify; to cleanse.
{To clean out}, to exhaust; to empty; to get away from (one)
all his money. [Colloq.] --De Quincey.
Clean-cut \Clean"-cut`\, a.
See {Clear-cut}.
Cleaner \Clean"er\, n.
One who, or that which, cleans.
Cleaning \Clean"ing\, n.
1. The act of making clean.
2. The afterbirth of cows, ewes, etc. --Gardner.
Cleanlily \Clean"li*ly\, adv.
In a cleanly manner.
Clean-limbed \Clean"-limbed`\, a.
With well-proportioned, unblemished limbs; as, a clean-limbed
young fellow. --Dickens.
Cleanliness \Clean"li*ness\, n. [From {Cleanly}.]
State of being cleanly; neatness of person or dress.
Cleanliness from head to heel. --Swift.
Cleanly \Clean"ly\, a. [Compar. {Cleanlier}; superl.
{Cleanliest}.] [From {Clean}.]
1. Habitually clean; pure; innocent. ``Cleanly joys.''
--Glanvill.
Some plain but cleanly country maid. --Dryden.
Displays her cleanly platter on the board.
--Goldsmith.
2. Cleansing; fitted to remove moisture; dirt, etc. [Obs.]
``With cleanly powder dry their hair.'' --Prior.
3. Adroit; skillful; dexterous; artful. [Obs.]
Through his fine handling and his cleanly play.
--Spenser.
Cleanly \Clean"ly\, adv.
1. In a clean manner; neatly.
He was very cleanly dressed. --Dickens.
2. Innocently; without stain. --Shak.
3. Adroitly; dexterously. --Middleton.
Cleanness \Clean"ness\, n. [AS. cl?nnes. See {Clean}.]
1. The state or quality of being clean.
2. Purity of life or language; freedom from licentious
courses. --Chaucer.
Cleansable \Cleans"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being cleansed. --Sherwood.
Cleanse \Cleanse\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cleansed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cleansing}.] [AS. cl[=ae]nsian, fr. cl[=ae]ne clean. See
{Clean}.]
To render clean; to free from fith, pollution, infection,
guilt, etc.; to clean.
If we walk in the light . . . the blood of Jesus Christ
his son cleanseth us from all sin. --1 John i. 7.
Can'st thou not minister to a mind diseased, And with
some sweet oblivious antidote Cleanse the suffed bosom
of that perilous stuff Which weighs upon the heart?
--Shak.
Cleanser \Cleans"er\, n. [AS. cl[=ae]nsere.]
One who, or that which, cleanses; a detergent. --Arbuthnot.
Clean-timbered \Clean"-tim`bered\, a.
Well-proportioned; symmetrical. [Poetic] --Shak.
Clear \Clear\ (kl[=e]r), a. [Compar. {Clearer} (-[~e]r); superl.
{Clearest}.] [OE. cler, cleer, OF. cler, F. clair, fr.L.
clarus, clear, broght, loud, distinct, renownwd; perh. akin
to L. clamare to call, E. claim. Cf. {Chanticleer},
{Clairvoyant}, {Claret}, {Clarufy}.]
1. Free from opaqueness; transparent; bright; light;
luminous; unclouded.
The stream is so transparent, pure, and clear.
--Denham.
Fair as the moon, clear as the sun. --Canticles
vi. 10.
2. Free from ambiguity or indistinctness; lucid; perspicuous;
plain; evident; manifest; indubitable.
One truth is clear; whatever is, is right. --Pope.
3. Able to perceive clearly; keen; acute; penetrating;
discriminating; as, a clear intellect; a clear head.
Mother of science! now I feel thy power Within me
clear, not only to discern Things in their causes,
but to trace the ways Of highest agents. --Milton.
4. Not clouded with passion; serene; cheerful.
With a countenance as clear As friendship wears at
feasts. --Shak.
5. Easily or distinctly heard; audible; canorous.
Hark! the numbers soft and clear Gently steal upon
the ear. --Pope.
6. Without mixture; entirely pure; as, clear sand.
7. Without defect or blemish, such as freckles or knots; as,
a clear complexion; clear lumber.
8. Free from guilt or stain; unblemished.
Statesman, yet friend to truth! in soul sincere, In
action faithful, and in honor clear. --Pope.
9. Without diminution; in full; net; as, clear profit.
I often wished that I had clear, For life, six
hundred pounds a-year. --Swift
.
10. Free from impediment or obstruction; unobstructed; as, a
clear view; to keep clear of debt.
My companion . . . left the way clear for him.
--Addison.
11. Free from embarrassment; detention, etc.
The cruel corporal whispered in my ear, Five
pounds, if rightly tipped, would set me clear.
--Gay.
{Clear breach}. See under {Breach}, n., 4.
{Clear days} (Law.), days reckoned from one day to another,
excluding both the first and last day; as, from Sunday to
Sunday there are six clear days.
{Clear stuff}, boards, planks, etc., free from knots.
Syn: Manifest; pure; unmixed; pellucid; transparent;
luminous; obvious; visible; plain; evident; apparent;
distinct; perspicuous. See {Manifest}.
Clear \Clear\ (kl[=e]r), n. (Carp.)
Full extent; distance between extreme limits; especially; the
distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies, or the
space between walls; as, a room ten feet square in the clear.
Clear \Clear\, adv.
1. In a clear manner; plainly.
Now clear I understand What oft . . . thoughts have
searched in vain. --Milton.
2. Without limitation; wholly; quite; entirely; as, to cut a
piece clear off.
Clear \Clear\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cleared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clearing}.]
1. To render bright, transparent, or undimmed; to free from
clouds.
He sweeps the skies and clears the cloudy north.
--Dryden.
2. To free from impurities; to clarify; to cleanse.
3. To free from obscurity or ambiguity; to relive of
perplexity; to make perspicuous.
Many knotty points there are Which all discuss, but
few can clear. --Prior.
4. To render more quick or acute, as the understanding; to
make perspicacious.
Our common prints would clear up their
understandings. --Addison
5. To free from impediment or incumbrance, from defilement,
or from anything injurious, useless, or offensive; as, to
clear land of trees or brushwood, or from stones; to clear
the sight or the voice; to clear one's self from debt; --
often used with of, off, away, or out.
Clear your mind of cant. --Dr. Johnson.
A statue lies hid in a block of marble; and the art
of the statuary only clears away the superfluous
matter. --Addison.
6. To free from the imputation of guilt; to justify,
vindicate, or acquit; -- often used with from before the
thing imputed.
I . . . am sure he will clear me from partiality.
--Dryden.
How! wouldst thou clear rebellion? --Addison.
7. To leap or pass by, or over, without touching or failure;
as, to clear a hedge; to clear a reef.
8. To gain without deduction; to net.
The profit which she cleared on the cargo.
--Macaulay.
{To clear a ship at the customhouse}, to exhibit the
documents required by law, give bonds, or perform other
acts requisite, and procure a permission to sail, and such
papers as the law requires.
{To clear a ship for action}, or {To clear for action}
(Naut.), to remove incumbrances from the decks, and
prepare for an engagement.
{To clear the land} (Naut.), to gain such a distance from
shore as to have sea room, and be out of danger from the
land.
{To clear hawse} (Naut.), to disentangle the cables when
twisted.
{To clear up}, to explain; to dispel, as doubts, cares or
fears.
Clear \Clear\ (kl[=e]r), v. i.
1. To become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; --
often followed by up, off, or away.
So foul a sky clears not without a storm. --Shak.
Advise him to stay till the weather clears up.
--Swift.
2. To disengage one's self from incumbrances, distress, or
entanglements; to become free. [Obs.]
He that clears at once will relapse; for finding
himself out of straits, he will revert to his
customs; but he that cleareth by degrees induceth a
habit of frugality. --Bacon.
3. (Banking) To make exchanges of checks and bills, and
settle balances, as is done in a clearing house.
4. To obtain a clearance; as, the steamer cleared for
Liverpool to-day.
{To clear out}, to go or run away; to depart. [Colloq.]
Clearage \Clear"age\, n.
The act of removing anything; clearance. [R.]
Clearance \Clear"ance\ (-ans), n.
1. The act of clearing; as, to make a thorough clearance.
2. A certificate that a ship or vessel has been cleared at
the customhouse; permission to sail.
Every ship was subject to seizure for want of
stamped clearances. --Durke
3. Clear or net profit. --Trollope.
4. (Mach.) The distance by which one object clears another,
as the distance between the piston and cylinder head at
the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the least
distance between the point of a cogwheel tooth and the
bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with which it
engages.
{Clearance space} (Steam engine), the space inclosed in one
end of the cylinder, between the valve or valves and the
piston, at the beginning of a stroke; waste room. It
includes the space caused by the piston's clearance and
the space in ports, passageways, etc. Its volume is often
expressed as a certain proportion of the volume swept by
the piston in a single stroke.
Clear-cut \Clear"-cut`\, a.
1. Having a sharp, distinct outline, like that of a cameo.
She has . . . a cold and clear-cut face. --Tennyson.
2. Concisely and distinctly expressed.
Clearedness \Clear"ed*ness\, n.
The quality of being cleared.
Imputed by his friends to the clearedness, by his foes
to the searedness, of his conscience. --T. Fuller.
Clearer \Clear"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, clears.
Gold is a wonderful clearer of the understanding.
--Addison.
2. (Naut.) A tool of which the hemp for lines and twines,
used by sailmakers, is finished.
Clear-headed \Clear"-head`ed\, a.
Having a clear understanding; quick of perception;
intelligent. ``He was laborious and clear-headed.''
--Macaulay. -- {Clear"-head`ed*ness}, n.
Clearing \Clear"ing\, n.
1. The act or process of making clear.
The better clearing of this point. --South.
2. A tract of land cleared of wood for cultivation.
A lonely clearing on the shores of Moxie Lake. --J.
Burroughs.
3. A method adopted by banks and bankers for making an
exchange of checks held by each against the others, and
settling differences of accounts.
Note: In England, a similar method has been adopted by
railroads for adjusting their accounts with each other.
4. The gross amount of the balances adjusted in the clearing
house.
{Clearing house}, the establishment where the business of
clearing is carried on. See {above}, {3}.
Clearly \Clear"ly\, adv.
In a clear manner.
Clearness \Clear"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being clear.
Syn: {Clearness}, {Perspicuity}.
Usage: Clearness has reference to our ideas, and springs from
a distinct conception of the subject under
consideration. Perspicuity has reference to the mode
of expressing our ideas and belongs essentially to
style. Hence we speak of a writer as having clear
ideas, a clear arrangement, and perspicuous
phraseology. We do at times speak of a person's having
great clearness of style; but in such cases we are
usually thinking of the clearness of his ideas as
manifested in language. ``Whenever men think clearly,
and are thoroughly interested, they express themselves
with perspicuity and force.'' --Robertson.
Clear-seeing \Clear"-see`ing\, a.
Having a clear physical or mental vision; having a clear
understanding.
Clear-shining \Clear"-shin`ing\, a.
Shining brightly. --Shak.
Clear-sighted \Clear"-sight`ed\, a.
Seeing with clearness; discerning; as, clear-sighted reason
Clear-sightedness \Clear"-sight`ed*ness\, n.
Acute discernment.
Clearstarch \Clear"starch`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Clearstarched}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Clearstraching}.]
To stiffen with starch, and then make clear by clapping with
the hands; as, to clearstarch muslin.
Clearstarcher \Clear"starch`er\, n.
One who clearstarches.
Clearstory \Clear"sto`ry\, Clerestory \Clere"sto`ry\, n. (Arch.)
The upper story of the nave of a church, containing windows,
and rising above the aisle roofs.
Clearwing \Clear"wing`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A lepidopterous insect with partially transparent wings, of
the family [AE]geriad[ae], of which the currant and
peach-tree borers are examples.
Cleat \Cleat\ (kl[=e]t), n. [OE. clete wedge; cf. D. kloot ball,
Ger. kloss, klotz, lump. clod, MHG. kl[=o]z lump, ball,
wedge, OHG. chl[=o]z ball, round mass.]
1. (Carp.) A strip of wood or iron fastened on transversely
to something in order to give strength, prevent warping,
hold position, etc.
2. (Naut.) A device made of wood or metal, having two arms,
around which turns may be taken with a line or rope so as
to hold securely and yet be readily released. It is bolted
by the middle to a deck or mast, etc., or it may be lashed
to a rope.
Cleat \Cleat\, v. t.
To strengthen with a cleat.
Cleavable \Cleav"a*ble\, a.
Capable of cleaving or being divided.
Cleavage \Cleav"age\, n.
1. The act of cleaving or splitting.
2. (Crystallog.) The quality possessed by many crystallized
substances of splitting readily in one or more definite
directions, in which the cohesive attraction is a minimum,
affording more or less smooth surfaces; the direction of
the dividing plane; a fragment obtained by cleaving, as of
a diamond. See {Parting}.
3. (Geol.) Division into lamin[ae], like slate, with the
lamination not necessarily parallel to the plane of
deposition; -- usually produced by pressure.
{Basal cleavage}, cleavage parallel to the base of a crystal,
or to the plane of the lateral axes.
{Cell cleavage} (Biol.), multiplication of cells by fission.
See {Segmentation}.
{Cubic cleavage}, cleavage parallel to the faces of a cube.
{Diagonal cleavage}, cleavage parallel to ta diagonal plane.
{Egg clavage}. (Biol.) See {Segmentation}.
{Lateral cleavage}, cleavage parallel to the lateral planes.
{Octahedral, Dodecahedral, or Rhombohedral, {cleavage},
cleavage parallel to the faces of an octahedron,
dodecahedron, or rhombohedron.
{Prismatic cleavage}, cleavage parallel to a vertical prism.
Cleave \Cleave\ (kl[=e]v), v. i. [imp. {Cleaved} (kl[=e]vd),
{Clave} (kl[=a]v, Obs.); p. p. {Cleaved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cleaving}.] [OE. cleovien, clivien, cliven, AS. cleofian,
clifian; akin to OS. klib[=o]n, G. kleben, LG. kliven, D.
kleven, Dan. kl[ae]be, Sw. klibba, and also to G. kleiben to
cleve, paste, Icel. kl[=i]fa to climb. Cf. {Climb}.]
1. To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast; to cling.
My bones cleave to my skin. --Ps. cii. 5.
The diseases of Egypt . . . shall cleave unto thee.
--Deut.
xxviii. 60.
Sophistry cleaves close to and protects Sin's rotten
trunk, concealing its defects. --Cowper.
2. To unite or be united closely in interest or affection; to
adhere with strong attachment.
Therefore shall a man leave his father and his
mother, and shall cleave unto his wife. --Gen. ii.
24.
Cleave unto the Lord your God. --Josh. xxiii.
8.
3. To fit; to be adapted; to assimilate. [Poetic.]
New honors come upon him, Like our strange garments,
cleave not to their mold But with the aid of use.
--Shak.
Cleave \Cleave\ (kl[=e]v), v. t. [imp. {Cleft} (kl[e^]ft),
{Clave} (kl[=a]v, Obs.), {Clove} (kl[=o]v, Obsolescent); p.
p. {Cleft}, {Cleaved} (kl[=e]vd) or {Cloven} (kl[=o]"v'n); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cleaving}.] [OE. cleoven, cleven, AS.
cle['o]fan; akin to OS. klioban, D. klooven, G. klieben,
Icel. klj[=u]fa, Sw. klyfva, Dan. kl["o]ve and prob. to Gr.
gly`fein to carve, L. glubere to peel. Cf. {Cleft}.]
1. To part or divide by force; to split or rive; to cut.
O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain. --Shak.
2. To part or open naturally; to divide.
Every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the
cleft into two claws. --Deut. xiv.
6.
Cleave \Cleave\, v. i.
To part; to open; to crack; to separate; as parts of bodies;
as, the ground cleaves by frost.
The Mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst. --Zech.
xiv. 4.
Cleavelandite \Cleave"land*ite\, n. [From Professor Parker
Cleaveland.] (Min.)
A variety of albite, white and lamellar in structure.
Cleaver \Cleav"er\, n.
One who cleaves, or that which cleaves; especially, a
butcher's instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints or
pieces.
Cleavers \Cleav"ers\, n. [From {Cleave} to stick.] (Bot.)
A species of {Galium} ({G. Aparine}), having a fruit set with
hooked bristles, which adhere to whatever they come in
contact with; -- called also, {goose grass}, {catchweed},
etc.
Cl'ech'e \Cl['e]`ch['e]"\, a. [F. cl['e]ch['e].] (Her.)
Charged with another bearing of the same figure, and of the
color of the field, so large that only a narrow border of the
first bearing remains visible; -- said of any heraldic
bearing. Compare {Voided}.
Clechy \Cle"chy\, a.
See {Cl['e]ch['e]}.
Cledge \Cledge\, n. [Cf. {Clay}.] (Mining.)
The upper stratum of fuller's earth.
Cledgy \Cledg"y\, a.
Stiff, stubborn, clayey, or tenacious; as, a cledgy soil.
--Halliwell.
Clee \Clee\ (kl[=e]), n.
A claw. [Obs.] --Holland.
Clee \Clee\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The redshank.
Clef \Clef\ (kl[e^]f; 277), n. [F. clef key, a key in music, fr.
L. clavis key. See {Clavicle}.] (Mus.)
A character used in musical notation to determine the
position and pitch of the scale as represented on the staff.
Note: The clefs are three in number, called the C, F, and G
clefs, and are probably corruptions or modifications of
these letters. They indicate that the letters of
absolute pitch belonging to the lines upon which they
are placed, are respectively C, F, and G. The F or bass
clef, and the G or treble clef, are fixed in their
positions upon the staff. The C clef may have three
positions. It may be placed upon the first or lower
line of the staff, in which case it is called soprano
clef, upon the third line, in which case it called alto
clef, or upon the fourth line, in which case tenor
clef. It rarely or never is placed upon the second
line, except in ancient music. See other forms of C
clef under C, 2.
{Alto clef}, {Bass clef}. See under {Alto}, {Bass}.
Cleft \Cleft\ (kl[e^]ft),
imp. & p. p. from {Cleave}.
Cleft \Cleft\, a.
1. Divided; split; partly divided or split.
2. (Bot.) Incised nearly to the midrib; as, a cleft leaf.
Cleft \Cleft\, n. [OE. clift; cf. Sw. klyft cave, den, Icel.
kluft cleft, Dan. kl["o]ft, G. kluft. See {Cleave} to split
and cf. 2d {Clift}, 1st {Clough}.]
1. A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a crevice;
as, the cleft of a rock. --Is. ii. 21.
2. A piece made by splitting; as, a cleft of wood.
3. (Far.) A disease in horses; a crack on the band of the
pastern.
{Branchial clefts}. See under {Branchial}.
Syn: Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.
Cleft-footed \Cleft"-foot`ed\, a.
Having a cloven foot.
Cleftgraft \Cleft"graft`\, v. t.
To ingraft by cleaving the stock and inserting a scion.
--Mortimer.
Cleg \Cleg\, n. [Northern Eng. & Scot. gleg: cf. Gael.
crethleag.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small breeze or horsefly. [North of Eng. & Scot.]
--Jamieson.
Cleistogamic \Cleis`to*gam"ic\, Cleistogamous
\Cleis*tog"a*mous\a. [Gr. ? closed (fr. ? to shut) + ?
marriage.] (Bot.)
Having, beside the usual flowers, other minute, closed
flowers, without petals or with minute petals; -- said of
certain species of plants which possess flowers of two or
more kinds, the closed ones being so constituted as to insure
self-fertilization. --Darwin.
Clem \Clem\, v. t. & i. [Cf. clam to clog, or G. klemmen to
pinch, Icel. kl?mbra, E. clamp.]
To starve; to famish. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Clematis \Clem"a*tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? brushwood, also (from
its long, lithe branches) clematis. fr. ? twig, shoot, fr. ?
to break off.] (Bot.)
A genus of flowering plants, of many species, mostly
climbers, having feathery styles, which greatly enlarge in
the fruit; -- called also {virgin's bower}.
Clemence \Clem"ence\, n.
Clemency. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Clemency \Clem"en*cy\, n.; pl. {Clemencies}. [L. clementia, fr.
clemens mild, calm.]
1. Disposition to forgive and spare, as offenders; mildness
of temper; gentleness; tenderness; mercy.
Great clemency and tender zeal toward their
subjects. --Stowe.
They had applied for the royal clemency. --Macaulay.
2. Mildness or softness of the elements; as, the clemency of
the season.
Syn: Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity; mercy;
gentleness; compassion; kindness.
Clement \Clem"ent\, a. [L. clemens; -entis; cf. F. cl?ment.]
Mild in temper and disposition; merciful; compassionate.
--Shak. -- {Clem"ent*ly}, adv.
Clementine \Clem"ent*ine\, a.
Of or pertaining to Clement, esp. to St. Clement of Rome and
the spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement
V. and his compilations of canon law.
Clench \Clench\, n. & v. t.
See {Clinch}.
Clepe \Clepe\ (kl[=e]p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cleped}
(kl[=e]p"[e^]d) or (kl[=e]pt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cleping}. Cf.
{Ycleped}.] [AS. clepan, cleopian, clipian, clypian, to cry,
call.]
To call, or name. [Obs.]
That other son was cleped Cambalo. --Chaucer.
Clepe \Clepe\, v. i.
To make appeal; to cry out. [Obs.]
Wandering in woe, and to the heavens on high Cleping
for vengeance of this treachery. --Mir. for
Mag.
Clepsine \Clep"si*ne\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of fresh-water leeches, furnished with a proboscis.
They feed upon mollusks and worms.
Clepsydra \Clep"sy*dra\ (?; 277), n. [L. from Gr. ?; ? to steal,
conceal + ? water.]
A water clock; a contrivance for measuring time by the
graduated flow of a liquid, as of water, through a small
aperture. See Illust. in {Appendix}.
Cleptomania \Clep`to*ma"ni*a\, n. [NL.]
See {Kleptomania}.
Clerestory \Clere"sto`ry\ (kl[=e]r"st[=o]`r[y^]), n.
Same as {Clearstory}.
Clergeon \Cler"geon\ (kl[~e]r"j[u^]n), n. [F., dim. of clerc.
See {Clerk}.]
A chorister boy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Clergial \Cler"gi*al\, a.
Learned; erudite; clerical. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Clergical \Cler"gi*cal\, a.
Of or pertaining to the clergy; clerical; clerkily; learned.
[Obs.] --Milton.
Clergy \Cler"gy\, n. [OE. clergie, clergi, clerge, OF. clergie,
F. clergie (fr. clerc clerc, fr. L. clericus priest) confused
with OF. clergi['e], F. clerg['e], fr. LL. clericatus office
of priest, monastic life, fr. L. clericus priest, LL.
scholar, clerc. Both the Old French words meant clergy, in
sense 1, the former having also sense 2. See {Clerk}.]
1. The body of men set apart, by due ordination, to the
service of God, in the Christian church, in distinction
from the laity; in England, usually restricted to the
ministers of the Established Church. --Hooker.
2. Learning; also, a learned profession. [Obs.]
Sophictry . . . rhetoric, and other cleargy. --Guy
of Warwick.
Put their second sons to learn some clergy. --State
Papers (1515).
3. The privilege or benefit of clergy.
If convicted of a clergyable felony, he is entitled
equally to his clergy after as before conviction.
--Blackstone.
{Benefit of clergy} (Eng., Law), the exemption of the persons
of clergymen from criminal process before a secular judge
-- a privilege which was extended to all who could read,
such persons being, in the eye of the law, clerici, or
clerks. This privilege was abridged and modified by
various statutes, and finally abolished in the reign of
George IV. (1827).
{Regular clergy}, {Secular clergy} See {Regular}, n., and
{Secular}, a.
Clergyable \Cler"gy*a*ble\, a.
Entitled to, or admitting, the benefit of clergy; as, a
clergyable felony. --Blackstone.
Clergyman \Cler"gy*man\, n.; pl. {Clergymen}.
An ordained minister; a man regularly authorized to preach
the gospel, and administer its ordinances; in England usually
restricted to a minister of the Established Church.
Cleric \Cler"ic\, n. [AS., fr. L. clericus. See {Clerk}.]
A clerk, a clergyman. [R.] --Bp. Horsley.
Cleric \Cler"ic\, a.
Same as {Clerical}.
Clerical \Cler"ic*al\, a. [LL. clericalis. See {Clerk}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the clergy; suitable for the clergy.
``A clerical education.'' --Burke.
2. Of or relating to a clerk or copyist, or to writing.
``Clerical work.'' --E. Everett.
{A clerical error}, an error made in copying or writing.
Clericalism \Cler"ic*al*ism\, n.
An excessive devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal
order; undue influence of the clergy; sacerdotalism.
Clericity \Cler*ic"i*ty\, n.
The state of being a clergyman.
Clerisy \Cler"i*sy\, n. [LL. clericia. See {Clergy}.]
1. The literati, or well educated class.
2. The clergy, or their opinions, as opposed to the laity.
Clerk \Clerk\ (?; in Eng. ?; 277), n. [Either OF. clerc, fr. L.
clericus a priest, or AS. clerc, cleric, clerk, priest, fr.
L. clericus, fr. Gr. ? belonging to the clergy, fr. ? lot,
allotment, clergy; cf. Deut. xviii. 2. Cf. {Clergy}.]
1. A clergyman or ecclesiastic. [Obs.]
All persons were styled clerks that served in the
church of Christ. --Ayliffe.
2. A man who could read; a scholar; a learned person; a man
of letters. [Obs.] ``Every one that could read . . . being
accounted a clerk.'' --Blackstone.
He was no great clerk, but he was perfectly well
versed in the interests of Europe. --Burke.
3. A parish officer, being a layman who leads in reading the
responses of the Episcopal church service, and otherwise
assists in it. [Eng.] --Hook.
And like unlettered clerk still cry ``Amen''.
--Shak.
4. One employed to keep records or accounts; a scribe; an
accountant; as, the clerk of a court; a town clerk.
The clerk of the crown . . . withdrew the bill.
--Strype.
Note: In some cases, clerk is synonymous with secretary. A
clerk is always an officer subordinate to a higher
officer, board, corporation, or person; whereas a
secretary may be either a subordinate or the head of an
office or department.
5. An assistant in a shop or store. [U. S.]
Clerk-ale \Clerk"-ale`\ (? in Eng. ?), n.
A feast for the benefit of the parish clerk. [Eng.] --T.
Warton.
Clerkless \Clerk"less\, a.
Unlearned. [Obs.] --E. Waterhouse.
Clerklike \Clerk"like`\, a.
Scholarlike. [Obs.] --Shak.
Clerkliness \Clerk"li*ness\, n.
Scholarship. [Obs.]
Clerkly \Clerk"ly\, a.
Of or pertaining to a clerk. --Cranmer.
Clerkly \Clerk"ly\, adv.
In a scholarly manner. [Obs.] --Shak.
Clerkship \Clerk"ship\, n.
State, quality, or business of a clerk.
Cleromancy \Cler"o*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ? lot + -mancy; cf. F.
cl['e]romancie.]
A divination by throwing dice or casting lots.
Cleronomy \Cle*ron"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? inheritance + ? to possess.]
Inheritance; heritage.
Clerstory \Cler"sto`ry\, n.
See {Clearstory}.
Clever \Clev"er\, a. [Origin uncertain. Cf. OE. cliver eager,
AS. clyfer (in comp.) cloven; or clifer a claw, perh.
connected with E. cleave to divide, split, the meaning of E.
clever perh. coming from the idea of grasping, seizing (with
the mind).]
1. Possessing quickness of intellect, skill, dexterity,
talent, or adroitness; expert.
Though there were many clever men in England during
the latter half of the seventeenth century, there
were only two great creative minds. --Macaulay.
Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever.
--C. Kingsley.
2. Showing skill or adroitness in the doer or former; as, a
clever speech; a clever trick. --Byron.
3. Having fitness, propriety, or suitableness.
``T would sound more clever To me and to my heirs
forever. --Swift.
4. Well-shaped; handsome. ``The girl was a tight, clever
wench as any was.'' --Arbuthnot.
5. Good-natured; obliging. [U. S.]
Syn: See {Smart}.
Cleverish \Clev"er*ish\, a.
Somewhat clever. [R.]
Cleverly \Clev"er*ly\, adv.
In a clever manner.
Never was man so clever absurd. --C. Smart.
Cleverness \Clev"er*ness\, n.
The quality of being clever; skill; dexterity; adroitness.
Syn: See {Ingenuity}.
Clevis \Clev"is\, n. [Cf. {Cleave} to adhere, {Clavel}.]
A piece of metal bent in the form of an oxbow, with the two
ends perforated to receive a pin, used on the end of the
tongue of a plow, wagen, etc., to attach it to a draft chain,
whiffletree, etc.; -- called also {clavel}, {clevy}.
Clew \Clew\, Clue \Clue\, n. [OE. clewe, clowe, clue, AS.
cleowen, cliwen, clywe ball of thread; akin to D. kluwen,
OHG. chliwa, chliuwa, G. dim. kleuel, kn["a]uel, and perch.
to L. gluma hull, husk, Skr. glaus sort of ball or tumor.
Perch. akin to E. claw. [root]26. Cf. {Knawel}.]
1. A ball of thread, yarn, or cord; also, The thread itself.
Untwisting his deceitful clew. --Spenser.
2. That which guides or directs one in anything of a doubtful
or intricate nature; that which gives a hint in the
solution of a mystery.
The clew, without which it was perilous to enter the
vast and intricate maze of countinental politics,
was in his hands. --Macaulay.
3. (Naut.)
(a.) A lower corner of a square sail, or the after corner
of a fore-and-aft sail.
(b.) A loop and thimbles at the corner of a sail.
(c.) A combination of lines or nettles by which a hammock
is suspended.
{Clew garnet} (Naut.), one of the ropes by which the clews of
the courses of square-rigged vessels are drawn up to the
lower yards.
{Clew line} (Naut.), a rope by which a clew of one of the
smaller square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or
royal, is run up to its yard.
{Clew-line block} (Naut.), The block through which a clew
line reeves. See Illust. of {Block}.
Clew \Clew\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. & vb. n. {Clewing}.] [Cf. D.
kluwenen. See {Clew}, n.]
1. To direct; to guide, as by a thread. [Obs.]
Direct and clew me out the way to happiness. --Beau.
&& Fl.
2. (Naut.) To move of draw (a sail or yard) by means of the
clew garnets, clew lines, etc.; esp. to draw up the clews
of a square sail to the yard.
{To clew down} (Naut.), to force (a yard) down by hauling on
the clew lines.
{To clew up} (Naut.), to draw (a sail) up to the yard, as for
furling.
Clich'e \Cli`ch['e]"\, n. [F. clich['e], from clicher to
stereotype.]
A stereotype plate or any similar reproduction of ornament,
or lettering, in relief.
{Clich['e] casting}, a mode of obtaining an impression from a
die or woodcut, or the like, by striking it suddenly upon
metal which has been fused and is just becoming solid;
also, the casting so obtained.
Click \Click\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Clicked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clicking}.] [Prob. an onomatopoetic word: cf. OF. cliquier.
{See Clack}, and cf. {Clink}, {Clique}.]
To make a slight, sharp noise (or a succession of such
noises), as by gentle striking; to tick.
The varnished clock that clicked behind the door.
--Goldsmith.
Click \Click\, v. t.
1. To move with the sound of a click.
She clicked back the bolt which held the window
sash. --Thackeray.
2. To cause to make a clicking noise, as by striking
together, or against something.
[Jove] clicked all his marble thumbs. --Ben Jonson.
When merry milkmaids click the latch. --Tennyson.
Click \Click\, n.
1. A slight sharp noise, such as is made by the cocking of a
pistol.
2. A kind of articulation used by the natives of Southern
Africa, consisting in a sudden withdrawal of the end or
some other portion of the tongue from a part of the mouth
with which it is in contact, whereby a sharp, clicking
sound is produced. The sounds are four in number, and are
called cerebral, palatal, dental, and lateral clicks or
clucks, the latter being the noise ordinarily used in
urging a horse forward.
Click \Click\, v. t. [OE. kleken, clichen. Cf. {Clutch}.]
To snatch. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Click \Click\, n. [Cf. 4th {Click}, and OF. clique latch.]
1. A detent, pawl, or ratchet, as that which catches the cogs
of a ratchet wheel to prevent backward motion. See Illust.
of {Ratched wheel}.
2. The latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]
Click beetle \Click" bee"tle\ (Zo["o]l.)
See {Elater}.
Clicker \Click"er\, n.
1. One who stands before a shop door to invite people to buy.
[Low, Eng.]
2. (Print.) One who as has charge of the work of a
companionship.
Clicket \Click"et\, n. [OF. cliquet the latch of a door. See 5th
{Click}.]
1. The knocker of a door. [Prov. Eng.]
2. A latch key. [Eng.] --Chaucer.
Clicky \Click"y\, a.
Resembling a click; abounding in clicks. ``Their strange
clicky language.'' --The Century.
Clidastes \Cli*das"tes\, n. [NL., prob. from Gr. klei`s key.]
(Paleon.)
A genus of extinct marine reptiles, allied to the Mosasaurus.
See Illust. in Appendix.
Cliency \Cli"en*cy\, n.
State of being a client.
Client \Cli"ent\, n. [L. cliens, -emtis, for cluens, one who
hears (in relation to his protector), a client, fr. L. cluere
to be named or called; akin to Gr. ? to hear, Skr. [,c]ry,
and E. loud: cf. F. client. See {Loud}.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A citizen who put himself under the
protection of a man of distinction and influence, who was
called his patron.
2. A dependent; one under the protection of another.
I do think they are your friends and clients, And
fearful to disturb you. --B. Jonson.
3. (Law) One who consults a legal adviser, or submits his
cause to his management.
Clientage \Cli"ent*age\, n.
1. State of being client.
2. A body of clients. --E. Everett.
Cliental \Cli*en"tal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a client.
A dependent and cliental relation. --Burke.
I sat down in the cliental chair. --Dickens.
Cliented \Cli"ent*ed\, a.
Supplied with clients. [R.]
The least cliented pettifiggers. --R. Carew.
Clientelage \Cli*en"te*lage\, n.
See {Clientele}, n., 2.
Clientele \Cli`en*tele"\ (? or ?), n. [L. clientela: cf. F.
client[`e]le.]
1. The condition or position of a client; clientship. [Obs.]
--Bp. Hall.
2. The clients or dependents of a nobleman of patron.
3. The persons who make habitual use of the services of
another person; one's clients, collectively; as, the
clientele of a lawyer, doctor, notary, etc.
Clientship \Cli"ent*ship\, n.
Condition of a client; state of being under the protection of
a patron. --Dryden.
Cliff \Cliff\ (kl[i^]f), n. [AS. clif, cloef; akin to OS. klif,
D. klif, klip, Icel. klif, Dan. & G. klippe, Sw. klippa;
perh. orig. a climbing place. See {Climb}.]
A high, steep rock; a precipice.
{Cliff swallow} (Zo["o]l.), a North American swallow
({Petrochelidon lunifrons}), which builds its nest against
cliffs; the {eaves swallow}.
Cliff \Cliff\, n. (Mus.)
See {Clef}. [Obs.]
Cliff limestone \Cliff" lime"stone`\ (Geol.)
A series of limestone strata found in Ohio and farther west,
presenting bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly
supposed to be of one formation, but now known to be partly
Silurian and partly Devonian.
Cliffy \Cliff"y\, a.
Having cliffs; broken; craggy.
Clift \Clift\, n. [See 1st {Cliff}, n.]
A cliff. [Obs.]
That gainst the craggy clifts did loudly roar.
--Spenser.
Clift \Clift\, n. [See {Cleft}, n.]
1. A cleft of crack; a narrow opening. [Obs.]
2. The fork of the legs; the crotch. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Clifted \Clift"ed\, a. [From {Clift} a cleft.]
Broken; fissured.
Climb the Ande? clifted side. --Grainger.
Climacter \Cli*mac"ter\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, prop., round of a
ladder, fr. ? ladder: cf. F. climact[`e]re. See {Climax}.]
See {Climacteric}, n.
Climacteric \Cli*mac"ter*ic\ (? or ?; 277), a. [L.
climactericus, Gr. ?. See {Climacter}.]
Relating to a climacteric; critical.
Climacteric \Cli*mac"ter*ic\, n.
1. A period in human life in which some great change is
supposed to take place in the constitution. The critical
periods are thought by some to be the years produced by
multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9; to
which others add the 81st year.
2. Any critical period.
It is your lot, as it was mine, to live during one
of the grand climacterics of the world. --Southey.
{Grand} or {Great climacteric}, the sixty-third year of human
life.
I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be
regenerated by them; nor begin, in my grand
climacteric, to squall in their new accents, or to
stammer, in my second cradle, the elemental sounds
of their barbarous metaphysics. --Burke.
Climacterical \Clim`ac*ter"ic*al\, a. & n.
See {Climacteric}. --Evelyn.
Climatal \Cli"ma*tal\, a.
Climatic. --Dunglison.
Climatarchic \Cli`ma*tar"chic\, a. [Climate + Gr. ? to rule.]
Presiding over, or regulating, climates.
Climate \Cli"mate\, n. [F. climat, L. clima, -atis, fr. Gr. ?,
?, slope, the supposed slope of the earth (from the equator
toward the pole), hence a region or zone of the earth, fr. ?
to slope, incline, akin to E. lean, v. i. See {Lean}, v. i.,
and cf. {Clime}.]
1. (Anc. Geog.) One of thirty regions or zones, parallel to
the equator, into which the surface of the earth from the
equator to the pole was divided, according to the
successive increase of the length of the midsummer day.
2. The condition of a place in relation to various phenomena
of the atmosphere, as temperature, moisture, etc.,
especially as they affect animal or vegetable life.
Climate \Cli"mate\, v. i.
To dwell. [Poetic] --Shak.
Climatic \Cli*mat"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a climate; depending on, or limited by, a
climate.
Climatical \Cli*mat"ic*al\, a.
Climatic.
Climatize \Cli"ma*tize\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Climatized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Climatizing}.]
To acclimate or become acclimated.
Climatography \Cli`ma*tog"ra*phy\, n. [Climate + -graphy.]
A description of climates.
Climatological \Cli`ma*to*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to climatology.
Climatologist \Cli`ma*tol"o*gist\, n.
One versed in, or who studies, climatology.
Climatology \Cli`ma*tol"o*gy\, n. [Climate + -logy: cf. F.
climatologie.]
The science which treats of climates and investigates their
phenomena and causes. --Brande & C.
Climature \Cli"ma*ture\ (?; 135), n. [Cf. F. climature.]
A climate. [Obs.] --Shak.
Climax \Cli"max\, n. [L., from Gr. ? ladder, staircase, fr. ? to
make to bend, to lean. See {Ladder}, {Lean}, v. i.]
1. Upward movement; steady increase; gradation; ascent.
--Glanvill.
2. (Rhet.) A figure in which the parts of a sentence or
paragraph are so arranged that each succeeding one rises
above its predecessor in impressiveness.
``Tribulation worketh patience, patience experience,
and experience hope'' -- a happy climax. --J. D.
Forbes.
3. The highest point; the greatest degree.
We must look higher for the climax of earthly good.
--I. Taylor.
{To cap the climax}, to surpass everything, as in excellence
or in absurdity. [Colloq.]
Climb \Climb\ (kl[imac]m), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Climbed}
(kl[imac]md), Obs. or Vulgar {Clomb} (kl[o^]m); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Climbing}.] [AS. climban; akin to OHG. chlimban, G. & D.
klimmen, Icel. kl[=i]fa, and E. cleave to adhere.]
1. To ascend or mount laboriously, esp. by use of the hands
and feet.
2. To ascend as if with effort; to rise to a higher point.
Black vapors climb aloft, and cloud the day.
--Dryden.
3. (Bot.) To ascend or creep upward by twining about a
support, or by attaching itself by tendrils, rootlets,
etc., to a support or upright surface.
Climb \Climb\, v. t.
To ascend, as by means of the hands and feet, or laboriously
or slowly; to mount.
Climb \Climb\, n.
The act of one who climbs; ascent by climbing. --Warburton.
Climbable \Climb"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being climbed.
Climber \Climb"er\, n.
One who, or that which, climbs:
(a) (Bot.) A plant that climbs.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) A bird that climbs, as a woodpecker or a
parrot.
Climber \Climb"er\, v. i. [From {Climb}; cf. {Clamber}.]
To climb; to mount with effort; to clamber. [Obs.] --Tusser.
Climbing \Climb"ing\,
p. pr. & vb. n. of {Climb}.
{Climbing fern}. See under {Fern}.
{Climbing perch}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Anabas}, and
{Labyrinthici}.
Clime \Clime\, n. [L. clima. See {Climate}.]
A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See {Climate}.
Turn we to sutvey, Where rougher climes a nobler race
display. --Goldsmith.
Clinanthium \Cli*nan"thi*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? bed + ?
flower.] (Bot.)
The receptacle of the flowers in a composite plant; -- also
called {clinium}.
Clinch \Clinch\ (kl[i^]nch; 224), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Clinched}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Clinching}.] [OE. clenchen,
prop. causative of clink to cause to clink, to strike; cf. D.
klinken to tinkle, rivet. See {Clink}.]
1. To hold firmly; to hold fast by grasping or embracing
tightly. ``Clinch the pointed spear.'' --Dryden.
2. To set closely together; to close tightly; as, to clinch
the teeth or the first. --Swift.
3. To bend or turn over the point of (something that has been
driven through an object), so that it will hold fast; as,
to clinch a nail.
4. To make conclusive; to confirm; to establish; as, to
clinch an argument. --South.
Clinch \Clinch\, v. i.
To hold fast; to grasp something firmly; to seize or grasp
one another.
Clinch \Clinch\ (kl[i^]nch), n.
1. The act or process of holding fast; that which serves to
hold fast; a grip; a grasp; a clamp; a holdfast; as, to
get a good clinch of an antagonist, or of a weapon; to
secure anything by a clinch.
2. A pun. --Pope.
3. (Naut.) A hitch or bend by which a rope is made fast to
the ring of an anchor, or the breeching of a ship's gun to
the ringbolts.
Clincher \Clinch"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, clinches; that which holds fast.
--Pope.
2. That which ends a dispute or controversy; a decisive
argument.
Clincher-built \Clinch"er-built\, a.
See {Clinker-built}.
Cling \Cling\ (kl[i^]ng), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Clung}
(kl[u^]ng), {Clong} (kl[o^]ng), Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clinging}.] [AS. clingan to adhere, to wither; akin to Dan.
klynge to cluster, crowd. Cf. {Clump}.]
To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast, especially by
twining round or embracing; as, the tendril of a vine clings
to its support; -- usually followed by to or together.
And what hath life for thee That thou shouldst cling to
it thus? --Mrs. Hemans.
Cling \Cling\, v. t.
1. To cause to adhere to, especially by twining round or
embracing. [Obs.]
I clung legs as close to his side as I could.
--Swift.
2. To make to dry up or wither. [Obs.]
If thou speak'st false, Upon the next tree shalt
thou hang alive, Till famine cling thee. --Shak.
Cling \Cling\, n.
Adherence; attachment; devotion. [R.]
A more tenacious cling to worldly respects. --Milton.
Clingstone \Cling"stone`\, a.
Having the flesh attached closely to the stone, as in some
kinds of peaches. -- n. A fruit, as a peach, whose flesh
adheres to the stone.
Clingy \Cling"y\, a.
Apt to cling; adhesive. [R.]
Clinic \Clin"ic\, n. [See {Clinical}.]
1. One confined to the bed by sickness.
2. (Eccl.) One who receives baptism on a sick bed. [Obs.]
--Hook.
3. (Med.) A school, or a session of a school or class, in
which medicine or surgery is taught by the examination and
treatment of patients in the presence of the pupils.
Clinical \Clin"ic*al\, Clinic \Clin"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? bed,
fr. ? to lean, recline: cf. F. clinique. See {Lean}, v. i.]
1. Of or pertaining to a bed, especially, a sick bed.
2. Of or pertaining to a clinic, or to the study of disease
in the living subject.
{Clinical baptism}, baptism administered to a person on a
sick bed.
{Clinical instruction}, instruction by means of clinics.
{Clinical lecture} (Med.), a discourse upon medical topics
illustrated by the exhibition and examination of living
patients.
{Clinical medicine}, {Clinical surgery}, that part of
medicine or surgery which is occupied with the
investigation of disease in the living subject.
Clinically \Clin"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a clinical manner.
Clinique \Cli*nique"\, n. [F.] (Med.)
A clinic.
Clinium \Clin"i*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. kli`nh bed.] (Bot.)
See {Clinanthium}.
Clink \Clink\ (kl[i^][ng]k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clinked}
(kl[i^][ng]kt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Clinking}.] [OE. clinken;
akin to G. klingen, D. klinken, SW. klinga, Dan. klinge;
prob. of imitative origin. Cf. {Clank}, {Clench}, {Click}, v.
i.]
To cause to give out a slight, sharp, tinkling, sound, as by
striking metallic or other sonorous bodies together.
And let me the canakin clink. --Shak.
Clink \Clink\ (kl[i^][ng]k), v. i.
1. To give out a slight, sharp, tinkling sound. ``The
clinking latch.'' --Tennyson.
2. To rhyme. [Humorous]. --Cowper.
Clink \Clink\, n.
A slight, sharp, tinkling sound, made by the collision of
sonorous bodies. ``Clink and fall of swords.'' --Shak.
Clinkant \Clin"kant\ (kl[i^][ng]"kant), a.
See {Clinquant}.
Clinker \Clink"er\ (kl[i^][ng]k"[~e]r), n. [From clink; cf. D.
clinker a brick which is so hard that it makes a sonorous
sound, from clinken to clink. Cf. {Clinkstone}.]
1. A mass composed of several bricks run together by the
action of the fire in the kiln.
2. Scoria or vitrified incombustible matter, formed in a
grate or furnace where anthracite coal in used; vitrified
or burnt matter ejected from a volcano; slag.
3. A scale of oxide of iron, formed in forging.
4. A kind of brick. See {Dutch clinker}, under {Dutch}.
Clinker-built \Clink"er-built\, a. (Naut.)
Having the side planks (af a boat) so arranged that the lower
edge of each overlaps the upper edge of the plank next below
it like clapboards on a house. See {Lapstreak}.
Clinkstone \Clink"stone`\ (?; 110), n. [Clink + stone; -- from
its sonorousness.] (Min.)
An igneous rock of feldspathic composition, lamellar in
structure, and clinking under the hammer. See {Phonolite}.
Clinodiagonal \Cli`no*di*ag"o*nal\, n. [Gr. kli`nein to incline
+ E. diagonal.] (Crystallog.)
That diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which
makes an oblique angle with the vertical axis. See
{Crystallization}. -- a. Pertaining to, or the direction of,
the clinodiagonal.
Clinodome \Cli"no*dome`\, n. [Gr. kli`nein to incline + E.
dome.] (Crystallog.)
See under {Dome}.
Clinographic \Cli"no*graph"ic\, a. [Gr. kli`nein to incline +
-graph.]
Pertaining to that mode of projection in drawing in which the
rays of light are supposed to fall obliquely on the plane of
projection.
Clinoid \Cli"noid\, a. [Gr. kli`nh bed + -oid.] (Anat.)
Like a bed; -- applied to several processes on the inner side
of the sphenoid bone.
Clinometer \Cli*nom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. kli`nein to incline +
-meter.] (Geol.)
An instrument for determining the dip of beds or strata, pr
the slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb level.
--Dana.
Clinometric \Clin`o*met"ric\, a.
1. Pertaining to, or ascertained by, the clinometer.
2. Pertaining to the oblique crystalline forms, or to solids
which have oblique angles between the axes; as, the
clinometric systems.
Clinometry \Cli*nom"e*try\, n. (geol.)
That art or operation of measuring the inclination of strata.
Clinopinacoid \Cli`no*pin"a*coid\, n. [Gr. kli`nein to incline +
E. pinacoid.] (Crystallog.)
The plane in crystals of the monoclinic system which is
parallel to the vertical and the inclined lateral
(clinidiagonal) axes.
Clinorhombic \Cli`no*rhom"bic\, a. [Gr. kli`nein to incline + E.
rhombic: cf. F. clinorhombique.] (Crystallog.)
Possessing the qualities of a prism, obliquely inclined to a
rhombic base; monoclinic.
Clinquant \Clin"quant\, a. [F.]
Glittering; dressed in, or overlaid with, tinsel finery.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Clinquant \Clin"quant\, n.
Tinsel; Dutch gold.
Clio \Cli"o\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? the proclaimer, fr. ? to call,
tell of, make famous.] (Class. Myth.)
The Muse who presided over history.
Clione \Cli*o"ne\, n.
A genus of naked pteropods. One species ({Clione
papilonacea}), abundant in the Arctic Ocean, constitutes a
part of the food of the Greenland whale. It is sometimes
incorrectly called {Clio}.
Clip \Clip\ (kl[i^]p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clipped} (kl[i^]pt);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Clipping}.] [OE. cluppen, clippen, to
embrace, AS. clyran to embrace, clasp; cf. OHG. kluft tongs,
shears, Icel, kl[=y]pa to pinch, squeeze, also OE. clippen to
cut, shear, Dan. klippe to clip, cut, SW. & Icel. klippa.]
1. To embrace, hence; to encompass.
O . . . that Neptune's arms, who clippeth thee
about, Would bear thee from the knowledge of
thyself. --Shak.
2. To cut off; as with shears or scissors; as, to clip the
hair; to clip coin.
Sentenced to have his ears clipped. --Macaulay.
3. To curtail; to cut short.
All my reports go with the modest truth; No more nor
clipped, but so. --Shak.
In London they clip their words after one manner
about the court, another in the city, and a third in
the suburbs. --Swift.
Clip \Clip\ (kl[i^]p), v. i.
To move swiftly; -- usually with indefinite it.
Straight flies as chek, and clips it down the wind.
--Dryden.
Clip \Clip\, n.
1. An embrace. --Sir P. Sidney.
2. A cutting; a shearing.
3. The product of a single shearing of sheep; a season's crop
of wool.
4. A clasp or holder for letters, papers, etc.
5. An embracing strap for holding parts together; the iron
strap, with loop, at the ends of a whiffletree. --Knight.
6. (Far.) A projecting flange on the upper edge of a
horseshoe, turned up so as to embrace the lower part of
the hoof; -- called also {toe clip} and {beak}. --Youatt.
7. A blow or stroke with the hand; as, he hit him a clip.
[Colloq. U. S.]
Clipper \Clip"per\, n.
1. One who clips; specifically, one who clips off the edges
of coin.
The value is pared off from it into the clipper's pocket.
--Locke.
2. A machine for clipping hair, esp. the hair of horses.
3. (Naut.) A vessel with a sharp bow, built and rigged for
fast sailing. -- {Clip"per-built`}, a.
Note: The name was first borne by ``Baltimore clippers''
famous as privateers in the early wars of the United
States.
Clipping \Clip"ping\, n.
1. The act of embracing. [Obs.]
2. The act of cutting off, curtailing, or diminishing; the
practice of clipping the edges of coins.
clipping by Englishmen is robbing the honest man who
receives clipped money. --Locke.
3. That which is clipped off or out of something; a piece
separated by clipping; as, newspaper clippings.
Clique \Clique\, n. [F., fr. OF. cliquer to click. See {Click},
v. i.]
A narrow circle of persons associated by common interests or
for the accomplishment of a common purpose; -- generally used
in a bad sense.
Clique \Clique\, v. i.
To To associate together in a clannish way; to act with
others secretly to gain a desired end; to plot; -- used with
together.
Cliquish \Cli"quish\, a.
Of or pertaining to a clique; disposed to from cliques;
exclusive in spirit. -- {Cli"*quish*ness}, n.
Cliquism \Cli"quism\, n.
The tendency to associate in cliques; the spirit of cliques.
Clitellus \Cli*tel"lus\, n. [NL., prob. fr. L. clitellae a
packsadle.] (Zo["o]l.)
A thickened glandular portion of the body of the adult
earthworm, consisting of several united segments modified for
reproductive purposes.
Clitoris \Cli"to*ris\ (? or ?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to
shut up. It is concealed by the labia pudendi.] (Anat.)
A small organ at the upper part of the vulva, homologous to
the penis in the male.
Clivers \Cliv"ers\ (? or ?), n.
See {Cleavers}.
Clivity \Cliv"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Clivities}. [L. clivus hill.]
Inclination; ascent or descent; a gradient. [R.]
Cloaca \Clo"a"ca\, n.; pl. {Cloac[ae]}. [L.]
1. A sewer; as, the Cloaca Maxima of Rome.
2. A privy.
3. (Anat.) The common chamber into which the intestinal,
urinary, and generative canals discharge in birds,
reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes.
Cloacal \Clo*a"cal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a cloaca.
Cloak \Cloak\ (?; 110), n. [Of. cloque cloak (from the bell-like
shape), bell, F. cloche bell; perh. of Celtic origin and the
same word as E. clock. See 1st {Clock}.]
1. A loose outer garment, extending from the neck downwards,
and commonly without sleeves. It is longer than a cape,
and is worn both by men and by women.
2. That which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an excuse; a
fair pretense; a mask; a cover.
No man is esteemed any ways considerable for policy
who wears religion otherwise than as a cloak.
--South.
{Cloak bag}, a bag in which a cloak or other clothes are
carried; a portmanteau. --Shak.
Cloak \Cloak\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cloaked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cloaking}.]
To cover with, or as with, a cloak; hence, to hide or
conceal.
Now glooming sadly, so to cloak her matter. --Spenser.
Syn: See {Palliate}.
Cloakedly \Cloak"ed*ly\, adv.
In a concealed manner.
Cloaking \Cloak"ing\, n.
1. The act of covering with a cloak; the act of concealing
anything.
To take heed of their dissemblings and cloakings.
--Strype.
2. The material of which of which cloaks are made.
Cloakroom \Cloak"room`\, n.
A room, attached to any place of public resort, where cloaks,
overcoats, etc., may be deposited for a time.
Clock \Clock\, n. [AS. clucge bell; akin to D. klok clock, bell,
G. glocke, Dan. klokke, Sw. klocka, Icel. klukka bell, LL.
clocca, cloca (whence F. cloche); al perh. of Celtic origin;
cf. Ir. & Gael. clog bell, clock, W. cloch bell. Cf.
{Cloak}.]
1. A machine for measuring time, indicating the hour and
other divisions by means of hands moving on a dial plate.
Its works are moved by a weight or a spring, and it is
often so constructed as to tell the hour by the stroke of
a hammer on a bell. It is not adapted, like the watch, to
be carried on the person.
2. A watch, esp. one that strikes. [Obs.] --Walton.
3. The striking of a clock. [Obs.] --Dryden.
4. A figure or figured work on the ankle or side of a
stocking. --Swift.
Note: The phrases what o'clock? it is nine o'clock, etc., are
contracted from what of the clock? it is nine of the
clock, etc.
{Alarm clock}. See under {Alarm}.
{Astronomical clock}.
(a) A clock of superior construction, with a compensating
pendulum, etc., to measure time with great accuracy,
for use in astronomical observatories; -- called a
regulator when used by watchmakers as a standard for
regulating timepieces.
(b) A clock with mechanism for indicating certain
astronomical phenomena, as the phases of the moon,
position of the sun in the ecliptic, equation of time,
etc.
{Electric clock}.
(a) A clock moved or regulated by electricity or
electro-magnetism.
(b) A clock connected with an electro-magnetic recording
apparatus.
{Ship's clock} (Naut.), a clock arranged to strike from one
to eight strokes, at half hourly intervals, marking the
divisions of the ship's watches.
{Sidereal clock}, an astronomical clock regulated to keep
sidereal time.
Clock \Clock\ (kl[o^]k), v. t.
To ornament with figured work, as the side of a stocking.
Clock \Clock\, v. t. & i.
To call, as a hen. See {Cluck}. [R.]
Clock \Clock\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large beetle, esp. the European dung beetle ({Scarab[ae]us
stercorarius}).
Clocklike \Clock"like`\ (kl[o^]k"l[imac]k`), a.
Like a clock or like clockwork; mechanical.
Their services are clocklike, to be set Backward and
forward at their lord's command. --B. Jonson.
Clockwork \Clock"work`\ (-w[^u]rk`), n.
The machinery of a clock, or machinery resembling that of a
clock; machinery which produces regularity of movement.
Clod \Clod\ (kl[o^]d), n. [OE. clodde, latter form of clot. See
{Clot}.]
1. A lump or mass, especially of earth, turf, or clay.
``Clods of a slimy substance.'' --Carew. ``Clods of iron
and brass.'' --Milton. ``Clods of blood.'' --E. Fairfax.
The earth that casteth up from the plow a great
clod, is not so good as that which casteth up a
smaller clod. --Bacon.
2. The ground; the earth; a spot of earth or turf.
The clod Where once their sultan's horse has trod.
--Swift.
3. That which is earthy and of little relative value, as the
body of man in comparison with the soul.
This cold clod of clay which we carry about with us.
--T. Burnet.
4. A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a dolt --Dryden.
5. A part of the shoulder of a beef creature, or of the neck
piece near the shoulder. See Illust. of {Beef}.
Clod \Clod\ (kl[o^]d), v.i
To collect into clods, or into a thick mass; to coagulate; to
clot; as, clodded gore. See {Clot}.
Clodded in lumps of clay. --G. Fletcher.
Clod \Clod\, v. t.
1. To pelt with clods. --Jonson.
2. To throw violently; to hurl. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Cloddish \Clod"dish\, a.
Resembling clods; gross; low; stupid; boorish. --Hawthorne.
-- {Clod"dish*ness}, n.
Cloddy \Clod"dy\, a.
Consisting of clods; full of clods.
Clodhopper \Clod"hop`per\, n.
A rude, rustic fellow.
Clodhopping \Clod"hop`ping\, a.
Boorish; rude. --C. Bront['e].
Clodpate \Clod"pate`\, n.
A blockhead; a dolt.
Clodpated \Clod"pat`ed\, a.
Stupid; dull; doltish.
Clodpoll \Clod"poll`\, n. [Clod + poll head.]
A stupid fellow; a dolt. [Written also {clodpole}.] --Shak.
Cloff \Cloff\ (?; 115), n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
Formerly an allowance of two pounds in every three hundred
weight after the tare and tret are subtracted; now used only
in a general sense, of small deductions from the original
weight. [Written also {clough}.] --McCulloch.
Clog \Clog\, n. [OE. clogge clog, Scot. clag, n., a clot, v., to
to obstruct, cover with mud or anything adhesive; prob. of
the same origin as E. clay.]
1. That which hinders or impedes motion; hence, an
encumbrance, restraint, or impediment, of any kind.
All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and
institutions of England are so many clogs to check
and retard the headlong course of violence and
opression. --Burke.
2. A weight, as a log or block of wood, attached to a man or
an animal to hinder motion.
As a dog . . . but chance breaks loose, And quits
his clog. --Hudibras.
A clog of lead was round my feet. --Tennyson.
3. A shoe, or sandal, intended to protect the feet from wet,
or to increase the apparent stature, and having,
therefore, a very thick sole. Cf. {Chopine}.
In France the peasantry goes barefoot; and the
middle sort . . . makes use of wooden clogs.
--Harvey.
{Clog almanac}, a primitive kind of almanac or calendar,
formerly used in England, made by cutting notches and
figures on the four edges of a clog, or square piece of
wood, brass, or bone; -- called also a {Runic staff}, from
the Runic characters used in the numerical notation.
{Clog dance}, a dance performed by a person wearing clogs, or
thick-soled shoes.
{Clog dancer}.
Clog \Clog\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clogged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clogging}.]
1. To encumber or load, especially with something that
impedes motion; to hamper.
The winds of birds were clogged with ace and snow.
--Dryden.
2. To obstruct so as to hinder motion in or through; to choke
up; as, to clog a tube or a channel.
3. To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to perplex.
The commodities are clogged with impositions.
--Addison.
You 'll rue the time That clogs me with this answer.
--Shak.
Syn: Impede; hinder; obstruct; embarrass; burden; restrain;
restrict.
Clog \Clog\, v. i.
1. To become clogged; to become loaded or encumbered, as with
extraneous matter.
In working through the bone, the teeth of the saw
will begin to clog. --S. Sharp.
2. To coalesce or adhere; to unite in a mass.
Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds clog
not together. --Evelyn.
Clogginess \Clog"gi*ness\, n.
The state of being clogged.
Clogging \Clog"ging\, n.
Anything which clogs. --Dr. H. More.
Cloggy \Clog"gy\, a.
Clogging, or having power to clog.
Cloisonn'e \Cloi`son*n['e]\, a. [F., partitioned, fr. cloison a
partition.]
Inlaid between partitions: -- said of enamel when the lines
which divide the different patches of fields are composed of
a kind of metal wire secured to the ground; as distinguished
from {champlev['e]} enamel, in which the ground is engraved
or scooped out to receive the enamel. --S. Wells Williams.
Cloister \Clois"ter\, n. [OF. cloistre, F. clo[^i]tre, L.
claustrum, pl. claustra, bar, bolt, bounds, fr. claudere,
clausum, to close. See {Close}, v. t., and cf. {Claustral}.]
1. An inclosed place. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. A covered passage or ambulatory on one side of a court;
(pl.) the series of such passages on the different sides
of any court, esp. that of a monastery or a college.
But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious
cloister's pale. --Milton.
3. A monastic establishment; a place for retirement from the
world for religious duties.
Fitter for a cloister than a crown. --Daniel.
{Cloister garth} (Arch.), the garden or open part of a court
inclosed by the cloisters.
Syn: {Cloister}, {Monastery}, {Nunnery}, {Convent}, {Abbey},
{Priory}.
Usage: Cloister and convent are generic terms, and denote a
place of seclusion from the world for persons who
devote their lives to religious purposes. They differ
is that the distinctive idea of cloister is that of
seclusion from the world, that of convent, community
of living. Both terms denote houses for recluses of
either sex. A cloister or convent for monks is called
a monastery; for nuns, a nunnery. An abbey is a
convent or monastic institution governed by an abbot
or an abbess; a priory is one governed by a prior or a
prioress, and is usually affiliated to an abbey.
Cloister \Clois"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cloistered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cloistering}.]
To confine in, or as in, a cloister; to seclude from the
world; to immure.
None among them are thought worthy to be styled
religious persons but those that cloister themselves up
in a monastery. --Sharp.
Cloisteral \Clois"ter*al\, a.
Cloistral. [Obs.] --I. Walton.
Cloistered \Clois"tered\, a.
1. Dwelling in cloisters; solitary. ``Cloistered friars and
vestal nuns.'' --Hudibras.
In cloistered state let selfish sages dwell, Proud
that their heart is narrow as their cell.
--Shenstone.
2. Furnished with cloisters. --Sir H. Wotton.
Cloisterer \Clois"ter*er\, n. [Cf. OF. cloistier.]
One belonging to, or living in, a cloister; a recluse.
Cloistral \Clois"tral\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse.
[Written also {cloisteral}.]
Best become a cloistral exercise. --Daniel.
Cloistress \Clois"tress\, n.
A nun. [R.] --Shak.
Cloke \Cloke\, n. & v.
See Cloak. [Obs.]
Clomb \Clomb\, Clomben \Clomb"en\,
imp. & p. p. of {Climb} (for climbed). [Obs.]
The sonne, he sayde, is clomben up on hevene.
--Chaucer.
Clomp \Clomp\, n.
See {Clamp}.
Clong \Clong\,
imp. of {Cling}. [Obs.]
Clonic \Clon"ic\, a. [Gr. klo`nos a violent, confused motion;
cf. F. clonique.] (Med.)
Having an irregular, convulsive motion. --Dunglison.
{Clonic spasm}. (Med.) See under {Spasm}.
Cloom \Cloom\, v. t. [A variant of clam to clog.]
To close with glutinous matter. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Cloop \Cloop\, n. [An onomatop[oe]ia.]
The sound made when a cork is forcibly drawn from a bottle.
``The cloop of a cork wrenched from a bottle.'' --Thackeray.
Close \Close\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Closed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Closing}.] [From OF. & F. clos, p. p. of clore to close, fr.
L. claudere; akin to G. schliessen to shut, and to E. clot,
cloister, clavicle, conclude, sluice. Cf. {Clause}, n.]
1. To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut; as, to close
the eyes; to close a door.
2. To bring together the parts of; to consolidate; as, to
close the ranks of an army; -- often used with up.
3. To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to complete; to
finish; to end; to consummate; as, to close a bargain; to
close a course of instruction.
One frugal supper did our studies close. --Dryden.
4. To come or gather around; to inclose; to encompass; to
confine.
The depth closed me round about. --Jonah ii. 5.
But now thou dost thyself immure and close In some
one corner of a feeble heart. --Herbert.
{A closed sea}, a sea within the jurisdiction of some
particular nation, which controls its navigation.
Close \Close\, v. i.
1. To come together; to unite or coalesce, as the parts of a
wound, or parts separated.
What deep wounds ever closed without a scar?
--Byron.
2. To end, terminate, or come to a period; as, the debate
closed at six o'clock.
3. To grapple; to engage in hand-to-hand fight.
They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest.
--Prescott.
{To close} {on or upon}, to come to a mutual agreement; to
agree on or join in. ``Would induce France and Holland to
close upon some measures between them to our
disadvantage.'' --Sir W. Temple.
{To close with}.
(a) To accede to; to consent or agree to; as, to close
with the terms proposed.
(b) To make an agreement with.
{To close with the land} (Naut.), to approach the land.
Close \Close\, n.
1. The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.
[Obs.]
The doors of plank were; their close exquisite.
--Chapman.
2. Conclusion; cessation; ending; end.
His long and troubled life was drawing to a close.
--Macaulay.
3. A grapple in wrestling. --Bacon.
4. (Mus.)
(a) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.
(b) A double bar marking the end.
At every close she made, the attending throng
Replied, and bore the burden of the song.
--Dryden.
Syn: Conclusion; termination; cessation; end; ending;
extremity; extreme.
Close \Close\ (? or ?), n. [OF. & F. clos an inclosure, fr.
clos, p. p. of clore. See {Close}, v. t.]
1. An inclosed place; especially, a small field or piece of
land surrounded by a wall, hedge, or fence of any kind; --
specifically, the precinct of a cathedral or abbey.
Closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans
and canons. --Macaulay.
2. A narrow passage leading from a street to a court, and the
houses within. [Eng.] --Halliwell
3. (Law) The interest which one may have in a piece of
ground, even though it is not inclosed. --Bouvier.
Close \Close\, a. [Compar. {Closer}; superl. {Closest}.] [Of. &
F. clos, p. p. of clore. See {Close}, v. t.]
1. Shut fast; closed; tight; as, a close box.
From a close bower this dainty music flowed.
--Dryden.
2. Narrow; confined; as, a close alley; close quarters. ``A
close prison.'' --Dickens.
3. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a
feeling of lassitude; -- said of the air, weather, etc.
If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and
doors, the one maketh the air close, . . . and the
other maketh it exceeding unequal. --Bacon.
4. Strictly confined; carefully quarded; as, a close
prisoner.
5. Out of the way observation; secluded; secret; hidden. ``He
yet kept himself close because of Saul.'' --1 Chron. xii.
1
``Her close intent.'' --Spenser.
6. Disposed to keep secrets; secretive; reticent. ``For
servecy, no lady closer.'' --Shak.
7. Having the parts near each other; dense; solid; compact;
as applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious; not volatile, as
applied to liquids.
The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the
water made itself way through the pores of that very
close metal. --Locke.
8. Concise; to the point; as, close reasoning. ``Where the
original is close no version can reach it in the same
compass.'' --Dryden.
9. Adjoining; near; either in space; time, or thought; --
often followed by to.
Plant the spring crocuses close to a wall.
--Mortimer.
The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very
close thing -- not a faint hearsay. --G. Eliot.
10. Short; as, to cut grass or hair close.
11. Intimate; familiar; confidential.
League with you I seek And mutual amity, so strait,
so close, That I with you must dwell, or you with
me. --Milton.
12. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; as, a close vote.
``A close contest.'' --Prescott.
13. Difficult to obtain; as, money is close. --Bartlett.
14. Parsimonious; stingy. ``A crusty old fellow, as close as
a vise.'' --Hawthorne.
15. Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact;
strict; as, a close translation. --Locke.
16. Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating;
strict; not wandering; as, a close observer.
17. (Phon.) Uttered with a relatively contracted opening of
the mouth, as certain sounds of e and o in French,
Italian, and German; -- opposed to open.
{Close borough}. See under {Borough}.
{Close breeding}. See under {Breeding}.
{Close communion}, communion in the Lord's supper, restricted
to those who have received baptism by immersion.
{Close corporation}, a body or corporation which fills its
own vacancies.
{Close fertilization}. (Bot.) See {Fertilization}.
{Close harmony} (Mus.), compact harmony, in which the tones
composing each chord are not widely distributed over
several octaves.
{Close time}, a fixed period during which killing game or
catching certain fish is prohibited by law.
{Close vowel} (Pron.), a vowel which is pronounced with a
diminished aperture of the lips, or with contraction of
the cavity of the mouth.
{Close to the wind} (Naut.), directed as nearly to the point
from which the wind blows as it is possible to sail;
closehauled; -- said of a vessel.
Close \Close\, adv.
1. In a close manner.
2. Secretly; darkly. [Obs.]
A wondrous vision which did close imply The course
of all her fortune and posterity. --Spenser.
Close-banded \Close"-band`ed\, a.
Closely united.
Close-barred \Close"-barred`\, a.
Firmly barred or closed.
Close-bodied \Close"-bod`ied\, a.
Fitting the body exactly; setting close, as a garment.
--Ayliffe.
Close-fights \Close"-fights`\, n. pl. (Naut.)
Barriers with loopholes, formerly erected on the deck of a
vessel to shelter the men in a close engagement with an
enemy's boarders; -- called also {close quarters}. [Obs.]
Closefisted \Close"fist`ed\, a.
Covetous; niggardly. --Bp. Berkeley. ``Closefisted
contractors.'' --Hawthorne.
Closehanded \Close"hand`ed\, a.
Covetous; penurious; stingy; closefisted. --
{Close"hand`ed*ness}, n.
Closehauled \Close"hauled`\, a. (Naut.)
Under way and moving as nearly as possible toward the
direction from which the wind blows; -- said of a sailing
vessel.
Closely \Close"ly\, adv.
1. In a close manner.
2. Secretly; privately. [Obs.]
That nought she did but wayle, and often steepe Her
dainty couch with tears which closely she did weepe.
--Spenser.
Closemouthed \Close"mouthed`\, a.
Cautious in speaking; secret; wary; uncommunicative.
Closen \Clos"en\, v. t.
To make close. [R.]
Closeness \Close"ness\, n.
The state of being close.
Half stifled by the closeness of the room. --Swift.
We rise not against the piercing judgment of Augustus,
nor the extreme caution or closeness of Tiberius.
--Bacon.
An affectation of closeness and covetousness.
--Addison.
Syn: Narrowness; oppressiveness; strictness; secrecy;
compactness; conciseness; nearness; intimacy; tightness;
stinginess; literalness.
Closer \Clos"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot
closer. See under {Boot}.
2. A finisher; that which finishes or terminates.
3. (Masonry) The last stone in a horizontal course, if of a
less size than the others, or a piece of brick finishing a
course. --Gwilt.
Closereefed \Close"reefed`\, a. (Naut.)
Having all the reefs taken in; -- said of a sail.
Close-stool \Close"-stool`\, n.
A utensil to hold a chamber vessel, for the use of the sick
and infirm. It is usually in the form of a box, with a seat
and tight cover.
Closet \Clos"et\, n. [OF. closet little inclosure, dim. of clos.
See {Close} an inclosure.]
1. A small room or apartment for retirement; a room for
privacy.
A chair-lumbered closet, just twelve feet by nine.
--Goldsmith.
When thou prayest, enter into thy closet. --Matt.
vi. 6.
2. A small apartment, or recess in the side of a room, for
household utensils, clothing, etc. --Dryden.
{Closet sin}, sin commited in privacy. --Bp. Hall.
Closet \Clos"et\, v. t. [imp. & p. pr. & vb. n. {Closeting}.]
1. To shut up in, or as in, a closet; to conceal. [R.]
Bedlam's closeted and handcuffed charge. --Cowper.
2. To make into a closet for a secret interview.
He was to call a new legislature, to closet its
members. --Bancroft.
He had been closeted with De Quadra. --Froude.
Close-tongued \Close"-tongued`\, a.
Closemouthed; silent. ``Close-tongued treason.'' --Shak.
Closh \Closh\, n. [CF. F. clocher to limp, halt.]
A disease in the feet of cattle; laminitis. --Crabb.
Closh \Closh\, n. [CF. D. klossen to play at bowls.]
The game of ninepins. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
Closure \Clo"sure\ (?, 135), n. [Of. closure, L. clausura, fr.
clauedere to shut. See {Close}, v. t.]
1. The act of shutting; a closing; as, the closure of a
chink.
2. That which closes or shuts; that by which separate parts
are fastened or closed.
Without a seal, wafer, or any closure whatever.
--Pope.
3. That which incloses or confines; an inclosure.
O thou bloody prison . . . Within the guilty closure
of thy walls Richard the Second here was hacked to
death. --Shak.
4. A conclusion; an end. [Obs.] --Shak.
5. (Parliamentary Practice) A method of putting an end to
debate and securing an immediate vote upon a measure
before a legislative body. It is similar in effect to the
previous question. It was first introduced into the
British House of Commons in 1882. The French word
{cl[^o]ture} was originally applied to this proceeding.
Clot \Clot\, n. [OE. clot, clodde, clod; akin to D. kloot ball,
G. kloss clod, dumpling, klotz block, Dan. klods, Sw. klot
bowl, globe, klots block; cf. AS. cl[=a]te bur. Cf. {Clod},
n., {Clutter} to clot.]
A concretion or coagulation; esp. a soft, slimy, coagulated
mass, as of blood; a coagulum. ``Clots of pory gore.''
--Addison.
Doth bake the egg into clots as if it began to poach.
--Bacon.
Note: Clod and clot appear to be radically the same word, and
are so used by early writers; but in present use clod
is applied to a mass of earth or the like, and clot to
a concretion or coagulation of soft matter.
Clot \Clot\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Clotted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clotting}.]
To concrete, coagulate, or thicken, as soft or fluid matter
by evaporation; to become a cot or clod.
Clot \Clot\, v. t.
To form into a slimy mass.
Clotbur \Clot"bur`\, n. [Cf. {Clote}.]
1. The burdock. [Prov. Engl.] --Prior.
2. Same as {Cocklebur}.
Clote \Clote\, n. [AS. cl?te: cf. G. klette.]
The common burdock; the clotbur. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Cloth \Cloth\ (?; 115), n.; pl. {Cloths} (#; 115), except in the
sense of garments, when it is {Clothes} (kl[=o]thz or
kl[=o]z). [OE. clath cloth, AS. cl[=a][thorn] cloth, garment;
akin to D. kleed, Icel. kl[ae][eth]i, Dan. kl[ae]de, cloth,
Sw. kl["a]de, G. kleid garment, dress.]
1. A fabric made of fibrous material (or sometimes of wire,
as in wire cloth); commonly, a woven fabric of cotton,
woolen, or linen, adapted to be made into garments;
specifically, woolen fabrics, as distinguished from all
others.
2. The dress; raiment. [Obs.] See {Clothes}.
I'll ne'er distust my God for cloth and bread.
--Quarles.
3. The distinctive dress of any profession, especially of the
clergy; hence, the clerical profession.
Appeals were made to the priesthood. Would they
tamely permit so gross an insult to be offered to
their cloth? --Macaulay.
The cloth, the clergy, are constituted for
administering and for giving the best possible
effect to . . . every axiom. --I. Taylor.
{Body cloth}. See under {Body}.
{Cloth of gold}, a fabric woven wholly or partially of
threads of gold.
{Cloth measure}, the measure of length and surface by which
cloth is measured and sold. For this object the standard
yard is usually divided into quarters and nails.
{Cloth paper}, a coarse kind of paper used in pressing and
finishing woolen cloth. -- Cloth
{shearer}, one who shears cloth and frees it from superfluous
nap.
Clothe \Clothe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clothed}or {Clad}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Clothing}.] [OE. clathen, clothen, clethen, AS.
cl[=a][eth]ian, cl[ae][eth]an. See {Cloth}.]
1. To put garments on; to cover with clothing; to dress.
Go with me, to clothe you as becomes you. --Shak.
2. To provide with clothes; as, to feed and clothe a family;
to clothe one's self extravagantly.
Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. --Prov.
xxiii. 21.
The naked every day he clad, When he put on his
clothes. --Goldsmith.
3. Fig.: To cover or invest, as with a garment; as, to clothe
one with authority or power.
Language in which they can clothe their thoughts.
--Watts.
His sides are clothed with waving wood. --J. Dyer.
Thus Belial, with with words clothed in reason's
garb. --Milton.
Clothe \Clothe\, v. i.
To wear clothes. [Poetic]
Care no more to clothe eat. --Shak.
Clothes \Clothes\ (? or ?; 277), n. pl. [From {Cloth}.]
1. Covering for the human body; dress; vestments; vesture; --
a general term for whatever covering is worn, or is made
to be worn, for decency or comfort.
She . . . speaks well, and has excellent good
clothes. --Shak.
If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be whole.
--Mark. v. 28.
2. The covering of a bed; bedclothes.
She turned each way her frighted head, Then sunk it
deep beneath the clothes. --Prior.
{Body clothes}. See under {Body}.
{Clothes moth} (Zo["o]l.), a small moth of the genus {Tinea}.
The most common species ({T. flavifrontella})is yellowish
white. The larv[ae] eat woolen goods, furs, feathers, etc.
They live in tubular cases made of the material upon which
they feed, fastened together with silk.
Syn: Garments; dress; clothing; apparel; attire; vesture;
raiment; garb; costume; habit; habiliments.
Clotheshorse \Clothes"horse`\, n.
A frame to hang clothes on.
Clothesline \Clothes"line`\, n.
A rope or wire on which clothes are hung to dry.
Clothespin \Clothes"pin`\ (? or ?), n.
A forked piece of wood, or a small spring clamp, used for
fastening clothes on a line.
Clothespress \Clothes"press`\, n.
A receptacle for clothes.
Clothier \Cloth"ier\, n.
1. One who makes cloths; one who dresses or fulls cloth.
--Hayward.
2. One who sells cloth or clothes, or who makes and sells
clothes.
Clothing \Cloth"ing\, n.
1. Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment; covering.
From others he shall stand in need of nothing, Yet
on his brothers shall depend for clothing. --Milton.
As for me, . . . my clothing was sackloth. --Ps.
xxxv. 13
2. The art of process of making cloth. [R.]
Instructing [refugees] in the art of clothing.
--Ray.
3. A covering of non-conducting material on the outside of a
boiler, or steam chamber, to prevent radiation of heat.
--Knight.
4. (Mach.) See {Card clothing}, under 3d {Card}.
Clothred \Clot"hred\, p. p.
Clottered. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Clotpoll \Clot"poll`\, n.
See {Clodpoll}. [Obs.] --Shak.
Clotted \Clot"ted\, a.
Composed of clots or clods; having the quality or form of a
clot; sticky; slimy; foul. ``The clotted glebe.'' --J.
Philips.
When lust . . . Lets in defilement to the inward parts,
The soul grows clotted by contagion. --Milton.
Clotter \Clot"ter\, v. i. [From {Clot}.]
To concrete into lumps; to clot. [Obs.] ``Clottered blood.''
--Chapman.
Clotty \Clot"ty\, a. [From {Clot}, n.]
Full of clots, or clods. ``Clotty matter.'' --Harvey.
Cloture \Cl[^o]`ture"\, n. [F.] (Parliamentary Practice)
See {Closure}, 5.
Clotweed \Clot"weed`\, n. [See {Clote}.]
Cocklebur.
Cloud \Cloud\ (kloud), n. [Prob. fr. AS. cl[=u]d a rock or
hillock, the application arising from the frequent
resemblance of clouds to rocks or hillocks in the sky or
air.]
1. A collection of visible vapor, or watery particles,
suspended in the upper atmosphere.
I do set my bow in the cloud. --Gen. ix. 13.
Note: A classification of clouds according to their chief
forms was first proposed by the meteorologist Howard,
and this is still substantially employed. The following
varieties and subvarieties are recognized:
(a) {Cirrus}. This is the most elevated of all the forms
of clouds; is thin, long-drawn, sometimes looking like
carded wool or hair, sometimes like a brush or room,
sometimes in curl-like or fleecelike patches. It is
the cat's-tail of the sailor, and the mare's-tail of
the landsman.
(b) {Cumulus}. This form appears in large masses of a
hemispherical form, or nearly so, above, but flat
below, one often piled above another, forming great
clouds, common in the summer, and presenting the
appearance of gigantic mountains crowned with snow. It
often affords rain and thunder gusts.
(c) {Stratus}. This form appears in layers or bands
extending horizontally.
(d) {Nimbus}. This form is characterized by its uniform
gray tint and ragged edges; it covers the sky in
seasons of continued rain, as in easterly storms, and
is the proper rain cloud. The name is sometimes used
to denote a raining cumulus, or cumulostratus.
(e) {Cirro-cumulus}. This form consists, like the cirrus,
of thin, broken, fleecelice clouds, but the parts are
more or less rounded and regulary grouped. It is
popularly called mackerel sky.
(f) {Cirro-stratus}. In this form the patches of cirrus
coalesce in long strata, between cirrus and stratus.
(g) {Cumulo-stratus}. A form between cumulus and stratus,
often assuming at the horizon a black or bluish tint.
-- {Fog}, cloud, motionless, or nearly so, lying near
or in contact with the earth's surface. -- {Storm
scud}, cloud lying quite low, without form, and driven
rapidly with the wind.
2. A mass or volume of smoke, or flying dust, resembling
vapor. ``A thick cloud of incense.'' --Ezek. viii. 11.
3. A dark vein or spot on a lighter material, as in marble;
hence, a blemish or defect; as, a cloud upon one's
reputation; a cloud on a title.
4. That which has a dark, lowering, or threatening aspect;
that which temporarily overshadows, obscures, or
depresses; as, a cloud of sorrow; a cloud of war; a cloud
upon the intellect.
5. A great crowd or multitude; a vast collection. ``So great
a cloud of witnesses.'' --Heb. xii. 1.
6. A large, loosely-knitted scarf, worn by women about the
head.
{Cloud on a} (or the) {title} (Law), a defect of title,
usually superficial and capable of removal by release,
decision in equity, or legislation.
{To be under a cloud}, to be under suspicion or in disgrace;
to be in disfavor.
{In the clouds}, in the realm of facy and imagination; beyond
reason; visionary.
Cloud \Cloud\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clouded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clouding}.]
1. To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds; as, the sky
is clouded.
2. To darken or obscure, as if by hiding or enveloping with a
cloud; hence, to render gloomy or sullen.
One day too late, I fear me, noble lord, Hath
clouded all thy happy days on earth. --Shak.
Be not disheartened, then, nor cloud those looks.
--Milton.
Nothing clouds men's minds and impairs their honesty
like prejudice. --M. Arnold.
3. To blacken; to sully; to stain; to tarnish; to damage; --
esp. used of reputation or character.
I would not be a stander-by to hear My sovereign
mistress clouded so, without My present vengeance
taken. --Shak.
4. To mark with, or darken in, veins or sports; to variegate
with colors; as, to cloud yarn.
And the nice conduct of a clouded cane. --Pope.
Cloud \Cloud\, v. i.
To grow cloudy; to become obscure with clouds; -- often used
with up.
Worthies, away! The scene begins to cloud. --Shak.
Cloudage \Cloud"age\, n.
Mass of clouds; cloudiness. [R.]
A scudding cloudage of shapes. --Coleridge.
Cloudberry \Cloud"ber`ry\, n. (Bot.)
A species of raspberry ({Rubus Cham[ae]merous}) growing in
the northern regions, and bearing edible, amber-colored
fruit.
Cloud-built \Cloud"-built\, a.
Built of, or in, the clouds; airy; unsubstantial; imaginary.
--Cowper.
So vanished my cloud-built palace. --Goldsmith.
Cloud-burst \Cloud"-burst`\, n.
A sudden copious rainfall, as the whole cloud had been
precipitated at once.
Cloud-capped \Cloud"-capped`\, a.
Having clouds resting on the top or head; reaching to the
clouds; as, cloud-capped mountains.
Cloud-compeller \Cloud"-com*pel`ler\, n.
Cloud-gatherer; -- an epithet applied to Zeus. [Poetic.]
--Pope.
Cloudily \Cloud"i*ly\, adv.
In a cloudy manner; darkly; obscurely. --Dryden.
Cloudiness \Cloud"i*ness\, n.
The state of being cloudy.
Clouding \Cloud"ing\, n.
1. A mottled appearance given to ribbons and silks in the
process of dyeing.
2. A diversity of colors in yarn, recurring at regular
intervals. --Knight.
Cloudland \Cloud"land`\, n.
Dreamland.
Cloudless \Cloud"less\, a.
Without a cloud; clear; bright.
A cloudless winter sky. --Bankroft.
-- {Cloud"less*ly}, adv. -- {Cloud"less*ness}, n.
Cloudlet \Cloud"let\, n.
A little cloud. --R. Browning.
Eve's first star through fleecy cloudlet peeping.
--Coleridge.
Cloudy \Cloud"y\, a. [Compar. {Cloudier}; superl. {Cloudiest}.]
[From Cloud, n.]
1. Overcast or obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a cloudy
sky.
2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds.
As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy
pillar descended. --Ex. xxxiii.
9
3. Indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or ill-nature; not
open or cheerful. ``A cloudy countenance.'' --Shak.
4. Confused; indistinct; obscure; dark.
Cloudy and confused notions of things. --Watts.
5. Lacking clearness, brightness, or luster. ``A cloudy
diamond.'' --Boyle.
6. Marked with veins or sports of dark or various hues, as
marble.
Clough \Clough\, n. [OE. clough, cloghe, clou, clewch, AS.
(assumed) cl[=o]h, akin to G. klinge ravine.]
1. A cleft in a hill; a ravine; a narrow valley. --Nares.
2. A sluice used in returning water to a channel after
depositing its sediment on the flooded land. --Knight.
Clough \Clough\ (?; 115), n. (Com.)
An allowance in weighing. See {Cloff}.
Clout \Clout\, n. [AS. cl[=u]t a little cloth, piece of metal;
cf. Sw. klut, Icel. kl[=u]tr a kerchief, or W. clwt a clout,
Gael. clud.]
1. A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a rag.
His garments, nought but many ragged clouts, With
thorns together pinned and patched was. --Spenser.
A clout upon that head where late the diadem stood.
--Shak.
2. A swadding cloth.
3. A piece; a fragment. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
4. The center of the butt at which archers shoot; -- probably
once a piece of white cloth or a nail head.
A'must shoot nearer or he'll ne'er hit the clout.
--Shak.
5. An iron plate on an axletree or other wood to keep it from
wearing; a washer.
6. A blow with the hand. [Low]
{Clout nail}, a kind of wrought-iron nail heaving a large
flat head; -- used for fastening clouts to axletrees,
plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for
various purposes.
Clout \Clout\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clouted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clouting}.] [OE. clutien. clouten, to patch. See {Clout},
n.]
1. To cover with cloth, leather, or other material; to
bandage; patch, or mend, with a clout.
And old shoes and clouted upon their feet. --Josh.
ix. 5.
Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in . . .
clouting an old tent than to teach lawyers.
--Latimer.
2. To join or patch clumsily.
If fond Bavius vent his clouted song. --P. Fletcher
3. To quard with an iron plate, as an axletree.
4. To give a blow to; to strike. [Low]
The . . . queen of Spain took off one of her
chopines and clouted Olivarez about the noddle with
it. --Howell.
5. To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot sole.
{Clouted cream}, clotted cream, i. e., cream obtained by
warming new milk. --A. Philips.
Note: ``Clouted brogues'' in Shakespeare and ``clouted
shoon'' in Milton have been understood by some to mean
shoes armed with nails; by others, patched shoes.
Clouterly \Clout"er*ly\, a. [From {Clout}, n.]
Clumsy; awkward. [Obs.]
Rough-hewn, cloutery verses. --E. Phillips.
Clove \Clove\, imp. of {Cleave}.
Cleft. --Spenser.
{Clove hitch} (Naut.) See under {Hitch}.
{Clove hook} (Naut.), an iron two-part hook, with jaws
overlapping, used in bending chain sheets to the clews of
sails; -- called also {clip hook}. --Knight.
Clove \Clove\, n. [D. kloof. See {Cleave}, v. t.]
A cleft; a gap; a ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a
proper name; as, Kaaterskill Clove; Stone Clove.
Clove \Clove\, n. [OE. clow, fr. F. clou nail, clou de girofle a
clove, lit. nail of clove, fr. L. clavus nail, perh. akin to
clavis key, E. clavicle. The clove was so called from its
resemblance to a nail. So in D. kruidnagel clove, lit.
herb-nail or spice-nail. Cf. {Cloy}.]
A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of
the clove tree ({Eugenia, or Caryophullus, aromatica}), a
native of the Molucca Isles.
{Clove camphor}. (Chem.) See {Eugenin}.
{Clove gillyflower}, {Clove pink} (Bot.), any fragrant
self-colored carnation.
Clove \Clove\, n. [AS. clufe an ear of corn, a clove of garlic;
cf. cle['o]fan to split, E. cleave.]
1. (Bot.) One of the small bulbs developed in the axils of
the scales of a large bulb, as in the case of garlic.
Developing, in the axils of its skales, new bulbs,
of what gardeners call cloves. --Lindley.
2. A weight. A clove of cheese is about eight pounds, of
wool, about seven pounds. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Cloven \Clo"ven\, p. p. & a.
from {Cleave}, v. t.
{To show the cloven foot} or {hoof}, to reveal a devilish
character, or betray an evil purpose, notwithstanding
disguises, -- Satan being represented dramatically and
symbolically as having cloven hoofs.
Cloven-footed \Clo"ven-foot`ed\, Cloven-hoofed
\Clo"ven-hoofed`\, a.
Having the foot or hoof divided into two parts, as the ox.
Clover \Clo"ver\ (kl[=o]"v[~e]r), n. [OE. claver, clover, AS.
cl[=ae]fre; akin to LG. & Dan. klever, D. klaver, G. klee,
Sw. kl["o]fver.] (Bot.)
A plant of different species of the genus {Trifolium}; as the
common red clover, {T. pratense}, the white, {T. repens}, and
the hare's foot, {T. arvense}.
{Clover weevil} (Zo["o]l.) a small weevil ({Apion apricans}),
that destroys the seeds of clover.
{Clover worm} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of a small moth ({Asopia
costalis}), often very destructive to clover hay.
{In clover}, in very pleasant circumstances; fortunate.
[Colloq.]
{Sweet clover}. See {Meliot}.
Clovered \Clo"vered\, a.
Covered with growing clover.
Flocks thick nibbling through the clovered vale.
--Thomson.
Clowe-gilofre \Clowe"-gi*lof`re\, n. [See 3d {Clove}, and
{Gillyflower}.]
Spice clove. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Clown \Clown\ (kloun), n. [Cf. Icel. klunni a clumsy, boorish
fellow, North Fries. kl["o]nne clown, dial. Sw. klunn log,
Dan. klunt log, block, and E. clump, n.]
1. A man of coarse nature and manners; an awkward fellow; an
ill-bred person; a boor. --Sir P. Sidney.
2. One who works upon the soil; a rustic; a churl.
The clown, the child of nature, without guile.
--Cowper.
3. The fool or buffoon in a play, circus, etc.
The clown shall make those laugh whose lungs are
tickle o'the sere. --Shak.
Clown \Clown\, v. i.
To act as a clown; -- with it. [Obs.]
Beshrew me, he clowns it properly indeed. --B. Jonson.
Clownage \Clown"age\, n.
Behavior or manners of a clown; clownery. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Clownery \Clown"er*y\ (-[~e]r*[y^]), n.
Clownishness. --L'Estrange.
Clownish \Clown"ish\, a.
Of or resembling a clown, or characteristic of a clown;
ungainly; awkward. ``Clownish hands.'' --Spenser. ``Clownish
mimic.'' --Prior. -- {Clown"ish*ly}, adv.
Syn: Coarse; rough; clumsy; awkward; ungainly; rude; uncivil;
ill-bred; boorish; rustic; untutored.
Clownishness \Clown"ish*ness\, n.
The manners of a clown; coarseness or rudeness of behavior.
That plainness which the alamode people call
clownishness. --Locke.
Cloy \Cloy\ (kloi), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cloyed} (kloid); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Cloying}.] [OE. cloer to nail up, F. clouer, fr.
OF. clo nail, F. clou, fr. L. clavus nail. Cf. 3d {Clove}.]
1. To fill or choke up; to stop up; to clog. [Obs.]
The duke's purpose was to have cloyed the harbor by
sinking ships, laden with stones. --Speed.
2. To glut, or satisfy, as the appetite; to satiate; to fill
to loathing; to surfeit.
[Who can] cloy the hungry edge of appetite By bare
imagination of a feast? --Shak.
He sometimes cloys his readers instead of
satisfying. --Dryden.
3. To penetrate or pierce; to wound.
Which, with his cruel tusk, him deadly cloyed.
--Spenser.
He never shod horse but he cloyed him. --Bacon.
4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.] --Johnson.
5. To stroke with a claw. [Obs.] --Shak.
Cloyless \Cloy"less\, a.
That does not cloy. --Shak.
Cloyment \Cloy"ment\, n.
Satiety. [Obs.] --Shak.
Club \Club\, n. [CF. Icel. klubba, klumba, club, klumbuf?ir a
clubfoot, SW. klubba club, Dan. klump lump, klub a club, G.
klumpen clump, kolben club, and E. clump.]
1. A heavy staff of wood, usually tapering, and wielded the
hand; a weapon; a cudgel.
But make you ready your stiff bats and clubs; Rome
and her rats are at the point of battle. --Shak.
2. [Cf. the Spanish name bastos, and Sp. baston staff, club.]
Any card of the suit of cards having a figure like the
trefoil or clover leaf. (pl.) The suit of cards having
such figure.
3. An association of persons for the promotion of some common
object, as literature, science, politics, good fellowship,
etc.; esp. an association supported by equal assessments
or contributions of the members.
They talked At wine, in clubs, of art, of politics.
--Tennyson.
He [Goldsmith] was one of the nine original members
of that celebrated fraternity which has sometimes
been called the Literary Club, but which has always
disclaimed that epithet, and still glories in the
simple name of the Club. --Macaulay.
4. A joint charge of expense, or any person's share of it; a
contribution to a common fund.
They laid down the club. --L'Estrange.
We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings
for our part of the club. --Pepys.
{Club law}, government by violence; lynch law; anarchy.
--Addison.
{Club moss} (Bot.), an evergreen mosslike plant, much used in
winter decoration. The best know species is {Lycopodium
clavatum}, but other {Lycopodia} are often called by this
name. The spores form a highly inflammable powder.
{Club root} (Bot.), a disease of cabbages, by which the roots
become distorted and the heads spoiled.
{Club topsail} (Naut.), a kind of gaff topsail, used mostly
by yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short
``club'' or ``jack yard'' to increase its spread.
Club \Club\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clubbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clubbing}.]
1. To beat with a club.
2. (Mil.) To throw, or allow to fall, into confusion.
To club a battalion implies a temporary inability in
the commanding officer to restore any given body of
men to their natural front in line or column.
--Farrow.
3. To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment of a
common end; as, to club exertions.
4. To raise, or defray, by a proportional assesment; as, to
club the expense.
{To club a musket} (Mil.), to turn the breach uppermost, so
as to use it as a club.
Club \Club\, v. i.
1. To form a club; to combine for the promotion of some
common object; to unite.
Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream Of fancy,
madly met, and clubbed into a dream. --Dryden.
2. To pay on equal or proportionate share of a common charge
or expense; to pay for something by contribution.
The owl, the raven, and the bat, Clubbed for a
feather to his hat. --Swift.
3. (Naut.) To drift in a current with an anchor out.
Clubbable \Club"ba*ble\, a.
Suitable for membership in a club; sociable. [Humorous.] --G.
W. Curtis.
Clubbed \Clubbed\, a.
Shaped like a club; grasped like, or used as, a club.
--Skelton.
Clubber \Club"ber\, n.
1. One who clubs.
2. A member of a club. [R.] --Massinger.
Clubbish \Club"bish\, a.
1. Rude; clownish. [Obs.]
2. Disposed to club together; as, a clubbish set.
Clubbist \Club"bist\, n.
A member of a club; a frequenter of clubs. [R.] --Burke.
Clubfist \Club"fist`\, n.
1. A large, heavy fist.
2. A coarse, brutal fellow. [Obs.] --Mir. for Mag.
Clubfisted \Club"fist`ed\, a.
Having a large fist. --Howell.
Clubfoot \Club"foot\, n. [Club + foot.] (Med.)
A short, variously distorted foot; also, the deformity,
usually congenital, which such a foot exhibits; talipes.
Clubfooted \Club"foot`ed\, a.
Having a clubfoot.
Clubhand \Club"hand`\, n. (Med.)
A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such a
hand.
Clubhaul \Club"haul`\, v. t. (Naut.)
To put on the other tack by dropping the lee anchor as soon
as the wind is out of the sails (which brings the vessel's
head to the wind), and by cutting the cable as soon as she
pays off on the other tack. Clubhauling is attempted only in
an exigency.
Clubhouse \Club"house`\, n.
A house occupied by a club.
Clubroom \Club"room`\, n.
The apartment in which a club meets. --Addison.
Club-rush \Club"-rush`\, n. (Bot.)
A rushlike plant, the reed mace or cat-tail, or some species
of the genus {Scirpus}. See {Bulrush}.
Club-shaped \Club"-shaped\, a.
Enlarged gradually at the end, as the antenn[ae] of certain
insects.
Cluck \Cluck\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Clucked}; p pr. & vb. n.
{Clucking}.] [AS. cloccian; cf. D. klokken, G. glucken,
glucksen, LG. klukken, Dan. klukke; all prob. of imitative
origin.]
To make the noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen.
--Ray.
Cluck \Cluck\, v. t.
To call together, or call to follow, as a hen does her
chickens.
She, poor hen, fond of no second brood, Has clucked
three to the wars. --Shak.
Cluck \Cluck\, n.
1. The call of a hen to her chickens.
2. A click. See 3d {Click}, 2.
Clucking \Cluck"ing\, n.
The noise or call of a brooding hen.
Clue \Clue\ (kl[=u]), n. [See {Clew}, n.]
A ball of thread; a thread or other means of guidance. Same
as {Clew}.
You have wound a goodly clue. --Shak.
This clue once found unravels all the rest. --Pope.
Serve as clues to guide us into further knowledge.
--Locke.
Clum \Clum\ (kl[u^]m), interj.
Silence; hush. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Clumber \Clum"ber\ (kl[u^]m"b[~e]r), n. [Named from the estate
of the Duke of Newcastle.] (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of field spaniel, with short legs and stout body,
which, unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.
Clump \Clump\ (kl[u^]mp), n. [Cf. D. klomp lump, G. klump,
klumpen, Dan. klump, Sw. klump; perh. akin to L. globus, E.
globe. Cf. {Club}.]
1. An unshaped piece or mass of wood or other substance.
2. A cluster; a group; a thicket.
A clump of shrubby trees. --Hawthorne.
3. The compressed clay of coal strata. --Brande & C.
Clump \Clump\, v. t.
To arrange in a clump or clumps; to cluster; to group.
--Blackmore.
Clump \Clump\, v. i.
To tread clumsily; to clamp. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Clumper \Clump"er\, v. t. [Cf. G. kl["u]mpern to clod. See
{Clump}, n.]
To form into clumps or masses. [Obs.]
Vapors . . . clumpered in balls of clouds. --Dr. H.
More.
Clumps \Clumps\, n.
A game in which questions are asked for the purpose of
enabling the questioners to discover a word or thing
previously selected by two persons who answer the questions;
-- so called because the players take sides in two ``clumps''
or groups, the ``clump'' which guesses the word winning the
game.
Clumpy \Clump"y\, a. [From {Clump}, n.]
Composed of clumps; massive; shapeless. --Leigh Hunt.
Clumsily \Clum"si*ly\, adv.
In a clumsy manner; awkwardly; as, to walk clumsily.
Clumsiness \Clum"si*ness\, n.
The quality of being clumsy.
The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to
clumsiness and ignorance. --Collier.
Clumsy \Clum"sy\, a. [Compar. {Clumsier}; superl. {Clumsiest}.]
[OE. clumsed benumbed, fr. clumsen to be benumbed; cf. Icel.
klumsa lockjaw, dial. Sw. klummsen benumbed with cold. Cf.
1st {Clam}, and 1st {Clamp}.]
1. Stiff or benumbed, as with cold. [Obs.]
2. Without skill or grace; wanting dexterity, nimbleness, or
readiness; stiff; awkward, as if benumbed; unwieldy;
unhandy; hence; ill-made, misshapen, or inappropriate; as,
a clumsy person; a clumsy workman; clumsy fingers; a
clumsy gesture; a clumsy excuse.
But thou in clumsy verse, unlicked, unpointed, Hast
shamefully defied the Lord's anointed. --Dryden.
Syn: See {Awkward}.
Clunch \Clunch\, n. [Perh. fr. clinch to make fast]
1. (Mining) Indurated clay. See {Bind}, n., 3.
2. One of the hard beds of the lower chalk. --Dana.
Clung \Clung\,
imp. & p. p. of {Cling}.
Clung \Clung\, a. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See
{Cling}, v. i.]
Wasted away; shrunken. [Obs.]
Cluniac \Clu"ni*ac\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A monk of the reformed branch of the Benedictine Order,
founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France. -- Also used
as a.
Cluniacensian \Clu`ni*a*cen"sian\, a.
Cluniac.
Clupeoid \Clu"pe*oid\, a. [L. clupea a kind of fish, NL.,
generic name of the herring + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Herring family.
Cluster \Clus"ter\, n. [AS. cluster, clyster; cf. LG. kluster
(also Sw. & Dan. klase a cluster of grapes, D. klissen to be
entangled?.)]
1. A number of things of the same kind growing together; a
bunch.
Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes,
Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine.
--Spenser.
2. A number of similar things collected together or lying
contiguous; a group; as, a cluster of islands. ``Cluster
of provinces.'' --Motley.
3. A number of individuals grouped together or collected in
one place; a crowd; a mob.
As bees . . . Pour forth their populous youth about
the hive In clusters. --Milton.
We loved him; but, like beasts And cowardly nobles,
gave way unto your clusters, Who did hoot him out o'
the city. --Shak.
Cluster \Clus"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Clustered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Clustering}.]
To grow in clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite
in a cluster or clusters.
His sunny hair Cluster'd about his temples, like a
god's. --Tennyson.
The princes of the country clustering together. --Foxe.
Cluster \Clus"ter\, v. t.
To collect into a cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch
or close body.
Not less the bee would range her cells, . . . The
foxglove cluster dappled bells. --Tennyson.
Or from the forest falls the clustered snow. --Thomson.
{Clustered column} (Arch.), a column which is composed, or
appears to be composed, of several columns collected
together.
Clusteringly \Clus"ter*ing*ly\, adv.
In clusters.
Clustery \Clus"ter*y\, a. [From {Cluster}, n.]
Growing in, or full of, clusters; like clusters. --Johnson.
Clutch \Clutch\ (kl[u^]ch; 224), n. [OE. cloche, cloke, claw,
Scot. clook, cleuck, also OE. cleche claw, clechen, cleken,
to seize; cf. AS. gel[ae]ccan (where ge- is a prefix) to
seize. Cf. {Latch} a catch.]
1. A gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or
claws; seizure; grasp. ``The clutch of poverty.''
--Cowper.
An expiring clutch at popularity. --Carlyle.
But Age, with his stealing steps, Hath clawed me in
his clutch. --Shak.
2. pl. The hands, claws, or talons, in the act of grasping
firmly; -- often figuratively, for power, rapacity, or
cruelty; as, to fall into the clutches of an adversary.
I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever
more come near the clutches of such a giant. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
3. (Mach.) A device which is used for coupling shafting,
etc., so as to transmit motion, and which may be
disengaged at pleasure.
4. Any device for gripping an object, as at the end of a
chain or tackle.
5. (Zo["o]l.) The nest complement of eggs of a bird.
{Bayonet clutch} (Mach.), a clutch in which connection is
made by means of bayonets attached to arms sliding on a
feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in a
crosshead fastened on the shaft.
Clutch \Clutch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Clutched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Clutching}.] [OE. clucchen. See {Clutch}, n.]
1. To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands, or claws;
-- often figuratively; as, to clutch power.
A man may set the poles together in his head, and
clutch the whole globe at one intellectual grasp.
--Collier.
Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . ? Come,
let me clutch thee. --Shak.
2. To close tightly; to clinch.
Not that I have the power to clutch my hand. --Shak.
Clutch \Clutch\, v. i.
To reach (at something) as if to grasp; to catch or snatch;
-- often followed by at.
Clutching at the phantoms of the stock market.
--Bankroft.
Clutter \Clut"ter\, n. [Cf. W. cludair heap, pile, cludeirio to
heap.]
1. A confused collection; hence, confusion; disorder; as, the
room is in a clutter.
He saw what a clutter there was with huge, overgrown
pots, pans, and spits. --L'Estrange.
2. Clatter; confused noise. --Swift.
Clutter \Clut"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cluttered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cluttering}.]
To crowd together in disorder; to fill or cover with things
in disorder; to throw into disorder; to disarrange; as, to
clutter a room.
Clutter \Clut"ter\, v. i.
To make a confused noise; to bustle.
It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled there.
--Tennyson.
Clutter \Clut"ter\, v. t. [From {Clod}, n.]
To clot or coagulate, as blood. [Obs.] --Holland.
Clypeastroid \Clyp`e*as"troid\, a. [NL. Clypeaster (L. clupeus
shield + aster star) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like or related to the genus {Clupeaster}; -- applied to a
group of flattened sea urchins, with a rosette of pores on
the upper side.
Clypeate \Clyp"e*ate\, a. [L. clupeatus, p. p. of clupeare to
arm with a shield, fr. clupeus, clipeus shield.]
1. (Bot.) Shaped like a round buckler or shield; scutate.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Furnished with a shield, or a protective plate
or shell.
Clypeiform \Clyp"e*i*form`\, a. [L. clupeus shield + -form.]
Shield-shaped; clypeate.
Clypeus \Clyp"e*us\, n.; pl. {Clypei}. [L., a shield.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The frontal plate of the head of an insect.
Clysmian \Clys"mi*an\, a. [Gr. ? a place washed by the waves,
fr. ?. See {Clyster}.]
Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a cataclysm;
as, clysmian changes. --Smart.
Clysmic \Clys"mic\, a.
Washing; cleansing.
Clyster \Clys"ter\, n. [L., fr. G. ?. fr. ? to wash off or out;
akin to Goth. hl[=u]trs pure, G. lauter: cf. F. clyst[`e]re]
(Med.)
A liquid injected into the lower intestines by means of a
syringe; an injection; an enema.
{Clyster pipe}, a tube or pipe used for injections.
Cnemial \Cne"mi*al\, a. [Gr. ? the tibia.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to the shin bone.
{Cnemial crest}, a crestlike prominence on the proximal end
of the tibia of birds and some reptiles.
Cnida \Cni"da\, n.; pl. {Cnid[ae]}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? nettle, sea
nettle.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the peculiar stinging, cells found in C[oe]lenterata;
a nematocyst; a lasso cell.
Cnidaria \Cni*da"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Cnida}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A comprehensive group equivalent to the true C[oe]lenterata,
i. e., exclusive of the sponges. They are so named from
presence of stinging cells (cnidae) in the tissues. See
{Coelenterata}.
Cnidoblast \Cni"do*blast\, n. [Cnida + -blast.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the cells which, in the C[oe]lenterata, develop into
cnid[ae].
Cnidocil \Cni"do*cil\, n. [Cnida + cilium eyelash.] (Zo["o]l.)
The fine filiform process of a cnidoblast.
Co- \Co-\
A form of the prefix com-, signifying with, together, in
conjunction, joint. It is used before vowels and some
consonants. See {Com-}.
Coacervate \Co`a*cer"vate\, a. [L. coacervatus, p. p. of
coacervare to heap up; co- + acervare. See {Acervate}.]
Raised into a pile; collected into a crowd; heaped. [R.]
--Bacon.
Coacervate \Co`a*cer"vate\, v. t.
To heap up; to pile. [R.]
Coacervation \Co*ac`er*va"tion\, n. [L. coacervatio.]
A heaping together. [R.] --Bacon.
Coach \Coach\ (?; 224), n. [F. coche, fr. It. cocchio, dim. of
cocca little boat, fr. L. concha mussel, mussel shell, Gr. ?,
akin to Skr. [,c]ankha. Cf. {Conch}, {Cockboat}, {Cockle}.]
1. A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage, having doors in
the sides, and generally a front and back seat inside,
each for two persons, and an elevated outside seat in
front for the driver.
Note: Coaches have a variety of forms, and differ in respect
to the number of persons they can carry. Mail coaches
and tallyho coaches often have three or more seats
inside, each for two or three persons, and seats
outside, sometimes for twelve or more.
2. A special tutor who assists in preparing a student for
examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's crew
for a race. [Colloq.]
Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester
coach. --G. Eliot.
3. (Naut.) A cabin on the after part of the quarter-deck,
usually occupied by the captain. [Written also {couch}.]
[Obs.]
The commanders came on board and the council sat in
the coach. --Pepys.
4. (Railroad) A first-class passenger car, as distinguished
from a drawing-room car, sleeping car, etc. It is
sometimes loosely applied to any passenger car.
Coach \Coach\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coached}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Coaching}.]
1. To convey in a coach. --Pope.
2. To prepare for public examination by private instruction;
to train by special instruction. [Colloq.]
I coached him before he got his scholarship. --G.
Eliot.
Coach \Coach\, v. i.
To drive or to ride in a coach; -- sometimes used with it.
[Colloq.] ``Coaching it to all quarters.'' --E. Waterhouse.
Coachbox \Coach"box`\
The seat of a coachman.
Coachdog \Coach"dog`\ (?; 115). (Zo["o]l.)
One of a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the
Dalmatian dog.
Coachee \Coach"ee\, n.
A coachman [Slang]
Coachfellow \Coach"fel`low\, n.
One of a pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence
(Fig.), a comrade. --Shak.
Coachman \Coach"man\, n.; pl. {Coachmen}.
1. A man whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A tropical fish of the Atlantic ocean ({Dutes
auriga}); -- called also {charioteer}. The name refers to
a long, lashlike spine of the dorsal fin.
Coachmanship \Coach"man*ship\, n.
Skill in driving a coach.
Coachwhip snake \Coach"whip` snake"\ (Zo["o]l.)
A large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United
States ({Masticophis flagelliformis}).
Note: Its long and tapering tail has the scales so arranged
and colored as to give it a braided appearance, whence
the name.
Coact \Co*act"\, v. t. [L. coactare, intens. fr. cogere,
coactum, to force. See {Cogent}.]
To force; to compel; to drive. [Obs.]
The faith and service of Christ ought to be voluntary
and not coacted. --Foxe.
Coact \Co*act"\, v. i. [Pref. co- + act, v. i.]
To act together; to work in concert; to unite. [Obs.]
But if I tell you how these two did coact. --Shak.
Coaction \Co*ac"tion\, n. [L. coactio.]
Force; compulsion, either in restraining or impelling.
--Sojth.
Coactive \Co*ac"tive\, a. [In sense 1, fr. 1st {Coact}; in sense
2, fr. 2d {Coact}.]
1. Serving to compel or constrain; compulsory; restrictive.
Any coactive power or the civil kind. --Bp.
Warburton.
2. Acting in concurrence; united in action.
With what's unreal thou coactive art. --Shak.
Coactively \Co*ac"tive*ly\, adv.
In a coactive manner.
Coactivity \Co`ac*tiv"i*ty\, n.
Unity of action.
Coadaptation \Co*ad`ap*ta"tion\, n.
Mutual adaption. --R. Owen.
Coadapted \Co`a*dapt"ed\, a.
Adapted one to another; as, coadapted pulp and tooth. --R.
Owen.
Coadjument \Co*ad"ju*ment\, n.
Mutual help; co["o]peration. [R.] --Johnson.
Coadjust \Co`ad*just"\, v. t.
To adjust by mutual adaptations. --R. Owen.
Coadjustment \Co`ad*just"ment\, n.
Mutual adjustment.
Coadjutant \Co*ad"ju*tant\, a.
Mutually assisting or operating; helping. --J. Philips.
Coadjutant \Co*ad"ju*tant\, n.
An assistant. --R. North.
Coadjuting \Co*ad"ju*ting\, a.
Mutually assisting. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Coadjutive \Co*ad"ju*tive\, a.
Rendering mutual aid; coadjutant. --Feltham.
Coadjutor \Co`ad*ju"tor\, n. [L. See {Co}-, and {Aid}.]
1. One who aids another; an assistant; a coworker.
Craftily outwitting her perjured coadjutor.
--Sheridan.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The assistant of a bishop or of a priest
holding a benefice.
Coadjutorship \Co`ad*ju"tor*ship\, n.
The state or office of a coadjutor; joint assistance. --Pope.
Coadjutress \Co`ad*ju"tress\, Coadjutrix \Co`ad*ju"trix\, n.
A female coadjutor or assistant. --Holland. Smollett.
Coadjuvancy \Co*ad"ju*van*cy\, n.
Joint help; co["o]peration. --Sir T. Browne.
Coadjuvant \Co*ad"ju*vant\, a.
Co["o]perating.
Coadjuvant \Co*ad"ju*vant\, n. (Med.)
An adjuvant.
Coadunate \Co*ad"u*nate\ (?; 135), a. [L. coadunatus, p. p. of
coadunare to unite. See {Adunation}.] (Bot.)
United at the base, as contiguous lobes of a leaf.
Coadunation \Co*ad`u*na"tion\, n. [L. coadunatio.]
Union, as in one body or mass; unity. --Jer. Taylor.
The coadunation of all the civilized provinces.
--Coleridge.
Coadunition \Co*ad`u*ni"tion\, n. [Pref. co- + pref. ad- +
unition.]
Coadunation. [R.] --Sir M. Hale.
Coadventure \Co`ad*ven"ture\ (?; 135), n.
An adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.
Coadventure \Co`ad*ven"ture\, v. i.
To share in a venture. --Howell.
Coadventurer \Co`ad*ven"tur*er\, n.
A fellow adventurer.
Coafforest \Co`af*for"est\, v. t.
To convert into, or add to, a forest. --Howell.
Coag \Coag\, n.
See {Coak}, a kind of tenon.
Coagency \Co*a"gen*cy\, n.
Agency in common; joint agency or agent. --Coleridge.
Coagent \Co*a"gent\, n.
An associate in an act; a coworker. --Drayton.
Coagment \Co`ag*ment"\, v. t. [L. coagmentare, fr. coagmentum a
joining together, fr. cogere. See {Cogent}.]
To join together. [Obs.] --Glanvill.
Coagmentation \Co*ag`men*ta"tion\, n. [L. coagmentatio.]
The act of joining, or the state of being joined, together;
union. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Coagulability \Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being coagulable; capacity of being
coagulated. --Ure.
Coagulable \Co*ag"u*la*ble\, a.
Capable of being coagulated. --Boyle.
Coagulant \Co*ag"u*lant\, n. [L. coagulans, p. pr.]
That which produces coagulation.
Coagulate \Co*ag"u*late\, a. [L. coagulatus, p. p. of coagulare
to coagulate, fr. coagulum means of coagulation, fr. cogere,
coactum, to drive together, coagulate. See {Cogent}.]
Coagulated. [Obs.] --Shak.
Coagulate \Co*ag"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coagulated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Coagulating}.]
To cause (a liquid) to change into a curdlike or semisolid
state, not by evaporation but by some kind of chemical
reaction; to curdle; as, rennet coagulates milk; heat
coagulates the white of an egg.
Coagulate \Co*ag"u*late\, v. i.
To undergo coagulation. --Boyle.
Syn: To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot; congeal.
Coagulated \Co*ag"u*la`ted\, a.
Changed into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass;
curdled.
{Coagulated proteid} (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of
bodies formed in the coagulation of a albuminous substance
by heat, acids, or other agents.
Coagulation \Co*ag`u*la"tion\, n. [L. coagulatio.]
1. The change from a liquid to a thickened, curdlike,
insoluble state, not by evaporation, but by some kind of
chemical reaction; as, the spontaneous coagulation of
freshly drawn blood; the coagulation of milk by rennet, or
acid, and the coagulation of egg albumin by heat.
Coagulation is generally the change of an albuminous body
into an insoluble modification.
2. The substance or body formed by coagulation.
Coagulative \Co*ag"u*la*tive\, a.
Having the power to cause coagulation; as, a coagulative
agent. --Boyle.
Coagulator \Co*ag"u*la`tor\, n.
That which causes coagulation. --Hixley.
Coagulatory \Co*ag"u*la*to*ry\, a.
Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; as,
coagulatory effects. --Boyle.
Coagulum \Co*ag"u*lum\, n.; pl. {Coagula}. [L. See {Coagulate},
a.]
The thick, curdy precipitate formed by the coagulation of
albuminous matter; any mass of coagulated matter, as a clot
of blood.
Coaita \Co*ai"ta\ (k[-o]*[aum][i^]"t[.a]), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The native name of certain South American monkeys of the
genus {Ateles}, esp. {A. paniscus}. The black-faced coaita is
{Ateles ater}. See Illustration in Appendix.
Coak \Coak\ (k[=o]k), n.
See {Coke}, n.
Coak \Coak\, n.
1. (Carp.) A kind of tenon connecting the face of a scarfed
timber with the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin
of hard wood or iron uniting timbers. [Also spelt {coag}.]
2. A metallic bushing or strengthening piece in the center of
a wooden block sheave.
Coak \Coak\, v. t. (Carp.)
To unite, as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the
edges or faces. --Totten.
Coal \Coal\, n. [AS. col; akin to D. kool, OHG. chol, cholo, G.
kohle, Icel. kol, pl., Sw. kol, Dan. kul; cf. Skr. jval to
burn. Cf. {Kiln}, {Collier}.]
1. A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited,
fragment from wood or other combustible substance;
charcoal.
2. (Min.) A black, or brownish black, solid, combustible
substance, dug from beds or veins in the earth to be used
for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal, mainly of carbon,
but more compact, and often affording, when heated, a
large amount of volatile matter.
Note: This word is often used adjectively, or as the first
part of self-explaining compounds; as, coal-black; coal
formation; coal scuttle; coal ship. etc.
Note: In England the plural coals is used, for the broken
mineral coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put coals
on the fire. In the United States the singular in a
collective sense is the customary usage; as, a hod of
coal.
{Age of coal plants}. See {Age of Acrogens}, under {Acrogen}.
{Anthracite} or {Glance coal}. See {Anthracite}.
{Bituminous coal}. See under {Bituminous}.
{Blind coal}. See under {Blind}.
{Brown coal}, or {Lignite}. See {Lignite}.
{Caking coal}, a bituminous coal, which softens and becomes
pasty or semi-viscid when heated. On increasing the heat,
the volatile products are driven off, and a coherent,
grayish black, cellular mass of coke is left.
{Cannel coal}, a very compact bituminous coal, of fine
texture and dull luster. See {Cannel coal}.
{Coal bed} (Geol.), a layer or stratum of mineral coal.
{Coal breaker}, a structure including machines and machinery
adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal.
{Coal field} (Geol.), a region in which deposits of coal
occur. Such regions have often a basinlike structure, and
are hence called {coal basins}. See {Basin}.
{Coal gas}, a variety of carbureted hydrogen, procured from
bituminous coal, used in lighting streets, houses, etc.,
and for cooking and heating.
{Coal heaver}, a man employed in carrying coal, and esp. in
putting it in, and discharging it from, ships.
{Coal measures}. (Geol.)
(a) Strata of coal with the attendant rocks.
(b) A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between
the millstone grit below and the Permian formation
above, and including nearly all the workable coal beds
of the world.
{Coal oil}, a general name for mineral oils; petroleum.
{Coal plant} (Geol.), one of the remains or impressions of
plants found in the strata of the coal formation.
{Coal tar}. See in the Vocabulary.
{To haul over the coals}, to call to account; to scold or
censure. [Colloq.]
{Wood coal}. See {Lignite}.
Coal \Coal\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coaled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Coaling}.]
1. To burn to charcoal; to char. [R.]
Charcoal of roots, coaled into great pieces.
--Bacon.
2. To mark or delineate with charcoal. --Camden.
3. To supply with coal; as, to coal a steamer.
Coal \Coal\, v. i.
To take in coal; as, the steamer coaled at Southampton.
Coal-black \Coal"-black`\ (-bl[a^]k`), a.
As black as coal; jet black; very black. --Dryden.
Coalery \Coal"er*y\, n. [Obs.]
See {Colliery}.
Coalesce \Co`a*lesce"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Coalesced}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Coalescing}.] [L. coalescere, coalitium; co- +
alescere to grow up, incho. fr. alere to nourish. See
{Aliment}, n.]
1. To grow together; to unite by growth into one body; as,
the parts separated by a wound coalesce.
2. To unite in one body or product; to combine into one body
or community; as, vapors coalesce.
The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other
nations. --Campbell.
Certain combinations of ideas that, once coalescing,
could not be shaken loose. --De Quincey.
Syn: See {Add}.
Coalescence \Co`a*les"cence\, n.
The act or state of growing together, as similar parts; the
act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state
of being united; union; concretion.
Coalescent \Co`a*les"cent\, a. [L. coalescens, p. pr.]
Growing together; cohering, as in the organic cohesion of
similar parts; uniting.
Coalfish \Coal"fish`\, n. [Named from the dark color of the
back.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The pollock; -- called also, {coalsey}, {colemie},
{colmey}, {coal whiting}, etc. See {Pollock}.
(b) The beshow or candlefish of Alaska.
(c) The cobia.
Coalgoose \Coal"goose`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The cormorant; -- so called from its black color.
Coalite \Co"a*lite\, v. i. [L. coalitus, p. p. of coalescere.
See {Coalesce}.]
To unite or coalesce. [Obs.]
Let them continue to coalite. --Bolingbroke.
Coalite \Co"a*lite\, v. t.
To cause to unite or coalesce. [Obs.]
Time has by degrees blended . . . and coalited the
conquered with the conquerors. --Burke.
Coalition \Co`a*li"tion\, n. [LL. coalitio: cf. F. coalition.
See {Coalesce}.]
1. The act of coalescing; union into a body or mass, as of
separate bodies or parts; as, a coalition of atoms.
--Bentley.
2. A combination, for temporary purposes, of persons,
parties, or states, having different interests.
A coalition of the puritan and the blackleg. --J.
Randolph.
The coalition between the religious and worldly
enemies of popery. --Macaulay.
Syn: Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league;
combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.
Coalitioner \Co`a*li"tion*er\, n.
A coalitionist.
Coalitionist \Co`a*li"tion*ist\, n.
One who joins or promotes a coalition; one who advocates
coalition.
Co-ally \Co`-al*ly"\, n.; pl. {Co-allies}.
A joint ally. --Kent.
Coal-meter \Coal"-me`ter\, n.
A licensed or official coal measurer in London. See {Meter}.
--Simmonds.
Coalmouse \Coal"mouse`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small species of titmouse, with a black head; the coletit.
Coalpit \Coal"pit`\, n.
1. A pit where coal is dug.
2. A place where charcoal is made. [U. S.]
Coal tar \Coal" tar`\
A thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by the distillation of
bituminous coal in the manufacture of illuminating gas; used
for making printer's ink, black varnish, etc. It is a complex
mixture from which many substances have been obtained,
especially hydrocarbons of the benzene or aromatic series.
Note: Among its important ingredients are benzene, aniline,
phenol, naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are
respectively typical of many dye stuffs, as the aniline
dyes, the phthale["i]ns, indigo, alizarin, and many
flavoring extracts whose artificial production is a
matter of great commercial importance.
Coal-whipper \Coal"-whip`per\, n.
One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.]
--Dickens.
Coal works \Coal" works\
A place where coal is dug, including the machinery for
raising the coal.
Coaly \Coal"y\, a. [From {Coal}, n.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, coal; containing coal; of the
nature of coal.
Coamings \Coam"ings\, n. pl. [Cf. {Comb} a crest.] (Naut.)
Raised pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or
other opening in the deck, to prevent water from running
bellow; esp. the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as
distinguished from the transverse head ledges. [Written also
{combings}.]
Coannex \Co`an*nex"\, v. t.
To annex with something else.
Coaptation \Co`ap*ta"tion\, n. [L. coaptatio, fr. coaptare to
fit together; co- + aptare. See {Aptate}.]
The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a
broken bone or dislocated joint.
Coarct \Co*arct"\, Coarctate \Co*arc"tate\, v. t. [See
{Coarctate}, a.]
1. To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine
closely. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. To restrain; to confine. [Obs.] --Ayliffe.
Coarctate \Co*arc"tate\, a. [L. coarctatus, p. p. of coarctare
to press together; co- + arctare to press together, from
arctus, p. p. See {Arctation}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Pressed together; closely connected; -- applied to insects
having the abdomen separated from the thorax only by a
constriction.
{Coarctate pupa} (Zo["o]l.), a pupa closely covered by the
old larval skin, as in most Diptera.
Coarctation \Co`arc*ta"tion\, n. [L. coarctatio.]
1. Confinement to a narrow space. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. Pressure; that which presses. [Obs.] --Ray.
3. (Med.) A stricture or narrowing, as of a canal, cavity, or
orifice.
Coarse \Coarse\, a. [Compar. {Coarser}; superl. {Coarsest}.] [As
this word was anciently written course, or cours, it may be
an abbreviation of of course, in the common manner of
proceeding, common, and hence, homely, made for common
domestic use, plain, rude, rough, gross, e. g., ``Though the
threads be course.'' --Gascoigne. See {Course}.]
1. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or particles; of
inferior quality or appearance; not fine in material or
close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to
{fine}; as, coarse sand; coarse thread; coarse cloth;
coarse bread.
2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross; indelicate;
as, coarse manners; coarse language.
I feel Of what coarse metal ye are molded. --Shak.
To copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful
expressions. --Dryden.
Syn: Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth; unpolished;
inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.
Coarse-grained \Coarse"-grained`\, a.
Having a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in
refinement.
Coarsely \Coarse"ly\, adv.
In a coarse manner; roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly;
meanly.
Coarsen \Coars"en\ (k[=o]rs"'n), v. t.
To make coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's character.
[R.] --Graham.
Coarseness \Coarse"ness\ (k[=o]rs"n[e^]s), n.
The quality or state of being coarse; roughness; inelegance;
vulgarity; grossness; as, coarseness of food, texture,
manners, or language. ``The coarseness of the sackcloth.''
--Dr. H. More.
Pardon the coarseness of the illustration.
--L'Estrange.
A coarseness and vulgarity in all the proceedings.
--Burke.
Coarticulation \Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion\, n. (Anat.)
The union or articulation of bones to form a joint.
Co-assessor \Co`-as*sess"or\, n.
A joint assessor.
Coast \Coast\, n. [OF. coste, F. c[^o]te, rib, hill, shore,
coast, L. costa rib, side. Cf. {Accost}, v. t., {Cutlet}.]
1. The side of a thing. [Obs.] --Sir I. Newton.
2. The exterior line, limit, or border of a country; frontier
border. [Obs.]
From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the
uttermost sea, shall your coast be. --Deut. xi.
24.
3. The seashore, or land near it.
He sees in English ships the Holland coast.
--Dryden.
We the Arabian coast do know At distance, when the
species blow. --Waller.
{The coast is clear}, the danger is over; no enemy in sight.
--Dryden. Fig.: There are no obstacles. ``Seeing that the
coast was clear, Zelmane dismissed Musidorus.'' --Sir P.
Sidney.
{Coast guard}.
(a) A body of men originally employed along the coast to
prevent smuggling; now, under the control of the
admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve. [Eng.]
(b) The force employed in life-saving stations along the
seacoast. [U. S.]
{Coast rat} (Zo["o]l.), a South African mammal ({Bathyergus
suillus}), about the size of a rabbit, remarkable for its
extensive burrows; -- called also {sand mole}.
{Coast waiter}, a customhouse officer who superintends the
landing or shipping of goods for the coast trade. [Eng.]
Coast \Coast\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Coasted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Coasting}.] [OE. costien, costeien, costen, OF. costier,
costoier, F. c[^o]toyer, fr. Of. coste coast, F. c[^o]te. See
{Coast}, n.]
1. To draw or keep near; to approach. [Obs.]
Anon she hears them chant it lustily, And all in
haste she coasteth to the cry. --Shak.
2. To sail by or near the shore.
The ancients coasted only in their navigation.
--Arbuthnot.
3. To sail from port to port in the same country.
4. [Cf. OF. coste, F. c[^o]te, hill, hillside.] To slide down
hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]
Coast \Coast\, v. t.
1. To draw near to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side
of. [Obs.] --Hakluyt.
2. To sail by or near; to follow the coast line of.
Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to
coast that shore. --Sir T.
Browne.
3. To conduct along a coast or river bank. [Obs.]
The Indians . . . coasted me along the river.
--Hakluyt.
Coastal \Coast"al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a coast.
Coaster \Coast"er\, n.
1. A vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in
the coasting trade.
2. One who sails near the shore.
Coasting \Coast"ing\, a.
Sailing along or near a coast, or running between ports along
a coast.
{Coasting trade}, trade carried on by water between
neighboring ports of the same country, as distinguished
from foreign trade or trade involving long voyages.
{Coasting vessel}, a vessel employed in coasting; a coaster.
Coasting \Coast"ing\, n.
1. A sailing along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying
on a coasting trade.
2. Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow or ice.
[Local, U. S.]
Coastwise \Coast"wise`\ (-w[imac]z`), Coastways \Coast"ways`\,
adv.
By way of, or along, the coast.
Coat \Coat\ (k[=o]t; 110), n. [OF. cote, F. cotte, petticoat,
cotte d'armes coat of arms, cotte de mailles coat of mail,
LL. cota, cotta, tunic, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG.
chozzo coarse mantle, G. klotze, D. kot, hut, E. cot. Cf.
{Cot} a hut.]
1. An outer garment fitting the upper part of the body;
especially, such a garment worn by men.
Let each His adamantine coat gird well. --Milton.
2. A petticoat. [Obs.] ``A child in coats.'' --Locke.
3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the
order or office; cloth.
Men of his coat should be minding their prayers.
--Swift.
She was sought by spirits of richest coat. --Shak.
4. An external covering like a garment, as fur, skin, wool,
husk, or bark; as, the horses coats were sleek.
Fruit of all kinds, in coat Rough or smooth rined,
or bearded husk, or shell. --Milton.
5. A layer of any substance covering another; a cover; a
tegument; as, the coats of the eye; the coats of an onion;
a coat of tar or varnish.
6. Same as Coat of arms. See below.
Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight, Or tear
the lions out of England's coat. --Shak.
7. A coat card. See below. [Obs.]
Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were
ranked with coats as long as old master lived.
--Massinger.
{Coat armor}. See under {Armor}.
{Coat of arms} (Her.), a translation of the French cotte
d'armes, a garment of light material worn over the armor
in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was often charged
with the heraldic bearings of the wearer. Hence, an
heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person, taken
together.
{Coat card}, a card bearing a coated figure; the king, queen,
or knave of playing cards. ```I am a coat card indeed.'
`Then thou must needs be a knave, for thou art neither
king nor queen.''' --Rowley.
{Coat link}, a pair of buttons or studs joined by a link, to
hold together the lappels of a double-breasted coat; or a
button with a loop for a single-breasted coat.
{Coat of mail}, a defensive garment of chain mail. See {Chain
mail}, under {Chain}.
{Mast coat} (Naut.), a piece of canvas nailed around a mast,
where it passes through the deck, to prevent water from
getting below.
{Sail coat} (Naut.), a canvas cover laced over furled sails,
and the like, to keep them dry and clean.
Coat \Coat\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Coating}.]
1. To cover with a coat or outer garment.
2. To cover with a layer of any substance; as, to coat a jar
with tin foil; to coat a ceiling.
Coatee \Coat*ee"\, n.
A coat with short flaps.
Coati \Co*a"ti\ (k[-o]*[aum]"t[-e] or k[-o]*[=a]"t[i^]), n.
[From the native name: cf. F. coati.] (Zo["o]l.)
A mammal of tropical America of the genus {Nasua}, allied to
the raccoon, but with a longer body, tail, and nose.
Note: The red coati ({N. socialis}), called also {coati
mondi}, inhabits Mexico and Central America. The brown
coati ({N. narica}) is found in Surinam and Brazil.
Coating \Coat"ing\, n.
1. A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover
or protection; as, the coating of a retort or vial.
2. Cloth for coats; as, an assortment of coatings.
Coatless \Coat"less\, a.
Not wearing a coat; also, not possessing a coat.
Coax \Coax\ (?; 110), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coaxed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Coaxing}.] [Cf. OE. cokes fool, a person easily imposed
upon, W. coeg empty, foolish; F. coquin knave, rogue.]
To persuade by gentle, insinuating courtesy, flattering, or
fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.
Syn: To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.
Coax \Coax\, n.
A simpleton; a dupe. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Coaxation \Co`ax*a"tion\, n. [Gr. ? the noise of frogs.]
The act of croaking. [R] --Dr. H. More.
Coaxer \Coax"er\, n.
One who coaxes.
Coaxingly \Coax"ing*ly\, adv.
In a coaxing manner; by coaxing.
Cob \Cob\, n. [Cf. AS. cop, copp, head, top, D. kop, G. kopf,
kuppe, LL. cuppa cup (cf. E. brainpan), and also W. cob tuft,
spider, cop, copa, top, summit, cobio to thump. Cf. {Cop}
top, {Cup}, n.]
1. The top or head of anything. [Obs.] --W. Gifford.
2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a rich
covetous person. [Obs.]
All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies
and their bags their god, are called rich cobs.
--Nash.
3. The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian corn
grow. [U. S.]
4. (Zo["o]l.) A spider; perhaps from its shape; it being
round like a head.
5. (Zo["o]l.) A young herring. --B. Jonson.
6. (Zo["o]l.) A fish; -- also called {miller's thumb}.
7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used for the
saddle. [Eng.]
8. (Zo["o]l.) A sea mew or gull; esp., the black-backed gull
({Larus marinus}). [Written also {cobb}.]
9. A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large
size, as of coal, or stone.
10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs. See {Cobnut}. [Eng.]
11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov. Eng.]
The poor cottager contenteth himself with cob for
his walls, and thatch for his covering. --R. Carew.
12. A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the
buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood. --Wright.
13. A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland, worth abiut
4s. 6d. [Obs.] --Wright.
{Cob coal}, coal in rounded lumps from the size of an egg to
that of a football; -- called also {cobbles}. --Grose.
{Cob loaf}, a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top. --Wright.
{Cob money}, a kind of rudely coined gold and silver money of
Spanish South America in the eighteenth century. The coins
were of the weight of the piece of eight, or one of its
aliquot parts.
Cob \Cob\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cobbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cobbing}.]
1. To strike [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
2. (Mining) To break into small pieces, as ore, so as to sort
out its better portions. --Raymond.
3. (Naut.) To punish by striking on the buttocks with a
strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.
Cobaea \Co*b[ae]"a\ (k[-o]*b[=e]"[.a]), n. [Named after D. Cobo,
a Spanish botanist.]
A genus of climbing plants, native of Mexico and South
America. {C. scandens} is a conservatory climber with large
bell-shaped flowers.
Cobalt \Co"balt\ (k[=o]"b[o^]lt; 277, 74), n. [G. kobalt, prob.
fr. kobold, kobel, goblin, MHG. kobolt; perh. akin to G.
koben pigsty, hut, AS. cofa room, cofgodas household gods,
Icel. kofi hut. If so, the ending -old stands for older
-walt, -wald, being the same as -ald in E. herald and the
word would mean ruler or governor in a house, house spirit,
the metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous
and troublesome. Cf. {Kobold}, {Cove}, {Goblin}.]
1. (Chem.) A tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron
group, not easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic
weight 59.1. Symbol Co.
Note: It occurs in nature in combination with arsenic,
sulphur, and oxygen, and is obtained from its ores,
smaltite, cobaltite, asbolite, etc. Its oxide colors
glass or any flux, as borax, a fine blue, and is used
in the manufacture of smalt. It is frequently
associated with nickel, and both are characteristic
ingredients of meteoric iron.
2. A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly poison.
{Cobalt bloom}. Same as {Erythrite}.
{Cobalt blue}, a dark blue pigment consisting of some salt of
cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; -- called
also {cobalt ultramarine}, and {Thenard's blue}.
{Cobalt crust}, earthy arseniate of cobalt.
{Cobalt glance}. (Min.) See {Cobaltite}.
{Cobalt green}, a pigment consisting essentially of the
oxides of cobalt and zinc; -- called also {Rinman's
green}.
{Cobalt yellow} (Chem.), a yellow crystalline powder,
regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.
Cobaltic \Co*balt"ic\ (?; 74), a. [Cf. F. cobaltique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said
especially of those compounds in which cobalt has higher
valence; as, cobaltic oxide.
{Luteo-cobaltic compounds} (Chem.), an extensive series of
complex yellow compounds of ammonia and cobaltic salts.
{Roseo-cobaltic compounds} (Chem.), an extensive series of
complex red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications
of these are the {purpureo-cobaltic compounds}.
Cobaltiferous \Co`balt*if"er*ous\, a. [Cobalt + -ferous.] (Min.)
Containing cobalt.
Cobaltine \Co"balt*ine\, Cobaltite \Co"balt*ite\n. (Min.)
A mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of
arsenic, sulphur, and cobalt.
Cobaltous \Co*balt"ous\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said
esp. of cobalt compounds in which the metal has its lower
valence.
{Cobaltous chloride}, a crystalline compound, {CoCl2}, of a
pale rose color when hydrous, blue when dehydrated. Its
solution is used for a sympathetic ink, the writing being
nearly colorless when dried in the air, owing to absorbed
moisture, and becoming bright blue when warmed.
Cobbing \Cob"bing\, a.
Haughty; purse-proud. See {Cob}, n., 2. [Obs.] --Withals
(1608).
Cobble \Cob"ble\, n.
A fishing boat. See {Coble}.
Cobble \Cob"ble\, n. [From {Cob} a lump. See {Cob}, n., 9, and
cf. {Copple}, {Copplestone}.]
1. A cobblestone. ``Their slings held cobbles round.''
--Fairfax.
2. pl. Cob coal. See under {Cob}.
Cobble \Cob"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cobbled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cobbling}.] [OF. cobler, copler, to join or knit together,
couple, F. coupler, L. copulare to couple, join. Cf.
{Couple}, n. & v. t.]
1. To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch; as, to
cobble shoes. --Shak. ``A cobbled saddle.'' --Thackeray.
2. To make clumsily. ``Cobbled rhymes.'' --Dryden.
3. To pave with cobblestones.
Cobbler \Cob"bler\, n.
1. A mender of shoes. --Addison.
2. A clumsy workman. --Shak.
3. A beverage. See {Sherry cobbler}, under {Sherry}.
{Cobbler fish} (Zo["o]l.), a marine fish ({Blepharis
crinitus}) of the Atlantic. The name alludes to its
threadlike fin rays.
Cobblestone \Cob"ble*stone`\, n.
A large pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled;
a small boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other
purposes.
Cobby \Cob"by\, a. [From {Cob}, n.]
1. Headstrong; obstinate. [Obs.] --Brockett.
2. Stout; hearty; lively. [Obs.]
Cobelligerent \Co`bel*lig"er*ent\, a.
Carrying on war in conjunction with another power.
Cobelligerent \Co`bel*lig"er*ent\, n.
A nation or state that carries on war in connection with
another.
Cobia \Co"bi*a\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An oceanic fish of large size ({Elacate canada}); the
crabeater; -- called also {bonito}, {cubbyyew}, {coalfish},
and {sergeant fish}.
Cobiron \Cob"i`ron\, n. [From {Cob} the top.]
An andiron with a knob at the top. --Bacon.
Cobishop \Co`bish"op\, n.
A joint or coadjutant bishop. --Ayliffe.
Coble \Co"ble\, n. [AS. cuopel; cf. W. ceubal skiff, ferryboat.]
A flat-floored fishing boat with a lug sail, and a drop
rudder extending from two to four feet below the keel. It was
originally used on the stormy coast of Yorkshire, England.
Cobnut \Cob"nut`\, n.
1. (Com.) A large roundish variety of the cultivated
hazelnut.
2. A game played by children with nuts.
Coboose \Co*boose"\, n.
See {Caboose}.
Cobourg \Co"bourg\, n. [Named from the town of Coburg in
Germany.]
A thin worsted fabric for women's dresses.
Cobra \Co"bra\, n.
See {Copra}.
Cobra \Co"bra\, n.
The cobra de capello.
Cobra de capello \Co"bra de ca*pel"lo\ [Pg., serpent of the
hood.] (Zo["o]l.)
The hooded snake ({Naia tripudians}), a highly venomous
serpent inhabiting India.
Cobstone \Cob"stone`\, n.
Cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.]
Cobswan \Cob"swan`\, n.
A large swan. --B. Jonson.
Cobwall \Cob"wall`\, n. [Cob clay mixed with straw + wall.]
A wall made of clay mixed with straw.
Cobweb \Cob"web`\, n. [Cob a spider + web.]
1. The network spread by a spider to catch its prey.
2. A snare of insidious meshes designed to catch the ignorant
and unwary.
I can not but lament thy splendid wit Entangled in
the cobwebs of the schools. --Cowper.
3. That which is thin and unsubstantial, or flimsy and
worthless; rubbish.
The dust and cobwebs of that uncivil age. --Sir P.
Sidney.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The European spotted flycatcher.
{Cobweb lawn}, a fine linen, mentioned in 1640 as being in
pieces of fifteen yards. --Beck. Draper's Dict.
Such a proud piece of cobweb lawn. --Beau. & Fl.
{Cobweb micrometer}, a micrometer in which threads of cobweb
are substituted for wires.
Cobwebbed \Cob"webbed`\, a.
Abounding in cobwebs. ``The cobwebbed cottage.'' --Young.
Cobwebby \Cob"web`by\, a.
Abounding in cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.
Cobwork \Cob"work`\, a.
Built of logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends
dovetailed together at the corners, as in a log house; in
marine work, often surrounding a central space filled with
stones; as, a cobwork dock or breakwater.
Coca \Co"ca\, n. [Sp., fr. native name.]
The dried leaf of a South American shrub ({Erythroxylon
Coca}). In med., called Erythroxylon.
Note: Coca leaves resemble tea leaves in size, shape, and
odor, and are chewed (with an alkali) by natives of
Peru and Bolivia to impart vigor in prolonged exertion,
or to sustain strength in absence of food.
{Mexican coca}, an American herb ({Richardsonia scabra}),
yielding a nutritious fodder. Its roots are used as a
substitute for ipecacuanha.
Cocagne \Coc*agne"\, n. [F. cocagne, pays de cocagne; of
uncertian origin, cf. Prov. F. couque cake, Catal. coca, L.
coquere to cook; as if the houses in this country were
covered with cakes. Cf. {Cook}, {Cockney}.]
1. An imaginary country of idleness and luxury.
2. The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a term applied to
London and its suburbs. --Smart.
Cocaine \Co"ca*ine\, n. (Chem.)
A powerful alkaloid, {C17H21NO4}, obtained from the leaves of
coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline substance, and is
remarkable for producing local insensibility to pain.
Cocciferous \Coc*cif"er*ous\, a. [L. coccum a berry + -ferous.
See {Coccus}.]
Bearing or producing berries; bacciferous; as, cocciferous
trees or plants.
Coccinella \Coc`ci*nel"la\, n. [NL., fr. L. coccineus
scarlet-colored. See {Cochoneal}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of small beetles of many species. They and their
larv[ae] feed on aphids or plant lice, and hence are of great
benefit to man. Also called {ladybirds} and {ladybugs}.
Coccobacterium \Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um\, n.; pl. {Coccobacteria}.
[NL., fr. Gr. ? a grain + NL. bacterium. So called from its
round shape.] (Biol.)
One of the round variety of bacteria, a vegetable organism,
generally less than a thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.
Coccolite \Coc"co*lite\, n. [Gr. ? a grain, seed + -lite: cf. F.
coccalite.] (Min.)
A granular variety of pyroxene, green or white in color.
Coccolith \Coc"co*lith\, n. [Gr. ? a grain, seed + -lith.]
(Biol.)
One of a kind of minute, calcareous bodies, probably
vegetable, often abundant in deep-sea mud.
Coccosphere \Coc"co*sphere\, n. [Gr. ? a grain, seed + E.
sphere.] (Biol.)
A small, rounded, marine organism, capable of braking up into
coccoliths.
Coccosteus \Coc*cos"te*us\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? grain, seed + ?
bone.] (Paleon.)
An extinct genus of Devonian ganoid fishes, having the broad
plates about the head studded with berrylike tubercles.
Cocculus Indicus \Coc"cu*lus In"di*cus\, n. [NL. cocculus (dim.
of L. coccum kermes berry) + L. Indicus of India.] (Bot.)
The fruit or berry of the {Anamirta Cocculus}, a climbing
plant of the East Indies. It is a poisonous narcotic and
stimulant.
Coccus \Coc"cus\, n.; pl. {Cocci}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? grain, seed.
See {Cochineal}.]
1. (Bot.) One of the separable carpels of a dry fruit.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of hemipterous insects, including scale
insects, and the cochineal insect ({Coccus cacti}).
3. (Biol.) A form of bacteria, shaped like a globule.
Coccygeal \Coc*cyg"e*al\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the coccyx; as, the coccygeal
vertebr[ae].
{Coccygeal glands} (Zo["o]l.), glands situated at the base of
the tail of birds. They secrete the oil with which the
plumage is dressed.
Coccygeous \Coc*cyg"e*ous\, a.
Coccygeal. [R.]
Coccyx \Coc"cyx\, n.; pl. L. {Coccyges}. [L., cuckoo, Gr. ?,
cuckoo, coccyx. So called from its resemblance to the beak of
a cuckoo.] (Anat.)
The end of the vertebral column beyond the sacrum in man and
tailless monkeys. It is composed of several vertebr[ae] more
or less consolidated.
Cochineal \Coch"i*neal\ (?; 277), [Sp. cochinilla, dim. from L.
coccineus, coccinus, scarlet, fr. coccum the kermes berry, G.
? berry, especially the kermes insect, used to dye scarlet,
as the cohineal was formerly supposed to be the grain or seed
of a plant, and this word was formerly defined to be the
grain of the {Quercus coccifera}; but cf. also Sp. cochinilla
wood louse, dim. of cochina sow, akin to F. cochon pig.]
A dyestuff consisting of the dried bodies of females of the
{Coccus cacti}, an insect native in Mexico, Central America,
etc., and found on several species of cactus, esp. {Opuntia
cochinellifera}.
Note: These insects are gathered from the plant, killed by
the application of heat, and exposed to the sun to dry.
When dried they resemble small, rough berries or seeds,
of a brown or purple color, and form the cochineal of
the shops, which is used for making carmine, and also
as a red dye.
Note: Cochineal contains as its essential coloring matter
carminic acid, a purple red amorphous substance which
yields carmine red.
Cochineal fig \Coch"i*neal fig\, (Bot.)
A plant of Central and Southern America, of the Cactus
family, extensively cultivated for the sake of the cochineal
insect, which lives on it.
Cochin fowl \Co"chin fowl`\, (Zo["o]l.)
A large variety of the domestic fowl, originally from Cochin
China (Anam).
Cochlea \Coch"le*a\, n. [L., a snail, or snail shell, Gr. ? a
snail, fr. ? a shellfish with a spiral shell.] (Anat.)
An appendage of the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is
elongated and coiled into a spiral in mammals. See {Ear}.
Cochlear \Coch"le*ar\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the cochlea.
Cochleare \Coch`le*a"re\, n. [L.]
1. A spoon. --Andrews.
2. (Med) A spoonful. --Dungleson.
Cocleariform \Coc`le*ar"i*form\, a. [Cochleare + -form.]
Spoon-shaped.
Cochleary \Coch"le*a*ry\, a. [L. cochlearum penfor snails
(meaning formerly given, snail shell). See {Cjchlea}.]
Same as {Cochleate}.
Cochleate \Coch"le*ate\, Cochleated \Coch"le*a`ted\, a. [L.
cochleatus spiral or screw-formed. See {Cochlea}.]
Having the form of a snail shell; spiral; turbinated.
Cock \Cock\, n. [AS. coc; of unknown origin, perh. in imitation
of the cry of the cock. Cf. {Chicken}.]
1. The male of birds, particularly of gallinaceous or
domestic fowls.
2. A vane in the shape of a cock; a weathercock.
Drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! --Shak.
3. A chief man; a leader or master. [Humorous]
Sir Andrew is the cock of the club, since he left
us. --Addison.
4. The crow of a cock, esp. the first crow in the morning;
cockcrow. [Obs.]
He begins at curfew, and walks till the first cock.
--Shak.
5. A faucet or valve.
Note: Jonsons says, ``The handly probably had a cock on the
top; things that were contrived to turn seem anciently
to have had that form, whatever was the reason.''
Skinner says, because it used to be constructed in
forma crit[ae] galli, i.e., in the form of a cock's
comb.
6. The style of gnomon of a dial. --Chambers.
7. The indicator of a balance. --Johnson.
8. The bridge piece which affords a bearing for the pivot of
a balance in a clock or watch. --Knight.
{Ball cock}. See under {Ball}.
{Chaparral cock}. See under {Chaparral}.
{Cock and bull story}, {an extravagant}, boastful story; a
canard.
{Cock of the plains} (Zo["o]l.) See {Sage cock}.
{Cock of the rock} (Zo["o]l.), a South American bird
({Rupicola aurantia}) having a beautiful crest.
{Cock of the walk}, a chief or master; the hero of the hour;
one who has overcrowed, or got the better of, rivals or
competitors.
{Cock of the woods}. See {Capercailzie}.
Cock \Cock\ (k[o^]k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cocked} (k[o^]kt); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cocking}.] [Cf. Gael. coc to cock.]
1. To set erect; to turn up.
Our Lightfoot barks, and cocks his ears. --Gay.
Dick would cock his nose in scorn. --Swift.
2. To shape, as a hat, by turning up the brim.
3. To set on one side in a pert or jaunty manner.
They cocked their hats in each other's faces.
--Macaulay.
4. To turn (the eye) obliquely and partially close its lid,
as an expression of derision or insinuation.
{Cocked hat}.
(a) A hat with large, stiff flaps turned up to a peaked
crown, thus making its form triangular; -- called also
{three-cornered hat}
.
(b) A game similar to ninepins, except that only three
pins are used, which are set up at the angles of a
triangle.
Cock \Cock\, v. i.
To strut; to swagger; to look big, pert, or menacing.
--Addison.
Cock \Cock\, n.
The act of cocking; also, the turn so given; as, a cock of
the eyes; to give a hat a saucy cock.
Cock \Cock\, n. [It. cocca notch of an arrow.]
1. The notch of an arrow or crossbow.
2. The hammer in the lock of a firearm.
{At cock}, {At full cock}, with the hammer raised and ready
to fire; -- said of firearms, also, jocularly, of one
prepared for instant action.
{At half cock}. See under {Half}.
{Cock feather} (Archery), the feather of an arrow at right
angles to the direction of the cock or notch. --Nares.
Cock \Cock\, v. t.
To draw the hammer of (a firearm) fully back and set it for
firing.
Cock \Cock\, v. i.
To draw back the hammer of a firearm, and set it for firing.
Cocked, fired, and missed his man. --Byron.
Cock \Cock\, n. [Cf. Icel. k["o]kkr lump, Dan. kok heap, or E.
cock to set erect.]
A small concial pile of hay.
Cock \Cock\, v. t.
To put into cocks or heaps, as hay.
Under the cocked hay. --Spenser.
Cock \Cock\, n. [Of. coque, F. coche, a small vessel, L. concha
muscle shell, a vessel. See {Coach}, and cf. {Cog} a small
boat.]
A small boat.
Yond tall anchoring bark [appears] Diminished to her
cock; her cock, a buoy Almost too small for sight.
--Shak.
Cock \Cock\, n.
A corruption or disguise of the word God, used in oaths.
[Obs.] ``By cock and pie.'' --Shak.
Cockade \Cock*ade"\, n. [F. cocarble, fr. coquard vain, OF.
coquart, fr. coq cock, prob. of imitative origin. The
ornament is so named from its resemblance to the crest of a
cock. Cf. {Coquette}.]
A badge, usually in the form of a rosette, or knot, and
generally worn upon the hat; -- used as an indication of
military or naval service, or party allegiance, and in
England as a part of the livery to indicate that the wearer
is the servant of a military or naval officer.
Seduced by military liveries and cockades. --Burke.
Cockaded \Cock*ad"ed\, a.
Wearing a cockade. --Young.
Cock-a-hoop \Cock`-a-hoop"\, a.
Boastful; defiant; exulting. Also used adverbially.
Cockal \Cock"al\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. A game played with sheep's bones instead of dice [Obs.]
2. The bone used in playing the game; -- called also {huckle
bone}. [Obs.] --Nares.
A little transverse bone Which boys and bruckeled
children call (Playing for points and pins) cockal.
--Herrick.
Cockaleekie \Cock`a*leek"ie\, n. [From cock + leek.]
A favorite soup in Scotland, made from a capon highly
seasoned, and boiled with leeks and prunes.
Cockamaroo \Cock`a*ma*roo"\, n.
The Russian variety of bagatelle.
Cockateel \Cock"a*teel\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An Australian parrot ({Calopsitta Nov[ae]-Hollandi[ae]}); --
so called from its note.
Cockatoo \Cock`a*too\, n. [Malayan kakat[=u]a.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bird of the Parrot family, of the subfamily {Cacatuin[ae]},
having a short, strong, and much curved beak, and the head
ornamented with a crest, which can be raised or depressed at
will. There are several genera and many species; as the
broad-crested ({Plictolophus, or Cacatua, cristatus}), the
sulphur-crested ({P. galeritus}), etc. The palm or great
black cockatoo of Australia is {Microglossus aterrimus}.
Cockatrice \Cock"a*trice\ (-tr[imac]s; 277), n. [OF. cocatrice
crocodile, F. cocatrix, cocatrice. The word is a corruption
from the same source as E. crocodile, but was confused with
cock the bird, F. coq, whence arose the fable that the animal
was produced from a cock's egg. See {Crocodile}.]
1. A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were said to be
fatal. See {Basilisk}.
That bare vowel, I, shall poison more Than the
death-darting eye of cockatrice. --Shak.
2. (Her.) A representation of this serpent. It has the head,
wings, and legs of a bird, and tail of a serpent.
3. (Script.) A venomous serpent which which cannot now be
identified.
The weaned child shall put his hand on the
cockatrice's
Note: [Rev. Ver. basilisk's] den. --Is. xi. 8.
4. Any venomous or deadly thing.
This little cockatrice of a king. --Bacon.
Cockbill \Cock"bill\ (k[o^]k"b[i^]l`), v. t. [See {Cock} to set
erect.] (Naut.)
To tilt up one end of so as to make almost vertical; as, to
cockbill the yards as a sign of mourning.
{To cockbill the anchor}, to suspend it from the cathead
preparatory to letting it go. See {Acockbill}.
Cockboat \Cock"boat`\, n. [See {Cock} a boat.]
A small boat, esp. one used on rivers or near the shore.
Cock-brained \Cock"-brained`\, a.
Giddy; rash. --Milton.
Cockchafer \Cock"chaf`er\, n. [See {Chafer} the beetle.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A beetle of the genus {Melolontha} (esp. {M. vulgaris}) and
allied genera; -- called also {May bug}, {chafer}, or
{dorbeetle}.
Cockcrow \Cock"crow\, Cockcrowing \Cock"crow`ing\, n.
The time at which cocks first crow; the early morning.
Cocker \Cock"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cockered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cockering}.] [OE. cokeren; cf. W. cocru to indulge,
fondle, E. cock the bird, F. coqueliner to dandle (Cotgrave),
to imitate the crow of a cock, to run after the girls, and E.
cockle, v.]
To treat with too great tenderness; to fondle; to indulge; to
pamper.
Cocker thy child and he shall make thee afraid.
--Ecclesiasticus
xxx. 9.
Poor folks cannot afford to cocker themselves up. --J.
Ingelow.
Cocker \Cock"er\, n. [From {Cock} the bird.]
1. One given to cockfighting. [Obs.] --Steele.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A small dog of the spaniel kind, used for
starting up woodcocks, etc.
Cocker \Cock"er\, n. [OE. coker qyiver, boot, AS. cocer quiver;
akin to G. k["o]cher quiver, and perh. originally meaning
receptacle, holder. Cf. {Quiver} (for arrows).]
A rustic high shoe or half-boots. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Cockerel \Cock"er*el\, n. [Prob. a double dim. of cock.]
A young cock.
Cocket \Cock"et\, a. [F. coquet coquettish. See {Coquette}, n.]
Pert; saucy. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
Cocket \Cock"et\, n.
1. (Eng. Law) A customhouse seal; a certified document given
to a shipper as a warrant that his goods have been duly
entered and have paid duty.
2. An office in a customhouse where goods intended for export
are entered. [Eng.]
3. A measure for bread. [Obs.] --Blount.
Cockeye \Cock"eye`\, n. [From cock to turn up.]
A squinting eye. --Forby.
Cockeye \Cock"eye`\, n. (Mach.)
The socket in the ball of a millstone, which sits on the
cockhead.
Cockfight \Cock"fight`\, n.
A match or contest of gamecocks.
Cockfighting \Cock"fight`ing\, n.
The act or practice of pitting gamecocks to fight.
Cockfighting \Cock"fight`ing\, a.
Addicted to cockfighting.
Cockhead \Cock"head`\, n. (Mach.)
The rounded or pointed top of a grinding mill spindle,
forming a pivot on which the stone is balanced.
Cockhorse \Cock"horse`\, n.
1. A child's rocking-horse.
Ride a cockhorse to Banbury cross. --Mother
Goose.
2. A high or tall horse. [R.]
Cockhorse \Cock"horse`\, a.
1. Lifted up, as one is on a tall horse.
2. Lofty in feeling; exultant; proud; upstart.
Our painted fools and cockhorse peasantry.
--Marlowe.
Cockieleekie \Cock`ie*leek"ie\, n.
Same as {Cockaleekie}.
Cocking \Cock"ing\, n.
Cockfighting. --Ben Jonson.
Cockle \Coc"kle\ (k[o^]k"k'l), n. [OE. cockes cockles, AS.
s[=ae]coccas sea cockles, prob, from Celtic; cf. W. cocs
cockles, Gael. cochull husk. Perh. influenced by F. coquille
shell, a dim. from the root of E. conch. Cf. {Coach}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A bivalve mollusk, with radiating ribs, of the
genus {Cardium}, especially {C. edule}, used in Europe for
food; -- sometimes applied to similar shells of other
genera.
2. A cockleshell.
3. The mineral black tourmaline or schorl; -- so called by
the Cornish miners. --Raymond.
4. The fire chamber of a furnace. [Eng.] --Knight.
5. A hop-drying kiln; an oast. --Knight.
6. The dome of a heating furnace. --Knight.
{Cockle hat}, a hat ornamented with a cockleshell, the badge
of a pilgrim. --Shak.
{Cockle stairs}, winding or spiral stairs.
Cockle \Coc"kle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cockled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cockling}.] [Of uncertian origin.]
To cause to contract into wrinkles or ridges, as some kinds
of cloth after a wetting.
{Cockling sea}, waves dashing against each other with a short
and quick motion. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Cockle \Coc"kle\, n. [AS. coccel, cocel; cf. Gael. cogall tares,
husks, cockle.] (Bot.)
(a) A plant or weed that grows among grain; the corn rose
({Luchnis Githage}).
(b) The {Lotium}, or darnel.
Cocklebur \Coc"kle*bur`\, n. (Bot.)
A coarse, composite weed, having a rough or prickly fruit;
one of several species of the genus {Xanthium}; -- called
also {clotbur}.
Cockled \Coc"kled\, a.
Inclosed in a shell.
The tender horns of cockled snails. --Shak.
Cockled \Coc"kled\, a.
Wrinkled; puckered.
Showers soon drench the camlet's cockled grain. --Gay.
Cockler \Coc"kler\, n.
One who takes and sells cockles.
Cockleshell \Coc"kle*shell`\, n.
1. One of the shells or valves of a cockle.
2. A light boat.
To board the cockleshell in those plunding waters.
--W. Black.
Cockloft \Cock"loft`\ (?; 115) n. [Prop., a loft where cocks
roost.]
An upper loft; a garret; the highest room in a building.
--Dryden. Swift.
Cockmaster \Cock"mas`ter\, n.
One who breeds gamecocks. --L'Estrange.
Cockmatch \Cock"match`\, n.
A cockfight.
Cockney \Cock"ney\ (k[o^]k"n[y^]), n.; pl. {Cockneys} (-n[i^]z).
[OE. cocknay, cokenay, a spoiled child, effeminate person, an
egg; prob. orig. a cock's egg, a small imperfect egg; OE. cok
cock + nay, neye, for ey egg (cf. {Newt}), AS. [ae]g. See 1st
{Cock}, {Egg}, n.]
1. An effeminate person; a spoilt child. ``A young heir or
cockney, that is his mother's darling.'' --Nash (1592).
This great lubber, the world, will prove a cockney.
--Shak.
2. A native or resident of the city of London; -- used
contemptuously.
A cockney in a rural village was stared at as much
as if he had entered a kraal of Hottentots.
--Macaulay.
Cockney \Cock"ney\, a.
Of or relating to, or like, cockneys.
Cockneydom \Cock"ney*dom\ (k[o^]k"n[i^]*d[u^]m), n.
The region or home of cockneys; cockneys, collectively.
--Thackeray.
Cockneyfy \Cock"ney*fy\ (-f[imac]), v. t. [Cockney + -fy.]
To form with the manners or character of a cockney. [Colloq.]
Cockneyish \Cock"ney*ish\, a.
Characteristic of, or resembling, cockneys.
Cockneyism \Cock"ney*ism\ (k[o^]k"n[i^]*[i^]z'm), n.
The characteristics, manners, or dialect, of a cockney.
Cock-padle \Cock"-pad`le\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Lumpfish}. [Scot.]
Cockpit \Cock"pit`\ (k[o^]k"p[i^]t), n.
1. A pit, or inclosed area, for cockfights.
Henry the Eighth had built . . . a cockpit.
--Macaulay.
2. The Privy Council room at Westminster; -- so called
because built on the site of the cockpit of Whitehall
palace. --Brande & C.
3. (Naut.)
(a) That part of a war vessel appropriated to the wounded
during an engagement.
(b) In yachts and other small vessels, a space lower than
the rest of the deck, which affords easy access to the
cabin.
Cockroach \Cock"roach\, n. [Sp. cucaracha.] (Zo["o]l.)
An orthopterous insect of the genus {Blatta}, and allied
genera.
Note: The species are numerous, especially in hot countries.
Those most commonly infesting houses in Europe and
North America are {Blatta orientalis}, a large species
often called {black beetle}, and the Croton bug
({Ectobia Germanica}).
Cockscomb \Cocks"comb`\ (k[o^]ks"k[=o]m`), n. [1st cock, n. +
comb crest.]
1. See {Coxcomb}.
2. (Bot.) A plant ({Celosia cristata}), of many varieties,
cultivated for its broad, fantastic spikes of brilliant
flowers; -- sometimes called {garden cockscomb}. Also the
{Pedicularis}, or lousewort, the {Rhinanthus
Crista-galli}, and the {Onobrychis Crista-galli}.
Cockshead \Cocks"head`\, n. (Bot.)
A leguminous herb ({Onobrychis Caput-galli}), having small
spiny-crested pods.
Cockshut \Cock"shut`\, n.
A kind of net to catch woodcock. [Obs.] --Nares.
{Cockshut time} or {light}, evening twilight; nightfall; --
so called in allusion to the tome at which the cockshut
used to be spread. [Obs.] --Shak. B. Jonson.
Cockshy \Cock"shy`\, n.
1. A game in which trinkets are set upon sticks, to be thrown
at by the players; -- so called from an ancient popular
sport which consisted in ``shying'' or throwing cudgels at
live cocks.
2. An object at which stones are flung.
``Making a cockshy of him,'' replied the hideous
small boy. --Dickens.
Cockspur \Cock"spur\, n. (Bot.)
A variety of {Crat[ae]gus}, or hawthorn ({C. Crus-galli}),
having long, straight thorns; -- called also {Cockspur
thorn}.
Cocksure \Cock"sure`\, a.
1. Perfectly safe. [Obs.]
We steal as in a castle, cocksure: . . . we walk
invisible. --Shak.
2. Quite certain. [Colloq.]
I thought myself cocksure of the horse which he
readily promised me. --Pope.
Cockswain \Cock"swain\ (?, colloq. ?), n. [Cock a boat + swain;
hence, the master of a boat.]
The steersman of a boat; a petty officer who has charge of a
boat and its crew.
Cocktail \Cock"tail`\, n.
1. A beverage made of brandy, whisky, or gin, iced, flavored,
and sweetened. [U. S.]
2. (Stock Breeding) A horse, not of pure breed, but having
only one eighth or one sixteenth impure blood in his
veins. --Darwin.
3. A mean, half-hearted fellow; a coward. [Slang, Eng.]
It was in the second affair that poor little Barney
showed he was a cocktail. --Thackeray.
4. (Zo["o]l.) A species of rove beetle; -- so called from its
habit of elevating the tail.
Cockup \Cock"up\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large, highly esteemed, edible fish of India ({Lates
calcarifer}); -- also called {begti}.
Cockweed \Cock"weed\, n. (Bot.)
Peppergrass. --Johnson.
Cocky \Cock"y\, a. [See {Cocket}.]
Pert. [Slang]
Coco \Co"co\, n. or Coco palm \Co"co palm\
See {Cocoa}.
Cocoa \Co"coa\ (k[=o]"k[-o]), n., Cocoa palm \Co"coa palm`\
(p[aum]m`)[Sp. & Pg. coco cocoanut, in Sp. also, cocoa palm.
The Portuguese name is said to have been given from the
monkeylike face at the base of the nut, fr. Pg. coco a
bugbear, an ugly mask to frighten children. Cf., however, Gr.
koy^ki the cocoa palm and its fruit, ko`i:x, ko`i:kos, a kind
of Egyptian palm.] (Bot.)
A palm tree producing the cocoanut ({Cocos nucifera}). It
grows in nearly all tropical countries, attaining a height of
sixty or eighty feet. The trunk is without branches, and has
a tuft of leaves at the top, each being fifteen or twenty
feet in length, and at the base of these the nuts hang in
clusters; the cocoanut tree.
Cocoa \Co"coa\, n. [Corrupted fr. cacao.]
A preparation made from the seeds of the chocolate tree, and
used in making, a beverage; also the beverage made from cocoa
or cocoa shells.
{Cocoa shells}, the husks which separate from the cacao seeds
in preparing them for use.
Cocoanut \Co"coa*nut`\, n.
The large, hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm. It yields an
agreeable milky liquid and a white meat or albumen much used
as food and in making oil.
Cocobolo \Co`co*bo"lo\, Cocobolas \Co`co*bo"las\, n. [Sp.
cocobolo.] (Bot.)
A very beautiful and hard wood, obtained in the West India
Islands. It is used in cabinetmaking, for the handles of
tools, and for various fancy articles.
Cocoon \Co*coon"\, n. [F. cocon, dim. of coque shell of egge and
insects, fr. L. concha mussel shell. See {Conch}.]
1. An oblong case in which the silkworm lies in its chrysalis
state. It is formed of threads of silk spun by the worm
just before leaving the larval state. From these the silk
of commerce is prepared.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The case constructed by any insect to contain its
larva or pupa.
(b) The case of silk made by spiders to protect their
eggs.
(c) The egg cases of mucus, etc., made by leeches and
other worms.
Cocoonery \Co*coon"er*y\, n.
A building or apartment for silkworms, when feeding and
forming cocoons.
Coctible \Coc"ti*ble\, a. [See {Coctile}.]
Capable of being cooked. --Blount.
Coctile \Coc"tile\, a. [L. coctilis, fr. coguere. See {Cook}.]
Made by baking, or exposing to heat, as a brick.
Coction \Coc"tion\, n. [L. coctio.]
1. Act of boiling.
2. (Med.)
(a) Digestion. [Obs.]
(b) The change which the humorists believed morbific
matter undergoes before elimination. [Obs.]
--Dunglison.
Cocus wood \Co"cus wood`\
A West Indian wood, used for making flutes and other musical
instruments.
Cod \Cod\ (k[o^]d), n. [AS. codd small bag; akin to Icel. koddi
pillow, Sw. kudde cushion; cf. W. cod, cwd, bag, shell.]
1. A husk; a pod; as, a peascod. [Eng.] --Mortimer.
2. A small bag or pouch. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
3. The scrotum. --Dunglison.
4. A pillow or cushion. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Cod \Cod\, n. [Cf. G. gadde, and (in Heligoland) gadden, L.
gadus merlangus.] (Zo["o]l.)
An important edible fish ({Gadus morrhua}), taken in immense
numbers on the northern coasts of Europe and America. It is
especially abundant and large on the Grand Bank of
Newfoundland. It is salted and dried in large quantities.
Note: There are several varieties; as {shore cod}, from
shallow water; {bank cod}, from the distant banks; and
{rock cod}, which is found among ledges, and is often
dark brown or mottled with red. The {tomcod} is a
distinct species of small size. The {bastard}, {blue},
{buffalo}, or {cultus cod} of the Pacific coast belongs
to a distinct family. See {Buffalo cod}, under
{Buffalo}.
{Cod fishery}, the business of fishing for cod.
{Cod line}, an eighteen-thread line used in catching codfish.
--McElrath.
Coda \Co"da\ (k[=o]"d[.a]), n. [It., tail, fr. L. cauda.] (Mus.)
A few measures added beyond the natural termination of a
composition.
Codder \Cod"der\, n.
A gatherer of cods or peas. [Obs. or Prov.] --Johnson.
Codding \Cod"ding\, a.
Lustful. [Obs.] --Shak.
Coddle \Cod"dle\ (k[o^]d"d'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coddled}
(-d'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Coddling} (-dl[i^]ng).] [Cf.
{Prov}. E. caddle to coax, spoil, fondle, and {Cade}, a. & v.
t.] [Written also {codle}.]
1. To parboil, or soften by boiling.
It [the guava fruit] may be coddled. --Dampier.
2. To treat with excessive tenderness; to pamper.
How many of our English princes have been coddled at
home by their fond papas and mammas! --Thackeray.
He [Lord Byron] never coddled his reputation.
--Southey.
Coddymoddy \Cod"dy*mod"dy\ (k[o^]d"d[y^]*m[o^]d"d[y^]), n.
(Zo["o]l.)
A gull in the plumage of its first year.
Code \Code\ (k[=o]d), n. [F., fr. L. codex, caudex, the stock or
stem of a tree, a board or tablet of wood smeared over with
wax, on which the ancients originally wrote; hence, a book, a
writing.]
1. A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the
rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are
set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by
public authority; a digest.
Note: The collection of laws made by the order of Justinian
is sometimes called, by way of eminence. ``The Code''
--Wharton.
2. Any system of rules or regulations relating to one
subject; as, the medical code, a system of rules for the
regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the
naval code, a system of rules for making communications at
sea means of signals.
{Code civil} or {Code Napoleon}, a code enacted in France in
1803 and 1804, embodying the law of rights of persons and
of property generally. --Abbot.
Codefendant \Co`de*fend"ant\, n.
A joint defendant. --Blackstone.
Codeine \Co*de"ine\, n. [Gr. ? poppy head: cf. F. cod?ine.]
(Chem.)
One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance,
{C18H21NO3}, similar to and regarded as a derivative of
morphine, but much feebler in its action; -- called also
{codeia}.
Codetta \Co*det"ta\, n. [It., dim. of coda tail.] (Mus.)
A short passage connecting two sections, but not forming part
of either; a short coda.
Codex \Co"dex\, n.; pl. {Codices}. [L. See {Code}.]
1. A book; a manuscript.
2. A collection or digest of laws; a code. --Burrill.
3. An ancient manuscript of the Sacred Scriptures, or any
part of them, particularly the New Testament.
4. A collection of canons. --Shipley.
Codfish \Cod"fish\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of fish. Same as {Cod}.
Codger \Codg"er\, n. [Cf. {Cadger}.]
1. A miser or mean person.
2. A singular or odd person; -- a familiar, humorous, or
depreciatory appellation. [Colloq.]
A few of us old codgers met at the fireside.
--Emerson.
Codical \Cod"i*cal\, a.
Relating to a codex, or a code.
Codicil \Cod"i*cil\, n. [L. codicillus, dim. of codex: cf. F.
codicille. See {Code}.] (Law)
A clause added to a will.
Codicillary \Cod`i*cil"la*ry\, a. [L. codicillaris,
codicillarius.]
Of the nature of a codicil.
Codification \Co`di*fi*ca"tion\ (? or ?), n. [Cf. F.
codification.]
The act or process of codifying or reducing laws to a code.
Codifier \Co"di*fi`er\ (? or ?), n.
One who codifies.
Codify \Co"di*fy\ (? or ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Codified};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Codifying}.] [Code + -fy: cf. F. codifier.]
To reduce to a code, as laws.
Codilla \Co*dil"la\, n. [Cf. L. codicula a little tail, dim. of
cauda tail.] (Com.)
The coarse tow of flax and hemp. --McElrath.
Codille \Co*dille"\, n. [F. codile.]
A term at omber, signifying that the game is won. --Pope.
Codist \Co"dist\, n.
A codifier; a maker of codes. [R.]
Codle \Co"dle\, v. t.
See {Coddle}.
Codlin \Cod"lin\, Codling \Cod"ling\, n. [Cf. AS. cod[ae]ppel a
quince.]
(a) An apple fit to stew or coddle.
(b) An immature apple.
A codling when 't is almost an apple. --Shak.
{Codling moth} (Zo["o]l.), a small moth ({Carpocapsa
Pomonella}), which in the larval state (known as the apple
worm) lives in apples, often doing great damage to the
crop.
Codling \Cod"ling\, n. [Dim. of cod the fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
A young cod; also, a hake.
Cod liver \Cod" liv`er\, n.
The liver of the common cod and allied species.
{Cod-liver oil}, an oil obtained from the liver of the
codfish, and used extensively in medicine as a means of
supplying the body with fat in cases of malnutrition.
Codpiece \Cod"piece`\, n. [Cod, n., ? + piece.]
A part of male dress in front of the breeches, formerly made
very conspicuous. --Shak. Fosbroke.
Coecilian \C[oe]*cil"i*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {C[ae]cilian}.
Coeducation \Co*ed`u*ca"tion\ (?; 135), n.
An educating together, as of persons of different sexes or
races.
{Co*ed`u*ca"tion*al}, a.
Coefficacy \Co*ef"fi*ca*cy\, n.
Joint efficacy.
Coefficiency \Co`ef*fi"cien*cy\, n.
Joint efficiency; co["o]peration. --Glanvill.
Coefficient \Co`ef*fi"cient\, a.
Co["o]perating; acting together to produce an effect.
{Co`ef*fi"cient*ly}, adv.
Coefficient \Co`ef*fi"cient\, n.
1. That which unites in action with something else to produce
the same effect.
2. [Cf. F. coefficient.] (Math.) A number or letter put
before a letter or quantity, known or unknown, to show how
many times the latter is to be taken; as, 6x; bx; here 6
and b are coefficients of x.
3. (Physics) A number, commonly used in computation as a
factor, expressing the amount of some change or effect
under certain fixed conditions as to temperature, length,
volume, etc.; as, the coefficient of expansion; the
coefficient of friction.
{Arbitrary coefficient} (Math.), a literal coefficient placed
arbitrarily in an algebraic expression, the value of the
coefficient being afterwards determined by the conditions
of the problem.
Coehorn \Coe"horn\, n. [From its inventor, Baron Coehorn.]
(Mil.)
A small bronze mortar mounted on a wooden block with handles,
and light enough to be carried short distances by two men.
Coelacanth \C[oe]l"a*canth\ (? or ?), a. [Gr. ? hollow + ?
spine.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having hollow spines, as some ganoid fishes.
Coelentera \C[oe]*len"te*ra\or Coelenterata
\C[oe]*len`te*ra"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? hollow + ?
intestines.] (Zo["o]l.)
A comprehensive group of Invertebrata, mostly marine,
comprising the Anthozoa, Hydrozoa, and Ctenophora. The name
implies that the stomach and body cavities are one. The group
is sometimes enlarged so as to include the sponges.
Coelenterate \C[oe]*len"ter*ate\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to the C[oe]lentera. -- n. One of the C[oe]lentera.
Coelia \C[oe]"li*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a cavity of the body, a
ventricle.] (Anat.)
A cavity.
Note: The word is applied to the ventricles of the brain, the
different ventricles being indicated by prefixes like
those characterizing the parts of the brain in which
the cavities are found; as, epic[oe]lia, mesoc[oe]lia,
metac[oe]lia, proc[oe]lia, etc. --B. G. Wilder.
Coeliac \C[oe]"li*ac\, Celiac \Ce"li*ac\, a. [L. coeliacus, Gr.
?, fr. ? belly, fr. ? hollow.]
Relating to the abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen.
{C[oe]liac artery} (Anat.), the artery which issues from the
aorta just below the diaphragm; -- called also {c[oe]liac
axis}.
{C[oe]liac flux}, {C[oe]liac passion} (Med.), a chronic flux
or diarrhea of undigested food.
Coelodont \C[oe]"lo*dont\, a. [Gr. ? hollow + ?, ?, tooth.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having hollow teeth; -- said of a group lizards. -- n. One of
a group of lizards having hollow teeth.
Coelospermous \C[oe]l`o*sper"mous\ (? or ?), a. [Gr. ? hollow +
? seed.] (Bot.)
Hollow-seeded; having the ventral face of the seedlike
carpels incurved at the ends, as in coriander seed.
Coelum \C[oe]"lum\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a hollow, neut. of ?
hollow.] (Anat.)
See {Body cavity}, under {Body}.
Coemption \Co*emp"tion\ (?; 215), n. [L. co["e]mptio, fr.
co["e]mere to buy up. See {Emption}.]
The act of buying the whole quantity of any commodity. [R.]
--Bacon.
Coendoo \Co*en"doo\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Brazilian porcupine ({Cercolades, or Sphingurus,
prehensiles}), remarkable for its prehensile tail.
Coenenchym \C[oe]*nen"chym\, Coenenchyma \C[oe]*nen"chy*ma\n.
[NL. coenenchyma, fr. Gr. ? common + ? something poured in.
Formed like parenchyma.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common tissue which unites the polyps or zooids of a
compound anthozoan or coral. It may be soft or more or less
ossified. See {Coral}.
Coenesthesis \C[oe]n`es*the"sis\ (? or ?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
common + ? sensation.] (Physiol.)
Common sensation or general sensibility, as distinguished
from the special sensations which are located in, or ascribed
to, separate organs, as the eye and ear. It is supposed to
depend on the ganglionic system.
Coenobite \C[oe]n"o*bite\ (? or ?), n.
See {Cenobite}.
Coenoecium \C[oe]*n[oe]"ci*um\ (? or ?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
common + ? house.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common tissue which unites the various zooids of a
bryozoan.
Coenogamy \C[oe]*nog"a*my\, n. [Gr. ?; ? common + ? marraige.]
The state of a community which permits promiscuous sexual
intercourse among its members; -- as in certain primitive
tribes or communistic societies. [Written also {cenogamy}.]
Coenosarc \C[oe]n"o*sarc\ (? or ?), n. [Gr. ? common + ?, ?,
flesh.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common soft tissue which unites the polyps of a compound
hydroid. See {Hydroidea}.
Coenurus \C[oe]*nu"rus\, n. [NL. fr. Gr. ? + ? tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
The larval stage of a tapeworm ({T[ae]nia c[oe]nurus}) which
forms bladderlike sacs in the brain of sheep, causing the
fatal disease known as water brain, vertigo, staggers or gid.
Note: This bladder worm has on its surface numerous small
heads, each of which, when swallowed by a dog, becomes
a mature tapeworm in the dog's intestine.
Coequal \Co*e"qual\, a. [L. coaequalis; co- + aequalis equal.]
Being on an equality in rank or power. -- n. One who is on an
equality with another.
In once he come to be a cardinal, He'll make his cap
coequal with the crown. --Shak.
Coequality \Co`e*qual"i*ty\, n.
The state of being on an equality, as in rank or power.
Coequally \Co*e"qual*ly\, adv.
With coequality.
Coerce \Co*erce"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coerced}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Coercing}.] [L. co["e]rcere; co- + arcere to shut up, to
press together. See {Ark}.]
1. To restrain by force, especially by law or authority; to
repress; to curb. --Burke.
Punishments are manifold, that they may coerce this
profligate sort. --Ayliffe.
2. To compel or constrain to any action; as, to coerce a man
to vote for a certain candidate.
3. To compel or enforce; as, to coerce obedience.
Syn: To {Coerce}, {Compel}.
Usage: To compel denotes to urge on by force which cannot be
resisted. The term aplies equally to physical and
moral force; as, compelled by hunger; compelled
adverse circumstances; compelled by parental
affection. Coerce had at first only the negative sense
of checking or restraining by force; as, to coerce a
bad man by punishments or a prisoner with fetters. It
has now gained a positive sense., viz., that of
driving a person into the performance of some act
which is required of him by another; as, to coerce a
man to sign a contract; to coerce obedience. In this
sense (which is now the prevailing one), coerce
differs but little from compel, and yet there is a
distinction between them. Coercion is usually
acomplished by indirect means, as threats and
intimidation, physical force being more rarely
employed in coercing.
Coercible \Co"er"ci*ble\, a.
Capable of being coerced. -- {Co*er"ci*ble*ness}, n.
Coercion \Co*er"cion\, n. [L. coercio, fr. coercere. See
{Coerce}.]
1. The act or process of coercing.
2. (Law) The application to another of either physical or
moral force. When the force is physical, and cannot be
resisted, then the act produced by it is a nullity, so far
as concerns the party coerced. When the force is moral,
then the act, though voidable, is imputable to the party
doing it, unless he be so paralyzed by terror as to act
convulsively. At the same time coercion is not negatived
by the fact of submission under force. ``Coactus volui''
(I consented under compulsion) is the condition of mind
which, when there is volition forced by coercion, annuls
the result of such coercion. --Wharton.
Coercitive \Co*er"ci*tive\, a.
Coercive. ``Coercitive power in laws.'' --Jer. Taylor.
Coercive \Co*er"cive\, a.
Serving or intended to coerce; having power to constrain. --
{Co*er"cive*ly}, adv. -- Co*er"cive*ness, n.
Coercive power can only influence us to outward
practice. --Bp.
Warburton.
{Coercive} or {Coercitive force} (Magnetism), the power or
force which in iron or steel produces a slowness or
difficulty in imparting magnetism to it, and also
interposes an obstacle to the return of a bar to its
natural state when active magnetism has ceased. It plainly
depends on the molecular constitution of the metal.
--Nichol.
The power of resisting magnetization or
demagnization is sometimes called coercive force.
--S. Thompson.
Coerulignone \C[oe]`ru*lig"none\, n. [L. coeruleus cerulean +
lignum wood + E. quinone.] (Chem.)
A bluish violet, crystalline substance obtained in the
purification of crude wood vinegar. It is regarded as a
complex quinone derivative of diphenyl; -- called also
{cedriret}.
Coessential \Co`es*sen"tial\, a.
Partaking of the same essence. -- {Co`es*sen"tial*ly}, adv.
We bless and magnify that coessential Spirit, eternally
proceeding from both [The Father and the Son].
--Hooker.
Coessentiality \Co`es*sen`ti*al"i*ty\ (? or ?; 106), n.
Participation of the same essence. --Johnson.
Coestablishment \Co`es*tab"lish*ment\, n.
Joint establishment. --Bp. Watson.
Coestate \Co`es*tate"\, n.
Joint estate. --Smolett.
Coetanean \Co`e*ta"ne*an\, n.
A person coetaneous with another; a contemporary. [R.]
A . . . coetanean of the late earl of Southampton.
--Aubrey.
Coetaneous \Co`e*ta"ne*ous\, a. [L. coaetaneus; co- + aetas
age.]
Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same time;
contemporaneous. -- {Co`e*ta"ne*ous*ly}, adv.
And all [members of the body] are coetaneous.
--Bentley.
Coeternal \Co`e*ter"nal\, a.
Equally eternal. -- {Co`e*ter"nal*ly}, adv.
Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first born! Or of
the Eternal coeternal beam. --Milton.
Coeternity \Co`e*ter"ni*ty\, n.
Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being;
equal eternity.
Coeval \Co*e"val\, a. [L. coaevus; co- + aevum lifetime, age.
See {Age}, n.]
Of the same age; existing during the same period of time,
especially time long and remote; -- usually followed by with.
Silence! coeval with eternity! --Pope.
Oaks coeval spread a mournful shade. --Cowper.
Coeval \Co*e"val\, n.
One of the same age; a contemporary.
As if it were not enough to have outdone all your
coevals in wit. --Pope.
Coevous \Co*e"vous\, a.
Coeval [Obs.] --South.
Coexecutor \Co`ex*ec"u*tor\, n.
A joint executor.
Coexecutrix \Co`ex*ec"u*trix\, n.
A joint executrix.
Coexist \Co`ex*ist\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Coexisted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Coexisting}.]
To exist at the same time; -- sometimes followed by with.
Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther than
of certain simple ideas coexisting together. --Locke.
So much purity and integrity . . . coexisting with so
much decay and so many infirmities. --Warburton.
Coexistence \Co`ex*ist"ence\, n.
Existence at the same time with another; -- contemporary
existence.
Without the help, or so much as the coexistence, of any
condition. --Jer. Taylor.
Coexistent \Co`ex*ist"ent\, a.
Existing at the same time with another. -- n. That which
coexists with another.
The law of coexistent vibrations. --Whewell.
Coexisting \Co`ex*ist"ing\, a.
Coexistent. --Locke.
Coextend \Co`ex*tend\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coextended}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Coextending}.]
To extend through the same space or time with another; to
extend to the same degree.
According to which the least body may be coextended
with the greatest. --Boyle.
Has your English language one single word that is
coextended through all these significations? --Bentley.
Coextension \Co`ex*ten"sion\ (k[=o]`[e^]ks*t[e^]n"sh[u^]n), n.
The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally
extended.
Coextensive \Co`ex*ten"sive\, a.
Equally extensive; having equal extent; as, consciousness and
knowledge are coextensive. --Sir W. Hamilton. --
{Co`ex*ten"sive*ly}, adv. -- Co`ex*ten"sive*ness, n.
Coffee \Cof"fee\ (?; 115), n. [Turk. qahveh, Ar. qahuah wine,
coffee, a decoction of berries. Cf. {Caf['e]}.]
1. The ``beans'' or ``berries'' (pyrenes) obtained from the
drupes of a small evergreen tree of the genus {Coffea},
growing in Abyssinia, Arabia, Persia, and other warm
regions of Asia and Africa, and also in tropical America.
2. The coffee tree.
Note: There are several species of the coffee tree, as,
{Coffea Arabica}, {C. occidentalis}, and {C. Liberica}.
The white, fragrant flowers grow in clusters at the
root of the leaves, and the fruit is a red or purple
cherrylike drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing
two pyrenes, commercially called ``beans'' or
``berries''.
3. The beverage made from the roasted and ground berry.
They have in Turkey a drink called coffee. . . .
This drink comforteth the brain and heart, and
helpeth digestion. --Bacon.
Note: The use of coffee is said to have been introduced into
England about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened in
Oxford and London.
{Coffee bug} (Zo["o]l.), a species of scale insect ({Lecanium
coff[ae]a}), often very injurious to the coffee tree.
{Coffee rat} (Zo["o]l.) See {Musang}.
Coffeehouse \Cof"fee*house`\, n.
A house of entertainment, where guests are supplied with
coffee and other refreshments, and where men meet for
conversation.
The coffeehouse must not be dismissed with a cursory
mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not
improperly called a most important political
institution. . . . The coffeehouses were the chief
organs through which the public opinion of the
metropolis vented itself. . . . Every man of the upper
or middle class went daily to his coffeehouse to learn
the news and discuss it. Every coffeehouse had one or
more orators, to whose eloquence the crowd listened
with admiration, and who soon became what the
journalists of our own time have been called -- a
fourth estate of the realm. --Macaulay.
Coffeeman \Cof"fee*man\, n.
One who keeps a coffeehouse. --Addison.
Coffeepot \Cof"fee*pot\, n.
A covered pot in which coffee is prepared, or is brought upon
the table for drinking.
Coffeeroom \Cof"fee*room`\, n.
A public room where coffee and other refreshments may be
obtained.
Coffer \Cof"fer\ (?; 115), n. [OF. cofre, F. coffre, L. cophinus
basket, fr. Gr. ?. Cf. {Coffin}, n.]
1. A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used for
keeping money or other valuables. --Chaucer.
In ivory coffers I have stuffed my crowns. --Shak.
2. Fig.: Treasure or funds; -- usually in the plural.
He would discharge it without any burden to the
queen's coffers, for honor sake. --Bacon.
Hold, here is half my coffer. --Shak.
3. (Arch.) A panel deeply recessed in the ceiling of a vault,
dome, or portico; a caisson.
4. (Fort.) A trench dug in the bottom of a dry moat, and
extending across it, to enable the besieged to defend it
by a raking fire.
5. The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or a
cofferdam.
{Coffer dam}. (Engin.) See {Cofferdam}, in the Vocabulary.
{Coffer fish}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Cowfish}.
Coffer \Cof"fer\, v. t.
1. To put into a coffer. --Bacon.
2. (Mining.) To secure from leaking, as a shaft, by ramming
clay behind the masonry or timbering. --Raymond.
3. To form with or in a coffer or coffers; to furnish with a
coffer or coffers.
Cofferdam \Cof"fer*dam\, n.
A water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from
which the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river,
etc.) and permit the laying of foundations, building of
piers, etc.
Cofferer \Cof"fer*er\, n.
One who keeps treasures in a coffer. [R.]
Cofferwork \Cof"fer*work`\, n. (Masonry)
Rubblework faced with stone. --Knight.
Coffin \Cof"fin\ (?; 115), n. [OE., a basket, receptacle, OF.
cofin, fr. L. cophinus. See {Coffer}, n.]
1. The case in which a dead human body is inclosed for
burial.
They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a
coffin. --Gen. 1. 26.
2. A basket. [Obs.] --Wyclif (matt. xiv. 20).
3. A casing or crust, or a mold, of pastry, as for a pie.
Of the paste a coffin I will rear. --Shak.
4. A conical paper bag, used by grocers. [Obs.] --Nares.
5. (Far.) The hollow crust or hoof of a horse's foot, below
the coronet, in which is the coffin bone.
{Coffin bone}, the foot bone of the horse and allied animals,
inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding to the third
phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most mammals.
{Coffin joint}, the joint next above the coffin bone.
Coffin \Cof"fin\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coffined}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Coffining}.]
To inclose in, or as in, a coffin.
Would'st thou have laughed, had I come coffined home?
--Shak.
Devotion is not coffined in a cell. --John Hall
(1646).
Coffinless \Cof"fin*less\, a.
Having no coffin.
Coffle \Cof"fle\ (?; 115), n. [Ar. kafala caravan.]
A gang of negro slaves being driven to market.
Cog \Cog\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cogged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cogging}.] [Cf. W. coegio to make void, to beceive, from
coeg empty, vain, foolish. Cf. {Coax}, v. t.]
1. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or
falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat. [R.]
I'll . . . cog their hearts from them. --Shak.
2. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; as, to
cog in a word; to palm off. [R.]
Fustian tragedies . . . have, by concerted
applauses, been cogged upon the town for
masterpieces. --J. Dennis
To cog a die, to load so as to direct its fall; to
cheat in playing dice. --Swift.
Cog \Cog\, v. i.
To deceive; to cheat; to play false; to lie; to wheedle; to
cajole.
For guineas in other men's breeches, Your gamesters
will palm and will cog. --Swift.
Cog \Cog\, n.
A trick or deception; a falsehood. --Wm. Watson.
Cog \Cog\, n. [Cf. Sw. kugge a cog, or W. cocos the cogs of a
wheel.]
1. (Mech.) A tooth, cam, or catch for imparting or receiving
motion, as on a gear wheel, or a lifter or wiper on a
shaft; originally, a separate piece of wood set in a
mortise in the face of a wheel.
2. (Carp.)
(a) A kind of tenon on the end of a joist, received into a
notch in a bearing timber, and resting flush with its
upper surface.
(b) A tenon in a scarf joint; a coak. --Knight.
3. (Mining.) One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left
to support the roof of a mine.
Cog \Cog\, v. t.
To furnish with a cog or cogs.
{Cogged breath sound} (Auscultation), a form of interrupted
respiration, in which the interruptions are very even,
three or four to each inspiration. --Quain.
Cog \Cog\, n. [OE. cogge; cf. D. kog, Icel. kuggr Cf. {Cock} a
boat.]
A small fishing boat. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Cogency \Co"gen*cy\, n. [See {Cogent}.]
The quality of being cogent; power of compelling conviction;
conclusiveness; force.
An antecedent argument of extreme cogency. --J. H.
Newman.
Cogenial \Co*ge"ni*al\, a.
Congenial. [Obs.]
Cogent \Co"gent\ (k[=o]"j[e^]nt), a. [L. cogens, p. pr. of
cogere to drive together, to force; co- + agere to drive. See
{Agent}, a., and cf. {Coact} to force, {Coagulate}, p. a.]
1. Compelling, in a physical sense; powerful. [Obs.]
The cogent force of nature. --Prior.
2. Having the power to compel conviction or move the will;
constraining; conclusive; forcible; powerful; not easily
reasisted.
No better nor more cogent reason. --Dr. H. More.
Proofs of the most cogent description. --Tyndall.
The tongue whose strains were cogent as commands,
Revered at home, and felt in foreign lands.
--Cowper.
Syn: Forcible; powerful; potent; urgent; strong; persuasive;
convincing; conclusive; influential.
Cogently \Co"gent*ly\, adv.
In a cogent manner; forcibly; convincingly; conclusively.
--Locke.
Cogger \Cog"ger\ (k[o^]g"g[~e]r), n. [From {Cog} to wheedle.]
A flatterer or deceiver; a sharper.
Coggery \Cog"ger*y\, n.
Trick; deception. --Bp. Watson.
Coggle \Cog"gle\, n. [See {Cog} small boat.]
A small fishing boat. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Coggle \Cog"gle\, n. [Cf. {Cobble} a cobblestone.]
A cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Cogitability \Cog`i*ta*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being cogitable; conceivableness.
Cogitable \Cog"i*ta*ble\, a. [L. cogitabilis, fr. cogitare to
think.]
Capable of being brought before the mind as a thought or
idea; conceivable; thinkable.
Creation is cogitable by us only as a putting forth of
divine power. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Cogitabund \Cog"i*ta*bund`\, a. [L. cogitabundus.]
Full of thought; thoughtful. [R.] --Leigh Hunt.
Cogitate \Cog"i*tate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cogitated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cogitating}.] [L. cogitatus, p. p. of cogitare to
reflect upon, prob. fr. co- + the root of aio I say; hence,
prop., to discuss with one's self. Cf. {Adage}.]
To engage in continuous thought; to think.
He that calleth a thing into his mind, whether by
impression or recordation, cogitateth and considereth,
and he that employeth the faculty of his fancy also
cogitateth. --Bacon.
Cogitate \Cog"i*tate\, v. t.
To think over; to plan.
He . . . is our witness, how we both day and night,
revolving in our minds, did cogitate nothing more than
how to satisfy the parts of a good pastor. --Foxe.
Cogitation \Cog`i*ta"tion\, n. [L. cogitatio: cf. F.
cogitation.]
The act of thinking; thought; meditation; contemplation.
``Fixed in cogitation deep.'' --Milton.
Cogitative \Cog"i*ta*tive\, a. [Cf. LL. cogitativus.]
1. Possessing, or pertaining to, the power of thinking or
meditating. ``Cogitative faculties.'' --Wollaston.
2. Given to thought or contemplation. --Sir H. Wotton.
Cogman \Cog"man\, n.
A dealer in cogware or coarse cloth. [Obs.] --Wright.
Cognac \Co"gnac`\, n. [F.]
A kind of French brandy, so called from the town of Cognac.
Cognate \Cog"nate\, a. [L. cognatus; co- + gnatus, natus, p. p.
of nasci, anciently gnasci, to be born. See {Nation}, and cf.
{Connate}.]
1. Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically (Law),
related on the mother's side.
2. Of the same or a similar nature; of the same family;
proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred;
as, a cognate language.
Cognate \Cog"nate\, n.
1. (Law) One who is related to another on the female side.
--Wharton.
2. One of a number of things allied in origin or nature; as,
certain letters are cognates.
Cognateness \Cog"nate*ness\, n.
The state of being cognate.
Cognati \Cog*na"ti\, n. pl. [L.] (Law)
Relatives by the mother's side. --Wharton.
Cognation \Cog*na"tion\, n. [L. cognatio.]
1. Relationship by blood; descent from the same original;
kindred.
As by our cognation to the body of the first Adam.
--Jer. Taylor.
2. Participation of the same nature. --Sir T. Browne.
A like temper and cognation. --Sir K.
Digby.
3. (Law) That tie of consanguinity which exists between
persons descended from the same mother; -- used in
distinction from {agnation}.
Cognatus \Cog*na"tus\, n. [L., a kinsman.] (Law)
A person connected through cognation.
Cognisor \Cog`ni*sor"\ (? or ?), Cognisee \Cog`ni*see\, n.
See {Cognizor}, {Cognizee}.
Cognition \Cog*ni"tion\, n. [L. cognitio, fr. cognoscere,
cognitum, to become acquainted with, to know; co- + noscere,
gnoscere, to get a knowledge of. See {Know}, v. t.]
1. The act of knowing; knowledge; perception.
I will not be myself nor have cognation Of what I
feel: I am all patience. --Shak.
2. That which is known.
Cognitive \Cog"ni*tive\, a.
Knowing, or apprehending by the understanding; as, cognitive
power. --South.
Cognizable \Cog"ni*za*ble\ (? or ?), a. [F. connaissable, fr.
conna[^i]tre to know, L. cognoscere. See Cognition.]
1. Capable of being known or apprehended; as, cognizable
causes.
2. Fitted to be a subject of judicial investigation; capable
of being judicially heard and determined.
Cognizable both in the ecclesiastical and secular
courts. --Ayliffe.
Cognizably \Cog"ni*za*bly\, adv.
In a cognizable manner.
Cognizance \Cog"ni*zance\ (? or ?; 277), n. [OF. conissance,
conoissance, F. connaissance, LL. cognoscentia, fr. L.
cognoscere to know. See {Cognition}, and cf. {Cognoscence},
{Connoisseur}.]
1. Apprehension by the understanding; perception;
observation.
Within the cognizance and lying under the control of
their divine Governor. --Bp. Hurd
2. Recollection; recognition.
Who, soon as on that knight his eye did glance,
Eftsoones of him had perfect cognizance. --Spenser.
3. (Law)
(a) Jurisdiction, or the power given by law to hear and
decide controversies.
(b) The hearing a matter judicially.
(c) An acknowledgment of a fine of lands and tenements or
confession of a thing done. [Eng.]
(d) A form of defense in the action of replevin, by which
the defendant insists that the goods were lawfully
taken, as a distress, by defendant, acting as servant
for another. [Eng.] --Cowell. Mozley & W.
4. The distinguishing mark worn by an armed knight, usually
upon the helmet, and by his retainers and followers:
Hence, in general, a badge worn by a retainer or
dependent, to indicate the person or party to which he
belonged; a token by which a thing may be known.
Wearing the liveries and cognizance of their master.
--Prescott.
This pale and angry rose, As cognizance of my
blood-drinking hate. --Shak.
Cognizant \Cog"ni*zant\ (? or ?), a. [See {Cognizance}, and cf.
{Connusant}.]
Having cognizance or knowledge. (of).
Cognize \Cog"nize\, v. t. [Cf. {Cognizant}, {Recognize}.]
To know or perceive; to recognize.
The reasoning faculty can deal with no facts until they
are cognized by it. --H. Spencer.
Cognizee \Cog`ni*zee"\ (? or ?), n. (Law)
One to whom a fine of land was acknowledged. --Blackstone.
Cognizor \Cog`ni*zor\, n. [See {Cognizance}.] (Law)
One who acknowledged the right of the plaintiff or cognizee
in a fine; the defendant. --Blackstone.
Cognomen \Cog*no"men\, n. [L.: co- + (g)nomen name.]
1. The last of the three names of a person among the ancient
Romans, denoting his house or family.
2. (Eng. Law) A surname.
Cognominal \Cog*nom"i*nal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a cognomen; of the nature of a surname.
Cognominal \Cog*nom"i*nal\, n.
One bearing the same name; a namesake. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Cognomination \Cog*nom`i*na"tion\, n. [L. cognominatio.]
A cognomen or surname. [R.] --Jer. Taylor.
Cognoscence \Cog*nos"cence\, n. [LL. cognoscentia. See
{Cognizance}.]
Cognizance. [R.] --Dr. H. More.
Cognoscente \Cog`nos*cen"te\, n.; pl. {Cognoscenti}. [OIt.
cognoscente, p. pr. of cognoscere, It. conoscere to know.]
A connoisseur. --Mason.
Cognoscibility \Cog*nos`ci*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being cognoscible. --Cudworth.
Cognoscible \Cog*nos"ci*ble\, a.
1. Capable of being known. ``Matters intelligible and
cognoscible.'' --Sir M. Hale.
2. Liable to judicial investigation. --Jer. Taylor.
Cognoscitive \Cog*nos"ci*tive\, a.
Having the power of knowing. [Obs.] ``An innate cognoscitive
power.'' --Cudworth.
Cognovit \Cog*no"vit\, n. [L., he has acknowledged.] (Law)
An instrument in writing whereby a defendant in an action
acknowledges a plaintiff's demand to be just. --Mozley & W.
Coguardian \Co*guard"i*an\, n.
A joint guardian.
Cogue \Cogue\, n. [Cf. {Cog} a small boat.]
A small wooden vessel; a pail. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Cogware \Cog"ware`\, n.
A coarse, narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower
classes in the sixteenth century. --Halliwell.
Cogwheel \Cog"wheel`\, n.
A wheel with cogs or teeth; a gear wheel. See Illust. of
{Gearing}.
Cohabit \Co*hab"it\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cohabited}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cohabiting}.] [L. cohabitare; co- + habitare to
dwell, to have possession of (a place), freg. of habere to
have. See {Habit}, n. & v.]
1. To inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place or
country.
The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark . .
. : they were not able to cohabit with that holy
thing. --South.
2. To dwell or live together as husband and wife.
The law presumes that husband and wife cohabit
together, even after a voluntary separation has
taken place between them. --Bouvier.
Note: By the common law as existing in the United States,
marriage is presumed when a man and woman cohabit
permanently together, being reputed by those who know
them to be husband and wife, and admitting the
relationship. --Wharton.
Cohabitant \Co*hab"it*ant\, n. [L. cohabitans, p. pr.]
One who dwells with another, or in the same place or country.
No small number of the Danes became peaceable
cohabitants with the Saxons in England. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Cohabitation \Co*hab"i*ta"tion\, n. [L. cohabitatio.]
1. The act or state of dwelling together, or in the same
place with another. --Feltham.
2. (Law) The living together of a man and woman in supposed
sexual relationship.
That the duty of cohabitation is released by the
cruelty of one of the parties is admitted. --Lord
Stowell.
Cohabiter \Co*hab"it*er\, n.
A cohabitant. --Hobbes.
Coheir \Co*heir\, n.
A joint heir; one of two or more heirs; one of several
entitled to an inheritance.
Coheiress \Co*heir"ess\, n.
A female heir who inherits with other heiresses; a joint
heiress.
Coheirship \Co*heir"ship\, n.
The state of being a coheir.
Coherald \Co*her"ald\, n.
A joint herald.
Cohere \Co*here"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cohered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cohering}.] [L. cohaerere, cohaesum; co- + haerere to
stick, adhere. See {Aghast}, a.]
1. To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to hold fast,
as parts of the same mass.
Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the
body are united or cohere together. --Locke.
2. To be united or connected together in subordination to one
purpose; to follow naturally and logically, as the parts
of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of reasoning;
to be logically consistent.
They have been inserted where they best seemed to
cohere. --Burke.
3. To suit; to agree; to fit. [Obs.]
Had time cohered with place, or place with wishing.
--Shak.
Syn: To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree; fit; be
consistent.
Coherence \Co*her"ence\, Coherency \Co*her"en*cy\, n. [L.
cohaerentia: cf. F. coh['e]rence.]
1. A sticking or cleaving together; union of parts of the
same body; cohesion.
2. Connection or dependence, proceeding from the
subordination of the parts of a thing to one principle or
purpose, as in the parts of a discourse, or of a system of
philosophy; consecutiveness.
Coherence of discourse, and a direct tendency of all
the parts of it to the argument in hand, are most
eminently to be found in him. --Locke.
Coherent \Co*her"ent\, a. [L. cohaerens, p. pr. See {Cohere}.]
1. Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of bodies; solid
or fluid. --Arbuthnot.
2. Composed of mutually dependent parts; making a logical
whole; consistent; as, a coherent plan, argument, or
discourse.
3. Logically consistent; -- applied to persons; as, a
coherent thinker. --Watts.
4. Suitable or suited; adapted; accordant. [Obs.]
Instruct my daughter how she shall persever, That
time and place, with this deceit so lawful, May
prove coherent. --Shak.
Coherently \Co*her"ent*ly\, adv.
In a coherent manner.
Cohesibility \Co*he`si*bil"i*ty\ (? or ?), n.
The state of being cohesible. --Good.
Cohesible \Co*he"si*ble\, a.
Capable of cohesion.
Cohesion \Co*he"sion\, n. [Cf. F. coh['e]sion. See {Cohere}.]
1. The act or state of sticking together; close union.
2. (Physics) That from of attraction by which the particles
of a body are united throughout the mass, whether like or
unlike; -- distinguished from adhesion, which unites
bodies by their adjacent surfaces.
Solids and fluids differ in the degree of cohesion,
which, being increased, turns a fluid into a solid.
--Arbuthnot.
3. Logical agreement and dependence; as, the cohesion of
ideas. --Locke.
Cohesive \Co*he"sive\, a.
1. Holding the particles of a homogeneous body together; as,
cohesive attraction; producing cohesion; as, a cohesive
force.
2. Cohering, or sticking together, as in a mass; capable of
cohering; tending to cohere; as, cohesive clay.
{Cohesive attraction}. See under {Attraction}. --
{Co*he"sive*ly}, adv. -- {Co*he"sive*ness}, n.
Cohibit \Co*hib"it\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cohibited}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cohibiting}.] [L. cohibitus, p. p. of cohibere to
confine; co- + habere to hold.]
To restrain. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Cohibition \Co`hi*bi"tion\, n. [L. cohibitio.]
Hindrance; restraint. [Obs.]
Cohobate \Co`ho*bate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cohobated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cohobating}.] [LL. cohobare; prob. of Arabic origin:
cf. F. cohober.] (Anc. Chem.)
To repeat the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon
the matter remaining in the vessel. --Arbuthnot.
Cohobation \Co`ho*ba"tion\, n. [Cf. F. cohobation.] (Anc. Chem.)
The process of cohobating. --Grew.
Cohorn \Co"horn\, n. (Mil.)
See {Coehorn}.
Cohort \Co"hort\, n. [L. cohors, prop. an inclosure: cf. F.
cohorte. See {Court}, n.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A body of about five or six hundred
soldiers; the tenth part of a legion.
2. Any band or body of warriors.
With him the cohort bright Of watchful cherubim.
--Milton.
3. (Bot.) A natural group of orders of plants, less
comprehensive than a class.
Cohosh \Co"hosh\, n. (Bot.)
A perennial American herb ({Caulophyllum thalictroides}),
whose rootstock is used in medicine; -- also called {pappoose
root}. The name is sometimes also given to the {Cimicifuga
racemosa}, and to two species of {Act[ae]a}, plants of the
Crowfoot family.
Coif \Coif\ (koif)
, n. [OF. coife, F. coiffe, LL. cofea, cuphia, fr. OHG. kuppa,
kuppha, miter, perh. fr. L. cupa tub. See {Cup}, n.; but cf.
also {Cop}, {Cuff} the article of dress, {Quoif}, n.]
A cap. Specifically:
(a) A close-fitting cap covering the sides of the head, like
a small hood without a cape.
(b) An official headdress, such as that worn by certain
judges in England. [Written also {quoif}.]
From point and saucy ermine down To the plain coif
and russet gown. --H. Brocke.
The judges, . . . althout they are not of the first
magnitude, nor need be of the degree of the coif,
yet are they considerable. --Bacon.
Coif \Coif\ (koif), v. t. [Cf. F. coiffer.]
To cover or dress with, or as with, a coif.
And coif me, where I'm bald, with flowers. --J. G.
Cooper.
Coifed \Coifed\ (koift), a.
Wearing a coif.
Coiffure \Coif"fure\, n. [F., fr. coiffer. See {Coif}.]
A headdress, or manner of dressing the hair. --Addison.
Coigne \Coigne\ (koin), n. [See {Coin}, n.]
A quoin.
See you yound coigne of the Capitol? yon corner stone?
--Shak.
Coigne \Coigne\, Coigny \Coign"y\, n.
The practice of quartering one's self as landlord on a
tenant; a quartering of one's self on anybody. [Ireland]
--Spenser.
Coil \Coil\ (koil), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coiled} (koild); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Coiling}.] [OF. coillir, F. cueillir, to collect,
gather together, L. coligere; col- + legere to gather. See
{Legend}, and cf. {Cull}, v. t., {Collect}.]
1. To wind cylindrically or spirally; as, to coil a rope when
not in use; the snake coiled itself before springing.
2. To encircle and hold with, or as with, coils. [Obs. or R.]
--T. Edwards.
Coil \Coil\, v. i.
To wind itself cylindrically or spirally; to form a coil; to
wind; -- often with about or around.
You can see his flery serpents . . . Coiting, playing
in the water. --Longfellow.
Coil \Coil\, n.
1. A ring, series of rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or
other like thing, is wound.
The wild grapevines that twisted their coils from
trec to tree. --W. Irving.
2. Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh; perplexity.
3. A series of connected pipes in rows or layers, as in a
steam heating apparatus.
{Induction coil}. (Elec.) See under {Induction}.
{Ruhmkorff's coil} (Elec.), an induction coil, sometimes so
called from Ruhmkorff, a prominent manufacturer of the
apparatus.
Coil \Coil\, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. goil fume, rage.]
A noise, tumult, bustle, or confusion. [Obs.] --Shak.
Coilon \Coi"lon\, n. [F. See {Cullion}.]
A testicle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Coin \Coin\ (koin), n. [F. coin, formerly also coing, wedge,
stamp, corner, fr. L. cuneus wedge; prob. akin to E. cone,
hone. See {Hone}, n., and cf. {Coigne}, {Quoin},
{Cuneiform}.]
1. A quoin; a corner or external angle; a wedge. See
{Coigne}, and {Quoin}.
2. A piece of metal on which certain characters are stamped
by government authority, making it legally current as
money; -- much used in a collective sense.
It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the
current coin of the realm. --Hallam.
3. That which serves for payment or recompense.
The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is
repaid in a nobler coin. --Hammond.
{Coin balance}. See Illust. of {Balance}.
{To pay one in his own coin}, to return to one the same kind
of injury or ill treatment as has been received from him.
[Colloq.]
Coin \Coin\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coined} (koind); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Coining}.]
1. To make of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as
a mass of metal; to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin
silver dollars; to coin a medal.
2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate; as, to coin
a word.
Some tale, some new pretense, he daily coined, To
soothe his sister and delude her mind. --Dryden.
3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to make.
Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter day.
--Locke.
Coin \Coin\, v. i.
To manufacture counterfeit money.
They cannot touch me for coining. --Shak.
Coinage \Coin"age\, n. [From {Coin}, v. t., cf. {Cuinage}.]
1. The act or process of converting metal into money.
The care of the coinage was committed to the
inferior magistrates. --Arbuthnot.
2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or place.
3. The cost or expense of coining money.
4. The act or process of fabricating or inventing; formation;
fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged.
``Unnecessary coinage . . . of words.'' --Dryden.
This is the very coinage of your brain. --Shak.
Coincide \Co`in*cide"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Coincided}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Coinciding}.] [L. co- + incidere to fall on; in +
cadere to fall: cf. F. co["i]ncider. See {Chance}, n.]
1. To occupy the same place in space, as two equal triangles,
when placed one on the other.
If the equator and the ecliptic had coincided, it
would have rendered the annual revoluton of the
earth useless. --Cheyne.
2. To occur at the same time; to be contemporaneous; as, the
fall of Granada coincided with the discovery of America.
3. To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur; as, our aims
coincide.
The rules of right jugdment and of good
ratiocination often coincide with each other.
--Watts.
Coincidence \Co*in"ci*dence\, n. [Cf. F. co["i]ncidence.]
1. The condition of occupying the same place in space; as,
the coincidence of circles, surfaces, etc. --Bentley.
2. The condition or fact of happening at the same time; as,
the coincidence of the deaths of John Adams and Thomas
Jefferson.
3. Exact correspondence in nature, character, result,
circumstances, etc.; concurrence; agreement.
The very concurrence and coincidence of ao many
evidences . . . carries a great weight. --Sir M.
Hale.
Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth . .
. affirm a perfect coincidence between truth and
goodness. --South.
Coincibency \Co*in"ci*ben*cy\, n.
Coincidence. [R.]
Coincident \Co*in"ci*dent\, a. [Cf. F. co["i]ncident.]
Having coincidence; occupying the same place;
contemporaneous; concurrent; -- followed by with.
Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly
suitable to, and coincident with, the ruling principles
of a virtuous and well-inclined man. --South.
Coincident \Co*in"ci*dent\, n.
One of two or more coincident events; a coincidence. [R.]
``Coincidents and accidents.'' --Froude.
Coincidental \Co*in`ci*den"tal\, a.
Coincident.
Coincidently \Co*in"ci*dent*ly\, adv.
With coincidence.
Coincider \Co`in*cid"er\, n.
One who coincides with another in an opinion.
Coindication \Co*in`di*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. co["i]dication.]
One of several signs or symptoms indicating the same fact;
as, a coindication of disease.
Coiner \Coin"er\, n.
1. One who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; --
usually, a maker of counterfeit money.
Precautions such as are employed by coiners and
receivers of stolen goods. --Macaulay.
2. An inventor or maker, as of words. --Camden.
Coinhabitant \Co`in*hab"it*ant\, n.
One who dwells with another, or with others. ``Coinhabitants
of the same element.'' --Dr. H. More.
Coinhere \Co`in*here"\, v. i.
To inhere or exist together, as in one substance. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Coinheritance \Co`in*her"it*ance\, n.
Joint inheritance.
Coinheritor \Co`in*her"it*or\, n.
A coheir.
Coinitial \Co`in*i"tial\, a. (Math.)
Having a common beginning.
Coinquinate \Co*in"qui*nate\, v. t. [L. coinquinatus, p. p. of
coinquinare to defile. See {Inquinate}.]
To pollute. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Coinquination \Co*in`qui*na"tion\, n.
Defilement. [Obs.]
Coinstantaneous \Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous\, a.
Happening at the same instant. --C. Darwin.
Cointense \Co`intense"\, a.
Equal in intensity or degree; as, the relations between 6 and
12, and 8 and 16, are cointense. --H. Spencer.
Cointension \Co`in*ten"sion\, n.
The condition of being of equal in intensity; -- applied to
relations; as, 3:6 and 6:12 are relations of cointension.
Cointension . . . is chosen indicate the equality of
relations in respect of the contrast between their
terms. --H. Spencer.
Coir \Coir\ (koir), n. [Tamil kayiru.]
1. A material for cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the
prepared fiber of the outer husk of the cocoanut.
--Homans.
2. Cordage or cables, made of this material.
Coistril \Cois"tril\, n. [Prob. from OF. coustillier groom or
lad. Cf. {Custrel}.]
1. An inferior groom or lad employed by an esquire to carry
the knight's arms and other necessaries. [Written also
{coistrel}.]
2. A mean, paltry fellow; a coward. [Obs.] --Shak.
Coit \Coit\ (koit), n. [See {Quoit}.]
A quoit. [Obs.] --Carew.
Coit \Coit\, v. t.
To throw, as a stone. [Obs.] See {Quoit}.
Coition \Co*i"tion\, n. [L. coitio, fr. coire to come together;
co- + ire to go.]
A coming together; sexual intercourse; copulation. --Grew.
Cojoin \Co*join"\, v. t.
To join; to conjoin. [R.] --Shak.
Cojuror \Co*ju"ror\, n.
One who swears to another's credibility. --W. Wotton.
Coke \Coke\, n. [Perh. akin to cake, n.]
Mineral coal charred, or depriver of its bitumen, sulphur, or
other volatile matter by roasting in a kiln or oven, or by
distillation, as in gas works. It is lagerly used where ?
smokeless fire is required. [Written also {coak}.]
{Gas coke}, the coke formed in gas retorts, as distinguished
from that made in ovens.
Coke \Coke\, v. t.
To convert into coke.
Cokenay \Coke"nay\, n.
A cockney. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cokernut \Co"ker*nut`\, n. (Com.)
The cocoanut.
Note: A mode of spelling introduced by the London customhouse
to distinguish more widely between this and other
articles spelt much in the same manner.
Cokes \Cokes\, n. [OE. Cf. {Coax}.]
A simpleton; a gull; a dupe. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Cokewold \Coke"wold\, n.
Cuckold. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Col- \Col-\
A prefix signifying with, together. See {Com-}.
Col \Col\, n. [F., neck, fr. L. collum neck.]
A short ridge connecting two higher elevations or mountains;
the pass over such a ridge.
Colaborer \Co*la"bor*er\, n.
One who labors with another; an associate in labor.
Colander \Col"an*der\, n. [L. colans, -antis, p. pr. of colare
to filter, to strain, fr. colum a strainer. Cf. {Cullis},
{Culvert}.]
A utensil with a bottom perforated with little holes for
straining liquids, mashed vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of
wickerwork, perforated metal, or the like.
Colation \Co*la"tion\, n. [See {Colander}.]
The act or process of straining or filtering. [R.]
Colatitude \Co*lat"i*tude\ (?; 134), n. [Formed like cosine. See
{Cosine}.]
The complement of the latitude, or the difference between any
latitude and ninety degrees.
Colature \Col"a*ture\ (?; 135), n. [L. colatura, from colare:
cf. F. colature. See {Colander}.]
The process of straining; the matter strained; a strainer.
[R.]
Colbertine \Col"ber*tine\, n. [From Jean Baptiste Colbert, a
minister of Louis XIV., who encouraged the lace manufacture
in France.]
A kind of lace. [Obs.]
Pinners edged with colbertine. --Swift.
Difference rose between Mechlin, the queen of lace, and
colbertine. --Young.
Colchicine \Col"chi*cine\ (? or ?), n. [Cf. F. colchicine.]
(Chem.)
A powerful vegetable alkaloid, {C17H19NO5}, extracted from
the {Colchicum autumnale}, or meadow saffron, as a white or
yellowish amorphous powder, with a harsh, bitter taste; --
called also {colchicia}.
Colchicum \Col"chi*cum\, n. [L., a plant with a poisonous root,
fr. Colchicus Colchian, fr. Colchis, Gr. ?, an ancient
province in Asia, east of the Black Sea, where was the home
of Media the sorceress.] (Bot.)
A genus of bulbous-rooted plants found in many parts of
Europe, including the meadow saffron.
Note: Preparations made from the poisonous bulbs and seeds,
and perhaps from the flowers, of the {Colchicum
autumnale} (meadow saffron) are used as remedies for
gout and rheumatism.
Colcothar \Col"co*thar\ (k[o^]l"k[-o]*th[~e]r), n. [NL.
colcothar vitrioli, fr. Ar. qolqo[.t]ar.] (Chem.)
Polishing rouge; a reddish brown oxide of iron, used in
polishing glass, and also as a pigment; -- called also
{crocus Martis}.
Cold \Cold\ (k[=o]ld), a. [Compar. {Colder} (-[~e]r); superl.
{Coldest}.] [OE. cold, cald, AS. cald, ceald; akin to OS.
kald, D. koud, G. kalt, Icel. kaldr, Dan. kold, Sw. kall,
Goth. kalds, L. gelu frost, gelare to freeze. Orig. p. p. of
AS. calan to be cold, Icel. kala to freeze. Cf. {Cool}, a.,
{Chill}, n.]
1. Deprived of heat, or having a low temperature; not warm or
hot; gelid; frigid. ``The snowy top of cold Olympis.''
--Milton.
2. Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from the
absence of heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be cold.
3. Not pungent or acrid. ``Cold plants.'' --Bacon
4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or passion;
spiritless; unconcerned; reserved.
A cold and unconcerned spectator. --T. Burnet.
No cold relation is a zealous citizen. --Burke.
5. Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory. ``Cold news for
me.'' ``Cold comfort.'' --Shak.
6. Wanting in power to excite; dull; uninteresting.
What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend the
better part of life in! --B. Jonson.
The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on in a
second scene. --Addison.
7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting dogs) but
feebly; having lost its odor; as, a cold scent.
8. Not sensitive; not acute.
Smell this business with a sense as cold As is a
dead man's nose. --Shak.
9. Distant; -- said, in the game of hunting for some object,
of a seeker remote from the thing concealed.
10. (Paint.) Having a bluish effect. Cf. {Warm}, 8.
{Cold abscess}. See under {Abscess}.
{Cold blast} See under {Blast}, n., 2.
{Cold blood}. See under {Blood}, n., 8.
{Cold chill}, an ague fit. --Wright.
{Cold chisel}, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness,
for cutting cold metal. --Weale.
{Cold cream}. See under {Cream}.
{Cold slaw}. See {Cole slaw}.
{In cold blood}, without excitement or passion; deliberately.
He was slain in cold blood after the fight was over.
--Sir W.
Scott.
{To give one the cold shoulder}, to treat one with neglect.
Syn: Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent; unconcerned;
passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.
Cold \Cold\, n.
1. The relative absence of heat or warmth.
2. The sensation produced by the escape of heat; chilliness
or chillness.
When she saw her lord prepared to part, A deadly
cold ran shivering to her heart. --Dryden.
3. (Med.) A morbid state of the animal system produced by
exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh.
{Cold sore} (Med.), a vesicular eruption appearing about the
mouth as the result of a cold, or in the course of any
disease attended with fever.
{To leave one out in the cold}, to overlook or neglect him.
[Colloq.]
Cold \Cold\, v. i.
To become cold. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cold-blooded \Cold"-blood`ed\, a.
1. Having cold blood; -- said of fish or animals whose blood
is but little warmer than the water or air about them.
2. Deficient in sensibility or feeling; hard-hearted.
3. Not thoroughbred; -- said of animals, as horses, which are
derived from the common stock of a country.
Coldfinch \Cold"finch`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A British wagtail.
Cold-hearted \Cold"-heart`ed\, a.
Wanting passion or feeling; indifferent. --
{Cold"-heart`ed*ness}, n.
Coldish \Cold"ish\, a.
Somewhat cold; cool; chilly.
Coldly \Cold"ly\, adv.
In a cold manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with
indifference; calmly.
Withdraw unto some private place, And reason coldly of
your grievances. --Shak.
Coldness \Cold"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being cold.
Cold-short \Cold"-short`\, a.
Brittle when cold; as, cold-short iron.
Cold-shut \Cold"-shut`\, a. (Metal.)
Closed while too cold to become thoroughly welded; -- said of
a forging or casting. -- n. An imperfection caused by such
insufficient welding.
Cole \Cole\, n. [OE. col, caul, AS. cawl, cawel, fr. L. caulis,
the stalk or stem of a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage,
akin to Gr. ?. Cf. {Cauliflower}, {Kale}.] (Bot.)
A plant of the {Brassica} or Cabbage genus; esp. that form of
{B. oleracea} called {rape} and {coleseed}.
Co-legatee \Co-leg`a*tee"\, n.
A joint legatee.
Colegoose \Cole"goose`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Coalgoose}.
Colemanite \Cole"man*ite\, n. [From W.T. Coleman of San
Francisco.] (Min.)
A hydrous borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless
or white crystals, also massive, in Southern California.
Colemouse \Cole"mouse`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Coletit}.
Coleopter \Co`le*op"ter\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Coleoptera.
Coleoptera \Co`le*op"te*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
sheath-winged; ? sheath + ? wing.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of insects having the anterior pair of wings
(elytra) hard and horny, and serving as coverings for the
posterior pair, which are membranous, and folded transversely
under the others when not in use. The mouth parts form two
pairs of jaws (mandibles and maxill[ae]) adapted for chewing.
Most of the Coleoptera are known as beetles and weevils.
Coleopteral \Co`le*op"ter*al\, Coleopterous \Co`le*op"ter*ous\a.
[Gr. ?.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having wings covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the
Coleoptera.
Coleopteran \Co`le*op"ter*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the order of Coleoptera.
Coleopterist \Co`le*op"ter*ist\, n.
One versed in the study of the Coleoptera.
Coleorhiza \Co`le*o*rhi"za\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? sheath + ?
root.]
A sheath in the embryo of grasses, inclosing the caulicle.
--Gray.
Coleperch \Cole"perch`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of small black perch.
Colera \Col"e*ra\, n. [L. cholera. See {Choler}.]
Bile; choler. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Coleridgian \Cole*ridg"i*an\, a.
Pertaining to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, or to his poetry or
metaphysics.
Coleseed \Cole"seed`\, n.
The common rape or cole.
Coleslaw \Cole"slaw`\, n. [D. kool slaa cabbage salad.]
A salad made of sliced cabbage.
Co-lessee \Co`-les*see"\, n.
A partner in a lease taken.
Co-lessor \Co`-les*sor"\, n.
A partner in giving a lease.
Colestaff \Cole"staff`\, n.
See {Colstaff}.
Colet \Col"et\, Collet \Col"let\ [Corrupted fr. acolyte.]
An inferior church servant. [Obs.] See {Acolyte}.
Coletit \Cole"tit`\ or Coaltit \Coal"tit\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small European titmouse ({Parus ater}), so named from its
black color; -- called also {coalmouse} and {colemouse}.
Coleus \Co"le*us\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a sheath; -- referring to
the manner in which the stamens are united.] (Bot.)
A plant of several species of the Mint family, cultivated for
its bright-colored or variegated leaves.
Colewort \Cole"wort`\, n. [AS. cawlwyrt; cawl cole + wyrt wort.
Cf. {Collards}.]
1. A variety of cabbage in which the leaves never form a
compact head.
2. Any white cabbage before the head has become firm.
Colfox \Col"fox`\, n.
A crafty fox. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Colic \Col"ic\, n. [F. colique, fr. L. colicus sick with the
colic, GR. ?, fr. ?, ?, the colon. The disease is so named
from its being seated in or near the colon. See {Colon}.]
(Med.)
A severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm,
obstruction, or distention of some one of the hollow viscera.
{Hepatic colic}, the severe pain produced by the passage of a
gallstone from the liver or gall bladder through the bile
duct.
{Intestinal colic}, or {Ordinary colic}, pain due to
distention of the intestines by gas.
{Lead colic}, {Painter's colic}, a violent form of intestinal
colic, associated with obstinate constipation, produced by
chronic lead poisoning.
{Renal colic}, the severe pain produced by the passage of a
calculus from the kidney through the ureter.
{Wind colic}. See {Intestinal colic}, above.
Colic \Col"ic\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to colic; affecting the bowels. --Milton.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the colon; as, the colic
arteries.
Colical \Col"ic*al\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic. --Swift.
Colicky \Col"ick*y\, a.
Pertaining to, or troubled with, colic; as, a colicky
disorder.
Colicroot \Col"ic*root`\, n.
A bitter American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the
leaves all radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in
a long spike ({Aletris farinosa} and {A. aurea}). Called
sometimes star grass, blackroot, blazing star, and unicorn
root.
Colin \Col"in\, n. [F. colin; prop. a dim. of Colas, contr. fr.
Nicolas Nicholas.] (Zo["o]l.)
The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to
other related species. See {Bobwhite}.
Coliseum \Col`i*se"um\, n. [NL. (cf. It. coliseo, colosseo), fr.
L. colosseus colossal, fr. colossus a colossus. See
{Colossus}, and cf. {Colosseum}.]
The amphitheater of Vespasian at Rome, the largest in the
world. [Written also {Colosseum}.]
Colitis \Co*li"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + -itis.] (Med.)
An inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous
membrane; colonitis.
Coll \Coll\, v. t. [OF. coler, fr. L. collum neck.]
To embrace. [Obs.] ``They coll and kiss him.'' --Latimer.
Collaborateur \Col*la`bo*ra*teur"\, n. [F.]
See {Collaborator}.
Collaboration \Col*lab`o*ra"tion\, n.
The act of working together; united labor.
Collaborator \Col*lab"o*ra`tor\, n. [L. collaborare to labor
together; col- + laborare to labor: cf. F. collaborateur.]
An associate in labor, especially in literary or scientific
labor.
Collagen \Col"la*gen\, n. [Gr. ko`lla glue + -gen.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of
tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it
becomes gelatin or glue.
Collagenous \Col*lag"e*nous\, a. (Physiol.)
Containing or resembling collagen.
Collapse \Col*lapse"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Collapsed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Collapsing}] [L. collapsus, p. p. of collabi to
collapse; col- + labi to fall, slide. See {Lapse}.]
1. To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a hollow
vessel; to close by falling or shrinking together; to have
the sides or parts of (a thing) fall in together, or be
crushed in together; as, a flue in the boiler of a steam
engine sometimes collapses.
A balloon collapses when the gas escapes from it.
--Maunder.
2. To fail suddenly and completely, like something hollow
when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse;
as, Maximilian's government collapsed soon after the
French army left Mexico; many financial projects collapse
after attaining some success and importance.
Collapse \Col*lapse"\, n.
1. A falling together suddenly, as of the sides of a hollow
vessel.
2. A sudden and complete failure; an utter failure of any
kind; a breakdown. [Colloq.]
3. (Med.) Extreme depression or sudden failing of all the
vital powers, as the result of disease, injury, or nervous
disturbance.
Collapsion \Col*lap"sion\, n. [L. collapsio.]
Collapse. [R.] --Johnson.
Collar \Col"lar\, n. [OE. coler, coller, OF. colier, F. collier,
necklace, collar, fr. OF. col neck, F. cou, fr. L. collum;
akin to AS. heals, G. & Goth. hals. Cf. {Hals}, n.]
1. Something worn round the neck, whether for use, ornament,
restraint, or identification; as, the collar of a coat; a
lady's collar; the collar of a dog.
2. (Arch.)
(a) A ring or cincture.
(b) A collar beam.
3. (Bot.) The neck or line of junction between the root of a
plant and its stem. --Gray.
4. An ornament worn round the neck by knights, having on it
devices to designate their rank or order.
5. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A ringlike part of a mollusk in connection with
esophagus.
(b) A colored ring round the neck of a bird or mammal.
6. (Mech.) A ring or round flange upon, surrounding, or
against an object, and used for restraining motion within
given limits, or for holding something to its place, or
for hiding an opening around an object; as, a collar on a
shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the shaft; a
collar surrounding a stovepipe at the place where it
enters a wall. The flanges of a piston and the gland of a
stuffing box are sometimes called collars.
7. (Naut.) An eye formed in the bight or bend of a shroud or
stay to go over the masthead; also, a rope to which
certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are secured.
8. (Mining) A curb, or a horizontal timbering, around the
mouth of a shaft. --Raymond.
{Collar beam} (Arch.), a horizontal piece of timber
connecting and tying together two opposite rafters; --
also, called simply {collar}.
{Collar of brawn}, the quantity of brawn bound up in one
parcel. [Eng.] --Johnson.
{Collar day}, a day of great ceremony at the English court,
when persons, who are dignitaries of honorary orders, wear
the collars of those orders.
{To slip the collar}, to get free; to disentangle one's self
from difficulty, labor, or engagement. --Spenser.
Collar \Col"lar\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Collared}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Collaring}.]
1. To seize by the collar.
2. To put a collar on.
{To collar beef} (or other meat), to roll it up, and bind it
close with a string preparatory to cooking it.
Collar bone \Col"lar bone`\ (Anat.)
The clavicle.
Collards \Col"lards\, n. pl. [Corrupted fr. colewort.]
Young cabbage, used as ``greens''; esp. a kind cultivated for
that purpose; colewort. [Colloq. Souther U. S.]
Collared \Col"lared\, a.
1. Wearing a collar. ``Collared with gold.'' --Chaucer.
2. (Her.) Wearing a collar; -- said of a man or beast used as
a bearing when a collar is represented as worn around the
neck or loins.
3. Rolled up and bound close with a string; as, collared
beef. See {To collar beef}, under {Collar}, v. t.
Collatable \Col*lat"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being collated. --Coleridge.
Collate \Col*late"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Collated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Collating}.] [From {Collation}.]
1. To compare critically, as books or manuscripts, in order
to note the points of agreement or disagreement.
I must collage it, word, with the original Hebrew.
--Coleridge.
2. To gather and place in order, as the sheets of a book for
binding.
3. (Eccl.) To present and institute in a benefice, when the
person presenting is both the patron and the ordinary; --
followed by to.
4. To bestow or confer. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Collate \Col*late"\, v. i. (Ecl.)
To place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the
patron and the ordinary.
If the bishop neglets to collate within six months, the
right to do it devolves on the archbishop. --Encyc.
Brit.
Collateral \Col*lat"er*al\, a. [LL. collateralis; col- +
lateralis lateral. See {Lateral}.]
1. Coming from, being on, or directed toward, the side; as,
collateral pressure. ``Collateral light.'' --Shak.
2. Acting in an indirect way.
If by direct or by collateral hand They find us
touched, we will our kingdom give . . . To you in
satisfaction. --Shak.
3. Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main thing or
matter under consideration; hence, subordinate; not chief
or principal; as, collateral interest; collateral issues.
That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on
the main question, and on all the collateral
questions springing out of it, . . . is true.
--Macaulay.
4. Tending toward the same conclusion or result as something
else; additional; as, collateral evidence.
Yet the attempt may give Collateral interest to this
homely tale. --Wordsworth.
5. (Genealogy) Descending from the same stock or ancestor,
but not in the same line or branch or one from the other;
-- opposed to lineal.
Note: Lineal descendants proceed one from another in a direct
line; collateral relations spring from a common
ancestor, but from different branches of that common
stirps or stock. Thus the children of brothers are
collateral relations, having different fathers, but a
common grandfather. --Blackstone.
{Collateral assurance}, that which is made, over and above
the deed itself.
{Collateral circulation} (Med. & Physiol.), circulation
established through indirect or subordinate branches when
the supply through the main vessel is obstructed.
{Collateral issue}. (Law)
(a) An issue taken upon a matter aside from the merits of
the case.
(b) An issue raised by a criminal convict who pleads any
matter allowed by law in bar of execution, as pardon,
diversity of person, etc.
(c) A point raised, on cross-examination, aside from the
issue fixed by the pleadings, as to which the answer
of the witness, when given, cannot subsequently be
contradicted by the party asking the question.
{Collateral security}, security for the performance of
covenants, or the payment of money, besides the principal
security,
Collateral \Col*lat"er*al\, n.
1. A collateral relative. --Ayliffe.
2. Collateral security; that which is pledged or deposited as
collateral security.
Collaterally \Col*lat"er*al*ly\, adv.
1. Side by side; by the side.
These pulleys . . . placed collaterally. --Bp.
Wilkins.
2. In an indirect or subordinate manner; indirectly.
The will hath force upon the conscience collaterally
and indirectly. --Jer. Taylor.
3. In collateral relation; not lineally.
Collateralness \Col*lat"er*al*ness\, n.
The state of being collateral.
Collation \Col*la"tion\, n. [OE. collacioun speech, conference,
reflection, OF. collacion, F. collation, fr. L. collatio a
bringing together, comparing, fr. collatum (used as the
supine of conferre); col- + latium (used as the supine of
ferre to bear), for tlatum. See {Tolerate}, v. t.]
1. The act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one
copy er thing (as of a book, or manuscript) with another
of a like kind; comparison, in general. --Pope.
2. (Print.) The gathering and examination of sheets
preparatory to binding.
3. The act of conferring or bestowing. [Obs.]
Not by the collation of the king . . . but by the
people. --Bacon.
4. A conference. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
5. (Eccl. Law) The presentation of a clergyman to a benefice
by a bishop, who has it in his own gift.
6. (Law)
(a) The act of comparing the copy of any paper with its
original to ascertain its conformity.
(b) The report of the act made by the proper officers.
7. (Scots Law) The right which an heir has of throwing the
whole heritable and movable estates of the deceased into
one mass, and sharing it equally with others who are of
the same degree of kindred.
Note: This also obtains in the civil law, and is found in the
code of Louisiana. --Bouvier.
8. (Eccles.) A collection of the Lives of the Fathers or
other devout work read daily in monasteries.
9. A light repast or luncheon; as, a cold collation; -- first
applied to the refreshment on fast days that accompanied
the reading of the collation in monasteries.
A collation of wine and sweetmeats. --Whiston.
{Collation of seals} (Old Law), a method of ascertaining the
genuineness of a seal by comparing it with another known
to be genuine. --Bouvier.
Collation \Col*la"tion\, v. i.
To partake of a collation. [Obs.]
May 20, 1658, I . . . collationed in Spring Garden.
--Evelyn.
Collationer \Col*la"tion*er\, n. (Print.)
One who examines the sheets of a book that has just been
printed, to ascertain whether they are correctly printed,
paged, etc. [Eng.]
Collatitious \Col`la*ti"tious\, a. [L. collatitius. See
{Collation}.]
Brought together; contributed; done by contributions. [Obs.]
--Bailey.
Collative \Col*la"tive\, a. [L. collativus brought together. ]
Passing or held by collation; -- said of livings of which the
bishop and the patron are the same person.
Collator \Col*la"tor\, n. [L.]
1. One who collates manuscripts, books, etc. --Addison.
2. (Eccl. Law) One who collates to a benefice.
3. One who confers any benefit. [Obs.] --Feltham.
Collaud \Col*laud"\, v. t. [L. collaudare; col- + laudare to
praise.]
To join in praising. [Obs.] --Howell.
Colleague \Col"league\ (k[o^]l"l[=e]g), n. [F. coll[`e]gue, L.
collega one chosen at the same time with another, a partner
in office; col- + legare to send or choose as deputy. See
{Legate}.]
A partner or associate in some civil or ecclesiastical office
or employment. It is never used of partners in trade or
manufactures.
Syn: Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate;
companion; confederate.
Colleague \Col*league"\ (k[o^]l*l[=e]g"), v.t & i.
To unite or associate with another or with others. [R.]
--Shak.
Colleagueship \Col"league*ship\, n.
Partnership in office. --Milton.
Collect \Col*lect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Collected}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Collecting}.] [L. collecrus, p. p. of collerige to
bind together; col- + legere to gather: cf. OF. collecter.
See {Legend}, and cf. {Coil}, v. t., {Cull}, v. t.]
1. To gather into one body or place; to assemble or bring
together; to obtain by gathering.
A band of men Collected choicely from each country.
--Shak.
'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by
preserving what our labor and industry daily
collect. --Watts.
2. To demand and obtain payment of, as an account, or other
indebtedness; as, to collect taxes.
3. To infer from observed facts; to conclude from premises.
[Archaic.] --Shak.
Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill collected.
--Locke.
{To collect one's self}, to recover from surprise,
embarrassment, or fear; to regain self-control.
Syn: To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate;
garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.
Collect \Col*lect"\, v. i.
1. To assemble together; as, the people collected in a crowd;
to accumulate; as, snow collects in banks.
2. To infer; to conclude. [Archaic]
Whence some collect that the former word imports a
plurality of persons. --South.
Collect \Col"lect\, n. [LL. collecta, fr. L. collecta a
collection in money; an assemblage, fr. collerige: cf. F.
collecte. See {Collect}, v. t.]
A short, comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day,
occasion, or condition, and forming part of a liturgy.
The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly
a collect in verse. --Macaulay.
Collectanea \Col`lec*ta"ne*a\, n. pl. [Neut. pl. from L.
collectaneus collected, fr. colligere. See {Collect}, v. t.]
Passages selected from various authors, usually for purposes
of instruction; miscellany; anthology.
Collected \Col*lect"ed\, a.
1. Gathered together.
2. Self-possessed; calm; composed.
Collectedly \Col*lect"ed*ly\, adv.
Composedly; coolly.
Collectedness \Col*lect"ed*ness\, n.
A collected state of the mind; self-possession.
Collectible \Col*lect"i*ble\, a.
Capable of being collected.
Collection \Col*lec"tion\, n. [L. collectio: cf. F. collection.]
1. The act or process of collecting or of gathering; as, the
collection of specimens.
2. That which is collected; as:
(a) A gathering or assemblage of objects or of persons.
``A collection of letters.'' --Macaulay.
(b) A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes,
as by passing a contribution box for freewill
offerings. ``The collection for the saints.'' --1 Cor.
xvi. 1
(c) (Usually in pl.) That which is obtained in payment of
demands.
(d) An accumulation of any substance. ``Collections of
moisture.'' --Whewell. ``A purulent collection.''
--Dunglison.
3. The act of inferring or concluding from premises or
observed facts; also, that which is inferred. [Obs.]
We may safely say thus, that wrong collections have
been hitherto made out of those words by modern
divines. --Milton.
4. The jurisdiction of a collector of excise. [Eng.]
Syn: Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd;
congregation; mass; heap; compilation.
Collectional \Col*lec"tion*al\ (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to collecting.
The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for
collectional purposes. --H. A.
Merewether.
Collective \Col*lect"ive\, a. [L. collectivus: cf. F.
collectif.]
1. Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into a mass,
sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; as, the
{collective} body of a nation. --Bp. Hoadley.
2. Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring. [Obs.]
``Critical and collective reason.'' --Sir T. Browne.
3. (Gram.) Expressing a collection or aggregate of
individuals, by a singular form; as, a collective name or
noun, like assembly, army, jury, etc.
4. Tending to collect; forming a collection.
Local is his throne . . . to fix a point, A central
point, collective of his sons. --Young.
5. Having plurality of origin or authority; as, in diplomacy,
a note signed by the representatives of several
governments is called a collective note.
{Collective fruit} (Bot.), that which is formed from a mass
of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and the like; --
called also {multiple fruit}. --Gray.
Collective \Col*lect"ive\, n. (Gram.)
A collective noun or name.
Collectively \Col*lect"ive*ly\, adv.
In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate;
unitedly.
Collectiveness \Col*lect"ive*ness\, n.
A state of union; mass.
Collectivism \Col*lect"iv*ism\, n. [Cf. F. collectivisme.]
(Polit. Econ.)
The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by society
collectively or as a whole; communism. --W. G. Summer.
Collectivist \Col*lect"iv*ist\, n. [Cf. F. collectiviste.]
An advocate of collectivism. -- a. Relating to, or
characteristic of, collectivism.
Collector \Col*lect"or\, n. [LL. collector one who collects: cf.
F. collecteur.]
1. One who collects things which are separate; esp., one who
makes a business or practice of collecting works of art,
objects in natural history, etc.; as, a collector of
coins.
I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks
I have been thirty years a collector. --Lamb.
2. A compiler of books; one who collects scattered passages
and puts them together in one book.
Volumes without the collector's own reflections.
--Addison.
3. (Com.) An officer appointed and commissioned to collect
and receive customs, duties, taxes, or toll.
A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by
collectors, and other officers. --Sir W.
Temple.
4. One authorized to collect debts.
5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly appointed to
superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent. --Todd.
Collectorate \Col*lect"or*ate\, n.
The district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.
Collectorship \Col*lect"or*ship\, n.
The office of a collector of customs or of taxes.
Collegatary \Col*leg"a*ta*ry\, n. [L. collegetarius. See
{Legatary}.] (Law)
A joint legatee.
College \Col"lege\, n. [F. coll[`e]ge, L. collegium, fr. collega
colleague. See {Colleague}.]
1. A collection, body, or society of persons engaged in
common pursuits, or having common duties and interests,
and sometimes, by charter, peculiar rights and privileges;
as, a college of heralds; a college of electors; a college
of bishops.
The college of the cardinals. --Shak.
Then they made colleges of sufferers; persons who,
to secure their inheritance in the world to come,
did cut off all their portion in this. --Jer.
Taylor.
2. A society of scholars or friends of learning, incorporated
for study or instruction, esp. in the higher branches of
knowledge; as, the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge
Universities, and many American colleges.
Note: In France and some other parts of continental Europe,
college is used to include schools occupied with
rudimentary studies, and receiving children as pupils.
3. A building, or number of buildings, used by a college.
``The gate of Trinity College.'' --Macaulay.
4. Fig.: A community. [R.]
Thick as the college of the bees in May. --Dryden.
{College of justice}, a term applied in Scotland to the
supreme civil courts and their principal officers.
{The sacred college}, the college or cardinals at Rome.
Collegial \Col*le"gi*al\, n. [LL. collegialis.]
Collegiate. [R.]
Collegian \Col*le"gi*an\, n.
A member of a college, particularly of a literary institution
so called; a student in a college.
Collegiate \Col*le"gi*ate\, a. [L. collegiatus.]
Of or pertaining to a college; as, collegiate studies; a
collegiate society. --Johnson.
{Collegiate church}.
(a) A church which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a
cathedral in having a college, or chapter of canons (and,
in the Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey.
(b) An association of churches, possessing common revenues
and administered under the joint pastorate of several
ministers; as, the Reformed (Dutch) Collegiate Church of
New York.
Collegiate \Col*le"gi*ate\, n.
A member of a college. --Burton.
Collembola \Col*lem"bo*la\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ko`lla glue +
'e`mbolon wedge, peg; -- so called from their having
collophores.] (Zo["o]l.)
The division of Thysanura which includes {Podura}, and allied
forms.
Collenchyma \Col*len"chy*ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ko`lla glue + ?
an infusion. Formed like parenchyma.] (Bot.)
A tissue of vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles
and (usually) elongated.
Collet \Col"let\, n. [F. collet, dim. fr. L. collum neck. See
{Collar}.]
1. A small collar or neckband. --Foxe.
2. (Mech.) A small metal ring; a small collar fastened on an
arbor; as, the collet on the balance arbor of a watch; a
small socket on a stem, for holding a drill.
3. (Jewelry)
(a) The part of a ring containing the bezel in which the
stone is set.
(b) The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See Illust.
of {Brilliant}.
How full the collet with his jewel is! --Cowley.
Colleterial \Col`le*te"ri*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the colleterium of insects. --R. Owen.
Colleterium \Col`le*te"ri*um\, n. [NL. See {Colletic}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the
ejected ova.
Colletic \Col*let"ic\, a. [L. colleticus suitable for gluing,
Gr. ?, fr. ? to glue, ko`lla glue.]
Agglutinant. -- n. An agglutinant.
Colley \Col"ley\, n.
See {Collie}.
Collide \Col*lide"\, v. i. [L. collidere, collisum; col- +
laedere to strike. See {Lesion}.]
To strike or dash against each other; to come into collision;
to clash; as, the vessels collided; their interests collided.
Across this space the attraction urges them. They
collide, they recoil, they oscillate. --Tyndall.
No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and
colliding. --Carlyle.
Collide \Col*lide"\, v. t.
To strike or dash against. [Obs.]
Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from
the bodies collided. --Sir T.
Browne.
Collidine \Col"li*dine\, n. [Gr. ko`lla glue.] (Chem.)
One of a class of organic bases, {C8H11N}, usually pungent
oily liquids, belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained
from bone oil, coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.
Collie \Col"lie\, n. [Gael. cuilean whelp, puppy, dog.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two breeds, the
rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for its
intelligence, displayed especially in caring for flocks.
[Written also {colly}, {colley}.]
Collied \Col"lied\, p. & a.
Darkened. See {Colly}, v. t.
Collier \Col"lier\, n. [OE. colier. See {Coal}.]
1. One engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or
making charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.
2. A vessel employed in the coal trade.
Colliery \Col"lier*y\, n.; pl. {Collieries}. [Cf. {Coalery},
{Collier}.]
1. The place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the
buildings, etc., belonging to it.
2. The coal trade. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Colliflower \Col"li*flow`er\, n.
See {Cauliflower}.
Colligate \Col"li*gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Colligated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Colligating}.] [L. colligatus, p. p. of
colligare to collect; co- + ligare to bind.]
1. To tie or bind together.
The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows.
--Nicholson.
2. (Logic) To bring together by colligation; to sum up in a
single proposition.
He had discovered and colligated a multitude of the
most wonderful . . . phenomena. --Tundall.
Colligate \Col"li*gate\, a.
Bound together.
Colligation \Col`li*ga"tion\, n. [L. colligatio.]
1. A binding together. --Sir T. Browne.
2. (Logic) That process by which a number of isolated facts
are brought under one conception, or summed up in a
general proposition, as when Kepler discovered that the
various observed positions of the planet Mars were points
in an ellipse. ``The colligation of facts.'' --Whewell.
Colligation is not always induction, but induction
is always colligation. --J. S. Mill.
Collimate \Col"li*mate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Collimated}; p. p.
& vb. n. {Collimating}.] [See {Collimation}.] (Physics &
Astron.)
To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring
into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to
render parallel, as rays of light.
{Collimating eyepiece}, an eyepiece with a diagonal reflector
for illumination, used to determine the error of
collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image
of a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its
position in the field with that of the same wire seen
directly.
{Collimating lens} (Optics), a lens used for producing
parallel rays of light.
Collimation \Col`li*ma"tion\, n. [Cf. F. collimation, fr. a
false reading (collimare) for L. collineare to direct in a
straight line; col- + linea line. Cf. {Collineation}.]
The act of collimating; the adjustment of the line of the
sights, as the axial line of the telescope of an instrument,
into its proper position relative to the other parts of the
instrument.
{Error of collimation}, the deviation of the line collimation
of an astronomical instrument from the position it ought
to have with respect to the axis of motion of the
instrument.
{Line of collimation}, the axial line of the telescope of an
astronomical or geodetic instrument, or the line which
passes through the optical center of the object glass and
the intersection of the cross wires at its focus.
Collimator \Col"li*ma`tor\, n.
1. (Astron.) A telescope arranged and used to determine
errors of collimation, both vertical and horizontal.
--Nichol.
2. (Optics) A tube having a convex lens at one end and at the
other a small opening or slit which is at the principal
focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of parallel
rays; also, a lens so used.
Collin \Col"lin\, n. [Gr. ko`lla glue.]
A very pure form of gelatin.
Colline \Col"line\, n. [F. colline, fr. L. collis a hill.]
A small hill or mount. [Obs.]
And watered park, full of fine collines and ponds.
--Evelyn.
Collineation \Col*lin`e*a"tion\, n. [L. collineare to direct in
a straight line. See {Collimation}.]
The act of aiming at, or directing in a line with, a fixed
object. [R.] --Johnson.
Colling \Coll"ing\, n. [From {Coll}, v. t.]
An embrace; dalliance. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
Collingly \Coll"ing*ly\, adv.
With embraces. [Obs.] --Gascoigne.
Collingual \Col*lin"gual\, a.
Having, or pertaining to, the same language.
Colliquable \Col*liq"ua*ble\, a.
Liable to melt, grow soft, or become fluid. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Colliquament \Col*liq"ua*ment\, n.
The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. --Dr. H.
More.
Colliquate \Col"li*quate\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p.
{Colliquated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Colliquating}.] [Pref. col- +
L. liquare, liquatum, to melt.]
To change from solid to fluid; to make or become liquid; to
melt. [Obs.]
The ore of it is colliquated by the violence of the
fire. --Boyle.
[Ice] will colliquate in water or warm oil. --Sir T.
Browne.
Colliquation \Col`li*qua"tion\, n.
1. A melting together; the act of melting; fusion.
When sand and ashes are well melted together and
suffered to cool, there is generated, by the
colliquation, that sort of concretion we call
``glass''. --Boyle.
2. (Med.) A processive wasting or melting away of the solid
parts of the animal system with copious excretions of
liquids by one or more passages. [Obs.]
Colliquative \Col*liq"ua*tive\, a.
Causing rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; as, colliquative
sweats.
Colliquefaction \Col*liq`ue*fac"tion\, n. [L. colliquefactus
melted; col- + liquefacere; liqu[=e]re to be liquid + facere
to make.]
A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into
one mass by fusion.
The incorporation of metals by simple colliquefaction.
--Bacon.
Collish \Col"lish\, n. (Shoemaking)
A tool to polish the edge of a sole. --Knight.
Collision \Col*li"sion\, n. [L. collisio, fr. collidere. See
{Collide}.]
1. The act of striking together; a striking together, as of
two hard bodies; a violent meeting, as of railroad trains;
a clashing.
2. A state of opposition; antagonism; interference.
The collision of contrary false principles. --Bp.
Warburton.
Sensitive to the most trifling collisions. --W.
Irving.
Syn: Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.
Collisive \Col*li"sive\, a.
Colliding; clashing. [Obs.]
Collitigant \Col*lit"i*gant\, a.
Disputing or wrangling. [Obs.] -- n. One who litigates or
wrangles. [Obs.]
Collocate \Col"lo*cate\, a. [L. collocatus, p. p. of collocare.
See {Couch}.]
Set; placed. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Collocate \Col"lo*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Collocated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Collocating}.]
To set or place; to set; to station.
To marshal and collocate in order his battalions. --E.
Hall.
Collocation \Col`lo*ca"tion\, n. [L. collocatio.]
The act of placing; the state of being placed with something
else; disposition in place; arrangement.
The choice and collocation of words. --Sir W.
Jones.
Collocution \Col`lo*cu"tion\, n. [L. collocutio, fr. colloqui,
-locutum, to converse; col- + loqui to speak. See
{Loquacious}.]
A speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual
discourse. --Bailey.
Collocutor \Col"lo*cu`tor\, n. [L. collocutor]
One of the speakers in a dialogue. --Derham.
Collodion \Col*lo"di*on\, n. [Gr. ? like glue; ko`lla glue + ?
form. Cf. {Colloid}.] (Chem.)
A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton) in ether
containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It is strongly
adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a coating for wounds;
but its chief application is as a vehicle for the sensitive
film in photography.
{Collodion process} (Photog.), a process in which a film of
sensitized collodion is used in preparing the plate for
taking a picture.
{Styptic collodion}, collodion containing an astringent, as
tannin.
Collodionize \Col*lo"di*on*ize\, v. t.
To prepare or treat with collodion. --R. Hunt.
Collodiotype \Col*lo"di*o*type\, n.
A picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or
ambrotype.
Collodium \Col*lo"di*um\, n.
See {Collodion}.
Collogue \Col*logue"\, v. i. [Cf. L. colloqui and E. dialogue.
Cf. {Collocution}.]
To talk or confer secretly and confidentially; to converse,
especially with evil intentions; to plot mischief. [Archaic
or Colloq.]
Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter, Collogue
with her again, and all shall be well. --Greene.
He had been colloguing with my wife. --Thackeray.
Colloid \Col"loid\, a. [Gr. ko`lla glue + -oid. Cf.
{Collodion}.]
Resembling glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike
appearance; gelatinous; as, colloid tumors.
Colloid \Col"loid\, n.
1. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance (as albumin, gum, gelatin,
etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline
nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes
or vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do;
-- opposed to crystalloid.
2. (Med.) A gelatinous substance found in colloid
degeneration and colloid cancer.
{Styptic colloid} (Med.), a preparation of astringent and
antiseptic substances with some colloid material, as
collodion, for ready use.
Colloidal \Col*loid"al\, a.
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, colloids.
Colloidality \Col`loi*dal"i*ty\, n.
The state or quality of being colloidal.
Collop \Col"lop\, n. [Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. colp blow,
stroke, piece, F. coup, fr. L. colophus buffet, cuff, Gr. ?]
[Written also {colp}.]
1. A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.
God knows thou art a collop of my flesh. --Shak.
Sweetbread and collops were with skewers pricked.
--Dryden.
2. A part or piece of anything; a portion.
Cut two good collops out of the crown land.
--Fuller.
Colloped \Col"loped\, a.
Having ridges or bunches of flesh, like collops.
With that red, gaunt, and colloped neck astrain. --R.
Browning.
Collophore \Col"lo*phore\, n. [Gr. ko`lla glue + ? to bear.]
(Zo["o]l.)
(a) A suckerlike organ at the base of the abdomen of insects
belonging to the Collembola.
(b) An adhesive marginal organ of the Lucernariae.
Colloquial \Col*lo"qui*al\, a. [See {Colloqui}.]
Pertaining to, or used in, conversation, esp. common and
familiar conversation; conversational; hence, unstudied;
informal; as, colloquial intercourse; colloquial phrases; a
colloquial style. -- {Col*lo"qui*al*ly}, adv.
His [Johnson's] colloquial talents were, indeed, of the
highest order. --Macaulay.
Colloquialism \Col*lo"qui*al*ism\, n.
A colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or
writing.
Colloquialize \Col*lo"qui*al*ize\, v. t.
To make colloquial and familiar; as, to colloquialize one's
style of writing.
Colloquist \Col"lo*quist\, n.
A speaker in a colloquy or dialogue. --Malone.
Colloquy \Col"lo*quy\, n.; pl. {Colloquies}. [L. colloquium. See
{Collocution}.]
1. Mutual discourse of two or more persons; conference;
conversation.
They went to Worms, to the colloquy there about
religion. --A. Wood.
2. In some American colleges, a part in exhibitions, assigned
for a certain scholarship rank; a designation of rank in
collegiate scholarship.
Collow \Col"low\, n.
Soot; smut. See 1st {Colly}. [Obs.]
Colluctancy \Col*luc"tan*cy\, n. [L. colluctari to struggle
with.]
A struggling to resist; a striving against; resistance;
opposition of nature. [Obs.]
Colluctation \Col`luc*ta"tion\, n. [L. colluctatio, fr.
colluctari to struggle with; col- + luctari to struggle.]
A struggling; a contention. [Obs.]
Colluctation with old hags and hobgoblins. --Dr. H.
More.
Collude \Col*lude"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Colluded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Colluding}.] [L. colludere, -lusum; col- + ludere to
play. See {Ludicrous}.]
To have secretly a joint part or share in an action; to play
into each other's hands; to conspire; to act in concert.
If they let things take their course, they will be
represented as colluding with sedition. --Burke.
Colluder \Col*lud"er\, n.
One who conspires in a fraud.
Collum \Col"lum\, n.; pl. {Colla}. [L., neck.]
1. (Anat.) A neck or cervix. --Dunglison.
2. (Bot.) Same as {Collar}. --Gray.
Collusion \Col*lu"sion\, n. [L. collusio: cf. F. collusion. See
{Collude}.]
1. A secret agreement and cooperation for a fraudulent or
deceitful purpose; a playing into each other's hands;
deceit; fraud; cunning.
The foxe, maister of collusion. --Spenser.
That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face
of the world, that there may be no room to suspect
artifice and collusion. --Atterbury.
By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of
the weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware was
bad and the price excessive. --Swift.
2. (Law) An agreement between two or more persons to defraud
a person of his rights, by the forms of law, or to obtain
an object forbidden by law. --Bouvier. Abbott.
Syn: {Collusion}, {Connivance}.
Usage: A person who is guilty of connivance intentionally
overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to
prevent. A person who is guilty of collusion unites
with others (playing into their hands) for fraudulent
purposes.
Collusive \Col*lu"sive\, a.
1. Characterized by collusion; done or planned in collusion.
``Collusive and sophistical arguings.'' --J. Trapp.
``Collusive divorces.'' --Strype.
2. Acting in collusion. ``Collusive parties.'' --Burke. --
{Col*lu"sive*ly}, adv. -- {Col*lu"sive*ness}, n.
Collusory \Col*lu"so*ry\, a. [L. collusorius.]
Collusive.
Collutory \Col"lu*to*ry\, n. [L. colluere, collutum, to wash.]
(Med.)
A medicated wash for the mouth.
Colly \Col"ly\, n. [From {Coal}.]
The black grime or soot of coal. [Obs.] --Burton.
Colly \Col"ly\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Collied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Collying}.]
To render black or dark, as of with coal smut; to begrime.
[Archaic.]
Thou hast not collied thy face enough. --B. Jonson.
Brief as the lighting in the collied night. --Shak.
Colly \Col"ly\, n.
A kind of dog. See {Collie}.
Collybist \Col"ly*bist\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? a small coin.]
A money changer. [Obs.]
In the face of these guilty collybists. --Bp. Hall.
Collyrium \Col*lyr"i*um\, n.; pl. E. {Collyriums}, L.
{Collyria}. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] (Med.)
An application to the eye, usually an eyewater.
Colocolo \Col`o*co"lo\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A South American wild cat ({Felis colocolo}), of the size of
the ocelot.
Colocynth \Col"ocynth\, n. [L. colocynthis, Gr. ?. Cf.
{Coloquintida}.] (Med.)
The light spongy pulp of the fruit of the bitter cucumber
({Citrullus, or Cucumis, colocynthis}), an Asiatic plant
allied to the watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in white
balls, is intensely bitter, and a powerful cathartic. Called
also {bitter apple}, {bitter cucumber}, {bitter gourd}.
Colocynthin \Col`o*cyn"thin\, n. [Cf. F. colocynthine.] (Chem.)
The active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter,
yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside.
Cologne \Co*logne"\, n. [Originally made in Cologne, the French
name of K["o]ln, a city in Germany.]
A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic
oils, used in the toilet; -- called also {cologne water} and
{eau de cologne}.
Cologne earth \Co*logne" earth`\ [From Cologne the city.] (Min.)
An earth of a deep brown color, containing more vegetable
than mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite, or brown
coal.
Colombier \Col"om*bier\, n. [F.]
A large size of paper for drawings. See under {Paper}.
Colombin \Co*lom"bin\, n. (Chem.)
See {Calumbin}.
Colombo \Co*lom"bo\, n. (Med.)
See {Calumba}.
Colon \Co"lon\, n. [L. colon, colum, limb, member, the largest
of the intestines, fr. Gr. ?, and in sense of the intestine,
?: cf. F. colon. Cf. {Colic}.]
1. (Anat.) That part of the large intestines which extends
from the c[ae]cum to the rectum.
Note: [See Illust of {Digestion}.]
2. (Gram.) A point or character, formed thus [:], used to
separate parts of a sentence that are complete in
themselves and nearly independent, often taking the place
of a conjunction.
Colonel \Colo"nel\, n. [F. colonel, It. colonello, prop., the
chief or commander of a column, fr. colonna column, L.
columna. See {Column}.] (Mil.)
The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next
above a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier
general.
Colonelcy \Colo"nel*cy\, n. (Mil.)
The office, rank, or commission of a colonel.
Colonelship \Colo"nel*ship\, n.
Colonelcy. --Swift.
Coloner \Col"o*ner\, n.
A colonist. [Obs.] --Holland
Colonial \Co*lo"ni*al\, a. [Cf. F. colonial.]
Of or pertaining to a colony; as, colonial rights, traffic,
wars.
Colonical \Co*lon"i*cal\, a. [L. colonus husbandman.]
Of or pertaining to husbandmen. [Obs.]
Colonist \Col"o*nist\, n.
A member or inhabitant of a colony.
Colonitis \Col`o*ni"tis\, n. (Med.)
See {Colitis}.
Colonization \Col`o*ni*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. colonisation.]
The act of colonizing, or the state of being colonized; the
formation of a colony or colonies.
The wide continent of America invited colonization.
--Bancroft.
Colonizationist \Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist\, n.
A friend to colonization, esp. (U. S. Hist) to the
colonization of Africa by emigrants from the colored
population of the United States.
Colonize \Col"o*nize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Colonized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Colonizing}.] [Cf. F. coloniser.]
To plant or establish a colony or colonies in; to people with
colonists; to migrate to and settle in. --Bacon.
They that would thus colonize the stars with
inhabitants. --Howell.
Colonize \Col"o*nize\, v. i.
To remove to, and settle in, a distant country; to make a
colony. --C. Buchanan.
Colonizer \Col"o*ni`zer\, n.
One who promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist.
--Bancroft.
Colonnade \Col`on*nade"\, n. [F. colonnade, It. colonnata, fr.
colonna column. See {Colonel}.] (Arch.)
A series or range of columns placed at regular intervals with
all the adjuncts, as entablature, stylobate, roof, etc.
Note: When in front of a building, it is called a portico;
when surrounding a building or an open court or square,
a peristyle.
Colony \Col"o*ny\, n.; pl. {Colonies}. [L. colonia, fr. colonus
farmer, fr. colere to cultivate, dwell: cf. F. colonie. Cf.
{Culture}.]
1. A company of people transplanted from their mother country
to a remote province or country, and remaining subject to
the jurisdiction of the parent state; as, the British
colonies in America.
The first settlers of New England were the best of
Englishmen, well educated, devout Christians, and
zealous lovers of liberty. There was never a colony
formed of better materials. --Ames.
2. The district or country colonized; a settlement.
3. A company of persons from the same country sojourning in a
foreign city or land; as, the American colony in Paris.
4. (Nat. Hist.) A number of animals or plants living or
growing together, beyond their usual range.
Colophany \Col"o*pha`ny\ (? or ?), n.
See {Colophony}.
Colophene \Co"lo*phene\ (? or ?), n. (Chem.)
A colorless, oily liquid, formerly obtained by distillation
of colophony. It is regarded as a polymeric form of
terebenthene. Called also {diterebene}.
Colophon \Col"o*phon\ (k[o^]l"[-o]*f[o^]n), n. [L. colophon
finishing stroke, Gr. kolofw`n; cf. L. culmen top, collis
hill. Cf. {Holm}.]
An inscription, monogram, or cipher, containing the place and
date of publication, printer's name, etc., formerly placed on
the last page of a book.
The colophon, or final description, fell into disuse,
and . . . the title page had become the principal
direct means of identifying the book. --De Morgan.
The book was uninjured from title page to colophon.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Colophonite \Col"o*pho*nite\ (k[o^]l"[-o]*f[-o]*n[imac]t or
k[-o]*l[o^]f"[-o]*n[imac]t), n. [Cf. F. colophonite. So named
from its resemblance to the color of colophony.] (Min.)
A coarsely granular variety of garnet.
Colophony \Col"o*pho`ny\ (k[o^]l"[-o]*f[=o]*n[y^] or
k[-o]*l[o^]f"[-o]*n[y^]; 277), n. [Gr. 'h kolofwni`a (sc.
"rhti`nh resin, gum) resin, fr. Kolofw`nios of or from
Colophon in Ionia.]
Rosin.
Coloquintida \Col`o*quin"ti*da\, n.
See {Colocynth}. --Shak.
Color \Col"or\, n. [Written also {colour}.] [OF. color, colur,
colour, F. couleur, L. color; prob. akin to celare to conceal
(the color taken as that which covers). See {Helmet}.]
1. A property depending on the relations of light to the eye,
by which individual and specific differences in the hues
and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay
colors; sad colors, etc.
Note: The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar function
of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which
rays of light produce different effects according to
the length of their waves or undulations, waves of a
certain length producing the sensation of red, shorter
waves green, and those still shorter blue, etc. White,
or ordinary, light consists of waves of various lengths
so blended as to produce no effect of color, and the
color of objects depends upon their power to absorb or
reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays which
fall upon them.
2. Any hue distinguished from white or black.
3. The hue or color characteristic of good health and
spirits; ruddy complexion.
Give color to my pale cheek. --Shak.
4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a pigment; as,
oil colors or water colors.
5. That which covers or hides the real character of anything;
semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance.
They had let down the boat into the sea, under color
as though they would have cast anchors out of the
foreship. --Acts xxvii.
30.
That he should die is worthy policy; But yet we want
a color for his death. --Shak.
6. Shade or variety of character; kind; species.
Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this
color. --Shak.
7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar symbol
(usually in the plural); as, the colors or color of a ship
or regiment; the colors of a race horse (that is, of the
cap and jacket worn by the jockey).
In the United States each regiment of infantry and
artillery has two colors, one national and one
regimental. --Farrow.
8. (Law) An apparent right; as where the defendant in
trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of title, by
stating his title specially, thus removing the cause from
the jury to the court. --Blackstone.
Note: Color is express when it is averred in the pleading,
and implied when it is implied in the pleading.
{Body color}. See under {Body}.
{Color blindness}, total or partial inability to distinguish
or recognize colors. See {Daltonism}.
{Complementary color}, one of two colors so related to each
other that when blended together they produce white light;
-- so called because each color makes up to the other what
it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors,
when mixed, produce effects differing from those of the
primary colors, in consequence of partial absorption.
{Of color} (as persons, races, etc.), not of the white race;
-- commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro
blood, pure or mixed.
{Primary colors}, those developed from the solar beam by the
prism, viz., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and
violet, which are reduced by some authors to three, --
red, green, and violet-blue. These three are sometimes
called {fundamental colors}.
{Subjective} or {Accidental color}, a false or spurious color
seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of the
luminous impression upon the retina, and a gradual change
of its character, as where a wheel perfectly white, and
with a circumference regularly subdivided, is made to
revolve rapidly over a dark object, the teeth of the wheel
appear to the eye of different shades of color varying
with the rapidity of rotation. See {Accidental colors},
under {Accidental}.
Color \Col"or\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Colored}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Coloring}.] [F. colorer.]
1. To change or alter the hue or tint of, by dyeing,
staining, painting, etc.; to dye; to tinge; to paint; to
stain.
The rays, to speak properly, are not colored; in
them there is nothing else than a certain power and
disposition to stir up a sensation of this or that
color. --Sir I.
Newton.
2. To change or alter, as if by dyeing or painting; to give a
false appearance to; usually, to give a specious
appearance to; to cause to appear attractive; to make
plausible; to palliate or excuse; as, the facts were
colored by his prejudices.
He colors the falsehood of [AE]neas by an express
command from Jupiter to forsake the queen. --Dryden.
3. To hide. [Obs.]
That by his fellowship he color might Both his
estate and love from skill of any wight. --Spenser.
Color \Col"or\, v. i.
To acquire color; to turn red, especially in the face; to
blush.
Colorable \Col"or*a*ble\, a.
Specious; plausible; having an appearance of right or
justice. ``Colorable pretense for infidelity.'' --Bp.
Stillingfleet. -- {Col"or*a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Col"or*a*bly},
adv.
Colorable and subtle crimes, that seldom are taken
within the walk of human justice. --Hooker.
Colorado beetle \Col`o*ra"do bee"tle\ (Zo["o]l.)
A yellowish beetle ({Doryphora decemlineata}), with ten
longitudinal, black, dorsal stripes. It has migrated
eastwards from its original habitat in Colorado, and is very
destructive to the potato plant; -- called also {potato
beetle} and {potato bug}. See {Potato beetle}.
Colorado group \Col`o*ra"do group\ (Geol.)
A subdivision of the cretaceous formation of western North
America, especially developed in Colorado and the upper
Missouri region.
Coloradoite \Col`o*ra"do*ite\, n. (Min.)
Mercury telluride, an iron-black metallic mineral, found in
Colorado.
Colorate \Col"or*ate\, a. [L. coloratus, p. p. of colorare to
color.]
Colored. [Obs.] --Ray.
Coloration \Col`or*a"tion\, n.
The act or art of coloring; the state of being colored.
--Bacon.
The females . . . resemble each other in their general
type of coloration. --Darwin.
Colorature \Col"or*a*ture\ (?; 135), n. [Cf. G. coloratur, fr.
LL. coloratura.] (Mus.)
Vocal music colored, as it were, by florid ornaments, runs,
or rapid passages.
Color-blind \Col"or-blind\, a.
Affected with color blindness. See {Color blindness}, under
{Color}, n.
Colored \Col"ored\, a.
1. Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.
The lime rod, colored as the glede. --Chaucer.
The colored rainbow arched wide. --Spenser.
2. Specious; plausible; adorned so as to appear well; as, a
highly colored description. --Sir G. C. Lewis.
His colored crime with craft to cloke. --Spenser.
3. Of some other color than black or white.
4. (Ethnol.) Of some other color than white; specifically
applied to negroes or persons having negro blood; as, a
colored man; the colored people.
5. (Bot.) Of some other color than green.
Colored, meaning, as applied to foliage, of some
other color than green. --Gray.
Note: In botany, green is not regarded as a color, but white
is. --Wood.
Colorific \Col`or*if"ic\ (?; 277), a. [L. color color + facere
to make: cf. F. colorifique.]
Capable of communicating color or tint to other bodies.
Colorimeter \Col`or*im"e*ter\, n. [Color + -meter: cf. F.
colorim[`e]tre.]
An instrument for measuring the depth of the color of
anything, especially of a liquid, by comparison with a
standard liquid.
Coloring \Col"or*ing\, n.
1. The act of applying color to; also, that which produces
color.
2. Change of appearance as by addition of color; appearance;
show; disguise; misrepresentation.
Tell the whole story without coloring or gloss.
--Compton
Reade.
{Dead coloring}. See under {Dead}.
Colorist \Col"or*ist\, n. [Cf. F. coloriste.]
One who colors; an artist who excels in the use of colors;
one to whom coloring is of prime importance.
Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest of the
good colorists. --Dryden.
Colorless \Col"or*less\, a.
1. Without color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent;
as, colorless water.
2. Free from any manifestation of partial or peculiar
sentiment or feeling; not disclosing likes, dislikes,
prejudice, etc.; as, colorless music; a colorless style;
definitions should be colorless.
Colorman \Col"or*man\, n.; pl. {Colormen}.
A vender of paints, etc. --Simmonds.
Color sergeant \Col"or ser"geant\
See under {Sergeant}.
Colossal \Co*los"sal\, a. [Cf. F. colossal, L. colosseus. See
{Colossus}.]
1. Of enormous size; gigantic; huge; as, a colossal statue.
``A colossal stride.'' --Motley.
2. (Sculpture & Painting) Of a size larger than heroic. See
{Heroic}.
Colossean \Col`os*se"an\, a.
Colossal. [R.]
Colosseum \Col`os*se"um\, n. [Neut., fr. L. colosseus gigantic.
See {Coliseum}.]
The amphitheater of Vespasian in Rome. [Also written
{Coliseum}.]
Colossus \Co*los"sus\, n.; pl. L. {Colossi}, E. {Colossuses}.
[L., fr. Gr. ?.]
1. A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied
to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of
Nero in Rome, the Colossus of Apollo at Rhodes.
He doth bestride the narrow world Like a colossus.
--Shak.
Note: There is no authority for the statement that the legs
of the Colossus at Rhodes extended over the mouth of
the harbor. --Dr. Wm. Smith.
2. Any man or beast of gigantic size.
Colostrum \Co*los"trum\, n. [L., biestings.] (Med.)
(a) The first milk secreted after delivery; biestings.
(b) A mixture of turpentine and the yolk of an egg,
formerly used as an emulsion.
Colotomy \Co*lot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? colon + ? cutting.] (Surg.)
An operation for opening the colon
Colour \Col"our\, n.
See {Color}.
Colp \Colp\, n.
See {Collop}.
Colportage \Col"por`tage\, n. [F.]
The distribution of religious books, tracts, etc., by
colporteurs.
Colporter \Col"por`ter\, n.
Same as {Colporteur}.
Colporteur \Col"por`teur\ (?; 277), n. [F. colporteur one who
carries on his neck, fr. colporter to carry on one's neck;
col (L. collum) neck + porter (L. portare) to carry.]
A hawker; specifically, one who travels about selling and
distributing religious tracts and books.
Colstaff \Col"staff`\, n. [F. col neck + E. staff. Cf. {Coll}.]
A staff by means of which a burden is borne by two persons on
their shoulders.
Colt \Colt\ (?; 110), n. [OE. colt a young horse, ass, or camel,
AS. colt; cf. dial. Sw. kullt a boy, lad.]
1. The young of the equine genus or horse kind of animals; --
sometimes distinctively applied to the male, filly being
the female. Cf. {Foal}.
Note: In sporting circles it is usual to reckon the age of
colts from some arbitrary date, as from January 1, or
May 1, next preceding the birth of the animal.
2. A young, foolish fellow. --Shak.
3. A short knotted rope formerly used as an instrument of
punishment in the navy. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
{Colt's tooth}, an imperfect or superfluous tooth in young
horses.
{To cast one's colt's tooth}, to cease from youthful
wantonness. ``Your colt's tooth is not cast yet.'' --Shak.
{To have a colt's tooth}, to be wanton. --Chaucer.
Colt \Colt\ (?; 110), v. i.
To frisk or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or
wantonly. [Obs.]
They shook off their bridles and began to colt.
--Spenser.
Colt \Colt\, v. t.
1. To horse; to get with young. --Shak.
2. To befool. [Obs.] --Shak.
Colter \Col"ter\, n. [AS. culter, fr. L. culter plowshare,
knife. Cf. {Cutlass}.]
A knife or cutter, attached to the beam of a plow to cut the
sward, in advance of the plowshare and moldboard. [Written
also {coulter}.]
Coltish \Colt"ish\, a.
Like a colt; wanton; frisky.
He was all coltish, full of ragery. --Chaucer.
-- {Colt"ish*ly}, adv. -- {Colt"ish*ness}, n.
Coltsfoot \Colts"foot`\, n. (Bot.)
A perennial herb ({Tussilago Farfara}), whose leaves and
rootstock are sometimes employed in medicine.
{Butterbur coltsfoot} (Bot.), a European plant ({Petasites
vulgaris}).
Colt's tooth \Colt's" tooth`\
See under {Colt}.
Coluber \Col"u*ber\, n. [L., a serpent.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of harmless serpents.
Note: Linn[ae]us placed in this genus all serpents, whether
venomous or not, whose scales beneath the tail are
arranged in pairs; but by modern writers it is greatly
restricted.
Colubrine \Col"u*brine\, a. [L. colubrinus.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) like or related to snakes of the genus Coluber.
2. Like a snake; cunning; crafty. --Johnson.
Colugo \Co*lu"go\, n. [Prob. an aboriginal name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A peculiar East Indian mammal ({Galleopithecus volans}),
having along the sides, connecting the fore and hind limbs, a
parachutelike membrane, by means of which it is able to make
long leaps, like the flying squirrel; -- called also {flying
lemur}.
Columba \Co*lum"ba\, n. (Med.)
See {Calumba}.
Columbae \Co*lum"b[ae]\, n. pl.; [L. columba pigeon.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of birds, including the pigeons.
Columbarium \Col`um*ba"ri*um\, n.; pl. L. {Columbaria} [L. See
{Columbary}.] (Rom. Antiq.)
(a) A dovecote or pigeon house.
(b) A sepulchral chamber with niches for holding cinerary
urns.
Columbary \Col"um*ba*ry\, n.; pl. {Columbaries}. [L.
columbarium, fr. columba a dove.]
A dovecote; a pigeon house. --Sir T. Browne.
Columbate \Co*lum"bate\, n. [Cf. F. colombate. See {Columbium}.]
(Chem.)
A salt of columbic acid; a niobate. See {Columbium}.
Columbatz fly \Co*lum"batz fly`\ [From Kolumbatz, a mountain in
Germany.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Buffalo fly}, under {Buffalo}.
Columbella \Col`um*bel"la\, n. [NL., dim. of L. columba a dove.
So called from a fancied resemblance in color and form, of
some species.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of univalve shells, abundant in tropical seas. Some
species, as {Columbella mercatoria}, were formerly used as
shell money.
Columbia \Co*lum"bi*a\, n.
America; the United States; -- a poetical appellation given
in honor of Columbus, the discoverer. --Dr. T. Dwight.
Columbiad \Co*lum"bi*ad\, n. [From Columbia the United States.]
(Mil.)
A form of seacoast cannon; a long, chambered gun designed for
throwing shot or shells with heavy charges of powder, at high
angles of elevation.
Note: Since the War of 1812 the Columbiad has been much
modified, especially by General Rodman, and the
improved form now used in seacoast defense is often
called the {Rodman gun}.
Columbian \Co*lum"bi*an\, a. [From {Columbia}.]
Of or pertaining to the United States, or to America.
Columbic \Co*lum"bic\, a. [From {Columbium}.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, columbium or niobium; niobic.
{Columbic acid} (Chem.), a weak acid derived from columbic or
niobic oxide, {Nb2O5}; -- called also {niobic acid}.
Columbic \Co*lum"bic\, a. [From {Columbo}.]
Pertaining to, or derived from, the columbo root.
{Columbic acid} (Chem.), an organic acid extracted from the
columbo root as a bitter, yellow, amorphous substance.
Columbier \Co*lum"bi*er\, n.
See {Colombier}.
Columbiferous \Col"um*bif"er*ous\, a. [Columbium + -ferous.]
Producing or containing columbium.
Columbin \Co*lum"bin\, n. (Chem.)
A white, crystalline, bitter substance. See {Calumbin}.
Columbine \Col"um*bine\, a. [L. columbinus, fr. columba dove.]
Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored.
``Columbine innocency.'' --Bacon.
Columbine \Col"um*bine\, n. [LL. columbina, L. columbinus
dovelike, fr. columba dove: cf. F. colombine. Perh. so called
from the beaklike spurs of its flowers.]
1. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus
{Aquilegia}; as, {A. vulgaris}, or the common garden
columbine; {A. Canadensis}, the wild red columbine of
North America.
2. The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in pantomimes.
--Brewer.
Columbite \Co*lum"bite\, n. [Cf. F. colombite. See {Columbium}.]
(Min.)
A mineral of a black color, submetallic luster, and high
specific specific gravity. It is a niobate (or columbate) of
iron and manganese, containing tantalate of iron; -- first
found in New England.
Columbium \Co*lum"bi*um\, n. [NL., fr. Columbia America.]
(Chem.)
A rare element of the vanadium group, first found in a
variety of the mineral columbite occurring in Connecticut,
probably at Haddam. Atomic weight 94.2. Symbol Cb or Nb. Now
more commonly called {niobium}.
Columbo \Co*lum"bo\, n. (Med.)
See {Calumba}.
Columella \Col`u*mel"la\, n. [L., dim. of columen column. See
{Column}.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) An axis to which a carpel of a compound pistil may be
attached, as in the case of the geranium; or which is
left when a pod opens.
(b) A columnlike axis in the capsules of mosses.
2. (Anat.) A term applied to various columnlike parts; as,
the columella, or epipterygoid bone, in the skull of many
lizards; the columella of the ear, the bony or
cartilaginous rod connecting the tympanic membrane with
the internal ear.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The upright pillar in the axis of most univalve
shells.
(b) The central pillar or axis of the calicles of certain
corals.
Columelliform \Col`u*mel"li*form\, a. [Columella + -form.]
Shaped like a little column, or columella.
Column \Col"umn\, n. [L. columna, fr. columen, culmen, fr.
cellere (used only in comp.), akin to E. excel, and prob. to
holm. See {Holm}, and cf. {Colonel}.]
1. (Arch.) A kind of pillar; a cylindrical or polygonal
support for a roof, ceiling, statue, etc., somewhat
ornamented, and usually composed of base, shaft, and
capital. See {Order}.
2. Anything resembling, in form or position, a column in
architecture; an upright body or mass; a shaft or obelisk;
as, a column of air, of water, of mercury, etc.; the
Column Vend[^o]me; the spinal column.
3. (Mil.)
(a) A body of troops formed in ranks, one behind the
other; -- contradistinguished from {line}. Compare
{Ploy}, and {Deploy}.
(b) A small army.
4. (Naut.) A number of ships so arranged as to follow one
another in single or double file or in squadrons; -- in
distinction from ``line'', where they are side by side.
5. (Print.) A perpendicular set of lines, not extending
across the page, and separated from other matter by a rule
or blank space; as, a column in a newspaper.
6. (Arith.) A perpendicular line of figures.
7. (Bot.) The body formed by the union of the stamens in the
Mallow family, or of the stamens and pistil in the
orchids.
{Attached column}. See under {Attach}, v. t.
{Clustered column}. See under {Cluster}, v. t.
{Column rule}, a thin strip of brass separating columns of
type in the form, and making a line between them in
printing.
Columnar \Co*lum"*nar\, a. [L. columnaris, fr. columna.]
Formed in columns; having the form of a column or columns;
like the shaft of a column.
{Columnar epithelium} (Anat.), epithelium in which the cells
are prismatic in form, and set upright on the surface they
cover.
{Columnar structure} (Geol.), a structure consisting of more
or less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes
with eight or more sides. The columns are often fractured
transversely, with a cup joint, showing a concave surface
above. This structure is characteristic of certain igneous
rocks, as basalt, and is due to contraction in cooling.
Columnarity \Col`um*nar"i*ty\, n.
The state or quality of being columnar.
Columnated \Co*lum"na*ted\, a.
Having columns; as, columnated temples.
Columned \Col"umned\, a.
Having columns.
Troas and Ilion's columned citadel. --Tennyson.
Columniation \Co*lum`ni*a"tion\, n.
The employment or arrangement of columns in a structure.
--Gwilt.
Colure \Co*lure"\, n.; pl. {Colures}. [F. colure, L. coluri,
pl., fr. Gr. ko`loyros dock-tailed, a"i ko`loyroi (sc.
grammai` lines) the colures; fr. ko`los docked, stunted +
o'yra` tail. So named because a part is always beneath the
horizon.] (Astron. & Geog.)
One of two great circles intersecting at right angles in the
poles of the equator. One of them passes through the
equinoctial points, and hence is denominated the equinoctial
colure; the other intersects the equator at the distance of
90[deg] from the former, and is called the solstitial colure.
Thrice the equinoctial line He circled; four times
crossed the car of night From pole to pole, traversing
each colure. --Milton.
Coly \Co"ly\, n.; pl. {Colies}. [NL. colius, prob. fr. Gr. ? a
kind of woodpecker.]
Any bird of the genus {Colius} and allied genera. They
inhabit Africa.
Colza \Col"za\, n. [F., fr. D. koolzaad, prop., cabbage seed;
kool (akin to E. cole) + zaad, akin to E. seed.] (Bot.)
A variety of cabbage ({Brassica oleracea}), cultivated for
its seeds, which yield an oil valued for illuminating and
lubricating purposes; summer rape.
Com- \Com-\
A prefix from the Latin preposition cum, signifying with,
together, in conjunction, very, etc. It is used in the form
com- before b, m, p, and sometimes f, and by assimilation
becomes col- before l, cor- before r, and con- before any
consonant except b, h, l, m, p, r, and w. Before a vowel com-
becomes co-; also before h, w, and sometimes before other
consonants.
Coma \Co"ma\ (k[=o]"m[.a]), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kw^ma lethargy, fr.
koima^n to put to sleep. See {Cemetery}.]
A state of profound insensibility from which it is difficult
or impossible to rouse a person. See {Carus}.
Coma \Co"ma\, n. [L., hair, fr. Gr. ko`mh.]
1. (Astron.) The envelope of a comet; a nebulous covering,
which surrounds the nucleus or body of a comet.
2. (Bot.) A tuft or bunch, -- as the assemblage of branches
forming the head of a tree; or a cluster of bracts when
empty and terminating the inflorescence of a plant; or a
tuft of long hairs on certain seeds.
{Coma Berenices}[L.] (Astron.), a small constellation north
of Virgo; -- called also {Berenice's Hair}.
Comanches \Co*man"ches\ (? or ?), n. pl.; sing. {Comanche} (? or
?). (Ethnol.)
A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of the Shoshone family
of Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the adjacent parts of the
United States; -- called also {Paducahs}. They are noted for
plundering and cruelty.
Comart \Co"mart`\, n.
A covenant. [Obs.] --Shak.
Comate \Co"mate\ (?; 277), a. [L. comatus, fr. comare to clothe
with hair, fr. coma hair.]
Encompassed with a coma, or bushy appearance, like hair;
hairy.
Co-mate \Co"-mate`\, n. [Pref. co- + mate.]
A companion. --Shak.
Comatose \Co"ma*tose`\ (? or ?; 277), a. [From {Coma} lethargy.]
Relating to, or resembling, coma; drowsy; lethargic; as,
comatose sleep; comatose fever.
Comatous \Co"ma*tous\, a.
Comatose.
Comatula \Co*mat"u*la\ (?; 135), n. [NL., fr. L. comatulus
having hair neatly curled, dim. fr. coma hair.] (Zo["o]l.)
A crinoid of the genus {Antedon} and related genera. When
young they are fixed by a stem. When adult they become
detached and cling to seaweeds, etc., by their dorsal cirri;
-- called also {feather stars}.
Comatulid \Co*mat"u*lid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any crinoid of the genus {Antedon} or allied genera.
Comb \Comb\ (?; 110), n. [AS. camb; akin to Sw., Dan., & D. kam,
Icel. kambr, G. kamm, Gr. ? a grinder tooth, Skr. jambha
tooth.]
1. An instrument with teeth, for straightening, cleansing,
and adjusting the hair, or for keeping it in place.
2. An instrument for currying hairy animals, or cleansing and
smoothing their coats; a currycomb.
3. (Manuf. & Mech.)
(a) A toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing
wool, flax, hair, etc.
(b) The serrated vibratory doffing knife of a carding
machine.
(c) A former, commonly cone-shaped, used in hat
manufacturing for hardening the soft fiber into a bat.
(d) A tool with teeth, used for chasing screws on work in
a lathe; a chaser.
(e) The notched scale of a wire micrometer.
(f) The collector of an electrical machine, usually
resembling a comb.
4. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The naked fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part
of the bill or hood of a cock or other bird. It is
usually red.
(b) One of a pair of peculiar organs on the base of the
abdomen of scorpions.
5. The curling crest of a wave.
6. The waxen framework forming the walls of the cells in
which bees store their honey, eggs, etc.; honeycomb. ``A
comb of honey.'' --Wyclif.
When the bee doth leave her comb. --Shak.
7. The thumbpiece of the hammer of a gunlock, by which it may
be cocked.
Comb \Comb\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Combed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Combing}.]
To disentangle, cleanse, or adjust, with a comb; to lay
smooth and straight with, or as with, a comb; as, to comb
hair or wool. See under {Combing}.
Comb down his hair; look, look! it stands upright.
--Shak.
Comb \Comb\, v. i. [See {Comb}, n., 5.] (Naut.)
To roll over, as the top or crest of a wave; to break with a
white foam, as waves.
Comb \Comb\, Combe \Combe\ (? or ?), n. [AS. comb, prob. of
Celtic origin; cf. W. cwm a dale, valley.]
That unwatered portion of a valley which forms its
continuation beyond and above the most elevated spring that
issues into it. [Written also {coombe}.] --Buckland.
A gradual rise the shelving combe Displayed. --Southey.
Comb \Comb\, n.
A dry measure. See {Coomb}.
Combat \Com"bat\ (? or ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Combated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Combating}.] [F. combattre; pref. com- +
battre to beat, fr. L. battuere to strike. See {Batter}.]
To struggle or contend, as with an opposing force; to fight.
To combat with a blind man I disdain. --Milton.
After the fall of the republic, the Romans combated
only for the choice of masters. --Gibbon.
Combat \Com"bat\, v. t.
To fight with; to oppose by force, argument, etc.; to contend
against; to resist.
When he the ambitious Norway combated. --Shak.
And combated in silence all these reasons. --Milton.
Minds combat minds, repelling and repelled.
--Goldsmith.
Syn: To fight against; resist; oppose; withstand; oppugn;
antagonize; repel; resent.
Combat \Com"bat\, n. [Cf. F. combat.]
1. A fight; a contest of violence; a struggle for supremacy.
My courage try by combat, if thou dar'st. --Shak.
The noble combat that 'twixt joy and sorrow was
fought in Paulina. --Shak.
2. (Mil.) An engagement of no great magnitude; or one in
which the parties engaged are not armies.
{Single combat}, one in which a single combatant meets a
single opponent, as in the case of David and Goliath;
also, a duel.
Syn: A battle; engagement; conflict; contest; contention;
struggle; fight, strife. See {Battle}, {Contest}.
Combatable \Com"bat*a*ble\ (? or ?), a. [Cf. F. combattable.]
Such as can be, or is liable to be, combated; as, combatable
foes, evils, or arguments.
Combatant \Com"bat*ant\, a. [F. combattant, p. pr.]
Contending; disposed to contend. --B. Jonson.
Combatant \Com"bat*ant\, n. [F. combattant.]
One who engages in combat. ``The mighty combatants.''
--Milton.
A controversy which long survived the original
combatants. --Macaulay
Combater \Com"bat*er\, n.
One who combats. --Sherwood.
Combative \Com"bat*ive\ (? or ?), a.
Disposed to engage in combat; pugnacious.
Combativeness \Com"bat*ive*ness\, n.
1. The quality of being combative; propensity to contend or
to quarrel.
2. (Phren.) A cranial development supposed to indicate a
combative disposition.
Combattant \Com`bat`tant"\, a. [F.] (Her.)
In the position of fighting; -- said of two lions set face to
face, each rampant.
Combbroach \Comb"broach`\, n.
A tooth of a wool comb. [Written also {combrouch}.]
Combe \Combe\ (? or ?), n.
See {Comb}.
Comber \Comb"er\, n.
1. One who combs; one whose occupation it is to comb wool,
flax, etc. Also, a machine for combing wool, flax, etc.
2. A long, curling wave.
Comber \Com"ber\, v. t.
To cumber. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Comber \Com"ber\, n.
Encumbrance. [Obs.]
Comber \Com"ber\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The cabrilla. Also, a name applied to a species of wrasse.
[Prov. Eng.]
Combinable \Com*bin"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. combinable.]
Capable of combining; consistent with. [R.] --M. Arnold. --
{Com*bin"a*ble*ness}, n.
Combinate \Com"bi*nate\, a. [LL. combinatus, p. p.]
United; joined; betrothed. [R.]
Combination \Com`bi*na"tion\, n. [LL. combinatio. See
{Combine}.]
1. The act or process of combining or uniting persons and
things.
Making new compounds by new combinations. --Boyle.
A solemn combination shall be made Of our dear
souls. --Shak.
2. The result of combining or uniting; union of persons or
things; esp. a union or alliance of persons or states to
effect some purpose; -- usually in a bad sense.
A combination of the most powerful men in Rome who
had conspired my ruin. --Melmoth.
3. (Chem.) The act or process of uniting by chemical
affinity, by which substances unite with each other in
definite proportions by weight to form distinct compounds.
4. pl. (Math.) The different arrangements of a number of
objects, as letters, into groups.
Note: In combinations no regard is paid to the order in which
the objects are arranged in each group, while in
variations and permutations this order is respected.
--Brande & C.
{Combination car}, a railroad car containing two or more
compartments used for different purposes. [U. S.]
{Combination lock}, a lock in which the mechanism is
controlled by means of a movable dial (sometimes by
several dials or rings) inscribed with letters or other
characters. The bolt of the lock can not be operated until
after the dial has been so turned as to combine the
characters in a certain order or succession.
{Combination room}, in the University of Cambridge, Eng., a
room into which the fellows withdraw after dinner, for
wine, dessert, and conversation.
{Combination by volume} (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio
by which gaseous elements and compounds unite in definite
proportions by volume to form distinct compounds.
{Combination by weight} (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio,
in which substances unite in proportions by weight,
relatively fixed and exact, to form distinct compounds.
See {Law of definite proportions}, under {Definite}.
Syn: Cabal; alliance; association; league; union;
confederacy; coalition; conspiracy. See {Cabal}.
Combine \Com*bine"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Combined}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Combining}.] [LL. combinare, combinatum; L. com- +
binus, pl. bini, two and two, double: cf. F. combiner. See
{Binary}.]
1. To unite or join; to link closely together; to bring into
harmonious union; to cause or unite so as to form a
homogeneous substance, as by chemical union.
So fitly them in pairs thou hast combined. --Milton.
Friendship is the cement which really combines
mankind. --Dr. H. More.
And all combined, save what thou must combine By
holy marriage. --Shak.
Earthly sounds, though sweet and well combined.
--Cowper.
2. To bind; to hold by a moral tie. [Obs.]
I am combined by a sacred vow. --Shak.
Combine \Com*bine"\, v. i.
1. To form a union; to agree; to coalesce; to confederate.
You with your foes combine, And seem your own
destruction to design --Dryden.
So sweet did harp and voice combine. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. To unite by affinity or natural attraction; as, two
substances, which will not combine of themselves, may be
made to combine by the intervention of a third.
3. (Card Playing) In the game of casino, to play a card which
will take two or more cards whose aggregate number of pips
equals those of the card played.
{Combining weight} (Chem.), that proportional weight, usually
referred to hydrogen as a standard, and for each element
fixed and exact, by which an element unites with another
to form a distinct compound. The combining weights either
are identical with, or are multiples or submultiples of,
the atomic weight. See {Atomic weight}, under {Atomic}, a.
Combined \Com*bined"\, a.
United closely; confederated; chemically united.
Combinedly \Com*bin"ed*ly\, adv. In combination or
co["o]peration
; jointly.
Combiner \Com*bin"er\, n.
One who, or that which, combines.
Combing \Comb"ing\, n.
1. The act or process of using a comb or a number of combs;
as, the combing of one's hair; the combing of wool.
Note: The process of combing is used in straightening wool of
long staple; short wool is carded.
2. pl.
(a) That which is caught or collected with a comb, as
loose, tangled hair.
(b) Hair arranged to be worn on the head.
The baldness, thinness, and . . . deformity of
their hair is supplied by borders and combings.
--Jer. Taylor.
(c) (Naut.) See {Coamings}.
{Combing machine} (Textile Manuf.), a machine for combing
wool, flax, cotton, etc., and separating the longer and
more valuable fiber from the shorter. See also {Carding
machine}, under {Carding}.
Combless \Comb"less\, a.
Without a comb or crest; as, a combless cock.
Comboloio \Com`bo*lo"io\ (k[o^]m`b[-o]*l[=o]"y[-o]), n.
A Mohammedan rosary, consisting of ninety-nine beads.
--Byron.
Comb-shaped \Comb"-shaped`\, a. (Bot.)
Pectinate.
Combust \Com*bust"\, a. [L. combustus, p. p. of comburere to
burn up; com- + burere (only in comp.), of uncertain origin;
cf. bustum fineral pyre, prurire to itch, pruna a live coal,
Gr. pyrso`s firebrand, Skr. plush to burn.]
1. Burnt; consumed. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. (Astron.) So near the sun as to be obscured or eclipsed by
his light, as the moon or planets when not more than eight
degrees and a half from the sun. [Obs.]
Planets that are oft combust. --Milton.
Combustibility \Com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being combustible.
Combustible \Com*bus"ti*ble\, a. [Cf. F. combustible.]
1. Capable of taking fire and burning; apt to catch fire;
inflammable.
Sin is to the soul like fire to combustible matter.
--South.
2. Easily kindled or excited; quick; fiery; irascible.
Arnold was a combustible character. --W. Irving.
Combustible \Com*bus"ti*ble\, n.
A substance that may be set on fire, or which is liable to
take fire and burn.
All such combustibles as are cheap enough for common
use go under the name of fuel. --Ure.
Combustibleness \Com*bus"ti*ble*ness\, n.
Combustibility.
Combustion \Com*bus"tion\ (?; 106), n. [L. combustio: cf. F.
combustion.]
1. The state of burning.
2. (Chem.) The combination of a combustible with a supporter
of combustion, producing heat, and sometimes both light
and heat.
Combustion results in common cases from the mutual
chemical action and reaction of the combustible and
the oxygen of the atmosphere, whereby a new compound
is formed. --Ure.
{Supporter of combustion} (Chem.), a gas, as oxygen, the
combination of which with a combustible, as coal,
constitutes combustion.
3. Violent agitation; confusion; tumult. [Obs.]
There [were] great combustions and divisions among
the heads of the university. --Mede.
But say from whence this new combustion springs.
--Dryden.
Combustious \Com*bus"tious\, a.
Inflammable. [Obs.] --Shak.
Come \Come\, v. i. [imp. {Came}; p. p. {Come}; p. pr & vb. n.
{Coming}.] [OE. cumen, comen, AS. cuman; akin to OS. kuman,
D. komen, OHG. queman, G. kommen, Icel. koma, Sw. komma, Dan.
komme, Goth. giman, L. venire (gvenire), Gr. ? to go, Skr.
gam. [root]23. Cf. {Base}, n., {Convene}, {Adventure}.]
1. To move hitherward; to draw near; to approach the speaker,
or some place or person indicated; -- opposed to go.
Look, who comes yonder? --Shak.
I did not come to curse thee. --Tennyson.
2. To complete a movement toward a place; to arrive.
When we came to Rome. --Acts xxviii.
16.
Lately come from Italy. --Acts xviii.
2.
3. To approach or arrive, as if by a journey or from a
distance. ``Thy kingdom come.'' --Matt. vi. 10.
The hour is coming, and now is. --John. v. 25.
So quick bright things come to confusion. --Shak.
4. To approach or arrive, as the result of a cause, or of the
act of another.
From whence come wars? --James iv. 1.
Both riches and honor come of thee ! --1 Chron.
xxix. 12.
5. To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to appear.
Then butter does refuse to come. --Hudibras.
6. To get to be, as the result of change or progress; -- with
a predicate; as, to come untied.
How come you thus estranged? --Shak.
How come her eyes so bright? --Shak.
Note: Am come, is come, etc., are frequently used instead of
have come, has come, etc., esp. in poetry. The verb to
be gives a clearer adjectival significance to the
participle as expressing a state or condition of the
subject, while the auxiliary have expresses simply the
completion of the action signified by the verb.
Think not that I am come to destroy. --Matt. v.
17.
We are come off like Romans. --Shak.
The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the
year. --Bryant.
Note: Come may properly be used (instead of go) in speaking
of a movement hence, or away, when there is reference
to an approach to the person addressed; as, I shall
come home next week; he will come to your house to-day.
It is used with other verbs almost as an auxiliary,
indicative of approach to the action or state expressed
by the verb; as, how came you to do it? Come is used
colloquially, with reference to a definite future time
approaching, without an auxiliary; as, it will be two
years, come next Christmas; i. e., when Christmas shall
come.
They were cried In meeting, come next Sunday.
--Lowell.
Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention,
or to invite to motion or joint action; come, let us
go. ``This is the heir; come, let us kill him.''
--Matt. xxi. 38. When repeated, it sometimes expresses
haste, or impatience, and sometimes rebuke. ``Come,
come, no time for lamentation now.'' --Milton.
{To come}, yet to arrive, future. ``In times to come.''
--Dryden. ``There's pippins and cheese to come.'' --Shak.
{To come about}.
(a) To come to pass; to arrive; to happen; to result; as,
how did these things come about?
(b) To change; to come round; as, the ship comes about.
``The wind is come about.'' --Shak.
On better thoughts, and my urged reasons, They
are come about, and won to the true side. --B.
Jonson.
{To come abroad}.
(a) To move or be away from one's home or country. ``Am
come abroad to see the world.'' --Shak.
(b) To become public or known. [Obs.] ``Neither was
anything kept secret, but that it should come
abroad.'' --Mark. iv. 22.
{To come across}, to meet; to find, esp. by chance or
suddenly. ``We come across more than one incidental
mention of those wars.'' --E. A. Freeman. ``Wagner's was
certainly one of the strongest and most independent
natures I ever came across.'' --H. R. Haweis.
{To come after}.
(a) To follow.
(b) To come to take or to obtain; as, to come after a
book.
{To come again}, to return. ``His spirit came again and he
revived.'' --Judges. xv. 19. -
{To come and go}.
(a) To appear and disappear; to change; to alternate.
``The color of the king doth come and go.'' --Shak.
(b) (Mech.) To play backward and forward.
{To come at}.
(a) To reach; to arrive within reach of; to gain; as, to
come at a true knowledge of ourselves.
(b) To come toward; to attack; as, he came at me with
fury.
{To come away}, to part or depart.
{To come between}, to intervene; to separate; hence, to cause
estrangement.
{To come by}.
(a) To obtain, gain, acquire. ``Examine how you came by
all your state.'' --Dryden.
(b) To pass near or by way of.
{To come down}.
(a) To descend.
(b) To be humbled.
{To come down upon}, to call to account, to reprimand.
[Colloq.] --Dickens.
{To come home}.
(a) To return to one's house or family.
(b) To come close; to press closely; to touch the
feelings, interest, or reason.
(c) (Naut.) To be loosened from the ground; -- said of an
anchor.
{To come in}.
(a) To enter, as a town, house, etc. ``The thief cometh
in.'' --Hos. vii. 1.
(b) To arrive; as, when my ship comes in.
(c) To assume official station or duties; as, when Lincoln
came in.
(d) To comply; to yield; to surrender. ``We need not fear
his coming in'' --Massinger.
(e) To be brought into use. ``Silken garments did not come
in till late.'' --Arbuthnot.
(f) To be added or inserted; to be or become a part of.
(g) To accrue as gain from any business or investment.
(h) To mature and yield a harvest; as, the crops come in
well.
(i) To have sexual intercourse; -- with to or unto. --Gen.
xxxviii. 16.
(j) To have young; to bring forth; as, the cow will come
in next May. [U. S.]
{To come in for}, to claim or receive. ``The rest came in for
subsidies.'' --Swift.
{To come into}, to join with; to take part in; to agree to;
to comply with; as, to come into a party or scheme.
{To come it over}, to hoodwink; to get the advantage of.
[Colloq.]
{To come} {near or nigh}, to approach in place or quality; to
be equal to. ``Nothing ancient or modern seems to come
near it.'' --Sir W. Temple.
{To come of}.
(a) To descend or spring from. ``Of Priam's royal race my
mother came.'' --Dryden.
(b) To result or follow from. ``This comes of judging by
the eye.'' --L'Estrange.
{To come off}.
(a) To depart or pass off from.
(b) To get free; to get away; to escape.
(c) To be carried through; to pass off; as, it came off
well.
(d) To acquit one's self; to issue from (a contest, etc.);
as, he came off with honor; hence, substantively, a
come-off, an escape; an excuse; an evasion. [Colloq.]
(e) To pay over; to give. [Obs.]
(f) To take place; to happen; as, when does the race come
off?
(g) To be or become after some delay; as, the weather came
off very fine.
(h) To slip off or be taken off, as a garment; to
separate.
(i) To hurry away; to get through. --Chaucer.
{To come off by}, to suffer. [Obs.] ``To come off by the
worst.'' --Calamy.
{To come off from}, to leave. ``To come off from these grave
disquisitions.'' --Felton.
{To come on}.
(a) To advance; to make progress; to thrive.
(b) To move forward; to approach; to supervene.
{To come out}.
(a) To pass out or depart, as from a country, room,
company, etc. ``They shall come out with great
substance.'' --Gen. xv. 14.
(b) To become public; to appear; to be published. ``It is
indeed come out at last.'' --Bp. Stillingfleet.
(c) To end; to result; to turn out; as, how will this
affair come out? he has come out well at last.
(d) To be introduced into society; as, she came out two
seasons ago.
(e) To appear; to show itself; as, the sun came out.
(f) To take sides; to take a stand; as, he came out
against the tariff.
{To come out with}, to give publicity to; to disclose.
{To come over}.
(a) To pass from one side or place to another.
``Perpetually teasing their friends to come over to
them.'' --Addison.
(b) To rise and pass over, in distillation.
{To come over to}, to join.
{To come round}.
(a) To recur in regular course.
(b) To recover. [Colloq.]
(c) To change, as the wind.
(d) To relent. --J. H. Newman.
(e) To circumvent; to wheedle. [Colloq.]
{To come short}, to be deficient; to fail of attaining. ``All
have sinned and come short of the glory of God.'' --Rom.
iii. 23.
{To come to}.
(a) To consent or yield. --Swift.
(b) (Naut.) (with the accent on to) To luff; to bring the
ship's head nearer the wind; to anchor.
(c) (with the accent on to) To recover, as from a swoon.
(d) To arrive at; to reach.
(e) To amount to; as, the taxes come to a large sum.
(f) To fall to; to be received by, as an inheritance.
--Shak.
{To come to blows}. See under {Blow}.
{To come to grief}. See under {Grief}.
{To come to a head}.
(a) To suppurate, as a boil.
(b) To mature; to culminate; as a plot.
{To come to one's self}, to recover one's senses.
{To come to pass}, to happen; to fall out.
{To come to the scratch}.
(a) (Prize Fighting) To step up to the scratch or mark
made in the ring to be toed by the combatants in
beginning a contest; hence:
(b) To meet an antagonist or a difficulty bravely.
[Colloq.]
{To come to time}.
(a) (Prize Fighting) To come forward in order to resume
the contest when the interval allowed for rest is over
and ``time'' is called; hence:
(b) To keep an appointment; to meet expectations.
[Colloq.]
{To come together}.
(a) To meet for business, worship, etc.; to assemble.
--Acts i. 6.
(b) To live together as man and wife. --Matt. i. 18.
{To come true}, to happen as predicted or expected.
{To come under}, to belong to, as an individual to a class.
{To come up}
(a) to ascend; to rise.
(b) To be brought up; to arise, as a question.
(c) To spring; to shoot or rise above the earth, as a
plant.
(d) To come into use, as a fashion.
{To come up the capstan} (Naut.), to turn it the contrary
way, so as to slacken the rope about it.
{To come up the tackle fall} (Naut.), to slacken the tackle
gently. --Totten.
{To come up to}, to rise to; to equal.
{To come up with}, to overtake or reach by pursuit.
{To come upon}.
(a) To befall.
(b) To attack or invade.
(c) To have a claim upon; to become dependent upon for
support; as, to come upon the town.
(d) To light or chance upon; to find; as, to come upon hid
treasure.
Come \Come\, v. t.
To carry through; to succeed in; as, you can't come any
tricks here. [Slang]
{To come it}, to succeed in a trick of any sort. [Slang]
Come \Come\, n.
Coming. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Co-meddle \Co-med"dle\, v. t.
To mix; to mingle, to temper. [Obs.] --Shak.
Comedian \Co*me"di*an\, n. [Cf. F. com['e]dien.]
1. An actor or player in comedy. ``The famous comedian,
Roscius.'' --Middleton.
2. A writer of comedy. --Milton.
Com'edienne \Co*m['e]`di*enne"\, n. [F., fem. of com['e]dien.]
A women who plays in comedy.
Comedietta \Co*me`di*et"ta\, n. [It.]
A dramatic sketch; a brief comedy.
Comedo \Com"e*do\, n.; pl. {Comedones}. [L., a glutton. See
{Comestible}.] (Med.)
A small nodule or cystic tumor, common on the nose, etc.,
which on pressure allows the escape of a yellow wormlike mass
of retained oily secretion, with a black head (dirt).
Comedown \Come"down`\, n.
A downfall; an humiliation. [Colloq.]
Comedy \Com"e*dy\, n.; pl. {Comedies}. [F. com['e]die, L.
comoedia, fr. Gr. ?; ? a jovial festivity with music and
dancing, a festal procession, an ode sung at this procession
(perh. akin to ? village, E. home) + ? to sing; for comedy
was originally of a lyric character. See {Home}, and {Ode}.]
A dramatic composition, or representation of a bright and
amusing character, based upon the foibles of individuals, the
manners of society, or the ludicrous events or accidents of
life; a play in which mirth predominates and the termination
of the plot is happy; -- opposed to tragedy.
With all the vivacity of comedy. --Macaulay.
Are come to play a pleasant comedy. --Shak.
Comelily \Come"li*ly\, adv.
In a suitable or becoming manner. [R.] --Sherwood.
Comeliness \Come"li*ness\, n. [See {Comely}.]
The quality or state of being comely.
Comeliness is a disposing fair Of things and actions in
fit time and place. --Sir J.
Davies.
Strength, comeliness of shape, or amplest merit.
--Milton.
Comeliness signifies something less forcible than
beauty, less elegant than grace, and less light than
prettiness. --Johnson.
Comely \Come"ly\ (k[u^]m"l[y^]), a. [Compar. {Comelier}; superl.
{Comeliest}.] [OE. comeliche, AS. cyml[=i]c; cyme suitable
(fr. cuman to come, become) + l[=i]c like.]
1. Pleasing or agreeable to the sight; well-proportioned;
good-looking; handsome.
He that is comely when old and decrepit, surely was
very beautiful when he was young. --South.
Not once perceive their foul disfigurement But boast
themselves more comely than before. --Milton.
2. Suitable or becoming; proper; agreeable.
This is a happier and more comely time Than when
these fellows ran about the streets, Crying
confusion. --Shak.
It is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is
pleasant; and praise is comely. --Ps. cxlvii.
1.
Comely \Come"ly\, adv.
In a becoming manner. --Ascham.
Come-outer \Come-out"er\, n.
One who comes out or withdraws from a religious or other
organization; a radical reformer. [Colloq. U. S.]
Comer \Com"er\, n.
One who comes, or who has come; one who has arrived, and is
present.
{All comers}, all who come, or offer, to take part in a
matter, especially in a contest or controversy. ``To prove
it against all comers.'' --Bp. Stillingfleet.
Comes \Co"mes\, n. [L., a companion.] (Mus.)
The answer to the theme (dux) in a fugue.
Comessation \Com`es*sa"tion\, n. [L. comissatio, comessatio.]
A reveling; a rioting. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Comestible \Co*mes"ti*ble\, a. [F. comestible, fr. L. comesus,
comestus, p. p. of comedere to eat; com- + edere to eat.]
Suitable to be eaten; eatable; esculent.
Some herbs are most comestible. --Sir T.
Elyot.
Comestible \Co*mes"ti*ble\, n.
Something suitable to be eaten; -- commonly in the plural.
--Thackeray.
Comet \Com"et\, n. [L. cometes, cometa, from Gr. ? comet, prop.
long-haired, fr. ? to wear long hair, fr. ? hair, akin to L.
coma: cf. F. com[`e]te.] (Astron.)
A member of the solar system which usually moves in an
elongated orbit, approaching very near to the sun in its
perihelion, and receding to a very great distance from it at
its aphelion. A comet commonly consists of three parts: the
nucleus, the envelope, or coma, and the tail; but one or more
of these parts is frequently wanting. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Cometarium \Com`e*ta"ri*um\, n. [NL.] (Astron.)
An instrument, intended to represent the revolution of a
comet round the sun. --Hutton.
Cometary \Com"et*a*ry\, a. [Cf. F. com['e]taire.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, a comet. --Cheyne.
Comet-finder \Com"et-find`er\, or Comet- seeker \Com"et-
seek`er\, n. (Astron.)
A telescope of low power, having a large field of view, used
for finding comets.
Cometic \Co*met"ic\, a.
Relating to a comet.
Cometographer \Com`et*og"ra*pher\, n.
One who describes or writes about comets.
Cometography \Com`et*og"ra*phy\, n. [Comet + -graphy: cf. F.
com['e]tographie.]
A description of, or a treatise concerning, comets.
Cometology \Com`et*ol"o*gy\, n. [Comet + -logy.]
The department of astronomy relating to comets.
Comfit \Com"fit\, n. [F. confit, prop. a p. p., fr. confire to
preserve, pickle, fr. L. conficere to prepare; con- + facere
to make. See {Fact}, and cf. {Confect}.]
A dry sweetmeat; any kind of fruit, root, or seed preserved
with sugar and dried; a confection.
Comfit \Com"fit\, v. t.
To preserve dry with sugar.
The fruit which does so quickly waste, . . . Thou
comfitest in sweets to make it last. --Cowley.
Comfiture \Com"fi*ture\ (?; 135), n. [F. confiture; cf. LL.
confecturae sweetmeats, confectura a preparing. See {Comfit},
and cf. {Confiture}.]
See {Comfit}, n.
Comfort \Com"fort\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Comforted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Comforting.}] [F. conforter, fr. L. confortare to
strengthen much; con- + fortis strong. See {Fort}.]
1. To make strong; to invigorate; to fortify; to corroborate.
[Obs.] --Wyclif.
God's own testimony . . . doth not a little comfort
and confirm the same. --Hooker.
2. To assist or help; to aid. [Obs.]
I . . . can not help the noble chevalier: God
comfort him in this necessity! --Shak.
3. To impart strength and hope to; to encourage; to relieve;
to console; to cheer.
Light excelleth in comforting the spirits of men.
--Bacon.
That we may be able to comfort them that are in any
affliction. --2 Cor. i. 4
(Rev. Ver.).
A perfect woman, nobly planned, To warn, to comfort,
and command. --Wordsworth.
Syn: To cheer; solace; console; revive; encourage; enliven;
invigorate; inspirit; gladden; recreate; exhilarate;
refresh; animate; confirm; strengthen.
Usage: {To Comfort}, {Console}, {Solace}. These verbs all
suppose some antecedent state of suffering or sorrow.
Console is confined to the act giving sympathetic
relief to the mind under affliction or sorrow, and
points to some definite source of that relief; as, the
presence of his friend consoled him; he was much
consoled by this intelligence. The act of consoling
commonly implies the inculcation of resignation.
Comfort points to relief afforded by the communication
of positive pleasure, hope, and strength, as well as
by the diminution of pain; as, ``They brought the
young man alive, and were not a little comforted.''
--Acts xx. 12. Solace is from L. solacium, which means
according to Dumesnil, consolation inwardly felt or
applied to the case of the sufferer. Hence, the verb
to solace denotes the using of things for the purpose
of affording relief under sorrow or suffering; as, to
solace one's self with reflections, with books, or
with active employments.
Comfort \Com"fort\, n. [OF. confort, fr. conforter.]
1. Assistance; relief; support. [Obs. except in the phrase
``aid and comfort.'' See 5 below.] --Shak.
2. Encouragement; solace; consolation in trouble; also, that
which affords consolation.
In comfort of her mother's fears. --Shak.
Cheer thy spirit with this comfort. --Shak.
Speaking words of endearment where words of comfort
availed not. --Longfellow.
3. A state of quiet enjoyment; freedom from pain, want, or
anxiety; also, whatever contributes to such a condition.
I had much joy and comfort in thy love. --Phil. 7
(Rev. Ver.).
He had the means of living in comfort. --Macaulay.
4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable. [U. S.]
5. (Law) Unlawful support, countenance, or encouragement; as,
to give aid and comfort to the enemy.
Syn: {Comfort}, {Consolation}.
Usage: Comfort has two meanings:
1. Strength and relief received under affliction;
2. Positive enjoyment, of a quiet, permanent nature, together
with the sources thereof; as, the comfort of love;
surrounded with comforts; but it is with the former only
that the word consolation is brought into comparison. As
thus compared, consolation points to some specific source
of relief for the afflicted mind; as, the consolations of
religion. Comfort supposes the relief to be afforded by
imparting positive enjoyment, as well as a diminution of
pain. ``Consolation, or comfort, signifies some
alleviation to that pain to which it is not in our power
to afford the proper and adequate remedy; they imply
rather an augmentation of the power of bearing, than a
diminution of the burden.'' --Johnson.
Comfortable \Com"fort*a*ble\, a. [OF. confortable.]
1. Strong; vigorous; valiant. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For my
sake be comfortable; hold death a while at the arm's
end. --Shak.
2. Serviceable; helpful. [Obs.]
Be comfortable to my mother, your mistress, and make
much of her. --Shak.
3. Affording or imparting comfort or consolation; able to
comfort; cheering; as, a comfortable hope. ``Kind words
and comfortable.'' --Cowper.
A comfortable provision made for their subsistence.
--Dryden.
4. In a condition of comfort; having comforts; not suffering
or anxious; hence, contented; cheerful; as, to lead a
comfortable life.
My lord leans wondrously to discontent; His
comfortable temper has forsook him: He is much out
of health. --Shak.
5. Free, or comparatively free, from pain or distress; --
used of a sick person. [U. S.]
Comfortable \Com"fort*a*ble\, n.
A stuffed or quilted coverlet for a bed; a comforter; a
comfort. [U. S.]
Comfortableness \Com"fort*a*ble*ness\, n.
State of being comfortable.
Comfortably \Com"fort*a*bly\, adv.
In a comfortable or comforting manner.
Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem. --Is. xl. 2.
Comforter \Com"fort*er\, n.
1. One who administers comfort or consolation.
Let no comforter delight mine ear But such a one
whose wrongs do suit with mine. --Shak.
2. (Script.) The Holy Spirit, -- referring to his office of
comforting believers.
But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the
Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all
things. --John xiv.
26.
3. A knit woolen tippet, long and narrow. [U. S.]
The American schoolboy takes off his comforter and
unbuttons his jacket before going in for a snowball
fight. --Pop. Sci.
Monthly.
4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable. [U. S.]
{Job's comforter}, a boil. [Colloq.]
Comfortless \Com"fort*less\, a.
Without comfort or comforts; in want or distress; cheerless.
Comfortless through tyranny or might. --Spenser.
Syn: Forlorn; desolate; cheerless; inconsolable;
disconsolate; wretched; miserable. --
{Com"fort*less*ly}, adv. -- {Com"fort*less*ness}, n.
When all is coldly, comfortlessly costly.
--Milton.
Comfortment \Com"fort*ment\, n.
Act or process of administering comfort. [Obs.]
The gentle comfortment and entertainment of the said
embassador. --Hakluyt.
Comfortress \Com"fort*ress\, n.
A woman who comforts.
To be your comfortress, and to preserve you. --B.
Jonson.
Comfrey \Com"frey\, n. [Prob. from F. conferve, L. conferva, fr.
confervere to boil together, in medical language, to heal,
grow together. So called on account of its healing power, for
which reason it was also called consolida.] (Bot.)
A rough, hairy, perennial plant of several species, of the
genus {Symphytum}.
Note: A decoction of the mucilaginous root of the ``common
comfrey'' ({S. officinale}) is used in cough mixtures,
etc.; and the gigantic ``prickly comfrey'' ({S.
asperrimum}) is somewhat cultivated as a forage plant.
Comic \Com"ic\, a. [L. comicus pertaining to comedy, Gr. ?: cf.
F. comique. See {Comedy}.]
1. Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy.
I can not for the stage a drama lay, Tragic or
comic, but thou writ'st the play. --B. Jonson.
2. Causing mirth; ludicrous. ``Comic shows.'' --Shak.
Comic \Com"ic\, n.
A comedian. [Obs.] --Steele.
Comical \Com"ic*al\, a.
1. Relating to comedy.
They deny it to be tragical because its catastrophe
is a wedding, which hath ever been accounted
comical. --Gay.
2. Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as, a comical story.
``Comical adventures.'' --Dryden.
Syn: Humorous; laughable; funny. See {Droll}. --
{Com"ic*al*ly}, adv. -- {Com"ic*al"ness}, n.
Comicality \Com`i*cal"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Comicalities}.
The quality of being comical; something comical.
Comicry \Com"ic*ry\, n.
The power of exciting mirth; comicalness. [R.] --H. Giles.
Coming \Com"ing\, a.
1. Approaching; of the future, especially the near future;
the next; as, the coming week or year; the coming
exhibition.
Welcome the coming, speed the parting, guest.
--Pope.
Your coming days and years. --Byron.
2. Ready to come; complaisant; fond. [Obs.] --Pope.
Coming \Com"ing\, n.
1. Approach; advent; manifestation; as, the coming of the
train.
2. Specifically: The Second Advent of Christ.
{Coming in}.
(a) Entrance; entrance way; manner of entering; beginning.
``The goings out thereof, and the comings in
thereof.'' --Ezek. xliii. 11
(b) Income or revenue. ``What are thy comings in?''
--Shak.
Comitia \Co*mi"ti*a\, n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)
A public assembly of the Roman people for electing officers
or passing laws.
Note: There were three kinds of comitia: comitia curiata, or
assembly of the patricians, who voted in curi[ae];
comitia centuriata, or assembly of the whole Roman
people, who voted by centuries; and comitia tributa, or
assembly of the plebeians according to their division
into tribes.
Comitial \Co*mi"tial\, a. [L. comitialis.]
Relating to the comitia, or popular assemblies of the Romans
for electing officers and passing laws. --Middleton.
Comity \Com"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Comities}. [L. comitas, fr. comis
courteous, kind.]
Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy between equals;
friendly civility; as, comity of manners; the comity of
States.
{Comity of nations} (International Law), the courtesy by
which nations recognize within their own territory, or in
their courts, the peculiar institutions of another nation
or the rights and privileges acquired by its citizens in
their own land. By some authorities private international
law rests on this comity, but the better opinion is that
it is part of the common law of the land, and hence is
obligatory as law.
Syn: Civility; good breeding; courtesy; good will.
Comma \Com"ma\, n. [L. comma part of a sentence, comma, Gr. ?
clause, fr. ? to cut off. Cf. {Capon}.]
1. A character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of
a sentence, written or printed.
2. (Mus.) A small interval (the difference between a major
and minor half step), seldom used except by tuners.
{Comma bacillus} (Physiol.), a variety of bacillus shaped
like a comma, found in the intestines of patients
suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as having
a special relation to the disease; -- called also {cholera
bacillus}.
{Comma butterfly} (Zo["o]l.), an American butterfly ({Grapta
comma}), having a white comma-shaped marking on the under
side of the wings.
Command \Com*mand"\ (?; 61), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Commanded}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Commanding}.] [OE. comaunden, commanden, OF.
comander, F. commander, fr. L. com- + mandare to commit to,
to command. Cf. {Commend}, {Mandate}.]
1. To order with authority; to lay injunction upon; to
direct; to bid; to charge.
We are commanded to forgive our enemies, but you
never read that we are commanded to forgive our
friends. --Bacon.
Go to your mistress: Say, I command her come to me.
--Shak.
2. To exercise direct authority over; to have control of; to
have at one's disposal; to lead.
Monmouth commanded the English auxiliaries.
--Macaulay.
Such aid as I can spare you shall command. --Shak.
3. To have within a sphere of control, influence, access, or
vision; to dominate by position; to guard; to overlook.
Bridges commanded by a fortified house. --Motley.
Up to the eastern tower, Whose height commands as
subject all the vale. --Shak.
One side commands a view of the finest garden.
--Addison.
4. To have power or influence of the nature of authority
over; to obtain as if by ordering; to receive as a due; to
challenge; to claim; as, justice commands the respect and
affections of the people; the best goods command the best
price.
'Tis not in mortals to command success. --Addison.
5. To direct to come; to bestow. [Obs.]
I will command my blessing upon you. --Lev. xxv.
21.
Syn: To bid; order; direct; dictate; charge; govern; rule;
overlook.
Command \Com*mand"\, v. i.
1. To have or to exercise direct authority; to govern; to
sway; to influence; to give an order or orders.
And reigned, commanding in his monarchy. --Shak.
For the king had so commanded concerning [Haman].
--Esth. iii.
2.
2. To have a view, as from a superior position.
Far and wide his eye commands. --Milton.
Command \Com*mand"\, n.
1. An authoritative order requiring obedience; a mandate; an
injunction.
Awaiting what command their mighty chief Had to
impose. --Milton.
2. The possession or exercise of authority.
Command and force may often create, but can never
cure, an aversion. --Locke.
3. Authority; power or right of control; leadership; as, the
forces under his command.
4. Power to dominate, command, or overlook by means of
position; scope of vision; survey.
The steepy stand Which overlooks the vale with wide
command. --Dryden.
5. Control; power over something; sway; influence; as, to
have command over one's temper or voice; the fort has
command of the bridge.
He assumed an absolute command over his readers.
--Dryden.
6. A body of troops, or any naval or military force or post,
or the whole territory under the authority or control of a
particular officer.
{Word of command} (Mil.), a word or phrase of definite and
established meaning, used in directing the movements of
soldiers; as, {aim}; {fire}; {shoulder arms}, etc.
Syn: Control; sway; power; authority; rule; dominion;
sovereignty; mandate; order; injunction; charge; behest.
See {Direction}.
Commandable \Com*mand"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being commanded.
Commandant \Com`man*dant"\, n. [F., orig. p. pr. of commander.]
A commander; the commanding officer of a place, or of a body
of men; as, the commandant of a navy-yard.
Commandatory \Com*mand"a*to*ry\, a.
Mandatory; as, commandatory authority. [Obs.]
Commander \Com*mand"er\, n. [Cf. F. commandeur. Cf. {Commodore},
{Commender}.]
1. A chief; one who has supreme authority; a leader; the
chief officer of an army, or of any division of it.
A leader and commander to the people. --Is. lv. 4.
2. (Navy) An officer who ranks next below a captain, --
ranking with a lieutenant colonel in the army.
3. The chief officer of a commandery.
4. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving, in sail
lofts, etc.
{Commander in chief}, the military title of the officer who
has supreme command of the land or naval forces or the
united forces of a nation or state; a generalissimo. The
President is commander in chief of the army and navy of
the United States.
Syn: See {Chief}.
Commandership \Com*mand"er*ship\, n.
The office of a commander.
Commandery \Com*mand"er*y\, n.; pl. {Commanderies}. [F.
commanderie.]
1. The office or rank of a commander. [Obs.]
2. A district or a manor with lands and tenements
appertaining thereto, under the control of a member of an
order of knights who was called a commander; -- called
also a {preceptory}.
3. An assembly or lodge of Knights Templars (so called) among
the Freemasons. [U. S.]
4. A district under the administration of a military
commander or governor. [R.] --Brougham.
Commanding \Com*mand"ing\, a.
1. Exercising authority; actually in command; as, a
commanding officer.
2. Fitted to impress or control; as, a commanding look or
presence.
3. Exalted; overlooking; having superior strategic
advantages; as, a commanding position.
Syn: Authoritative; imperative; imperious.
Commandingly \Com*mand"ing*ly\, adv.
In a commanding manner.
Commandment \Com*mand"ment\, n. [OF. commandement, F.
commandement.]
1. An order or injunction given by authority; a command; a
charge; a precept; a mandate.
A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one
another. --John xiii.
34.
2. (Script.) One of the ten laws or precepts given by God to
the Israelites at Mount Sinai.
3. The act of commanding; exercise of authority.
And therefore put I on the countenance Of stern
commandment. --Shak.
4. (Law) The offense of commanding or inducing another to
violate the law.
{The Commandments}, {The Ten Commandments}, the Decalogue, or
summary of God's commands, given to Moses at Mount Sinai.
(--Ex. xx.)
Commandress \Com*mand"ress\, n.
A woman invested with authority to command. --Hooker.
Commandry \Com*mand"ry\, n.
See {Commandery}.
Commark \Com"mark`\, n. [OF. comarque, or LL. commarca,
commarcha; com- + marcha, boundary. See {March} a confine.]
The frontier of a country; confines. [Obs.] --Shelton.
Commaterial \Com`ma*te"ri*al\, a.
Consisting of the same material. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Commatic \Com*mat"ic\, a. [L. commaticus, Gr. ?. See {Comma}.]
Having short clauses or sentences; brief; concise.
Commatism \Com"ma*tism\, n. [See {Commatic}.]
Conciseness in writing. --Bp. Horsley.
Commeasurable \Com*meas"ur*a*ble\, a. [Cf. {Commensurable}.]
Having the same measure; commensurate; proportional.
She being now removed by death, a commeasurable grief
took as full possession of him as joy had done. --I.
Walton.
Commeasure \Com*meas"ure\, v. t.
To be commensurate with; to equal. --Tennyson.
Commemorable \Com*mem"o*ra"ble\, a. [L. commemorabilis.]
Worthy to be commemorated.
Commemorate \Com*mem"o*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Commemorated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Commemorating}.] [L.
commemoratus, p. p. of commemorare to remember; com- +
memorare to mention, fr. memor mindful. See {Memory}.]
To call to remembrance by a special act or observance; to
celebrate with honor and solemnity; to honor, as a person or
event, by some act of respect or affection, intended to
preserve the remembrance of the person or event; as, to
commemorate the sufferings and dying love of our Savior by
the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; to commemorate the
Declaration of Independence by the observance of the Fourth
of July.
We are called upon to commemorate a revolution.
--Atterbury.
Syn: See {Celebrate}.
Commemoration \Com*mem`o*ra"tion\, n. [L. commemoratio.]
1. The act of commemorating; an observance or celebration
designed to honor the memory of some person or event.
This sacrament was designed to be a standing
commemoration of the death and passion of our Lord.
--Abp.
Tillotson.
The commonwealth which . . . chooses the most
flagrant act of murderous regicide treason for a
feast of eternal commemoration. --Burke.
2. Whatever serves the purpose of commemorating; a memorial.
{Commemoration day}, at the University of Oxford, Eng., an
annual observance or ceremony in honor of the benefactors
of the University, at which time honorary degrees are
conferred.
Commemorative \Com*mem"o*ra*tive\, a.
Tending or intended to commemorate. ``A sacrifice
commemorative of Christ's offering up his body for us.''
--Hammond.
An inscription commemorative of his victory. --Sir G.
C. Lewis.
Commemorator \Com*mem"o*ra`tor\, n. [L.]
One who commemorates.
Commemoratory \Com*mem"o*ra*to*ry\, a.
Serving to commemorate; commemorative. --Bp. Hooper.
Commence \Com*mence"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Commenced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Commencing}.] [F. commencer, OF. comencier, fr. L.
com- + initiare to begin. See {Initiate}.]
1. To have a beginning or origin; to originate; to start; to
begin.
Here the anthem doth commence. --Shak.
His heaven commences ere the world be past.
--Goldsmith.
2. To begin to be, or to act as. [Archaic]
We commence judges ourselves. --Coleridge.
3. To take a degree at a university. [Eng.]
I question whether the formality of commencing was
used in that age. --Fuller.
Commence \Com*mence"\, v. t.
To enter upon; to begin; to perform the first act of.
Many a wooer doth commence his suit. --Shak.
Note: It is the practice of good writers to use the verbal
noun (instead of the infinitive with to) after
commence; as, he commenced studying, not he commenced
to study.
Commencement \Com*mence"ment\, n. [F. commencement.]
1. The first existence of anything; act or fact of
commencing; rise; origin; beginning; start.
The time of Henry VII. . . . nearly coincides with
the commencement of what is termed ``modern
history.'' --Hallam.
2. The day when degrees are conferred by colleges and
universities upon students and others.
Commend \Com*mend"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Commended}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Commending}.] [L. commendare; com- + mandare to
intrust to one's charge, enjoin, command. Cf. {Command},
{Mandate}.]
1. To commit, intrust, or give in charge for care or
preservation.
His eye commends the leading to his hand. --Shak.
Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit. --Luke
xxiii. 46.
2. To recommend as worthy of confidence or regard; to present
as worthy of notice or favorable attention.
Among the objects of knowledge, two especially
commend themselves to our contemplation. --Sir M.
Hale.
I commend unto you Phebe our sister. --Rom. xvi. 1.
3. To mention with approbation; to praise; as, to commend a
person or an act.
Historians commend Alexander for weeping when he
read the actions of Achilles. --Dryden.
4. To mention by way of courtesy, implying remembrance and
good will. [Archaic]
Commend me to my brother. --Shak.
Commend \Com*mend"\, n.
1. Commendation; praise. [Obs.]
Speak in his just commend. --Shak.
2. pl. Compliments; greetings. [Obs.]
Hearty commends and much endeared love to you.
--Howell.
Commendable \Com*mend"a*ble\, a.
Note: (Formerly accented on the first syllable.) [L.
commendabilis.]
Worthy of being commended or praised; laudable; praiseworthy.
Order and decent ceremonies in the church are not only
comely but commendable. --Bacon.
-- {Com*mend"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Com*mend"a*bly}, adv.
Commendam \Com*men"dam\, n. [LL. dare in commendam to give into
trust.] (Eng. Eccl. Law)
A vacant living or benefice commended to a cleric (usually a
bishop) who enjoyed the revenue until a pastor was provided.
A living so held was said to be held in commendam. The
practice was abolished by law in 1836.
There was [formerly] some sense for commendams.
--Selden.
{Partnership in commendam}. See under {Partnership}.
Commendatary \Com*mend"a*ta*ry\, n. [Cf. F. commendataire, LL.
commendatarius.]
One who holds a living in commendam.
Commendation \Com`men*da"tion\, n. [L. commendatio.]
1. The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in
words; recommendation.
Need we . . . epistles of commendation? --2 Cor.
iii. 1.
By the commendation of the great officers. --Bacon.
2. That which is the ground of approbation or praise.
Good nature is the most godlike commendation of a
man. --Dryden.
3. pl. A message of affection or respect; compliments;
greeting. [Obs.]
Hark you, Margaret; No princely commendations to my
king? --Shak.
Commendator \Com*mend"a*tor\ (? or ?), n. [LL.]
One who holds a benefice in commendam; a commendatary.
--Chalmers.
Commendatory \Com*mend"a*to*ry\, a. [L. commendatorius.]
1. Serving to commend; containing praise or commendation;
commending; praising. ``Commendatory verses.'' --Pope.
2. Holding a benefice in commendam; as, a commendatory
bishop. --Burke.
{Commendatory prayer} (Book of Common Prayer), a prayer read
over the dying. ``The commendatory prayer was said for
him, and, as it ended, he [William III.] died.'' --Bp.
Burnet.
Commendatory \Com*mend"a*to*ry\, n.
A commendation; eulogy. [R.] ``Commendatories to our
affection.'' --Sharp.
Commender \Com*mend"er\, n.
One who commends or praises.
Commensal \Com*men"sal\, n. [LL. commensalis; L. com- + mensa
table: cf. F. commensal. Cf. Mensal.]
1. One who eats at the same table. [Obs.]
2. (Zo["o]l.) An animal, not truly parasitic, which lives in,
with, or on, another, partaking usually of the same food.
Both species may be benefited by the association.
Commensal \Com*men"sal\, a.
Having the character of a commensal.
Commensalism \Com*men"sal*ism\, n.
The act of eating together; table fellowship.
Commensality \Com`men*sal"i*ty\, n.
Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the
same table. [Obs.] ``Promiscuous commensality.'' --Sir T.
Browne.
Commensation \Com`men*sa"tion\, n.
Commensality. [Obs.]
Daniel . . . declined pagan commensation. --Sir T.
Browne.
Commensurability \Com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F.
commensurabilit['e].]
The quality of being commensurable. --Sir T. Browne.
Commensurable \Com*men"su*ra*ble\, a. [L. commensurabilis; pref.
com- + mensurable. See {Commensurate}, and cf.
{Commeasurable}.]
Having a common measure; capable of being exactly measured by
the same number, quantity, or measure. --
{Com*men"su*ra*ble*ness}, n.
{Commensurable numbers} or {quantities} (Math.), those that
can be exactly expressed by some common unit; thus a foot
and yard are commensurable, since both can be expressed in
terms of an inch, one being 12 inches, the other 36
inches.
{Numbers}, or {Quantities}, {commensurable in power}, those
whose squares are commensurable.
Commensurably \Com*men"su*ra*bly\, adv.
In a commensurable manner; so as to be commensurable.
Commensurate \Com*men"su*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Commensurated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Commensurating}.] [Pref.
com- + mensurate.]
1. To reduce to a common measure. --Sir T. Browne.
2. To proportionate; to adjust. --T. Puller
Commensurate \Com*men"su*rate\, a.
1. Having a common measure; commensurable; reducible to a
common measure; as, commensurate quantities.
2. Equal in measure or extent; proportionate.
Those who are persuaded that they shall continue
forever, can not choose but aspire after a happiness
commensurate to their duration. --Tillotson.
Commensurately \Com*men"su*rate*ly\, adv.
1. In a commensurate manner; so as to be equal or
proportionate; adequately.
2. With equal measure or extent. --Goodwin.
Commensurateness \Com*men"su*rate*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being commensurate. --Foster.
Commensuration \Com*men`su*ra"tion\, n. [Cf. F. commensuration.]
The act of commensurating; the state of being commensurate.
All fitness lies in a particular commensuration, or
proportion of one thing to another. --South.
Comment \Com"ment\ (?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Commented}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Commenting}.] [F. commenter, L. commentari to
meditate upon, explain, v. intens. of comminisci, commentus,
to reflect upon, invent; com- + the root of meminisse to
remember, mens mind. See {Mind}.]
To make remarks, observations, or criticism; especially, to
write notes on the works of an author, with a view to
illustrate his meaning, or to explain particular passages; to
write annotations; -- often followed by on or upon.
A physician to comment on your malady. --Shak.
Critics . . . proceed to comment on him. --Dryden.
I must translate and comment. --Pope.
Comment \Com"ment\, v. t.
To comment on. [Archaic.] --Fuller.
Comment \Com"ment\, n. [Cf. OF. comment.]
1. A remark, observation, or criticism; gossip; discourse;
talk.
Their lavish comment when her name was named.
--Tennyson.
2. A note or observation intended to explain, illustrate, or
criticise the meaning of a writing, book, etc.;
explanation; annotation; exposition.
All the volumes of philosophy, With all their
comments. --Prior.
Commentary \Com"men*ta*ry\, n.; pl. {Commentaries}. [L.
commentarius, commentarium, note book, commentary: cf. F.
commentaire. See {Comment}, v. i.]
1. A series of comments or annotations; esp., a book of
explanations or expositions on the whole or a part of the
Scriptures or of some other work.
This letter . . . was published by him with a severe
commentary. --Hallam.
2. A brief account of transactions or events written hastily,
as if for a memorandum; -- usually in the plural; as,
Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War.
Commentate \Com"men*tate\, v. t. & i. [L. commentatus, p. p. of
commentari to meditate.]
To write comments or notes upon; to make comments. [R.]
Commentate upon it, and return it enriched. --Lamb.
Commentation \Com`men*ta"tion\, n.
1. The act or process of commenting or criticising;
exposition. [R.]
The spirit of commentation. --Whewell.
2. The result of the labors of a commentator.
Commentator \Com"men*ta`tor\, n. [L. commentator: cf. F.
commentateur.]
One who writes a commentary or comments; an expositor; an
annotator.
The commentator's professed object is to explain, to
enforce, to illustrate doctrines claimed as true.
--Whewell.
Commentatorial \Com`men*ta*to"ri*al\ (? or ?), a.
Pertaining to the making of commentaries. --Whewell.
Commentatorship \Com"men*ta`tor*ship\, n.
The office or occupation of a commentator.
Commenter \Com"ment`er\, n.
One who makes or writes comments; a commentator; an
annotator.
Commentitious \Com`men*ti"tious\, a. [L. commentitius.]
Fictitious or imaginary; unreal; as, a commentitious system
of religion. [Obs.] --Warburton.
Commerce \Com"merce\, n.
Note: (Formerly accented on the second syllable.) [F.
commerce, L. commercium; com- + merx, mercis,
merchandise. See {Merchant}.]
1. The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; esp.
the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between
different places or communities; extended trade or
traffic.
The public becomes powerful in proportion to the
opulence and extensive commerce of private men.
--Hume.
2. Social intercourse; the dealings of one person or class in
society with another; familiarity.
Fifteen years of thought, observation, and commerce
with the world had made him [Bunyan] wiser.
--Macaulay.
3. Sexual intercourse. --W. Montagu.
4. A round game at cards, in which the cards are subject to
exchange, barter, or trade. --Hoyle.
{Chamber of commerce}. See {Chamber}.
Syn: Trade; traffic; dealings; intercourse; interchange;
communion; communication.
Commerce \Com*merce"\ (? or ?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Commerced};
p>. pr. & vb. n. {Commercing}.] [Cf. F. commercer, fr. LL.
commerciare.]
1. To carry on trade; to traffic. [Obs.]
Beware you commerce not with bankrupts. --B. Jonson.
2. To hold intercourse; to commune. --Milton.
Commercing with himself. --Tennyson.
Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic
harmonies to commerce with heaven. --Prof.
Wilson.
Commercial \Com*mer"cial\, a. [Cf. F. commercial.]
Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with
commerce or trade; mercantile; as, commercial advantages;
commercial relations. ``Princely commercial houses.''
--Macaulay.
{Commercial college}, a school for giving instruction in
commercial knowledge and business.
{Commercial law}. See under {Law}.
{Commercial note paper}, a small size of writing paper,
usually about 5 by 71/2 or 8 inches.
{Commercial paper}, negotiable paper given in due course of
business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes,
bank checks, etc.
{Commercial traveler}, an agent of a wholesale house who
travels from town to town to solicit orders.
Syn: See {Mercantile}.
Commercialism \Com*mer"cial*ism\, n.
The commercial spirit or method. --C. Kingsley.
Commercially \Com*mer"cial*ly\, adv.
In a commercial manner.
Commigrate \Com"mi*grate\, v. i. [L. commigrare, commigratum.]
To migrate together. [R.]
Commigration \Com`mi*gra"tion\, n. [L. commigratio.]
Migration together. [R.] --Woodward.
Commination \Com`mi*na"tion\, n. [L. comminatio, from comminari
to threaten; com- + minari to threaten: cf. F. commination.]
1. A threat or threatening; a denunciation of punishment or
vengeance.
With terrible comminations to all them that did
resist. --Foxe.
Those thunders of commination. --I. Taylor.
2. An office in the liturgy of the Church of England, used on
Ash Wednesday, containing a recital of God's anger and
judgments against sinners.
Comminatory \Com*min"a*to"ry\, a. [Cf. F. comminatoire.]
Threatening or denouncing punishment; as, comminatory terms.
--B. Jonson.
Commingle \Com*min"gle\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Commingled};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Commingling}.]
To mingle together; to mix in one mass, or intimately; to
blend. --Bacon.
Comminute \Com"mi*nute\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Comminuted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Comminuting}.] [L. comminutus, p. p. of
comminuere to comminute; com- + minuere to lessen. See
{Minute}.]
To reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder; to
pulverize; to triturate; to grind; as, to comminute chalk or
bones; to comminute food with the teeth. --Pennant.
{Comminuted fracture}. See under {Fracture}.
Comminution \Com`mi*nu"tion\, n.
1. The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small
particles; pulverization; the state of being comminuted.
--Bentley.
2. (Surg.) Fracture (of a bone) into a number of pieces.
--Dunglison.
3. Gradual diminution by the removal of small particles at a
time; a lessening; a wearing away.
Natural and necessary comminution of our lives.
--Johnson.
Commiserable \Com*mis"er*a*ble\, a.
Pitiable. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Commiserate \Com*mis"er*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Commiserated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Commiserating}.] [L.
commiseratus, p. p. of commiserari to commiserate; com- +
miserari to pity. See {Miserable}.]
To feel sorrow, pain, or regret for; to pity.
Then must we those, who groan, beneath the weight Of
age, disease, or want, commiserate. --Denham.
We should commiserate our mutual ignorance. --Locke.
Syn: To pity; compassionate; lament; condole.
Commiseration \Com*mis`er*a"tion\, n. [F. commis['e]ration, fr.
L. commiseratio a part of an oration intended to excite
compassion.]
The act of commiserating; sorrow for the wants, afflictions,
or distresses of another; pity; compassion.
And pluck commiseration of his state From brassy bosoms
and rough hearts of flint. --Shak.
Syn: See {Sympathy}.
Commiserative \Com*mis"er*a*tive\, a.
Feeling or expressing commiseration. --Todd.
Commiserator \Com*mis"er*a`tor\, n.
One who pities.
Commissarial \Com`mis*sa"ri*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a commissary.
Commissariat \Com`mis*sa"ri*at\ (?; 277), n. [F. commissariat.]
(Mil.)
(a) The organized system by which armies and military posts
are supplied with food and daily necessaries.
(b) The body of officers charged with such service.
Commissary \Com"mis*sa*ry\, n.; pl. {Commissaries}. [LL.
commissarius, fr. L. commissus, p. p. of committere to
commit, intrust to. See {Commit}.]
1. One to whom is committed some charge, duty, or office, by
a superior power; a commissioner.
Great Destiny, the Commissary of God. --Donne.
2. (Eccl.) An officer of the bishop, who exercises
ecclesiastical jurisdiction in parts of the diocese at a
distance from the residence of the bishop. --Ayliffe.
3. (Mil.)
(a) An officer having charge of a special service; as, the
commissary of musters.
(b) An officer whose business is to provide food for a
body of troops or a military post; -- officially
called {commissary of subsistence}. [U. S.]
Washington wrote to the President of Congress .
. . urging the appointment of a commissary
general, a quartermaster general, a commissary
of musters, and a commissary of artillery. --W.
Irving
{Commissary general}, an officer in charge of some special
department of army service; as:
(a) The officer in charge of the commissariat and
transport department, or of the ordnance store
department. [Eng.]
(b) The commissary general of subsistence. [U. S.]
{Commissary general of subsistence} (Mil. U. S.), the head of
the subsistence department, who has charge of the purchase
and issue of provisions for the army.
Commissaryship \Com"mis*sa*ry*ship\, n.
The office or employment of a commissary. --Ayliffe.
Commission \Com*mis"sion\, n. [F., fr. L. commissio. See
{Commit}.]
1. The act of committing, doing, or performing; the act of
perpetrating.
Every commission of sin introduces into the soul a
certain degree of hardness. --South.
2. The act of intrusting; a charge; instructions as to how a
trust shall be executed.
3. The duty or employment intrusted to any person or persons;
a trust; a charge.
4. A formal written warrant or authority, granting certain
powers or privileges and authorizing or commanding the
performance of certain duties.
Let him see our commission. --Shak.
5. A certificate conferring military or naval rank and
authority; as, a colonel's commission.
6. A company of persons joined in the performance of some
duty or the execution of some trust; as, the interstate
commerce commission.
A commission was at once appointed to examine into
the matter. --Prescott.
7. (Com.)
(a) The acting under authority of, or on account of,
another.
(b) The thing to be done as agent for another; as, I have
three commissions for the city.
(c) The brokerage or allowance made to a factor or agent
for transacting business for another; as, a commission
of ten per cent on sales. See {Del credere}.
{Commission of array}. (Eng. Hist.) See under {Array}.
{Commission of bankruptcy}, a commission appointing and
empowering certain persons to examine into the facts
relative to an alleged bankruptcy, and to secure the
bankrupt's lands and effects for the creditors.
{Commission of lunacy}, a commission authorizing an inquiry
whether a person is a lunatic or not.
{Commission merchant}, one who buys or sells goods on
commission, as the agent of others, receiving a rate per
cent as his compensation.
{Commission, or Commissioned}, {officer} (Mil.), one who has
a commission, in distinction from a noncommissioned or
warrant officer.
{Commission of the peace}, a commission under the great seal,
constituting one or more persons justices of the peace.
[Eng.]
{To put a vessel into commission} (Naut.), to equip and man a
government vessel, and send it out on service after it has
been laid up; esp.,
the formal act of taking command of a vessel for service,
hoisting the flag, reading the orders, etc.
{To put a vessel out of commission} (Naut.), to detach the
officers and crew and retire it from active service,
temporarily or permanently.
{To put} {the great seal, or the Treasury}, {into
commission}, to place it in the hands of a commissioner or
commissioners during the abeyance of the ordinary
administration, as between the going out of one lord
keeper and the accession of another. [Eng.]
{The United States Christian Commission}, an organization
among the people of the North, during the Civil War, which
afforded material comforts to the Union soldiers, and
performed services of a religious character in the field
and in hospitals.
{The United States Sanitary Commission}, an organization
formed by the people of the North to co["o]perate with and
supplement the medical department of the Union armies
during the Civil War.
Syn: Charge; warrant; authority; mandate; office; trust;
employment.
Commission \Com*mis"sion\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Commissioned};
p. pr & vb. n. {Commissioning}.]
1. To give a commission to; to furnish with a commission; to
empower or authorize; as, to commission persons to perform
certain acts; to commission an officer.
2. To send out with a charge or commission.
A chosen band He first commissions to the Latian
land. --Dryden.
Syn: To appoint; depute; authorize; empower; delegate;
constitute; ordain.
Commissional \Com*mis"sion*al\, Commissionary
\Com*mis"sion*a*ry\a.
Of, pertaining to, or conferring, a commission; conferred by
a commission or warrant. [R.]
Delegate or commissionary authority. --Bp. Hall.
Commissionate \Com*mis"sion*ate\, v. t.
To commission [Obs.]
Commissioner \Com*mis"sion*er\, n.
1. A person who has a commission or warrant to perform some
office, or execute some business, for the government,
corporation, or person employing him; as, a commissioner
to take affidavits or to adjust claims.
To another address which requested that a commission
might be sent to examine into the state of things in
Ireland, William returned a gracious answer, and
desired the Commons to name the commissioners.
--Macaulay.
2. An officer having charge of some department or bureau of
the public service.
Herbert was first commissioner of the Admiralty.
--Macaulay.
The commissioner of patents, the commissioner of the
land office, the commissioner of Indian affairs, are
subordinates of the secretary of the interior.
--Bartlett.
{Commissioner of deeds}, an officer having authority to take
affidavits, depositions, acknowledgment of deeds, etc.,
for use in the State by which he is appointed. [U. S.]
{County commissioners}, certain administrative officers in
some of the States, invested by local laws with various
powers in reference to the roads, courthouses, financial
matters, etc., of the county. [U. S.]
Commissionnaire \Com*mis`sion*naire"\ (?; F. ?), n. [F., fr. L.
commissio.]
1. An agent or factor; a commission merchant.
2. One of a class of attendants, in some European cities, who
perform miscellaneous services for travelers.
Commissionship \Com*mis"sion*ship\, n.
The office of commissioner. --Sir W. Scott.
Commissive \Com*mis"sive\, a.
Relating to commission; of the nature of, or involving,
commission. [R.]
Commissural \Com*mis"su*ral\ (? or ?), a.
Of or pertaining to a commissure.
Commissure \Com*mis"sure\ (? or ?; 134-6), n. [L. commissura a
joining together: cf. F. commissure. See {Commit}.]
1. A joint, seam, or closure; the place where two bodies, or
parts of a body, meet and unite; an interstice, cleft, or
juncture.
2. (Anat. & Zo["o]l.)
(a) The point of union between two parts, as the angles of
the lips or eyelids, the mandibles of a bird, etc.
(b) A collection of fibers connecting parts of the brain
or spinal marrow; a chiasma.
3. (Bot.) The line of junction or cohering face of two
carpels, as in the parsnip, caraway, etc.
Commit \Com*mit"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Committed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Committing}.] [L. committere, commissum, to connect,
commit; com- + mittere to send. See {Mission}.]
1. To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to
intrust; to consign; -- used with to, unto.
Commit thy way unto the Lord. --Ps. xxxvii.
5.
Bid him farewell, commit him to the grave. --Shak.
2. To put in charge of a jailor; to imprison.
These two were committed. --Clarendon.
3. To do; to perpetrate, as a crime, sin, or fault.
Thou shalt not commit adultery. --Ex. xx. 14.
4. To join for a contest; to match; -- followed by with. [R.]
--Dr. H. More.
5. To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or endanger by
some decisive act or preliminary step; -- often used
reflexively; as, to commit one's self to a certain course.
You might have satisfied every duty of political
friendship, without commiting the honor of your
sovereign. --Junius.
Any sudden assent to the proposal . . . might
possibly be considered as committing the faith of
the United States. --Marshall.
6. To confound. [An obsolete Latinism.]
Committing short and long [quantities]. --Milton.
{To commit a bill} (Legislation), to refer or intrust it to a
committee or others, to be considered and reported.
{To commit to memory}, or {To commit}, to learn by heart; to
memorize.
Syn: {To Commit}, {Intrust}, {Consign}.
Usage: These words have in common the idea of transferring
from one's self to the care and custody of another.
Commit is the widest term, and may express only the
general idea of delivering into the charge of another;
as, to commit a lawsuit to the care of an attorney; or
it may have the special sense of intrusting with or
without limitations, as to a superior power, or to a
careful servant, or of consigning, as to writing or
paper, to the flames, or to prison. To intrust denotes
the act of committing to the exercise of confidence or
trust; as, to intrust a friend with the care of a
child, or with a secret. To consign is a more formal
act, and regards the thing transferred as placed
chiefly or wholly out of one's immediate control; as,
to consign a pupil to the charge of his instructor; to
consign goods to an agent for sale; to consign a work
to the press.
Commit \Com"mit\, v. i.
To sin; esp., to be incontinent. [Obs.]
Commit not with man's sworn spouse. --Shak.
Commitment \Com*mit"ment\, n.
1. The act of committing, or putting in charge, keeping, or
trust; consignment; esp., the act of committing to prison.
They were glad to compound for his bare commitment
to the Tower, whence he was within few days
enlarged. --Clarendon.
2. A warrant or order for the imprisonment of a person; --
more frequently termed a mittimus.
3. The act of referring or intrusting to a committee for
consideration and report; as, the commitment of a petition
or a bill.
4. A doing, or perpetration, in a bad sense, as of a crime or
blunder; commission.
5. The act of pledging or engaging; the act of exposing,
endangering, or compromising; also, the state of being
pledged or engaged. --Hamilton.
Committable \Com*mit"ta*ble\, a.
Capable of being committed.
Committal \Com*mit"tal\, n.
The act of committing, or the state of being committed;
commitment.
Committee \Com*mit"tee\, n. [Cf. OF. comit['e] company, and LL.
comitatus jurisdiction or territory of a count, county,
assize, army. The word was apparently influenced by the verb
commit, but not directly formed from it. Cf. {County}.]
One or more persons elected or appointed, to whom any matter
or business is referred, either by a legislative body, or by
a court, or by any collective body of men acting together.
{Committee of the whole [house]}, a committee, embracing all
the members present, into which a legislative or
deliberative body sometimes resolves itself, for the
purpose of considering a particular measure under the
operation of different rules from those governing the
general legislative proceedings. The committee of the
whole has its own chairman, and reports its action in the
form of recommendations.
{Standing committee}. See under {Standing}.
Committee \Com`mit*tee"\, n. [From {Commit}, v. t.] (Law)
One to whom the charge of the person or estate of another, as
of a lunatic, is committed by suitable authority; a guardian.
Committeeman \Com*mit"tee*man\, n.
A member of a committee.
Committer \Com*mit"ter\, n.
1. One who commits; one who does or perpetrates. --South.
2. A fornicator. [Obs.] --T. Decker.
Committible \Com*mit"ti*ble\, a.
Capable of being committed; liable to be committed. [R.]
--Sir T. Browne.
Commix \Com*mix"\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Commixed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Commixing}.] [Pref. com- + mix: cf. L. commixtus, p.
p. of commiscere. See {Mix}.]
To mix or mingle together; to blend.
The commixed impressions of all the colors do stir up
and beget a sensation of white. --Sir I.
Newton.
To commix With winds that sailors rail at. --Shak.
Commixion \Com*mix"ion\, n. [See {Commix}.]
Commixture. --Shak.
Commixtion \Com*mix"tion\ (?; 106), n. [L. commixtio.]
Commixture; mingling. [R.]
An exact commixtion of the ingredients. --Boyle.
Commixture \Com*mix"ture\ (?; 135), n. [L. commixtura.]
1. The act or process of mixing; the state of being mingled;
the blending of ingredients in one mass or compound.
In the commixture of anything that is more oily or
sweet, such bodies are least apt to putrefy.
--Bacon.
2. The mass formed by mingling different things; a compound;
a mixture. --Bacon.
Commodate \Com"mo*date\, n. [L. commodatum thing lent, loan.]
(Scots Law)
A gratuitous loan.
Commode \Com*mode"\, n. [F. commode, fr. commode convenient, L.
commodus; com- + modus measure, mode. See {Mode}.]
1. A kind of headdress formerly worn by ladies, raising the
hair and fore part of the cap to a great height.
Or under high commodes, with looks erect.
--Granville.
2. A piece of furniture, so named according to temporary
fashion; as:
(a) A chest of drawers or a bureau.
(b) A night stand with a compartment for holding a chamber
vessel.
(c) A kind of close stool.
(d) A movable sink or stand for a wash bowl, with closet.
Commodious \Com*mo"di*ous\, a. [LL. commodiosus, fr. L. commodum
convenience, fr. commodus. See {Commode}.]
Adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities;
serviceable; spacious and convenient; roomy and comfortable;
as, a commodious house. ``A commodious drab.'' --Shak.
``Commodious gold.'' --Pope.
The haven was not commodious to winter in. --Acts
xxvii. 12.
Syn: Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; advantageous;
serviceable; useful; spacious; comfortable.
Commodiously \Com*mo"di*ous*ly\, adv.
In a commodious manner.
To pass commodiously this life. --Milton.
Commodiousness \Com*mo"di*ous*ness\, n.
State of being commodious; suitableness for its purpose;
convenience; roominess.
Of cities, the greatness and riches increase according
to the commodiousness of their situation. --Sir W.
Temple.
The commodiousness of the harbor. --Johnson.
Commodity \Com*mod"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Commodities}. [F.
commodit['e], fr. L. commoditas. See {Commode}.]
1. Convenience; accommodation; profit; benefit; advantage;
interest; commodiousness. [Obs.]
Drawn by the commodity of a footpath. --B. Jonson.
Men may seek their own commodity, yet if this were
done with injury to others, it was not to be
suffered. --Hooker.
2. That which affords convenience, advantage, or profit,
especially in commerce, including everything movable that
is bought and sold (except animals), -- goods, wares,
merchandise, produce of land and manufactures, etc.
3. A parcel or quantity of goods. [Obs.]
A commodity of brown paper and old ginger. --Shak.
Commodore \Com"mo*dore`\, n. [Prob. a corruption of commander,
or Sp. comendador a knight of a military order who holds a
commandery; also a superior of a monastery, fr. LL.
commendare to command. Cf. {Commend}, {Command},
{Commander}.]
1. (U. S. Navy) An officer who ranks next above a captain;
sometimes, by courtesy, the senior captain of a squadron.
The rank of commodore corresponds with that of brigadier
general in the army.
2. (British Navy) A captain commanding a squadron, or a
division of a fleet, or having the temporary rank of rear
admiral.
3. A title given by courtesy to the senior captain of a line
of merchant vessels, and also to the chief officer of a
yachting or rowing club.
4. A familiar for the flagship, or for the principal vessel
of a squadron or fleet.
Common \Com"mon\, a. [Compar. {Commoner}; superl. {Commonest}.]
[OE. commun, comon, OF. comun, F. commun, fr. L. communis;
com- + munis ready to be of service; cf. Skr. mi to make
fast, set up, build, Goth. gamains common, G. gemein, and E.
mean low, common. Cf. {Immunity}, {Commune}, n. & v.]
1. Belonging or relating equally, or similarly, to more than
one; as, you and I have a common interest in the property.
Though life and sense be common to men and brutes.
--Sir M. Hale.
2. Belonging to or shared by, affecting or serving, all the
members of a class, considered together; general; public;
as, properties common to all plants; the common schools;
the Book of Common Prayer.
Such actions as the common good requireth. --Hooker.
The common enemy of man. --Shak.
3. Often met with; usual; frequent; customary.
Grief more than common grief. --Shak.
4. Not distinguished or exceptional; inconspicuous; ordinary;
plebeian; -- often in a depreciatory sense.
The honest, heart-felt enjoyment of common life.
--W. Irving.
This fact was infamous And ill beseeming any common
man, Much more a knight, a captain and a leader.
--Shak.
Above the vulgar flight of common souls. --A.
Murphy.
5. Profane; polluted. [Obs.]
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.
--Acts x. 15.
6. Given to habits of lewdness; prostitute.
A dame who herself was common. --L'Estrange.
{Common bar} (Law) Same as {Blank bar}, under {Blank}.
{Common barrator} (Law), one who makes a business of
instigating litigation.
{Common Bench}, a name sometimes given to the English Court
of Common Pleas.
{Common brawler} (Law), one addicted to public brawling and
quarreling. See {Brawler}.
{Common carrier} (Law), one who undertakes the office of
carrying (goods or persons) for hire. Such a carrier is
bound to carry in all cases when he has accommodation, and
when his fixed price is tendered, and he is liable for all
losses and injuries to the goods, except those which
happen in consequence of the act of God, or of the enemies
of the country, or of the owner of the property himself.
{Common chord} (Mus.), a chord consisting of the fundamental
tone, with its third and fifth.
{Common council}, the representative (legislative) body, or
the lower branch of the representative body, of a city or
other municipal corporation.
{Common crier}, the crier of a town or city.
{Common divisor} (Math.), a number or quantity that divides
two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder; a
common measure.
{Common gender} (Gram.), the gender comprising words that may
be of either the masculine or the feminine gender.
{Common law}, a system of jurisprudence developing under the
guidance of the courts so as to apply a consistent and
reasonable rule to each litigated case. It may be
superseded by statute, but unless superseded it controls.
--Wharton.
Note: It is by others defined as the unwritten law
(especially of England), the law that receives its
binding force from immemorial usage and universal
reception, as ascertained and expressed in the
judgments of the courts. This term is often used in
contradistinction from {statute law}. Many use it to
designate a law common to the whole country. It is also
used to designate the whole body of English (or other)
law, as distinguished from its subdivisions, local,
civil, admiralty, equity, etc. See {Law}.
{Common lawyer}, one versed in common law.
{Common lewdness} (Law), the habitual performance of lewd
acts in public.
{Common multiple} (Arith.) See under {Multiple}.
{Common noun} (Gram.), the name of any one of a class of
objects, as distinguished from a proper noun (the name of
a particular person or thing).
{Common nuisance} (Law), that which is deleterious to the
health or comfort or sense of decency of the community at
large.
{Common pleas}, one of the three superior courts of common
law at Westminster, presided over by a chief justice and
four puisne judges. Its jurisdiction is confined to civil
matters. Courts bearing this title exist in several of the
United States, having, however, in some cases, both civil
and criminal jurisdiction extending over the whole State.
In other States the jurisdiction of the common pleas is
limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a {county
court}. Its powers are generally defined by statute.
{Common prayer}, the liturgy of the Church of England, or of
the Protestant Episcopal church of the United States,
which all its clergy are enjoined to use. It is contained
in the Book of Common Prayer.
{Common school}, a school maintained at the public expense,
and open to all.
{Common scold} (Law), a woman addicted to scolding
indiscriminately, in public.
{Common seal}, a seal adopted and used by a corporation.
{Common sense}.
(a) A supposed sense which was held to be the common bond
of all the others. [Obs.] --Trench.
(b) Sound judgment. See under {Sense}.
{Common time} (Mus.), that variety of time in which the
measure consists of two or of four equal portions.
{In common}, equally with another, or with others; owned,
shared, or used, in community with others; affecting or
affected equally.
{Out of the common}, uncommon; extraordinary.
{Tenant in common}, one holding real or personal property in
common with others, having distinct but undivided
interests. See {Joint tenant}, under {Joint}.
{To make common cause with}, to join or ally one's self with.
Syn: General; public; popular; national; universal; frequent;
ordinary; customary; usual; familiar; habitual; vulgar;
mean; trite; stale; threadbare; commonplace. See
{Mutual}, {Ordinary}, {General}.
Common \Com"mon\, n.
1. The people; the community. [Obs.] ``The weal o' the
common.'' --Shak.
2. An inclosed or uninclosed tract of ground for pleasure,
for pasturage, etc., the use of which belongs to the
public; or to a number of persons.
3. (Law) The right of taking a profit in the land of another,
in common either with the owner or with other persons; --
so called from the community of interest which arises
between the claimant of the right and the owner of the
soil, or between the claimants and other commoners
entitled to the same right.
{Common appendant}, a right belonging to the owners or
occupiers of arable land to put commonable beasts upon the
waste land in the manor where they dwell.
{Common appurtenant}, a similar right applying to lands in
other manors, or extending to other beasts, besides those
which are generally commonable, as hogs.
{Common because of} {vicinage or neighborhood}, the right of
the inhabitants of each of two townships, lying contiguous
to each other, which have usually intercommoned with one
another, to let their beasts stray into the other's
fields. -
{Common} {in gross or at large}, a common annexed to a man's
person, being granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it
may be claimed by prescriptive right, as by a parson of a
church or other corporation sole. --Blackstone.
{Common of estovers}, the right of taking wood from another's
estate.
{Common of pasture}, the right of feeding beasts on the land
of another. --Burill.
{Common of piscary}, the right of fishing in waters belonging
to another.
{Common of turbary}, the right of digging turf upon the
ground of another.
Common \Com"mon\, v. i.
1. To converse together; to discourse; to confer. [Obs.]
Embassadors were sent upon both parts, and divers
means of entreaty were commoned of. --Grafton.
2. To participate. [Obs.] --Sir T. More.
3. To have a joint right with others in common ground.
--Johnson.
4. To board together; to eat at a table in common.
Commonable \Com"mon*a*ble\, a.
1. Held in common. ``Forests . . . and other commonable
places.'' --Bacon.
2. Allowed to pasture on public commons.
Commonable beasts are either beasts of the plow, or
such as manure the ground. --Blackstone.
Commonage \Com"mon*age\, n. [Cf. OF. communage.]
The right of pasturing on a common; the right of using
anything in common with others.
The claim of commonage . . . in most of the forests.
--Burke.
Commonalty \Com"mon*al*ty\, n.; pl. {Commonalties}. [OF.
communalt['e]; F. communaut['e], fr. communal. See
{Communal}.]
1. The common people; those classes and conditions of people
who are below the rank of nobility; the commons.
The commonalty, like the nobility, are divided into
several degrees. --Blackstone.
The ancient fare of our kings differed from that of
the commonalty in plenteousness only. --Landon.
2. The majority or bulk of mankind. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Commoner \Com"mon*er\, n.
1. One of the common people; one having no rank of nobility.
All below them [the peers] even their children, were
commoners, and in the eye of the law equal to each
other. --Hallam.
2. A member of the House of Commons.
3. One who has a joint right in common ground.
Much good land might be gained from forests . . .
and from other commonable places, so as always there
be a due care taken that the poor commoners have no
injury. --Bacon.
4. One sharing with another in anything. [Obs.] --Fuller.
5. A student in the university of Oxford, Eng., who is not
dependent on any foundation for support, but pays all
university charges; - - at Cambridge called a {pensioner}.
6. A prostitute. [Obs.] --Shak.
Commonish \Com"mon*ish\, a.
Somewhat common; commonplace; vulgar.
Commonition \Com`mo*ni"tion\, n. [L. commonitio. See
{Monition}.]
Advice; warning; instruction. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Commonitive \Com*mon"i*tive\, a.
Monitory. [Obs.]
Only commemorative and commonitive. --Bp. Hall.
Commonitory \Com*mon"i*to*ry\, a. [L. commonitorius.]
Calling to mind; giving admonition. [Obs.] --Foxe.
Commonly \Com"mon*ly\, adv.
1. Usually; generally; ordinarily; frequently; for the most
part; as, confirmed habits commonly continue through life.
2. In common; familiarly. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Commonness \Com"mon*ness\, n.
1. State or quality of being common or usual; as, the
commonness of sunlight.
2. Triteness; meanness.
Commonplace \Com"mon*place`\, a.
Common; ordinary; trite; as, a commonplace person, or
observation.
Commonplace \Com"mon*place`\, n.
1. An idea or expression wanting originality or interest; a
trite or customary remark; a platitude.
2. A memorandum; something to be frequently consulted or
referred to.
Whatever, in my reading, occurs concerning this our
fellow creature, I do never fail to set it down by
way of commonplace. --Swift.
{Commonplace book}, a book in which records are made of
things to be remembered.
Commonplace \Com"mon*place`\, v. t.
To enter in a commonplace book, or to reduce to general
heads. --Felton.
Commonplace \Com"mon*place`\, v. i.
To utter commonplaces; to indulge in platitudes. [Obs.]
--Bacon.
Commonplaceness \Com"mon*place`ness\, n.
The quality of being commonplace; commonness.
Commons \Com"mons\, n. pl.,
1. The mass of the people, as distinguished from the titled
classes or nobility; the commonalty; the common people.
[Eng.]
'T is like the commons, rude unpolished hinds, Could
send such message to their sovereign. --Shak.
The word commons in its present ordinary
signification comprises all the people who are under
the rank of peers. --Blackstone.
2. The House of Commons, or lower house of the British
Parliament, consisting of representatives elected by the
qualified voters of counties, boroughs, and universities.
It is agreed that the Commons were no part of the
great council till some ages after the Conquest.
--Hume.
3. Provisions; food; fare, -- as that provided at a common
table in colleges and universities.
Their commons, though but coarse, were nothing
scant. --Dryden.
4. A club or association for boarding at a common table, as
in a college, the members sharing the expenses equally;
as, to board in commons.
5. A common; public pasture ground.
To shake his ears, and graze in commons. --Shak.
{Doctors' Commons}, a place near St. Paul's Churchyard in
London where the doctors of civil law used to common
together, and where were the ecclesiastical and admiralty
courts and offices having jurisdiction of marriage
licenses, divorces, registration of wills, etc.
{To be on short commons}, to have a small allowance of food.
[Colloq.]
Common sense \Com"mon sense"\
See {Common sense}, under {Sense}.
Commonty \Com"mon*ty\, n. (Scots Law)
A common; a piece of land in which two or more persons have a
common right. --Bell.
Commonweal \Com"mon*weal"\, n. [Common + weal.]
Commonwealth.
Such a prince, So kind a father of the commonweal.
--Shak.
Commonwealth \Com"mon*wealth`\ (?; 277), n. [Common + wealth
well-being.]
1. A state; a body politic consisting of a certain number of
men, united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one form
of government and system of laws.
The trappings of a monarchy would set up an ordinary
commonwealth. --Milton.
Note: This term is applied to governments which are
considered as free or popular, but rarely, or
improperly, to an absolute government. The word
signifies, strictly, the common well-being or
happiness; and hence, a form of government in which the
general welfare is regarded rather than the welfare of
any class.
2. The whole body of people in a state; the public.
3. (Eng. Hist.) Specifically, the form of government
established on the death of Charles I., in 1649, which
existed under Oliver Cromwell and his son Richard, ending
with the abdication of the latter in 1659.
Syn: State; realm; republic.
Commorance \Com"mo*rance\, n.
See {Commorancy}.
Commorancy \Com"mo*ran*cy\, n.
1. (Law) A dwelling or ordinary residence in a place;
habitation.
Commorancy consists in usually lying there.
--Blackstone.
2. (Am. Law) Residence temporarily, or for a short time.
Commorant \Com"mo*rant\, n. [L. commorans, p. pr. of commorari
to abide; com- + morari to delay.]
1. (Law) Ordinarily residing; inhabiting.
All freeholders within the precinct . . . and all
persons commorant therein. --Blackstone.
2. (Am. Law) Inhabiting or occupying temporarily.
Commorant \Com"mo*rant\, n.
A resident. --Bp. Hacket.
Commoration \Com`mo*ra"tion\, n. [L. commoratio.]
The act of staying or residing in a place. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Commorient \Com*mo"ri*ent\, a. [L. commoriens, p. pr. of
commoriri.]
Dying together or at the same time. [R.] --Sir G. Buck.
Commorse \Com*morse"\, n. [L. commorsus, p. p. of commordere to
bite sharply.]
Remorse. [Obs.] ``With sad commorse.'' --Daniel.
Commote \Com*mote"\, v. t. [See {Commove}.]
To commove; to disturb; to stir up. [R.]
Society being more or less commoted and made
uncomfortable. --Hawthorne.
Commotion \Com*mo"tion\, n. [L. commotio: cf. F. commotion. See
{Motion}.]
1. Disturbed or violent motion; agitation.
[What] commotion in the winds ! --Shak.
2. A popular tumult; public disturbance; riot.
When ye shall hear of wars and commotions. --Luke
xxi. 9.
3. Agitation, perturbation, or disorder, of mind; heat;
excitement. ``He could not debate anything without some
commotion.'' --Clarendon.
Syn: Excitement; agitation; perturbation; disturbance;
tumult; disorder; violence.
Commove \Com*move"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Commoved}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Commoving}.] [L. commovere, commotum; com- + movere
to move.]
1. To urge; to persuade; to incite. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. To put in motion; to disturb; to unsettle. [R.]
Straight the sands, Commoved around, in gathering
eddies play. --Thomson.
Communal \Com"mu*nal\ (? or ?), a. [Cf. F. communal.]
Pertaining to a commune.
Communalism \Com"mu*nal*ism\, n.
A French theory of government which holds that commune should
be a kind of independent state, and the national government a
confederation of such states, having only limited powers. It
is advocated by advanced French republicans; but it should
not be confounded with communism.
Communalist \Com"mu*nal*ist\, n. [Cf. F. communaliste.]
An advocate of communalism.
Communalistic \Com`mu*nal*is"tic\, a.
Pertaining to communalism.
Commune \Com*mune"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Communed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Communing}.] [OF. communier, fr. L. communicare to
communicate, fr. communis common. See {Common}, and cf.
{Communicate}.]
1. To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to
interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.
I would commune with you of such things That want no
ear but yours. --Shak.
2. To receive the communion; to partake of the eucharist or
Lord's supper.
To commune under both kinds. --Bp. Burnet.
{To commune with one's self} or {one's heart}, to think; to
reflect; to meditate.
Commune \Com"mune\, n.
Communion; sympathetic intercourse or conversation between
friends.
For days of happy commune dead. --Tennyson.
Commune \Com"mune\, n. [F., fr. commun. See {Common}.]
1. The commonalty; the common people. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
In this struggle -- to use the technical words of
the time -- of the ``commune'', the general mass of
the inhabitants, against the ``prudhommes'' or
``wiser'' few. --J. R. Green.
2. A small territorial district in France under the
government of a mayor and municipal council; also, the
inhabitants, or the government, of such a district. See
{Arrondissement}.
3. Absolute municipal self-government.
{The Commune of Paris}, or {The Commune}
(a) The government established in Paris (1792-94) by a
usurpation of supreme power on the part of
representatives chosen by the communes; the period of
its continuance is known as the ``Reign of Terror.''
(b) The revolutionary government, modeled on the commune
of 1792, which the communists, so called, attempted to
establish in 1871.
Communicability \Com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F.
communicabilit['e].]
The quality of being communicable; capability of being
imparted.
Communicable \Com*mu"ni*ca*ble\, a. [Cf. F. communicable, LL.
communicabilis.]
1. Capable of being communicated, or imparted; as, a
communicable disease; communicable knowledge.
2. Communicative; free-speaking. [Obs.] --B. Jonson. --
{Com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness}, n. -- {Com*mu"ni*ca"bly}, adv.
Communicant \Com*mu"ni*cant\, n. [L. communicans, p. pr.]
1. One who partakes of, or is entitled to partake of, the
sacrament of the Lord's supper; a church member.
A never-failing monthly communicant. --Atterbury.
2. One who communicates. --Foxe.
Communicant \Com*mu"ni*cant\, a.
Communicating. [R.] --Coleridge.
Communicate \Com*mu"ni*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Communicated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Communicating}.] [L.
communicatus, p. p. of communicare to communicate, fr.
communis common. See {Commune}, v. i.]
1. To share in common; to participate in. [Obs.]
To thousands that communicate our loss. --B. Jonson
2. To impart; to bestow; to convey; as, to communicate a
disease or a sensation; to communicate motion by means of
a crank.
Where God is worshiped, there he communicates his
blessings and holy influences. --Jer. Taylor.
3. To make known; to recount; to give; to impart; as, to
communicate information to any one.
4. To administer the communion to. [R.]
She [the church] . . . may communicate him. --Jer.
Taylor.
Note: This verb was formerly followed by with before the
person receiving, but now usually takes to after it.
He communicated those thoughts only with the Lord
Digby. --Clarendon.
Syn: To impart; bestow; confer; reveal; disclose; tell;
announce; recount; make known.
Usage: To {Communicate}, {Impart}, {Reveal}. Communicate is
the more general term, and denotes the allowing of
others to partake or enjoy in common with ourselves.
Impart is more specific. It is giving to others a part
of what we had held as our own, or making them our
partners; as, to impart our feelings; to impart of our
property, etc. Hence there is something more intimate
in imparting intelligence than in communicating it. To
reveal is to disclose something hidden or concealed;
as, to reveal a secret.
Communicate \Com*mu"ni*cate\, v. i.
1. To share or participate; to possess or enjoy in common; to
have sympathy.
Ye did communicate with my affliction. --Philip. iv.
4.
2. To give alms, sympathy, or aid.
To do good and to communicate forget not. --Heb.
xiii. 16.
3. To have intercourse or to be the means of intercourse; as,
to communicate with another on business; to be connected;
as, a communicating artery.
Subjects suffered to communicate and to have
intercourse of traffic. --Hakluyt.
The whole body is nothing but a system of such
canals, which all communicate with one another.
--Arbuthnot.
4. To partake of the Lord's supper; to commune.
The primitive Christians communicated every day.
--Jer. Taylor.
Communication \Com*mu`ni*ca"tion\, n. [L. communicatio.]
1. The act or fact of communicating; as, communication of
smallpox; communication of a secret.
2. Intercourse by words, letters, or messages; interchange of
thoughts or opinions, by conference or other means;
conference; correspondence.
Argument . . . and friendly communication. --Shak.
3. Association; company.
Evil communications corrupt good manners. --1 Cor.
xv. 33.
4. Means of communicating; means of passing from place to
place; a connecting passage; connection.
The Euxine Sea is conveniently situated for trade,
by the communication it has both with Asia and
Europe. --Arbuthnot.
5. That which is communicated or imparted; intelligence;
news; a verbal or written message.
6. Participation in the Lord's supper. --Bp. Pearson.
7. (Rhet.) A trope, by which a speaker assumes that his
hearer is a partner in his sentiments, and says we,
instead of I or you. --Beattie.
Syn: Correspondence; conference; intercourse.
Communicative \Com*mu"ni*ca*tive\, a. [Cf. F. Communicatif, LL.
communicativus.]
Inclined to communicate; ready to impart to others.
Determine, for the future, to be less communicative.
--Swift.
Communicativeness \Com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness\, n.
The quality of being communicative. --Norris.
Communicator \Com*mu"ni*ca`tor\, n. [L.]
One who communicates. --Boyle.
Communicatory \Com*mu"ni*ca"to*ry\, a. [LL. communicatorius.]
Imparting knowledge or information.
Canonical and communicatory letters. --Barrow.
Communion \Com*mun"ion\, n. [L. communio: cf. F. communion. See
{Common}.]
1. The act of sharing; community; participation. ``This
communion of goods.'' --Blackstone.
2. Intercourse between two or more persons; esp., intimate
association and intercourse implying sympathy and
confidence; interchange of thoughts, purposes, etc.;
agreement; fellowship; as, the communion of saints.
We are naturally induced to seek communion and
fellowship with others. --Hooker.
What communion hath light with darkness? --2 Cor.
vi. 14.
Bare communion with a good church can never alone
make a good man. --South.
3. A body of Christians having one common faith and
discipline; as, the Presbyterian communion.
4. The sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration of the
Lord's supper; the act of partaking of the sacrament; as,
to go to communion; to partake of the communion.
{Close communion}. See under {Close}, a.
{Communion elements}, the bread and wine used in the
celebration of the Lord's supper.
{Communion service}, the celebration of the Lord's supper, or
the office or service therefor.
{Communion table}, the table upon which the elements are
placed at the celebration of the Lord's supper.
{Communion in both kinds}, participation in both the bread
and wine by all communicants.
{Communion in one kind}, participation in but one element, as
in the Roman Catholic Church, where the laity partake of
the bread only.
Syn: Share; participation; fellowship; converse; intercourse;
unity; concord; agreement.
Communism \Com"mu*nism\, n. [F. communisme, fr. commun common.]
A scheme of equalizing the social conditions of life;
specifically, a scheme which contemplates the abolition of
inequalities in the possession of property, as by
distributing all wealth equally to all, or by holding all
wealth in common for the equal use and advantage of all.
Note: At different times, and in different countries, various
schemes pertaining to socialism in government and the
conditions of domestic life, as well as in the
distribution of wealth, have been called communism.
Communist \Com"mu*nist\, n. [F. communiste.]
1. An advocate for the theory or practice of communism.
2. A supporter of the commune of Paris.
Communistic \Com`mu*nis"tic\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to communism or communists; as,
communistic theories.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Living or having their nests in common, as
certain birds.
Community \Com*mu"ni*ty\, n.; pl. {Communities}. [L. communitas:
cf. OF. communit['e]. Cf. {Commonalty}, and see {Common}.]
1. Common possession or enjoyment; participation; as, a
community of goods.
The original community of all things. --Locke.
An unreserved community of thought and feeling. --W.
Irving.
2. A body of people having common rights, privileges, or
interests, or living in the same place under the same laws
and regulations; as, a community of monks. Hence a number
of animals living in a common home or with some apparent
association of interests.
Creatures that in communities exist. --Wordsworth.
3. Society at large; a commonwealth or state; a body politic;
the public, or people in general.
Burdens upon the poorer classes of the community.
--Hallam.
Note: In this sense, the term should be used with the
definite article; as, the interests of the community.
4. Common character; likeness. [R.]
The essential community of nature between organic
growth and inorganic growth. --H. Spencer.
5. Commonness; frequency. [Obs.]
Eyes . . . sick and blunted with community. --Shak.
Commutability \Com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being commutable.
Commutable \Com*mut"a*ble\, a. [L. commutabilis.]
Capable of being commuted or interchanged.
The predicate and subject are not commutable.
--Whately.
Commutableness \Com*mut"a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being commutable; interchangeableness.
Commutation \Com`mu*ta"tion\, n. [L. commutatio: cf. F.
commutation.]
1. A passing from one state to another; change; alteration;
mutation. [R.]
So great is the commutation that the soul then hated
only that which now only it loves. --South.
2. The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange.
[Obs.]
The use of money is . . . that of saving the
commutation of more bulky commodities. --Arbuthnot.
3. (Law) The change of a penalty or punishment by the
pardoning power of the State; as, the commutation of a
sentence of death to banishment or imprisonment.
Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for
money agreed to be given as a commutation for
penance. --Blackstone.
4. A substitution, as of a less thing for a greater, esp. a
substitution of one form of payment for another, or one
payment for many, or a specific sum of money for
conditional payments or allowances; as, commutation of
tithes; commutation of fares; commutation of copyright;
commutation of rations.
{Angle of commutation} (Astron.), the difference of the
geocentric longitudes of the sun and a planet.
{Commutation of tithes}, the substitution of a regular
payment, chargeable to the land, for the annual tithes in
kind.
{Commutation ticket}, a ticket, as for transportation, which
is the evidence of a contract for service at a reduced
rate. See 2d {Commute}, 2.
Commutative \Com*mut"a*tive\, a. [CF. F. commutatif.]
Relative to exchange; interchangeable; reciprocal. --
{Com*mut"a*tive"ly}, adv.
Rich traders, from their success, are presumed . . . to
have cultivated an habitual regard to commutative
justice. --Burke.
Commutator \Com"mu*ta`tor\, n. (Elec.)
A piece of apparatus used for reversing the direction of an
electrical current; an attachment to certain electrical
machines, by means of which alternating currents are made to
be continuous or to have the same direction.
Commute \Com*mute"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Commuted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Commuting}.] [L. commutare, -mutatum; com- + mutare
to change. See {Mutation}.]
To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of,
as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater,
or a single thing for an aggregate; hence, to lessen; to
diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one of
imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to commute charges
for fares.
The sounds water and fire, being once annexed to those
two elements, it was certainly more natural to call
beings participating of the first ``watery'', and the
last ``fiery'', than to commute the terms, and call
them by the reverse. --J. Harris
The utmost that could be obtained was that her sentence
should be commuted from burning to beheading.
--Macaulay.
Commute \Com*mute"\, v. i.
1. To obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; to
effect a commutation.
He . . . thinks it unlawful to commute, and that he
is bound to pay his vow in kind. --Jer. Taylor.
2. To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by
part; as, to commute for a year's travel over a route.
Commuter \Com*mut"er\, n.
One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.
Commutual \Com*mu"tu*al\ (?; 135), a. [Pref. com- + mutual.]
Mutual; reciprocal; united. [R.]
There, with commutual zeal, we both had strove. --Pope.
Comose \Co"mose\ (k[=o]"m[=o]s or k[-o]*m[=o]s"), a. [L. comosus
hairy, from coma hair.] (Bot.)
Bearing a tuft of soft hairs or down, as the seeds of
milkweed. --Gray.
Compact \Com*pact"\ (k[o^]m*p[a^]kt"), p. p. & a [L. compactus,
p. p. of compingere to join or unite; com- + pangere to
fasten, fix: cf. F. compacte. See {Pact}.]
1. Joined or held together; leagued; confederated. [Obs.]
``Compact with her that's gone.'' --Shak.
A pipe of seven reeds, compact with wax together.
--Peacham.
2. Composed or made; -- with of. [Poetic]
A wandering fire, Compact of unctuous vapor.
--Milton.
3. Closely or firmly united, as the particles of solid
bodies; firm; close; solid; dense.
Glass, crystal, gems, and other compact bodies.
--Sir I.
Newton.
4. Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; as, a
compact discourse.
Syn: Firm; close; solid; dense; pithy; sententious.
Compact \Com*pact"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Compacted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Compacting}.]
1. To thrust, drive, or press closely together; to join
firmly; to consolidate; to make close; -- as the parts
which compose a body.
Now the bright sun compacts the precious stone.
--Blackstone.
2. To unite or connect firmly, as in a system.
The whole body fitly joined together and compacted
by that which every joint supplieth. --Eph. iv. 16.
Compact \Com"pact\, n. [L. compactum, fr. compacisci, p. p.
compactus, to make an agreement with; com- + pacisci to make
an agreement. See {Pact}.]
An agreement between parties; a covenant or contract.
The law of nations depends on mutual compacts,
treaties, leagues, etc. --Blackstone.
Wedlock is described as the indissoluble compact.
--Macaulay.
The federal constitution has been styled a compact
between the States by which it was ratified. --Wharton.
Syn: See {Covenant}.
Compacted \Com*pact"ed\, a.
Compact; pressed close; concentrated; firmly united.
Compactedly \Com*pact"ed*ly\, adv.
In a compact manner.
Compactedness \Com*pact"ed*ness\, n.
A state of being compact.
Compacter \Com*pact"er\, n.
One who makes a compact.
Compactible \Com*pact"i*ble\, a.
That may be compacted.
Compaction \Com*pac"tion\, n. [L. compactio.]
The act of making compact, or the state of being compact.
[Obs.] --Bacon.
Compactly \Com*pact"ly\, adv.
In a compact manner; with close union of parts; densely;
tersely.
Compactness \Com*pact"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being compact; close union of parts;
density.
Compacture \Com*pac"ture\ (?; 135), n. [L. compactura.]
Close union or connection of parts; manner of joining;
construction. [Obs.] ``With comely compass and compacture
strong.'' --Spenser.
Compages \Com*pa"ges\, n. sing & pl. [L., fr. compingere. See
{Compact}, v. t.]
A system or structure of many parts united.
A regular compages of pipes and vessels. --Ray.
Compaginate \Com*pag"i*nate\, v. t. [L. compaginare,
compaginatum.]
To unite or hold together; as, the side pieces compaginate
the frame. [Obs.] --W. Montagu.
Compagination \Com*pag`i*na"tion\, n. [L. compaginatio.]
Union of parts; structure. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Companable \Com"pa*na*ble\, a. [OF. compaignable.]
Companionable; sociable. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Companator \Com"pa*na`tor\, n. [LL. companatores, pl.] (Eccl.)
Same as {Impanator}.
Companiable \Com*pan"i*a*ble\, a.
Companionable; sociable. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Companion \Com*pan"ion\, n. [F. compagnon, OF. compaing, fr. an
assumed LL. companio (cf. companium fellowship, a mess), fr.
L. com- + panis bread. See {Pantry}.]
1. One who accompanies or is in company with another for a
longer or shorter period, either from choice or casually;
one who is much in the company of, or is associated with,
another or others; an associate; a comrade; a consort; a
partner.
The companions of his fall. --Milton.
The companion of fools shall smart for it. --Prov.
xiii. 20 (Rev.
Ver.).
Here are your sons again; and I must lose Two of the
sweetest companions in the world. --Shak.
A companion is one with whom we share our bread; a
messmate. --Trench.
2. A knight of the lowest rank in certain orders; as, a
companion of the Bath.
3. A fellow; -- in contempt. [Obs.] --Shak.
4. [Cf. OSp. compa[~n]a an outhouse, office.] (Naut.)
(a) A skylight on an upper deck with frames and sashes of
various shapes, to admit light to a cabin or lower
deck.
(b) A wooden hood or penthouse covering the companion way;
a companion hatch.
{Companion hatch} (Naut.), a wooden porch over the entrance
or staircase of the cabin.
{Companion ladder} (Naut.), the ladder by which officers
ascend to, or descend from, the quarter-deck. --Totten.
{Companion way} (Naut.), a staircase leading to the cabin.
{Knights companions}, in certain honorary orders, the members
of the lowest grades as distinguished from knights
commanders, knights grand cross, and the like.
Syn: Associate; comrade; mate; compeer; partner; ally;
confederate; coadjutor; accomplice.
Companion \Com*pan"ion\, v. t.
1. To be a companion to; to attend on; to accompany. [R.]
--Ruskin.
2. To qualify as a companion; to make equal. [Obs.]
Companion me with my mistress. --Shak.
Companionable \Com*pan"ion*a*ble\, a.
Fitted to be a companion; fit for good fellowship; agreeable;
sociable. ``Each companionable guest.'' --Mallett.
``Companionable wit.'' --Clarendon. --
{Com*pan"ion*a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Com*pan"ion*a*bly}, adv.
Companionless \Com*pan"ion*less\, a.
Without a companion.
Companionship \Com*pan"ion*ship\, n.
Fellowship; association; the act or fact of keeping company
with any one. --Shak.
He never seemed to avail himself of my sympathy other
than by mere companionship. --W. Irwing
Company \Com"pa*ny\, n.; pl. {Companies}. [F. compagnie, fr. OF.
compaing. See {Companion}.]
1. The state of being a companion or companions; the act of
accompanying; fellowship; companionship; society; friendly
intercourse. --Shak.
Evil company doth corrupt good manners. --1 Cor. xv.
33. (Rev.
Ver.).
Brethren, farewell: your company along I will not
wish. --Milton.
2. A companion or companions.
To thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome.
--Shak.
3. An assemblage or association of persons, either permanent
or transient.
Thou shalt meet a company of prophets. --1 Sam. x.
5.
4. Guests or visitors, in distinction from the members of a
family; as, to invite company to dine.
5. Society, in general; people assembled for social
intercourse.
Nature has left every man a capacity of being
agreeable, though not of shining in company.
--Swift.
6. An association of persons for the purpose of carrying on
some enterprise or business; a corporation; a firm; as,
the East India Company; an insurance company; a
joint-stock company.
7. Partners in a firm whose names are not mentioned in its
style or title; -- often abbreviated in writing; as,
Hottinguer & Co.
8. (Mil.) A subdivision of a regiment of troops under the
command of a captain, numbering in the United States (full
strength) 100 men.
9. (Naut.) The crew of a ship, including the officers; as, a
whole ship's company.
10. The body of actors employed in a theater or in the
production of a play.
{To keep company with}. See under {Keep}, v. t.
Syn: Assemblage; assembly; society; group; circle; crowd;
troop; crew; gang; corporation; association; fraternity;
guild; partnership; copartnery; union; club; party;
gathering.
Company \Com"pa*ny\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Companied}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Companying}.]
To accompany or go with; to be companion to. [Obs.]
Company \Com"pa*ny\, v. i.
1. To associate.
Men which have companied with us all the time.
--Acts i. 21.
2. To be a gay companion. [Obs.] --Spenser.
3. To have sexual commerce. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Comparable \Com"pa*ra*ble\, a. [L. comparabilis: cf. F.
comparable.]
Capable of being compared; worthy of comparison.
There is no blessing of life comparable to the
enjoyment of a discreet and virtuous friend. --Addison.
-- {Com"pa*ra*ble*ness}, n. -- {Com"pa*ra*bly}, adv.
Comparate \Com"pa*rate\, n. [L. comparatum, fr. comparatus, p.
p. of comparare. See 1st {Compare}.] (Logic)
One of two things compared together.
Comparation \Com`pa*ra"tion\, n. [L. comparatio. See {Compare}
to get.]
A making ready; provision. [Obs.]
Comparative \Com*par"a*tive\, a. [L. comparativus: cf. F.
comparatif.]
1. Of or pertaining to comparison. ``The comparative
faculty.'' --Glanvill.
2. Proceeding from, or by the method of, comparison; as, the
comparative sciences; the comparative anatomy.
3. Estimated by comparison; relative; not positive or
absolute, as compared with another thing or state.
The recurrence of comparative warmth and cold.
--Whewell.
The bubble, by reason of its comparative levity to
the fluid that incloses it, would necessarily ascend
to the top. --Bentley.
4. (Gram.) Expressing a degree greater or less than the
positive degree of the quality denoted by an adjective or
adverb. The comparative degree is formed from the positive
by the use of -er, more, or less; as, brighter, more
bright, or less bright.
{Comparative sciences}, those which are based on a
comprehensive comparison of the range of objects or facts
in any branch or department, and which aim to study out
and treat of the fundamental laws or systems of relation
pervading them; as, {comparative anatomy}, {comparative
physiology}, {comparative philology}.
Comparative \Com*par"a*tive\, n. (Gram.)
The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, the
form by which the comparative degree is expressed; as,
stronger, wiser, weaker, more stormy, less windy, are all
comparatives.
In comparatives is expressed a relation of two; as in
superlatives there is a relation of many. --Angus.
2. An equal; a rival; a compeer. [Obs.]
Gerard ever was His full comparative. --Beau. & Fl.
3. One who makes comparisons; one who affects wit. [Obs.]
``Every beardless vain comparative.'' --Shak.
Comparatively \Com*par"a*tive*ly\, adv.
According to estimate made by comparison; relatively; not
positively or absolutely.
With but comparatively few exceptions. --Prescott.
Comparator \Com"pa*ra`tor\ (? or ?), n. [L., a comparer.]
(Physics)
An instrument or machine for comparing anything to be
measured with a standard measure; -- applied especially to a
machine for comparing standards of length.
Compare \Com*pare"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Compared}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Comparing}.] [L. comparare, fr. compar like or equal
to another; com- + par equal: cf. F. comparer. See {Pair},
{Peer} an equal, and cf. {Compeer}.]
1. To examine the character or qualities of, as of two or
more persons or things, for the purpose of discovering
their resemblances or differences; to bring into
comparison; to regard with discriminating attention.
Compare dead happiness with living woe. --Shak.
The place he found beyond expression bright,
Compared with aught on earth. --Milton.
Compare our faces and be judge yourself. --Shak.
To compare great things with small. --Milton.
2. To represent as similar, for the purpose of illustration;
to liken.
Solon compared the people unto the sea, and orators
and counselors to the winds; for that the sea would
be calm and quiet if the winds did not trouble it.
--Bacon.
3. (Gram.) To inflect according to the degrees of comparison;
to state positive, comparative, and superlative forms of;
as, most adjectives of one syllable are compared by
affixing ``- er'' and ``-est'' to the positive form; as,
black, blacker, blackest; those of more than one syllable
are usually compared by prefixing ``more'' and ``most'',
or ``less'' and ``least'', to the positive; as, beautiful,
more beautiful, most beautiful.
Syn: To {Compare}, {Compare with}, {Compare to}.
Usage: Things are compared with each other in order to learn
their relative value or excellence. Thus we compare
Cicero with Demosthenes, for the sake of deciding
which was the greater orator. One thing is compared to
another because of a real or fanciful likeness or
similarity which exists between them. Thus it has been
common to compare the eloquence of Demosthenes to a
thunderbolt, on account of its force, and the
eloquence of Cicero to a conflagration, on account of
its splendor. Burke compares the parks of London to
the lungs of the human body.
Compare \Com*pare"\, v. i.
1. To be like or equal; to admit, or be worthy of,
comparison; as, his later work does not compare with his
earlier.
I should compare with him in excellence. --Shak.
2. To vie; to assume a likeness or equality.
Shall pack horses . . . compare with C[ae]sars?
--Shak.
Compare \Com*pare"\, n.
1. Comparison. [Archaic]
His mighty champion, strong beyond compare.
--Milton.
Their small galleys may not hold compare With our
tall ships. --Waller.
2. Illustration by comparison; simile. [Obs.]
Rhymes full of protest, of oath, and big compare.
--Shak.
{Beyond compare}. See {Beyond comparison}, under
{Comparison}.
Compare \Com*pare"\, v. t. [L. comparare to prepare, procure;
com- + parare. See {Prepare}, {Parade}.]
To get; to procure; to obtain; to acquire [Obs.]
To fill his bags, and richesse to compare. --Spenser.
Comparer \Com*par"er\, n.
One who compares.
Comparison \Com*par"i*son\ (? or ?), n. [F. comparaison, L.
comparatio. See 1st {Compare}.]
1. The act of comparing; an examination of two or more
objects with the view of discovering the resemblances or
differences; relative estimate.
As sharp legal practitioners, no class of human
beings can bear comparison with them. --Macaulay.
The miracles of our Lord and those of the Old
Testament afford many interesting points of
comparison. --Trench.
2. The state of being compared; a relative estimate; also, a
state, quality, or relation, admitting of being compared;
as, to bring a thing into comparison with another; there
is no comparison between them.
3. That to which, or with which, a thing is compared, as
being equal or like; illustration; similitude.
Whereto shall we liken the kingdom of God? Or with
what comparison shall we compare it? --Mark iv. 30.
4. (Gram.) The modification, by inflection or otherwise,
which the adjective and adverb undergo to denote degrees
of quality or quantity; as, little, less, least, are
examples of comparison.
5. (Rhet.) A figure by which one person or thing is compared
to another, or the two are considered with regard to some
property or quality, which is common to them both; e.g.,
the lake sparkled like a jewel.
6. (Phren.) The faculty of the reflective group which is
supposed to perceive resemblances and contrasts.
{Beyond comparison}, so far superior as to have no likeness,
or so as to make comparison needless.
{In comparison of}, {In comparison with}, as compared with;
in proportion to. [Archaic] ``So miserably unpeopled in
comparison of what it once was.'' --Addison.
{Comparison of hands} (Law), a mode of proving or disproving
the genuineness of a signature or writing by comparing it
with another proved or admitted to be genuine, in order to
ascertain whether both were written by the same person.
--Bouvier. --Burrill.
Comparison \Com*par"i*son\, v. t.
To compare. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Compart \Com*part"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Comparted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Comparting}.] [L. compartiri; com- + partiri, partire
to share, pars, partis, part, share: cf. OF. compartir. See
{Part}, v. t.]
To divide; to mark out into parts or subdivisions. [R.]
The crystal surface is comparted all In niches verged
with rubies. --Glover.
Compartition \Com`par*ti"tion\, n. [LL. compartitio.]
The act of dividing into parts or compartments; division;
also, a division or compartment. [Obs.]
Their temples . . . needed no compartitions. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Compartment \Com*part"ment\, n. [F. compartiment, OF. compartir
to divide. See {Compart}.]
1. One of the parts into which an inclosed portion of space
is divided, as by partitions, or lines; as, the
compartments of a cabinet, a house, or a garden.
In the midst was placed a large compartment composed
of grotesque work. --Carew.
2. (Shipbuilding) One of the sections into which the hold of
a ship is divided by water-tight bulkheads.
Compartner \Com*part"ner\, n.
See {Copartner}. [Obs.]
Compass \Com"pass\, n. [F. compas, fr. LL. compassus circle,
prop., a stepping together; com- + passus pace, step. See
{Pace}, {Pass}.]
1. A passing round; circuit; circuitous course.
They fetched a compass of seven day's journey. --2
Kings iii. 9.
This day I breathed first; time is come round, And
where I did begin, there shall I end; My life is run
his compass. --Shak.
2. An inclosing limit; boundary; circumference; as, within
the compass of an encircling wall.
3. An inclosed space; an area; extent.
Their wisdom . . . lies in a very narrow compass.
--Addison.
4. Extent; reach; sweep; capacity; sphere; as, the compass of
his eye; the compass of imagination.
The compass of his argument. --Wordsworth.
5. Moderate bounds, limits of truth; moderation; due limits;
-- used with within.
In two hundred years before (I speak within
compass), no such commission had been executed.
--Sir J.
Davies.
6. (Mus.) The range of notes, or tones, within the capacity
of a voice or instrument.
You would sound me from my lowest note to the top of
my compass. --Shak.
7. An instrument for determining directions upon the earth's
surface by means of a magnetized bar or needle turning
freely upon a pivot and pointing in a northerly and
southerly direction.
He that first discovered the use of the compass did
more for the supplying and increase of useful
commodities than those who built workhouses.
--Locke.
8. A pair of compasses. [R.] See {Compasses.}.
To fix one foot of their compass wherever they
please. --Swift.
9. A circle; a continent. [Obs.]
The tryne compas [the threefold world containing
earth, sea, and heaven. --Skeat.] --Chaucer.
{Azimuth compass}. See under {Azimuth}.
{Beam compass}. See under {Beam}.
{Compass card}, the circular card attached to the needles of
a mariner's compass, on which are marked the thirty-two
points or rhumbs.
{Compass dial}, a small pocket compass fitted with a sundial
to tell the hour of the day.
{Compass plane} (Carp.), a plane, convex in the direction of
its length on the under side, for smoothing the concave
faces of curved woodwork.
{Compass plant}, {Compass flower} (Bot.), a plant of the
American prairies ({Silphium laciniatum}), not unlike a
small sunflower; rosinweed. Its lower and root leaves are
vertical, and on the prairies are disposed to present
their edges north and south.
Its leaves are turned to the north as true as the
magnet: This is the compass flower. --Longefellow.
{Compass saw}, a saw with a narrow blade, which will cut in a
curve; -- called also {fret saw} and {keyhole saw}.
{Compass timber} (Shipbuilding), curved or crooked timber.
{Compass window} (Arch.), a circular bay window or oriel
window.
{Mariner's compass}, a kind of compass used in navigation. It
has two or more magnetic needles permanently attached to a
card, which moves freely upon a pivot, and is read with
reference to a mark on the box representing the ship's
head. The card is divided into thirty-two points, called
also rhumbs, and the glass-covered box or bowl containing
it is suspended in gimbals within the binnacle, in order
to preserve its horizontal position.
{Surveyor's compass}, an instrument used in surveying for
measuring horizontal angles. See {Circumferentor}.
{Variation compass}, a compass of delicate construction, used
in observations on the variations of the needle.
{To fetch a compass}, to make a circuit.
Compass \Com"pass\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Compassed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Compassing}.] [F. compasser, LL. compassare.]
1. To go about or entirely round; to make the circuit of.
Ye shall compass the city seven times. --Josh. vi.
4.
We the globe can compass soon. --Shak.
2. To inclose on all sides; to surround; to encircle; to
environ; to invest; to besiege; -- used with about, round,
around, and round about.
With terrors and with clamors compassed round.
--Milton.
Now all the blessings Of a glad father compass thee
about. --Shak.
Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and
compass thee round. --Luke xix.
43.
3. To reach round; to circumvent; to get within one's power;
to obtain; to accomplish.
If I can check my erring love, I will: If not, to
compass her I'll use my skill. --Shak.
How can you hope to compass your designs? --Denham.
4. To curve; to bend into a circular form. [Obs. except in
carpentry and shipbuilding.] --Shak.
5. (Law) To purpose; to intend; to imagine; to plot.
Compassing and imagining the death of the king are
synonymous terms; compassing signifying the purpose
or design of the mind or will, and not, as in common
speech, the carrying such design to effect.
--Blackstone.
Compassable \Com"pass*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being compassed or accomplished. --Burke.
Compassed \Com"passed\, a.
Rounded; arched. [Obs.]
She came . . . into the compassed window. --Shak.
Compasses \Com"pass*es\, n., pl.
An instrument for describing circles, measuring figures,
etc., consisting of two, or (rarely) more, pointed branches,
or legs, usually joined at the top by a rivet on which they
move.
Note: The compasses for drawing circles have adjustable pen
points, pencil points, etc.; those used for measuring
without adjustable points are generally called
dividers. See {Dividers}.
{Bow compasses}. See {Bow-compass}.
{Caliber compasses}, {Caliper compasses}. See {Calipers}.
{Proportional}, {Triangular}, etc., {compasses}. See under
{Proportional}, etc.
Compassing \Com"pass*ing\, a. (Shipbuilding)
Curved; bent; as, compassing timbers.
Compassion \Com*pas"sion\, n. [F., fr. L. compassio, fr. compati
to have compassion; com- + pati to bear, suffer. See
{Patient}.]
Literally, suffering with another; a sensation of sorrow
excited by the distress or misfortunes of another; pity;
commiseration.
Womanly ingenuity set to work by womanly compassion.
--Macaulay.
Syn: Pity; sympathy; commiseration; fellow-feeling; mercy;
condolence. See {Pity}.
Compassion \Com*pas"sion\, v. t.
To pity. [Obs.] --Shak.
Compassionable \Com*pas"sion*a*ble\, a.
Deserving compassion or pity; pitiable. [R.] --Barrow.
Compassionate \Com*pas"sion*ate\, a.
1. Having a temper or disposition to pity; sympathetic;
merciful.
There never was any heart truly great and generous,
that was not also tender and compassionate. --South.
2. Complaining; inviting pity; pitiable. [R.] --Shak.
Syn: Sympathizing; tender; merciful; pitiful.
Compassionate \Com*pas"sion*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Compassionated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Compassionating}.]
To have compassion for; to pity; to commiserate; to
sympathize with.
Compassionates my pains, and pities me. --Addison.
Compassionately \Com*pas"sion*ate*ly\, adv.
In a compassionate manner; mercifully. --Clarendon.
Compassionateness \Com*pas"sion*ate*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being compassionate.
Compassless \Com"pass*less\, a.
Having no compass. --Knowles.
Compaternity \Com`pa*ter"ni*ty\, n. [LL. compaternitas, fr.
compater godfather; com- + pater father.]
The relation of a godfather to a person. [Obs.]
The relation of gossipred or compaternity by the canon
law is a spiritual affinity. --Sir J.
Davies.
Compatibility \Com*pat`i*bil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F.
compatibilit['e].]
The quality or power of being compatible or congruous;
congruity; as, a compatibility of tempers; a compatibility of
properties.
Compatible \Com*pat"i*ble\, a. [F., fr. LL. compatibilis, fr. L.
compati. See {Compassion}.]
Capable of existing in harmony; congruous; suitable; not
repugnant; -- usually followed by with.
Our poets have joined together such qualities as are by
nature the most compatible. --Broome.
Syn: Consistent; suitable; agreeable; accordant.
Compatibleness \Com*pat"i*ble*ness\, n.
Compatibility; consistency; fitness; agreement.
Compatibly \Com*pat"i*bly\, adv.
In a compatible manner.
Compatient \Com*pa"tient\, a. [L. compatients, p. pr. of
compati. See {Compassion}.]
Suffering or enduring together. [Obs.] --Sir G. Buck.
Compatriot \Com*pa"tri*ot\, n. [F. compatriote, LL.
compatriotus; com- + patriota a native. See {Patriot}, and
cf. {Copatriot}.]
One of the same country, and having like interests and
feeling.
The distrust with which they felt themselves to be
regarded by their compatriots in America. --Palfrey.
Compatriot \Com*pa"tri*ot\, a.
Of the same country; having a common sentiment of patriotism.
She [Britain] rears to freedom an undaunted race,
Compatriot, zealous, hospitable, kind. --Thomson.
Compatriotism \Com*pa"tri*ot*ism\, n.
The condition of being compatriots.
Compear \Com*pear"\, v. i. [F. comparoir, L. compar[=e]re; com-
+ par[=e]re to appear.]
1. To appear. [Obs.]
2. (Law) To appear in court personally or by attorney.
[Scot.]
Compeer \Com*peer"\, [OE. comper, through French fr. L. compar;
com- + par equal. See {Peer} an equal, and cf. 1st
{Compare}.]
An equal, as in rank, age, prowess, etc.; a companion; a
comrade; a mate.
And him thus answer'd soon his bold compeer. --Milton.
His compeer in arms. --Ford.
Compeer \Com*peer"\, v. t.
To be equal with; to match. [R.]
In my rights, By me invested, he compeers the best.
--Shak.
Compeer \Com*peer"\, Compeir \Com*peir"\, v. i.
See {Compear}.
Compel \Com*pel"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Compelled}; p. pr. & vb.
n {Compelling}.] [L. compellere, compulsum, to drive
together, to compel, urge; com- + pellere to drive: cf. OF.
compellir. See {Pulse}.]
1. To drive or urge with force, or irresistibly; to force; to
constrain; to oblige; to necessitate, either by physical
or moral force.
Wolsey . . . compelled the people to pay up the
whole subsidy at once. --Hallam.
And they compel one Simon . . . to bear his cross.
--Mark xv. 21.
2. To take by force or violence; to seize; to exact; to
extort. [R.]
Commissions, which compel from each The sixth part
of his substance. --Shak.
3. To force to yield; to overpower; to subjugate.
Easy sleep their weary limbs compelled. --Dryden.
I compel all creatures to my will. --Tennyson.
4. To gather or unite in a crowd or company. [A Latinism]
``In one troop compelled.'' --Dryden.
5. To call forth; to summon. [Obs.] --Chapman.
She had this knight from far compelled. --Spenser.
Syn: To force; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce. See
{Coerce}.
Compel \Com*pel"\, v. i.
To make one yield or submit. ``If she can not entreat, I can
compel.'' --Shak.
Compellable \Com*pel"la*ble\, a.
Capable of being compelled or constrained. --Blackstone.
Compellably \Com*pel"la*bly\, adv.
By compulsion.
Compellation \Com`pel*la"tion\, n. [L. compellatio, fr.
compellare to accost, fr. compellere. See {Compel}.]
Style of address or salutation; an appellation.
``Metaphorical compellations.'' --Milton.
He useth this endearing compellation, ``My little
children.'' --Bp.
Beveridge.
The peculiar compellation of the kings in France is by
``Sire,'' which is nothing else but father. --Sir W.
Temple.
Compellative \Com*pel"la*tive\, n. (Gram.)
The name by which a person is addressed; an appellative.
Compellatory \Com*pel"la*to*ry\, a.
Serving to compel; compulsory. [R.]
Compeller \Com*pel"ler\, n.
One who compels or constrains.
Compend \Com"pend\, n.
A compendium; an epitome; a summary.
A compend and recapitulation of the Mosaical law. --Bp.
Burnet.
Compendiarious \Com*pen`di*a"ri*ous\, a. [L. compendiarius.]
Short; compendious. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Compendiate \Com*pen"di*ate\, v. t. [L. compendiatus, p. p. of
compendiare to shorten, fr. compendium.]
To sum or collect together. [Obs.] --Bp. King.
Compendious \Com*pen"di*ous\, a. [L. compendiosus.]
Containing the substance or general principles of a subject
or work in a narrow compass; abridged; summarized.
More compendious and expeditious ways. --Woodward.
Three things be required in the oration of a man having
authority -- that it be compendious, sententious, and
delectable. --Sir T.
Elyot.
Syn: Short; summary; abridged; condensed; comprehensive;
succinct; brief; concise.
Compendiously \Com*pen"di*ous*ly\, adv.
In a compendious manner.
Compendiously expressed by the word chaos. --Bentley.
Compendiousness \Com*pen"di*ous*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being compendious.
Compendium \Com*pen"di*um\, n.; pl. E. {Compendiums}, L.
{Compendia}. [L. compendium that which is weighed, saved, or
shortened, a short way, fr. compendere to weigh; com- +
pendere to weigh. See {Pension}, and cf. {Compend}.]
A brief compilation or composition, containing the principal
heads, or general principles, of a larger work or system; an
abridgment; an epitome; a compend; a condensed summary.
A short system or compendium of a science. --I. Watts.
Syn: See {Abridgment}.
Compensate \Com"pen*sate\ (? or ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Compensated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Compensating}.] [L.
compensatus, p. p. of compensare, prop., to weigh several
things with one another, to balance with one another, verb
intens. fr. compendere. See {Compendium}.]
1. To make equal return to; to remunerate; to recompense; to
give an equivalent to; to requite suitably; as, to
compensate a laborer for his work, or a merchant for his
losses.
2. To be equivalent in value or effect to; to counterbalance;
to make up for; to make amends for.
The length of the night and the dews thereof do
compensate the heat of the day. --Bacon.
The pleasures of life do not compensate the
miseries. --Prior.
Syn: To recompense; remunerate; indemnify; reward; requite;
counterbalance.
Compensate \Com"pen*sate\, v. i.
To make amends; to supply an equivalent; -- followed by for;
as, nothing can compensate for the loss of reputation.
Compensation \Com`pen*sa"tion\, n. [L. compensatio a weighing, a
balancing of accounts.]
1. The act or principle of compensating. --Emerson.
2. That which constitutes, or is regarded as, an equivalent;
that which makes good the lack or variation of something
else; that which compensates for loss or privation;
amends; remuneration; recompense.
The parliament which dissolved the monastic
foundations . . . vouchsafed not a word toward
securing the slightest compensation to the
dispossessed owners. --Hallam.
No pecuniary compensation can possibly reward them.
--Burke.
3. (Law)
(a) The extinction of debts of which two persons are
reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are
reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a
credit of equal amount; a set-off. --Bouvier.
--Wharton.
(b) A recompense or reward for some loss or service.
(c) An equivalent stipulated for in contracts for the sale
of real estate, in which it is customary to provide
that errors in description, etc., shall not avoid, but
shall be the subject of compensation.
{Compensation balance}, or {Compensated balance}, a kind of
balance wheel for a timepiece. The rim is usually made of
two different metals having different expansibility under
changes of temperature, so arranged as to counteract each
other and preserve uniformity of movement.
{Compensation pendulum}. See {Pendulum}.
Syn: Recompense; reward; indemnification; consideration;
requital; satisfaction; set-off.
Compensative \Com*pen"sa*tive\, a. [LL. compensativus.]
Affording compensation.
Compensative \Com*pen"sa*tive\, n.
Compensation. [R.] --Lamb.
Compensator \Com"pen*sa`tor\, n.
1. One who, or that which, compensates; -- a name applied to
various mechanical devices.
2. (Naut.) An iron plate or magnet placed near the compass on
iron vessels to neutralize the effect of the ship's
attraction on the needle.
Compensatory \Com*pen"sa*to*ry\, a.
Serving for compensation; making amends. --Jer. Taylor.
Compense \Com*pense"\, v. t. [F. compenser. See {Compensate}.]
To compensate. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Comperendinate \Com`pe*ren"di*nate\, v. t. [L. comperendinatus,
p. p. of comperendinare to defer (the time of trial.)]
To delay. --Bailey.
Compesce \Com*pesce"\, v. t. [L. compescere.]
To hold in check; to restrain. [R.] --Carlyle.
Compete \Com*pete"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Competed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Competing}.] [L. completere, competitum; com- +
petere to seek. See {Petition}.]
To contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing,
position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend
in rivalry, as for a prize or in business; as, tradesmen
compete with one another.
The rival statesmen, with eyes fixed on America, were
all the while competing for European alliances.
--Bancroft.
Competence \Com"pe*tence\, Competency \Com"pe*ten*cy\, n. [Cf.
F. comp['e]tence, from L. competentia agreement.]
1. The state of being competent; fitness; ability; adequacy;
power.
The loan demonstrates, in regard to instrumental
resources, the competency of this kingdom to the
assertion of the common cause. --Burke.
To make them act zealously is not in the competence
of law. --Burke.
2. Property or means sufficient for the necessaries and
conveniences of life; sufficiency without excess.
Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense, Lie
in three words -- health, peace, and competence.
--Pope.
Superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but
competency lives longer. --Shak.
3. (Law)
(a) Legal capacity or qualifications; fitness; as, the
competency of a witness or of a evidence.
(b) Right or authority; legal power or capacity to take
cognizance of a cause; as, the competence of a judge
or court. --Kent.
Competent \Com"pe*tent\ (?; 94), a. [F. comp['e]tent, p. pr. of
comp['e]ter to be in the competency of, LL. competere to
strive after together, to agree with; hence, to be fit. See
{Compete}.]
1. Answering to all requirements; adequate; sufficient;
suitable; capable; legally qualified; fit. ``A competent
knowledge of the world.'' --Atterbury. ``Competent age.''
--Grafton. ``Competent statesmen.'' --Palfrey. /``A
competent witness.'' --Bouvier.
2. Rightfully or properly belonging; incident; -- followed by
to. [Rare, except in legal usage.]
That is the privilege of the infinite Author of
things, . . . but is not competent to any finite
being. --Locke.
Syn: See {Qualified}.
Competently \Com"pe*tent*ly\, adv.
In a competent manner; adequately; suitably.
Competible \Com*pet"i*ble\, a.
Compatible; suitable; consistent. [Obs.] --Sir M. Hale.
Competition \Com`pe*ti"tion\, n. [L. competition. See
{Compete}.]
The act of seeking, or endeavoring to gain, what another is
endeavoring to gain at the same time; common strife for the
same objects; strife for superiority; emulous contest;
rivalry, as for approbation, for a prize, or as where two or
more persons are engaged in the same business and each
seeking patronage; -- followed by for before the object
sought, and with before the person or thing competed with.
Competition to the crown there is none, nor can be.
--Bacon.
A portrait, with which one of Titian's could not come
in competition. --Dryden.
There is no competition but for the second place.
--Dryden.
Where competition does not act at all there is complete
monopoly. --A. T.
Hadley.
Syn: Emulation; rivalry; rivalship; contest; struggle;
contention; opposition; jealousy. See {Emulation}.
Competitive \Com*pet"i*tive\, a.
Of or pertaining to competition; producing competition;
competitory; as, a competitive examination.
Competitor \Com*pet"i*tor\, n. [L.: cf. F. comp['e]titeur.]
1. One who seeks what another seeks, or claims what another
claims; one who competes; a rival.
And can not brook competitors in love. --Shak.
2. An associate; a confederate. [Obs.]
Every hour more competitors Flock to their aid, and
still their power increaseth. --Shak.
Competitory \Com*pet"i*to*ry\, a.
Acting in competition; competing; rival.
Competitress \Com*pet"i*tress\, n.
A woman who competes.
Competitrix \Com*pet"i*trix\, n. [L.]
A competitress.
Compilation \Com"pi*la"tion\, n. [L. compilatio: cf. F.
compilation.]
1. The act or process of compiling or gathering together from
various sources.
2. That which is compiled; especially, a book or document
composed of materials gathering from other books or
documents.
His [Goldsmith's] compilations are widely
distinguished from the compilations of ordinary
bookmakers. --Macaulay.
Compilator \Com"pi*la`tor\, n. [L.]
Compiler. [Obs.]
Compile \Com*pile"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Compiled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Compiling}.] [F. compiler, fr.L. compilare to
plunder, pillage; com- + pilare to plunder. See {Pill}, v.
t., Pillage.]
1. To put together; to construct; to build. [Obs.]
Before that Merlin died, he did intend A brazen wall
in compass to compile. --Spenser.
2. To contain or comprise. [Obs.]
Which these six books compile. --Spenser.
3. To put together in a new form out of materials already
existing; esp., to put together or compose out of
materials from other books or documents.
He [Goldsmith] compiled for the use of schools a
History of Rome. --Macaulay.
4. To write; to compose. [Obs.] --Sir W. Temple.
Compilement \Com*pile"ment\, n.
Compilation. [R.]
Compiler \Com*pil"er\, n. [OE. compiluor; cf. OF. compileor, fr.
L. compilator.]
One who compiles; esp., one who makes books by compilation.
Compinge \Com*pinge"\, v. t. [L. compingere.]
To compress; to shut up. [Obs.] --Burton.
Complacence \Com*pla"cence\, Complacency \Com*pla"cen*cy\, n.
[LL. complacentia: cf. F. complaisance. See {Complacent}, and
cf. {Complaisance}.]
1. Calm contentment; satisfaction; gratification.
The inward complacence we find in acting reasonably
and virtuously. --Atterbury.
Others proclaim the infirmities of a great man with
satisfaction and complacency, if they discover none
of the like in themselves. --Addison.
2. The cause of pleasure or joy. ``O thou, my sole
complacence.'' --Milton.
3. The manifestation of contentment or satisfaction; good
nature; kindness; civility; affability.
Complacency, and truth, and manly sweetness, Dwell
ever on his tongue, and smooth his thoughts.
--Addison.
With mean complacence ne'er betray your trust.
--Pope.
Complacent \Com*pla"cent\, a. [L. complacens very pleasing, p.
pr. of complacere; com- + placere to please: cf. F.
complaisant. See {Please} and cf. {Complaisant}.]
Self-satisfied; contented; kindly; as, a complacent temper; a
complacent smile.
They look up with a sort of complacent awe . . . to
kings. --Burke.
Complacential \Com`pla*cen"tial\, a.
Marked by, or causing, complacence. [Obs.] ``Complacential
love.'' --Baxter.
Complacently \Com*pla"cent*ly\, adv.
In a complacent manner.
Complain \Com*plain"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Complained}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Complaining}.] [F. complaindre, LL. complangere;
com- + L. plangere to strike, beat, to beat the breast or
head as a sign of grief, to lament. See {Plaint}.]
1. To give utterance to expression of grief, pain, censure,
regret. etc.; to lament; to murmur; to find fault; --
commonly used with of. Also, to creak or squeak, as a
timber or wheel.
O loss of sight, of thee I most complain! --Milton.
2. To make a formal accusation; to make a charge.
Now, Master Shallow, you'll complain of me to the
king? --Shak.
Syn: To repine; grumble; deplore; bewail; grieve; mourn;
regret; murmur.
Complain \Com*plain"\, v. t.
To lament; to bewail. [Obs.]
They might the grievance inwardly complain. --Daniel.
By chaste Lucrece's soul that late complain'd Her
wrongs to us. --Shak.
Complainable \Com*plain"a*ble\, a.
That may be complained of. [R.] --Feltham.
Complainant \Com*plain"ant\, n. [F. complaignant, p. pr. of
complaindre.]
1. One who makes complaint.
Eager complainants of the dispute. --Collier.
2. (Law)
(a) One who commences a legal process by a complaint.
(b) The party suing in equity, answering to the plaintiff
at common law.
He shall forfeit one moiety to the use of the
town, and the other moiety to the use of the
complainant. --Statutes of
Mass.
Complainer \Com*plain"er\, n.
One who complains or laments; one who finds fault; a
murmurer. --Beattie.
Speechless complainer, I will learn thy thought.
--Shak.
Complaint \Com*plaint"\, n. [F. complainte. See {Complain}.]
1. Expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, or resentment;
lamentation; murmuring; accusation; fault-finding.
I poured out my complaint before him. --Ps. cxlii.
2.
Grievous complaints of you. --Shak.
2. Cause or subject of complaint or murmuring.
The poverty of the clergy in England hath been the
complaint of all who wish well to the church.
--Swift.
3. An ailment or disease of the body.
One in a complaint of his bowels. --Arbuthnot.
4. (Law) A formal allegation or charge against a party made
or presented to the appropriate court or officer, as for a
wrong done or a crime committed (in the latter case,
generally under oath); an information; accusation; the
initial bill in proceedings in equity.
Syn: Lamentation; murmuring; sorrow; grief; disease; illness;
disorder; malady; ailment.
Complaintful \Com*plaint"ful\, a.
Full of complaint. [Obs.]
Complaisance \Com"plai*sance`\ (?; 277), n. [F. complaisance.
See {Complaisant}, and cf. {Complacence}.]
Disposition to please or oblige; obliging compliance with the
wishes of others; a deportment indicative of a desire to
please; courtesy; civility.
These [ladies] . . . are by the just complaisance and
gallantry of our nation the most powerful part of our
people. --Addison.
They strive with their own hearts and keep them down,
In complaisance to all the fools in town. --Young.
Syn: Civility; courtesy; urbanity; suavity; affability; good
breeding.
Complaisant \Com"plai*sant\, a. [F. complaisant, p. pr. of
complaire to acquiesce as a favor, fr. L. complacere. See
{Complacent}.]
Desirous to please; courteous; obliging; compliant; as, a
complaisant gentleman.
There are to whom my satire seems too bold: Scarce to
wise Peter complaisant enough. --Pope.
Syn: Obliging; courteous; affable; gracious; civil; polite;
well-bred. See {Obliging}. -- {Com"plai*sant`ly}, adv.
-- {Com"plai*sant`ness}, n.
Complanar \Com*pla"nar\, a.
See {Coplanar}.
Complanate \Com"pla*nate\ (? or ?), a. [L. complanatus, p. p. of
complanare to make plane. See {Plane}, v. t.]
Flattened to a level surface. [R.]
Complanate \Com"pla*nate\, v. t.
To make level. [R.]
Complected \Com*plect"ed\, a.
Complexioned. [Low, New Eng.]
Complement \Com"ple*ment\, n. [L. complementun: cf. F.
compl['e]ment. See {Complete}, v. t., and cf. {Compliment}.]
1. That which fills up or completes; the quantity or number
required to fill a thing or make it complete.
2. That which is required to supply a deficiency, or to
complete a symmetrical whole.
History is the complement of poetry. --Sir J.
Stephen.
3. Full quantity, number, or amount; a complete set;
completeness.
To exceed his complement and number appointed him
which was one hundred and twenty persons. --Hakluyt.
4. (Math.) A second quantity added to a given quantity to
make it equal to a third given quantity.
5. Something added for ornamentation; an accessory. [Obs.]
Without vain art or curious complements. --Spenser.
6. (Naut.) The whole working force of a vessel.
7. (Mus.) The interval wanting to complete the octave; -- the
fourth is the complement of the fifth, the sixth of the
third.
8. A compliment. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Arithmetical compliment of a logarithm}. See under
{Logarithm}.
{Arithmetical complement of a number} (Math.), the difference
between that number and the next higher power of 10; as, 4
is the complement of 6, and 16 of 84.
{Complement of an} {arc or angle} (Geom.), the difference
between that arc or angle and 90[deg].
{Complement of a parallelogram}. (Math.) See {Gnomon}.
{In her complement} (Her.), said of the moon when represented
as full.
Complement \Com"ple*ment\, v. t.
1. To supply a lack; to supplement. [R.]
2. To compliment. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Complemental \Com`ple*men"tal\, a.
1. Supplying, or tending to supply, a deficiency; fully
completing. ``Complemental ceremony.'' --Prynne.
2. Complimentary; courteous. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Complemental air} (Physiol.), the air (averaging 100 cubic
inches) which can be drawn into the lungs in addition to
the tidal air, by the deepest possible inspiration.
{Complemental males} (Zo["o]l.), peculiar small males living
parasitically on the ordinary hermaphrodite individuals of
certain barnacles.
Complementary \Com`ple*men"ta*ry\, a.
Serving to fill out or to complete; as, complementary
numbers.
{Complementary colors}. See under {Color}.
{Complementary angles} (Math.), two angles whose sum is
90[deg].
Complementary \Com`ple*men"ta*ry\, n. [See {Complimentary}.]
One skilled in compliments. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Complete \Com*plete"\, a. [L. completus, p. p. of complere to
fill up; com- + plere to fill. See {Full}, a., and cf.
{Comply}, {Compline}.]
1. Filled up; with no part or element lacking; free from
deficiency; entire; perfect; consummate. ``Complete
perfections.'' --Milton.
Ye are complete in him. --Col. ii. 10.
That thou, dead corse, again in complete steel
Revisit'st thus the glimpses of the moon. --Shak.
2. Finished; ended; concluded; completed; as, the edifice is
complete.
This course of vanity almost complete. --Prior.
3. (Bot.) Having all the parts or organs which belong to it
or to the typical form; having calyx, corolla, stamens,
and pistil.
Syn: See {Whole}.
Complete \Com*plete"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Completed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Completing}.]
To bring to a state in which there is no deficiency; to
perfect; to consummate; to accomplish; to fulfill; to finish;
as, to complete a task, or a poem; to complete a course of
education.
Bred only and completed to the taste Of lustful
appetence. --Milton.
And, to complete her bliss, a fool for mate. --Pope.
Syn: To perform; execute; terminate; conclude; finish; end;
fill up; achieve; realize; effect; consummate;
accomplish; effectuate; fulfill; bring to pass.
Completely \Com*plete"ly\, adv.
In a complete manner; fully.
Completement \Com*plete"ment\, n.
Act of completing or perfecting; completion. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Completeness \Com*plete"ness\, n.
The state of being complete.
Completion \Com*ple"tion\, n. [L. completio a filling, a
fulfillment.]
1. The act or process of making complete; the getting through
to the end; as, the completion of an undertaking, an
education, a service.
The completion of some repairs. --Prescott.
2. State of being complete; fulfillment; accomplishment;
realization.
Predictions receiving their completion in Christ.
--South.
Completive \Com*ple"tive\, a. [L. completivus: cf. F.
compl['e]tif.]
Making complete. [R.] --J. Harris.
Completory \Com*ple"to*ry\, a.
Serving to fulfill.
Completory of ancient presignifications. --Barrow.
Completory \Com"ple*to"ry\ (? or ?), n. [L. completorium.]
(Eccl.)
Same as {Compline}.
Complex \Com"plex\, a. [L. complexus, p. p. of complecti to
entwine around, comprise; com- + plectere to twist, akin to
plicare to fold. See {Plait}, n.]
1. Composed of two or more parts; composite; not simple; as,
a complex being; a complex idea.
Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put
together, I call complex; such as beauty, gratitude,
a man, an army, the universe. --Locke.
2. Involving many parts; complicated; intricate.
When the actual motions of the heavens are
calculated in the best possible way, the process is
difficult and complex. --Whewell.
{Complex fraction}. See {Fraction}.
{Complex number} (Math.), in the theory of numbers, an
expression of the form a + b[root]-1, when a and b are
ordinary integers.
Syn: See {Intricate}.
Complex \Com"plex\, n. [L. complexus]
Assemblage of related things; collection; complication.
This parable of the wedding supper comprehends in it
the whole complex of all the blessings and privileges
exhibited by the gospel. --South.
{Complex of lines} (Geom.), all the possible straight lines
in space being considered, the entire system of lines
which satisfy a single relation constitute a complex; as,
all the lines which meet a given curve make up a complex.
The lines which satisfy two relations constitute a
congruency of lines; as, the entire system of lines, each
one of which meets two given surfaces, is a congruency.
Complexed \Com*plexed"\ (k[o^]m*pl[e^]kst"), a.
Complex, complicated. [Obs.] ``Complexed significations.''
--Sir T. Browne.
Complexedness \Com*plex"ed*ness\ (k[o^]m*pl[e^]ks"[e^]d*n[e^]s),
n.
The quality or state of being complex or involved;
complication.
The complexedness of these moral ideas. --Locke.
Complexion \Com*plex"ion\ (k[o^]m*pl[e^]k"sh[u^]n), n. [F.
complexion, fr. L. complexio. See {Complex}, a.]
1. The state of being complex; complexity. [Obs.]
Though the terms of propositions may be complex, yet
. . . it is properly called a simple syllogism,
since the complexion does not belong to the
syllogistic form of it. --I. Watts.
2. A combination; a complex. [Archaic]
This paragraph is . . . a complexion of sophisms.
--Coleridge.
3. The bodily constitution; the temperament; habitude, or
natural disposition; character; nature. [Obs.]
If his complexion incline him to melancholy.
--Milton.
It is the complexion of them all to leave the dam.
--Shak.
4. The color or hue of the skin, esp. of the face.
Tall was her stature, her complexion dark.
--Wordsworth.
Between the pale complexion of true love, And the
red glow of scorn and proud disdain. --Shak.
5. The general appearance or aspect; as, the complexion of
the sky; the complexion of the news.
Complexional \Com*plex"ion*al\ (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to constitutional complexion.
A moral rather than a complexional timidity. --Burke.
Complexionally \Com*plex"ion*al*ly\, adv.
Constitutionally. [R.]
Though corruptible, not complexionally vicious.
--Burke.
Complexionary \Com*plex"ion*a*ry\, a.
Pertaining to the complexion, or to the care of it. --Jer.
Taylor.
Complexioned \Com*plex"ioned\ (k[o^]m*pl[e^]k"sh[u^]nd), a.
Having (such) a complexion; -- used in composition; as, a
dark-complexioned or a ruddy-complexioned person.
A flower is the best-complexioned grass, as a pearl is
the best-colored clay. --Fuller.
Complexity \Com*plex"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Complexities}. [Cf. F.
complexit['e].]
1. The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement.
The objects of society are of the greatest possible
complexity. --Burke.
2. That which is complex; intricacy; complication.
Many-corridored complexities Of Arthur's palace.
--Tennyson.
Complexly \Com"plex`ly\, adv.
In a complex manner; not simply.
Complexness \Com"plex`ness\, n.
The state of being complex; complexity. --A. Smith.
Complexus \Com*plex"us\, n. [L., an embracing.]
A complex; an aggregate of parts; a complication.
Compliable \Com*pli"a*ble\, a.
Capable of bending or yielding; apt to yield; compliant.
Another compliable mind. --Milton.
The Jews . . . had made their religion compliable, and
accommodated to their passions. --Jortin.
Compliance \Com*pli"ance\, n. [See {Comply}.]
1. The act of complying; a yielding; as to a desire, demand,
or proposal; concession; submission.
What compliances will remove dissension? --Swift.
Ready compliance with the wishes of his people.
--Macaulay.
2. A disposition to yield to others; complaisance.
A man of few words and of great compliance.
--Clarendon.
Syn: Concession; submission; consent; obedience; performance;
execution; acquiescence; assent.
Compliancy \Com*pli"an*cy\, n.
Compliance; disposition to yield to others. --Goldsmith.
Compliant \Com*pli"ant\, a.
Yielding; bending; pliant; submissive. ``The compliant
boughs.'' --Milton.
Compliantly \Com*pli"ant*ly\, adv.
In a compliant manner.
Complicacy \Com"pli*ca*cy\, n.
A state of being complicate or intricate. --Mitford.
Complicant \Com"pli*cant\, a. [L. complicans, p. pr.] (Zo["o]l.)
Overlapping, as the elytra of certain beetles.
Complicate \Com"pli*cate\, a. [L. complicatus, p. p. of
complicare to fold together. See {Complex}.]
1. Composed of two or more parts united; complex;
complicated; involved.
How poor, how rich, how abject, how august, How
complicate, how wonderful is man! --Young.
2. (Bot.) Folded together, or upon itself, with the fold
running lengthwise.
Complicate \Com"pli*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Complicated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Complicating}.]
To fold or twist together; to combine intricately; to make
complex; to combine or associate so as to make intricate or
difficult.
Nor can his complicated sinews fail. --Young.
Avarice and luxury very often become one complicated
principle of action. --Addison.
When the disease is complicated with other diseases.
--Arbuthnot.
Complicately \Com"pli*cate*ly\, adv.
In a complex manner.
Complicateness \Com"pli*cate*ness\, n.
Complexity. --Sir M. Hale.
Complication \Com`pli*ca"tion\, n. [L. compliasion: cf. F.
complication.]
1. The act or process of complicating; the state of being
complicated; intricate or confused relation of parts;
entanglement; complexity.
A complication of diseases. --Macaulay.
Through and beyond these dark complications of the
present, the New England founders looked to the
great necessities of future times. --Palfrey.
2. (Med.) A disease or diseases, or adventitious
circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying
a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it.
Complice \Com"plice\, n.; pl. {Complices}. [F., fr. L. complex,
-plicis, closely connected with one, confederate. See
{Complicate}, and cf. {Accomplice}.]
An accomplice. [Obs.]
To quell the rebels and their complices. --Shak.
Complicity \Com*plic"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Complicities}. [F.
complicit['e].]
The state of being an accomplice; participation in guilt.
Complier \Com*pli"er\, n.
One who complies, yields, or obeys; one of an easy, yielding
temper. --Swift.
Compliment \Com"pli*ment\, n. [F. compliment. It complimento,
fr. comlire to compliment, finish, suit, fr. L. complere to
fill up. See {Complete}, and cf. {Complement}.]
An expression, by word or act, of approbation, regard,
confidence, civility, or admiration; a flattering speech or
attention; a ceremonious greeting; as, to send one's
compliments to a friend.
Tedious waste of time, to sit and hear So many hollow
compliments and lies. --Milton.
Many a compliment politely penned. --Cowper.
{To make one a compliment}, to show one respect; to praise
one in a flattering way. --Locke.
{To make one's compliments to}, to offer formal courtesies
to.
{To stand on compliment}, to treat with ceremony.
Syn: See {Adulation}.
Compliment \Com"pli*ment\, v. t.
To praise, flatter, or gratify, by expressions of
approbation, respect, or congratulation; to make or pay a
compliment to.
Monarchs should their inward soul disguise; . . .
Should compliment their foes and shun their friends.
--Prior.
Syn: To praise; flatter; adulate; commend.
Compliment \Com"pli*ment\, v. i.
To pass compliments; to use conventional expressions of
respect.
I make the interlocutors, upon occasion, compliment
with one another. --Boyle.
Complimental \Com`pli*men"tal\, a.
Complimentary. [Obs.]
Languages . . . grow rich and abundant in complimental
phrases, and such froth. --Sir H.
Wotton.
-- {Com`pli*men"tal*ly}, adv. [Obs.] --Boyle. --
{Com`pli*men"tal*ness}, n. [Obs.] --Hammond.
Complimentary \Com`pli*men"ta*ry\, a.
Expressive of regard or praise; of the nature of, or
containing, a compliment; as, a complimentary remark; a
complimentary ticket. ``Complimentary addresses.''
--Prescott.
Complimentative \Com`pli*men"ta*tive\, a.
Complimentary. [R.] --Boswell.
Complimenter \Com"pli*ment`er\, n.
One who compliments; one given to complimenting; a flatterer.
Compline \Com"pline\, Complin \Com"plin\, n. [From OE. complie,
OF. complie, F. complies, pl., fr. LL. completa (prop. fem.
of L. completus) the religious exercise which completes and
closes the service of the day. See {Complete}.] (Eccl.)
The last division of the Roman Catholic breviary; the seventh
and last of the canonical hours of the Western church; the
last prayer of the day, to be said after sunset.
The custom of godly man been to shut up the evening
with a compline of prayer at nine of the night.
--Hammond.
Complot \Com"plot\, n. [F. complot, prob. for comploit, fr.L.
complicitum, prop. p. p. of complicare, but equiv. to
complicatio complication, entangling. See {Complicate}, and
cf. {Plot}.]
A plotting together; a confederacy in some evil design; a
conspiracy.
I know their complot is to have my life. --Shak.
Complot \Com*plot"\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Complotted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Complotting}.] [Cf. F. comploter, fr. complot.]
To plot or plan together; to conspire; to join in a secret
design.
We find them complotting together, and contriving a new
scene of miseries to the Trojans. --Pope.
Complotment \Com*plot"ment\, n.
A plotting together. [R.]
Complotter \Com*plot"ter\, n.
One joined in a plot. --Dryden.
Complutensian \Com`plu*ten"sian\, a.
Of or pertaining to Complutum (now Alcala de Henares) a city
near Madrid; as, the Complutensian Bible.
Compluvium \Com*plu"vi*um\, n. [L.] (Arch.)
A space left unroofed over the court of a Roman dwelling,
through which the rain fell into the impluvium or cistern.
Comply \Com*ply"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Complied}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Complying}.] [Perh. formed fr. compliment, influenced by
ply, pliant, which are of different origin: cf. It. complire
to compliment, finish, suit. See {Compliment}, {Complete}.]
1. To yield assent; to accord; agree, or acquiesce; to adapt
one's self; to consent or conform; -- usually followed by
with.
Yet this be sure, in nothing to comply, Scandalous
or forbidden in our law. --Milton.
They did servilely comply with the people in
worshiping God by sensible images. --Tillotson.
He that complies against his will Is of his own
opinion still. --Hudibras.
2. To be ceremoniously courteous; to make one's compliments.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Comply \Com*ply"\, v. t. [See {comply}, v. i.]
1. To fulfill; to accomplish. [Obs.] --Chapman.
2. [Cf. L. complicare to fold up. See {Ply}.] To infold; to
embrace. [Obs.]
Seemed to comply, Cloudlike, the daintie deitie.
--Herrick.
Compone \Com*pone"\ (-p[=o]n"), v. t. [L. componere. See
{Compound}.]
To compose; to settle; to arrange. [Obs.]
A good pretense for componing peace. --Strype.
Compone \Com*po"ne\ (k[o^]m*p[=o]"n[asl]), a. [F.]
See {Compony}.
Component \Com*po"nent\ (k[o^]m*p[=o]"nent), a. [L. componens,
p. pr. of componere. See {Compound}, v. t.]
Serving, or helping, to form; composing; constituting;
constituent.
The component parts of natural bodies. --Sir I.
Newton.
Component \Com*po"nent\, n.
A constituent part; an ingredient.
{Component of force} (Mech.), a force which, acting
conjointly with one or more forces, produces the effect of
a single force or resultant; one of a number of forces
into which a single force may be resolved.
Compony \Com*po"ny\, Compon'e \Com*po"n['e]\, a. [F.
compon['e].] (Her.)
Divided into squares of alternate tinctures in a single row;
-- said of any bearing; or, in the case of a bearing having
curved lines, divided into patches of alternate colors
following the curve. If there are two rows it is called
counter-compony.
Comport \Com*port"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Comported}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Comporting}.] [F. comporter, LL. comportare, fr.L.
comportare to bring together; com- + portare to carry. See
{Port demeanor}.]
1. To bear or endure; to put up (with); as, to comport with
an injury. [Obs.] --Barrow.
2. To agree; to accord; to suit; -- sometimes followed by
with.
How ill this dullness doth comport with greatness.
--Beau. & Fl.
How their behavior herein comported with the
institution. --Locke.
Comport \Com*port"\, v. t.
1. To bear; to endure; to brook; to put with. [Obs.]
The malcontented sort That never can the present
state comport. --Daniel.
2. To carry; to conduct; -- with a reflexive pronoun.
Observe how Lord Somers . . . comported himself.
--Burke.
Comport \Com"port\ (?, formerly ?), n. [Cf. OF. comport.]
Manner of acting; behavior; conduct; deportment. [Obs.]
I knew them well, and marked their rude comport.
--Dryden.
Comportable \Com*port"a*ble\, a.
Suitable; consistent. [Obs.] ``Some comportable method.''
--Wotton.
Comportance \Com*port"ance\, n.
Behavior; comport. [Obs.]
Goodly comportance each to other bear. --Spenser.
Comportation \Com`por*ta"tion\, n. [L. comportatio.]
A bringing together. [Obs.] --Bp. Richardson.
Comportment \Com*port"ment\, n. [F. comportement.]
Manner of acting; behavior; bearing.
A graceful comportment of their bodies. --Cowley.
Her serious and devout comportment. --Addison.
Compose \Com*pose"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Composed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Composing}.] [F. composer; com- + poser to place. The
sense is that of L. componere, but the origin is different.
See {Pose}, v. t.]
1. To form by putting together two or more things or parts;
to put together; to make up; to fashion.
Zeal ought to be composed of the highest degrees of
all pious affection. --Bp. Sprat.
2. To form the substance of, or part of the substance of; to
constitute.
Their borrowed gold composed The calf in Oreb.
--Milton.
A few useful things . . . compose their intellectual
possessions. --I. Watts.
3. To construct by mental labor; to design and execute, or
put together, in a manner involving the adaptation of
forms of expression to ideas, or to the laws of harmony or
proportion; as, to compose a sentence, a sermon, a
symphony, or a picture.
Let me compose Something in verse as well as prose.
--Pope.
The genius that composed such works as the
``Standard'' and ``Last Supper''. --B. R.
Haydon.
4. To dispose in proper form; to reduce to order; to put in
proper state or condition; to adjust; to regulate.
In a peaceful grave my corpse compose. --Dryden.
How in safety best we may Compose our present evils.
--Milton.
5. To free from agitation or disturbance; to tranquilize; to
soothe; to calm; to quiet.
Compose thy mind; Nor frauds are here contrived, nor
force designed. --Dryden.
6. (Print.) To arrange (types) in a composing stick in order
for printing; to set (type).
Compose \Com*pose"\, v. i.
To come to terms. [Obs.] --Shak.
Composed \Com*posed"\, a.
Free from agitation; calm; sedate; quiet; tranquil;
self-possessed.
The Mantuan there in sober triumph sate, Composed his
posture, and his look sedate. --Pope.
-- {Com*pos"ed*ly}, adv. -- {Com*pos"ed*ness}, n.
Composer \Com*pos"er\, n.
1. One who composes; an author. Specifically, an author of a
piece of music.
If the thoughts of such authors have nothing in
them, they at least . . . show an honest industry
and a good intention in the composer. --Addison.
His [Mozart's] most brilliant and solid glory is
founded upon his talents as a composer. --Moore
(Encyc. of
Mus.).
2. One who, or that which, quiets or calms; one who adjusts a
difference.
Sweet composers of the pensive soul. --Gay.
Composing \Com*pos"ing\, a.
1. Tending to compose or soothe.
2. Pertaining to, or used in, composition.
{Composing frame} (Print.), a stand for holding cases of type
when in use.
{Composing rule} (Print.), a thin slip of brass or steel,
against which the type is arranged in a composing stick,
or by the aid of which stickfuls or handfuls or type are
lifted; -- called also {setting rule}.
{Composing stick} (Print.), an instrument usually of metal,
which the compositor holds in his left hand, and in which
he arranges the type in words and lines. It has one open
side, and one adjustable end by means of which the length
of the lines, and consequently the width of the page or
column, may be determined.
Compositae \Com*pos"i*t[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., from L. compositus
made up of parts. See {Composite}.] (Bot.)
A large family of dicotyledonous plants, having their flowers
arranged in dense heads of many small florets and their
anthers united in a tube. The daisy, dandelion, and asters,
are examples.
Composite \Com*pos"ite\ (?; 277), a. [L. compositus made up of
parts, p. p. of componere. See {Compound}, v. t., and cf.
{Compost}.]
1. Made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded; as, a
composite language.
Happiness, like air and water . . . is composite.
--Landor.
2. (Arch.) Belonging to a certain order which is composed of
the Ionic order grafted upon the Corinthian. It is called
also the {Roman} or the {Italic} order, and is one of the
five orders recognized by the Italian writers of the
sixteenth century. See {Capital}.
3. (Bot.) Belonging to the order {Composit[ae]}; bearing
involucrate heads of many small florets, as the daisy,
thistle, and dandelion.
{Composite carriage}, a railroad car having compartments of
different classes. [Eng.]
{Composite number} (Math.), one which can be divided exactly
by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 2 or 3.
.
{Composite} {photograph or portrait}, one made by a
combination, or blending, of several distinct photographs.
--F. Galton.
{Composite sailing} (Naut.), a combination of parallel and
great circle sailing.
{Composite ship}, one with a wooden casing and iron frame.
Composite \Com*pos"ite\ (?; 277), n.
That which is made up of parts or compounded of several
elements; composition; combination; compound. [R.]
Composition \Com`po*si"tion\, n. [F. composition, fr. L.
compositio. See {Composite}.]
1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or
integral, by placing together and uniting different
things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any
literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of music. ``The
constant habit of elaborate composition.'' --Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a
harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as
such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as
English, Latin, German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for
printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. --I.
Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. --Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances;
as, a chemical composition.
A composition that looks . . . like marble.
--Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially
one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used
of an elementary essay or translation done as an
educational exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives
them credit. --Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement
of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be
written. --Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an
obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between
the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood.
--Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
--Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method
of analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition. --Sir I.
Newton.
{Composition cloth}, a kind of cloth covered with a
preparation making it waterproof.
{Composition deed}, an agreement for composition between a
debtor and several creditors.
{Composition plane} (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions.
{Composition of forces} (Mech.), the finding of a single
force (called the resultant) which shall be equal in
effect to two or more given forces (called the components)
when acting in given directions. --Herbert.
{Composition metal}, an alloy resembling brass, which is
sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; --
also called {Muntz metal} and {yellow metal}.
{Composition of proportion} (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the first and second is
to the second as the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth.
Compositive \Com*pos"i*tive\, a. [L. compositivus.]
Having the quality of entering into composition; compounded.
[R.]
Compositor \Com*pos"i*tor\, n. [L., an arranger.]
1. One who composes or sets in order.
2. (Print.) One who sets type and arranges it for use.
Compositous \Com*pos"i*tous\, a. (Bot.)
Belonging to the {Composit[ae]}; composite. [R.] --Darwin.
Compossible \Com*pos"si*ble\, a. [Pref. com- + possible.]
Able to exist with another thing; consistent. [R.]
--Chillingworth.
Compost \Com"post\ (?; 277), n.[OF. compost, fr. L. compositus,
p. p. See {Composite}.]
1. A mixture; a compound. [R.]
A sad compost of more bitter than sweet. --Hammond.
2. (Agric.) A mixture for fertilizing land; esp., a
composition of various substances (as muck, mold, lime,
and stable manure) thoroughly mingled and decomposed, as
in a compost heap.
And do not spread the compost on the weeds To make
them ranker. --Shak.
Compost \Com"post\, v. t.
1. To manure with compost.
2. To mingle, as different fertilizing substances, in a mass
where they will decompose and form into a compost.
Composture \Com*pos"ture\ (?; 135), n. [L. compositura,
-postura, a joining.]
Manure; compost. [Obs.] --Shak.
Composure \Com*po"sure\, n. [From {Compose}.]
1. The act of composing, or that which is composed; a
composition. [Obs.]
Signor Pietro, who had an admirable way both of
composure [in music] and teaching. --Evelyn.
2. Orderly adjustment; disposition. [Obs.]
Various composures and combinations of these
corpuscles. --Woodward.
3. Frame; make; temperament. [Obs.]
His composure must be rare indeed Whom these things
can not blemish. --Shak.
4. A settled state; calmness; sedateness; tranquillity;
repose. ``We seek peace and composure.'' --Milton.
When the passions . . . are all silent, the mind
enjoys its most perfect composure. --I. Watts.
5. A combination; a union; a bond. [Obs.] --Shak.
Compotation \Com`po*ta"tion\, n. [L. compotatio; com- + potare
to drink.]
The act of drinking or tippling together. [R.]
The fashion of compotation. --Sir W.
Scott.
Compotator \Com"po*ta`tor\, n. [L.]
One who drinks with another. [R.] --Pope.
Compote \Com"pote\, n. [F. See {Compost}.]
A preparation of fruit in sirup in such a manner as to
preserve its form, either whole, halved, or quartered; as, a
compote of pears. --Littr['e].
Compound \Com"pound\ (k[o^]m"pound), n. [Malay kompung a
village.]
In the East Indies, an inclosure containing a house,
outbuildings, etc.
Compound \Com*pound"\ (k[o^]m*pound"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Compounded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Compounding}.] [OE. componen,
compounen, L. componere, compositum; com-+ ponere to put set.
The d is excrescent. See {Position}, and cf. {Compon['e]}.]
1. To form or make by combining different elements,
ingredients, or parts; as, to compound a medicine.
Incapacitating him from successfully compounding a
tale of this sort. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. To put together, as elements, ingredients, or parts, in
order to form a whole; to combine, mix, or unite.
We have the power of altering and compounding those
images into all the varieties of picture. --Addison.
3. To modify or change by combination with some other thing
or part; to mingle with something else.
Only compound me with forgotten dust. --Shak.
4. To compose; to constitute. [Obs.]
His pomp and all what state compounds. --Shak.
5. To settle amicably; to adjust by agreement; to compromise;
to discharge from obligation upon terms different from
those which were stipulated; as, to compound a debt.
I pray, my lords, let me compound this strife.
--Shak.
{To compound a felony}, to accept of a consideration for
forbearing to prosecute, such compounding being an
indictable offense. See {Theftbote}.
Compound \Com*pound"\, v. i.
To effect a composition; to come to terms of agreement; to
agree; to settle by a compromise; -- usually followed by with
before the person participating, and for before the thing
compounded or the consideration.
Here's a fellow will help you to-morrow; . . . compound
with him by the year. --Shak.
They were at last glad to compound for his bare
commitment to the Tower. --Clarendon.
Cornwall compounded to furnish ten oxen after
Michaelmas for thirty pounds. --R. Carew.
Compound for sins they are inclined to By damning those
they have no mind to. --Hudibras.
Compound \Com"pound\, a. [OE. compouned, p. p. of compounen. See
{Compound}, v. t.]
Composed of two or more elements, ingredients, parts;
produced by the union of several ingredients, parts, or
things; composite; as, a compound word.
Compound substances are made up of two or more simple
substances. --I. Watts.
{Compound addition}, {subtraction}, {multiplication},
{division} (Arith.), the addition, subtraction, etc., of
compound numbers.
{Compound crystal} (Crystallog.), a twin crystal, or one
seeming to be made up of two or more crystals combined
according to regular laws of composition.
{Compound engine} (Mech.), a form of steam engine in which
the steam that has been used in a high-pressure cylinder
is made to do further service in a larger low-pressure
cylinder, sometimes in several larger cylinders,
successively.
{Compound ether}. (Chem.) See under {Ether}.
{Compound flower} (Bot.), a flower head resembling a single
flower, but really composed of several florets inclosed in
a common calyxlike involucre, as the sunflower or
dandelion.
{Compound fraction}. (Math.) See {Fraction}.
{Compound fracture}. See {Fracture}.
{Compound householder}, a householder who compounds or
arranges with his landlord that his rates shall be
included in his rents. [Eng.]
{Compound interest}. See {Interest}.
{Compound larceny}. (Law) See {Larceny}.
{Compound leaf} (Bot.), a leaf having two or more separate
blades or leaflets on a common leafstalk.
{Compound microscope}. See {Microscope}.
{Compound motion}. See {Motion}.
{Compound number} (Math.), one constructed according to a
varying scale of denomination; as, 3 cwt., 1 qr., 5 lb.;
-- called also {denominate number}.
{Compound pier} (Arch.), a clustered column.
{Compound quantity} (Alg.), a quantity composed of two or
more simple quantities or terms, connected by the sign +
(plus) or - (minus). Thus, a + b - c, and bb - b, are
compound quantities.
{Compound radical}. (Chem.) See {Radical}.
{Compound ratio} (Math.), the product of two or more ratios;
thus ab:cd is a ratio compounded of the simple ratios a:c
and b:d.
{Compound rest} (Mech.), the tool carriage of an engine
lathe.
{Compound screw} (Mech.), a screw having on the same axis two
or more screws with different pitch (a differential
screw), or running in different directions (a right and
left screw).
{Compound time} (Mus.), that in which two or more simple
measures are combined in one; as, 6-8 time is the joining
of two measures of 3-8 time.
{Compound word}, a word composed of two or more words;
specifically, two or more words joined together by a
hyphen.
Compound \Com"pound\, n.
1. That which is compounded or formed by the union or mixture
of elements ingredients, or parts; a combination of
simples; a compound word; the result of composition.
--Shak.
Rare compound of oddity, frolic, and fun.
--Goldsmith.
When the word ``bishopric'' was first made, it was
made as a compound. --Earle.
2. (Chem.) A union of two or more ingredients in definite
proportions by weight, so combined as to form a distinct
substance; as, water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen.
Note: Every definite chemical compound always contains the
same elements, united in the same proportions by
weight, and with the same internal arrangement.
{Binary compound} (Chem.). See under {Binary}.
{Carbon compounds} (Chem.). See under {Carbon}.
Compoundable \Com*pound"a*ble\, a.
That may be compounded.
Compounder \Com*pound"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, compounds or mixes; as, a
compounder of medicines.
2. One who attempts to bring persons or parties to terms of
agreement, or to accomplish, ends by compromises.
``Compounders in politics.'' --Burke.
3. One who compounds a debt, obligation, or crime.
Religious houses made compounders For the horrid
actions of their founders. --Hudibras.
4. One at a university who pays extraordinary fees for the
degree he is to take. [Eng.] --A. Wood.
5. (Eng. Hist.) A Jacobite who favored the restoration of
James II, on condition of a general amnesty and of
guarantees for the security of the civil and
ecclesiastical constitution of the realm.
Comprador \Com`pra*dor\, n. [Pg., a buyer.]
A kind of steward or agent. [China] --S. W. Williams
Comprecation \Com`pre*ca"tion\, n. [L. comprecatio, fr.
comprecari to pray to. See {Precarious}.]
A praying together. [Obs.] --Bp. Wilkins.
Comprehend \Com`pre*hend"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Comprehended};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Comprehending}.] [L. comprehendere,
comprehensum; com- + prehendere to grasp, seize; prae before
+ hendere (used only in comp.). See {Get}, and cf.
{Comprise}.]
1. To contain; to embrace; to include; as, the states
comprehended in the Austrian Empire.
Who hath . . . comprehended the dust of the earth in
a measure. --Is. xl. 12.
2. To take in or include by construction or implication; to
comprise; to imply.
Comprehended all in this one word, Discretion.
--Hobbes.
And if there be any other commandment, it is briefly
comprehended in this saying. --Rom. xiii.
9.
3. To take into the mind; to grasp with the understanding; to
apprehend the meaning of; to understand.
At a loss to comprehend the question. --W. Irwing.
Great things doeth he, which we can not comprehend.
--Job. xxxvii.
5.
Syn: To contain; include; embrace; comprise; inclose; grasp;
embody; involve; imply; apprehend; imagine; conceive;
understand. See {Apprehend}.
Comprehensibility \Com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being comprehensible; capability of
being understood.
Comprehensible \Com"pre*hen"si*ble\, a. [L. comprehensibilis:
cf. F. compre['e]hensible.]
1. Capable of being comprehended, included, or comprised.
Lest this part of knowledge should seem to any not
comprehensible by axiom, we will set down some heads
of it. --Bacon.
2. Capable of being understood; intelligible; conceivable by
the mind.
The horizon sets the bounds . . . between what is
and what is not comprehensible by us. --Locke.
Comprehensibleness \Com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being comprehensible; comprehensibility.
Comprehensibly \Com`pre*hen"si*bly\, adv.
1. With great extent of signification; comprehensively.
--Tillotson.
2. Intelligibly; in a manner to be comprehended or
understood.
Comprehension \Com`pre*hen"sion\, n. [L. comprehensio: cf. F.
compr['e]hension.]
1. The act of comprehending, containing, or comprising;
inclusion.
In the Old Testament there is a close comprehension
of the New; in the New, an open discovery of the
Old. --Hooker.
2. That which is comprehended or inclosed within narrow
limits; a summary; an epitome. [Obs.]
Though not a catalogue of fundamentals, yet . . . a
comprehension of them. --Chillingworth.
3. The capacity of the mind to perceive and understand; the
power, act, or process of grasping with the intellect;
perception; understanding; as, a comprehension of abstract
principles.
4. (Logic) The complement of attributes which make up the
notion signified by a general term.
5. (Rhet.) A figure by which the name of a whole is put for a
part, or that of a part for a whole, or a definite number
for an indefinite.
Comprehensive \Com`pre*hen"sive\, a. [Cf. F. compr['e]hensif.]
1. Including much; comprising many things; having a wide
scope or a full view.
A very comprehensive definition. --Bentley.
Large and comprehensive idea. --Channing.
2. Having the power to comprehend or understand many things.
``His comprehensive head.'' --Pope.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Possessing peculiarities that are
characteristic of several diverse groups.
Note: The term is applied chiefly to early fossil groups
which have a combination of structures that appear in
more fully developed or specialized forms in later
groups. Synthetic, as used by Agassiz, is nearly
synonymous.
Syn: Extensive; wide; large; full; compendious.
Comprehensively \Com`pre*hen"sive*ly\, adv.
In a comprehensive manner; with great extent of scope.
Comprehensiveness \Com`pre*hen"sive*ness\, n.
The quality of being comprehensive; extensiveness of scope.
Compare the beauty and comprehensiveness of legends on
ancient coins. --Addison.
Comprehensor \Com`pre*hen"sor\, n.
One who comprehends; one who has attained to a full
knowledge. [Obs.]
When I shall have dispatched this weary pilgrimage, and
from a traveler shall come to be a comprehensor,
farewell faith and welcome vision. --Bp. Hall.
Compress \Com*press"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Compressed}; p. pr &
vb. n. {Compressing}.] [L. compressus, p. p. of comprimere to
compress: com- + premere to press. See Press.]
1. To press or squeeze together; to force into a narrower
compass; to reduce the volume of by pressure; to compact;
to condense; as, to compress air or water.
Events of centuries . . . compressed within the
compass of a single life. --D. Webster.
The same strength of expression, though more
compressed, runs through his historical harangues.
--Melmoth.
2. To embrace sexually. [Obs.] --Pope.
Syn: To crowd; squeeze; condense; reduce; abridge.
Compress \Com"press\, n. [F. compresse.] (Surg.)
A folded piece of cloth, pledget of lint, etc., used to cover
the dressing of wounds, and so placed as, by the aid of a
bandage, to make due pressure on any part.
Compressed \Com*pressed"\, a.
1. Pressed together; compacted; reduced in volume by
pressure.
2. (Bot.) Flattened lengthwise.
{Compressed-air engine}, an engine operated by the elastic
force of compressed air.
Compressibility \Com*press`i*bil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F.
compressibilit['e].]
The quality of being compressible of being compressible; as,
the compressibility of elastic fluids.
Compressible \Com*press"i*ble\, a. [Cf. F. compressible.]
Capable of being pressed together or forced into a narrower
compass, as an elastic or spongy substance.
Compressibleness \Com*press"ible*ness\, n.
The quality of being compressible; compressibility.
Compression \Com*pres"sion\, n. [L. compressio: cf. F.
compression.]
The act of compressing, or state of being compressed.
``Compression of thought.'' --Johnson.
Compressive \Com*press"ive\, a. [Cf. F. compressif.]
Compressing, or having power or tendency to compress; as, a
compressive force.
Compressor \Com*press"or\, n. [L.]
Anything which serves to compress; as:
(a) (Anat.) A muscle that compresses certain parts.
(b) (Surg.) An instrument for compressing an artery (esp.,
the femoral artery) or other part.
(c) An apparatus for confining or flattening between glass
plates an object to be examined with the microscope; --
called also {compressorium}.
(d) (Mach.) A machine for compressing gases; especially, an
air compressor.
Compressure \Com*pres"sure\ (?; 135), n.
Compression.
Comprint \Com*print"\, v. t. & i.
1. To print together.
2. (O. Eng. Law) To print surreptitiously a work belonging to
another. --E. Phillips.
Comprint \Com"print\, n. (O. Eng. Law)
The surreptitious printing of another's copy or book; a work
thus printed.
Comprisal \Com*pris"al\, n.
The act of comprising or comprehending; a compendium or
epitome.
A comprisal . . . and sum of all wickedness. --Barrow.
Comprise \Com*prise"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Comprised}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Comprising}.] [From F. compris, comprise, p. p. of
comprendre, L. comprehendere. See {Comprehend}.]
To comprehend; to include.
Comprise much matter in few words. --Hocker.
Friendship does two souls in one comprise. --Roscommon.
Syn: To embrace; include; comprehend; contain; encircle;
inclose; involve; imply.
Comprobate \Com"pro*bate\, v. i. [L. comprobatus, p. p. of
comprobare, to approve wholly.]
To agree; to concur. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot.
Comprobation \Com`pro*ba"tion\, n. [L. comprobatio.]
1. Joint attestation; proof. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
2. Approbation. [Obs.] --Foxe.
Compromise \Com"pro*mise\, n. [F. compromis, fr. L. compromissum
a mutual promise to abide by the decision of an arbiter, fr.
compromittere to make such a promise; com- + promittere to
promise. See {Promise}.]
1. A mutual agreement to refer matters in dispute to the
decision of arbitrators. [Obs.] --Burrill.
2. A settlement by arbitration or by mutual consent reached
by concession on both sides; a reciprocal abatement of
extreme demands or rights, resulting in an agreement.
But basely yielded upon compromise That which his
noble ancestors achieved with blows. --Shak.
All government, indeed every human benefit and
enjoyment, every virtue and every prudent act, is
founded on compromise and barter. --Burke.
An abhorrence of concession and compromise is a
never failing characteristic of religious factions.
--Hallam.
3. A committal to something derogatory or objectionable; a
prejudicial concession; a surrender; as, a compromise of
character or right.
I was determined not to accept any fine speeches, to
the compromise of that sex the belonging to which
was, after all, my strongest claim and title to
them. --Lamb.
Compromise \Com"pro*mise\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Compromised}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Compromising}.] [From {Compromise}, n.; cf.
{Compromit}.]
1. To bind by mutual agreement; to agree. [Obs.]
Laban and himself were compromised That all the
eanlings which were streaked and pied Should fall as
Jacob's hire. --Shak.
2. To adjust and settle by mutual concessions; to compound.
The controversy may easily be compromised. --Fuller.
3. To pledge by some act or declaration; to endanger the
life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can not be
recalled; to expose to suspicion.
To pardon all who had been compromised in the late
disturbances. --Motley.
Compromise \Com"pro*mise\, v. i.
1. To agree; to accord. [Obs.]
2. To make concession for conciliation and peace.
Compromiser \Com"pro*mi`ser\, n.
One who compromises.
Compromissorial \Com`pro*mis*so"ri*al\, a.
Relating to compromise. [R.] --Chalmers.
Compromit \Com"pro*mit`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Compromitted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Compromitting}.] [L. compromittere. See
{Compromise}, n.]
1. To pledge by some act or declaration; to promise. --State
Trials (1529).
2. To put to hazard, by some indiscretion; to endanger; to
compromise; as, to compromit the honor or the safety of a
nation.
Comprovincial \Com`pro*vin"cial\, a.
Belonging to, or associated in, the same province. [Obs.] --
n. One who belongs to the same province. [Obs.]
The six islands, comprovincial In ancient times unto
Great Britain. --Spenser.
Compsognathus \Comp*sog"na*thus\ (k[o^]mp*s[o^]g"n[.a]*th[u^]s),
n. [NL., fr. Gr. kompo`s elegant, pretty + gna`qos jaw.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of Dinosauria found in the Jurassic formation, and
remarkable for having several birdlike features.
Compt \Compt\ (kount, formerly k[o^]mt; 215), n. [F. compte. See
{Count} an account.]
Account; reckoning; computation. [Obs.] --Shak.
Compt \Compt\, v. t. [F. compter. See {Count}, v. t.]
To compute; to count. [Obs.] See {Count}.
Compt \Compt\, a. [L. comptus, p. p. of comere to care for,
comb, arrange, adorn.]
Neat; spruce. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
Compter \Compt"er\, n.
A counter. [Obs.] --Shak.
Compte rendu \Compte" ren`du\ [F.]
A report of an officer or agent.
Comptible \Compt"i*ble\, a. [See {Compt}, v. t.]
Accountable; responsible; sensitive. [Obs.]
I am very comptible even to the least sinister usage.
--Shak.
Comptly \Compt"ly\, adv.
Neatly. [Obs.] --Sherwood.
Comptrol \Comp*trol"\, n. & v.
See {Control}.
Comptroler \Comp*trol"er\, n.
A controller; a public officer whose duty it is to examine
certify accounts.
Compulsative \Com*pul"sa*tive\, a. [From L. compulsare, v.
intens. of compellere. See {Compel}.]
Compulsatory. [R.] --Shak.
Compulsatively \Com*pul"sa*tive*ly\, adv.
By compulsion. [R.]
Compulsatory \Com*pul"sa*to*ry\, a.
Operating with force; compelling; forcing; constraining;
resulting from, or enforced by, compulsion. [R.]
To recover of us, by strong hand And terms
compulsatory, those foresaid lands. --Shak.
Compulsion \Com*pul"sion\, n. [L. compulsio. See {Compel}.]
The act of compelling, or the state of being compelled; the
act of driving or urging by force or by physical or moral
constraint; subjection to force.
If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries, I would
give no man a reason upon compulsion. --Shak.
With what compulsion and laborious flight We sunk thus
low. --Milton.
Syn: See {Constraint}.
Compulsive \Com*pul"sive\, a.
Having power to compel; exercising or applying compulsion.
Religion is . . . inconsistent with all compulsive
motives. --Sharp.
Compulsively \Com*pul"sive*ly\, adv.
By compulsion; by force.
Compulsorily \Com*pul"so*ri*ly\, adv.
In a compulsory manner; by force or constraint.
Compulsory \Com*pul"so*ry\, a. [LL. compulsorius.]
1. Having the power of compulsion; constraining.
2. Obligatory; enjoined by authority; necessary; due to
compulsion.
This contribution threatening to fall infinitely
short of their hopes, they soon made it compulsory.
--Burke.
Compunct \Com*punct"\, a. [LL. compunctus, p. p.]
Affected with compunction; conscience-stricken. [Obs.]
Compunction \Com*punc"tion\, n. [OF. compunction, F.
componction, L. compunctio, fr. compungere, compunctum, to
prick; com- + pungere to prick, sting. See {Pungent}.]
1. A pricking; stimulation. [Obs.]
That acid and piercing spirit which, with such
activity and compunction, invadeth the brains and
nostrils. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. A picking of heart; poignant grief proceeding from a sense
of guilt or consciousness of causing pain; the sting of
conscience.
He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, with
expressions of great compunction. --Clarendon.
Syn: {Compunction}, {Remorse}, {Contrition}.
Usage: Remorse is anguish of soul under a sense of guilt or
consciousness of having offended God or brought evil
upon one's self or others. Compunction is the pain
occasioned by a wounded and awakened conscience.
Neither of them implies true contrition, which denotes
self-condemnation, humiliation, and repentance. We
speak of the gnawings of remorse; of compunction for a
specific act of transgression; of deep contrition in
view of our past lives. See {Regret}.
Compunctionless \Com*punc"tion*less\, a.
Without compunction.
Compunctious \Com*punc"tious\, a.
Of the nature of compunction; caused by conscience; attended
with, or causing, compunction.
That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell
purpose. --Shak.
Compunctiously \Com*punc"tious*ly\, adv.
With compunction.
Compunctive \Com*punc"tive\, a.
Sensitive in respect of wrongdoing; conscientious. [Obs.]
--Jer. Taylor.
Compurgation \Com`pur*ga"tion\, n. [L. compurgatio, fr.
compurgare to purify wholly; com- + purgare to make pure. See
Purge, v. t.]
1. (Law) The act or practice of justifying or confirming a
man's veracity by the oath of others; -- called also
{wager of law}. See {Purgation}; also {Wager of law},
under {Wager}.
2. Exculpation by testimony to one's veracity or innocence.
He was privileged from his childhood from suspicion
of incontinency and needed no compurgation. --Bp.
Hacket.
Compurgator \Com"pur*ga`tor\, n. [LL.]
One who bears testimony or swears to the veracity or
innocence of another. See {Purgation}; also {Wager of law},
under {Wager}.
All they who know me . . . will say they have reason in
this matter to be my compurgators. --Chillingworth.
Compurgatorial \Com*pur`ga*to"ri*al\, a.
Relating to a compurgator or to compurgation. ``Their
compurgatorial oath.'' --Milman.
Computable \Com*put"a*ble\, a. [L. computabilis.]
Capable of being computed, numbered, or reckoned.
Not easily computable by arithmetic. --Sir M. Hale.
Computation \Com`pu*ta"tion\, n. [L. computatio: cf. F.
computation.]
1. The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning.
By just computation of the time. --Shak.
By a computation backward from ourselves. --Bacon.
2. The result of computation; the amount computed.
Syn: Reckoning; calculation; estimate; account.
Compute \Com*pute"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Computed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Computing}.] [L. computare. See {Count}, v. t.]
To determine calculation; to reckon; to count.
Two days, as we compute the days of heaven. --Milton.
What's done we partly may compute, But know not what's
resisted. --Burns.
Syn: To calculate; number; count; reckon; estimate;
enumerate; rate. See {Calculate}.
Compute \Com*pute"\, n. [L. computus: cf. F. comput.]
Computation. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Computer \Com*put"er\, n.
One who computes.
Computist \Com"pu*tist\, n.
A computer.
Comrade \Com"rade\ (? or ?; 277), n. [Sp. camarada, fr. L.
camara, a chamber; hence, a chamber-fellowship, and then a
chamber-fellow: cf. F. camarade. Cf. {Chamber}.]
A mate, companion, or associate.
And turned my flying comrades to the charge. --J.
Baillie.
I abjure all roofs, and choose . . . To be a comrade
with the wolf and owl. --Shak.
Comradery \Com"rade*ry\, n. [Cf. F. camarederie.]
The spirit of comradeship; comradeship. [R.]
``Certainly'', said Dunham, with the comradery of the
smoker. --W. D.
Howells.
Comradeship \Com"rade*ship\, n.
The state of being a comrade; intimate fellowship.
Comrogue \Com"rogue`\, n.
A fellow rogue. [Obs.]
Comtism \Com"tism\ (? or ?), n. [Named after the French
philosopher, Auguste Comte.]
Positivism; the positive philosophy. See {Positivism}.
Comtist \Com"tist\, n.
A disciple of Comte; a positivist.
Con- \Con-\
A prefix, fr. L. cum, signifying with, together, etc. See
{Com-}.
Con \Con\, adv. [Abbrev. from L. contra against.]
Against the affirmative side; in opposition; on the negative
side; -- The antithesis of pro, and usually in connection
with it. See {Pro}.
Con \Con\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Conning}.] [AS. cunnan to know, be able, and (derived from
this) cunnian to try, test. See {Can}, v. t. & i.]
1. To know; to understand; to acknowledge. [Obs.]
Of muses, Hobbinol, I con no skill. --Spenser.
They say they con to heaven the highway. --Spenser.
2. To study in order to know; to peruse; to learn; to commit
to memory; to regard studiously.
Fixedly did look Upon the muddy waters which he
conned As if he had been reading in a book.
--Wordsworth.
I did not come into Parliament to con my lesson.
--Burke.
{To con answer}, to be able to answer. [Obs.]
{To con thanks}, to thank; to acknowledge obligation. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Con \Con\, v. t. [See {Cond}.] (Naut.)
To conduct, or superintend the steering of (a vessel); to
watch the course of (a vessel) and direct the helmsman how to
steer.
Conacre \Con*a"cre\, v. t.
To underlet a portion of, for a single crop; -- said of a
farm. [Ireland]
Conacre \Con*a"cre\, n.
A system of letting a portion of a farm for a single crop.
[Ireland] Also used adjectively; as, the conacre system or
principle. --Mozley & W.
Conarium \Co*na"ri*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. kwna`rion.] (Anat.)
The pineal gland.
Conation \Co*na"tion\, n. [L. conatio.] (Philos.)
The power or act which directs or impels to effort of any
kind, whether muscular or psychical.
Of conation, in other words, of desire and will. --J.
S. Mill.
Conative \Co"na*tive\ (? or ?), a. [See {Conatus}.]
Of or pertaining to conation.
This division of mind into the three great classes of
the cognitive faculties, the feelings, . . . and the
exertive or conative powers, . . . was first
promulgated by Kant. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Conatus \Co*na"tus\, n. [L., fr. conatus, p. p. of conari to
attempt.]
A natural tendency inherent in a body to develop itself; an
attempt; an effort.
What conatus could give prickles to the porcupine or
hedgehog, or to the sheep its fleece? --Paley.
Concamerate \Con*cam"er*ate\ (k[o^]n*k[a^]m"[~e]r*[=a]t), v. t.
[L. concameratus, p. p. of concamerare to arch over. See
{Camber}.]
1. To arch over; to vault.
Of the upper beak an inch and a half consisteth of
one concamerated bone. --Grew.
2. To divide into chambers or cells. --Woodward.
Concameration \Con*cam`er*a"tion\ (-[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [L.
concameratio.]
1. An arch or vault.
2. A chamber of a multilocular shell. --Glanvill.
Concatenate \Con*cat"e*nate\ (k[o^]n*k[a^]t"[-e]*n[=a]t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. {Concatenated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Concatenating}.] [L. concatenatus, p. p. of concatenare to
concatenate. See {Catenate}.]
To link together; to unite in a series or chain, as things
depending on one another.
This all things friendly will concatenate. --Dr. H.
More
Concatenation \Con*cat`e*na"tion\ (-n[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [L.
concatenatio.]
A series of links united; a series or order of things
depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a
succession.
The stoics affirmed a fatal, unchangeable concatenation
of causes, reaching even to the illicit acts of man's
will. --South.
A concatenation of explosions. --W. Irving.
Concause \Con*cause"\ (-k[add]z"), n.
A joint cause. --Fotherby.
Concavation \Con`ca*va"tion\ (k[o^][ng]`k[.a]*v[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
The act of making concave.
Concave \Con"cave\ (k[o^][ng]*k[=a]*v" or k[o^]n"-; 277), a. [L.
concavus; con- + cavus hollow: cf. F. concave. See {Cave} a
hollow.]
1. Hollow and curved or rounded; vaulted; -- said of the
interior of a curved surface or line, as of the curve of
the of the inner surface of an eggshell, in opposition to
{convex}; as, a concave mirror; the concave arch of the
sky.
2. Hollow; void of contents. [R.]
As concave . . . as a worm-eaten nut. --Shak.
Concave \Con"cave\, n. [L. concavum.]
1. A hollow; an arched vault; a cavity; a recess.
Up to the fiery concave towering hight. --Milton.
2. (Mech.) A curved sheath or breasting for a revolving
cylinder or roll.
Concave \Con"cave\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {concaved}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Concaving}.]
To make hollow or concave.
Concaved \Con"caved\, a. (Her.)
Bowed in the form of an arch; -- called also {arched}.
Concaveness \Con"cave*ness\, n.
Hollowness; concavity.
Concavity \Con*cav"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Concavities}. [L. concavitas:
cf. F. concavit['e]. See {Concave}.]
A concave surface, or the space bounded by it; the state of
being concave.
Concavo-concave \Con*ca`vo-con"cave\, a.
Concave or hollow on both sides; double concave.
Concavo-convex \Con*ca`vo-con"vex\, a.
1. Concave on one side and convex on the other, as an
eggshell or a crescent.
2. (Optics) Specifically, having such a combination of
concave and convex sides as makes the focal axis the
shortest line between them. See Illust. under {Lens}.
Concavous \Con*ca*"vous\, a. [L. concavus.]
Concave. --Abp. potter. -- {Con*ca"vous*ly}, adv.
Conceal \Con*ceal"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Concealed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Concealing}.] [OF. conceler, L. concelare; con- +
celareto hide; akin to AS. helan, G. hehlen, E. hele (to
cover), helmet. See {Hell}, {Helmet}.]
To hide or withdraw from observation; to cover; to cover or
keep from sight; to prevent the discovery of; to withhold
knowledge of.
It is the glory of God to conceal a thing. --Prov. xxv.
2.
Declare ye among the nations, . . . publish and conceal
not. --Jer. l. 2.
He which finds him shall deserve our thanks, . . . He
that conceals him, death. --Shak.
Syn: To hide; secrete; screen; cover; disguise; dissemble;
mask; veil; cloak; screen.
Usage: {To Conceal}, {Hide}, {Disguise}, {Dissemble},
{Secrete}. To hide is the generic term, which embraces
all the rest. To conceal is simply not make known what
we wish to keep secret. In the Bible hide often has
the specific meaning of conceal. See --1 Sam. iii. 17,
18. To disguise or dissemble is to conceal by assuming
some false appearance. To secrete is to hide in some
place of secrecy. A man may conceal facts, disguise
his sentiments, dissemble his feelings, secrete stolen
goods.
Bur double griefs afflict concealing hearts.
--Spenser.
Both dissemble deeply their affections. --Shak.
We have in these words a primary sense, which
reveals a future state, and a secondary sense,
which hides and secretes it. --Warburton.
Concealable \Con*ceal"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being concealed.
Concealed \Con*cealed"\, a.
Hidden; kept from sight; secreted. -- {Con*ceal"ed*ly}, adv.
-- {Con*ceal"ed*ness}, n.
{Concealed weapons} (Law), dangerous weapons so carried on
the person as to be knowingly or willfully concealed from
sight, -- a practice forbidden by statute.
Concealer \Con*ceal"er\, n.
One who conceals.
Concealment \Con*ceal"ment\, n. [OF. concelement.]
1. The act of concealing; the state of being concealed.
But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud, Feed on
her damask cheek. --Shak.
Some dear cause Will in concealment wrap me up
awhile. --Shak.
2. A place of hiding; a secret place; a retreat frem
observation.
The cleft tree Offers its kind concealment to a few.
--Thomson.
3. A secret; out of the way knowledge. [Obs.]
Well read in strange concealments. --Shak.
4. (Law) Suppression of such facts and circumstances as in
justice ought to be made known. --Wharton.
Concede \Con*cede"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conceded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conceding}.] [L. concedere, concessum; con- + cedere
to go along, give way, yield: cf. F. conc['e]der. See
{Cede}.]
1. To yield or suffer; to surrender; to grant; as, to concede
the point in question. --Boyle.
2. To grant, as a right or privilege; to make concession of.
3. To admit to be true; to acknowledge.
We concede that their citizens were those who lived
under different forms. --Burke.
Syn: To grant; allow; admit; yield; surrender.
Concede \Con*cede"\, v. i.
To yield or make concession.
I wished you to concede to America, at a time when she
prayed concession at our feet. --Burke.
Conceit \Con*ceit"\, n. [Through French, fr. L. conceptus a
conceiving, conception, fr. concipere to conceive: cf. OF. p.
p. nom. conciez conceived. See {Conceive}, and cf. {Concept},
{Deceit}.]
1. That which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind;
idea; thought; image; conception.
In laughing, there ever procedeth a conceit of
somewhat ridiculous. --Bacon.
A man wise in his own conceit. --Prov. xxvi.
12.
2. Faculty of conceiving ideas; mental faculty; apprehension;
as, a man of quick conceit. [Obs.]
How often, alas! did her eyes say unto me that they
loved! and yet I, not looking for such a matter, had
not my conceit open to understand them. --Sir P.
Sidney.
3. Quickness of apprehension; active imagination; lively
fancy.
His wit's as thick as Tewksbury mustard; there's
more conceit in him than is in a mallet. --Shak.
4. A fanciful, odd, or extravagant notion; a quant fancy; an
unnatural or affected conception; a witty thought or turn
of expression; a fanciful device; a whim; a quip.
On his way to the gibbet, a freak took him in the
head to go off with a conceit. --L'Estrange.
Some to conceit alone their works confine, And
glittering thoughts struck out at every line.
--Pope.
Tasso is full of conceits . . . which are not only
below the dignity of heroic verse but contrary to
its nature. --Dryden.
5. An overweening idea of one's self; vanity.
Plumed with conceit he calls aloud. --Cotton.
6. Design; pattern. [Obs.] --Shak.
{In conceit with}, in accord with; agreeing or conforming.
{Out of conceit with}, not having a favorable opinion of; not
pleased with; as, a man is out of conceit with his dress.
{To put [one] out of conceit with}, to make one indifferent
to a thing, or in a degree displeased with it.
Conceit \Con*ceit"\, v. t.
To conceive; to imagine. [Archaic]
The strong, by conceiting themselves weak, are therebly
rendered as inactive . . . as if they really were so.
--South.
One of two bad ways you must conceit me, Either a
coward or a flatterer. --Shak.
Conceit \Con*ceit"\, v. i.
To form an idea; to think. [Obs.]
Those whose . . . vulgar apprehensions conceit but low
of matrimonial purposes. --Milton.
Conceited \Con*ceit"ed\, a.
1. Endowed with fancy or imagination. [Obs.]
He was . . . pleasantly conceited, and sharp of wit.
--Knolles.
2. Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; vain.
If you think me too conceited Or to passion quickly
heated. --Swift.
Conceited of their own wit, science, and politeness.
--Bentley.
3. Curiously contrived or designed; fanciful. [Obs.]
A conceited chair to sleep in. --Evelyn.
Syn: Vain; proud; opinionated; egotistical.
Conceitedly \Con*ceit"ed*ly\, adv.
1. In an egotistical manner.
2. Fancifully; whimsically.
Conceitedness \Con*ceit"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being conceited; conceit; vanity. --Addison.
Conceitless \Con*ceit"less\, a.
Without wit; stupid. [Obs.]
Think'st thou I am so shallow, so conceitless. To be
seduced by thy flattery? --Shak.
Conceivable \Con*ceiv"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. concevable.]
Capable of being conceived, imagined, or understood. ``Any
conceivable weight.'' --Bp. Wilkins.
It is not conceivable that it should be indeed that
very person whose shape and voice it assumed.
--Atterbury.
-- {Con*ceiv"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Con*ceiv"a*bly}, adv.
Conceive \Con*ceive"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conceived}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conceiving}.] [OF. conzoivre, concever, conceveir, F.
concevoir, fr. L. oncipere to take, to conceive; con- +
capere to seize or take. See {Capable}, and cf.
{Conception}.]
1. To receive into the womb and begin to breed; to begin the
formation of the embryo of.
She hath also conceived a son in her old age. --Luke
i. 36.
2. To form in the mind; to plan; to devise; to generate; to
originate; as, to conceive a purpose, plan, hope.
It was among the ruins of the Capitol that I first
conceived the idea of a work which has amused and
exercised near twenty years of my life. --Gibbon.
Conceiving and uttering from the heart words of
falsehood. --Is. lix. 13.
3. To apprehend by reason or imagination; to take into the
mind; to know; to imagine; to comprehend; to understand.
``I conceive you.'' --Hawthorne.
O horror, horror, horror! Tongue nor heart Cannot
conceive nor name thee! --Shak.
You will hardly conceive him to have been bred in
the same climate. --Swift.
Syn: To apprehend; imagine; suppose; understand; comprehend;
believe; think.
Conceive \Con*ceive"\, v. i.
1. To have an embryo or fetus formed in the womb; to breed;
to become pregnant.
A virgin shall conceive, and bear a son. --Isa. vii.
14.
2. To have a conception, idea, or opinion; think; -- with of.
Conceive of things clearly and distinctly in their
own natures. --I. Watts.
Conceiver \Con*ceiv"er\, n.
One who conceives.
Concelebrate \Con*cel"e*brate\, v. t. [L. concelebratus, p. p.
of concelebrare to concelebrate.]
To celebrate together. [Obs.] --Holland.
Concent \Con*cent"\, n. [L. concentus, fr. concinere to sing
together; con- + canere to sing.]
1. Concert of voices; concord of sounds; harmony; as, a
concent of notes. [Archaic.] --Bacon.
That undisturbed song of pure concent. --Milton.
2. Consistency; accordance. [Obs.]
In concent to his own principles. --Atterbury.
Concenter \Con*cen"ter\, Concentre \Con*cen"tre\, v. i. [imp. &
p. p. {Concentered} or {Concentred}; p. pr & vb. n.
{Concentering}or {Concentring}.] [F. concentrer, fr. L. con-
+ centrum center. See {Center}, and cf. {Concentrate}]
To come to one point; to meet in, or converge toward, a
common center; to have a common center.
God, in whom all perfections concenter. --Bp.
Beveridge.
Concenter \Con*cen"ter\, Concentre \Con*cen"tre\, v. t.
To draw or direct to a common center; to bring together at a
focus or point, as two or more lines; to concentrate.
In thee concentering all their precious beams.
--Milton.
All is concentered in a life intense. --Byren.
Concentrate \Con*cen"trate\ (? or ?), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Concentrated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Concentrating}.] [Pref. con-
+ L. centrum center. Cf. {Concenter}.]
1. To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite
more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force; to
fix; as, to concentrate rays of light into a focus; to
concentrate the attention.
(He) concentrated whole force at his own camp.
--Motley.
2. To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a
liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless
material; to condense; as, to concentrate acid by
evaporation; to concentrate by washing; -- opposed to
{dilute}.
Spirit of vinegar concentrated and reduced to its
greatest strength. --Arbuthnot.
Syn: To combine; to condense; to consolidate.
Concentrate \Con*cen"trate\ (? or ?), v. i.
To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate; as,
population tends to concentrate in cities.
Concentration \Con`cen*tra"tion\, n. [Cf. F. concentration.]
1. The act or process of concentrating; the process of
becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated;
concentration.
Concentration of the lunar beams. --Boyle.
Intense concetration of thought. --Sir J.
Herschel.
2. The act or process of reducing the volume of a liquid, as
by evaporation.
The acid acquires a higher degree of concentration.
--Knight.
3. (Metal.) The act or process of removing the dress of ore
and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as
by currents of air or water.
Concentrative \Con*cen"tra*tive\, a.
Serving or tending to concentrate; characterized by
concentration.
A discrimination is only possible by a concentrative
act, or act of attention. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Concentrativeness \Con*cen"tra*tive*ness\, n.
1. The quality of concentrating.
2. (Phren.) The faculty or propensity which has to do with
concentrating the intellectual the intellectual powers.
--Combe.
Concentrator \Con"cen*tra`tor\, n. (Mining)
An apparatus for the separation of dry comminuted ore, by
exposing it to intermittent puffs of air. --Knight.
Concentric \Con*cen"tric\, Concentrical \Con*cen"tric*al\, a.
[F. concentrique. See {Concenter}.]
Having a common center, as circles of different size, one
within another.
Concentric circles upon the surface of the water. --Sir
I. Newton.
Concentrical rings like those of an onion. --Arbuthnot.
Concentric \Con*cen"tric\, n.
That which has a common center with something else.
Its pecular relations to its concentrics. --Coleridge.
Concentrically \Con*cen"tric*al*ly\, adv.
In a concentric manner.
Concentricity \Con`cen*tric"i*ty\, n.
The state of being concentric.
Concentual \Con*cen"tu*al\, a. [From {Concent}.]
Possessing harmony; accordant. [R.] --Warton.
Concept \Con"cept\, n. [L. conceptus (cf. neut. conceptum
fetus), p. p. of concipere to conceive: cf. F. concept. See
{Conceit}.]
An abstract general conception; a notion; a universal.
The words conception, concept, notion, should be
limited to the thought of what can not be represented
in the imagination; as, the thought suggested by a
general term. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Conceptacle \Con*cep"ta*cle\, n. [L. conceptaculum, fr.
concipere to receive. See {Conceive}.]
1. That in which anything is contained; a vessel; a receiver
or receptacle. [Obs.] --Woodward.
2. (Bot.)
(a) A pericarp, opening longitudinally on one side and
having the seeds loose in it; a follicle; a double
follicle or pair of follicles.
(b) One of the cases containing the spores, etc., of
flowerless plants, especially of algae.
Conceptibility \Con*cep`ti*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being conceivable; conceivableness.
--Cudworth.
Conceptible \Con*cep"ti*ble\, a. [See {Conceive}.]
Capable of being conceived; conceivable. --Sir M. Hale.
Conception \Con*cep"tion\, n. [F. conception, L. conceptio, fr.
concipere to conceive. See {Conceive}.]
1. The act of conceiving in the womb; the initiation of an
embryonic animal life.
I will greaty multiply thy sorrow and thy
conception. --Gen. iii.
16.
2. The state of being conceived; beginning.
Joy had the like conception in our eyes. --Shak.
3. The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in
the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or
perception.
Under the article of conception, I shall confine
myself to that faculty whose province it is to
enable us to form a notion of our past sensations,
or of the objects of sense that we have formerly
perceived. --Stewart.
4. The formation in the mind of an image, idea, or notion,
apprehension.
Conception consists in a conscious act of the
understanding, bringing any given object or
impression into the same class with any number of
other objects or impression, by means of some
character or characters common to them all.
--Coleridge.
5. The image, idea, or notion of any action or thing which is
formed in the mind; a concept; a notion; a universal; the
product of a rational belief or judgment. See {Concept}.
He [Herodotus] says that the sun draws or attracts
the water; a metaphorical term obviously intended to
denote some more general and abstract conception
than that of the visible operation which the word
primarily signifies. --Whewell.
6. Idea; purpose; design.
Note this dangerous conception. --Shak.
7. Conceit; affected sentiment or thought. [Obs.]
He . . . is full of conceptions, points of epigram,
and witticism. --Dryden.
Syn: Idea; notion; perception; apprehemsion; comprehension.
Conceptional \Con*cep"tion*al\, a.
Pertaining to conception.
Conceptionalist \Con*cep"tion*al*ist\, n.
A conceptualist.
Conceptious \Con*cep"tious\, a.
Apt to conceive; fruitful. [Obs.] --Shak.
Conceptive \Con*cep"tive\, a. [Cf. F. conceptif, L.
conceptivus.]
Capable of conceiving. --Sir T. Browne
Conceptual \Con*cep"tu*al\, a.
Pertaining to conception.
Conceptualism \Con*cep"tu*al*ism\, n. (Metaph.)
A theory, intermediate between realism and nominalism, that
the mind has the power of forming for itself general
conceptions of individual or single objects. --Stewart.
Conceptualist \Con*cep"tu*al*ist\, n. (Metaph.)
One who maintains the theory of conceptualism. --Stewart.
Concern \Con*cern"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Concerned}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Concerning}.] [F. concerner, LL. concernere to
regard, concern, fr. L. concernere to mix or mingle together,
as in a sieve for separating; con- + cernere to separate,
sift, distinguish by the senses, and especially by the eyes,
to perceive, see. See {Certain}.]
1. To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection
with; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.
Preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those
things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ. --Acts
xxviii. 31.
Our wars with France have affected us in our most
tender interests, and concerned us more than those
with any other nation. --Addison.
It much concerns a preacher first to learn The
genius of his audience and their turn. --Dodsley.
Ignorant, so far as the usual instruction is
concerned. --J. F.
Cooper.
2. To engage by feeling or sentiment; to interest; as, a good
prince concerns himself in the happiness of his subjects.
They think themselves out the reach of Providence,
and no longer concerned to solicit his favor.
--Rogers.
Concern \Con*cern"\, v. i.
To be of importance. [Obs.]
Which to deny concerns more than avails. --Shak.
Concern \Con*cern"\, n.
1. That which relates or belongs to one; business; affair.
The private concerns of fanilies. --Addison.
2. That which affects the welfare or happiness; interest;
moment.
Mysterious secrets of a high concern. --Roscommon.
3. Interest in, or care for, any person or thing; regard;
solicitude; anxiety.
O Marcia, let me hope thy kind concerns And gentle
wishes follow me to battle. --Addison.
4. (Com.) Persons connected in business; a firm and its
business; as, a banking concern.
{The whole concern}, all connected with a particular affair
or business.
Syn: Care; anxiety; solicitude; interest; regard; business;
affair; matter; moment. See {Care}.
Concerned \Con*cerned"\, a. [See {Concern}, v. t., 2.]
Disturbed; troubled; solicitous; as, to be much concerned for
the safety of a friend.
Concernedly \Con*cern"ed*ly\, adv.
In a concerned manner; solicitously; sympathetically.
Concerning \Con*cern"ing\, prep.
Pertaining to; regarding; having relation to; respecting; as
regards.
I have accepted thee concerning this thing. --Gen. xix.
21.
The Lord hath spoken good concerning Israel. --Num. x.
29.
Concerning \Con*cern"ing\, a.
Important. [Archaic]
So great and so concerning truth. --South.
Concerning \Con*cern"ing\, n.
1. That in which one is concerned or interested; concern;
affair; interest. ``Our everlasting concernments.'' --I.
Watts.
To mix with thy concernments I desist. --Milton.
2. Importance; moment; consequence.
Let every action of concernment to begun with
prayer. --Jer. Taylor.
3. Concern; participation; interposition.
He married a daughter to the earl without any other
approbation of her father or concernment in it, than
suffering him and her come into his presence.
--Clarendon.
4. Emotion of mind; solicitude; anxiety.
While they are so eager to destroy the fame of
others, their ambition is manifest in their
concernment. --Dryden.
Concert \Con*cert"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Concerted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Concerting}.] [F. concerter, It. concertare,
conertare, prob. from L. consertus, p. p. of conserere to
join together; con- + serere to join together, influenced by
concertare to contend; con- + centare to strive; properly, to
try to decide; fr. cernere to distinguish. See {Series}, and
cf. {Concern}.]
1. To plan together; to settle or adjust by conference,
agreement, or consultation.
It was concerted to begin the siege in March. --Bp.
Burnet.
2. To plan; to devise; to arrange.
A commander had more trouble to concert his defense
before the people than to plan . . . the campaign.
--Burke.
Concert \Con*cert"\, v. i.
To act in harmony or conjunction; to form combined plans.
The ministers of Denmark were appointed to concert with
Talbot. --Bp. Burnet
Concert \Con"cert\ (k[o^]n"s[~e]rt), n. [F. concert, It.
concerto, conserto, fr. concertare. See {Concert}, v. t.]
1. Agreement in a design or plan; union formed by mutual
communication of opinions and views; accordance in a
scheme; harmony; simultaneous action.
All these discontents, how ruinous soever, have
arisen from the want of a due communication and
concert. --Swift.
2. Musical accordance or harmony; concord.
Let us in concert to the season sing. --Cowper.
3. A musical entertainment in which several voices or
instruments take part.
Visit by night your lady's chamber window With some
sweet concert. --Shak.
And boding screech owls make the concert full.
--Shak.
{Concert pitch}. See under {Pitch}.
Concertante \Con`cer*tan"te\ (?; It. ?), n. [It., orig p. pr. of
concertare to form or perform a concert. See {Concert}.]
(Mus.)
A concert for two or more principal instruments, with
orchestral accompaniment. Also adjectively; as, concertante
parts.
Concertation \Con`cer*ta"tion\, n. [L. concertatio.]
Strife; contention. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Concertative \Con*cer"ta*tive\, a. [L. concertativus.]
Contentious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Concerted \Con*cert"ed\, a.
Mutually contrived or planned; agreed on; as, concerted
schemes, signals.
{Concerted piece} (Mus.), a composition in parts for several
voices or instrument, as a trio, a quartet, etc.
Concertina \Con`cer*ti"na\, n. [From It. concerto a concert.]
A small musical instrument on the principle of the accordion.
It is a small elastic box, or bellows, having free reeds on
the inside, and keys and handles on the outside of each of
the two hexagonal heads.
Concertino \Con`cer*ti"no\, n. [See {Concertina}.] (Mus.)
A piece for one or more solo instruments with orchestra; --
more concise than the {concerto}.
Concertion \Con*cer"tion\, n.
Act of concerting; adjustment. [R.] --Young.
Concertmeister \Con*cert`meis"ter\, n. [G.] (Mus.)
The head violinist or leader of the strings in an orchestra;
the sub-leader of the orchestra; concert master.
Concerto \Con*cer"to\ (?; It. ?), n.; pl. {Concertos}. [It. See
{Concert}, n.] (Mus.)
A composition (usually in symphonic form with three
movements) in which one instrument (or two or three) stands
out in bold relief against the orchestra, or accompaniment,
so as to display its qualities or the performer's skill.
Concession \Con*ces"sion\, n. [L. concessio, fr. concedere: cf.
F. concession. See {Concede}.]
1. The act of conceding or yielding; usually implying a
demand, claim, or request, and thus distinguished from
giving, which is voluntary or spontaneous.
By mutual concession the business was adjusted.
--Hallam.
2. A thing yielded; an acknowledgment or admission; a boon; a
grant; esp. a grant by government of a privilege or right
to do something; as, a concession to build a canal.
This is therefore a concession, that he doth . . .
believe the Scriptures to be sufficiently plain.
--Sharp.
When a lover becomes satisfied by small compliances
without further pursuits, then expect to find
popular assemblies content with small concessions.
--Swift.
Concessionist \Con*ces"sion*ist\, n.
One who favors concession.
Concessive \Con*ces"sive\, a. [L. concessivus.]
Implying concession; as, a concessive conjunction. --Lowth.
Concessively \Con*ces"sive*ly\, adv.
By way of concession.
Concessory \Con*ces"so*ry\, a.
Conceding; permissive.
Concettism \Con*cet"tism\, n.
The use of concetti or affected conceits. [R.] --C. Kingsley.
Concetto \Con*cet"to\ (?; It. ?), n.; pl. {Concetti}. [It., fr.
L. conceptus. See {Conceit}.]
Affected wit; a conceit. --Chesterfield.
Conch \Conch\, n. [L. concha, Gr. ?. See {Coach}, n.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A name applied to various marine univalve
shells; esp. to those of the genus {Strombus}, which are
of large size. {S. gigas} is the large pink West Indian
conch. The large king, queen, and cameo conchs are of the
genus {Cassis}. See {Cameo}.
Note: The conch is sometimes used as a horn or trumpet, as in
fogs at sea, or to call laborers from work.
2. In works of art, the shell used by Tritons as a trumpet.
3. One of the white natives of the Bahama Islands or one of
their descendants in the Florida Keys; -- so called from
the commonness of the conch there, or because they use it
for food.
4. (Arch.) See {Concha}, n.
5. The external ear. See {Concha}, n., 2.
Concha \Con"cha\, n. [LL. (in sense 1), fr. ? concha. See
{Conch}.]
1. (Arch.) The plain semidome of an apse; sometimes used for
the entire apse.
2. (Anat.) The external ear; esp. the largest and deepest
concavity of the external ear, surrounding the entrance to
the auditory canal.
Conchal \Con"chal\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the concha, or external ear; as, the conchal
cartilage.
Conchifer \Con"chi*fer\, n. [Cf. F. conchof[`e]re.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Conchifera.
Conchifera \Con*chif"e*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. concha + ferre
to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
That class of Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells; the
Lamellibranchiata. See {Mollusca}.
Conchiferous \Con*chif"er*ous\, a.
Producing or having shells.
Conchiform \Con"chi*form\, a. [Conch + -form.]
Shaped like one half of a bivalve shell; shell-shaped.
Conchinine \Con"chi*nine\ (? or ?), n. [Formed by transposition
fr. cinchonine.]
See {Quinidine}.
Conchite \Con"chite\, n. [Cf. F. conchite. See {Conch}.]
(Paleon.)
A fossil or petrified conch or shell.
Conchitic \Con*chit"ic\, a.
Composed of shells; containing many shells.
Conchoid \Con"choid\, n. [Gr. ?; ? shell + ? form: cf. F.
concho["i]de.] (Geom.)
A curve, of the fourth degree, first made use of by the Greek
geometer, Nicomedes, who invented it for the purpose of
trisecting an angle and duplicating the cube.
Conchoidal \Con*choid"al\, a. [Cf. F. concho["i]dal.] (Min.)
Having elevations or depressions in form like one half of a
bivalve shell; -- applied principally to a surface produced
by fracture.
Conchological \Con`cho*log"ic*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, or connected with, conchology.
Conchologist \Con*chol"o*gist\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One who studies, or is versed in, conchology.
Conchology \Con*chol"o*gy\, n. [Conch + -logy.] (Zo["o]l.)
The science of Mollusca, and of the shells which they form;
malacology.
Conchometer \Con*chom"e*ter\, n. [Conch + -meter.] (Zo["o]l.)
An instrument for measuring shells, or the angle of their
spire.
Conchometry \Con*chom"e*try\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The art of measuring shells or their curves; conchyliometry.
Concho-spiral \Con`cho-spi"ral\, n.
A kind of spiral curve found in certain univalve shells.
--Agassiz.
Conchylaceous \Con`chy*la"ceous\, Conchyliaceous
\Con*chyl`i*a"ceous\, a. [L. conchylium shell, Gr. ?, dim. of ?,
equiv. to ?. See {Conch}.]
Of or pertaining to shells; resembling a shell; as,
conchyliaceous impressions. --Kirwan.
Conchyliologist \Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gist\, n., Conchyliology
\Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gy\, n.
See {Conchologist}, and {Conchology}.
Conchyliometry \Con*chyl`i*om"e*try\, n. [Gr. ? + -metry.]
Same as {Conchometry}.
Conchylious \Con*chyl"i*ous\, a.
Conchylaceous.
Conciator \Con"ci*a`tor\, n. [It. conciatore, fr. conciare to
adjust, dress, fr. L. comtus, p. p. See {Compt}, a.] (Glass
Works)
The person who weighs and proportions the materials to be
made into glass, and who works and tempers them.
Concierge \Con`cierge"\, n. [F.]
One who keeps the entrance to an edifice, public or private;
a doorkeeper; a janitor, male or female.
Conciliable \Con*cil"i*a*ble\, n. [L. conciliabulum, fr.
concitium assembly: cf. F. conciliabule. See {Council}.]
A small or private assembly, especially of an ecclesiastical
nature. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Conciliable \Con*cil"i*a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. conciliable.]
Capable of being conciliated or reconciled. --Milton.
Conciliabule \Con*cil"i*a*bule\, n. [See {Conciliable}, n.]
An obscure ecclesiastical council; a conciliable. --Milman.
Conciliar \Con*cil"i*ar\, Conciliary \Con*cil"i*a*ry\a. [Cf. F.
conciliare.]
Of or pertaining to, or issued by, a council. --Jer. Taylor.
Conciliate \Con*cil"i*ate\ (?; 106), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Conciliated}; p. pr & vb. n. {Conciliating}.] [L.
conciliatus, p. p. of conciliare to draw or bring together,
unite, from concilium council. See {Council}.]
To win ower; to gain from a state of hostility; to gain the
good will or favor of; to make friendly; to mollify; to
propitiate; to appease.
The rapacity of his father's administration had excited
such universal discontent, that it was found expedient
to conciliate the nation. --Hallam.
Syn: To reconcile; propitiate; appease; pacify.
Conciliation \Con*cil`i*a"tion\, n. [L. conciliatio.]
The act or process of conciliating; the state of being
conciliated.
The house has gone further; it has declared
conciliation admissible previous to any submission on
the part of America. --Burke.
Conciliative \Con*cil"i*a*tive\, a.
Conciliatory. --Coleridge.
Conciliator \Con*cil"i*a`tor\, n. [L.]
One who conciliates.
Conciliatory \Con*cil"i*a*to*ry\ (?; 106), a.
Tending to conciliate; pacific; mollifying; propitiating.
The only alternative, therefore, was to have recourse
to the conciliatory policy. --Prescott.
Concinnate \Con*cin"nate\, v. t. [L. concinnatus, p. p. of
concinnare to concinnate. See {Concinnity}.]
To place fitly together; to adapt; to clear. [Obs.]
--Holland.
Concinnity \Con*cin"ni*ty\, n. [L. concinnitas, fr. concinnus
skillfully put together, beautiful. Of uncertain origin.]
Internal harmony or fitness; mutual adaptation of parts;
elegance; -- used chiefly of style of discourse. [R.]
An exact concinnity and eveness of fancy. --Howell.
Concinnous \Con*cin"nous\, a. [L. concinnus.]
Characterized by concinnity; neat; elegant. [R.]
The most concinnous and most rotund of proffessors, M.
Heyne. --De Quiency.
Concionate \Con"cio*nate\, v. i. [L. concionatus, p. p. of
concionari to adress.]
To preach. [Obs.] --Lithgow.
Concionator \Con"cio*na`tor\, n. [L.]
1. An haranguer of the people; a preacher.
2. (Old Law) A common councilman. [Obs.]
Concionatory \Con"cio*na`to*ry\ (?; 106), a.
Of or pertaining to preaching or public addresses. [Obs.]
--Howell.
Concise \Con*cise"\, a. [L. concisus cut off, short, p. p. of
concidere to cut to pieces; con- + caedere to cut; perh. akin
to scindere to cleave, and to E. shed, v. t.; cf. F. concis.]
Expressing much in a few words; condensed; brief and
compacted; -- used of style in writing or speaking.
The concise style, which expresseth not enough, but
leaves somewhat to be understood. --B. Jonson.
Where the author is . . . too brief and concise,
amplify a little. --I. Watts.
Syn: Laconic; terse; brief; short; compendious; summary;
succinct. See {Laconic}, and {Terse}.
Concisely \Con*cise"ly\, adv.
In a concise manner; briefly.
Conciseness \Con*cise"ness\, n.
The quality of being concise.
Concision \Con*ci"sion\, n. [L. concisio: cf. F. concision. See
{Concise}.]
A cutting off; a division; a schism; a faction. --South.
Concitation \Con`ci*ta"tion\, n. [L. concitatio. See {Concite}.]
The act of stirring up, exciting, or agitating. [Obs.] ``The
concitation of humors.'' --Sir T. Browne.
Concite \Con*cite"\, v. t. [L. concitare; con- + citare. See
Cite.]
To excite or stir up. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
Conclamation \Con`cla*ma"tion\, n. [L. conclamatio.]
An outcry or shout of many together. [R.]
Before his funeral conclamation. --May (Lucan).
Conclave \Con"clave\ (? or ?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. conclave a
room that may locked up; con- + clavis key. See {Clavicle}.]
1. The set of apartments within which the cardinals of the
Roman Catholic Church are continuously secluded while
engaged in choosing a pope.
2. The body of cardinals shut up in the conclave for the
election of a pope; hence, the body of cardinals.
It was said a cardinal, by reason of his apparent
likelihood to step into St. Peter's chair, that in
two conclaves he went in pope and came out again
cardinal. --South.
3. A private meeting; a close or secret assembly.
The verdicts pronounced by this conclave (Johnson's
Club) on new books, were speedily known over all
London. --Macaulay.
{To be in conclave}, to be engaged in a secret meeting; --
said of several, or a considerable number of, persons.
Conclavist \Con"cla`vist\, n. [Cf. F. conclaviste, It.
conclavista.]
One of the two ecclesiastics allowed to attend a cardinal in
the conclave.
Conclude \Con*clude"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Concluded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Concluding}.] [L. concludere, conclusum; con- +
claudere to shut. See {Close}, v. t.]
1. To shut up; to inclose. [Obs.]
The very person of Christ [was] concluded within the
grave. --Hooker.
2. To include; to comprehend; to shut up together; to
embrace. [Obs.]
For God hath concluded all in unbelief. --Rom. xi.
32.
The Scripture hath concluded all under sin. --Gal.
iii. 22.
3. To reach as an end of reasoning; to infer, as from
premises; to close, as an argument, by inferring; --
sometimes followed by a dependent clause.
No man can conclude God's love or hatred to any
person by anything that befalls him. --Tillotson.
Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by
faith. --Rom. iii.
28.
4. To make a final determination or judgment concerning; to
judge; to decide.
But no frail man, however great or high, Can be
concluded blest before he die. --Addison.
Is it concluded he shall be protector? --Shak.
5. To bring to an end; to close; to finish.
I will conclude this part with the speech of a
counselor of state. --Bacon.
6. To bring about as a result; to effect; to make; as, to
conclude a bargain. ``If we conclude a peace.'' --Shak.
7. To shut off; to restrain; to limit; to estop; to bar; --
generally in the passive; as, the defendant is concluded
by his own plea; a judgment concludes the introduction of
further evidence argument.
If therefore they will appeal to revelation for
their creation they must be concluded by it. --Sir
M. Hale.
Syn: To infer; decide; determine; settle; close; finish;
terminate; end.
Conclude \Con*clude"\, v. i.
1. To come to a termination; to make an end; to close; to
end; to terminate.
A train of lies, That, made in lust, conclude in
perjuries. --Dryden.
And, to conclude, The victory fell on us. --Shak.
2. To form a final judgment; to reach a decision.
Can we conclude upon Luther's instability? --Bp.
Atterbury.
Conclude and be agreed. --Shak.
Concludency \Con*clud"en*cy\, n.
Deduction from premises; inference; conclusion. [Obs.] --Sir
M. Hale.
Concludent \Con*clud"ent\, a. [L. concludens, p. pr.]
Bringing to a close; decisive; conclusive. [Obs.]
Arguments highly consequential and concludent to my
purpose. --Sir M. Hale.
Concluder \Con*clud"er\, n.
One who concludes.
Concludingly \Con*clud"ing*ly\, adv.
Conclusively. [R.] --Digby.
Conclusible \Con*clu"si*ble\, a.
Demonstrable; determinable. [Obs.] --Hammond.
Conclusion \Con*clu"sion\, n. [F., fr. L. conclusio. See
{Conclude}.]
1. The last part of anything; close; termination; end.
A fluorish of trumpets announced the conclusion of
the contest. --Prescott.
2. Final decision; determination; result.
And the conclusion is, she shall be thine. --Shak.
3. Any inference or result of reasoning.
4. (Logic) The inferred proposition of a syllogism; the
necessary consequence of the conditions asserted in two
related propositions called premises. See {Syllogism}.
He granted him both the major and minor, but denied
him the conclusion. --Addison.
5. Drawing of inferences. [Poetic]
Your wife Octavia, with her modest eyes And still
conclusion. --Shak.
6. An experiment, or something from which a conclusion may be
drawn. [Obs.]
We practice likewise all conclusions of grafting and
inoculating. --Bacon.
7. (Law)
(a) The end or close of a pleading, e.g., the formal
ending of an indictment, ``against the peace,'' etc.
(b) An estoppel or bar by which a person is held to a
particular position. --Wharton.
{Conclusion to the country} (Law), the conclusion of a
pleading by which a party ``puts himself upon the
country,'' i.e., appeals to the verdict of a jury.
--Mozley & W.
{In conclusion}.
(a) Finally.
(b) In short.
{To try conclusions}, to make a trial or an experiment.
Like the famous ape, To try conclusions, in the
basket creep. --Shak.
Syn: Inference; deduction; result; consequence; end;
decision. See {Inference}.
Conclusive \Con*clu"sive\, a. [Cf. F. conclusif.]
Belonging to a close or termination; decisive; convincing;
putting an end to debate or question; leading to, or
involving, a conclusion or decision.
Secret reasons . . . equally conclusive for us as they
were for them. --Rogers.
{Conclusive evidence} (Law), that of which, from its nature,
the law allows no contradiction or explanation.
{Conclusive presumption} (Law), an inference which the law
makes so peremptorily that it will not allow it to be
overthrown by any contrary proof, however strong.
Syn: Final; ultimate; unanswerable. See {Final}.
Conclusively \Con*clu"sive*ly\, adv.
In the way of conclusion; decisively; positively. --Burke.
Conclusiveness \Con*clu"sive*ness\, n.
The quality of being conclusive; decisiveness.
Conclusory \Con*clu"so*ry\, a.
Conclusive. [R.]
Concoct \Con*coct"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Concocted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Concocting}.] [L. concoctus, p. p. of concoquere to
cook together, to digest, mature; con- + coquere to cook. See
{Cook}.]
1. To digest; to convert into nourishment by the organs of
nutrition. [Obs.]
Food is concocted, the heart beats, the blood
circulates. --Cheyne.
2. To purify or refine chemically. [Obs.] --Thomson.
3. To prepare from crude materials, as food; to invent or
prepare by combining different ingredients; as, to concoct
a new dish or beverage.
4. To digest in the mind; to devise; to make up; to contrive;
to plan; to plot.
He was a man of a feeble stomach, unable to concoct
any great fortune. --Hayward.
5. To mature or perfect; to ripen. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Concocter \Con*coct"er\, n.
One who concocts.
Concoction \Con*coc"tion\, n. [L. concoctio.]
1. A change in food produced by the organs of nutrition;
digestion. [Obs.]
2. The act of concocting or preparing by combining different
ingredients; also, the food or compound thus prepared.
3. The act of digesting in the mind; planning or devising;
rumination. --Donne.
4. (Med.) Abatement of a morbid process, as a fever and
return to a normal condition. [Obs.]
5. The act of perfecting or maturing. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Concoctive \Con*coct"ive\, a.
Having the power of digesting or ripening; digestive.
Hence the concoctive powers, with various art, Subdue
the cruder aliments to chyle. --J.
Armstrong.
Concolor \Con"col`or\, a. [L. concolor; con- + color color.]
Of the same color; of uniform color. [R.] ``Concolor
animals.'' --Sir T. Browne.
Concolorous \Con"col`or*ous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of the same color throughout.
Concomitance \Con*com"i*tance\, Concomitancy \Con*com"i*tan*cy\,
n. [Cf. F. concomitance, fr. LL. concomitantia.]
1. The state of accompanying; accompaniment.
The secondary action subsisteth not alone, but in
concomitancy with the other. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. (R.C.Ch.) The doctrine of the existence of the entire body
of Christ in the eucharist, under each element, so that
the body and blood are both received by communicating in
one kind only.
Concomitant \Con*com"i*tant\, a. [F., fr. L. con- + comitari to
accompany, comes companion. See {Count} a nobleman.]
Accompanying; conjoined; attending.
It has pleased our wise Creator to annex to several
objects, as also to several of our thoughts, a
concomitant pleasure. --Locke.
Concomitant \Con*com"i*tant\, n.
One who, or that which, accompanies, or is collaterally
connected with another; a companion; an associate; an
accompaniment.
Reproach is a concomitant to greatness. --Addison.
The other concomitant of ingratitude is
hardheartedness. --South.
Concomitantly \Con*com"i*tant*ly\, adv.
In company with others; unitedly; concurrently. --Bp.
pearson.
Concord \Con"cord\, n. [F. concorde, L. concordia, fr. concors
of the same mind, agreeing; con- + cor, cordis, heart. See
{Heart}, and cf. {Accord}.]
1. A state of agreement; harmony; union.
Love quarrels oft in pleasing concord end. --Milton.
2. Agreement by stipulation; compact; covenant; treaty or
league. [Obs.]
The concord made between Henry and Roderick.
--Davies.
3. (Gram.) Agreement of words with one another, in gender,
number, person, or case.
4. (Old Law) An agreement between the parties to a fine of
land in reference to the manner in which it should pass,
being an acknowledgment that the land in question belonged
to the complainant. See {Fine}. --Burril.
5. [Prob. influenced by chord.] (Mus.) An agreeable
combination of tones simultaneously heard; a consonant
chord; consonance; harmony.
Concord \Con"cord\, n.
A variety of American grape, with large dark blue (almost
black) grapes in compact clusters.
Concord \Con*cord"\, v. i. [F. concorder, L. concordare.]
To agree; to act together. [Obs.] --Clarendon.
Concordable \Con*cord"a*ble\, a. [L. concordabilis.]
Capable of according; agreeing; harmonious.
Concordance \Con*cord"ance\, n. [F., fr. LL. concordantia.]
1. Agreement; accordance.
Contrasts, and yet concordances. --Carlyle.
2. (Gram.) Concord; agreement. [Obs.] --Aschlam.
3. An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the
text of a book where each principal word may be found,
with its immediate context in each place.
His knowledge of the Bible was such, that he might
have been called a living concordance. --Macaulay.
4. A topical index or orderly analysis of the contents of a
book.
Concordancy \Con*cord"an*cy\, n.
Agreement. --W. Montagu.
Concordant \Con*cord"ant\, a. [L. concordans, p. pr. of
concordare: cf. F. concordant. See {Concord}.]
Agreeing; correspondent; harmonious; consonant.
Were every one employed in points concordant to their
natures, professions, and arts, commonwealths would
rise up of themselves. --Sir T.
Browne
Concordantly \Con*cord"ant*ly\, adv.
In a concordant manner.
Concordat \Con*cor"dat\, n. [F. concordat, L. concordato, prop.
p. p. of concordare. See {Concord}.]
1. A compact, covenant, or agreement concerning anything.
2. An agreement made between the pope and a sovereign or
government for the regulation of ecclesiastical matters
with which both are concerned; as, the concordat between
Pope Pius VII and Bonaparte in 1801. --Hook.
Concordist \Con*cord"ist\, n.
The compiler of a concordance.
Concorporate \Con*cor"po*rate\, v. t. & i. [L. concorporatus, p.
p. of concorporare.]
To unite in one mass or body; to incorporate. [Archaic.]
--Jer. Taylor.
Concorporate \Con*cor"po*rate\, a.
United in one body; incorporated. [Archaic] --B. Jonson.
Concorporation \Con*cor`po*ra"tion\, n. [L. concorporatio.]
Union of things in one mass or body. [R.] --Dr. H. More.
Concourse \Con"course\, n. [F. concours, L. concursus, fr.
concurrere to run together. See {Concur}.]
1. A moving, flowing, or running together; confluence.
The good frame of the universe was not the product
of chance or fortuitous concourse of particles of
matter. --Sir M. Hale.
2. An assembly; a gathering formed by a voluntary or
spontaneous moving and meeting in one place.
Amidst the concourse were to be seen the noble
ladies of Milan, in gay, fantastic cars, shining in
silk brocade. --Prescott.
3. The place or point of meeting or junction of two bodies.
[Obs.]
The drop will begin to move toward the concourse of
the glasses. --Sir I.
Newton.
4. An open space where several roads or paths meet; esp. an
open space in a park where several roads meet.
5. Concurrence; co["o]peration. [Obs.]
The divine providence is wont to afford its
concourse to such proceeding. --Barrow.
Concreate \Con`cre*ate"\ (? or ?), v. t.
To create at the same time.
If God did concreate grace with Adam. --Jer. Taylor.
Concremation \Con`cre*ma"tion\ (? or ?), n. [L. concrematio, fr.
concremare. See {Cremate}.]
The act of burning different things together. [Obs.]
Concrement \Con"cre*ment\, n. [L. concrementum, fr. concrescere.
See {Concrete}.]
A growing together; the collection or mass formed by
concretion, or natural union. [Obs.]
The concrement of a pebble or flint. --Sir M. Hale
Concrescence \Con*cres"cence\, n. [L. concrescentia.]
Coalescence of particles; growth; increase by the addition of
particles. [R.] --Sir W. Raleigh.
Concrescible \Con*cres"ci*ble\, a. [F.]
Capable of being changed from a liquid to a solid state.
[Obs.]
They formed a . . . fixed concrescible oil. --Fourcroy
(Trans. ).
Concrescive \Con*cres"cive\, a.
Growing together, or into union; uniting. [R.] --Eclec. Rev.
Concrete \Con"crete\ (? or ?), a. [L. concretus, p. p. of
concrescere to grow together; con- + crescere to grow; cf. F.
concret. See {Crescent}.]
1. United in growth; hence, formed by coalition of separate
particles into one mass; united in a solid form.
The first concrete state, or consistent surface, of
the chaos must be of the same figure as the last
liquid state. --Bp. Burnet.
2. (Logic)
(a) Standing for an object as it exists in nature,
invested with all its qualities, as distinguished from
standing for an attribute of an object; -- opposed to
{abstract}. Hence:
(b) Applied to a specific object; special; particular; --
opposed to {general}. See {Abstract}, 3.
Concrete is opposed to abstract. The names of
individuals are concrete, those of classes
abstract. --J. S. Mill.
Concrete terms, while they express the quality,
do also express, or imply, or refer to, some
subject to which it belongs. --I. Watts.
{Concrete number}, a number associated with, or applied to, a
particular object, as three men, five days, etc., as
distinguished from an abstract number, or one used without
reference to a particular object.
{Concrete quantity}, a physical object or a collection of
such objects. --Davies & Peck.
{Concrete science}, a physical science, one having as its
subject of knowledge concrete things instead of abstract
laws.
{Concrete sound or movement of the voice}, one which slides
continuously up or down, as distinguished from a
{discrete} movement, in which the voice leaps at once from
one line of pitch to another. --Rush.
Concrete \Con"crete\, n.
1. A compound or mass formed by concretion, spontaneous
union, or coalescence of separate particles of matter in
one body.
To divide all concretes, minerals and others, into
the same number of distinct substances. --Boyle.
2. A mixture of gravel, pebbles, or broken stone with cement
or with tar, etc., used for sidewalks, roadways,
foundations, etc., and esp. for submarine structures.
3. (Logic) A term designating both a quality and the subject
in which it exists; a concrete term.
The concretes ``father'' and ``son'' have, or might
have, the abstracts ``paternity'' and ``filiety''.
--J. S. Mill.
4. (Sugar Making) Sugar boiled down from cane juice to a
solid mass.
Concrete \Con*crete"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Concreted}; p. pr &
vb. n. {Concreting}.]
To unite or coalesce, as separate particles, into a mass or
solid body.
Note: Applied to some substances, it is equivalent to
indurate; as, metallic matter concretes into a hard
body; applied to others, it is equivalent to congeal,
thicken, inspissate, coagulate, as in the concretion of
blood. ``The blood of some who died of the plague could
not be made to concrete.'' --Arbuthnot.
Concrete \Con*crete"\, v. t.
1. To form into a mass, as by the cohesion or coalescence of
separate particles.
There are in our inferior world divers bodies that
are concreted out of others. --Sir M. Hale.
2. To cover with, or form of, concrete, as a pavement.
Concretely \Con*crete"ly\, adv.
In a concrete manner.
Concreteness \Con*crete"ness\, n.
The quality of being concrete.
Concretion \Con*cre"tion\, n. [L. concretio.]
1. The process of concreting; the process of uniting or of
becoming united, as particles of matter into a mass;
solidification.
2. A mass or nodule of solid matter formed by growing
together, by congelation, condensation, coagulation,
induration, etc.; a clot; a lump; a calculus.
Accidental ossifications or deposits of phosphates
of lime in certain organs . . . are called osseous
concretions. --Dunglison.
3. (Geol.) A rounded mass or nodule produced by an
aggregation of the material around a center; as, the
calcareous concretions common in beds of clay.
Concretional \Con*cre"tion*al\, a.
Concretionary.
Concretionary \Con*cre"tion*a*ry\, a.
Pertaining to, or formed by, concretion or aggregation;
producing or containing concretions.
Concretive \Con*cre"tive\, a.
Promoting concretion. --Sir T. Browne.
Concretively \Con*cre"tive*ly\, adv.
In a concrete manner.
Concreture \Con*cre"ture\ (?; 135), n.
A mass formed by concretion. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Concrew \Con*crew"\, v. i. [See {Concrete}, a., and {Accrue}.]
To grow together. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Concrimination \Con*crim`i*na"tion\, n.
A joint accusation.
Concubinacy \Con*cu"bi*na*cy\, n.
The practice of concubinage. [Obs.] --Strype.
Concubinage \Con*cu"bi*nage\, n.
1. The cohabiting of a man and a woman who are not legally
married; the state of being a concubine.
Note: In some countries, concubinage is marriage of an
inferior kind, or performed with less solemnity than a
true or formal marriage; or marriage with a woman of
inferior condition, to whom the husband does not convey
his rank or quality. Under Roman law, it was the living
of a man and woman in sexual relations without
marriage, but in conformity with local law.
2. (Law) A plea, in which it is alleged that the woman suing
for dower was not lawfully married to the man in whose
lands she seeks to be endowed, but that she was his
concubine.
Concubinal \Con*cu"bi*nal\, a. [L. concubinalis.]
Of or pertaining to concubinage.
Concubinarian \Con*cu`bi*na"ri*an\, a. & n.
Concubinary.
The married and concubinarian, as well as looser
clergy. --Milman.
Concubinary \Con*cu"bi*na*ry\, a. [LL. concubinarius.]
Relating to concubinage; living in concubinage.
Concubinary \Con*cu"bi*na*ry\, n.; pl. {Concubinaries}.
One who lives in concubinage. --Jer. Taylor.
Concubinate \Con*cu"bi*nate\, n. [L. concubinatus.]
Concubinage. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Concubine \Con"cu*bine\, n. [F., fr. L. concubina; con- + cubare
to lie down, concumbere to lie together, akin to E. cubit.]
1. A woman who cohabits with a man without being his wife; a
paramour.
Note: Concubine has been sometimes, but rarely, used of a
male paramour as well as of a female. --Trench.
2. A wife of inferior condition; a lawful wife, but not
united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of inferior
condition. Such were Hagar and Keturah, the concubines of
Abraham; and such concubines were allowed by the Roman
laws. Their children were not heirs of their father.
Conculcate \Con*cul"cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Concultated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Conculcating}.] [L. conculcatus, p. p. of
conculcare to conculcate fr. calx heel.]
To tread or trample under foot. [Obs.] --Bp. Montagu --
{Con`cul*ca"tion}, n. [Obs.]
Concupiscence \Con*cu"pis*cence\, n. [F., fr. L.
concupiscentia.]
Sexual lust; morbid carnal passion.
Concupiscence like a pestilence walketh in darkness.
--Horne.
Concupiscent \Con*cu"pis*cent\, a. [L. concupiscens, p. pr. of
concupiscere, v. incho. of concupere to long for; con- +
cupere. See {Covet}.]
Having sexual lust; libidinous; lustful; lecherous;
salacious. --Johnson.
Concupiscential \Con*cu`pis*cen"tial\, a.
Relating to concupiscence. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Concupiscentious \Con*cu`pis*cen"tious\, a.
Concupiscent. [Obs.]
Concupiscible \Con*cu`pis*ci*ble\, a. [Cf. F. concupiscible.]
1. Exciting to, or liable to be affected by, concupiscence;
provoking lustful desires. --Shak.
2. Exciting desire, good or evil.
The schools reduce all the passions to these two
heads, the concupiscible and irascible appetite.
--South.
Concupiscibleness \Con*cu"pis*ci*ble*ness\, n.
The state of being concupiscible. [Obs.]
Concupy \Con"cu*py\, n.
Concupiscence.
Note: [Used only in ``Troilus and Cressida''] --Shak.
Concur \Con*cur"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Concurred}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Concurring}.] [L. concurrere to run together, agree; con-
+ currere to run. See {Current}.]
1. To run together; to meet. [Obs.]
Anon they fierce encountering both concurred With
grisly looks and faces like their fates. --J.
Hughes.
2. To meet in the same point; to combine or conjoin; to
contribute or help toward a common object or effect.
When outward causes concur. --Jer. Colier.
3. To unite or agree (in action or opinion); to join; to act
jointly; to agree; to coincide; to correspond.
Mr. Burke concurred with Lord Chatham in opinion.
--Fox.
Tories and Whigs had concurred in paying honor to
Walker. --Makaulay.
This concurs directly with the letter. --Shak.
4. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] --Milton.
Syn: To agree; unite; combine; conspire; coincide; approve;
acquiesce; assent.
Concurrence \Con*cur"rence\, n. [F., competition, equality of
rights, fr. LL. concurrentia competition.]
1. The act of concurring; a meeting or coming together;
union; conjunction; combination.
We have no other measure but our own ideas, with the
concurence of other probable reasons, to persuade
us. --Locke.
2. A meeting of minds; agreement in opinion; union in design
or act; -- implying joint approbation.
Tarquin the Proud was expelled by the universal
concurrence of nobles and people. --Swift.
3. Agreement or consent, implying aid or contribution of
power or influence; co["o]peration.
We collect the greatness of the work, and the
necessity of the divine concurrence to it. --Rogers.
An instinct that works us to its own purposes
without our concurrence. --Burke.
4. A common right; coincidence of equal powers; as, a
concurrence of jurisdiction in two different courts.
Concurrency \Con*cur"ren*cy\, n.
Concurrence.
Concurrent \Con*cur"rent\, a. [F. concurrent, L. concurrens, p.
pr. of concurrere.]
1. Acting in conjunction; agreeing in the same act or
opinion; contributing to the same event or effect;
co["o]perating.
I join with these laws the personal presence of the
kings' son, as a concurrent cause of this
reformation. --Sir J.
Davies.
The concurrent testimony of antiquity. --Bp.
Warburton.
2. Conjoined; associate; concomitant; existing or happening
at the same time.
There is no difference the concurrent echo and the
iterant but the quickness or slowness of the return.
--Bacon.
Changes . . . concurrent with the visual changes in
the eye. --Tyndall.
3. Joint and equal in authority; taking cognizance of similar
questions; operating on the same objects; as, the
concurrent jurisdiction of courts.
4. (Geom.) Meeting in one point.
Syn: Meeting; uniting; accompanying; conjoined; associated;
coincident; united.
Concurrent \Con*cur"rent\, n.
1. One who, or that which, concurs; a joint or contributory
cause.
To all affairs of importance there are three
necessary concurrents . . . time, industry, and
faculties. --Dr. H. More.
2. One pursuing the same course, or seeking the same objects;
hence, a rival; an opponent.
Menander . . . had no concurrent in his time that
came near unto him. --Holland.
3. (Chron.) One of the supernumerary days of the year over
fifty-two complete weeks; -- so called because they concur
with the solar cycle, the course of which they follow.
Concurrently \Con*cur"rent*ly\, adv.
With concurrence; unitedly.
Concurrentness \Con*cur"rent*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being concurrent; concurrence.
Concurring \Con*cur"ring\, a.
Agreeing.
{Concurring figure} (Geom.), one which, being laid on
another, exactly meets every part of it, or one which
corresponds with another in all its parts.
Concuss \Con*cuss"\, v. t. [L. concussus, p. p. of concutere.
See {Concussion}.]
1. To shake or agitate. ``Concussed with uncertainty.''
--Daniel.
2. (Law) To force (a person) to do something, or give up
something, by intimidation; to coerce. --Wharton.
Concussation \Con`cus*sa"tion\, n.
A violent shock or agitation. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Concussion \Con*cus"sion\, n. [L. concussio, fr. concutere,
concussum, to shake violenty; con- + quatere to shake. See
{Cashier}, {Quash}.]
1. A shaking or agitation; a shock; caused by the collision
of two bodies.
It is believed that great ringing of bells, in
populous cities, hath dissipated pestilent air;
which may be from the concussion of the air.
--Bacon.
2. (Med.) A condition of lowered functional activity, without
visible structural change, produced in an organ by a
shock, as by fall or blow; as, a concussion of the brain.
3. (Civil Law) The unlawful forcing of another by threats of
violence to yield up something of value.
Then concussion, rapine, pilleries, Their catalogue
of accusations fill. --Daniel.
{Concussion fuse} (Mil.), one that is ignited by the
concussion of the shell when it strikes.
Syn: See {Shock}.
Concussive \Con*cus"sive\, a.
Having the power or quality of shaking or agitating.
--Johnson.
Cond \Cond\, v. t. [OE. conduen, condien, F. conduire to
conduct, fr. L. conducere. See {Conduct}, and cf. {Con}
(Naut.), {Conn}. {Cun}.] (Naut.)
To con, as a ship.
Condemn \Con*demn"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Condemned}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Condemning} (? or ?).] [L. condemnare; con- + damnare
to condemn: cf. F. condamner. See {Damn}.]
1. To pronounce to be wrong; to disapprove of; to censure.
Condemn the fault, and not the actor of it! Why,
every fault's condemned ere it be done. --Shak.
Wilt thou condemn him that is most just? --Job
xxxiv. 17.
2. To declare the guilt of; to make manifest the faults or
unworthiness of; to convict of guilt.
The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment
with this generation, and shall condemn it. --Matt.
xii. 42.
3. To pronounce a judicial sentence against; to sentence to
punishment, suffering, or loss; to doom; -- with to before
the penalty.
Driven out from bliss, condemned In this abhorred
deep to utter woe. --Milton.
To each his sufferings; all are men, Condemned alike
to groan. --Gray.
And they shall condemn him to death. --Matt. xx.
18.
The thief condemned, in law already dead. --Pope.
No flocks that range the valley free, To slaughter I
condemn. --Goldsmith.
4. To amerce or fine; -- with in before the penalty.
The king of Egypt . . . condemned the land in a
hundred talents of silver. --2 Cron.
xxxvi. 3.
5. To adjudge or pronounce to be unfit for use or service; to
adjudge or pronounce to be forfeited; as, the ship and her
cargo were condemned.
6. (Law) To doom to be taken for public use, under the right
of eminent domain.
Syn: To blame; censure; reprove; reproach; upbraid;
reprobate; convict; doom; sentence; adjudge.
Condemnable \Con"dem*na"ble\, a. [L. condemnabilis.]
Worthy of condemnation; blamable; culpable.
Condemnation \Con"dem*na"tion\, n. [L. condemnatio.]
1. The act of condemning or pronouncing to be wrong; censure;
blame; disapprobation.
In every other sense of condemnation, as blame,
censure, reproof, private judgment, and the like.
--Paley.
2. The act of judicially condemning, or adjudging guilty,
unfit for use, or forfeited; the act of dooming to
punishment or forfeiture.
A legal and judicial condemnation. --Paley.
Whose condemnation is pronounced. --Shak.
3. The state of being condemned.
His pathetic appeal to posterity in the hopeless
hour of condemnation. --W. Irving.
4. The ground or reason of condemning.
This is the condemnation, that light is come into
the world, and men loved darkness rather light,
because their deeds were evil. --John iii.
19.
Condemnatory \Con*dem"na*to*ry\, a.
Condemning; containing or imposing condemnation or censure;
as, a condemnatory sentence or decree.
Condemned \Con*demned"\, a.
1. Pronounced to be wrong, guilty, worthless, or forfeited;
adjudged or sentenced to punishment, destruction, or
confiscation.
2. Used for condemned persons.
Richard Savage . . . had lain with fifty pounds
weight of irons on his legs in the condemned ward of
Newgate. --Macaulay.
Condemner \Con*dem"ner\ (? or ?), n.
One who condemns or censures.
Condensability \Con*den`sa*bil"i*ty\, n.
Capability of being condensed.
Condensable \Con*den"sa*ble\, a. [Cf. F. condensable.]
Capable of being condensed; as, vapor is condensable.
Condensate \Con*den"sate\, a. [L. condensatus, p. p. of
condensare. See {Condense}, v. t.]
Made dense; condensed.
Water . . . thickened or condensate. --Peacham.
Condensate \Con*den"sate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Condensated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Condensating}.]
To condense. [R.] --Hammond.
Condensation \Con`den*sa"tion\, n. [L. condensatio: cf. F.
condensation.]
1. The act or process of condensing or of being condensed;
the state of being condensed.
He [Goldsmith] was a great and perhaps an unequaled
master of the arts of selection and condensation.
--Macaulay.
2. (Physics) The act or process of reducing, by depression of
temperature or increase of pressure, etc., to another and
denser form, as gas to the condition of a liquid or steam
to water.
3. (Chem.) A rearrangement or concentration of the different
constituents of one or more substances into a distinct and
definite compound of greater complexity and molecular
weight, often resulting in an increase of density, as the
condensation of oxygen into ozone, or of acetone into
mesitylene.
{Condensation product} (Chem.), a substance obtained by the
polymerization of one substance, or by the union of two or
more, with or without separation of some unimportant side
products.
{Surface condensation}, the system of condensing steam by
contact with cold metallic surfaces, in distinction from
condensation by the injection of cold water.
Condensative \Con*den"sa*tive\, a. [Cf. F. condensatif.]
Having the property of condensing.
Condense \Con*dense"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Condensed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Condensing}.] [L. condensare; con- + densare to make
thick or dense, densus thick, dense: cf. F. condenser. See
{Dense}, and cf. {Condensate}.]
1. To make more close, compact, or dense; to compress or
concentrate into a smaller compass; to consolidate; to
abridge; to epitomize.
In what shape they choose, Dilated or condensed,
bright or obscure. --Milton.
The secret course pursued at Brussels and at Madrid
may be condensed into the usual formula,
dissimulation, procrastination, and again
dissimulation. --Motley.
2. (Chem. & Physics) To reduce into another and denser form,
as by cold or pressure; as, to condense gas into a liquid
form, or steam into water.
{Condensed milk}, milk reduced to the consistence of very
thick cream by evaporation (usually with addition of
sugar) for preservation and transportation.
{Condensing engine}, a steam engine in which the steam is
condensed after having exerted its force on the piston.
Syn: To compress; contract; crowd; thicken; concentrate;
abridge; epitomize; reduce.
Condense \Con*dense"\, v. i.
1. To become more compact; to be reduced into a denser form.
Nitrous acid is gaseous at ordinary temperatures,
but condenses into a very volatile liquid at the
zero of Fahrenheit. --H. Spencer.
2. (Chem.)
(a) To combine or unite (as two chemical substances) with
or without separation of some unimportant side
products.
(b) To undergo polymerization.
Condense \Con*dense"\, a. [L. condensus.]
Condensed; compact; dense. [R.]
The huge condense bodies of planets. --Bentley.
Condenser \Con*dens"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, condenses.
2. (Physic)
(a) An instrument for condensing air or other elastic
fluids, consisting of a cylinder having a movable
piston to force the air into a receiver, and a valve
to prevent its escape.
(b) An instrument for concentrating electricity by the
effect of induction between conducting plates
separated by a nonconducting plate.
(c) A lens or mirror, usually of short focal distance,
used to concentrate light upon an object.
3. (Chem.) An apparatus for receiving and condensing the
volatile products of distillation to a liquid or solid
form, by cooling.
4. (Steam Engine) An apparatus, separate from the cylinder,
in which the exhaust steam is condensed by the action of
cold water or air. See Illust. of {Steam engine}.
{Achromatic condenser} (Optics), an achromatic lens used as a
condenser.
{Bull's-eye condenser}, or {Bull's-eye} (Optics), a lens of
short focal distance used for concentrating rays of light.
{Injection condenser}, a vessel in which steam is condensed
by the direct contact of water.
{Surface condenser}, an apparatus for condensing steam,
especially the exhaust of a steam engine, by bringing it
into contact with metallic surface cooled by water or air.
Condensible \Con*den"si*ble\, a.
Capable of being condensed; as, a gas condensible to a liquid
by cold.
Conder \Cond"er\, n. [From {Cond}.]
One who watches shoals of fish; a balker. See {Balker}.
Condescend \Con`de*scend"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Condescended};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Condescending}.] [F. condescendre, LL.
condescendere, fr. L. con- + descendere. See {Descend}.]
1. To stoop or descend; to let one's self down; to submit; to
waive the privilege of rank or dignity; to accommodate
one's self to an inferior. ``Condescend to men of low
estate.'' --Rom. xii. 16.
Can they think me so broken, so debased With
corporal servitude, that my mind ever Will
condescend to such absurd commands? --Milton.
Spain's mighty monarch, In gracious clemency, does
condescend, On these conditions, to become your
friend. --Dryden.
Note: Often used ironically, implying an assumption of
superiority.
Those who thought they were honoring me by
condescending to address a few words to me. --F.
W. Robinson.
2. To consent. [Obs.]
All parties willingly condescended heruento. --R.
Carew.
Syn: To yield; stoop; descend; deign; vouchsafe.
Condescendence \Con`de*scend"ence\, Condescendency
\Con`de*scend"en*cy\, n. [Cf. F. condescendance.]
Condescension. [Obs.]
Condescendingly \Con`de*scend"ing*ly\, adv.
In a condescending manner. --Atterbury.
Condescension \Con`de*scen"sion\, n. [L. condescensio.]
The act of condescending; voluntary descent from one's rank
or dignity in intercourse with an inferior; courtesy toward
inferiors.
It forbids pride . . . and commands humility, modesty,
and condescension to others. --Tillotson.
Such a dignity and condescension . . . as are suitable
to a superior nature. --Addison.
Syn: Complaisance; courtesy; affability.
Condescent \Con`de*scent"\, n. [Cf. {Condescend}, {Descent}.]
An act of condescension. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Condign \Con*dign"\, a. [F. condigne, L. condignus very worthy;
con- + dignus worthy. See {Deign}, and cf. {Digne}.]
1. Worthy; suitable; deserving; fit. [Obs.]
Condign and worthy praise. --Udall.
Herself of all that rule she deemend most condign.
--Spenser.
2. Deserved; adequate; suitable to the fault or crime.
``Condign censure.'' --Milman.
Unless it were a bloody murderer . . . I never gave
them condign punishment. --Shak.
Condignity \Con*dig"ni*ty\, n. [Cf. F. condignit['e].]
(Scholastic Theol.)
Merit, acquired by works, which can claim reward on the score
of general benevolence.
Such a worthiness of condignity, and proper merit of
the heavenly glory, cannot be found in any the best,
most perfect, and excellent of created beings. --Bp.
Bull.
Condignly \Con*dign"ly\, adv.
According to merit.
Condignness \Con*dign"ness\, n.
Agreeableness to deserts; suitableness.
Condiment \Con"di*ment\, n. [L. condimentum, fr. condire. See
{Condite}.]
Something used to give relish to food, and to gratify the
taste; a pungment and appetizing substance, as pepper or
mustard; seasoning.
As for radish and the like, they are for condiments,
and not for nourishment. --Bacon.
Condisciple \Con`dis*ci"ple\, n. [L. condiscipulus. See
{Disciple}.]
A schoolfellow; a fellow-student. [R.]
Condite \Con"dite\, a. [L. conditus, p. p. of condire to
preserve, pickle, season. See {Recondite}.]
Preserved; pickled. [Obs.] --Burton.
Condite \Con*dite"\, v. t.
To pickle; to preserve; as, to condite pears, quinces, etc.
[Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Condition \Con*di"tion\, n. [F., fr. L. conditio (better
condicio) agreement, compact, condition; con- + a root
signifying to show, point out, akin to dicere to say, dicare
to proclaim, dedicate. See {Teach}, {Token}.]
1. Mode or state of being; state or situation with regard to
external circumstances or influences, or to physical or
mental integrity, health, strength, etc.; predicament;
rank; position, estate.
I am in my condition A prince, Miranda; I do think,
a king. --Shak.
And O, what man's condition can be worse Than his
whom plenty starves and blessings curse? --Cowley.
The new conditions of life. --Darwin.
2. Essential quality; property; attribute.
It seemed to us a condition and property of divine
powers and beings to be hidden and unseen to others.
--Bacon.
3. Temperament; disposition; character. [Obs.]
The condition of a saint and the complexion of a
devil. --Shak.
4. That which must exist as the occasion or concomitant of
something else; that which is requisite in order that
something else should take effect; an essential
qualification; stipulation; terms specified.
I had as lief take her dowry with this condition, to
be whipped at the high cross every morning. --Shak.
Many are apt to believe remission of sins, but they
believe it without the condition of repentance.
--Jer. Taylor.
5. (Law) A clause in a contract, or agreement, which has for
its object to suspend, to defeat, or in some way to
modify, the principal obligation; or, in case of a will,
to suspend, revoke, or modify a devise or bequest. It is
also the case of a future uncertain event, which may or
may not happen, and on the occurrence or non-occurrence of
which, the accomplishment, recission, or modification of
an obligation or testamentary disposition is made to
depend. --Blount. Tomlins. Bouvier. Wharton.
{Equation of condition}. (Math.) See under {Equation}.
{On or Upon} {condition} (that), used for if in introducing
conditional sentences. ``Upon condition thou wilt swear to
pay him tribute . . . thou shalt be placed as viceroy
under him.'' --Shak.
{Conditions of sale}, the terms on which it is proposed to
sell property by auction; also, the instrument containing
or expressing these terms.
Syn: State; situation; circumstances; station; case; mode;
plight; predicament; stipulation; qualification;
requisite; article; provision; arrangement. See {State}.
Condition \Con*di"tion\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Conditioned}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Conditioning}.]
1. To make terms; to stipulate.
Pay me back my credit, And I'll condition with ye.
--Beau. & Fl.
2. (Metaph.) To impose upon an object those relations or
conditions without which knowledge and thought are alleged
to be impossible.
To think of a thing is to condition. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Condition \Con*di"tion\, v. t. [Cf. LL. conditionare. See
{Condition}, n.]
1. To invest with, or limit by, conditions; to burden or
qualify by a condition; to impose or be imposed as the
condition of.
Seas, that daily gain upon the shore, Have ebb and
flow conditioning their march. --Tennyson.
2. To contract; to stipulate; to agree.
It was conditioned between Saturn and Titan, that
Saturn should put to death all his male children.
--Sir W.
Raleigh.
3. (U. S. Colleges) To put under conditions; to require to
pass a new examination or to make up a specified study, as
a condition of remaining in one's class or in college; as,
to condition a student who has failed in some branch of
study.
4. To test or assay, as silk (to ascertain the proportion of
moisture it contains). --McElrath.
Conditional \Con*di"tion*al\, a. [L. conditionalis.]
1. Containing, implying, or depending on, a condition or
conditions; not absolute; made or granted on certain
terms; as, a conditional promise.
Every covenant of God with man . . . may justly be
made (as in fact it is made) with this conditional
punishment annexed and declared. --Bp.
Warburton.
2. (Gram. & Logic) Expressing a condition or supposition; as,
a conditional word, mode, or tense.
A conditional proposition is one which asserts the
dependence of one categorical proposition on
another. --Whately.
The words hypothetical and conditional may be . . .
used synonymously. --J. S. Mill.
Conditional \Con*di"tion*al\, n.
1. A limitation. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. A conditional word, mode, or proposition.
Disjunctives may be turned into conditionals. --L.
H. Atwater.
Conditionality \Con*di`tion*al"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being conditional, or limited; limitation by
certain terms.
Conditionally \Con*di"tion*al*ly\, adv.
In a conditional manner; subject to a condition or
conditions; not absolutely or positively. --Shak.
Conditionate \Con*di"tion*ate\, a. [LL. conditionatus, p. p. See
{Condition}, v. t.]
Conditional. [Obs.]
Barak's answer is faithful, though conditionate. --Bp.
Hall.
Conditionate \Con*di"tion*ate\, v. t.
1. To qualify by conditions; to regulate. [Obs.]
2. To put under conditions; to render conditional.
Conditioned \Con*di"tioned\, a.
1. Surrounded; circumstanced; in a certain state or
condition, as of property or health; as, a well
conditioned man.
The best conditioned and unwearied spirit. --Shak.
2. Having, or known under or by, conditions or relations; not
independent; not absolute.
Under these, thought is possible only in the
conditioned interval. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Conditionly \Con*di"tion*ly\, adv.
Conditionally. [Obs.]
Conditory \Con"di*to*ry\, n.; pl. {Conditories}. [L.
conditorium, fr. condere to hide. See {Recondite}.]
A repository for holding things; a hinding place.
Condog \Con*dog"\ (?; 115), v. i. [A punning corruption of
concur.]
To concur; to agree. [Burlesque]
Note: This word appears in early dictionaries as a synonym
for the word agree; thus. ``Agree; concurre, cohere,
condog, condescend.'' --Cockeram.
Condolatory \Con*do"la*to*ry\, a.
Expressing condolence. --Smart.
Condole \Con*dole"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Condoled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Condoling}.] [L. condolere; con- + dolere to feel
pain, grieve. See {Doleful}.]
To express sympathetic sorrow; to grieve in sympathy; --
followed by with.
Your friends would have cause to rejoice, rather than
condole with you. --Sir W.
Temple.
Condole \Con*dole"\, v. t.
To lament or grieve over. [R.]
I come not, Samson, to condole thy chance. --Milton.
Condolement \Con*dole"ment\, n.
1. Condolence. ``A pitiful condolement.'' --Milton.
2. Sorrow; mourning; lamentation. --Shak.
Condolence \Con*do"lence\, n. [Cf. F. condol['e]ance.]
Expression of sympathy with another in sorrow or grief.
Their congratulations and their condolences. --Steele.
A special mission of condolence. --Macaulay.
Condoler \Con*dol"er\, n.
One who condoles.
Condonation \Con`do*na"tion\, n. [L. condonatio a giving away.]
1. The act of condoning or pardoning.
2. (Law) Forgiveness, either express or implied, by a husband
of his wife or by a wife of her husband, for a breach of
marital duty, as adultery, with an implied condition that
the offense shall not be repeated. --Bouvier. Wharton.
Condone \Con*done"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Condoned}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Condoning}.] [L. condonare, -donatum, to give up,
remit, forgive; con- + donare to give. See {Donate}.]
1. To pardon; to forgive.
A fraud which he had either concocted or condoned.
--W. Black.
It would have been magnanimous in the men then in
power to have overlooked all these things, and,
condoning the politics, to have rewarded the poetry
of Burns. --J. C.
Shairp.
2. (Law) To pardon; to overlook the offense of; esp., to
forgive for a violation of the marriage law; -- said of
either the husband or the wife.
Condor \Con"dor\, n. [Sp. condor, fr. Peruvian cuntur.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A very large bird of the Vulture family ({Sarcorhamphus
gryphus}), found in the most elevated parts of the Andes.
Condottiere \Con`dot*tie"re\, n.; pl. {Condottieri}. [It.,
captain.]
A military adventurer of the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries, who sold his services, and those of his followers,
to any party in any contest.
Conduce \Con*duce"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Conduced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conducing}.] [L. conducere to bring together,
conduce, hire; con- + ducere to lead. See {Duke} and cf.
Conduct, n., {Cond}.]
To lead or tend, esp. with reference to a favorable or
desirable result; to contribute; -- usually followed by to or
toward.
He was sensible how much such a union would conduce to
the happiness of both. --Macaulay.
The reasons you allege do more conduce To the hot
passion of distemper'd blood. --Shak.
Syn: To contribute; aid; assist; tend; subserve.
Conduce \Con*duce"\, v. t.
To conduct; to lead; to guide. [Obs.]
He was sent to conduce hither the princess. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Conducent \Con*du"cent\, a. [L. conducens, p. pr.]
Conducive; tending.
Conducent to the good success of this business. --Abp.
Laud.
Conducibility \Con*du"ci*bil"i*ty\, n.
The state or quality of being conducible; conducibleness.
--Bp. Wilkins.
Conducible \Con*du"ci*ble\, a. [L. conducibilis.]
Conducive; tending; contributing. --Bacon.
All his laws are in themselves conducible to the
temporal interest of them that observe them. --Bentley.
Conducibleness \Con*du"ci*ble*ness\, n.
Quality of being conducible.
Conducibly \Con*du"ci*bly\, adv.
In a manner to promote. [R.]
Conducive \Con*du"cive\, a.
Loading or tending; helpful; contributive; tending to
promote.
However conducive to the good or our country.
--Addison.
Conduciveness \Con*du"cive*ness\, n.
The quality of conducing.
Conduct \Con"duct\ (k[o^]n"d[u^]kt), n. [LL. conductus defense,
escort, fr. L. conductus, p. p. of conducere. See {Conduce},
and cf. {Conduit}.]
1. The act or method of conducting; guidance; management.
Christianity has humanized the conduct of war.
--Paley.
The conduct of the state, the administration of its
affairs. --Ld.
Brougham.
2. Skillful guidance or management; generalship.
Conduct of armies is a prince's art. --Waller.
Attacked the Spaniards . . . with great impetuosity,
but with so little conduct, that his forces were
totally routed. --Robertson.
3. Convoy; escort; guard; guide. [Archaic]
I will be your conduct. --B. Jonson.
In my conduct shall your ladies come. --Shak.
4. That which carries or conveys anything; a channel; a
conduit; an instrument. [Obs.]
Although thou hast been conduct of my shame. --Shak.
5. The manner of guiding or carrying one's self; personal
deportment; mode of action; behavior.
All these difficulties were increased by the conduct
of Shrewsbury. --Macaulay.
What in the conduct of our life appears So well
designed, so luckily begun, But when we have our
wish, we wish undone? --Dryden.
6. Plot; action; construction; manner of development.
The book of Job, in conduct and diction. --Macaulay.
{Conduct money} (Naut.), a portion of a seaman's wages
retained till the end of his engagement, and paid over
only if his conduct has been satisfactory.
Syn: Behavior; carriage; deportment; demeanor; bearing;
management; guidance. See {Behavior}.
Conduct \Con*duct"\ (k[o^]n*d[u^]kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Conducted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Conducting}.] [See {Conduct},
n.]
1. To lead, or guide; to escort; to attend.
I can conduct you, lady, to a low But loyal cottage,
where you may be safe. --Milton.
2. To lead, as a commander; to direct; to manage; to carry
on; as, to conduct the affairs of a kingdom.
Little skilled in the art of conducting a siege.
--Prescott.
3. To behave; -- with the reflexive; as, he conducted himself
well.
4. (Physics) To serve as a medium for conveying; to transmit,
as heat, light, electricity, etc.
5. (Mus.) To direct, as the leader in the performance of a
musical composition.
Conduct \Con*duct"\, v. i.
1. To act as a conductor (as of heat, electricity, etc.); to
carry.
2. To conduct one's self; to behave. [U. S.]
Conductibility \Con*duct`i*bil"i*ty\
(k[o^]n*d[u^]k`t[i^]*b[i^]l"[i^]*t[y^]), n. [Cf. F.
conductibilit['e].]
1. Capability of being conducted; as, the conductibility of
heat or electricity.
2. Conductivity; capacity for receiving and transmitting.
Conductible \Con*duct"i*ble\ (-b'l), a.
Capable of being conducted.
Conduction \Con*duc"tion\ (k[o^]n*d[u^]k"sh[u^]n), n. [L.
conductio a bringing together: cf. F. conduction.]
1. The act of leading or guiding. --Sir W. Raleigh.
2. The act of training up. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
3. (Physics) Transmission through, or by means of, a
conductor; also, conductivity.
[The] communication [of heat] from one body to
another when they are in contact, or through a
homogenous body from particle to particle,
constitutes conduction. --Amer. Cyc.
Conductive \Con*duct"ive\ (-d[u^]k"t[i^]v), a.
Having the quality or power of conducting; as, the conductive
tissue of a pistil.
The ovarian walls . . . are seen to be distinctly
conductive. --Goodale
(Gray's Bot.
).
Conductivity \Con`duc*tiv"i*ty\
(k[o^]n`d[u^]k*t[i^]v"[i^]*t[y^]), n.
The quality or power of conducting, or of receiving and
transmitting, as heat, electricity, etc.; as, the
conductivity of a nerve.
{Thermal conductivity} (Physics), the quantity of heat that
passes in unit time through unit area of a plate whose
thickness is unity, when its opposite faces differ in
temperature by one degree.
--J. D. Everett.
{Thermometic conductivity} (Physics), the thermal
conductivity when the unit of heat employed is the heat
required to raise a unit volume of the substance one
degree.
Conductor \Con*duct"or\ (k[o^]n*d[u^]k"t[~e]r), n. [LL., a
carrier, transporter, L., a lessee.]
1. One who, or that which, conducts; a leader; a commander; a
guide; a manager; a director.
Zeal, the blind conductor of the will. --Dryden.
2. One in charge of a public conveyance, as of a railroad
train or a street car. [U. S.]
3. (Mus.) The leader or director of an orchestra or chorus.
4. (Physics) A substance or body capable of being a medium
for the transmission of certain forces, esp. heat or
electricity; specifically, a lightning rod.
5. (Surg.) A grooved sound or staff used for directing
instruments, as lithontriptic forceps, etc.; a director.
6. (Arch.) Same as {Leader}.
{Prime conductor} (Elec.), the largest conductor of an
electrical machine, serving to collect, accumulate, or
retain the electricity.
Conductory \Con*duct"o*ry\, a. [LL. conductorius.]
Having the property of conducting. [R.]
Conductress \Con*duct"ress\, n.
A woman who leads or directs; a directress.
Conduit \Con"duit\ (? or ?; 277), n. [F., fr. LL. conductus
escort, conduit. See {Conduct}.]
1. A pipe, canal, channel, or passage for conveying water or
fluid.
All the conduits of my blood froze up. --Shak.
This is the fountain of all those bitter waters, of
which, through a hundred different conduits, we have
drunk. --Burke.
2. (Arch.)
(a) A structure forming a reservoir for water. --Oxf.
Gloss.
(b) A narrow passage for private communication.
Conduplicate \Con*du"pli*cate\, a. [L. conduplicatus, p. p. of
conduplicare. See {Duplicate}.] (Bot.)
Folded lengthwise along the midrib, the upper face being
within; -- said of leaves or petals in vernation or
[ae]stivation.
Conduplication \Con*du`pli*ca"tion\, n. [L. conduplicatio.]
A doubling together or folding; a duplication. [R.]
Condurango \Con`du*ran"go\, n. (Med.)
See {Cundurango}.
Condurrite \Con*dur"rite\, n. (Min.)
A variety of the mineral domeykite, or copper arsenide, from
the Condurra mine in Cornwall, England.
Condylar \Con"dy*lar\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to a condyle.
{Condylar foramen} (Anat.), a formen in front of each condyle
of the occipital bone; -- sometimes called the {anterior
condylar foramen} when a second, or posterior, foramen is
present behind the condyle, as often happens in man.
Condyle \Con"dyle\ (? or ?), n. [L. condylus knuckle, joint, Gr.
ko`ndylos: cf. F. condyle.] (Anat.)
A bony prominence; particularly, an eminence at the end of a
bone bearing a rounded articular surface; -- sometimes
applied also to a concave articular surface.
Condyloid \Con"dy*loid\, a. [Condyle + -oid: cf. F.
condylo["i]de.] (Anat.)
Shaped like or pertaining to a condyle.
Condyloma \Con`dy*lo"ma\ (-l[=o]"m[.a]), Condylome \Con"dy*lome\
(-l[=o]m), n.; pl. {Condylomata}or, E. {Condylomes}
(-l[=o]mz). [NL. condyloma, fr. Gr. ?, from ko`ndylos
knuckle. See {-oma}.] (Med.)
A wartlike new growth on the outer skin or adjoining mucous
membrane.
Note: There are two kinds of condylomata, the pointed and the
broad, the latter being of syphilitic origin.
Condylopod \Con*dyl"o*pod\, n. [Gr. ko`ndylos knuckle (or joint)
+ -pod.] (Zo["o]l.)
An arthropod.
Cone \Cone\, n. [L. conus cone (in sense 1), Gr. ?; akin to Skr.
[,c]ana whetstone, L. cuneus wedge, and prob. to E. hone. See
{Hone}, n.]
1. (Geom.) A solid of the form described by the revolution of
a right-angled triangle about one of the sides adjacent to
the right angle; -- called also a {right cone}. More
generally, any solid having a vertical point and bounded
by a surface which is described by a straight line always
passing through that vertical point; a solid having a
circle for its base and tapering to a point or vertex.
2. Anything shaped more or less like a mathematical cone; as,
a volcanic cone, a collection of scori[ae] around the
crater of a volcano, usually heaped up in a conical form.
Now had Night measured with her shadowy cone Half
way up hill this vast sublunar vault. --Milton.
3. (Bot.) The fruit or strobile of the {Conifer[ae]}, as of
the pine, fir, cedar, and cypress. It is composed of woody
scales, each one of which has one or two seeds at its
base.
4. (Zo["o]l.) A shell of the genus {Conus}, having a conical
form.
{Cone of rays} (Opt.), the pencil of rays of light which
proceed from a radiant point to a given surface, as that
of a lens, or conversely.
{Cone pulley}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Oblique} or {Scalene cone}, a cone of which the axis is
inclined to the plane of its base.
{Eight cone}. See {Cone}, 1.
Cone \Cone\, v. t.
To render cone-shaped; to bevel like the circular segment of
a cone; as, to cone the tires of car wheels.
Cone-in-cone \Cone"-in-cone"\, a. (Geol.)
Consisting of a series of parallel cones, each made up of
many concentric cones closely packed together; -- said of a
kind of structure sometimes observed in sedimentary rocks.
Coneine \Co*ne"ine\ (? or ?; 104), n. (Chem.)
See {Conine}.
Conepate \Co"ne*pate\, Conepatl \Co"ne*patl\, n. [Mexican
conepatl and epatl.] (Zo["o]l.)
The skunk.
Cone pulley \Cone" pul"ley\
A pulley for driving machines, etc., having two or more parts
or steps of different diameters; a pulley having a conical
shape.
Coney \Co"ney\ (? or ?), n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) A rabbit. See {Cony}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A fish. See {Cony}.
Confab \Con"fab\, n. [Contr. from confabulation.]
Familiar talk or conversation. [Colloq.]
Confabulate \Con*fab"u*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Confabulated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Confabulating}.] [L.
confabulatus, p. p. of confabulary, to converse together;
con- + fabulary to speak, fr. fabula. See {Fable}.]
To talk familiarly together; to chat; to prattle.
I shall not ask Jean Jaques Rousseau If birds
confabulate or no. --Cowper.
Confabulation \Con*fab`u*la"tion\, n. [L. confabulatio.]
Familiar talk; easy, unrestrained, unceremonious
conversation.
Friends' confabulations are comfortable at all times,
as fire in winter. --Burton.
Confabulatory \Con*fab"u*la*to*ry\, a.
Of the nature of familiar talk; in the form of a dialogue.
--Weever.
Confalon \Con"fa*lon\, n. [F. See {Confalon}.] (R. C. Ch.)
One of a fraternity of seculars, also called {Penitents}.
Confarreation \Con*far`re*a"tion\, n. [L. confarreatio, fr.
confarreare to marry; con- + farreum (sc. libum cake) a spelt
cake, fr. farreus made of spelt, fr. far a sort of grain.]
(Antiq.)
A form of marriage among the Romans, in which an offering of
bread was made, in presence of the high priest and at least
ten witnesses.
Confated \Con*fat"ed\, p.a.
Fated or decreed with something else. [R.] --A. Tucker.
Confect \Con*fect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Confected}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Confecting}.] [L. confectus, p. p. of conficere to
prepare. See {Comfit}.]
1. To prepare, as sweetmeats; to make a confection of. [Obs.]
Saffron confected in Cilicia. --W. Browne.
2. To construct; to form; to mingle or mix. [Obs.]
Of this were confected the famous everlasting lamps
and tapers. --Sir T.
Herbert.
[My joys] are still confected with some fears.
--Stirling.
Confect \Con"fect\, n.
A comfit; a confection. [Obs.]
At supper eat a pippin roasted and sweetened with sugar
of roses and caraway confects. --Harvey.
Confection \Con*fec"tion\, n. [F., fr. L. confectio.]
1. A composition of different materials. [Obs.]
A new confection of mold. --Bacon.
2. A preparation of fruits or roots, etc., with sugar; a
sweetmeat.
Certain confections . . . are like to candied
conserves, and are made of sugar and lemons.
--Bacon.
3. A composition of drugs. --Shak.
4. (Med.) A soft solid made by incorporating a medicinal
substance or substances with sugar, sirup, or honey.
Note: The pharmacop[oe]ias formerly made a distinction
between conserves (made of fresh vegetable substances
and sugar) and electuaries (medicinal substances
combined with sirup or honey), but the distinction is
now abandoned and all are called confections.
Confectionary \Con*fec"tion*a*ry\, n. [Cf. LL. confectionaris a
pharmacist.]
A confectioner. [Obs.]
He will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and
to be cooks. --1 Sam. viii.
13.
Confectionary \Con*fec"tion*a*ry\, a.
Prepared as a confection.
The biscuit or confectionary plum. --Cowper.
Confectioner \Con*fec"tion*er\, n.
1. A compounder. [Obs.]
Canidia Neapolitana was confectioner of unguents.
--Haywood.
2. One whose occupation it is to make or sell confections,
candies, etc.
Confectionery \Con*fec"tion*er*y\, n.
1. Sweetmeats, in general; things prepared and sold by a
confectioner; confections; candies.
2. A place where candies, sweetmeats, and similar things are
made or sold.
Confectory \Con*fec"to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to the art of making sweetmeats. [Obs.]
--Beaumont.
Confecture \Con*fec"ture\, n.
Same as {Confiture}. [Obs.]
Confeder \Con*fed"er\ (k[o^]n*f[e^]d"[~e]r), v. i. [Cf. F.
conf['e]d['e]rer. See {Confederate}.]
To confederate. [Obs.] --Sir T. North.
Confederacy \Con*fed"er*a*cy\, n.; pl. {Confederacies}. [From
{Confederate}, a.]
1. A league or compact between two or more persons, bodies of
men, or states, for mutual support or common action;
alliance.
The friendships of the world are oft Confederacies
in vice or leagues of pleasure. --Addison.
He hath heard of our confederacy. --Shak.
Virginia promoted a confederacy. --Bancroft.
2. The persons, bodies, states, or nations united by a
league; a confederation.
The Grecian common wealth, . . . the most heroic
confederacy that ever existed. --Harris.
Virgil has a whole confederacy against him.
--Dryden.
3. (Law) A combination of two or more persons to commit an
unlawful act, or to do a lawful act by unlawful means. See
{Conspiracy}.
Syn: League; compact; alliance; association; union;
combination; confederation.
Confederate \Con*fed"er*ate\, a. [L. confoederatus, p. p. of
confoederare to join by a league; con- + foederare to
establish by treaty or league, fr. foedus league, compact.
See {Federal}.]
1. United in a league; allied by treaty; engaged in a
confederacy; banded together; allied.
All the swords In Italy, and her confederate arms,
Could not have made this peace. --Shak.
2. (Amer. Hist.) Of or pertaining to the government of the
eleven Southern States of the United States which
(1860-1865) attempted to establish an independent nation
styled the Confederate States of America; as, the
Confederate congress; Confederate money.
Confederate \Con*fed"er*ate\, n.
1. One who is united with others in a league; a person or a
nation engaged in a confederacy; an ally; also, an
accomplice in a bad sense.
He found some of his confederates in gaol.
--Macaulay.
2. (Amer. Hist.) A name designating an adherent to the cause
of the States which attempted to withdraw from the Union
(1860-1865).
Confederate \Con*fed"er*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Confederated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Confederating}.]
To unite in a league or confederacy; to ally.
With these the Piercies them confederate. --Daniel.
Confederate \Con*fed"er*ate\, v. i.
To unite in a league; to join in a mutual contract or
covenant; to band together.
By words men . . . covenant and confederate. --South.
Confederater \Con*fed"er*a`ter\, n.
A confederate.
Confederation \Con*fed`er*a"tion\, n. [L. confoederatio: cf. F.
conf['e]d['e]ration.]
1. The act of confederating; a league; a compact for mutual
support; alliance, particularly of princes, nations, or
states.
The three princes enter into some strict league and
confederation among themselves. --Bacon.
This was no less than a political confederation of
the colonies of New England. --Palfrey.
2. The parties that are confederated, considered as a unit; a
confederacy.
{Articles of confederation}. See under {Article}.
Confederative \Con*fed"er*a*tive\ (? or ?), a.
Of or pertaining to a confederation.
Confederator \Con*fed"er*a`tor\, n.
A confederate. --Grafton.
Confer \Con*fer"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conferred}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Conferring}.] [L. conferre to bring together, contribute,
consult; con- + ferre to bear: cf. F. conf['e]rer. See 1st
{Bear}.]
1. To bring together for comparison; to compare. [Obs.]
If we confer these observations with others of the
like nature, we may find cause to rectify the
general opinion. --Boyle.
2. To grant as a possession; to bestow.
The public marks of honor and reward Conferred upon
me. --Milton.
3. To contribute; to conduce. [Obs.]
The closeness and compactness of the parts resting
together doth much confer to the strength of the
union. --Glanvill.
Confer \Con*fer"\, v. i.
To have discourse; to consult; to compare views; to
deliberate.
Festus, when he had conferred with the council,
answered. --Acts xxv.
12.
You shall hear us confer of this. --Shak.
Syn: To counsel; advise; discourse; converse.
Conferee \Con`fer*ee"\, n. [Cf. {Referee}.]
1. One who is conferred with, or who takes part in a
conference; as, the conferees on the part of the Senate.
2. One upon whom something is conferred.
Conference \Con"fer*ence\, n. [F. conf['e]rence. See {Confer}.]
1. The act of comparing two or more things together;
comparison. [Obs.]
Helps and furtherances which . . . the mutual
conference of all men's collections and observations
may afford. --Hocker.
2. The act of consulting together formally; serious
conversation or discussion; interchange of views.
Nor with such free and friendly conference As he
hath used of old. --Shak.
3. A meeting for consultation, discussion, or an interchange
of opinions.
4. A meeting of the two branches of a legislature, by their
committees, to adjust between them.
5. (Methodist Church) A stated meeting of preachers and
others, invested with authority to take cognizance of
ecclesiastical matters.
6. A voluntary association of Congregational churches of a
district; the district in which such churches are.
{Conference meeting}, a meeting for conference. Specifically,
a meeting conducted (usually) by laymen, for conference
and prayer. [U. S.]
{Conference room}, a room for conference and prayer, and for
the pastor's less formal addresses. [U. S.]
Conferential \Con`fer*en"tial\, a.
Relating to conference. [R.] --Clarke.
Conferrable \Con*fer"ra*ble\a.
Capable of being conferred.
Conferree \Con`fer*ree"\, n.
Same as {Conferee}.
Conferrer \Con*fer"rer\ (k[o^]n*f[~e]r"r[~e]r), n.
1. One who confers; one who converses. --Johnson.
2. One who bestows; a giver.
Conferruminate \Con`fer*ru"mi*nate\, Conferruminated
\Con`fer*ru"mi*na`ted\, a. [L. conferruminare to cement. See
{Ferruminate}.] (Bot.)
Closely united by the coalescence, or sticking together, of
contiguous faces, as in the case of the cotyledons of the
live-oak acorn.
Conferva \Con*fer"va\, n.; pl. {Conferv[ae]}. [L., a kind of
water plant. See {Comfrey}.] (Bot.)
Any unbranched, slender, green plant of the fresh-water
algae. The word is frequently used in a wider sense.
Confervaceous \Con`fer*va"ceous\, a.
Belonging to the confervae.
Confervoid \Con*fer"void\, a. [Conferva + -oid.]
Like, or related to, the confervae. --Loudon.
Confervous \Con*fer"vous\, a.
Pertaining to confervae; consisting of, or resembling, the
confervae.
Yon exiguous pool's confervous scum. --O. W.
Holmes.
Confess \Con*fess"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Confessed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Confessing}.] [F. confesser, fr. L. confessus, p. p.
of confiteri to confess; con- + fateri to confess; akin to
fari to speak. See 2d {Ban}, {Fame}.]
1. To make acknowledgment or avowal in a matter pertaining to
one's self; to acknowledge, own, or admit, as a crime, a
fault, a debt.
And there confess Humbly our faults, and pardon beg.
--Milton.
I must confess I was most pleased with a beautiful
prospect that none of them have mentioned.
--Addison.
2. To acknowledge faith in; to profess belief in.
Whosoever, therefore, shall confess me before men,
him will I confess, also, before my Father which is
in heaven. --Matt. x. 32.
For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection,
neither angel, nor spirit; but the Pharisees confess
both. --Acts xxiii.
8.
3. To admit as true; to assent to; to acknowledge, as after a
previous doubt, denial, or concealment.
I never gave it him. Send for him hither, And let
him confess a truth. --Shak.
As I confess it needs must be. --Tennyson.
As an actor confessed without rival to shine.
--Goldsmith.
4. (Eccl.)
(a) To make known or acknowledge, as one's sins to a
priest, in order to receive absolution; -- sometimes
followed by the reflexive pronoun.
Our beautiful votary took an opportunity of
confessing herself to this celebrated father.
--Addison.
(b) To hear or receive such confession; -- said of a
priest.
He . . . heard mass, and the prince, his son,
with him, and the most part of his company were
confessed. --Ld. Berners.
5. To disclose or reveal, as an effect discloses its cause;
to prove; to attest.
Tall thriving trees confessed the fruitful mold.
--Pope.
Syn: Admit; grant; concede; avow; own; assent; recognize;
prove; exhibit; attest.
Usage: {To Confess}, {Acknowledge}, {Avow}. Acknowledge is
opposed to conceal. We acknowledge what we feel must
or ought to be made known. (See {Acknowledge}.) Avow
is opposed to withhold. We avow when we make an open
and public declaration, as against obloquy or
opposition; as, to avow one's principles; to avow
one's participation in some act. Confess is opposed to
deny. We confess (in the ordinary sense of the word)
what we feel to have been wrong; as, to confess one's
errors or faults. We sometimes use confess and
acknowledge when there is no admission of our being in
the wrong; as, this, I confess, is my opinion; I
acknowledge I have always thought so; but in these
cases we mean simply to imply that others may perhaps
think us in the wrong, and hence we use the words by
way of deference to their opinions. It was in this way
that the early Christians were led to use the Latin
confiteor and confessio fidei to denote the public
declaration of their faith in Christianity; and hence
the corresponding use in English of the verb confess
and the noun confession.
Confess \Con*fess"\, v. i.
1. To make confession; to disclose sins or faults, or the
state of the conscience.
Every tongue shall confess to God. --Rom. xiv.
11.
2. To acknowledge; to admit; to concede.
But since (And I confess with right) you think me
bound. --Tennyson.
Confessant \Con*fess"ant\, n. [F. confessant.]
One who confesses to a priest. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Confessary \Con*fess"a*ry\, n. [LL. confessarius.]
One who makes a confession. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Confessedly \Con*fess"ed*ly\, adv.
By confession; without denial. [Written also {confessly}.]
Confesser \Con*fess"er\, n.
One who makes a confession.
Confession \Con*fes"sion\, n. [F. confession, L. confessio.]
1. Acknowledgment; avowal, especially in a matter pertaining
to one's self; the admission of a debt, obligation, or
crime.
With a crafty madness keeps aloof, When we would
bring him on to some confession Of his true state.
--Shak.
2. Acknowledgment of belief; profession of one's faith.
With the mouth confession is made unto salvation.
--Rom. x. 10.
3. (Eccl.) The act of disclosing sins or faults to a priest
in order to obtain sacramental absolution.
Auricular confession . . . or the private and
special confession of sins to a priest for the
purpose of obtaining his absolution. --Hallam.
4. A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised;
a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to
admission to membership of a church; a confession of
faith.
5. (Law) An admission by a party to whom an act is imputed,
in relation to such act. A judicial confession settles the
issue to which it applies; an extrajudical confession may
be explained or rebutted. --Wharton.
{Confession and avoidance} (Law), a mode of pleading in which
the party confesses the facts as stated by his adversary,
but alleges some new matter by way of avoiding the legal
effect claimed for them. --Mozley & W.
{Confession of faith}, a formulary containing the articles of
faith; a creed.
{General confession}, the confession of sins made by a number
of persons in common, as in public prayer.
{Westminster Confession}. See {Westminster Assembly}, under
{Assembly}.
Confessional \Con*fes"sion*al\, n. [F. confessional.]
The recess, seat, or inclosed place, where a priest sits to
hear confessions; often a small structure furnished with a
seat for the priest and with a window or aperture so that the
penitent who is outside may whisper into the priest's ear
without being seen by him or heard by others.
Confessional \Con*fes"sion*al\, a.
Pertaining to a confession of faith.
{Confessional equality}, equality before the law of persons
confessing different creeds.
Confessionalism \Con*fes"sion*al*ism\, n. (Eccl.)
An exaggerated estimate of the importance of giving full
assent to any particular formula of the Christian faith.
--Shaff.
Confessionalist \Con*fes"sion*al*ist\, n.
A priest hearing, or sitting to hear, confession. [R.]
--Boucher
Confessionary \Con*fes"sion*a*ry\, n. [LL. confessionarium.]
A confessional. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Confessionary \Con*fes"sion*a*ry\, a.
Pertaining to auricular confession; as, a confessionary
litany.
Confessionist \Con*fes"sion*ist\, n. [Cf. F. confessioniste.]
One professing a certain faith. --Bp. Montagu.
Confessor \Con*fess"or\ (?; 277), n. [OF. confessor, F.
confesseur, fr. L. & LL. confessor.]
1. One who confesses; one who acknowledges a fault, or the
truth of a charge, at the risk of suffering; specifically,
one who confesses himself a follower of Christ and endures
persecution for his faith.
He who dies for religion is a martyr; he who suffers
for it is a confessor. --Latham.
Our religion which hath been sealed with the blood
of so many martyrs and confessors. --Bacon.
2. A priest who hears the confessions of others and is
authorized to grant them absolution.
Confessorship \Con*fess"or*ship\, n.
The act or state of suffering persecution for religious
faith.
Our duty to contend even to confessorship. --J. H.
Newman.
Confestly \Con*fest"ly\, adv.
See {Cofessedly}.
Confidant \Con`fi*dant"\; 277), n. masc., Confidante
\Con`fi*dante"\ (?; 277), n. fem.[F. confident, confidente,
formerly also spelt confidant, confidante. See {Confide}, and
cf. {Confident}.]
One to whom secrets, especially those relating to affairs of
love, are confided or intrusted; a confidential or bosom
friend.
You love me for no other end Than to become my
confidant and friend; As such I keep no secret from
your sight. --Dryden.
Confide \Con*fide"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Confided}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Confiding}.] [L. confidere; con- + fidere to trust.
See {Faith}, and cf. {Affiance}.]
To put faith (in); to repose confidence; to trust; -- usually
followed by in; as, the prince confides in his ministers.
By thy command I rise or fall, In thy protection I
confide. --Byron.
Judge before friendships, then confide till death.
--Young.
Confide \Con*fide"\, v. t.
To intrust; to give in charge; to commit to one's keeping; --
followed by to.
Congress may . . . confide to the Circuit jurisdiction
of all offenses against the United States. --Story.
Confidence \Con"fi*dence\, n. [L. confidentia firm trust in,
self-confidence: cf. F. confidence.]
1. The act of confiding, trusting, or putting faith in;
trust; reliance; belief; -- formerly followed by of, now
commonly by in.
Society is built upon trust, and trust upon
confidence of one another's integrity. --South.
A cheerful confidence in the mercy of God.
--Macaulay.
2. That in which faith is put or reliance had.
The Lord shall be thy confidence. --Prov. iii.
26.
3. The state of mind characterized by one's reliance on
himself, or his circumstances; a feeling of
self-sufficiency; such assurance as leads to a feeling of
security; self-reliance; -- often with self prefixed.
Your wisdom is consumed in confidence; Do not go
forth to-day. --Shak.
But confidence then bore thee on secure Either to
meet no danger, or to find Matter of glorious trial.
--Milton.
4. Private conversation; (pl.) secrets shared; as, there were
confidences between them.
Sir, I desire some confidence with you. --Shak.
{Confidence game}, any swindling operation in which advantage
is taken of the confidence reposed by the victim in the
swindler.
{Confidence man}, a swindler.
{To take into one's confidence}, to admit to a knowledge of
one's feelings, purposes, or affairs.
Syn: Trust; assurance; expectation; hope.
I am confident that very much be done. --Boyle.
2. Trustful; without fear or suspicion; frank; unreserved.
Be confident to speak, Northumberland; We three are
but thyself. --Shak.
3. Having self-reliance; bold; undaunted.
As confident as is the falcon's flight Against a
bird, do I with Mowbray fight. --Shak.
4. Having an excess of assurance; bold to a fault;
dogmatical; impudent; presumptuous.
The fool rageth and is confident. --Prov. xiv.
16.
5. Giving occasion for confidence. [R.]
The cause was more confident than the event was
prosperious. --Jer. Taylor.
Confident \Con"fi*dent\, n.
See {Confidant}. --South. Dryden.
Confidential \Con`fi*den"tial\, a. [Cf. F. confidentiel.]
1. Enjoying, or treated with, confidence; trusted in;
trustworthy; as, a confidential servant or clerk.
2. Communicated in confidence; secret. ``Confidential
messages.'' --Burke.
{Confidential communication} (Law) See {Privileged
communication}, under {Privileged}.
{Confidential creditors}, those whose claims are of such a
character that they are entitled to be paid before other
creditors.
{Confidential debts}, debts incurred for borrowed money, and
regarded as having a claim to be paid before other debts.
--McElrath.
Confidentially \Con`fi*den"tial*ly\, adv.
In confidence; in reliance on secrecy.
Confidently \Con"fi*dent*ly\, adv.
With confidence; with strong assurance; positively.
Confidentness \Con"fi*dent*ness\, n.
The quality of being confident.
Confider \Con*fid"er\, n.
One who confides.
Confiding \Con*fid"ing\, a.
That confides; trustful; unsuspicious. -- {Con*fid"ing*ly},
adv. -- {Con*fid"ing*ness}, n.
Configurate \Con*fig"ur*ate\, v. i. [L. configuratus, p. p. of
configurare to form or after; con- + figurare to form, figura
form. See {Figure}.]
To take form or position, as the parts of a complex
structure; to agree with a pattern.
Known by the name of uniformity; Where pyramids to
pyramids relate And the whole fabric doth configurate.
--Jordan.
Configuration \Con*fig`u*ra"tion\, n. [L. configuratio.]
1. Form, as depending on the relative disposition of the
parts of a thing' shape; figure.
It is the variety of configurations [of the mouth] .
. . which gives birth and origin to the several
vowels. --Harris.
2. (Astrol.) Relative position or aspect of the planets; the
face of the horoscope, according to the relative positions
of the planets at any time.
They [astrologers] undertook . . . to determine the
course of a man's character and life from the
configuration of the stars at the moment of his
birth. --Whewell.
Configure \Con*fig"ure\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Configured}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Configuring}.] [L. configurare: cf. F.
configurer. See {Configurate}.]
To arrange or dispose in a certain form, figure, or shape.
--Bentley.
Confinable \Con*fin"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being confined, restricted, or limited.
Not confinable to any limits. --Bp. Hall.
Confine \Con*fine"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Confined}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Confining}.] [F. confiner to border upon, LL.
confinare to set bounds to; con- + finis boundary, end. See
{Final}, {Finish}.]
To restrain within limits; to restrict; to limit; to bound;
to shut up; to inclose; to keep close.
Now let not nature's hand Keep the wild flood confined!
let order die! --Shak.
He is to confine himself to the compass of numbers and
the slavery of rhyme. --Dryden.
{To be confined}, to be in childbed.
Syn: To bound; limit; restrain; imprison; immure; inclose;
circumscribe; restrict.
Confine \Con"fine\ (? or ?); 277), v. i.
To have a common boundary; to border; to lie contiguous; to
touch; -- followed by on or with. [Obs.]
Where your gloomy bounds Confine with heaven. --Milton.
Bewixt heaven and earth and skies there stands a place.
Confining on all three. --Dryden.
Confine \Con"fine\, n.
1. Common boundary; border; limit; -- used chiefly in the
plural.
Events that came to pass within the confines of
Judea. --Locke.
And now in little space The confines met of empyrean
heaven, And of this world. --Milton.
On the confines of the city and the Temple.
--Macaulay.
2. Apartment; place of restraint; prison. [Obs.]
Confines, wards, and dungeons. --Shak.
The extravagant and erring spirit hies To his
confine. --Shak.
Confineless \Con"fine`less\ (? or ?), a.
Without limitation or end; boundless. --Shak.
Confinement \Con*fine"ment\, n.
1. Restraint within limits; imprisonment; any restraint of
liberty; seclusion.
The mind hates restraint, and is apt to fancy itself
under confinement when the sight is pent up.
--Addison.
2. Restraint within doors by sickness, esp. that caused by
childbirth; lying-in.
Confiner \Con*fin"er\, n.
One who, or that which, limits or restrains.
Confiner \Con"fi`ner\ (? or ?), n.
One who lives on confines, or near the border of a country; a
borderer; a near neighbor. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Happy confiners you of other lands, That shift your
soil, and oft 'scape tyrants' hands. --Daniel.
Confinity \Con*fin"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. confinit['e].]
Community of limits; contiguity. [R.] --Bailey.
Confirm \Con*firm"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Confrmed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Confirming}.] [OE. confermen, confirmen, OF.
confermer, F. confirmer, fr. L. confirmare; con- + firmare to
make firm, fr. firmus firm. See {Firm}.]
1. To make firm or firmer; to add strength to; to establish;
as, health is confirmed by exercise.
Confirm the crown to me and to mine heirs. --Shak.
And confirmed the same unto Jacob for a law. --Ps.
cv. 10.
2. To strengthen in judgment or purpose.
Confirmed, then, I resolve Adam shall share with me
in bliss or woe. --Milton.
3. To give new assurance of the truth of; to render certain;
to verify; to corroborate; as, to confirm a rumor.
Your eyes shall witness and confirm my tale. --Pope.
These likelihoods confirm her flight. --Shak.
4. To render valid by formal assent; to complete by a
necessary sanction; to ratify; as, to confirm the
appoinment of an official; the Senate confirms a treaty.
That treaty so prejudicial ought to have been
remitted rather than confimed. --Swift.
5. (Eccl.) To administer the rite of confirmation to. See
{Confirmation}, 3.
Those which are thus confirmed are thereby supposed
to be fit for admission to the sacrament. --Hammond.
Syn: To strengthen; corroborate; substantiate; establish;
fix; ratify; settle; verify; assure.
Confirmable \Con*firm"a*ble\, a.
That may be confirmed.
Confirmance \Con*firm"ance\, n.
Confirmation. [Obs.]
Confirmation \Con`fir*ma"tion\, n. [F. confirmation, L.
confirmatio.]
1. The act of confirming or strengthening; the act of
establishing, ratifying, or sanctioning; as, the
confirmation of an appointment.
Their blood is shed In confirmation of the noblest
claim. --Cowper.
2. That which confirms; that which gives new strength or
assurance; as to a statement or belief; additional
evidence; proof; convincing testimony.
Trifles light as air Are to the jealous
confirmations strong As proofs of holy writ. --Shak.
3. (Eccl.) A rite supplemental to baptism, by which a person
is admitted, through the laying on of the hands of a
bishop, to the full privileges of the church, as in the
Roman Catholic, the Episcopal Church, etc.
This ordinance is called confirmation, because they
who duly receive it are confirmed or strengthened
for the fulfillment of their Christian duties, by
the grace therein bestowed upon them. --Hook.
4. (Law) A conveyance by which a voidable estate is made sure
and not voidable, or by which a particular estate is
increased; a contract, express or implied, by which a
person makes that firm and binding which was before
voidable.
Confirmative \Con*firm"a*tive\, a. [L. confirmativus: cf. F.
confirmatif.]
Tending to confirm or establish. --Sherwood. --
{Con*firm"a*tive*ly}, adv.
Confirmator \Con"fir*ma`tor\, n. [L.]
One who, or that which, confirms; a confirmer. --Sir T.
Browne.
Confirmatory \Con*firm"a*to*ry\, a. .
Serving to confirm; corroborative.
A fact confirmatory of the conclusion. --I. Taylor.
2. Pertaining to the rite of confirmation. --Compton.
Confirmedly \Con*firm"ed*ly\, adv.
With confirmation.
Confirmedness \Con*firm"ed*ness\, n.
A fixed state.
Confirmee \Con`fir*mee"\, n. [F. confirm['e], p. p. of
confirmer.] (Law)
One to whom anything is confirmed.
Confirmer \Con*firm"er\, n.
One who, or that which, confirms, establishes, or ratifies;
one who corroborates. --Shak.
Confirmingly \Con*firm"ing*ly\, adv.
In a confirming manner.
Confiscable \Con*fis"ca*ble\, a. [Cf. F. confiscable.]
Capable of being confiscated; liable to forfeiture.
Confiscate \Con"fis*cate\ (? or ?), a. [L. confiscatus, p. p. of
confiscare to confiscate, prop., to lay up in a chest; con- +
fiscus basket, purse, treasury. See {Fiscal}.]
Seized and appropriated by the government to the public use;
forfeited.
Lest that your goods too soon be confiscate. --Shak.
Confiscate \Con"fis*cate\ (? or ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Confiscated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Confiscating}.]
To seize as forfeited to the public treasury; to appropriate
to the public use.
It was judged that he should be banished and his whole
estate confiscated and seized. --Bacon.
Confiscation \Con`fis*ca"tion\, n. [L. confiscatio.]
The act or process of taking property or condemning it to be
taken, as forfeited to the public use.
The confiscations following a subdued rebellion.
--Hallam.
Confiscator \Con"fis*ca`tor\, n. [L., a treasurer.]
One who confiscates. --Burke.
Confiscatory \Con*fis"ca*to*ry\, a.
Effecting confiscation; characterized by confiscations.
``Confiscatory and exterminatory periods.'' --Burke.
Confit \Con"fit\, n.
Same as {Comfit}. [Obs.]
Confitent \Con"fi*tent\, n. [L. confitens, p. pr.]
One who confesses his sins and faults. [Obs.]
Confiteor \Con*fit"e*or\, n. [L., I confess. See {Confess}.]
(R.C.Ch.)
A form of prayer in which public confession of sins is made.
Confiture \Con"fi*ture\ (?; 135), n. [F. See {Confiture}.]
Composition; preparation, as of a drug, or confection; a
sweetmeat. [Obs.] ``Confitures and pies.'' --Bacon.
Confix \Con*fix"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Confixed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. Confixing.] [L. confixus, p. p. of configere to fasten
together.]
To fix; to fasten. [Obs.] --Shak.
Confixure \Con*fix"ure\ (?; 135), n.
Act of fastening. [Obs.]
Conflagrant \Con*fla"grant\, a. [L. conflagrans, p. pr. of
conflagrare; con- + flagrare to blaze. See {Flagrant}.]
Burning together in a common flame. [R.] ``The {conflagrant}
mass.'' --Milton.
Conflagration \Con`fla*gra"tion\, n. [L. conflagratio: cf. F.
conflagration.]
A fire extending to many objects, or over a large space; a
general burning.
Till one wide conflagration swallows all. --Pope.
Conflate \Con*flate"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conflated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conflating}.] [L. conflatus, p. p. of conflare to
blow together; con- + flare to blow.]
To blow together; to bring together; to collect; to fuse
together; to join or weld; to consolidate.
The State-General, created and conflated by the
passionate effort of the whole nation. --Carlyle.
Conflation \Con*fla"tion\, n. [L. conflatio.]
A blowing together, as of many instruments in a concert, or
of many fires in a foundry. [R.] --Bacon.
Conflict \Con"flict\, n. [L. conflictus a striking together, fr.
confligere, -flictum, to strike together, to fight: cf. F.
conflit, formerly also conflict. See {Conflict}, v.]
1. A striking or dashing together; violent collision; as, a
conflict of elements or waves.
2. A strife for the mastery; hostile contest; battle;
struggle; fighting.
As soon as he [Atterbury] was himself again, he
became eager for action and conflict. --Macaulay.
An irrepressible conflict between opposing and
enduring forces. --W. H.
Seward.
{Conflict of laws}, that branch of jurisprudence which deals
with individual litigation claimed to be subject to the
conflicting laws of two or more states or nations; --
often used as synonymous with {Private international law}.
Syn: Contest; collision; struggle; combat; strife;
contention; battle; fight; encounter. See {Contest}.
Conflict \Con*flict"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Conflicted}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Conflicting}.] [L. conflictus, p. p. of confligere
to conflict (cf. conflictare); con- + fligere to strike; cf.
Gr. fli`bein, qli`bein, to press, L. flagrum whip.]
1. To strike or dash together; to meet in violent collision;
to collide. --Shak.
Fire and water conflicting together. --Bacon.
2. To maintain a conflict; to contend; to engage in strife or
opposition; to struggle.
A man would be content to . . . conflict with great
difficulties, in hopes of a mighty reward. --Abp.
Tillotson.
3. To be in opposition; to be contradictory.
The laws of the United States and of the individual
States may, in some cases, conflict with each other.
--Wheaton.
Syn: To fight; contend; contest; resist; struggle; combat;
strive; battle.
Conflicting \Con*flict"ing\, a.
Being in conflict or collision, or in opposition; contending;
contradictory; incompatible; contrary; opposing.
Torn with sundry conflicting passions. --Bp. Hurd.
Conflictive \Con*flict"ive\, a.
Tending to conflict; conflicting. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Confluence \Con"flu*ence\, n. [L. confluentia.]
1. The act of flowing together; the meeting or junction of
two or more streams; the place of meeting.
New York stood at the confluence of two rivers.
--Bancroft.
2. Any running together of separate streams or currents; the
act of meeting and crowding in a place; hence, a crowd; a
concourse; an assemblage.
You see this confluence, this great flood of
vistors. --Shak.
The confluence . . . of all true joys. --Boyle.
Confluent \Con"flu*ent\, a. [L. confluens, -entis, p. pr. of
confluere, -fluxum; con- + fluere to flow. See {Fluent}.]
1. Flowing together; meeting in their course; running one
into another.
These confluent steams make some great river's head.
--Blackmore.
2. (Bot.) Blended into one; growing together, so as to
obliterate all distinction.
3. (Med.)
(a) Running together or uniting, as pimples or pustules.
(b) Characterized by having the pustules, etc., run
together or unite, so as to cover the surface; as,
confluent smallpox. --Dunglison.
Confluent \Con"flu*ent\, n.
1. A small steam which flows into a large one.
2. The place of meeting of steams, currents, etc. [Obs.]
--Holland.
Conflux \Con"flux\, n. [From L. confluxus, p. p. See
{Confluent}.]
1. A flowing together; a meeting of currents. ``The conflux
of meeting sap.'' --Shak.
The general conflux and concourse of the whole
people. --Clarendon.
2. A large assemblage; a passing multitude.
To the gates cast round thine eye, and see What
conflux issuing forth, or entering in. --Milton.
Confluxibility \Con*flux`i*bil"i*ty\, n.
The tendency of fluids to run together. [R.] --Boyle.
Confluxible \Con*flux"i*ble\, a.
Inclined to flow or run together. -- {Con*flux"i*ble*ness},
n.
Confocal \Con*fo"cal\, a. (Math.)
Having the same foci; as, confocal quadrics.
Conform \Con*form"\, a. [L. conformis; con- + forma form: cf. F.
conforme.]
Of the same form; similar in import; conformable. --Bacon.
Care must be taken that the interpretation be every way
conform to the analogy of faith. --Bp.Hall.
Conform \Con*form"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conformed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conforming}.] [F. conformer, L. conformare,
-formatum; con- + formare to form, forma form. See {Form}.]
To shape in accordance with; to make like; to bring into
harmony or agreement with; -- usually with to or unto.
Demand of them wherefore they conform not themselves
unto the order of the church. --Hooker.
Conform \Con*form"\, v. i.
1. To be in accord or harmony; to comply; to be obedient; to
submit; -- with to or with.
A rule to which experience must conform. --Whewell.
2. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) To comply with the usages of the
Established Church; to be a conformist.
About two thousand ministers whose consciences did
not suffer them to conform were driven from their
benefices in a day. --Macaulay.
Conformability \Con*form`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
1. The state of being conformable.
2. (Geol.) The parallelism of two sets of strata which are in
contact.
Conformable \Con*form"a*ble\, a.
1. Corresponding in form, character, opinions, etc.; similar;
like; consistent; proper or suitable; -- usually followed
by to.
The fragments of Sappho give us a taste of her way
of writing perfectly conformable with that
character. --Addison.
Conformable to Scripture as well as to philosophy.
--Whewell.
To make matters somewhat conformable for the old
knight. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. Disposed to compliance or obedience; ready to follow
direstions; submissive; compliant.
I have been to you a true and humble wife, At all
times to your will conformable. --Shak.
3. (Geol.) Parallel, or nearly so; -- said of strata in
contact.
Conformableness \Con*form"a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being conformable; conformability.
Conformably \Con*form"a*bly\, adv.
With conformity or in conformity; suitably; agreeably.
Conformably to the law and nature of God. --Bp.
Beveridge.
Conformance \Con*form"ance\, n.
Conformity. [R.] --Marston.
Conformate \Con*form"ate\, a. [L. conformatus, p. p. See
{Conform}.]
Having the same form. [R.]
Conformation \Con`for*ma"tion\, n. [L. conformatio: cf. F.
conformation.]
1. The act of conforming; the act of producing conformity.
The conformation of our hearts and lives to the
duties of true religion and morality. --I. Watts.
2. The state of being conformed; agreement; hence; structure,
as depending on the arrangement of parts; form;
arrangement.
In Hebrew poetry, there may be observed a certain
conformation of the sentences. --Lowth.
A structure and conformation of the earth.
--Woodward.
Conformer \Con*form"er\, n.
One who conforms; one who complies with established forms or
doctrines.
Conformist \Con*form"ist\, n.
One who conforms or complies; esp., one who conforms to the
Church of England, or to the Established Church, as
distinguished from a {dissenter} or {nonconformist}.
A cheeful conformist to your judgment. --Jer.Taylor.
Conformity \Con*form"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Conformities}. [Cf. F.
conformit['e].]
1. Correspondence in form, manner, or character; resemblance;
agreement; congruity; -- followed by to, with, or between.
By our conformity to God. --Tillotson.
The end of all religion is but to draw us to a
conformity with God. --Dr. H.More.
A conformity between the mental taste and the
sensitive taste. --Addison.
2. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) Compliance with the usages of the
Established Church.
The king [James I.] soon afterward put forth a
proclamation requiring all ecclesiastical and civil
officers to do their duty by enforcing conformity.
--Hallam.
Confortation \Con`for*ta"tion\, n. [Cf. F. confortation, LL.
confortatio. Cf. {Comfort}.]
The act of strengthening. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Confound \Con*found"\ (k[o^]n*found"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Confounded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Confounding}.] [F. confondre,
fr. L. confundere, -fusum, to pour together; con- + fundere
to pour. See {Fuse} to melt, and cf. {Confuse}.]
1. To mingle and blend, so that different elements can not be
distinguished; to confuse.
They who strip not ideas from the marks men use for
them, but confound them with words, must have
endless dispute. --Locke.
Let us go down, and there confound their language.
--Gen. xi. 7.
2. To mistake for another; to identify falsely.
They [the tinkers] were generally vagrants and
pilferers, and were often confounded with the
gypsies. --Macaulay.
3. To throw into confusion or disorder; to perplex; to strike
with amazement; to dismay.
The gods confound... The Athenians both within and
out that wall. --Shak.
They trusted in thee and were not confounded. --Ps.
xxii. 5.
So spake the Son of God, and Satan stood A while as
mute, confounded what to say. --Milton.
4. To destroy; to ruin; to waste. [Obs.]
One man's lust these many lives confounds. --Shak.
How couldst thou in a mile confound an hour? --Shak.
Syn: To abash; confuse; baffle; dismay; astonish; defeat;
terrify; mix; blend; intermingle. See {Abash}.
Confounded \Con*found"ed\, a.
1. Confused; perplexed.
A cloudy and confounded philisopher. --Cudworth.
2. Excessive; extreme; abominable. [Colloq.]
He was a most confounded tory. --Swift.
The tongue of that confounded woman. --Sir.
W.Scott.
Confoundedly \Con*found"ed*ly\, adv.
Extremely; odiously; detestable. [Colloq.] ``Confoundedly
sick.'' --Goldsmith.
Confoundedness \Con*found"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being confounded.
Their witty descant of my confoundedness. --Milton.
Confounder \Con*found"er\, n.
One who confounds.
Confract \Con"fract`\, a. [L. confractus, p. p. of confringere.]
Broken in pieces; severed. [Obs.]
Confragose \Con`fra*gose"\, a. [L. confragosus; con- + fragosus,
fr. frangere. See {Fragile}.]
Broken; uneven. [Obs.] ``Confragose cataracts.'' --Evelyn.
Confraternity \Con`fra*ter"ni*ty\, n.; pl. {Confraternities}.
[LL. confraternitas: cf. F. confraternit?. See {Fraternity}.]
A society of body of men united for some purpose, or in some
profession; a brotherhood.
These live in one society and confraternity. --Stow.
Confrere \Con`frere"\, n. [F.]
Fellow member of a fraternity; intimate associate.
Confrication \Con`fri*ca"tion\, n. [L. confricatio, fr.
confricare to rub vigorously.]
A rubbing together; friction. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Confrier \Con*fri"er\, n. [Cf. F. confr[`e]re. See {Friar}.]
A confr[`e]re. [Obs.] --Weever.
Confront \Con*front"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Confronted}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Confronting}.] [F. confronter; L. con- + frons the
forehead or front. See {Front}.]
1. To stand facing or in front of; to face; esp. to face
hostilely; to oppose with firmness.
We four, indeed, confronted were with four In
Russian habit. --Shak.
He spoke and then confronts the bull. --Dryden.
Hester caught hold of Pearl, and drew her forcibly
into her arms, confronting the old Puritan
magistrate with almost a fierce expression.
--Hawthorne.
It was impossible at once to confront the might of
France and to trample on the liberties of England.
--Macaulay.
2. To put face to face; to cause to face or to meet; as, to
confront one with the proofs of his wrong doing.
3. To set in opposition for examination; to put in contrast;
to compare.
When I confront a medal with a verse, I only show
you the same design executed by different hands.
--Addison.
Confrontation \Con`fron*ta"tion\, n. [LL. confrontatio.]
Act of confrontating. --H.Swinburne.
Confront'e \Con`fron`t['e]"\, a. [F., p. p. {confronter}.]
(Her.)
Same as {Affront['e]}.
Confronter \Con*front"er\, n.
One who confronts.
A confronter in authority. --Speed.
Confrontment \Con*front"ment\, n.
The act of confronting; the state of being face to face.
Confrontment \Con*front"ment\, n.
The act of confronting; the state of being face to face.
Confucian \Con*fu"cian\, a.
Of, or relating to, Confucius, the great Chinese philosopher
and teacher. -- n. A Confucianist.
Confucianism \Con*fu"cian*ism\, n.
The political morality taught by Confucius and his disciples,
which forms the basis of the Chinese jurisprudence and
education. It can hardly be called a religion, as it does not
inculcate the worship of any god. --S. W. Williams.
Confucianist \Con*fu"cian*ist\, n.
A follower of Confucius; a Confucian. --S. W. Williams.
Confus \Con*fus\, a. [F. See {Confuse}, a.]
Confused, disturbed. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Confusability \Con*fus`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
Capability of being confused.
Confusable \Con*fus"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being confused.
Confuse \Con*fuse"\, a. [F. confus, L. confusus, p. p. of
confundere. See {Confound}.]
Mixed; confounded. [Obs.] --Baret.
Confuse \Con*fuse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Confused}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Confusing}.]
1. To mix or blend so that things can not be distinguished;
to jumble together; to confound; to render indistinct or
obscure; as, to confuse accounts; to confuse one's vision.
A universal hubbub wild Of stunning sounds and
voices all confused. --Milton.
2. To perplex; to disconcert; to abash; to cause to lose
self-possession.
Nor thou with shadowed hint confuse A life that
leads melodious days. --Tennyson.
Confused and sadly she at length replied. --Pope.
Syn: To abash; disorder; disarrange; disconcert; confound;
obscure; distract. See {Abash}.
Confusedly \Con*fus"ed*ly\, adv.
In a confused manner.
Confusedness \Con*fus"ed*ness\, n.
A state of confusion. --Norris.
Confusely \Con*fuse"ly\, adv.
Confusedly; obscurely. [Obs.]
Confusion \Con*fu"sion\, n. [F. confusion, L. confusio.]
1. The state of being mixed or blended so as to produce
indistinctness or error; indistinct combination; disorder;
tumult.
The confusion of thought to which the Aristotelians
were liable. --Whewell.
Moody beggars starving for a time Of pellmell havoc
and confusion. --Shak.
2. The state of being abashed or disconcerted; loss
self-possession; perturbation; shame.
Confusion dwelt in every face And fear in every
heart. --Spectator.
3. Overthrow; defeat; ruin.
Ruin seize thee, ruthless king, Confusion on thy
banners wait. --Gray.
4. One who confuses; a confounder. [Obs.] --Chapmen.
{Confusion of goods} (Law), the intermixture of the goods of
two or more persons, so that their respective portions can
no longer be distinguished. --Blackstone. --Bouvier.
Confusive \Con*fu"sive\, a.
Confusing; having a tendency to confusion. --Bp. Hall.
Confutable \Con*fut"a*ble\, a.
That may be confuted.
A conceit . . . confutable by daily experience. --Sir
T.Browne.
Confutant \Con*fut"ant\, n. [L. confutans, p. pr. of confutare.]
One who undertakes to confute. --Milton.
Confutation \Con`fu*ta"tion\, n. [L. confutatio: cf. F.
confutation.]
The act or process of confuting; refutation. ``For the
edification of some and the confutation of others.'' --Bp.
Horne.
Confutative \Con*fut"a*tive\, a.
Adapted or designed to confute. --Bp. Warburton
Confute \Con*fute\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Confuted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Confuting}.] [L. confutare to chek (a boiling liquid), to
repress, confute; con- + a root seen in futis a water
vessel), prob. akin to fundere to pour: cf. F. confuter. See
{Fuse} to melt.]
To overwhelm by argument; to refute conclusively; to prove or
show to be false or defective; to overcome; to silence.
Satan stood . . . confuted and convinced Of his weak
arguing fallacious drift. --Milton.
No man's error can be confuted who doth not . . . grant
some true principle that contradicts his error.
--Chillingworth.
I confute a good profession with a bad conversation.
--Fuller.
Syn: To disprove; overthrow; sed aside; refute; oppugn.
Usage: To {Confute}, {Refute.} Refute is literally to and
decisive evidence; as, to refute a calumny, charge,
etc. Confute is literally to check boiling, as when
cold water is poured into hot, thus serving to allay,
bring down, or neutralize completely. Hence, as
applied to arguments (and the word is never applied,
like refute, to charges), it denotes, to overwhelm by
evidence which puts an end to the case and leaves an
opponent nothing to say; to silence; as, ``the atheist
is confuted by the whole structure of things around
him.''
Confutement \Con*fute"ment\, n.
Confutation. [Obs.] --Milton.
Confuter \Con*fut"er\, n.
One who confutes or disproves.
Cong \Cong\, n. (Med.)
An abbreviation of {Congius}.
Cong'e \Con`g['e]"\ (?; E. ?; 277), n. [F., leave, permission,
fr. L. commeatus a going back and forth, a leave of absence,
furlough, fr. commeare, -meatum, to go and come; com- + meare
to go. Cf. {Permeate}.] [Formerly written {congie}.]
1. The act of taking leave; parting ceremony; farewell; also,
dismissal.
Should she pay off old Briggs and give her her
cong['e]? --Thackeray.
2. The customary act of civility on any occasion; a bow or a
courtesy.
The captain salutes you with cong['e] profound.
--Swift.
3. (Arch.) An apophyge. --Gwilt.
{Cong['e] d'['e]lire}[F., leave to choose] (Eccl.), the
sovereign's license or permission to a dean and chapter to
choose as bishop the person nominated in the missive.
Conge \Con"ge\, v. i. [Imp. & p. p. {Congeed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Congeing}.] [OF. congier, congeer, F. cong['e]dier, fr.
cong['e]. See {Cong['e]}, n.]
To take leave with the customary civilities; to bow or
courtesy.
I have congeed with the duke, done my adieu with his
nearest. --Shak.
Congeable \Con"ge*a*ble\, a. (O. Eng. Law)
Permissible; done lawfully; as, entry congeable.
Congeal \Con*geal"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Congealed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Congealing}.] [F. congeler, L. congelare, -gelatumn;
con- + gelare to freeze, gelu frost. See {Gelid}.]
1. To change from a fluid to a solid state by cold; to
freeze.
A vapory deluge lies to snow congealed. --Thomson.
2. To affect as if by freezing; to check the flow of, or
cause to run cold; to chill.
As if with horror to congeal his blood. --Stirling.
Congeal \Con*geal"\, v. i.
To grow hard, stiff, or thick, from cold or other causes; to
become solid; to freeze; to cease to flow; to run cold; to be
chilled.
Lest zeal, now melted . . . Cool and congeal again to
what it was. --Shak.
Congealable \Con*geal"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. congelable.]
Capable of being congealed. -- {Con*geal"a*ble*ness}, n.
Congealedness \Con*geal"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being congealed. --Dr. H.More.
Congealment \Con*geal"ment\, n.
1. The act or the process of congealing; congeliation.
2. That which is formed by congelation; a clot. [Obs.]
Wash the congealment from your wounds. --Shak.
Congee \Con"gee\, n. & v.
See {Cong['e]}, {Conge}. [Obs.]
And unto her his congee came to take. --Spenser.
Congee \Con*gee"\, n.
1. [Tamil ka?shi boilings.] Boiled rice; rice gruel. [India]
2. A jail; a lockup. [India]
{Congee discharges}, rice water discharges. --Dunglison.
{Congee water}, water in which rice has been boiled.
Congelation \Con`ge*la"tion\, n. [F. cong['e]lation, L.
congelatio.]
1. The act or process of passing, or causing to pass, from a
fluid to a solid state, as by the abstraction of heat; the
act or process of freezing.
The capillary tubes are obstructed either by outward
compression or congelation of the fluid.
--Arbuthnot.
2. The state of being congealed.
3. That which is congealed.
Sugar plums . . . with a multitude of congelations
in jellies of various colors. --Taller.
Congener \Con"ge*ner\ (?; 277), n. [From L. congener. See
{Congenerous}.]
A thing of the same genus, species, or kind; a thing allied
in nature, character, or action.
The cherry tree has been often grafted on the laurel,
to which it is a congener. --P. Miller.
Our elk is more polygamous in his habits than any other
deer except his congener, the red deer of Europe.
--Caton.
Congeneracy \Con*gen"er*a*cy\, n.
Similarity of origin; affinity. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Congeneric \Con`ge*ner"ic\, Congenerical \Con`ge*ner"ic*al\, a.
Belonging to the same genus; allied in origin, nature, or
action. --R. Owen.
Congenerous \Con*gen"er*ous\, a. [L. congener; con- + genus,
generis, birth, kind, race. See {Genus}, and cf. {Congener}.]
Allied in origin or cause; congeneric; as, congenerous
diseases. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne. -- {Con*gen"er*ous*ness},
n. [Obs.] --Hallywell.
Congenial \Con*gen"ial\ (?; 106), a. [Pref. con- + genial.]
1. Partaking of the same nature; allied by natural
characteristics; kindred; sympathetic.
Congenial souls! whose life one avarice joins.
--Pope.
2. Naturally adapted; suited to the disposition. ``Congenial
clime.'' --C. J. Fox.
To defame the excellence with which it has no
sympathy . . . is its congenial work. --I. Taylor.
Congeniality \Con*ge`ni*al"i*ty\ (? or ?; 106), n.
The state or quality of being congenial; natural affinity;
adaptation; suitableness. --Sir J. Reynolds.
If congeniality of tastes could have made a marriage
happy, that union should have been thrice blessed.
--Motley.
Congenialize \Con*gen"ial*ize\, v. t.
To make congenial. [R.]
Congenially \Con*gen"ial*ly\, adv.
In a congenial manner; as, congenially married or employed.
Congenialness \Con*gen"ial*ness\, n.
Congeniality.
Congenious \Con*gen"ious\, a.
Congeneric. [Obs.]
Congenital \Con*gen"i*tal\, a. [From {Congenite}.]
Existing at, or dating from, birth; pertaining to one from
birth; born with one; connate; constitutional; natural; as, a
congenital deformity. See {Connate}.
Congenitally \Con*gen"i*tal*ly\, dv.
In a congenital manner.
Congenite \Con*gen"ite\, a. [L. congenitus; con- + genitus, p.
p. of gignere to beget. See {Generate}.]
Congenital; connate; inborn. See {Congenital}. [Obs.]
Many conclusions, of moral and intellectual truths,
seem . . . to be congenite with us. --Sir M. Hale.
Conger \Con"ger\, n. [L. conger, congrus, akin to Gr. ?: cf. F.
congre.] (Zo["o]l.)
The conger eel; -- called also {congeree}.
{Conger sea} (Zo["o]l.), the sea eel; a large species of eel
({Conger vulgaris}), which sometimes grows to the length
of ten feet.
Congeries \Con*ge"ri*es\, n. sing & pl. [L., fr. congerere. See
{Congest}.]
A collection of particles or bodies into one mass; a heap; an
aggregation.
Congest \Con*gest"\, v. t. [L. congestus, p. p. of congere to
bring together; con- + gerere. See {Gerund}.]
1. To collect or gather into a mass or aggregate; to bring
together; to accumulate.
To what will thy congested guilt amount?
--Blackmore.
2. (Med.) To cause an overfullness of the blood vessels (esp.
the capillaries) of an organ or part.
Congested \Con*gest"ed\, a.
1. (Bot.) Crowded together. --Gray.
2. (Med.) Containing an unnatural accumulation of blood;
hyper[ae]mic; -- said of any part of the body.
Congestion \Con*ges"tion\ (?; 106), n. [L. congestio: cf. F.
congestion.]
1. The act of gathering into a heap or mass; accumulation.
[Obs.]
The congestion of dead bodies one upon another.
--Evelyn.
2. (Med.) Overfullness of the capillary and other blood
vessels, etc., in any locality or organ (often producing
other morbid symptoms); local hyper[ae]mia, active or
passive; as, arterial congestion; venous congestion;
congestion of the lungs.
Congestive \Con*gest"ive\, a. (Med.)
Pertaining to, indicating, or attended with, congestion in
some part of the body; as, a congestive fever.
Congiary \Con"gi*a*ry\, n.; pl. {Congiaries}. [L. congiarium,
fr. congius a liquid measure.]
A present, as of corn, wine, or oil, made by a Roman emperor
to the soldiers or the people; -- so called because measured
to each in a congius. --Addison.
Note: In later years, when gifts of money were distributed,
the name congius was retained.
Congius \Con"gi*us\, n. [L.]
1. (Roman Antiq.) A liquid measure containing about three
quarts.
2. (Med.) A gallon, or four quarts. [Often abbreviated to
{cong.}]
Conglaciate \Con*gla"ci*ate\ (?; 221), v. t. & i. [L.
conglaciatus, p. p. of conglaciare. See {Glaciate}.]
To turn to ice; to freeze. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Conglaciation \Con*gla`ci*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. conglaciation.]
The act or process of changing into ice, or the state of
being converted to ice; a freezing; congelation; also, a
frost. --Bacon.
Conglobate \Con*glo"bate\ (?; 277), a. [L. conglobatus, p. p. of
conglobare to conglobate. See {Globate}.]
Collected into, or forming, a rounded mass or ball; as, the
conglobate [lymphatic] glands; conglobate flowers.
Conglobate \Con*glo"bate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conglobated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Conglobating}.] [Cf. {Conglore}.]
To collect or form into a ball or rounded mass; to gather or
mass together.
Conglobated bubbles undissolved. --Wordsworth.
Conglobation \Con`glo*ba"tion\, n. [L. conglobatio: cf. F.
conglobation.]
1. The act or process of forming into a ball. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. A round body.
Conglobe \Con*globe"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conglobed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conglobing}.] [L. conglobare: cf. F. conglober. Cf.
{Conglobate}.]
To gather into a ball; to collect into a round mass.
Then founded, then conglobed Like things to like.
--Milton.
Conglobe \Con*globe"\, v. i.
To collect, unite, or coalesce in a round mass. --Milton.
Conglobulate \Con*glob"u*late\, v. i. [Pref. con- + globule.]
To gather into a small round mass.
Conglomerate \Con*glom"er*ate\, a. [L. conglomeratus, p. p. of
conglomerare to roll together; con- + glomerare to wind into
a ball. See {Glomerate}.]
1. Gathered into a ball or a mass; collected together;
concentrated; as, conglomerate rays of light.
Beams of light when they are multiplied and
conglomerate. --Bacon.
Fluids are separated in the liver and the other
conglobate and conglomerate glands. --Cheyne.
2. (Bot.) Closely crowded together; densly clustered; as,
conglomerate flowers. --Gray.
3. (Geol.) Composed of stones, pebbles, or fragments of
rocks, cemented together.
Conglomerate \Con*glom"er*ate\, n.
1. That which is heaped together in a mass or conpacted from
various sources; a mass formed of fragments; collection;
accumulation.
A conglomerate of marvelous anecdotes, marvelously
heaped together. --Trench.
2. (Geol.) A rock, composed or rounded fragments of stone
cemented together by another mineral substance, either
calcareous, siliceous, or argillaceous; pudding stone; --
opposed to agglomerate. See {Breccia}.
A conglomerate, therefore, is simply gravel bound
together by a cement. --Lyell.
Conglomerate \Con*glom"er*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Conglomerated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Conglomerating}.]
To gather into a ball or round body; to collect into a mass.
Conglomeration \Con*glom`er*a"tion\, n. [L. conglomeratio: cf.
F. conglomeration.]
The act or process of gathering into a mass; the state of
being thus collected; collection; accumulation; that which is
conglomerated; a mixed mass. --Bacon.
Conglutin \Con*glu"tin\, n. [From {Conglutinate}.] (Chem.)
A variety of vegetable casein, resembling legumin, and found
in almonds, rye, wheat, etc.
Conglutinant \Con*glu"ti*nant\, a. [L., conglutinans, p. pr.]
Cementing together; uniting closely; causing to adhere;
promoting healing, as of a wound or a broken bone, by
adhesion of the parts.
Conglutinate \Con*glu"ti*nate\, a. [L. conglutinatus, p. p. of
conglutinare to glue; con- + glutinare to glue, gluten glue.]
Glued together; united, as by some adhesive substance.
Conglutinate \Con*glu"ti*nate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Conglutinated}; p. pr. & vb. n. Conglutinating.]
To glue together; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious
substance; to cause to adhere or to grow together.
Bones . . . have had their broken parts conglutinated
within three or four days. --Boyle.
Conglutinate \Con*glu"ti*nate\, v. i.
To unite by the intervention of some glutinous substance; to
coalesce.
Conglutination \Con*glu`ti*na"tion\, n. [L. conglutinatio: cf.
F. conglutination.]
A gluing together; a joining by means of some tenacious
substance; junction; union.
Conglutination of parts separated by a wound.
--Arbuthnot.
Conglutinative \Con*glu"ti*na"tive\, a. [Cf. F. conglutinatif.]
Conglutinant.
Congou \Con"gou\, Congo \Con"go\, n. [Chin. kung-foo labor.]
Black tea, of higher grade (finer leaf and less dusty) than
the present bohea. See {Tea}.
Of black teas, the great mass is called Congou, or the
``well worked'', a name which took the place of the
Bohea of 150 years ago, and is now itself giving way to
the term ``English breakfast tea.'' --S. W.
Williams.
Congo snake \Con"go snake"\ (Zo["o]l.)
An amphibian ({Amphiuma means}) of the order {Urodela}, found
in the southern United States. See {Amphiuma}.
Congratulant \Con*grat"u*lant\, a. [L. congratulans, p. pr.]
Rejoicing together; congratulatory.
With like joy Congratulant approached him. --Milton.
Congratulate \Con*grat"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Congratulated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Congratulating}.] [L.
congratulatus, p. p. of congratulari to wish joy abundantly;
con- + gratulari to wish joy, from gratus pleasing. See
{Grateful}.]
To address with expressions of sympathetic pleasure on
account of some happy event affecting the person addressed;
to wish joy to.
It is the king's most sweet pleasure and affection to
congratulate the princess at her pavilion. --Shak.
{To congratulate one's self}, to rejoice; to feel
satisfaction; to consider one's self happy or fortunate.
Syn: {To Congratulate}, {Felicitate}.
Usage: To felicitate is simply to wish a person joy. To
congratulate has the additional signification of
uniting in the joy of him whom we congratulate. Hence
they are by no means synonymous. One who has lost the
object of his affections by her marriage to a rival,
might perhaps felicitate that rival on his success,
but could never be expected to congratulate him on
such an event.
Felicitations are little better than
compliments; congratulations are the expression
of a genuine sympathy and joy. --Trench.
Congratulate \Con*grat"u*late\, v. i.
To express of feel sympathetic joy; as, to congratulate with
one's country. [R.] --Swift.
The subjects of England may congratulate to themselves.
--Dryden.
Congratulation \Con*grat`u*la"tion\, n. [L. congratulatio: cf.
F. congratulation.]
The act of congratulating; an expression of sympathetic
pleasure.
With infinite congratulations for our safe arrival.
--Dr. J.
Scott.
Congratulator \Con*grat"u*la`tor\, n.
One who offers congratulation. --Milton.
Congratulatory \Con*grat"u*la*to*ry\, a.
Expressive of sympathetic joy; as, a congratulatory letter.
Congree \Con*gree"\, v. i. [Pref. on-+ L. gratus pleasing. Cf.
{Agree}.]
To agree. [bs.] --Shak.
Congreet \Con*greet"\, v. t.
To salute mutually. [Obs.]
Congregate \Con"gre*gate\, a. [L. congregatus, p. p. of
congregare to congregate; on- + gregare to collect into a
flock, fr. grex flock, herd. See {Gregarious}.]
Collected; compact; close. [R.] --Bacon.
Congregate \Con"gre*gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Congregated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Congregating}]
To collect into an assembly or assemblage; to assemble; to
bring into one place, or into a united body; to gather
together; to mass; to compact.
Any multitude of Christian men congregated may be
termed by the name of a church. --Hooker.
Cold congregates all bodies. --Coleridge.
The great receptacle Of congregated waters he called
Seas. --Milton.
Congregate \Con"gre*gate\, v. i.
To come together; to assemble; to meet.
Even there where merchants most do congregate. --Shak.
Congregation \Con`gre*ga"tion\, n. [L. congregatio: cf. F.
congr['e]gation.]
1. The act of congregating, or bringing together, or of
collecting into one aggregate or mass.
The means of reduction in the fire is but by the
congregation of homogeneal parts. --Bacon.
2. A collection or mass of separate things.
A foul and pestilent congregation of vapors. --Shak.
3. An assembly of persons; a gathering; esp. an assembly of
persons met for the worship of God, and for religious
instruction; a body of people who habitually so meet.
He [Bunyan] rode every year to London, and preached
there to large and attentive congregations.
--Macaulay.
4. (Anc. Jewish Hist.) The whole body of the Jewish people;
-- called also {Congregation of the Lord}.
It is a sin offering for the congregation. --Lev.
iv. 21.
5. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) A body of cardinals or other ecclesiastics to whom as
intrusted some department of the church business; as,
the Congregation of the Propaganda, which has charge
of the missions of the Roman Catholic Church.
(b) A company of religious persons forming a subdivision
of a monastic order.
6. The assemblage of Masters and Doctors at Oxford or
Cambrige University, mainly for the granting of degrees.
[Eng.]
7. (Scotch Church Hist.) the name assumed by the Protestant
party under John Knox. The leaders called themselves
(1557) Lords of the Congregation.
Congregational \Con`gre*ga"tion*al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a congregation; conducted, or
participated in, by a congregation; as, congregational
singing.
2. Belonging to the system of Congregationalism, or to
Congregationalist; holding to the faith and polity of
Congregationalism; as, a Congregational church.
Congregationalism \Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ism\, n.
1. That system of church organization which vests all
ecclesiastical power in the assembled brotherhood of each
local church.
2. The faith and polity of the Congregational churches, taken
collectively.
Note: In this sense (which is its usual signification)
Congregationalism is the system of faith and practice
common to a large body of evangelical Trinitarian
churches, which recognize the local brotherhood of each
church as independent of all dictation in
ecclesiastical matters, but are united in fellowship
and joint action, as in councils for mutual advice, and
in consociations, conferences, missionary
organizations, etc., and to whose membership the
designation ``Congregationalists'' is generally
restricted; but Unitarian and other churches are
Congregational in their polity.
Congregationalist \Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ist\, n.
One who belongs to a Congregational church or society; one
who holds to Congregationalism.
Congress \Con"gress\, n.; pl. {Congresses}. [L. congressus, fr.
congredi, p. p. -gressus, to go or come together; con- +
grati to go or step, gradus step: cf. F. congr?s. See
{Grade}.]
1. A meeting of individuals, whether friendly or hostile; an
encounter. [Obs.]
Here Pallas urges on, and Lausus there; Their
congress in the field great Jove withstands.
--Dryden.
2. A sudden encounter; a collision; a shock; -- said of
things. [Obs.]
From these laws may be deduced the rules of the
congresses and reflections of two bodies. --Cheyne.
3. The coming together of a male and female in sexual
commerce; the act of coition. --Pennant.
4. A gathering or assembly; a conference.
5. A formal assembly, as of princes, deputies,
representatives, envoys, or commissioners; esp., a meeting
of the representatives of several governments or societies
to consider and determine matters of common interest.
The European powers strove to . . . accommodate
their differences at the congress of Vienna.
--Alison.
6. The collective body of senators and representatives of the
people of a nation, esp. of a republic, constituting the
chief legislative body of the nation.
Note: In the Congress of the United States (which took the
place of the Federal Congress, March 4, 1789), the
Senate consists of two Senators from each State, chosen
by the State legislature for a term of six years, in
such a way that the terms of one third of the whole
number expire every year; the House of Representatives
consists of members elected by the people of the
several Congressional districts, for a term of two
years, the term of all ending at the same time. The
united body of Senators and Representatives for any
term of two years for which the whole body of
Representatives is chosen is called one Congress. Thus
the session which began in December, 1887, was the
first (or long) session, and that which began in
December, 1888, was the second (or short) session, of
the Fiftieth Congress. When an extra session is had
before the date of the first regular meeting of a
Congress, that is called the first session, and the
following regular session is called the second session.
7. The lower house of the Spanish Cortes, the members of
which are elected for three years.
{The Continental Congress}, an assembly of deputies from the
thirteen British colonies in America, appointed to
deliberate in respect to their common interests. They
first met in 1774, and from time thereafter until near the
close of the Revolution.
{The Federal Congress}, the assembly of representatives of
the original States of the American Union, who met under
the Articles of Confederation from 1781 till 1789.
{Congress boot} or {gaiter}, a high shoe or half-boot, coming
above the ankle, and having the sides made in part of some
elastic material which stretches to allow the boot to be
drawn on and off. [U.S.]
{Congress water}, a saline mineral water from the Congress
spring at Saratoga, in the State of New York.
Syn: Assembly; meeting; convention; convocation; council;
diet; conclave; parliament; legislature.
Congression \Con*gres"sion\ (? or ?), n. [L. congressio.]
A coming or bringing together, as in a public meeting, in a
dispute, in the act of comparing, or in sexual intercourse.
[R.] --Jer. Taylor.
Congressional \Con*gres"sion*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a congress, especially, to the Congress
of the United States; as, congressional debates.
Congressional and official labor. --E. Everett.
{Congressional District}, one of the divisions into which a
State is periodically divided (according to population),
each of which is entitled to elect a Representative to the
Congress of the United States.
Congressive \Con*gres"sive\, a.
Encountering, or coming together. --Sir T. Browne.
Congressman \Con"gress*man\, n.; pl. {Congressmen}.
A member of the Congress of the United States, esp. of the
House of Representatives.
Congreve rocket \Con"greve rock"et\
See under {Rocket}.
Congrue \Con"grue"\, v. i. [L. congruere. See {Congruous}.]
To agree; to be suitable. [Obs.] --Shak.
Congruence \Con"gru*ence\, n. [L. congruentia: cf. OF.
cornguence.]
Suitableness of one thing to another; agreement; consistency.
--Holland.
Congruency \Con"gru*en*cy\ (? or ?), n.
Congruence.
{Congruency of lines}. (Geom.) See {Complex of lines}, under
{Complex}, n.
Congruent \Con"gru*ent\, a. [L. congruens, p. pr. of congruere:
cf. F. congruent.]
Possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding.
The congruent and harmonious fitting of parts in a
sentence. --B. Jonson.
{Congruent figures} (Geom.), concurring figures.
Congruism \Con"gru*ism\, n. [Cf. F. congruisme.] (Scholastic
Theol.)
See {Congruity}.
Congruity \Con*gru"i*ty\ (? or ?), n.; pl. {Congruities}. [Cf.
F. congruit?.]
1. The state or quality of being congruous; the relation or
agreement between things; fitness; harmony;
correspondence; consistency.
With what congruity doth the church of Rome deny
that her enemies do at all appertain to the church
of Christ? --Hooker.
A whole sentence may fail of its congruity by
wanting one particle. --Sir P.
Sidney.
2. (Geom.) Coincidence, as that of lines or figures laid over
one another.
3. (Scholastic Theol.) That, in an imperfectly good persons,
which renders it suitable for God to bestow on him gifts
of grace.
Congruous \Con"gru*ous\, a. [L. congruus, fr. congruere to come
together, to coincide, to agree. Of uncertain origin.]
Suitable or concordant; accordant; fit; harmonious;
correspondent; consistent.
Not congruous to the nature of epic poetry. --Blair.
It is no ways congruous that God should be always
frightening men into an acknowledgment of the truth.
--Atterbury.
Congruously \Con"gru*ous*ly\, adv.
In a congruous manner.
Conhydrine \Con*hy"drine\ (? or ?), n. [Conium + hydrate.]
(Chem.)
A vegetable alkaloid found with conine in the poison hemlock
({Conium maculatum}). It is a white crystalline substance,
{C8H17NO}, easily convertible into conine.
Conia \Co*ni"a\ (? or ?), n. [NL. See {Conium}.] (Chem.)
Same as {Conine}.
Conic \Con"ic\, Conical \Con"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?: cf. F. conique.
See {Cone}.]
1. Having the form of, or resembling, a geometrical cone;
round and tapering to a point, or gradually lessening in
circumference; as, a conic or conical figure; a conical
vessel.
2. Of or pertaining to a cone; as, conic sections.
{Conic section} (Geom.), a curved line formed by the
intersection of the surface of a right cone and a plane.
The conic sections are the parabola, ellipse, and
hyperbola. The right lines and the circle which result
from certain positions of the plane are sometimes, though
not generally included.
{Conic sections}, that branch of geometry which treats of the
parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola.
{Conical pendulum}. See {Pendulum}.
{Conical projection}, a method of delineating the surface of
a sphere upon a plane surface as if projected upon the
surface of a cone; -- much used by makers of maps in
Europe.
{Conical surface} (Geom.), a surface described by a right
line moving along any curve and always passing through a
fixed point that is not in the plane of that curve.
Conic \Con"ic\, n. (Math.)
A conic section.
Conicality \Con`i*cal"i*ty\, n.
Conicalness.
Conically \Con"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In the form of a cone.
Conicalness \Con"ic*al*ness\, n.
State or quality of being conical.
Conico- \Con"i*co-\, a. [See {Conic}.]
A combining form, meaning somewhat resembling a cone; as,
conico-cylindrical, resembling a cone and a cylinder;
conico-hemispherical; conico-subulate.
Conicoid \Con"i*coid\, a. [Conic + -oid.] (Math.)
Same as {Conoidal}.
Conics \Con"ics\, n.
1. That branch of geometry which treats of the cone and the
curves which arise from its sections.
2. Conic sections.
Conidium \Co*nid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Conida}. [NL.] (Bot.)
A peculiar kind of reproductive cell found in certain fungi,
and often containing zo["o]spores.
Conifer \Co"ni*fer\, n. [L. conifer; conus cone + ferre to bear:
cf. F. conif[`e]re.] (Bot.)
A tree or shrub bearing cones; one of the order {Coniferae},
which includes the pine, cypress, and (according to some) the
yew.
Coniferin \Co*nif"er*in\, n. (Chem.)
A glucoside extracted from the cambium layer of coniferous
trees as a white crystalline substance.
Coniferous \Co*nif"er*ous\, a.
(a) Bearing cones, as the pine and cypress.
(b) Pertaining to the order {Coniferae}, of which the pine
tree is the type.
Coniform \Co"ni*form\, a. [Cone + -form: cf. F. coniforme.]
Cone-shaped; conical.
Coniine \Co*ni"ine\ (? or ?), n.
See {Conine}.
Conimene \Co"ni*mene\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Chem.)
Same as {Olibene}.
Conine \Co"nine\ (? or ?), n. [From {Conium}.] (Chem.)
A powerful and very poisonous vegetable alkaloid found in the
hemlock ({Conium maculatum}) and extracted as a colorless
oil, {C8H17N}, of strong repulsive odor and acrid taste. It
is regarded as a derivative of piperidine and likewise of one
of the collidines. It occasions a gradual paralysis of the
motor nerves. Called also {coniine}, {coneine}, {conia}, etc.
See {Conium}, 2.
Coniroster \Co`ni*ros"ter\, n. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Conirostres.
Conirostral \Co`ni*ros"tral\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to the Conirostres.
Conirostres \Co`ni*ros"tres\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. conus cone +
rostrum beak: cf. F. conirostre.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of perching birds, including those which have a
strong conical bill, as the finches.
Conisor \Con`i*sor"\, n. [Obs.]
See {Cognizor}.
Conistra \Co*nis"tra\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? dust.] (Greek
Antiq.)
Originally, a part of the palestra, or gymnasium among the
Greeks; either the place where sand was stored for use in
sprinkling the wrestlers, or the wrestling ground itself.
Hence, a part of the orchestra of the Greek theater.
Conite \Co"nite\, n. [Gr. ? dust: cf. F. conite. So called on
account of its gray color.] (Min.)
A magnesian variety of dolomite.
Conium \Co*ni"um\ (? or ?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? hemlock.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of biennial, poisonous, white-flowered,
umbelliferous plants, bearing ribbed fruit (``seeds'') and
decompound leaves.
2. (Med.) The common hemlock ({Conium maculatum}, poison
hemlock, spotted hemlock, poison parsley), a roadside weed
of Europe, Asia, and America, cultivated in the United
States for medicinal purpose. It is an active poison. The
leaves and fruit are used in medicine.
Conject \Con*ject"\, v. t. [L. conjectus, p. p. of conjicere.
See {Conjecture}, n.]
To throw together, or to throw. [Obs.] --Bp. Montagu.
Conject \Con*ject"\, v. t.
To conjecture; also, to plan. [Obs.]
Conjector \Con*ject"or\, n. [L.]
One who guesses or conjectures. [Obs.]
A great conjector at other men by their writings.
--Milton.
Conjecturable \Con*jec"tur*a*ble\ (?; 135), a.
Capable of being conjectured or guessed.
Conjectural \Con*jec"tur*al\, a. [L. conjecturalis: cf. F.
conjectural.]
Dependent on conjecture; fancied; imagined; guessed at;
undetermined; doubtful.
And mak'st conjectural fears to come into me. --Shak.
A slight expense of conjectural analogy. --Hugh Miller.
Who or what such editor may be, must remain
conjectural. --Carlyle.
Conjecturalist \Con*jec"tur*al*ist\, n.
A conjecturer. [R.] --Month. rev.
Conjecturally \Con*jec`tur*al"ly\, n.
That which depends upon guess; guesswork. [R.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Conjecturally \Con*jec`tur*al*ly\, adv.
In a conjectural manner; by way of conjecture. --Boyle.
Conjecture \Con*jec"ture\ (; 135?), n. [L. conjectura, fr.
conjicere, conjectum, to throw together, infer, conjecture;
con- + jacere to throw: cf. F. conjecturer. See {Jet} a
shooting forth.]
An opinion, or judgment, formed on defective or presumptive
evidence; probable inference; surmise; guess; suspicion.
He [Herodotus] would thus have corrected his first
loose conjecture by a real study of nature. --Whewell.
Conjectures, fancies, built on nothing firm. --Milton.
Conjecture \Con*jec"ture\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conjectured}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Conjecturing}.] [Cf. F. conjecturer. Cf.
{Conject}.]
To arrive at by conjecture; to infer on slight evidence; to
surmise; to guess; to form, at random, opinions concerning.
Human reason can then, at the best, but conjecture what
will be. --South.
Conjecture \Con*jec"ture\, v. i.
To make conjectures; to surmise; to guess; to infer; to form
an opinion; to imagine.
Conjecturer \Con*jec"tur*er\, n.
One who conjectures. --Hobbes.
Conjoin \Con*join\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conjoined}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conjoining}.] [F. conjoindre, fr. L. conjungere,
-junctum; con- + jungere to join. See {Join}, and cf.
{Conjugate}, {Conjunction}.]
To join together; to unite.
The English army, that divided was Into two parties, is
now conjoined in one. --Shak.
If either of you know any inward impediment why you
should not be conjoined. --Shak.
Let that which he learns next be nearly conjoined with
what he knows already. --Locke.
Conjoin \Con*join"\, v. i.
To unite; to join; to league. --Shak.
Conjoined \Con*joined"\, a. (Her.)
Joined together or touching.
Conjoint \Con*joint"\, a. [F. conjoint, p. p. of conjoindre. See
{Conjoin}, and cf. {Conjunct}.]
United; connected; associated. ``Influence conjoint.''
--Glover.
{Conjoint degrees} (Mus.), two notes which follow each other
immediately in the order of the scale, as ut and re.
--Johnson.
{Conjoint tetrachords} (Mus.), two tetrachords or fourths,
where the same note is the highest of one and the lowest
of the other; -- also written {conjunct}.
Conjointly \Con*joint"ly\, adv.
In a conjoint manner; untitedly; jointly; together. --Sir T.
Browne.
Conjointness \Con*joint"ness\, n.
The quality of being conjoint.
Conjubilant \Con*ju"bi*lant\, a.
Shouting together for joy; rejoicing together. [R.] --Neale.
Conjugal \Con"ju*gal\, a. [L. conjugalis, fr. conjux husband,
wife, consort, fr. conjungere to unite, join in marriage. See
{Conjoin}.]
Belonging to marriage; suitable or appropriate to the
marriage state or to married persons; matrimonial; connubial.
``Conjugal affection.'' --Milton.
Conjugality \Con`ju*gal"i*ty\, n.
The conjugal state; sexual intercourse. [R.] --Milton.
Conjugally \Con"ju*gal*ly\, adv.
In a conjugal manner; matrimonially; connubially.
Conjugate \Con"ju*gate\, a. [L. conjugatus, p. p. or conjugare
to unite; con- + jugare to join, yoke, marry, jugum yoke;
akin to jungere to join. See {Join}.]
1. United in pairs; yoked together; coupled.
2. (Bot.) In single pairs; coupled.
3. (Chem.) Containing two or more radicals supposed to act
the part of a single one. [R.]
4. (Gram.) Agreeing in derivation and radical signification;
-- said of words.
5. (Math.) Presenting themselves simultaneously and having
reciprocal properties; -- frequently used in pure and
applied mathematics with reference to two quantities,
points, lines, axes, curves, etc.
{Conjugate axis of a hyperbola} (Math.), the line through the
center of the curve, perpendicular to the line through the
two foci.
{Conjugate diameters} (Conic Sections), two diameters of an
ellipse or hyperbola such that each bisects all chords
drawn parallel to the other.
{Conjugate focus} (Opt.) See under {Focus}.
{Conjugate mirrors} (Optics), two mirrors so placed that rays
from the focus of one are received at the focus of the
other, especially two concave mirrors so placed that rays
proceeding from the principal focus of one and reflected
in a parallel beam are received upon the other and brought
to the principal focus.
{Conjugate point} (Geom.), an acnode. See {Acnode}, and
{Double point}.
{Self-conjugate triangle} (Conic Sections), a triangle each
of whose vertices is the pole of the opposite side with
reference to a conic.
Conjugate \Con`ju*gate\, n. [L. conjugatum a combining,
etymological relationship.]
1. A word agreeing in derivation with another word, and
therefore generally resembling it in signification.
We have learned, in logic, that conjugates are
sometimes in name only, and not in deed. --Abp.
Bramhall.
2. (Chem.) A complex radical supposed to act the part of a
single radical. [R.]
Conjugate \Con"ju*gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conjugated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Conjugating}.]
1. To unite in marriage; to join. [Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
2. (Gram.) To inflect (a verb), or give in order the forms
which it assumed in its several voices, moods, tenses,
numbers, and persons.
Conjugate \Con"ju*gate\, v. i. (Biol.)
To unite in a kind of sexual union, as two or more cells or
individuals among the more simple plants and animals.
Conjugation \Con`ju*ga"tion\, n. [L. conjugatio conjugation (in
senses 1 & 3).]
1. the act of uniting or combining; union; assemblage. [Obs.]
Mixtures and conjugations of atoms. --Bentley.
2. Two things conjoined; a pair; a couple. [Obs.]
The sixth conjugations or pair of nerves. --Sir T.
Browne.
3. (Gram.)
(a) The act of conjugating a verb or giving in order its
various parts and inflections.
(b) A scheme in which are arranged all the parts of a
verb.
(c) A class of verbs conjugated in the same manner.
4. (Biol.) A kind of sexual union; -- applied to a blending
of the contents of two or more cells or individuals in
some plants and lower animals, by which new spores or
germs are developed.
Conjugational \Con`ju*ga"tion*al\, a.
relating to conjugation. --Ellis.
Conjugial \Con*ju"gi*al\, a. [L. conjugialis, fr. conjugium. Cf.
{Conjugal}.]
Conjugal. [R.] --Swedenborg.
Conjugium \Con*ju"gi*um\, n. [L.] (Rom. Law)
The marriage tie.
Conjunct \Con*junct"\, a. [L. conjunctus, p. p. See {Conjoin}.]
1. United; conjoined; concurrent. [Archaic]
2. (Her.) Same as {Conjoined}.
Conjunction \Con*junc"tion\, n. [L. conjunctio: cf. F.
conjunction. See {Conjoin}.]
1. The act of conjoining, or the state of being conjoined,
united, or associated; union; association; league.
He will unite the white rose and the red: Smille
heaven upon his fair conjunction. --Shak.
Man can effect no great matter by his personal
strength but as he acts in society and conjunction
with others. --South.
2. (Astron.) The meeting of two or more stars or planets in
the same degree of the zodiac; as, the conjunction of the
moon with the sun, or of Jupiter and Saturn. See the Note
under {Aspect}, n., 6.
Note: Heavenly bodies are said to be in conjunction when they
are seen in the same part of the heavens, or have the
same longitude or right ascension. The inferior
conjunction of an inferior planet is its position when
in conjunction on the same side of the sun with the
earth; the superior conjunction of a planet is its
position when on the side of the sun most distant from
the earth.
3. (Gram.) A connective or connecting word; an indeclinable
word which serves to join together sentences, clauses of a
sentence, or words; as, and, but, if.
Though all conjunctions conjoin sentences, yet, with
respect to the sense, some are conjunctive and some
disjunctive. --Harris.
Conjunctional \Con*junc"tion*al\, a.
Relating to a conjunction.
Conjunctiva \Con`junc*ti"va\, n. [NL., from L. conjunctivus
connective.] (Anat.)
The mucous membrane which covers the external surface of the
ball of the eye and the inner surface of the lids; the
conjunctival membrane.
Conjunctival \Con`junc*ti"val\, a.
1. Joining; connecting.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the conjunctiva.
Conjunctive \Con*junc"tive\, a. [L. conjunctivus.]
1. Serving to unite; connecting together.
2. Closely united. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Conjunctive mood} (Gram.), the mood which follows a
conjunction or expresses contingency; the subjunctive
mood.
{Conjunctive tissue} (Anat.), the tissue found in nearly all
parts of most animals. It yields gelatin on boiling, and
consists of vriously arranged fibers which are imbedded
protoplasmic cells, or corpuscles; -- called also
{cellular tissue} and {connective tissue}. Adipose or
fatty tissue is one of its many forms, and cartilage and
bone are sometimes included by the phrase.
Conjunctively \Con*junc"tive*ly\, adv.
In conjunction or union; together. --Sir T. Browne.
Conjunctiveness \Con*junc"tive*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being conjunctive. --Johnson.
Conjunctivitis \Con*junc`ti*vi"tis\ (? or ?), n. (Med.)
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Conjunctly \Con*junct"ly\, adv.
In union; conjointly; unitedly; together. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Conjuncture \Con*junc"ture\ (?; 135), n. [Cf. F. conjoncture,
LL. conjunctura.]
1. The act of joining, or state of being joined; union;
connection; combination.
The conjuncture of philosophy and divinity.
--Hobbes.
A fit conjuncture or circumstances. --Addison.
2. A crisis produced by a combination of circumstances;
complication or combination of events or circumstances;
plight resulting from various conditions.
He [Chesterfield] had recently governed Ireland, at
a momentous conjuncture, with eminent firmness,
wisdom, and humanity. --Macaulay.
Conjuration \Con`ju*ra"tion\, n. [L. conjuratio, cf. F.
conjuration.]
1. The act of calling or summoning by a sacred name, or in
solemn manner; the act of binding by an oath; an earnest
entreaty; adjuration.
We charge you, in the name of God, take heed; . . .
Under this conjuration speak, my lord. --Shak.
2. The act or process of invoking supernatural aid by the use
of a magical form of words; the practice of magic arts;
incantation; enchantment.
Pretended conjurations and prophecies of that event.
--Hallam.
3. A league for a criminal purpose; conspiracy. [Obs.] ``The
conjuration of Catiline.'' --Sir T. Elyot.
Conjurator \Con"ju*ra`tor\, n. [LL.] (O. Eng. Law)
One who swears or is sworn with others; one bound by oath
with others; a compurgator. --Burrill.
Conjure \Con*jure"\ (k[o^]n*j[=u]r"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Conjured} (-j[=u]rd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Conjuring}.] [F.
conjurer, fr. L. conjurare to swear together, to conspire;
con- + jurare to swear. See {Jury}.]
To call on or summon by a sacred name or in solemn manner; to
implore earnestly; to adjure.
I conjure you, let him know, Whate'er was done against
him, Cato did it. --Addison.
Conjure \Con*jure"\, v. i.
To combine together by an oath; to conspire; to confederate.
[A Latinism]
Drew after him the third part of Heaven's sons Conjured
against the Highest. --Milton.
Conjure \Con"jure\, v. t.
To affect or effect by conjuration; to call forth or send
away by magic arts; to excite or alter, as if by magic or by
the aid of supernatural powers.
The habitation which your prophet . . . conjured the
devil into. --Shak.
{To conjure up}, or make visible, as a spirit, by magic arts;
hence, to invent; as, to conjure up a story; to conjure up
alarms.
Conjure \Con"jure\, v. i.
To practice magical arts; to use the tricks of a conjurer; to
juggle; to charm.
She conjures; away with her. --Shak.
Conjurement \Con*jure"ment\, n.
Serious injunction; solemn demand or entreaty. [Obs.]
--Milton.
Conjurer \Con*jur"er\, n.
One who conjures; one who calls, entreats, or charges in a
solemn manner.
Conjurer \Con"jur*er\, n.
1. One who practices magic arts; one who pretends to act by
the aid super natural power; also, one who performs feats
of legerdemain or sleight of hand.
Dealing with witches and with conjurers. --Shak.
From the account the loser brings, The conjurer
knows who stole the things. --Prior.
2. One who conjectures shrewdly or judges wisely; a man of
sagacity. [Obs.] --Addison.
Conjuror \Con*ju"ror\, n. (Law)
One bound by a common oath with others. [Obs.]
Conjury \Con"ju*ry\, n.
The practice of magic; enchantment. --Motley.
Conn \Conn\ (k[o^]n), v. t.
See {Con}, to direct a ship.
Connascence \Con*nas"cence\, Connascency \Con*nas"cen*cy\, n.
[L. con- + nascentia birth, fr. nascens, p. pr. of nasci to
be born.]
1. The common birth of two or more at the same tome;
production of two or more together. --Johnson.
2. That which is born or produced with another.
3. The act of growing together. [Obs.] --Wiseman.
Connascent \Con*nas"cent\, a.
Born together; produced at the same time. --Craig.
Connate \Con"nate\ (?; 277), a. [L. connatus; con- + natus born,
p. p. of nasci. See {Cognate}.]
1. Born with another; being of the same birth.
2. Congenital; existing from birth. ``Connate notions.''
--South.
A difference has been made by some; those diseases
or conditions which are dependent on original
conformation being called congenital; while the
diseases of affections that may have supervened
during gestation or delivery are called connate.
--Dunglison.
3. (Bot.) Congenitally united; growing from one base, or
united at their bases; united into one body; as, connate
leaves or athers. See Illust. of {Connate-perfoliate}.
Connate-perfoliate \Con"nate-per*fo"li*ate\, a. (Bot.)
Connate or coalescent at the base so as to produce a broad
foliaceous body through the center of which the stem passes;
-- applied to leaves, as the leaves of the boneset.
Connation \Con*na"tion\, n.
Connection by birth; natural union. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Connatural \Con*nat"u*ral\ (?; 135), a. [Pref. con- + natural.]
1. Connected by nature; united in nature; inborn; inherent;
natural.
These affections are connatural to us. --L'Estrange.
2. Partaking of the same nature.
And mix with our connatural dust. --Milton.
Connaturality \Con*nat`u*ral"i*ty\, n.
Participation of the same nature; natural union or
connection. [R.]
A congruity and connaturality between them. --Sir M.
Hale.
Connaturalize \Con*nat"u*ral*ize\ (?; 135), v. t.
To bring to the same nature as something else; to adapt.
[Obs.] --Dr. J. Scott.
Connaturally \Con*nat"u*ral*ly\, adv.
By the act of nature; originally; from birth. --Sir M. Hale.
Connaturalness \Con*nat"u*ral*ness\, n.
Participation of the same nature; natural union. --I. Walton.
Connature \Con*na"ture\ (?; 135), n.
Participation in a common nature or character. [R.]
Connature was defined as likeness in kind between
either two changes in consciousness, or two states of
consciousness. --H. Spencer.
Connect \Con*nect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Connected}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Connecting}>.] [L. connectere, -nexum; con- + nectere
to bind. See {Annex}.]
1. To join, or fasten together, as by something intervening;
to associate; to combine; to unite or link together; to
establish a bond or relation between.
He fills, he bounds, connects and equals all.
--Pope.
A man must see the connection of each intermediate
idea with those that it connects before he can use
it in a syllogism. --Locke.
2. To associate (a person or thing, or one's self) with
another person, thing, business, or affair.
{Connecting rod} (Mach.), a rod or bar joined to, and
connecting, two or more moving parts; esp. a rod
connecting a crank wrist with a beam, crosshead, piston
rod, or piston, as in a steam engine.
Connect \Con*nect"\, v. i.
To join, unite, or cohere; to have a close relation; as, one
line of railroad connects with another; one argument connect
with another.
Connectedly \Con*nect"ed*ly\, adv.
In a connected manner.
Connection \Con*nec"tion\, n. [Cf. {Connexion}.]
1. The act of connecting, or the state of being connected;
junction; union; alliance; relationship.
He [Algazel] denied the possibility of a known
connection between cause and effect. --Whewell.
The eternal and inserable connection between virtue
and hapiness. --Atterbury.
2. That which connects or joins together; bond; tie.
Any sort of connection which is perceived or
imagined between two or more things. --I. Taylor.
3. A relation; esp. a person connected with another by
marriage rather than by blood; -- used in a loose and
indefinite, and sometimes a comprehensive, sense.
4. The persons or things that are connected; as, a business
connection; the Methodist connection.
Men elevated by powerful connection. --Motley.
At the head of a strong parliamentary connection.
--Macaulay.
Whose names, forces, connections, and characters
were perfectly known to him. --Macaulay.
{In this connection}, in connection with this subject.
Note: [A phrase objected to by some writers.]
Note: This word was formerly written, as by Milton, with x
instead of t in the termination, connexion, and the
same thing is true of the kindred words inflexion,
reflexion, and the like. But the general usage at
present is to spell them connection, inflection,
reflection, etc.
Syn: Union; coherence; continuity; junction; association;
dependence; intercourse; commerce; communication;
affinity; relationship.
Connective \Con*nect"ive\, a.
Connecting, or adapted to connect; involving connection.
{Connection tissue} (Anat.) See {Conjunctive tissue}, under
{Conjunctive}.
Connective \Con*nect"ive\, n.
That which connects. Specifically:
(a) (Gram.) A word that connect words or sentences; a
conjunction or preposition.
(b) (Bot.) That part of an anther which connects its
thec[ae], lobes, or cells.
Connectively \Con*nect"ive*ly\, adv.
In connjunction; jointly.
Connector \Con*nect"or\, n.
One who, or that which, connects; as:
(a) A flexible tube for connecting the ends of glass tubes in
pneumatic experiments.
(b) A device for holding two parts of an electrical conductor
in contact.
Conner \Con"ner\, n. [Cf. {Cunner}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A marine European fish ({Crenilabrus melops}); also, the
related American cunner. See {Cunner}.
Connex \Con*nex"\, v. t. [L. connexus, p. p. See {Connect}.]
To connect. --Sir M. Hale.
Connexion \Con*nex"ion\, n. [L. connexio: cf. F. connexion.]
Connection. See {Connection}.
Connexive \Con*nex"ive\, a.
See {Connective}.
Conning tower \Con"ning tow"er\, n.
The shot-proof pilot house of a war vessel.
Connivance \Con*niv"ance\, n. [Cf. F. connivence, L.
conniventia.]
1. Intentional failure or forbearance to discover a fault or
wrongdoing; voluntary oversight; passive consent or
co["o]peration.
2. (Law) Corrupt or guilty assent to wrongdoing, not
involving actual participation in, but knowledge of, and
failure to prevent or oppose it.
Syn: See {Collusion}.
Connive \Con*nive"\ (k[o^]n*n[imac]v"), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Connived} (-n[imac]vd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Conniving}.] [L.
connivere to shut the eyes, connive, fr. con- + (perh.) a
word akin to nicere to beckon, nictare to wink.]
1. To open and close the eyes rapidly; to wink. [Obs.]
The artist is to teach them how to nod judiciously,
and to connive with either eye. --Spectator.
2. To close the eyes upon a fault; to wink (at); to fail or
forbear by intention to discover an act; to permit a
proceeding, as if not aware of it; -- usually followed by
at.
To connive at what it does not approve. --Jer.
Taylor.
In many of these, the directors were heartily
concurring; in most of them, they were encouraging,
and sometimes commanding; in all they were
conniving. --Burke.
The government thought it expedient, occasionally,
to connive at the violation of this rule.
--Macaulay.
Connive \Con*nive"\, v. t.
To shut the eyes to; to overlook; to pretend not to see. [R.
& Obs.] ``Divorces were not connived only, but with eye open
allowed.'' --Milton.
Connivency \Con*niv"en*cy\, n.
Connivance. [Obs.]
Connivent \Con*niv"ent\, a. [L. connivens, p. pr.]
1. Forbearing to see; designedly inattentive; as, connivent
justice. [R.] --Milton.
2. (Biol.) Brought close together; arched inward so that the
points meet; converging; in close contact; as, the
connivent petals of a flower, wings of an insect, or folds
of membrane in the human system, etc.
Conniver \Con*niv"er\, n.
One who connives.
Connoisseur \Con`nois*seur"\ (?; 277), n. [F. connaisseur,
formerly connoisseur, fr. conna[^i]tre to know, fr. L.
cognoscere to become acquainted with; co- + noscere,
gnoscere, to learn to know. See {Know}, {amd cf}.
{Cognizor}.]
One well versed in any subject; a skillful or knowing person;
a critical judge of any art, particulary of one of the fine
arts.
The connoisseur is ``one who knows,'' as opposed to the
dilettant, who only ``thinks he knows.'' --Fairholt.
Connoisseurship \Con`nois*seur"ship\ (?; 277), n.
State of being a connoisseur.
Connotate \Con"no*tate\, v. t. [L. con- + notatus, p. p.of
notare to mark. Cf. {Connote}.]
To connote; to suggest or designate (something) as
additional; to include; to imply. --Hammond.
Connotation \Con`no*ta"tion\, n. [Cf. F. connotation.]
The act of connoting; a making known or designating something
additional; implication of something more than is asserted.
Connotative \Con*no"ta*tive\ (? or ?), a.
1. Implying something additional; illative.
2. (Log.) Implying an attribute. See {Connote}.
{Connotative term}, one which denotes a subject and implies
an attribute. --J. S. Mill.
Connotatively \Con*no"ta*tive*ly\, adv.
In a connotative manner; expressing connotation.
Connote \Con*note"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Connoted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Connoting}.] [See {Connotate}, and {Note}.]
1. To mark along with; to suggest or indicate as additional;
to designate by implication; to include in the meaning; to
imply.
Good, in the general notion of it, connotes also a
certain suitableness of it to some other thing.
--South.
2. (Logic) To imply as an attribute.
The word ``white'' denotes all white things, as
snow, paper, the foam of the sea, etc., and ipmlies,
or as it was termed by the schoolmen, connotes, the
attribute ``whiteness.'' --J. S. Mill.
Connubial \Con*nu"bi*al\, a. [L. connubialis, fr. connubium
marriage; con- + nubere to veil, to marry. See {Nupital}.]
Of or pertaining to marriage, or the marriage state;
conjugal; nuptial.
Nor Eve the rites Mysterious of connubial love refused.
--Milton.
Kind, connubial tenderness. --Goldsmith.
Connubiality \Con*nu`bi*al"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being connubial; something characteristics of
the conjugal state; an expression of connubial tenderness.
Some connubialities which had begun to pass between Mr.
and Mrs. B. --Dickens.
Connumeration \Con*nu`mer*a"tion\, n. [LL. connumeratio, fr. L.
connumerare, -numeratum, to number with.]
A reckoning together. [R.] --Porson.
Connusance \Con"nu*sance\, n. (Law)
See {Cognizance}. [Obs.]
Connusant \Con"nu*sant\, a. (Law)
See {Cognizant}. [Obs.]
Connusor \Con`nu*sor"\, n. (Law)
See {Cognizor}. [Obs.]
Connutritious \Con`nu*tri"tious\, a.
Nutritious by force of habit; -- said of certain kinds of
food. [Obs.] --Crabb.
Conny \Con"ny\, a. [? 45. Cf. {Canny}, {Gunning}.]
Brave; fine; canny. [Prov. Eng.] --Grose.
Conodont \Co"no*dont\, n. [Gr. ? cone + ?, ?, tooth.] (Zo["o]l.)
A peculiar toothlike fossil of many forms, found especially
in carboniferous rocks. Such fossils are supposed by some to
be the teeth of marsipobranch fishes, but they are probably
the jaws of annelids.
Conoid \Co"noid\, n. [Gr. ? conical; ? cone + ? from: cf. F.
cono["i]de.]
1. Anything that has a form resembling that of a cone.
2. (Geom.)
(a) A solid formed by the revolution of a conic section
about its axis; as, a parabolic conoid, elliptic
conoid, etc.; -- more commonly called {paraboloid},
{ellipsoid}, etc.
(b) A surface which may be generated by a straight line
moving in such a manner as always to meet a given
straight line and a given curve, and continue parallel
to a given plane. --Math. Dict.
Conoid \Co"noid\ a.
Resembling a cone; conoidal.
Conoidal \Co*noid"al\, a. [Cf. F. cono["i]dal.]
Nearly, but not exactly, conical. --Lindley.
Conoidic \Co*noid"ic\, Conoidical \Co*noid"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to a conoid; having the form of a conoid.
Conominee \Co*nom`i*nee"\, n.
One nominated in conjunction with another; a joint nominee.
--Kirby.
Conquadrate \Con*quad"rate\, v. t. [L. conquadratus, p. p. of
conquadrare.]
To bring into a square. [R.] --Ash.
Conquassate \Con*quas"sate\, v. t. [L. conquassatus, p. p. of
conquassare.]
To shake; to agitate. [Obs.] --Harvey. -- {Con`quas*sa"tion},
n. [Obs.]
Conquer \Con"quer\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conquered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conquering}.] [OF. conquerre, F. conqu['e]rir, fr. L.
conquirere, -quisitum, to seek or search for, to bring
together, LL., to conquer; con- + quaerere to seek. See
{Quest}.]
1. To gain or acquire by force; to take possession of by
violent means; to gain dominion over; to subdue by
physical means; to reduce; to overcome by force of arms;
to cause to yield; to vanquish. ``If thou conquer Rome.''
--Shak.
If we be conquer'd, let men conquer us. --Shak.
We conquered France, but felt our captive's charms.
--Pope.
2. To subdue or overcome by mental or moral power; to
surmount; as, to conquer difficulties, temptation, etc.
By winning words to conquer hearts, And make
persuasion do the work of fear. --Milton.
3. To gain or obtain, overcoming obstacles in the way; to
win; as, to conquer freedom; to conquer a peace.
Syn: To subdue; vanquish; overcome; overpower; overthrow;
defeat; rout; discomfit; subjugate; reduce; humble;
crush; surmount; subject; master.
Usage: {To Conquer}, {Vanquish}, {Subdue}, {Subjugate},
{Overcome}. These words agree in the general idea
expressed by overcome, -- that of bringing under one's
power by the exertion of force. Conquer is wider and
more general than vanquish, denoting usually a
succession of conflicts. Vanquish is more individual,
and refers usually to a single conflict. Thus,
Alexander conquered Asia in a succession of battles,
and vanquished Darius in one decisive engagement.
Subdue implies a more gradual and continual pressure,
but a surer and more final subjection. We speak of a
nation as subdued when its spirit is at last broken,
so that no further resistance is offered. Subjugate is
to bring completely under the yoke of bondage. The
ancient Gauls were never finally subdued by the Romans
until they were completely subjugated. These words,
when used figuratively, have correspondent meanings.
We conquer our prejudices or aversions by a succesion
of conflicts; but we sometimes vanquish our reluctance
to duty by one decided effort: we endeavor to subdue
our evil propensities by watchful and persevering
exertions. Subjugate is more commonly taken in its
primary meaning, and when used figuratively has
generally a bad sense; as, his reason was completely
subjugated to the sway of his passions.
Conquer \Con"quer\, v. i.
To gain the victory; to overcome; to prevail.
He went forth conquering and to conquer. --Rev. vi. 2.
The champions resolved to conquer or to die. --Waller.
Conquerable \Con*quer*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being conquered or subdued. --South. --
{Con"quer*a*ble*ness}, n.
Conqueress \Con"quer*ess\, n.
A woman who conquers. --Fairfax.
Conqueror \Con"quer*or\, n. [OF. conquereor, fr. conquerre,]
One who conquers.
{The Conqueror} (Eng. Hist.). William the Norman (1027-1067)
who invaded England, defeated Harold in the battle of
Hastings, and was crowned king, in 1066.
Conquest \Con"quest\, n. [OF. conquest, conqueste, F.
conqu[^e]te, LL. conquistum, conquista, prop. p. p. from L.
conquirere. See {Conquer}.]
1. The act or process of conquering, or acquiring by force;
the act of overcoming or subduing opposition by force,
whether physical or moral; subjection; subjugation;
victory.
In joys of conquest he resigns his breath.
--Addison.
Three years sufficed for the conquest of the
country. --Prescott.
2. That which is conquered; possession gained by force,
physical or moral.
Wherefore rejoice? What conquest brings he home?
--Shak.
3. (Feudal Law) The acquiring of property by other means than
by inheritance; acquisition. --Blackstone.
4. The act of gaining or regaining by successful struggle;
as, the conquest of liberty or peace.
{The Conquest} (Eng. Hist.), the subjugation of England by
William of Normandy in 1066.
Syn: Victory; triumph; mastery; reduction; subjugation;
subjection.
Consanguineal \Con`san*guin"e*al\, a.
Of the same blood; related by birth. --Sir T. Browne.
Consanguined \Con*san"guined\, a.
Of kin blood; related. [R.] --Johnson.
Consanguineous \Con`san*guin"e*ous\, a. [L. conguineus; con- +
sanguis blood: cf. F. consanguin. See {Sanquine}.]
Of the same blood; related by birth; descended from the same
parent or ancestor. --Shak.
Consanguinity \Con`san*guin"i*ty\, n. [L. consanguinitas: cf. F.
consanguintit['e].]
The relation of persons by blood, in distinction from
affinity or relation by marriage; blood relationship; as,
lineal consanguinity; collateral consanguinity.
Invoking aid by the ties of consanguinity. --Prescott.
Consarcination \Con*sar`ci*na"tion\, n. [L. consarcinare,
-natum, to patch together.]
A patching together; patchwork. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Conscience \Con"science\, n. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia,
fr. consciens, p. pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious;
con- + scire to know. See {Science}.]
1. Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness.
[Obs.]
The sweetest cordial we receive, at last, Is
conscience of our virtuous actions past. --Denham.
2. The faculty, power, or inward principle which decides as
to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and
affections, warning against and condemning that which is
wrong, and approving and prompting to that which is right;
the moral faculty passing judgment on one's self; the
moral sense.
My conscience hath a thousand several tongues, And
every tongue brings in a several tale, And every
tale condemns me for a villain. --Shak.
As science means knowledge, conscience
etymologically means self-knowledge . . . But the
English word implies a moral standard of action in
the mind as well as a consciousness of our own
actions. . . . Conscience is the reason, employed
about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied
with the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.
--Whewell.
3. The estimate or determination of conscience; conviction or
right or duty.
Conscience supposes the existence of some such
[i.e., moral] faculty, and properly signifies our
consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary
to its directions. --Adam Smith.
4. Tenderness of feeling; pity. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{Conscience clause}, a clause in a general law exempting
persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance
therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering
military service, etc.
{Conscience money}, stolen or wrongfully acquired money that
is voluntarily restored to the rightful possessor. Such
money paid into the United States treasury by unknown
debtors is called the Conscience fund.
{Court of Conscience}, a court established for the recovery
of small debts, in London and other trading cities and
districts. [Eng.] --Blackstone.
{In conscience}, {In all conscience}, in deference or
obedience to conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably.
``This is enough in conscience.'' --Howell. ``Half a dozen
fools are, in all conscience, as many as you should
require.'' --Swift.
{To make conscience of}, {To make a matter of conscience}, to
act according to the dictates of conscience concerning
(any matter), or to scruple to act contrary to its
dictates.
Conscienced \Con"scienced\, a.
Having a conscience. [R.] ``Soft-conscienced men.'' --Shak.
Conscienceless \Con"science*less\, a.
Without conscience; indifferent to conscience; unscrupulous.
Conscienceless and wicked patrons. --Hookre.
Conscient \Con"scient\, a. [L. consciens, -entis, p. pr.]
Conscious. [R.] --Bacon.
Conscientious \Con`sci*en"tious\, a. [Cf. F. consciencieux, LL.
conscientiosus.]
1. Influenced by conscience; governed by a strict regard to
the dictates of conscience, or by the known or supposed
rules of right and wrong; -- said of a person.
The advice of wise and conscientious men.
--Prescott.
2. Characterized by a regard to conscience; conformed to the
dictates of conscience; -- said of actions.
A holy and conscientious course. --Abp.
Tillotson.
Syn: Scrupulous; exact; faithful; just; upright.
Conscientiously \Con`sci*en"tious*ly\, adv.
In a conscientious manner; as a matter of conscience; hence;
faithfully; accurately; completely.
Conscientiousness \Con`sci*en"tious*ness\, n.
The quality of being conscientious; a scrupulous regard to
the dictates of conscience.
Conscionable \Con"scion*a*ble\, a. [Irregularly formed fr.
conscience.]
Governed by, or according to, conscience; reasonable; just.
Let my debtors have conscionable satisfaction. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Conscionableness \Con"scion*a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being conscionable; reasonableness. --Johnson.
Conscionably \Con"scion*a*bly\, adv.
Reasonably; justly.
Conscious \Con"scious\, a. [L. conscius; con- + scire to know.
See {Conscience}.]
1. Possessing the faculty of knowing one's own thoughts or
mental operations.
Some are thinking or conscious beings, or have a
power of thought. --I. Watts.
2. Possessing knowledge, whether by internal, conscious
experience or by external observation; cognizant; aware;
sensible.
Her conscious heart imputed suspicion where none
could have been felt. --Hawthorne.
The man who breathes most healthilly is least
conscious of his own breathing. --De Quincey.
3. Made the object of consciousness; known to one's self; as,
conscious guilt.
With conscious terrors vex me round. --Milton.
Syn: Aware; apprised; sensible; felt; known.
Consciously \Con"scious*ly\, adv.
In a conscious manner; with knowledge of one's own mental
operations or actions.
Consciousness \Con"scious*ness\, n.
1. The state of being conscious; knowledge of one's own
existence, condition, sensations, mental operations, acts,
etc.
Consciousness is thus, on the one hand, the
recognition by the mind or ``ego'' of its acts and
affections; -- in other words, the self-affirmation
that certain modifications are known by me, and that
these modifications are mine. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. Immediate knowledge or perception of the presence of any
object, state, or sensation. See the Note under
{Attention}.
Annihilate the consciousness of the object, you
annihilate the consciousness of the operation. --Sir
W. Hamilton.
And, when the steam Which overflowed the soul had
passed away, A consciousness remained that it had
left. . . . images and precious thoughts That shall
not die, and can not be destroyed. --Wordsworth.
The consciousness of wrong brought with it the
consciousness of weakness. --Froude.
3. Feeling, persuasion, or expectation; esp., inward sense of
guilt or innocence. [R.]
An honest mind is not in the power of a dishonest:
to break its peace there must be some guilt or
consciousness. --Pope.
Conscribe \Con*scribe"\, v. t. [L. conscribere. See
{Conscript}.]
To enroll; to enlist. [Obs.] --E. Hall.
Conscript \Con"script\, a. [L. conscriptus, p. p. of conscribere
to write together, to enroll; con- + scribere to write. See
{Scribe}.]
Enrolled; written; registered.
{Conscript fathers} (Rom. Antiq.), the senators of ancient
Rome. When certain new senators were first enrolled with
the ``fathers'' the body was called Patres et Conscripti;
afterward all were called Patres conscripti.
Conscript \Con"script\, n.
One taken by lot, or compulsorily enrolled, to serve as a
soldier or sailor.
Conscript \Con*script"\, v. t.
To enroll, by compulsion, for military service.
Conscription \Con*scrip"tion\, n. [L. conscriptio: cf. F.
conscription.]
1. An enrolling or registering.
The conscription of men of war. --Bp. Burnet.
2. A compulsory enrollment of men for military or naval
service; a draft.
Conscription \Con*scrip"tion\, a.
Belonging to, or of the nature of, a conspiration.
Consecrate \Con"se*crate\, a. [L. consceratus, p. p. of
conscerare to conscerate; con- + sacrare to consecrate, sacer
sacred. See {Sacred}.]
Consecrated; devoted; dedicated; sacred.
They were assembled in that consecrate place. --Bacon.
Consecrate \Con"se*crate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Consecrated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Consecrating}.]
1. To make, or declare to be, sacred; to appropriate to
sacred uses; to set apart, dedicate, or devote, to the
service or worship of God; as, to consecrate a church; to
give (one's self) unreservedly, as to the service of God.
One day in the week is . . . consecrated to a holy
rest. --Sharp.
2. To set apart to a sacred office; as, to consecrate a
bishop.
Thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons. --Ex.
xxix. 9.
3. To canonize; to exalt to the rank of a saint; to enroll
among the gods, as a Roman emperor.
4. To render venerable or revered; to hallow; to dignify; as,
rules or principles consecrated by time. --Burke.
Syn: See {Addict}.
Consecrater \Con"se*cra`ter\, n.
Consecrator.
Consecration \Con`se*cra"tion\, n. [L. consecratio: cf. F.
cons['e]cration.]
The act or ceremony of consecrating; the state of being
consecrated; dedication.
Until the days of your consecration be at an end.
--Lev. viii.
33.
Consecration makes not a place sacred, but only solemny
declares it so. --South.
Consecrator \Con"se*cra`tor\, n. [L.]
One who consecrates; one who performs the rites by which a
person or thing is devoted or dedicated to sacred purposes.
[Written also {consecrater}.]
Consecratory \Con"se*cra*to*ry\ (? or ?), a.
Of or pertaining to the act of consecration; dedicatory.
The consecratory prayer. --Bp. Burnet.
Consectaneous \Con`sec*ta"ne*ous\, a. [L. consectaneus.]
Following as a matter of course. --Blount.
Consectary \Con"sec*ta*ry\, a. [L. consectarius, fr. consectari
to follow after eagerly; con- + sectari to follow eagerly,
fr. sequi to follow.]
Following by consequence; consequent; deducible. [R.]
``Consectary impieties.'' --Sir T. Browne.
Consectary \Con"sec*ta*ry\, n.
That which follows by consequence or is logically deducible;
deduction from premises; corollary. [R.] --Milton.
Consecute \Con"se*cute\, v. t.
To follow closely; to endeavor to overtake; to pursue. [Obs.]
--Bp. Burnet.
Consecution \Con`se*cu"tion\, n. [L. consecutio. See
{Consequent}.]
1. A following, or sequel; actual or logical dependence.
--Sir M. Hale.
2. A succession or series of any kind. [Obs.] --Sir I.
Newton.
{Month of consecution} (Astron.), a month as reckoned from
one conjunction of the moon with the sun to another.
Consecutive \Con*sec"u*tive\, a. [Cf. F. cons['e]cutif. See
{Consequent}.]
1. Following in a train; succeeding one another in a regular
order; successive; uninterrupted in course or succession;
with no interval or break; as, fifty consecutive years.
2. Following as a consequence or result; actually or
logically dependent; consequential; succeeding.
The actions of a man consecutive to volition.
--Locke.
3. (Mus.) Having similarity of sequence; -- said of certain
parallel progressions of two parts in a piece of harmony;
as, consecutive fifths, or consecutive octaves, which are
forbidden.
{Consecutive chords} (Mus.), chords of the same kind
succeeding one another without interruption.
Consecutively \Con*sec"u*tive*ly\, adv.
In a consecutive manner; by way of sequence; successively.
Consecutiveness \Con*sec"u*tive*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being consecutive.
Consension \Con*sen"sion\, n. [L. consensio.]
Agreement; accord. --Bentley.
Consensual \Con*sen"su*al\, a. [See {Consent}, v. i., and cf.
{Sensual}.]
1. (Law) Existing, or made, by the mutual consent of two or
more parties.
2. (Physiol.) Excited or caused by sensation, sympathy, or
reflex action, and not by conscious volition; as,
consensual motions.
{Consensual contract} (Law), a contract formed merely by
consent, as a marriage contract.
Consensus \Con*sen"sus\, n. [L. See {Consent}.]
Agreement; accord; consent.
That traditional consensus of society which we call
public opinion. --Tylor.
Consent \Con*sent"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Consented}; p. pr. &
vb. n {Consenting}.] [F. consentir, fr. L. consentire,
-sensum, to feel together, agree; con- + sentire to feel. See
Sense.]
1. To agree in opinion or sentiment; to be of the same mind;
to accord; to concur.
And Saul was consenting unto his death. --Acts.
viii. 1.
Flourishing many years before Wyclif, and much
consenting with him in jugdment. --Fuller.
2. To indicate or express a willingness; to yield to
guidance, persuasion, or necessity; to give assent or
approval; to comply.
My poverty, but not my will, consents. --Shak.
And whispering ``I will ne'er consent,'' --
consented. --Byron.
Syn: To accede; yield; assent; comply; agree; allow; concede;
permit; admit; concur; acquiesce.
Consent \Con*sent"\, v. t.
To grant; to allow; to assent to; to admit. [Obs.]
Interpreters . . . will not consent it to be a true
story. --Milton.
Consent \Con*sent"\, n. [Cf. OF. consent.]
1. Agreement in opinion or sentiment; the being of one mind;
accord.
All with one consent began to make exuse. --Luke
xiv. 18.
They feil together all, as by consent. --Shak.
2. Correspondence in parts, qualities, or operations;
agreement; harmony; coherence.
The melodious consent of the birds. --Holland.
Such is the world's great harmony that springs From
union, order, full consent of things. --Pope.
3. Voluntary accordance with, or concurrence in, what is done
or proposed by another; acquiescence; compliance;
approval; permission.
Thou wert possessed of David's throne By free
consent of all. --Milton.
4. (Law) Capable, deliberate, and voluntary assent or
agreement to, or concurrence in, some act or purpose,
implying physical and mental power and free action.
5. (Physiol.) Sympathy. See {Sympathy}, 4.
Syn: Assent; acquiescence; concurrence; agreement; approval;
permission. See {Assent}.
{Age of consent} (Law), an age, fixed by statute and varying
in different jurisdictions, at which one is competent to
give consent. Sexual intercourse with a female child under
the age of consent is punishable as rape.
Consentaneity \Con*sen`ta*ne"i*ty\, n.
Mutual agreement. [R.]
Consentaneous \Con`sen*ta"ne*ous\, a. [L. consentaneus.]
Consistent; agreeable; suitable; accordant to; harmonious;
concurrent.
A good law and consentaneous to reason. --Howell.
-- {Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ness},
n.
Consentant \Con*sent"ant\, a. [F., p. pr. of consentir.]
Consenting. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Consenter \Con*sent"er\, a.
One who consents.
Consentient \Con*sen"tient\, a. [L. consentients, p. pr. See
{Consent}.]
Agreeing in mind; accordant.
The consentient judgment of the church. --Bp. Pearson.
Consentingly \Con*sent"ing*ly\, adv.
With consent; in a compliant manner. --Jer. Taylor.
Consequence \Con"se*quence\, n. [L., consequentia: cf. F.
cons['e]quence. See {Consequent}.]
1. That which follows something on which it depends; that
which is produced by a cause; a result.
Shun to taste, And shun the bitter consequence.
--Milton.
2. (Logic) A proposition collected from the agreement of
other previous propositions; any conclusion which results
from reason or argument; inference.
3. Chain of causes and effects; consecution.
Such fatal consequence unites us three. --Milton.
Link follows link by necessary consequence.
--Coleridge.
4. Importance with respect to what comes after; power to
influence or produce an effect; value; moment; rank;
distinction.
It is a matter of small consequence. --Shak.
A sense of your own worth and consequence. --Cowper.
{In consequence}, hence; for this cause.
{In consequence of}, by reason of; as the effect of.
Syn: Effect; result; end. See {Effect}.
Consequencing \Con"se*quen`cing\, n.
Drawing inference. [R.] --Milton.
Consequent \Con"se*quent\, a. [L. consequens, -entis, p. pr. of
consequi to follow; con- + sequi to follow: cf. F.
cons['e]quent. See {Second}, and cf. {Consecution}.]
1. Following as a result, inference, or natural effect.
The right was consequent to, and built on, an act
perfectly personal. --Locke.
2. (Logic) Following by necessary inference or rational
deduction; as, a proposition consequent to other
propositions.
{Consequent points}, {Consequent poles} (Magnetism), a number
of poles distributed under certain conditions, along the
axis of a magnetized steel bar, which regularly has but
the two poles at the extremities.
Consequent \Con"se*quent\, n.
1. That which follows, or results from, a cause; a result or
natural effect.
They were ill-governed, which is always a consequent
of ill payment. --Sir J.
Davies.
2. (Logic) That which follows from propositions by rational
deduction; that which is deduced from reasoning or
argumentation; a conclusion, or inference.
3. (Math.) The second term of a ratio, as the term b in the
ratio a:b, the first a, being the antecedent.
Consequential \Con`se*quen"tial\, a.
1. Following as a consequence, result, or logical inference;
consequent.
All that is revealed in Scripture has a
consequential necessity of being believed . . .
because it is of divine authority. --Locke.
These kind of arguments . . . are highly
consequential and concludent to my purpose. --Sir M.
Hale.
2. Assuming or exhibiting an air of consequence; pretending
to importance; pompous; self-important; as, a
consequential man. See {Consequence}, n., 4.
His stately and consequential pace. --Sir W.
Scott.
{Consequential damage} (Law)
(a) Damage so remote as not to be actionable
(b) Damage which although remote is actionable.
(c) Actionable damage, but not following as an immediate
result of an act.
Consequentially \Con`se*quen"tial*ly\, adv.
1. With just deduction of consequence; with right connection
of ideas; logically.
The faculty of writing consequentially. --Addison.
2. By remote consequence; not immediately; eventually; as, to
do a thing consequentially. --South.
3. In a regular series; in the order of cause and effect;
with logical concatenation; consecutively; continuously.
4. With assumed importance; pompously.
Consequentialness \Con`se*quen"tial*ness\, n.
The quality of being consequential.
Consequently \Con"se*quent*ly\, adv.
By consequence; by natural or logical sequence or connection.
Syn: See {Accordingly}.
Consertion \Con*ser"tion\, n. [L. consertio, fr. conserere,
-sertum to connect; con- + serere to join.]
Junction; adaptation [R.]
Consertion of design, how exquisite. --Young.
Conservable \Con*serv"a*ble\, a. [L. conservabilitis.]
Capable of being preserved from decay or injury.
Conservancy \Con*serv"an*cy\, n.
Conservation, as from injury, defilement, or irregular use.
[An act was] passed in 1866, for vesting in the
Conservators of the River Thames the conservancy of the
Thames and Isis. --Mozley & W.
Conservant \Con*serv"ant\, a. [L. conservans, p. pr.]
Having the power or quality of conservation.
Conservation \Con`ser*va"tion\, n. [L. conservatio: cf. F.
conservation.]
The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping
(of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation.
A step necessary for the conservation of Protestantism.
--Hallam.
A state without the means of some change is without the
means of its conservation. --Burke.
{Conservation of areas} (Astron.), the principle that the
radius vector drawn from a planet to the sun sweeps over
equal areas in equal times.
{Conservation of energy}, or {Conservation of force} (Mech.),
the principle that the total energy of any material system
is a quantity which can neither be increased nor
diminished by any action between the parts of the system,
though it may be transformed into any of the forms of
which energy is susceptible. --Clerk Maxwell.
Conservational \Con`ser*va"tion*al\, a.
Tending to conserve; preservative.
Conservatism \Con*serv"a*tism\, n. [For conservatism.]
The disposition and tendency to preserve what is established;
opposition to change; the habit of mind; or conduct, of a
conservative.
Conservative \Con*serv"a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. conservatif.]
1. Having power to preserve in a safe of entire state, or
from loss, waste, or injury; preservative.
2. Tending or disposed to maintain existing institutions;
opposed to change or innovation.
3. Of or pertaining to a political party which favors the
conservation of existing institutions and forms of
government, as the Conservative party in England; --
contradistinguished from {Liberal} and {Radical}.
We have always been conscientiously attached to what
is called the Tory, and which might with more
propriety be called the Conservative, party.
--Quart. Rev.
(1830).
{Conservative system} (Mech.), a material system of such a
nature that after the system has undergone any series of
changes, and been brought back in any manner to its
original state, the whole work done by external agents on
the system is equal to the whole work done by the system
overcoming external forces. --Clerk
Maxwell.
Conservative \Con*serv"a*tive\, n.
1. One who, or that which, preserves from ruin, injury,
innovation, or radical change; a preserver; a conserver.
The Holy Spirit is the great conservative of the new
life. --Jer. Taylor.
2. One who desires to maintain existing institutions and
customs; also, one who holds moderate opinions in
politics; -- opposed to revolutionary or radical.
3. (Eng. Hist.) A member of the Conservative party.
Conservativeness \Con*serv"a*tive*ness\, a.
The quality of being conservative.
Conservatoire \Con`ser"va*toire`\, n. [F.]
A public place of instruction in any special branch, esp.
music and the arts. [See {Conservatory}, 3].
Conservator \Con"ser*va`tor\ (?; 277), n. [L.: cf. F.
conservateur.]
1. One who preserves from injury or violation; a protector; a
preserver.
The great Creator and Conservator of the world.
--Derham.
2. (Law)
(a) An officer who has charge of preserving the public
peace, as a justice or sheriff.
(b) One who has an official charge of preserving the
rights and privileges of a city, corporation,
community, or estate.
The lords of the secret council were likewise
made conservators of the peace of the two
kingdoms. --Clarendon.
The conservator of the estate of an idiot.
--Bouvier.
{Conservators of the River Thames}, a board of commissioners
instituted by Parliament to have the conservancy of the
Thames.
Conservatory \Con*serv"a*to*ry\, a. [Cf. F. conservatoire, LL.
conservatorius.]
Having the quality of preserving from loss, decay, or injury.
Conservatory \Con*serv"a*to*ry\, n. [Cf. F. conservatoire, LL.
conservatorium.]
1. That which preserves from injury. [Obs.] ``A conservatory
of life.'' --Jer. Taylor.
2. A place for preserving anything from loss, decay, waste,
or injury; particulary, a greenhouse for preserving exotic
or tender plants.
3. A public place of instruction, designed to preserve and
perfect the knowledge of some branch of science or art,
esp. music.
Conservatrix \Con`ser*va"trix\, n. [L.]
A woman who preserves from loss, injury, etc.
Conserve \Con*serve"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conserved}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conserving}.] [F. conserver, L. conservare; con- +
servare to keep, guard. See {Serve}.]
1. To keep in a safe or sound state; to save; to preserve; to
protect.
The amity which . . . they meant to conserve and
maintain with the emperor. --Strype.
2. To prepare with sugar, etc., for the purpose of
preservation, as fruits, etc.; to make a conserve of.
Conserve \Con"serve\, n. [F. conserve, fr. conserver.]
1. Anything which is conserved; especially, a sweetmeat
prepared with sugar; a confection.
I shall . . . study broths, plasters, and conserves,
till from a fine lady I become a notable woman.
--Tatler.
2. (Med.) A medicinal confection made of freshly gathered
vegetable substances mixed with finely powdered refined
sugar. See {Confection}.
3. A conservatory. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
Conserver \Con*serv"er\, n.
One who conserves.
Consider \Con*sid"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Considered}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Considering}.] [F. consid['e]rer, L. considerare,
-sideratum, to consider, view attentively, prob. fr. con- +
sidus, sideris, star, constellation; orig., therefore, to
look at the stars. See {Sidereal}, and cf. {Desire}.]
1. To fix the mind on, with a view to a careful examination;
to think on with care; to ponder; to study; to meditate
on.
I will consider thy testimonies. --Ps. cxix.
95.
Thenceforth to speculations high or deep I turned my
thoughts, and with capacious mind Considered all
things visible. --Milton.
2. To look at attentively; to observe; to examine.
She considereth a field, and buyeth it. --Prov.
xxxi. 16.
3. To have regard to; to take into view or account; to pay
due attention to; to respect.
Consider, sir, the chance of war: the day Was yours
by accident. --Shak.
England could grow into a posture of being more
united at home, and more considered abroad. --Sir W.
Temple.
4. To estimate; to think; to regard; to view.
Considered as plays, his works are absurd.
--Macaulay.
Note: The proper sense of consider is often blended with an
idea of the result of considering; as, ``Blessed is he
that considereth the poor.'' --Ps. xli. 1.; i.e.,
considers with sympathy and pity. ``Which [services] if
I have not enough considered.'' --Shak.; i.e., requited
as the sufficient considering of them would suggest.
``Consider him liberally.'' --J. Hooker.
Syn: To ponder; weigh; revolve; study; reflect or meditate
on; contemplate; examine. See {Ponder}.
Consider \Con*sid"er\, v. i.
1. To think seriously; to make examination; to reflect; to
deliberate.
We will consider of your suit. --Shak.
'T were to consider too curiously, to consider so.
--Shak.
She wished she had taken a moment to consider,
before rushing down stairs. --W. Black
2. To hesitate. [Poetic & R.] --Dryden.
Considerable \Con*sid"er*a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. consid['e]rable.]
1. Worthy of consideration, borne in mind, or attended to.
It is considerable, that some urns have had
inscriptions on them expressing that the lamps were
burning. --Bp. Wilkins.
Eternity is infinitely the most considerable
duration. --Tillotson.
2. Of some distinction; noteworthy; influential; respectable;
-- said of persons.
You are, indeed, a very considerable man. --Junius.
3. Of importance or value.
In painting, not every action, nor every person, is
considerable enough to enter into the cloth.
--Dryden.
A considerable sum of money. --Prescott.
Considerableness \Con*sid"er*a*ble*ness\, n.
Worthiness of consideration; dignity; value; size; amount.
Considerably \Con*sid"er*a*bly\, adv.
In a manner or to a degree not trifling or unimportant;
greatly; much.
The breeds . . . differ considerably from each other.
--Darwin.
Considerance \Con*sid"er*ance\, n. [L. considerantia.]
Act of considering; consideration. [Obs.] --Shak.
Considerate \Con*sid"er*ate\, a. [L. consideratus, p. p.]
1. Given to consideration or to sober reflection; regardful
of consequences or circumstances; circumspect; careful;
esp. careful of the rights, claims, and feelings of other.
Of dauntless courage and considerate pride.
--Milton.
?neas is patient, considerate, and careful of his
people. --Dryden.
The wisest and most considerate men in the world.
--Sharp.
2. Having respect to; regardful. [R.]
They may be . . . more considerate of praise. --Dr.
H. More.
Syn: Thoughtful; reflective; careful; discreet; prudent;
deliberate; serious. See {Thoughtful}. --
{Con*sid"er*ate*ly}, adv. -- {Con*sid"er*ate*ness}, n.
Consideration \Con*sid`er*a"tion\, n. [L. consideratio: cf. F.
consid?ration.]
1. The act or process of considering; continuous careful
thought; examination; contemplation; deliberation;
attention.
Let us think with consideration. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Consideration, like an angel, came. --Shak.
2. Attentive respect; appreciative regard; -- used especially
in diplomatic or stately correspondence.
The undersigned has the honor to repeat to Mr.
Hulseman the assurance of his high consideration.
--D. Webster.
The consideration with which he was treated.
--Whewell.
3. Thoughtful or sympathetic regard or notice.
Consideration for the poor is a doctrine of the
church. --Newman.
4. Claim to notice or regard; some degree of importance or
consequence.
Lucan is the only author of consideration among the
Latin poets who was not explained for . . . the
Dauphin. --Addison.
5. The result of delibration, or of attention and
examonation; matured opinion; a reflection; as,
considerations on the choice of a profession.
6. That which is, or should be, taken into account as a
ground of opinion or action; motive; reason.
He was obliged, antecedent to all other
considerations, to search an asylum. --Dryden.
Some considerations which are necessary to the
forming of a correct judgment. --Macaulay.
7. (Law) The cause which moves a contracting party to enter
into an agreement; the material cause of a contract; the
price of a stripulation; compensation; equivalent.
--Bouvier.
Note: Consideration is what is done, or promised to be done,
in exchange for a promise, and ``as a mere advantage to
the promisor without detriment to the promisee would
not avail, the proper test is detriment to the
promisee.'' --Wharton.
Considerative \Con*sid"er*a*tive\, a.
Considerate; careful; thoughtful. [Archaic]
I love to be considerative. --B. Jonson.
Considerator \Con*sid"er*a`tor\, n.
One who considers. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Considerer \Con*sid"er*er\, n.
One who considers; a man of reflection; a thinker. --Milton.
Consideringly \Con*sid"er*ing*ly\, adv.
With consideration or deliberation.
Consign \Con*sign"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Consigned} 3; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Consigning}.] [F. consigner, L. consignare,
-signatu,, to seal or sign; con- + signare, fr. signum mark.
See {Sign}.]
1. To give, transfer, or deliver, in a formal manner, as if
by signing over into the possession of another, or into a
different state, with the sense of fixedness in that
state, or permanence of possession; as, to consign the
body to the grave.
At the day of general account, good men are to be
consigned over to another state. --Atterbury.
2. To give in charge; to commit; to intrust.
Atrides, parting for the Trojan war, Consigned the
youthful consort to his care. --Pope.
The four evangelists consigned to writing that
history. --Addison.
3. (Com.) To send or address (by bill of lading or otherwise)
to an agent or correspondent in another place, to be cared
for or sold, or for the use of such correspondent; as, to
consign a cargo or a ship; to consign goods.
4. To assign; to devote; to set apart.
The French commander consigned it to the use for
which it was intended by the donor. --Dryden.
5. To stamp or impress; to affect. [Obs.]
Consign my spirit with great fear. --Jer. Taylor.
Syn: To commit; deliver; intrust; resign. See {Commit}.
Consign \Con*sign"\, v. i.
1. To submit; to surrender or yield one's self. [Obs.]
All lovers young, all lovers must Consign to thee,
and come to dust. --Shak.
2. To yield consent; to agree; to acquiesce. [Obs.]
Augment or alter . . . And we'll consign thereto.
--Shak.
Consignatary \Con*sig"na*ta*ry\, n. [Cf. {Consignitary}.]
A consignee. [Obs.] --Jenkins.
Consignation \Con`sig*na"tion\, n. [L. consignatio written
proof, document: cf. F. consignation comsignation.]
1. The act of consigning; the act of delivering or committing
to another person, place, or state. [Obs.]
So is despair a certain consignation to eternal
ruin. --Jer. Taylor.
2. The act of ratifying or establishing, as if by signing;
confirmation; ratification.
A direct consignation of pardon. --Jer. Taylor.
3. A stamp; an indication; a sign. [Obs.]
The most certain consignations of an excellent
virtue. --Jer. Taylor.
Consignatory \Con*sig"na*to*ry\, n. [Cf. {Consignitary}.]
One of several that jointly sign a written instrument, as a
treaty. --Fallows.
Consignature \Con*sig"na*ture\; 135), n.
Joint signature. [R.] --Colgrave.
Consigne \Con"signe\, n. [F.] (Mil.)
(a) A countersign; a watchword.
(b) One who is orders to keep within certain limits.
Consignee \Con`sign*ee"\ (?; 277), n. [F. consign?, p. p. of
consigner.]
The person to whom goods or other things are consigned; a
factor; -- correlative to consignor.
Consigner and consignee are used by merchants to
express generally the shipper of merchandise, and the
person to whom it is addressed, by bill of lading or
otherwise. --De Colange.
Consigner \Con*sign"er\, n.
One who consigns. See {Consignor}.
Consignificant \Con`sig*nif"i*cant\, a.
Having joint or equal signification; synonymous. [R.]
--Spelman.
Consignification \Con*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion\, n.
Joint signification. [R.]
Consignificative \Con`sig*nif"i*ca*tive\, a.
Consignificant; jointly significate. [R.]
Consignify \Con*sig"ni*fy\, v. t. [Pref. con- + sognify.]
To signify or denote in combination with something else.
The cipher . . . only serves to connote and consignify,
and to change the value or the figures. --Horne Tooke.
Consignment \Con*sign"ment\, n.
1. The act of consigning; consignation.
2. (Com.) The act of consigning or sending property to an
agent or correspondent in another place, as for care,
sale, etc.
3. (Com.) That which is consigned; the goods or commodities
sent or addressed to a consignee at one time or by one
conveyance.
To increase your consignments of this valuable
branch of national commerce. --Burke.
4. The writing by which anything is consigned.
Consignor \Con*sign"or\ (? or ?; 277), n.
One who consigns something to another; -- opposed to
consignee. [Written also {consigner}.]
Consilience \Con*sil"i*ence\, n. [con- + salire to leap.]
Act of concurring; coincidence; concurrence.
The consilience of inductions takes place when one
class of facts coincides with an induction obtained
from another different class. --Whewell.
Consimilitude \Con`si*mil"i*tude\, Consimility
\Con`si*mil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. consimilitude. See {Similitude}.]
Common resemblance. [Obs.] --Aubrey.
Consist \Con*sist"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Consisted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Consisting}.] [L. consistere to stand still or firm;
con- + sistere to stand, cause to stand, stare to stand: cf.
F. consister. See {Stand}.]
1. To stand firm; to be in a fixed or permanent state, as a
body composed of parts in union or connection; to hold
together; to be; to exist; to subsist; to be supported and
maintained.
He is before all things, and by him all things
consist. --Col. i. 17.
2. To be composed or made up; -- followed by of.
The land would consist of plains and valleys. --T.
Burnet.
3. To have as its substance or character, or as its
foundation; to be; -- followed by in.
If their purgation did consist in words. --Shak.
A man's life consisteth not in the abudance of the
things which he possesseth. --Luke xii.
15.
4. To be consistent or harmonious; to be in accordance; --
formerly used absolutely, now followed by with.
This was a consisting story. --Bp. Burnet.
Health consists with temperance alone. --Pope.
For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but
well consist. --Milton.
5. To insist; -- followed by on. [Obs.] --Shak.
Syn: {To Consist}, {Consist of}, {Consist in}.
Usage: The verb consist is employed chiefly for two purposes,
which are marked and distinguished by the prepositions
used. When we wish to indicate the parts which unite
to compose a thing, we use of; as when we say,
``Macaulay's Miscellanies consist chiefly of articles
which were first published in the Edinburgh Review.''
When we wish to indicate the true nature of a thing,
or that on which it depends, we use in; as, ``There
are some artists whose skill consists in a certain
manner which they have affected.'' ``Our safety
consists in a strict adherence to duty.''
Consistence \Con*sist"ence\, Consistency \Con*sist"en*cy\, n.
[Cf. F. consistance.]
1. The condition of standing or adhering together, or being
fixed in union, as the parts of a body; existence;
firmness; coherence; solidity.
Water, being divided, maketh many circles, till it
restore itself to the natural consistence. --Bacon.
We are as water, weak, and of no consistence. --Jer.
Taylor.
The same form, substance, and consistency. --T.
Burnet.
2. A degree of firmness, density, or spissitude.
Let the expressed juices be boiled into the
consistence of a sirup. --Arbuthnot.
3. That which stands together as a united whole; a
combination.
The church of God, as meaning the whole consistence
of orders and members. --Milton.
4. Firmness of constitution or character; substantiality;
durability; persistency.
His friendship is of a noble make and a lasting
consistency. --South.
5. Agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex thing among
themselves, or of the same thing with itself at different
times; the harmony of conduct with profession; congruity;
correspondence; as, the consistency of laws, regulations,
or judicial decisions; consistency of opinions;
consistency of conduct or of character.
That consistency of behavior whereby he inflexibly
pursues those measures which appear the most just.
--Addison.
Consistency, thou art a jewel. --Popular
Saying.
Consistent \Con*sist"ent\, a. [L. consistens, p. pr.: cf. F.
consistant.]
1. Possessing firmness or fixedness; firm; hard; solid.
The humoral and consistent parts of the body.
--Harvey.
2. Having agreement with itself or with something else;
having harmony among its parts; possesing unity;
accordant; harmonious; congruous; compatible; uniform; not
contradictory.
Show me one that has it in his power To act
consistent with himself an hour. --Pope.
With reference to such a lord, to serve and to be
free are terms not consistent only, but equivalent.
--South.
3. Living or acting in conformity with one's belief or
professions.
It was utterly to be at once a consistent Quaker and
a conspirator. --Macaulay.
Consistently \Con*sist"ent*ly\, adv.
In a consistent manner.
Consistorial \Con`sis*to"ri*al\, a. [Cf. F. consistorial.]
Of or pertaining to a consistory. ``Consistorial laws.''
--Hooker. ``Consistorial courts.'' --Bp. Hoadley.
Consistorian \Con`sis*to"rian\, a.
Pertaining to a Presbyterian consistory; -- a contemptuous
term of 17th century controversy.
You fall next on the consistorian schismatics; for so
you call Presbyterians. --Milton.
Consistory \Con*sis"to*ry\ (? or ?; 277) n.; pl. {Consistories}.
[L. consistorium a place of assembly, the place where the
emperor's council met, fr. consistere: cf. F. consistoire,
It. consistorio. See {Consist}.]
1. Primarily, a place of standing or staying together; hence,
any solemn assembly or council.
To council summons all his mighty peers, Within
thick clouds and dark tenfold involved, A gloomy
consistory. --Milton.
2. (Eng. Ch.) The spiritual court of a diocesan bishop held
before his chancellor or commissioner in his cathedral
church or elsewhere. --Hook.
3. (R. C. Ch.) An assembly of prelates; a session of the
college of cardinals at Rome.
Pius was then hearing of causes in consistory.
--Bacon.
4. A church tribunal or governing body.
Note: In some churches, as the Dutch Reformed in America, a
consistory is composed of the minister and elders of an
individual church, corresponding to a Presbyterian
church session, and in others, as the Reformed church
in France, it is composed of ministers and elders,
corresponding to a presbytery. In some Lutheran
countries it is a body of clerical and lay officers
appointed by the sovereign to superintend
ecclesiastical affairs.
5. A civil court of justice. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Consistory \Con*sis"to*ry\, a.
Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a consistory. ``To hold
consistory session.'' --Strype.
Consociate \Con*so"ci*ate\, n. [L. consociatus, p. p. of
consociare to associate, unite; con- + sociare to join,
unite. See {Social}.]
An associate; an accomplice. [Archaic] ``Wicked
consociates.'' --Bp. Hall.
Consociate \Con*so"ci*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Consociated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Consociating}.]
1. To bring into alliance, confederacy, or relationship; to
bring together; to join; to unite. [R.]
Join pole to pole, consociate severed worlds.
--Mallet.
2. To unite in an ecclesiastical consociation. [U.S.]
Consociate \Con*so"ci*ate\, v. i.
1. To be allied, confederated, or associated; to coalescence.
[R.] --Bentley.
2. To form an ecclesiastical consociation. [U.S.]
Consociation \Con*so`ci*a"tion\, n. [L. consociatio.]
1. Intimate union; fellowship; alliance; companionship;
confederation; association; intimacy.
A friendly consociation with your kindred elements.
--Warburton.
2. A voluntary and permanent council or union of neighboring
Congregational churches, for mutual advice and
co["o]peration in ecclesiastical matters; a meeting of
pastors and delegates from churches thus united.
Note: In Connecticut some of the Congregational churhes are
associated in consociations and the others in
conferences.
Consociational \Con*so`ci*a"tion*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a consociation. [U.S.]
Consolable \Con*sol"a*ble\, a. [L. consolabilis: cf. F.
consolable.]
Capable of receiving consolation.
Consolate \Con"so*late\, v. t. [L. consolatus, p. p. See
{Console}, v. t.]
To console; to comfort. [Obs.] --Shak.
Consolation \Con`so*la"tion\, n. [L. consolatio: cf. F.
consolation.]
The act of consoling; the state of being consoled; allevation
of misery or distress of mind; refreshment of spirit;
comfort; that which consoles or comforts the spirit.
Against such cruelties With inward consolations
recompensed. --Milton.
Are the consolations of God small with thee? --Job xv.
11.
Syn: Comfort; solace; allevation. See {Comfort}.
Consolato del mare \Con`so*la"to del ma"re\ [It., the consulate
of the sea.]
A collection of maritime laws of disputed origin, supposed to
have been first published at Barcelona early in the 14th
century. It has formed the basis of most of the subsequent
collections of maritime laws. --Kent. --Bouvier.
Consolator \Con"so*la`tor\, n. [L.]
One who consoles or comforts. --Johnson.
Consolatory \Con*sol"a*to*ry\, a. [L. consolatorius.]
Of a consoling or comforting nature.
The punishment of tyrants is a noble and awful act of
justice; and it has with truth been said to be
consolatory to the human mind. --Burke.
Consolatory \Con*sol"a*to*ry\, n.
That which consoles; a speech or writing intended for
consolation. [R.] --Milton.
Console \Con*sole"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Consoled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Consoling}.] [L. consolari,. p. p. consolatus; con- +
solari to console, comfort: cf. F. consoler. See {Solace}.]
To cheer in distress or depression; to alleviate the grief
and raise the spirits of; to relieve; to comfort; to soothe.
And empty heads console with empty sound. --Pope.
I am much consoled by the reflection that the religion
of Christ has been attacked in vain by all the wits and
philosophers, and its triumph has been complete. --P.
Henry.
Syn: To comfort; solace; soothe; cheer; sustain; encourage;
support. See {Comfort}.
Console \Con"sole\, n. [F.] (Arch.)
(a) A bracket whose projection is not more than half its
height.
(b) Any small bracket; also, a console table.
{Console table}, a table whose top is supported by two or
more consoles instead of legs.
Consoler \Con*sol"er\, n.
One who gives consolation.
Consolidant \Con*sol"i*dant\, a. [L. consolidans, p. pr. of
consolidare: cf. F. consolidant.]
Serving to unite or consolidate; having the quality of
consolidating or making firm.
Consolidate \Con*sol"i*date\, a. [L. consolidatus, p. pr. of
consolidare to make firm; con- + solidare to make firm;
solidus solid. See {Solid}, and cf. {Consound}.]
Formed into a solid mass; made firm; consolidated. [R.]
A gentleman [should learn to ride] while he is tender
and the brawns and sinews of his thighs not fully
consolidate. --Elyot.
Consolidate \Con*sol"i*date\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Consolidated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Consolidating}.]
1. To make solid; to unite or press together into a compact
mass; to harden or make dense and firm.
He fixed and consolidated the earth. --T. Burnet.
2. To unite, as various particulars, into one mass or body;
to bring together in close union; to combine; as, to
consolidate the armies of the republic.
Consolidating numbers into unity. --Wordsworth.
3. (Surg.) To unite by means of applications, as the parts of
a broken bone, or the lips of a wound. [R.]
Syn: To unite; combine; harden; compact; condense; compress.
Consolidate \Con*sol"i*date\, v. i.
To grow firm and hard; to unite and become solid; as, moist
clay consolidates by drying.
In hurts and ulcers of the head, dryness maketh them
more apt to consolidate. --Bacon.
Consolidated \Con*sol"i*da`ted\, p. p. & a.
1. Made solid, hard, or compact; united; joined; solidified.
The Aggregate Fund . . . consisted of a great
variety of taxes and surpluses of taxes and duties
which were [in 1715] consolidated. --Rees.
A mass of partially consolidated mud. --Tyndall.
2. (Bot.) Having a small surface in proportion to bulk, as in
the cactus.
Consolidated plants are evidently adapted and
designed for very dry regions; in such only they are
found. --Gray.
{The Consolidated Fund}, a British fund formed by
consolidating (in 1787) three public funds (the Aggregate
Fund, the General Fund, and the South Sea Fund). In 1816,
the larger part of the revenues of Great Britian and
Ireland was assigned to what has been known as the
Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom, out of which are
paid the interest of the national debt, the salaries of
the civil list, etc.
Consolidation \Con*sol`i*da"tion\, n. [L. consolidatio a
confirming: cf. F. consolidation.]
1. The act or process of consolidating, making firm, or
uniting; the state of being consolidated; solidification;
combination.
The consolidation of the marble and of the stone did
not fall out at random. --Woodward.
The consolidation of the great European monarchies.
--Hallam.
2. (Bot.) To organic cohesion of different circled in a
flower; adnation.
3. (Law) The combination of several actions into one.
Consolidative \Con*sol"i*da*tive\, a. [Cf. F. consolidatif.]
Tending or having power to consolidate; healing.
Consoling \Con*sol"ing\, a.
Adapted to console or comfort; cheering; as, this is
consoling news.
Consols \Con"sols\ (? or ?; 277), n. pl. [A contraction of
consolidated (annuities).]
The leading British funded government security.
Note: A considerable part of the public debt of Great
Britian, which had been contracted in the form of
annuities yielding various rates of interest, was, in
1757, consolidated into one fund at 3 per cent
interest, the account of which is kept at the Bank of
England. This debt has been diminished and increased at
different times, and now constitutes somewhat more than
half of the entire national debt. The stocks are
transferable, and Their value in the market constantly
fluctuates; the price at any time being regarded as a
gauge of the national prosperity and public confidence.
Consomm'e \Con`som`m"['e]\, n. [F., lit. p. p. of consommer to
finish.] (Cookery)
A clear soup or bouillion boiled down so as to be very rich.
Consonance \Con"so*nance\, Consonancy \Con"so*nan*cy\, n. [L.
consonantia: cf. F. consonnance.]
1. (Mus.) Accord or agreement of sounds produced
simultaneously, as a note with its third, fifth, and
eighth.
2. Agreement or congruity; harmony; accord; consistency;
suitableness.
The perfect consonancy of our persecuted church to
the doctrines of Scripture and antiquity. --Hammond.
The optic nerve responds to the waves with which it
is in consonance. --Tyndall.
3. Friendship; concord. [Obs.]
By the consonancy of our youth. --Shak.
Syn: Agreement; accord; consistency; unison; harmony;
congruity; suitableness; agreeableness.
Consonant \Con"so*nant\, a. [L. consonans, -antis; p. pr. of
consonare to sound at the same time, agree; con- + sonare to
sound: cf. F. consonnant. See {Sound} to make a noise.]
1. Having agreement; congruous; consistent; according; --
usually followed by with or to.
Each one pretends that his opinion . . . is
consonant to the words there used. --Bp.
Beveridge.
That where much is given there shall be much
required is a thing consonant with natural equity.
--Dr. H. More.
2. Having like sounds.
Consonant words and syllables. --Howell.
3. (Mus.) harmonizing together; accordant; as, consonant
tones, consonant chords.
4. Of or pertaining to consonants; made up of, or containing
many, consonants.
No Russian whose dissonant consonant name Almost
shatters to fragments the trumpet of fame. --T.
Moore.
Consonant \Con"so*nant\, n. [L. consonans, -antis.]
An articulate sound which in utterance is usually combined
and sounded with an open sound called a vowel; a member of
the spoken alphabet other than a vowel; also, a letter or
character representing such a sound.
Note: Consonants are divided into various classes, as mutes,
spirants, sibilants, nasals, semivowels, etc. All of
them are sounds uttered through a closer position of
the organs than that of a vowel proper, although the
most open of them, as the semivowels and nasals, are
capable of being used as if vowels, and forming
syllables with other closer consonants, as in the
English feeble (-b'l), taken (-k'n). All the consonants
excepting the mutes may be indefinitely, prolonged in
utterance without the help of a vowel, and even the
mutes may be produced with an aspirate instead of a
vocal explosion. Vowels and consonants may be regarded
as the two poles in the scale of sounds produced by
gradual approximation of the organ, of speech from the
most open to the closest positions, the vowel being
more open, the consonant closer; but there is a
territory between them where the sounds produced
partake of the qualities of both.
Note: ``A consonant is the result of audible friction,
squeezing, or stopping of the breath in some part of
the mouth (or occasionally of the throath.) The main
distinction between vowels and consonants is, that
while in the former the mouth configuration merely
modifies the vocalized breath, which is therefore an
essential element of the vowels, in consonants the
narrowing or stopping of the oral passage is the
foundation of the sound, and the state of the glottis
is something secondary.'' --H. Sweet.
Consonantal \Con`so*nan"tal\, a.
Of the nature of a consonant; pertaining to consonants.
Consonantize \Con"so*nant*ize\, v. t.
To change into, or use as, a consonant. ``The vowel is
consonantized, that is, made closer in position.'' --Peile.
Consonantly \Con"so*nant*ly\, adv.
In a consonant, consistent, or congruous manner; agreeably.
Consonantness \Con"so*nant*ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being consonant, agreeable, or
consistent.
Consonous \Con"so*nous\, a. [L. consonus. See {Consonant}.]
Agreeing in sound; symphonious.
Consopiation \Con*so`pi*a"tion\, n.
The act of sleeping, or of lulling, to sleep. [Obs.] --Pope.
Consopite \Con"so*pite\ (k[o^]n"s[-o]*p[imac]t), a. [L.
consopitus, p. p. of consopire.]
Lulled to sleep. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Consopite \Con"so*pite\, v. t.
To lull to sleep; to quiet; to compose. [Obs.]
The operation of the masculine faculties of the soul
were, for a while, well slacked and consopited. --Dr.
H. More.
Consort \Con"sort\ (k[o^]n"s[^o]rt), n. [L. consore, -sortis;
con- + sors lot, fate, share. See {Sort}.]
1. One who shares the lot of another; a companion; a partner;
especially, a wife or husband. --Milton.
He single chose to live, and shunned to wed, Well
pleased to want a consort of his bed. --Dryden.
The consort of the queen has passed from this
troubled sphere. --Thakeray.
The snow-white gander, invariably accompanied by his
darker consort. --Darwin.
2. (Naut.) A ship keeping company with another.
3. Concurrence; conjunction; combination; association; union.
``By Heaven's consort.'' --Fuller. ``Working in consort.''
--Hare.
Take it singly, and it carries an air of levity;
but, in consort with the rest, has a meaning quite
different. --Atterbury.
4. [LL. consortium.] An assembly or association of persons; a
company; a group; a combination. [Obs.]
In one consort' there sat Cruel revenge and
rancorous despite, Disloyal treason, and
heart-burning hate. --Spenser.
Lord, place me in thy consort. --Herbert.
5. [Perh. confused with concert.] Harmony of sounds; concert,
as of musical instruments. [Obs.] --Milton.
To make a sad consort'; Come, let us join our
mournful song with theirs. --Spenser.
{Prince consort}, the husband of a queen regnant.
{Queen consort}, the wife of a king, as distinguished from a
{queen regnant}, who rules alone, and a {queen dowager},
the window of a king.
Consort \Con*sort"\ (k[o^]n*s[^o]rt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Consorted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Consorting}.]
To unite or to keep company; to associate; -- used with with.
Which of the Grecian chiefs consorts with thee?
--Dryden.
Consort \Con*sort"\, v. t.
1. To unite or join, as in affection, harmony, company,
marriage, etc.; to associate.
He with his consorted Eve. --Milton.
For all that pleasing is to living ears Was there
consorted in one harmony. --Spenser.
He begins to consort himself with men. --Locke.
2. To attend; to accompany. [Obs.]
Thou, wretched boy, that didst consort him here,
Shalt with him hence. --Shak.
Consortable \Con*sort"a*ble\ (k[o^]n*s[^o]rt"[.a]*b'l), a.
Suitable for association or companionship. [Obs.] --Sir H.
Wotton.
Consortion \Con*sor"tion\ (k[o^]n*s[^o]r"sh[u^]n), n. [L.
consortio.]
Fellowship; association; companionship. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Consortship \Con"sort*ship\ (k[o^]n"s[^o]rt*sh[i^]p), n.
The condition of a consort; fellowship; partnership.
--Hammond.
Consound \Con"sound\ (-sound), n. [Corrupted fr. F. consoude, fr
L. consolida comfrey (so called because supposed to have
healing power); con- + solidus solid, consolidare to make
solid. Cf. {Comfrey}, {Consolidate}.] (Bot.)
A name applied loosely to several plants of different genera,
esp. the comfrey.
Conspecific \Con`spe*cif"ic\ (k[o^]n`sp[-e]*s[i^]f"[i^]k), a.
Of the same species.
Conspectuity \Con`spec*tu"i*ty\ (-sp[e^]k*t[=u]"[i^]*t[y^]), n.;
pl. {Conspectuities} (-t[i^]z).
The faculty of seeing; sight; eye.
Note: [A word of Menenius's making. --Coriolanus ii. 1.]
--Shak.
Conspectus \Con*spec"tus\ (k[o^]n*sp[e^]k"t[u^]s), n.
A general sketch or outline of a subject; a synopsis; an
epitome.
Conspersion \Con*sper"sion\, n. [L. conspersio, fr. conspergere
to sprinkle.]
The act of sprinkling. [Obs.]
The conspersion washing the doorposts. --Jer. Taylor.
Conspicuity \Con`spi*cu"i*ty\, n.
The state or quality of being clear or bright; brightness;
conspicuousness. [R.] --Chapman.
Conspicuous \Con*spic"u*ous\, a. [L. conspicuus, fr. conspicere
to get sight of, to perceive; con- + spicere, specere, to
look. See {Spy}]
1. Open to the view; obvious to the eye; easy to be seen;
plainly visible; manifest; attracting the eye.
It was a rock Of alabaster, piled up to the clouds,
Conspicious far. --Milton.
Conspicious by her veil and hood, Signing the cross,
the abbess stood. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. Obvious to the mental eye; easily recognized; clearly
defined; notable; prominent; eminent; distinguished; as, a
conspicuous excellence, or fault.
A man who holds a conspicuous place in the
political, ecclesiastical, and literary history of
England. --Macaulay.
Syn: Distinguished; eminent; famous; illustrious; prominent;
celebrated. See {Distinguished}. -- {Con*spic"u*ous*ly},
adv. -- {Con*spic"u*ous*ness}, n.
Conspiracy \Con*spir"a*cy\, n.; pl. {Conspiracies}. [See
{Conspiration}.]
1. A combination of men for an evil purpose; an agreement,
between two or more persons, to commit a crime in concert,
as treason; a plot.
When shapen was all his conspiracy From point to
point. --Chaucer.
They made a conspiracy against [Amaziah]. --2 Kings
xiv. 19.
I had forgot that foul conspiracy
Of the beast Caliban and his confederates. --Shak.
2. A concurence or general tendency, as of circumstances, to
one event, as if by agreement.
A conspiracy in all heavenly and earthly things.
--Sir P.
Sidney.
3. (Law) An agreement, manifesting itself in words or deeds,
by which two or more persons confederate to do an unlawful
act, or to use unlawful to do an act which is lawful;
confederacy.
Syn: Combination; plot; cabal.
Conspirant \Con*spir"ant\, a. [L. conspirans, p. pr. of
conspirare: cf. F. conspirant.]
Engaging in a plot to commit a crime; conspiring. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Conspiration \Con`spi*ra"tion\, n. [F. conspiration, L.
conspiratio.]
Agreement or concurrence for some end or purpose; conspiracy.
[R.]
As soon as it was day, certain Jews made a
conspiration. --Udall.
In our natural body every part has a nacassary sympathy
with every other, and all together form, by their
harmonious onspiration, a healthy whole. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Conspirator \Con*spir"a*tor\, n.
One who engages in a conspiracy; a plotter. --2 Sam. xv. 31.
Conspire \Con*spire"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Conspired}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Conspiring}.] [F. conspirer, L. onspirare to blow
together, harmonize, agree, plot; con- + spirare to breathe,
blow. See {Spirit}.]
1. To make an agreement, esp. a secret agreement, to do some
act, as to commit treason or a crime, or to do some
unlawful deed; to plot together.
They conspired against [Joseph] to slay him. --Gen.
xxxvii. 18.
You have conspired against our royal person, Joined
with an enemy proclaimed. --Shak.
2. To concur to one end; to agree.
The press, the pulpit, and the stage Conspire to
censure and expose our age. --Roscommon.
Syn: To unite; concur; complot; confederate; league.
Conspire \Con*spire"\, v. t.
To plot; to plan; to combine for.
Angry clouds conspire your overthrow. --Bp. Hall.
Conspirer \Con*spir"er\, n.
One who conspires; a conspirator.
Conspiringly \Con*spir"ing*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a conspirator; by conspiracy. --Milton.
Conspissation \Con`spis*sa"tion\, n. [L. conspissatio, fr.
conspissare to make thick.]
A making thick or viscous; thickness; inspissation. [R.]
--Dr. H. More.
Conspurcate \Con*spur"cate\, v. t. [L. conspurcatus, p. p. of
conspurcare.]
To pollute; to defile. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Conspurcation \Con`spur*ca"tion\, n. [L. conspurcare, -spuratum,
to defile.]
The act of defiling; defilement; pollution. --Bp. Hall.
Constable \Con"sta*ble\ (k[u^]n"st[.a]*b'l), n. [OE. conestable,
constable, a constable (in sense 1), OF. conestable, F.
conn['e]table, LL. conestabulus, constabularius, comes
stabuli, orig., count of the stable, master of the horse,
equerry; comes count (L. companion) + L. stabulum stable. See
{Count} a nobleman, and {Stable}.]
1. A high officer in the monarchical establishments of the
Middle Ages.
Note: The constable of France was the first officer of the
crown, and had the chief command of the army. It was
also his duty to regulate all matters of chivalry. The
office was suppressed in 1627. The constable, or lord
high constable, of England, was one of the highest
officers of the crown, commander in chief of the
forces, and keeper of the peace of the nation. He also
had judicial cognizance of many important matters. The
office was as early as the Conquest, but has been
disused (except on great and solemn occasions), since
the attainder of Stafford, duke of Buckingham, in the
reign of Henry VIII.
2. (Law) An officer of the peace having power as a
conservator of the public peace, and bound to execute the
warrants of judicial officers. --Bouvier.
Note: In England, at the present time, the constable is a
conservator of the peace within his district, and is
also charged by various statutes with other duties,
such as serving summons, precepts, warrants, etc. In
the United States, constables are town or city officers
of the peace, with powers similar to those of the
constables of England. In addition to their duties as
conservators of the peace, they are invested with
others by statute, such as to execute civil as well as
criminal process in certain cases, to attend courts,
keep juries, etc. In some cities, there are officers
called {high constables}, who act as chiefs of the
constabulary or police force. In other cities the title
of constable, as well as the office, is merged in that
of the police officer.
{High constable}, a constable having certain duties and
powers within a hundred. [Eng.]
{Petty constable}, a conservator of the peace within a parish
or tithing; a tithingman. [Eng.]
{Special constable}, a person appointed to act as constable
of special occasions.
{To} {overrun, or outrun}, {the constable}, to spend more
than one's income; to get into debt. [Colloq.] --Smollett.
Constablery \Con"sta*bler*y\ (? or ? ), n. [OF. conestablerie.
Cf. {Constabulary}.]
1. The constabulary. [Obs.]
2. The district or jurisdiction of a constable. [Obs.]
Constableship \Con"sta*bleship\, n.
The office or functions of a constable.
Constabless \Con"sta*bless\, n.
The wife of a constable. [Obs.]
Constablewick \Con"sta*ble*wick`\, n. [Constable + wick a
village]
The district to which a constable's power is limited. [Obs.]
--Sir M. Hale.
Constabulary \Con*stab"u*la*ry\, a. [LL. constabularius an
equerry. See {Constable}.]
Of or pertaining to constables; consisting of constables.
Constabulary \Con*stab"u*la*ry\, n.
The collective body of constables in any town, district, or
country.
Constabulatory \Con*stab"u*la*to*ry\, n.
A constabulary. [Obs.] --Bp. Burnet.
Constancy \Con"stan*cy\, n. [L. constantia: cf. F. constance.
See {Constant}.]
1. The state or quality of being constant or steadfast;
freedom from change; stability; fixedness; immutability;
as, the constancy of God in his nature and attributes.
2. Fixedness or firmness of mind; persevering resolution;
especially, firmness of mind under sufferings, steadiness
in attachments, or perseverance in enterprise; stability;
fidelity.
A fellow of plain uncoined constancy. --Shak.
Constancy and contempt of danger. --Prescott.
Syn: Fixedness; stability; firmness; steadiness; permanence;
steadfastness; resolution. See {Firmness}.
Constant \Con"stant\, a. [L. onstans, -antis, p. pr. of constare
to stand firm, to be consistent; con- + stare to stand: cf.
F. constant. See {Stand} and cf. {Cost}, v. t.]
1. Firm; solid; fixed; immovable; -- opposed to fluid. [Obs.]
If . . . you mix them, you may turn these two fluid
liquors into a constant body. --Boyle.
2. Not liable, or given, to change; permanent; regular;
continuous; continually recurring; steadfast; faithful;
not fickle.
Both loving one fair maid, they yet remained
constant friends. --Sir P.
Sidney.
I am constant to my purposes. --Shak.
His gifts, his constant ourtship, nothing gained.
--Dryden.
Onward the constant current sweeps. --Longfellow.
3. (Math. & Physics) Remaining unchanged or invariable, as a
quantity, force, law, etc.
4. Consistent; logical. [Obs.] --Shak.
Syn: Fixed; steadfast; unchanging; permanent; unalterable;
immutable; invariable; perpetual; continual; resolute;
firm; unshaken; determined.
Usage: {Constant}, {Continual}, {Perpetual}. These words are
sometimes used in an absolute and sometimes in a
qualified sense. Constant denotes, in its absolute
sense, unchangeably fixed; as, a constant mind or
purpose. In its qualified sense, it marks something as
a ``standing'' fact or occurence; as, liable to
constant interruptions; constantly called for.
Continual, in its absolute sense, coincides with
continuous. See {Continuous}. In its qualified sense,
it describes a thing as occuring in steady and rapid
succession; as, a round of continual calls;
continually changing. Perpetual denotes, in its
absolute sense, what literally never ceases or comes
to an end; as, perpetual motion. In its qualified
sense, it is used hyperbolically, and denotes that
which rarely ceases; as, perpetual disturbance;
perpetual noise; perpetual intermeddling.
Constant \Con"stant\, n.
1. That which is not subject to change; that which is
invariable.
2. (Math.) A quantity that does not change its value; -- used
in countradistinction to {variable}.
{Absolute constant} (Math.), one whose value is absolutely
the same under all circumstances, as the number 10, or any
numeral.
{Arbitrary constant}, an undetermined constant in a
differential equation having the same value during all
changes in the values of the variables.
Constantia \Con*stan"ti*a\ (? or ?), n.
A superior wine, white and red, from Constantia, in Cape
Colony.
Constantly \Con"stant*ly\, adv.
With constancy; steadily; continually; perseveringly; without
cessation; uniformly.
But she constantly affirmed that it was even so.
--Acts. xii.
15.
Constat \Con"stat\, n. [L., it is evident.] (Law)
A certificate showing what appears upon record touching a
matter in question.
Constate \Con*state"\, v. t. [F. constater; L. con- + stare to
stand.]
To ascertain; to verify; to establish; to prove. --F. P.
Cobbe.
Constellate \Con"stel*late\ (? or ?), v. i. [Pref. con- + L.
stellatus, p. p. of stellare to cover with stars, stella
star. See {Stellate}.]
To join luster; to shine with united radiance, or one general
light. [R.]
The several things which engage our affections . . .
shine forth and constellate in God. --Boule.
Constellate \Con"stel*late\, v. t.
1. To unite in one luster or radiance, as stars. [R.]
Whe know how to constellate these lights. --Boyle.
2. To set or adorn with stars or constellations; as,
constellated heavens. --J. Barlow.
Constellation \Con`stel*la"tion\, n. [F. constellation, L.
constellatio.]
1. A cluster or group of fixed stars, or dvision of the
heavens, designated in most cases by the name of some
animal, or of some mythologial personage, within whose
imaginary outline, as traced upon the heavens, the group
is included.
The constellations seem to have been almost
purposely named and delineated to cause as much
confusion and inconvenience as possible. --Sir J.
Herschel.
Note: In each of the constellations now recognized by
astronomers (about 90 in number) the brightest stars,
both named and unnamed, are designated nearly in the
order of brilliancy by the letters of the Greek
alphabet; as, [alpha] Tauri (Aldebaran) is the first
star of Taurus, [gamma] Orionis (Bellatrix) is the
third star of Orion.
2. An assemblage of splendors or excellences.
The constellations of genius had already begun to
show itself . . . which was to shed a glory over the
meridian and close of Philip's reign. --Prescott.
3. Fortune; fate; destiny. [Obs.]
It is constellation, which causeth all that a man
doeth. --Gower.
Consternation \Con`ster*na"tion\, n. [L. consternatio, fr.
consternare to overome, perplex, an accessory form of
consternere to trow down, prostrate; con + sternere to spread
out, throw down: cf. F. consternation. See {Stratum}.]
Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and
incapacitates for reflection; terror, combined with
amazement; dismay.
The chiefs around, In silence wrapped, in consternation
drowned. Attend the stern reply. --Pope.
Syn: Alarm; fright; amazement; astonishment; surprise; panic;
perturbation. See {Alarm}.
Constipate \Con"sti*pate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Constipated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Constipating}.] [L. constipatus, p. p. of
constipare; con- + stipare to crowd together. See {Costive}.]
1. To crowd or cram into a narrow compass; to press together
or condense. [Obs.]
Of cold the property is to condense and constipate.
--Bacon.
2. To stop (a channel) by filling it, and preventing passage
through it; as, to constipate the capillary vessels.
3. (Med.) To render costive; to cause constipation in.
Constipation \Con`sti*pa"tion\, n. [L. constipatio a crowding
together: cf. F. constipation.]
1. Act of crowding anything into a less compass, or the state
of being crowded or pressed together; condensation. [Obs.]
Fullness of matter, or a pretty close constipation .
. . of its particles. --Boyle.
2. A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are
infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled
with hardened f[ae]ces; costiveness.
Constituency \Con*stit"u*en*cy\, n.; pl. {Constituencies}.
A body of constituents, as the body of citizens or voters in
a representative district.
Constituent \Con*stit"u*ent\, a. [L. constituens, -entis, p. pr.
See {Constitute}.]
1. Serving to form, compose, or make up; elemental;
component.
Body, soul, and reason are the three parts
necessarily constituent of a man. --Dryden.
2. Having the power of electing or appointing.
A question of right arises between the constituent
and representative body. --Junius.
Constituent \Con*stit"u*ent\, n.
1. The person or thing which constitutes, determines, or
constructs.
Their first composure and origination require a
higher and nobler constituent than chance. --Sir M.
Hale
2. That which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an
essential part; a component; an element.
We know how to bring these constituents together,
and to cause them to form water. --Tyndall.
3. One for whom another acts; especially, one who is
represented by another in a legislative assembly; --
correlative to representative.
The electors in the district of a representative in
Congress, or in the legislature of a State, are
termed his constituents. --Abbot.
To appeal from the representatives to the
constituents. --Macaulay.
4. (Law) A person who appoints another to act for him as
attorney in fact. --Burrill.
Constitute \Con"sti*tute\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Constituted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Constituting}.] [L. constitutus, p. p. of
constiture to constitute; con- + statuere to place, set, fr.
status station, fr. stare to stand. See {Stand}.]
1. To cause to stand; to establish; to enact.
Laws appointed and constituted by lawful authority.
--Jer. Taylor.
2. To make up; to compose; to form.
Truth and reason constitute that intellectual gold
that defies destruction. --Johnson.
3. To appoint, depute, or elect to an office; to make and
empower.
Me didst Thou constitute a priest of thine.
--Wordsworth.
{Constituted authorities}, the officers of government,
collectively, as of a nation, city, town, etc. --Bartlett.
Constitute \Con"sti*tute\, n.
An established law. [Obs.] --T. Preston.
Constituter \Con"sti*tu`ter\, n.
One who constitutes or appoints.
Constitution \Con`sti*tu"tion\, n. [F. constitution, L.
constitute.]
1. The act or process of constituting; the action of
enacting, establishing, or appointing; enactment;
establishment; formation.
2. The state of being; that form of being, or structure and
connection of parts, which constitutes and characterizes a
system or body; natural condition; structure; texture;
conformation.
The physical constitution of the sun. --Sir J.
Herschel.
3. The aggregate of all one's inherited physical qualities;
the aggregate of the vital powers of an individual, with
reference to ability to endure hardship, resist disease,
etc.; as, a robust constitution.
Our constitutions have never been enfeebled by the
vices or luxuries of the old world. --Story.
4. The aggregate of mental qualities; temperament.
He defended himself with . . . less passion than was
expected from his constitution. --Clarendon.
5. The fundamental, organic law or principles of government
of men, embodied in written documents, or implied in the
institutions and usages of the country or society; also, a
written instrument embodying such organic law, and laying
down fundamental rules and principles for the conduct of
affairs.
Our constitution had begun to exist in times when
statesmen were not much accustomed to frame exact
definitions. --Macaulay.
Note: In England the constitution is unwritten, and may be
modified from time to time by act of Parliament. In the
United States a constitution cannot ordinarily be
modified, exept through such processes as the
constitution itself ordains.
6. An authoritative ordinance, regulation or enactment;
especially, one made by a Roman emperor, or one affecting
ecclesiastical doctrine or discipline; as, the
constitutions of Justinian.
The positive constitutions of our own churches.
--Hooker.
A constitution of Valentinian addressed to Olybrius,
then prefect of Rome, for the regulation of the
conduct of advocates. --George Long.
{Apostolic constitutions}. See under {Apostolic}.
Constitutional \Con`sti*tu"tion*al\, a. [f. F. constitutionnel.]
1. Belonging to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the
structure of body or mind; as, a constitutional infirmity;
constitutional ardor or dullness.
2. In accordance with, or authorized by, the constitution of
a state or a society; as, constitutional reforms.
3. Regulated by, dependent on, or secured by, a constitution;
as, constitutional government; constitutional rights.
--Hallam.
4. Relating to a constitution, or establishment form of
government; as, a constitutional risis.
The anient constitutional traditions of the state.
--Macaulay.
5. For the benefit or one's constitution or health; as, a
constitutional walk. [Colloq.]
{Constitutional law}, law that relates to the constitution,
as a permanent system of political and juridical
government, as distinguished from statutory and common
law, which relate to matters subordinate to such
constitution.
Constitutional \Con`sti*tu"tion*al\, n.
A walk or other exercise taken for one's health or
constitution. [Colloq.] --Thackeray.
The men trudged diurnal constitutionals along the
different roads. --Compton
Reade.
Constitutionalism \Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ism\, n.
The theory, principles, or authority of constitutional
government; attachment or adherence to a constitution or
constitutional government. --Carlyle.
Constitutionalist \Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ist\, n.
One who advocates a constitutional form of government; a
constitutionalist.
Constitutionality \Con`sti*tu`tion*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. -{ties}.
[f. F. constitutionalit['e].]
1. The quality or state of being constitutional, or inherent
in the natural frame.
2. The state of being consistent with the constitution or
frame of government, or of being authorized by its
provisions. --Burke.
Constitutionalities, bottomless cavilings and
questionings about written laws. --Carlyle.
Constitutionally \Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ly\, adv.
1. In accordance with the constitution or natural disposition
of the mind or body; naturally; as, he was
constitutionally timid.
The English were constitutionally humane. --Hallam.
2. In accordance with the constitution or fundamental law;
legally; as, he was not constitutionally appointed.
Nothing would indue them to acknowledge that [such]
an assembly . . . was constitutionally a Parliament.
--Macaulay.
Constitutionist \Con`sti*tu"tion*ist\, n.
One who adheres to the constitution of the country.
--Bolingbroke.
Constitutive \Con"sti*tu`tive\, a.
1. Tending or assisting to constitute or compose; elemental;
essential.
An ingredient and constitutive part of every virtue.
--Barrow.
2. Having power to enact, establish, or create; instituting;
determining. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Constitutively \Con"sti*tu`tive*ly\, adv.
In a constitutive manner.
Constrain \Con*strain"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Constrained}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Constraining}.] [OF. constraindre, F.
contrainde, L. constringere; con- + stringere to draw tight.
See {Strain}, and. cf. {Constrict}, {Constringe}.]
1. To secure by bonds; to chain; to bond or confine; to hold
tightly; to constringe.
He binds in chains The drowsy prophet, and his limbs
constrains. --Dryden.
When winter frosts constrain the fields with cold.
--Dryden.
2. To bring into a narrow compass; to compress.
How the strait stays the slender waist constrain.
--Gay.
3. To hold back by force; to restrain; to repress.
My sire in caves constrains the winds. --Dryden.
4. To compel; to force; to necessitate; to oblige.
The love of Christ constraineth us. --2. Cor. v.
14.
I was constrained to appeal unto C[ae]sar. --Acts
xxviii. 19.
5. To violate; to ravish. [Obs.] --Shak.
6. To produce in such a manner as to give an unnatural
effect; as, a constrained voice.
Syn: To compel; force; drive; impel; urge; press.
Constrainable \Con*strain"a*ble\, a. [Cf. OF. constraignable, F.
contraignable.]
Capable of being constrained; liable to constraint, or to
restraint. --Hooker.
Constrained \Con*strained"\, a.
Marked by constraint; not free; not voluntary; embarrassed;
as, a constrained manner; a constrained tone.
Constrainedly \Con*strain"ed*ly\, adv.
By constraint or compulsion; in a constrained manner.
--Hooker.
Constrainer \Con*strain"er\, n.
One who constrains.
Constraint \Con*straint"\, n. [OF. constrainte, F. constrainte.]
The act of constraining, or the state of being constrained;
that which compels to, or restrains from, action; compulsion;
restraint; necessity.
Long imprisonment and hard constraint. --Spenser.
Not by constraint, but by my choice, I came. --Dryden.
Syn: Compulsion; violence; necessity; urgency.
Usage: {Constraint}, {Compulsion}. Constraint implies strong
binding force; as, the constraint of necessity; the
constraint of fear. Compulsion implies the exertion of
some urgent impelling force; as, driven by compulsion.
The former prevents us from acting agreeably to our
wishes; the latter forces us to act contrary to our
will. Compulsion is always produced by some active
agent; a constraint may be laid upon us by the forms
of civil society, or by other outward circumstances.
--Crabb.
Constraintive \Con*straint"ive\, a.
Constraining; compulsory. [R.] ``Any constraintive vow.''
--R. Carew.
Constrict \Con*strict"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Constricted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Constricting}.] [L. constrictus, p. p. of
constringere. See {Constrain}.]
To draw together; to render narrower or smaller; to bind; to
cramp; to contract or cause to shrink.
Such things as constrict the fibers. --Arbuthnot.
Membranous organs inclosing a cavity which their
contraction serves to constrict. --Todd &
Bowman.
Constricted \Con*strict"ed\, a.
1. Drawn together; bound; contracted; cramped.
2. (Bot.) Contracted or compressed so as to be smaller in
certain places or parts than in others.
Constriction \Con*stric"tion\, n. [L. constrictio: cf. F.
constriction.]
1. The act of constricting by means of some inherent power or
by movement or change in the thing itself, as
distinguished from compression.
2. The state of being constricted; the point where a thing is
constricted; a narrowing or binding.
A constriction of the parts inservient to speech.
--Grew.
Constrictive \Con*strict"ive\, a.
Serving or tending to bind or constrict.
Constrictor \Con*strict"or\, n.
1. That which constricts, draws together, or contracts.
2. (Anat.) A muscle which contracts or closes an orifice, or
which compresses an organ; a sphincter.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A serpent that kills its prey by inclosing and
crushing it with its folds; as, the boa constrictor.
Constringe \Con*stringe"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Constringed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Constringing}.] [L. constringere. See
{onstrain}.]
To dawn together; to contract; to force to contract itself;
to constrict; to cause to shrink. [R.]
Strong liquors . . . intoxicate, constringe, harden the
fibers, and coagulate the fluids. --Arbuthnot.
Constringent \Con*strin"gent\, a. [L. constringens, p. pr.]
Having the quality of contracting, binding, or compressing.
--Thomson.
Construct \Con*struct"\ (k[o^]n*str[u^]kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Constructed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Constructing}.] [L.
constructus, p. p. of construere to bring together, to
construct; con- + struere to pile up, set in order. See
{Structure}, and cf. {Construe}.]
1. To put together the constituent parts of (something) in
their proper place and order; to build; to form; to make;
as, to construct an edifice.
2. To devise; to invent; to set in order; to arrange; as, to
construct a theory of ethics.
Syn: To build; erect; form; compile; make; fabricate;
originate; invent.
Construct \Con"struct\, a.
Formed by, or relating to, construction, interpretation, or
inference.
{Construct form} or {state} (Heb. Gram.), that of a noun used
before another which has the genitive relation to it.
Constructer \Con*struct"er\, n.
One who, or that which, constructs or frames.
Construction \Con*struc"tion\, n. [L. constructio: cf. F.
construction.]
1. The process or art of constructing; the act of building;
erection; the act of devising and forming; fabrication;
composition.
2. The form or manner of building or putting together the
parts of anything; structure; arrangement.
An astrolabe of peculiar construction. --Whewell.
3. (Gram.) The arrangement and connection of words in a
sentence; syntactical arrangement.
Some particles . . . in certain constructions have
the sense of a whole sentence contained in them.
--Locke.
4. The method of construing, interpreting, or explaining a
declaration or fact; an attributed sense or meaning;
understanding; explanation; interpretation; sense.
Any person . . . might, by the sort of construction
that would be put on this act, become liable to the
penalties of treason. --Hallam.
Strictly, the term [construction] signifies
determining the meaning and proper effect of
language by a consideration of the subject matter
and attendant circumstances in connection with the
words employed. --Abbott.
Interpretation properly precedes construction, but
it does not go beyond the written text. --Parsons.
{Construction of an equation} (Math.), the drawing of such
lines and figures as will represent geometrically the
quantities in the equation, and their relations to each
other.
{Construction train} (Railroad), a train for transporting men
and materials for construction or repairs.
Constructional \Con*struc"tion*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or deduced from, construction or
interpretation.
Constructionist \Con*struc"tion*ist\, n.
One who puts a certain construction upon some writing or
instrument, as the Constitutions of the United States; as, a
strict constructionist; a broad constructionist.
Constructive \Con*struct"ive\, a. [Cf. F. constructif.]
1. Having ability to construct or form; employed in
construction; as, to exhibit constructive power.
The constructive fingers of Watts. --Emerson.
2. Derived from, or depending on, construction or
interpretation; not directly expressed, but inferred.
{Constructive crimes} (Law), acts having effects analogous to
those of some statutory or common law crimes; as,
constructive treason. Constructive crimes are no longer
recognized by the courts.
{Constructive notice}, notice imputed by construction of law.
{Constructive trust}, a trust which may be assumed to exist,
though no actual mention of it be made.
Constructively \Con*struct"ive*ly\, adv.
In a constructive manner; by construction or inference.
A neutral must have notice of a blockade, either
actually by a formal information, or constructively by
notice to his government. --Kent.
Constructiveness \Con*struct"ive*ness\, n.
1. Tendency or ability to form or construct.
2. (Phren.) The faculty which enables one to construct, as in
mechanical, artistic, or literary matters.
Constructor \Con*struct"or\, n. [Cf. LL. constructor.]
A constructer.
Constructure \Con*struc"ture\ (?; 135), n.
That which is constructed or formed; an edifice; a fabric.
[Obs.]
Construe \Con*strue\ (?; Archaic ?), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Construed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Construing}.] [L. construere:
cf. F. construire. See {Construct}.]
1. To apply the rules of syntax to (a sentence or clause) so
as to exhibit the structure, arrangement, or connection
of, or to discover the sense; to explain the construction
of; to interpret; to translate.
2. To put a construction upon; to explain the sense or
intention of; to interpret; to understand.
Thus we are put to construe and paraphrase our own
words to free ourselves either from the ignorance or
malice of our enemies. --Bp.
Stilingfleet.
And to be dull was construed to be good. --Pope.
Constuprate \Con"stu*prate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Construprated}; p. p. & vb. n. {Constuprating}.] [L.
constupratus, p. p. of constuprare to ravish; con- + stuprare
to ravish, stuprum rape.]
To ravish; to debauch. --Burton.
Constupration \Con`stu*pra"tion\, n.
The act of ravishing; violation; defilement. --Bp. Hall.
Consubstantial \Con`sub*stan"tial\, a. [L. consubstantialis;
con- + substantialis: cf. F. consubstantiel. See
{Substantial}.]
Of the same kind or nature; having the same substance or
essence; coessential.
Christ Jesus . . . coeternal and consubstantial with
the Father and with the Holy Ghost. --Foxe.
Consubstantialism \Con`sub*stan"tial*ism\, n.
The doctrine of consubstantiation.
Consubstantialist \Con`sub*stan"tial*ist\, n.
One who believes in consubstantiation. --Barrow.
Consubstantiality \Con`sub*stan"ti*al"i*ty\ (?; 106), n. [Cf. F.
consubstantialit['e].]
Participation of the same nature; coexistence in the same
substance. ``His [the Son's] . . . consubstantiality with the
Father.'' --Hammend.
Consubstantially \Con`sub*stan"tial*ly\, adv.
In a consubstantial manner; with identity of substance or
nature.
Consubstantiate \Con`sub*stan"ti*ate\ (?; 106), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. {Consubstantiated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Consubstantiating}.]
To cause to unite, or to regard as united, in one common
substance or nature. [R.]
His soul must be consubstantiated with reason. --Jer.
Taylor.
Consubstantiate \Con`sub*stan"ti*ate\, v. i.
To profess or belive the doctrine of consubstantion.
The consubstantiating church and priest. --Dryden.
Consubstantiate \Con`sub*stan"ti*ate\, a.
Partaking of the same substance; united; consubstantial.
We must love her [the wife] that is thus
consubstantiate with us. --Feltham.
Consubstantiation \Con`sub*stan`ti*a"tion\ (?; 106), n.
1. An identity or union of substance.
2. (Theol.) The actual, substantial presence of the body of
Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the
Lord's Supper; impanation; -- opposed to
transubstantiation.
Note: This view, held by Luther himself, was called
consubstantiation by non Lutheran writers in
contradistinction to transsubstantiation, the Catholic
view.
Consuetude \Con"sue*tude\ (?; 144), n. [L. consuetudo. See
{Custom}.]
Custom, habit; usage. [R.]
To observe this consuetude or law. --Barnes
.
Consuetudinal \Con`sue*tu"di*nal\, a. [LL. consuetudinalis.]
According to custom; customary; usual. [R.]
Consuetudinary \Con`sue*tu"di*na"ry\, a. [LL. consuetudinarius.]
Customary.
Cussuetudinary \Cus`sue*tu"di*na*ry\, n.; pl.
{Consuetudinaries}.
A manual or ritual of customary devotional exercises.
Consul \Con"sul\, n. [L., prob. fr. consulere to deliberate. See
{Consult}.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) One of the two chief magistrates of the
republic.
Note: They were chosen annually, originally from the
patricians only, but later from the plebeians also.
2. A senator; a counselor. [Obs.]
Many of the consuls, raised and met, Are at the
duke's already. --Shak.
With kings and consuls of the earth. --Job. iii. 14
(Douay Ver. )
3. (Fr. Hist.) One of the three chief magistrates of France
from 1799 to 1804, who were called, respectively, first,
second, and third consul.
4. An official commissioned to reside in some foreign
country, to care for the commercial interests of the
citizens of the appointing government, and to protect its
seamen.
{Consul general}, a consul of the first rank, stationed in an
important place, or having jurisdiction in several places
or over several consuls.
{Vice consul}, a consular officer holding the place of a
consul during the consul's absence or after he has been
relieved.
Consulage \Con"sul*age\, n. (Com.)
A duty or tax paid by merchants for the protection of their
commerce by means of a consul in a foreign place.
Consular \Con"su*lar\, a. [L. consularis; cf. F. consulaire.]
Of or pertaining to a consul; performing the duties of a
consul; as, consular power; consular dignity; consular
officers.
Consulary \Con"su*la"ry\, a.
Consular. [Obs.] --Holland.
Consulate \Con"su*late\, n. [L. consulatus: cf. F. consulat.]
1. The office of a consul. --Addison.
2. The jurisdiction or residence of a consul. --Kent.
3. Consular government; term of office of a consul.
Consulship \Con"sul*ship\, n.
1. The office of a consul; consulate.
2. The term of office of a consul.
Consult \Con*sult"\ (k[o^]n*s[u^]lt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Consulted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Consulting}.] [L. consultare,
fr. consulere to consult: cf. f. consulter. Cf. {Counsel}.]
To seek the opinion or advice of another; to take counsel; to
deliberate together; to confer.
Let us consult upon to-morrow's business. --Shak.
All the laws of England have been made by the kings
England, consulting with the nobility and commons.
--Hobbes.
Consult \Con*sult"\, v. t.
1. To ask advice of; to seek the opinion of; to apply to for
information or instruction; to refer to; as, to consult a
physician; to consult a dictionary.
Men fergot, or feared, to consult . . .; they were
content to consult liberaries. --Whewell.
2. To have reference to, in judging or acting; to have regard
to; to consider; as, to consult one's wishes.
We are . . . to consult the necessities of life,
rather than matters of ornament and delight.
--L'Estrange.
3. To deliberate upon; to take for. [Obs.]
Manythings were there consulted for the future, yet
nothing was positively resolved. --Clarendon.
4. To bring about by counsel or contrivance; to devise; to
contrive. [Obs.]
Thou hast consulted shame to thy house by cutting
off many people. --Hab. ii. 10.
Consult \Con*sult"\ (? or ?), n.
1. The act of consulting or deliberating; consultation; also,
the result of consulation; determination; decision. [Obs.]
The council broke; And all grave consults dissolved
in smoke. --Dryden.
2. A council; a meeting for consultation. [Obs.] ``A consult
of coquettes.'' --Swift.
3. Agreement; concert [Obs.] --Dryden.
Consultary \Con*sult"a*ry\, a.
Formed by consultation; resulting from conference.
{Consultary response} (Law), the opinion of a court on a
special case. --Wharton.
Consultation \Con`sul*ta"tion\, n. [L. consultatio: cf. F.
consultation.]
1. The act of consulting or conferring; deliberation of two
or more persons on some matter, with a view to a decision.
Thus they doubtful consultations dark Ended.
--Milton.
2. A council or conference, as of physicians, held to
consider a special case, or of lawyers restained in a
cause.
{Writ of consultation} (Law), a writ by which a cause,
improperly removed by prohibition from one court to
another, is returned to the court from which it came; --
so called because the judges, on consultation, find the
prohibition ill-founded.
Consultative \Con*sult"a*tive\, a.
Pertaining to consultation; having the privilege or right of
conference. ``A consultative . . . power.'' --Abp. Bramhall.
Consultatory \Con*sult"a*to*ry\, a.
Formed by, or resulting from, consultation; advisory.
--Bancroft.
Consulter \Con*sult"er\, n.
One who consults, or asks counsel or information.
Consulting \Con*sult"ing\, a.
That consults.
{Consulting physician} (Med.), a physician who consults with
the attending practitioner regarding any case of disease.
Consultive \Con*sult"ive\, a.
Determined by, or pertaining to, consultation; deliberate;
consultative.
He that remains in the grace of God sins not by any
deliberative, consultive, knowing act. --Jer. Taylor.
Consumable \Con*sum"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being consumed; that may be destroyed, dissipated,
wasted, or spent. ``Consumable commodities.'' --Locke.
Consume \Con*sume"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Consumed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Consuming}.] [L. consumere to take wholly or
complectely, to consume; con- + sumere to take; sub + emere
to buv. See {Redeem}.]
To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, waste, or fire;
to use up; to expend; to waste; to burn up; to eat up; to
devour.
If he were putting to my house the brand That shall
consume it. --Shak.
Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where
neither moth nor rust doth consume. --Matt. vi. 20
(Rev. Ver. ).
Let me alone . . . that I may consume them. --Ex.
xxxii. 10.
Syn: To destroy; swallow up; ingulf; absorb; waste; exhaust;
spend; expend; squander; lavish; dissipate.
Consume \Con*sume"\, v. i.
To waste away slowly.
Therefore, let Renedick, like covered fire, Consume
away in sighs. --Shak.
Consumedly \Con*sum"ed*ly\, adv.
Excessively. [Low]
He's so consumedly pround of it. --Thackeray.
Consumer \Con*sum"er\, n.
One who, or that which, consumes; as, the consumer of food.
Consumingly \Con*sum"ing*ly\, adv.
In a consuming manner.
Consummate \Con*sum"mate\, a. [L. consummatus, p. p. or
consummare to accomplish, sum up; con- + summa sum. See
{Sum}.]
Carried to the utmost extent or degree; of the highest
quality; complete; perfect. ``A man of perfect and consummate
virtue.'' --Addison.
The little band held the post with consummate tenacity.
--Motley
Consummate \Con"sum*mate\ (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Consummated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Consummating}.]
To bring to completion; to raise to the highest point or
degree; to complete; to finish; to perfect; to achieve.
To consummate this business happily. --Shak.
Consummately \Con*sum"mate*ly\, adv.
In a consummate manner; completely. --T. Warton.
Consummation \Con`sum*ma"tion\, n. [L. consummatio.]
The act of consummating, or the state of being consummated;
completed; completion; perfection; termination; end (as of
the world or of life).
``Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. --Shak.
From its original to its consummation. --Addison.
Quiet consummation have, And renown['e]d be thy grave.
--Shak.
{Consummation of marrige}, completion of the connubial
relation by actual cohabition.
Consummative \Con*sum"ma*tive\, a.
Serving to consummate; completing. ``The final, the
consummative procedure of philosophy.'' --Sir W. Hamilton.
Consumption \Con*sump"tion\ (?; 215), n. [L. consumptio: cf. F.
consomption.]
1. The act or process of consuming by use, waste, etc.;
decay; destruction.
Every new advance of the price to the consumer is a
new incentive to him to retrench the quality of his
consumption. --Burke.
2. The state or process of being consumed, wasted, or
diminished; waste; diminution; loss; decay.
3. (Med.) A progressive wasting away of the body; esp., that
form of wasting, attendant upon pulmonary phthisis and
associated with cough, spitting of blood, hectic fever,
etc.; pulmonary phthisis; -- called also {pulmonary
consumption}.
{Consumption of the bowels} (Med.), inflammation and
ulceration of the intestines from tubercular disease.
Syn: Decline; waste; decay. See {Decline}.
Consumptive \Con*sump"tive\, a. [Cf. F. consomptif.]
1. Of or pertaining to consumption; having the quality of
consuming, or dissipating; destructive; wasting.
It [prayer] is not consumptive or our time. --Sharp.
A long consumptive war. --Addison.
2. (Med.) Affected with, or inclined to, consumption.
The lean, consumptive wench, with coughs decayed.
--Dryden.
Consumptive \Con*sump"tive\, n.
One affected with consumption; as, a resort for consumptives.
Consumptively \Con*sump"tive*ly\, adv.
In a way tending to or indication consumption. --Beddoes.
Consumptiveness \Con*sump"tive*ness\, n.
A state of being consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption.
Contabescent \Con`ta*bes"cent\, a. [L. contabescenc, p. pr. of
contabescere.]
Wasting away gradually. --Darwin. -- {Con*ta*bes"cence}, n.
Contact \Con"tact\, n. [L. contactus, fr. contingere, -tactum,
to touch on all sides. See {Contingent}.]
1. A close union or junction of bodies; a touching or
meeting.
2. (Geom.) The property of two curves, or surfaces, which
meet, and at the point of meeting have a common direction.
3. (Mining) The plane between two adjacent bodies of
dissimilar rock. --Raymond.
{Contact level}, a delicate level so pivoted as to tilt when
two parts of a measuring apparatus come into contact with
each other; -- used in precise determinations of lengths
and in the accurate graduation of instruments.
Contaction \Con*tac"tion\, n.
Act of touching. [Obs.]
Contagion \Con*ta"gion\, n. [L. contagio: cf. F. contagion. See
{Contact}.]
1. (Med.) The transmission of a disease from one person to
another, by direct or indirect contact.
Note: The term has been applied by some to the action of
miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable matter,
bogs, fens, etc., but in this sense it is now
abandoned. --Dunglison.
And will he steal out of his wholesome bed To
dare the vile contagion of the night? --Shak.
2. That which serves as a medium or agency to transmit
disease; a virus produced by, or exhalation proceeding
from, a diseased person, and capable of reproducing the
disease.
3. The act or means of communicating any influence to the
mind or heart; as, the contagion of enthusiasm. ``The
contagion of example.'' --Eikon Basilike.
When lust . . . Lets in defilement to the inward
parts, The soul grows clotted by contagion.
--Milton.
4. Venom; poison. [Obs.] ``I'll touch my point with this
contagion.'' --Shak.
Syn: See {Infection}.
Contagioned \Con*ta"gioned\, a.
Affected by contagion.
Contagionist \Con*ta"gion*ist\, n.
One who believes in the contagious character of certain
diseases, as of yellow fever.
Contagious \Con*ta"gious\, a. [L. contagiosus: cf. F.
contagieux.]
1. (Med.) Communicable by contact, by a virus, or by a bodily
exhalation; catching; as, a contagious disease.
2. Conveying or generating disease; pestilential; poisonous;
as, contagious air.
3. Spreading or communicable from one to another; exciting
similar emotions or conduct in others.
His genius rendered his courage more contagious.
--Wirt.
The spirit of imitation is contagious. --Ames.
Syn: {Contagious}, {Infectious}.
Usage: These words have been used in very diverse senses;
but, in general, a contagious disease has been
considered as one which is caught from another by
contact, by the breath, by bodily effluvia, etc.;
while an infectious disease supposes some entirely
different cause acting by a hidden influence, like the
miasma of prison ships, of marshes, etc., infecting
the system with disease. ``This distinction, though
not universally admitted by medical men, as to the
literal meaning of the words, certainly applies to
them in their figurative use. Thus we speak of the
contagious influence of evil associates; their
contagion of bad example, the contagion of fear, etc.,
when we refer to transmission by proximity or contact.
On the other hand, we speak of infection by bad
principles, etc., when we consider anything as
diffused by some hidden influence.
Contagiously \Con*ta"gious*ly\, adv.
In a contagious manner.
Contagiousness \Con*ta"gious*ness\, n.
Quality of being contagious.
Contagium \Con*ta"gi*um\, n. [L.]
Contagion; contagious matter. ``Contagium of measles.''
--Tyndall.
Contain \Con*tain"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Contained}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Containing}.] [OE. contenen, conteinen, F. contenir,
fr. L. continere, -tentum; con- + tenere to hold. See
{Tenable}, and cf. {Countenance}.]
1. To hold within fixed limits; to comprise; to include; to
inclose; to hold.
Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens can not
contain thee; how much less this house! --2 Chron.
vi. 18.
When that this body did contain a spirit. --Shak.
What thy stores contain bring forth. --Milton.
2. To have capacity for; to be able to hold; to hold; to be
equivalent to; as, a bushel contains four pecks.
3. To put constraint upon; to restrain; to confine; to keep
within bounds. [Obs., exept as used reflexively.]
The king's person contains the unruly people from
evil occasions. --Spenser.
Fear not, my lord: we can contain ourselves. --Shak.
Contain \Con*tain"\, v. i.
To restrain desire; to live in continence or chastity.
But if they can not contain, let them marry. --1 Cor.
vii. 9.
Containable \Con*tain"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being contained or comprised. --Boyle.
Containant \Con*tain"ant\, n.
A container.
Container \Con*tain"er\, n.
One who, or that which, contains.
Containment \Con*tain"ment\, n.
That which is contained; the extent; the substance. [Obs.]
The containment of a rich man's estate. --Fuller.
Contaminable \Con*tam"i*na*ble\ (k[o^]n*t[a^]m"[i^]*n[.a]*b'l),
a.
Capable of being contaminated.
Contaminate \Con*tam"i*nate\ (k[o^]n*t[a^]m"[i^]*n[=a]t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. {Contaminated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Contaminating}.] [L. contaminatus, p. p. of contaminare to
bring into contact, to contaminate, fr. contamen contagion,
for contagmen; con- + root of tangere to touch. See
{Contact}.]
To soil, stain, or corrupt by contact; to tarnish; to sully;
to taint; to pollute; to defile.
Shall we now Contaminate our figures with base bribes?
--Shak.
I would neither have simplicity imposed upon, nor
virtue contaminated. --Goldsmith.
Syn: To pollute; defile; sully; taint; tarnish; soil; stain;
corrupt.
Contaminate \Con*tam"i*nate\ (-n[asl]t), a.
Contaminated; defiled; polluted; tainted. ``Contaminate
drink.'' --Daniel.
Contamination \Con*tam`i*na"tion\
(k[o^]n*t[a^]m`[i^]*n[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [L. contaminatio.]
The act or process of contaminating; pollution; defilement;
taint; also, that which contaminates.
Contamitive \Con*tam"i*tive\ (k[o^]n*t[a^]m"[i^]*n[.a]*t[i^]v),
a.
Tending or liable to contaminate.
Contango \Con*tan"go\ (k[o^]n*t[a^][ng]"g[-o]), n.; pl.
{Contangoes}. [Prob. a corruption of contingent.]
1. (Stock Exchange) The premium or interest paid by the buyer
to the seller, to be allowed to defer paying for the stock
purchased until the next fortnightly settlement day.
[Eng.]
2. (Law) The postponement of payment by the buyer of stock on
the payment of a premium to the seller. See
{Backwardation}. --N. Biddle.
Contection \Con*tec"tion\ (-t[e^]k"sh[u^]n), n. [L. contegere,
-tectum, to cover up.]
A covering. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Contek \Con"tek\ (k[o^]n"t[e^]k), n. [OE. conteck, conteke,
contake, perh. a corruption either of contact or contest.]
1. Quarrel; contention; contest. [Obs.]
Contek with bloody knife. --Chaucer.
2. Contumely; reproach. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Contemn \Con*temn"\ (k[o^]n*t[e^]m"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Contemned} (-t[e^]md); p. pr. & vb. n. {Contemning}
(-t[e^]m"n[i^]ng or -t[e^]m"[i^]ng).] [L. contemnere,
-temptum; con- + temnere to slight, despise: cf. OF.
contemner.]
To view or treat with contempt, as mean and despicable; to
reject with disdain; to despise; to scorn.
Thy pompous delicacies I contemn. --Milton.
One who contemned divine and human laws. --Dryden.
Syn: To despise; scorn; disdain; spurn; slight; neglect;
underrate; overlook.
Usage: To {Contemn}, {Despise}, {Scorn}, {Disdain}. Contemn
is the generic term, and is applied especially to
objects, qualities, etc., which are deemed
contemptible, and but rarely to individuals; to
despise is to regard or treat as mean, unbecoming, or
worthless; to scorn is stronger, expressing a quick,
indignant contempt; disdain is still stronger,
denoting either unwarrantable pride and haughtiness or
an abhorrence of what is base.
Contemner \Con*tem"ner\ (k[o^]n*t[e^]m"n[~e]r or -t[e^]m"[~e]r),
n.
One who contemns; a despiser; a scorner. ``Contemners of the
gods.'' --South.
Contemningly \Con*tem"ning*ly\, adv.
Contemptuously. [R.]
Contemper \Con*tem"per\ (k[o^]n*t[e^]m"p[~e]r), v. t. [L.
contemperare, -temperatum; con- + temperare to temper. Cf.
{Contemperate}.]
To modify or temper; to allay; to qualify; to moderate; to
soften. [Obs.]
The antidotes . . . have allayed its bitterness and
contempered its malignancy. --Johnson.
Contemperate \Con*tem"per*ate\ (k[o^]n*t[e^]m"p[~e]r*[=a]t), v.
t. [See {Contemper}.]
To temper; to moderate. [Obs.]
Moisten and contemperate the air. --Sir T.
Browne.
Contemperation \Con*tem`per*a"tion\ (-[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
1. The act of tempering or moderating. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
2. Proportionate mixture or combination. ``Contemperation of
light and shade.'' --Boyle.
Contemperature \Con*tem"per*a*ture\ (-t[e^]m"p[~e]r*[.a]*t[-u]r;
135), n.
The condition of being tempered; proportionate mixture;
temperature. [Obs.]
The different contemperature of the elements. --South.
Contemplance \Con*tem"plance\, n.
Contemplation. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Contemplant \Con*tem"plant\, a. [L. contemplans, p. pr.]
Given to contemplation; meditative. [R.] --Coleridge.
Contemplate \Con"tem*plate\ (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Contemplated} (# or #); p. pr. & vb. n. {Contemplating}.]
[L. contemplatus, p. p. of contemplari to contemplate; con- +
templum a space for observation marked out by the augur. See
{Temple}.]
1. To look at on all sides or in all its bearings; to view or
consider with continued attention; to regard with
deliberate care; to meditate on; to study.
To love, at least contemplate and admire, What I see
excellent. --Milton.
We thus dilate Our spirits to the size of that they
contemplate. --Byron.
2. To consider or have in view, as contingent or probable; to
look forward to; to purpose; to intend.
There remain some particulars to complete the
information contemplated by those resolutions. --A.
Hamilton.
If a treaty contains any stipulations which
contemplate a state of future war. --Kent.
Syn: To view; behold; study; ponder; muse; meditate on;
reflect on; consider; intend; design; plan; propose;
purpose. See {Meditate}.
Contemplate \Con"tem*plate\, v. i.
To consider or think studiously; to ponder; to reflect; to
muse; to meditate.
So many hours must I contemplate. --Shak.
Contemplation \Con`tem*pla"tion\, n. [F. contemplation, L.
contemplatio.]
1. The act of the mind in considering with attention;
continued attention of the mind to a particular subject;
meditation; musing; study.
In contemplation of created things, By steps we may
ascend to God. --Milton.
Contemplation is keeping the idea which is brought
into the mind for some time actually in view.
--Locke.
2. Holy meditation. [Obs.]
To live in prayer and contemplation. --Shak.
3. The act of looking forward to an event as about to happen;
expectation; the act of intending or purposing.
In contemplation of returning at an early date, he
left. --Reid.
{To have in contemplation}, to inted or purpose, or to have
under consideration.
Contemplatist \Con*tem"pla*tist\, n.
A contemplator. [R.] --I. Taylor.
Contemplative \Con*tem"pla*tive\, a. [F. contemplatif, L.
contemplativus.]
1. Pertaining to contemplation; addicted to, or employed in,
contemplation; meditative.
Fixed and contemplative their looks. --Denham.
2. Having the power of contemplation; as, contemplative
faculties. --Ray.
Contemplative \Con*tem"pla*tive\, n. (R. C. Ch.)
A religious or either sex devoted to prayer and meditation,
rather than to active works of charity.
Contemplatively \Con*tem"pla*tive*ly\, adv.
With contemplation; in a contemplative manner.
Contemplativeness \Con*tem"pla*tive*ness\, n.
The state of being contemplative; thoughtfulness.
Contemplator \Con"tem*pla`tor\ (?; 277), n. [L.]
One who contemplates. --Sir T. Browne.
Contemporaneity \Con*tem`po*ra*ne"i*ty\, n.
The state of being contemporaneous.
The lines of contemporaneity in the o["o]litic system.
--J. Philips.
Contemporaneous \Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous\, a. [L. contemporaneus;
con- + tempus time. See {Temporal}, and cf.
{Contemporaneous}.]
Living, existing, or occurring at the same time;
contemporary.
The great age of Jewish philosophy, that of Aben Esra,
Maimonides, and Kimchi, had been contemporaneous with
the later Spanish school of Arabic philosophy. --Milman
-- {Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness}, n.
Contemporaneously \Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly\, adv.
At the same time with some other event.
Contemporariness \Con*tem"po*ra*ri*ness\, n.
Existence at the same time; contemporaneousness. --Howell.
Contemporary \Con*tem"po*ra*ry\, a. [Pref. con- + L. temporarius
of belonging to time, tempus time. See {Temporal}, and cf.
{Contemporaneous}.]
1. Living, occuring, or existing, at the same time; done in,
or belonging to, the same times; contemporaneous.
This king [Henry VIII.] was contemporary with the
greatest monarchs of Europe. --Strype.
2. Of the same age; coeval.
A grove born with himself he sees, And loves his old
contemporary trees. --Cowley.
Contemporary \Con*tem"po*ra*ry\, n.; pl. {Contemporaries}.
One who lives at the same time with another; as, Petrarch and
Chaucer were contemporaries.
Contempt \Con*tempt"\ (?; 215), n. [L. contemptus, fr.
contemnere: cf. OF. contempt. See {Contemn}.]
1. The act of contemning or despising; the feeling with which
one regards that which is esteemed mean, vile, or
worthless; disdain; scorn.
Criminal contempt of public feeling. --Macaulay.
Nothing, says Longinus, can be great, the contempt
of which is great. --Addison.
2. The state of being despised; disgrace; shame.
Contempt and begarry hangs upon thy back. --Shak.
3. An act or expression denoting contempt.
Little insults and contempts. --Spectator.
The contempt and anger of his lip. --Shak.
4. (Law) Disobedience of the rules, orders, or process of a
court of justice, or of rules or orders of a legislative
body; disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent language or
behavior in presence of a court, tending to disturb its
proceedings, or impair the respect due to its authority.
Note: Contempt is in some jurisdictions extended so as to
include publications reflecting injuriously on a court
of justice, or commenting unfairly on pending
proceedings; in other jurisdictions the courts are
prohibited by statute or by the constitution from thus
exercising this process.
Syn: Disdain; scorn; derision; mockery; contumely; neglect;
disregard; slight.
Contemptibility \Con*tempt`i*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being contemptible; contemptibleness. --Speed.
Contemptible \Con*tempt"i*ble\, a.
1. Worthy of contempt; deserving of scorn or disdain; mean;
vile; despicable. --Milton.
The arguments of tyranny are ascontemptible as its
force is dreadful. --Burke.
2. Despised; scorned; neglected; abject. --Locke.
3. Insolent; scornful; contemptuous. [Obs.]
If she should make tender of her love, 't is very
possible he 'll scorn it; for the man . . . hath a
contemptible spirit. --Shak.
Syn: Despicable; abject; vile; mean; base; paltry; worthless;
sorry; pitiful; scurrile. See {Contemptuous}.
Usage: {Contemptible}, {Despicable}, {Pitiful}, {Paltry}.
Despicable is stronger than contemptible, as despise
is stronger than contemn. It implies keen
disapprobation, with a mixture of anger. A man is
despicable chiefly for low actions which mark his
life, such as servility, baseness, or mean adulation.
A man is contemptible for mean qualities which
distinguish his character, especially those which show
him to be weak, foolish, or worthless. Treachery is
despicable, egotism is contemptible. Pitiful and
paltry are applied to cases which are beneath anger,
and are simply contemptible in a high degree.
Contemptibleness \Con*tempt"i*ble*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being contemptible, or of being
despised.
Contemptibly \Con*tempt"i*bly\, adv.
In a contemptible manner.
Contemptuous \Con*temp"tu*ous\ (?; 135), a.
Manifesting or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful;
haughty; insolent; disdainful.
A proud, contemptuous behavior. --Hammond.
Savage invective and contemptuous sarcasm. --Macaulay.
Rome . . . entertained the most contemptuous opinion of
the Jews. --Atterbury.
Syn: Scornful; insolent; haughty; disdainful; supercilious;
insulting; contumelious.
Usage: {Contemptuous}, {Contemptible}. These words, from
their similarity of sound, are sometimes erroneously
interchanged, as when a person speaks of having ``a
very contemptible opinion of another.'' Contemptible
is applied to that which is the object of contempt;
as, contemptible conduct; acontemptible fellow.
Contemptuous is applied to that which indicates
contempt; as, a contemptuous look; a contemptuous
remark; contemptuous treatment. A person, or whatever
is personal, as an action, an expression, a feeling,
an opinion, may be either contemptuous or
contemptible; a thing may be contemptible, but can not
be contemptuous.
Contemptuously \Con*temp"tu*ous*ly\, adv.
In a contemptuous manner; with scorn or disdain;
despitefully.
The apostles and most eminent Christians were poor, and
used contemptuously. --Jer. Taylor.
Contemptuousness \Con*temp"tu*ous*ness\, n.
Disposition to or manifestion of contempt; insolence;
haughtiness.
Contend \Con*tend"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Contended}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Contending}.] [OF. contendre, L. contendere, -tentum;
con- + tendere to strech. See {Tend}.]
1. To strive in opposition; to contest; to dispute; to vie;
to quarrel; to fight.
For never two such kingdoms did contend Without much
fall of blood. --Shak.
The Lord said unto me, Distress not the Moabites,
neither contend with them in battle. --Deut. ii. 9.
In ambitious strength I did Contend against thy
valor. --Shak.
2. To struggle or exert one's self to obtain or retain
possession of, or to defend.
You sit above, and see vain men below Contend for
what you only can bestow. --Dryden.
3. To strive in debate; to engage in discussion; to dispute;
to argue.
The question which our author would contend for.
--Locke.
Many things he fiercely contended about were
trivial. --Dr. H. More.
Syn: To struggle; fight; combat; vie; strive; oppose;
emulate; contest; litigate; dispute; debate.
Contend \Con*tend"\, v. t.
To struggle for; to contest. [R.]
Carthage shall contend the world with Rome.Dryden.
Contendent \Con*tend"ent\, n. [L. contendens, p. pr.]
An antagonist; a contestant. [Obs.]
In all notable changes and revolutions the contendents
have been still made a prey to the third party.
--L'Estrange.
Contender \Con*tend"er\, n.
One who contends; a contestant.
Contendress \Con*tend"ress\, n.
A female contestant. [R.]
Contenement \Con*ten"e*ment\ (k[o^]n*t[e^]n"[-e]*ment), n.
[Pref. con- + tenement.] (Law)
That which is held together with another thing; that which is
connected with a tenement, or thing holden, as a certain
quantity of land adjacent to a dwelling, and necessary to the
reputable enjoyment of the dwelling; appurtenance. --Burrill.
Content \Con*tent"\ (k[o^]n*t[e^]nt"), a. [F. content, fr. L.
contentus, p. p. of contenire to hold together, restrain. See
{Contain}.]
Contained within limits; hence, having the desires limited by
that which one has; not disposed to repine or grumble;
satisfied; contented; at rest.
Having food and rai ment, let us be therewith content.
--1 Tim. vi.
8.
Content \Con"tent\ (k[o^]n"t[e^]nt or k[o^]n*t[e^]nt"; 277), n.;
usually in pl., {Contents}.
1. That which is contained; the thing or things held by a
receptacle or included within specified limits; as, the
contents of a cask or bale or of a room; the contents of a
book.
I shall prove these writings . . . authentic, and
the contents true, and worthy of a divine original.
--Grew.
2. Power of containing; capacity; extent; size. [Obs.]
Strong ship's, of great content. --Bacon.
3. (Geom.) Area or quantity of space or matter contained
within certain limits; as, solid contents; superficial
contents.
The geometrical content, figure, and situation of
all the lands of a kingdom. --Graunt.
{Table of contents}, or {Contents}, a table or list of topics
in a book, showing their order and the place where they
may be found: a summary.
Content \Con*tent"\, v. t. [F. contenter, LL. contentare, fr. L.
contentus, p. p. See {Content}, a.]
1. To satisfy the desires of; to make easy in any situation;
to appease or quiet; to gratify; to please.
Do not content yourselves with obscure and confused
ideas, where clearer are to be attained. --I. Watts.
Pilate, willing to content the people, released
Barabbas unto them. --Mark xv. 15.
2. To satisfy the expectations of; to pay; to requite.
Come the next Sabbath, and I will content you.
--Shak.
Syn: To satisfy; appease; plese. See {Satiate}.
Content \Con*tent"\, n.
1. Rest or quietness of the mind in one's present condition;
freedom from discontent; satisfaction; contentment;
moderate happiness.
Such is the fullness of my heart's content. --Shak.
2. Acquiescence without examination. [Obs.]
The sense they humbly take upon content. --Pope.
3. That which contents or satisfies; that which if attained
would make one happy.
So will I in England work your grace's full content.
--Shak.
4. (Eng. House of Lords) An expression of assent to a bill or
motion; an affirmative vote; also, a member who votes
``Content.''.
Supposing the number of ``Contents'' and ``Not
contents'' strictly equal in number and consequence.
--Burke.
Contentation \Con`ten*ta"tion\, n. [LL. contentatio.]
Content; satisfaction. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Contented \Con*tent"ed\, a.
Content; easy in mind; satisfied; quiet; willing. --
{Con*tent"ed*ly}, adv. -- {Con*tent"ed*ness}, n.
Contentful \Con*tent"ful\, a.
Full of content. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Contention \Con*ten"tion\, n. [F. contention, L. contentio. See
{Contend}.]
1. A violent effort or struggle to obtain, or to resist,
something; contest; strife.
I would my arms could match thee in contention.
--Shak.
2. Strife in words; controversy; altercation; quarrel;
dispute; as, a bone of contention.
Contentions and strivings about the law. --Titus
iii. 9.
3. Vehemence of endeavor; eagerness; ardor; zeal.
An end . . . worthy our utmost contention to obtain.
--Rogers.
4. A point maintained in an argument, or a line of argument
taken in its support; the subject matter of discussion or
strife; a position taken or contended for.
All men seem agreed what is to be done; the
contention is how the subject is to be divided and
defined. --Bagehot.
This was my original contention, and I still
maintain that you should abide by your former
decision. --Jowett.
Syn: Struggle; strife; contest; quarrel; combat; conflict;
feud; litigation; controversy; dissension; variance;
disagreement; debate; competition; emulation.
Usage: {Contention}, {Strife}. A struggle between two parties
is the idea common to these two words. Strife is a
struggle for mastery; contention is a struggle for the
possession of some desired object, or the
accomplishment of some favorite end. Neither of the
words is necessarily used in a bad sense, since there
may be a generous strife or contention between two
friends as to which shall incur danger or submit to
sacrifices. Ordinarily, however, these words denote a
struggle arising from bad passions. In that case,
strife usually springs from a quarrelsome temper, and
contention from, a selfish spirit which seeks its own
aggrandizement, or is fearful lest others should
obtain too much. Strife has more reference to the
manner than to the object of a struggle, while
contention takes more account of the end to be gained.
Contentious \Con*ten"tious\, a. [L. contentiosus: cf. F.
contentieux.]
1. Fond of contention; given to angry debate; provoking
dispute or contention; quarrelsome.
Despotic and contentious temper. --Macaulay.
2. Relating to contention or strife; involving or
characterized by contention. --Spenser.
More cheerful, though not less contentious, regions.
--Brougham.
3. (Law) Contested; litigated; litigious; having power to
decide controversy.
{Contentious jurisdiction} (Eng. Eccl. Law), jurisdiction
over matters in controversy between parties, in
contradistinction to {voluntary jurisdiction}, or that
exercised upon matters not opposed or controverted.
Syn: Quarrelsome; pugnacious; dissentious; wrangling;
litigious; perverse; peevish. -- {Con*ten"tious*ly},
adv. -- {Con*ten"tious*ness}, n.
Contentless \Con*tent"less\, a. [Content + -less.]
Discontented; dissatisfied. [R.] --Shak.
Contently \Con*tent"ly\, adv.
In a contented manner. [Obs.]
Contentment \Con*tent"ment\ (k[o^]n*t[e^]nt"ment), n. [Cf. F.
contentement. See {Content}, v. t.]
1. The state of being contented or satisfied; content.
Contentment without external honor is humility.
--Grew.
Godliness with contentment is great gain. --1 Tim.
vi. 6.
2. The act or process of contenting or satisfying; as, the
contentment of avarice is impossible.
3. Gratification; pleasure; satisfaction. [Obs.]
At Paris the prince spent one whole day to give his
mind some contentment in viewing of a famous city.
--Sir H.
Wotton.
Contents \Con*tents\ (? or ?; 277), n. pl.
See {Content}, n.
Conterminable \Con*ter"mi*na*ble\, a.
Having the same bounds; terminating at the same time or
place; conterminous.
Love and life not conterminable. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Conterminal \Con*ter"mi*nal\, a. [LL. conterminalis.]
Conterminous.
Conterminant \Con*ter"mi*nant\, a.
Having the same limits; ending at the same time;
conterminous. --Lamb.
Conterminate \Con*ter"mi*nate\, a. [L. conterminare to border
upon, fr. conterminus conterminous; con- + terminus border.]
Having the same bounds; conterminous. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Conterminous \Con*ter"mi*nous\, a. [L. conterminus. Cf.
{Conterminous}.]
Having the same bounds, or limits; bordering upon;
contiguous.
This conformed so many of them as were conterminous to
the colonies and garrisons, to the Roman laws. --Sir M.
Hale.
Conterranean \Con`ter*ra"ne*an\, Conterraneous
\Con`ter*ra"ne*ous\, a. [L. conterraneus; con- + terra country.]
Of or belonging to the same country. --Howell.
Contesseration \Con*tes`ser*a"tion\, n. [L. contesseratio, from
contesserare to contract friendship by means of the tesserae
(friendship tokens).]
An assemblage; a collection; harmonious union. [Obs.]
That person of his [George Herbert], which afforded so
unusual a contesseration of elegancies. --Oley.
Contest \Con*test"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Contested}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Contesting}.] [F. contester, fr. L. contestari to
call to witness, contestari litem to introduce a lawsuit by
calling witnesses, to bring an action; con- + testari to be a
witness, testic witness. See {Testify}.]
1. To make a subject of dispute, contention, litigation, or
emulation; to contend for; to call in question; to
controvert; to oppose; to dispute.
The people . . . contested not what was done.
--Locke.
Few philosophical aphorisms have been more frequenty
repeated, few more contested than this. --J. D.
Morell.
2. To strive earnestly to hold or maintain; to struggle to
defend; as, the troops contested every inch of ground.
3. (Law) To make a subject of litigation; to defend, as a
suit; to dispute or resist; as a claim, by course of law;
to controvert.
{To contest an election}. (Polit.)
(a) To strive to be elected.
(b) To dispute the declared result of an election.
Syn: To dispute; controvert; debate; litigate; oppose; argue;
contend.
Contest \Con*test"\, v. i.
To engage in contention, or emulation; to contend; to strive;
to vie; to emulate; -- followed usually by with.
The difficulty of an argument adds to the pleasure of
contesting with it, when there are hopes of victory.
--Bp. Burnet.
Of man, who dares in pomp with Jove contest? --Pope.
Contest \Con"test\, n.
1. Earnest dispute; strife in argument; controversy; debate;
altercation.
Leave all noisy contests, all immodest clamors and
brawling language. --I. Watts.
2. Earnest struggle for superiority, victory, defense, etc.;
competition; emulation; strife in arms; conflict; combat;
encounter.
The late battle had, in effect, been a contest
between one usurper and another. --Hallam.
It was fully expected that the contest there would
be long and fierce. --Macaulay.
Syn: Conflict; combat; battle; encounter; shock; struggle;
dispute; altercation; debate; controvesy; difference;
disagreement; strife.
Usage: {Contest}, {Conflict}, {Combat}, {Encounter}. Contest
is the broadest term, and had originally no reference
to actual fighting. It was, on the contrary, a legal
term signifying to call witnesses, and hence came to
denote first a struggle in argument, and then a
struggle for some common object between opposing
parties, usually one of considerable duration, and
implying successive stages or acts. Conflict denotes
literally a close personal engagement, in which sense
it is applied to actual fighting. It is, however, more
commonly used in a figurative sense to denote
strenuous or direct opposition; as, a mental conflict;
conflicting interests or passions; a conflict of laws.
An encounter is a direct meeting face to face. Usually
it is a hostile meeting, and is then very nearly
coincident with conflict; as, an encounter of opposing
hosts. Sometimes it is used in a looser sense; as,
``this keen encounter of our wits.'' --Shak. Combat is
commonly applied to actual fighting, but may be used
figuratively in reference to a strife or words or a
struggle of feeling.
Contestable \Con*test"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. contestable.]
Capable of being contested; debatable.
Contestant \Con*test"ant\, n. [Cf. F. contestant.]
One who contests; an opponent; a litigant; a disputant; one
who claims that which has been awarded to another.
Contestation \Con`tes*ta"tion\, n. [L. contestatio testimony:
cf. F. contestation a contesting.]
1. The act of contesting; emulation; rivalry; strife;
dispute. ``Loverlike contestation.'' --Milton.
After years spent in domestic, unsociable
contestations, she found means to withdraw.
--Clarendon.
2. Proof by witness; attestation; testimony. [Obs.]
A solemn contestation ratified on the part of God.
--Barrow.
Contestingly \Con*test"ing*ly\, adv.
In a contending manner.
Contex \Con*tex\, v. t.
To context. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Context \Con*text"\, a. [L. contextus, p. p. of contexere to
weave, to unite; con- + texere to weave. See {Text}.]
Knit or woven together; close; firm. [Obs.]
The coats, without, are context and callous. --Derham.
Context \Con"text\, n. [L. contextus; cf. F. contexte .]
The part or parts of something written or printed, as of
Scripture, which precede or follow a text or quoted sentence,
or are so intimately associated with it as to throw light
upon its meaning.
According to all the light that the contexts afford.
--Sharp.
Context \Con*text"\, v. t.
To knit or bind together; to unite closely. [Obs.] --Feltham.
The whole world's frame, which is contexted only by
commerce and contracts. --R. Junius.
Contextural \Con*tex"tur*al\ (?; 135), a.
Pertaining to contexture or arrangement of parts; producing
contexture; interwoven. --Dr. John Smith (1666).
Contexture \Con*tex"ture\ (?; 135), n. [Cf. F. contexture.]
The arrangement and union of the constituent parts of a
thing; a weaving together of parts; structural character of a
thing; system; constitution; texture.
That wonderful contexture of all created beings.
--Dryden.
He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather
sturdy than dainty. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Contextured \Con*tex"tured\ (?; 135), a.
Formed into texture; woven together; arranged; composed. [R.]
--Carlyle.
Conticent \Con"ti*cent\, a. [L. conticens, p. pr. of conticere;
con- + tacere to be silent.]
Silent. [R.] ``The guests sit conticent.'' --Thackeray.
Contignation \Con`tig*na"tion\, n. [L. contignatio, fr.
contignare to join with beams; con- + tignum beam.]
1. The act or process of framing together, or uniting, as
beams in a fabric. --Burke.
2. A framework or fabric, as of beams. --Sir H. Wotton.
Contiguate \Con*tig"u*ate\, a. [LL. contiguatus.]
Contiguous; touching. [Obs.] --Holland.
Contiguity \Con`ti*gu"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. contiguit['e], LL.
contiguitas.]
The state of being contiguous; intimate association;
nearness; proximity.
The convicinity and contiguity of the two parishes.
--T. Warton.
Contiguous \Con*tig"u*ous\, a. [L. contiguus; akin to contigere
to touch on all sides. See {Contingent}.]
In actual contact; touching; also, adjacent; near;
neighboring; adjoining.
The two halves of the paper did not appear fully
divided . . . but seemed contiguous at one of their
angles. --Sir I.
Newton.
Sees no contiguous palace rear its head. --Goldsmith.
{Contiguous angles}. See {Adjacent angles}, under {Angle}.
Syn: Adjoining; adjacent. See {Adjacent}. --
{Con*tig"u*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Con*tig"u*ous*ness}, n.
Continence \Con"ti*nence\, Continency \Con"ti*nen*cy\, n. [F.
continence, L. continentia. See {Continent}, and cf.
{Countenance}.]
1. Self-restraint; self-command.
He knew what to say; he knew also, when to leave
off, -- a continence which is practiced by few
writers. --Dryden.
2. The restraint which a person imposes upon his desires and
passions; the act or power of refraining from indulgence
of the sexual appetite, esp. from unlawful indulgence;
sometimes, moderation in sexual indulgence.
If they [the unmarried and widows] have not
continency, let them marry. --1 Cor. vii.
9 (Rev. Ver.
).
Chastity is either abstinence or continence:
abstinence is that of virgins or widows; continence,
that of married persons. --Jer. Taylor.
3. Uninterrupted course; continuity. [Obs.] --Ayliffe.
Continent \Con"ti*nent\, a. [L. continens, -entis, prop., p. pr.
of continere to hold together, to repress: cf. F. continent.
See {Contain}.]
1. Serving to restrain or limit; restraining; opposing.
[Obs.] --Shak.
2. Exercising restraint as to the indulgence of desires or
passions; temperate; moderate.
Have a continent forbearance till the speed of his
rage goes slower. --Shak.
3. Abstaining from sexual intercourse; exercising restraint
upon the sexual appetite; esp., abstaining from illicit
sexual intercourse; chaste.
My past life
Hath been as continent, as chaste, as true,
As I am now unhappy. --Shak.
4. Not interrupted; connected; continuous; as, a continent
fever. [Obs.]
The northeast part of Asia is, if not continent with
the west side of America, yet certainly it is the
least disoined by sea of all that coast.
--Berrewood.
Continent \Con"ti*nent\, n. [L. continens, prop., a holding
together: cf. F. continent. See {Continent}, a.]
1. That which contains anything; a receptacle. [Obs.]
The smaller continent which we call a pipkin. --Bp.
Kennet.
2. One of the grand divisions of land on the globe; the main
land; specifically (Phys. Geog.), a large body of land
differing from an island, not merely in its size, but in
its structure, which is that of a large basin bordered by
mountain chains; as, the continent of North America.
Note: The continents are now usually regarded as six in
number: North America, South America, Europe, Asia,
Africa, and Australia. But other large bodies of land
are also reffered to as continents; as, the Antarctic
continent; the continent of Greenland. Europe, Asia,
and Africa are often grouped together as the Eastern
Continent, and North and South America as the Western
Continent.
{The Continent}, the main land of Europe, as distinguished
from the islands, especially from England.
Continental \Con`ti*nen"tal\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a continent.
2. Of or pertaining to the main land of Europe, in
distinction from the adjacent islands, especially England;
as, a continental tour; a continental coalition.
--Macaulay.
No former king had involved himself so frequently in
the labyrinth of continental alliances. --Hallam.
3. (Amer. Hist.) Of or pertaining to the confederated
colonies collectively, in the time of the Revolutionary
War; as, Continental money.
The army before Boston was designated as the
Continental army, in contradistinction to that under
General Gage, which was called the ``Ministerial
army.'' --W. Irving.
{Continental Congress}. See under {Congress}.
{Continental system} (Hist.), the blockade of Great Britain
ordered by Napoleon by the decree of Berlin, Nov. 21,
1806; the object being to strike a blow at the maritime
and commercial supremacy of Great Britain, by cutting her
off from all intercourse with the continent of Europe.
Continental \Con`ti*nen"tal\, n. (Amer. Hist.)
A soldier in the Continental army, or a piece of the
Continental currency. See {Continental}, a., 3.
Continently \Con"ti*nent*ly\, adv.
In a continent manner; chastely; moderately; temperately.
Contingence \Con*tin"gence\, n.
See {Contingency}.
Contingency \Con*tin"gen*cy\, n.; pl. {Contingencies}. [Cf. F.
contingence.]
1. Union or connection; the state of touching or contact.
``Point of contingency.'' --J. Gregory.
2. The quality or state of being contingent or casual; the
possibility of coming to pass.
Aristotle says we are not to build certain rules on
the contingency of human actions. --South.
3. An event which may or may not occur; that which is
possible or probable; a fortuitous event; a chance.
The remarkable position of the queen rendering her
death a most important contingency. --Hallam.
4. An adjunct or accessory. --Wordsworth.
5. (Law) A certain possible event that may or may not happen,
by which, when happening, some particular title may be
affected.
Syn: Casualty; accident; chance.
Contingent \Con*tin"gent\, a. [L. contingens, -entis, p. pr. of
contingere to touch on all sides, to happen; con- + tangere
to touch: cf. F. contingent. See {Tangent}, {Tact}.]
1. Possible, or liable, but not certain, to occur;
incidental; casual.
Weighing so much actual crime against so much
contingent advantage. --Burke.
2. Dependent on that which is undetermined or unknown; as,
the success of his undertaking is contingent upon events
which he can not control. ``Uncertain and contingent
causes.'' --Tillotson.
3. (Law) Dependent for effect on something that may or may
not occur; as, a contingent estate.
If a contingent legacy be left to any one when he
attains, or if he attains, the age of twenty-one.
--Blackstone.
Contingent \Con*tin"gent\, n.
1. An event which may or may not happen; that which is
unforeseen, undetermined, or dependent on something
future; a contingency.
His understanding could almost pierce into future
contingets. --South.
2. That which falls to one in a division or apportionment
among a number; a suitable share; proportion; esp., a
quota of troops.
From the Alps to the border of Flanders, contingents
were required . . . 200,000 men were in arms.
--Milman.
Contingently \Con*tin"gent*ly\, adv.
In a contingent manner; without design or foresight;
accidentally.
Contingentness \Con*tin"gent*ness\, n.
The state of being contingent; fortuitousness.
Continuable \Con*tin"u*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being continued [R.]
Continual \Con*tin"u*al\, a. [OE. continuel, F. continuel. See
{Continue}.]
1. Proceeding without interruption or cesstaion; continuous;
unceasing; lasting; abiding.
He that is of a merry heart hath a continual feast.
--Prov. xv.
15.
2. Occuring in steady and rapid succession; very frequent;
often repeated.
The eye is deligh by a continental succession of
small landscapes. --W. Irwing.
{Continual proportionals} (Math.), quantities in continued
proportion. --Brande & C.
Syn: Constant; prepetual; incessant; unceasing;
uninterrupted; unintermitted; continuous. See
{Constant}, and {Continuous}.
Continually \Con*tin"u*al*ly\, adv.
1. Without cessation; unceasingly; continuously; as, the
current flows continually.
Why do not all animals continually increase in
bigness? --Bentley.
2. In regular or repeated succession; very often.
Thou shalt eat bread at my table continually. --2
Sam. ix. 7.
Continuance \Con*tin"u*ance\, n. [OF. continuance.]
1. A holding on, or remaining in a particular state;
permanence, as of condition, habits, abode, etc.;
perseverance; constancy; duration; stay.
Great plagues, and of long continuance. --Deut.
xxviii. 59.
Patient continuance in well-doing. --Rom. ii. 7.
2. Uninterrupted succession; continuation; constant renewal;
perpetuation; propagation.
The brute immediately regards his own preservation
or the continuance of his species. --Addison.
3. A holding together; continuity. [Obs.] --Bacon.
4. (Law)
(a) The adjournment of the proceedings in a cause from one
day, or from one stated term of a court, to another.
(b) The entry of such adjournment and the grounds thereof
on the record.
Continuant \Con*tin"u*ant\, a.
Continuing; prolonged; sustained; as, a continuant sound. --
n. A continuant sound; a letter whose sound may be prolonged.
Continuate \Con*tin"u*ate\, a. [L. continuatus, p. p. See
{Continue}.]
1. Immediately united together; intimately connected. [R.]
We are of Him and in Him, even as though our very
flesh and bones should be made continuate with his.
--Hooker.
2. Uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; continued.
An untirable and continuate goodness. --Shak.
Continuation \Con*tin`u*a"tion\, n. [L. continuatio: cf. F.
connuation.]
1. That act or state of continuing; the state of being
continued; uninterrupted extension or succession;
prolongation; propagation.
Preventing the continuation of the royal line.
--Macaulay.
2. That which extends, increases, supplements, or carries on;
as, the continuation of a story.
My continuation of the version of Statius. --Pope.
Continuative \Con*tin"u*a*tive\, n. [Cf. F. continuatif.]
1. (Logic) A term or expression denoting continuance. [R.]
To these may be added continuatives; as, Rome
remains to this day; which includes, at least, two
propositions, viz., Rome was, and Rome is. --I.
Watts.
2. (Gram.) A word that continues the connection of sentences
or subjects; a connective; a conjunction.
Continuatives . . . consolidate sentences into one
continuous whole. --Harris.
Continuator \Con*tin"u*a`tor\, n. [Cf. F. continuateur.]
One who, or that which, continues; esp., one who continues a
series or a work; a continuer. --Sir T. Browne.
Continue \Con*tin"ue\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Continued}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Continuing}.] [F. continuer, L. continuare,
-tinuatum, to connect, continue, fr. continuus. See
{Continuous}, and cf. {Continuate}.]
1. To remain in a given place or condition; to remain in
connection with; to abide; to stay.
Here to continue, and build up here A growing
empire. --Milton.
They continue with me now three days, and have
nothing to eat. --Matt. xv.
32.
2. To be permanent or durable; to endure; to last.
But now thy kingdom shall not continue. --1 Sam.
xiii. 14.
3. To be steadfast or constant in any course; to persevere;
to abide; to endure; to persist; to keep up or maintain a
particular condition, course, or series of actions; as,
the army continued to advance.
If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples
indeed. --John viii.
31.
Syn: To persevere; persist. See {Persevere}.
Continue \Con*tin"ue\, v. t.
1. To unite; to connect. [Obs.]
the use of the navel is to continue the infant unto
the mother. --Sir T.
browne.
2. To protract or extend in duration; to preserve or persist
in; to cease not.
O continue thy loving kindness unto them that know
thee. --Ps. xxxvi.
10.
You know how to make yourself happy by only
continuing such a life as you have been long
acustomed to lead. --Pope.
3. To carry onward or extend; to prolong or produce; to add
to or draw out in length.
A bridge of wond'rous length, From hell continued,
reaching th' utmost orb of this frail world.
--Milton.
4. To retain; to suffer or cause to remain; as, the trustees
were continued; also, to suffer to live.
And how shall we continue Claudio. --Shak.
Continued \Con*tin"ued\, p. p. & a.
Having extension of time, space, order of events, exertion of
energy, etc.; extended; protracted; uninterrupted; also,
resumed after interruption; extending through a succession of
issues, session, etc.; as, a continued story. ``Continued
woe.'' --Jenyns. ``Continued succession.'' --Locke.
{Continued bass} (Mus.), a bass continued through an entire
piece of music, while the other parts of the harmony are
indicated by figures beneath the bass; the same as
thorough bass or figured bass; basso continuo. [It.]
{Continued fever} (Med.), a fever which presents no
interruption in its course.
{Continued fraction} (Math.), a fraction whose numerator is
1, and whose denominator is a whole number plus a fraction
whose numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a whole
number, plus a fraction, and so on.
{Continued proportion} (Math.), a proportion composed of two
or more equal ratios, in which the consequent of each
preceding ratio is the same with the antecedent of the
following one; as, 4 : 8 : 8 : 16 :: 16 : 32.
Continuedly \Con*tin"u*ed*ly\ (? or ?), adv.
Continuously.
Continuer \Con*tin"u*er\, n.
One who continues; one who has the power of perseverance or
persistence. ``Indulgent continuers in sin.'' --Hammond.
I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and so
good a continuer. --Shak.
Continuity \Con`ti*nu"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Continuities}. [L.
continuitas: cf. F. continuit['e]. See {Continuous}.]
the state of being continuous; uninterupted connection or
succession; close union of parts; cohesion; as, the
continuity of fibers. --Grew.
The sight would be tired, if it were attracted by a
continuity of glittering objects. --Dryden.
{Law of continuity} (Math. & Physics), the principle that
nothing passes from one state to another without passing
through all the intermediate states.
{Solution of continuity}. (Math.) See under {Solution}.
Continuo \Con*ti"nu*o\ (? or ?), n. [It.] (Mus.)
Basso continuo, or continued bass.
Continuous \Con*tin"u*ous\, a. [L. continuus, fr. continere to
hold together. See {Continent}.]
1. Without break, cessation, or interruption; without
intervening space or time; uninterrupted; unbroken;
continual; unceasing; constant; continued; protracted;
extended; as, a continuous line of railroad; a continuous
current of electricity.
he can hear its continuous murmur. --Longfellow.
2. (Bot.) Not deviating or varying from uninformity; not
interrupted; not joined or articulated.
{Continuous brake} (Railroad), a brake which is attached to
each car a train, and can be caused to operate in all the
cars simultaneously from a point on any car or on the
engine.
{Continuous impost}. See {Impost}.
Syn: {Continuous}, {Continual}.
Usage: Continuous is the stronger word, and denotes that the
continuity or union of parts is absolute and
uninterrupted; as, a continuous sheet of ice; a
continuous flow of water or of argument. So Daniel
Webster speaks of ``a continuous and unbroken strain
of the martial airs of England.'' Continual, in most
cases, marks a close and unbroken succession of
things, rather than absolute continuity. Thus we speak
of continual showers, implying a repetition with
occasional interruptions; we speak of a person as
liable to continual calls, or as subject to continual
applications for aid, etc. See {Constant}.
Continuously \Con*tin"u*ous*ly\, adv.
In a continuous maner; without interruption. --
{Con*tin"u*ous*ness}, n.
Contline \Cont"line`\, n.
1. (Ropemaking) The space between the strands on the outside
of a rope. --Knight.
2. (Naut.) The space between the bilges of two casks stowed
side by side.
Contorniate \Con*tor"ni*ate\, Contorniate \Con*tor"ni*a`te\, n.,
[It. contorniato, p. pr. of contorniare to make a circuit or
outline, fr. contorno circuit, outline. See {Contour}.]
(Numis.)
A species of medal or medallion of bronze, having a deep
furrow on the contour or edge; -- supposed to have been
struck in the days of Constantine and his successors. --R. S.
Poole.
Contorsion \Con*tor"sion\, n.
See {Contortion}.
Contort \Con*tort"\, v. t. [L. contortus, p. p. of contorquere
to twist; con- + torquere to twist. See {Torture}.]
To twist, or twist together; to turn awry; to bend; to
distort; to wrest.
The vertebral arteries are variously contorted. --Ray.
Kant contorted the term category from the proper
meaning of attributed. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Contorted \Con*tort"ed\, a.
1. Twisted, or twisted together. ``A contorted chain of
icicles.'' --Massinger.
2. (Bot.)
(a) Twisted back upon itself, as some parts of plants.
(b) Arranged so as to overlap each other; as, petals in
contorted or convolute [ae]stivation.
Contortion \Con*tor"tion\, n. [L. contortio: cf. F. contorsion.
See {Contort}, and cf. {Torsion}.]
A twisting; a writhing; wry motion; a twist; as, the
contortion of the muscles of the face. --Swift.
All the contortions of the sibyl, without the
inspiration. --Burke.
Contertionist \Con*ter"tion*ist\, n.
One who makes or practices contortions.
Contortive \Con*tor"tive\, a.
Expressing contortion.
Contortuplicate \Con`tor*tu"pli*cate\, a. [L. contortuplicatus;
contortus contorted + plicare to fold.] (Bot.)
Plaited lengthwise and twisted in addition, as the bud of the
morning-glory. --Gray.
Contour \Con*tour"\, n. [F. contour, fr. contourner to mark the
outlines; con- + tourner to turn. See {Turn}.]
1. The outline of a figure or body, or the line or lines
representing such an outline; the line that bounds;
periphery.
Titian's coloring and contours. --A. Drummond.
2. (Mil.) The outline of a horizontal section of the ground,
or of works of fortification.
{Contour feathers} (Zo["o]l.), those feathers that form the
general covering of a bird.
{Contour of ground} (Surv.), the outline of the surface of
ground with respect to its undulation, etc.
{Contour line} (Topographical Suv.), the line in which a
horizontal plane intersects a portion of ground, or the
corresponding line in a map or chart.
Contourn'e' \Con`tour`n['e]'\, a. [F., p. p. of contourner to
twist.] (Her.)
Turned in a direction which is not the usual one; -- said of
an animal turned to the sinister which is usually turned to
the dexter, or the like.
Contourniated \Con*tour"ni*a`ted\, a. [Cf. {Contorniate}.]
(Numis.)
Having furrowed edges, as if turned in a lathe.
Contra \Con"tra\
A Latin adverb and preposition, signifying against, contrary,
in opposition, etc., entering as a prefix into the
composition of many English words. Cf. {Counter}, adv. &
pref.
Contraband \Con"tra*band\, n. [It. contrabando; contra + bando
ban, proclamation: cf. F. contrebande. See {Ban} an edict.]
1. Illegal or prohibited traffic.
Persons the most bound in duty to prevent
contraband, and the most interested in the seizures.
--Burke.
2. Goods or merchandise the importation or exportation of
which is forbidden.
3. A negro slave, during the Civil War, escaped to, or was
brought within, the Union lines. Such slave was considered
contraband of war. [U.S.]
{Contraband of war}, that which, according to international
law, cannot be supplied to a hostile belligerent except at
the risk of seizure and condemnation by the aggrieved
belligerent. --Wharton.
Contraband \Con"tra*band\, a.
Prohibited or excluded by law or treaty; forbidden; as,
contraband goods, or trade.
The contraband will always keep pace, in some measure,
with the fair trade. --Burke.
Contraband \Con"tra*band\, v. t.
1. To import illegally, as prohibited goods; to smuggle.
[Obs.] --Johnson.
2. To declare prohibited; to forbid. [Obs.]
The law severly contrabands Our taking business of
men's hands. --Hudibras.
Contrabandism \Con"tra*band*ism\ (-[i^]z'm), n.
Traffic in contraband goods; smuggling.
Contrabandist \Con"tra*band`ist\, n.
One who traffics illegally; a smuggler.
Contrabass \Con`tra*bass"\, n. (Mus.)
Double bass; -- applied to any instrument of the same deep
range as the stringed double bass; as, the contrabass
ophicleide; the contrabass tuba or bombardon.
Contrabasso \Con`tra*bas"so\, n. [It. contrabasso.] (Mus.)
The largest kind of bass viol. See {Violone}.
Contract \Con*tract"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Contracted}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Contracting}.] [L. contractus, p. p. of contrahere
to contract; con- + trahere to draw: cf. F. contracter. See
{Trace}, and cf. {Contract}, n.]
1. To draw together or nearer; to reduce to a less compass;
to shorten, narrow, or lessen; as, to contract one's
sphere of action.
In all things desuetude doth contract and narrow our
faculties. --Dr. H. More.
2. To draw together so as to wrinkle; to knit.
Thou didst contract and purse thy brow. --Shak.
3. To bring on; to incur; to acquire; as, to contract a
habit; to contract a debt; to contract a disease.
Each from each contract new strength and light.
--Pope.
Such behavior we contract by having much conversed
with persons of high station. --Swift.
4. To enter into, with mutual obligations; to make a bargain
or covenant for.
We have contracted an inviolable amity, peace, and
lague with the aforesaid queen. --Hakluyt.
Many persons . . . had contracted marriage within
the degrees of consanguinity . . . prohibited by
law. --Strype.
5. To betroth; to affiance.
The truth is, she and I, long since contracted, Are
now so sure, that nothing can dissolve us. --Shak.
6. (Gram.) To shorten by omitting a letter or letters or by
reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one.
Syn: To shorten; abridge; epitomize; narrow; lessen;
condense; reduce; confine; incur; assume.
Contract \Con*tract"\, v. i.
1. To be drawn together so as to be diminished in size or
extent; to shrink; to be reduced in compass or in
duration; as, iron contracts in cooling; a rope contracts
when wet.
Years contracting to a moment. --Wordsworth.
2. To make an agreement; to covenant; to agree; to bargain;
as, to contract for carrying the mail.
Contract \Con"tract\, a.
Contracted; as, a contract verb. --Goodwin.
Contract \Con*tract"\, a. [L. contractus, p. p.]
Contracted; affianced; betrothed. [Obs.] --Shak.
Contract \Con"tract\, n. [L. contractus, fr. contrahere: cf. F.
contrat, formerly also contract.]
1. (Law) The agreement of two or more persons, upon a
sufficient consideration or cause, to do, or to abstain
from doing, some act; an agreement in which a party
undertakes to do, or not to do, a particular thing; a
formal bargain; a compact; an interchange of legal rights.
--Wharton.
2. A formal writing which contains the agreement of parties,
with the terms and conditions, and which serves as a proof
of the obligation.
3. The act of formally betrothing a man and woman.
This is the the night of the contract. --Longwellow.
Syn: Covenant; agreement; compact; stipulation; bargain;
arrangement; obligation. See {Covenant}.
Contracted \Con*tract"ed\, a.
1. Drawn together; shrunken; wrinkled; narrow; as, a
contracted brow; a contracted noun.
2. Narrow; illiberal; selfish; as, a contracted mind;
contracted views.
3. Bargained for; betrothed; as, a contracted peace.
Inquire me out contracted bachelors. --Shak.
Contractedness \Con*tract"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being contracted; narrowness; meanness;
selfishness.
Contractibility \Con*tract`i*bil"i*ty\, n.
Capability of being contracted; quality of being
contractible; as, the contractibility and dilatability of
air. --Arbuthnot.
Contractible \Con*tract"i*ble\, a.
Capable of contraction.
Small air bladders distable and contractible.
--Arbuthnot.
Contractibleness \Con*tract"i*ble*ness\, n.
Contractibility.
Contractile \Con*tract"ile\, a. [Cf. F. contractile.]
tending to contract; having the power or property of
contracting, or of shrinking into shorter or smaller
dimensions; as, the contractile tissues.
The heart's contractile force. --H. Brooke.
Each cilium seems to be composed of contractile
substance. --Hixley.
{Contractile vacuole} (Zo["o]l.), a pulsating cavity in the
interior of a protozoan, supposed to be excretory in
function. There may be one, two, or more.
Contractility \Con`trac*til"i*ty\, n.
1. The quality or property by which bodies shrink or
contract.
2. (Physiol.) The power possessed by the fibers of living
muscle of contracting or shortening.
Note: When subject to the will, as in the muscles of
locomotion, such power is called voluntary
contractility; when not controlled by the will, as in
the muscles of the heart, it is involuntary
contractility.
Contraction \Con*trac"tion\, n. [L. contractio: cf. F.
contraction.]
1. The act or process of contracting, shortening, or
shrinking; the state of being contracted; as, contraction
of the heart, of the pupil of the eye, or of a tendion;
the contraction produced by cold.
2. (Math.) The process of shortening an operation.
3. The act of incurring or becoming subject to, as
liabilities, obligation, debts, etc.; the process of
becoming subject to; as, the contraction of a disease.
4. Something contracted or abbreviated, as a word or phrase;
-- as, plenipo for plenipotentiary; crim. con. for
criminal conversation, etc.
5. (Gram.) The shortening of a word, or of two words, by the
omission of a letter or letters, or by reducing two or
more vowels or syllables to one; as, ne'er for never;
can't for can not; don't for do not; it's for it is.
6. A marriage contract. [Obs.] --Shak.
Contractive \Con*tract"ive\, a.
Tending to contract; having the property or power or power of
contracting.
Contractor \Con*tract"or\, n. [L.]
One who contracts; one of the parties to a bargain; one who
covenants to do anything for another; specifically, one who
contracts to perform work on a rather large scale, at a
certain price or rate, as in building houses or making a
railroad.
Contracture \Con*trac"ture\ (?; 135), n. [L. contractura a
drawing together.] (Med.)
A state of permanent rigidity or contraction of the muscles,
generally of the flexor muscles.
Contradance \Con"tra*dance`\, n. [Pref. contra- + dance: cf. F.
contrdance. Cf. {Country-dance}.]
A dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or
in opposite lines.
Contradict \Con`tra*dict"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Contradicted};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Contradicting}.] [L. contradictus, p. p. of
contradicere to speak against; contra + dicere to speak. See
{Diction}.]
1. To assert the contrary of; to oppose in words; to take
issue with; to gainsay; to deny the truth of, as of a
statement or a speaker; to impugn.
Dear Duff, I prithee, contradict thyself, And say it
is not so. --Shak.
The future can not contradict the past.
--Wordsworth.
2. To be contrary to; to oppose; to resist. [Obs.]
No truth can contradict another truth. --Hooker.
A greater power than we can contradict Hath thwarted
our intents. --Shak.
Contradict \Con`tra*dict\, v. i.
To oppose in words; to gainsay; to deny, or assert the
contrary of, something.
They . . . spake against those things which were spoken
by Paul, contradicting and blaspheming. --Acts xiii.
45.
Contradictable \Con`tra*dict"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being contradicting.
Contradicter \Con`tra*dict"er\, n.
one who contradicts. --Swift.
Contradiction \Con`tra*dic"tion\, n. [L. contradictio answer,
objection: cf. F. contradiction.]
1. An assertion of the contrary to what has been said or
affirmed; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion;
contrary declaration; gainsaying.
His fair demands Shall be accomplished without
contradiction. --Shak.
2. Direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency;
incongruity or contrariety; one who, or that which, is
inconsistent.
can be make deathless death? That were to make
Strange contradiction. --Milton.
We state our experience and then we come to a manly
resolution of acting in contradiction to it.
--Burke.
Both parts of a contradiction can not possibly be
true. --Hobbes.
Of contradictions infinite the slave. --Wordsworth.
{Principle of contradiction} (Logic), the axiom or law of
thought that a thing cannot be and not be at the same
time, or a thing must either be or not be, or the same
attribute can not at the same time be affirmed and and
denied of the same subject.
Note: It develops itself in three specific forms which have
been called the ``Three Logical Axioms.'' First, ``A is
A.'' Second, ``A is not Not-A'' Third, ``Everything is
either A or Not-A.''
Contradictional \Con`tra*dic"tion*al\, a.
Contradictory; inconsistent; opposing. [R.] --Milton.
Contradictions \Con`tra*dic"tions\, a.
1. Filled with contradictions; inconsistent. [Obs.]
2. Inclined to contradict or cavil [Obs.] --Sharp. --
{Con`tra*dic"tious*ness}, n. --Norris.
Contradictive \Con`tra*dict"ive\, a.
Contradictory; inconsistent. -- {Con`tra*dict"ive*ly}, adv.
Contradictor \Con`tra*dict"or\, n. [L.]
A contradicter.
Contradictorily \Con`tra*dict"o*ri*ly\, adv.
In a contradictory manner. --Sharp.
Contradictoriness \Con"tra*dict`o*ri*ness\, n.
The quality of being contradictory; opposition;
inconsistency. --J. Whitaker.
Contradictory \Con`tra*dict"o*ry\, a. [LL. contradictorius: cf.
F. contradictoire.]
1. Affirming the contrary; implying a denial of what has been
asserted; also, mutually contradicting; inconsistent.
``Contradictory assertions.'' --South.
2. Opposing or opposed; repugnant.
Schemes . . . contradictory to common sense.
--Addisn.
Contradictory \Con`tra*dict"o*ry\, n.; pl. {Contradictories}.
1. A proposition or thing which denies or opposes another;
contrariety.
It is common with princes to will contradictories.
--Bacon.
2. pl. (Logic) propositions with the same terms, but opposed
to each other both in quality and quantity.
Contradistinct \Con`tra*dis*tinct"\, a.
Distinguished by opposite qualities. --J. Goodwin.
Contradistinction \Con`tra*dis*tinc"tion\, n.
Distinction by contrast.
That there are such things as sins of infirmity in
contradistinction to those of presumption is not to be
questioned. --South.
Contradistinctive \Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive\, a.
having the quality of contradistinction; distinguishing by
contrast. -- {Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive}, n.
Contradistinguish \Con`tra*dis*tin"guish\ (?; 144), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. {Contradistinguished}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Contradistinguishing}.]
To distinguish by a contrast of opposite qualities.
These are our complex ideas of soul and body, as
contradistinguished. --Locke.
Contrafagetto \Con`tra*fa*get"to\, n. [It.] (Mus.)
The double bassoon, an octave deeper than the bassoon.
Contrafissure \Con`tra*fis"sure\ (?; 135), n. (Med.)
A fissure or fracture on the side opposite to that which
received the blow, or at some distance from it. --Coxe.
Contrahent \Con"tra*hent\, a. [L. contrahens, p. pr. See
{Contract}.]
Entering into covenant; contracting; as, contrahent parties.
[Obs.] --Mede.
Contraindicant \Con"tra*in"di*cant\, n. (Med.)
Something, as a symptom, indicating that the usual mode of
treatment is not to be followed. --Burke.
Contraindicate \Con"tra*in*"di*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Contraindicated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Contraindicating}.]
(Med.)
To indicate, as by a symptom, some method of treatment
contrary to that which the general tenor of the case would
seem to require.
Contraindicating symptoms must be observed. --Harvey.
Contraindication \Con"tra*in`di*ca"tion\, n. (med.)
An indication or symptom which forbids the method of
treatment usual in such cases.
Contralto \Con*tral"to\ (? or ?), n. [It., fr. contra + alto.
See {Alto}.] (Mus.)
(a) The part sung by the highest male or lowest female
voices; the alto or counter tenor.
(b) the voice or singer performing this part; as, her voice
is a contralto; she is a contralto.
Note: The usual range of the contralto voice is from G, below
middle C, to the C above that; though exceptionally it
embraces two octaves.
Contralto \Con*tral"to\ (? or ?), a. (Mus.)
Of or pertaining to a contralto, or to the part in music
called contralto; as, a contralto voice.
Contramure \Con"tra*mure\, n. [Cf. {Countermure}.] (fort.)
An outer wall. [Obs.] --Chambers.
Contranatural \Con"tra*nat"u*ral\ (?; 135), a. [Cf.
{Counternatural}.]
Opposed to or against nature; unnatural. [R.] --Bp. Rust.
Contraposition \Con"tra*po*si"tion\, n. [Pref. contra- +
position: cf. f. conterposition.]
1. A placing over against; opposite position. [Obs.] --F.
Potter.
2. (Logic) A so-called immediate inference which consists in
denying the original subject of the contradictory
predicate; e.g.: Every S is P; therefore, no Not-P is S.
Contrapuntal \Con`tra*pun"tal\, a. [It. contrappunto
counterpoint. See {Counterpoint}.] (Mus.)
Pertaining to, or according to the rules of, counterpoint.
Contrapuntist \Con`tra*pun"tist\, n. [It. contrappuntista.]
(Mus.)
One skilled in counterpoint. --L. Mason.
Contraremonstrant \Con"tra*re*mon"strant\, n.
One who remonstrates in opposition or answer to a
remonstrant. [R.]
They did the synod wrong to make this distinction of
contraremonstrants and remonstrants. --Hales.
Contrariant \Con*tra"ri*ant\, a. [LL. contrarians, p. pr. of
contrariare to oppose, fr. L. contrarius: cf. F. contrariant,
p. pr. of contrarier to contradict. See {Contrary}.]
Contrary; opposed; antagonistic; inconsistent; contradictory.
[R.]
The struggles of contrariant factions. --Coleridge.
Contrariantly \Con*tra"ri*ant*ly\, adv.
Contrarily. [Obs.]
Contraries \Con"tra*ries\ (? or ?; 48), n. pl. [Pl. of
{Contrary}, n.] (Logic)
Propositions which directly and destructively contradict each
other, but of which the falsehood of one does not establish
the truth of the other.
If two universals differ in quality, they are
contraries; as, every vine is a tree; no vine is a
tree. These can never be both true together; but they
may be both false. --I. Watts.
Contrariety \Con`tra*ri"e*ty\n.; pl. {Contrarieties}. [L.
contrarietas: cf. F. contrari['e]t['e].]
1. The state or quality of being contrary; opposition;
repugnance; disagreement; antagonism.
There is a contrariety between those things that
conscience inclines to, and those that entertain the
senses. --South.
2. Something which is contrary to, or inconsistent with,
something else; an inconsistency.
How can these contrarieties agree? --Shak.
Syn: Inconsistency; discrepancy; repugnance.
Contrarily \Con"tra*ri*ly\ (? or ?), adv.
In a contrary manner; in opposition; on the other side; in
opposite ways.
Contrariness \Con"tra*ri*ness\, n.
state or quality of being contrary; opposition;
inconsistency; contrariety; perverseness; obstinacy.
Contrarious \Con*tra"ri*ous\, a. [LL. contrariosus: cf. OF.
contrarios contralius.]
Showing contrariety; repugnant; perverse. [Archaic] --Milton.
She flew contrarious in the face of God. --Mrs.
Browning.
Contrariously \Con*tra"ri*ous*ly\, adv.
Contrarily; oppositely. --Shak.
Contrariwise \Con"tra*ri*wise\ (? or ?), adv.
1. On the contrary; oppositely; on the other hand.
Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing;
but contrariwise, blessing. --1 Pet. iii.
9.
2. In a contrary order; conversely.
Everything that acts upon the fluids must, at the
same time, act upon the solids, and contrariwise.
--Arbuthnot.
Contrarotation \Con`tra*ro*ta"tion\, n.
Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other
circular motion.
Contrary \Con"tra*ry\ (? or ?; 48), a. [OE. contrarie,
contraire, F. contraire, fr. L. contrarius, fr. contra. See
{Contra-}.]
1. Opposite; in an opposite direction; in opposition;
adverse; as, contrary winds.
And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not
hearken unto me. --Lev. xxvi.
21.
We have lost our labor; they are gone a contrary
way. --Shak.
2. Opposed; contradictory; repugnant; inconsistent.
Fame, if not double-faced, is double mouthed, And
with contrary blast proclaims most deeds. --Milton.
The doctrine of the earth's motion appeared to be
contrary to the sacred Scripture. --Whewell.
3. Given to opposition; perverse; forward; wayward; as, a
contrary disposition; a contrary child.
4. (Logic) Affirming the opposite; so opposed as to destroy
each other; as, contrary propositions.
{Contrary motion} (Mus.), the progression of parts in
opposite directions, one ascending, the other descending.
Syn: Adverse; repugnant; hostile; inimical; discordant;
inconsistent.
Contrary \Con"tra*ry\, n.; pl. {Contraries}.
1. A thing that is of contrary or opposite qualities.
No contraries hold more antipathy Than I and such a
knave. --Shak.
2. An opponent; an enemy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
3. the opposite; a proposition, fact, or condition
incompatible with another; as, slender proofs which rather
show the contrary. See {Converse}, n., 1. --Locke.
4. (Logic) See {Contraries}.
{On the contrary}, in opposition; on the other hand. --Swift.
{To the contrary}, to an opposite purpose or intent; on the
other side. ``They did it, not for want of instruction to
the contrary.'' --Bp. Stillingfleet.
Contrarry \Con"trar*ry\, v. t. [F. contrarier. See {Contrary},
a.]
To contradict or oppose; to thwart. [Obs.]
I was advised not to contrary the king. --Bp. Latimer.
Contrast \Con*trast"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Contrasted}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Contrasting}.] [F. contraster, LL. contrastare to
resist, withstand, fr. L. contra + stare to stand. See
{Stand}.]
To stand in opposition; to exhibit difference, unlikeness, or
opposition of qualities.
The joints which divide the sandstone contrast finely
with the divisional planes which separate the basalt
into pillars. --Lyell.
Contrast \Con*trast"\, v. t.
1. To set in opposition, or over against, in order to show
the differences between, or the comparative excellences
and defects of; to compare by difference or contrariety of
qualities; as, to contrast the present with the past.
2. (Fine Arts) To give greater effect to, as to a figure or
other object, by putting it in some relation of opposition
to another figure or object.
the figures of the groups must not be all on side .
. . but must contrast each other by their several
position. --Dryden.
Contrast \Con"trast\ (k[o^]n"tr[.a]st), n. [F. contraste: cf.
It. contrasto.]
1. The act of contrasting, or the state of being contrasted;
comparison by contrariety of qualities.
place the prospect of the soul In sober contrast
with reality. --Wordsworth.
2. Opposition or dissimilitude of things or qualities;
unlikeness, esp. as shown by juxtaposition or comparison.
The contrasts and resemblances of the seasons.
--Whewell.
3. (Fine Arts) The opposition of varied forms, colors, etc.,
which by such juxtaposition more vividly express each
other's peculiarities. --Fairholt.
Contrastimulant \Con`tra*stim"u*lant\, a.
Counteracting the effects of stimulants; relating to a course
of medical treatment based on a theory of contrastimulants.
-- n. (Med.) An agent which counteracts the effect of a
stimulant.
Contrate \Con"trate\, a. [See {Contra-}.]
Having cogs or teeth projecting parallel to the axis, instead
of radiating from it. [R.]
{Contrate wheel}. See {Crown wheel}.
Contratenor \Con"tra*ten`or\, n. [Cf. {Counter tenor}.] (Mus.)
Counter tenor; contralto.
Contravallation \Con`tra*val*la"tion\, n. [Pref. contra- +
vallation: cf. F. contrevallation. Cf. {Countervallation}.]
(Fort.)
A trench guarded with a parapet, constructed by besiegers, to
secure themselves and check sallies of the besieged.
Contravene \Con`tra*vene"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Contravened};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Contravening}.] [LL. contravenire; L. contra
+ venire to come: cf. F. contrevenir. See {Come}.]
1. To meet in the way of opposition; to come into conflict
with; to oppose; to contradict; to obstruct the operation
of; to defeat.
So plain a proposition . . . was not likely to be
contravened. --Southey.
2. To violate; to nullify; to be inconsistent with; as, to
contravene a law.
Laws that place the subjects in such a state
contravene the first principles of the compact of
authority. --Johnson.
Syn: To contradict; set aside; nullify; defeat; cross;
obstruct; baffle; thwart.
Contravener \Con`tra*ven"er\, n.
One who contravenes.
Contravention \Con`tra*ven"tion\, n. [Cf. F. contravention.]
The act of contravening; opposition; obstruction;
transgression; violation.
Warrants in contravention of the acts of Parliament.
--Macaulay.
In contravention of all his marriage stipulations.
--Motley.
Contraversion \Con`tra*ver"sion\, n.
A turning to the opposite side; antistrophe. --Congreve.
Contrayerva \Con`tra*yer"va\, n. [Sp. contrayerba, literally, a
counter herb, hence, an antidote for poison, fr. l. contra +
herba herb.] (Bot.)
A species of {Dorstenia} ({D. Contrayerva}), a South American
plant, the aromatic root of which is sometimes used in
medicine as a gentle stimulant and tonic.
Contrecoup \Con`tre*coup"\, n. [F., fr. contre (L. contra) +
coup a blow.] (med.)
A concussion or shock produced by a blow or other injury, in
a part or region opposite to that at which the blow is
received, often causing rupture or disorganisation of the
parts affected.
Contretemps \Con`tre*temps"\, n. [F., fr. contre (L. conta) +
temps time, fr. L. tempus.]
An unexpected and untoward accident; something inopportune or
embarrassing; a hitch.
In this unhappy contretemps. --De Quincey.
Contributable \Con*trib"u*ta*ble\, a.
Capable of being contributed.
Contributary \Con*trib"u*ta*ry\, a.
1. Contributory. [R.]
2. Tributary; contributing. [R.]
It was situated on the Ganges, at the place where
this river received a contributary stream.
--D'Anville
(Trans. ).
Contribute \Con*trib"ute\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Contributed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Contributing}.] [L. contributus, p. p. of
contribuere to bring together, to add; con- + tribuere to
grant, impart. See {Tribute}.]
To give or grant i common with others; to give to a common
stock or for a common purpose; to furnish or suply in part;
to give (money or other aid) for a specified object; as, to
contribute food or fuel for the poor.
England contributes much more than any other of the
allies. --Addison.
Contribute \Con*trib"ute\, v. i.
1. To give a part to a common stock; to lend assistance or
aid, or give something, to a common purpose; to have a
share in any act or effect.
We are engaged in war; the secretary of state calls
upon the colonies to contribute. --Burke.
2. To give or use one's power or influence for any object; to
assist.
These men also contributed to obstruct the progress
of wisdom. --Goldsmith.
Contribution \Con`tri*bu"tion\, n. [L. contributio: cf. F.
contribution.]
1. The act of contributing.
2. That which is contributed; -- either the portion which an
individual furnishes to the common stock, or the whole
which is formed by the gifts of individuals.
A certain contribution for the poor saints which are
at jerusalem. --Rom. xv. 26.
Aristotle's actual contributions to the physical
sciences. --Whewell.
3. (Mil.) An irregular and arbitrary imposition or tax leved
on the people of a town or country.
These sums, . . . and the forced contributions paid
by luckless peasants, enabled him to keep his
straggling troops together. --Motley.
4. (Law) Payment, by each of several jointly liable, of a
share in a loss suffered or an amount paid by one of their
number for the common benefit.
Contributional \Con`tri*bu"tion*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or furnishing, a contribution.
Contributive \Con*trib"u*tive\, a.
Contributing, or tending to contribute. --Fuller.
Contributer \Con*trib"u*ter\, n.
One who, or that which, contributes; specifically, one who
writes articles for a newspaper or magazine.
Contributory \Con*trib"u*to*ry\, a.
Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the same
end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase to
some common stock; contributive. --Milton.
Bonfires of contributory wood. --Chapman.
{Contributory negligence} (Law), negligence by an injured
party, which combines with the negligence of the injurer
in producing the injury, and which bars recovery when it
is the proximate cause of the injury. --Wharton.
Contributory \Con*trib"u*to*ry\, n.; pl. {Contributories}.
One who contributes, or is liable to be called upon to
contribute, as toward the discharge of a common indebtedness.
--Abbott.
Contrist \Con*trist"\, v. t. [Cf. F. contrister. See
{Contristate}.]
To make sad. [Obs.]
To deject and contrist myself. --Sterne.
Contristate \Con*tris"tate\, v. t. & i. [L. contristatus, p. p.
of contristare to sadden; con- + tristis sad.]
To make sorrowful. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Contrite \Con"trite\ (?; 277), a. [L. contritus bruised, p. p.
of contrere to grind, bruise; con- + terere to rub, grind:
cf. F. contrit See {Trite}.]
1. Thoroughly bruised or broken. [Obs.]
2. Broken down with grief and penitence; deeply sorrowful for
sin because it is displeasing to God; humbly and
thoroughly penitent.
A contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise.
--Ps. li. 17.
Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite. --Milton.
Syn: Penitent; repentant; humble; sorrowful.
Contrite \Con"trite\, n.
A contrite person. --Hooker.
Contrite \Con"trite\, v.
In a contrite manner.
Contriteness \Con"trite`ness\, n.
Deep sorrow and penitence for sin; contrition.
Contrition \Con*tri"tion\, n. [F. contrition, L. contritio.]
1. The act of grinding or ribbing to powder; attrition;
friction; rubbing. [Obs.]
The breaking of their parts into less parts by
contrition. --Sir I.
Newton.
2. The state of being contrite; deep sorrow and repentance
for sin, because sin is displeasing to God; humble
penitence; through repentance.
My future days shall be one whole contrition.
--Dryden.
Syn: repentance; penitence; humiliation; compunction;
self-reproach; remorse.
Usage: {Contrition}, {Attrition}, {repentance}. -- Contrition
is deep sorrow and self-condemnation, with through
repetance for sin because it is displeasing to God,
and implies a feeling of love toward God. Attrition is
sorrow for sin, or imperfect repentance produced by
fear of punishment or a sense of the baseness of sin.
Repentance is a penitent renunciation of, and turning
from, sin; thorough repentance produces a new life.
Repentance is often used as synonymous with
contrition. See {Compunction}.
Contriturate \Con*trit"u*rate\ (?; 135), v. t.
To triturate; to pulverize. [R.]
Contrivble \Con*triv"*ble\, a.
Capable of being contrived, planned, invented, or devised.
A perpetual motion may seem easily contrivable. --Bp.
Wilkins.
Contrivance \Con*triv"ance\, n.
1. The act or faculty of contriving, inventing, devising, or
planning.
The machine which we are inspecting demonstrates, by
its construction, contrivance and design.
Contrivance must have had a contriver. --Paley.
2. The thing contrived, invented, or planned; disposition of
parts or causes by design; a scheme; plan; atrifice;
arrangement.
Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to
provide for human wants. --Burke.
Syn: Device; plan; scheme; invention; machine; project;
design; artifice; shift. See {Device}.
Contrive \Con*trive"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Contrived}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Contriving}.] [OE. contriven, contreven, controven,
to invent, OF. controver, contruver; con- + trouver to find.
See {Troubadour}, {trover}.]
To form by an exercise of ingenuity; to devise; to invent; to
design; to plan.
What more likely to contrive this admirable frame of
the universe than infinite wisdom. --Tillotson.
neither do thou imagine that I shall contrive aught
against his life. --Hawthorne.
Syn: To invent; discover; plan; design; project; plot;
concert; hatch.
Contrive \Con*trive"\, v. i.
To make devices; to form designs; to plan; to scheme; to
plot.
The Fates with traitors do contrive. --Shak.
Thou hast contrived against th very life Of the
defendant. --Shak.
Contrivement \Con*trive"ment\, n.
Contrivance; invention; arrangement; design; plan. [Obs.]
Consider the admirable contrivement and artifice of
this great fabric. --Glanvill.
Active to meet their contrivements. --Sir G. Buck.
Contriver \Con*triv"er\, n.
One who contrives, devises, plans, or schemas. --Swift.
Control \Con*trol"\, n. [F. contr[^o]le a counter register,
contr. fr. contr-r[^o]le; contre (L. contra) + r[^o]le roll,
catalogue. See {Counter} and {Roll}, and cf. {Counterroll}.]
1. A duplicate book, register, or account, kept to correct or
check another account or register; a counter register.
[Obs.] --Johnson.
2. That which serves to check, restrain, or hinder;
restraint. ``Speak without control.'' --Dryden.
3. Power or authority to check or restrain; restraining or
regulating influence; superintendence; government; as,
children should be under parental control.
The House of Commons should exercise a control over
all the departments of the executive administration.
--Macaulay.
{Board of control}. See under {Board}.
Control \Con*trol"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Controlled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Controlling}.] [F. contr[^o]ler, fr. contr[^o]le.]
[Formerly written {comptrol} and {controul}.]
1. To check by a counter register or duplicate account; to
prove by counter statements; to confute. [Obs.]
This report was controlled to be false. --Fuller.
2. To exercise restraining or governing influence over; to
check; to counteract; to restrain; to regulate; to govern;
to overpower.
Give me a staff of honor for mine age, But not a
scepter to control the world. --Shak.
I feel my virtue struggling in my soul: But stronger
passion does its power control. --Dryden.
Syn: To restrain; rule; govern; manage; guide; regulate;
hinder; direct; check; curb; counteract; subdue.
Controllability \Con*trol`la*bil"i*ty\, n.
Capability of being controlled; controllableness.
Controllable \Con*trol"la*ble\, a.
Capable of being controlled, checked, or restrained; amenable
to command.
Passion is the drunkeness of the mind, and, therefore,
. . . not always controllable by reason. --South.
Controllableness \Con*trol"la*ble*ness\, n.
Capability of being controlled.
Controller \Con*trol"ler\, n. [From control, v. t.: cf. F.
contr[^o]leur.]
1. One who, or that which, controls or restraines; one who
has power or authority to regulate or control; one who
governs.
The great controller of our fate Deigned to be man,
and lived in low estate. --Dryden.
2. An officer appointed to keep a counter register of
accounts, or to examine, rectify, or verify accounts.
[More commonly written {controller}.]
3. (Naut.) An iron block, usually bolted to a ship's deck,
for controlling the running out of a chain cable. The
links of the cable tend to drop into hollows in the block,
and thus hold fast until disengaged.
Controllership \Con*trol"ler*ship\, n.
The office of a controller.
Controlment \Con*trol"ment\, n.
1. The power or act of controlling; the state of being
restrained; control; restraint; regulation;
superintendence.
You may do it without controlment. --Shak.
2. Opposition; resistance; hostility. [Obs.]
Here have we war for war, and blood for blood,
Controlment for controlment. --Shak.
Controversal \Con`tro*ver"sal\, a.
1. Turning or looking opposite ways. [Obs.]
The temple of Janus, with his two controversal
faces. --Milton.
2. Controversial. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Controversary \Con`tro*ver"sa*ry\, a.
Controversial. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Controverse \Con"tro*verse\, n. [Cf. F. controverse.]
Controversy. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Controverse \Con"tro*verse\, v. t. [L. controversari, fr.
controversus turned against, disputed.]
To dispute; to controvert. [Obs.] ``Controversed causes.''
--Hooker.
Controverser \Con"tro*ver`ser\, n.
A disputant. [Obs.]
Controversial \Con`tro*ver"sial\, a. [Cf. LL. controversialis.]
Relating to, or consisting of, controversy; disputatious;
polemical; as, controversial divinity.
Whole libraries of controversial books. --Macaulay.
Controversialist \Con`tro*ver"sial*ist\, n.
One who carries on a controversy; a disputant.
He [Johnson] was both intellectually and morally of the
stuff of which controversialists are made. --Macaulay.
Controversially \Con`tro*ver"sial*ly\, adv.
In a controversial manner.
Controversion \Con`tro*ver"sion\, n.
Act of controverting; controversy. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Controversor \Con"tro*ver`sor\, n.
A controverser. [Obs.]
Controversy \Con"tro*ver`sy\, n.; pl. {Controversies}. [L.
controversia, fr. controversus turned against, disputed;
contro- = contra + versus, p. p. of vertere to turn. See
{Verse}.]
1. Contention; dispute; debate; discussion; agitation of
contrary opinions.
This left no room for controversy about the title.
--Locke.
A dispute is commonly oral, and a controversy in
writing. --Johnson.
2. Quarrel; strife; cause of variance; difference.
The Lord hath a controversy with the nations. --Jer.
xxv. 31.
3. A suit in law or equity; a question of right. [Obs.]
When any man that had a controversy came to the king
for judgment. --2 Sam. xv.
2.
Syn: Dispute; debate; disputation; disagreement; altercation;
contention; wrangle; strife; quarrel.
Controvert \Con"tro*vert\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Controverted};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Controverting}.] [See {Controversy}.]
To make matter of controversy; to dispute or oppose by
reasoning; to contend against in words or writings; to
contest; to debate.
Some controverted points had decided according to the
sense of the best jurists. --Macaulay.
Controverter \Con"tro*ver`ter\, n.
One who controverts; a controversial writer; a
controversialist.
Some controverters in divinity are like swaggerers in a
tavern. --B. Jonson.
Controvertible \Con`tro*ver"ti*ble\, a.
Capable of being controverted; disputable; admitting of
question. -- {Con`tro*ver"ti*bly}, adv.
Controvertist \Con"tro*ver`tist\, n.
One skilled in or given to controversy; a controversialist.
How unfriendly is the controvertist to the discernment
of the critic! --Campbell.
Contubernal \Con*tu"ber*nal\, Contubernial \Con`tu*ber"ni*al\,
a. [L. contubernalis a tent companion, fr. contubernium tent
companionship.]
Living or messing together; familiar; in companionship.
Humble folk ben Christes friends: they ben contubernial
with the Lord, thy King. --Chaucer.
Contumacious \Con`tu*ma"cious\, a. [L. contumax, -acis. See
{Contumacy}.]
1. Exhibiting contumacy; contemning authority; obstinate;
perverse; stubborn; disobedient.
There is another very, efficacious method for
subding the most obstinate, contumacious sinner.
--Hammond.
2. (Law) Willfully disobedient to the summous or prders of a
court. --Blackstone.
Syn: Stubborn; obstinate; obdurate; disobedient; perverse;
unyielding; headstrong. -- {Con`tu*ma"cious*ly}, adv. --
{Con`tu*ma"cious*ness}, n.
Contumacy \Con"tu*ma*cy\, n.; pl. {Contumacies}. [L. contumacia,
fr. contumax, -acis, insolent; prob. akin to contemnere to
despise: cf. F. contumace. Cf. {Contemn}.]
1. Stubborn perverseness; pertinacious resistance to
authority.
The bishop commanded him . . . to be thrust into the
stocks for his manifest and manifold contumacy.
--Strype.
2. (Law) A willful contempt of, and disobedience to, any
lawful summons, or to the rules and orders of court, as a
refusal to appear in court when legally summoned.
Syn: Stubbornness; perverseness; obstinacy.
Contumelious \Con`tu*me"li*ous\ (?or ?; 106), a. [L.
contumeliosus.]
1. Exhibiting contumely; rudely contemptuous; insolent;
disdainful.
Scoffs, and scorns, and contumelious taunts. --Shak.
Curving a contumelious lip. --Tennyson.
2. Shameful; disgraceful. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More. --
{Con`tu*me"li*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Con`tu*me"li*ous*ness}, n.
Contumely \Con"tu*me*ly\, n. [L. contumelia, prob. akin to
contemnere to despise: cf. OF. contumelie. Cf. {Contumacy}.]
Rudeness compounded of haughtiness and contempt; scornful
insolence; despiteful treatment; disdain; contemptuousness in
act or speech; disgrace.
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely.
--Shak.
Nothing aggravates tyranny so much as contumely.
--Burke.
Contuse \Con*tuse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Contused}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Contusing}.] [L. contusus, p. p. of contundere to
beat, crush; con- + tundere to beat, akin to Skr. tud (for
stud) to strike, Goth. stautan. See {Stutter}.]
1. To beat, pound, or together.
Roots, barks, and seeds contused together. --Bacon.
2. To bruise; to injure or disorganize a part without
breaking the skin.
{Contused wound}, a wound attended with bruising.
Contusion \Con*tu"sion\, n. [L. contusio: cf. F. contusion.]
1. The act or process of beating, bruising, or pounding; the
state of being beaten or bruised.
2. (Med.) A bruise; an injury attended with more or less
disorganization of the subcutaneous tissue and effusion of
blood beneath the skin, but without apparent wound.
Conundrum \Co*nun"drum\, n. [Origin unknown.]
1. A kind of riddle based upon some fanciful or fantastic
resemblance between things quite unlike; a puzzling
question, of which the answer is or involves a pun.
Or pun ambiguous, or conundrum quaint. --J. Philips.
2. A question to which only a conjectural answer can be made.
Do you think life is long enough to let me speculate
on conundrums like that? --W. Black.
Conure \Co*nure"\, n. [NL. conurus, fr. Gr. ? a cone + ? tail.
The name alludes to the tapering tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
An American parrakeet of the genus {Conurus}. Many species
are known. See {Parrakeet}.
Conus \Co"nus\, n. [L., a cone.]
1. A cone.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A Linnean genus of mollusks having a conical
shell. See {Cone}, n., 4.
Conusable \Con"u*sa*ble\, a.
Cognizable; liable to be tried or judged. [Obs.] --Bp.
Barlow.
Conusant \Con"u*sant\, a. (Law)
See {Cognizant}.
Conusor \Con`u*sor"\, n. (Law)
See {Cognizor}.
Convalesce \Con`va*lesce"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Convalesced};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Convalescing}.] [L. convalscere; con- +
valescere to grow strong, v. incho. of valere to be strong.
See {Vallant}.]
To recover health and strength gradually, after sickness or
weakness; as, a patient begins to convalesce.
Convalesced \Con`va*lesced"\, a.
Convalescent. [R.]
He found the queen somewhat convalesced. --J. Knox.
Convalescence \Con`va*les"cence\, Convalescency
\Con`va*les"cen*cy\, n. [L. convalescentia: cf. F.
convalescence.]
The recovery of heath and strength after disease; the state
of a body renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness; the
time between the subsidence of a disease and complete
restoration to health.
Convalescent \Con`va*les"cent\, a. [L. convalescens, -entis, p.
pr.: cf. F. convalescent.]
1. Recovering from sickness or debility; partially restored
to health or strength.
2. Of or pertaining to convalescence.
Convalescent \Con`va*les"cent\, n.
One recovering from sickness.
Convalescently \Con`va*les"cent*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a convalescent; with increasing strength or
vigor.
Convallamarin \Con*val"la*ma`rin\, n. [Convallaria + L. amarus
bitter.] (Chem.)
A white, crystalline, poisonous substance, regarded as a
glucoside, extracted from the lily of the valley
({Convallaria Majalis}). Its taste is first bitter, then
sweet.
Convallaria \Con`val*la"ri*a\, n. [NL., from L. convallis a
valley; con- + vallis valley.] (Bot. & Med.)
The lily of the valley.
Convallarin \Con`val*la"rin\, n. (Chem.)
A white, crystalline glucoside, of an irritating taste,
extracted from the convallaria or lily of the valley.
Convection \Con*vec"tion\, n. [L. convectio, fr. convehere to
bring together; con- + vehere to carry.]
1. The act or process of conveying or transmitting.
2. (Physics) A process of transfer or transmission, as of
heat or electricity, by means of currents in liquids or
gases, resulting from changes of temperature and other
causes.
Liquids are generally heated by convection -- when
heat is applied from bellow. --Nichol.
Convective \Con*vec"tive\, a.
Caused or accomplished by convection; as, a convective
discharge of electricity. --Faraday.
Convectively \Con*vec"tive*ly\, adv.
In a convective manner. --Hare.
Convellent \Con*vel"lent\, a. [L. convellens, p. pr. of
convellere. See {Convulse}.]
Tending to tear or pull up. [Obs.]
The ends of the fragment . . . will not yield to the
convellent force. --Todd &
Bowman.
Convenable \Con*ven"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being convened or assembled.
Convenable \Con"ve*na*ble\, a. [F. convenable, fr. convenir. See
{Convene}.]
Consistent; accordant; suitable; proper; as, convenable
remedies. [Obs.]
With his wod his work is convenable. --Spenser.
Convenance \Con"ve*nance\, n. [F., fitness, suitableness.]
That which is suitable, agreeable, or convenient.
And they missed Their wonted convenance, cheerly hid
the loss. --Emerson.
Convene \Con*vene"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Convened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Convenong}.] [L. convenire; con- + venire to come:
cf. F. convenir to agree, to be fitting, OF. also, to
assemble. See {Come}, and cf. {Covenant}.]
1. To come together; to meet; to unite. [R.]
In shortsighted men . . . the rays converge and
convene in the eyes before they come at the bottom.
--Sir I.
Newton.
2. To come together, as in one body or for a public purpose;
to meet; to assemble. --Locke.
The Parliament of Scotland now convened. --Sir R.
Baker.
Faint, underneath, the household fowls convene.
--Thomson.
Syn: To meet; to assemble; to congregate; to collect; to
unite.
Convene \Con*vene"\, v. t.
1. To cause to assemble; to call together; to convoke.
And now the almighty father of the gods Convenes a
council in the blest abodes. --Pope.
2. To summon judicially to meet or appear.
By the papal canon law, clerks . . . can not be
convened before any but an ecclesiastical judge.
--Ayliffe.
Convener \Con*ven"er\, n.
1. One who convenes or meets with others. [Obs.]
2. One who calls an assembly together or convenes a meeting;
hence, the chairman of a committee or other organized
body. [Scot.]
Convenience \Con*ven"ience\ (?; 106), Conveniency
\Con*ven"ien*cy\, n. [L. convenientia agreement, fitness. See
{Convenient}.]
1. The state or quality of being convenient; fitness or
suitableness, as of place, time, etc.; propriety.
Let's further think of this; Weigh what convenience
both of time and means May fit us to our shape.
--Shak.
With all brief and plain conveniency, Let me have
judgment. --Shak.
2. Freedom from discomfort, difficulty, or trouble;
commodiousness; ease; accommodation.
Thus necessity invented stools, Convenience next
suggested elbow chairs. --Cowper.
We are rather intent upon the end of God's glory
than our own conveniency. --Jer. Taylor.
3. That which is convenient; that which promotes comfort or
advantage; that which is suited to one's wants; an
accommodation.
A pair of spectacles and several other little
conveniences. --Swift.
4. A convenient or fit time; opportunity; as, to do something
at one's convenience.
Convenient \Con*ven"ient\ (?; 277), a. [L. conveniens, -entis,
suitable, p. pr. of convenire to be suitable, to come. See
{Convene}, v. i.]
1. Fit or adapted; suitable; proper; becoming; appropriate.
[Archaic]
Feed me with food convenient for me. --Prov. xxx.
8.
Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor
jesting, which are not convenient. --Eph. v. 4.
2. Affording accommodation or advantage; well adapted to use;
handly; as, a convenient house; convenient implements or
tools.
3. Seasonable; timely; opportune; as, a convenient occasion;
a convenient season. --Acts xxiv. 25.
4. Near at hand; easy of access. [Colloq.]
Hereties used to be brought thither, convenient for
burning. --Thackeray.
Syn: Fit; suitable; proper; adapted; fitted; suited; handly;
commodious.
Conveniently \Con*ven"ient*ly\, adv.
In a convenient manner, form, or situation; without
difficulty.
Convent \Con"vent\, n. [L. conventus a meeting, LL. also, a
convent. See {Convene}, v. i.]
1. A coming together; a meeting. [Obs.]
A usual ceremony at their [the witches] convents or
meetings. --B. Jonson.
2. An association or community of recluses devoted to a
religious life; a body of monks or nuns.
One of our convent, and his [the duke's] confessor.
--Shak.
3. A house occupied by a community of religious recluses; a
monastery or nunnery.
One seldom finds in Italy a spot of ground more
agreeable than ordinary that is not covered with a
convent. --Addison.
Syn: Nunnery; monastery; abbey. See {Cloister}.
Convent \Con*vent"\, v. i. [L. conventus, p. p. of convenire.
See {Convene}, v. i.]
1. To meet together; to concur. [obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
2. To be convenient; to serve. [Obs.]
When that is known and golden time convents. --Shak.
Convent \Con*vent"\, v. t.
To call before a judge or judicature; to summon; to convene.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Conventical \Con*vent"ic*al\, a.
Of or from, or pertaining to, a convent. ``Conventical
wages.'' --Sterne.
{Conventical prior}. See {Prior}.
Conventicle \Con*ven"ti*cle\, n. [L. conventiculum, dim. of
conventus: cf. F. conventicule. See {Convent}, n.]
1. A small assembly or gathering; esp., a secret assembly.
They are commanded to abstain from all conventicles
of men whatsoever. --Ayliffe.
2. An assembly for religious worship; esp., such an assembly
held privately, as in times of persecution, by
Nonconformists or Dissenters in England, or by Covenanters
in Scotland; -- often used opprobriously, as if those
assembled were heretics or schismatics.
The first Christians could never have had recourse
to nocturnal or clandestine conventicles till driven
to them by the violence of persecution. --Hammond.
A sort of men who . . . attend its [the curch of
England's] service in the morning, and go with their
wives to a conventicle in the afternoon. --Swift.
Conventicler \Con*ven"ti*cler\, n.
One who supports or frequents conventicles. --Dryden.
Conventicling \Con*ven"ti*cling\, a.
Belonging or going to, or resembling, a conventicle. [Obs.]
Conventicling schools . . . set up and taught secretly
by fanatics. --South.
Convention \Con*ven"tion\, n. [L. conventio: cf. F. convention.
See {Convene}, v. i.]
1. The act of coming together; the state of being together;
union; coalition.
The conventions or associations of several particles
of matter into bodies of any certain denomination.
--Boyle.
2. General agreement or concurrence; arbitrary custom; usage;
conventionality.
There are thousands now Such women, but convention
beats them down. --Tennyson.
3. A meeting or an assembly of persons, esp. of delegates or
representatives, to accomplish some specific object, --
civil, social, political, or ecclesiastical.
He set himself to the making of good laws in a grand
convention of his nobles. --Sir R.
Baker.
A convention of delegates from all the States, to
meet in Philadelphia, for the sole and express
purpose of reserving the federal system, and
correcting its defects. --W. Irving.
4. (Eng. Hist) An extraordinary assembly of the parkiament or
estates of the realm, held without the king's writ, -- as
the assembly which restored Charles II. to the throne, and
that which declared the throne to be abdicated by James
II.
Our gratitude is due . . . to the Long Parliament,
to the Convention, and to William of Orange.
--Macaulay.
5. An agreement or contract less formal than, or preliminary
to, a treaty; an informal compact, as between commanders
of armies in respect to suspension of hostilities, or
between states; also, a formal agreement between
governments or sovereign powers; as, a postal convention
between two governments.
This convention, I think from my soul, is nothing
but a stipulation for national ignominy; a truce
without a suspension of hostilities. --Ld. Chatham.
The convention with the State of Georgia has been
ratified by their Legislature. --T.
Jefferson.
Conventional \Con*ven"tion*al\, a. [L. conventionalis: cf. F.
conventionnel.]
1. Formed by agreement or compact; stipulated.
Conventional services reserved by tenures upon
grants, made out of the crown or knights' service.
--Sir M. Hale.
2. Growing out of, or depending on, custom or tacit
agreement; sanctioned by general concurrence or usage;
formal. ``Conventional decorum.'' --Whewell.
The conventional language appropriated to monarchs.
--Motley.
The ordinary salutations, and other points of social
behavior, are conventional. --Latham.
3. (Fine Arts)
(a) Based upon tradition, whether religious and historical
or of artistic rules.
(b) Abstracted; removed from close representation of
nature by the deliberate selection of what is to be
represented and what is to be rejected; as, a
conventional flower; a conventional shell. Cf.
{Conventionalize}, v. t.
Conventionalism \Con*ven"tion*al*ism\, n.
1. That which is received or established by convention or
arbitrary agreement; that which is in accordance with the
fashion, tradition, or usage.
All the artifice and conventionalism of life.
--Hawthorne.
They gaze on all with dead, dim eyes, -- wrapped in
conventionalisms, . . . simulating feelings
according to a received standart. --F. W.
Robertson.
2. (Fine Arts) The principles or practice of
conventionalizing. See {Conventionalize}, v. t.
Conventionalist \Con*ven"tion*al*ist\, n.
1. One who adheres to a convention or treaty.
2. One who is governed by conventionalism.
Conventionality \Con*ven`tion*al"i*ty\, n.; pl.
{Conventionalities}.
The state of being conventional; adherence to social
formalities or usages; that which is established by
conventional use; one of the customary usages of social life.
Conventionalization \Con*ven`tion*al*i*za"tion\, n. (Fine Arts)
(a) The act of making conventional.
(b) The state of being conventional.
Conventionalizw \Con*ven"tion*al*izw\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Conventionalized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Conventionalizing}.]
1. To make conventional; to bring under the influence of, or
cause to conform to, conventional rules; to establish by
usage.
2. (Fine Arts)
(a) To represent by selecting the important features and
those which are expressible in the medium employed,
and omitting the others.
(b) To represent according to an established principle,
whether religious or traditional, or based upon
certain artistic rules of supposed importance.
Conventionalize \Con*ven"tion*al*ize\, v. i. (Fine Arts)
To make designs in art, according to conventional principles.
Cf. {Conventionalize}, v. t., 2.
Conventionalily \Con*ven"tion*ali*ly\, adv.
In a conventional manner.
Conventionary \Con*ven"tion*a*ry\, a.
Acting under contract; settled by express agreement; as,
conventionary tenants. [Obs.] --R. Carew.
Conventioner \Con*ven"tion*er\, n.
One who belongs to a convention or assembly.
Conventionist \Con*ven"tion*ist\, n.
One who enters into a convention, covenant, or contract.
Conventual \Con*ven"tu*al\ (?; 135), a. [LL. conventualis: cf.
F. conventuel.]
Of or pertaining to a convent; monastic. ``A conventual
garb.'' --Macaulay.
{Conventual church}, a church attached or belonging to a
convent or monastery. --Wordsworth.
Conventual \Con*ven"tu*al\, n.
One who lives in a convent; a monk or nun; a recluse.
--Addison.
Converge \Con*verge"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Converged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Converging}.] [Pref. con- + L. vergere to turn,
incline; cf. F. converger. See {Verge}, v. i.]
To tend to one point; to incline and approach nearer
together; as, lines converge.
The mountains converge into a single ridge.
--Jefferson.
Converge \Con*verge"\, v. t.
To cause to tend to one point; to cause to incline and
approach nearer together.
I converge its rays to a focus of dazzling brilliancy.
--Tyndall.
Convergence \Con*ver"gence\, Convergency \Con*ver"gen*cy\, n.
[Cf. F. convergence.]
The condition or quality of converging; tendency to one
point.
The convergence or divergence of the rays falling on
the pupil. --Berkeley.
Convergent \Con*ver"gent\, a. [Cf. F. convergent.]
tending to one point of focus; tending to approach each
other; converging.
As many rays of light, as conveniently can be let in,
and made convergent. --Boyle.
The vast dome of its cathedral . . . directing its
convergent curves to heaven. --Hallam.
Converging \Con*ver"ging\, a.
Tending to one point; approaching each other; convergent; as,
converging lines. --Whewell.
{Converging rays}(Opt.), rays of light, which, proceeding
from different points of an object, tend toward a single
point.
{Converging series} (Math.), a series in which if an
indefinitely great number of terms be taken, their sum
will become indefinitely near in value to a fixed
quantity, which is called the sum of the series; --
opposed to a {diverging} series.
Conversable \Con*vers"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. conversable.]
Qualified for conversation; disposed to converse; sociable;
free in discourse.
While young, humane, conversable, and kind. --Cowper.
Conversableness \Con*vers"a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being conversable; disposition to converse;
sociability.
Conversably \Con*vers"a*bly\, adv.
In a conversable manner.
Conversance \Con"ver*sance\, n.
The state or quality of being conversant; habit of
familiarity; familiar acquaintance; intimacy. [R.]
Conversancy \Con"ver*san*cy\, n.
Conversance [R.]
Conversant \Con"ver*sant\, a. [L. conversans, p. pr. of
conversari: cf. F. conversant.]
1. Having frequent or customary intercourse; familiary
associated; intimately acquainted.
I have been conversant with the first persons of the
age. --Dryden.
2. Familiar or acquainted by use or study; well-informed;
versed; -- generally used with with, sometimes with in.
Deeply conversant in the Platonic philosophy.
--Dryden.
he uses the different dialects as one who had been
conversant with them all. --Pope.
Conversant only with the ways of men. --Cowper.
3. Concerned; occupied.
Education . . . is conversant about children. --W.
Wotton.
Conversant \Con*vers"ant\, n.
One who converses with another; a convenser. [R.]
Conversantly \Con"ver*sant*ly\, adv.
In a familiar manner.
Conversation \Con`ver*sa"tion\, n. [OE. conversacio (in senses 1
& 2), OF. conversacion, F. conversation, fr. L. conversatio
frequent abode in a place, intercourse, LL. also, manner of
life.]
1. General course of conduct; behavior. [Archaic]
Let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel.
--Philip. i.
27.
2. Familiar intercourse; intimate fellowship or association;
close acquaintance. ``Conversation with the best
company.'' --Dryden.
I set down, out of long experience in business and
much conversation in books, what I thought pertinent
to this business. --Bacon.
3. Commerce; intercourse; traffic. [Obs.]
All traffic and mutual conversation. --Hakluyt.
4. Colloquial discourse; oral interchange of sentiments and
observations; informal dialogue.
The influence exercised by his [Johnson's]
conversation was altogether without a parallel.
--Macaulay.
5. Sexual intercourse; as, criminal conversation.
Syn: Intercourse; communion; commerce; familiarity;
discourse; dialogue; colloquy; talk; chat.
Usage: {Conversation}, {Talk}. There is a looser sense of
these words, in which they are synonymous; there is a
stricter sense, in which they differ. Talk is usually
broken, familiar, and versatile. Conversation is more
continuous and sustained, and turns ordinarily upon
topics or higher interest. Children talk to their
parents or to their companions; men converse together
in mixed assemblies. Dr. Johnson once remarked, of an
evening spent in society, that there had been a great
deal of talk, but no conversation.
Conversational \Con`ver*sa"tion*al\
(k[o^]n`v[~e]r*s[=a]"sh[u^]n*al), a.
Pertaining to conversation; in the manner of one conversing;
as, a conversational style. --Thackeray.
Conversationalist \Con`ver*sa"tion*al*ist\, n.
A conversationist.
Conversationed \Conver*sa"tioned\ (-sh[u^]nd), a.
Acquainted with manners and deportment; behaved. [Obs.]
Till she be better conversationed, . . . I'll keep As
far from her as the gallows. --Beau. & Fl.
Conversationism \Con`ver*sa"tion*ism\ (-[i^]z'm), n.
A word or phrase used in conversation; a colloquialism.
Conversationist \Con`ver*sa"tion*ist\, n.
One who converses much, or who excels in conversation.
--Byron.
Conversative \Con*ver"sa*tive\ (k[o^]n*v[~e]r"s[.a]*t[i^]v), a.
Relating to intercourse with men; social; -- opposed to
contemplative.
She chose . . . to endue him with the conversative
qualities of youth. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Conversazi-one \Con`ver*sa`zi-o"ne\ (?or ?), n.; pl.
{Conversazioni}. [It. See {Conversation}.]
A meeting or assembly for conversation, particularly on
literary or scientific subjects. --Gray.
These conversazioni [at Florence] resemble our card
assemblies. --A. Drummond.
Converse \Con*verse"\ (k[o^]n*v[~e]rs"), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Conversed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Conversing}.] [F. converser, L.
conversari to associate with; con- + versari to be turned, to
live, remain, fr. versare to turn often, v. intens. of
vertere to turn See {Convert}.]
1. To keep company; to hold intimate intercourse; to commune;
-- followed by with.
To seek the distant hills, and there converse With
nature. --Thomson.
Conversing with the world, we use the world's
fashions. --Sir W.
Scott.
But to converse with heaven - This is not easy.
--Wordsworth.
2. To engage in familiar colloquy; to interchange thoughts
and opinions in a free, informal manner; to chat; --
followed by with before a person; by on, about,
concerning, etc., before a thing.
Companions That do converse and waste the time
together. --Shak.
We had conversed so often on that subject. --Dryden.
3. To have knowledge of, from long intercourse or study; --
said of things.
According as the objects they converse with afford
greater or less variety. --Locke.
Syn: To associate; commune; discourse; talk; chat.
Converse \Con"verse\, n.
1. Frequent intercourse; familiar communion; intimate
association. --Glanvill.
``T is but to hold Converse with Nature's charms,
and view her stores unrolled. --Byron.
2. Familiar discourse; free interchange of thoughts or views;
conversation; chat.
Formed by thy converse happily to steer From grave
to gay, from lively to severe. --Pope.
Converse \Con"verse\, a. [L. conversus, p. p. of convertere. See
{Convert}.]
Turned about; reversed in order or relation; reciprocal; as,
a converse proposition.
Converse \Con"verse\, n.
1. (Logic) A proposition which arises from interchanging the
terms of another, as by putting the predicate for the
subject, and the subject for the predicate; as, no virtue
is vice, no vice is virtue.
Note: It should not (as is often done) be confounded with the
contrary or opposite of a proposition, which is formed
by introducing the negative not or no.
2. (Math.) A proposition in which, after a conclusion from
something supposed has been drawn, the order is inverted,
making the conclusion the supposition or premises, what
was first supposed becoming now the conclusion or
inference. Thus, if two sides of a sides of a triangle are
equal, the angles opposite the sides are equal; and the
converse is true, i.e., if these angles are equal, the two
sides are equal.
Conversely \Con"verse*ly\ (? or ?; 277), adv.
In a converse manner; with change of order or relation;
reciprocally. --J. S. Mill.
Converser \Con*vers"er\, n.
One who engages in conversation.
Conversible \Con*ver"si*ble\, a.
Capable of being converted or reversed. --Hammond.
Conversion \Con*ver"sion\, n. [L. conversio: cf. F. conversion.
See {Convert}.]
1. The act of turning or changing from one state or condition
to another, or the state of being changed; transmutation;
change.
Artificial conversion of water into ice. --Bacon.
The conversion of the aliment into fat. --Arbuthnot.
2. The act of changing one's views or course, as in passing
from one side, party, or from of religion to another;
also, the state of being so changed. ``Conversion to
Christianity.'' --Prescott.
3. (Law) An appropriation of, and dealing with the property
of another as if it were one's own, without right; as, the
conversion of a horse.
Or bring my action of conversion And trover for my
goods. --Hudibras.
4. (Logic) The act of interchanging the terms of a
proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of the
predicate, or the contrary.
5. (Math.) A change or reduction of the form or value of a
proposition; as, the conversion of equations; the
conversion of proportions.
6. (Mil.)
(a) A change of front, as a body of troops attacked in the
flank.
(b) A change of character or use, as of smoothbore guns
into rifles.
7. (Theol.) A spiritual and moral change attending a change
of belief with conviction; a change of heart; a change
from the service of the world to the service of God; a
change of the ruling disposition of the soul, involving a
transformation of the outward life.
He oft Frequented their assemblies, . . . and to
them preached Conversion and repentance, as to souls
In prison under judgments imminent. --Milton.
Conversive \Con*ver"sive\, a.
1. Capable of being converted or changed.
2. Ready to converse; social. [Archaic] --Feltham.
Convert \Con*vert"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Converted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Converting}.] [L. convertere, -versum; con- + vertere
to turn: cf. F. convertir. See {Verse}.]
1. To cause to turn; to turn. [Obs.]
O, which way shall I first convert myself? --B.
Jonson.
2. To change or turn from one state or condition to another;
to alter in form, substance, or quality; to transform; to
transmute; as, to convert water into ice.
If the whole atmosphere were converted into water.
--T. Burnet.
That still lessens The sorrow, and converts it nigh
to joy. --Milton.
3. To change or turn from one belief or course to another, as
from one religion to another or from one party or sect to
another.
No attempt was made to convert the Moslems.
--Prescott.
4. To produce the spiritual change called conversion in (any
one); to turn from a bad life to a good one; to change the
heart and moral character of (any one) from the
controlling power of sin to that of holiness.
He which converteth the sinner from the error of his
way shall save a soul from death. --Lames v. 20.
5. To apply to any use by a diversion from the proper or
intended use; to appropriate dishonestly or illegally.
When a bystander took a coin to get it changed, and
converted it, [it was] held no larceny. --Cooley.
6. To exchange for some specified equivalent; as, to convert
goods into money.
7. (Logic) To change (one proposition) into another, so that
what was the subject of the first becomes the predicate of
the second.
8. To turn into another language; to translate. [Obs.]
Which story . . . Catullus more elegantly converted.
--B. Jonson.
{Converted guns}, cast-iron guns lined with wrought-iron or
steel tubes. --Farrow.
{Converting furnace} (Steel Manuf.), a furnace in which
wrought iron is converted into steel by cementation.
Syn: To change; turn; transmute; appropriate.
Convert \Con*vert"\, v. i.
To be turned or changed in character or direction; to undergo
a change, physically or morally.
If Nebo had had the preaching that thou hast, they [the
Neboites] would have converted. --Latimer.
A red dust which converth into worms. --Sandys.
The public hope And eye to thee converting. --Thomson.
Convert \Con"vert\, n.
1. A person who is converted from one opinion or practice to
another; a person who is won over to, or heartily
embraces, a creed, religious system, or party, in which he
has not previously believed; especially, one who turns
from the controlling power of sin to that of holiness, or
from unbelief to Christianity.
The Jesuits did not persuade the converts to lay
aside the use of images. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
2. A lay friar or brother, permitted to enter a monastery for
the service of the house, but without orders, and not
allowed to sing in the choir.
Syn: Proselyte; neophyte.
Usage: {Convert}, {Proselyte}, {Pervert}. A convert is one
who turns from what he believes to have been a decided
error of faith or practice. Such a change may relate
to religion, politics, or other subjects. properly
considered, it is not confined to speculation alone,
but affects the whole current of one's feelings and
the tenor of his actions. As such a change carries
with it the appearance of sincerity, the term convert
is usually taken in a good sense. Proselyte is a term
of more ambiguous use and application. It was first
applied to an adherent of one religious system who had
transferred himself externally to some other religious
system; and is also applied to one who makes a similar
transfer in respect to systems of philosophy or
speculation. The term has little or no reference to
the state of the heart. Pervert is a term of recent
origin, designed to express the contrary of convert,
and to stigmatize a person as drawn off perverted from
the true faith. It has been more particulary applied
by members of the Church of England to those who have
joined the Roman Catholic Church.
Convertend \Con`ver*tend"\, n. [L. convertenus to be converted.]
(Logic)
Any proposition which is subject to the process of
conversion; -- so called in its relation to itself as
converted, after which process it is termed the converse. See
{Converse}, n. (Logic).
Converter \Con*vert"er\, n.
1. One who converts; one who makes converts.
2. (Steel Manuf.) A retort, used in the Bessemer process, in
which molten cast iron is decarburized and converted into
steel by a blast of air forced through the liquid metal.
Convertibility \Con*vert`i*bil"i*ty\, n.
The condition or quality of being convertible; capability of
being exchanged; convertibleness.
The mutual convertibility of land into money, and of
money into land. --Burke.
Convertible \Con*vert"i*ble\, a. [L. convertibilis: cf. F.
convertible.]
1. Capable of being converted; susceptible of change;
transmutable; transformable.
Minerals are not convertible into another species,
though of the same genus. --Harvey.
2. Capable of being exchanged or interchanged; reciprocal;
interchangeable.
So long as we are in the regions of nature,
miraculous and improbable, miraculous and
incredible, may be allowed to remain convertible
terms. --Trench.
Convertibleness \Con*vert"i*ble*ness\, n.
The state of being convertible; convertibility.
Convertibly \Con*vert"i*bly\, adv.
In a convertible manner.
Convertite \Con"vert*ite\, n. [Cf. It. convertito, p. p. of
convertire to convert.]
A convert. [Obs.] --Shak.
Convex \Con"vex\, a. [L. convexus vaulted, arched, convex,
concave, fr. convehere to bring together: cf. F. convexe. See
{Vehicle}.]
Rising or swelling into a spherical or rounded form;
regularly protuberant or bulging; -- said of a spherical
surface or curved line when viewed from without, in
opposition to concave.
Drops of water naturally form themselves into figures
with a convex surface. --Whewell.
{Double convex}, convex on both sides; convexo-convex.
Convex \Con"vex\, n.
A convex body or surface.
Half heaven's convex glitters with the flame.
--Tickell.
Note: This word was often pronounced con-vex' by early
writers, as by Milton, and occasionally by later poets.
Convexed \Con"vexed\ (? or ?), a.
Made convex; protuberant in a spherical form. --Sir T.
Browne.
Convexedly \Con*vex"ed*ly\, dv.
In a convex form; convexly. --Sir T. Browne.
Convexedness \Con*vex"ed*ness\, n.
Convexity.
Convexity \Con*vex"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Convexities}. [L. convexitas:
cf. F. convexit['e].]
The state of being convex; the exterior surface of a convex
body; roundness.
A smooth, uniform convexity and rotundity of a globe.
--Bentley.
Convexly \Con"vex*ly\, adv.
In a convex form; as, a body convexly shaped.
Convexness \Con"vex*ness\, n.
The state of being convex; convexity.
Convexo-concave \Con*vex"o-con"cave\ (?or ?), a.
Convex on one side, and concave on the other. The curves of
the convex and concave sides may be alike or may be
different. See {Meniscus}.
Convexo-convex \Con*vex"o-con"vex\, a.
Convex on both sides; double convex. See under {Convex}, a.
Convexo-plane \Con*vex"o-plane`\, a.
Convex on one side, and flat on the other; plano-convex.
Convey \Con*vey"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Conveyed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Conveying}.] [OF. conveir, convoier, to escort, convoy,
F. convoyer, LL. conviare, fr. L. con- + via way. See
{Viaduct}, {Voyage}, and cf. {Convoy}.]
1. To carry from one place to another; to bear or transport.
I will convey them by sea in fleats. --1 Kings v.
9.
Convey me to my bed, then to my grave. --Shak.
2. To cause to pass from one place or person to another; to
serve as a medium in carrying (anything) from one place or
person to another; to transmit; as, air conveys sound;
words convey ideas.
3. To transfer or deliver to another; to make over, as
property; more strictly (Law), to transfer (real estate)
or pass (a title to real estate) by a sealed writing.
The Earl of Desmond . . . secretly conveyed all his
lands to feoffees in trust. --Spenser.
4. To impart or communicate; as, to convey an impression; to
convey information.
Men fill one another's heads with noise and sound,
but convey not thereby their thoughts. --Locke.
5. To manage with privacy; to carry out. [Obs.]
I . . . will convey the business as I shall find
means. --Shak.
6. To carry or take away secretly; to steal; to thieve.
[Obs.]
7. To accompany; to convoy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Syn: To carry; transport; bear; transmit; trnsfer.
Convey \Con*vey"\, v. i.
To play the thief; to steal. [Cant]
But as I am Crack, I will convey, crossbite, and cheat
upon Simplicius. --Marston.
Conveyable \Con*vey"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being conveyed or transferred. --Burke.
Conveyance \Con*vey"ance\, n.
1. The act of conveying, carrying, or transporting; carriage.
The long joirney was to be performed on horseback,
-- the only sure mode of conveyamce. --Prescott.
Following th river downward, there is conveyance
into the countries named in the text. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
2. The instrument or means of carrying or transporting
anything from place to place; the vehicle in which, or
means by which, anything is carried from one place to
another; as, stagecoaches, omnibuses, etc., are
conveyances; a canal or aqueduct is a conveyance for
water.
There pipes and these conveyances of our blood.
--Shak.
3. The act or process of transferring, transmitting, handing
down, or communicating; transmission.
Tradition is no infallible way of conveyance.
--Stillingfleet.
4. (Law) The act by which the title to property, esp. real
estate, is transferred; transfer of ownership; an
instrument in writing (as a deed or mortgage), by which
the title to property is conveyed from one person to
another.
[He] found the conveyances in law to be so firm,
that in justice he must decree the land to the earl.
--Clarendon.
5. Dishonest management, or artifice. [Obs.]
the very jesuits themselves . . . can not possibly
devise any juggling conveyance how to shift it off.
--Hakewill.
Conveyancer \Con*vey"an*cer\, n. (Law)
One whose business is to draw up conveyances of property, as
deeds, mortgages, leases, etc. --Burrill.
Conveyancing \Con*vey"an*cing\, n. (Law)
The business of a conveyancer; the act or business of drawing
deeds, leases, or other writings, for transferring the title
to property from one person to another.
Conveyer \Con*vey"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, conveys or carries, transmits or
transfers.
2. One given to artifices or secret practices; a juggler; a
cheat; a thief. [Obs.] --Shak.
Conveyor \Con*vey"or\, n. (Mach.)
A contrivance for carrying objects from place to place; esp.,
one for conveying grain, coal, etc., -- as a spiral or screw
turning in a pipe or trough, an endless belt with buckets, or
a truck running along a rope.
Conviciate \Con*vi"ci*ate\, v. i. [L. conviciatus, p. p. of
conviciari to revile, fr. convicium loud reproach.]
To utter reproaches; to raise a clamor; to rail. [Obs.]
To conviciate instead of accusing. --Laud.
Convicinity \Con`vi*cin"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Convicinities}.
Immediate vicinity; neighborhood.
The convicinity and contiguity of the two parishes.
--T. Warton.
Convicious \Con*vi"cious\, a.
Expressing reproach; abusive; railing; taunting. [Obs.]
``Convicious words.'' --Queen Elizabeth (1559).
Convict \Con*vict"\, p.a. [L. convictus, p. p. of convincere to
convict, prove. See {Convice}.]
Proved or found guilty; convicted. [Obs.] --Shak.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law. --Milton.
Convict \Con"vict\, n.
1. A person proved guilty of a crime alleged against him; one
legally convicted or sentenced to punishment for some
crime.
2. A criminal sentenced to penal servitude.
Syn: Malefactor; culprit; felon; criminal.
Convict \Con*vict"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Convicted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Convicting}.]
1. To prove or find guilty of an offense or crime charged; to
pronounce guilty, as by legal decision, or by one's
conscience.
He [Baxter] . . . had been convicted by a jury.
--Macaulay.
They which heard it, being convicted by their own
conscience, went out one by one. --John viii.
9.
2. To prove or show to be false; to confute; to refute.
[Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
3. To demonstrate by proof or evidence; to prove.
Imagining that these proofs will convict a
testament, to have that in it which other men can
nowhere by reading find. --Hooker.
4. To defeat; to doom to destruction. [Obs.]
A whole armado of convicted sail. --Shak.
Syn: To confute; defect; convince; confound.
Convict1ible \Con*vict1i*ble\, a.
Capable of being convicted. [R.] --Ash.
Conviction \Con*vic"tion\, n. [L. convictio proof: cf. F.
conviction conviction (in sense 3 & 4). See {Convict},
{Convince}.]
1. The act of convicting; the act of proving, finding, or
adjudging, guilty of an offense.
The greater certainty of conviction and the greater
certainty of punishment. --Hallam.
2. (Law) A judgment of condemnation entered by a court having
jurisdiction; the act or process of finding guilty, or the
state of being found guilty of any crime by a legal
tribunal.
Conviction may accrue two ways. --Blackstone.
3. The act of convincing of error, or of compelling the
admission of a truth; confutation.
For all his tedious talk is but vain boast, Or
subtle shifts conviction to evade. --Milton.
4. The state of being convinced or convicted; strong
persuasion or belief; especially, the state of being
convicted of sin, or by one's conscience.
To call good evil, and evil good, against the
conviction of their own consciences. --Swift.
And did you presently fall under the power of this
conviction? --Bunyan.
Syn: {Conviction}; {persuasion}.
Usage: Conviction respects soley matters of belief or faith;
persuasion respects matters of belief or practice.
Conviction respects our most important duties;
persuasion is frequently applied to matters of
indifference. --Crabb. -- Conviction is the result of
the [operation of the] understanding; persuasion, of
the will. Conviction is a necessity of the mind,
persuasion an acquiescence of the inclination. --C. J.
Smith. -- Persuasion often induces men to act in
opposition to their conviction of duty.
Convictism \Con"vict*ism\, n.
The policy or practice of transporting convicts to penal
settlements. ``The evils of convictism.'' --W. Howitt.
Convictive \Con*vict"ive\, a.
Convincing. [R.]
The best and most convictive argument. --Glanwill.
-- {Con*vict"ive*ly}, adv. -- {Con*vict"ive*ness}, n.
Convince \Con*vince"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Convinced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Convincing}.] [L. convincere, -victum, to refute,
prove; con- + vincere to conquer. See {Victor}, and cf.
{Convict}.]
1. To overpower; to overcome; to subdue or master. [Obs.]
His two chamberlains Will I with wine and wassail so
convince That memory, the warder of the brain, Shall
be a fume. --Shak.
2. To overcome by argument; to force to yield assent to
truth; to satisfy by proof.
Such convincing proofs and assurances of it as might
enable them to convince others. --Atterbury.
3. To confute; to prove the fallacy of. [Obs.]
God never wrought miracle to convince atheism,
because his ordinary works convince it. --Bacon.
4. To prove guilty; to convict. [Obs.]
Which of you convinceth me of sin? --John viii.
46.
Seek not to convince me of a crime Which I can ne'er
repent, nor you can pardon. --Dryden.
Syn: To persuade; satisfy; convict.
Usage: To {Convince}, {persuade}. To convince is an act of
the understanding; to persuade, of the will or
feelings. The one is effected by argument, the other
by motives. There are cases, however, in which
persuade may seem to be used in reference only to the
assent of the understanding; as when we say, I am
persuaded it is so; I can not persuade myself of the
fact. But in such instances there is usually or always
a degree of awakened feeling which has had its share
in producing the assent of the understanding.
Convincement \Con*vince"ment\, n.
Act of convincing, or state of being convinced; conviction.
[R.]
The fear of a convincement. --Milton.
Convincer \Con*vin"cer\, n.
One who, or that which, convinces; one who wins over by
proof.
Convincible \Con*vin"ci*ble\, a.
1. Capable of being convinced or won over.
2. Capable of being confuted and disproved by argument;
refutable. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Convincingly \Con*vin"cing*ly\, adv.
in a convincing manner; in a manner to compel assent.
Convincingness \Con*vin"cing*ness\, n.
The power of convincing, or the quality of being convincing.
Convival \Con*viv"al\, a. [L. convivalis. See {Convive}.]
pertaining to a feast or to festivity; convivial. [Obs.] ``A
convival dish.'' --Sir T. Browne.
Convive \Con*vive"\, v. i. [L. convivari; akin to convivium a
feast, convivere to live or feast together; con- + vivere to
live.]
To feast together; to be convivial. [Obs.] ``There, in the
full, convive we.'' --Shak.
Convive \Con"vive\, n. [L. conviva: cf. F. convive.]
A quest at a banquet. [R.] --Beaumont.
Convivial \Con*viv"i*al\ (?; 277), a. [From L. convivium a
feast; con- + vivere to live. See {Victuals}, and cf.
{Convive}.]
Of or relating to a feast or entertainment, or to eating and
drinking, with accompanying festivity; festive; social; gay;
jovial.
Which feasts convivial meetings we did name. --Denham.
Convivialist \Con*viv"i*al*ist\, n.
A person of convivial habits.
Conviviality \Con*viv`i*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Convivialities}.
The good humor or mirth indulged in upon festive occasions; a
convivial spirit or humor; festivity.
Convivially \Con*viv"i*al*ly\, adv.
In a convivial manner.
Convocate \Con"vo*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Convocated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Convocating}.] [L. convocatus, p. p. of
convocare to convocate; con- + vocare to call. See {Vocal},
and cf. {Convoce}.]
To convoke; to call together. [Obs.] --May (Lucan).
Convocation \Con`vo*ca"tion\, n. [L. convocatio: cf. F.
convocation. See {Convoke}.]
1. The act of calling or assembling by summons.
2. An assembly or meeting.
In the first day there shall be a holy convocation.
--Ex. xii. 16.
3. (Ch. of Eng.) An assembly of the clergy, by their
representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs.
Note: In England, the provinces of Canterbury and York have
each their convocation, but no session for business
were allowed from 1717 to 1861. The Convocation of
Canterbury consists of two houses. In the Convocation
of York the business has been generally conducted in
one assembly.
4. (Oxf. University) An academical assembly, in which the
business of the university is transacted.
Syn: meeting; assembly; congregation; congress; diet;
convention; synod; council.
Convocational \Con`vo*ca"tion*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a convocation.
Convocationist \Con`vo*ca"tion*ist\, n.
An advocate or defender of convocation.
Convoke \Con*voke"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Convoked}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Convoking}.] [L. convocare: cf. F. convoquer. See
{Convocate}.]
To call together; to summon to meet; to assemble by summons.
There remained no resource but the dreadful one of
convoking a parliament. --palfrey.
Syn: To summon; assemble; convene. See {Call}.
Convolute \Con"vo*lute\, a. [L. convolutus, p. p. of convolvere.
See {Convolve}.] (Bot.)
Rolled or wound together, one part upon another; -- said of
the leaves of plants in [ae]stivation.
Convoluted \Con"vo*lu`ted\, a.
1. Having convolutions.
beaks recurved and convoluted like a ram's horn.
--Pennant.
2. Folded in tortuous windings.
A highly convoluted brain. --North Amer.
Rev.
Convolution \Con`vo*lu"tion\, n.
1. The act of rolling anything upon itself, or one thing upon
another; a winding motion.
O'er the calm sea, in convolution swift, The
feathered eddy floats. --Thomson.
2. The state of being rolled upon itself, or rolled or
doubled together; a tortuous or sinuous winding or fold,
as of something rolled or folded upon itself. --Blackmore.
3. (Anat.) An irregular, tortuous folding of an organ or
part; as, the convolutions of the intestines; the cerebral
convolutions. See {Brain}.
Convolve \Con*volve"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Convolved}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Convolving}.] [L. convolvere, -volutum; con- +
volvere to roll. See {Voluble}.]
To roll or wind together; to roll or twist one part on
another.
Then Satan first knew pain, And writhed him to and fro
convolved. --Milton.
Convolvulaceous \Con*vol`vu*la"ceous\, a. [From {Convolvus}.]
(Bot.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of
which the bindweed and the morning-glory are common examples.
Convolvulin \Con*vol"vu*lin\, n. (Chem.)
A glucoside occurring in jalap (the root of a convolvulaceous
plant), and extracted as a colorless, tasteless, gummy mass
of powerful purgative properties.
Convolvulus \Con*vol"vu*lus\, n.; pl. L.{Convolvuli}, E.
{Convoluluses}. [L., bindweed, fr. convolvere to roll around.
So named from its twining stems.] (Bot.)
A large genus of plants having monopetalous flowers,
including the common bindweed ({C. arwensis}), and formerly
the morning-glory, but this is now transferred to the genus
{Ipom[ae]a}.
The luster of the long convolvuluses That coiled around
the stately stems. --Tennyson.
Convoy \Con*voy"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Convoyed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Convoying}.] [F. convoyer, OF. conveier, convoier. See
{Convey}.]
To accompany for protection, either by sea or land; to attend
for protection; to escort; as, a frigate convoys a
merchantman.
I know ye skillful to convoy The total freight of hope
and joy. --Emerson.
Convoy \Con"voy\, n. [F. convoi.]
1. The act of attending for defense; the state of being so
attended; protection; escort.
To obtain the convoy of a man-of-war. --Macaulay.
2. A vessel or fleet, or a train or trains of wagons,
employed in the transportation of munitions of war, money,
subsistence, clothing, etc., and having an armed escort.
3. A protection force accompanying ships, etc., on their way
from place to place, by sea or land; an escort, for
protection or guidance.
When every morn my bosom glowed To watch the convoy
on the road. --Emerson.
4. Conveyance; means of transportation. [Obs.] --Shak.
5. A drag or brake applied to the wheels of a carriage, to
check their velocity in going down a hill. --Knight.
Convulse \Con*vulse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Convulsed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Convulsing}.] [L. convulsus, p. p. of convellere to
tear up, to shake; con- + vellere to pluck, pull.]
1. To contract violently and irregulary, as the muscular
parts of an animal body; to shake with irregular spasms,
as in excessive laughter, or in agony from grief or pain.
With emotions which checked his voice and convulsed
his powerful frame. --Macaulay.
2. To agitate greatly; to shake violently.
The world is convulsed by the agonies of great
nations. --Macaulay.
Syn: To agitate; disturb; shake; tear; rend.
Convulsion \Con*vul"sion\, n. [L. convulsio: cf. F. convulsion.]
1. (Med.) An unnatural, violent, and unvoluntary contraction
of the muscular parts of an animal body.
2. Any violent and irregular motion or agitation; a violent
shaking; a tumult; a commotion.
Those two massy pillars, With horrible convulsion,
to and fro He tugged, he shook, till down they came.
--Milton.
Times of violence and convulsion. --Ames.
Syn: Agitation; commotion; tumult; disturbance.
Convulsional \Con*vul"sion*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or having, convulsions; convulsionary. [R.]
--Lamb.
Convulsionary \Con*vul"sion*a*ry\, a. [Cf. F. convulsionnaire.]
Pertaining to convulsion; convulsive. ``Convulsionary
struggles.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Convulsionary \Con*vul"sion*a*ry\, n.
A convulsionist.
Convulsionist \Con*vul"sion*ist\, n.
One who has convulsions; esp., one of a body of fanatics in
France, early in the eighteenth century, who went into
convulsions under the influence of religious emotion; as, the
Convulsionists of St. M['e]dard.
Convulsive \Con*vul"sive\, a. [Cf. F. convulsif.]
Producing, or attended with, convulsions or spasms;
characterized by convulsions; convulsionary.
An irregular, convulsive movement may be necessary to
throw off an irregular, convulsive disease. --Burke.
Convulsively \Con*vul"sive*ly\, adv.
in a convulsive manner.
Cony \Co"ny\ (? or ?; 277), n. [OE. coning, conig, coni, OF.
connin, conin, connil, fr. L. cuniculus a rabbit, cony, prob.
an Hispanic word.] [Written also {coney}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A rabbit, esp., the European rabbit ({Lepus
cuniculus}).
(b) The chief hare.
Note: The cony of Scripture is thought to be {Hyrax
Syriacus}, called also {daman}, and {cherogril}. See
{Daman}.
2. A simpleton. [Obs.]
It is a most simple animal; whence are derived our
usual phrases of cony and cony catcher. --Diet's Dry
Dinner (1599).
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An important edible West Indian fish ({Epinephelus
apua}); the hind of Bermuda.
(b) A local name of the burbot. [Eng.]
Cony-catch \Co"ny-catch\, v. t.
To deceive; to cheat; to trick. [Obs.]
Take heed, Signor Baptista, lest you be cony-catched in
the this business. --Shak.
Cony-catcher \Co"ny-catch`er\, n.
A cheat; a sharper; a deceiver. [Obs.] --Minsheu.
Conylene \Con"y*lene\, n. [Conine + acetylene.]
An oily substance, {C8H14}, obtained from several derivatives
of conine.
Conyrine \Con"y*rine\, n. [From {Conine}.] (Chem.)
A blue, fluorescent, oily base (regarded as a derivative of
pyridine), obtained from conine.
Coo \Coo\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cooed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cooing}.]
1. To make a low repeated cry or sound, like the
characteristic note of pigeons or doves.
The stockdove only through the forest cooes,
Mournfully hoarse. --Thomson.
2. To show affection; to act in a loving way. See under
{Bill}, v. i. ``Billing or cooing.'' --Byron.
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.]
A peculiar whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes
as a call or signal. [Written also {cooie}.]
Cook \Cook\ (k[=oo]k), v. i. [Of imitative origin.]
To make the noise of the cuckoo. [Obs. or R.]
Constant cuckoos cook on every side. --The
Silkworms
(1599).
Cook \Cook\ (k[oo^]k), v. t. [Etymol. unknown.]
To throw. [Prov.Eng.] ``Cook me that ball.'' --Grose.
Cook \Cook\ (k[oo^]k), n. [AS. c[=o]c, fr. l. cocus, coquus,
coquus, fr. coquere to cook; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. pac, and to
E. apricot, biscuit, concoct, dyspepsia, precocious. Cf.
{Pumpkin}.]
1. One whose occupation is to prepare food for the table; one
who dresses or cooks meat or vegetables for eating.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A fish, the European striped wrasse.
Cook \Cook\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cooked}; p. pr & vb. n.
{Cooking}.]
1. To prepare, as food, by boiling, roasting, baking,
broiling, etc.; to make suitable for eating, by the agency
of fire or heat.
2. To concoct or prepare; hence, to tamper with or alter; to
garble; -- often with up; as, to cook up a story; to cook
an account. [Colloq.]
They all of them receive the same advices from
abroad, and very often in the same words; but their
way of cooking it is so different. --Addison.
Cook \Cook\ (k[oo^]k), v. i.
To prepare food for the table.
Cookbook \Cook"book`\ (-b[oo^]k`), n.
A book of directions and receipts for cooking; a cookery
book. [U.S.]
``Just How'': a key to the cookbooks. --Mrs. A. D.
T. Whitney.
Cookee \Cook*ee"\ (k[oo^]k*[=e]"), n.
A female cook. [R.]
Cookery \Cook"er*y\ (k[oo^]k"[~e]r*[y^]), n.
1. The art or process of preparing food for the table, by
dressing, compounding, and the application of heat.
2. A delicacy; a dainty. [Obs.] --R. North.
Cookey \Cook"ey\, Cookie \Cook"ie\, n.
See {Cooky}.
Cookmaid \Cook"maid`\, n.
A female servant or maid who dresses provisions and assists
the cook.
Cookroom \Cook"room`\, n.
A room for cookery; a kitchen; the galley or caboose of a
ship. --Sir W. Raleigh.
Cookshop \Cook`shop\, n.
An eating house. ``A subterranean cookshop.'' --Macaulay.
Cooky \Cook"y\, n.; pl. {Cookies}. [Cf. D. koek cake, dim.
koekje; akin to G. kuchen, E. cake; or cf. OE. coket, prob.,
a sort of cake, and prob. of French origin.]
A small, flat, sweetened cake of various kinds.
Cool \Cool\, a. [Compar. {Cooler}; superl. {Coolest}.] [AS.
c[=o]l; akin to D. koel, G. k["u]hl, OHG. chouli, Dan.
k["o]lig, Sw. kylig, also to AS. calan to be cold, Icel.
kala. See {Cold}, and cf. {Chill}.]
1. Moderately cold; between warm and cold; lacking in warmth;
producing or promoting coolness.
Fanned with cool winds. --Milton.
2. Not ardent, warm, fond, or passionate; not hasty;
deliberate; exercising self-control; self-possessed;
dispassionate; indifferent; as, a cool lover; a cool
debater.
For a patriot, too cool. --Goldsmith.
3. Not retaining heat; light; as, a cool dress.
4. Manifesting coldness or dislike; chilling; apathetic; as,
a cool manner.
5. Quietly impudent; negligent of propriety in matters of
minor importance, either ignorantly or willfully;
presuming and selfish; audacious; as, cool behavior.
Its cool stare of familiarity was intolerable.
--Hawthorne.
6. Applied facetiously, in a vague sense, to a sum of money,
commonly as if to give emphasis to the largeness of the
amount.
He had lost a cool hundred. --Fielding.
Leaving a cool thousand to Mr. Matthew Pocket.
--Dickens.
Syn: Calm; dispassionate; self-possessed; composed;
repulsive; frigid; alienated; impudent.
Cool \Cool\, n.
A moderate state of cold; coolness; -- said of the
temperature of the air between hot and cold; as, the cool of
the day; the cool of the morning or evening.
Cool \Cool\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cooled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cooling}.]
1. To make cool or cold; to reduce the temperature of; as,
ice cools water.
Send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger
in water, and cool my tongue. --Luke xvi.
24.
2. To moderate the heat or excitement of; to allay, as
passion of any kind; to calm; to moderate.
We have reason to cool our raging motions, our
carnal stings, our unbitted lusts. --Shak.
{To cool the heels}, to dance attendance; to wait, as for
admission to a patron's house. [Colloq.] --Dryden.
Cool \Cool\, v. i.
1. To become less hot; to lose heat.
I saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus, the
whilst his iron did on the anvil cool. --Shak.
2. To lose the heat of excitement or passion; to become more
moderate.
I will not give myself liberty to think, lest I
should cool. --Congreve.
Cooler \Cool"er\, n.
That which cools, or abates heat or excitement.
if acid things were used only as coolers, they would
not be so proper in this case. --Arbuthnot.
2. Anything in or by which liquids or other things are
cooled, as an ice chest, a vessel for ice water, etc.
Cool-headed \Cool"-head`ed\, a.
Having a temper not easily excited; free from passion. --
{Cool"-head`ed*ness}, n.
Coolie \Coo"lie\, n.
Same as {Cooly}.
Cooling \Cool"ing\, p.a.
Adapted to cool and refresh; allaying heat. ``The cooling
brook.'' --Goldsmith.
{Cooling card}, something that dashes hopes. [Obs.]
{Cooling time} (Law), such a lapse of time as ought, taking
all the circumstances of the case in view, to produce a
subsiding of passion previously provoked. --Wharton.
Coolish \Cool"ish\, a.
Somewhat cool.
The nights began to grow a little coolish. --Goldsmith.
Coolly \Cool"ly\, a.
Coolish; cool. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Coolly \Cool"ly\, adv.
In a cool manner; without heat or excessive cold; without
passion or ardor; calmly; deliberately; with indifference;
impudently.
Coolness \Cool"ness\, n.
1. The state of being cool; a moderate degree of cold; a
moderate degree, or a want, of passion; want of ardor,
zeal, or affection; calmness.
2. Calm impudence; self-possession. [Colloq.]
Coolung \Coo"lung\, n. [From the native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The great gray crane of India ({Grus cinerea}). [Also written
{coolen} and {cullum}.]
Cooly \Coo"ly\, Coolie \Coo"lie\, n.; pl. {Coolies}. [Hind.
k?l[=i] a laborer, porter: cf. Turk. k?l, ky?leh, slave.]
An East Indian porter or carrier; a laborer transported from
the East Indies, China, or Japan, for service in some other
country.
Coom \Coom\, n. [Cf. G. kahm mold gathered on liquids, D. kam,
Sw. kimr["o]k pine soot, smoke black, Icel. k[=a]m grime,
film of dirt.]
Soot; coal dust; refuse matter, as the dirty grease which
comes from axle boxes, or the refuse at the mouth of an oven.
--Phillips. Bailey.
Coomb \Coomb\, n. [AS. cumb a liquid measure, perh. from LL.
cumba boat, tomb of stone, fr. Gr. ? hollow of a vessel, cup,
boat, but cf. G. kumpf bowl.]
A dry measure of four bushels, or half a quarter. [Written
also {comb}.]
Coomb \Coomb\, Coombe \Coombe\, n. [See {Comb}, {Combe}, in this
sense.]
A hollow in a hillside. [Prov. Eng.] See {Comb}, {Combe}.
Coon \Coon\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A raccoon. See {Raccoon}.
Coontie \Coon"tie\, n. (Bot.)
A cycadaceous plant of Florida and the West Indies, the
{Zamia integrifolia}, from the stems of which a kind of sago
is prepared.
Coop \Coop\ (k[=oo]p), n. [Cf. AS. cypa a measure, D. kuip tub,
Icel. kupa bowl, G. kufe coop tub; all fr. L. cupa vat, tub,
LL. cupa, copa, cup. See {Cup}, and cf. {Keeve}.]
1. A barrel or cask for liquor. [Obs.] --Johnson.
2. An inclosure for keeping small animals; a pen; especially,
a grated box for confining poultry.
3. A cart made close with boards; a tumbrel. [Scotch]
Coop \Coop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cooped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cooping}.]
To confine in a coop; hence, to shut up or confine in a
narrow compass; to cramp; -- usually followed by up,
sometimes by in.
The Trojans cooped within their walls so long.
--Dryden.
The contempt of all other knowledge . . . coops the
understanding up within narrow bounds. --Locke.
2. To work upon in the manner of a cooper. [Obs.] ``Shaken
tubs . . . be new cooped.'' --Holland.
Syn: To crowd; confine; imprison.
Coopee \Coo*pee"\, n.
See {Coupe}. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Cooper \Coop"er\ (?; 277), n. [From {Coop}.]
One who makes barrels, hogsheads, casks, etc.
Cooper \Coop"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coopered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Coopering}.]
To do the work of a cooper upon; as, to cooper a cask or
barrel.
Cooperage \Coop"er*age\, n.
1. Work done by a cooper.
2. The price paid for coopers; work.
3. A place where coopers' work is done.
Cooperant \Co*["o]p"er*ant\, a. [Cf. F. coop['e]rant.]
Operating together; as, co["o]perant forces.
Cooperate \Co*["o]p"er*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Co["o]perated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Co["o]perating}.] [L.
co["o]peratus, p. p. of co["o]perari to co["o]perate; co +
operari to work, opus work. See {Operate}.]
To act or operate jointly with another or others; to concur
in action, effort, or effect.
Whate'er co["o]perates to the common mirth. --Crashaw.
Cooperation \Co*["o]p`er*a"tion\, n. [L. co["o]peratio: cf. F.
coop['e]ration.]
1. The act of co["o]perating, or of operating together to one
end; joint operation; concurrent effort or labor.
Not holpen by the co["o]peration of angels. --Bacon.
2. (Polit. Econ.) The association of a number of persons for
their benefit.
Cooperative \Co*["o]p"er*a*tive\, a.
Operating jointly to the same end.
{Co["o]perative society}, a society established on the
principle of a joint-stock association, for the production
of commodities, or their purchase and distribution for
consumption, or for the borrowing and lending of capital
among its members.
{Co["o]perative store}, a store established by a
co["o]perative society, where the members make their
purchases and share in the profits or losses.
Cooperator \Co*["o]p"er*a`tor\, n. [L.: cf. F. coop['e]rateur.]
One who labors jointly with others to promote the same end.
``Co["o]perators with the truth.'' --Boyle.
Cooper \Coop"er\, n.
Work done by a cooper in making or repairing barrels, casks,
etc.; the business of a cooper.
Coopery \Coop"er*y\, a.
Relating to a cooper; coopered. [Obs.]
Coopery vessels made of wood. --Holland.
Coopery \Coop"er*y\, n.
The occupation of a cooper. --Crabb.
Coopt \Co*["o]pt"\, v. t. [See {Co["o]ptate}. Cf. F. coopter.]
To choose or elect in concert with another. [R.]
Each of the hundred was to co["o]pt three others.
--Jowett
(Thysyd. ).
Cooptate \Co*["o]p"tate\, v. t. [L. co["o]ptatus, p. p. of
co["o]tare to elect to something; co- + optare to choose.]
To choose; to elect; to co["o]pt. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Cooptation \Co`["o]p*ta"tion\, n. [L. co["o]ptatio.]
The act of choosing; selection; choice. [Obs.]
The first election and co["o]ptation of a friend.
--Howell.
Coordain \Co`["o]r*dain\, v. t.
To ordain or appoint for some purpose along with another.
Coordinance \Co*["o]r"di*nance\, n.
Joint ordinance.
Coordinate \Co*["o]r"di*nate\, a. [Pref. co- + L. ordinatus, p.
p. of ordinare to regulate. See {Ordain}.]
Equal in rank or order; not subordinate.
Whether there was one Supreme Governor of the world, or
many co["o]rdinate powers presiding over each country.
--Law.
Conjunctions joint sentences and co["o]rdinate terms.
--Rev. R.
Morris.
{Co["o]rdinate adjectives}, adjectives disconnected as
regards ane another, but referring equally to the same
subject.
{Co["o]rdinate conjunctions}, conjunctions joining
independent propositions. --Rev. R. Morris.
Coordinate \Co*["o]r"di*nate\ (-n[=a]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Co["o]rdinated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Co["o]rdinating}.]
1. To make co["o]rdinate; to put in the same order or rank;
as, to co["o]rdinate ideas in classification.
2. To give a common action, movement, or condition to; to
regulate and combine so as to produce harmonious action;
to adjust; to harmonize; as, to co["o]rdinate muscular
movements.
Coordinate \Co*["o]r"di*nate\, n.
1. A thing of the same rank with another thing; one two or
more persons or things of equal rank, authority, or
importance.
It has neither co["o]rdinate nor analogon; it is
absolutely one. --Coleridge.
2. pl. (Math.) Lines, or other elements of reference, by
means of which the position of any point, as of a curve,
is defined with respect to certain fixed lines, or planes,
called co["o]rdinate axes and co["o]rdinate planes. See
{Abscissa}.
Note: Co["o]rdinates are of several kinds, consisting in some
of the different cases, of the following elements,
namely:
(a) (Geom. of Two Dimensions) The abscissa and ordinate of
any point, taken together; as the abscissa PY and
ordinate PX of the point P (Fig. 2, referred to the
co["o]rdinate axes AY and AX.
(b) Any radius vector PA (Fig. 1), together with its angle
of inclination to a fixed line, APX, by which any
point A in the same plane is referred to that fixed
line, and a fixed point in it, called the pole, P.
(c) (Geom. of Three Dimensions) Any three lines, or
distances, PB, PC, PD (Fig. 3), taken parallel to
three co["o]rdinate axes, AX, AY, AZ, and measured
from the corresponding co["o]rdinate fixed planes,
YAZ, XAZ, XAY, to any point in space, P, whose
position is thereby determined with respect to these
planes and axes.
(d) A radius vector, the angle which it makes with a fixed
plane, and the angle which its projection on the plane
makes with a fixed line line in the plane, by which
means any point in space at the free extremity of the
radius vector is referred to that fixed plane and
fixed line, and a fixed point in that line, the pole
of the radius vector.
{Cartesian co["o]rdinates}. See under {Cartesian}.
{Geographical co["o]rdinates}, the latitude and longitude of
a place, by which its relative situation on the globe is
known. The height of the above the sea level constitutes a
third co["o]rdinate.
{Polar co["o]rdinates}, co["o]rdinates made up of a radius
vector and its angle of inclination to another line, or a
line and plane; as those defined in
(b) and
(d) above.
{Rectangular co["o]rdinates}, co["o]rdinates the axes of
which intersect at right angles.
{Rectilinear co["o]rdinates}, co["o]rdinates made up of right
lines. Those defined in
(a) and
(c) above are called also {Cartesian co["o]rdinates}.
{Trigonometrical} or {Spherical co["o]rdinates}, elements of
reference, by means of which the position of a point on
the surface of a sphere may be determined with respect to
two great circles of the sphere.
{Trilinear co["o]rdinates}, co["o]rdinates of a point in a
plane, consisting of the three ratios which the three
distances of the point from three fixed lines have one to
another.
Coordinately \Co*["o]r"di*nate*ly\, adv.
In a co["o]rdinate manner.
Coordinateness \Co*["o]r"di*nate*ness\, n.
The state of being co["o]rdinate; equality of rank or
authority.
Coordination \Co*["o]r`di*na"tion\, n.
1. The act of co["o]rdinating; the act of putting in the same
order, class, rank, dignity, etc.; as, the co["o]rdination
of the executive, the legislative, and the judicial
authority in forming a government; the act of regulating
and combining so as to produce harmonious results;
harmonious adjustment; as, a co["o]rdination of functions.
``Co["o]rdination of muscular movement by the
cerebellum.'' --Carpenter.
2. The state of being co["o]rdinate, or of equal rank,
dignity, power, etc.
In this high court of parliament, there is a rare
co["o]rdination of power. --Howell.
Coordinative \Co*["o]r"di*na*tive\, a. (Gram.)
Expressing co["o]rdination. --J. W. Gibbs.
Coot \Coot\ (k[=oo]t), n. [Cf. D. koet, W. cwtair; cwta short,
bodtailed + iar hen; cf. cwtau to dock. Cf. {Cut}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A wading bird with lobate toes, of the genus {Fulica}.
The common European or bald coot is {F. atra} (see
under {bald}); the American is {F. Americana}.
(b) The surf duck or scoter. In the United States all the
species of ({[OE]demia} are called coots. See
{Scoter}. ``As simple as a coot.'' --Halliwell.
2. A stupid fellow; a simpleton; as, a silly coot. [Colloq.]
Cooter \Coot"er\ (-[~e]r), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A fresh-water tortoise ({Pseudemus concinna}) of
Florida.
(b) The box tortoise.
Cootfoot \Coot"foot`\ (-f[oo^]t`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The phalarope; -- so called because its toes are like the
coot's.
Coothay \Coo*thay"\ (k[=oo]*th[=a]"), n.
A striped satin made in India. --McElrath.
Cop \Cop\ (k[o^]p), n. [AS. cop; cf. G. kopf head. Cf. {Cup},
{Cob}.]
1. The top of a thing; the head; a crest. [Obs.]
Cop they used to call The tops of many hills.
--Drayton.
2. A conical or conical-ended mass of coiled thread, yarn, or
roving, wound upon a spindle, etc.
3. A tube or quill upon which silk is wound.
4. (Mil. Arch.) Same as {Merlon}.
5. A policeman. [Slang]
{Cop waste}, a kind of cotton waste, composed chiefly of
remnants of cops from which the greater part of the yarn
has been unwound.
Copaiba \Co*pai"ba\ (?; 277), Copaiva \Co*pai"va\, n. [Sp. &
Pg., fr. Brazil. cupa['u]ba.] (Med.)
A more or less viscid, yellowish liquid, the bitter oleoresin
of several species of {Copaifera}, a genus of trees growing
in South America and the West Indies. It is stimulant and
diuretic, and is much used in affections of the mucous
membranes; -- called also {balsam of copaiba}. [Written also
{capivi}.]
Copal \Co"pal\ (k[=o]"pal; 277), [Sp., fr. Mexican copalli, a
generic name of resins. --Clavigero.]
A resinous substance flowing spontaneously from trees of
Zanzibar, Madagascar, and South America ({Trachylobium
Hornemannianum}, {T. verrucosum}, and {Hymen[ae]a
Courbaril}), and dug from earth where forests have stood in
Africa; -- used chiefly in making varnishes. --Ure.
Coparcenary \Co*par"ce*na*ry\
(k[-o]*p[aum]r"s[-e]*n[asl]*r[y^]), n.; pl. {Coparcenaries}
(-r[i^]z). [Pref. co- + parcenary] (Law)
Partnership in inheritance; joint heirship; joint right of
succession to an inheritance.
Coparcener \Co*par"ce*ner\ (-n[~e]r), n. [Pref. co- + parcener.]
(Law)
One who has an equal portion with others of an inheritance.
All the coparceners together make but one heir, and
have but one estate among them. --Blackstone.
Coparceny \Co*par"ce*ny\, n. [Abbrev. of {Coparcenary}.] (Law)
An equal share of an inheritance.
Copart \Co*part\, v. t. [Cf. {Compart}]
To share. [Obs.]
For, of all miserias, I hold that chief Wretched to be,
when none coparts our grief. --Webster
(1661).
Copartment \Co*part"ment\, n.
A compartment. [Obs.] --T. Warton.
Copartner \Co*part"ner\, n.
One who is jointly concerned with one or more persons in
business, etc.; a partner; an associate; a partaker; a
sharer.
the associates and copartners of our loss. --Milton.
Copartnership \Co*part"ner*ship\, n.
1. The state of being a copartner or of having a joint
interest in any matter.
2. A partnership or firm; as, A. and B. have this day formed
a copartnership.
Copartnery \Co*part"ner*y\, n.; pl. {Copartneries}.
the state of being copartners in any undertaking. [R.]
Copatain \Cop"a*tain\, a. [Formed fr. cop, in imitation of
captain. See {Cop}, {Captain}.]
Having a high crown, or a point or peak at top. [Obs.]
A copatain hat made on a Flemish block. --Gascoigne.
Copatriot \Co*pa"tri*ot\, n.
A joint patriot.
Cope \Cope\ (k[=o]p), n. [A doublet of cape. See {Cape}, {Cap}.]
1. A covering for the head. [Obs.] --Johnson.
2. Anything regarded as extended over the head, as the arch
or concave of the sky, the roof of a house, the arch over
a door. ``The starry cope of heaven.'' --Milton.
3. An ecclesiastical vestment or cloak, semicircular in form,
reaching from the shoulders nearly to the feet, and open
in front except at the top, where it is united by a band
or clasp. It is worn in processions and on some other
occasions. --Piers plowman.
A hundred and sixty priests all in their copes.
--Bp. Burnet.
4. An ancient tribute due to the lord of the soil, out of the
lead mines in Derbyshire, England.
5. (Founding) The top part of a flask or mold; the outer part
of a loam mold. --Knight. De Colange.
Cope \Cope\, v. i.
To form a cope or arch; to bend or arch; to bow. [Obs.]
Some bending down and coping toward the earth.
--Holland.
Cope \Cope\, v. t. (Falconry)
To pare the beak or talons of (a hawk). --J. H. Walsh.
Cope \Cope\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Coped} (k[=o]pt); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Coping}.] [OE. copen, coupen, to buy, bargain, prob. from
D. koopen to buy, orig., to bargain. See {Cheap}.]
1. To exchange or barter. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. To encounter; to meet; to have to do with.
Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man As e'er my
conversation coped withal. --Shak.
3. To enter into or maintain a hostile contest; to struggle;
to combat; especially, to strive or contend on equal terms
or with success; to match; to equal; -- usually followed
by with.
Host coped with host, dire was the din of war.
--Philips.
Their generals have not been able to cope with the
troops of Athens. --Addison.
Cope \Cope\, v. t.
1. To bargain for; to buy. [Obs.]
2. To make return for; to requite; to repay. [Obs.]
three thousand ducats due unto the Jew, We freely
cope your courteous pains withal. --Shak.
3. To match one's self against; to meet; to encounter.
I love to cope him in these sullen fits. --Shak.
They say he yesterday coped Hector in the battle,
and struck him down. --Shak.
Cope-chisel \Cope"-chis`el\, n.
A narrow chisel adapted for cutting a groove. --Knight.
Copeck \Co"peck\, n. [Russ. kopeika]
A Russian copper coin. See {Kopeck}.
Coped \Coped\, a.
Clad in a cope.
Copelata \Cop`e*la"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a rower.]
(Zo["o]l.)
See {Larvalla}.
Copeman \Cope"man\, n. [D. koopman, fr. koopen to buy. See
{Cope}, v. i. {Chapman}.]
A chapman; a dealer; a merchant. [Obs.]
He would have sold his part of paradise For ready
money, had he met a copeman. --B. Jonson.
Copepod \Cop"e*pod\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Copepoda. -- n. One of the Copepoda.
Copepoda \Co*pep"o*da\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? an oar + -poda.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An order of Entomostraca, including many minute Crustacea,
both fresh-water and marine.
Note: They have a distinct carapace. The eggs are carried in
a pair of external pouches. Some are parasites of
fishes.
Copernican \Co*per"ni*can\, a.
Pertaining to Copernicus, a Prussian by birth (b. 1473, d.
1543), who taught the world the solar system now received,
called the Copernican system.
Copesmate \Copes"mate`\, n.
An associate or companion; a friend; a partner. [Obs.]
Misshapen time, copesmate of ugly Night. --Shak.
Copestone \Cope"stone`\, n. (Arch.)
A stone for coping. See {Coping}.
Copier \Cop"i*er\, n. [From. {Copy}.]
1. One who copies; one who writes or transcribes from an
original; a transcriber.
2. An imitator; one who imitates an example; hence, a
plagiarist.
Coping \Cop"ing\, n. [See {Cope}, n.] (Arch.)
The highest or covering course of masonry in a wall, often
with sloping edges to carry off water; -- sometimes called
{capping}. --Gwill.
Copious \Co"pi*ous\, a. [L. copiosus, fr. copia abundance: cf.
F. copieux. See {Copy}, {Opulent}.]
Large in quantity or amount; plentiful; abundant; fruitful.
Kindly pours its copious treasures forth. --Thomson.
Hail, Son of God, Savior of men! thy name Shall be the
copious matter of my song. --Milton.
Syn: Ample; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; rich; full;
exuberant; overflowing; full. See {Ample}.
Copiously \Co"pi*ous*ly\, adv.
In a copious manner.
Copiousness \Co"pi*ous*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being copious; abudance; plenty;
also, diffuseness in style.
To imitatethe copiousness of Homer. --Dryden.
Syn: Abudance; plenty; richness; exuberance.
Copist \Cop"ist\, n. [F. copiste. See {Copy}.]
A copier. [Obs.] ``A copist after nature.'' --Shaftesbury.
Coplaner \Co*plan"er\, a. [Pref. co- + plane.] (Math.)
Situated in one plane.
Copland \Cop"land`\, n. [Cop + land.]
A piece of ground terminating in a point or acute angle.
[Obs.]
Coportion \Co*por"tion\, n.
Equal share. [Obs.]
Myself will bear . . . coportion of your pack.
--Spenser.
Copped \Copped\, a. [From {Cop}.]
Rising to a point or head; conical; pointed; crested.
--Wiseman.
Coppel \Cop"pel\, n. & v.
See {Cupel}.
Copper \Cop"per\, n. [OE. coper (cf. D. koper, Sw. koppar, Dan.
kobber, G. kupfer), LL. cuper, fr. L. cuprum for earlier
Cyprium, Cyprium aes, i.e., Cyprian brass, fr. Gr. ? of
Cyprus (Gr. ?), anciently renowned for its copper mines. Cf.
{Cypreous}.]
1. A common metal of a reddish color, both ductile and
malleable, and very tenacious. It is one of the best
conductors of heat and electricity. Symbol Cu. Atomic
weight 63.3. It is one of the most useful metals in
itself, and also in its alloys, brass and bronze.
Note: Copper is the only metal which occurs native abundantly
in large masses; it is found also in various ores, of
which the most important are chalcopyrite, chalcocite,
cuprite, and malachite. Copper mixed with tin forms
bell metal; with a smaller proportion, bronze; and with
zinc, it forms brass, pinchbeck, and other alloys.
2. A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other minor coin
of copper. [Colloq.]
My friends filled my pockets with coppers.
--Franklin.
3. A vessel, especially a large boiler, made of copper.
4. pl. Specifically (Naut.), the boilers in the galley for
cooking; as, a ship's coppers.
Note: Copper is often used adjectively, commonly in the sense
of made or consisting of copper, or resembling copper;
as, a copper boiler, tube, etc.
All in a hot and copper sky. --Coleridge.
Note: It is sometimes written in combination; as,
copperplate, coppersmith, copper-colored.
{Copper finch}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Chaffinch}.
{Copper glance}, or {Vitreous copper}. (Min.) See
{Chalcocite}.
{Indigo copper}. (Min.) See {Covelline}.
Copper \Cop"per\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coppered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Coppering}.]
To cover or coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of
copper; as, to copper a ship.
Copperas \Cop"per*as\, n. [OE. coperose, F. couperose, fr.
(assumed?) L. cuprirosa, equiv. to G. cha`lkanqos, i. e.
copper flower, vitriol. See {Copper} and {Rose.}]
Green vitriol, or sulphate of iron; a green crystalline
substance, of an astringent taste, used in making ink, in
dyeing black, as a tonic in medicine, etc. It is made on a
large scale by the oxidation of iron pyrites. Called also
{ferrous sulphate}.
Note: The term copperas was formerly synonymous with vitriol,
and included the green, blue, and white vitriols, or
the sulphates of iron, copper, and zinc.
Copper-bottomed \Cop"per-bot`tomed\, a.
Having a bottom made of copper, as a tin boiler or other
vessel, or sheathed with copper, as a ship.
Copper-faced \Cop"per-faced`\, a.
Faced or covered with copper; as, copper-faced type.
Copper-fastened \Cop"per-fas`tened\, a.
Fastened with copper bolts, as the planks of ships, etc.; as,
a copper-fastened ship.
Copperhead \Cop"per*head`\, n. [From its color.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A poisonous American serpent ({Ancistrodon
conotortrix}), closely allied to the rattlesnake, but
without rattles; -- called also {copper-belly}, and {red
viper}.
2. A nickname applied to a person in the Northern States who
sympathized with the South during the Civil War. [U.S.]
Coppering \Cop"per*ing\, n.
1. The act of covering with copper.
2. An envelope or covering of copper.
Copperish \Cop"per*ish\, a.
Containing, or partaking of the nature of, copper; like
copper; as, a copperish taste.
Copper-nickel \Cop"per-nick`el\, n. (Min.)
Niccolite.
Copper-nose \Cop"per-nose\, n.
A red nose. --Shak.
Copperplate \Cop"per*plate`\ (k[o^]p"p[~e]r*pl[=a]t`), n.
(a) A plate of polished copper on which a design or writing
is engraved.
(b) An impression on paper taken from such a plate.
Note: In printing from a copper- or steel plate the lines are
filled with ink, the surface of the plate is wiped
clean, the paper laid upon it, and the impression taken
by pressing it under the roller of a plate press.
{Copperplate press}. See {Plate press}, under {Plate}.
Coppersmith \Cop"per*smith`\ (-sm[i^]th`), n.
One whose occupation is to manufacture copper utensils; a
worker in copper.
Copper works \Cop"per works`\
A place where copper is wrought or manufactured. --Woodward.
Copperworm \Cop"per*worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The teredo; -- so called because it injures the bottoms
of vessels, where not protected by copper.
(b) The ringworm.
Coppery \Cop"per*y\, a.
Mixed with copper; containing copper, or made of copper; like
copper.
Coppice \Cop"pice\ (k[o^]p"p[i^]s), n. [OF. copeiz, fr. coper,
couper, to cut, F. couper, fr. cop, coup, colp, a blow, F.
coup, L. colaphus, fr. Gr. ko`lafos. Cf. {Copse}, and cf.
{Coup['e]}, {Coupee}.]
A grove of small growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut
at certain times for fuel or other purposes. See {Copse}.
The rate of coppice lands will fall, upon the discovery
of coal mines. --Locke.
Coppin \Cop"pin\, n.[See {Cop}.]
A cop of thread.
Copple \Cop"ple\, n. [A dim. of {Cop}.]
Something rising in a conical shape; specifically, a hill
rising to a point.
A low cape, and upon it a copple not very high.
--Hakluyt.
Copple-crown \Cop"ple-crown\, n.
A created or high-topped crown or head. ``Like the
copple-crown the lapwing has.'' --T. Randolph. --
{Cop"ple-crowned`}, a.
Coppled \Cop"pled\, a. [From {Copple}.]
Rising to a point; conical; copped. [Obs.] --Woodward.
Copple dust \Cop"ple dust`\
Cupel dust. [Obs.]
Powder of steel, or copple dust. --Bacon.
Copplestone \Cop"ple*stone`\, n.
A cobblestone. [Obs.]
Copps \Copps\, n.
See {Copse}. [Obs.]
Copra \Co"pra\, n. [Malay['a]lam koppara or Hind. khopr[=a].]
(Com.)
The dried meat of the cocoanut, from which cocoanut oil is
expressed. [Written also {cobra}, {copperah}, {coppra}.]
Coprolite \Cop"ro*lite\, n. [Gr. ko`pros dung + -lite.]
(Paleon.)
A piece of petrified dung; a fossil excrement.
Coprolitic \Cop`ro*lit"ic\, a.
Containing, pertaining to, or of the nature of, coprolites.
Coprophagan \Co*proph"a*gan\, n. [See {Coprophagous}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A kind of beetle which feeds upon dung.
Coprophagous \Co*proph"a*gous\, a. [Gr. ? exrement + ? to eat.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Feeding upon dung, as certain insects.
Cop-rose \Cop-rose`\, n. [F. coprose, of uncertain origin; cf.
D. klaproos, klapperroos.]
The red, or corn, poppy. [Written also {cup-rose}.]
Cops \Cops\, n. [AS. cops, cosp, fetter.]
The connecting crook of a harrow. [Prov. Eng.]
Copse \Copse\, n. [Contr. from coppice.]
A wood of small growth; a thicket of brushwood. See
{Coppice}.
Near yonder copse where once the garden smiled.
--Goldsmith.
Copse \Copse\, v. t.
1. To trim or cut; -- said of small trees, brushwood, tufts
of grass, etc. --Halliwell.
2. To plant and preserve, as a copse. --Swift.
Copsewood \Copse"wood\, n.
Brushwood; coppice. --Macaulay.
Copsy \Cops"y\, a.
Characterized by copses. ``Copsy villages.'' ``Copsy banks.''
--J. Dyer.
Coptic \Cop"tic\ (k[o^]p"t[i^]k), a. [Abbrev. from L. Aegyptius
an Egyptian, Gr. ?, Ar. kibt[=i], pl. kibt.]
Of or pertaining to the Copts. -- n. The language of the
Copts.
Copts \Copts\ (k[o^]pts"), n. pl.; sing. {Copt}. [See {Coptic}.]
(Etnol.)
1. An Egyptian race thought to be descendants of the ancient
Egyptians.
2. The principal sect of Christians in Egypt and the valley
of the Nile.
Note: they belong to the Jacobite sect of Monophysite
Christians, and for eleven centuries have had
possession of the patriarchal chair of Alexandria.
Copula \Cop"u*la\, n. [L., bond, band. See {Couple}.]
1. (Logic & Gram.) The word which unites the subject and
predicate.
2. (Mus.) The stop which connects the manuals, or the manuals
with the pedals; -- called also {coupler}.
Copulate \Cop"u*late\, a. [L. copulatus, p. p. of copulare to
couple, fr. copula. See {Copula}.]
1. Joined; associated; coupled. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. (Gram.) Joining subject and predicate; copulative. --F. A.
March.
Copulate \Cop"u*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Copulated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Copulating}.]
To unite in sexual intercourse; to come together in the act
of generation.
Copulation \Cop`u*la"tion\, n. [L. copulatio: cf. F.
copulation.]
1. The act of coupling or joining; union; conjunction.
Wit, you know, is the unexpected copulation of
ideas. --Johnson.
2. The coming together of male and female in the act of
generation; sexual union; coition.
Copulative \Cop"u*la"tive\, a. [L. copulativus: cf. F.
copulatif.]
Serving to couple, unite, or connect; as, a copulative
conjunction like ``and''.
Copulative \Cop"u*la*tive\, n.
1. Connection. [Obs.] --Rycaut.
2. (Gram.) A copulative conjunction.
Copulatively \Cop"u*la"tive*ly\, adv.
In a copulative manner.
Coplatry \Cop"*la*try\, a.
1. Pertaining to copulation; tending or serving to unite;
copulative.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Used in sexual union; as, the copulatory organs
of insects.
Copy \Cop"y\ (k[o^]p"[y^]), n.; pl. {Copies} (-[i^]z). [F.
copie, fr. L. copia abundance, number, LL. also, a
transcript; co- + the root of opes riches. See {Opulent}, and
cf. {Copious}.]
1. An abundance or plenty of anything. [Obs.]
She was blessed with no more copy of wit, but to
serve his humor thus. --B. Jonson.
2. An imitation, transcript, or reproduction of an original
work; as, a copy of a letter, an engraving, a painting, or
a statue.
I have not the vanity to think my copy equal to the
original. --Denham.
3. An individual book, or a single set of books containing
the works of an author; as, a copy of the Bible; a copy of
the works of Addison.
4. That which is to be imitated, transcribed, or reproduced;
a pattern, model, or example; as, his virtues are an
excellent copy for imitation.
Let him first learn to write, after a copy, all the
letters. --Holder.
5. (print.) Manuscript or printed matter to be set up in
type; as, the printers are calling for more copy.
6. A writing paper of a particular size. Same as {Bastard}.
See under {Paper}.
7. Copyhold; tenure; lease. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Copy book}, a book in which copies are written or printed
for learners to imitate.
{Examined copies} (Law), those which have been compared with
the originals.
{Exemplified copies}, those which are attested under seal of
a court.
{Certified or Office} {copies}, those which are made or
attested by officers having charge of the originals, and
authorized to give copies officially. --Abbot.
Syn: Imitation; transcript; duplicate; counterfeit.
Copy \Cop"y\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Copied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Copying}.] [Cf. F. copir, fr. LL. copiare. See {Copy}, n.]
1. To make a copy or copies of; to write; print, engrave, or
paint after an original; to duplicate; to reproduce; to
transcribe; as, to copy a manuscript, inscription, design,
painting, etc.; -- often with out, sometimes with off.
I like the work well; ere it be demanded (As like
enough it will), I'd have it copied. --Shak.
Let this be copied out, And keep it safe for our
remembrance. --Shak.
2. To imitate; to attempt to resemble, as in manners or
course of life.
We copy instinctively the voices of our companions,
their accents, and their modes of pronunciation.
--Stewart.
Copy \Cop"y\, v. i.
1. To make a copy or copies; to imitate.
2. To yield a duplicate or transcript; as, the letter did not
copy well.
Some . . . never fail, when they copy, to follow the
bad as well as the good things. --Dryden.
Copyer \Cop"y*er\, n.
See {Copier}.
Copygraph \Cop"y*graph\, n.
A contrivance for producing manifold copies of a writing or
drawing.
Note: The writing or drawing is made with aniline ink on
paper, and a reverse copy transfered by pressure to a
slab of gelatin softened with glycerin. A large number
of transcripts can be taken while the ink is fresh.
Various names have been given to the process [the
gelatin copying process], some of them acceptable
and others absurd; hectograph, polygraph,
copygraph, lithogram, etc. --Knight.
Copyhold \Cop"y*hold`\, n. (Eng. Law)
(a) A tenure of estate by copy of court roll; or a tenure for
which the tenant has nothing to show, except the rolls
made by the steward of the lord's court. --Blackstone.
(b) Land held in copyhold. --Milton.
Note: Copyholds do not exist in the United States.
Copyholder \Cop"y*hold`er\, n.
1. (Eng. Law) One possessed of land in copyhold.
2. (print.)
(a) A device for holding copy for a compositor.
(b) One who reads copy to a proof reader.
Copying \Cop"y*ing\, a. & n.
From {Copy}, v.
{Copying ink}. See under {Ink}.
{Copying paper}, thin unsized paper used for taking copies of
letters, etc., in a copying press.
{Copying press}, a machine for taking by pressure, an exact
copy of letters, etc., written in copying ink.
Copyist \Cop"y*ist\, n.
A copier; a transcriber; an imitator; a plagiarist.
Copyright \Cop"y*right\, n.
The right of an author or his assignee, under statute, to
print and publish his literary or artistic work, exclusively
of all other persons. This right may be had in maps, charts,
engravings, plays, and musical compositions, as well as in
books.
Note: In the United States a copyright runs for the term of
twenty-eight years, with right of renewal for fourteen
years on certain conditions.
{International copyright}, an author's right in his
productions as secured by treaty between nations.
Copyright \Cop"y*right`\, v. t.
To secure a copyright on.
Coquelicot \Coque"li*cot`\, n. [F.]
1. (Bot.) The wild poppy, or red corn rose.
2. The color of the wild poppy; a color nearly red, like
orange mixed with scarlet.
Coquet \Co*quet"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coquetted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Coquetting}.]
To attempt to attract the notice, admiration, or love of; to
treat with a show of tenderness or regard, with a view to
deceive and disappoint.
You are coquetting a maid of honor. --Swift.
Coquet \Co*quet"\, v. i.
To trifle in love; to stimulate affection or interest; to
play the coquette; to deal playfully instead of seriously; to
play (with); as, we have coquetted with political crime.
Coquetry \Co*quet"ry\, n.; pl. {Coquetries}. [F. coquetterie.]
Attempts to attract admiration, notice, or love, for the mere
gratification of vanity; trifling in love. ``Little
affectations of coquetry.'' --Addison.
Coquette \Co*quette"\, n. [F., fr. coquet, coquette, coquettish,
orig., cocklike, strutting like a cock, fr. coq a cock. Cf.
{Cock}, {Cocket}, {Cocky}, {Cockade}.]
1. A vain, trifling woman, who endeavors to attract
admiration from a desire to gratify vanity; a flirt; --
formerly sometimes applied also to men.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A tropical humming bird of the genus
{Lophornis}, with very elegant neck plumes. Several
species are known. See Illustration under {Spangle}, v. t.
Coquettish \Co*quet"tish\, a.
Practicing or exhibiting coquetry; alluring; enticing.
A pretty, coquettish housemaid. --W. Irving.
Coquettishly \Co*quet"tish*ly\, adv.
In a coquettish manner.
Coquilla nut \Co*quil"la nut\ [Pg. coquilho, Sp. coquillo, dim.
of coco a cocoanut.] (Bot.)
The fruit of a Brazilian tree ({Attalea funifera} of
Martius.).
Note: Its shell is hazel-brown in color, very hard and close
in texture, and much used by turners in forming
ornamental articles, such as knobs for umbrella
handles.
Coquimbite \Co*quim"bite\, n.
A mineral consisting principally of sulphate of iron; white
copperas; -- so called because found in the province of
Coquimbo, Chili.
Coquina \Co*qui"na\, n. [Sp., shellfish, cockle.]
A soft, whitish, coral-like stone, formed of broken shells
and corals, found in the southern United States, and used for
roadbeds and for building material, as in the fort at St.
Augustine, Florida.
Cor- \Cor-\ (k[o^]r-).
A prefix signifying with, together, etc. See {Com-}.
Cor \Cor\ (k[^o]r), n. [Heb. k[=o]r.]
A Hebrew measure of capacity; a homer. [Written also {core}.]
Cora \Co"ra\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The Arabian gazelle ({Gazella Arabica}), found from persia to
North Africa.
Coracle \Cor"a*cle\, n. [W. corwgl, cwrwgl, fr. corwg, cwrwg,
any round body or vessel, the trunk of the body, carcass.]
A boat made by covering a wicker frame with leather or
oilcloth. It was used by the ancient Britons, and is still
used by fisherman in Wales and some parts of Ireland. Also, a
similar boat used in Thibet and in Egypt.
Coracoid \Cor"a*coid\, a.[Gr. ?; ko`rax crow + e'i^dos form.]
1. Shaped like a crow's beak.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a bone of the shoulder girdle in
most birds, reptiles, and amphibians, which is reduced to
a process of the scapula in most mammals.
Coracoid \Cor"a*coid\, n.
The coracoid bone or process.
Corage \Cor"age\ (?; OF. ?), n.
See {Courage} [Obs.]
To Canterbury with full devout corage. --Chaucer.
Coral \Cor"al\, n. [Of. coral, F, corail, L. corallum, coralium,
fr. Gr. kora`llion.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The hard parts or skeleton of various Anthozoa,
and of a few Hydrozoa. Similar structures are also formed
by some Bryozoa.
Note: The large stony corals forming coral reefs belong to
various genera of {Madreporaria}, and to the hydroid
genus, {Millepora}. The red coral, used in jewelry, is
the stony axis of the stem of a gorgonian ({Corallium
rubrum}) found chiefly in the Mediterranean. The {fan
corals}, {plume corals}, and {sea feathers} are species
of {Gorgoniacea}, in which the axis is horny.
Organ-pipe coral is formed by the genus {Tubipora}, an
Alcyonarian, and {black coral} is in part the axis of
species of the genus {Antipathes}. See {Anthozoa},
{Madrepora}.
2. The ovaries of a cooked lobster; -- so called from their
color.
3. A piece of coral, usually fitted with small bells and
other appurtenances, used by children as a plaything.
{Brain coral}, or {Brain stone coral}. See under {Brain}.
{Chain coral}. See under {Chain}.
{Coral animal} (Zo["o]l.), one of the polyps by which corals
are formed. They are often very erroneously called {coral
insects}.
{Coral fish}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Coral reefs} (Phys. Geog.), reefs, often of great extent,
made up chiefly of fragments of corals, coral sands, and
the solid limestone resulting from their consolidation.
They are classed as {fringing reefs}, when they border the
land; {barrier reefs}, when separated from the shore by a
broad belt of water; {atolls}, when they constitute
separate islands, usually inclosing a lagoon. See {Atoll}.
{Coral root} (Bot.), a genus ({Corallorhiza}) of orchideous
plants, of a yellowish or brownish red color, parasitic on
roots of other plants, and having curious jointed or
knotted roots not unlike some kinds of coral. See Illust.
under {Coralloid}.
{Coral snake}. (Zo)
(a) A small, venomous, Brazilian snake {(Elaps
corallinus)}, coral-red, with black bands.
(b) A small, harmless, South American snake ({Tortrix
scytale}).
{Coral tree} (Bot.), a tropical, leguminous plant, of several
species, with showy, scarlet blossoms and coral-red seeds.
The best known is {Erythrina Corallodendron}.
{Coral wood}, a hard, red cabinet wood. --McElrath.
Coraled \Cor"aled\, a.
Having coral; covered with coral.
Coral fish \Cor"al fish`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any bright-colored fish of the genera {Ch[ae]todon},
{Pomacentrus}, {Apogon}, and related genera, which live among
reef corals.
Corallaceous \Cor`al*la"ceous\, a.
Like coral, or partaking of its qualities.
Corallian \Co*ral"li*an\, n. (Geol.)
A deposit of coralliferous limestone forming a portion of the
middle division of the o["o]lite; -- called also coral-rag.
Coralliferous \Cor`al*lif"er*ous\, a. [L. corallum coral +
-ferous.]
Containing or producing coral.
Coralliform \Cor"al*li*form\, a. [L. corallum coral + -form.]
resembling coral in form.
Coralligena \Cor`al*lig"e*na\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. corallum
coral + root of gignere to produce.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Anthozoa}.
Coralligenous \Cor`al*lig"e*nous\, a.
producing coral; coralligerous; coralliferous. --Humble.
Coralligerous \Cor`al*lig"er*ous\, a. [L. corallum coral +
-gerous.]
Producing coral; coralliferous.
Corallin \Cor"al*lin\, n. [So named in allusion to the color of
red corallin, fr. L. corallum coral.] (Chem.)
A yellow coal-tar dyestuff which probably consists chiefly of
rosolic acid. See {Aurin}, and {Rosolic acid} under
{Rosolic}.
{Red corallin}, a red dyestuff which is obtained by treating
aurin or rosolic acid with ammonia; -- called also
{p[ae]onin}.
{Yellow corallin}. See {Aurin}.
Coralline \Cor"al*line\ (? or ?), a. [Cf. L. corallinus
coralred.]
Composed of corallines; as, coralline limestone.
Coralline \Cor"al*line\, n. [Cf. F. coralline.]
1. (Bot.) A submarine, semicalcareous or calcareous plant,
consisting of many jointed branches.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Formerly any slender coral-like animal; --
sometimes applied more particulary to bryozoan corals.
Corallinite \Cor"al*lin*ite\, n. (Paleon.)
A fossil coralline.
Corallite \Cor"al*lite\, n. [L. corallum coral.]
1. (Min.) A mineral substance or petrifaction, in the form of
coral.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the individual members of a compound
coral; or that part formed by a single coral animal.
[Written also {corallet}.]
Coralloid \Cor"al*loid\, a. [L. corallum coral + -oid: cf. F.
corallo["i]de.]
Having the form of coral; branching like coral.
Coralloidal \Cor`al*loid"al\, a.
resembling coral; coralloid. --Sir T. browne.
Corallum \Co*ral"lum\, n. [L.] (Zo["o]l.)
The coral or skeleton of a zo["o]phyte, whether calcareous of
horny, simple or compound. See {Coral}.
Coral-rag \Cor"al-rag`\, n. (geol.)
Same as {Corallian}.
Coralwort \Cor"al*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A cruciferous herb of certain species of {Dentaria}; --
called also {toothwort}, {tooth violet}, or {pepper root}.
Coranach \Cor"a*nach\, n. [Gael. coranach, or corranach, a
crying, the Irish funeral cry (the keen), a dirge; comh with
+ ranaich a roaring, ran to roar, shriek.]
A lamentation for the dead; a dirge. [Written also
{coranich}, {corrinoch}, {coronach}, {cronach}, etc.] [Scot.]
Corant \Co*rant\, Coranto \Co*ran"to\, n. [See {Courant}.]
A sprightly but somewhat stately dance, now out of fashion.
It is harder to dance a corant well, than a jig. --Sir
W. temple.
Dancing a coranto with him upon the heath. --Macaulay.
Corb \Corb\ (k[^o]rb), n. [L. corbis basket. Cf. {Corbeil},
{Corp}.]
1. A basket used in coal mines, etc. see {Corf}.
2. (Arch.) An ornament in a building; a corbel.
Corban \Cor"ban\ (k[^o]r"b[a^]n), n. [Heb. qorb[=a]n, akin to
Ar. qurb[=a]n.]
1. (Jewish Antiq.) An offering of any kind, devoted to God
and therefore not to be appropriated to any other use;
esp., an offering in fulfillment of a vow.
Note: In the old Testament the hebrew word is usually
translated ``oblation'' as in --Numb. xviii. 9, xxxi.
50.
Note: The traditionists laid down that a man might interdict
himself by vow, not only from using for himself, but
from giving to another, or receiving from him, some
particular object, whether of food or any other kind. A
person might thus exempt himself from assisting parents
in distress, under plea of corban. --Dr. W. Smith.
2. An alms basket; a vessel to receive gifts of charity; a
treasury of the church, where offerings are deposited.
Corbe \Corbe\ (k[^o]rb), a. [OF. corbe, fr. L. curvus. See
{Cuve}.]
Crooked. [Obs.] ``Corbe shoulder.'' --Spenser.
Corbell \Cor"bell\ (k[^o]r"b[e^]l), n. [F. corbeille, fr. L.
corbicula a little basket, dim. of corbis basket. Cf.
{Corbel}, {Corb}, {Corvette}.]
1. (Arch.) A sculptured basket of flowers; a corbel. [Obs.]
2. pl. (Fort.) Small gabions. --Brande & C.
Corbel \Cor"bel\, n. [F. corbeau, for older corbel, dim. of L.
corbis basket. (Corbels were often in the form of a basket.)
See {Corbeil}.] (Arch.)
A bracket supporting a superincumbent object, or receiving
the spring of an arch. Corbels were employed largely in
Gothic architecture.
Note: A common form of corbel consists of courses of stones
or bricks, each projecting slightly beyond the next
below it.
Corbel \Cor"bel\, v. t.
To furnish with a corbel or corbels; to support by a corbel;
to make in the form of a corbel.
{To corbel out}, to furnish with a corbel of courses, each
projecting beyond the one next below it.
Corbel-table \Cor"bel-ta`ble\, n. (Arch.)
A horizontal row of corbels, with the panels or filling
between them; also, less properly used to include the
stringcourse on them.
Corbie \Cor"bie\ or Corby \Cor"by\ (k[^o]r"b[y^]), n.; pl.
{Corbies} (-b[i^]z). [F. corbeau, OF. corbel, dim. fr. L.
corvus raven.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The raven. [Scot.]
2. (her.) A raven, crow, or chough, used as a charge.
{Corbie crow}, the carrion crow. [Scot.]
Corbiestep \Cor"bie*step`\, n. (Arch.)
One of the steps in which a gable wall is often finished in
place of a continuous slope; -- also called {crowstep}.
Corchorus \Cor"cho*rus\ (k[^o]r"k[oal]*r[u^]s), n. [Nl., fr. L.
corchorus a poor kind of pulse, Gr. ko`rchoros a wild plant
of bitter taste.] (Bot.)
The common name of the {Kerria Japonica} or Japan
globeflower, a yellow-flowered, perennial, rosaceous plant,
seen in old-fashioned gardens.
Corcle \Cor"cle\ (k[^o]r"k'l), Corcule \Cor"cule\ (-k[-u]l), n.
[L. corculum a little heart, dim. of cor heart.] (Bot.)
The heart of the seed; the embryo or germ. [Obs.]
Cord \Cord\ (k[^o]rd), n. [F. corde, L. chorda catgut, chord,
cord, fr. Gr. chordh`; cf. chola`des intestines, L. haruspex
soothsayer (inspector of entrails), Icel. g["o]rn, pl. garnir
gut, and E. yarn. Cf. {Chord}, {Yarn}.]
1. A string, or small rope, composed of several strands
twisted together.
2. A solid measure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a pile of
wood, or other coarse material, eight feet long, four feet
high, and four feet broad; -- originally measured with a
cord or line.
3. Fig.: Any moral influence by which persons are caught,
held, or drawn, as if by a cord; an enticement; as, the
cords of the wicked; the cords of sin; the cords of
vanity.
The knots that tangle human creeds, The wounding
cords that bind and strain The heart until it
bleeds. --Tennyson.
4. (Anat.) Any structure having the appearance of a cord,
esp. a tendon or a nerve. See under {Spermatic}, {Spinal},
{Umbilical}, {Vocal}.
5. (Mus.) See {Chord}. [Obs.]
{Cord wood}, wood for fuel cut to the length of four feet
(when of full measure).
Cord \Cord\ (k?rd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Corded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cording}.]
1. To bind with a cord; to fasten with cords; to connect with
cords; to ornament or finish with a cord or cords, as a
garment.
2. To arrange (wood, etc.) in a pile for measurement by the
cord.
Cordage \Cord"age\ (k?rd"?j), n. [F. cordage. See {Cord}.]
Ropes or cords, collectively; hence, anything made of rope or
cord, as those parts of the rigging of a ship which consist
of ropes.
Cordal \Cord"al\ (k?rd"al), n.
Same as {Cordelle}.
Cordate \Cordate\ (k?r"d?t), a. [L. cor, cordis, heart.] (Bot.)
Heart-shaped; as, a cordate leaf.
Cordately \Cor"date*ly\, adv.
In a cordate form.
Corded \Cord"ed\ (k?rd"?d), a.
1. Bound or fastened with cords.
2. Piled in a form for measurement by the cord.
3. Made of cords. [Obs.] ``A corded ladder.'' --Shak.
4. Striped or ribbed with cords; as, cloth with a corded
surface.
5. (Her.) Bound about, or wound, with cords.
Cordelier \Cor`de*lier"\ (k?r`d??l?r"), n. [F., fr. OF. cordel,
F. cordeau, dim. fr. corde string, rope. See {Cord}.]
1. (Eccl. Hist.) A Franciscan; -- so called in France from
the girdle of knotted cord worn by all Franciscans.
2. (Fr. Hist.) A member of a French political club of the
time of the first Revolution, of which Danton and Marat
were members, and which met in an old Cordelier convent in
Paris.
Cordeling \Cor"del*ing\ (k?r"d?l??ng), a. [F. cordeler to twist,
fr. OF. cordel. See {Cordelier}.]
Twisting.
Cordelle \Cor*delle"\ (k?r-d?l"), n. [F., dim. of corde cord.]
A twisted cord; a tassel. --Halliwell.
Cordial \Cor"dial\ (k?r"jal, formally k?rd"yal; 106, 277), a.
[LL. cordialis, fr. L. cor heart: cf. F. cordial. See
{Heart}.]
1. Proceeding from the heart. [Obs.]
A rib with cordial spirits warm. --Milton.
2. Hearty; sincere; warm; affectionate.
He . . . with looks of cordial love Hung over her
enamored. --Milton.
3. Tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate; giving strength
or spirits.
Behold this cordial julep here That flames and
dances in his crystal bounds. --Milton.
Syn: Hearty; sincere; heartfelt; warm; affectionate;
cheering; invigorating. See {Hearty}.
Cordial \Cor"dial\, n.
1. Anything that comforts, gladdens, and exhilarates.
Charms to my sight, and cordials to my mind.
--Dryden.
2. (Med) Any invigorating and stimulating preparation; as, a
peppermint cordial.
3. (Com.) Aromatized and sweetened spirit, used as a
beverage; a liqueur.
Cordiality \Cor*dial"i*ty\ (k?r-j?l"?-t? or k?r`d?-?l"-; 106),
n.; pl. {Cordialities} (-t?z). [LL. cordialitas, fr.
cordialis sincere: cf. F. cordialit['e].]
1. Relation to the heart. [Obs.]
That the ancients had any respect of cordiality or
reference unto the heart, will much be doubted.
--Sir T.
Browne.
2. Sincere affection and kindness; warmth of regard;
heartiness. --Motley.
Cordialize \Cor"dial*ize\ (k?r"jal-?z or k?rd"yal-?z; 106), v.
t.
1. To make into a cordial.
2. To render cordial; to reconcile.
Cordialize \Cor"dial*ize\, v. i.
To grow cordial; to feel or express cordiality. [R.]
Cordially \Cor"dial*ly\, adv.
In a cordial manner. -- Dr. H. More.
Cordialness \Cor"dial*ness\, n.
Cordiality. --Cotgrave.
Cordierite \Cor"di*er*ite\ (k?r"d?-?r-?t), n. [Named after the
geologist Cordier.] (Min.)
See {Iolite}.
Cordoform \Cor"do*form\ (k?r"d?-f?rm), a. [L. cor, cordis, heart
+ -form, cf. F. cordiforme.]
Heart-shaped. --Gray.
Cordillera \Cor*dil"ler*a\ (k?r-d?l"l?r-?; Sp. k?r`d?-ly?"r?),
n. [Sp., fr. OSp. cordilla, cordiella, dim. of cuerda a rope,
string. See {Cord}.] (Geol.)
A mountain ridge or chain.
Note: Cordillera is sometimes applied, in geology, to the
system of mountain chains near the border of a
continent; thus, the western cordillera of North
America in the United States includes the Rocky
Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Coast and Cascade ranges.
Cordiner \Cor"di*ner\ (k?r"d?-n?r), n.
A cordwainer. [Obs.]
Cordon \Cor"don\ (k?r"d?n; F. k?r"{d?n}"), n. [F., fr. corde.
See {Cord}.]
1. A cord or ribbon bestowed or borne as a badge of honor; a
broad ribbon, usually worn after the manner of a baldric,
constituting a mark of a very high grade in an honorary
order. Cf. {Grand cordon}.
2. The cord worn by a Franciscan friar. --Sir E. Sandys.
3. (Fort.) The coping of the scarp wall, which projects
beyong the face of the wall a few inches.
4. (Mil.) A line or series of sentinels, or of military
posts, inclosing or guarding any place or thing.
5. A rich and ornamental lace or string, used to secure a
mantle in some costumes of state.
{Cordon bleu} (k?r`{d?n}" bl?") [F., blue cordon], a
first-rate cook, or one worthy to be the cook of the
cordons bleus, or Knights of the Holy Ghost, famous for
their good dinners.
{Cordon sanitaire} (k?r`{d?n}" s?`n?`t?r") [F., sanitary
cordon], a line of troops or military posts around a
district infected with disease, to cut off communication,
and thus prevent the disease from spreading.
Cordonnet \Cor`don`net"\ (k?r`d?n`n?"), n. [F., dim. of cordon.
See {Cardon}.]
Doubled and twisted thread, made of coarse silk, and used for
tassels, fringes, etc. --McElrath.
Cordovan \Cor"do*van\ (k[^o]r"d[-o]*v>acr/n), n. [Sp. cordoban,
fr. Cordova, or Cordoba, in Spain. Cf. {Cordwain}.]
Same as {Cordwain}. In England the name is applied to leather
made from horsehide.
Corduroy \Cor"du*roy`\ (k[^o]r"d[-u]*roi` or k[^o]r`d[-u]*roi"),
n. [Prob. for F. corde du roi king's cord.]
1. A sort of cotton velveteen, having the surface raised in
ridges.
2. pl. Trousers or breeches of corduroy.
{Corduroy road}, a roadway formed of logs laid side by side
across it, as in marshy places; -- so called from its
rough or ribbed surface, resembling corduroy. [U.S.]
Corduroy \Cor"du*roy`\, v. t.
To form of logs laid side by side. ``Roads were corduroyed.''
--Gen. W. T. Sherman.
Cordwain \Cord"wain\ (k?rd"w?n), n. [OE. cordewan, cordian, OF.
cordoan, cordouan, fr. Sp. cordoban. See {Cordovan}.]
A term used in the Middle Ages for Spanish leather (goatskin
tanned and dressed), and hence, any leather handsomely
finished, colored, gilded, or the like.
Buskins he wore of costliest cordwain. --Spenser.
Cordwainer \Cord"wain*er\ (-?r), n. [OE. cordwaner, cordiner,
fr. OF. cordoanier, cordouanier, F. cordonnier.]
A worker in cordwain, or cordovan leather; a shoemaker.
[Archaic.]
Core \Core\ (k[=o]r), n. [F. corps. See {Corps}.]
A body of individuals; an assemblage. [Obs.]
He was in a core of people. --Bacon.
Core \Core\, n. [Cf. {Chore}.] (Mining.)
A miner's underground working time or shift. --Raymond.
Note: The twenty-four hours are divided into three or four
cores.
Core \Core\, n. [Heb. k[=o]r: cf. Gr. ko`ros.]
A Hebrew dry measure; a cor or homer. --Num. xi. 32 (Douay
version).
Core \Core\, n. [OF. cor, coer, cuer, F. c[oe]ur, fr. L. cor
heart. See {Heart}.]
1. The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall,
rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of
fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as, the core of an
apple or quince.
A fever at the core, Fatal to him who bears, to all
who ever bore. --Byron.
2. The center or inner part, as of an open space; as, the
core of a square. [Obs.] --Sir W. Raleigh.
3. The most important part of a thing; the essence; as, the
core of a subject.
4. (Founding) The prtion of a mold which shapes the interior
of a cylinder, tube, or other hollow casting, or which
makes a hole in or through a casting; a part of the mold,
made separate from and inserted in it, for shaping some
part of the casting, the form of which is not determined
by that of the pattern.
5. A disorder of sheep occasioned by worms in the liver.
[Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
6. (Anat.) The bony process which forms the central axis of
the horns in many animals.
{Core box} (Founding), a box or mold, usually divisible, in
which cores are molded.
{Core print} (Founding), a projecting piece on a pattern
which forms, in the mold, an impression for holding in
place or steadying a core.
Core \Core\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cord} (k?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Coring}.]
1. To take out the core or inward parts of; as, to core an
apple.
He's likee a corn upon my great toe . . . he must be
cored out. --Marston.
2. To form by means of a core, as a hole in a casting.
Co-regent \Co-re"gent\ (k?-r?"jent), n.
A joint regent or ruler.
Co-relation \Co`-re*la"tion\ (k?`r?-l?"sh?n), n.
Corresponding relation.
Co-religionist \Co`-re*li"gion*ist\ (-l?j"?n-?st), n.
One of the same religion with another.
Coreopsis \Co`re*op"sis\ (k?`r?-?p"s?s), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ????
bug + ??? appearance.] (Bot.)
A genus of herbaceous composite plants, having the achenes
two-horned and remotely resembling some insect; tickseed. {C.
tinctoria}, of the Western plains, the commonest plant of the
genus, has been used in dyeing.
Corer \Cor"er\ (k?rr"?rr), n.
That which cores; an instrument for coring fruit; as, an
apple corer.
Co-respondent \Co`-re*spond"ent\ (k?`rr?-sp?nd"ent), n. (Law)
One who is called upon to answer a summons or other
proceeding jointly with another.
Corf \Corf\ (k[^o]rf), n.; pl. {Corves} (k[^o]rvz). [Cf. LG. &
D. korf basket, G. korb, fr. L. corbis.]
1. A basket.
2. (Mining)
(a) A large basket used in carrying or hoisting coal or
ore.
(b) A wooden frame, sled, or low-wheeled wagon, to convey
coal or ore in the mines.
Corfiote \Cor"fi*ote\ (k[^o]r"f?-?t), Corfute \Cor"fute\
(k?r"f?t), n.
A native or inhabitant of Corfu, an island in the
Mediterranean Sea.
Coriaceous \Co`ri*a"ceous\ (k?`r?-?"sh?s), a. [L. coriaceous,
fr. corium leather. See {Cuirass}.]
1. Consisting of or resembling, leather; leatherlike; tough.
2. (Bot.) Stiff, like leather or parchment.
Coriander \Co`ri*an"der\ (k?`r?-?n"d?r), n. [L. coriandrum, fr.
Gr. ????, ????, perh. fr. ??? bug, on account of the buglike
or fetid smell of its leaves: cf. F. coriandre.] (Bot.)
An umbelliferous plant, the {Coriandrum sativum}, the fruit
or seeds of which have a strong smell and a spicy taste, and
in medicine are considered as stomachic and carminative.
Coridine \Co"ri*dine\ (k?"r?-d?n; 104), n. [From L. cortium
leather.]
A colorless or yellowish oil, {C10H15N}, of a leathery odor,
occuring in coal tar, Dippel's oil, tobacco smoke, etc.,
regarded as an organic base, homologous with pyridine. Also,
one of a series of metameric compounds of which coridine is a
type. [Written also {corindine}.]
Corindon \Co*rin"don\ (k?-r?n"d?n), n. (Min.)
See {Corrundum}.
Corinne \Co`rinne"\ (k?`r?n"), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The common gazelle ({Gazella dorcas}). See {Gazelle}.
[Written also {korin}.]
Corinth \Cor"inth\ (k?r"?nth), n. [L. Corinthus, Gr. ????. Cf.
{Currant}.]
1. A city of Greece, famed for its luxury and extravagance.
2. A small fruit; a currant. [Obs.] --Broome.
Corinthiac \Co*rin"thi*ac\ (k?-r?n"th?-?k), a. [L.
Corinthiacus.]
Pertaining to Corinth.
Corinthian \Co*rin"thi*an\ (-an), a.
1. Of or relating to Corinth.
2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the Corinthian order of
architecture, invented by the Greeks, but more commonly
used by the Romans.
This is the lightest and most ornamental of the
three orders used by the Greeks. --Parker.
3. Debauched in character or practice; impure. --Milton.
4. Of or pertaining to an amateur sailor or yachtsman; as, a
corinthian race (one in which the contesting yachts must
be manned by amateurs.)
Corinthian \Co*rin"thi*an\, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Corinth.
2. A gay, licentious person. [Obs.]
Corium \Co"ri*um\ (k?"r?-?m), n. [L. corium leather.]
1. Armor made of leather, particularly that used by the
Romans; used also by Enlish soldiers till the reign of
Edward I. --Fosbroke.
2. (Anat.)
(a) Same as {Dermis}.
(b) The deep layer of mucous membranes beneath the
epithelium.
Corival \Co*ri"val\ (k[-o]*r[imac]"val), n.
A rival; a corrival.
Corival \Co*ri"val\, v. t.
To rival; to pretend to equal. --Shak.
Corivalry \Co*ri"val*ry\, Corivalship \Co*ri"val*ship\, n.
Joint rivalry.
Cork \Cork\ (k[^o]rk), n. [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. kork, D. kurk;
all fr. Sp. corcho, fr. L. cortex, corticis, bark, rind. Cf.
{Cortex}.]
1. The outer layer of the bark of the cork tree ({Quercus
Suber}), of which stoppers for bottles and casks are made.
See {Cutose}.
2. A stopper for a bottle or cask, cut out of cork.
3. A mass of tabular cells formed in any kind of bark, in
greater or less abundance.
Note: Cork is sometimes used wrongly for calk, calker;
calkin, a sharp piece of iron on the shoe of a horse or
ox.
{Cork jackets}, a jacket having thin pieces of cork inclosed
within canvas, and used to aid in swimming.
{Cork tree} (Bot.), the species of oak ({Quercus Suber} of
Southern Europe) whose bark furnishes the cork of
commerce.
Cork \Cork\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Corked} (k[^o]rkt); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Corking}.]
1. To stop with a cork, as a bottle.
2. To furnish or fit with cork; to raise on cork.
Tread on corked stilts a prisoner's pace. --Bp.
Hall.
Note: To cork is sometimes used erroneously for to calk, to
furnish the shoe of a horse or ox with sharp points,
and also in the meaning of cutting with a calk.
Corkage \Cork"age\ (-[asl]j), n.
The charge made by innkeepers for drawing the cork and taking
care of bottles of wine bought elsewhere by a guest.
Corked \Corked\ (k?rkt), a.
having acquired an unpleasant taste from the cork; as, a
bottle of wine is corked.
Cork fossil \Cork" fos`sil\ (k[^o]rk" f[o^]s`s[i^]l). (Min.)
A variety of amianthus which is very light, like cork.
Corkiness \Cork"i*ness\ (-[i^]*n[e^]s), n.
The quality of being corky.
Corking pin \Cork"ing pin`\ (k[^o]rk"[i^]ng p[i^]n`).
A pin of a large size, formerly used attaching a woman's
headdress to a cork mold. [Obs.] --Swift.
Corkscrew \Cork"screw`\ (-skr[udd]`), n.
An instrument with a screw or a steel spiral for drawing
corks from bottles.
{Corkscrew stairs}, a spiral staircase around a solid newel.
Corkscrew \Cork"screw`\, v. t.
To press forward in a winding way; as, to corkscrew one's way
through a crowd. [Colloq.] --Dickens.
Corkwing \Cork"wing`\ (-w[i^]ng`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A fish; the goldsinny.
Corky \Cork"y\ (-[y^]), a.
1. Consisting of, or like, cork; dry shriveled up.
Bind fast hiss corky arms. --Shak.
2. Tasting of cork.
Corm \Corm\ (k[^o]rm), n. [See {Cormus}.]
1. (Bot.) A solid bulb-shaped root, as of the crocus. See
{Bulb}.
2. (Biol.) Same as {Cormus}, 2.
Cormogeny \Cor*mog"e*ny\ (k[^o]r*m[o^]j"[-e]*n[y^]), n. [Gr.
kormo`s trunk of a tree + root of gi`gnesqai to be born.]
(Biol.)
The embryological history of groups or families of
individuals.
Cormophylogeny \Cor`mo*phy*log"e*ny\ (k?r`m?-f?-l?j"?-n?), n.
[Gr. kormo`s trunk of a tree + E. phylogeny.] (Biol.)
The phylogeny of groups or families of individuals.
--Haeckel.
Cormophytes \Cor"mo*phytes\ (k[^o]r"m[-o]*f[imac]ts), Cormophyta
\Cor*moph"y*ta\ (k[o^]r*m[o^]f"[i^]*t[.a]), n. pl. [NL.
cormophyta, fr. Gr. kormo`s trunk of a tree + fyto`n plant.]
(Bot.)
A term proposed by Endlicher to include all plants with an
axis containing vascular tissue and with foliage.
Cormorant \Cor"mo*rant\ (k[^o]r"m[-o]*rant), n. [F. cormoran,
fr. Armor. m[=o]r-vran a sea raven; m[=o]r sea + bran raven,
with cor, equiv. to L. corvus raven, pleonastically prefixed;
or perh. fr. L. corvus marinus sea raven.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of {Phalacrocorax}, a genus of sea
birds having a sac under the beak; the shag. Cormorants
devour fish voraciously, and have become the emblem of
gluttony. They are generally black, and hence are called
{sea ravens}, and {coalgeese}. [Written also {corvorant}.]
2. A voracious eater; a glutton, or gluttonous servant. --B.
Jonson.
Cormoraut \Cor"mo*raut\, a.
Ravenous; voracious.
Cormorant, devouring time. --Shak.
Cormus \Cor"mus\ (k[^o]r"m[u^]s), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kormo`s the
trunk of a tree (with the boughs cut off), fr. kei`rein to
shear.]
1. (Bot.) See {Corm}.
2. (Biol.) A vegetable or animal made up of a number of
individuals, such as, for example, would be formed by a
process of budding from a parent stalk wherre the buds
remain attached.
Corn \Corn\ (k[^o]rn), n. [L. cornu horn: cf. F. corne horn,
hornlike excrescence. See {Horn}.]
A thickening of the epidermis at some point, esp. on the
toes, by friction or pressure. It is usually painful and
troublesome.
Welcome, gentlemen! Ladies that have their toes
Unplagued with corns, will have a bout with you.
--Shak.
Note: The substance of a corn usually resembles horn, but
where moisture is present, as between the toes, it is
white and sodden, and is called a {soft corn}.
Corn \Corn\, n. [AS. corn; akin to OS. korn, D. koren, G., Dan.,
Sw., & Icel. korn, Goth. ka['u]rn, L. granum, Russ. zerno.
Cf. {Grain}, {Kernel}.]
1. A single seed of certain plants, as wheat, rye, barley,
and maize; a grain.
2. The various farinaceous grains of the cereal grasses used
for food, as wheat, rye, barley, maize, oats.
Note: In Scotland, corn is generally restricted to oats, in
the United States, to maize, or {Indian corn}, of which
there are several kinds; as, {yellow corn}, which grows
chiefly in the Northern States, and is yellow when
ripe; {white or southern corn}, which grows to a great
height, and has long white kernels; {sweet corn},
comprising a number of sweet and tender varieties,
grown chiefly at the North, some of which have kernels
that wrinkle when ripe and dry; {pop corn}, any small
variety, used for popping.
3. The plants which produce corn, when growing in the field;
the stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears, and seeds, after
reaping and before thrashing.
In one night, ere glimpse of morn, His shadowy flail
had thrashed the corn. --Milton.
4. A small, hard particle; a grain. ``Corn of sand.'' --Bp.
Hall. ``A corn of powder.'' --Beau. & Fl.
{Corn ball}, a ball of popped corn stuck together with soft
candy from molasses or sugar.
{Corn bread}, bread made of Indian meal.
{Corn cake}, a kind of corn bread; johnny cake; hoecake.
{Corn cockle} (Bot.), a weed ({Agrostemma or Lychnis
Githago}), having bright flowers, common in grain fields.
{Corn flag} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Gladiolus}; --
called also {sword lily}.
{Corn fly}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small fly which, in the larval state, is injurious
to grain, living in the stalk, and causing the disease
called ``gout,'' on account of the swelled joints. The
common European species is {Chlorops t[ae]niopus}.
(b) A small fly ({Anthomyia ze}) whose larva or maggot
destroys seed corn after it has been planted.
{Corn fritter}, a fritter having green Indian corn mixed
through its batter. [U. S.]
{Corn laws}, laws regulating trade in corn, especially those
in force in Great Britain till 1846, prohibiting the
importation of foreign grain for home consumption, except
when the price rose above a certain rate.
{Corn marigold}. (Bot.) See under {Marigold}.
{Corn oyster}, a fritter containing grated green Indian corn
and butter, the combined taste resembling that of oysters.
[U.S.]
{Corn parsley} (Bot.), a plant of the parsley genus
({Petroselinum segetum}), a weed in parts of Europe and
Asia.
{Corn popper}, a utensil used in popping corn.
{Corn poppy} (Bot.), the red poppy ({Papaver Rh[oe]as}),
common in European cornfields; -- also called {corn rose}.
{Corn rent}, rent paid in corn.
{Corn rose}. See {Corn poppy}.
{Corn salad} (Bot.), a name given to several species of
{Valerianella}, annual herbs sometimes used for salad. {V.
olitoria} is also called {lamb's lettuce}.
{Corn stone}, red limestone. [Prov. Eng.]
{Corn violet} (Bot.), a species of {Campanula}.
{Corn weevil}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small weevil which causes great injury to grain.
(b) In America, a weevil ({Sphenophorus ze[ae]}) which
attacks the stalk of maize near the root, often doing
great damage. See {Grain weevil}, under {Weevil}.
Corn \Corn\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Corned} (k?rnd); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Corning}.]
1. To preserve and season with salt in grains; to sprinkle
with salt; to cure by salting; now, specifically, to salt
slightly in brine or otherwise; as, to corn beef; to corn
a tongue.
2. To form into small grains; to granulate; as, to corn
gunpowder.
3. To feed with corn or (in Sctland) oats; as, to corn
horses. --Jamieson.
4. To render intoxicated; as, ale strong enough to corn one.
[Colloq.]
{Corning house}, a house or place where powder is corned or
granulated.
Cornage \Cor"nage\ (k?r"n?j), n. [OF.,, horn-blowing, tax on
horned cattle, fr. F. corne a horn, L. cornu.] (Law)
Anancient tenure of land, which obliged the tenant to give
notice of an invasion by blowing a horn.
Cornamute \Cor"na*mute\ (k?r"n?-m?t), n.
A cornemuse. [Obs.]
Cornbind \Corn"bind`\ (k?rn"b?nd`), n. (Bot.)
A weed that binds stalks of corn, as {Convolvulus arvensis},
{Polygonum Convolvulus}. [Prov. Eng.]
Corncob \Corn"cob`\ (k?rn"k?b`), n.
The cob or axis on which the kernels of Indian corn grow.
[U.S.]
Corncrake \Corn"crake`\ (-kr?k`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A bird ({Crex crex} or {C. pratensis}) which frequents grain
fields; the European crake or land rail; -- called also {corn
bird}.
Corncrib \Corn"crib`\ (k?rn"kr?b`), n.
A crib for storing corn.
Corncutter \Corn"cut`ter\ (-k?t`t?r), n.
1. A machine for cutting up stalks of corn for food of
cattle.
2. An implement consisting of a long blade, attached to a
handle at nearly a right angle, used for cutting down the
stalks of Indian corn.
Corndodger \Corn"dodg`er\ (-d?j`?r), n.
A cake made of the meal of Indian corn, wrapped in a covering
of husks or paper, and baked under the embers. [U.S.]
--Bartlett.
Cornea \Cor"ne*a\ (k?r"n?-?), n.; pl. {Corneas} (-?z). [Fem.
sing., fr. L. corneus horny, fr. cornu a horn. See {Horn}.]
(Anat.)
The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball which covers
the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior. See
{Eye}.
Corneal \Cor"ne*al\ (-al), a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the cornea.
Cornel \Cor"nel\ (-n?l), n. [OF. cornille, cornoille, F.
cornouille, cornel berry, LL. cornolium cornel tree, fr. L.
cornus, fr. cornu horn, in allusion to the hardness of the
wood. See {Horn}.]
1. (Bot.) The cornelian cherry ({Cornus Mas}), a European
shrub with clusters of small, greenish flowers, followed
by very acid but edible drupes resembling cherries.
2. Any species of the genus {Cornus}, as {C. florida}, the
flowering cornel; {C. stolonifera}, the osier cornel; {C.
Canadensis}, the dwarf cornel, or bunchberry.
Cornelian \Cor*nel"ian\ (k?r-n?lyan), n. [F. cornaline, OF.
corneline, fr. L. cornu horn. So called from its horny
appearance when broken. See {Horn}, and cf. {Carnelian}.]
(Min.)
Same as {Carnelian}.
Cornemuse \Corne"muse\ (k?rn"m?z), n. [F.]
A wind instrument nearly identical with the bagpipe.
--Drayton.
Corneocalcareous \Cor"ne*o*cal*ca"re*ous\
(k?rn?-?-k?l-k?"r?-?s), a.
1. (Zo["o]l.) Formed of a mixture of horny and calcareous
materials, as some shells and corals.
2. Horny on one side and calcareous on the other.
Corneouss \Cor"ne*ouss\ (-?s), a. [L. corneus, fr. cornu horn.]
Of a texture resembling horn; horny; hard. -- Sir T. Browne.
Corner \Cor"ner\ (k?r"n?r), n. [OF. corniere, cornier, LL.
cornerium, corneria, fr. L. cornu horn, end, point. See
{Horn}.]
1. The point where two converging lines meet; an angle,
either external or internal.
2. The space in the angle between converging lines or walls
which meet in a point; as, the chimney corner.
3. An edge or extremity; the part farthest from the center;
hence, any quarter or part.
From the four corners of the earth they come.
--Shak.
4. A secret or secluded place; a remote or out of the way
place; a nook.
This thing was not done in a corner. --Acts xxvi.
26.
5. Direction; quarter.
Sits the wind in that corner! --Shak.
6. The state of things produced by a combination of persons,
who buy up the whole or the available part of any stock or
species of property, which compels those who need such
stock or property to buy of them at their own price; as, a
corner in a railway stock. [Broker's Cant]
{Corner stone}, the stone which lies at the corner of two
walls, and unites them; the principal stone; especially,
the stone which forms the corner of the foundation of an
edifice; hence, that which is fundamental importance or
indispensable. ``A prince who regarded uniformity of faith
as the corner stone of his government.'' --Prescott.
{Corner tooth}, one of the four teeth which come in a horse's
mouth at the age of four years and a half, one on each
side of the upper and of the lower jaw, between the middle
teeth and the tushes.
Corner \Cor"ner\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cornered} (-n?rd); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Cornering}.]
1. To drive into a corner.
2. To drive into a position of great difficulty or hopeless
embarrassment; as, to corner a person in argument.
3. To get command of (a stock, commodity, etc.), so as to be
able to put one's own price on it; as, to corner the
shares of a railroad stock; to corner petroleum.
Cornercap \Cor"ner*cap`\ (-k?p`), n.
The chief ornament. [Obs.]
Thou makest the triumviry the cornercap of society.
--Shak.
Cornered \Cor"nered\ (-n?rd), p. a.
1 Having corners or angles.
2. In a possition of great difficulty; brought to bay.
Cornerwise \Cor"ner*wise`\ (-w?z`), adv.
With the corner in front; diagonally; not square.
Cornet \Cor"net\ (k?r"n?t), n. [F. cornet, m. (for senses 1 &
2), cornette, f. & m. (for senses 3 & 4), dim. of corne horn,
L. cornu. See {Horn}.]
1. (Mus.)
(a) An obsolete rude reed instrument (Ger. Zinken), of the
oboe family.
(b) A brass instrument, with cupped mouthpiece, and
furnished with valves or pistons, now used in bands,
and, in place of the trumpet, in orchestras. See
{Cornet-[`a]-piston}.
(c) A certain organ stop or register.
2. A cap of paper twisted at the end, used by retailers to
inclose small wares. --Cotgrave.
3. (Mil.)
(a) A troop of cavalry; -- so called from its being
accompanied by a cornet player. [Obs.] ``A body of
five cornets of horse.'' --Clarendon.
(b) The standard of such a troop. [Obs.]
(c) The lowest grade of commissioned officer in a British
cavalry troop, who carried the standard. The office
was abolished in 1871.
4. A headdress:
(a) A square cap anciently worn as a mark of certain
professions.
(b) A part of a woman's headdress, in the 16th century.
5. [Cf. {Coronet}.] (Far.) See {Coronet}, 2.
Cornet-a-piston \Cor"net-[`a]-pis`ton\ (k?r"n?t-?-p?s"t?n; F.
k?r`n?`?p?s`{t?n}"), n.; pl. {Cornets-[`a]-piston}. [F.]
(Mus.)
A brass wind instrument, like the trumpet, furnished with
valves moved by small pistons or sliding rods; a cornopean; a
cornet.
Cornetcy \Cor"net*cy\ (k?r"n?t-s?), n.
The commission or rank of a cornet.
Corneter \Cor"net*er\ (k?r"n?t-?r), n.
One who blows a cornet.
Corneule \Cor"neule\ (k?r"n?l), n. [F., dim. of corn?e the
cornea.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the corneas of a compound eye in the invertebrates.
--Carpenter.
Cornfield \Corn"field`\ (k?rn"f?ld`), n.
A field where corn is or has been growing; -- in England, a
field of wheat, rye, barley, or oats; in America, a field of
Indian corn.
Cornfloor \Corn"floor`\ (-fl?r`), n.
A thrashing floor. --Hos. ix. 1.
Cornflower \Corn"flow`er\ (-flou`?r), n. (Bot.)
A conspicuous wild flower ({Centaurea Cyanus}), growing in
grainfields.
Cornic \Cor"nic\ (k?r"n?k), a.
Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, the dogwood
({Cornus florida}).
Cornice \Cor"nice\ (k?r"n?s), n. [F. corniche, It. cornice, LL.
coronix, cornix, fr. L. coronis a curved line, a flourish
with the pen at the end of a book or chapter, Gr. ???; akin
to L. corona crown. sEE {Crown}, and cf. {Coronis}.] (Arch.)
Any horizontal, molded or otherwise decorated projection
which crowns or finishes the part to which it is affixed; as,
the cornice of an order, pedestal, door, window, or house.
--Gwilt.
{Cornice ring}, the ring on a cannon next behind the muzzle
ring.
Corniced \Cor"niced\ (k?r"n?st), a.
Having a cornice.
Cornicle \Cor"ni*cle\ (k?r"n?-k'l), n. [L. corniculum, dim. of
cornu horn.]
A little horn. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Cornicular \Cor*nic"u*lar\ (-l?r), n. [L. cornicularius.]
A secretary or clerk. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Corniculate \Cor/nic"u*late\ (k?r-n?k"?-l?t), a. [L.
corniculatus.]
1. Horned; having horns. --Dr. H. More.
2. (Bot.) Having processes resembling small horns.
Corniculum \Cor*nic"u*lum\ (k?r-n?k"?-l?m), n.; pl. {Cornicula}
(-l?). [L. corniculum little horn.] (Anat.)
A small hornlike part or process.
Corniferous \Cor*nif"er*ous\ (k?r-n?f"?r-?s), a. [L. cornu horn
+ -ferous.] (Geol.)
Of or pertaining to the lowest period of the Devonian age.
(See the Diagram, under {Geology}.) The Corniferous period
has been so called from the numerous seams of hornstone which
characterize the later part of the period, as developed in
the State of New York.
Cornific \Cor*nif"ic\ (k?r-n?f"?k), a. [L. cornu horn + facere
to make.]
Producing horns; forming horn.
Cornification \Cor`ni*fi*ca"tion\ (k?r`n?-f?-k?"sh?n), n.
Conversion into, or formation of, horn; a becoming like horn.
Cornified \Cor"ni*fied\ (k?r"n?-f?d), a. [L. cornu horn + -fy.]
(Anat.)
Converted into horn; horny.
Corniform \Cor"ni*form\ (-f?rm), a. [L. cornu horn + -form.]
Having the shape of a horn; horn-shaped.
Cornigerous \Cor*nig"er*ous\ (k?r-n?j"?r-?s), a. [L. corniger;
cornu horn + gerere to bear.]
Horned; having horns; as, cornigerous animals. [Obs.] --Sir
T. Browne.
Cornin \Cor"nin\ (k?r"n?n), n. (Chem.)
(a) A bitter principle obtained from dogwood ({Cornus
florida}), as a white crystalline substance; -- called
also {cornic acid}.
(b) An extract from dogwood used as a febrifuge.
Corniplume \Cor"ni*plume\ (k?r"n?-pl?m), n. [L. cornu horn +
pluma feather.] (Zo["o]l.)
A hornlike tuft of feathers on the head of some birds.
Cornish \Cor"nish\ (k?r"n?sh), a.
Of or pertaining to Cornwall, in England.
{Cornish chough}. See {Chough}.
{Cornish engine}, a single-acting pumping engine, used in
mines, in Cornwall and elsewhere, and for water works. A
heavy pump rod or plunger, raised by the steam, forces up
the water by its weight, in descending.
Cornish \Cor"nish\, n.
The dialect, or the people, of Cornwall.
Cornist \Cor"nist\, n.
A performer on the cornet or horn.
Cornloft \Corn"loft`\ (k?rn"l?ft`), n.
A loft for corn; a granary.
Cornmuse \Corn"muse\ (-m?z), n.
A cornemuse.
Corno di bassetto \Cor"no di bas*set"to\ (k?r"n? d? b?s-s?t"t?
or b?s-s?t"t?); pl. {Corni di basseto}. [It.] (Mus.)
A tenor clarinet; -- called also {basset horn}, and sometimes
confounded with the English horn, which is a tenor oboe.
Corno Inglese \Cor"no In*gle"se\ (?n-gl?"z?); pl. {Corni
Inglesi} (-z?). [It.] (Mus.)
A reed instrument, related to the oboe, but deeper in pitch;
the English horn.
Cornopean \Cor*no"pe*an\ (k?r-n?"p?-an), n. (Mus.)
An obsolete name for the cornet-[`a]-piston.
Cornsheller \Corn"shell`er\ (k?rn"sh?l`?r), n.
A machine that separates the kernels of corn from the cob.
Cornshuck \Corn"shuck`\ (-sh[u^]k`), n.
The husk covering an ear of Indian corn. [Colloq. U.S.]
Cornstalk \Corn"stalk`\ (-st[add]k`), n.
A stalk of Indian corn.
Cornstarch \Corn"starch`\ (-st[aum]rch`), n.
Starch made from Indian corn, esp. a fine white flour used
for puddings, etc.
Cornu \Cor"nu\ (k[^o]r"n[-u]), n.; pl. {Cornua} (-n[-u]*[.a]).
[L.]
A horn, or anything shaped like or resembling a horn.
Cornu Ammonis \Cor"nu Am*mo"nis\ ([a^]m*m[=o]"n[i^]s); pl.
{Cornua Ammonis}. [L., horn of Ammon. See {Ammonite}.]
(Paleon.)
A fossil shell, curved like a ram's horn; an obsolete name
for an ammonite.
Cornucopia \Cor`nu*co"pi*a\ (k[^o]r`n[-u]*k[=o]"p[i^]*[.a]), n.;
pl. {Cornucopias} (-[.a]z). [L. cornu copiae horn of plenty.
See {Horn}, and {Copious}.]
1. The horn of plenty, from which fruits and flowers are
represented as issuing. It is an emblem of abundance.
2. pl. (Bot.) A genus of grasses bearing spikes of flowers
resembling the cornucopia in form.
Note: Some writers maintain that this word should be written,
in the singular, {cornu copi[ae]}, and in the plural,
{cornua copi[ae]}.
Cornute \Cor"nute\ (k?r"n?t or k?r-n?t"), Cornuted \Cor*nut"ed\
(k?r-n?"t?d), a. [L. cornutus horned, from cornu horn.]
1. Bearing horns; horned; horn-shaped.
2. Cuckolded. [R.] ``My being cornuted.'' --LEstrange.
Cornute \Cor*nute"\ (k?r-n?t"), v. t.
To bestow horns upon; to make a cuckold of; to cuckold.
[Obs.] --Burton.
Cornuto \Cor*nu"to\ (k?r-n?"t?), n. [It., fr. L. cornutus
horned.]
A man that wears the horns; a cuckold. [R.] --Shak.
Cornutor \Cor*nu"tor\ (-t?r), n.
A cuckold maker. [R.] --Jordan.
Corny \Cor"ny\ (k?r"n?), a. [L. cornu horn.]
Strong, stiff, or hard, like a horn; resembling horn.
Up stood the cornu reed. --Milton.
Corny \Corn"y\, a.
1. Producing corn or grain; furnished with grains of corn.
[R.] ``The corny ear.'' --Prior.
2. Containing corn; tasting well of malt. [R.]
A draught of moist and corny ale. --Chaucer.
3. Tipsy. [Vulgar, Eng.] --Forby.
Corocore \Cor"o*core\ (k?r"?-k?r), n.
A kind of boat of various forms, used in the Indian
Archipelago.
Corody \Cor"o*dy\ (k?r"?-d?), n. [LL. corrodium, corredium,
conredium, furniture, provision: cf. OF. conroi. See
{Curry}.] (Old Law)
An allowance of meat, drink, or clothing due from an abbey or
other religious house for the sustenance of such of the
king's servants as he may designate to receive it. [Written
also {corrody}.]
Corol \Cor"ol\ (k?r"?l), n. (Bot.)
A corolla.
Corolla \Co*rol"la\ (k?-r?l"l?), n. [L. corolla a little crown
or garland, dim. of corona. See {Crown}.] (Bot.)
The inner envelope of a flower; the part which surrounds the
organs of fructification, consisting of one or more leaves,
called petals. It is usually distinguished from the calyx by
the fineness of its texture and the gayness of its colors.
See the Note under {Blossom}.
Corollaceous \Cor`ol*la"ceous\ (k?r`?l-l?"sh?s), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a corolla; having the form or
texture of a corolla.
Corollary \Cor"ol*la*ry\ (k?r"?l-l?-r?; 277), n.; pl.
{Corollaries} (-r?z). [L. corollarium gift, corollary, fr.
corolla. See {Corolla}.]
1. That which is given beyond what is actually due, as a
garland of flowers in addition to wages; surplus;
something added or superfluous. [Obs.]
Now come, my Ariel; bring a corollary, Rather than
want a spirit. --Shak.
2. Something which follows from the demonstration of a
proposition; an additional inference or deduction from a
demonstrated proposition; a consequence.
Corollate \Cor"ol*late\ (k?r"?l-l?t), Corollated \Cor"ol*la`ted\
(-l?`t?d), a.
Having a corolla or corollas; like a corolla.
Corollet \Cor"ol*let\ (k?r"?l-l?t), n. [Dim. fr. corolla.]
(Bot.)
A floret in an aggregate flower. [Obs.] --Martyn.
Corollifloral \Co*rol`li*flo"ral\ (k?-r?l`l?-fl?"ral),
Corolliflorous \Co*rol`li*flo"rous\ (-fl?"r?s), a. [Corolla + L.
flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)
Having the stamens borne on the petals, and the latter free
from the calyx. Compare {Calycifloral} and {Thalamifloral}.
Corolline \Cor"ol*line\ (-l?n), a.
Of or pertaining to a corolla.
Coromandel \Cor`o*man"del\ (k?r`?-m?n"del), n. (Geol.)
The west coast, or a portion of the west coast, of the Bay of
Bengal.
{Coromandel gooseberry}. See {Carambola}.
{Coromandel wood}, Calamander wood.
Corona \Co*ro"na\ (k?-r?"n?), n.; pl. L. {Coron[ae]} (-n?), E.
{Coronas} (-n?z). [L. corona crown. See {Crown}.]
1. A crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward
for distinguished services.
2. (Arch.) The projecting part of a Classic cornice, the
under side of which is cut with a recess or channel so as
to form a drip. See Illust. of {Column}.
3. (Anat.) The upper surface of some part, as of a tooth or
the skull; a crown.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The shelly skeleton of a sea urchin.
5. (Astrol.) A peculiar luminous appearance, or aureola,
which surrounds the sun, and which is seen only when the
sun is totally eclipsed by the moon.
6. (Bot.)
(a) An inner appendage to a petal or a corolla, often
forming a special cup, as in the daffodil and jonquil.
(b) Any crownlike appendage at the top of an organ.
7. (Meteorol.)
(a) A circle, usually colored, seen in peculiar states of
the atmosphere around and close to a luminous body, as
the sun or moon.
(b) A peculiar phase of the {aurora borealis}, formed by
the concentration or convergence of luminous beams
around the point in the heavens indicated by the
direction of the dipping needle.
8. A crown or circlet suspended from the roof or vaulting of
churches, to hold tapers lighted on solemn occasions. It
is sometimes formed of double or triple circlets, arranged
pyramidically. Called also {corona lucis}. --Fairholt.
9. (Mus.) A character [[pause]] called the {pause} or {hold}.
Coronach \Cor"o*nach\ (k?r"?-n?k), n.
See {Coranach}.
Coronal \Cor"o*nal\ (k?r"?-nal or, esp. in science, k?-r?"nal;
277), a. [L. coronalis: cf. F. coronal.]
1. Of or pertaining to a corona (in any of the senses).
The coronal light during the eclipse is faint.
--Abney.
2. Of or pertaining to a king's crown, or coronation.
The law and his coronal oath require his undeniable
assent to what laws the Parliament agree upon.
--Milton.
3. Of or pertaining to the top of the head or skull.
4. (Zo["o]l.) Of or pertaining to the shell of a sea urchin.
{Coronal suture} (Anat.), a suture extending across the skull
between the parietal and frontal bones; the
fronto-parietal suture.
Coronal \Cor"o*nal\, n.
1. A crown; wreath; garland. --Spenser.
2. The frontal bone, over which the ancients wore their
coron[ae] or garlands. --Hooper.
Coronamen \Cor`o*na"men\ (k?r`-n?"m?n), n. [L., a crowning.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The upper margin of a hoof; a coronet.
Coronary \Cor"o*na*ry\ (k?r"?-n?-r?), a. [L. coronarius: cf. F.
coronaire.]
1. Of or pertaining to a crown; forming, or adapted to form,
a crown or garland. ``Coronary thorns.'' --Bp. Pearson.
The catalogue of coronary plants is not large in
Theophrastus. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. (Anat.) Resembling, or situated like, a crown or circlet;
as, the coronary arteries and veins of the heart.
Coronary \Cor"o*na*ry\, n.
A small bone in the foot of a horse.
Coronate \Cor"o*nate\ (k?r"?-n?t), Coronated \Cor"o*na`ted\
(-n?`t?ed), a. [L. coronatus, p. p. of coronare to crown, fr.
corona. See {Crown}.]
1. Having or wearing a crown.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Having the coronal feathers lengthened or otherwise
distinguished; -- said of birds.
(b) Girt about the spire with a row of tubercles or
spines; -- said of spiral shells.
3. (Biol.) Having a crest or a crownlike appendage.
Coronation \Cor`o*na"tion\ (k?r`?-n?"sh?n), n. [See {Coronate}.]
1. The act or solemnity of crowning a sovereign; the act of
investing a prince with the insignia of royalty, on his
succeeding to the sovereignty.
2. The pomp or assembly at a coronation. --Pope.
Coronel \Coro"nel\ (k?r"nel), n. [See {Colonel}.]
A colonel. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Coronel \Cor"o*nel\ (k?r"?-n?l or k?r"n?l), n. [Cf. {Cronel},
{Crown}.] (Anc. Armor)
The iron head of a tilting spear, divided into two, three, or
four blunt points. [Written also {cronel}.] --Grose.
Coroner \Cor"o*ner\ (k?r"?-n?r), n. [From OE. coronen to crown,
OF. coroner, fr. L. coronare, fr. corona crown. Formed as a
translation of LL. coronator coroner, fr. L. corona crown,
the coroner having been originally a prosecuting officer of
the crown. See {Crown}.]
An officer of the peace whose principal duty is to inquire,
with the help of a jury, into the cause of any violent,
sudden or mysterious death, or death in prison, usually on
sight of the body and at the place where the death occurred.
[In England formerly also written and pronounced {crowner}.]
Note: In some of the United States the office of coroner is
abolished, that of medical examiner taking its place.
{Coroner's inquest}. See under {Inquest}.
Coronet \Cor"o*net\ (k?r"?-n?t), n. [Dim. of OE. corone crown;
cf. OF. coronete. See {Crown}, and cf. {Crownet}, {Cronet}.]
1. An ornamental or honorary headdress, having the shape and
character of a crown; particularly, a crown worn as the
mark of high rank lower than sovereignty. The word is used
by Shakespeare to denote also a kingly crown.
Without a star, a coronet, or garter. --Goldsmith.
Note: The coronet of the Prince of Wales consist of a circlet
of gold with four crosses patt['e]e around the edge
between as many fleurs-de-lis. The center crosses are
connected by an arch which is surmounted by a globe or
cross. The coronet of a British duke is adorned with
strawberry leaves; that of a marquis has leaves with
pearls interposed; that of an earl raises the pearls
above the leaves; that of a viscount is surrounded with
pearls only; that of a baron has only four pearls.
2. (Far.) The upper part of a horse's hoof, where the horn
terminates in skin. --James White.
3. (Anc. Armor) The iron head of a tilting spear; a coronel.
--Crose.
Coroneted \Cor"o*net*ed\ (-n?t-?d), a.
Wearing, or entitled to wear, a coronet; of noble birth or
rank.
Coroniform \Co*ron"i*form\ (k?-r?n"?-f?rm or k?-r?"n?-), a. [L.
corona crown + -form.]
Having the form of a crown or coronet; resembling a crown.
Coronilla \Cor`o*nil"la\ (k?r`?-n?l"l?), n. [NL., fr. L. corona
crown: cf. F. coronille.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants related to the clover, having their flowers
arranged in little heads or tufts resembling coronets.
Coronis \Co*ro"nis\ (k?-r?"n?s), n. [Gr. korwni`s anything
curved. See {Cornice}.]
1. In Greek grammar, a sign ['] sometimes placed over a
contracted syllable. --W. W. Goodwin.
2. The curved line or flourish at the end of a book or
chapter; hence, the end. [R.] --Bp. Hacket.
Coronoid \Cor"o*noid\ (k[o^]r"[-o]*noid), a. [Gr. korw`nh crow +
-oid: cf. F. corono["i]de.] (Anat.)
Resembling the beak of a crow; as, the coronoid process of
the jaw, or of the ulna.
Coronule \Cor"o*nule\ (k?r"?-n?l), n. [L. coronula, dim. of
corona crown.] (Bot.)
A coronet or little crown of a seed; the downy tuft on seeds.
See {Pappus}. --Martyn.
Coroun \Co*roun"\ (k?-roun"), v. & n.
Crown. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Corozo \Co*ro"zo\ Corosso \Co*ros"so\ (k?-r?"th? or -s?), n.
[Cf. Sp. cerozo a kind of palm tree.]
The name in Central America for the seed of a true palm;
also, a commercial name for the true ivory nut. See {Ivory
nut}.
Corporace \Cor"po*race\ (k?r"p?-r?s), n.
See {Corporas}.
Corporal \Cor"po*ral\ (k[^o]r"p[-o]*ral), n. [Corrupted fr. F.
caporal, It. caporale, fr. capo head, chief, L. caput. See
{Chief}, and cf. {Caporal}.] (Mil.)
A noncommissioned officer, next below a sergeant. In the
United States army he is the lowest noncommissioned officer
in a company of infantry. He places and relieves sentinels.
{Corporal's guard}, a detachment such as would be in charge
of a corporal for guard duty, etc.; hence, derisively, a
very small number of persons.
{Lance corporal}, an assistant corporal on private's pay.
--Farrow.
{Ship's corporal} (Naut.), a petty officer who assists the
master at arms in his various duties.
Corporal \Cor"po*ral\, a. [L. corporalis, fr. corpus body. See
{Corpse}.]
1. Belonging or relating to the body; bodily. ``Past corporal
toil.'' --Shak.
Pillories and other corporal infections. --Milton.
{Corporal punishment} (law), punishment applied to the body
of the offender, including the death penalty, whipping,
and imprisonment.
2. Having a body or substance; not spiritual; material. In
this sense now usually written corporeal. --Milton.
A corporal heaven . . . .where the stare are.
--Latimer.
What seemed corporal melted As breath into the wind.
--Shak.
Syn: {Corporal}, {Bodily}, {Corporeal}.
Usage: Bodily is opposed to mental; as, bodily affections.
Corporeal refers to the whole physical structure or
nature, of the body; as, corporeal substance or frame.
Corporal, as now used, refers more to punishment or
some infliction; as, corporal punishment. To speak of
corporeal punishment is an error. Bodily austerities;
the corporeal mold.
Corporal \Cor"po*ral\ (k[^o]r"p[-o]*ral), Corporale
\Cor`po*ra"le\ (-r?"l?), n. [LL. corporale: cf. F. corporal. See
{Corporal},a.]
A fine linen cloth, on which the sacred elements are
consecrated in the eucharist, or with which they are covered;
a communion cloth.
{Corporal oath}, a solemn oath; -- so called from the fact
that it was the ancient usage for the party taking it to
touch the corporal, or cloth that covered the consecrated
elements.
Corporality \Cor`po*ral"i*ty\ (k?r`p?-r?l"l?-t?), n.: pl.
{Corporalities} (-t?z). [L. corporalitas: cf. F.
corporalit?.]
1. The state of being or having a body; bodily existence;
corporeality; -- opposed to spirituality. --Dr. H. More.
2. A confraternity; a guild. [Obs.] --Milton.
Corporally \Cor"po*ral*ly\ (k?r"p?-ral-ly), adv.
In or with the body; bodily; as, to be corporally present.
--Sharp.
Corporalship \Cor"po*ral*ship\, n. (Mil.)
A corporal's office.
Corporas \Cor"po*ras\ (k?r"p?-r?s), n. [Prop. pl. of corporal.]
The corporal, or communion cloth. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Corporate \Cor"po*rate\ (k?r"p?-r?t), a. [L. corporatus, p. p.
of corporare to shape into a body, fr. corpus body. See
{Corpse}.]
1. Formed into a body by legal enactment; united in an
association, and endowed by law with the rights and
liabilities of an individual; incorporated; as, a
corporate town.
2. Belonging to a corporation or incorporated body.
``Corporate property.'' --Hallam.
3. United; general; collectively one.
They answer in a joint and corporate voice. --Shak.
{Corporate member}, an actual or voting member of a
corporation, as distinguished from an associate or an
honorary member; as, a corporate member of the American
Board.
Corporate \Cor"po*rate\ (-r?t), v. t.
To incorporate. [Obs.] -- Stow.
Corporate \Cor"po*rate\, v. i.
To become incorporated. [Obs.]
Corporately \Cor"po*rate*ly\ (-r?t-l?), adv.
1. In a corporate capacity; acting as a corporate body.
2. In, or as regarda, the body. --Fabyan.
Corporation \Cor`po*ra"tion\ (k[^o]r`p[-o]*r[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
[L. corporatio incarnation: cf. F. corporation corporation.]
A body politic or corporate, formed and authorized by law to
act as a single person, and endowed by law with the capacity
of succession; a society having the capacity of transacting
business as an individual.
Note: Corporations are aggregate or sole. {Corporations
aggregate} consist of two or more persons united in a
society, which is preserved by a succession of members,
either forever or till the corporation is dissolved by
the power that formed it, by the death of all its
members, by surrender of its charter or franchises, or
by forfeiture. Such corporations are the mayor and
aldermen of cities, the head and fellows of a college,
the dean and chapter of a cathedral church, the
stockholders of a bank or insurance company, etc. A
{corporation sole} consists of a single person, who is
made a body corporate and politic, in order to give him
some legal capacities, and especially that of
succession, which as a natural person he can not have.
Kings, bishops, deans, parsons, and vicars, are in
England sole corporations. A fee will not pass to a
corporation sole without the word ``successors'' in the
grant. There are instances in the United States of a
minister of a parish seized of parsonage lands in the
right of his parish, being a corporation sole, as in
Massachusetts. Corporations are sometimes classified as
public and private; public being convertible with
municipal, and {private corporations} being all
corporations not municipal.
{Close corporation}. See under {Close}.
Corporator \Cor"po*ra`tor\ (k[^o]"p?-r?`t?r), n.
A member of a corporation, esp. one of the original members.
Corporature \Cor"po*ra*ture\ (k[^o]r"p?-r?-t?r), n.
The state of being embodied; bodily existence. [Obs.] --Dr.
H. More.
Corporeal \Cor*po"re*al\ (k[^o]r*p[=o]"r[-e]*al), a. [L.
corporeus, fr. corpus body.]
Having a body; consisting of, or pertaining to, a material
body or substance; material; -- opposed to {spiritual} or
{immaterial}.
His omnipotence That to corporeal substance could add
Speed almost spiritual. --Milton.
{Corporeal property}, such as may be seen and handled (as
opposed to incorporeal, which can not be seen or handled,
and exists only in contemplation). --Mozley & W.
Syn: Corporal; bodily. See {Corporal}.
Corporealism \Cor*po"re*al*ism\ (-?z'm), n.
Materialism. --Cudworth.
Corporealist \Cor*po"re*al*ist\ (k[o^]r*p[=o]"r[-e]*al*[i^]st),
n.
One who denies the reality of spiritual existences; a
materialist.
Some corporealists pretended . . . to make a world
without a God. --Bp.
Berkeley.
Corporeality \Cor*po`re*al"i*ty\ (-?l"?-t?), n.: pl.
{Corporealities} (-t[i^]z).
The state of being corporeal; corporeal existence.
Corporeally \Cor*po"re*al*ly\ (k[o^]r*p[=o]"r[-e]*al*l[y^]),
adv.
In the body; in a bodily form or manner.
Corporealness \Cor*po"re*al*ness\ (-n?s), n.
Corporeality; corporeity.
Corporeity \Cor`po*re"i*ty\ (k?r`p?-r?"?-t?), n. [LL.
corporeitas: cf. F. corpor?it?.]
The state of having a body; the state of being corporeal;
materiality.
The one attributed corporeity to God. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Those who deny light to be matter, do not therefore
deny its corporeity. --Coleridge.
Corporify \Cor*por"i*fy\ (k?r-p?r"?-f?), v. t. [L. corpus body +
-fy: cf. F. corporifier.]
To embody; to form into a body. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Corposant \Cor"po*sant\ (k?r"p?-z?nt), n. [It. corpo santo holy
body.]
St. Elmo's fire. See under {Saint}.
Corps \Corps\ (k[=o]r, pl. k[=o]rz), n. sing. & pl. [F., fr. L.
corpus body. See {Corpse}.]
1. The human body, whether living or dead. [Obs.] See
{Corpse}, 1.
By what craft in my corps, it cometh [commences] and
where. --Piers
Plowman.
2. A body of men; esp., an organized division of the military
establishment; as, the marine corps; the corps of
topographical engineers; specifically, an army corps.
A corps operating with an army should consist of
three divisions of the line, a brigade of artillery,
and a regiment of cavalry. --Gen. Upton
(U. S.
Tactics. )
3. A body or code of laws. [Obs.]
The whole corps of the law. --Bacon.
4. (Eccl.) The land with which a prebend or other
ecclesiastical office is endowed. [Obs.]
The prebendaries over and above their reserved rents
have a corps. --Bacon.
{Army corps}, or (French) {Corps d'arm['e]e} (k[-o]r`
d[aum]r`m[asl]"), a body containing two or more divisions
of a large army, organized as a complete army in itself.
{Corps de logis} (k[-o]r` de l[-o]`zh[-e]") [F., body of the
house], the principal mass of a building, considered apart
from its wings.
{Corps diplomatique} (k?r d?`pl?`m?-t?k") [F., diplomatic
body], the body of ministers or envoys accredited to a
government.
Corpse \Corpse\ (k[^o]rps), n. [OF. cors (sometimes written
corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See
{Midriff}, and cf. {Corse}, {Corselet}, {Corps}, {Cuerpo}.]
1. A human body in general, whether living or dead; --
sometimes contemptuously. [Obs.]
Note: Formerly written (after the French form) corps. See
{Corps}, n., 1.
2. The dead body of a human being; -- used also Fig.
He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and it
sprung upon its feet. --D. Webster.
{Corpse candle}.
(a) A thick candle formerly used at a lich wake, or the
customary watching with a corpse on the night before
its interment.
(b) A luminous appearance, resembling the flame of a
candle, sometimes seen in churchyards and other damp
places, superstitiously regarded as portending death.
{Corpse gate}, the gate of a burial place through which the
dead are carried, often having a covered porch; -- called
also {lich gate}.
Corpulence \Cor"pu*lence\ (k?r"p?-lens), Corpulency
\Cor"pu*len*cy\ (k?r"p?-len-s?), n. [L. corpulentia: cf. F.
corpulence.]
1. Excessive fatness; fleshiness; obesity.
2. Thickness; density; compactness. [Obs.]
The heaviness and corpulency of water requiring a
great force to divide it. --Ray.
Corpulent \Cor"pu*lent\ (-p?-lent), a. [L. corpulentus, fr.
corpus: cf. F. corpulent. See {Corpse}.]
1. Very fat; obese.
2. Solid; gross; opaque. [Obs.] --Holland.
Syn: Stout; fleshy; bulky; obese. See {Stout}.
Corpulently \Cor"pu*lent*ly\, adv.
In a corpulent manner.
Corpus \Cor"pus\ (-p[u^]s), n.; pl. {Corpora} (-p[-o]*r[.a]).
[L.]
A body, living or dead; the corporeal substance of a thing.
{Corpus callosum} (k[a^]l*l[=o]"s[u^]m); pl. {Corpora
callosa} (-s?) [NL., callous body] (Anat.), the great band
of commissural fibers uniting the cerebral hemispheres.
See {Brain}.
{Corpus Christi} (kr[i^]s"t[imac]) [L., body of Christ] (R.
C. Ch.), a festival in honor of the eucharist, observed on
the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.
{Corpus Christi cloth}. Same as {Pyx cloth}, under {Pyx}.
{Corpus delicti} (d[-e]*l[i^]k"t[imac]) [L., the body of the
crime] (Law), the substantial and fundamental fact of the
comission of a crime; the proofs essential to establish a
crime.
{Corpus luteum} (l[=u]"t[-e]*[u^]m); pl. {Corpora lutea}
(-[.a]). [NL., luteous body] (Anat.), the reddish yellow
mass which fills a ruptured Graafian follicle in the
mammalian ovary.
{Corpus striatum} (str[-i]*[=a]"t[u^]m); pl. {Corpora
striata} (-t[.a]). [NL., striate body] (Anat.), a ridge in
the wall of each lateral ventricle of the brain.
Corpuscle \Cor"pus*cle\ (-p[u^]s*s'l), n. [L. corpusculum, dim.
of corpus.]
1. A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.
2. (Anat.) A protoplasmic animal cell; esp., such as float
free, like blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles; or such as
are imbedded in an intercellular matrix, like connective
tissue and cartilage corpuscles. See {Blood}.
Virchow showed that the corpuscles of bone are
homologous with those of connective tissue.
--Quain's
Anat.
{Red blood corpuscles} (Physiol.), in man, yellowish,
biconcave, circular discs varying from 1/3500 to 1/3200 of
an inch in diameter and about 1/12400 of an inch thick.
They are composed of a colorless stroma filled in with
semifluid h[ae]moglobin and other matters. In most mammals
the red corpuscles are circular, but in the camels, birds,
reptiles, and the lower vertebrates generally, they are
oval, and sometimes more or less spherical in form. In
Amphioxus, and most invertebrates, the blood corpuscles
are all white or colorless.
{White blood corpuscles} (Physiol.), rounded, slightly
flattened, nucleated cells, mainly protoplasmic in
composition, and possessed of contractile power. In man,
the average size is about 1/2500 of an inch, and they are
present in blood in much smaller numbers than the red
corpuscles.
Corpuscular \Cor*pus"cu*lar\ (k?r-p?s"k?-l?r), a. [Cf. F.
corpusculaire.]
Pertaining to, or composed of, corpuscles, or small
particles.
{Corpuscular philosophy}, that which attempts to account for
the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest,
position, etc., of the minute particles of matter.
{Corpuscular theory} (Opt.), the theory enunciated by Sir
Isaac Newton, that light consists in the emission and
rapid progression of minute particles or corpuscles. The
theory is now generally rejected, and supplanted by the
undulatory theory.
Corpuscularian \Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an\ (-l?"r?-a]/>n), a.
Corpuscular. [Obs.]
Corpuscularian \Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an\, n.
An adherent of the corpuscular philosophy. --Bentley.
Corpuscule \Cor*pus"cule\ (k?r-p?s"k?l), n.
A corpuscle. [Obs.]
Corpusculous \Cor*pus"cu*lous\ (-k?-l?s), a.
Corpuscular. --Tyndall.
Corrade \Cor*rade"\ (k?r-r?d"), v. t. [L. corradere, -rasum;
cor- + radere to rub.]
1. To gnaw into; to wear away; to fret; to consume. [Obs.]
--Dr. R. Clerke.
2. (Geol.) To erode, as the bed of a stream. See {Corrosion}.
Corradial \Cor*ra"di*al\ (k?r-r?"d?-a]/>l), a.
Radiating to or from the same point. [R.] --Coleridge.
Corradiate \Cor*ra"di*ate\ (k?r-r?"d?-?t), v. t.
To converge to one point or focus, as light or rays.
Corradiation \Cor*ra`di*a"tion\ (k?r-r?`d?-?"sh?n), n.
A conjunction or concentration of rays in one point. --Bacom
Corral \Cor*ral"\ (k?r-r?l"; Sp. k?r-r?l"), n. [Sp., a yard, a
yard for cattle, fr. corro a circle or ring, fr. L. currere
to run. Cf. {Kraal}.]
A pen for animals; esp., an inclosure made with wagons, by
emigrants in the vicinity of hostile Indians, as a place of
security for horses, cattle, etc.
Corral \Cor*ral"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Corraled} (-r?ld" or
-r?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Corralling}.]
To surround and inclose; to coop up; to put into an inclosed
space; -- primarily used with reference to securing horses
and cattle in an inclosure of wagons while traversing the
plains, but in the Southwestern United States now
colloquially applied to the capturing, securing, or penning
of anything. --Bartlett.
Corrasion \Cor*ra"sion\ (k?r-r?"zh?n), n. [See {Corrade}.]
(Geol.)
The erosion of the bed of a stream by running water,
principally by attrition of the detritus carried along by the
stream, but also by the solvent action of the water.
Corrasive \Cor*ra"sive\ (-s?v), a.
Corrosive. [Obs.]
Corrasive sores which eat into the flesh. --Holland.
Correct \Cor*rect"\ (k[^o]r*r[e^]kt"), a. [L. correctus, p. p.
of corrigere to make straight, to correct; cor- + regere to
lead straight: cf. F. correct. See {Regular}, {Right}, and
cf. {Escort}.]
Set right, or made straight; hence, conformable to truth,
rectitude, or propriety, or to a just standard; not faulty or
imperfect; free from error; as, correct behavior; correct
views.
Always use the most correct editions. --Felton.
Syn: Accurate; right, exact; precise; regular; faultless. See
{Accurate}.
Correct \Cor*rect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Corrected}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Correcting}.]
1. To make right; to bring to the standard of truth, justice,
or propriety; to rectify; as, to correct manners or
principles.
This is a defect in the first make of some men's
minds which can scarce ever be corrected afterwards.
--T. Burnet.
2. To remove or retrench the faults or errors of; to amend;
to set right; as, to correct the proof (that is, to mark
upon the margin the changes to be made, or to make in the
type the changes so marked).
3. To bring back, or attempt to bring back, to propriety in
morals; to reprove or punish for faults or deviations from
moral rectitude; to chastise; to discipline; as, a child
should be corrected for lying.
My accuser is my 'prentice; and when I did correct
him for his fault the other day, he did vow upon his
knees he would be even with me. --Shak.
4. To counteract the qualities of one thing by those of
another; -- said of whatever is wrong or injurious; as, to
correct the acidity of the stomach by alkaline
preparations.
Syn: To amend; rectify; emend; reform; improve; chastise;
punish; discipline; chasten. See {Amend}.
Correctible \Cor*rect"i*ble\ (-r?k"t?-b'l), Correctable
\Cor*rect"a*ble\ (-r?k"t?-b'l), a.
Capable of being corrected.
Correctify \Cor*rect"i*fy\ (k?r-r?k"t?-f?), v. t.
To correct. [Obs.]
When your worship's plassed to correctify a lady.
--Beau. & Fl.
Correction \Cor*rec"tion\ (k?r-r?k"sh?n), n. [L. correctio: cf.
F. correction.]
1. The act of correcting, or making that right which was
wrong; change for the better; amendment; rectification, as
of an erroneous statement.
The due correction of swearing, rioting, neglect of
God's word, and other scandalouss vices. --Strype.
2. The act of reproving or punishing, or that which is
intended to rectify or to cure faults; punishment;
discipline; chastisement.
Correction and instruction must both work Ere this
rude beast will profit. --Shak.
3. That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong;
an emendation; as, the corrections on a proof sheet should
be set in the margin.
4. Abatement of noxious qualities; the counteraction of what
is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects; as, the
correction of acidity in the stomach.
5. An allowance made for inaccuracy in an instrument; as,
chronometer correction; compass correction.
{Correction line} (Surv.), a parallel used as a new base line
in laying out township in the government lands of the
United States. The adoption at certain intervals of a
correction line is necessitated by the convergence of of
meridians, and the statute requirement that the townships
must be squares.
{House of correction}, a house where disorderly persons are
confined; a bridewell.
{Under correction}, subject to correction; admitting the
possibility of error.
Correctional \Cor*rec"tion*al\ (k?r-r?k"sh?n-a]/>l), a. [Cf. F.
correctionnel.]
Tending to, or intended for, correction; used for correction;
as, a correctional institution.
Correctioner \Cor*rec"tion*er\ (-?r), n.
One who is, or who has been, in the house of correction.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Corrective \Cor*rect"ive\ (k?rr-r?k"t?v), a. [Cf. F. correctif.]
1. Having the power to correct; tending to rectify; as,
corrective penalties.
Mulberries are pectoral, corrective of billious
alkali. --Arbuthnot.
2. Qualifying; limiting. ``The Psalmist interposeth . . .
this corrective particle.'' --Holdsworth.
Corrective \Cor*rect"ive\, n.
1. That which has the power of correcting, altering, or
counteracting what is wrong or injurious; as, alkalies are
correctives of acids; penalties are correctives of immoral
conduct. --Burke.
2. Limitation; restriction. [Obs.] --Sir M. Hale.
Correctly \Cor*rect"ly\ (k?r-r?kt"l?), adv.
In a correct manner; exactly; acurately; without fault or
error.
Correctness \Cor*rect"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being correct; as, the correctness of
opinions or of manners; correctness of taste; correctness in
writing or speaking; the correctness of a text or copy.
Syn: Accuracy; exactness; precision; propriety.
Corrector \Cor*rect"or\ (k?r-r?kt"?r), n. [L.]
One who, or that which, corrects; as, a corrector of abuses;
a corrector of the press; an alkali is a corrector of acids.
Correctory \Cor*rect"o*ry\ (-?-r?), a.
Containing or making correction; corrective.
Correctress \Cor*rect"ress\ (-r?s), n.
A woman who corrects.
Corregidor \Cor*reg"i*dor\ (k?r-r?j"?-d?r; Sp. k?r-r?`h?-d?r"),
n. [Sp., orig., a corrector.]
The chief magistrate of a Spanish town.
Correi \Cor"rei\ (k?r"r?), n. [Scot., perh. fr. Celt. cor a
corner.]
A hollow in the side of a hill, where game usually lies.
``Fleet foot on the correi.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Correlatable \Cor`re*lat"a*ble\ (k3r`r?-l?t"?-b'l), a.
Such as can be correlated; as, correlatable phenomena.
Correlate \Cor`re*late"\ (k[o^]r`r[-e]*l[=a]t" or
k[o^]r"r[-e]*l[=a]t`), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Correlated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Correlating}.] [Pref. cor- + relate.]
To have reciprocal or mutual relations; to be mutually
related.
Doctrine and worship correlate as theory and practice.
--Tylor.
Correlate \Cor`re*late"\, v. t.
To put in relation with each other; to connect together by
the disclosure of a mutual relation; as, to correlate natural
phenomena. --Darwin.
Correlate \Cor"re*late\ (k?r"r?-l?t), n.
One who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation to
something else, as father to son; a correlative. --South.
Correlation \Cor`re*la"tion\ (-l?"sh?n), n. [LL. correlatio; L.
cor- + relatio: cf. F. corr['e]lation. Cf. {Correlation}.]
Reciprocal relation; corresponding similarity or parallelism
of relation or law; capacity of being converted into, or of
giving place to, one another, under certain conditions; as,
the correlation of forces, or of zymotic diseases.
{Correlation of energy}, the relation to one another of
different forms of energy; -- usually having some
reference to the principle of conservation of energy. See
{Conservation of energy}, under {Conservation}.
{Correlation of forces}, the relation between the forces
which matter, endowed with various forms of energy, may
exert.
Correlative \Cor*rel"a*tive\ (k?r-r?l"?-t?v), a. [Cf. F.
corr['e]latif.]
Having or indicating a reciprocal relation.
Father and son, prince and subject, stranger and
citizen, are correlative terms. --Hume.
Correlative \Cor*rel"a*tive\, n.
1. One who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation,
or is correlated, to some other person or thing. --Locke.
Spiritual things and spiritual men are correlatives.
--Spelman.
2. (Gram.) The antecedent of a pronoun.
Correlatively \Cor*rel"a*tive*ly\, adv.
In a correlative relation.
Correlativeness \Cor*rel"a*tive*ness\, n.
Quality of being correlative.
Correligionist \Cor`re*li"gion*ist\ (k?r`r?-l?j"?n-?st), n.
A co-religion?ist.
Correption \Cor*rep"tion\ (k?r-r?p"sh?n), n. [L. correptio, fr.
corripere to seize.]
Chiding; reproof; reproach. [Obs.]
Angry, passionate correption being rather apt to
provoke, than to amend. --Hammond.
Correspond \Cor`re*spond"\ (k?r`r?-sp?nd"), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Corresponded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Corresponding}.] [Pref. cor-
+ respond: cf. f. correspondre.]
1. To be like something else in the dimensions and
arrangement of its parts; -- followed by with or to; as,
concurring figures correspond with each other throughout.
None of them [the forms of Sidney's sonnets]
correspond to the Shakespearean type. --J. A.
Symonds.
2. To be adapted; to be congruous; to suit; to agree; to fit;
to answer; -- followed by to.
Words being but empty sounds, any farther than they
are signs of our ideas, we can not but assent to
them as they correspond to those ideas we have, but
no farther. --Locke.
3. To have intercourse or communion; especially, to hold
intercourse or to communicate by sending and receiving
letters; -- followed by with.
After having been long in indirect communication
with the exiled family, he [Atterbury] began to
correspond directly with the Pretender. --Macaulay.
Syn: To agree; fit; answer; suit; write; address.
Correspondence \Cor`re*spond"ence\ (-sp?nd"ens), n. [Cf. F.
correspondance.]
1. Friendly intercourse; reciprocal exchange of civilities;
especially, intercourse between persons by means of
letters.
Holding also good correspondence with the other
great men in the state. --Bacon.
To facilitate correspondence between one part of
London and another, was not originally one of the
objects of the post office. --Macaulay.
2. The letters which pass between correspondents.
3. Mutual adaptation, relation, or agreement, of one thing to
another; agreement; congruity; fitness; relation.
Correspondency \Cor`re*spond"en*cy\ (k$r`r?--sp?nd"en-s?), n.;
pl. {Correspondencies} (-s?z).
Same as {Correspondence}, 3.
The correspondencies of types and antitypes . . . may
be very reasonable confirmations. --S. Clarke.
Correspondent \Cor`re*spond"ent\ (-ent), a. [Cf. F.
correspondant.]
Suitable; adapted; fit; corresponding; congruous;
conformable; in accord or agreement; obedient; willing.
Action correspondent or repugnant unto the law.
--Hooker.
As fast the correspondent passions rise. --Thomson.
I will be correspondent to command. --Shak.
Correspondent \Cor`re*spond"ent\, n.
1. One with whom intercourse is carried on by letter.
--Macaulay.
2. One who communicates information, etc., by letter or
telegram to a newspaper or periodical.
3. (Com.) One who carries on commercial intercourse by letter
or telegram with a person or firm at a distance.
Correspondently \Cor`re*spond"ent*ly\, adv.
In a a corresponding manner; conformably; suitably.
Corresponding \Cor`re*spond"ing\, a.
1. Answering; conformable; agreeing; suiting; as,
corresponding numbers.
2. Carrying on intercourse by letters.
{Corresponding member of a society}, one residing at a
distance, who has been invited to correspond with the
society, and aid in carrying out its designs without
taking part in its management.
Correspondingly \Cor`re*spond"ing*ly\, adv.
In a corresponding manner; conformably.
Corresponsive \Cor`re*spon"sive\ (-r?-sp?n"s?v), a.
Corresponding; conformable; adapted. --Shak. --
{Cor`re*spon"sive*ly}, adv.
Corridor \Cor"ri*dor\ (k?r"r?-d?r or -d?r), n. [F., fr. Itt.
corridpore, or Sp. corredor; prop., a runner, hence, a
running or long line, a gallery, fr. L. currere to run. See
{Course}.]
1. (Arch.) A gallery or passageway leading to several
apartments of a house.
2. (Fort.) The covered way lying round the whole compass of
the fortifications of a place. [R.]
Corrie \Cor"rie\ (k?r"r?), n.
Same as {Correi}. [Scot.] --Geikie.
Corrigendum \Cor`ri*gen"dum\ (k?r`r?-j?n"d?m), n.; pl.
{Corrigenda} (-d?). [L.]
A fault or error to be corrected.
Corrigent \Cor"ri*gent\ (k?r"r?--jent), n. [L. corrigens, p. pr.
of corrigere to correct.] (Med.)
A substance added to a medicine to mollify or modify its
action. --Dunglison.
Corrigibility \Cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty\ (-j?-b?l"?-t?), n.
Quality of being corrigible; capability of being corrected;
corrigibleness.
Corrigible \Cor"ri*gi*ble\ (k?r"r?-j?-b'l), a. [LL. corribilis,
fr. L. corrigere to correct: cf. F. corrigible. See
{Correrct}.]
1. Capable of being set right, amended, or reformed; as, a
corrigible fault.
2. Submissive to correction; docile. ``Bending down his
corrigible neck.'' --Shak.
3. Deserving chastisement; punishable. [Obs.]
He was taken up very short, and adjudged corrigible
for such presumptuous language. --Howell.
4. Having power to correct; corrective. [Obs.]
The . . . .corrigible authority of this lies in our
wills. --Shak.
Corrigibleness \Cor"ri*gi*ble*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being corrigible; corrigibility.
Corrival \Cor*ri"val\ (k?r-r?"val), n.
A fellow rival; a competitor; a rival; also, a companion.
[R.] --Shak.
Corrival \Cor*ri"val\, a.
Having rivaling claims; emulous; in rivalry. [R.] --Bp.
Fleetwood.
Corrival \Cor*ri"val\, v. i. & t.
To compete with; to rival. [R.]
Corrivalry \Cor*ri"val*ry\ (k?r-r?"val-r?), n.
Corivalry. [R.]
Corrivalship \Cor*ri"val*ship\, n.
Corivalry. [R.]
By the corrivalship of Shager his false friend. --Sir
T. Herbert.
Corrivate \Cor"ri*vate\ (k?r"r?-v?t), v. t. [L. corrivatus, p.
p. of corrivare to corrivate.]
To cause to flow together, as water drawn from several
streams. [Obs.] --Burton.
Corrivation \Cor`ri*va"tion\ (-v?"sh?n), n. [L. corrivatio.]
The flowing of different streams into one. [Obs.] --Burton.
Corroborant \Cor*rob"o*rant\ (k?r-r?b"?-rant), a. [L.
corroborans, p. pr. See {Corroborate}.]
Strengthening; supporting; corroborating. --Bacon. -- n.
Anything which gives strength or support; a tonic.
The brain, with its proper corroborants, especially
with sweet odors and with music. --Southey.
Corroborate \Cor*rob"o*rate\ (k?r-r?b"?-r?t), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. {Corroborated} (-r?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Corroborating}
(-r?`t?ng). ] [L. corroboratus, p. p. of corroborare to
corroborate; cor- + roborare to strengthen, robur strength.
See {Robust}.]
1. To make strong, or to give additional strength to; to
strengthen. [Obs.]
As any limb well and duly exercised, grows stronger,
the nerves of the body are corroborated thereby.
--I. Watts.
2. To make more certain; to confirm; to establish.
The concurrence of all corroborates the same truth.
--I. Taylor.
Corroborate \Cor*rob"o*rate\ (-r?t), a.
Corroborated. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Corroboration \Cor*rob`o*ra"tion\ (k?r-r?b`?-r?"sh?n), n. [Cf.
F. corroboration.]
1. The act of corroborating, strengthening, or confirming;
addition of strength; confirmation; as, the corroboration
of an argument, or of information.
2. That which corroborates.
Corroborative \Cor*rob"o*ra*tive\ (k?r-r?b"?-r?-t?v), a. [Cf. F.
corroboratif.]
Tending to strengthen of confirm.
Corroborative \Cor*rob"o*ra*tive\, n.
A medicine that strengthens; a corroborant. --Wiseman.
Corroboratory \Cor*rob"o*ra*to*ry\ (-t?-r?), a.
Tending to strengthen; corroborative; as, corroboratory
facts.
Corrode \Cor*rode"\ (k?r-r?d") v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Corroded};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Corroding}.] [L. corrodere, -rosum; cor +
rodere to gnaw: cf. F. corroder. See {Rodent}.]
1. To eat away by degrees; to wear away or diminish by
gradually separating or destroying small particles of, as
by action of a strong acid or a caustic alkali.
Aqua fortis corroding copper . . . is wont to reduce
it to a green-blue solution. --Boyle.
2. To consume; to wear away; to prey upon; to impair.
Corrode \Cor*rode"\, v. i.
To have corrosive action; to be subject to corrosion.
{Corroding lead}, lead sufficiently pure to be used in making
white lead by a process of corroding.
Syn: To canker; gnaw; rust; waste; wear away.
Corrodent \Cor*rod"ent\ (k?r-r?"dent), a. [L. corrodens, p. pr.
of corrodere.]
Corrosive. [R.] --Bp. King.
Corrodent \Cor*rod"ent\, n.
Anything that corrodes. --Bp. King.
Corrodiate \Cor*ro"di*ate\ (k?r-r?"d?-?t), v. t. [See
{Corrode}.]
To eat away by degrees; to corrode. [Obs.] --Sandys.
Corrodibility \Cor*ro`di*bil"i*ty\ (k?r-r?`d?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality of being corrodible. [R.] --Johnson.
Corrodible \Cor*rod"i*ble\ (k?r-r?"d?-b'l), a.
Capable of being corroded; corrosible. --Sir T. Browne.
Corrosibility \Cor*ro`si*bil"i*ty\ (k?r-r?`s?-b?l"?-t?), n.
Corrodibility. ``Corrosibility . . . answers corrosiveness.''
--Boyle.
Corrosible \Cor*ro"si*ble\ (k?r-r?"s?-b'l), a.
Corrodible. --Bailey.
Corrosibleness \Cor*ro"si*ble*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being corrosible. --Bailey.
Corrosion \Cor*ro"sion\ (k?r-r?"zh?n), n. [LL. corrosio: cf. F.
corrosion. See {Corrode}.]
The action or effect of corrosive agents, or the process of
corrosive change; as, the rusting of iron is a variety of
corrosion.
Corrosion is a particular species of dissolution of
bodies, either by an acid or a saline menstruum. --John
Quincy.
Corrosive \Cor*ro"sive\ (k?r-r?"s?v), a. [Cf. F. corrosif.]
1. Eating away; having the power of gradually wearing,
changing, or destroying the texture or substance of a
body; as, the corrosive action of an acid. ``Corrosive
liquors.'' --Grew. ``Corrosive famine.'' --Thomson.
2. Having the quality of fretting or vexing.
Care is no cure, but corrosive. --Shak.
{Corrosive sublimate} (Chem.), mercuric chloride, {HgCl2}; so
called because obtained by sublimation, and because of its
harsh irritating action on the body tissue. Usually it is
in the form of a heavy, transparent, crystalline
substance, easily soluble, and of an acrid, burning taste.
It is a virulent poison, a powerful antiseptic, and an
excellent antisyphilitic; called also {mercuric
bichloride}. It is to be carefully distinguished from
calomel, the mild chloride of mercury.
Corrosive \Cor*ro"sive\, n.
1. That which has the quality of eating or wearing away
gradually.
[Corrosives] act either directly, by chemically
destroying the part, or indirectly by causing
inflammation and gangrene. --Dunglison.
2. That which has the power of fretting or irritating.
Such speeches . . . are grievous corrosives.
--Hooker.
-- {Cor*ro"sive*ly}, adv. -- {Cor*ro"sive*ness}, n.
Corroval \Cor*ro"val\ (kr-r?"val), n.
A dark brown substance of vegetable origin, allied to curare,
and used by the natives of New Granada as an arrow poison.
Corrovaline \Cor*ro"va*line\ (-v?-l?n or -l?n), n. (Chem.)
A poisonous alkaloid extracted from corroval, and
characterized by its immediate action in paralyzing the
heart.
Corrugant \Cor"ru*gant\ (k?r"r?-gant), a. [L. corrugans, p. pr.
See {Corrugate}.]
Having the power of contracting into wrinkles. --Johnson.
Corrugate \Cor"ru*gate\ (k?r"r?-g?t), a. [L. corrugatus, p. p.
of corrugare; cor-+ rugare to wrinkle, ruga wrinkle; of
uncertain origin.]
Wrinkled; crumpled; furrowed; contracted into ridges and
furrows.
Corrugate \Cor"ru*gate\ (-g?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Corrugated}
(-g?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Corrugating} (-g?`t?ng).]
To form or shape into wrinkles or folds, or alternate ridges
and grooves, as by drawing, contraction, pressure, bending,
or otherwise; to wrinkle; to purse up; as, to corrugate
plates of iron; to corrugate the forehead.
{Corrugated iron}, sheet iron bent into a series of alternate
ridges and grooves in parallel lines, giving it greater
stiffness.
{Corrugated paper}, a thick, coarse paper corrugated in order
to give it elasticity. It is used as a wrapping material
for fragile articles, as bottles.
Corrugation \Cor`ru*ga"tion\ (k?r`r?-g?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
corrugation.]
The act corrugating; contraction into wrinkles or alternate
ridges and grooves.
Corrugator \Cor"ru*ga`tor\ (k?r"r?-g?`t?r), n. [NL.; cf. F.
corrugateur.] (Anat.)
A muscle which contracts the skin of the forehead into
wrinkles.
Corrugent \Cor*ru"gent\ (k?r-r?"jent), a. (Anat.)
Drawing together; contracting; -- said of the corrugator.
[Obs.]
Corrump \Cor*rump"\ (k?r-r?mp"), v. t. [L. corrumpere.]
To corrupt. See {Corrupt}. [Obs.] --Chauser.
Corrumpable \Cor*rump"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Corruptible. [Obs.]
Corrupt \Cor*rupt`\ (k?r-r?pt"), a. [L. corruptus, p. p. of
corrumpere to corrupt; cor- + rumpere to break. See
{Rupture}.]
1. Changed from a sound to a putrid state; spoiled; tainted;
vitiated; unsound.
Who with such corrupt and pestilent bread would feed
them. --Knolles.
2. Changed from a state of uprightness, correctness, truth,
etc., to a worse state; vitiated; depraved; debased;
perverted; as, corrupt language; corrupt judges.
At what ease Might corrupt minds procure knaves as
corrupt To swear against you. --Shak.
3. Abounding in errors; not genuine or correct; as, the text
of the manuscript is corrupt.
Corrupt \Cor*rupt"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Corrupted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Corrupting}.]
1. To change from a sound to a putrid or putrescent state; to
make putrid; to putrefy.
2. To change from good to bad; to vitiate; to deprave; to
pervert; to debase; to defile.
Evil communications corrupt good manners. --1. Cor.
xv. 33.
3. To draw aside from the path of rectitude and duty; as, to
corrupt a judge by a bribe.
Heaven is above all yet; there sits a Judge That no
king can corrupt. --Shak.
4. To debase or render impure by alterations or innovations;
to falsify; as, to corrupt language; to corrupt the sacred
text.
He that makes an ill use of it [language], though he
does not corrupt the fountains of knowledge, . . .
yet he stops the pines. --Locke.
5. To waste, spoil, or consume; to make worthless.
Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth,
where moth and rust doth corrupt. --Matt. vi.
19.
Corrupt \Cor*rupt"\ (k?r-r?pt"), v. i.
1. To become putrid or tainted; to putrefy; to rot. --Bacon.
2. To become vitiated; to lose putity or goodness.
Corrupter \Cor*rupt"er\ (k?r-r?p"t?r), n.
One who corrupts; one who vitiates or taints; as, a corrupter
of morals.
Corruptful \Cor*rupt"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Tending to corrupt; full of corruption. [Obs.] ``Corruptful
bribes.'' --Spenser.
Corruptibility \Cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty\ (k?r-r?p`t?-b?l"?-t?), n.
[L. corruptibilitas: cf. F. corruptibilit['e].]
The quality of being corruptible; the possibility or
liability of being corrupted; corruptibleness. --Burke.
Corruptible \Cor*rupt"i*ble\ (k?r-r?p"t?-b'l), a. [L.
corruptibilis: cf. F. corruptible.]
1. Capable of being made corrupt; subject to decay. ``Our
corruptible bodies.'' --Hooker.
Ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as
silver and gold. --1 Pet. i.
18.
2. Capable of being corrupted, or morally vitiated;
susceptible of depravation.
They systematically corrupt very corruptible race.
--Burke.
-- {Cor*rupt"i*ble*ness}, n. -- {Cor*rupt"i*bly}, adv.
Corruptible \Cor*rupt"i*ble\, n.
That which may decay and perish; the human body. [Archaic]
--1 Cor. xv. 53.
Corruptingly \Cor*rupt"ing*ly\, adv.
In a manner that corrupts.
Corruption \Cor*rup"tion\ (k?r-r?p"sh?n), n. [F. corruption, L.
corruptio.]
1. The act of corrupting or making putrid, or state of being
corrupt or putrid; decomposition or disorganization, in
the process of putrefaction; putrefaction; deterioration.
The inducing and accelerating of putrefaction is a
subject of very universal inquiry; for corruption is
a reciprocal to ``generation''. --Bacon.
2. The product of corruption; putrid matter.
3. The act of corrupting or of impairing integrity, virtue,
or moral principle; the state of being corrupted or
debased; loss of purity or integrity; depravity;
wickedness; impurity; bribery.
It was necessary, by exposing the gross corruptions
of monasteries, . . . to exite popular indignation
against them. --Hallam.
They abstained from some of the worst methods of
corruption usual to their party in its earlier days.
--Bancroft.
Note: Corruption, when applied to officers, trustees, etc.,
signifies the inducing a violation of duty by means of
pecuniary considerations. --Abbott.
4. The act of changing, or of being changed, for the worse;
departure from what is pure, simple, or correct; as, a
corruption of style; corruption in language.
{Corruption of blood} (Law), taint or impurity of blood, in
consequence of an act of attainder of treason or felony,
by which a person is disabled from inheriting any estate
or from transmitting it to others.
Corruption of blood can be removed only by act of
Parliament. --Blackstone.
Syn: Putrescence; putrefaction; defilement; contamination;
deprivation; debasement; adulteration; depravity; taint.
See {Depravity}.
Corruptionist \Cor*rup"tion*ist\, n.
One who corrupts, or who upholds corruption. --Sydney Smith.
Corruptive \Cor*rupt"ive\ (k?r-r?p"t?v), a. [L. corruptivus: cf.
F. corruptif.]
Having the quality of taining or vitiating; tending to
produce corruption.
It should be endued with some corruptive quality for so
speedy a dissolution of the meat. --Ray.
Corruptless \Cor*rupt"less\ (k?r-r?pt"l?s), a.
Not susceptible of corruption or decay; incorruptible.
--Dryden.
Corruptly \Cor*rupt"ly\, adv.
In a corrupt manner; by means of corruption or corrupting
influences; wrongfully.
Corruptness \Cor*rupt"ness\, n.
The quality of being corrupt.
Corruptress \Cor*rupt"ress\ (-r?s), n.
A woman who corrupts.
Thou studied old corruptress. --Beau. & Fl.
Corsac \Cor"sac\ (k?r"s?k), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The corsak.
Corsage \Cor"sage\ (k[^o]r"s[asl]j), n. [F. See {Corset}.]
The waist or bodice of a lady's dress; as, a low corsage.
Corsair \Cor"sair\ (k?r"s?r), n. [F. corsaire (cf. It. corsare,
corsale, Pr. corsari), LL. corsarius, fr. L. cursus a
running, course, whence Sp. corso cruise, corsa cruise,
coasting voyage, corsear to cruise against the enemy, to
pirate, corsario cruising, a privateer authorized to cruise
against the enemy. See {Course}.]
1. A pirate; one who cruises about without authorization from
any government, to seize booty on sea or land.
2. A piratical vessel.
Barbary corsairs . . . infested the coast of the
Mediterranean. --Prescott.
Corsak \Cor"sak\ (k?r"s?k), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small foxlike mammal ({Cynalopex corsac}), found in Central
Asia. [Written also {corsac}.]
Corse \Corse\ (k?rs or k?rs; 277), n. [OF. cors, F. corps. See
{Corpse}.]
1. A living body or its bulk. [Obs.]
For he was strong, and of so mighty corse As ever
wielded spear in warlike hand. --Spenser.
2. A corpse; the dead body of a human being. [Archaic or
Poetic]
Set down the corse; or, by Saint Paul, I'll make a
corse of him that disobeys. --Shak.
Corselet \Corse"let\ (k?rs"l?t), n. [F., dim. of OF. cors. F.
corps, body. See {Corse}.]
1. Armor for the body, as, the body breastplate and backpiece
taken together; -- also, used for the entire suit of the
day, including breastplate and backpiece, tasset and
headpiece.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The thorax of an insect.
Corsepresent \Corse"pres`ent\ (k?rs"pr?z`ent or k?rs"-), n.
(Engl.Law)
An offering made to the church at the interment of a dead
body. --Blackstone.
Corset \Cor"set\ (k?r"s?t), n. [F., dim. of OF. cors, F. corps,
body. See {Corse}.]
1. In the Middle Ages, a gown or basque of which the body was
close fitting, worn by both men and women.
2. An article of dress inclosing the chest and waist worn
(chiefly by women) to support the body or to modify its
shape; stays.
Corset \Cor"set\ (k?r"s?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Corseted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Corseting}.]
To inclose in corsets.
Corslet \Cors"let\ (k?rs"l?t), n.
A corselet. [Obs.] --Hakluyt.
Corsned \Cors"ned\ (k?rs"n?d), n. [AS. corsn?d.] (AS. Laws)
The morsel of execration; a species of ordeal consisting in
the eating of a piece of bread consecrated by imprecation. If
the suspected person ate it freely, he was pronounced
innocent; but if it stuck in his throat, it was considered as
a proof of his guilt. --Burril.
Cort'ege \Cor`t['e]ge"\ (k?r`t?zh"), n. [F., fr. It. corteggio
train, fr. corte court. See {Court}.]
A train of attendants; a procession.
Cortes \Cor"tes\ (k?r"t?s), n. pl. [Sp. & Pg., fr. corte court.]
The legislative assembly, composed of nobility, clergy, and
representatives of cities, which in Spain and in Portugal
answers, in some measure, to the Parliament of Great Britain.
Cortex \Cor"tex\ (k?r"t?ks), n.; pl. {Cortices} (-t?-s?z). [L.,
bark. Cf. {Cork}.]
1. Bark, as of a tree; hence, an outer covering.
2. (Med.) Bark; rind; specifically, cinchona bark.
3. (Anat.) The outer or superficial part of an organ; as, the
cortex or gray exterior substance of the brain.
Cortical \Cor"ti*cal\ (k?r"t?-kal), a. [L. cortex bark: cf. F.
cortical.]
Belonging to, or consisting of, bark or rind; resembling bark
or rind; external; outer; superficial; as, the cortical
substance of the kidney.
Corticate \Cor"ti*cate\ (k?r"t?-k?t), Corticated \Cor"ti*ca`ted\
(-k?`t?d), a. [L. corticatus.]
Having a special outer covering of a nature unlike the
interior part.
Corticifer \Cor*tic"i*fer\ (k?r-t?s"?-f?r), n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the {Gorgoniacea}; -- so called because the fleshy
part surrounds a solid axis, like a bark.
Corticiferous \Cor`ti*cif"er*ous\ (k?r`t?-s?f"?r-?s), a. [L.
cortex, corticis, bark -- -ferous: cf. F. corticif?re.]
1. Producing bark or something that resembling that resembles
bark.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having a barklike c?nenchyms.
Corticiform \Cor*tic"i*form\ (k?r-t?s"?-f?rm), a. [L. cortex,
corticis, bark + -form: cf. F. corticiforme.]
Resembling, or having the form of, bark or rind.
Corticine \Cor"ti*cine\ (k?r"t?-s?n), n. [F., fr. L. cortex,
corticis, bark.]
A material for carpeting or floor covering, made of ground
cork and caoutchouc or India rubber.
Corticose \Cor"ti*cose`\ (-k?s`), a. [L. corticosus.]
Abounding in bark; resembling bark; barky.
Corticous \Cor"ti*cous\ (-k?s), a.
Relating to, or resembling, bark; corticose.
Cortile \Cor"tile\ (k?r"t?l; It. k?r-t?"l?), n. [It., fr. corte
court.]
An open internal courtyard inclosed by the walls of a large
dwelling house or other large and stately building.
Corundum \Co*run"dum\ (k?-r?n"d?m), n.; pl. {Corundums} (-d?mz).
[Also corindon.] [From Hind. kurand corundum stone.] (Min.)
The earth alumina, as found native in a crystalline state,
including sapphire, which is the fine blue variety; the
oriental ruby, or red sapphire; the oriental amethyst, or
purple sapphire; and adamantine spar, the hair-brown variety.
It is the hardest substance found native, next to the
diamond.
Note: The name corundum is sometimes restricted to the
non-transparent or coarser kinds. Emery is a
dark-colored granular variety, usually admixed with
magnetic iron ore.
Coruscant \Co*rus"cant\ (k?-r?s"kant), a. [L. coruscans, p. pr.
See {Coruscate}.]
Glittering in flashes; flashing. --Howell.
Coruscate \Cor"us*cate\ (k?r"?s-k?t or k?-r?s"k?r), v. i. [L.
coruscare to flash, vibrate.]
To glitter in flashes; to flash.
Syn: To glisten; gleam; sparkle; radiate.
Coruscation \Cor`us*ca"tion\ (k?r`?s-k?"sh?n), n. [L.
coruscatio: cf. F. coruscattion.]
1. A sudden flash or play of light.
A very vivid but exceeding short-lived splender, not
to call ?t a little coruscation. --Boyle.
2. A flash of intellectual brilliancy.
He might have illuminated his times with the
incessant cor??cations of his genius. --I. Taylor.
Syn: Flash; glitter; blaze; gleam; sparkle.
Corve \Corve\ (k?rv), n.
See {Corf}.
Corvee \Cor`vee"\ (k?r`v" or -v?"), n. [F. corv['e]e, fr. LL.
corvada, corrogata, fr. L. corrogare to entreat together;
cor- + rogare to ask.] (Feudal Law)
An obligation to perform certain services, as the repair of
roads, for the lord or sovereign.
Corven \Cor"ven\ (k?r"ven), obs.
p. p. of {Carve}. --Chaucer.
Corvet \Cor"vet\ (k?r"v?t), Corvette \Cor*vette"\ (k?r-v?r"), n.
[F. corvette, fr. Pg. corveta or Sp. corbeta, fr. L. corbita
a slow-sailing ship of burden, fr, corbis basket. Cf.
{Corbeil}.] (Naut.)
A war vessel, ranking next below a frigate, and having
usually only one tier of guns; -- called in the United States
navy a sloop of war.
Corvetto \Cor*vet"to\ (-v?t"t?), n. (Min.)
A curvet. --Peacham.
Corvine \Cor"vine\ (k?r"v?n), a. [L. corvinus, fr. corvus crow.]
Of or pertaining to the crow; crowlike.
Corvorant \Cor"vo*rant\ (k?r"v?-rant), n.
See {Cormorant}.
Corybant \Cor"y*bant\ (k?r"?-b?nt), n.; pl. E. {Corybants}
(-b?nts), oftener L. {Corybantes} (-b?n"t?z). [L. Corybas,
Gr. ????.]
One of the priests of Cybele in Phrygia. The rites of the
Corybants were accompanied by wild music, dancing, etc.
Corybantiasm \Cor`y*ban"ti*asm\ (-b?n"t?-?z'm), n. [Gr. ???? a
corybantic frenzy.] (Med.)
A kind of frenzy in which the patient is tormented by
fantastic visions and want of sleep. --Dunglison.
Corybantic \Cor`y*ban"tic\ (k?r`?-b?n"t?k), a. [Gr. ????, fr.
???? a Corybant.]
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Corybantes or their
rites; frantic; frenzied; as, a corybantic dance.
Corymb \Cor"ymb\ (k?r"?mb or -?m; 220), n. [L. corymbus cluster
of flowers, Gr. ????.] (Bot.)
(a) A flat-topped or convex cluster of flowers, each on its
own footstalk, and arising from different points of a
common axis, the outermost blossoms expanding first, as
in the hawthorn.
(b) Any flattish flower cluster, whatever be the order of
blooming, or a similar shaped cluster of fruit.
Corymbed \Cor"ymbed\ (k?r"?mbd), a. (Bot.)
Corymbose.
Corymbiferous \Cor`ym*bif"er*ous\ (k?r`?m-b?f"?r-?s), a. [L.
corymbifer; corymbus a cluster of flowers + ferre to bear?
cf. F. corimbif?re.] (Bot.)
Bearing corymbs of flowers or fruit.
Corymbose \Co*rym"bose\ (k?-r?m"b?s or k?r"?m-b?s`), a. (Bot.)
Consisting of corymbs, or resembling them in form. [Written
also {corymbous}.]
Corymbosely \Co*rym"bose*ly\, adv.
In corymbs.
Coryphaenoid \Cor`y*ph[ae]"noid\ (k[o^]r`[i^]*f[=e]"noid), a.
[NL. coryphaena + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to, or like, the genus {Coryph[ae]na}. See
{Dolphin}.
Coryph'ee \Co`ry`ph['e]e"\ (k[-o]`r[-e]`f[asl]"), n. [F.]
(Drama)
A ballet dancer.
Coryphene \Cor"y*phene`\ (k?r"?-f?n`), n. [NL. coryphena, fr.
Gr. koryfh` head, summit, peak: cf. F. coryph[`e]ne.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A fish of the genus {Coryph[ae]na}. See {Dolphin}. (2)
Corypheus \Cor`y*phe"us\ (k?r`?-f?"?s), n.; pl. E. {Corypheuses}
(-[e^]z), L. {Coryphei} (-f?"?). [L. coryphaeus, fr. Gr. ???,
fr. koryfh` head.] (Gr. Antiq.)
The conductor, chief, or leader of the dramatic chorus;
hence, the chief or leader of a party or interest.
That noted corypheus [Dr. John Owen] of the Independent
faction. --South.
Coryphodon \Co*ryph"o*don\ (k?-r?f"?-d?n), n. [Gr. koryfh` head,
peak + ????, ???, tooth.] (Palen.)
A genus of extinct mammals from the eocene tertiary of Europe
and America. Its species varied in size between the tapir and
rhinoceros, and were allied to those animals, but had short,
plantigrade, five-toed feet, like the elephant.
Coryphodont \Co*ryph"o*dont\ (-d?nt), a. (Paleon.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, the genus {Coryphodon}.
Coryza \Co*ry"za\ (k?-r?"z?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ???? catarh.]
(Med.)
Nasal catarrh.
Coscinomancy \Cos*cin"o*man`cy\ (k?s-s?n"?-m?n`s? or
k?s"s?-n?-), n. [Gr. ???? sieve + -mancy.]
Divination by means of a suspended sieve.
Coscoroba \Cos`co*ro"ba\ (k?s`k?-r?"b?), n. [Native name.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large, white, South American duck, of the genus
{Cascoroba}, resembling a swan.
Cosecant \Co*se"cant\ (k?-s?"k?nt), n. [For co. secans, an
abbrev. of L. complementi secans.] (Trig.)
The secant of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust.
of {Functions}.
Cosen \Cos"en\ (k?z"'n), v. t.
See {Cozen}.
Cosenage \Cos"en*age\ (k?z"'n-?j), n.
See {Cozenage}.
Cosening \Cos"en*ing\, n. (O. Eng. Law)
Anything done deceitfully, and which could not be properly
designated by any special name, whether belonging to
contracts or not. --Burrill.
Cosentient \Co*sen"tient\ (k?-s?n"shent), a.
Perceiving together.
Cosey \Co"sey\ (k?"z?), a.
See {Cozy}. -- Dickens.
Cosher \Cosh"er\ (k?sh"?r), v. t. [Ir. cosair a feast, a
banquet? or cf. F. coucher to lie. Cf. {Couch}, {Coshering}.]
1. (Old Law) To levy certain exactions or tribute upon; to
lodge and eat at the expense of. See {Coshering}.
2. To treat with hospitality; to pet. [Ireland]
Cosherer \Cosh"er*er\ (k?sh"?r-?r), n.
One who coshers.
Coshering \Cosh"er*ing\, n. (Old Law)
A feudal prerogative of the lord of the soil entitling him to
lodging and food at his tenant's house. --Burrill.
Sometimes he contrived, in deflance of the law, to live
by coshering, that is to say, by quartering himself on
the old tentants of his family, who, wretched as was
their own condition, could not refuse a portion of
their pittance to one whom they still regarded as their
rightful lord. --Macaulay.
Cosier \Co"sier\ (k?"zh?r), n. [Cf. OF. coussier maker of
mattresses; or couseor tailor, fr. OF. & F. coudre, p. p.
cousu to sew, fr. L. consuere to sew together; con- + seure
to sew. See {Sew} to stitch.]
A tailor who botches his work. [Obs.] --Shak.
Cosignificative \Co`sig*nif"i*ca*tive\ (k?`s?g-n?f"?-k?-t?v), a.
Having the same signification. --Cockerham.
Cosignitary \Co*sig"ni*ta*ry\ (k?-s?g"n?-t?-r?), a. [Pref. co- +
sign. Cf. {Signatory}.]
Signing some important public document with another or with
others; as, a treaty violated by one of the cosignitary
powers.
Cosignitary \Co*sig"ni*ta*ry\, n.; pl. {Cosignitaries} (-r?z).
One who signs a treaty or public document along with others
or another; as, the cosignitaries of the treaty of Berlin.
Cosily \Co"si*ly\ (k?"z?-l?), adv.
See {Cozily}.
Cosinage \Cos"in*age\ (k?s"'n-?j), n. [See {Cousinage}.] (Law)
(a) Collateral relationship or kindred by blood;
consanguinity. --Burrill.
(b) A writ to recover possession of an estate in lands, when
a stranger has entered, after the death of the
grandfather's grandfather, or other distant collateral
relation. --Blackstone.
Cosine \Co"sine\ (k?"s?n), n. [For co. sinus, an abbrev. of L.
complementi sinus.] (Trig.)
The sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust. of
{Functions}.
Cosmetic \Cos*met"ic\ (k?z-m?t"?k), Cosmetical \Cos*met"ic*al\
(-?-kal), a. [Gr. kosmitiko`s skilled in decorating, fr.
ko`smos order, ornament: cf. F. cosm['e]tique. See {Cosmos}.]
Imparting or improving beauty, particularly the beauty of the
complexion; as, a cosmetical preparation.
First, robed in white, the nymph intent adores, With
head uncovered, the cosmetic powers. --Pope.
Cosmetic \Cos*met"ic\, n.
Any external application intended to beautify and improve the
complexion.
Cosmic \Cos"mic\ (k?z"m?k), Cosmical \Cos"mic*al\ (-m?-kal), a.
[Gr. kosmiko`s of the world, fr. ko`smos: cf. F. cosmique.
See {Cosmos}.]
1. Pertaining to the universe, and having special reference
to universal law or order, or to the one grand harmonious
system of things; hence; harmonious; orderly.
2. Pertaining to the solar system as a whole, and not to the
earth alone.
3. Characteristic of the cosmos or universe; inconceivably
great; vast; as, cosmic speed. ``Cosmic ranges of time.''
--Tyndall.
4. (Astron.) Rising or setting with the sun; -- the opposite
of acronycal.
Cosmically \Cos"mic*al*ly\, adv.
1. With the sun at rising or setting; as, a star is said to
rise or set cosmically when it rises or sets with the sun.
2. Universally. [R.] --Emerson.
Cosmogonal \Cos*mog"o*nal\ (k?z-m?g"?-nal), Cosmogonic
\Cos`mo*gon"ic\ (k?z`m?-g?n"?k), Cosmogonical \Cos`mo*gon"ic*al\
(-g?n"?-kal), a.
Belonging to cosmogony. --B. Powell. Gladstone.
Cosmogonist \Cos*mog"o*nist\ (k?z-m?g"?-n?st), n.
One who treats of the origin of the universe; one versed in
cosmogony.
Cosmogony \Cos*mog"o*ny\ (-n?), n.; pl. {Cosmogonies} (-n?z).
[Gr. kosmogoni`a; ko`smos the world + root of gi`gnesthai to
be born: cf. F. cosmogonie.]
The creation of the world or universe; a theory or account of
such creation; as, the poetical cosmogony of Hesoid; the
cosmogonies of Thales, Anaxagoras, and Plato.
The cosmogony or creation of the world has puzzled
philosophers of all ages. --Goldsmith.
Cosmographer \Cos*mog"ra*pher\ (-r?-f?r), n.
One who describes the world or universe, including the
heavens and the earth.
The name of this island is nowhere found among the old and
ancient cosmographers. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
Cosmographic \Cos`mo*graph"ic\ (k?z`m?-gr?f"?k), Cosmographical
\Cos`mo*graph"ic*al\ (-?-kal), a. [Cf. F. cosmographique.]
Of or pertaining to cosmography.
Cosmographically \Cos`mo*graph"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a cosmographic manner; in accordance with cosmography.
Cosmography \Cos*mog"ra*phy\ (k?z-m?g"r?-f?), n.; pl.
{Cosmographies} (-f?z). [Gr. ???; ??? the world + ??? to
write: cf. F. cosmographie.]
A description of the world or of the universe; or the science
which teaches the constitution of the whole system of worlds,
or the figure, disposition, and relation of all its parts.
Cosmolabe \Cos"mo*labe\ (k?z"m?-l?b), n. [Gr. ??? the world +
???? to take: cf. F. cosmolade.]
An instrument resembling the astrolabe, formerly used for
measuring the angles between heavenly bodies; -- called also
{pantacosm}.
Cosmolatry \Cos*mol"a*try\ (k?z-m?l"?-tr?), n. [Gr. ??? the
world + ??? to worship.]
Worship paid to the world. --Cudworth.
Cosmoline \Cos"mo*line\ (k?z"m?-l?n), n. [Prob. fr. cosmetic +
L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
A substance obtained from the residues of the distillation of
petroleum, essentially the same as vaseline, but of somewhat
stiffer consistency, and consisting of a mixture of the
higher paraffines; a kind of petroleum jelly.
Cosmological \Cos`mo*log"ic*al\ (k?z`m?-l?j"?-kal), a.
Of or pertaining to cosmology.
Cosmologist \Cos*mol"o*gist\ (k?z-m?l"?-j?st), n.
One who describes the universe; one skilled in cosmology.
Cosmology \Cos*mol"o*gy\ (k[o^]z*m[o^]l"[-o]*j[y^]), n. [Gr.
ko`smos the world + -logy: cf. F. cosmologie.]
The science of the world or universe; or a treatise relating
to the structure and parts of the system of creation, the
elements of bodies, the modifications of material things, the
laws of motion, and the order and course of nature.
Cosmometry \Cos*mom"e*try\ (k?z-m?m"?-tr?), n. [Gr. ko`smos the
world + -metry.]
The art of measuring the world or the universe. --Blount.
Cosmoplastic \Cos`mo*plas"tic\ (k?z`m?-pl?s"t?k), a. [Gr.
ko`smos the world + pla`ssein to form.]
Pertaining to a plastic force as operative in the formation
of the world independently of God; world-forming.
``Cosmoplastic and hylozoic atheisms.'' --Gudworth.
Cosmopolitan \Cos`mo*pol"i*tan\ (-p?l"?-tan), Cosmopolite
\Cos*mop"o*lite\ (k?z-m?p"?-l?t), n. [Gr. ???; ko`smos the world
+ ??? citizen, ??? city: cf. F. cosmopolitain, cosmopolite.]
One who has no fixed residence, or who is at home in every
place; a citizen of the world.
Cosmopolitan \Cos`mo*pol"i*tan\, Cosmopolite \Cos*mop"o*lite\,
a.
1. Having no fixed residence; at home in any place; free from
local attachments or prejudices; not provincial; liberal.
In other countries taste is perphaps too exclusively
national, in Germany it is certainly too
cosmopolite. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. Common everywhere; widely spread; found in all parts of
the world.
The Cheiroptera are cosmopolitan. --R. Owen.
Cosmopolitanism \Cos`mo*pol"i*tan*ism\ (k?z`m?-p?l"?-tan-?z'm),
n.
The quality of being cosmopolitan; cosmopolitism.
Cosmopolite \Cos*mop"o*lite\ (-m?p"?-l?t), a. & n.
See {Cosmopolitan}.
Cosmopolitical \Cos`mo*po*lit"ic*al\ (k?z`m?-p?-l?t"?-kal), a.
Having the character of a cosmopolite. [R.] --Hackluyt.
Cosmopolitism \Cos*mop"o*li*tism\ (k?z-m?p"?-l?-t?z'm), n.
The condition or character of a cosmopolite; disregard of
national or local peculiarities and prejudices.
Cosmorama \Cos`mo*ra"ma\ (k?z`m?-r?"m? or -r?"m?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. ko`smos the world + ??? a sight, spectacle, fr. ??? to
see.]
An exhibition in which a series of views in various parts of
the world is seen reflected by mirrors through a series of
lenses, with such illumination, etc., as will make the views
most closely represent reality.
Cosmoramic \Cos`mo*ram"ic\ (k[o^]z`m[-o]*r[a^]m"[i^]k), a.
Of or pertaining to a cosmorama.
Cosmos \Cos"mos\ (k[o^]z"m[o^]s), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ko`smos
order, harmony, the world (from its perfect order and
arrangement); akin to Skr. [,c]ad to distinguish one's self.]
1. The universe or universality of created things; -- so
called from the order and harmony displayed in it.
2. The theory or description of the universe, as a system
displaying order and harmony. --Humboldt.
Cosmosphere \Cos"mo*sphere\ (k[o^]z"m?-sf?r), n. [Gr. ko`smos
the world + E. sphere.]
An apparatus for showing the position of the earth, at any
given time, with respect to the fixed stars. It consist of a
hollow glass globe, on which are depicted the stars and
constellations, and within which is a terrestrial globe.
Cosmotheism \Cos"mo*the`ism\ (k?z"m?-th?`?z'm), n. [Gr. ko`smos
the world + ??? god.]
Same as {Pantheism}. [R.]
Cosmothetic \Cos`mo*thet"ic\ (k?z`m?-th?t"?k), a. [Gr. ko`smos
universe + ??? to place or arrange.] (Metaph.)
Assuming or positing the actual existence or reality of the
physical or external world.
{Cosmothetic idealists} (Metaph.), those who assume, without
attempting to prove, the reality of external objects as
corresponding to, and being the ground of, the ideas of
which only the mind has direct cognizance.
The cosmothetic idealists . . . deny that mind is
immediately conscious of matter. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Cosovereign \Co*sov"er*eign\ (k?-s?v"?r-?n or k?-s?v"-), n.
A joint sovereign.
Coss \Coss\ (k[o^]s), n. [Cf. Pers. k[=o]s a road measure of
about two miles; or Skr. kr[=o][,c]a.]
A Hindoo measure of distance, varying from one and a half to
two English miles. --Whitworth.
Coss \Coss\, n. [It. cosa.]
A thing (only in phrase below).
{Rule of Coss}, an old name for Algebra. [It. regola di cosa
rule of thing, the unknown quantity being called the cosa,
or the thing.]
Cossack \Cos"sack\ (k?s"s?k), n. [Russ. kozak', kazak': cf.
Turk. kaz[=a]k.]
One of a warlike, pastoral people, skillful as horsemen,
inhabiting different parts of the Russian empire and
furnishing valuable contingents of irregular cavalry to its
armies, those of Little Russia and those of the Don forming
the principal divisions.
Cossas \Cos"sas\ (k?s"s?s), n. [F.]
Plain India muslin, of various qualities and widths.
Cosset \Cos"set\ (k?s"s?t), n. [Cf. AS. cotsetla cottager, G.
kossat, kothsasse, fr. kot, koth E. (cot) hut, and cf. also
E. cade, a., cot a cade lamb.]
A lamb reared without the aid of the dam. Hence: A pet, in
general.
Cosset \Cos"set\, v. t.
To treat as a pet; to fondle.
She was cosseted and posseted and prayed over and made
much of. --O. W.
Holmes.
Cossic \Cos"sic\ (k?s"s?k), Cossical \Cos"sic*al\ (-s?-kal), a.
[It. cossico. See 2d {Coss}.]
Of or relating to algebra; as, cossic numbers, or the cossic
art. [Obs.] ``Art of numbers cossical.'' --Digges (1579).
Cost \Cost\ (k?st; 115), n. [L. costa rib. See {Coast}.]
1. A rib; a side; a region or coast. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Betwixt the costs of a ship. --B. Jonson.
2. (Her.) See {Cottise}.
Cost \Cost\ (k[o^]st; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cost}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Costing}.] [OF. coster, couster, F. co[^u]ter, fr. L.
constare to stand at, to cost; con- + stare to stand. See
{Stand}, and cf. {Constant}.]
1. To require to be given, expended, or laid out therefor, as
in barter, purchase, acquisition, etc.; to cause the cost,
expenditure, relinquishment, or loss of; as, the ticket
cost a dollar; the effort cost his life.
A diamond gone, cost me two thousand ducats. --Shak.
Though it cost me ten nights' watchings. --Shak.
2. To require to be borne or suffered; to cause.
To do him wanton rites, which cost them woe.
--Milton.
{To cost dear}, to require or occasion a large outlay of
money, or much labor, self-denial, suffering, etc.
Cost \Cost\, n. [OF. cost, F. co[^u]t. See {Cost}, v. t. ]
1. The amount paid, charged, or engaged to be paid, for
anything bought or taken in barter; charge; expense;
hence, whatever, as labor, self-denial, suffering, etc.,
is requisite to secure benefit.
One day shall crown the alliance on 't so please
you, Here at my house, and at my proper cost.
--Shak.
At less cost of life than is often expended in a
skirmish, [Charles V.] saved Europe from invasion.
--Prescott.
2. Loss of any kind; detriment; pain; suffering.
I know thy trains, Though dearly to my cost, thy
gins and toils. --Milton.
3. pl. (Law) Expenses incurred in litigation.
Note: Costs in actions or suits are either between attorney
and client, being what are payable in every case to the
attorney or counsel by his client whether he ultimately
succeed or not, or between party and party, being those
which the law gives, or the court in its discretion
decrees, to the prevailing, against the losing, party.
{Bill of costs}. See under {Bill}.
{Cost free}, without outlay or expense. ``Her duties being to
talk French, and her privileges to live cost free and to
gather scraps of knowledge.'' --Thackeray.
Costa \Cos"ta\ (k[o^]s"t[.a]), n. [L., rib. See {Coast}.]
1. (Anat.) A rib of an animal or a human being.
2. (Bot.) A rib or vein of a leaf, especially the midrib.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The anterior rib in the wing of an insect.
(b) One of the riblike longitudinal ridges on the exterior
of many corals.
Costage \Cost"age\ (k?st"?j; 115), n. [OF. coustage.]
Expense; cost. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Costal \Cos"tal\ (k?s"tal), a. [Cf. F. costal. See {Costa}.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ribs or the sides of the body;
as, costal nerves.
2. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.) Relating to a costa, or rib.
{Costal cartilage}. See {Cartilage}, and Illust. of {Thorax}.
Costal-nerved \Cos"tal-nerved`\ (k?s"tal-n?rvd`), a. (Bot.)
Having the nerves spring from the midrib.
Costard \Cos"tard\ (k?s"t?rd), n. [Prob. fr. OF. coste rib,
side, F. c[^o]te, and meaning orig., a ribbed apple, from the
ribs or angles on its sides. See {Coast}.]
1. An apple, large and round like the head.
Some [apples] consist more of air than water . . .;
others more of water than wind, as your costards and
pomewaters. --Muffett.
2. The head; -- used contemptuously.
Try whether your costard or my bat be the harder.
--Shak.
Costardmonger \Cos"tard*mon`ger\ (-m?n`g?r), n.
A costermonger.
Costate \Cos"tate\ (k?s"t?t), Costated \Cos"ta*ted\ (-t?-t?d),
a. [L. costatus, fr. costa rib.]
Having ribs, or the appearance of ribs; (Bot.) having one or
more longitudinal ribs.
Costean \Cos"tean`\ (k?s"t?n`), v. i. [Cornish cothas dropped +
stean tin.]
To search after lodes. See {Costeaning}.
Costeaning \Cos"tean`ing\, n.
The process by which miners seek to discover metallic lodes.
It consist in sinking small pits through the superficial
deposits to the solid rock, and then driving from one pit to
another across the direction of the vein, in such manner as
to cross all the veins between the two pits.
Costellate \Cos*tel"late\ (k?s-t?l"l?t), a. [L. costa rib.]
Finely ribbed or costated.
Coster \Cos"ter\ (k?s"t?r), n.[Abbrev. of costermonger.]
One who hawks about fruit, green vegetables, fish, etc.
Costermonger \Cos"ter*mon`ger\ (k?s"t?r-m?n`g?r), n. [See
{Costard}.]
An apple seller; a hawker of, or dealer in, any kind of fruit
or vegetables; a fruiterer. [Written also {costardmonger}.]
Costiferous \Cos*tif"er*ous\ (k?s-t?f"?r-?s), a. [Costa +
-ferous.] (Anat.)
Rib-bearing, as the dorsal vertebr[ae].
Costive \Cos"tive\ (k?s"t?v), a. [OF. costev['e], p. p. of
costever, F. constiper, L. constipare to press closely
together, to cram; con- + stipare to press together, cram.
See {Stipulate}, {Stiff}, and cf. {Constipate}.]
1. Retaining fecal matter in the bowels; having too slow a
motion of the bowels; constipated.
2. Reserved; formal; close; cold. [Obs.] ``A costive brain.''
--Prior. ``Costive of laughter.'' --B. Jonson.
You must be frank, but without indiscretion; and
close, but without being costive. --Lord
Chesterfield.
3. Dry and hard; impermeable; unyielding. [Obs.]
Clay in dry seasons is costive, hardening with the
sun and wind. --Mortimer.
Costively \Cos"tive*ly\, adv.
In a costive manner.
Costiveness \Cos"tive*ness\, n.
1. An unnatural retention of the fecal matter of the bowels;
constipation.
2. Inability to express one's self; stiffness. [Obs.]
A reverend disputant of the same costiveness in
public elocution with myself. --Wakefield.
Costless \Cost"less\ (k?st"l?s; 115), a.
Costing nothing.
Costlewe \Cost"lewe\ (-l?), a.
Costly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Costliness \Cost"li*ness\ (-l?-n?s), n.
The quality of being costy; expensiveness; sumptuousness.
Costly \Cost"ly\ (k?st"l?; 115), a. [From Cost expense.]
1. Of great cost; expensive; dear.
He had fitted up his palace in the most costly and
sumptuous style, for the accomodation of the
princess. --Prescott.
2. Gorgeous; sumptuous. [Poetic.]
To show how costly summer was at hand. --Shak.
Costmary \Cost"ma*ry\ (k?st"m?-r?), n. [L. costum an Oriental
aromatic plant (Gr. ???, cf. Ar. kost, kust) + Maria Mary.
Cf. {Alecost}.] (Bot.)
A garden plant ({Chrysanthemum Balsamita}) having a strong
balsamic smell, and nearly allied to tansy. It is used as a
pot herb and salad plant and in flavoring ale and beer.
Called also {alecost}.
Costotome \Cos"to*tome\ (k?s"t?-t?m), n. [Costa + Gr. ???? to
cut.]
An instrument (chisel or shears) to cut the ribs and open the
thoracic cavity, in post-mortem examinations and dissections.
--Knight.
Costrel \Cos"trel\ (k?s"tr?l), n. [CF. W. costrel, OF. costrel,
LL. costrellum, a liquid measure, costrellus a wine cup.]
A bottle of leather, earthenware, or wood, having ears by
which it was suspended at the side. [Archaic]
A youth, that, following with a costrel, bore The means
of goodly welcome, flesh and wine. --Tennyson.
Costume \Cos"tume`\ (k?s"t?m` or k?s-t?m"), n. [F. costume, It.
costume custom, dress, fr. L. consuetumen (not found), for
consuetudo custom. See {Custom}, and cf. {Consuetude}.]
1. Dress in general; esp., the distinctive style of dress of
a people, class, or period.
2. Such an arrangement of accessories, as in a picture,
statue, poem, or play, as is appropriate to the time,
place, or other circumstances represented or described.
I began last night to read Walter Scott's Lay of the
Last Minstrel . . . .I was extremely delighted with
the poetical beauty of some parts . . . .The
costume, too, is admirable. --Sir J.
Mackintosh.
3. A character dress, used at fancy balls or for dramatic
purposes.
Costumer \Cos"tum`er\ (-t?m`?r), n.
One who makes or deals in costumes, as for theaters, fancy
balls, etc.
Co-sufferer \Co-suf"fer*er\ (k?-s?f"f?r-?r), n.
One who suffers with another. --Wycherley.
Cosupreme \Co`su*preme"\ (k?`s?-pr?m"), n.
A partaker of supremacy; one jointly supreme. --Shak.
Cosurety \Co*sure"ty\ (k?-sh?r"t?; 136), n.; pl. {Cosureties}
(-t?z).
One who is surety with another.
Cosy \Co"sy\ (k?"z?), a.
See {Cozy}.
Cot \Cot\ (k?t), n. [OE. cot, cote, AS. cot, cote, cottage; akin
to D. & Icel. kot, G. koth, kot, kothe. Cf. {Coat}.]
1. A small house; a cottage or hut.
The sheltered cot, the cultivated farm. --Goldsmith.
2. A pen, coop, or like shelter for small domestic animals,
as for sheep or pigeons; a cote.
3. A cover or sheath; as, a roller cot (the clothing of a
drawing roller in a spinning frame); a cot for a sore
finger.
4. [Cf. Ir. cot.] A small, rudely-formed boat.
{Bell cot}. (Arch.) See under {Bell}.
Cot \Cot\ (k?t), n. [AS. cot cottage, bedchamber; or cf. OF.
coite, F. couette (E. quilt), LL. cottum, cottus, mattress.
See {Cot} a cottage.]
A sleeping place of limited size; a little bed; a cradle; a
piece of canvas extended by a frame, used as a bed. [Written
also {cott}.]
Cotangent \Co*tan"gent\ (k?-t?n"jent), n. [For co. tangens, an
abbrev. of L. complementi tangens. See {Tangent}.] (Trig.)
The tangent of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust.
of {Functions}.
Cotarnine \Co*tar"nine\ (k?-t?r"n?n or -n?n), n. [F., fr.
narcotine, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.)
A white, crystalline substance, {C12H13NO3}, obtained as a
product of the decomposition of narcotine. It has weak basic
properties, and is usually regarded as an alkaloid.
Cote \Cote\ (k[=o]t), n. [See 1st {Cot}.]
1. A cottage or hut. [Obs.]
2. A shed, shelter, or inclosure for small domestic animals,
as for sheep or doves.
Watching where shepherds pen their flocks, at eve,
In hurdled cotes. --Milton.
Cote \Cote\, v. t. [Prob. from F. c[^o]t['e] side, OF. costet,
LL. costatus, costatum, fr. L. costu rib, side: cf. F.
c[^o]toyer to go or keep at the side of. See {Coast}.]
To go side by side with; hence, to pass by; to outrun and get
before; as, a dog cotes a hare. [Obs.] --Drayton.
We coted them on the way, and hither are they coming.
--Shak.
Cote \Cote\, v. t. [See {Quote}.]
To quote. [Obs.] --Udall.
Cotemporaneous \Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous\ (k?-t?m`p?-r?"n?-?s), a.
[See {Contemporaneous}.]
Living or being at the same time; contemporaneous. --
{Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness},
n.
Cotemporary \Co*tem"po*ra*ry\ (k?-t?m"p?-r?-r?), a.
Living or being at the same time; contemporary.
Cotemporary \Co*tem"po*ra*ry\, n.; pl. {Cotemporaries}
(-r[i^]z).
One who lives at the same time with another; a contemporary.
Cotenant \Co*ten"ant\ (k?-t?n"ant), n.
A tenant in common, or a joint tenant.
Coterie \Co`te*rie"\ (k?`te-r?"; 277), n. [F., prob. from OF.
coterie servile tenure, fr. colier cotter; of German origin.
See 1st {Cot}.]
A set or circle of persons who meet familiarly, as for
social, literary, or other purposes; a clique. ``The queen of
your coterie.'' --Thackeray.
Coterminous \Co*ter"mi*nous\ (k?-t?r"m?-n?s), a. [Cf.
{Conterminous}.]
Bordering; conterminous; -- followed by with.
Cotgare \Cot"gare`\ (k?t"g?r`), n.
Refuse wool. [Obs. or Prov.]
Cothurn \Co"thurn\ (k?"th?rn), n. [L. cothurnus, Gr. ????. Cf.
{Cothurnus}.]
A buskin anciently used by tragic actors on the stage; hence,
tragedy in general.
The moment had arrived when it was thought that the
mask and the cothurn might be assumed with effect.
--Motley.
Cothurnate \Co*thur"nate\ (k?-th?r"n?t), Cothurnated
\Co*thur"na*ted\ (-n?-t?d), a.
1. Wearing a cothurn.
2. Relating to tragedy; solemn; grave.
Cothurnus \Co*thur"nus\ (-n?s), n. [L.]
Same as {Cothurn}.
Coticular \Co*tic"u*lar\ (k?-t?k"?-l?r), a. [L. coticula a small
touchstone, dim. cos, cotis, whetstone.]
Pertaining to whetstones; like or suitable for whetstones.
Cotidal \Co*tid"al\ (k?-t?d"al), a.
Marking an equality in the tides; having high tide at the
same time.
{Cotidal lines} (Phys. Geog.), lines on a map passing through
places that have high tide at the same time.
Cotillon \Co`til`lon"\ (k[-o]`t[-e]`y[^o]N" or k[-o]`t[-e]l`-;
277), Cotillion \Co*til"lion\ (k[-o]*t[i^]l"y[u^]n), n. [F.
cotillon, fr. OF. cote coat, LL. cotta tunic. See {Coat}.]
1. A brisk dance, performed by eight persons; a quadrille.
2. A tune which regulates the dance.
3. A kind of woolen material for women's skirts.
Cotinga \Co*tin"ga\ (k[-o]*t[-e][ng]"g[.a]), n. [Native South
American name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bird of the family {Cotingid[ae]}, including numerous
bright-colored South American species; -- called also
{chatterers}.
Cotise \Cot"ise\ (k[o^]t"[i^]s), n. (Her.)
See {Cottise}.
Cotised \Cot"ised\ (-?st), a. (Her.)
See {Cottised}.
Cotland \Cot"land\ (k?t"l?nd), n.
Land appendant to a cot or cottage, or held by a cottager or
cotter.
Cotquean \Cot"quean`\ (k?t"kw?n`), n. [Cot a cottage + quean.]
1. A man who busies himself with affairs which properly
belong to women. --Addison.
2. A she-cuckold; a cucquean; a henhussy. [Obs.]
What, shall a husband be afraid of his wife's face?
We are a king, cotquean, and we will reign in our
pleasures. --B. Jonson.
Cotqueanity \Cot*quean"i*ty\ (k?t-kw?n"?-t?), n.
The condition, character, or conduct of a cotquean. [Obs.]
--B. Jonson.
Cotrustee \Co`trus*tee"\ (k?`tr?s-t?"), n.
A joint trustee.
Cotswold \Cots"wold`\ (k?ts"w?ld`), n. [Cot a cottage or hut +
wold an open country.]
An open country abounding in sheepcotes, as in the Cotswold
hills, in Gloucestershire, England.
{Cotswold sheep}, a long-wooled breed of sheep, formerly
common in the counties of Gloucester, Hereford, and
Worcester, Eng.; -- so called from the Cotswold Hills. The
breed is now chiefly amalgamated with others.
Cottage \Cot"tage\ (k?t"t?j; 48), n. [From {Cot} a cottage.]
A small house; a cot; a hut.
Note: The term was formerly limited to a habitation for the
poor, but is now applied to any small tasteful
dwelling; and at places of summer resort, to any
residence or lodging house of rustic architecture,
irrespective of size.
{Cottage allotment}. See under {Alloment}. [Eng.]
{Cottage cheese}, the thick part of clabbered milk strained,
salted, and pressed into a ball.
Cottaged \Cot"taged\ (-t?jd), a.
Set or covered with cottages.
Even humble Harting's cottaged vale. --Collins.
Cottagely \Cot"tage*ly\ (-t?j-l?), a.
Cottagelike; suitable for a cottage; rustic. [Obs.] --Jer.
Taylor.
Cottager \Cot"ta*ger\ (k?t"t?-j?r), n.
1. One who lives in a cottage.
2. (Law) One who lives on the common, without paying any
rent, or having land of his own.
Cotter \Cot"ter\, Cottar \Cot"tar\ (k?t"t?r), n. [LL. cotarius,
cottarius, coterius. See {Cot}.]
A cottager; a cottier. --Burns.
Through Sandwich Notch the West Wind sang Good morrow
to the cotter. --Whittier.
Cotter \Cot"ter\ (k[o^]t"t[~e]r), n.
1. A piece of wood or metal, commonly wedge-shaped, used for
fastening together parts of a machine or structure. It is
driven into an opening through one or all of the parts.
Note: [See Illust.] In the United States a cotter is commonly
called a {key}.
2. A toggle.
Cotter \Cot"ter\, v. t.
To fasten with a cotter.
Cottier \Cot"ti*er\ (-t[i^]*[~e]r), n. [OF. cotier. See
{Coterie}, and cf. {Cotter}.]
In Great Britain and Ireland, a person who hires a small
cottage, with or without a plot of land. Cottiers commonly
aid in the work of the landlord's farm. [Written also
{cottar} and {cotter}.]
Cottise \Cot"tise\ (k[o^]t"t[i^]s), n. [Cf. F. c[ocit]t['e]
side, L. costa rib.] (Her.)
A diminutive of the bendlet, containing one half its area or
one quarter the area of the bend. When a single cottise is
used alone it is often called a {cost}. See also
{Couple-close}.
Cottised \Cot"tised\ (-t?st), a. (Her.)
Set between two cottises, -- said of a bend; or between two
barrulets, -- said of a bar or fess.
Cottoid \Cot"toid\ (k?t"toid), a. [NL. cottus sculpin + -oid.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Like a fish of the genus {Cottus}. -- n. A fish belonging to,
or resembling, the genus {Cottus}. See {Sculpin}.
Cottolene \Cot"to*lene`\ (k[o^]t"t[-o]*l[=e]n`), n.
A product from cotton-seed, used as lard.
Cotton \Cot"ton\ (k[o^]t"t'n), n. [F. coton, Sp. algodon the
cotton plant and its wool, coton printed cotton, cloth, fr.
Ar. qutun, alqutun, cotton wool. Cf. {Acton}, {Hacqueton}.]
1. A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting
of the unicellular twisted hairs which grow on the seeds
of the cotton plant. Long-staple cotton has a fiber
sometimes almost two inches long; short-staple, from two
thirds of an inch to an inch and a half.
2. The cotton plant. See {Cotten plant}, below.
3. Cloth made of cotton.
Note: Cotton is used as an adjective before many nouns in a
sense which commonly needs no explanation; as, cotton
bagging; cotton cloth; cotton goods; cotton industry;
cotton mill; cotton spinning; cotton tick.
{Cotton cambric}. See {Cambric}, n., 2.
{Cotton flannel}, the manufactures' name for a heavy cotton
fabric, twilled, and with a long plush nap. In England it
is called swan's-down cotton, or Canton flannel.
{Cotton gin}, a machine to separate the seeds from cotton,
invented by Eli Whitney.
{Cotton grass} (Bot.), a genus of plants ({Eriphorum}) of the
Sedge family, having delicate capillary bristles
surrounding the fruit (seedlike achenia), which elongate
at maturity and resemble tufts of cotton.
{Cotton mouse} (Zool.), a field mouse ({Hesperomys
gossypinus}), injurious to cotton crops.
{Cotton plant} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Gossypium}, of
several species, all growing in warm climates, and bearing
the cotton of commerce. The common species, originally
Asiatic, is {G. herbaceum}.
{Cotton press}, a building and machinery in which cotton
bales are compressed into smaller bulk for shipment; a
press for baling cotton.
{Cotton rose} (Bot.), a genus of composite herbs ({Filago}),
covered with a white substance resembling cotton.
{Cotton scale} (Zo["o]l.), a species of bark louse
({Pulvinaria innumerabilis}), which does great damage to
the cotton plant.
{Cotton shrub}. Same as Cotton plant.
{Cotton stainer} (Zo["o]l.), a species of hemipterous insect
({Dysdercus suturellus}), which seriously damages growing
cotton by staining it; -- called also {redbug}.
{Cotton thistle} (Bot.), the Scotch thistle. See under
{Thistle}.
{Cotton velvet}, velvet in which the warp and woof are both
of cotton, and the pile is of silk; also, velvet made
wholly of cotton.
{Cotton waste}, the refuse of cotton mills.
{Cotton wool}, cotton in its raw or woolly state.
{Cotton worm} (Zool.), a lepidopterous insect ({Aletia
argillacea}), which in the larval state does great damage
to the cotton plant by eating the leaves. It also feeds on
corn, etc., and hence is often called {corn worm}, and
{Southern army worm}.
Cotton \Cot"ton\, v. i.
1. To rise with a regular nap, as cloth does. [Obs.]
It cottons well; it can not choose but bear A pretty
nap. --Family of
Love.
2. To go on prosperously; to succeed. [Obs.]
New, Hephestion, does not this matter cotton as I
would? --Lyly.
3. To unite; to agree; to make friends; -- usually followed
by with. [Colloq.]
A quarrel will end in one of you being turned off,
in which case it will not be easy to cotton with
another. --Swift.
Didst see, Frank, how the old goldsmith cottoned in
with his beggarly companion? --Sir W.
Scott.
4. To take a liking to; to stick to one as cotton; -- used
with to. [Slang]
Cottonade \Cot"ton*ade`\ (k?t"t'n-?d`), n. [F. cottonade.]
A somewhat stout and thick fabric of cotton.
Cottonary \Cot"ton*a*ry\ (-?-r?), a.
Relating to, or composed of, cotton; cottony. [Obs.]
Cottonary and woolly pillows. --Sir T.
Browne.
Cottonous \Cot"ton*ous\ (-?s), a.
Resembling cotton. [R.] --Evelyn.
Cottontail \Cot"ton*tail`\ (k[o^]t"t'n*t[=a]l`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The American wood rabbit ({Lepus sylvaticus}); -- also called
{Molly cottontail}.
Cottonweed \Cot"ton*weed`\ (-w[=e]d`), n. (Bot.)
See {Cudweed}.
Cottonwood \Cot"ton*wood`\ (-w[oo^]d`), n. (Bot.)
An American tree of the genus {Populus} or poplar, having the
seeds covered with abundant cottonlike hairs; esp., the {P.
monilifera} and {P. angustifolia} of the Western United
States.
Cottony \Cot"ton*y\ (-?), a.
1. Covered with hairs or pubescence, like cotton; downy;
nappy; woolly.
2. Of or pertaining to cotton; resembling cotton in
appearance or character; soft, like cotton.
Cottrel \Cot"trel\ (k?t"tr?l), n.
A trammel, or hook to support a pot over a fire. --Knight.
Cotyla \Cot"y*la\ (k?t"?-l?), Cotyle \Cot"y*le\ (k?t"?-l?), n.
[Gr. ??? anything hollow, cup of a joint, small meassure: cf.
L. cotyla a measure.] (Anat.)
A cuplike cavity or organ. Same as {Acetabulum}.
Cotyledon \Cot`y*le"don\ (k?t`?-l?"d?n), n. [Gr.??? a cupshaped
hollow, fr. ???. See {Cotyle}.]
1. (Anat.) One of the patches of villi found in some forms of
placenta.
2. (Bot.) A leaf borne by the caulicle or radicle of an
embryo; a seed leaf.
Note: Many plants, as the bean and the maple, have two
cotyledons, the grasses only one, and pines have
several. In one African plant ({Welwitschia}) the
cotyledons are permanent and grow to immense
proportions.
Cotyledonal \Cot`y*led"on*al\ (k?t`?-l?d"?n-a]/>l), a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cotyledon.
Cotyledonary \Cot`y*led"on*a*ry\ (-?-r?), a.
Having a cotyledon; tufted; as, the cotyledonary placenta of
the cow.
Cotyledonous \Cot`y*led"on*ous\ (-?s; 277), a.
Of or pertaining to a cotyledon or cotyledons; having a seed
lobe.
Cotyliform \Co*tyl"i*form\ (k?-t?l"?-f?rm), a. [Cotyle + -form.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Shaped like a cotyle or a cup.
Cotyligerous \Cot`y*lig"er*ous\ (k?t`?-l?j"?r-?s), a. [Cotyle +
-gerous.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having cotyles.
Cotyloid \Cot"y*loid\ (k?t"?-loid), a. [Cotyle + -oid] (Anat.)
(a) Shaped like a cup; as, the cotyloid cavity, which
receives the head of the thigh bone.
(b) Pertaining to a cotyloid cavity; as, the cotyloid
ligament, or notch.
Coucal \Cou"cal\ (k??"k?l), n. [Prob. native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large, Old World, ground cuckoo of the genus {Centropus},
of several species.
Couch \Couch\ (kouch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Couched} (koucht);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Couching}.] [F. coucher to lay down, lie
down, OF. colchier, fr. L. collocare to lay, put, place; col-
+ locare to place, fr. locus place. See {Locus}.]
1. To lay upon a bed or other resting place.
Where unbruised youth, with unstuffed brain, Does
couch his limbs, there golden sleep doth reign.
--Shak.
2. To arrange or dispose as in a bed; -- sometimes followed
by the reflexive pronoun.
The waters couch themselves as may be to the center
of this globe, in a spherical convexity. --T.
Burnet.
3. To lay or deposit in a bed or layer; to bed.
It is at this day in use at Gaza, to couch
potsherds, or vessels of earth, in their walls.
--Bacon.
4. (Paper Making) To transfer (as sheets of partly dried
pulp) from the wire cloth mold to a felt blanket, for
further drying.
5. To conceal; to include or involve darkly.
There is all this, and more, that lies naturally
couched under this allegory. --L'Estrange.
6. To arrange; to place; to inlay. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
7. To put into some form of language; to express; to phrase;
-- used with in and under.
A well-couched invective. --Milton.
I had received a letter from Flora couched in rather
cool terms. --Blackw. Mag.
8. (Med.) To treat by pushing down or displacing the opaque
lens with a needle; as, to couch a cataract.
{To couch a} {spear or lance}, to lower to the position of
attack; to place in rest.
He stooped his head, and couched his spear, And
spurred his steed to full career. --Sir W.
Scott.
{To couch malt}, to spread malt on a floor. --Mortimer.
Couch \Couch\, v. i.
1. To lie down or recline, as on a bed or other place of
rest; to repose; to lie.
Where souls do couch on flowers, we 'll hand in
hand. --Shak.
If I court moe women, you 'll couch with moe men.
--Shak.
2. To lie down for concealment; to hide; to be concealed; to
be included or involved darkly.
We 'll couch in the castle ditch, till we see the
light of our fairies. --Shak.
The half-hidden, hallf-revealed wonders, that yet
couch beneath the words of the Scripture. --I.
Taylor.
3. To bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor, etc.; to
stoop; to crouch. [Obs.]
An aged squire That seemed to couch under his shield
three-square. --Spenser.
Couch \Couch\, n. [F. couche, OF. colche, culche, fr. colchier.
See {Couch}, v. t. ]
1. A bed or place for repose or sleep; particularly, in the
United States, a lounge.
Gentle sleep . . . why liest thou with the vile In
loathsome beds, and leavest the kingly couch?
--Shak.
Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About
him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. --Bryant.
2. Any place for repose, as the lair of a beast, etc.
3. A mass of steeped barley spread upon a floor to germinate,
in malting; or the floor occupied by the barley; as, couch
of malt.
4. (Painting & Gilding) A preliminary layer, as of color,
size, etc.
Couchancy \Couch"an*cy\ (kouch"an-s?), n.
State of lying down for repose. [R.]
Couchant \Couch"ant\ (kouch"ant), a. [F., p. pr. of coucher. See
{Couch}, v. t.]
1. Lying down with head erect; squatting.
2. (Her.) Lying down with the head raised, which
distinguishes the posture of couchant from that of
dormant, or sleeping; -- said of a lion or other beast.
{Couchant and levant} (Law), rising up and lying down; --
said of beasts, and indicating that they have been long
enough on land, not belonging to their owner, to lie down
and rise up to feed, -- such time being held to include a
day and night at the least. --Blackstone.
Couch'e \Cou`ch['e]"\ (k??`sh?"), a. [F., p. p. of coucher. See
{Couch}, v. t. ] (Her.)
(a) Not erect; inclined; -- said of anything that is
usually erect, as an escutcheon.
(b) Lying on its side; thus, a chevron couch['e] is one
which emerges from one side of the escutcheon and has
its apex on the opposite side, or at the fess point.
Couched \Couched\ (koucht), a. (Her.)
Same as {Couch?}.
Couchee \Cou"chee\ (k??"sh?; F. k??"sh?"), n. [F. couch?e a
sleeping place from coucher. See {Couch}, v. t. ]
A reception held at the time of going to bed, as by a
sovereign or great prince. [Obs.] --Dryden.
The duke's levees and couchees were so crowded that the
antechambers were full. --Bp. Burnet.
Coucher \Couch"er\ (kouch"?r), n.
1. One who couches.
2. (Paper Manuf.) One who couches paper.
3. [Cf. L. collectarius.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) A factor or agent resident in a country for traffic.
--Blount.
(b) The book in which a corporation or other body
registers its particular acts. [Obs.] --Cowell.
Couch grass \Couch" grass`\ (gr?s`). (Bot.)
See {Quitch grass}.
Couching \Couch"ing\, n.
1. (Med.) The operation of putting down or displacing the
opaque lens in cataract.
2. Embroidering by laying the materials upon the surface of
the foundation, instead of drawing them through.
Couchless \Couch"less\ (kouch"l?s), a.
Having no couch or bed.
Coudee \Cou"dee\ (k??"d?; F. k??`d?"), n. [F. coud?e, from coude
elbow.]
A measure of length; the distance from the elbow to the end
of the middle finger; a cubit.
Cougar \Cou"gar\ (k??"g?r), n. [F. couguar, from the native name
in the South American dialects, cuguacuara, cuguacuarana.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An American feline quadruped ({Felis concolor}), resembling
the African panther in size and habits. Its color is tawny,
without spots; hence writers often called it the {American
lion}. Called also {puma}, {panther}, {mountain lion}, and
{catamount}. See {Puma}.
Cough \Cough\ (k?f), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Coughed} (k?ft); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Coughing}.] [Cf. D. kuchen, MHG. k?chen to
breathe, G. keuchen to pant, and E. chincough, the first part
of which is prob. akin to cough; cf. also E. choke.]
To expel air, or obstructing or irritating matter, from the
lungs or air passages, in a noisy and violent manner.
Cough \Cough\, v. t.
1. To expel from the lungs or air passages by coughing; --
followed by up; as, to cough up phlegm.
2. To bring to a specified state by coughing; as, he coughed
himself hoarse.
{To cough down}, to silence or put down (an objectionable
speaker) by simulated coughing.
Cough \Cough\, n. [Cg. D. kuch. See {Cough}, v. i. ]
1. A sudden, noisy, and violent expulsion of air from the
chest, caused by irritation in the air passages, or by the
reflex action of nervous or gastric disorder, etc.
2. The more or less frequent repetition of coughing,
constituting a symptom of disease.
{Stomach cough}, {Ear cough}, cough due to irritation in the
stomach or ear.
Cougher \Cough"er\ (k?f"?r), n.
One who coughs.
Couhage \Cou"hage\ (kou"?j), n. (Bot.)
See {Cowhage}.
Could \Could\ (k??d), imp. of {Can}. [OF. coude. The l was
inserted by mistake, under the influence of should and
would.]
Was, should be, or would be, able, capable, or susceptible.
Used as an auxiliary, in the past tense or in the conditional
present.
Coulee \Cou`lee"\ (k??`l?"), n. [F. coul['e]e, fr. couler to run
or flow.]
A stream; (Geol.) a stream of lava. Also, in the Western
United States, the bed of a stream, even if dry, when deep
and having inclined sides; distinguished from a ca[~n]on,
which has precipitous sides.
Coulisse \Cou*lisse"\ (k??-l?s"; F. k??`l?s"), n. [F., fr.
couler to flow, glide.]
1. A piece of timber having a groove in which something
glides.
2. One of the side scenes of the stage in a theater, or the
space included between the side scenes.
Couloir \Cou`loir"\ (k??`lw?r"), n. [F., a strainer.]
1. A deep gorge; a gully.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A dredging machine for excavating
canals, etc.
Coulomb \Cou`lomb"\ (k??`l?n"), n. [From Coulomb, a French
physicist and electrican.] (Physics)
The standard unit of quantity in electrical measurements. It
is the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by the
current produced by an electro-motive force of one volt
acting in a circuit having a resistance of one ohm, or the
quantity transferred by one amp[`e]re in one second. Formerly
called {weber}.
Coulter \Coul"ter\ (k[=o]l"t[~e]r), n.
Same as {Colter}.
Coulterneb \Coul"ter*neb`\ (-n[e^]b`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The puffin.
Coumaric \Cou*mar"ic\ (k??-m?r"?k), a.
Relating to, derived from, or like, the {Dipterix odorata}, a
tree of Guiana.
{Coumaric acid} (Chem.), one of a series of aromatic acids,
related to cinnamic acid, the most important of which is a
white crystalline substance, {HO.C6H4.C2H2.CO2H}, obtained
from the tonka bean, sweet clover, etc., and also produced
artificially.
Coumarin \Cou"ma*rin\ (k[=oo]"m[.a]*r[i^]n), n. [F., fr.
coumarou, a tree of Guiana.] (Chem.)
The concrete essence of the tonka bean, the fruit of
{Dipterix (formerly Coumarouna) odorata} and consisting
essentially of coumarin proper, which is a white crystalline
substance, {C9H6O2}, of vanilla-like odor, regarded as an
anhydride of coumaric acid, and used in flavoring. Coumarin
in also made artificially.
Council \Coun"cil\ (koun"s[i^]l), n. [F. concile, fr. L.
concilium; con- + calare to call, akin to Gr. ??? to call,
and E. hale, v., haul. Cf. {Conciliate}. This word is often
confounded with counsel, with which it has no connection.]
1. An assembly of men summoned or convened for consultation,
deliberation, or advice; as, a council of physicians for
consultation in a critical case.
2. A body of man elected or appointed to constitute an
advisory or a legislative assembly; as, a governor's
council; a city council.
An old lord of the council rated me the other day.
--Shak.
3. Act of deliberating; deliberation; consultation.
Satan . . . void of rest, His potentates to council
called by night. --Milton.
O great in action and in council wise. --Pope.
{Aulic council}. See under {Aulic}.
{Cabinet council}. See under {Cabinet}.
{City council}, the legislative branch of a city government,
usually consisting of a board of aldermen and common
council, but sometimes otherwise constituted.
{Common council}. See under {Common}.
{Council board}, {Council table}, the table round which a
council holds consultation; also, the council itself in
deliberation.
{Council chamber}, the room or apartment in which a council
meets.
{Council fire}, the ceremonial fire kept burning while the
Indians hold their councils. [U.S.] --Bartlett.
{Council of war}, an assembly of officers of high rank,
called to consult with the commander in chief in regard to
measures or importance or nesessity.
{Ecumenical council} (Eccl.), an assembly of prelates or
divines convened from the whole body of the church to
regulate matters of doctrine or discipline.
{Executive council}, a body of men elected as advisers of the
chief magistrate, whether of a State or the nation. [U.S.]
{Legislative council}, the upper house of a legislature,
usually called the senate.
{Privy council}. See under {Privy}. [Eng.]
Syn: Assembly; meeting; congress; diet; parliament;
convention; convocation; synod.
Councilist \Coun"cil*ist\ (koun"s?l-?st), n.
One who belong to a council; one who gives an opinion. [Obs.]
I will in three months be an expert counsilist.
--Milton.
Councilman \Coun"cil*man\ (koun`s?l-man), n.; pl. {Councilmen}
(-men).
A member of a council, especially of the common council of a
city; a councilor.
Councilor \Coun"cil*or\ (koun"s?l-?r), n.
A member of a council. [Written also {councillor}.]
Note: The distinction between councilor, a member of a
council, and counselor, one who gives councel, was not
formerly made, but is now very generally recognized and
observed.
Co-une \Co`-une"\ (k?`?n"), v. t. [L. co- + unus one.]
To combine or unite. [Obs.] ``Co-uned together.'' --Feltham.
Co-unite \Co`-u*nite"\ (k?`?-n?t"), v. t.
To unite. [Obs.]
Co-unite \Co`-u*nite"\, a.
United closely with another. [Obs.]
Counsel \Coun"sel\ (koun"s?l), n. [OE. conc?l, F. conseil, fr.
L. consilium, fr. the root of consulere to consult, of
uncertain origin. Cf. {Consult}, {Consul}.]
1. Interchange of opinions; mutual advising; consultation.
All the chief priest and elders of the people took
counsel against Jesus, to put him to death. --Matt.
xxvii. 1.
2. Examination of consequences; exercise of deliberate
judgment; prudence.
They all confess, therefore, in the working of that
first cause, that counsel is used. --Hooker.
3. Result of consultation; advice; instruction.
I like thy counsel; well hast thou advised. --Shak.
It was ill counsel had misled the girl. --Tennyson.
4. Deliberate purpose; design; intent; scheme; plan.
The counsel of the Lord standeth forever. --Ps.
xxxiii. 11.
The counsels of the wicked are deceit. --Prov. xii.
5.
5. A secret opinion or purpose; a private matter.
Thilke lord . . . to whom no counsel may be hid.
--Gower.
6. One who gives advice, especially in legal matters; one
professionally engaged in the trial or management of a
cause in court; also, collectively, the legal advocates
united in the management of a case; as, the defendant has
able counsel.
The King found his counsel as refractory as his
judges. --Macaulay.
Note: The some courts a distinction is observed between the
attorney and the counsel in a cause, the former being
employed in the management iof the more mechanical
parts of the suit, the latter in attending to the
pleadings, managing the cause at the trial, and in
applying the law to the exigencies of the case during
the whole progress of the suit. In other courts the
same person can exercise the powers of each. See
{Attorney}. --Kent.
{In counsel}, in secret. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{To keep counsel}, or
{To keep one's own counsel}, to keep one's thoughts,
purposes, etc., undisclosed.
The players can not keep counsel: they 'll tell all.
--Shak.
Syn: Advice; consideration; consultation; purpose; scheme;
opinion.
Counsel \Coun"sel\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Counseled} (-s?ld) or
{Counselled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Counseling} or {Counselling}.]
[OE. conseilen, counseilen, F. conseiller, fr. L. consiliari,
fr. consilium counsel.]
1. To give advice to; to advice, admonish, or instruct, as a
person.
Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave
this place. --Shak.
2. To advise or recommend, as an act or course.
They who counsel war. --Milton.
Thus Belial, with words clothed in reson's garb,
Counseled ignoble ease and peaceful sloth. --Milton.
Counselable \Coun"sel*a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a. [Written also
counsellable.]
1. Willing to receive counsel or follow advice. [R.]
Few men of so great parts were upon all occasions
more counselable than he. --Clarendon.
2. Suitable to be advised; advisable, wise. [Obs.]
He did not believe it counselable. --Clarendon.
Counselor \Coun"sel*or\ (koun"s?l-?r), n. [Written also
{counsellor}.] [OE. conseiler, F. conseiller, fr. L.
consiliarius, fr. consilium counsel.]
1. One who counsels; an adviser.
Can he that speaks with the tongue of an enemy be a
good counselor, or no? --Shak.
2. A member of council; one appointed to advise a sovereign
or chief magistrate.
Note: [See under {Consilor}.]
3. One whose profession is to give advice in law, and manage
causes for clients in court; a barrister.
Good counselors lack no clients. --Shak.
Counselorship \Coun"sel*or*ship\ (koun"s?l-?r-sh?p), n.
The function and rank or office of a counselor. --Bacon.
Count \Count\ (kount), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Counted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Counting}.] [OF. conter, and later (etymological
spelling) compter, in modern French thus distinguished;
conter to relate (cf. {Recount}, {Account}), compter to
count; fr. L. computuare to reckon, compute; com- + putare to
reckon, settle, order, prune, orig., to clean. See {Pure},
and cf. {Compute}.]
1. To tell or name one by one, or by groups, for the purpose
of ascertaining the whole number of units in a collection;
to number; to enumerate; to compute; to reckon.
Who can count the dust of Jacob? --Num. xxiii.
10.
In a journey of forty miles, Avaux counted only
three miserable cabins. --Macaulay.
2. To place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to consider
or esteem as belonging.
Abracham believed God, and it was counted unto him
for righteousness. --Rom. iv. 3.
3. To esteem; to account; to reckon; to think, judge, or
consider.
I count myself in nothing else so happy As in a soul
remembering my good friends. --Shak.
{To count out}.
(a) To exclude (one) from consideration; to be assured
that (one) will not participate or cannot be depended
upon.
(b) (House of Commons) To declare adjourned, as a sitting
of the House, when it is ascertained that a quorum is
not present.
(c) To prevent the accession of (a person) to office, by a
fraudulent return or count of the votes cast; -- said
of a candidate really elected. [Colloq.]
Syn: To calculate; number; reckon; compute; enumerate. See
{Calculate}.
Count \Count\, v. i.
1. To number or be counted; to possess value or carry weight;
hence, to increase or add to the strength or influence of
some party or interest; as, every vote counts; accidents
count for nothing.
This excellent man . . . counted among the best and
wisest of English statesmen. --J. A.
Symonds.
2. To reckon; to rely; to depend; -- with on or upon.
He was brewer to the palace; and it was apprehended
that the government counted on his voice.
--Macaulay.
I think it a great error to count upon the genius of
a nation as a standing argument in all ages.
--Swift.
3. To take account or note; -- with of. [Obs.] ``No man
counts of her beauty.'' --Shak.
4. (Eng. Law) To plead orally; to argue a matter in court; to
recite a count. --Burrill.
Count \Count\, n. [F. conte and compte, with different meanings,
fr. L. computus a computation, fr. computare. See {Count}, v.
t.]
1. The act of numbering; reckoning; also, the number
ascertained by counting.
Of blessed saints for to increase the count.
--Spenser.
By this count, I shall be much in years. --Shak.
2. An object of interest or account; value; estimation.
[Obs.] ``All his care and count.'' --Spenser.
3. (Law) A formal statement of the plaintiff's case in court;
in a more technical and correct sense, a particular
allegation or charge in a declaration or indictment,
separately setting forth the cause of action or
prosecution. --Wharton.
Note: In the old law books, count was used synonymously with
declaration. When the plaintiff has but a single cause
of action, and makes but one statement of it, that
statement is called indifferently count or declaration,
most generally, however, the latter. But where the suit
embraces several causes, or the plaintiff makes several
different statements of the same cause of action, each
statement is called a count, and all of them combined,
a declaration. --Bouvier. Wharton.
Count \Count\, n. [F. conte, fr. L. comes, comitis, associate,
companion, one of the imperial court or train, properly, one
who goes with another; com- + ire to go, akin to Skr. i to
go.]
A nobleman on the continent of Europe, equal in rank to an
English earl.
Note: Though the tittle Count has never been introduced into
Britain, the wives of Earls have, from the earliest
period of its history, been designated as Countesses.
--Brande & C.
{Count palatine}.
(a) Formerly, the proprietor of a county who possessed royal
prerogatives within his county, as did the Earl of
Chester, the Bishop of Durham, and the Duke of Lancaster.
[Eng.] See {County palatine}, under {County}.
(b) Originally, a high judicial officer of the German
emperors; afterward, the holder of a fief, to whom was
granted the right to exercise certain imperial powers
within his own domains. [Germany]
Countable \Count"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being numbered.
Counttenance \Count"te*nance\ (koun"t?-nans), n. [OE.
contenance, countenaunce, demeanor, composure, F. contenance
demeanor, fr. L. continentia continence, LL. also, demeanor,
fr. L. continere to hold together, repress, contain. See
{Contain}, and cf. {Continence}.]
1. Appearance or expression of the face; look; aspect; mien.
So spake the Son, and into terror changed His
countenance. --Milton.
2. The face; the features.
In countenance somewhat doth resemble you. --Shak.
3. Approving or encouraging aspect of face; hence, favor,
good will, support; aid; encouragement.
Thou hast made him . . . glad with thy countenance.
--Ps. xxi. 6.
This is the magistrate's peculiar province, to give
countenance to piety and virtue, and to rebuke vice.
--Atterbury.
4. Superficial appearance; show; pretense. [Obs.]
The election being done, he made countenance of
great discontent thereat. --Ascham.
{In countenance}, in an assured condition or aspect; free
from shame or dismay. ``It puts the learned in
countenance, and gives them a place among the fashionable
part of mankind.'' --Addison.
{Out of countenance}, not bold or assured; confounded;
abashed. ``Their best friends were out of countenance,
because they found that the imputations . . . were well
grounded.'' --Clarendon.
{To keep the countenance}, to preserve a composed or natural
look, undisturbed by passion or emotion. --Swift.
Countenance \Coun"te*nance\ (koun"t?-nans), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Countenanced} (-nanst); p. pr. & vb. n. {Countenancing}.]
1. To encourage; to favor; to approve; to aid; to abet.
This conceit, though countenanced by learned men, is
not made out either by experience or reason. --Sir
T. Browne.
Error supports custom, custom countenances error.
--Milton.
2. To make a show of; to pretend. [Obs.]
Which to these ladies love did countenance.
--Spenser.
Countenancer \Coun"te*nan*cer\ (-nan-s?r), n.
One who countenances, favors, or supports.
Counter \Coun"ter\ (koun"t?r-).
Note: [See {Counter}, adv. ]
A prefix meaning contrary, opposite, in opposition; as,
counteract, counterbalance, countercheck. See {Counter}, adv.
& a.
Counter \Count"er\ (koun"t?r), n. [OE. countere, countour, a
counter (in sense 1), OF. contere, conteor, fr. conter to
count. See {Count}, v. t. ]
1. One who counts, or reckons up; a calculator; a reckoner.
2. A piece of metal, ivory, wood, or bone, used in reckoning,
in keeping account of games, etc.
The old gods of our own race whose names . . . serve
as counters reckon the days of the week. --E. B.
Tylor.
What comes the wool to? . . . I can not do it
without counters. --Shak.
3. Money; coin; -- used in contempt. [Obs.]
To lock such rascal counters from his friends.
--Shak.
4. A prison; either of two prisons formerly in London.
Anne Aysavugh . . . imprisoned in the Counter.
--Fuller.
5. A telltale; a contrivance attached to an engine, printing
press, or other machine, for the purpose of counting the
revolutions or the pulsations. --Knight.
Counter \Coun"ter\, n. [OE. countour, OF. contouer, comptouer,
F. comptoir, LL. computatorium, prop., a computing place,
place of accounts, fr. L. computare. See {Count}, v. t.]
A table or board on which money is counted and over which
business is transacted; a long, narrow table or bench, on
which goods are laid for examination by purchasers, or on
which they are weighed or measured.
Counter \Coun"ter\, adv. [F. contre, fr. L. contra against. Cf.
{Contra-}.]
1. Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite direction;
contrariwise; -- used chiefly with run or go.
Running counter to all the rules of virtue. --Locks.
2. In the wrong way; contrary to the right course; as, a
hound that runs counter.
This is counter, you false Danish dogs! --Shak.
3. At or against the front or face. [R.]
Which [darts] they never throw counter, but at the
back of the flier. --Sandys.
Counter \Coun"ter\, a.
Contrary; opposite; contrasted; opposed; adverse;
antagonistic; as, a counter current; a counter revolution; a
counter poison; a counter agent; counter fugue. ``Innumerable
facts attesting the counter principle.'' --I. Taylor.
{Counter approach} (Fort.), a trench or work pushed forward
from defensive works to meet the approaches of besiegers.
See {Approach}.
{Counter bond} (Law), in old practice, a bond to secure one
who has given bond for another.
{Counter brace}. See {Counter brace}, in Vocabulary.
{Counter deed} (Law), a secret writing which destroys,
invalidates, or alters, a public deed.
{Counter distinction}, contradistinction. [Obs.]
{Counter drain}, a drain at the foot of the embankment of a
canal or watercourse, for carrying off the water that may
soak through.
{Counter extension} (Surg.), the fixation of the upper part
of a limb, while extension is practiced on the lower part,
as in cases of luxation or fracture.
{Counter fissure} (Surg.) Same as {Contrafissure}.
{Counter indication}. (Med.) Same as {Contraindication}.
{Counter irritant} (Med.), an irritant to produce a blister,
a pustular eruption, or other irritation in some part of
the body, in order to relieve an existing irritation in
some other part. ``Counter irritants are of as great use
in moral as in physical diseases.'' --Macaulay.
{Counter irritation} (Med.), the act or the result of
applying a counter irritant.
{Counter opening}, an aperture or vent on the opposite side,
or in a different place.
{Counter parole} (Mil.), a word in addition to the password,
given in time of alarm as a signal.
{Counter plea} (Law), a replication to a plea. --Cowell.
{Counter pressure}, force or pressure that acts in a contrary
direction to some other opposing pressure.
{Counter project}, a project, scheme, or proposal brought
forward in opposition to another, as in the negotiation of
a treaty. --Swift.
{Counter proof}, in engraving, a print taken off from another
just printed, which, by being passed through the press,
gives a copy in reverse, and of course in the same
position as that of plate from which the first was
printed, the object being to enable the engraver to
inspect the state of the plate.
{Counter revolution}, a revolution opposed to a former one,
and restoring a former state of things.
{Counter revolutionist}, one engaged in, or befriending, a
counter revolution.
{Counter round} (Mil.), a body of officers whose duty it is
to visit and inspect the rounds and sentinels.
{Counter sea} (Naut.), a sea running in an opposite direction
from the wind.
{Counter sense}, opposite meaning.
{Counter signal}, a signal to answer or correspond to
another.
{Counter signature}, the name of a secretary or other officer
countersigned to a writing. --Tooke.
{Counter slope}, an overhanging slope; as, a wall with a
counter slope. --Mahan.
{Counter statement}, a statement made in opposition to, or
denial of, another statement.
{Counter surety}, a counter bond, or a surety to secure one
who has given security.
{Counter tally}, a tally corresponding to another.
{Counter tide}, contrary tide.
Counter \Coun"ter\, n. [See {Counter}, adv., {Contra}.]
1. (Naut.) The after part of a vessel's body, from the water
line to the stern, -- below and somewhat forward of the
stern proper.
2. (Mus.) Same as {Contra}. Formerly used to designate any
under part which served for contrast to a principal part,
but now used as equivalent to {counter tenor}.
3. (Far.) The breast, or that part of a horse between the
shoulders and under the neck.
4. The back leather or heel part of a boot.
Counter \Coun"ter\ (koun"t?r), n.
An encounter. [Obs.]
With kindly counter under mimic shade. --Spenser.
Counter \Coun"ter\, v. i. (Boxing)
To return a blow while receiving one, as in boxing.
His left hand countered provokingly. --C. Kingsley.
Counteract \Coun`ter*act"\ (koun`t?r-?kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Counteracted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Counteracting}.]
To act in opposition to; to hinder, defeat, or frustrate, by
contrary agency or influence; as, to counteract the effect of
medicines; to counteract good advice.
Counteraction \Coun`ter*ac"tion\ (koun`t?r-?k"sh?n), n.
Action in opposition; hindrance resistance.
[They] do not . . . overcome the counteraction of a
false principle or of stubborn partiality. --Johnson.
Counteractive \Coun`ter*act"ive\ (-?kt"?v), a.
Tending to counteract.
Counteractive \Coun`ter*act"ive\, n.
One who, or that which, counteracts.
Counteractibely \Coun`ter*act"ibe*ly\, adv.
By counteraction.
Counterbalance \Coun`ter*bal"ance\ (-b?l"ans), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. {Counterbalanced} (-anst); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Counterbalancing}.]
To oppose with an equal weight or power; to counteract the
power or effect of; to countervail; to equiponderate; to
balance.
The remaining air was not able to counterbalance the
mercurial cylinder. --Boyle.
The cstudy of mind is necessary to counterbalance and
correct the influence of the study of nature. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Counterbalance \Coun"ter*bal`ance\ (koun"t?r-b?l`ans), n.
A weight, power, or agency, acting against or balancing
another; as:
(a) A mass of metal in one side of a driving wheel or fly
wheel, to balance the weight of a crank pin, etc., on the
opposite side of the wheel.
(b) A counterpoise to balance the weight of anything, as of a
drawbridge or a scale beam.
Money is the counterbalance to all other things
purchasable by it. --Locke.
Counterbore \Coun"ter*bore`\ (-b?r`), n.
1. A flat-bottomed cylindrical enlargement of the mouth of a
hole, usually of slight depth, as for receiving a
cylindrical screw head.
2. A kind of pin drill with the cutting edge or edges normal
to the axis; -- used for enlarging a hole, or for forming
a flat-bottomed recess at its mouth.
Counterbore \Coun`ter*bore"\ (koun`t?r-b?r"), v. t.
To form a counterbore in, by boring, turning, or drilling; to
enlarge, as a hole, by means of a counterbore.
Counter brace \Coun"ter brace`\ (br?s`).
1. (Naut.) The brace of the fore-topsail on the leeward side
of a vessel.
2. (Engin.) A brace, in a framed structure, which resists a
strain of a character opposite to that which a main brace
is designed to receive.
Note: In a quadrilateral system of bracing, the main brace is
usually in the direction of one diagonal, and the
counter brace in the direction of the other. Strains in
counter braces are occasioned by the live load only,
as, in a roof, by the wind, or, in a bridge, by a
moving train.
Counterbrace \Coun"ter*brace`\, v. t.
1. (Naut.) To brace in opposite directions; as, to
counterbrace the yards, i. e., to brace the head yards one
way and the after yards another.
2. (Engin.) To brace in such a way that opposite strains are
resisted; to apply counter braces to.
Counterbuff \Coun`ter*buff"\ (koun`t?r-b?f"), v. t.
To strike or drive back or in an opposite direction; to stop
by a blow or impulse in front. --Dryden.
Counterbuff \Coun"ter*buff`\ (koun"t?r-b?f`), n.
A blow in an opposite direction; a stroke that stops motion
or cause a recoil.
Countercast \Coun"ter*cast`\ (koun"t?r-k?st`), n.
A trick; a delusive contrivance. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Countercaster \Coun"ter*cast`er\ (-?r), n.
A caster of accounts; a reckoner; a bookkeeper; -- used
contemptuously.
Counterchange \Coun`ter*change"\ (koun`t[~e]r*ch[=a]nj), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. {Counterchanged} (-ch?njd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Counterchanging}.]
1. To give and receive; to cause to change places; to
exchange.
2. To checker; to diversify, as in heraldic counterchanging.
See {Counterchaged}, a., 2.
Witch-elms, that counterchange the floor Of this
flat lawn with dusk and bright. --Tennyson.
Counterchange \Coun"ter*change`\ (koun"t[~e]r*ch[=a]nj`), n.
Exchange; reciprocation.
Counterchanged \Coun`ter*changed"\ (-ch?njd"), a.
1. Exchanged.
2. (Her.) Having the tinctures exchanged mutually; thus, if
the field is divided palewise, or and azure, and cross is
borne counterchanged, that part of the cross which comes
on the azure side will be or, and that on the or side will
be azure.
Countercharge \Coun"ter*charge`\ (koun"t?r-ch?rj`), n.
An opposing charge.
Countercharm \Coun`ter*charm"\ (koun`t?r-ch?rm"), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. {Countercharmed} (-ch?rmd`); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Countercharming}.]
To destroy the effect of a charm upon.
Countercharm \Coun"ter*charm`\ (koun"t?r-ch?rm`), n.
That which has the power of destroying the effect of a charm.
Countercheck \Coun`ter*check"\ (koun`t?r-ch?k"), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. {Counterchecked} (-ch?ckt"); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Counterchecking}.]
To oppose or check by some obstacle; to check by a return
check.
Countercheck \Coun"ter*check`\ (koun"t?r-ch?k`), n.
1. A check; a stop; a rebuke, or censure to check a reprover.
2. Any force or device designed to restrain another
restraining force; a check upon a check.
The system of checks and counterchecks. --J. H.
Newton.
Counterclaim \Coun"ter*claim`\ (-kl[=a]m`), n. (Law)
A claim made by a person as an offset to a claim made on him.
Counter-compony \Coun"ter-com*po`ny\ (-k[o^]m*p[=o]`n[y^]), a.
(Her.)
See {Compony}.
Counter-couchant \Coun"ter-couch`ant\ (koun"t[~e]r*kouch"ant),
a. (Her.)
Lying down, with their heads in opposite directions; -- said
of animals borne in a coat of arms.
Counter-courant \Coun"ter-cou*rant"\ (-k??-r?nt"), a. (Her.)
Running in opposite directions; -- said of animals borne in a
coast of arms.
Countercurrent \Coun"ter*cur`rent\ (koun"t?r-k?r`-rent), a.
Running in an opposite direction.
Countercurrent \Coun"ter*cur`rent\, n.
A current running in an opposite direction to the main
current.
Counterdraw \Coun`ter*draw"\ (koun`t[~e]r*dr[add]"), v. t. [imp.
{Counterdrew} (-dr[udd]"); p. p. {Counterdrawn} (-dr?n"); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Counterdrawing}.]
To copy, as a design or painting, by tracing with a pencil on
oiled paper, or other transparent substance.
Counterfaisance \Coun"ter*fai"sance\ (koun"t?r-f?"zans), n.
See {Counterfesance}. [Obs.]
Counterfeit \Coun"ter*feit\ (koun"t?r-f?t), a. [F. contrefait,
p. p. of contrefaire to counterfeit; contre (L. contra) +
faire to make, fr. L. facere. See {Counter}, adv., and
{Fact}.]
1. Representing by imitation or likeness; having a
resemblance to something else; portrayed.
Look here upon this picture, and on this- The
counterfeit presentment of two brothers. --Shak.
2. Fabricated in imitation of something else, with a view to
defraud by passing the false copy for genuine or original;
as, counterfeit antiques; counterfeit coin. ``No
counterfeit gem.'' --Robinson (More's Utopia).
3. Assuming the appearance of something; false; spurious;
deceitful; hypocritical; as, a counterfeit philanthropist.
``An arrant counterfeit rascal.'' --Shak.
Syn: Forged; fictitious; spurious; false.
Counterfeit \Coun"ter*feit\, n.
1. That which resembles or is like another thing; a likeness;
a portrait; a counterpart.
Thou drawest a counterfeit Best in all Athens.
--Shak.
Even Nature's self envied the same, And grudged to
see the counterfeit should shame The thing itself.
--Spenser.
2. That which is made in imitation of something, with a view
to deceive by passing the false for the true; as, the bank
note was a counterfeit.
Never call a true piece of gold a counterfeit.
--Shak.
Some of these counterfeits are fabricated with such
exquisite taste and skill, that it is the
achievement of criticism to distinguish them from
originals. --Macaulay.
3. One who pretends to be what he is not; one who personates
another; an impostor; a cheat.
I fear thou art another counterfeit; And yet, in
faith, thou bear'st thee like a king. --Shak.
Counterfeit \Coun"ter*feit\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Counterfeited}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Counterfeiting}.]
1. To imitate, or put on a semblance of; to mimic; as, to
counterfeit the voice of another person.
Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee At
all his jokes, for many a joke had he. --Goldsmith.
2. To imitate with a view to deceiving, by passing the copy
for that which is original or genuine; to forge; as, to
counterfeit the signature of another, coins, notes, etc.
Counterfeit \Coun"ter*feit\, v. i.
1. To carry on a deception; to dissemble; to feign; to
pretend.
The knave counterfeits well; a good knave. --Shak.
2. To make counterfeits.
Counterfeiter \Coun"ter*feit`er\ (-f?t`?r), n.
1. One who counterfeits; one who copies or imitates;
especially, one who copies or forges bank notes or coin; a
forger.
The coin which was corrupted by counterfeiters.
--Camden.
2. One who assumes a false appearance or semblance; one who
makes false pretenses.
Counterfeiters of devotion. --Sherwood.
Counterfeitly \Coun"ter*feit`ly\, adv.
By forgery; falsely.
Counterfesance \Coun"ter*fe`sance\ (-f?"zans), n. [OF.
contrefaisance, fr. contrefaire. See {Counterfeit}, a.]
The act of forging; forgery. [Obs.] [Written also
{counterfaisance}.]
Counterfleury \Coun"ter*fleu`ry\ (koun"t?r-fl?`r?), a. [F.
contrefleuri.] (Her.)
Counterflory.
Counterflory \Coun"ter*flo`ry\ (-fl?`r?), a. [See
{Counterfleury}.] (Her.)
Adorned with flowers (usually fleurs-de-lis) so divided that
the tops appear on one side and the bottoms on the others; --
said of any ordinary.
Counterfoil \Coun"ter*foil`\ (-foil), n. [Counter- + foil a
leaf.]
1. That part of a tally, formerly in the exchequer, which was
kept by an officer in that court, the other, called the
stock, being delivered to the person who had lent the king
money on the account; -- called also {counterstock}.
[Eng.]
2. The part of a writing (as the stub of a bank check) in
which are noted the main particulars contained in the
corresponding part, which has been issued.
Counterforce \Coun"ter*force`\ (-f?rs`), n.
An opposing force.
Counterfort \Coun"ter*fort`\ (-f?rt`), n.
1. (Fort.) A kind of buttress of masonry to strengthen a
revetment wall.
2. A spur or projection of a mountain. --Imp. Dict.
Countergage \Coun"ter*gage`\ (-g[=a]j`), n. (Carp.)
An adjustable gage, with double points for transferring
measurements from one timber to another, as the breadth of a
mortise to the place where the tenon is to be made. --Knight.
Counterguard \Coun"ter*guard`\ (koun"t[~e]r*g[aum]rd`), n.
(Fort.)
A low outwork before a bastion or ravelin, consisting of two
lines of rampart parallel to the faces of the bastion, and
protecting them from a breaching fire.
Counterirritant \Coun"ter*ir`ri*tant\ (-?r"r?-tant), n.,
Counterirritation \Coun"ter*ir`ri*ta"tion\, n.
See {Counter irritant}, etc., under {Counter}, a.
Counterirritate \Coun"ter*ir"ri*tate\ (koun"t[~e]r-?r"r?-t?t),
v. t. (Med.)
To produce counter irritation in; to treat with one morbid
process for the purpose of curing another.
Counterjumper \Coun"ter*jump`er\ (koun"t[~e]r-j?mp`?r), n.
A salesman in a shop; a shopman; -- used contemptuously.
[Slang]
Counterman \Coun"ter*man\ (koun"t[~e]r*man), n.; pl.
{Countermen} (-men).
A man who attends at the counter of a shop to sell goods.
[Eng.]
Countermand \Coun`ter*mand"\ (koun`t[~e]r*m[.a]nd"), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. {Countermanded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Countermanding}.]
[F. contremander; contre (L. contra) + mander to command, fr.
L. mandare. Cf. {Mandate}.]
1. To revoke (a former command); to cancel or rescind by
giving an order contrary to one previously given; as, to
countermand an order for goods.
2. To prohibit; to forbid. [Obs.]
Avicen countermands letting blood in choleric
bodles. --Harvey.
3. To oppose; to revoke the command of.
For us to alter anything, is to lift ourselves
against God; and, as it were, to countermand him.
--Hooker.
Countermand \Coun"ter*mand\ (koun"t[~e]r*m[.a]nd), n.
A contrary order; revocation of a former order or command.
Have you no countermand for Claudio yet, But he must
die to-morrow? --Shak.
Countermandable \Coun`ter*mand"a*ble\ (-m?nd"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being countermanded; revocable. --Bacon.
Countermarch \Coun`ter*march"\ (koun`t?r-m?rch"), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. {Countermarched} (-m?rcht"); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Countermarching}.] (Mil.)
To march back, or to march in reversed order.
The two armies marched and countermarched, drew near
and receded. --Macaulay.
Countermarch \Coun"ter*march`\ (koun"t?r-m?rch`), n.
1. A marching back; retrocession.
2. (Mil.) An evolution by which a body of troops change front
or reverse the direction of march while retaining the same
men in the front rank; also, a movement by which the rear
rank becomes the front one, either with or without
changing the right to the left.
3. A change of measures; alteration of conduct.
Such countermarches and retractions as we do not
willingly impute to wisdom. --T. Burnet.
Countermark \Coun"ter*mark`\ (-m?rk`), n.
1. A mark or token added to those already existing, in order
to afford security or proof; as, an additional or special
mark put upon a package of goods belonging to several
persons, that it may not be opened except in the presence
of all; a mark added to that of an artificer of gold or
silver work by the Goldsmiths' Company of London, to
attest the standard quality of the gold or silver; a mark
added to an ancient coin or medal, to show either its
change of value or that it was taken from an enemy.
2. (Far.) An artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses
that have outgrown their natural mark, to disguise their
age.
Countermark \Coun`ter*mark"\ (koun`t[~e]r*m[aum]rk"), v. t.
To apply a countermark to; as, to countermark silverware; to
countermark a horse's teeth.
Countermine \Coun"ter*mine`\ (koun"t[~e]r*m[imac]n`), n.
[Counter- + mine underground gallery: cf. F. contermine.]
1. (Mil.) An underground gallery excavated to intercept and
destroy the mining of an enemy.
2. A stratagem or plot by which another sratagem or project
is defeated.
Thinking himself contemned, knowing no countermine
against contempt but terror. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Countermine \Coun`ter*mine"\ (koun`t[~e]r*m[imac]n"), v. t. [Cf.
F. contreminer.] [imp. & p. p. {Countermined}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Countermining}.]
1. (Mil.) To oppose by means of a countermine; to intercept
with a countermine.
2. To frustrate or counteract by secret measures.
Countermine \Coun`ter*mine"\, v. i.
To make a countermine or counterplot; to plot secretly.
'Tis hard for man to countermine with God. --Chapman.
Countermove \Coun`ter*move"\ (koun`t?r-m??v"), v. t. & i.
To move in a contrary direction to.
Countermove \Coun"ter*move`\ (-m??v`), n. Countermovement
\Coun"ter*move`ment\ (-ment).
A movement in opposition to another.
Countermure \Coun"ter*mure`\ (-m?r`), n. [Counter- + mure: cf.
F. contremur.] (Fort.)
A wall raised behind another, to supply its place when
breached or destroyed. [R.] Cf. {Contramure}. --Knolles.
Countermure \Coun`ter*mure"\ (koun`t?r-m?r"), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. {Countermured} (-m?rd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Countermuring}.]
[Cf. F. contremurer.]
To fortify with a wall behind another wall. [R.] --Kyd.
Counternatural \Coun"ter*nat`u*ral\ (koun"t?r-n?t`?-ral; 135),
a.
Contrary to nature. [R.] --Harvey.
Counter-paly \Coun"ter-pa`ly\ (-p?`l?), a. [F. contre-pal['e].]
(Her.)
Paly, and then divided fesswise, so that each vertical piece
is cut into two, having the colors used alternately or
counterchanged. Thus the escutcheon in the illustration may
also be blazoned paly of six per fess counterchanged argent
and azure.
Counterpane \Coun"ter*pane`\ (koun"t?r-p?n`), n. [See
{Counterpoint}, corrupted into counterpane, from the
employment of pane-shaped figures in these coverlets. ]
A coverlet for a bed, -- originally stitched or woven in
squares or figures.
On which a tissue counterpane was cast. --Drayton.
Counterpane \Coun"ter*pane`\, n. [OF. contrepan a pledge,
security; contre + pan a skirt, also, a pawn or gage, F. pan
a skirt. See {Pane}, and cf. {Pawn}.] (O. Law)
A duplicate part or copy of an indenture, deed, etc.,
corresponding with the original; -- now called counterpart.
Read, scribe; give me the counterpane. --B. Jonson.
Counterpart \Coun"ter*part`\ (koun"t?r-p?rt`), n.
1. A part corresponding to another part; anything which
answers, or corresponds, to another; a copy; a duplicate;
a facsimile.
In same things the laws of Normandy agreed with the
laws of England, so that they seem to be, as it
were, copies or counterparts one of another. --Sir
M. Hale.
2. (Law) One of two corresponding copies of an instrument; a
duplicate.
3. A person who closely resembles another.
4. A thing may be applied to another thing so as to fit
perfectly, as a seal to its impression; hence, a thing
which is adapted to another thing, or which supplements
it; that which serves to complete or complement anything;
hence, a person or thing having qualities lacking in
another; an opposite.
O counterpart Of our soft sex, well are you made our
lords. --Dryden.
Counterpassant \Coun"ter*pas`sant\ (-p?s"sant), a. [Counter- +
passant: cf. F. contrepassant.] (Her.)
Passant in opposite directions; -- said of two animals.
Counterplead \Coun`ter*plead"\ (koun`t?r-pl?d"), v. t.
To plead the contrary of; to plead against; to deny.
Counterplot \Coun`ter*plot"\ (koun`t?r-pl?t"), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. {Counterplotted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Counterplotting}.]
To oppose, as another plot, by plotting; to attempt to
frustrate, as a stratagem, by stratagem.
Every wile had proved abortive, every plot had been
counterplotted. --De Quinsey.
Counterplot \Coun"ter*plot`\ (koun"t?r-pl?t`), n.
A plot or artifice opposed to another. --L'Estrange.
Counterpoint \Coun"ter*point`\ (koun"t?r-point`), n. [Counter- +
point.]
An opposite point [Obs.] --Sir E. Sandys.
Counterpoint \Coun"ter*point`\, n. [F. contrepoint; cf. It.
contrappunto. Cf. {Contrapuntal}.] (Mus.)
(a) The setting of note against note in harmony; the adding
of one or more parts to a given {canto fermo} or melody.
(b) The art of polyphony, or composite melody, i. e., melody
not single, but moving attended by one or more related
melodies.
(c) Music in parts; part writing; harmony; polyphonic music.
See {Polyphony}.
Counterpoint, an invention equivalent to a new
creation of music. --Whewell.
Counterpoint \Coun"ter*point`\, n. [OF. contrepoincte,
corruption of earlier counstepointe, countepointe, F.
courtepointe, fr. L. culcita cushion, mattress (see {Quilt},
and cf. {Cushion}) + puncta, fem. p. p. of pungere to prick
(see {Point}). The word properly meant a stitched quilt, with
the colors broken one into another.]
A coverlet; a cover for a bed, often stitched or broken into
squares; a counterpane. See 1st {Counterpane}.
Embroidered coverlets or counterpoints of purple silk.
--Sir T.
North.
Counterpoise \Coun"ter*poise`\ (koun"t?r-poiz`; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. {Counterpoised} (-poizd`); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Counterpoising}.] [OE. countrepesen, counterpeisen, F.
contrepeser. See {Counter}, adv., and {Poise}, v. t. ]
1. To act against with equal weight; to equal in weight; to
balance the weight of; to counterbalance.
Weights, counterpoising one another. --Sir K.
Digby.
2. To act against with equal power; to balance.
So many freeholders of English will be able to beard
and counterpoise the rest. --Spenser.
Counterpoise \Coun"ter*poise`\ (koun"t?r-poiz`), n. [OE.
countrepese, OF. contrepois, F. contrepods. See {Counter},
adv., and {Poise}, n.]
1. A weight sufficient to balance another, as in the opposite
scale of a balance; an equal weight.
Fastening that to our exact balance, we put a
metalline counterpoise into the opposite scale.
--Boyle.
2. An equal power or force acting in opposition; a force
sufficient to balance another force.
The second nobles are a counterpoise to the higher
nobility, that they grow not too potent. --Bacon.
3. The relation of two weights or forces which balance each
other; equilibrium; equiponderance.
The pendulous round eart, with balanced air, In
counterpoise. --Milton.
Counterpole \Coun"ter*pole`\ (-p?l`), n.
The exact opposite.
The German prose offers the counterpole to the French
style. --De Quincey.
Counterponderate \Coun`ter*pon"der*ate\ (-p?n"d?r-?t), v. t.
To equal in weight; to counterpoise; to equiponderate.
Counterprove \Coun`ter*prove"\ (koun`t?r-pr??v"), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. {Counterproved} (-pr??vd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Counterproving}.]
To take a counter proof of, or a copy in reverse, by taking
an impression directly from the face of an original. See
{Counter proof}, under {Counter}.
Counter-roll \Coun"ter-roll`\ (-r?l`), n. [Cf. {Control}.] (O.
Eng. Law)
A duplicate roll (record or account) kept by an officer as a
check upon another officer's roll. --Burrill.
Note: As a verb this word is contracted into control. See
{Control}.
Counterrolment \Coun`ter*rol"ment\ (koun`t?r-r?l"ment), n.
A counter account. See {Control}. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Counter-salient \Coun`ter-sa"li*ent\ (-s?"l?-e]/>nt or
-s?l"yent; 106), a. (Her.)
Leaping from each other; -- said of two figures on a coast of
arms.
Counterscale \Coun"ter*scale`\ (koun"t?r-sk?l`), n.
Counterbalance; balance, as of one scale against another.
[Obs.] --Howell.
Counterscarf \Coun"ter*scarf`\ (-sk?rf`), n. [Counter- + scarp:
cf. F. contrescarpe.] (Fort.)
The exterior slope or wall of the ditch; -- sometimes, the
whole covered way, beyond the ditch, with its parapet and
glacis; as, the enemy have lodged themselves on the
counterscarp.
Counterseal \Coun`ter*seal"\ (koun`t?r-s?l"), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. {Countersealed} (-s?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Countersealing}.]
To seal or ratify with another or others. --Shak.
Countersecure \Coun`ter*se*cure"\ (-s?-k?r"), v. t.
To give additional security to or for. --Burke.
Countershaft \Coun"ter*shaft`\ (koun"t?r-sh?ft`), n. (Mach.)
An intermediate shaft; esp., one which receives motion from a
line shaft in a factory and transmits it to a machine.
Countersign \Coun`ter*sign"\ (-s?n`; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Countersigned} (-s?nd`); p. pr. & vb. n. {Countersigning}.]
[Counter- + sign: cf. F. contresigner.]
To sign on the opposite side of (an instrument or writing);
hence, to sign in addition to the signature of a principal or
superior, in order to attest the authenticity of a writing.
Countersign \Coun"ter*sign`\, a.
1. The signature of a secretary or other officer to a writing
signed by a principal or superior, to attest its
authenticity.
2. (Mil.) A private signal, word, or phrase, which must be
given in order to pass a sentry; a watchword.
Countersink \Coun"ter*sink`\ (koun"t[~e]r*s[i^][ng]k`; 277), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. {Countersunk} (-s[u^][ng]k`); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Countersinking}.]
1. To chamfer or form a depression around the top of (a hole
in wood, metal, etc.) for the reception of the head of a
screw or bolt below the surface, either wholly or in part;
as, to countersink a hole for a screw.
2. To cause to sink even with or below the surface; as, to
countersink a screw or bolt into woodwork.
Countersink \Coun"ter*sink`\, n.
1. An enlargement of the upper part of a hole, forming a
cavity or depression for receiving the head of a screw or
bolt.
Note: In the United States a flaring cavity formed by
chamfering the edges of a round hole is called a
countersink, while a cylindrical flat-bottomed
enlargement of the mouth of the hole is usually called
{a conterbore}.
2. A drill or cutting tool for countersinking holes.
Counterstand \Coun"ter*stand`\ (-st?nd`), n.
Resistance; opposition; a stand against.
Making counterstand to Robert Guiscard. --Longfellow.
Counterstep \Coun"ter*step`\ (koun"t?r-st?p`), n.
A contrary method of procedure; opposite course of action.
Counterstock \Coun"ter*stock`\ (-st?k`), n.
See {Counterfoil}.
Counterstroke \Coun"ter*stroke`\ (-str?k`), n.
A stroke or blow in return. --Spenser.
Countersunk \Coun"ter*sunk`\ (-s?nk`), p. p. & a. from
{Countersink}.
1. Chamfered at the top; -- said of a hole.
2. Sunk into a chamfer; as, a countersunk bolt.
3. Beveled on the lower side, so as to fit a chamfered
countersink; as, a countersunk nailhead.
Countersway \Coun"ter*sway`\ (-sw[=a]`), n.
A swaying in a contrary direction; an opposing influence.
[Obs.]
A countersway of restraint, curbing their wild
exorbitance. --Milton.
Counter tenor \Coun"ter ten`or\ (t?n`?r). [OF. contreteneur. Cf.
{Contratenor}, and see {Tenor} a part in music.] (Mus.)
One of the middle parts in music, between the tenor and the
treble; high tenor.
{Counter-tenor clef} (Mus.), the C clef when placed on the
third line; -- also called {alto clef}.
Counterterm \Coun"ter*term`\ (-t?rm`), n.
A term or word which is the opposite of, or antithesis to,
another; an antonym; -- the opposite of synonym; as, ``foe''
is the counterterm of ``friend''. --C. J. Smith.
Countertime \Coun"ter*time`\ (-t?m`), n.
1. (Man.) The resistance of a horse, that interrupts his
cadence and the measure of his manege, occasioned by a bad
horseman, or the bad temper of the horse.
2. Resistance; opposition. [Obs.]
Give not shus the countertime to fate. --Dryden.
Countertrippant \Coun"ter*trip`pant\ (-tr?p`pant), a. (Her.)
Trippant in opposite directions. See {Trippant}.
Countertripping \Coun"ter*trip`ping\ (-tr?p`p?ng), a. (Her.)
Same as {Countertrippant}.
Counterturn \Coun"ter*turn`\ (-t?rn`), n.
The critical moment in a play, when, contrary to expectation,
the action is embroiled in new difficulties. --Dryden.
Countervail \Coun`ter*vail"\ (koun`t?r-v?l"), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. {Countervailed} (-v?ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Countervailing}.] [OF. contrevaloir; contre (L. contra) +
valoir to avail, fr. L. valere to be strong, avail. See
{Vallant}.]
To act against with equal force, power, or effect; to thwart
or overcome by such action; to furnish an equivalent to or
for; to counterbalance; to compensate.
Upon balancing the account, the profit at last will
hardly countervail the inconveniences that go allong
with it. --L'Estrange.
Countervail \Coun"ter*vail`\ (koun"t?r-v?l`), n.
Power or value sufficient to obviate any effect; equal
weight, strength, or value; equivalent; compensation;
requital. [Obs.]
Surely, the present pleasure of a sinful act is a poor
countervail for the bitterness of the review. --South.
Countervallation \Coun`ter*val*la"tion\ (-v?l-l?"s??n), n.
(Fort.)
See {Contravallation}.
Counterview \Coun"ter*view`\ (koun"t?r-v?`), n.
1. An opposite or opposing view; opposition; a posture in
which two persons front each other.
Within the gates of hell sat Death and Sin, In
counterview. --Milton
M. Peisse has ably advocated the counterview in his
preface and appendix. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. A position in which two dissimilar things illustrate each
other by opposition; contrast.
I have drawn some lines of Linger's character, on
purpose to place it in counterview, or contrast with
that of the other company. --Swift.
Countervote \Coun`ter*vote"\ (koun`t[~e]r*v[=o]t"), v. t.
To vote in opposition to; to balance or overcome by voting;
to outvote. --Dr. J. Scott.
Counterwait \Coun`ter*wait"\ (koun`t[~e]r*w[=a]t"), v. t.
To wait or watch for; to be on guard against. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Counterweigh \Coun`ter*weigh"\ (-w[=a]"), v. t.
To weigh against; to counterbalance.
Counter weight \Coun"ter *weight`\ (-w[=a]t`), n.
A counterpoise.
Counterwheel \Coun`ter*wheel"\ (-hw[=e]l"), v. t. (Mil.)
To cause to wheel or turn in an opposite direction.
Counterwork \Coun`ter*work"\ (-w[^u]rk"), v. t.
To work in opposition to; to counteract.
That counterworks each folly and caprice. --Pope.
Countess \Count"ess\ (kount"?s), n.; pl. {Countesses} (-?s). [F.
comtesse. See {Count} a nobleman.]
The wife of an earl in the British peerage, or of a count in
the Continental nobility; also, a lady possessed of the same
dignity in her own right. See the Note under {Count}.
Countinghouse \Count"ing*house`\ (kount"?ng-hous`), Countingroom
\Count"ing*room`\ (kount"?ng-r??m`), n. [See {Count}, v.]
The house or room in which a merchant, trader, or
manufacturer keeps his books and transacts business.
Countless \Count"less\ (-l?s), a.
Incapable of being counted; not ascertainable; innumerable.
Countor \Count"or\ (kount"?r), n. [From {Count}, v. t. (in sense
4).] (O. Eng. Law)
An advocate or professional pleader; one who counted for his
client, that is, orally pleaded his cause. [Obs.] --Burrill.
Countour \Coun*tour"\ (k??n-t??r"), Countourhouse
\Coun*tour"house`\ (-hous`), n. [See 2d {Counter}.]
A merchant's office; a countinghouse. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Countre- \Coun"tre-\ (koun"ter-).
Same as prefix {Counter-}. [Obs.]
Countreplete \Coun`tre*plete"\ (-pl?t"), v. t. [Countre- + plete
to plead.]
To counterplead. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Countretaille \Coun"tre*taille`\ (koun"t?r-t?l`), n. [F.
contretaille; contre (L. contra) + taille cut. See {Tally}.]
A counter tally; correspondence (in sound). [Obs.]
{At the countretaille}, in return. --Chaucer.
Countrified \Coun"tri*fied\ (k?n"tr?-f?ld), p. a.
Having the appearance and manners of a rustic; rude.
As being one who took no pride, And was a deal too
countrified. --Lloyd.
Countrify \Coun"tri*fy\ (k?n"tr?-f?), v. t.
To give a rural appearance to; to cause to appear rustic.
--Lamb.
Country \Coun"try\ (k?n"tr?), n.; pl. {Countries} (-tr?z). [F.
contr['e]e, LL. contrata, fr. L. contra over against, on the
opposite side. Cf. {Counter}, adv., {Contra}.]
1. A tract of land; a region; the territory of an independent
nation; (as distinguished from any other region, and with
a personal pronoun) the region of one's birth, permanent
residence, or citizenship.
Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred. --Gen.
xxxxii. 9.
I might have learned this by my last exile, that
change of countries cannot change my state.
--Stirling.
Many a famous realm And country, whereof here needs
no account --Milton.
2. Rural regions, as opposed to a city or town.
As they walked, on their way into the country.
--Mark xvi. 12
(Rev. Ver. ).
God made the covatry, and man made the town.
--Cowper.
Only very great men were in the habit of dividing
the year between town and country. --Macaulay.
3. The inhabitants or people of a state or a region; the
populace; the public. Hence:
(a) One's constituents.
(b) The whole body of the electors of state; as, to
dissolve Parliament and appeal to the country.
All the country in a general voice Cried hate
upon him. --Shak.
4. (Law)
(a) A jury, as representing the citizens of a country.
(b) The inhabitants of the district from which a jury is
drawn.
5. (Mining.) The rock through which a vein runs.
{Conclusion to the country}. See under {Conclusion}.
{To put, or throw, one's self upon the country}, to appeal to
one's constituents; to stand trial before a jury.
Country \Coun"try\, a.
1. Pertaining to the regions remote from a city; rural;
rustic; as, a country life; a country town; the country
party, as opposed to city.
2. Destitute of refinement; rude; unpolished; rustic; not
urbane; as, country manners.
3. Pertaining, or peculiar, to one's own country.
She, bowing herself towards him, laughing the cruel
tyrant to scorn, spake in her country language. --2
Macc. vii. 27.
Country-base \Coun"try-base`\ (-b?s`), n.
Same as {Prison base}.
Country-dance \Coun"try-dance`\ (-d?ns`), n. [Prob. an
adaptation of contradance.]
See {Contradance}.
He had introduced the English country-dance to the
knowledge of the Dutch ladies. --Macaulay.
Countryman \Coun"try*man\ (k[u^]n"tr[i^]-man), n.; pl.
{Countrymen} (-men).
1. An inhabitant or native of a region. --Shak.
2. One born in the same country with another; a compatriot;
-- used with a possessive pronoun.
In perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils
by mine own countrymen. --2 Cor. xi.
26.
3. One who dwells in the country, as distinguished from a
townsman or an inhabitant of a city; a rustic; a
husbandman or farmer.
A simple countryman that brought her figs. --Shak.
Country seat \Coun"try seat`\ (k?n"tr? s?t`).
A dwelling in the country, used as a place of retirement from
the city.
Countryside \Coun"try*side`\ (-s?d`), n.
A particular rural district; a country neighborhood. [Eng.]
--W. Black. Blackmore.
Countrywoman \Coun"try*wom`an\ (-w??m`an), n.; pl.
{Countrywomen} (-w?m`?n).
A woman born, or dwelling, in the country, as opposed to the
city; a woman born or dwelling in the same country with
another native or inhabitant. --Shak.
Count-wheel \Count"-wheel`\ (kount"hw?l`), n.
The wheel in a clock which regulates the number of strokes.
County \Coun"ty\ (koun"t?), n.; pl. {Counties} (-t?z). [F.
comt?, fr. LL. comitatus. See {Count}.]
1. An earldom; the domain of a count or earl. [Obs.]
2. A circuit or particular portion of a state or kingdom,
separated from the rest of the territory, for certain
purposes in the administration of justice and public
affairs; -- called also a {shire}. See {Shire}.
Every county, every town, every family, was in
agitation. --Macaulay.
3. A count; an earl or lord. [Obs.] --Shak.
{County commissioners}. See {Commissioner}.
{County corporate}, a city or town having the privilege to be
a county by itself, and to be governed by its own sheriffs
and other magistrates, irrespective of the officers of the
county in which it is situated; as London, York, Bristol,
etc. [Eng.] --Mozley & W.
{County court}, a court whose jurisdiction is limited to
county.
{County palatine}, a county distinguished by particular
privileges; -- so called a palatio (from the palace),
because the owner had originally royal powers, or the same
powers, in the administration of justice, as the king had
in his palace; but these powers are now abridged. The
counties palatine, in England, are Lancaster, Chester, and
Durham.
{County rates}, rates levied upon the county, and collected
by the boards of guardians, for the purpose of defraying
the expenses to which counties are liable, such as
repairing bridges, jails, etc. [Eng.]
{County seat}, a county town. [U.S.]
{County sessions}, the general quarter sessions of the peace
for each county, held four times a year. [Eng.]
{County town}, the town of a county, where the county
business is transacted; a shire town.
Coup \Coup\ (k??), n. [F., fr.L. colaphus a cuff, Gr. ????.]
A sudden stroke; an unexpected device or stratagem; -- a term
used in various ways to convey the idea of promptness and
force.
{Coup de grace} (k??" de gr?s") [F.], the stroke of mercy
with which an executioner ends by death the sufferings of
the condemned; hence, a decisive, finishing stroke.
{Coup de main} (k??` de m?n`) [F.] (Mil.), a sudden and
unexpected movement or attack.
{Coup de soleil} (k??` d s?-l?l or -l?"y') [F.] (Med.), a
sunstroke. See {Sunstroke}.
{Coup d'['e]tat} (k??" d?-t?") [F.] (Politics), a sudden,
decisive exercise of power whereby the existing government
is subverted without the consent of the people; an
unexpected measure of state, more or less violent; a
stroke of policy.
{Coup d'[oe]il} (k[=oo]` d[~e]l"). [F.]
(a) A single view; a rapid glance of the eye; a comprehensive
view of a scene; as much as can be seen at one view.
(b) The general effect of a picture.
(c) (Mil.) The faculty or the act of comprehending at a
glance the weakness or strength of a military position,
of a certain arrangement of troops, the most advantageous
position for a battlefield, etc.
Coupable \Cou"pa*ble\ (k[=oo]"p[.a]*b'l), a. [F.]
Culpable. [Obs.]
Coup'e \Cou`p['e]"\ (k[=oo]`p[asl]"), n. [F., fr. coup['e], p.
p. of couper to cut. See {Coppice}.]
1. The front compartment of a French diligence; also, the
front compartment (usually for three persons) of a car or
carriage on British railways.
2. A four-wheeled close carriage for two persons inside, with
an outside seat for the driver; -- so called because
giving the appearance of a larger carriage cut off.
Couped \Couped\ (k??pt), a. [F. couper to cut.] (Her.)
Cut off smoothly, as distinguished from erased; -- used
especially for the head or limb of an animal. See {Erased}.
Coupee \Cou*pee"\ (k??-p?"; F. k??`p?), n. [F. coup['e], n.,
properly p. p. of couper to cut. Cf. {Coup['e]}, {Coopee}.]
A motion in dancing, when one leg is a little bent, and
raised from the floor, and with the other a forward motion is
made. --Chambers.
Coupe-gorge \Coupe`-gorge"\ (k??p`g?rzh"), n. [F., cut throat.]
(Mil.)
Any position giving the enemy such advantage that the troops
occupying it must either surrender or be cut to pieces.
--Farrow.
Couple \Cou"ple\ (k?p"'l), n. [F. couple, fr. L. copula a bond,
band; co- + apere, aptum, to join. See {Art}, a., and cf.
{Copula}.]
1. That which joins or links two things together; a bond or
tie; a coupler. [Obs.]
It is in some sort with friends as it is with dogs
in couples; they should be of the same size and
humor. --L'Estrange.
I'll go in couples with her. --Shak.
2. Two of the same kind connected or considered together; a
pair; a brace. ``A couple of shepherds.'' --Sir P. Sidney.
``A couple of drops'' --Addison. ``A couple of miles.''
--Dickens. ``A couple of weeks.'' --Carlyle.
Adding one to one we have the complex idea of a
couple. --Locke.
[Ziba] met him with a couple of asses saddled. --2
Sam. xvi. 1.
3. A male and female associated together; esp., a man and
woman who are married or betrothed.
Such were our couple, man and wife. --Lloyd.
Fair couple linked in happy, nuptial league.
--Milton.
4. (Arch.) See {Couple-close}.
5. (Elec.) One of the pairs of plates of two metals which
compose a voltaic battery; -- called a voltaic couple or
galvanic couple.
6. (Mech.) Two rotations, movements, etc., which are equal in
amount but opposite in direction, and acting along
parallel lines or around parallel axes.
Note: The effect of a couple of forces is to produce a
rotation. A couple of rotations is equivalent to a
motion of translation.
Couple \Cou"ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coupled} (k?p"'ld); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Coupling} (-l?ng).] [F. coupler, fr. L.
copulare. See {Couple}, n., and cf. {Copulate}, {Cobble}, v.]
1. To link or tie, as one thing to another; to connect or
fasten together; to join.
Huntsman, I charge thee, tender well my hounds, . .
. And couple Clowder with the deep-mouthed brach.
--Shak.
2. To join in wedlock; to marry. [Colloq.]
A parson who couples all our beggars. --Swift.
Couple \Cou"ple\, v. i.
To come together as male and female; to copulate. [Obs.]
--Milton. Bacon.
Couple-beggar \Cou"ple-beg`gar\ (-b?g`g?r), n.
One who makes it his business to marry beggars to each other.
--Swift.
Couple-close \Cou"ple-close`\ (k?p"?-kl?s`), n.; pl.
{Couple-closes} (-kl?"s?z).
1. (Her.) A diminutive of the chevron, containing one fourth
of its surface. Couple-closes are generally borne one on
each side of a chevron, and the blazoning may then be
either a chevron between two couple-closes or chevron
cottised.
2. (Arch.) A pair of rafters framed together with a tie fixed
at their feet, or with a collar beam. [Engl.]
Couplement \Cou"ple*ment\ (k?p"'l-ment), n. [Cf. OF.
couplement.]
Union; combination; a coupling; a pair. [Obs.] --Shak.
And forth together rode, a goodly couplement.
--Spenser.
Coupler \Coup"ler\ (k?p"l?r), n.
One who couples; that which couples, as a link, ring, or
shackle, to connect cars.
{Coupler of an organ}, a contrivance by which any two or more
of the ranks of keys, or keys and pedals, are connected so
as to act together when the organ is played.
Couplet \Coup"let\ (-l?t), n. [F. couplet, dim. of couple. See
{Couple}, n. ]
Two taken together; a pair or couple; especially two lines of
verse that rhyme with each other.
A sudden couplet rushes on your mind. --Crabbe.
Coupling \Coup"ling\ (-l?ng), n.
1. The act of bringing or coming together; connection; sexual
union.
2. (Mach.) A device or contrivance which serves to couple or
connect adjacent parts or objects; as, a belt coupling,
which connects the ends of a belt; a car coupling, which
connects the cars in a train; a shaft coupling, which
connects the ends of shafts.
{Box coupling}, {Chain coupling}. See under {Box}, Chain.
{Coupling box}, a coupling shaped like a journal box, for
clamping together the ends of two shafts, so that they may
revolve together.
{Coupling pin}, a pin or bolt used in coupling or joining
together railroad cars, etc.
Coupon \Cou"pon\ (k??"p?n; F. k??`p?n"), n. [F., fr. couper to
cut, cut off. See {Coppice}.]
1. (Com.) A certificate of interest due, printed at the
bottom of transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.),
given for a term of years, designed to be cut off and
presented for payment when the interest is due; an
interest warrant.
2. A section of a ticket, showing the holder to be entitled
to some specified accomodation or service, as to a passage
over a designated line of travel, a particular seat in a
theater, or the like.
Coupure \Cou*pure"\ (k??-p?r"), n. [F., fr. couper to cut.]
(Fort.)
A passage cut through the glacis to facilitate sallies by the
besieged. --Wilhelm.
Courage \Cour"age\ (k?r"?j;48), n. [OE. corage heart, mind,
will, courage, OF. corage, F. courage, fr. a LL. derivative
of L. cor heart. See {Heart}.]
1. The heart; spirit; temper; disposition. [Obs.]
So priketh hem nature in here corages. --Chaucer.
My lord, cheer up your spirits; our foes are nigh,
and this soft courage makes your followers faint.
--Shak.
2. Heart; inclination; desire; will. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
I'd such a courage to do him good. --Shak.
3. That quality of mind which enables one to encounter danger
and difficulties with firmness, or without fear, or
fainting of heart; valor; boldness; resolution.
The king-becoming graces . . . Devotion, patience,
courage, fortitude, I have no relish of them.
--Shak.
Courage that grows from constitution often forsakes
a man when he has occasion for it. --Addison.
Syn: Heroism; bravery; intrepidity; valor; gallantry; daring;
firmness; hardihood; boldness; dauntlessness;
resolution.
Usage: See {Heroism}. -- {Courage}, {Bravery}, {Fortitude},
{Intrepidity}, {Gallantry}, {Valor}. Courage is that
firmness of spirit and swell of soul which meets
danger without fear. Bravery is daring and impetuous
courage, like that of one who has the reward
continually in view, and displays his courage in
daring acts. Fortitude has often been styled ``passive
courage,'' and consist in the habit of encountering
danger and enduring pain with a steadfast and unbroken
spirit. Valor is courage exhibited in war, and can not
be applied to single combats; it is never used
figuratively. Intrepidity is firm, unshaken courage.
Gallantry is adventurous courage, which courts danger
with a high and cheerful spirit. A man may show
courage, fortitude, or intrepidity in the common
pursuits of life, as well as in war. Valor, bravery,
and gallantry are displayed in the contest of arms.
Valor belongs only to battle; bravery may be shown in
single combat; gallantry may be manifested either in
attack or defense; but in the latter ease, the defense
is usually turned into an attack.
Couage \Cou"age\, v. t.
To inspire with courage. [Obs.]
Paul writeth unto Timothy . . . to courage him.
--Tyndale.
Courageous \Cour*a"geous\ (k?r-?"j?s), a. [F. courageux.]
Possessing, or characterized by, courage; brave; bold.
With this victory, the women became most courageous and
proud, and the men waxed . . . fearful and desperate.
--Stow.
Syn: Gallant; brave; bold; daring; valiant; valorous; heroic;
intrepid; fearless; hardy; stout; adventurous;
enterprising. See {Gallant}.
Courageously \Cour*a"geous*ly\, adv.
In a courageous manner.
Courageousness \Cour*a"geous*ness\, n.
The quality of being courageous; courage.
Courant \Cou*rant"\ (k??-r?nt"), a. [F., p. pr. of courir to
run, L. currere. Cf. {Current}.] (Her.)
Represented as running; -- said of a beast borne in a coat of
arms.
Courant \Cou*rant"\ (k??-r?nt"), n. [F. courante, fr. courant,
p. pr.]
1. A piece of music in triple time; also, a lively dance; a
coranto.
2. A circulating gazette of news; a newspaper.
Couranto \Cou*ran"to\ (-r?n"t?), n.
A sprightly dance; a coranto; a courant.
Courap \Cou*rap"\ (k??-r?p), n. (Med.)
A skin disease, common in India, in which there is perpetual
itching and eruption, esp. of the groin, breast, armpits, and
face.
Courb \Courb\ (k??rb), a. [F. courbe, fr. L. curvus. See
{Curve}, a.]
Curved; rounded. [Obs.]
Her neck is short, her shoulders courb. --Gower.
Courb \Courb\ (k??rb), v. i. [F. courber. See {Curs}.]
To bend; to stop; to bow. [Obs.]
Then I courbed on my knees. --Piers
Plowman.
Courbaril \Cour"ba*ril\ (k??r"b?-r?l), n. [F. courbaril, from a
South American word.]
See {Anim['e]}, n.
Courche \Courche\ (k??rsh), n. [Cf. {Kerchief}.]
A square piece of linen used formerly by women instead of a
cap; a kerchief. [Scot.] [Written also {curch}.] --Jamieson.
Courier \Cou"ri*er\ (k??"r?-?r), n. [F. courrier, fr. courre,
courir, to run, L. currere. See {Course}, {Current}.]
1. A messenger sent with haste to convey letters or
dispatches, usually on public business.
The wary Bassa . . . by speedy couriers, advertised
Solyman of the enemy's purpose. --Knolles.
2. An attendant on travelers, whose business it is to make
arrangements for their convenience at hotels and on the
way.
Courlan \Cour"lan\ (k??r"l?n), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A South American bird, of the genus {Aramus}, allied to the
rails.
Course \Course\ (k?rs), n. [F. cours, course, L. cursus, fr.
currere to run. See {Current}.]
1. The act of moving from one point to another; progress;
passage.
And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we
came to Ptolemais. --Acts xxi. 7.
2. The ground or path traversed; track; way.
The same horse also run the round course at
Newmarket. --Pennant.
3. Motion, considered as to its general or resultant
direction or to its goal; line progress or advance.
A light by which the Argive squadron steers Their
silent course to Ilium's well known shore.
--Dennham.
Westward the course of empire takes its way.
--Berkeley.
4. Progress from point to point without change of direction;
any part of a progress from one place to another, which is
in a straight line, or on one direction; as, a ship in a
long voyage makes many courses; a course measured by a
surveyor between two stations; also, a progress without
interruption or rest; a heat; as, one course of a race.
5. Motion considered with reference to manner; or derly
progress; procedure in a certain line of thought or
action; as, the course of an argument.
The course of true love never did run smooth.
--Shak.
6. Customary or established sequence of events; recurrence of
events according to natural laws.
By course of nature and of law. --Davies.
Day and night, Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary
frost, Shall hold their course. --Milton.
7. Method of procedure; manner or way of conducting; conduct;
behavior.
My lord of York commends the plot and the general
course of the action. --Shak.
By perseverance in the course prescribed.
--Wodsworth.
You hold your course without remorse. --Tennyson.
8. A series of motions or acts arranged in order; a
succession of acts or practices connectedly followed; as,
a course of medicine; a course of lectures on chemistry.
9. The succession of one to another in office or duty; order;
turn.
He appointed . . . the courses of the priests --2
Chron. viii.
14.
10. That part of a meal served at one time, with its
accompaniments.
He [Goldsmith] wore fine clothes, gave dinners of
several courses, paid court to venal beauties.
--Macaulay.
11. (Arch.) A continuous level range of brick or stones of
the same height throughout the face or faces of a
building. --Gwilt.
12. (Naut.) The lowest sail on any mast of a square-rigged
vessel; as, the fore course, main course, etc.
13. pl. (Physiol.) The menses.
{In course}, in regular succession.
{Of course}, by consequence; as a matter of course; in
regular or natural order.
{In the course of}, at same time or times during. ``In the
course of human events.'' --T. Jefferson.
Syn: Way; road; route; passage; race; series; succession;
manner; method; mode; career; progress.
Course \Course\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coursed} (k?rst)); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Coursing}.]
1. To run, hunt, or chase after; to follow hard upon; to
pursue.
We coursed him at the heels. --Shak.
2. To cause to chase after or pursue game; as, to course
greyhounds after deer.
3. To run through or over.
The bounding steed courses the dusty plain. --Pope.
Course \Course\, v. i.
1. To run as in a race, or in hunting; to pursue the sport of
coursing; as, the sportsmen coursed over the flats of
Lancashire.
2. To move with speed; to race; as, the blood courses through
the veins. --Shak.
Coursed \Coursed\ (k?rst), a.
1. Hunted; as, a coursed hare.
2. Arranged in courses; as, coursed masonry.
Courser \Cours"er\ (k?rs"?r), n. [F. coursier.]
1. One who courses or hunts.
leash is a leathern thong by which . . . a courser
leads his greyhound. --Hanmer.
2. A swift or spirited horse; a racer or a war horse; a
charger. [Poetic.] --Pope.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A grallatorial bird of Europe {(Cursorius
cursor)}, remarkable for its speed in running. Sometimes,
in a wider sense, applied to running birds of the Ostrich
family.
Coursey \Cour"sey\ (k?r"s?), n. [Cf. OF. corsie, coursie,
passage way to the stern. See {Course}, n. ] (Naut.)
A space in the galley; a part of the hatches. --Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
Coursing \Cours"ing\ (k?rs"?ng), n.
The pursuit or running game with dogs that follow by sight
instead of by scent.
In coursing of a deer, or hart, with greyhounds.
--Bacon
Court \Court\ (k?rt), n. [OF. court, curt, cort, F. co?r, LL.
cortis, fr. L. cohors, cors, chors, gen. cohortis, cortis,
chortis, an inclosure, court, thing inclosed, crowd, throng;
co- + a root akin to Gr. ???? inclosure, feeding place, and
to E. garden, yard, orchard. See {Yard}, and cf. {Cohort},
{Curtain}.]
1. An inclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered area shut in
by the walls of a building, or by different building;
also, a space opening from a street and nearly surrounded
by houses; a blind alley.
The courts the house of our God. --Ps. cxxxv.
2.
And round the cool green courts there ran a row Cf
cloisters. --Tennyson.
Goldsmith took a garret in a miserable court.
--Macaulay.
2. The residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman, or ether
dignitary; a palace.
Attends the emperor in his royal court. --Shak.
This our court, infected with their manners, Shows
like a riotous inn. --Shak.
3. The collective body of persons composing the retinue of a
sovereign or person high in authority; all the
surroundings of a sovereign in his regal state.
My lord, there is a nobleman of the court at door
would speak with you. --Shak.
Love rules the court, the camp, the grove. --Sir. W.
Scott.
4. Any formal assembling of the retinue of a sovereign; as,
to hold a court.
The princesses held their court within the fortress.
--Macaulay.
5. Attention directed to a person in power; conduct or
address designed to gain favor; courtliness of manners;
civility; compliment; flattery.
No solace could her paramour intreat Her once to
show, ne court, nor dalliance. --Spenser.
I went to make my court to the Duke and Duchess of
Newcastle. --Evelyn.
6. (Law)
(a) The hall, chamber, or place, where justice is
administered.
(b) The persons officially assembled under authority of
law, at the appropriate time and place, for the
administration of justice; an official assembly,
legally met together for the transaction of judicial
business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or
trial of causes.
(c) A tribunal established for the administration of
justice.
(d) The judge or judges; as distinguished from the counsel
or jury, or both.
Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the
judgment. --Shak.
7. The session of a judicial assembly.
8. Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or ecclesiastical.
9. A place arranged for playing the game of tennis; also, one
of the divisions of a tennis court.
{Christian court}, the English ecclesiastical courts in the
aggregate, or any one of them.
{Court breeding}, education acquired at court.
{Court card}. Same as {Coat card}.
{Court circular}, one or more paragraphs of news respecting
the sovereign and the royal family, together with the
proceedings or movements of the court generally, supplied
to the newspapers by an officer specially charged with
such duty. [Eng.] --Edwards.
{Court day}, a day on which a court sits to administer
justice.
{Court dress}, the dress prescribed for appearance at the
court of a sovereign.
{Court fool}, a buffoon or jester, formerly kept by princes
and nobles for their amusement.
{Court guide}, a directory of the names and adresses of the
nobility and gentry in a town.
{Court hand}, the hand or manner of writing used in records
and judicial proceedings. --Shak.
{Court lands} (Eng. Law), lands kept in demesne, -- that is,
for the use of the lord and his family.
{Court marshal}, one who acts as marshal for a court.
{Court party}, a party attached to the court.
{Court rolls}, the records of a court. See{Roll}.
{Court in banc}, or {Court in bank}, The full court sitting
at its regular terms for the hearing of arguments upon
questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting at nisi
prius.
{Court of Arches}, {audience}, etc. See under {Arches},
{Audience}, etc.
{Court of Chancery}. See {Chancery}, n.
{Court of Common pleas}. (Law) See {Common pleas}, under
{Common}.
{Court of Equity}. See under {Equity}, and {Chancery}.
{Court of Inquiry} (Mil.), a court appointed to inquire into
and report on some military matter, as the conduct of an
officer.
{Court of St. James}, the usual designation of the British
Court; -- so called from the old palace of St. James,
which is used for the royal receptions, levees, and
drawing-rooms.
{The court of the Lord}, the temple at Jerusalem; hence, a
church, or Christian house of worship.
{General Court}, the legislature of a State; -- so called
from having had, in the colonial days, judicial power; as,
the General Court of Massachusetts. [U.S.]
{To pay one's court}, to seek to gain favor by attentions.
``Alcibiades was assiduous in paying his {court} to
Tissaphernes.'' --Jowett.
{To put out of court}, to refuse further judicial hearing.
Court \Court\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Courted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Courting}.]
1. To endeavor to gain the favor of by attention or flattery;
to try to ingratiate one's self with.
By one person, hovever, Portland was still
assiduously courted. --Macaulay.
2. To endeavor to gain the affections of; to seek in
marriage; to woo.
If either of you both love Katharina . . . leave
shall you have to court her at your pleasure.
--Shak.
3. To attempt to gain; to solicit; to seek.
They might almost seem to have courted the crown of
martyrdem. --Prescott.
Guilt and misery . . . court privacy and silitude.
--De Quincey.
4. To invite by attractions; to allure; to attract.
A well-worn pathway courted us To one green wicket
in a privet hedge. --Tennyson.
Court \Court\, v. i.
1. To play the lover; to woo; as, to go courting.
Court-baron \Court"-bar`on\ (-b?r`?n), n. (Law)
An inferior court of civil jurisdiction, attached to a manor,
and held by the steward; a baron's court; -- now fallen into
disuse.
Courtbred \Court"bred`\ (-br?d`), a.
Bred, or educated, at court; polished; courtly.
Court-craft \Court"-craft`\ (k?rt"kr?ft`), n.
The artifices, intrigues, and plottings, at courts.
Court-cupboard \Court"-cup`board\ (-k?b`b?rd), n.
A movable sideboard or buffet, on which plate and other
articles of luxury were displayed on special ocasions. [Obs.]
A way with the joint stools, remove the court-cupboard,
look to the plate. --Shak.
Courteous \Cour"te*ous\ (k?r"t?-?s; 277), a. [OE. cortais,
corteis, cortois, rarely corteous, OF. corties, corteis, F.
courtois. See {Court}.]
Of courtlike manners; pertaining to, or expressive of,
courtesy; characterized by courtesy; civil; obliging; well
bred; polite; affable; complaisant.
A patient and courteous bearing. --Prescott.
His behavior toward his people is grave and courteous.
--Fuller.
Courteously \Cour"te*ous*ly\, adv.
In a courteous manner.
Courteousness \Cour"te*ous*ness\, n.
The quality of being courteous; politeness; courtesy.
Courtepy \Cour"te*py\ (k??r"t?-p?), n. [D. kort short + pije a
coarse cloth.]
A short coat of coarse cloth. [Obs.]
Full threadbare was his overeste courtepy. --Chaucer.
Courter \Court"er\ (k?rt"?r), n.
One who courts; one who plays the lover, or who solicits in
marriage; one who flatters and cajoles. --Sherwood.
Courtesan \Cour"te*san\ (k?r"t?-z?n; 277), n. [F. courtisane,
fr. courtisan courtier, It. cortigiano; or directly fr. It.
cortigiana, or Sp. cortesana. See {Court}.]
A woman who prostitutes herself for hire; a prostitute; a
harlot.
Lasciviously decked like a courtesan. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Courtesanship \Cour"te*san*ship\, n.
Harlotry.
Courtesy \Cour"te*sy\ (k?r"t?-s?), n.; pl. {Courtesies} (-s?z).
[OE. cortaisie, corteisie, courtesie, OF. curteisie,
cortoisie, OF. curteisie, cortoisie, F. courtoisie, fr.
curteis, corteis. See {Courteous}.]
1. Politeness; civility; urbanity; courtliness.
And trust thy honest-offered courtesy, With oft is
sooner found in lowly sheds, With smoky rafters,
than in tapestry walls And courts of princes, where
it first was named, And yet is most pretended.
--Milton.
Pardon me, Messer Claudio, if once more I use the
ancient courtesies of speech. --Longfellow.
2. An act of civility or respect; an act of kindness or favor
performed with politeness.
My lord, for your many courtesies I thank you.
--Shak.
3. Favor or indulgence, as distinguished from right; as, a
title given one by courtesy.
{Courtesy title}, a title assumed by a person, or popularly
conceded to him, to which he has no valid claim; as, the
courtesy title of Lord prefixed to the names of the
younger sons of noblemen.
Syn: Politiness; urbanity; civility; complaisance;
affability; courteousness; elegance; refinement;
courtliness; good breeding. See {Politeness}.
Courtesy \Courte"sy\ (k[^u]rt"s[y^]), n. [See the preceding
word.]
An act of civility, respect, or reverence, made by women,
consisting of a slight depression or dropping of the body,
with bending of the knees. [Written also {curtsy}.]
The lady drops a courtesy in token of obedience, and
the ceremony proceeds as usual. --Golgsmith.
Courtesy \Courte"sy\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Courtesied}
(-s[i^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Courtesying}.]
To make a respectful salutation or movement of respect; esp.
(with reference to women), to bow the body slightly, with
bending of the knes.
Courtesy \Courte"sy\, v. t.
To treat with civility. [Obs.]
Courtehouse \Courte"house`\ (k?rt"hous`), n.
1. A house in which established courts are held, or a house
appropriated to courts and public meetings. [U.S.]
2. A county town; -- so called in Virginia and some others of
the Southern States.
Providence, the county town of Fairfax, is unknown
by that name, and passes as Fairfax Court House.
--Barlett.
Courtier \Court"ier\ (k?rt"y?r), n. [From {Court}.]
1. One who is in attendance at the court of a prince; one who
has an appointment at court.
You know I am no courtier, nor versed in state
affairs. --Bacon.
This courtier got a frigate, and that a company.
--Macaulay.
2. One who courts or solicits favor; one who flatters.
There was not among all our princes a greater
courtier of the people than Richard III. --Suckling.
Courtiery \Court"ier*y\ (-?), n.
The manners of a courtier; courtliness. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Court-leet \Court"-leet`\ (-l?t`), n. (Eng. Law)
A court of record held once a year, in a particular hundred,
lordship, or manor, before the steward of the leet.
--Blackstone.
Courtlike \Court"like`\ (-l?k`), a.
After the manner of a court; elegant; polite; courtly.
Courtliness \Court"li*ness\ (-l?-n?s), n. [From {Courtly}.]
The quality of being courtly; elegance or dignity of manners.
Courtling \Court"ling\ (-l?ng), n. [Court + -ling.]
A sycophantic courtier. --B. Jonson.
Courtly \Court"ly\ (-l?), a. [From {Court}.]
1. Relating or belonging to a court.
2. Elegant; polite; courtlike; flattering.
In courtly company or at my beads. --Shak.
3. Disposed to favor the great; favoring the policy or party
of the court; obsequious. --Macaulay.
Courtly \Court"ly\, adv.
In the manner of courts; politely; gracefully; elegantly.
They can produce nothing so courtly writ. --Dryden
Court-martial \Court`-mar"tial\ (k?rt`m?r"shal), n.; pl.
{Courts-martial} (k?rts`-).
A court consisting of military or naval officers, for the
trial of one belonging to the army or navy, or of offenses
against military or naval law.
Court-martial \Court`-mar"tial\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Court-martialed} (-shald); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Court-martialing}.]
To subject to trial by a court-martial.
Court-plaster \Court"-plas`ter\ (k?rt"pl?s`t?r), n.
Sticking plaster made by coating taffeta or silk on one side
with some adhesive substance, commonly a mixture of isinglass
and glycerin.
Courtship \Court"ship\ (k?rt"sh?p), n.
1. The act of paying court, with the intent to solicit a
favor. --Swift.
2. The act of wooing in love; solicitation of woman to
marriage.
This method of courtship, [by which] both sides are
prepared for all the matrimonial adventures that are
to follow. --Goldsmith.
3. Courtliness; elegance of manners; courtesy. [Obs.]
Trim gallants, full of courtship and of state.
--Shak.
4. Court policy; the character of a courtier; artifice of a
court; court-craft; finesse. [Obs.]
She [the Queen] being composed of courtship and
Popery. --Fuller.
Court tennis \Court" ten"nis\ (k?rt" t?n"n?s).
See under {Tennis}.
Courtyard \Court"yard\ (k?rt"y?rd`), n.
A court or inclosure attached to a house.
Couscous \Cous"cous`\ (k??s"k??s`), n.
A kind of food used by the natives of Western Africa, made of
millet flour with flesh, and leaves of the baobab; -- called
also {lalo}.
Couscousou \Cous`cou*sou"\ (k??s`k??-s??"), n.
A favorite dish in Barbary. See {Couscous}.
Cousin \Cous"in\ (k?z"'n), n. [F. cousin, LL. cosinus, cusinus,
contr. from L. consobrinus the child of a mother's sister,
cousin; con- + sobrinus a cousin by the mother's side, a form
derived fr. soror (forsosor) sister. See {Sister}, and cf.
{Cozen}, {Coz}.]
1. One collaterally related more remotely than a brother or
sister; especially, the son or daughter of an uncle or
aunt.
Note: The children of brothers and sisters are usually
denominated first cousins, or cousins-german. In the
second generation, they are called second cousins. See
{Cater-cousin}, and {Quater-cousin}.
Thou art, great lord, my father's sister's son, A
cousin-german to great Priam's seed. --Shak.
2. A title formerly given by a king to a nobleman,
particularly to those of the council. In English writs,
etc., issued by the crown, it signifies any earl.
My noble lords and cousins, all, good morrow.
--Shak.
Cousin \Cous"in\, n.
Allied; akin. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Cousinage \Cous"in*age\ (-?j), n. [F. cousinage, OF., also,
cosinage. Cf. {Cosinage}, {Cozenage}.]
Relationship; kinship. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Cousin-german \Cous"in-ger"man\ (-j?r"man), n. [Cousin + german
closely akin.]
A first cousin. See Note under {Cousin}, 1.
Cousinhood \Cous"in*hood\ (-h??d), n.
The state or condition of a cousin; also, the collective body
of cousins; kinsfolk.
Cousinly \Cous"in*ly\, a.
Like or becoming a cousin.
Cousinry \Cous"in*ry\ (k?z"'n-r?), n.
A body or collection of cousins; the whole number of persons
who stand in the relation of cousins to a given person or
persons.
Cousinship \Cous"in*ship\, n.
The relationship of cousins; state of being cousins;
cousinhood. --G. Eliot.
Coussinet \Cous"si*net`\ (k??s"s?-n?t`), n. [F., dim. of coussin
cushion. See {Cushionet}.] (Arch.)
(a) A stone placed on the impost of a pier for receiving the
first stone of an arch.
(b) That part of the Ionic capital between the abacus and
quarter round, which forms the volute. --Gwilt.
Couteau \Cou*teau"\ (k??-t?"), n. [F.]
A knife; a dagger.
Couth \Couth\ (k??th), imp. & p. p. of {Can}. [See {Can}, and
cf. {Uncouth}.]
Could; was able; knew or known; understood. [Obs.]
Above all other one Daniel He loveth, for he couth well
Divine, that none other couth; To him were all thing
couth, As he had it of God's grace. --Gower.
Couvade \Cou`vade"\ (k[=oo]`v[.a]d"), n. [F., fr. couver. See
{Covey}.]
A custom, among certain barbarous tribes, that when a woman
gives birth to a child her husband takes to his bed, as if
ill.
The world-wide custom of the couvade, where at
childbirth the husband undergoes medical treatment, in
many cases being put to bed for days. --Tylor.
Covariant \Co*va"ri*ant\ (k?-v?"r?-a]/>nt), n. (Higher Alg.)
A function involving the coefficients and the variables of a
quantic, and such that when the quantic is lineally
transformed the same function of the new variables and
coefficients shall be equal to the old function multiplied by
a factor. An invariant is a like function involving only the
coefficients of the quantic.
Cove \Cove\ (k[=o]v), n. [AS. cofa room; akin to G. koben
pigsty, orig., hut, Icel kofi hut, and perh. to E. cobalt.]
1. A retired nook; especially, a small, sheltered inlet,
creek, or bay; a recess in the shore.
Vessels which were in readiness for him within
secret coves and nooks. --Holland.
2. A strip of prairie extending into woodland; also, a recess
in the side of a mountain. [U.S.]
3. (Arch.)
(a) A concave molding.
(b) A member, whose section is a concave curve, used
especially with regard to an inner roof or ceiling, as
around a skylight.
Cove \Cove\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coved} (k?vd); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Coving}.] (Arch.)
To arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in
the form of a cove.
The mosques and other buildings of the Arabians are
rounded into domes and coved roofs. --H.
Swinburne.
{Coved ceiling}, a ceiling, the part of which next the wail
is constructed in a cove.
{Coved vault}, a vault composed of four coves meeting in a
central point, and therefore the reverse of a groined
vault.
Cove \Cove\, v. t. [CF. F. couver, It. covare. See {Covey}.]
To brood, cover, over, or sit over, as birds their eggs.
[Obs.]
Not being able to cove or sit upon them [eggs], she
[the female tortoise] bestoweth them in the gravel.
--Holland.
Cove \Cove\, n. [A gypsy word, covo that man, covi that woman.]
A boy or man of any age or station. [Slang]
There's a gentry cove here. --Wit's
Recreations
(1654).
Now, look to it, coves, that all the beef and drink Be
not filched from us. --Mrs.
Browning.
Covelline \Co*vel"line\ (k?-v?l"l?n), Covellite \Co*vel"lite\
(-l?t), n. [After Covelli, the discoverer.] (Min.)
A native sulphide of copper, occuring in masses of a dark
blue color; -- hence called {indigo copper}.
Covenable \Cov"e*na*ble\ (k?v"?-n?-b'l), a. [OF. covenable, F.
convenable. See {Covenant}.]
Fit; proper; suitable. [Obs.] ``A covenable day.'' --Wyclif
(Mark vi. 21).
Covenably \Cov"e*na*bly\ (k?v"?-n?-bly), adv.
Fitly; suitably. [Obs.] ``Well and covenably.'' --Chaucer.
Covenant \Cov"e*nant\ (k?v"?-nant), n. [OF. covenant, fr. F. &
OF. convenir to agree, L. convenire. See {Convene}.]
1. A mutual agreement of two or more persons or parties, or
one of the stipulations in such an agreement.
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant. --1 Sam.
xviiii. 3.
Let there be covenants drawn between us. --Shak.
If we conclude a peace, It shall be with such strict
and severe covenants As little shall the Frenchmen
gain thereby. --Shak.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) An agreement made by the Scottish Parliament
in 1638, and by the English Parliament in 1643, to
preserve the reformed religion in Scotland, and to
extirpate popery and prelacy; -- usually called the
``Solemn League and Covenant.''
He [Wharton] was born in the days of the Covenant,
and was the heir of a covenanted house. --Macaulay.
3. (Theol.) The promises of God as revealed in the
Scriptures, conditioned on certain terms on the part of
man, as obedience, repentance, faith, etc.
I will establish my covenant between me and thee and
thy seed after thee in their generations for an
everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to
thy seed after thee. --Gen. xvii.
7.
4. A solemn compact between members of a church to maintain
its faith, discipline, etc.
5. (Law)
(a) An undertaking, on sufficient consideration, in
writing and under seal, to do or to refrain from some
act or thing; a contract; a stipulation; also, the
document or writing containing the terms of agreement.
(b) A form of action for the violation of a promise or
contract under seal.
Syn: Agreement; contract; compact; bargain; arrangement;
stipulation.
Usage: {Covenant}, {Contract}, {Compact}, {Stipulation}.
These words all denote a mutual agreement between two
parties. Covenant is frequently used in a religious
sense; as, the covenant of works or of grace; a church
covenant; the Solemn League and Covenant. Contract is
the word most used in the business of life. Crabb and
Taylor are wrong in saying that a contract must always
be in writing. There are oral and implied contracts as
well as written ones, and these are equally enforced
by law. In legal usage, the word covenant has an
important place as connected with contracts. A compact
is only a stronger and more solemn contract. The term
is chiefly applied to political alliances. Thus, the
old Confederation was a compact between the States.
Under the present Federal Constitution, no individual
State can, without consent of Congress, enter into a
compact with any other State or foreign power. A
stipulation is one of the articles or provisions of a
contract.
Covenant \Cov"e*nant\ (k?v"?-n?nt), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Covenanted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Covenanting}.]
To agree (with); to enter into a formal agreement; to bind
one's self by contract; to make a stipulation.
Jupiter covenanted with him, that it should be hot or
cold, wet or dry, . . . as the tenant should direct.
--L'Estrange.
And they covenanted with him for thyrty pieces of
silver. --Matt. xxvi.
15.
Syn: To agree; contract; bargain; stipulate.
Covenant \Cov"e*nant\, v. t.
To grant or promise by covenant.
My covenant of peace that I covenanted with you.
--Wyclif.
Covenantee \Cov`e*nan*tee"\ (k?v`?-nan-t?"), n. (Law)
The person in whose favor a covenant is made.
Covenanter \Cov"e*nant*er\ (k?v"?-n?nt-?r), n.
1. One who makes a covenant.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One who subscribed and defended the ``Solemn
League and Covenant.'' See {Covenant}.
Covenanting \Cov"e*nant*ing\, a.
Belonging to a covenant. Specifically, belonging to the
Scotch Covenanters.
Be they covenanting traitors, Or the brood of false
Argyle? --Aytoun.
Covenantor \Cov"e*nant*or`\ (-?r`), n. (Law)
The party who makes a covenant. --Burrill.
Covenous \Cov"e*nous\ (k?v"?-n?s), a.
See {Covinous}, and {Covin}.
Covent \Cov"ent\ (k?v"ent), n. [OF. covent, F. couvent. See
{Convent}.]
A convent or monastery. [Obs.] --Bale.
{Covent Garden}, a large square in London, so called because
originally it was the garden of a monastery.
Coventry \Cov"en*try\ (k?v"en-tr?), n.
A town in the county of Warwick, England.
{To send to Coventry}, to exclude from society; to shut out
from social intercourse, as for ungentlemanly conduct.
{Coventry blue}, blue thread of a superior dye, made at
Coventry, England, and used for embroidery.
Cover \Cov"er\ (k?v"?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Covered} (-?rd);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Covering}.] [OF. covrir, F. couvrir, fr. L.
cooperire; co- + operire to cover; probably fr. ob towards,
over + the root appearing in aperire to open. Cf. {Aperient},
{Overt}, {Curfew}.]
1. To overspread the surface of (one thing) with another; as,
to cover wood with paint or lacquer; to cover a table with
a cloth.
2. To envelop; to clothe, as with a mantle or cloak.
And with the majesty of darkness round Covers his
throne. --Milton.
All that beauty than doth cover thee. --Shak.
3. To invest (one's self with something); to bring upon
(one's self); as, he covered himself with glory.
The powers that covered themselves with everlasting
infamy by the partition of Poland. --Brougham.
4. To hide sight; to conceal; to cloak; as, the enemy were
covered from our sight by the woods.
A cloud covered the mount. --Exod. xxiv.
15.
In vain shou striv'st to cover shame with shame.
--Milton.
5. To brood or sit on; to incubate.
While the hen is covering her eggs, the male . . .
diverts her with his songs. --Addison.
6. To overwhelm; to spread over.
The waters returned and covered the chariots and the
horsemen. --Ex. xiv. 28.
7. To shelter, as from evil or danger; to protect; to defend;
as, the cavalry covered the retreat.
His calm and blameless life Does with substantial
blessedness abound, And the soft wings of peace
cover him round. --Cowley.
8. To remove from remembrance; to put away; to remit.
``Blessed is he whose is covered.'' --Ps. xxxii. 1.
9. To extend over; to be sufficient for; to comprehend,
include, or embrace; to account for or solve; to
counterbalance; as, a mortgage which fully covers a sum
loaned on it; a law which covers all possible cases of a
crime; receipts than do not cover expenses.
10. To put the usual covering or headdress on.
Cover thy head . . .; nay, prithee, be covered.
--Shak.
11. To copulate with (a female); to serve; as, a horse covers
a mare; -- said of the male.
{To cover}
{ground or distance}, to pass over; as, the rider covered the
ground in an hour.
{To cover one's short contracts} (Stock Exchange), to buy
stock when the market rises, as a dealer who has sold
short does in order to protect himself.
{Covering party} (Mil.), a detachment of troops sent for the
protection of another detachment, as of men working in the
trenches.
{To cover into}, to transfer to; as, to cover into the
treasury.
Syn: To shelter; screen; shield; hide; overspread.
Cover \Cov"er\ (k?v"?r), n.
1. Anything which is laid, set, or spread, upon, about, or
over, another thing; an envelope; a lid; as, the cover of
a book.
2. Anything which veils or conceals; a screen; disguise; a
cloak. ``Under cover of the night.'' -- Macaulay.
A handsome cover for imperfections. --Collier.
3. Shelter; protection; as, the troops fought under cover of
the batteries; the woods afforded a good cover.
Being compelled to lodge in the field . . . whilst
his army was under cover, they might be forced to
retire. --Clarendon.
4. (Hunting) The woods, underbrush, etc., which shelter and
conceal game; covert; as, to beat a cover; to ride to
cover.
5. That portion of a slate, tile, or shingle, which is hidden
by the overlap of the course above. --Knight.
6. (Steam Engine) The lap of a slide valve.
7. [Cf. F. couvert.] A tablecloth, and the other table
furniture; esp., the table furniture for the use of one
person at a meal; as, covers were laid for fifty guests.
{To break cover}, to start from a covert or lair; -- said of
game.
{Under cover}, in an envelope, or within a letter; -- said of
a written message.
Letters . . . dispatched under cover to her
ladyship. --Thackeray.
Cover \Cov"er\, v. i.
To spread a table for a meal; to prepare a banquet. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Coverchief \Cov"er*chief\ (ch[=e]f), n. [See {Kerchef}.]
A covering for the head. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Covercle \Cov"er*cle\ (k?v"?r-k'l), n. [OF. covercle, F.
couvercle, fr. L. co["o]perculum fr. co["o]perire. See
{cover}]
A small cover; a lid. [>Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Covered \Cov"ered\ (k?v"?rd), a.
Under cover; screened; sheltered; not exposed; hidden.
{Covered way} (Fort.), a corridor or banquette along the top
of the counterscarp and covered by an embankment whose
slope forms the glacis. It gives the garrison an open line
of communication around the works, and a standing place
beyond the ditch. See Illust. of {Ravelin}.
Coverer \Cov"er*er\ (-?r), n.
One who, or that which, covers.
Covering \Cov"er*ing\, n.
Anything which covers or conceals, as a roof, a screen, a
wrapper, clothing, etc.
Noah removed the covering of the ark. --Gen. viii.
13.
They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that
they have no covering in the cold. --Job. xxiv.
7.
A covering over the well's mouth. --2 Sam. xvii.
19.
Coverlet \Cov"er*let\ (k?v"?r-l?t), n. [F. couvre-lit; couvrir
to cover + lit bed, fr. L. lectus bed. See {Cover}.]
The uppermost cover of a bed or of any piece of furniture.
Lay her in lilies and in violets . . . And odored
sheets and arras coverlets. --Spenser.
Coverlid \Cov"er*lid\ (-l[i^]d), n.
A coverlet.
All the coverlid was cloth of gold. --Tennyson.
Cover-point \Cov"er-point`\ (-point!), n.
The fielder in the games of cricket and lacrosse who supports
``point.''
Coversed sine \Co*versed" sine\ (k?-v?rst" s?n`). [Co- (=co- in
co- sine) + versed sine.] (Geom.)
The versed sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See
Illust. of {Functions}.
Cover-shame \Cov"er-shame`\ (-sh?m`), n.
Something used to conceal infamy. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Covert \Cov"ert\ (k?v"?rt), a. [OF. covert, F. couvert, p. p. of
couvrir. See {Cover}, v. t.]
1. Covered over; private; hid; secret; disguised.
How covert matters may be best disclosed. --Shak.
Whether of open war or covert guile. --Milton
2. Sheltered; not open or exposed; retired; protected; as, a
covert nook. -- Wordsworth.
Of either side the green, to plant a covert alley.
--Bacon.
3. (Law) Under cover, authority or protection; as, a feme
covert, a married woman who is considered as being under
the protection and control of her husband.
{Covert way}, (Fort.) See {Covered way}, under {Covered}.
Syn: Hidden; secret; private; covered; disguised; insidious;
concealed. See {Hidden}.
Covert \Cov"ert\, n. [OF. See {Covert}, a.]
1. A place that covers and protects; a shelter; a defense.
A tabernacle . . . for a covert from storm. --Is.
iv. 6.
The highwayman has darted from his covered by the
wayside. --Prescott.
2. [Cf. F. couverte.] (Zo["o]l.) One of the special feathers
covering the bases of the quills of the wings and tail of
a bird. See Illust. of {Bird}.
Covert baron \Cov"ert bar`on\ (b?r`?n). (Law)
Under the protection of a husband; married. --Burrill.
Covertly \Cov"ert*ly\, adv.
Secretly; in private; insidiously.
Covertness \Cov"ert*ness\ (k?v"?rt-n?s), n.
Secrecy; privacy. [R.]
Coverture \Cov"er*ture\ (k?v"?r-t?r; 135), n. [OF. coverture,F.
couverture.]
1. Covering; shelter; defense; hiding.
Protected by walls or other like coverture.
--Woodward.
Beatrice, who even now Is couched in the woodbine
coverture. --Shak.
2. (Law) The condition of a woman during marriage, because
she is considered under the cover, influence, power, and
protection of her husband, and therefore called a {feme
covert}, or {femme couverte}.
Covet \Cov"et\ (k?v"?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Covered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Coveting}.] [OF. coveitier, covoitier, F. convoiter,
from a derivative fr. L. cupere to desire; cf. Skr. kup to
become excited. Cf. {Cupidity}.]
1. To wish for with eagerness; to desire possession of; --
used in a good sense.
Covet earnestly the best gifts. --1. Cor.
xxii. 31.
If it be a sin to covet honor, I am the most
offending soul alive. --Shak.
2. To long for inordinately or unlawfully; to hanker after
(something forbidden).
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house. --Ex. xx.
17.
Syn: To long for; desire; hanker after; crave.
Covet \Cov"et\, v. i.
To have or indulge inordinate desire.
Which [money] while some coveted after, they have erred
from the faith. --1 Tim. vi.
10.
Covetable \Cov"et*a*ble\ (k?v"?t-?-b'l), a.
That may be coveted; desirable.
Coveter \Cov"et*er\ (-?r), n.
One who covets.
Covetise \Cov"et*ise\ (-?s), n. [OF. coveitise, F. convoitise.
See {Covet}, v. t. ]
Avarice. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Covetiveness \Cov"et*ive*ness\ (-?v-), n. (Phren.)
Acquisitiveness.
Covetous \Cov"et*ous\ (k?v"?t-?s), a. [OF. coveitos, F.
convoiteux. See {Covet}, v. t.]
1. Very desirous; eager to obtain; -- used in a good sense.
[Archaic]
Covetous of wisdom and fair virtue. --Shak.
Covetous death bereaved us all, To aggrandize one
funeral. --Emerson.
2. Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to obtain and
possess (esp. money); avaricious; -- in a bad sense.
The covetous person lives as if the world were
madealtogether for him, and not he for the world.
--South.
Syn: Avaricious; parsimonious; penurious; misrely; niggardly.
See {Avaricious}.
Covetously \Cov"et*ous*ly\, adv.
In a covetous manner.
Covetousness \Cov"et*ous*ness\, n.
1. Strong desire. [R.]
When workmen strive to do better than well, They do
confound their skill in covetousness. --Shak.
2. A strong or inordinate desire of obtaining and possessing
some supposed good; excessive desire for riches or money;
-- in a bad sense.
Covetousness, by a greed of getting more, deprivess
itself of the true end of getting. --Sprat.
Syn: Avarice; cupidity; eagerness.
Covey \Cov"ey\ (k?v"?), n. [OF. cov?e, F. couv?e, fr. cover, F.
couver, to sit or brood on, fr. L. cubare to lie down; cf. E.
incubate. See {Cubit}, and cf. {Cove} to brood.]
1. A brood or hatch of birds; an old bird with her brood of
young; hence, a small flock or number of birds together;
-- said of game; as, a covey of partridges. --Darwin.
2. A company; a bevy; as, a covey of girls. --Addison.
Covey \Cov"ey\, v. i.
To brood; to incubate. [Obs.]
[Tortoises] covey a whole year before they hatch.
--Holland.
Covey \Cov"ey\, n.
A pantry. [Prov. Eng.] --Parker.
Covin \Cov"in\ (k?v"?n), n. [OF. covine, covaine, fr. covenir to
agree. See {Covenant}.]
1. (Law) A collusive agreement between two or more persons to
prejudice a third.
2. Deceit; fraud; artifice. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Covinous \Cov"in*ous\ (k?v"?n-?s), a. (Law)
Deceitful; collusive; fraudulent; dishonest.
Cow \Cow\ (kou), n. [See {Cowl} a hood.]
A chimney cap; a cowl
Cow \Cow\, n.; pl. {Cows} (kouz); old pl. {Kine} (k[imac]n).
[OE. cu, cou, AS. c[=u]; akin to D. koe, G. kuh, OHG. kuo,
Icel. k[=y]r, Dan. & Sw. ko, L. bos ox, cow, Gr. boy^s, Skr.
g[=o]. [root]223. Cf. {Beef}, {Bovine}, {Bucolic}, {Butter},
{Nylghau}.]
1. The mature female of bovine animals.
2. The female of certain large mammals, as whales, seals,
etc.
Cow \Cow\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cowed} (koud);; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cowing}.] [Cf. Icel. kuga, Sw. kufva to check, subdue, Dan.
kue. Cf. {Cuff}, v. t.]
To depress with fear; to daunt the spirits or courage of; to
overawe.
To vanquish a people already cowed. --Shak.
THe French king was cowed. --J. R. Green.
Cow \Cow\, n. [Prob. from same root as cow, v. t.] (Mining)
A wedge, or brake, to check the motion of a machine or car; a
chock. --Knight.
Cowage \Cow"age\ (kou"[asl]j), n. (Bot.)
See {Cowhage}.
Cowan \Cow"an\ (kou"an), n. [Cf. OF. couillon a coward, a
cullion.]
One who works as a mason without having served a regular
apprenticeship. [Scot.]
Note: Among Freemasons, it is a cant term for pretender,
interloper.
Coward \Cow"ard\ (kou"?rd), a. [OF. couard, coard, coart, n. and
adj., F. couard, fr. OF. coe, coue, tail, F. queue (fr. L.
coda, a form of cauda tail) + -ard; orig., short-tailed, as
an epithet of the hare, or perh., turning tail, like a scared
dog. Cf. {Cue}, {Queue}, {Caudal}.]
1. (Her.) Borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled
between his legs; -- said of a lion.
2. Destitute of courage; timid; cowardly.
Fie, coward woman, and soft-hearted wretch. --Shak.
3. Belonging to a coward; proceeding from, or expressive of,
base fear or timidity.
He raised the house with loud and coward cries.
--Shak.
Invading fears repel my coward joy. --Proir.
Coward \Cow"ard\, n.
A person who lacks courage; a timid or pusillanimous person;
a poltroon.
A fool is nauseous, but a coward worse. --Dryden.
Syn: Craven; poltroon; dastard.
Coward \Cow"ard\, v. t.
To make timorous; to frighten. [Obs.]
That which cowardeth a man's heart. --Foxe.
Cowardice \Cow"ard*ice\ (-[i^]s), n. [F. couardise, fr. couard.
See {Coward}.]
Want of courage to face danger; extreme timidity;
pusillanimity; base fear of danger or hurt; lack of spirit.
The cowardice of doing wrong. --Milton.
Moderation was despised as cowardice. --Macaulay.
Cowardie \Cow"ard*ie\ (kou"[~e]rd*[y^]), n. [OF. couardie.]
Cowardice. [Obs.]
Cowardish \Cow"ard*ish\, a.
Cowardly. [Obs.] ``A base and a cowardish mind.'' --Robynson
(More's Utopia).
Cowardize \Cow"ard*ize\ (-?z), v. t.
To render cowardly. [Obs.]
God . . . cowardizeth . . . insolent spirits. --Bp.
Hall.
Cowardliness \Cow"ard*li*ness\ (-l?-n?s), n.
Cowardice.
Cowardly \Cow"ard*ly\, a.
1. Wanting courage; basely or weakly timid or fearful;
pusillanimous; spiritless.
The cowardly rascals that ran from the battle.
--Shak.
2. Proceeding from fear of danger or other consequences;
befitting a coward; dastardly; base; as, cowardly
malignity. --Macaulay.
The cowardly rashness of those who dare not look
danger in the face. --Burke.
Syn: Timid; fearful; timorous; dastardly; pusillanimous;
recreant; craven; faint-hearted; chicken-hearted;
white-livered.
Cowardly \Cow"ard*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a coward. --Spenser.
Cowardship \Cow"ard*ship\, n.
Cowardice. [Obs.] --Shak.
Cowbane \Cow"bane`\ (kou"b[=a]n`), n. (Bot.)
A poisonous umbelliferous plant; in England, the {Cicuta
virosa}; in the United States, the {Cicuta maculata} and the
{Archemora rigida}. See {Water hemlock}.
Cowberry \Cow"ber`ry\ (-b[e^]r`r[y^]), n.; pl. {Cowberries}
(-r[i^]z). (Bot.)
A species of {Vaccinium} ({V. Vitis-id[ae]a}), which bears
acid red berries which are sometimes used in cookery; --
locally called {mountain cranberry}.
Cowbird \Cow"bird`\ (-b[~e]rd`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The cow blackbird ({Molothrus ater}), an American starling.
Like the European cuckoo, it builds no nest, but lays its
eggs in the nests of other birds; -- so called because
frequently associated with cattle.
Cowblakes \Cow"blakes`\ (-bl[=a]ks`), n. pl.
Dried cow dung used as fuel.[Prov. Eng.] --Simmonds.
Cowboy \Cow"boy`\ (-boi`), n.
1. A cattle herder; a drover; specifically, one of an
adventurous class of herders and drovers on the plains of
the Western and Southwestern United States.
2. One of the marauders who, in the Revolutionary War
infested the neutral ground between the American and
British lines, and committed depredations on the
Americans.
Cowcatxjer \Cow"catxj`er\ (-k?ch`?r), n.
A strong inclined frame, usually of wrought-iron bars, in
front of a locomotive engine, for catching or throwing off
obstructions on a railway, as cattle; the pilot. [U.S.]
Cowdie \Cow"die\ (kou"d?), n. (Bot.)
See {Kauri}.
Cower \Cow"er\ (-?r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cowered} (-?rd); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cowering}.] [Cf. Icel. kera to doze, liequiet,
Sw. kura, Dan. kure, G. kauern to cower, W. cwrian.]
To stoop by bending the knees; to crouch; to squat; hence, to
quail; to sink through fear.
Our dame sits cowering o'er a kitchen fire. --Dryden.
Like falcons, cowering on the nest. --Goldsmith.
Cower \Cow"er\ (kou"?r), v. t.
To cherish with care. [Obs.]
Cowfish \Cow"fish`\ (-f?ch`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The grampus.
(b) A California dolphin ({Tursiops Gillii}).
(c) A marine plectognath fish ({Ostracoin quadricorne}, and
allied species), having two projections, like horns, in
front; -- called also {cuckold}, {coffer fish},
{trunkfish}.
Cowhage \Cow"hage\ (kou"h?j), n. [Cf. Hind. kaw[amc]nch,
ko[=a]nch.] (Bot.)
A leguminous climbing plant of the genus {Mucuna}, having
crooked pods covered with sharp hairs, which stick to the
fingers, causing intolerable itching. The spicul[ae] are
sometimes used in medicine as a mechanical vermifuge.
[Written also {couhage}, {cowage}, and {cowitch}.]
Cowhearted \Cow"heart`ed\ (-h?rt`?d), a.
Cowardly.
The Lady Powis . . . patted him with her fan, and
called him a cowhearted fellow. --R. North.
Cowherd \Cow"herd`\ (-h?rd`), n. [AS. c[=u]hyrde; c[=u] cow +
hyrde a herder.]
One whose occupation is to tend cows.
Cowhide \Cow"hide`\ (-h?d`), n.
1. The hide of a cow.
2. Leather made of the hide of a cow.
3. A coarse whip made of untanned leather.
Cowhide \Cow"hide`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cowhided}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cowhiding}.]
To flog with a cowhide.
Cowish \Cow"ish\ (kou"[i^]sh), a. [From {Cow}, v. t.]
Timorous; fearful; cowardly. [R.] --Shak.
Cowish \Cow"ish\, n. (Bot.)
An umbelliferous plant ({Peucedanum Cous}) with edible
tuberous roots, found in Oregon. [Written also {cous}.]
Cowitch \Cow"itch\ (kou"?ch; 224), n. (Bot.)
See {Cowhage}.
Cowl \Cowl\ (koul), n. [AS. cuhle, cugle, cugele; cf. dial. G.
kogel, gugel, OF. coule, goule; all fr. LL. cuculla,
cucullus, fr. L. cucullus cap, hood; perh. akin to celare to
conceal, cella cell. Cf. {Cucullate}.]
1. A monk's hood; -- usually attached to the gown. The name
was also applied to the hood and garment together.
What differ more, you cry, than crown and cowl?
--Pope.
2. A cowl-shaped cap, commonly turning with the wind, used to
improve the draft of a chimney, ventilating shaft, etc.
3. A wire cap for the smokestack of a locomotive.
Cowl \Cowl\, n. [Cf. OF. cuvele, cuvel, dim. of F. cuve tub,
vat, fr. L. cupa. See {Cup}.]
A vessel carried on a pole between two persons, for
conveyance of water. --Johnson.
Cowled \Cowled\ (kould), a.
Wearing a cowl; hooded; as, a cowled monk. ``That cowled
churchman.'' --Emerson.
Cowleech \Cow"leech`\ (kou"l?ch`), n. [2d cow + leech a
physician.]
One who heals diseases of cows; a cow doctor.
Cowleeching \Cow"leech`ing\, n.
Healing the distemper of cows.
Cowlick \Cow"lick`\ (-l?k`), n.
A tuft of hair turned up or awry (usually over the forehead),
as if licked by a cow.
Cowlike \Cow"like`\ (-l?k`), a.
Resembling a cow.
With cowlike udders and with oxlike eyes. --Pope.
Cowlstaff \Cowl"staff`\ (koul"st?f`), n. [Cowl a vessel +
staff.]
A staff or pole on which a vessel is supported between two
persons. --Suckling.
Coworker \Co`work"er\ (k?`w?rk"?r), n.
One who works with another; a co?perator.
Cow parsley \Cow" pars`ley\ (kou` p?rs`l?). (Bot.)
An umbelliferous plant of the genus {Ch[ae]rophyllum} ({C.
temulum} and {C. sylvestre}).
Cow parsnip \Cow" pars`nip\ (-n?p). (Bot.)
A coarse umbelliferous weed of the genus {Heracleum} ({H.
sphondylium} in England, and {H. lanatum} in America).
Cowpea \Cow"pea`\ (-p[=e]`), n.
The seed of one or more leguminous plants of the genus
{Dolichos}; also, the plant itself. Many varieties are
cultivated in the southern part of the United States.
Cowper's glands \Cow"per's glands`\ (kou"p?rz gl?ndz`). [After
the discoverer, William Cowper, an English surgeon.] (Anat.)
Two small glands discharging into the male urethra.
Cow-pilot \Cow"-pi`lot\ (kou"p[imac]`l[u^]t), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A handsomely banded, coral-reef fish, of Florida and the West
Indies ({Pomacentrus saxatilis}); -- called also {mojarra}.
Cowpock \Cow"pock`\ (-p[o^]k`), n.
See {Cowpox}. --Dunglison.
Cowpox \Cow"pox`\ (-p[o^]ks`), n. (Med.)
A pustular eruptive disease of the cow, which, when
communicated to the human system, as by vaccination, protects
from the smallpox; vaccinia; -- called also {kinepox},
{cowpock}, and {kinepock}. --Dunglison.
Cowquake \Cow"quake`\ (-kw[=a]k`), n. (Bot.)
A genus of plants ({Briza}); quaking grass.
Cowrie \Cow"rie\ (-r[y^]), n. (Bot.)
Same as {Kauri}.
Cowrie \Cow"rie\ Cowry \Cow"ry\(kou"r[y^]), n.; pl. {Cowries}
(-r[i^]z). [Hind. kaur[imac].] (Zo["o]l.)
A marine shell of the genus {Cypr[ae]a}.
Note: There are numerous species, many of them ornamental.
Formerly {C. moneta} and several other species were
largely used as money in Africa and some other
countries, and they are still so used to some extent.
The value is always trifling, and varies at different
places.
Cowslip \Cow"slip`\ (-sl[i^]p`), n. [AS. c[=u]slyppe,
c[=u]sloppe, prob. orig., cow's droppings. Cf. {Slop}, n.]
(Bot.)
1. A common flower in England ({Primula veris}) having yellow
blossoms and appearing in early spring. It is often
cultivated in the United States.
2. In the United States, the marsh marigold ({Caltha
palustris}), appearing in wet places in early spring and
often used as a pot herb. It is nearer to a buttercup than
to a true cowslip. See Illust. of {Marsh marigold}.
{American cowslip} (Bot.), a pretty flower of the West
({Dodecatheon Meadia}), belonging to the same order
({Primulace[ae]}) with the English cowslip.
{French cowslip} (Bot.), bear's-ear ({Primula Auricula}).
Cowslipped \Cow"slipped`\ (-sl[i^]pt`), a.
Adorned with cowslips. ``Cowslipped lawns.'' --Keats.
Cow's lungwort \Cow's" lung"wort`\ (kouz" l?ng"w?rt`).
Mullein.
Cow tree \Cow" tree`\ (kou" tr?`). [Cf. SP. palo de vaca.]
(Bot.)
A tree ({Galactodendron utile} or {Brosimum Galactodendron})
of South America, which yields, on incision, a nourishing
fluid, resembling milk.
Cowweed \Cow"weed"\ (-wEd`),, n. (Bot.)
Same as {Cow parsley}.
Cowwheat \Cow"wheat`\ (-hw?t`), n. (Bot.)
A weed of the genus {Melampyrum}, with black seeds, found on
European wheatfields.
Cox \Cox\ (k?ks), n. [OE. cokes. Cf. {Coax}.]
A coxcomb; a simpleton; a gull. [Obs.]
Go; you're a brainless cox, a toy, a fop. --Beau. & Fl.
Coxa \Cox"a\ (k?ks"?), n. [L., the hip.] (Zo["o]l.)
The first joint of the leg of an insect or crustacean.
Coxalgia \Cox*al"gi*a\ (-?l"j?-?), Coxalgy \Cox"al`gy\
(k?ks"?l`j?), n. [NL. coxalgia, fr. L. coxa hip. + Gr. ???
pain: cf. F. coxalgie.] (Med.)
Pain in the hip.
Coxcomb \Cox"comb`\ (k?ks"k?m`), n. [A corrupted spelling of
cock's comb.]
1.
(a) A strip of red cloth notched like the comb of a cock,
which licensed jesters formerly wore in their caps.
(b) The cap itself.
2. The top of the head, or the head itself.
We will belabor you a little better, And beat a
little more care into your coxcombs. --Beau & Fl.
3. A vain, showy fellow; a conceited, silly man, fond of
display; a superficial pretender to knowledge or
accomplishments; a fop.
Fond to be seen, she kept a bevy Of powdered
coxcombs at her levee. --Goldsmith.
Some are bewildered in the maze of schools, And some
made coxcombs, nature meant but fools. --Pope.
4. (Bot.) A name given to several plants of different genera,
but particularly to {Celosia cristata}, or garden
cockscomb. Same as {Cockscomb}.
Coxcombical \Cox*comb"ic*al\ (k?ks-k?m"?-kal), a.
Befitting or indicating a coxcomb; like a coxcomb; foppish;
conceited. -- {Cox*comb"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Studded all over in coxcombical fashion with little
brass nails. --W. Irving.
Coxcombly \Cox"comb"ly\ (k?ks"k?m`l?), a.
like a coxcomb. [Obs.] ``You coxcombly ass, you!'' --Beau. &
Fl.
Coxcombry \Cox"comb`ry\ (-r?), n.
The manners of a coxcomb; foppishness.
Coxcomical \Cox*com"ic*al\ (k?ks-k?m"?-kal), a.
Coxcombical. [R.]
Coxcomically \Cox*com"ic*al*ly\, adv.
Conceitedly. [R.]
Coxswain \Cox"swain`\ (k?k"sw?n, Colloq. k?k"s'n), n.
See {Cockswain}.
Coy \Coy\ (koi), a. [OE. coi quiet, still, OF. coi, coit, fr.L.
quietus quiet, p. p. of quiescere to rest, quie rest; prob.
akin to E. while. See {While}, and cf. {Quiet}, {Quit},
{Quite}.]
1. Quiet; still. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Shrinking from approach or familiarity; reserved; bashful;
shy; modest; -- usually applied to women, sometimes with
an implication of coquetry.
Coy, and difficult to win. --Cowper.
Coy and furtive graces. --W. Irving.
Nor the coy maid, half willings to be pressed, Shall
kiss the cup, to pass it to the rest. --Goldsmith.
3. Soft; gentle; hesitating.
Enforced hate, Instead of love's coy touch, shall
rudely tear thee. --Shak.
Syn: Shy; shriking; reserved; modest; bashful; backward;
distant.
Coy \Coy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coyed} (koid); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Coying}.]
1. To allure; to entice; to decoy. [Obs.]
A wiser generation, who have the art to coy the
fonder sort into their nets. --Bp. Rainbow.
2. To caress with the hand; to stroke.
Come sit thee down upon this flowery bed, While I
thy amiable cheeks do coy. --Shak.
Coy \Coy\, v. i.
1. To behave with reserve or coyness; to shrink from approach
or familiarity. [Obs.]
Thus to coy it, With one who knows you too! --Rowe.
2. To make difficulty; to be unwilling. [Obs.]
If he coyed To hear Cominius speak, I 'll keep at
home. --Shak.
Coyish \Coy"ish\, a.
Somewhat coy or reserved. --Warner.
Coyly \Coy"ly\, adv.
In a coy manner; with reserve.
Coyness \Coy"ness\, n.
The quality of being coy; feigned o? bashful unwillingness to
become familiar; reserve.
When the kind nymph would coyness feign, And hides but
to be found again. --Dryden.
Syn: Reserve; shrinking; shyness; backwardness; modesty;
bashfulness.
Coyote \Coy"o*te\ (k?"?-t? or k?"?t), n. [Spanish Amer., fr.
Mexican coyotl.] (Zo["o]l.)
A carnivorous animal ({Canis latrans}), allied to the dog,
found in the western part of North America; -- called also
{prairie wolf}. Its voice is a snapping bark, followed by a
prolonged, shrill howl.
Coypu \Coy"pu\ (koi"p??), n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A South American rodent ({Myopotamus coypus}), allied to the
beaver. It produces a valuable fur called nutria. [Written
also {coypou}.]
Coystrel \Coys"trel\ (kois"tr[e^]l), n.
Same as {Coistril}.
Coz \Coz\ (k[u^]z), n.
A contraction of cousin. --Shak.
Cozen \Coz"en\ (k?z"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cozened} (-'nd);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Cozening} (-'n-?ng). ] [From cousin, hence,
literally, to deceive through pretext of relationship, F.
cousiner.]
To cheat; to defraud; to beguile; to deceive, usually by
small arts, or in a pitiful way.
He had cozened the world by fine phrases. --Macaulay.
Children may be cozened into a knowledge of the
letters. --Locke.
Goring loved no man so well but that he would cozen
him, and expose him to public mirth for having been
cozened. --Clarendon.
Cozen \Coz"en\, v. i.
To deceive; to cheat; to act deceitfully.
Some cogging, cozening slave. --Shak.
Cozenage \Coz"en*age\ (-[asl]j), n. [See {Cozen}, and cf.
{Cousinage}.]
The art or practice of cozening; artifice; fraud. --Shak.
Cozener \Coz"en*er\ (k?z"'n-?r), n.
One who cheats or defrauds.
Cozier \Co*zier\ (k?"zh?r), n.
See {Cosier}.
Cozily \Co"zi*ly\ (k?"z?-l?), adv.
Snugly; comfortably.
Coziness \Co"zi*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being cozy.
Cozy \Co"zy\ (k?"z?), a. [Compar. {Cozier} (-z?-?r); superl.
{Coziest}.] [Cf. Scot. cosie, cozie, prob. from Gael. cosach
abounding in hollows, or cosagach full of holes or crevices,
snug, sheltered, from cos a hollow, a crevice.]
1. Snug; comfortable; easy; contented. [Written also {cosey}
and {cosy}.]
2. [Cf. F. causer to chat, talk.] Chatty; talkative;
sociable; familiar. [Eng.]
Cozy \Co"zy\, n. [See {Cozy},a.]
A wadded covering for a teakettle or other vessel to keep the
contents hot.
Crab \Crab\ (kr[a^]b), n. [AS. crabba; akin to D. krab, G.
krabbe, krebs, Icel. krabbi, Sw. krabba, Dan. krabbe, and
perh. to E. cramp. Cf. {Crawfish}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) One of the brachyuran Crustacea. They are
mostly marine, and usually have a broad, short body,
covered with a strong shell or carapace. The abdomen is
small and curled up beneath the body.
Note: The name is applied to all the Brachyura, and to
certain Anomura, as the hermit crabs. Formerly, it was
sometimes applied to Crustacea in general. Many species
are edible, the blue crab of the Atlantic coast being
one of the most esteemed. The large European edible
crab is {Cancer padurus}. {Soft-shelled crabs} are blue
crabs that have recently cast their shells. See
{Cancer}; also, {Box crab}, {Fiddler crab}, {Hermit
crab}, {Spider crab}, etc., under {Box}, {Fiddler}.
etc.
2. The zodiacal constellation Cancer.
3. [See {Crab}, a.] (Bot.) A crab apple; -- so named from its
harsh taste.
When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl, Then nightly
sings the staring owl. --Shak.
4. A cudgel made of the wood of the crab tree; a crabstick.
[Obs.] --Garrick.
5. (Mech.)
(a) A movable winch or windlass with powerful gearing,
used with derricks, etc.
(b) A form of windlass, or geared capstan, for hauling
ships into dock, etc.
(c) A machine used in ropewalks to stretch the yarn.
(d) A claw for anchoring a portable machine.
{Calling crab}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Fiddler}., n., 2.
{Crab apple}, a small, sour apple, of several kinds; also,
the tree which bears it; as, the European crab apple
({Pyrus Malus} var. sylvestris); the Siberian crab apple
({Pyrus baccata}); and the American ({Pyrus coronaria}).
{Crab grass}. (Bot.)
(a) A grass ({Digitaria, or Panicum, sanguinalis}); --
called also {finger grass}.
(b) A grass of the genus {Eleusine} ({E. Indica}); --
called also {dog's-tail grass}, {wire grass}, etc.
{Crab louse} (Zo["o]l.), a species of louse ({Phthirius
pubis}), sometimes infesting the human body.
{Crab plover} (Zo["o]l.), an Asiatic plover ({Dromas
ardeola}).
{Crab's eyes}, or {Crab's stones}, masses of calcareous
matter found, at certain seasons of the year, on either
side of the stomach of the European crawfishes, and
formerly used in medicine for absorbent and antacid
purposes; the gastroliths.
{Crab spider} (Zo["o]l.), one of a group of spiders
({Laterigrad[ae]}); -- called because they can run
backwards or sideways like a crab.
{Crab tree}, the tree that bears crab applies.
{Crab wood}, a light cabinet wood obtained in Guiana, which
takes a high polish. --McElrath.
{To catch a crab} (Naut.), a phrase used of a rower:
(a) when he fails to raise his oar clear of the water;
(b) when he misses the water altogether in making a
stroke.
Crab \Crab\ (kr[a^]b), v. t.
1. To make sour or morose; to embitter. [Obs.]
Sickness sours or crabs our nature. --Glanvill.
2. To beat with a crabstick. [Obs.] --J. Fletcher.
Crab \Crab\, v. i. (Naut.)
To drift sidewise or to leeward, as a vessel. --Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
Crab \Crab\, a. [Prob. from the same root as crab, n.]
Sour; rough; austere.
The crab vintage of the neighb'ring coast. --Dryden.
Crabbed \Crab"bed\ (kr?b"b?d), a. [See {Crab},n.]
1. Characterized by or manifesting, sourness, peevishness, or
moroseness; harsh; cross; cynical; -- applied to feelings,
disposition, or manners.
Crabbed age and youth can not live together. --Shak.
2. Characterized by harshness or roughness; unpleasant; --
applied to things; as, a crabbed taste.
3. Obscure; difficult; perplexing; trying; as, a crabbed
author. ``Crabbed eloquence.'' --Chaucer.
How charming is divine philosophy! Not harsh and
crabbed, as dull fools suppose. --Milton.
4. Cramped; irregular; as, crabbed handwriting. --
{Crab"bed*ly}, adv. -- {Crab"bed*ness}, n.
Crabber \Crab"ber\ (kr?b"b?r), n.
One who catches crabs.
Crabbing \Crab"bing\, n.
1. The act or art of catching crabs.
2. (Falconry) The fighting of hawks with each other.
3. (Woolen Manuf.) A process of scouring cloth between rolls
in a machine.
Crabbish \Crab"bish\ (kr[a^]b"b[i^]sh), a.
Somewhat sour or cross.
The whips of the most crabbish Satyristes. --Decker.
Crabby \Crab"by\ (-b[y^]), a.
Crabbed; difficult, or perplexing. ``Persius is crabby,
because ancient.'' --Marston.
Crabeater \Crab"eat`er\ (kr[a^]b"[=e]t`[~e]r), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The cobia.
(b) An etheostomoid fish of the southern United States
({Hadropterus nigrofasciatus}).
(c) A small European heron ({Ardea minuta}, and other allied
species).
Craber \Cra"ber\ (kr[=a]"b[~e]r), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The water rat. --Walton.
Crabfaced \Crab"faced`\ (kr[a^]b"f[=a]st`), a.
Having a sour, disagreeable countenance. --Beau. & Fl.
Crabsidle \Crab"si`dle\ (-s[imac]`d'l), v. i.
To move sidewise, as a crab. [Jocular]. --Southey.
Crabstick \Crab"stick`\ (-st[i^]k`), n.
A stick, cane, or cudgel, made of the wood of the crab tree.
Crab tree \Crab" tree\ (tr[=e]`).
See under {Crab}.
Crab-yaws \Crab"-yaws`\ (kr?b"y?z`), n. (Med.)
A disease in the West Indies. It is a kind of ulcer on the
soles of the feet, with very hard edges. See {Yaws}.
--Dunglison.
Crache \Crache\ (kr[a^]ch), v.
To scratch. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Crack \Crack\ (kr[a^]k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cracked}
(kr[a^]kt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cracking}.] [OE. cracken,
craken, to crack, break, boast, AS. cracian, cearcian, to
crack; akin to D. kraken, G. krachen; cf. Skr. garj to
rattle, or perh. of imitative origin. Cf. {Crake},
{Cracknel}, {Creak}.]
1. To break or burst, with or without entire separation of
the parts; as, to crack glass; to crack nuts.
2. To rend with grief or pain; to affect deeply with sorrow;
hence, to disorder; to distract; to craze.
O, madam, my old heart is cracked. --Shak.
He thought none poets till their brains were
cracked. --Roscommon.
3. To cause to sound suddenly and sharply; to snap; as, to
crack a whip.
4. To utter smartly and sententiously; as, to crack a joke.
--B. Jonson.
5. To cry up; to extol; -- followed by up. [Low]
{To crack a bottle}, to open the bottle and drink its
contents.
{To crack a crib}, to commit burglary. [Slang]
{To crack on}, to put on; as, to crack on more sail, or more
steam. [Colloq.]
Crack \Crack\, v. i.
1. To burst or open in chinks; to break, with or without
quite separating into parts.
By misfortune it cracked in the coling. --Boyle.
The mirror cracked from side to side. --Tennyson.
2. To be ruined or impaired; to fail. [Collog.]
The credit . . . of exchequers cracks, when little
comes in and much goes out. --Dryden.
3. To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound.
As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack. --Shak.
4. To utter vain, pompous words; to brag; to boast; -- with
of. [Archaic.]
Ethoipes of their sweet complexion crack. --Shak.
Crack \Crack\, n.
1. A partial separation of parts, with or without a
perceptible opening; a chink or fissure; a narrow breach;
a crevice; as, a crack in timber, or in a wall, or in
glass.
2. Rupture; flaw; breach, in a moral sense.
My love to thee is sound, sans crack or flaw.
--Shak.
3. A sharp, sudden sound or report; the sound of anything
suddenly burst or broken; as, the crack of a falling
house; the crack of thunder; the crack of a whip.
Will the stretch out to the crack of doom? --Shak.
4. The tone of voice when changed at puberty.
Though now our voices Have got the mannish crack.
--Shak.
5. Mental flaw; a touch of craziness; partial insanity; as,
he has a crack.
6. A crazy or crack-brained person. [Obs.]
I . . . can not get the Parliament to listen to me,
who look upon me as a crack and a projector.
--Addison.
7. A boast; boasting. [Obs.] ``Crack and brags.'' --Burton.
``Vainglorius cracks.'' --Spenser.
8. Breach of chastity. [Obs.] --Shak.
9. A boy, generally a pert, lively boy. [Obs.]
Val. 'T is a noble child. Vir. A crack, madam.
--Shak.
10. A brief time; an instant; as, to be with one in a crack.
[Eng. & Scot. Colloq.]
11. Free conversation; friendly chat. [Scot.]
What is crack in English? . . . A crack is . . . a
chat with a good, kindly human heart in it. --P. P.
Alexander.
Crack \Crack\, a.
Of superior excellence; having qualities to be boasted of.
[Colloq.]
One of our crack speakers in the Commons. --Dickens.
Crack-brained \Crack"-brained`\ (-br[=a]nd`), a.
Having an impaired intellect; whimsical; crazy. --Pope.
Cracked \Cracked\ (kr[a^]kt), a.
1. Coarsely ground or broken; as, cracked wheat.
2. Crack-brained. [Colloq.]
Cracker \Crack"er\ (kr[a^]k"[~e]r), n.
1. One who, or that which, cracks.
2. A noisy boaster; a swaggering fellow. [Obs.]
What cracker is this same that deafs our ears?
--Shak.
3. A small firework, consisting of a little powder inclosed
in a thick paper cylinder with a fuse, and exploding with
a sharp noise; -- often called {firecracker}.
4. A thin, dry biscuit, often hard or crisp; as, a Boston
cracker; a Graham cracker; a soda cracker; an oyster
cracker.
5. A nickname to designate a poor white in some parts of the
Southern United States. --Bartlett.
6. (Zo["o]l.) The pintail duck.
7. pl. (Mach.) A pair of fluted rolls for grinding
caoutchouc. --Knight.
Crackle \Crac"kle\ (kr[a^]k"k'l), v. i. [Dim. of crack.]
To make slight cracks; to make small, sharp, sudden noises,
rapidly or frequently repeated; to crepitate; as, burning
thorns crackle.
The unknown ice that crackles underneath them.
--Dryden.
Crackle \Crac"kle\, n.
1. The noise of slight and frequent cracks or reports; a
crackling.
The crackle of fireworks. --Carlyle.
2. (Med.) A kind of crackling sound or r[^a]le, heard in some
abnormal states of the lungs; as, dry crackle; moist
crackle. --Quain.
3. (Fine Arts) A condition produced in certain porcelain,
fine earthenware, or glass, in which the glaze or enamel
appears to be cracked in all directions, making a sort of
reticulated surface; as, Chinese crackle; Bohemian
crackle.
Crackled \Crac"kled\ (-k'ld), a. (Fine Arts)
Covered with minute cracks in the glaze; -- said of some
kinds of porcelain and fine earthenware.
Crackleware \Crac"kle*ware`\ (-w?r`), n.
See {Crackle}, n., 3.
Crackling \Crac"kling\ (kr?k"kl?ng), n.
1. The making of small, sharp cracks or reports, frequently
repeated.
As the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the
laughter of the fool. --Eccl. vii.
6.
2. The well-browned, crisp rind of roasted pork.
For the first time in his life he tested crackling.
--Lamb.
3. pl. Food for dogs, made from the refuse of tallow melting.
Cracknel \Crack"nel\ (kr?k"n?l), n. [F. craquelin, fr. D.
krakeling, fr. krakken to crack. See {Crack}, v. t.]
A hard brittle cake or biscuit. --Spenser.
Cracksman \Cracks"man\ (kr?ks"man), n., pl. {Cracksmen} (-men).
A burglar. [Slang]
Cracovian \Cra*co"vi*an\ (kr?-k?"v?-an), a.
Of or pertaining to Cracow in Poland.
Cracovienne \Cra*co`vi*enne"\ (kr?-k?`v?-?n"), n. [F., fr.
Cracow, the city.] (Mus.)
A lively Polish dance, in 2-4 time.
Cracowes \Cra"cowes\ (kr?"k?z), n. pl.
Long-toed boots or shoes formerly worn in many parts of
Europe; -- so called from Cracow, in Poland, where they were
first worn in the fourteenth century. --Fairholt.
Cradle \Cra"dle\ (kr[=a]d'l), n. [AS. cradel, cradol, prob. from
Celtic; cf. Gael. creathall, Ir. craidhal, W. cryd a shaking
or rocking, a cradle; perh. akin to E. crate.]
1. A bed or cot for a baby, oscillating on rockers or
swinging on pivots; hence, the place of origin, or in
which anything is nurtured or protected in the earlier
period of existence; as, a cradle of crime; the cradle of
liberty.
The cradle that received thee at thy birth.
--Cowper.
No sooner was I crept out of my cradle But I was
made a king, at nine months old. --Shak.
2. Infancy, or very early life.
From their cradles bred together. --Shak.
A form of worship in which they had been educated
from their cradles. --Clarendon.
3. (Agric.) An implement consisting of a broad scythe for
cutting grain, with a set of long fingers parallel to the
scythe, designed to receive the grain, and to lay it
evenly in a swath.
4. (Engraving) A tool used in mezzotint engraving, which, by
a rocking motion, raises burrs on the surface of the
plate, so preparing the ground.
5. A framework of timbers, or iron bars, moving upon ways or
rollers, used to support, lift, or carry ships or other
vessels, heavy guns, etc., as up an inclined plane, or
across a strip of land, or in launching a ship.
6. (Med.)
(a) A case for a broken or dislocated limb.
(b) A frame to keep the bedclothes from contact with the
person.
7. (Mining)
(a) A machine on rockers, used in washing out auriferous
earth; -- also called a {rocker}. [U.S.]
(b) A suspended scaffold used in shafts.
8. (Carp.) The ribbing for vaulted ceilings and arches
intended to be covered with plaster. --Knight.
9. (Naut.) The basket or apparatus in which, when a line has
been made fast to a wrecked ship from the shore, the
people are brought off from the wreck.
{Cat's cradle}. See under {Cat}.
{Cradle hole}, a sunken place in a road, caused by thawing,
or by travel over a soft spot.
{Cradle scythe}, a broad scythe used in a cradle for cutting
grain.
Cradle \Cra"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cradled} (-d'ld); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Cradling} (-dl?ng).]
1. To lay to rest, or rock, as in a cradle; to lull or quiet,
as by rocking.
It cradles their fears to sleep. --D. A. Clark.
2. To nurse or train in infancy.
He that hath been cradled in majesty will not leave
the throne to play with beggars. --Glanvill.
3. To cut and lay with a cradle, as grain.
4. To transport a vessel by means of a cradle.
In Lombardy . . . boats are cradled and transported
over the grade. --Knight.
{To cradle a picture}, to put ribs across the back of a
picture, to prevent the panels from warping.
Cradle \Cra"dle\, v. i.
To lie or lodge, as in a cradle.
Withered roots and husks wherein the acorn cradled.
--Shak.
Cradling \Cra"dling\ (-dl?ng), n.
1. The act of using a cradle.
2. (Coopering) Cutting a cask into two pieces lengthwise, to
enable it to pass a narrow place, the two parts being
afterward united and rehooped.
3. (Carp.) The framework in arched or coved ceilings to which
the laths are nailed. --Knight.
Craft \Craft\ (kr[.a]ft), n. [AS. cr[ae]ft strength, skill, art,
cunning; akin to OS., G., Sw., & Dan. kraft strength, D.
kracht, Icel. kraptr; perh. originally, a drawing together,
stretching, from the root of E. cramp.]
1. Strength; might; secret power. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Art or skill; dexterity in particular manual employment;
hence, the occupation or employment itself; manual art; a
trade.
Ye know that by this craft we have our wealth.
--Acts xix.
25.
A poem is the work of the poet; poesy is his skill
or craft of making. --B. Jonson.
Since the birth of time, throughout all ages and
nations, Has the craft of the smith been held in
repute. --Longfellow.
3. Those engaged in any trade, taken collectively; a guild;
as, the craft of ironmongers.
The control of trade passed from the merchant guilds
to the new craft guilds. --J. R. Green.
4. Cunning, art, or skill, in a bad sense, or applied to bad
purposes; artifice; guile; skill or dexterity employed to
effect purposes by deceit or shrewd devices.
You have that crooked wisdom which is called craft.
--Hobbes.
The chief priets and the scribes sought how they
might take him by craft, and put him to death.
--Mark xiv. 1.
5. (Naut.) A vessel; vessels of any kind; -- generally used
in a collective sense.
The evolutions of the numerous tiny craft moving
over the lake. --Prof.
Wilson.
{Small crafts}, small vessels, as sloops, schooners, ets.
Craft \Craft\, v. t.
To play tricks; to practice artifice. [Obs.]
You have crafted fair. --Shak.
Craftily \Craft"i*ly\ (-?-l?), adv. [See {Crafty}.]
With craft; artfully; cunningly.
Craftiness \Craft"i*ness\ (kr?ft"?-n?s), n.
Dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose; cunning;
artifice; stratagem.
He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. --Job. v.
13.
Craftless \Craft"less\ (-l?s), a.
Without craft or cunning.
Helpless, craftless, and innocent people. --Jer.
Taylor.
Craftsman \Crafts"man\ (kr?fts"man), n.; pl. {Craftsmen} (-men).
One skilled in some trade or manual occupation; an artificer;
a mechanic.
Craftsmanship \Crafts"man*ship\, n.
The work of a craftsman.
Craftsmaster \Crafts"mas`ter\ (-m?s`t?r), n.
One skilled in his craft or trade; one of superior cunning.
In cunning persuasion his craftsmaster. --Holland.
Crafty \Craft"y\ (kr?ft"?), a. [AS. cr?ftig.]
1. Relating to, or characterized by, craft or skill;
dexterous. [Obs.] ``Crafty work.'' --Piers Plowman.
2. Possessing dexterity; skilled; skillful.
A noble crafty man of trees. --Wyclif.
3. Skillful at deceiving others; characterized by craft;
cunning; wily. ``A pair of crafty knaves.'' --Shak.
With anxious care and crafty wiles. --J. Baillie.
Syn: Skillful; dexterous; cunning; artful; wily; sly;
fraudulent; deceitful; subtle; shrewd. See {Cunning}.
Crag \Crag\ (kr[a^]g), n. [W. craig; akin to Gael. creag, Corn.
karak, Armor. karrek.]
1. A steep, rugged rock; a rough, broken cliff, or point of a
rock, on a ledge.
From crag to crag the signal flew. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. (Geol.) A partially compacted bed of gravel mixed with
shells, of the Tertiary age.
Crag \Crag\, n. [A form of craw: cf. D. kraag neck, collar, G.
kragen. See {Craw}.]
1. The neck or throat [Obs.]
And bear the crag so stiff and so state. --Spenser.
2. The neck piece or scrag of mutton. --Johnson.
Cragged \Crag"ged\ (-g?d), a.
Full of crags, or steep, broken ??cks; abounding with
prominences, points, and inequalities; rough; rugged.
Into its cragged rents descend. --J. Baillie.
Cradgedness \Crad"ged*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being cragged; cragginess.
Cragginess \Crag"gi*ness\ (-g?-n?s), n.
The state of being craggy.
Craggy \Crag"gy\ (kr[a^]g"g[y^]), a.
Full of crags; rugged with projecting points of rocks; as,
the craggy side of a mountain. ``The craggy ledge.''
--Tennyson.
Cragsman \Crags"man\ (kr[a^]gz"man), n.; pl. {Cragsmen} (-men).
One accustomed to climb rocks or crags; esp., one who makes a
business of climbing the cliffs overhanging the sea to get
the eggs of sea birds or the birds themselves.
Craie \Craie\ (kr[=a]), n.
See {Crare}. [Obs.]
Craig flounder \Craig" floun`der\ (kr[=a]g" floun`d[~e]r).
[Scot. craig a rock. See 1st {Crag}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The pole flounder.
Crail \Crail\ (kr[=a]l), n. [See {Creel}.]
A creel or osier basket.
Crake \Crake\ (kr[=a]k), v. t. & i. [See {Crack}.]
1. To cry out harshly and loudly, like the bird called crake.
2. To boast; to speak loudly and boastfully. [Obs.]
Each man may crake of that which was his own. --Mir.
for Mag.
Crake \Crake\, n.
A boast. See {Crack}, n. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Crake \Crake\, n. [Cf. Icel. kr[=a]ka crow, kr[=a]kr raven, Sw.
kr[*a]ka, Dan. krage; perh. of imitative origin. Cf. {Crow}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any species or rail of the genera {Crex} and {Porzana}; -- so
called from its singular cry. See {Corncrake}.
Crakeberry \Crake"ber`ry\ (-b?r`r?), n. (Bot.)
See {Crowberry}.
Craker \Crak"er\ (kr?k"?r), n.
One who boasts; a braggart. [Obs.] --Old Play.
Cram \Cram\ (kr[a^]m), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crammed} (kr[a^]md);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Cramming}.] [AS. crammian to cram; akin to
Icel. kremja to squeeze, bruise, Sw. krama to press. Cf.
{Cramp}.]
1. To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in
thrusting one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to
fill to superfluity; as, to cram anything into a basket;
to cram a room with people.
Their storehouses crammed with grain. --Shak.
He will cram his brass down our throats. --Swift.
2. To fill with food to satiety; to stuff.
Children would be freer from disease if they were
not crammed so much as they are by fond mothers.
--Locke.
Cram us with praise, and make us As fat as tame
things. --Shak.
3. To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing
or study, as in preparation for an examination; as, a
pupil is crammed by his tutor.
Cram \Cram\, v. i.
1. To eat greedily, and to satiety; to stuff.
Gluttony . . . . Crams, and blasphemes his feeder.
--Milton.
2. To make crude preparation for a special occasion, as an
examination, by a hasty and extensive course of memorizing
or study. [Colloq.]
Cram \Cram\, n.
1. The act of cramming.
2. Information hastily memorized; as, a cram from an
examination. [Colloq.]
3. (Weaving) A warp having more than two threads passing
through each dent or split of the reed.
Crambo \Cram"bo\ (-b[-o]), n. [Cf. {Cramp}, a., difficult.]
1. A game in which one person gives a word, to which another
finds a rhyme.
I saw in one corner . . . a cluster of men and
women, diverting themselves with a game at crambo. I
heard several double rhymes . . . which raised a
great deal of mirth. --Addison.
2. A word rhyming with another word.
His similes in order set And every crambo he could
get. --Swift.
{Dumb crambo}, a game in which one party of players give a
word which rhymes with another, which last to be guessed
by the opposing party, who represent in dumb show what
they think it to be.
Crammer \Cram"mer\ (kr[a^]m"m[~e]r), n.
One who crams; esp., one who prepares a pupil hastily for an
examination, or a pupil who is thus prepared. --Dickens.
Cramoisie \Cra*moi"sie\ Cramoisy \Cra*moi"sy\(kr?-moi"z?), a.
[F. cramoisi crimson. See {Crimson}.]
Crimson. [Obs.]
A splendid seignior, magnificent in cramoisy velevet.
--Motley.
Cramp \Cramp\ (kr[a^]mp), n. [OE. crampe, craumpe; akin to D. &
Sw. kramp, Dan. krampe, G. krampf (whence F. crampe), Icel.
krappr strait, narrow, and to E. crimp, crumple; cf. cram.
See {Grape}.]
1. That which confines or contracts; a restraint; a shackle;
a hindrance.
A narrow fortune is a cramp to a great mind.
--L'Estrange.
Crippling his pleasures with the cramp of fear.
--Cowper.
2. (Masonry) A device, usually of iron bent at the ends, used
to hold together blocks of stone, timbers, etc.; a cramp
iron.
3. (Carp.) A rectangular frame, with a tightening screw, used
for compressing the joints of framework, etc.
4. A piece of wood having a curve corresponding to that of
the upper part of the instep, on which the upper leather
of a boot is stretched to give it the requisite shape.
5. (Med.) A spasmodic and painful involuntary contraction of
a muscle or muscles, as of the leg.
The cramp, divers nights, gripeth him in his legs.
--Sir T. More.
{Cramp bone}, the patella of a sheep; -- formerly used as a
charm for the cramp. --Halliwell. ``He could turn cramp
bones into chess men.'' --Dickens.
{Cramp ring}, a ring formerly supposed to have virtue in
averting or curing cramp, as having been consecrated by
one of the kings of England on Good Friday.
Cramp \Cramp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cramped} (kr?mt; 215); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cramping}.]
1. To compress; to restrain from free action; to confine and
contract; to hinder.
The mind my be as much cramped by too much knowledge
as by ignorance. --Layard.
2. To fasten or hold with, or as with, a cramp.
3. Hence, to bind together; to unite.
The . . . fabric of universal justic is well cramped
and bolted together in all its parts. --Burke.
4. To form on a cramp; as, to cramp boot legs.
5. To afflict with cramp.
When the gout cramps my joints. --Ford.
{To cramp the wheels of wagon}, to turn the front wheels out
of line with the hind wheels, so that one of them shall be
against the body of the wagon.
Cramp \Cramp\, a. [See {Cramp}, n.]
Knotty; difficult. [R.]
Care being taken not to add any of the cramp reasons
for this opinion. --Coleridge.
Crampet \Cram"pet\ (kr?m"p?t), n. [See {Cramp},n.] (Mil.)
A cramp iron or cramp ring; a chape, as of a scabbard.
[Written also {crampit} and {crampette}.]
Crampfish \Cramp"fish`\ (kr?mp"f?sh`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch of which gives an
electric shock. See {Electric fish}, and {Torpedo}.
Cramp iron \Cramp" i`ron\ (?`rn).
See {Cramp}, n., 2.
Crampit \Cram"pit\ (kr[a^]m"p[i^]t), n. (Mil.)
See {Crampet}.
Crampon \Cram"pon\ (kr[a^]m"p[o^]n), n. [F. See {Crampoons}.]
(Bot.)
An a[eum]rial rootlet for support in climbing, as of ivy.
Cramponee \Cram`po*nee"\ (kr[a^]m`p?-n?"), a. [F. cramponn['e].
See {Crampoons}.] (Her.)
Having a cramp or square piece at the end; -- said of a cross
so furnished.
Crampoons \Cram*poons"\ (kr[a^]m*p[=oo]nz"), n. pl. [F. crampon,
fr. OHG. chramph crooked; akin to G. krampf cramp. See
{Cramp},n., and cf. {Crampon}.]
1. A clutch formed of hooked pieces of iron, like double
calipers, for raising stones, lumber, blocks of ice, etc.
2. Iron instruments with sharp points, worn on the shoes to
assist in gaining or keeping a foothold.
Crampy \Cramp"y\ (kr[a^]mp"[y^]),
1. Affected with cramp.
2. Productive of, or abounding in, cramps. ``This crampy
country.'' --Howitt.
Cran \Cran\ (kr[a^]n), Crane \Crane\ (kr[=a]n), n. [Scot., fr.
Gael. crann.]
A measure for fresh herrings, -- as many as will fill a
barrel. [Scot.] --H. Miller.
Cranage \Cran"age\ (kr[=a]n"[asl]j), n. [See {Crane}.]
1. The liberty of using a crane, as for loading and unloading
vessels.
2. The money or price paid for the use of a crane.
Cranberry \Cran"ber*ry\ (kr[a^]n"b[e^]r*r[y^]), n.; pl.
{Cranberries} (-r[i^]z). [So named from its fruit being ripe
in the spring when the cranes return. --Dr. Prior.] (Bot.)
A red, acid berry, much used for making sauce, etc.; also,
the plant producing it (several species of {Vaccinum} or
{Oxycoccus}.) The {high cranberry} or {cranberry tree} is a
species of {Viburnum} ({V. Opulus}), and the other is
sometimes called {low cranberry} or {marsh cranberry} to
distinguish it.
Cranch \Cranch\ (kr?nch), v. t.
See {Craunch}.
Crane \Crane\ (kr[=a]n), n. [AS. cran; akin to D. & LG. craan,
G. kranich, krahn (this in sense 2), Gr. ge`ranos, L. grus,
W. & Armor. garan, OSlav. zerav[i^], Lith. gerve, Icel.
trani, Sw. trana, Dan. trane. [root]24. Cf. {Geranium}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A wading bird of the genus {Grus}, and allied
genera, of various species, having a long, straight bill,
and long legs and neck.
Note: The common European crane is {Grus cinerea}. The
sand-hill crane ({G. Mexicana}) and the whooping crane
({G. Americana}) are large American species. The
Balearic or crowned crane is {Balearica pavonina}. The
name is sometimes erroneously applied to the herons and
cormorants.
2. A machine for raising and lowering heavy weights, and,
while holding them suspended, transporting them through a
limited lateral distance. In one form it consists of a
projecting arm or jib of timber or iron, a rotating post
or base, and the necessary tackle, windlass, etc.; -- so
called from a fancied similarity between its arm and the
neck of a crane See Illust. of {Derrick}.
3. An iron arm with horizontal motion, attached to the side
or back of a fireplace, for supporting kettles, etc., over
a fire.
4. A siphon, or bent pipe, for drawing liquors out of a cask.
5. (Naut.) A forked post or projecting bracket to support
spars, etc., -- generally used in pairs. See {Crotch}, 2.
{Crane fly} (Zo["o]l.), a dipterous insect with long legs, of
the genus {Tipula}.
{Derrick crane}. See {Derrick}.
{Gigantic crane}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Adjutant}, n., 3.
{Traveling crane}, {Traveler crane}, {Traversing crane}
(Mach.), a crane mounted on wheels; esp., an overhead
crane consisting of a crab or other hoisting apparatus
traveling on rails or beams fixed overhead, as in a
machine shop or foundry.
{Water crane}, a kind of hydrant with a long swinging spout,
for filling locomotive tenders, water carts, etc., with
water.
Crane \Crane\ (kr[=a]n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Craned}
(kr[=a]nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Craning}.]
1. To cause to rise; to raise or lift, as by a crane; -- with
up. [R.]
What engines, what instruments are used in craning
up a soul, sunk below the center, to the highest
heavens. --Bates.
An upstart craned up to the height he has.
--Massinger.
2. To stretch, as a crane stretches its neck; as, to crane
the neck disdainfully. --G. Eliot.
crane \crane\, v. i.
to reach forward with head and neck, in order to see better;
as, a hunter cranes forward before taking a leap.
--Beaconsfield. Thackeray.
The passengers eagerly craning forward over the
bulwarks. --Howells.
Crane's-bill \Crane's"-bill`\ (kr?nz"b?l`), n.
1. (Bot.) The geranium; -- so named from the long axis of the
fruit, which resembles the beak of a crane. --Dr. Prior.
2. (Surg.) A pair of long-beaked forceps.
Crang \Crang\ (kr?ng), n.
See {Krang}.
Crania \Cra"ni*a\ (kr?"n?-?), n. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of living Brachiopoda; -- so called from its fancied
resemblance to the cranium or skull.
Cranial \Cra"ni*al\ (kr?"n?-a]/>l), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the cranium.
Cranioclasm \Cra"ni*o*clasm\ (kr?"n?-?-kl?z'm), n. [Cranium +
Gr. ??? to break.] (Med.)
The crushing of a child's head, as with the cranioclast or
craniotomy forceps in cases of very difficult delivery.
--Dunglison.
Cranioclast \Cra"ni*o*clast\ (-kl?st), n. (Med.)
An instrument for crushing the head of a fetus, to facilitate
delivery in difficult eases.
Craniofacial \Cra`ni*o*fa"cial\ (-f?"shal), a.
Of or pertaining to the cranium and face; as, the
craniofacial angle.
Craniognomy \Cra`ni*og"no*my\ (-?g"n?-m?), n. [Cranium + Gr.
????, ?????. to know.]
The science of the form and characteristics of the skull.
[R.]
Craniological \Cra`ni*o*log"ic*al\ (-?-l?j"?-kal), a.
Of or pertaining to craniology.
Craniologist \Cra`ni*ol"o*gist\ (-?l"?-j?st), n.
One proficient in craniology; a phrenologist.
Craniology \Cra`ni*ol"o*gy\ (-j?), n. [Cranium + -logy.]
The department of science (as of ethnology or arch[ae]ology)
which deals with the shape, size, proportions, indications,
etc., of skulls; the study of skulls.
Craniometer \Cra`ni*om"e*ter\ (kr?`n?-?m"?-t?r), n. [Cranium +
-meter.]
An instrument for measuring the size of skulls.
Craniometric \Cra`ni*o*met"ric\ (-?-m?t"r?k), Craniometrical
\Cra`ni*o*met"ric*al\ (-r?-kal), a.
Pertaining to craniometry.
Craniometry \Cra`ni*om"e*try\ (kr?`n?-?m"?-tr?), n.
The art or act of measuring skulls.
Cranioscopist \Cra`ni*os"co*pist\ (kr?`n?-?s"k?-p?st), n.
One skilled in, or who practices, cranioscopy.
It was found of equal dimension in a literary man whose
skull puzzied the cranioscopists. --Coleridge.
Cranioscopy \Cra`ni*os"co*py\ (-p?), n. [Cranium + -scopy.]
Scientific examination of the cranium.
Craniota \Cra`ni*o"ta\ (kr?`n?-?t?), n. pl. [NL., fr. cranium.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A comprehensive division of the Vertebrata, including all
those that have a skull.
Craniotomy \Cra`ni*ot"o*my\ (kr?`n?-?t"?-m?), n. [Cranium + Gr.
???? to cut off.] (Med.)
The operation of opening the fetal head, in order to effect
delivery.
Cranium \Cra"ni*um\ (kr?"n?-?m), n.; pl. E. {Craniums} (-?mz),
L. {Crania} (-?). [NL., fr. Gr. ????; akin to ??? head.]
The skull of an animal; especially, that part of the skull,
either cartilaginous or bony, which immediately incloses the
brain; the brain case or brainpan. See {Skull}.
Crank \Crank\ (kr?nk), n. [OE. cranke; akin to E. cringe,
cringle, crinkle, and to crank, a., the root meaning,
probably, ``to turn, twist.'' See {Cringe}.]
1. (Mach.) A bent portion of an axle, or shaft, or an arm
keyed at right angles to the end of a shaft, by which
motion is imparted to or received from it; also used to
change circular into reciprocating motion, or
reciprocating into circular motion. See {Bell crank}.
2. Any bend, turn, or winding, as of a passage.
So many turning cranks these have, so many crooks.
--Spenser.
3. A twist or turn in speech; a conceit consisting in a
change of the form or meaning of a word.
Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles. --Milton.
4. A twist or turn of the mind; caprice; whim; crotchet;
also, a fit of temper or passion. [Prov. Eng.]
Violent of temper; subject to sudden cranks.
--Carlyle.
5. A person full of crotchets; one given to fantastic or
impracticable projects; one whose judgment is perverted in
respect to a particular matter. [Colloq.]
6. A sick person; an invalid. [Obs.]
Thou art a counterfeit crank, a cheater. --Burton.
{Crank axle} (Mach.), a driving axle formed with a crank or
cranks, as in some kinds of locomotives.
{Crank pin} (Mach.), the cylindrical piece which forms the
handle, or to which the connecting rod is attached, at the
end of a crank, or between the arms of a double crank.
{Crank shaft}, a shaft bent into a crank, or having a crank
fastened to it, by which it drives or is driven.
{Crank wheel}, a wheel acting as a crank, or having a wrist
to which a connecting rod is attached.
Crank \Crank\ (kr?nk), a. [AS. cranc weak; akin to Icel. krangr,
D. & G. krank sick, weak (cf. D. krengen to careen). Cf.
{Crank}, n.]
1. Sick; infirm. [Prov. Eng.]
2. (Naut.) Liable to careen or be overset, as a ship when she
is too narrow, or has not sufficient ballast, or is loaded
too high, to carry full sail.
3. Full of spirit; brisk; lively; sprightly; overconfident;
opinionated.
He who was, a little before, bedrid, . . . was now
crank and lusty. --Udall.
If you strong electioners did not think you were
among the elect, you would not be so crank about it.
--Mrs. Stowe.
Crank \Crank\, v. i. [See {Crank}, n.]
To run with a winding course; to double; to crook; to wind
and turn.
See how this river comes me cranking in. --Shak.
Crankbird \Crank"bird`\ (-b?rd`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small European woodpecker ({Picus minor}).
Cranked \Cranked\ (kr?nkt), a.
Formed with, or having, a bend or crank; as, a cranked axle.
Crankiness \Crank"i*ness\ (kr?nk"?-n?s), n.
Crankness. --Lowell.
Crankle \Cran"kle\ (kr?n"k'l), v. t. [Cf. {Crinkle}.]
To break into bends, turns, or angles; to crinkle.
Old Veg's stream . . . drew her humid train aslope,
Crankling her banks. --J. Philips.
Crankle \Cran"kle\, v. i.
To bend, turn, or wind.
Along the crankling path. --Drayton.
Crankle \Cran"kle\, n.
A bend or turn; a twist; a crinkle.
Crankness \Crank"ness\ (kr?nk"n?s), n.
1. (Naut.) Liability to be overset; -- said of a ship or
other vessel.
2. Sprightliness; vigor; health.
Cranky \Crank"y\ (-?), a.
1. Full of spirit; crank.
2. Addicted to crotchets and whims; unreasonable in opinions;
crotchety. [Colloq.]
3. Unsteady; easy to upset; crank.
Crannied \Cran"nied\ (kr?n"n?d), a.
Having crannies, chinks, or fissures; as, a crannied wall.
--Tennyson.
Crannog \Cran"nog\ (kr?n"n?g), Crannoge \Cran"noge\ (kr?n"n?j),
n. [From Celtic; cf. Gael. crann a tree.]
One of the stockaded islands in Scotland and Ireland which in
ancient times were numerous in the lakes of both countries.
They may be regarded as the very latest class of prehistoric
strongholds, reaching their greatest development in early
historic times, and surviving through the Middle Ages. See
also {Lake dwellings}, under {Lake}. --Encyc. Brit.
Cranny \Cran"ny\ (kr[a^]n"n[y^]), n.; pl. {Crannies} (-n[i^]z).
[F. cran notch, prob. from L. crena (a doubful word).]
1. A small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice, or chink, as in
a wall, or other substance.
In a firm building, the cavities ought not to be
filled with rubbish, but with brick or stone fitted
to the crannies. --Dryden.
He peeped into every cranny. --Arbuthnot.
2. (Glass Making) A tool for forming the necks of bottles,
etc.
Cranny \Cran"ny\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Crannied} (-n?d); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Crannying}.]
1. To crack into, or become full of, crannies. [R.]
The ground did cranny everywhere. --Golding.
2. To haunt, or enter by, crannies.
All tenantless, save to the crannying wind. --Byron.
Cranny \Cran"ny\, a. [Perh. for cranky. See {Crank}, a. ]
Quick; giddy; thoughtless. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Crantara \Cran*ta"ra\ (kr?n-t?"r? or -t?"r?), n. [Gael.
cranntara.]
The fiery cross, used as a rallying signal in the Highlands
of Scotland.
Crants \Crants\ (kr[a^]nts), n. [Cf. D. krans, G. kranz.]
A garland carried before the bier of a maiden. [Obs.]
Yet here she is allowed her virgin crants, Her maiden
strewments. --Shak.
Crapaudine \Crap"au*dine\ (kr?p"?-d?n), a. [F., n.] (Arch.)
Turning on pivots at the top and bottom; -- said of a door.
Crapaudine \Crap"au*dine\, n. [F.] (Far.)
An ulcer on the coronet of a horse. --Bailey.
Crape \Crape\ (kr[=a]p), n. [F. cr[^e]pe, fr. L. crispus curled,
crisped. See {Crisp}.]
A thin, crimped stuff, made of raw silk gummed and twisted on
the mill. Black crape is much used for mourning garments,
also for the dress of some clergymen.
A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn. --Pope.
{Crape myrtle} (Bot.), a very ornamental shrub
({Lagerstr["o]mia Indica}) from the East Indies, often
planted in the Southern United States. Its foliage is like
that of the myrtle, and the flower has wavy crisped
petals.
{Oriental crape}. See {Canton crape}.
Crape \Crape\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Craped} (kr[=a]pt); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Craping}.] [F. cr[^e]per, fr. L. crispare to curl,
crisp, fr. crispus. See {Crape}, n.]
To form into ringlets; to curl; to crimp; to friz; as, to
crape the hair; to crape silk.
The hour for curling and craping the hair. --Mad.
D'Arblay.
Crapefish \Crape"fish`\ (kr?p"f?sh`), n.
Salted codfish hardened by pressure. --Kane.
Crapnel \Crap"nel\ (kr?p"nel), n.
A hook or drag; a grapnel.
Crappie \Crap"pie\ (kr?p"p?), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of fresh-water bass of the genus {Pomoxys}, found in
the rivers of the Southern United States and Mississippi
valley. There are several species. [Written also {croppie}.]
Crapple \Crap"ple\ (kr?p"p'l), n. [See {Graple}.]
A claw. [Obs.]
Craps \Craps\ (kr?ps), n.
A gambling game with dice. [Local, U.S.]
Crapula \Crap"u*la\ (kr?p"?-l?), Crapule \Crap"ule\ (kr?p"?l),
n. [L. crapula intoxication.]
Same as {Crapulence}.
Crapulence \Crap"u*lence\ (-?-lens), n.
The sickness occasioned by intemperance; surfeit. --Bailey.
Crapulent \Crap"u*lent\ (-lent), Crapulous \Crap"u*lous\ (-l?s),
a. [L. crapulentus, crapulosus: cf. F. crapuleux.]
Surcharged with liquor; sick from excessive indulgence in
liquor; drunk; given to excesses. [R.]
Crapy \Crap"y\ (kr?p"?), a.
Resembling crape.
Crare \Crare\ (kr?r), n. [OF. craier, creer, croyer, ship of
war, LL. craiera, creyera, perh. from G. krieger warrior, or
D. krijger.]
A slow unwieldy trading vessel. [Obs.] [Written also
{crayer}, {cray}, and {craie}.] --Shak.
Crase \Crase\ (kr?z), v. t. [See {Craze}.]
To break in pieces; to crack. [Obs.] ``The pot was crased.''
--Chaucer.
Crash \Crash\ (kr?sh>), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crashed} (kr?sht);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Crashing}.] [OE. crashen, the same word as
crasen to break, E. craze. See {Craze}.]
To break in pieces violently; to dash together with noise and
violence. [R.]
He shakt his head, and crasht his teeth for ire.
--Fairfax.
Crash \Crash\, v. i.
1. To make a loud, clattering sound, as of many things
falling and breaking at once; to break in pieces with a
harsh noise.
Roofs were blazing and walls crashing in every part
of the city. --Macaulay.
2. To break with violence and noise; as, the chimney in
falling crashed through the roof.
Crash \Crash\, n.
1. A loud, sudden, confused sound, as of many things falling
and breaking at once.
The wreck of matter and the crash of worlds.
--Addison.
2. Ruin; failure; sudden breaking down, as of a business
house or a commercial enterprise.
Crash \Crash\, n. [L. crassus coarse. See {Crass}.]
Coarse, heavy, narrow linen cloth, used esp. for towels.
Crashing \Crash"ing\, n.
The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
There shall be . . . a great crashing from the hills.
--Zeph. i. 10.
Crasis \Cra"sis\ (kr?"s?s), n. [LL., temperament, fr. Gr. ????,
fr. ???? to mix.]
1. (Med.) A mixture of constituents, as of the blood;
constitution; temperament.
2. (Gram.) A contraction of two vowels (as the final and
initial vowels of united words) into one long vowel, or
into a diphthong; syn[ae]resis; as, cogo for coago.
Craspedota \Cras`pe*do"ta\ (kr?s`p?-d?"t?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
???? to be bordered or edged.] (Zo["o]l.)
The hydroid or naked-eyed medus[ae]. See {Hydroidea}.
Craspedote \Cras"pe*dote\ (kr?s"p?-d?t), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Craspedota.
Crass \Crass\ (kr?s), a. [L. crassus thick, fat, gross, prob.
orig., closely woven. See {Grease} animal fat, and cf.
{Crate}, {Hurdle}.]
Gross; thick; dense; coarse; not elaborated or refined.
``Crass and fumid exhalations.'' --Sir. T. Browne. ``Crass
ignorance'' --Cudworth.
Crassament \Cras"sa*ment\ (kr?s"s?-ment), Crassamentum
\Cras`sa*men"tum\ (-m?n"t?m), n. [L. crassamentum, fr. crassare
to make thick. See {Crass}, a.]
A semisolid mass or clot, especially that formed in
coagulation of the blood.
Crassiment \Cras"si*ment\ (kr?s"s?-ment), n.
See {Crassament}.
Crassitude \Cras"si*tude\ (-t?d), n. [L. crassitudo.]
Grossness; coarseness; thickness; density. --Bacon.
Crassness \Crass"ness\ (kr?s"n?s), n.
Grossness. [Obs.] --Glanvill.
Crastination \Cras`ti*na"tion\ (kr?s`t?-n?"sh?n), n. [L.
crastinus of to-morrow, from cras to-morrow.]
Procrastination; a putting off till to-morrow. [Obs.]
Crataegus \Cra*t[ae]"gus\ (kr?-t?"g?s), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
krataigo`s.] (Bot.)
A genus of small, hardy trees, including the hawthorn, much
used for ornamental purposes.
Cratch \Cratch\ (kr?ch; 224), n. [OE. cracche, crecche, F.
cr[`e]che crib, manger, fr. OHG. krippa, krippea, G. krippe
crib. See {Crib}.]
A manger or open frame for hay; a crib; a rack. [Obs.]
Begin from first where He encradled was, In simple
cratch, wrapt in a wad of hay. --Spenser.
{Cratch cradle}, a representation of the figure of the
cratch, made upon the fingers with a string; cat's cradle;
-- called also {scratch cradle}.
Crate \Crate\ (kr?t), n. [L. cratis hurdle; perh. akin to E.
cradle. See {Hurdle}, and cf. {Crate} a framework.]
1. A large basket or hamper of wickerwork, used for the
transportation of china, crockery, and similar wares.
2. A box or case whose sides are of wooden slats with
interspaces, -- used especially for transporting fruit.
Crate \Crate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Crating}.]
To pack in a crate or case for transportation; as, to crate a
sewing machine; to crate peaches.
Crater \Cra"ter\ (kr?t?r), n. [L. crater, cratera, a mixing
vessel, the mouth of a volcano, Gr. krath`r, fr. keranny`nai
to mix; cf. Skr. [,c]r[imac] to mix, [,c]ir to cook,
[,c]r[=a] to cook. Cf. {Grail}, in Holy Grail.]
1. The basinlike opening or mouth of a volcano, through which
the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a
geyser, about which a cone of silica is often built up.
2. (Mil.) The pit left by the explosion of a mine.
3. (Astron.) A constellation of the southen hemisphere; --
called also the {Cup}.
Crateriform \Cra*ter"i*form\ (kr?-t?r"?-f?rm), a. [L. cratera +
-form.] (Bot.)
Having the form of a shallow bowl; -- said of a corolla.
Craterous \Cra"ter*ous\ (kr?"t?r-?s), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a crater. [R.] --R. Browning.
Craunch \Craunch\ (kr?nch), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Craunched}
(kr?ncht); p. pr. & vb. n. {Craunching}.] [See {Crunch}.]
To crush with the teeth; to chew with violence and noise; to
crunch. --Swift.
Cravat \Cra*vat"\ (kr?-v?t"), n. [F. cravate, fr. Cravate a
Croat, an inhabitant of Croatia, one of a body of Austrian
troops, from whom, in 1636, this article of dress was adopted
in France.]
A neckcloth; a piece of silk, fine muslin, or other cloth,
worn by men about the neck.
While his wig was combed and his cravat tied.
--Macaulay.
Cravatted \Cra*vat`ted\ (kr?-v?t"t?d), a.
Wearing a cravat.
The young men faultlessly appointed, handsomely
cravatted. --Thackeray.
Crave \Crave\ (kr[=a]v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Craved}
(kr[=a]vd); p pr. & vb. n. {Craving}.] [AS. crafian; akin to
Icel. krefja, Sw. kr[aum]fva, Dan. kr[ae]ve.]
1. To ask with earnestness or importunity; to ask with
submission or humility; to beg; to entreat; to beseech; to
implore.
I crave your honor's pardon. --Shak.
Joseph . . . went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved
the body of Jesus. --Mark xv. 43.
2. To call for, as a gratification; to long for; hence, to
require or demand; as, the stomach craves food.
His path is one that eminently craves weary walking.
--Edmund
Gurney.
Syn: To ask; seek; beg; beseech; implore; entreat; solicit;
request; supplicate; adjure.
Crave \Crave\, v. i.
To desire strongly; to feel an insatiable longing; as, a
craving appetite.
Once one may crave for love. --Suckling.
Craven \Cra"ven\ (kr?"v'n), a. [OE. cravant, cravaunde, OF.
cravant? struck down, p. p. of cravanter, crevanter, to
break, crush, strike down, fr. an assumed LL. crepantare, fr.
L. crepans, p. pr. of crepare to break, crack, rattle. Cf.
{Crevice}, {Crepitate}.]
Cowardly; fainthearted; spiritless. ``His craven heart.''
--Shak.
The poor craven bridegroom said never a word. --Sir. W.
Scott.
In craven fear of the sarcasm of Dorset. --Macaulay.
Craven \Cra"ven\, n. [Formerly written also cravant and
cravent.]
A recreant; a coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. See
{Recreant}, n.
King Henry. Is it fit this soldier keep his oath?
Fluellen. He is a craven and a villain else. --Shak.
Syn: Coward; poltroon; dastard.
Craven \Cra"ven\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cravened} (-v'nd); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Cravening}.]
To make recreant, weak, spiritless, or cowardly. [Obs.]
There is a prohibition so divine, That cravens my weak
hand. --Shak.
Craver \Crav"er\ (kr?v"?r), n.
One who craves or begs.
Craving \Crav"ing\ (-?ng), n.
Vehement or urgent desire; longing for; beseeching.
A succession of cravings and satiety. --L'Estrange.
-- {Crav"ing*ly}, adv. -- {Crav"ing*ness}, n.
Craw \Craw\ (kr[add]), n. [Akin to D. kraag neck, collar, G.
kragen, Sw. kr[aum]fva craw, Dan. kro, and possibly to Gr.
???? (E. bronchus), or bro`chqos throat. [root]25. Cf. {Crag}
neck.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The crop of a bird.
(b) The stomach of an animal.
Crawfish \Craw"fish`\ (kr[add]"f[i^]sh`), Crayfish \Cray"fish`\
(kr[=a]"f[i^]sh`), n.; pl. {-fishes} or {-fish}. [Corrupted
fr. OE. crevis, creves, OF. crevice, F. ['e]crevisse, fr.
OHG. krebiz crab, G. krebs. See {Crab}. The ending -fish
arose from confusion with E. fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any crustacean of the family {Astacid[ae]}, resembling the
lobster, but smaller, and found in fresh waters. Crawfishes
are esteemed very delicate food both in Europe and America.
The North American species are numerous and mostly belong to
the genus {Cambarus}. The blind crawfish of the Mammoth Cave
is {Cambarus pellucidus}. The common European species is
{Astacus fluviatilis}.
Crawford \Craw"ford\ (kr[add]"f[~e]rd), n.
A Crawford peach; a well-known freestone peach, with yellow
flesh, first raised by Mr. William Crawford, of New Jersey.
Crawl \Crawl\ (kr[add]l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Crawled}
(kr[add]ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crawling}.] [Dan. kravle, or
Icel. krafla, to paw, scrabble with the hands; akin to Sw.
kr[aum]la to crawl; cf. LG. krabbeln, D. krabbelen to
scratch.]
1. To move slowly by drawing the body along the ground, as a
worm; to move slowly on hands and knees; to creep.
A worm finds what it searches after only by feeling,
as it crawls from one thing to another. --Grew.
2. Hence, to move or advance in a feeble, slow, or timorous
manner.
He was hardly able to crawl about the room.
--Arbuthnot.
The meanest thing that crawl'd beneath my eyes.
--Byron.
3. To advance slowly and furtively; to insinuate one's self;
to advance or gain influence by servile or obsequious
conduct.
Secretly crawling up the battered walls. --Knolles.
Hath crawled into the favor of the king. --Shak.
Absurd opinions crawl about the world. --South.
4. To have a sensation as of insect creeping over the body;
as, the flesh crawls. See {Creep}, v. i., 7.
Crawl \Crawl\ (kr?l), n.
The act or motion of crawling; slow motion, as of a creeping
animal.
Crawl \Crawl\, n. [Cf. {Kraal}.]
A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on the seacoast, for
holding fish.
Crawler \Crawl"er\ (kr?l"?r), n.
One who, or that which, crawls; a creeper; a reptile.
Crawly \Crawl"y\ (kr?l"?), a.
Creepy. [Colloq.]
Cray \Cray\ (kr[=a]), Crayer \Cray"er\ (-[~e]r), n.
See {Crare}. [Obs.]
Crayfish \Cray"fish\ (kr[=a]"f[i^]sh), n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Crawfish}.
Crayon \Cray"on\ (kr?"?n), n. [F., a crayon, a lead pencil
(crayon Cont['e] Cont['e]'s pencil, i. e., one made a black
compound invented by Cont['e]), fr. craie chalk, L. creta;
said to be, properly, Cretan earth, fr. Creta the island
Crete. Cf. {Cretaceous}.]
1. An implement for drawing, made of clay and plumbago, or of
some preparation of chalk, usually sold in small prisms or
cylinders.
Let no day pass over you . . . without giving some
strokes of the pencil or the crayon. --Dryden.
Note: The black crayon gives a deeper black than the lead
pencil. This and the colored crayons are often called
chalks. The red crayon is also called sanguine. See
{Chalk}, and {Sanguine}.
2. A crayon drawing.
3. (Electricity) A pencil of carbon used in producing
electric light.
{Crayon board}, cardboard with a surface prepared for crayon
drawing.
{Crayon drawing}, the act or art of drawing with crayons; a
drawing made with crayons.
Crayon \Cray"on\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crayoned} (-?nd); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Crayoning}.] [Cf. F. crayonner.]
To sketch, as with a crayon; to sketch or plan.
He soon afterwards composed that discourse, conformably
to the plan which he had crayoned out. --Malone.
Craze \Craze\ (kr[=a]z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crazed}
(kr[=a]zd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crazing}.] [OE. crasen to break,
fr. Scand., perh. through OF.; cf. Sw. krasa to crackle,
sl[*a] i kras, to break to pieces, F. ['e]craser to crush,
fr. the Scand. Cf. {Crash}.]
1. To break into pieces; to crush; to grind to powder. See
{Crase}.
God, looking forth, will trouble all his host, And
craze their chariot wheels. --Milton.
2. To weaken; to impair; to render decrepit. [Obs.]
Till length of years, And sedentary numbness, craze
my limbs. --Milton.
3. To derange the intellect of; to render insane.
Any man . . . that is crazed and out of his wits.
--Tilloston.
Grief hath crazed my wits. --Shak.
Craze \Craze\, v. i.
1. To be crazed, or to act or appear as one that is crazed;
to rave; to become insane.
She would weep and he would craze. --Keats.
2. To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or pottery.
Craze \Craze\, n.
1. Craziness; insanity.
2. A strong habitual desire or fancy; a crotchet.
It was quite a craze with him [Burns] to have his
Jean dressed genteelly. --Prof.
Wilson.
3. A temporary passion or infatuation, as for same new
amusement, pursuit, or fashion; as, the bric-a-brac craze;
the [ae]sthetic craze.
Various crazes concerning health and disease. --W.
Pater.
Crazedness \Craz"ed*ness\ (-?d-n?s), n.
A broken state; decrepitude; an impaired state of the
intellect.
Craze-mill \Craze"-mill`\ (kr[=a]z"m[i^]l`), Crazing-mill
\Craz"ing-mill`\ (kr?"z?ng-), n. [See 1st {Craze}.]
A mill for grinding tin ore.
Crazily \Cra"zi*ly\ (kr[=a]"z[i^]*l[y^]), adv.
In a crazy manner.
Craziness \Cra"zi*ness\, n.
1. The state of being broken down or weakened; as, the
craziness of a ship, or of the limbs.
2. The state of being broken in mind; imbecility or weakness
of intellect; derangement.
Crazy \Cra"zy\ (kr[=a]"z[y^]), a. [From {Craze}.]
1. Characterized by weakness or feebleness; decrepit; broken;
falling to decay; shaky; unsafe.
Piles of mean andcrazy houses. --Macaulay.
One of great riches, but a crazy constitution.
--Addison.
They . . . got a crazy boat to carry them to the
island. --Jeffrey.
2. Broken, weakened, or dissordered in intellect; shattered;
demented; deranged.
Over moist and crazy brains. --Hudibras.
3. Inordinately desirous; foolishly eager. [Colloq.]
The girls were crazy to be introduced to him. --R.
B. Kimball.
{Crazy bone}, the bony projection at the end of the elbow
(olecranon), behind which passes the ulnar nerve; -- so
called on account of the curiously painful tingling felt,
when, in a particular position, it receives a blow; --
called also {funny bone}.
{Crazy quilt}, a bedquilt made of pieces of silk or other
material of various sizes, shapes, and colors, fancifully
stitched together without definite plan or arrangement.
Creable \Cre"a*ble\ (kr?"?-b'l), a. [L. creabilis, from creare
to create. See {Create}.]
Capable of being created. [Obs.] --I. Watts.
Creaght \Creaght\ (kr?t), n. [Ir. & Gael. graidh, graigh.]
A drove or herd. [Obs.] --Haliwell.
Creaght \Creaght\, v. i.
To graze. [Obs.] --Sir. L. Davies.
Creak \Creak\ (kr[=e]k), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Creaked}
(kr[=e]kt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Creaking}.] [OE. creken, prob.
of imitative origin; cf. E. crack, and. D. krieken to
crackle, chirp.]
To make a prolonged sharp grating or squeaking sound, as by
the friction of hard substances; as, shoes creak.
The creaking locusts with my voice conspire. --Dryden.
Doors upon their hinges creaked. --Tennyson.
Creak \Creak\, v. t.
To produce a creaking sound with.
Creaking my shoes on the plain masonry. --Shak.
Creak \Creak\ (kr[=e]k), n.
The sound produced by anything that creaks; a creaking.
--Roget.
Creaking \Creak"ing\, n.
A harsh grating or squeaking sound, or the act of making such
a sound.
Start not at the creaking of the door. --Longfellow.
Cream \Cream\ (kr[=e]m), n. [F. cr[^e]me, perh. fr. LL. crema
cream of milk; cf. L. cremor thick juice or broth, perh. akin
to cremare to burn.]
1. The rich, oily, and yellowish part of milk, which, when
the milk stands unagitated, rises, and collects on the
surface. It is the part of milk from which butter is
obtained.
2. The part of any liquor that rises, and collects on the
surface. [R.]
3. A delicacy of several kinds prepared for the table from
cream, etc., or so as to resemble cream.
4. A cosmetic; a creamlike medicinal preparation.
In vain she tries her paste and creams, To smooth
her skin or hide its seams. --Goldsmith.
5. The best or choicest part of a thing; the quintessence;
as, the cream of a jest or story; the cream of a
collection of books or pictures.
Welcome, O flower and cream of knights errant.
--Shelton.
{Bavarian cream}, a preparation of gelatin, cream, sugar, and
eggs, whipped; -- to be eaten cold.
{Cold cream}, an ointment made of white wax, almond oil, rose
water, and borax, and used as a salve for the hands and
lips.
{Cream cheese}, a kind of cheese made from curd from which
the cream has not been taken off, or to which cream has
been added.
{Cream gauge}, an instrument to test milk, being usually a
graduated glass tube in which the milk is placed for the
cream to rise.
{Cream nut}, the Brazil nut.
{Cream of lime}.
(a) A scum of calcium carbonate which forms on a solution
of milk of lime from the carbon dioxide of the air.
(b) A thick creamy emulsion of lime in water.
{Cream of tartar} (Chem.), purified tartar or argol; so
called because of the crust of crystals which forms on the
surface of the liquor in the process of purification by
recrystallization. It is a white crystalline substance,
with a gritty acid taste, and is used very largely as an
ingredient of baking powders; -- called also {potassium
bitartrate}, {acid potassium tartrate}, etc.
Cream \Cream\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Creamed} (kr?md); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Creaming}.]
1. To skim, or take off by skimming, as cream.
2. To take off the best or choicest part of.
3. To furnish with, or as with, cream.
Creaming the fragrant cups. --Mrs.
Whitney.
{To cream butter} (Cooking), to rub, stir, or beat, butter
till it is of a light creamy consistency.
Cream \Cream\, v. i.
To form or become covered with cream; to become thick like
cream; to assume the appearance of cream; hence, to grow
stiff or formal; to mantle.
There are a sort of men whose visages Do cream and
mantle like a standing pool. --Shak.
Creamcake \Cream"cake`\ (-k?k`), n. (Cookery)
A kind of cake filled with custard made of cream, eggs, etc.
Cream-colored \Cream"-col`ored\ (-k?l`?rd), a.
Of the color of cream; light yellow. ``Cream-colored
horses.'' --Hazlitt.
Creamery \Cream"er*y\ (-?r-?), n.; pl. {Creameries} (-?z). [CF.
F. cr?meric.]
1. A place where butter and cheese are made, or where milk
and cream are put up in cans for market.
2. A place or apparatus in which milk is set for raising
cream.
3. An establishment where cream is sold.
Cream-faced \Cream"-faced`\ (kr?m"f?st`), a.
White or pale, as the effect of fear, or as the natural
complexion.
Thou cream-faced loon. --Shak.
Cream-fruit \Cream"-fruit`\ (kr?m"fr?t`), n. (Bot.)
A plant of Sierra Leone which yields a wholesome, creamy
juice.
Creaminess \Cream"i*ness\ (-?-n?s), n.
The quality of being creamy.
Cream laid \Cream" laid`\ (kr?m" l?d`).
See under {Laid}.
Cream-slice \Cream"-slice`\ (-sl?s`), n.
A wooden knife with a long thin blade, used in handling cream
or ice cream.
Cream-white \Cream"-white`\ (-hw?t`), a.
As white as cream.
Creamy \Cream"y\ (kr?m"?), a.
Full of, or containing, cream; resembling cream, in nature,
appearance, or taste; creamlike; unctuous. ``Creamy bowls.''
--Collins. ``Lines of creamy spray.'' --Tennyson. ``Your
creamy words but cozen.'' --Beau. & Fl.
Creance \Cre"ance\ (kr[=e]"ans), n. [F. cr['e]ance, lit.,
credence, fr. L. credere to trust. See {Credence}.]
1. Faith; belief; creed. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. (Falconry) A fine, small line, fastened to a hawk's leash,
when it is first lured.
Creance \Cre"ance\ (kr[=e]"ans), v. i. & t.
To get on credit; to borrow. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Creant \Cre"ant\ (kr[=e]"ant), a. [L. creans, p. pr. of creare
to create.]
Creative; formative. [R.] --Mrs. Browning.
Crease \Crease\ (kr[=e]s), n.
See {Creese}. --Tennyson.
Crease \Crease\, n. [Cf. LG. krus, G. krause, crispness,
krausen, kr[aum]usen, to crisp, curl, lay on folds; or perh.
of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. kriz a wrinkle, crease, kriza to
wrinkle, fold, W. crych a wrinkle, crychu to rumple, ripple,
crease.]
1. A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable
substance; hence, a similar mark, however produced.
2. (Cricket) One of the lines serving to define the limits of
the bowler and the striker.
{Bowling crease} (Cricket), a line extending three feet four
inches on each side of the central strings at right angles
to the line between the wickets.
{Return crease} (Cricket), a short line at each end of the
bowling crease and at right angles to it, extending toward
the bowler.
{Popping crease} (Cricket),, a line drawn in front of the
wicket, four feet distant from it, parallel to the bowling
crease and at least as long as the latter. --J. H. Walsh
(Encyc. of Rural Sports).
Crease \Crease\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Creased} (kr?st); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Creasing}.]
To make a crease or mark in, as by folding or doubling.
Creased, like dog's ears in a folio. --Gray.
Creaser \Creas"er\ (kr?s"?r), n.
1. A tool, or a sewing-machine attachment, for making lines
or creases on leather or cloth, as guides to sew by.
2. A tool for making creases or beads, as in sheet iron, or
for rounding small tubes.
3. (Bookbinding) A tool for making the band impression
distinct on the back. --Knight.
Creasing \Creas"ing\ (kr[=e]s"[i^]ng), n. (Arch.)
A layer of tiles forming a corona for a wall. --Knight.
Creasote \Cre"a*sote\ (kr[=e]"[.a]*s[=o]t), n.
See {Creosote}.
Creasy \Creas"y\ (kr?s"?), a.
Full of creases. --Tennyson.
Creat \Cre"at\ (kr[=e]"[a^]t), n. [F. cr['e]at, ultimately fr.
L. creatus created, begotten; cf. It. creato pupil, servant,
Sp. criado a servant, client.] (Man.)
An usher to a riding master.
Creatable \Cre*at"a*ble\ (kr?-?"t?-b'l), a.
That may be created.
Create \Cre*ate"\ (kr[-e]*[=a]t"), a.[L. creatus, p. p. of
creare to create; akin to Gr. krai`nein to accomplish, Skr.
k[.r] to make, and to E. ending -cracy in aristocracy, also
to crescent, cereal.]
Created; composed; begotten. [Obs.]
Hearts create of duty and zeal. --Shak.
Create \Cre*ate"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Created}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Creating}.]
1. To bring into being; to form out of nothing; to cause to
exist.
In the beginning, God created the heaven and the
earth. --Gen. i. 1.
2. To effect by the agency, and under the laws, of causation;
to be the occasion of; to cause; to produce; to form or
fashion; to renew.
Your eye in Scotland Would create soldiers. --Shak.
Create in me a clean heart. --Ps. li. 10.
3. To invest with a new form, office, or character; to
constitute; to appoint; to make; as, to create one a peer.
``I create you companions to our person.'' --Shak.
Creatic \Cre*at"ic\ (kr?-?t"?k), a. [Gr. ???, ???, flesh.]
Relating to, or produced by, flesh or animal food; as,
creatic nausea. [Written also {kreatic}.]
Creatin \Cre"a*tin\ (kr?"?-t?n), n. [Gr. ??? flesh.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance found abundantly
in muscle tissue. [Written also {kreatine}.]
Creatinin \Cre*at"i*nin\ (kr?-?t"?-n?n), n. (Physiol. Chem.)
A white, crystalline, nitrogenous body closely related to
creatin but more basic in its properties, formed from the
latter by the action of acids, and occurring naturally in
muscle tissue and in urine. [Written also {kretinine}.]
Creation \Cre*a"tion\ (kr?-A"sh?n), n. [L. creatio: cf. F.
cr?ation. See {Create}.]
1. The act of creating or causing to exist. Specifically, the
act of bringing the universe or this world into existence.
From the creation to the general doom. --Shak.
As when a new particle of matter dotn begin to
exist, in rerum natura, which had before no being;
and this we call creation. --Locke.
2. That which is created; that which is produced or caused to
exist, as the world or some original work of art or of the
imagination; nature.
We know that the whole creation groaneth. --Rom.
viii. 22.
A dagger of the mind, a false creation. --Shak.
Choice pictures and creations of curious art.
--Beaconsfield.
3. The act of constituting or investing with a new character;
appointment; formation.
An Irish peer of recent creation. --Landor.
Creational \Cre*a"tion*al\ (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to creation.
Creationism \Cre*a"tion*ism\ (-?z'm), n.
The doctrine that a soul is specially created for each human
being as soon as it is formed in the womb; -- opposed to
traducianism.
Creative \Cre*a"tive\ (-t?v), a.
Having the power to create; exerting the act of creation.
``Creative talent.'' --W. Irving.
The creative force exists in the germ. --Whewell.
Creativeness \Cre*a"tive*ness\, n.
The quality of being creative.
Cretor \Cre*"tor\ (kr?-?"t?r), n. [L. creator: cf. F. cr?ateur.]
One who creates, produces, or constitutes. Specifically, the
Supreme Being.
To sin's rebuke and my Creater's praise. --Shak.
The poets and artists of Greece, who are at the same
time its prophets, the creators of its divinities, and
the revealers of its theological beliefs. --Caird.
Creatorship \Cre*a"tor*ship\, n.
State or condition of a creator.
Creatress \Cre*a"tress\, n. [L. creatrix: cf. F. cr['e]atrice.]
She who creates. --Spenser.
Creatrix \Cre*a"trix\ (-tr?ks), n. [L.]
A creatress. [R.]
Creatural \Crea"tur*al\ (kr?"t?r-a]/>l; 135), a.
Belonging to a creature; having the qualities of a creature.
[R.]
Creature \Crea"ture\ (kr?"t?r; 135), n. [F. cr?ature, L.
creatura. See {Create}.]
1. Anything created; anything not self-existent; especially,
any being created with life; an animal; a man.
He asked water, a creature so common and needful
that it was against the law of nature to deny him.
--Fuller.
God's first creature was light. --Bacon.
On earth, join, all ye creatures, to extol Him
first, him last, him midst, and without end.
--Milton.
And most attractive is the fair result Of thought,
the creature of a polished mind. --Cowper.
2. A human being, in pity, contempt, or endearment; as, a
poor creature; a pretty creature.
The world hath not a sweeter creature. --Shak.
3. A person who owes his rise and fortune to another; a
servile dependent; an instrument; a tool.
A creature of the queen's, Lady Anne Bullen. --Shak.
Both Charles himself and his creature, Laud.
--Macaulay.
4. A general term among farmers for horses, oxen, etc.
{Creature comforts}, those which minister to the comfort of
the body.
Cratureless \Cra"ture*less\, a.
Without created beings; alone.
God was alone And creatureless at first. --Donne.
Creaturely \Crea"ture*ly\, a.
Creatural; characteristic of a creature. [R.] ``Creaturely
faculties.'' --Cheyne.
Creatureship \Crea"ture*ship\, n.
The condition of being a creature.
Creaturize \Crea"tur*ize\ (-[imac]z), v. t.
To make like a creature; to degrade [Obs.]
Degrade and creaturize that mundane soul. --Cudworth.
Creaze \Creaze\ (kr[=e]z), n. (Mining)
The tin ore which collects in the central part of the washing
pit or buddle.
Crebricostate \Cre`bri*cos"tate\ (kr[=e]`br[i^]*k[o^]s"t[asl]t),
a. [L. creber close + costa rib.] (Zo["o]l.)
Marked with closely set ribs or ridges.
Crebrisulcate \Cre`bri*sul"cate\ (kr[=e]`br[i^]*s[u^]l"k[asl]t),
a. [L. creber close + sulcus furrow.] (Zo["o]l.)
Marked with closely set transverse furrows.
Crebritude \Creb"ri*tude\ (kr[=e]b"r[i^]*t[=u]d), n. [L.
crebritudo, fr. creber close.]
Frequency. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Crebrous \Cre"brous\ (kr[=e]"br[u^]s), a. [L. creber close set,
frequent.]
Frequent; numerous. [Obs.] --Goodwin.
Creche \Cr[`e]che\ (kr[asl]sh), n. [F.]
A public nursery, where the young children of poor women are
cared for during the day, while their mothers are at work.
Credence \Cre"dence\ (kr[=e]"dens), n. [LL. credentia, fr. L.
credens, -entis, p. pr. of credere to trust, believe: cf. OF.
credence. See {Creed}, and cf. {Credent}, {Creance}.]
1. Reliance of the mind on evidence of facts derived from
other sources than personal knowledge; belief; credit;
confidence.
To give credence to the Scripture miracles.
--Trench.
An assertion which might easily find credence.
--Macaulay.
2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief, or confidence;
as, a letter of credence.
3. (Eccl.) The small table by the side of the altar or
communion table, on which the bread and wine are placed
before being consecrated.
4. A cupboard, sideboard, or cabinet, particularly one
intended for the display of rich vessels or plate, and
consisting chiefly of open shelves for that purpose.
Credence \Cre"dence\, v. t.
To give credence to; to believe. [Obs.]
Credendum \Cre*den"dum\ (kr?-d?n"d?m), n.; pl. {Credenda} (-d?).
[L., fr. credere to believe.] (Theol.)
A thing to be believed; an article of faith; -- distinguished
from {agendum}, a practical duty.
The great articles and credenda of Christianity.
--South.
Credent \Cre"dent\ (kr?"dent), a. [. credens, -entis, p. pr. of
credere to trust, believe. See {Creed}.]
1. Believing; giving credence; credulous. [R.]
If with too credent ear you list songs. --Shak.
2. Having credit or authority; credible. [Obs.]
For my authority bears of a credent bulk. --Shak.
Credential \Cre*den"tial\ (kr[-e]*d[e^]n"shal), a. [Cf. It.
credenziale, fr. LL. credentia. See {Credence}.]
Giving a title or claim to credit or confidence; accrediting.
Their credential letters on both sides. --Camden.
Credential \Cre*den"tial\, n. [Cf. It. credenziale.]
1. That which gives a title to credit or confidence.
2. pl. Testimonials showing that a person is entitled to
credit, or has right to exercise official power, as the
letters given by a government to an ambassador or envoy,
or a certificate that one is a duly elected delegate.
The committee of estates excepted against the
credentials of the English commissioners.
--Whitelocke.
Had they not shown undoubted credentials from the
Divine Person who sent them on such a message.
--Addison.
Credibility \Cred`i*bil"i*ty\ (kr[e^]d`[i^]*b[i^]l"[i^]*t[y^]),
n. [Cf. F. cr['e]dibilit['e].]
The quality of being credible; credibleness; as, the
credibility of facts; the credibility of witnesses.
Credible \Cred"i*ble\ (kr[e^]d"[i^]*b'l), a. [L. credibilis, fr.
credere. See {Creed}.]
Capable of being credited or believed; worthy of belief;
entitled to confidence; trustworthy.
Things are made credible either by the known condition
and quality of the utterer or by the manifest
likelihood of truth in themselves. --Hooker.
A very diligent and observing person, and likewise very
sober and credible. --Dampier.
Credibleness \Cred"i*ble*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being credible; worthiness of belief;
credibility. [R.] --Boyle.
Credibly \Cred"i*bly\, adv.
In a manner inducing belief; as, I have been credibly
informed of the event.
Credit \Cred"it\ (kr[e^]d"[i^]t), n. [F. cr['e]dit (cf. It.
credito), L. creditum loan, prop. neut. of creditus, p. p. of
credere to trust, loan, believe. See {Creed}.]
1. Reliance on the truth of something said or done; belief;
faith; trust; confidence.
When Jonathan and the people heard these words they
gave no credit unto them, nor received them. --1
Macc. x. 46.
2. Reputation derived from the confidence of others; esteem;
honor; good name; estimation.
John Gilpin was a citizen Of credit and renown.
--Cowper.
3. A ground of, or title to, belief or confidence; authority
derived from character or reputation.
The things which we properly believe, be only such
as are received on the credit of divine testimony.
--Hooker.
4. That which tends to procure, or add to, reputation or
esteem; an honor.
I published, because I was told I might please such
as it was a credit to please. --Pope.
5. Influence derived from the good opinion, confidence, or
favor of others; interest.
Having credit enough with his master to provide for
his own interest. --Clarendon.
6. (Com.) Trust given or received; expectation of future
playment for property transferred, or of fulfillment or
promises given; mercantile reputation entitling one to be
trusted; -- applied to individuals, corporations,
communities, or nations; as, to buy goods on credit.
Credit is nothing but the expectation of money,
within some limited time. --Locke.
7. The time given for payment for lands or goods sold on
trust; as, a long credit or a short credit.
8. (Bookkeeping) The side of an account on which are entered
all items reckoned as values received from the party or
the category named at the head of the account; also, any
one, or the sum, of these items; -- the opposite of
{debit}; as, this sum is carried to one's credit, and that
to his debit; A has several credits on the books of B.
{Bank credit}, or {Cash credit}. See under {Cash}.
{Bill of credit}. See under {Bill}.
{Letter of credit}, a letter or notification addressed by a
banker to his correspondent, informing him that the person
named therein is entitled to draw a certain sum of money;
when addressed to several different correspondents, or
when the money can be drawn in fractional sums in several
different places, it is called a {circular letter of
credit}.
{Public credit}.
(a) The reputation of, or general confidence in, the
ability or readiness of a government to fulfill its
pecuniary engagements.
(b) The ability and fidelity of merchants or others who
owe largely in a community.
He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and
it sprung upon its feet. --D. Webster.
Credit \Cred"it\ (kr[e^]d"[i^]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Credited}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Crediting}.]
1. To confide in the truth of; to give credence to; to put
trust in; to believe.
How shall they credit A poor unlearned virgin?
--Shak.
2. To bring honor or repute upon; to do credit to; to raise
the estimation of.
You credit the church as much by your government as
you did the school formerly by your wit. --South.
3. (Bookkeeping) To enter upon the credit side of an account;
to give credit for; as, to credit the amount paid; to set
to the credit of; as, to credit a man with the interest
paid on a bond.
{To credit with}, to give credit for; to assign as justly due
to any one.
Crove, Helmholtz, and Meyer, are more than any
others to be credited with the clear enunciation of
this doctrine. --Newman.
Creditable \Cred"it*a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
1. Worthy of belief. [Obs.]
Divers creditable witnesses deposed. --Ludlow.
2. Deserving or possessing reputation or esteem; reputable;
estimable.
This gentleman was born of creditable parents.
--Goldsmith.
3. Bringing credit, reputation, or honor; honorable; as, such
conduct is highly creditable to him. --Macaulay.
He settled him in a good creditable way of living.
--Arbuthnot.
Creditableness \Cred"it*a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being creditable.
Creditably \Cred"it*a*bly\ (-?-bl?), adv.
In a creditable manner; reputably; with credit.
Cr'edit foncier \Cr['e]`dit" fon`cier"\ (kr?d?" f?n`s??"). [F.
cr['e]dit credit & foncier relating to land, landed.]
A company licensed for the purpose of carrying out
improvements, by means of loans and advances upon real
securities.
Cr'edit mobilier \Cr['e]`dit" mo`bi`lier"\ (m?`b?`ly?"). [F.
cr['e]dit credit & mobilier personal, pertaining to personal
property.]
A joint stock company, formed for general banking business,
or for the construction of public works, by means of loans on
personal estate, after the manner of the {cr['e]dit foncier}
on real estate. In practice, however, this distinction has
not been strictly observed.
Creditor \Cred"it*or\ (kr?d"?t-?r), n. [L.: cf. F. cr?diteur.
See {Credit}.]
1. One who credits, believes, or trusts.
The easy creditors of novelties. --Daniel.
2. One who gives credit in business matters; hence, one to
whom money is due; -- correlative to debtor.
Creditors have better memories than debtors.
--Franklin.
Creditress \Cred"it*ress\ (kr?d"?t-r?s), Creditrix \Cred"i*trix\
(kr?d"?-tr?ks), n. [L. creditrix.]
A female creditor.
Credo \Cre"do\ (kr?"d?), n. [L. See {Creed}.]
The creed, as sung or read in the Roman Catholic church.
He repeated Aves and Credos. --Macaulay.
Credulity \Cre*du"li*ty\ (kr?-d?"l?-t?), n. [L. credulitas, fr.
credulus: cf. F. cr['e]dulit['e]. See {Credulous}.]
Readiness of belief; a disposition to believe on slight
evidence.
That implict credulity is the mark of a feeble mind
will not be disputed. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Credulous \Cred"u*lous\ (kr?d"?-l?s; 135), a. [L. credulus, fr.
credere. See {Creed}.]
1. Apt to believe on slight evidence; easily imposed upon;
unsuspecting. --Landor.
Eve, our credulous mother. --Milton.
2. Believed too readily. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Credulously \Cred"u*lous*ly\, adv.
With credulity.
Credulousness \Cred"u*lous*ness\, n.
Readiness to believe on slight evidence; credulity.
Beyond all credulity is the credulousness of atheists.
--S. Clarke.
Creed \Creed\ (kr[=e]d), n. [OE. credo, crede, AS. creda, fr. L.
credo I believe, at the beginning of the Apostles' creed, fr.
credere to believe; akin to OIr. cretim I believe, and Skr.
[,c]raddadh[=a]mi; [,c]rat trust + dh[=a] to put. See {Do},
v. t., and cf. {Credo}, {Grant}.]
1. A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a summary of
the articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith for
public use; esp., one which is brief and comprehensive.
In the Protestant system the creed is not
co["o]rdinate with, but always subordinate to, the
Bible. --Schaff-Herzog
Encyc.
2. Any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered
to.
I love him not, nor fear him; there's my creed.
--Shak.
{Apostles' creed}, {Athanasian creed}, {Nicene creed}. See
under {Apostle}, {Athanasian}, {Nicene}.
Creed \Creed\, v. t.
To believe; to credit. [Obs.]
That part which is so creeded by the people. --Milton.
Creedless \Creed"less\, a.
Without a creed. --Carlyle.
Creek \Creek\ (kr[=e]k), n. [AS. crecca; akin to D. kreek, Icel.
kriki crack, nook; cf. W. crig crack, crigyll ravine, creek.
Cf. {Crick}, {Crook}.]
1. A small inlet or bay, narrower and extending further into
the land than a cove; a recess in the shore of the sea, or
of a river.
Each creek and cavern of the dangerous shore.
--Cowper.
They discovered a certain creek, with a shore.
--Acts xxvii.
39.
2. A stream of water smaller than a river and larger than a
brook.
Lesser streams and rivulets are denominated creeks.
--Goldsmith.
3. Any turn or winding.
The passages of alleys, creeks, and narrow lands.
--Shak.
Creekfish \Creek"fish\ (kr?k"f?sh), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The chub sucker.
Creeks \Creeks\ (kr[=e]ks), n. pl.; sing. {Creek}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe or confederacy of North American Indians, including
the Muskogees, Seminoles, Uchees, and other subordinate
tribes. They formerly inhabited Georgia, Florida, and
Alabama.
Creeky \Creek"y\ (kr[=e]k"[y^]), a.
Containing, or abounding in, creeks; characterized by creeks;
like a creek; winding. ``The creeky shore.'' --Spenser.
Creel \Creel\ (kr[=e]l), n. [Gael. craidhleag basket, creel.]
1. An osier basket, such as anglers use. --Sir W. Scott.
2. (Spinning) A bar or set of bars with skewers for holding
paying-off bobbins, as in the roving machine, throstle,
and mule.
Creep \Creep\ (kr[=e]p), v. t. [imp. {Crept} (kr[e^]pt) ({Crope}
(kr[=o]p), Obs.); p. p. {Crept}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Creeping}.]
[OE. crepen, creopen, AS. cre['o]pan; akin to D. kruipen, G.
kriechen, Icel. krjupa, Sw. krypa, Dan. krybe. Cf. {Cripple},
{Crouch}.]
1. To move along the ground, or on any other surface, on the
belly, as a worm or reptile; to move as a child on the
hands and knees; to crawl.
Ye that walk The earth, and stately tread, or lowly
creep. --Milton.
2. To move slowly, feebly, or timorously, as from
unwillingness, fear, or weakness.
The whining schoolboy . . . creeping, like snail,
Unwillingly to school. --Shak.
Like a guilty thing, I creep. --Tennyson.
3. To move in a stealthy or secret manner; to move
imperceptibly or clandestinely; to steal in; to insinuate
itself or one's self; as, age creeps upon us.
The sophistry which creeps into most of the books of
argument. --Locke.
Of this sort are they which creep into houses, and
lead captive silly women. --2. Tim. iii.
6.
4. To slip, or to become slightly displaced; as, the
collodion on a negative, or a coat of varnish, may creep
in drying; the quicksilver on a mirror may creep.
5. To move or behave with servility or exaggerated humility;
to fawn; as, a creeping sycophant.
To come as humbly as they used to creep. --Shak.
6. To grow, as a vine, clinging to the ground or to some
other support by means of roots or rootlets, or by
tendrils, along its length. ``Creeping vines.'' --Dryden.
7. To have a sensation as of insects creeping on the skin of
the body; to crawl; as, the sight made my flesh creep. See
{Crawl}, v. i., 4.
8. To drag in deep water with creepers, as for recovering a
submarine cable.
Creep \Creep\, n.
1. The act or process of creeping.
2. A distressing sensation, or sound, like that occasioned by
the creeping of insects.
A creep of undefinable horror. --Blackwood's
Mag.
Out of the stillness, with gathering creep, Like
rising wind in leaves. --Lowell.
3. (Mining) A slow rising of the floor of a gallery,
occasioned by the pressure of incumbent strata upon the
pillars or sides; a gradual movement of mining ground.
Creeper \Creep"er\ (kr[=e]p"[~e]r), n.
1. One who, or that which, creeps; any creeping thing.
Standing waters are most unwholesome, . . . full of
mites, creepers; slimy, muddy, unclean. --Burton.
2. (Bot.) A plant that clings by rootlets, or by tendrils, to
the ground, or to trees, etc.; as, the Virginia creeper
(Ampelopsis quinquefolia).
3. (Zo["o]l.) A small bird of the genus {Certhia}, allied to
the wrens. The brown or common European creeper is {C.
familiaris}, a variety of which (var. Americana) inhabits
America; -- called also {tree creeper} and {creeptree}.
The American black and white creeper is {Mniotilta varia}.
4. A kind of patten mounted on short pieces of iron instead
of rings; also, a fixture with iron points worn on a shoe
to prevent one from slipping.
5. pl. A spurlike device strapped to the boot, which enables
one to climb a tree or pole; -- called often {telegraph
creepers}.
6. A small, low iron, or dog, between the andirons.
7. pl. An instrument with iron hooks or claws for dragging at
the bottom of a well, or any other body of water, and
bringing up what may lie there.
8. Any device for causing material to move steadily from one
part of a machine to another, as an apron in a carding
machine, or an inner spiral in a grain screen.
9. pl. (Arch.) Crockets. See {Crocket}.
Creephole \Creep"hole`\ (-h?l`), n.
1. A hole or retreat into which an animal may creep, to
escape notice or danger.
2. A subterfuge; an excuse.
Creepie \Creep"ie\ (-[y^]), n.
A low stool. [Scot.]
Creepiness \Creep"i*ness\ (-[i^]-n[e^]s), n.
An uneasy sensation as of insects creeping on the skin.
She felt a curious, uneasy creepiness. --Mrs.
Alexander.
Creeping \Creep"ing\, a.
1. Crawling, or moving close to the ground. ``Every creeping
thing.'' --Gen. vi. 20.
2. Growing along, and clinging to, the ground, or to a wall,
etc., by means of rootlets or tendrils.
Casements lined with creeping herbs. --Cowper.
{Ceeping crowfoot} (Bot.), a plant, the {Ranunculus repens}.
{Creeping snowberry}, an American plant ({Chiogenes
hispidula}) with white berries and very small round leaves
having the flavor of wintergreen.
Creepingly \Creep"ing*ly\, adv.
by creeping slowly; in the manner of a reptile; insidiously;
cunningly.
How slily and creepingly did he address himself to our
first parents. --South.
Creeple \Cree"ple\ (kr[=e]"p'l), n. [See {Cripple}.]
1. A creeping creature; a reptile. [Obs.]
There is one creeping beast, or long creeple (as the
name is in Devonshire), that hath a rattle at his
tail that doth discover his age. --Morton
(1632).
2. One who is lame; a cripple. [Obs.]
Thou knowest how lame a creeple this world is.
--Donne.
Creepy \Creep"y\ (kr[=e]p"[y^]), a.
Crawly; having or producing a sensation like that caused by
insects creeping on the skin. [Colloq.]
One's whole blood grew curdling and creepy. --R.
Browning.
Crees \Crees\ (kr[=e]z), n. pl.; sing. {Cree}. (Ethnol.)
An Algonquin tribe of Indians, inhabiting a large part of
British America east of the Rocky Mountains and south of
Hudson's Bay.
Creese \Creese\ (kr[=e]s), n. [Malay. kris.]
A dagger or short sword used by the Malays, commonly having a
serpentine blade. [Written also {crease} and {kris}.]
From a Malayan creese to a sailor's jackknife. --Julian
Hawthorne.
Cr'emaillere \Cr['e]`mail`l[`e]re"\ (kr?`m?`ly?r" or -m?`y?r"),
n. [F.] (Fort.)
An indented or zigzaged line of intrenchment.
Cremaster \Cre*mas"ter\ (kr?-m?s"t?r), n. [NL., from Gr. ???,
fr. ???? to hang.]
1. (Anat.) A thin muscle which serves to draw up the
testicle.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The apex of the last abdominal segment of an
insect.
Cremasteric \Crem`as*ter"ic\ (kr?m`3s-t?r"?k), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the cremaster; as, the cremasteric
artery.
Cremate \Cre"mate\ (kr?"m?t or kr?-m?t"), v. t. [L. crematus, p.
p. of cremare to burn; cf. Skr. cr? to cook.]
To burn; to reduce to ashes by the action of fire, either
directly or in an oven or retort; to incremate or incinerate;
as, to cremate a corpse, instead of burying it.
Cremation \Cre*ma"tion\ (kr?-m?"sh?n), n. [L. crematio.]
A burning; esp., the act or practice of cremating the dead.
Without cremation . . . of their bodies. --Sir T.
Browne.
Cremationist \Cre*ma"tion*ist\, n.
One who advocates the practice of cremation.
Cremator \Cre*ma"tor\ (-t?r), n. [L.]
One who, or that which, cremates or consumes to ashes.
Crematorium \Crem`a*to"ri*um\ (kr?m`?-t?"r?-?m), Crematory
\Crem"a*to*ry\ (kr?m"?-t?-r?), n.; pl. {Crematoriums} (-[u^]mz),
{Crematories} (-r?z). [NL. crematorium, fr. L. cremator.]
A furnace for cremating corpses; a building containing such a
furnace.
Crematory \Crem"a*to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to, or employed in, cremation.
Cremocarp \Crem"o*carp\ (kr[e^]m"[-o]*k[aum]rp or
kr[=e]"m[-o]-), n. [Gr. kremanny`nai to hang + karpo`s
fruit.] (Bot.)
The peculiar fruit of fennel, carrot, parsnip, and the like,
consisting of a pair of carpels pendent from a supporting
axis.
Cremona \Cre*mo"na\ (kr[-e]*m[=o]"n[dot]), n.
A superior kind of violin, formerly made at Cremona, in
Italy.
Cremor \Cre"mor\ (kr?"m?r), n. [L. CF. {Cream}.]
Cream; a substance resembling cream; yeast; scum.
Cremosin \Crem"o*sin\ (kr?m"?-s?n), n.
See {Crimson}. [Obs.]
Crems \Crems\ (kr[e^]mz), n.
See {Krems}.
Crenate \Cre"nate\ (kr[=e]"n[asl]t), Crenated \Cre"na*ted\
(kr[=e]"n[asl]*t[e^]d), a. [L. crena notch. See {Cranny}.]
(Bot.)
Having the margin cut into rounded teeth notches, or
scallops.
Crenation \Cre*na"tion\ (kr?-n?"sh?n), n.
1. (Bot.) A rounded tooth on the edge of a leaf.
2. The condition of being crenate.
Crenature \Cren"a*ture\ (kr?n"?-t?r or kr?"n?-; 135), n.
1. (Bot.) A rounded tooth or notch of a crenate leaf, or any
part that is crenate; -- called also {crenelle}.
2. The state of being crenated or notched.
Crenel \Cre*nel"\ (kr?-n?l"), n.
See {Crenelle}.
Crenelate \Cren"el*ate\ (kr?n"?l-?t or kr?"n?l-?t), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. {Crenelated} (-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crenelating}
(-?`t?ng).] [LL. crenellare, kernellare: cf. F. cr?neler to
indent. See {Crenelle}.] [Written also {crenellate}.]
1. To furnish with crenelles.
2. To indent; to notch; as, a crenelated leaf.
{Crenelated molding} (Arch.), a kind of indented molding used
in Norman buildings.
Crenelation \Cren`el*a"tion\ (-?"sh?n), n.
The act of crenelating, or the state of being crenelated; an
indentation or an embrasure. [Written also {crenellation}.]
Crenelle \Cre*nelle"\, Crenel \Cre*nel"\ (kr?-n?l"), n. [OF.
crenel, F. cr?neau, LL. crenellus, kernellus, dim. (prob.)
fr. L. crena notch. See {Crenny}.]
1. An embrasure or indentation in a battlement; a loophole in
a fortress; an indentation; a notch. See {Merlon}, and
Illust. of {Battlement}.
2. (Bot.) Same as {Crenature}.
Crenelled \Cre*nelled"\ (kr?-n?ld") a. (Bot.)
Same as {Crenate}.
Crengle \Cren"gle\ (kr?n"g'l), Crenkle \Cren"kle\ (-k'l), n.
See {Cringle}.
Crenulate \Cren"u*late\ (kr?n"?-l?t), Crenulated \Cren"u*la`ted\
(-l?`t?d), a. [Dim. of crenate.] (Bot.)
Minutely crenate.
Crenulation \Cren`u*la"tion\ (-l?"sh?n), n.
1. A minute crenation.
2. The state of being minutely scalloped.
Creole \Cre"ole\ (kr?"?l), n. [F. cr?ole, Sp. criollo, from an
American negro word, perh. a corruption of a Sp. criadillo,
dim. of criado servant, formerly also, child, fr. L. creatus,
p. p. of creare to create. Cf. {Create}.]
One born of European parents in the American colonies of
France or Spain or in the States which were once such
colonies, esp. a person of French or Spanish descent, who is
a native inhabitant of Louisiana, or one of the States
adjoining, bordering on the Gulf of of Mexico.
Note: ``The term creole negro is employed in the English West
Indies to distinguish the negroes born there from the
Africans imported during the time of the slave trade.
The application of this term to the colored people has
led to an idea common in some parts of the United
States, though wholly unfounded, that it implies an
admixture greater or less of African blood.'' --R.
Hildreth.
Note: ``The title [Creole] did not first belong to the
descendants of Spanish, but of French, settlers, But
such a meaning implied a certain excellence of origin,
and so came early to include any native of French or
Spanish descent by either parent, whose nonalliance
with the slave race entitled him to social rank. Later,
the term was adopted by, not conceded to, the natives
of mixed blood, and is still so used among themselves.
. . . Besides French and Spanish, there are even, for
convenience of speech, 'colored' Creoles; but there are
no Italian, or Sicilian, nor any English, Scotch,
Irish, or 'Yankee' Creoles, unless of parentage married
into, and themselves thoroughly proselyted in, Creole
society.'' --G. W. Cable.
Creole \Cre"ole\ (kr?"?l), a.
Of or pertaining to a Creole or the Creoles.
Note: In New Orleans the word Creole is applied to any
product, or variety of manufacture, peculiar to
Louisiana; as, Creole ponies, chickens, cows, shoes,
eggs, wagons, baskets, etc.
Creolean \Cre*o"le*an\ (kr?-?"l?-a]/>n), Creolian \Cre*o"li*an\
, a.
Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Creoles. -- n. A
Creole.
Creosol \Cre"o*sol\ (kr?"?-s?l), n. [Cresote + phenol.] (Chem.)
A colorless liquid resembling phenol or carbolic acid,
homologous with pyrocatechin, and obtained from beechwood tar
and gum guaiacum. [Written also {creasol}.]
Creosote \Cre"o*sote\ (kr?"?-s?t), n. [Gr. ???, gen. ???, flesh
+ ??? to preserve.] (Chem.)
Wood-tar oil; an oily antiseptic liquid, of a burning smoky
taste, colorless when pure, but usually colored yellow or
brown by impurity or exposure. It is a complex mixture of
various phenols and their ethers, and is obtained by the
distillation of wood tar, especially that of beechwood.
Note: It is remarkable as an antiseptic and deodorizer in the
preservation of wood, flesh, etc., and in the
prevention of putrefaction; but it is a poor germicide,
and in this respect has been overrated. Smoked meat, as
ham, owes its preservation and taste to a small
quantity of creosote absorbed from the smoke to which
it is exposed. Carbolic acid is phenol proper, while
creosote is a mixture of several phenols.
{Coal-tar creosote} (Chem.), a colorless or yellow, oily
liquid, obtained in the distillation of coal tar, and
resembling wood-tar oil, or creosote proper, in
composition and properties.
Creosote \Cre"o*sote\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Creosoted}
(-s?"t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Creosoting}.]
To saturate or impregnate with creosote, as timber, for the
prevention of decay.
Crepance \Cre"pance\ (kr?"pans), Crepane \Cre"pane\ (kr?"p?n),
n. [Cf. L. crepare to crack.] (Far.)
An injury in a horse's leg, caused by the shoe of one hind
foot striking and cutting the other leg. It sometimes forms
an ulcer.
Crepe \Cr[^e]pe\ (kr?p), n.
Same as {Crape}.
Crepitant \Crep"i*tant\ (kr?p"?-tant), a. [See {Crepitate}.]
Having a crackling sound; crackling; rattling.
{Crepitant rale} (Med.), a peculiar crackling sound audible
with inspiration in pneumonia and other lung disease.
Crepitate \Crep"i*tate\ (kr?p"?-t?t), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Crepitated} (-t?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crepitating}
(-t?`t?ng).] [L. crepitatus, p. p. of crepitare to crackle,
v. intensive of crepare to crack. Cf. {Crevice}.]
To make a series of small, sharp, rapidly repeated explosions
or sounds, as salt in fire; to crackle; to snap.
Crepitation \Crep`i*ta"tion\ (kr?p`?-t?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
cr['e]pitation.]
1. The act of crepitating or crackling.
2. (Med.)
(a) A grating or crackling sensation or sound, as that
produced by rubbing two fragments of a broken bone
together, or by pressing upon cellular tissue
containing air.
(b) A crepitant r[^a]le.
Crepitus \Crep"i*tus\ (kr?p"?-t?s), n. [L., fr. crepare to
crack.] (Med.)
(a) The noise produced by a sudden discharge of wind from
the bowels.
(b) Same as {Crepitation}, 2.
Crepon \Cre"pon\ (kr?"p?n; F. kr?`{p?n}"), n. [F.]
A thin stuff made of the finest wool or silk, or of wool and
silk.
Crept \Crept\ (kr[e^]pt),
imp. & p. p. of {Creep}.
Crepuscle \Cre*pus"cle\ (kr[-e]*p[u^]s"s'l), Crepuscule
\Cre*pus"cule\ (kr[-e]*p[u^]s"k[-u]l), n. [L. crepusculum, fr.
creper dusky, dark: cf. F. cr['e]puscule.]
Twilight. --Bailey.
Crepuscular \Cre*pus"cu*lar\ (-k?-l?r), Crepusculous
\Cre*pus"cu*lous\ (-l?s), a. [Cf. F. cr['e]pusculaire.]
1. Pertaining to twilight; glimmering; hence, imperfectly
clear or luminous.
This semihistorical and crepuscular period. --Sir G.
C. Lewis.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Flying in the twilight or evening, or before
sunrise; -- said certain birds and insects.
Others feed only in the twilight, as bats and owls,
and are called crepuscular. --Whewell.
Crepusculine \Cre*pus"cu*line\ (-l[i^]n), a.
Crepuscular. [Obs.] --Sprat.
Crescence \Cres"cence\ (kr[e^]s"sens), n. [See {Crescent}.]
Increase; enlargement. [Obs.]
And toward the moon's attractive crescence bend. --H.
Brooke.
Crescendo \Cres*cen"do\ (kr?s-s?n"d?; It. kr?-sh?n"d?), a. &
adv. [It., from crescere to increase. See {Crescent}.] (Mus.)
With a constantly increasing volume of voice; with gradually
increasing strength and fullness of tone; -- a direction for
the performance of music, indicated by the mark, or by
writing the word on the score.
Crescendo \Cres*cen"do\, n. (Mus.)
(a) A gradual increase in the strength and fullness of tone
with which a passage is performed.
(b) A passage to be performed with constantly increasing
volume of tone.
Crescent \Cres"cent\ (kr[e^]s"sent), n. [OE. cressent,
cressaunt, crescent (in sense 1), OF. creissant increasing,
F. croissant, p. pr. of cro[^i]tre, OF. creistre, fr. L.
crescere to increase, v. incho.; akin to creare to create.
See {Create}, and cf. {Accrue}, {Increase}, {Crescendo}.]
1. The increasing moon; the moon in her first quarter, or
when defined by a concave and a convex edge; also, applied
improperly to the old or decreasing moon in a like state.
2. Anything having the shape of a crescent or new moon.
3. A representation of the increasing moon, often used as an
emblem or badge; as:
(a) A symbol of Artemis, or Diana.
(b) The ancient symbol of Byzantium or Constantinople.
Hence:
(c) The emblem of the Turkish Empire, adopted after the
taking of Constantinople.
The cross of our faith is replanted, The pale,
dying crescent is daunted. --Campbell.
4. Any one of three orders of knighthood; the first
instituted by Charles I., king of Naples and Sicily, in
1268; the second by Ren['e] of Anjou, in 1448; and the
third by the Sultan Selim III., in 1801, to be conferred
upon foreigners to whom Turkey might be indebted for
valuable services. --Brande & C.
5. (Her.) The emblem of the increasing moon with horns
directed upward, when used in a coat of arms; -- often
used as a mark of cadency to distinguish a second son and
his descendants.
Crescent \Cres"cent\ (kr[e^]s"sent), a.
1. Shaped like a crescent.
Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.
--Milton.
2. Increasing; growing.
O, I see the crescent promise of my spirit hath not
set. --Tennyson.
Crescent \Cres"cent\, v. t.
1. To form into a crescent, or something resembling a
crescent. [R.] --Anna Seward.
2. To adorn with crescents.
Crescentic \Cres*cen"tic\ (kr[e^]s*s[e^]n"t[i^]k), a.
Crescent-shaped. ``Crescentic lobes.'' --R. Owen.
Crescentwise \Cres"cent*wise`\ (kr[e^]s"sent*w[imac]z`), adv.
In the form of a crescent; like a crescent. --Tennyson.
Crescive \Cres"cive\ (kr?s"s?v), a. [L. crescere to increase.]
Increasing; growing. [R.]
Unseen, yet crescive in his faculty. --Shak.
Cresol \Cre"sol\ (kr[=e]"s[=o]l), n. [From {Creosote}.] (Chem.)
Any one of three metameric substances, {CH3.C6H4.OH},
homologous with and resembling phenol. They are obtained from
coal tar and wood tar, and are colorless, oily liquids or
solids.
Note: [Called also {cresylic acid}.]
Cresorcin \Cre*sor"cin\ (kr?-s?r"s?n), n. (Chem.)
Same as {Isorcin}.
Cress \Cress\ (kr[e^]s), n.; pl. {Cresses} (kr[e^]s"[e^]z). [OE.
ces, cresse, kers, kerse, AS. cresse, cerse; akin to D. kers,
G. kresse, Dan. karse, Sw. krasse, and possibly also to OHG.
chresan to creep.] (Bot.)
A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves
have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and
antiscorbutic.
Note: The garden cress, called also {peppergrass}, is the
{Lepidium sativum}; the water cress is the {Nasturtium
officinale}. Various other plants are sometimes called
cresses.
To strip the brook with mantling cresses spread.
--Goldsmith.
{Bitter cress}. See under {Bitter}.
{Not worth a cress}, or {``not worth a kers.''} a common old
proverb, now turned into the meaningless ``not worth a
curse.'' --Skeat.
Cresselle \Cres*selle"\ (kr?s-s?l"), n. [F. cr['e]celle rattle.]
(Eccl.)
A wooden rattle sometimes used as a substitute for a bell, in
the Roman Catholic church, during the latter part of Holy
Week, or the last week of Lent.
Cresset \Cres"set\ (kr?s"s?t), n. [OF. crasset, cresset, sort of
lamp or torch; perh. of Dutch or German origin, and akin to
E. cruse, F. creuset crucible, E. crucible.]
1. An open frame or basket of iron, filled with combustible
material, to be burned as a beacon; an open lamp or
firrepan carried on a pole in nocturnal processions.
Starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed With naphtha
and asphaltus. --Milton.
As a cresset true that darts its length Of beamy
luster from a tower of strength. --Wordsworth.
2. (Coopering) A small furnace or iron cage to hold fire for
charring the inside of a cask, and making the staves
flexible. --Knight.
Cressy \Cress"y\ (kr[e^]s"[y^]), a.
Abounding in cresses.
The cressy islets white in flower. --Tennyson.
Crest \Crest\ (kr[e^]st), n. [OF. creste, F. cr[^e]te, L.
crista.]
1. A tuft, or other excrescence or natural ornament, growing
on an animal's head; the comb of a cock; the swelling on
the head of a serpent; the lengthened feathers of the
crown or nape of bird, etc. --Darwin.
[Attack] his rising crest, and drive the serpent
back. --C. Pitt.
2. The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn on a
helmet; the distinctive ornament of a helmet, indicating
the rank of the wearer; hence, also, the helmet.
Stooping low his lofty crest. --Sir W.
Scott.
And on his head there stood upright A crest, in
token of a knight. --Gower.
3. (Her.) A bearing worn, not upon the shield, but usually
above it, or separately as an ornament for plate,
liveries, and the like. It is a relic of the ancient
cognizance. See {Cognizance}, 4.
4. The upper curve of a horse's neck.
Throwing the base thong from his bending crest.
--Shak.
5. The ridge or top of a wave.
Like wave with crest of sparkling foam. --Sir W.
Scott.
6. The summit of a hill or mountain ridge.
7. The helm or head, as typical of a high spirit; pride;
courage.
Now the time is come That France must vail her lofty
plumed crest. --Shak.
8. (Arch.) The ornamental finishing which surmounts the ridge
of a roof, canopy, etc.
The finials of gables and pinnacles are sometimes
called crests. --Parker.
9. (Engin.) The top line of a slope or embankment.
{Crest tile}, a tile made to cover the ridge of a roof,
fitting upon it like a saddle.
{Interior crest} (Fort.), the highest line of the parapet.
Crest \Crest\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crested}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cresting}.]
1. To furnish with, or surmount as, a crest; to serve as a
crest for.
His legs bestrid the ocean, his reared arm Crested the
world. --Shak.
Mid groves of clouds that crest the mountain's brow.
--Wordsworth.
2. To mark with lines or streaks, like, or regarded as like,
waving plumes.
Like as the shining sky in summer's night, . . . Is
crested with lines of fiery light. --Spenser.
Crest \Crest\ (kr[e^]st), v. i.
To form a crest.
Crested \Crest"ed\ (kr[e^]st"[e^]d), a.
1. Having a crest.
But laced crested helm. --Dryden.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having a crest of feathers or hair upon the
head. ``The crested bird.'' --Dryden.
3. (Bott.) Bearing any elevated appendage like a crest, as an
elevated line or ridge, or a tuft. --Gray.
Crestfallen \Crest"fall`en\ (-f?l`'n), a.
1. With hanging head; hence, dispirited; dejected; cowed.
Let it make thee crestfullen; Ay, and allay this thy
abortive pride. --Shak.
2. Having the crest, or upper part of the neck, hanging to
one side; -- said of a horse.
Cresting \Crest"ing\, n. (Arch.)
An ornamental finish on the top of a wall or ridge of a roof.
Crestless \Crest"less\, a.
Without a crest or escutcheon; of low birth. ``Crestless
yeomen.'' --Shak.
Cresylic \Cre*syl"ic\ (kr[-e]*s[i^]l"[i^]k), a. [From
{Creosote}.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, cresol, creosote, etc.
{Cresylic acid}. (Chem.) See {Cresol}.
Cretaceous \Cre*ta"ceous\ (kr[-e]*t[=a]"sh[u^]s), a. [L.
cretaceus, fr. creta chalk. See {Crayon}.]
Having the qualities of chalk; abounding with chalk; chalky;
as, cretaceous rocks and formations. See {Chalk}.
{Cretaceous acid}, an old name for carbonic acid.
{Cretaceous formation} (Geol.), the series of strata of
various kinds, including beds of chalk, green sand, etc.,
formed in the Cretaceous period; -- called also the {chalk
formation}. See the Diagram under {Geology}.
{Cretaceous period} (Geol.), the time in the latter part of
the Mesozoic age during which the Cretaceous formation was
deposited.
Cretaceously \Cre*ta"ceous*ly\, adv.
In a chalky manner; as chalk.
Cretan \Cre"tan\ (kr[=e]"tan), a.
Pertaining to Crete, or Candia. -- n. A native or inhabitant
of Crete or Candia.
Crete \Crete\ (kr[=e]t), n. [L. Cres, Cretis.]
A Cretan
Cretian \Cre"tian\ (kr[=e]"shan), a. & n.
See {Cretan}.
Cretic \Cre"tic\ (kr[=e]"t[i^]k), n. [L. Creticus (sc. pes
foot), Gr. Kritiko`s (sc. poy`s foot), prop., a Cretan
(metrical) foot.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.)
A poetic foot, composed of one short syllable between two
long ones (- [crescent] -). --Bentley.
Creticism \Cre"ti*cism\ (-t[i^]*s[i^]z'm), n.
Falsehood; lying; cretism.
Cretin \Cre"tin\ (kr[=e]"t[i^]n), n. [F. cr['e]tin; of uncertain
origin.]
One afflicted with cretinism.
Cretinism \Cre"tin*ism\ (kr[=e]"t[i^]n*[i^]z'm), n. [F.
cr['e]tinisme.]
A condition of endemic or inherited idiocy, accompanied by
physical degeneracy and deformity (usually with goiter),
frequent in certain mountain valleys, esp. of the Alps.
Cretinous \Cre"tin*ous\ (-[u^]s), a.
Having the characteristics of a cretin. ``Cretinous
stupefaction.'' --Ruskin.
Cretism \Cre"tism\ (kr[=e]"t[i^]z'm), n. [Gr. ????? lying, fr.
????? to act like a Cretan, that is, to lie. ``The Cretians
are always liars.'' --Titus i. 12.]
A Cretan practice; lying; a falsehood.
Cretonne \Cre*tonne"\ (kr?-t?n"), n. [F., gr. Creton, its first
manufacturer.]
1. A strong white fabric with warp of hemp and weft of flax.
2. A fabric with cotton warp and woolen weft.
3. A kind of chintz with a glossy surface.
Cretose \Cre"tose\ (kr?"t?s), a. [L. cretosus, fr. creta chalk.]
Chalky; cretaceous. [Obs.] --Ash.
Creutzer \Creut"zer\ (kroit"s[~e]r) n.
See {Kreutzer}.
Creux \Creux\ (kr?), n. [F., adj., hollow, n., a hollow.]
Used in English only in the expression en creux. Thus,
engraving en creux is engraving in intaglio, or by sinking or
hollowing out the design.
Crevalle \Cre`val*le"\ (kr?`v?l-l?"), n. [Prob. of same origin
as cavally. See {Cavally}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The cavally or jurel. See {Cavally}, and {Jurel}.
(b) The pompano ({Trachynotus Carolinus}).
Crevasse \Cre`vasse"\ (kr?`v?s"), n. [F. See {Crevice}.]
1. A deep crevice or fissure, as in embankment; one of the
clefts or fissure by which the mass of a glacier is
divided.
2. A breach in the levee or embankment of a river, caused by
the pressure of the water, as on the lower Mississippi.
[U.S.]
Crevet \Crev"et\ (kr?v"?t), n. [Cf. {Creut}.]
A crucible or melting pot; a cruset. --Crabb.
Crevice \Crev"ice\ (kr?v"?s), n. [OE. crevace, crevice. F.
crevasse, fr. crever to break, burst, fr. L. crepare to
crack,break. Cf. {Craven}, {Crepitate}, {Crevasse}.]
A narrow opening resulting from a split or crack or the
separation of a junction; a cleft; a fissure; a rent.
The mouse, Behind the moldering wainscot, shrieked, Or
from the crevice peered about. --Tennyson.
Crevice \Crev"ice\, v. t.
To crack; to flaw. [R.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Creviced \Crev"iced\ (-?st), a.
Having a crevice or crevices; as, a creviced structure for
storing ears of corn.
Trickling through the creviced rock. --J.
Cunningham.
Crevis \Crev"is\ (-?s), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The crawfish. [Prov. Eng.]
Crew \Crew\ (kr?), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The Manx shearwater.
Crew \Crew\ (kr?), n. [From older accrue accession,
re?n?orcement, hence, company, crew; the first syllable being
misunderstood as the indefinite article. See {Accrue},
{Crescent}.]
1. A company of people associated together; an assemblage; a
throng.
There a noble crew Of lords and ladies stood on
every side. --Spenser.
Faithful to whom? to thy rebellious crew? --Milton.
2. The company of seamen who man a ship, vessel, or at; the
company belonging to a vessel or a boat.
Note: The word crew, in law, is ordinarily used as equivalent
to ship's company, including master and other officers.
When the master and other officers are excluded, the
context always shows it. --Story. Burrill.
3. In an extended sense, any small body of men associated for
a purpose; a gang; as (Naut.), the carpenter's crew; the
boatswain's crew.
Syn: Company; band; gang; horde; mob; herd; throng; party.
Crew \Crew\ (kr?),
imp. of {Crow}.
Crewel \Crew"el\ (kr?"?l), n. [Perh. for clewel, dim. of clew a
ball of thread; or cf. D. krul curl, E. curl. [root]26.]
Worsted yarn,, slackly twisted, used for embroidery.
Crewelwork \Crew"el*work`\ (-w?rk`), n.
Embroidery in crewels, commonly done upon some plain
material, such as linen.
Crewet \Crew"et\ (kr?"?t), n.
See {Cruet}.
Crib \Crib\ (kr?b), n. [AS. crybb; akin to OS. kribbja, D. krib,
kribbe, Dan. krybbe, G. krippe, and perh. to MHG. krebe
basket, G, korb, and E. rip a sort of wicker basket.]
1. A manger or rack; a feeding place for animals.
The steer lion at one crib shall meet. --Pope.
2. A stall for oxen or other cattle.
Where no oxen are, the crib is clean. --Prov. xiv.
4.
3. A small inclosed bedstead or cot for a child.
4. A box or bin, or similar wooden structure, for storing
grain, salt, etc.; as, a crib for corn or oats.
5. A hovel; a hut; a cottage.
Why rather, Sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs, . . .
Than in the perfumed chambers of the great? --Shak.
6. (Mining) A structure or frame of timber for a foundation,
or for supporting a roof, or for lining a shaft.
7. A structure of logs to be anchored with stones; -- used
for docks, pier, dams, etc.
8. A small raft of timber. [Canada]
9. A small theft; anything purloined;; a plagiaris?; hence, a
translation or key, etc., to aid a student in preparing or
reciting his lessons. [Colloq.]
The Latin version technically called a crib. --Ld.
Lytton.
Occasional perusal of the Pagan writers, assisted by
a crib. --Wilkie
Collins.
10. A miner's luncheon. [Cant] --Raymond.
11. (Card Playing) The discarded cards which the dealer can
use in scoring points in cribbage.
Crib \Crib\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cribbed} (kr?bd); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cribbing}.]
1. To shut up or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage; to
cramp.
If only the vital energy be not cribbed or cramped.
--I. Taylor.
Now I am cabin'd, cribbed, confined. --Shak.
2. To pilfer or purloin; hence, to steal from an author; to
appropriate; to plagiarize; as, to crib a line from
Milton. [Colloq.]
Child, being fond of toys, cribbed the necklace.
--Dickens.
Crib \Crib\, v. i.
1. To crowd together, or to be confined, as in a crib or in
narrow accommodations. [R.]
Who sought to make . . . bishops to crib in a
Presbyterian trundle bed. --Gauden.
2. To make notes for dishonest use in recitation or
examination. [College Cant]
3. To seize the manger or other solid object with the teeth
and draw in wind; -- said of a horse.
Cribbage \Crib"bage\ (kr?b"?j), n. [From {Crib}, v. t., 2.]
A game of cards, played by two or four persons, in which
there is a crib. (See {Crib}, 11.) It is characterized by a
great variety of chances.
A man's fancy would be summed up in cribbage. --John
Hall.
{Cribbage board}, a board with holes and pegs, used by
cribbage players to score their game.
Criber \Crib"er\ (kr?b"?r), Crib-biter \Crib"-bit`er\ (-b?t"?r),
n.
A horse that has the habit of cribbing.
Cribbing \Crib"bing\ (kr?b"b?ng), n.
1. The act of inclosing or confining in a crib or in close
quarters.
2. Purloining; stealing; plagiarizing. [Colloq.]
3. (Mining) A framework of timbers and plank backing for a
shaft lining, to prevent caving, percolation of water,
etc.
4. A vicious habit of a horse; crib-biting. The horse lays
hold of the crib or manger with his teeth and draws air
into the stomach with a grunting sound.
Crib-biting \Crib"-bit`ing\ (kr?b"b?t`?ng), n.
Same as {Cribbing}, 4.
Cribble \Crib"ble\ (kr?b"b'l), n. [F. crible, LL. criblus sieve,
fr. L. cribrum.]
1. A coarse sieve or screen.
2. Coarse flour or meal. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Cribble \Crib"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cribbled} (-b'ld); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Cribbling} (-bl?ng).] [Cf. F. cribler.]
To cause to pass through a sieve or riddle; to sift.
Cribble \Crib"ble\, a.
Coarse; as, cribble bread. [Obs.] --Huloet.
Cribellum \Cri*bel"lum\ (kr?b?l"l?m), n. [L., a small sieve,
dim. of cribrum sieve.] (Zo["o]l.)
A peculiar perforated organ of certain spiders
({Ciniflonid[ae]}), used for spinning a special kind of silk.
Cribrate \Crib"rate\ (kr?b"r?t), a. [L. cribratus, p. p. of
cribrare to sift, fr. cribrum a sieve.]
Cribriform.
Cribration \Cri*bra"tion\ (kr?-br?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. cribration,
fr. L. cribrare to sift. See {Cribble}, n.] (Pharmacy)
The act or process of separating the finer parts of drugs
from the coarser by sifting.
Cribriform \Crib"ri*form\ (kr?b"r?f?rm), a. [L. cribrum sieve +
-form: cf. F. cribriforme.]
Resembling, or having the form of, a sieve; pierced with
holes; as, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; a
cribriform compress.
{Cribriform cells} (Bot.), those which have here and there
oblique or transverse sieve plates, or places perforated
with many holes.
Cribrose \Crib"rose\ (kr?b"r?s), a. [L. cribrum sieve.]
Perforated like a sieve; cribriform.
Cric \Cric\ (kr[i^]k), n. [prob. fr. F. cric a jackscrew.]
The ring which turns inward and condenses the flame of a
lamp. --Knight.
Crick \Crick\ (kr[i^]k), n. [See {Creak}.]
The creaking of a door, or a noise resembling it. [Obs.]
--Johnson.
Crick \Crick\, n. [The same as creek a bending, twisting. See
{Creek}, {Crook}.]
1. A painful, spasmodic affection of the muscles of some part
of the body, as of the neck or back, rendering it
difficult to move the part.
To those also that, with a crick or cramp, have thei
necks drawn backward. --Holland.
2. [Cf. F. cric.] A small jackscrew. --Knight.
Cricket \Crick"et\ (kr?k"?t), n. [OE. criket, OF. crequet,
criquet; prob. of German origin, and akin to E. creak; cf. D.
kriek a cricket. See {Creak}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An orthopterous insect of the genus {Gryllus}, and allied
genera. The males make chirping, musical notes by rubbing
together the basal parts of the veins of the front wings.
Note: The common European cricket is {Gryllus domesticus};
the common large black crickets of America are {G.
niger}, {G. neglectus}, and others.
{Balm cricket}. See under {Balm}.
{Cricket bird}, a small European bird ({Silvia locustella});
-- called also {grasshopper warbler}.
{Cricket frog}, a small American tree frog ({Acris gryllus});
-- so called from its chirping.
Cricket \Crick"et\, n. [AS. cricc, crycc, crooked staff, crutch.
Perh. first used in sense 1, a stool prob. having been first
used as a wicket. See {Crutch}.]
1. A low stool.
2. A game much played in England, and sometimes in America,
with a ball, bats, and wickets, the players being arranged
in two contesting parties or sides.
3. (Arch.) A small false roof, or the raising of a portion of
a roof, so as to throw off water from behind an obstacle,
such as a chimney.
Cricket \Crick"et\, v. i.
To play at cricket. --Tennyson.
Cricketer \Crick"et*er\ (kr?k"?t-?r), n.
One who plays at cricket.
Cricoid \Cri"coid\ (kr?"koid), a. [Gr. ???? ring + -oid.]
(Anat.)
Resembling a ring; -- said esp. of the cartilage at the
larynx, and the adjoining parts.
Cricothyroid \Cri`co*thy"roid\ (-k?-th?"roid), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining both to the cricoid and the thyroid
cartilages.
Cried \Cried\ (kr[imac]d),
imp. & p. p. of {Cry}.
Crier \Cri"er\ (kr?"?r), n. [Cf. F. crieur. See {Cry}.]
One who cries; one who makes proclamation. Specifically, an
officer who proclaims the orders or directions of a court, or
who gives public notice by loud proclamation; as, a
town-crier.
He openeth his mouth like a crier. --Ecclus. xx.
15.
Crime \Crime\ (kr[imac]m), n.[F. crime, fr. L. crimen judicial
decision, that which is subjected to such a decision, charge,
fault, crime, fr. the root of cernere to decide judicially.
See {Certain}.]
1. Any violation of law, either divine or human; an omission
of a duty commanded, or the commission of an act forbidden
by law.
2. Gross violation of human law, in distinction from a
misdemeanor or trespass, or other slight offense. Hence,
also, any aggravated offense against morality or the
public welfare; any outrage or great wrong. ``To part
error from crime.'' --Tennyson.
Note: Crimes, in the English common law, are grave offenses
which were originally capitally punished (murder, rape,
robbery, arson, burglary, and larceny), as
distinguished from misdemeanors, which are offenses of
a lighter grade. See {Misdemeanors}.
3. Any great wickedness or sin; iniquity.
No crime was thine, if 'tis no crime to love.
--Pope.
4. That which occasion crime. [Obs.]
The tree of life, the crime of our first father's
fall. --Spenser.
{Capital crime}, a crime punishable with death.
Syn: Sin; vice; iniquity; wrong.
Usage: {Crime}, {Sin},{Vice}. Sin is the generic term,
embracing wickedness of every kind, but specifically
denoting an offense as committed against God. Crime is
strictly a violation of law either human or divine;
but in present usage the term is commonly applied to
actions contrary to the laws of the State. Vice is
more distinctively that which springs from the
inordinate indulgence of the natural appetites, which
are in themselves innocent. Thus intemperance,
unchastity, duplicity, etc., are vices; while murder,
forgery, etc., which spring from the indulgence of
selfish passions, are crimes.
Crimeful \Crime"ful\ (kr?m"f?l), a.
Criminal; wicked; contrary to law, right, or dury. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Crimeless \Crime"less\, a.
Free from crime; innocent. --Shak.
Criminal \Crim"i*nal\ (kr?m"?-nal), a. [L. criminalis, fr.
crimen: cf. F. criminel. See {Crime}.]
1. Guilty of crime or sin.
The neglect of any of the relative duties renders us
criminal in the sight of God. --Rogers.
2. Involving a crime; of the nature of a crime; -- said of an
act or of conduct; as, criminal carelessness.
Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications
of vice, not criminal in themselves. --Addison.
3. Relating to crime; -- opposed to civil; as, the criminal
code.
The officers and servants of the crown, violating
the personal liberty, or other right of the subject
. . . were in some cases liable to criminal process.
--Hallam.
{Criminal action} (Law), an action or suit instituted to
secure conviction and punishment for a crime.
{Criminal conversation} (Law), unlawful intercourse with a
married woman; adultery; -- usually abbreviated, crim.
con.
{Criminal law}, the law which relates to crimes.
Criminal \Crim"i*nal\, n.
One who has commited a crime; especially, one who is found
guilty by verdict, confession, or proof; a malefactor; a
felon.
Criminalist \Crim"i*nal*ist\, n.
One versed in criminal law. [R.]
Criminality \Crim`i*nal"i*ty\ (kr?m`?-n?l"?-t?), n. [LL.
criminalitas, fr. L. criminalis. See {Criminal}.]
The quality or state of being criminal; that which
constitutes a crime; guiltiness; guilt.
This is by no means the only criterion of criminality.
--Blackstone.
Criminally \Crim"i*nal*ly\ (kr?m"?-nal-l?), adv.
In violation of law; wickedly.
Criminalness \Crim"i*nal*ness\, n.
Criminality. [R.]
Criminate \Crim"i*nate\ (kr?m"?-n?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Criminated} (-n?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Criminating}
(-n?"t?ng).] [L. criminatus, p. p. of criminare, criminari,
to criminate, fr. crimen. See {Crime}.]
1. To accuse of, or charge with, a crime.
To criminate, with the heavy and ungrounded charge
of disloyalty and disaffection, an uncorrupt,
independent, and reforming parliament. --Burke.
2. To involve in a crime or in its consequences; to render
liable to a criminal charge.
Impelled by the strongest pressure of hope and fear
to criminate him. --Macaulay.
Crimination \Crim`i*na"tion\ (kr?m`?-n?"sh?n), n. [L.
criminatio.]
The act of accusing; accusation; charge; complaint.
The criminations and recriminations of the adverse
parties. --Macaulay.
Criminative \Crim"i*na*tive\ (kr?m"?-n?-t?v), a.
Charging with crime; accusing; criminatory. --R. North.
Criminatory \Crim"i*na*to*ry\ (-t?-r?), a.
Relating to, or involving, crimination; accusing; as, a
criminatory conscience.
Criminology \Crim`i*nol"o*gy\ (-n?l"?-j?), n. [L. crimen,
crimenis, crime + -logy.]
A treatise on crime or the criminal population. --
{Crim`i*nol"o*gist} (-j?st), n.
Criminous \Crim"i*nous\ (kr?m"?-n?s), a. [L. criminosus, fr.
crimen. See {Crime}.]
Criminal; involving great crime or grave charges; very
wicked; heinous. [Obs.] --Holland. -- {Crim"i*nous*ly}, adv.
-- {Crim"i*nous*ness}, n. [Obs.]
Crimosin \Crim"o*sin\ (kr?m"?-z?n), n. [Obs.]
See {Crimson}.
Crimp \Crimp\ (kr[i^]mp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crimped}
(kr[i^]mt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crimping}.] [Akin to D.
krimpen to shrink, shrivel, Sw. krympa, Dan. krympe, and to
E. cramp. See {Cramp}.]
1. To fold or plait in regular undulation in such a way that
the material will retain the shape intended; to give a
wavy appearance to; as, to crimp the border of a cap; to
crimp a ruffle. Cf. {Crisp}.
The comely hostess in a crimped cap. --W. Irving.
2. To pinch and hold; to seize.
3. Hence, to entrap into the military or naval service; as,
to crimp seamen.
Coaxing and courting with intent to crimp him.
--Carlyle.
4. (Cookery) To cause to contract, or to render more crisp,
as the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when living, with a
knife; as, to crimp skate, etc.
{Crimping house}, a low lodging house, into which men are
decoyed and plied with drink, to induce them to ship or
enlist as sailors or soldiers.
{Crimping iron}.
(a) An iron instrument for crimping and curling the hair.
(b) A crimping machine.
{Crimping machine}, a machine with fluted rollers or with
dies, for crimping ruffles leather, iron, etc.
{Crimping pin}, an instrument for crimping or puckering the
border of a lady's cap.
Crimp \Crimp\, a.
1. Easily crumbled; friable; brittle. [R.]
Now the fowler . . . treads the crimp earth. --J.
Philips.
2. Weak; inconsistent; contradictory. [R.]
The evidance is crimp; the witnesses swear backward
and forward, and contradict themselves. --Arbuthnot.
Crimp \Crimp\, n.
1. A coal broker. [Prov. Eng.] --De Foe.
2. One who decoys or entraps men into the military or naval
service. -- Marryat.
3. A keeper of a low lodging house where sailors and
emigrants are entrapped and fleeced.
4. Hair which has been crimped; -- usually in pl.
5. A game at cards. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
{Boot crimp}. See under {Boot}.
Crimpage \Crimp"age\ (-?j), n.
The act or practice of crimping; money paid to a crimp for
shipping or enlisting men.
Crimper \Crimp"er\ (-[~a]r), n.
One who, or that which, crimps; as:
(a) A curved board or frame over which the upper of a boot or
shoe is stretched to the required shape.
(b) A device for giving hair a wavy appearance.
(c) A machine for crimping or ruffling textile fabrics.
Crimple \Crim"ple\ (kr?m"p'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crimpled}
(-p'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crimpling} (-pl?ng).] [Dim. of
crimp, v. t. ]
To cause to shrink or draw together; to contract; to curl.
[R.] --Wiseman.
Crimpy \Crimp"y\ (kr?mp"?), a.
Having a crimped appearance; frizzly; as, the crimpy wool of
the Saxony sheep.
Crimson \Crim"son\ (kr?m"z'n), n. [OE. crimson, OF. crimoisin,
F. cramoisi (cf. Sp. carmesi.) LL. carmesinus, fr. Ar.
qermazi, fr. qermez crimson, kermes, fr. Skr. k?mija produced
by a worm; k?mi worm or insect + jan to generate; akin to E.
kin. CF. {Carmine}, {Kermes}.]
A deep red color tinged with blue; also, red color in
general.
Theugh jour be as scarlet, they shall be as white as
snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as
wool. --Is. i. 18.
A maid jet rosed over with the virgin crimson of
modesty. --Shak.
Crimson \Crim"son\, a.
Of a deep red color tinged with blue; deep red. ``A crimson
tide.'' --Mrs. Hemans.
The blushing poppy with a crimson hue. --Prior.
Crimson \Crim"son\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crimsoned} (-z'nd); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Crimsoning}.]
To dye with crimson or deep red; to redden.
Signed in thy spoil and crimsoned in thy lethe. --Shak.
Crimson \Crim"son\, b. t.
To become crimson; to blush.
Ancient towers . . . beginning to crimson with the
radiant luster of a cloudless July morning. --De
Quincey.
Crinal \Cri"nal\ (kr?"nal), a. [L. crinalis, fr. crinis the
hair.]
Of or pertaining to the hair. [R.] --Blount.
Crinated \Cri"na*ted\ (kr?"n?-t?d), a.
Having hair; hairy.
Crinatory \Cri"na*to*ry\ (kr?"n?-t?-r?), a.
Crinitory. --Craig.
Crincum \Crin"cum\ (kr?n"k?m), n. [Cf. {Crinkle}.]
A twist or bend; a turn; a whimsey. [Colloq.] --Hudibras.
Crincum-crancum \Crin"cum-cran"cum\ (kr?n"k?m-kr?n"k?m), n.
A twist; a whimsey or whim. [Colloq.]
Crined \Crined\ (kr?nd), a. [L. crinis hair.] (Her.)
Having the hair of a different tincture from the rest of the
body; as, a charge crined of a red tincture.
Crinel \Cri"nel\ (kr?"nEl), Crinet \Cri"net\ (kr?"n?t), n. [L.
crinis hair.]
A very fine, hairlike feather. --Booth.
Cringe \Cringe\ (kr?nj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crnged} (kr?njd);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Cringing}.] [As. crincgang, cringan,
crincan, to jield, fall; akin to E. crank.]
To draw one's self together as in fear or servility; to bend
or crouch with base humility; to wince; hence; to make court
in a degrading manner; to fawn.
When they were come up to the place where the lions
were, the boys that went before were glad to cringe
behind, for they were afraid of the lions. --Bunyan.
Sly hypocrite, . . . who more than thou Once fawned and
cringed, and servilely adored Heaven's awful monarch?
--Milton.
Flatterers . . . are always bowing and cringing.
--Arbuthnot.
Cringe \Cringe\, v. t.
To contract; to draw together; to cause to shrink or wrinkle;
to distort. [Obs.]
Till like a boy you see him cringe his face, And whine
aloud for mercy. --Shak.
Cringe \Cringe\, n.
Servile civility; fawning; a shrinking or bowing, as in fear
or servility. ``With cringe and shrug, and bow obsequious.''
--Cowper.
Cringeling \Cringe"ling\, n.
One who cringes meanly; a fawner.
Cringer \Crin"ger\ (kr?n"j?r), n.
One who cringes.
Cringingly \Crin"ging*ly\, adv.
In a cringing manner.
Cringle \Crin"gle\ (kr?n"g'l), n. [Icel. kringla orb; akin to
kring around, and to D. kring circle, and to E. cringe,
crank.]
1. A withe for fastening a gate.
2. (Naut.) An iron or pope thimble or grommet worked into or
attached to the edges and corners of a sail; -- usually in
the plural. The cringles are used for making fast the
bowline bridles, earings, etc.
Crinicultural \Crin`i*cul"tur*al\ (kr?n`?-k?l"t?r-a]/>l; 135),
a. [L. crinis hair + cultura.]
Relating to the growth of hair. [R.]
Crinigerous \Cri*nig"er*ous\ (kr?-n?j"?r-?s), a. [L. criniger;
crinis hair + gerere to bear.]
Bearing hair; hairy. [R.]
Crinital \Cri"ni*tal\ (kr?"n?-tal), a.
Same as {Crinite},
1.
He the star crinital adoreth. --Stanyhurst.
Crinite \Cri"nite\ (kr?"n?t), a. [L. crinitus, p. p. of crinire
to provide or cover with hair, fr. crinis hair.]
1. Having the appearance of a tuft of hair; having a hairlike
tail or train. ``Comate, crinite, caudate stars.''
--Fairfax.
2. (Bot.) Bearded or tufted with hairs. --Gray.
Crinitory \Cri"ni*to*ry\ (kr?"n?-t?-r?), a.
Of or relating to hair; as, a crinitory covering. --T. Hook.
Crinkle \Crin"kle\ (kr[i^][ng]"k'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Crinkled} (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crinkling} (-kl[i^]ng).]
[A dim., fr. the root of cringe; akin to D. krinkelen to wind
or twist. Cf. {Cringle}, {Cringe}.]
To form with short turns, bends, or wrinkles; to mold into
inequalities or sinuosities; to cause to wrinkle or curl.
The house?s crinkled to and fro. --Chaucer.
Her face all bowsy, Comely crinkled, Wondrously
wrinkled. --Skelton.
The flames through all the casements pushing forth,
Like red-not devils crinkled into snakes. --Mrs.
Browning.
Crinkle \Crin"kle\, v. i.
To turn or wind; to run in and out in many short bends or
turns; to curl; to run in waves; to wrinkle; also, to rustle,
as stiff cloth when moved.
The green wheat crinkles like a lake. --L. T.
Trowbridge.
And all the rooms Were full of crinkling silks. --Mrs.
Browning.
Crinkle \Crin"kle\, n.
A winding or turn; wrinkle; sinuosity.
The crinkles in this glass, making objects appear
double. --A. Tucker.
Crinkled \Crin"kled\ (kr?n"k'ld), a.
Having short bends, turns, or wrinkles; wrinkled; wavy;
zigzag. ``The crinkled lightning.'' --Lowell.
Crinkly \Crin"kly\ (-kl?), a.
Having crinkles; wavy; wrinkly.
Crinoid \Cri"noid\ (kr[imac]"noid), a. [See {Crinoidea}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Crinoidal. -- n. One of the Crinoidea.
Crinoidal \Cri*noid"al\ (kr[-i]*noid"al), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of pertaining to crinoids; consisting of, or containing,
crinoids.
Crinoidea \Cri*noid"e*a\ (kr>isl/*noid"[-e]*[.a]), n. pl. [NL.,
from Gr. kri`non lily + -oid: cf. F. crino["i]de.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large class of Echinodermata, including numerous extinct
families and genera, but comparatively few living ones. Most
of the fossil species, like some that are recent, were
attached by a jointed stem. See {Blastoidea}, {Cystoidea},
{Comatula}.
Crinoidean \Cri*noid"e*an\ (-an), n. (Zo["o]l)
One of the Crinoidea.
Crinoline \Crin"o*line\ (kr?n"?-l?n), n. [F., fr. crin hair,L.
crinis.]
1. A kind of stiff cloth, used chiefly by women, for
underskirts, to expand the gown worn over it; -- so called
because originally made of hair.
2. A lady's skirt made of any stiff material; latterly, a
hoop skirt.
Crinose \Cri*nose"\ (kr?-n?s"), a. [L. crinis hair.]
Hairy. [R.]
Crinosity \Cri*nos"i*ty\ (kr?-n?s"?-t?), n.
Hairiness. [R.]
Crinum \Cri"num\ (kr[imac]"n[u^]m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kri`non
lily.] (Bot.)
A genus of bulbous plants, of the order {Amaryllidace[ae]},
cultivated as greenhouse plants on account of their beauty.
Criosphinx \Cri"o*sphinx`\ (kr[imac]"[-o]*sf[i^][ng]ks`), n.
[Gr. krio`s ram + sfi`gx sphinx.]
A sphinx with the head of a ram.
Cripple \Crip"ple\ (kr[i^]p"p'l), n. [OE. cripel, crepel,
crupel, AS. crypel (akin to D. kreuple, G. kr["u]ppel, Dan.
kr["o]bling, Icel. kryppill), prop., one that can not walk,
but must creep, fr. AS. cre['o]pan to creep. See {Creep}.]
One who creeps, halts, or limps; one who has lost, or never
had, the use of a limb or limbs; a lame person; hence, one
who is partially disabled.
I am a cripple in my limbs; but what decays are in my
mind, the reader must determine. --Dryden.
Cripple \Crip"ple\ (kr[i^]p"p'l), a.
Lame; halting. [R.] ``The cripple, tardy-gaited night.''
--Shak.
Cripple \Crip"ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crippled} (-p'ld); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Crippling} (-pl?ng).]
1. To deprive of the use of a limb, particularly of a leg or
foot; to lame.
He had crippled the joints of the noble child. --Sir
W. Scott.
2. To deprive of strength, activity, or capability for
service or use; to disable; to deprive of resources; as,
to be financially crippled.
More serious embarrassments . . . were crippling the
energy of the settlement in the Bay. --Palfrey.
An incumbrance which would permanently cripple the
body politic. --Macaulay.
Crippled \Crip"pled\ (kr?p"p'ld), a.
Lamed; lame; disabled; impeded. ``The crippled crone.''
--Longfellow.
Crippleness \Crip"ple*ness\, n.
Lameness. [R.] --Johnson.
Crippler \Crip"pler\ (-pl?r), n.
A wooden tool used in graining leather. --Knight.
Crippling \Crip"pling\ (-pl?ng), n.
Spars or timbers set up as a support against the side of a
building.
Cripply \Crip"ply\ (-pl?), a.
Lame; disabled; in a crippled condition. [R.] --Mrs.
Trollope.
Crisis \Cri"sis\ (kr?"s?s), n.; pl. {Crises} (-s?z). [L. crisis,
Gr. ????, fr. ???? to separate. See {Certain}.]
1. The point of time when it is to be decided whether any
affair or course of action must go on, or be modified or
terminate; the decisive moment; the turning point.
This hour's the very crisis of your fate. --Dryden.
The very times of crisis for the fate of the
country. --Brougham.
2. (Med.) That change in a disease which indicates whether
the result is to be recovery or death; sometimes, also, a
striking change of symptoms attended by an outward
manifestation, as by an eruption or sweat.
Till some safe crisis authorize their skill.
--Dryden.
Crisp \Crisp\ (kr?sp), a. [AS. crisp, fr. L. crispus; cf.
carpere to pluck, card (wool), and E. harvest. Cf. {Crape}.]
1. Curling in stiff curls or ringlets; as, crisp hair.
2. Curled with the ripple of the water. [Poetic]
You nymphs called Naiads, of the winding brooks . .
. Leave jour crisp channels. --Shak.
3. Brittle; friable; in a condition to break with a short,
sharp fracture; as, crisp snow.
The cakes at tea ate short and crisp. --Goldsmith.
4. Possessing a certain degree of firmness and freshness; in
a fresh, unwilted condition.
It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet
looks as hale and crisp as if it would last ninety
years. --Leigh Hunt.
5. Lively; sparking; effervescing.
Your neat crisp claret. --Beau. & Fl.
6. Brisk; crackling; cheerful; lively.
The snug, small room, and the crisp fire. --Dickens.
Crisp \Crisp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crisped} (kr?spt); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Crisping}.] [L. crispare, fr. crispus. See {Crisp}.
a. ]
1. To curl; to form into ringlets, as hair, or the nap of
cloth; to interweave, as the branches of trees.
2. To cause to undulate irregularly, as crape or water; to
wrinkle; to cause to ripple. Cf. {Crimp}.
The lover with the myrtle sprays Adorns his crisped
tresses. --Drayton.
Along the crisped shades and bowers. --Milton.
The crisped brooks, Rolling on orient pearl and
sands of gold. --Milton.
3. To make crisp or brittle, as in cooking.
{Crisping iron}, an instrument by which hair or any textile
fabric is crisped.
{Crisping pin}, the simplest form of crisping iron. --Is.
iii. 22.
Crisp \Crisp\, v. i.
To undulate or ripple. Cf. {Crisp}, v. t.
To watch the crisping ripples on the beach. --Tennuson.
Crisp \Crisp\, n.
That which is crisp or brittle; the state of being crisp or
brittle; as, burned to a crisp; specifically, the rind of
roasted pork; crackling.
Crispate \Cris"pate\ (kr?s"p?t), Crispated \Cris"pa*ted\
(-p?-t?d), a. [L. crispatus, p. p. of crispare.]
Having a crisped appearance; irregularly curled or twisted.
Crispation \Cris*pa"tion\ (kr?s-p?"sh?n), n. [CF. F.
crispation.]
1. The act or process of curling, or the state of being
curled. --Bacon.
2. A very slight convulsive or spasmodic contraction of
certain muscles, external or internal.
Few men can look down from a great height without
creepings and crispations. --O. W.
Holmes.
Crispature \Cris"pa*ture\ (kr?s"p?-t?r; 135), n.
The state of being crispate.
Crisper \Crisp"er\ (kr?s"p?r), n.
One who, or that which, crisps or curls; an instrument for
making little curls in the nap of cloth, as in chinchilla.
Crispin \Cris"pin\ (kr?s"p?n), n.
1. A shoemaker; -- jocularly so called from the patron saint
of the craft.
2. A member of a union or association of shoemakers.
Crisply \Crisp"ly\ (kr?sp"l?), adv.
In a crisp manner.
Crispness \Crisp"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being crisp.
Crispy \Crisp"y\ (-?), a.
1. Formed into short, close ringlets; frizzed; crisp; as,
crispy locks.
2. Crisp; brittle; as, a crispy pie crust.
Crissal \Cris"sal\ (kr?s"sal), a. (Zo["o]l.)
1. Pertaining to the crissum; as, crissal feathers.
2. Having highly colored under tail coverts; as, the crissal
thrasher.
Crisscross \Criss"cross`\ (kr?s"kr?s`; 115), n. [A corruption of
Christcross.]
1. A mark or cross, as the signature of a person who is
unable to write.
2. A child's game played on paper or on a slate, consisting
of lines arranged in the form of a cross.
Crisscross \Criss"cross`\, v. t.
To mark or cover with cross lines; as, a paper was
crisscrossed with red marks.
Crisscross \Criss"cross`\ (kr?s"kr?s`;115), adv.
1. In opposite directions; in a way to cross something else;
crossing one another at various angles and in various
ways.
Logs and tree luing crisscross in utter confusion.
--W. E.
Boardman.
2. With opposition or hindrance; at cross purposes;
contrarily; as, things go crisscross.
Crisscross-row \Criss"cross-row`\ (-r?`), n.
See {Christcross-row}.
Crissum \Cris"sum\ (kr?s"s?m),, n.; pl. {Crissa} (-s?). [NL.;
cf. L. crisso to move the haunches.] (Zo["o]l.)
That part of a bird, or the feathers, surrounding the cloacal
opening; the under tail coverts.
Cristate \Cris"tate\ (kr?s"t?t), a. [L. ctistatus, fr. crista
crest.] (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Crested.
Criterion \Cri*te"ri*on\ (kr?-t?"r?-?n), n.; pl. {Criteria}
(-?), sometimes {Criterions} (-?nz). [Gr. ????? a means for
judging, fr. ???? decider, judge, fr. ????? to separate. See
{Certain}.]
A standard of judging; any approved or established rule or
test, by which facts, principles opinions, and conduct are
tried in forming a correct judgment respecting them.
Of the diseases of the mind there is no criterion.
--Donne.
Inferences founded on such enduring criteria. --Sir G.
C. Lewis.
Syn: Standard; measure; rule.
Crith \Crith\ (kr?th), n. [Gr. ??? a barleycorn, a small
weight.] (Chem.)
The unit for estimating the weight of a?riform substances; --
the weight of a liter of hydrogen at 0? centigrade, and with
a tension of 76 centimeters of mercury. It is 0.0896 of a
gram, or 1.38274 grains.
Crithomancu \Crith"o*man`cu\ (kr?th"?-m?n`s?), n. [Gr. ????.
pl., barley + -mancy: cf. F. crithomancie.]
A kind of divination by means of the dough of the cakes
offered in the ancient sacrifices, and the meal strewed over
the victims.
Critic \Crit"ic\ (kr?t"?k), n. [L. criticus, Gr. ????, a critic;
prop., an adj. meaning able to discuss, from ???? to judge,
discern. See {Certain}, and cf. {Critique}.]
1. One skilled in judging of the merits of literary or
artistic works; a connoisseur; an adept; hence, one who
examines literary or artistic works, etc., and passes
judgment upon them; a reviewer.
The opininon of the most skillful critics was, that
nothing finer [than Goldsmith's ``Traveler''] had
appeared in verse since the fourth book of the
``Dunciad.'' --Macaulay.
2. One who passes a rigorous or captious judgment; one who
censures or finds fault; a harsh examiner or judge; a
caviler; a carper.
When an author has many beauties consistent with
virtue, piety, and truth, let not little critics
exalt themselves, and shower down their ill nature.
--I. Watts.
You know who the critics are? the men who have
failed in literature and art. --Beaconsfield.
3. The art of criticism. [Obs.] --Locke.
4. An act of criticism; a critique. [Obs.]
And make each day a critic on the last. --Pope.
Critic \Crit"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to critics or criticism; critical. [Obs.]
``Critic learning.'' --Pope.
Critic \Crit"ic\, v. i. [Cf. F. critiquer.]
To criticise; to play the critic. [Obs.]
Nay, if you begin to critic once, we shall never have
done. --A. Brewer.
Critical \Crit"ic*al\ (kr?t"?-kal), a. [See {Critic}, n.,
{Crisis}.]
1. Qualified to criticise, or pass judgment upon, literary or
artistic productions.
It is submitted to the judgment of more critical
ears to direct and determine what is graceful and
what is not. --Holder.
2. Pertaining to criticism or the critic's art; of the nature
of a criticism; accurate; as, critical knowledge; a
critical dissertation.
3. Inclined to make nice distinctions, or to exercise careful
judgment and selection; exact; nicely judicious.
Virgil was so critical in the rites of religion.
that he would never have brought in such prayers as
these, if they had not been agreeable to the Roman
customs. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
4. Inclined to criticise or find fault; fastidious; captious;
censorious; exacting.
O gentle lady, do not put me to 't, For I am
nothing, if not critical. --Shak.
5. Characterized by thoroughness and a reference to
principles, as becomes a critic; as, a critical analysis
of a subject.
6. [See {Crisis}.] Pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis,
turning point, or specially important juncture; important
as regards consequences; hence, of doubtful issue;
attended with risk; dangerous; as, the critical stage of a
fever; a critical situation.
Our circumstances are indeed critical. --Burke.
The small moment, the exact point, the critical
minute, on which every good work so much depends.
--South.
{Critical angle} (Optics), that angle of incidence of a
luminous ray at which it is wholly reflected, and no
portion of it transmitted. The sine of this angle is the
reciprocal of the refractive index of the medium.
{Critical philosophy}, the metaphysical system of Kant; -- so
called from his most important work, the ``Critique of
Pure Reason.''
{Critical point} (Physics), a certain temperature, different
for different gases, but always the same for each gas,
regarded as the limit above which no amount of pressure
can produce condensation to a liquid.
Critically \Crit"ic*al*ly\, adv.
1. In a critical manner; with nice discernment; accurately;
exactly.
Critically to discern good writers from bad.
--Dryden.
2. At a crisis; at a critical time; in a situation, place, or
condition of decisive consequence; as, a fortification
critically situated.
Coming critically the night before the session.
--Bp. Burnet.
Criticalness \Crit"ic*al*ness\, n.
1. The state or quality of being critical, or of occurring at
a critical time.
2. Accuracy in examination or decision; exactness.
Criticaster \Crit"ic*as`ter\ (kr[i^]t"[i^]k*[a^]s`t[til]r), n.
A contemptible or vicious critic.
The rancorous and reptile crew of poeticules, who
decompose into criticasters. --Swinburne.
Criticisable \Crit"i*cis`a*ble\
(kr[i^]t"[i^]*s[imac]z`[.a]*b'l), a.
Capable of being criticised.
Criticise \Crit"i*cise\ (kr?t"?-s?z), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Criticised} (-s?zd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Criticising}.]
[Written also, more analogically, but less commonly,
criticize.] [Cf. G. kritisiren. See {Critic}.]
1. To examine and judge as a critic; to pass literary or
artistic judgment upon; as, to criticise an author; to
criticise a picture.
2. To express one's views as to the merit or demerit of;
esp., to animadvert upon; to find fault with; as, to
criticise conduct. --Blackwood's Mag.
Criticise \Crit"i*cise\, v. i.
1. To act as a critic; to pass literary or artistic judgment;
to play the critic; -- formerly used with on or upon.
Several of these ladies, indeed, criticised upon the
form of the association. --Addison.
2. To discuss the merits or demerits of a thing or person;
esp., to find fault.
Cavil you may, but never criticise. -- Pope.
Criticiser \Crit"i*ci`ser\ (-s?`z?r), n.
One who criticises; a critic.
Criticism \Crit"i*cism\ (kr?t"?-s?z'm), n.
1. The rules and principles which regulate the practice of
the critic; the art of judging with knowledge and
propriety of the beauties and faults of a literary
performance, or of a production in the fine arts; as,
dramatic criticism.
The elements ofcriticism depend on the two
principles of Beauty and Truth, one of which is the
final end or object of study in every one of its
pursuits: Beauty, in letters and the arts; Truth, in
history and sciences. --Brande & C.
By criticism, as it was first instituted by
Aristotle, was meant a standard of judging well.
--Dryden.
2. The act of criticising; a critical judgment passed or
expressed; a critical observation or detailed examination
and review; a critique; animadversion; censure.
About the plan of ``Rasselas'' little was said by
the critics; and yet the faults of the plan might
seem to invite severe criticism. --Macaulay.
Critique \Cri*tique"\ (kr?-t?k"), n. [F. critique, f., fr. Gr.
???? (sc. ????) the critical art, from ?????. See {Critic}.]
1. The art of criticism. [Written also {critic}.] [R.]
2. A critical examination or estimate of a work of literature
or art; a critical dissertation or essay; a careful and
through analysis of any subject; a criticism; as, Kant's
``Critique of Pure Reason.''
I should as soon expect to see a critique on the
poesy of a ring as on the inscription of a medal.
--Addison.
3. A critic; one who criticises. [Obs.]
A question among critiques in the ages to come.
--Bp. Lincoln.
Critique \Cri*tique"\, v. t. [Cf. {Critic}, v.]
To criticise or pass judgment upon. [Obs.] --Pope.
Crizzel \Criz"zel\ (kr?z"z'l), n. [Cf. grizzle darkish gray, or
G. griselig gravelly, granular, speckled.]
A kind of roughness on the surface of glass, which clouds its
transparency. [Written also {crizzeling} and {crizzle}.]
Croak \Croak\ (kr?k), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Croaked}. (kr?kt); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Croaking}.] [From the primitive of AS.
cracettan to croak as a raven; akin to G. kr?chzen to croak,
and to E. creak, crake.]
1. To make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog, a
raven, or a crow; hence, to make any hoarse, dismal sound.
Loud thunder to its bottom shook the bog, And the
hoarse nation croaked. --Pope.
2. To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode evil; to
utter complaints or forebodings habitually.
Marat . . . croaks with reasonableness. --Carlyle.
Croak \Croak\, v. t.
To utter in a low, hoarse voice; to announce by croaking; to
forebode; as, to croak disaster.
The raven himself is hoarse, That croaks the fatal
entrance of Duncan. --Shak.
Two ravens now began to croak Their nuptial song.
--Wordsworth.
Croak \Croak\, n.
The coarse, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a raven, or a
like sound.
Croaker \Croak"er\ (-?r), n.
1. One who croaks, murmurs, grumbles, or complains
unreasonably; one who habitually forebodes evil.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small American fish ({Micropogon undulatus}), of the
Atlantic coast.
(a) An American fresh-water fish ({Aplodinotus
grunniens}); -- called also {drum}.
(c) The surf fish of California.
Note: When caught these fishes make a croaking sound; whence
the name, which is often corrupted into crocus.
Croat \Cro"at\ (kr?"?t), n. [Cf. {Cravat}.]
1. A native of Croatia, in Austria; esp., one of the native
Slavic race.
2. An irregular soldier, generally from Croatia.
Croatian \Cro*a"tian\ (kr?-?"shan), a.
Of or pertaining to Croatia. -- n. A Croat.
Crocein \Cro"ce*in\ (kr?"s?-?n), n. [See {Croceous}.] (Chem.)
A name given to any one of several yellow or scarlet
dyestuffs of artificial production and complex structure. In
general they are diazo and sulphonic acid derivatives of
benzene and naphthol.
Croceous \Cro"ceous\ (kr?"sh?s), a. [L. croceus, fr. crocus
saffron. See {Crocus}.]
Of, pertaining to, or like, saffron; deep reddish yellow.
[R.]
Crocetin \Cro"ce*tin\ (kr?"s?-t?n), n. (Chem.)
A dyestuff, obtained from the Chinese crocin, which produces
a brilliant yellow.
Croche \Croche\ (kr[=o]ch), n. [OF. croche, equiv. to F.
crochet, croc, hook. See {Crotchet}, {Crook}.]
A little bud or knob at the top of a deer's antler.
Crochet \Cro*chet"\ (kr?-sh?"), n. [F. crochet small hook. See
{Croche}.]
A kind of knitting done by means of a hooked needle, with
worsted, silk, or cotton; crochet work. Commonly used
adjectively.
{Crochet hook}, {Crochet needle}, a small hook, or a hooked
needle (often of bone), used in crochet work.
Crochet \Cro*chet"\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Crocheted}
(sh[=a]d"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crocheting} (-sh[=a]"[i^]ng).]
To knit with a crochet needle or hook; as, to crochet a
shawl.
Crociary \Cro"ci*a*ry\ (kr?"sh?-?-r?), n. [See {Crosier}.]
(Eccl.)
One who carries the cross before an archbishop. [Obs.]
Crocidolite \Cro*cid"o*lite\ (kr?-s?d"?-l?t), n. [Gr. kroky`s
nap on cloth + -lite.] (Min.)
A mineral occuring in silky fibers of a lavender blue color.
It is related to hornblende and is essentially a silicate of
iron and soda; -- called also {blue asbestus}. A silicified
form, in which the fibers penetrating quartz are changed to
oxide of iron, is the yellow brown {tiger-eye} of the
jewelers.
Crocin \Cro"cin\ (kr?"s?n), n. [Gr. ???? saffron.] (Chem.)
(a) The coloring matter of Chinese yellow pods, the fruit of
{Gardenia grandiflora}. --Watts.
(b) A red powder (called also {polychroite}), which is made
from the saffron ({Crocus sativus}). See {Polychroite}.
Crock \Crock\ (kr[o^]k), n. [Cf. W. croeg cover, Scot. crochit
covered.]
The loose black particles collected from combustion, as on
pots and kettles, or in a chimney; soot; smut; also, coloring
matter which rubs off from cloth.
Crock \Crock\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crocked} (kr[o^]kt); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Crocking}.]
To soil by contact, as with soot, or with the coloring matter
of badly dyed cloth.
Crock \Crock\, v. i.
To give off crock or smut.
Crock \Crock\, n.
A low stool. ``I . . . seated her upon a little crock.''
--Tatler.
Crock \Crock\ (kr?k), n. [AS. croc, croca, crog, croh; akin to
D. kruik, G. krug, Icel. krukka, Dan. krukke, Sw. kruka; but
cf. W. crwc bucket, pail, crochan pot, cregen earthen vessel,
jar. Cf. {Cruet}.]
Any piece of crockery, especially of coarse earthenware; an
earthen pot or pitcher.
Like foolish flies about an honey crock. --Spenser.
Crock \Crock\, v. t.
To lay up in a crock; as, to crock butter. --Halliwell.
Crocker \Crock"er\ (-?r), n.
A potter. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Crockery \Crock"er*y\ ( kr?k"?r-?), n. [From {Crock} an earthen
vessel.]
Earthenware; vessels formed of baked clay, especially the
coarser kinds.
Crocket \Crock"et\ (kr?k"?t), n. [OF. croquet, F. crochet, dim.
of croc hook. See {Crook}, and cf. {Crotchet}.]
1. (Arch.) An ornament often resembling curved and bent
foliage, projecting from the sloping edge of a gable,
spire, etc.
2. A croche, or knob, on the top of a stag's antler.
The antlers and the crockets. --W. Black.
Crocketed \Crock"et*ed\, a. (Arch.)
Ornamented with crockets.
Crocketing \Crock"et*ing\, n. (Arch.)
Ornamentation with crockets. --Ruskin.
Crocky \Crock"y\ (-?), a. [From {Crock} soot.]
Smutty.
Crocodile \Croc"o*dile\ (kr?k"?-d?l; 277), n. [L. crocodilus,
Gr. ?????: cf. F. crocodile. Cf. {Cookatrice}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A large reptile of the genus {Crocodilus}, of
several species. They grow to the length of sixteen or
eighteen feet, and inhabit the large rivers of Africa,
Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the sand, are hatched
by the sun's heat. The best known species is that of the
Nile ({C. vulgaris}, or {C. Niloticus}). The Florida
crocodile ({C. Americanus}) is much less common than the
alligator and has longer jaws. The name is also sometimes
applied to the species of other related genera, as the
gavial and the alligator.
2. (Logic) A fallacious dilemma, mythically supposed to have
been first used by a crocodile.
{Crocodile bird} (Zo["o]l.), an African plover ({Pluvianus
[ae]gypticus}) which alights upon the crocodile and
devours its insect parasites, even entering its open mouth
(according to reliable writers) in pursuit of files, etc.;
-- called also {Nile bird}. It is the {trochilos} of
ancient writers.
{Crocodile tears}, false or affected tears; hypocritical
sorrow; -- derived from the fiction of old travelers, that
crocodiles shed tears over their prey.
Crocodilia \Croc`o*dil"i*a\ (-d?l"?-?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L.
crocodilus crocodile.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of reptiles including the crocodiles, gavials,
alligators, and many extinct kinds.
Crocodilian \Croc`o*dil"i*an\ (kr?k`?-d?l"?-a]/>n), a.
(Zo["o]l.)
Like, or pertaining to, the crocodile; characteristic of the
crocodile. -- n. One of the Crocodilia.
Crocodility \Croc`o*dil"i*ty\ (-?-t?), n. (Logic)
A caption or sophistical mode of arguing. [R.]
Crocoisite \Cro"cois*ite\ (kr?"kois-?t), n. [Cf. F. croco?se.]
(Min.)
Same as {Crocoite}.
Crocoite \Cro"co*ite\ (kr?"k?-?t), n. [Gr. ???? saffron.] (Min.)
Lead chromate occuring in crystals of a bright hyacinth red
color; -- called also {red lead ore}.
Croconate \Cro"con*ate\ (kr?"k?n-?t), n. (Chem.)
A salt formed by the union of croconic acid with a base.
Croconic \Cro*con"ic\ (kr?-k?n"?k), a. [Gr. ???? saffron.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color
of saffron; as, croconic acid.
2. Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic acid.
{Croconic acid} (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance,
{C5O3(OH)2}, obtained from potassium carboxide, rhodizonic
acid, and various phenol and quinone derivatives of
benzene, and forming yellow or orange colored salts.
Crocose \Cro"cose\ (kr[=o]"k[=o]s), n. [Gr. kro`kos saffron.]
(Chem.)
A white crystalline sugar, metameric with glucose, obtained
from the coloring matter of saffron. [Written also
{crokose}.]
Crocus \Cro"cus\ (kr[=o]"k[u^]s), n. [L., saffron, fr. Gr.
kro`kos; cf. Heb. kark[=o]m, Ar. kurkum, Skr. ku[.n]kuma.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of iridaceous plants, with pretty blossoms
rising separately from the bulb or corm. {C. vernus} is
one of the earliest of spring-blooming flowers; {C.
sativus} produces the saffron, and blossoms in the autumn.
2. (Chem.) A deep yellow powder; the oxide of some metal
calcined to a red or deep yellow color; esp., the oxide of
iron ({Crocus of Mars} or {colcothar}) thus produced from
salts of iron, and used as a polishing powder.
{Crocus of Venus} (Old Chem.), oxide of copper.
Croesus \Cr[oe]"sus\ (kr[=e]"s[u^]s), n. [L., fr. G. Kroi^sos.]
A king of Lydia who flourished in the 6th century b. c., and
was renowned for his vast wealth; hence, a common appellation
for a very rich man; as, he is a veritable Cr[oe]sus.
Croft \Croft\ (kr[o^]ft; 115), n. [AS. croft; akin to D. kroft
hillock; cf. Gael. croit hump, croft.]
A small, inclosed field, adjoining a house; a small farm.
A few small crofts of stone-encumbered ground.
--Wordsworth.
Crofter \Croft"er\ (-?r), n.
One who rents and tills a small farm or helding; as, the
crofters of Scotland.
Crefting \Creft"ing\, n.
1. Croftland. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
2. (Textile Manuf.) Exposing linen to the sun, on the grass,
in the process of bleaching.
Croftland \Croft"land\ (-l?nd), n.
Land of superior quality, on which successive crops are
raised. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Crois \Crois\ (krois). n. [OF.]
See {Cross}, n. [Obs.]
Croisade \Croi*sade"\ (kroi-s?d"), Croisado \Croi*sa"do\
(-s?"d?), n. [F. criosade. See {Crusade}.]
A holy war; a crusade. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Croise \Croise\ (krois), n. [F. crois? crusader, fr. OF. crois,
F. croix, cross. See {Cross}.]
1. A pilgrim bearing or wearing a cross. [Obs.]
2. A crusader. [Obs.]
The conquesta of the croises extending over
Palestine. --Burke.
Croissante \Crois`san`te"\ (krw?`s?n`t?"), a. [F. croissant,
adj. & n., crescent.] (Her.)
Terminated with crescent; -- said of a cross the ends of
which are so terminated.
Croker \Cro"ker\ (kr?"k?r), n. [Gr. ??? saffron.]
A cultivator of saffron; a dealer in saffron. [Obs.]
--Holinshed.
Croma \Cro"ma\ (kr?"m?), n. [It.] (Mus.)
A quaver. [Obs.]
Cromlech \Crom"lech\ (kr[o^]m"l[e^]k), n. [W. cromlech; crom
bending or bent, concave + llech a flat stone; akin to Ir.
cromleac.] (Arch[ae]ol.)
A monument of rough stones composed of one or more large ones
supported in a horizontal position upon others. They are
found chiefly in countries inhabited by the ancient Celts,
and are of a period anterior to the introduction of
Christianity into these countries.
Cromorna \Cro*mor"na\ (kr?-m?r"n?), n. [F. cromorne (cf. It.
cromorno0, fr. G. krummhorn crooked horn, cornet, an organ
pipe turned like a trumpet; krumm crooked + horn horn.]
(Mus.)
A certain reed stop in the organ, of a quality of tone
resembling that of the oboe. [Corruptly written {cromona}.]
Crone \Crone\ (kr?n), n. [OD. kronie, karonie, an old sheep, OF.
carogne, F. charogne, carrion (also F. carogne illnatured
woman.). See {Carrion}, and {Crony}.]
1. An old ewe. [Obs.] --Tusser.
2. An old woman; -- usually in contempt.
But still the crone was constant to her note.
--Dryden.
3. An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts like an
old woman. [R.]
The old crone [a negro man] lived in a hovel, . . .
which his master had given him. --W. Irving.
A few old battered crones of office. --Beaconsfield.
Cronel \Cro"nel\ (kr?"n?l), n. [Cf. {Coronel} spearhead,
{Crown}.]
The iron head of a tilting spear.
Cronet \Cro"net\ (kr?"n?t), n. [Cf. {Coronet}, {Crownet}.]
The coronet of a horse.
Cronian \Cro"ni*an\ (kr?"n?-a]/>n), a. [Gr. ???? Saturnian, fr.
???? Saturn.]
Saturnian; -- applied to the North Polar Sea. [R.] --Milton.
Cronstedtite \Cron"stedt*ite\ (kr?n"st?t-?t), n. (Min.)
A mineral consisting principally of silicate of iron, and
crystallizing in hexagonal prisms with perfect basal
cleavage; -- so named from the Swedish mineralogist
Cronstedt.
Crony \Cro"ny\ (kr?"n?), n.; pl. {Cronies} (-n?z). [Orig., an
old woman. See {Crone}.]
1. A crone. [Obs.] ``Marry not an old crony.'' --Burton.
2. An intimate companion; a familiar frend. [Colloq.]
He soon found his former cronies, though all rather
the worse for the wear and tear of time. --W.
Irving.
Croodle \Croo"dle\ (kr??"d'l), v. i. [Cf. {Cruddle}, {Crudle}.]
1. To cower or cuddle together, as from fear or cold; to lie
close and snug together, as pigs in straw. [Prov. Eng.]
--Wright. Forby.
A dove to fly home her nest and croodle there. --C.
Kingsley.
2. To fawn or coax. [Obs.]
3. To coo. [Scot.]
Crook \Crook\ (kr[oo^]k), n. [OE. crok; akin to Icel. kr[onac]kr
hook, bend, SW. krok, Dan. krog, OD. krooke; or cf. Gael.
crocan crook, hook, W. crwca crooked. Cf. {Crosier},
{Crotchet}, {Crutch}, {Encroach}.]
1. A bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure.
Through lanes, and crooks, and darkness. --Phaer.
2. Any implement having a bent or crooked end. Especially:
(a) The staff used by a shepherd, the hook of which serves
to hold a runaway sheep.
(b) A bishop's staff of office. Cf. {Pastoral staff}.
He left his crook, he left his flocks. --Prior.
3. A pothook. ``As black as the crook.'' --Sir W. Scott.
4. An artifice; trick; tricky device; subterfuge.
For all yuor brags, hooks, and crooks. --Cranmer.
5. (Mus.) A small tube, usually curved, applied to a trumpet,
horn, etc., to change its pitch or key.
6. A person given to fraudulent practices; an accomplice of
thieves, forgers, etc. [Cant, U.S.]
{By hook or by crook}, in some way or other; by fair means or
foul.
Crook \Crook\ (kr??k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crooked} (kr??kt);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Crooking}.] [OE. croken; cf. Sw. kr?ka, Dan.
kr?ge. See Crook, n.]
1. To turn from a straight line; to bend; to curve.
Crook the pregnant hinges of the knee. --Shak.
2. To turn from the path of rectitude; to pervert; to
misapply; to twist. [Archaic]
There is no one thing that crooks youth more than
such unlawfull games. --Ascham.
What soever affairs pass such a man's hands, he
crooketh them to his own ends. --Bacon.
Crook \Crook\, v. i.
To bend; to curve; to wind; to have a curvature. `` The port
. . . crooketh like a bow.'' --Phaer.
Their shoes and pattens are snouted, and piked more
than a finger long, crooking upwards. --Camden.
Crookback \Crook"back`\ (kr??k"b?k), n.
A crooked back; one who has a crooked or deformed back; a
hunchback.
Crookack \Crook"ack`\, a.
Hunched. --Shak. `
Crookbill \Crook"bill`\ ( -b?l`), n. (Zo["o]l)
A New Zealand plover ({Anarhynchus frontalis}), remarkable
for having the end of the beak abruptly bent to the right.
Crooked \Crook"ed\ (kr??k"?d), a.
1. Characterized by a crook or curve; not straight; turning;
bent; twisted; deformed. ``Crooked paths.'' --Locke.
he is deformed, crooked, old, and sere. --Shak.
2. Not straightforward; deviating from rectitude; distorted
from the right.
They are a perverse and crooked generation. --Deut.
xxxii. 5.
3. False; dishonest; fraudulent; as, crooked dealings.
{Crooked whisky}, whisky on which the payment of duty has
been fraudulently evaded. [Slang, U.S.] --Barlett.
Crookedly \Crook"ed*ly\, adv.
In a curved or crooked manner; in a perverse or untoward
manner.
Crookedness \Crook"ed*ness\, n.
The condition or quality of being crooked; hence, deformity
of body or of mind; deviation from moral rectitude;
perverseness.
Crooken \Crook"en\ (kr??k"'n), v. t.
To make crooked. [Obs.]
Crookes tube \Crookes" tube`\ (kr??ks" t?b`). (Phys.)
A vacuum tube in which the exhaustion is carried to a very
high degree, with the production of a distinct class of
effects; -- so called from W. Crookes who introduced it.
Croon \Croon\ (kr??n), v. i. [OE. croinen, cf. D. kreunen to
moan. ?24.]
1. To make a continuous hollow moan, as cattle do when in
pain. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
2. To hum or sing in a low tone; to murmur softly.
Here an old grandmother was crooning over a sick
child, and rocking it to and fro. --Dickens.
Croon \Croon\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crooned} (kr??nd); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Crooning}.]
1. To sing in a low tone, as if to one's self; to hum.
Hearing such stanzas crooned in her praise. --C.
Bront?.
2. To soothe by singing softly.
The fragment of the childish hymn with which he sung
and crooned himself asleep. --Dickens.
Croon \Croon\, n.
1. A low, continued moan; a murmur.
2. A low singing; a plain, artless melody.
Crop \Crop\ (kr?p), n. [OE. crop, croppe, craw, top of a plant,
harvest, AS. crop, cropp, craw, top, bunch, ear of corn; akin
to D. krop craw, G. kropf, Icel. kroppr hump or bunch on the
body, body; but cf. also W. cropa, croppa, crop or craw of a
bird, Ir. & Gael. sgroban. Cf. {Croup}, {Crupper}, {Croup}.]
1. The pouchlike enlargement of the gullet of birds, serving
as a receptacle for food; the craw.
2. The top, end, or highest part of anything, especially of a
plant or tree. [Obs.] ``Crop and root.'' --Chaucer.
3. That which is cropped, cut, or gathered from a single
felld, or of a single kind of grain or fruit, or in a
single season; especially, the product of what is planted
in the earth; fruit; harvest.
Lab'ring the soil, and reaping plenteous crop, Corn,
wine, and oil. --Milton.
4. Grain or other product of the field while standing.
5. Anything cut off or gathered.
Guiltless of steel, and from the razor free, It
falls a plenteous crop reserved for thee. --Dryden.
6. Hair cut close or short, or the act or style of so
cutting; as, a convict's crop.
7. (Arch.) A projecting ornament in carved stone.
Specifically, a finial. [Obs.]
8. (Mining.)
(a) Tin ore prepared for smelting.
(b) Outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface. --Knight.
9. A riding whip with a loop instead of a lash.
{Neck and crop}, altogether; roughly and at once. [Colloq.]
Crop \Crop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cropped} (kr?pt); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cropping}.]
1. To cut off the tops or tips of; to bite or pull off; to
browse; to pluck; to mow; to reap.
I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a
tender one. --Ezek. xvii.
22.
2. Fig.: To cut off, as if in harvest.
Death . . . .crops the growing boys. --Creech.
3. To cause to bear a crop; as, to crop a field.
Crop \Crop\, v. i.
To yield harvest.
{To crop out}.
(a) (Geol.) To appear above the surface, as a seam or vein,
or inclined bed, as of coal.
(b) To come to light; to be manifest; to appear; as, the
peculiarities of an author crop out.
{To crop up}, to sprout; to spring up. ``Cares crop up in
villas.`` --Beaconsfield.
Crop-ear \Crop"-ear`\ (kr?p"?r`), n.
A person or animal whose ears are cropped.
Crop-eared \Crop"-eared`\ (kr?p"?rd`), a.
Having the ears cropped.
Cropful \Crop"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Having a full crop or belly; satiated. --Milton.
Cropper \Crop"per\ (kr?p"p?r), n.
1. One that crops.
2. A variety of pigeon with a large crop; a pouter.
3. (Mech.) A machine for cropping, as for shearing off bolts
or rod iron, or for facing cloth.
4. A fall on one's head when riding at full speed, as in
hunting; hence, a sudden failure or collapse. [Slang.]
Cropsick \Crop"sick`\ (kr?"s?k`), a.
Sick from excess in eating or drinking. [Obs.] ``Cropsick
drunkards.'' --Tate. -- {Crop"sick`ness}, n. [Obs.]
--Whitlock.
Crop-tailed \Crop"-tailed`\ (-t?ld`), a.
Having the tail cropped.
Croquet \Cro*quet"\ (kr?-k?"), n. [From French; cf. Walloon
croque blow, fillip. F. croquet a crisp biscuit, croquer to
crunch, fr. croc a crackling sound, of imitative origin.
Croquet then properly meant a smart tap on the ball.]
1. An open-air game in which two or more players endeavor to
drive wooden balls, by means of mallets, through a series
of hoops or arches set in the ground according to some
pattern.
2. The act of croqueting.
Croquet \Cro*quet"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Croqueted} (-k?d); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Croqueting} (-k?"?ng).]
In the game of croquet, to drive away an opponent's ball,
after putting one's own in contact with it, by striking one's
own ball with the mallet.
Cro-quette \Cro-quette"\ (kr?-k?t"), n. [F., fr. croquer to
crunch.] (Cookery)
A ball of minced meat, fowl, rice, or other ingredients,
highly seasoned, and fried.
Crore \Crore\ (kr?r), n. [Hind. karor, Skr. koTi.]
Ten millions; as, a crore of rupees (which is nearly
$5,000,000). [East Indies] --Malcolm.
Crosier \Cro"sier\ (kr?"zh?r), n. [OE. rocer, croser, croyser,
fr. croce crosier, OF. croce, croche, F. crosse, fr. LL.
crocea, crocia, from the same German or Celtic sourse as F.
croc hook; akin to E. crook.]
The pastoral staff of a bishop (also of an archbishop, being
the symbol of his office as a shepherd of the flock of God.
Note: The true shape of the crosier was with a hooked or
curved top; the archbishop's staff alone bore a cross
instead of a crook, and was of exceptional, not of
regular form. --Skeat.
Crosiered \Cro"siered\ (-zh?rd), a.
Bearing a crosier.
Croslet \Cros"let\ (kr?s"l?t; 115), n.
See {Crosslet}.
Cross \Cross\ (kr[o^]s; 115), n. [OE. crois, croys, cros; the
former fr. OF. crois, croiz, F. croix, fr. L. crux; the
second is perh. directly fr. Prov. cros, crotz. fr. the same
L. crux; cf. Icel. kross. Cf. {Crucial}, {Crusade}, {Cruise},
{Crux}.]
1. A gibbet, consisting of two pieces of timber placed
transversely upon one another, in various forms, as a T,
or +, with the horizontal piece below the upper end of the
upright, or as an X. It was anciently used in the
execution of criminals.
Nailed to the cross By his own nation. --Milton.
2. The sign or mark of the cross, made with the finger, or in
ink, etc., or actually represented in some material; the
symbol of Christ's death; the ensign and chosen symbol of
Christianity, of a Christian people, and of Christendom.
The custom of making the sign of the cross with the
hand or finger, as a means of conferring blessing or
preserving from evil, is very old. --Schaff-Herzog
Encyc.
Before the cross has waned the crescent's ray. --Sir
W. Scott.
Tis where the cross is preached. --Cowper.
3. Affiction regarded as a test of patience or virtue; trial;
disappointment; opposition; misfortune.
Heaven prepares a good man with crosses. --B.
Jonson.
4. A piece of money stamped with the figure of a cross, also,
that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped;
hence, money in general.
I should bear no cross if I did bear you; for I
think you have no money in your purse. --Shak.
5. An appendage or ornament or anything in the form of a
cross; a badge or ornamental device of the general shape
of a cross; hence, such an ornament, even when varying
considerably from that form; thus, the Cross of the
British Order of St. George and St. Michael consists of a
central medallion with seven arms radiating from it.
6. (Arch.) A monument in the form of a cross, or surmounted
by a cross, set up in a public place; as, a market cross;
a boundary cross; Charing Cross in London.
Dun-Edin's Cross, a pillared stone, Rose on a turret
octagon. --Sir W.
Scott.
7. (Her.) A common heraldic bearing, of which there are many
varieties. See the Illustration, above.
8. The crosslike mark or symbol used instead of a signature
by those unable to write.
Five Kentish abbesses . . . .subscribed their names
and crosses. --Fuller.
9. Church lands. [Ireland] [Obs.] --Sir J. Davies.
10. A line drawn across or through another line.
11. Hence: A mixing of breeds or stock, especially in cattle
breeding; or the product of such intermixture; a hybrid
of any kind.
Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a
cross between Paul Jones and Jeremy Diddler. --Lord
Dufferin.
12. (Surveying) An instrument for laying of offsets
perpendicular to the main course.
13. (Mech.) A pipe-fitting with four branches the axes of
which usually form's right angle.
{Cross and pile}, a game with money, at which it is put to
chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up which
bears the cross, or the other, which is called pile, or
reverse; the game called heads or tails.
{Cross}
{bottony or botton['e]}. See under {Bottony}.
{Cross estoil['e]} (Her.). a cross, each of whose arms is
pointed like the ray of a star; that is, a star having
four long points only.
{Cross of Calvary}. See {Calvary}, 3.
{Southern cross}. (Astron.) See under {Southern}.
{To do a thing on the cross}, to act dishonestly; -- opposed
to acting on the square. [Slang]
{To take up the cross}, to bear troubles and afflictions with
patience from love to Christ.
Cross \Cross\ (kr[o^]s), a.
1. Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse;
oblique; intersecting.
The cross refraction of the second prism. --Sir I.
Newton.
2. Not accordant with what is wished or expected;
interrupting; adverse; contrary; thwarting; perverse. ``A
cross fortune.'' --Jer. Taylor.
The cross and unlucky issue of my design.
--Glanvill.
The article of the resurrection seems to lie
marvelously cross to the common experience of
mankind. --South.
We are both love's captives, but with fates so
cross, One must be happy by the other's loss.
--Dryden.
3. Characterized by, or in a state of, peevishness,
fretfulness, or ill humor; as, a cross man or woman.
He had received a cross answer from his mistress.
--Jer. Taylor.
4. Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation;
mutually inverse; interchanged; as, cross interrogatories;
cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry
persons standing in the same relation to each other.
{Cross action} (Law), an action brought by a party who is
sued against the person who has sued him, upon the same
subject matter, as upon the same contract. --Burrill.
{Cross aisle} (Arch.), a transept; the lateral divisions of a
cruciform church.
{Cross axle}.
(a) (Mach.) A shaft, windlass, or roller, worked by levers
at opposite ends, as in the copperplate printing
press.
(b) A driving axle, with cranks set at an angle of 90[deg]
with each other.
{Cross bedding} (Geol.), oblique lamination of horizontal
beds.
{Cross bill}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Cross bitt}. Same as {Crosspiece}.
{Cross bond}, a form of bricklaying, in which the joints of
one stretcher course come midway between those of the
stretcher courses above and below, a course of headers and
stretchers intervening. See {Bond}, n., 8.
{Cross breed}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Cross breeding}. See under {Breeding}.
{Cross buttock}, a particular throw in wrestling; hence, an
unexpected defeat or repulse. --Smollet.
{Cross country}, across the country; not by the road. ``The
cross-country ride.'' --Cowper.
{Cross fertilization}, the fertilization of the female
products of one physiological individual by the male
products of another, -- as the fertilization of the ovules
of one plant by pollen from another. See {Fertilization}.
{Cross file}, a double convex file, used in dressing out the
arms or crosses of fine wheels.
{Cross fire} (Mil.), lines of fire, from two or more points
or places, crossing each other.
{Cross forked}. (Her.) See under {Forked}.
{Cross frog}. See under {Frog}.
{Cross furrow}, a furrow or trench cut across other furrows
to receive the water running in them and conduct it to the
side of the field.
{Cross handle}, a handle attached transversely to the axis of
a tool, as in the augur. --Knight.
{Cross lode} (Mining), a vein intersecting the true or
principal lode.
{Cross purpose}. See {Cross-purpose}, in the Vocabulary.
{Cross reference}, a reference made from one part of a book
or register to another part, where the same or an allied
subject is treated of.
{Cross sea} (Naut.), a chopping sea, in which the waves run
in contrary directions.
{Cross stroke}, a line or stroke across something, as across
the letter t.
{Cross wind}, a side wind; an unfavorable wind.
{Cross wires}, fine wires made to traverse the field of view
in a telescope, and moved by a screw with a graduated
head, used for delicate astronomical observations; spider
lines. Fixed cross wires are also used in microscopes,
etc.
Syn: Fretful; peevish. See {Fretful}.
Cross \Cross\, prep.
Athwart; across. [Archaic or Colloq.]
A fox was taking a walk one night cross a village.
--L'Estrange.
{To go cross lots}, to go across the fields; to take a short
cut. [Colloq.]
Cross \Cross\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crossed} (kr?st; 115); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Crossing}.]
1. To put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; as, to
cross the arms.
2. To lay or draw something, as a line, across; as, to cross
the letter t.
3. To pass from one side to the other of; to pass or move
over; to traverse; as, to cross a stream.
A hunted hare . . . crosses and confounds her former
track. -- I. Watts.
4. To pass, as objects going in an opposite direction at the
same time. ``Your kind letter crossed mine.'' --J. D.
Forbes.
5. To run counter to; to thwart; to obstruct; to hinder; to
clash or interfere with.
In each thing give him way; cross him in nothing.
--Shak.
An oyster may be crossed in love. -- Sheridan.
6. To interfere and cut off; to debar. [Obs.]
To cross me from the golden time I look for. --Shak.
7. To make the sign of the cross upon; -- followed by the
reflexive pronoun; as, he crossed himself.
8. To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or drawing a line
across; to erase; -- usually with out, off, or over; as,
to cross out a name.
9. To cause to interbreed; -- said of different stocks or
races; to mix the breed of.
{To cross one's path}, to oppose one's plans. --Macaulay.
Cross \Cross\, v. i.
1. To lie or be athwart.
2. To move or pass from one side to the other, or from place
to place; to make a transit; as, to cross from New York to
Liverpool.
3. To be inconsistent. [Obs.]
Men's actions do not always cross with reason. --Sir
P. Sidney.
4. To interbreed, as races; to mix distinct breeds.
If two individuals of distinct races cross, a third
is invariably produced different from either.
--Coleridge.
Cross-armed \Cross"-armed`\ (kr?s"?rmd), a.
With arms crossed.
Cross-banded \Cross"-band`ed\ (-b?nd`?d), a.
A term used when a narrow ribbon of veneer is inserted into
the surface of any piece of furniture, wainscoting, etc., so
that the grain of it is contrary to the general surface.
Crossbar \Cross"bar`\ (-b[aum]r`), n.
A transverse bar or piece, as a bar across a door, or as the
iron bar or stock which passes through the shank of an anchor
to insure its turning fluke down. --Russell.
{Crossbar shot}, a projectile which folds into a sphere for
loading, but on leaving the gun expands to a cross with a
quarter ball at the end of each arm; -- used in naval
actions for cutting the enemy's rigging.
Crossbarred \Cross"barred`\ (-b[aum]rd`), a.
1. Secured by, or furnished with, crossbars. --Milton.
2. Made or patterned in lines crossing each other; as,
crossbarred muslin.
Crossbeak \Cross"beak`\ (-b[=e]k`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Crossbill}.
Crossbeam \Cross"beam`\ (-b[=e]m`). n.
1. (Arch.) A girder.
2. (Naut.) A beam laid across the bitts, to which the cable
is fastened when riding at anchor.
Cross-bearer \Cross"-bear`er\ (-b?r`?r), n. (R.C.Ch.)
A subdeacon who bears a cross before an archbishop or primate
on solemn occasions.
Crossbill \Cross"bill`\ (-b[i^]l`). (Law)
A bill brought by a defendant, in an equity or chancery suit,
against the plaintiff, respecting the matter in question in
that suit. --Bouvier.
Note: In criminal practice, cross bills of indictment for
assault, in which the prosecutor in once case is the
defendant in another, may be tried together.
Crossbill \Cross"bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A bird of the genus {Loxia}, allied to the finches. Their
mandibles are strongly curved and cross each other; the
crossbeak.
Cross-birth \Cross"-birth`\ (-b[~e]rth`), n. (Med.)
Any preternatural labor, in which the body of the child lies
across the pelvis of the mother, so that the shoulder, arm,
or trunk is the part first presented at the mouth of the
uterus.
Crossbite \Cross"bite`\ (-b[imac]t`), n.
A deception; a cheat. [Obs.]
Crossbite \Cross"bite"\, b. t.
To deceive; to trick; to gull. [Obs.]
Crossbones \Cross"bones`\ (-b[=o]nz`), n. pl.
A representation of two of the leg bones or arm bones of a
skeleton, laid crosswise, often surmounted with a skull, and
serving as a symbol of death.
Crossbones, scythes, hourglasses, and other lugubrios
emblems of mortality. --Hawthorne.
Crossbow \Cross"bow`\ (-b?`), n. (Archery)
A weapon, used in discharging arrows, formed by placing a bow
crosswise on a stock.
Crossbower \Cross"bow`er\ (-b?`?r), n.
A crossbowman.[Obs.]
Crossbowman \Cross"bow`man\ (-man), n.
One who shoots with a crossbow. See {Arbalest}.
Crossbred \Cross"bred`\ (-br?d`), a. (Stock Breeding)
Produced by mixing distinct breeds; mongrel.
Crossbreed \Cross"breed`\ (-br[=e]d`), n.
1. A breed or an animal produced from parents of different
breeds; a new variety, as of plants, combining the
qualities of two parent varieties or stocks.
2. Anything partaking of the natures of two different things;
a hybrid.
Cross-bun \Cross"-bun`\ (-b[u^]n`), n.
A bun or cake marked with a cross, and intended to be eaten
on Good Friday.
Cross-crosslet \Cross`-cross"let\ (-kr?s"l?t; 115), n. (Her.)
A cross having the three upper ends crossed, so as to from
three small crosses.
Crosscut \Cross"cut`\ (-k[u^]t`), v. t.
To cut across or through; to intersect.
Crosscut \Cross"cut`\, n.
1. A short cut across; a path shorter than by the high road.
2. (Mining) A level driven across the course of a vein, or
across the main workings, as from one gangway to another.
{Crosscut saw}.
(a) A saw, the teeth of which are so set as to adapt it
for sawing wood crosswise of the grain rather than
lengthwise.
(b) A saw managed by two men, one at each end, for cutting
large logs crosswise.
Cross-days \Cross"-days`\ (-d?z`), n. pl. (Eccl.)
The three days preceding the Feast of the Ascension.
Crossette \Cros*sette"\ (kr?s-s?t`), n. [F., dim. of crosse. See
{Crosier}.] (Arch.)
(a) A return in one of the corners of the architrave of a
door or window; -- called also {ancon}, {ear}, {elbow}.
(b) The shoulder of a joggled keystone.
Cross-examination \Cross"-ex*am`i*na"tion\
(kr?s"?gz-?m`?-n?"sh?n; 115), n. (Law)
The interrogating or questioning of a witness by the party
against whom he has been called and examined. See
{Examination}.
Cross-examine \Cross"-ex*am"ine\ (-?m"?n), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Cross-examined} (-?nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cross-examining}.]
(Law)
To examine or question, as a witness who has been called and
examined by the opposite party. ``The opportunity to
cross-examine the witnesses.'' --Kent.
Cross-examiner \Cross"-ex*am"in*er\ (-?r), n.
One who cross-examines or conducts a crosse-examination.
Cross-eye \Cross"-eye`\ (-?`), n.
See {Strabismus}.
Cross-eyed \Cross"-eyed`\ (-?d`), a.
Affected with strabismus; squint-eyed; squinting.
Crossfish \Cross"fish`\ (-f?sh`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A starfish.
Crossflow \Cross"flow`\ (-fl?`), v. i.
To flow across, or in a contrary direction. ``His
crossflowing course.'' --Milton.
Cross-garnet \Cross"-gar`net\ (kr?s"g?r`n?t), n.
A hinge having one strap perpendicular and the other strap
horizontal giving it the form of an Egyptian or T cross.
Crossgrained \Cross"grained\ (-gr?nd`), a.
1. Having the grain or fibers run diagonally, or more or less
transversely an irregularly, so as to interfere with
splitting or planing.
If the stuff proves crossgrained, . . . then you
must turn your stuff to plane it the contrary way.
--Moxon.
2. Perverse; untractable; contrary.
She was none of your crossgrained, termagant,
scolding jades. --Arbuthnot.
Crossnath \Cross"nath`\ (-h?ch`; 224), v. t.
To shade by means of crosshatching.
Crosshatching \Cross"hatch`ing\, n.
In drawing and line engraving, shading with lines that cross
one another at an angle.
Crosshead \Cross"head`\ (-h?d), n. (Mach.)
A beam or bar across the head or end of a rod, etc., or a
block attached to it and carrying a knuckle pin; as the solid
crosspiece running between parallel slides, which receives
motion from the piston of a steam engine and imparts it to
the connecting rod, which is hinged to the crosshead.
Crossing \Cross"ing\, n. [See {Cross}, v. t. ]
1. The act by which anything is crossed; as, the crossing of
the ocean.
2. The act of making the sign of the cross. --Bp. Hall.
3. The act of interbreeding; a mixing of breeds.
4. Intersection, as of two paths or roads.
5. A place where anything (as a stream) is crossed; a paved
walk across a street.
6. Contradiction; thwarting; obstruction.
I do not bear these crossings. --Shak.
Crossjack \Cross"jack`\ (kr?s"j?k` or kr?"j?k`), n. (Naut.)
The lowest square sail, or the lower yard of the mizzenmast.
CRosslegged \CRoss"legged`\ (-l?gd`), a.
Having the legs crossed.
Crosslet \Cross"let\ (-lEt), n. [Dim. of cross.]
1. A small cross. --Spenser.
2. [Cf. OF. croisel crucible, and {E}. {Cresset}.] A
crucible. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Crosslet \Cross"let\, a. (Her.)
Crossed again; -- said of a cross the arms of which are
crossed. See{Cross-crosslet}.
Crossly \Cross"ly\, adv.
Athwart; adversely; unfortunately; peevishly; fretfully; with
ill humor.
Crossness \Cross"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being cross; peevishness;
fretfulness; ill humor.
Crossopterygian \Cros*sop`ter*yg"i*an\ (kr?s-s?p`t?r-?j?-a]/>n),
a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Crossopterygii. -- n. One of the
Crossopterygii.
Crossopterygii \Cros*sop`te*ryg"i*i\ (kr?s-s?p`t?-r?j?-?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? tassels, a fringe + ?????, dim. of ????
wing, fin.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of ganoid fishes including among living species the
bichir ({Polypterus}). See {Brachioganoidei}.
Crosspatch \Cross"patch`\ (-p?ch`; 224), n.
An ill-natured person. [Colloq.] ``Crosspatch, draw the
latch.'' --Mother Goose.
Cross-pawl \Cross"-pawl`\ (-p?l`), n. (Shipbuilding)
Same as {Cross-spale}.
Crosspiece \Cross"piece`\ (kr?s"p?s`; 115), n.
1. A piece of any structure which is fitted or framed
crosswise.
2. (Naut.) A bar or timber connecting two knightheads or two
bitts.
Cross-purpose \Cross"-pur`pose\ (-p?r`p?s), n.
1. A counter or opposing purpose; hence, that which is
inconsistent or contradictory. --Shaftesbury.
2. pl. A conversational game, in which questions and answers
are made so as to involve ludicrous combinations of ideas.
--Pepys.
{To be at cross-purposes}, to misunderstand or to act counter
to one another without intending it; -- said of persons.
Cross-question \Cross"-ques`tion\ (-kw?s`ch?n), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. {Cross-questioned} (-ch?nd), p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cross-questioning}.]
To cross-examine; to subject to close questioning.
Cross-reading \Cross"-read`ing\ (r?d`?ng), n.
The reading of the lines of a newspaper directly across the
page, instead of down the columns, thus producing a ludicrous
combination of ideas.
Crossroad \Cross"road`\ (-r?d`), n.
A road that crosses another; an obscure road intersecting or
avoiding the main road.
Crossrow \Cross"row`\ (-r?`), n.
1. The alphabet; -- called also {Christcross-row}.
And from the crossrow plucks the letter G. -- Shak.
2. A row that crosses others.
Crossruff \Cross"ruff`\ (-r?f`), n. (Whist)
The play in whist where partners trump each a different suit,
and lead to each other for that purpose; -- called also
{seesaw}.
Cross-spale \Cross"-spale`\ (-sp?l`), Cross-spall
\Cross"-spall`\ (-sp?l`), n. [See {Spale} & {Spall}.]
(Shipbuilding)
One of the temporary wooden braces, placed horizontally
across a frame to hold it in position until the deck beams
are in; a cross-pawl.
Cross-springer \Cross"-spring`er\ (-spr?ng`?r), n. (Arch.)
One of the ribs in a groined arch, springing from the corners
in a diagonal direction.
Note: [See Illustr. of {Groined vault}.]
Cross-staff \Cross"-staff`\ (-st?f`), n.
1. An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the
altitudes of celestial bodies.
2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring offsets.
Cross-stitch \Cross"-stitch`\ (-st?ch`; 224), n.
A form of stitch, where the stitches are diagonal and in
pairs, the thread of one stitch crossing that of the other.
``Tent and cross-stitch.'' --Sir W. Scott. --
{Cross"-stitch`}, v. t. & i.
Cross-stone \Cross"-stone`\ (-st?n`), n. (Min.)
See {Harmotome}, and {Staurotide}.
Cross-tail \Cross"-tail`\ (-t?l`), n. (Steam Engine)
A bar connecting the ends of the side rods or levers of a
backaction or side-lever engine.
Cross-tie \Cross"-tie`\ (-t?`), n. (Railroad)
A sleeper supporting and connecting the rails, and holding
them in place.
Cross-tining \Cross"-tin`ing\ (kr?s"t?n`?ng), n. (Agric.)
A mode of harrowing crosswise, or transversely to the ridges.
--Crabb.
Crosstrees \Cross"trees`\ (-tr?z`), n. pl. (Naut.)
Pieces of timber at a masthead, to which are attached the
upper shrouds. At the head of lower masts in large vessels,
they support a semicircular platform called the ``top.''
Cross-vaulting \Cross"-vault`ing\ (-v?lt`?ng), n. (Arch.)
Vaulting formed by the intersection of two or more simple
vaults.
Crossway \Cross"way`\ (-w?`), n.
See {Crossroad}.
Cross-week \Cross"-week`\ (-w?k`), n.
Rogation week, when the cross was borne in processions.
Crosswise \Cross"wise`\ (-w?z`), adv.
In the form of a cross; across; transversely. --Longfellow.
Crosswort \Cross"wort`\ (-w?rt`), n. (Bot.)
A name given to several inconspicuous plants having leaves in
whorls of four, as species of Crucianella, Valantia, etc.
Crotalaria \Crot`a*la"ri*a\ (kr?t`?-l?"r?-? or kr?`t?-l?"r?-A),
n. [NL. See {Crotalum}.] (Bot.)
A genus of leguminous plants; rattlebox.
Note: {Crotalaria juncea} furnishes the fiber called sunn or
Bombay hemp.
Crotaline \Crot"a*line\ (kr?t"?-l?n or kr?`t?-), a. [See
{Crotalus}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Resembling, or pertaining to, the {Crotalidae}, or
Rattlesnake family.
Crotalo \Crot"a*lo\ (-l?), n.
A Turkish musical instrument.
Crotalum \Crot"a*lum\ (-l?m), n. [L., fr. Gr. ???? rattle.]
(Mus.)
A kind of castanet used by the Corybantes.
Crotalus \Crot"a*lus\ (-l?s), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ???? rattle.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of poisonous serpents, including the rattlesnakes.
Crotaphite \Crot"a*phite\ (kr?t"?-f?t), n. [Gr. ???? the side of
the forehead.] (Anat.)
The temple or temporal fossa. Also used adjectively.
Crotaphitic \Crot`a*phit"ic\ (kr?t`?-f?t"?k), n. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the temple; temporal.
Crotch \Crotch\ (kr?ch; 224), n.; pl. {Crotches} (-?z). [Cf.
{Crotchet}, {Crutch}.]
1. The angle formed by the parting of two legs or branches; a
fork; the point where a trunk divides; as, the crotch of a
tree.
2. (Naut.) A stanchion or post of wood or iron, with two arms
for supporting a boom, spare yards, etc.; -- called also
{crane} and {crutch}. --Totten.
Crotched \Crotched\ (kr?cht), a.
1. Having a crotch; forked.
2. Cross; peevish. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Crotchet \Crotch"et\ (kr?ch"?t; 224), n. [F. crochet, prop., a
little hook, a dim. from the same source as croc hook. See
{Crook}, and cf. {Crochet}, {Crocket}, {Crosier}.]
1. A forked support; a crotch.
The crotchets of their cot in columns rise.
--Dryden.
2. (Mus.) A time note, with a stem, having one fourth the
value of a semibreve, one half that of a minim, and twice
that of a quaver; a quarter note.
3. (Fort.) An indentation in the glacis of the covered way,
at a point where a traverse is placed.
4. (Mil.) The arrangement of a body of troops, either forward
or rearward, so as to form a line nearly perpendicular to
the general line of battle.
5. (Print.) A bracket. See {Bracket}.
6. (Med.) An instrument of a hooked form, used in certain
cases in the extraction of a fetus. --Dunglison.
7. A perverse fancy; a whim which takes possession of the
mind; a conceit.
He ruined himself and all that trusted in him by
crotchets that he could never explain to any
rational man. --De Quincey.
Crotchet \Crotch"et\, v. i.
To play music in measured time. [Obs.] --Donne.
Crotcheted \Crotch"et*ed\, a.
Marked or measured by crotchets; having musical notation.
--Harmar (1587).
Crotchetiness \Crotch"et*i*ness\ (kr?ch"?t-?-n?s), n.
The state or character of being crotchety, or whimsical.
This belief in rightness is a kind of
conscientiousness, and when it degenerates it becomes
crotchetiness. --J. Grote.
Crotchety \Crotch"et*y\ (kr?ch"?t-?), a.
Given to crotchets; subject to whims; as, a crotchety man.
Croton \Cro"ton\ (kr?"t?n), n. [Gr. ????, prop., a tick, which
the seed of the croton resembles.] (Bot.)
A genus of euphorbiaceous plants belonging to tropical
countries.
{Croton oil} (Med.), a viscid, acrid, brownish yellow oil
obtained from the seeds of {Croton Tiglium}, a small tree
of the East Indies. It is a most powerful drastic
cathartic, and is used externally as a pustulant.
Croton bug \Cro"ton bug`\ (b?g`). [From the Croton water of New
York.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small, active, winged species of cockroach ({Ectobia
Germanica}), the water bug. It is common aboard ships, and in
houses in cities, esp. in those with hot-water pipes.
Crotonic \Cro*ton"ic\ (kr?-t?n"?k), a.
Of or pertaining to, or derived from, a plant of the genus
{Croton}, or from croton oil.
{Crotonic acid} (Chem.), a white crystalline organic acid,
{C3H5.CO2H}, of the ethylene, or acrylic acid series. It
was so named because formerly supposed to exist in croton
oil. Also, any acid metameric with crotonic acid proper.
Note: The acid characteristic of croton oil is tiglic or
tiglinic acid, a derivative of {crotonic acid}.
Crotonine \Cro"ton*ine\ (kr?"t?n-?n), n. (Chem.)
A supposed alkaloid obtained from croton oil by boiling it
with water and magnesia, since found to be merely a magnesia
soap of the oil. --Watts.
Crotonylene \Cro*ton"y*lene\ (kr?-t?n"?-l?n), n. [Crotonic +
acet-ylene.] (Chem.)
A colorless, volatile, pungent liquid, {C4H6}, produced
artificially, and regarded as an unsaturated hydrocarbon of
the acetylene series, and analogous to crotonic acid.
Crottles \Crot"tles\ (kr?t"t'lz), n. pl. [Gael. crotal.]
A name given to various lichens gathered for dyeing. [Scot.]
Crouch \Crouch\ (krouch; 129), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Crouched}
(kroucht); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crouching}.] [OE. cruchen,
crouchen, crouken; cf. E. creep, G. krauchen, kriechen, or E.
crook to bend, also crouch to cross.]
1. To bend down; to stoop low; to lie close to the ground
with the logs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey, or
in fear.
Now crouch like a cur. --Beau. & Fl.
2. To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; to cringe.
``A crouching purpose.'' --Wordsworth.
Must I stand and crouch Under your testy humor?
--Shak.
Crouch \Crouch\, v. t. [OE. cruchen, crouchen, from cruche,
crouche, cross. Cf. {Crosier}, {Crook}.]
1. To sign with the cross; to bless. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. To bend, or cause to bend, as in humility or fear.
She folded her arms across her chest, And crouched
her head upon her breast. --Colerige.
Crouched \Crouched\ (kroucht), a.
Marked with the sign of the cross. [Obs.]
{Crouched friar}. See {Crutched friar}, under {Crutched}.
Croud \Croud\ (kroud), n. (Mus.)
See {Crowd}, a violin.
Crouke \Crouke\ (krouk), n.
A crock; a jar. [Obs.] --Chauser.
Croup \Croup\ (kr??p), n. [F. croupe hind quarters, croup, rump,
of German or Icel. origin; cf. Icel. kryppa hump; akin to
Icel. kroppr. Cf. {Crop}.]
The hinder part or buttocks of certain quadrupeds, especially
of a horse; hence, the place behind the saddle.
So light to the croup the fair lady he swung, So light
to the saddle before her he sprung. --Sir W.
Scott.
Croup \Croup\ (kr??p), n. [Scot. croup, cf. croup, crowp, to
croak, to cry or speak with a hoarse voice; cf. also LG.
kropp, G. kropf, the crop or craw of a bird, and tumor on the
anterior part of the neck, a wen, etc. Cf. {Crop}.] (Med.)
An inflammatory affection of the larynx or trachea,
accompanied by a hoarse, ringing cough and stridulous,
difficult breathing; esp., such an affection when associated
with the development of a false membrane in the air passages
(also called {membranous croup}). See {False croup}, under
{False}, and {Diphtheria}.
Croupade \Crou*pade"\ (kr??-p?d"), n. [F., fr. croupe hind
quarters.] (Man.)
A leap in which the horse pulls up his hind legs toward his
belly.
Croupal \Croup"al\ (kr??p"al), a.
Croupy.
Crouper \Croup"er\ (kr??p"?r), n.
See {Crupper}.
Croupier \Crou"pi*er\ (kr??"p?-?r), n. [F.; prop., one who sits
on the croup, and hence, in the second place; an assistant.
See 1st {Croup}.]
1. One who presides at a gaming table and collects the
stakes.
2. One who, at a public dinner party, sits at the lower end
of the table as assistant chairman.
Croupous \Croup"ous\ (kr??p"?s), a. (Med.)
Relating to or resembling croup; especially, attended with
the formation of a deposit or membrane like that found in
membranous croup; as, croupous laryngitis.
{Croupous pneumonia}, pneumonia attended with deposition of
fibrinous matter in the air vesicles of the lungs;
ordinary acute pneumonia.
Croupy \Croup"y\ (kr??p"?), a.
Of or pertaining to croup; resembling or indicating croup;
as, a croupy cough.
Crouse \Crouse\ (kr??s), a. [Etymol. uncertain.]
Brisk; lively; bold; self-complacent. [Scot.] --Burns.
Croustade \Crou`stade"\ (kr??`st?d"), n. [F., fr. cro?te a
crust, OF. crouste.] (Cookery)
Bread baked in a mold, and scooped out, to serve minces upon.
--Bishop.
Crout \Crout\ (krout), n. [G. kraut.]
See {Sourkrout}.
Crouton \Crou`ton"\ (kr??`t?n"), n. [F. cro?ton, fr. cro?te a
crust.] (Cookery)
Bread cut in various forms, and fried lightly in butter or
oil, to garnish hashes, etc.
Crow \Crow\ (kr?), v. i. [imp. {Crew} (kr?) or {Crowed} (kr?d);
p. p. {Crowed} ({Crown} (kr?n), Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Crowing}.] [AS. cr?wan; akin to D. kraijen, G. kr?hen, cf.
Lith. groti to croak. [root]24. Cf. {Crake}.]
1. To make the shrill sound characteristic of a cock, either
in joy, gayety, or defiance. ``The cock had crown.''
--Bayron.
The morning cock crew loud. --Shak.
2. To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag.
3. To utter a sound expressive of joy or pleasure.
The sweetest little maid, That ever crowed for
kisses. --Tennyson.
{To crow over}, to exult over a vanquished antagonist.
Sennacherib crowing over poor Jerusalem. --Bp. Hall.
Crow \Crow\, n. [AS. cr?we a crow (in sense 1); akin to D.
kraai, G. kr?e; cf. Icel. kr?ka crow. So named from its cry,
from AS. cr?wan to crow. See {Crow}, v. i. ]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A bird, usually black, of the genus {Corvus},
having a strong conical beak, with projecting bristles. It
has a harsh, croaking note. See {Caw}.
Note: The common crow of Europe, or carrion crow, is {C.
corone}. The common American crow is {C. Americanus}.
See {Carrion crow}, and Illustr., under {Carrion}.
2. A bar of iron with a beak, crook, or claw; a bar of iron
used as a lever; a crowbar.
Get me an iron crow, and bring it straight Unto my
cell. --Shak.
3. The cry of the cock. See {Crow}, v. i., 1.
4. The mesentery of a beast; -- so called by butchers.
{Carrion crow}. See under {Carrion}.
{Crow blackbird} (Zo["o]l.), an American bird ({Quiscalus
quiscula}); -- called also {purple grackle}.
{Crow pheasant} (Zo["o]l.), an Indian cuckoo; the common
coucal. It is believed by the natives to give omens. See
{Coucal}.
{Crow shrike} (Zo["o]l.), any bird of the genera
{Gymnorhina}, {Craticus}, or {Strepera}, mostly from
Australia.
{Red-legged crow}. See {Crough}.
{As the crow flies}, in a direct line.
{To pick a crow}, {To pluck a crow}, to state and adjust a
difference or grievance (with any one).
Crowbar \Crow"bar`\ (kr?"b?r), n.
A bar of iron sharpened at one end, and used as a lever.
Crowberry \Crow`ber`ry\ (kr?"b?r`r?), n. (Bot.)
A heathlike plant of the genus {Empetrum}, and its fruit, a
black, scarcely edible berry; -- also called {crakeberry}.
Crowd \Crowd\ (kroud), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crowded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Crowding}.] [OE. crouden, cruden, AS. cr?dan; cf. D.
kruijen to push in a wheelbarrow.]
1. To push, to press, to shove. --Chaucer.
2. To press or drive together; to mass together. ``Crowd us
and crush us.'' --Shak.
3. To fill by pressing or thronging together; hence, to
encumber by excess of numbers or quantity.
The balconies and verandas were crowded with
spectators, anxious to behold their future
sovereign. --Prescott.
4. To press by solicitation; to urge; to dun; hence, to treat
discourteously or unreasonably. [Colloq.]
{To crowd out}, to press out; specifically, to prevent the
publication of; as, the press of other matter crowded out
the article.
{To crowd sail} (Naut.), to carry an extraordinary amount of
sail, with a view to accelerate the speed of a vessel; to
carry a press of sail.
Crowd \Crowd\, v. i.
1. To press together or collect in numbers; to swarm; to
throng.
The whole company crowded about the fire. --Addison.
Images came crowding on his mind faster than he
could put them into words. --Macaulay.
2. To urge or press forward; to force one's self; as, a man
crowds into a room.
Crowd \Crowd\, n. [AS. croda. See {Crowd}, v. t. ]
1. A number of things collected or closely pressed together;
also, a number of things adjacent to each other.
A crowd of islands. --Pope.
2. A number of persons congregated or collected into a close
body without order; a throng.
The crowd of Vanity Fair. --Macaulay.
Crowds that stream from yawning doors. --Tennyson.
3. The lower orders of people; the populace; the vulgar; the
rabble; the mob.
To fool the crowd with glorious lies. --Tennyson.
He went not with the crowd to see a shrine.
--Dryden.
Syn: Throng; multitude. See {Throng}.
Crowd \Crowd\, n. [W. crwth; akin to Gael. cruit. Perh. named
from its shape, and akin to Gr. kyrto`s curved, and E. curve.
Cf. {Rote}.]
An ancient instrument of music with six strings; a kind of
violin, being the oldest known stringed instrument played
with a bow. [Written also {croud}, {crowth}, {cruth}, and
{crwth}.]
A lackey that . . . can warble upon a crowd a little.
--B. Jonson.
Crowd \Crowd\, v. t.
To play on a crowd; to fiddle. [Obs.] ``Fiddlers, crowd on.''
--Massinger.
Crowder \Crowd"er\ (kroud"?r), n.
One who plays on a crowd; a fiddler. [Obs.] ``Some blind
crowder.'' --Sir P. Sidney.
Crowder \Crowd"er\, n.
One who crowds or pushes.
Crowdy \Crow"dy\ (krou"d?), n.
A thick gruel of oatmeal and milk or water; food of the
porridge kind. [Scot.]
Crowflower \Crow"flow`er\ (kr?"flou`?r), n. (Bot.)
A kind of campion; according to Gerarde, the Lychnis
Flos-cuculi.
Crowfoot \Crow"foot`\ (kr?"f??t`), n.
1. (Bot.) The genus {Ranunculus}, of many species; some are
common weeds, others are flowering plants of considerable
beauty.
2. (Naut.) A number of small cords rove through a long block,
or euphroe, to suspend an awning by.
3. (Mil.) A caltrop. [Written also {crow's-foot}.]
4. (Well Boring) A tool with a side claw for recovering
broken rods, etc. --Raymond.
Crowkeeper \Crow"keep`er\ (-k?p`?r), n.
A person employed to scare off crows; hence, a scarecrow.
[Obs.]
Scaring the ladies like a crowkeeper. --Shak.
Crown \Crown\ (kr?n),
p. p. of {Crow}. [Obs.]
Crown \Crown\ (kroun), n. [OE. corone, coroun, crune, croun, OF.
corone, corune, F. couronne, fr. L. corona crown, wreath;
akin to Gr. korw`nh anything curved, crown; cf. also L.
curvus curved, E. curve, curb, Gael. cruinn round, W. crwn.
Cf. {Cornice}, {Corona}, {Coroner}, {Coronet}.]
1. A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling
the head, especially as a reward of victory or mark of
honorable distinction; hence, anything given on account
of, or obtained by, faithful or successful effort; a
reward. ``An olive branch and laurel crown.'' --Shak.
They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an
incorruptible. --1 Cor. ix.
25.
Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a
crown of life. --Rev. ii. 10.
2. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors,
kings, princes, etc.
Note: Nobles wear coronets; the triple crown of the pope is
usually called a tiara. The crown of England is a
circle of gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and
imperial arches, inclosing a crimson velvet cap, and
ornamented with thousands of diamonds and precious
stones.
3. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the
sovereign; -- with the definite article.
Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the
crown. --Blackstone.
Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and
military servants of the crown. --Macaulay.
4. Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty.
There is a power behind the crown greater than the
crown itself. --Junius.
5. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity,
or finish.
The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found
in the way of righteousness. --Prov. xvi.
31.
A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. --Prov.
xvi. 4.
6. Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection.
Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss. --Milton.
7. The topmost part of anything; the summit.
The steepy crown of the bare mountains. --Dryden.
8. The topmost part of the head (see Illust. of {Bird}.);
that part of the head from which the hair descends toward
the sides and back; also, the head or brain.
From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with pinches.
--Shak.
Twenty things which I set down: This done, I twenty
more-had in my crown. --Bunyan.
9. The part of a hat above the brim.
10. (Anat.) The part of a tooth which projects above the gum;
also, the top or grinding surface of a tooth.
11. (Arch.) The vertex or top of an arch; -- applied
generally to about one third of the curve, but in a
pointed arch to the apex only.
12. (Bot.) Same as {Corona}.
13. (Naut.)
(a) That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to
the shank.
(b) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a
level line.
(c) pl. The bights formed by the several turns of a
cable. --Totten.
14. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond.
15. The dome of a furnace.
16. (Geom.) The area inclosed between two concentric
perimeters.
17. (Eccl.) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head,
as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure.
18. A size of writing paper. See under {Paper}.
19. A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a
denomination of money; as, the English crown, a silver
coin of the value of five shillings sterling, or a little
more than $1.20; the Danish or Norwegian crown, a money
of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven cents.
20. An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; as, the
paper is stamped with a crown.
{Crown of aberration} (Astron.), a spurious circle around the
true circle of the sun.
{Crown antler} (Zo["o]l.), the topmost branch or tine of an
antler; also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines
springing from the rim.
{Crown bar}, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of
steam-boiler furnace.
{Crown glass}. See under {Glass}.
{Crown imperial}. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary.
{Crown jewels}, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign
while wearing the crown. [Eng.] ``She pawned and set to
sale the crown jewels.'' --Milton.
{Crown land}, land belonging to the crown, that is, to the
sovereign.
{Crown law}, the law which governs criminal prosecutions.
[Eng.]
{Crown lawyer}, one employed by the crown, as in criminal
cases. [Eng.]
{Crown octavo}. See under {Paper}.
{Crown office}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Crown paper}. See under {Paper}.
{Crown piece}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Crown Prince}, the heir apparent to a crown or throne.
{Crown saw}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Crown scab} (Far.), a cancerous sore formed round the
corners of a horse's hoof.
{Crown sheet}, the flat plate which forms the top of the
furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler.
{Crown shell}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Acorn-shell}.
{Crown side}. See {Crown office}.
{Crown tax} (Eccl. Hist.), a golden crown, or its value,
which was required annually from the Jews by the king of
Syria, in the time of the Maccabees. --1 Macc. x. 20.
{Crown wheel}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Crown work}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Pleas of the crown} (Engl. law), criminal actions.
Crown \Crown\ (kroun), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crowned} (kround);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Crowning}.] [OE. coronen, corunen, crunien,
crounien, OF. coroner, F. couronner, fr. L. coronare, fr.
corona a crown. See {Crown}, n.]
1. To cover, decorate, or invest with a crown; hence, to
invest with royal dignity and power.
Her who fairest does appear, Crown her queen of all
the year. --Dryden.
Crown him, and say, ``Long live our emperor.''
--Shak.
2. To bestow something upon as a mark of honor, dignity, or
recompense; to adorn; to dignify.
Thou . . . hast crowned him with glory and honor.
--Ps. viii. 5.
3. To form the topmost or finishing part of; to complete; to
consummate; to perfect.
Amidst the grove that crowns yon tufted hill.
--Byron.
One day shall crown the alliance. --Shak.
To crown the whole, came a proposition. --Motley.
4. (Mech.) To cause to round upward; to make anything higher
at the middle than at the edges, as the face of a machine
pulley.
5. (Mil.) To effect a lodgment upon, as upon the crest of the
glacis, or the summit of the breach.
{To crown a knot} (Naut.), to lay the ends of the strands
over and under each other.
Crowned \Crowned\ (kround), p. p. & a.
1. Having or wearing a crown; surmounted, invested, or
adorned, with a crown, wreath, garland, etc.; honored;
rewarded; completed; consummated; perfected. ``Crowned
with one crest.'' --Shak. ``Crowned with conquest.''
--Milton.
With surpassing glory crowned. --Milton.
2. Great; excessive; supreme. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Crowner \Crown"er\ (kroun"?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, crowns. --Beau. & FL.
2. [Cf. {Coroner}.] A coroner. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]
Crownet \Crown"et\ (kroun"?t), n. [See {Crown}, {Coronet}.]
1. A coronet. [R.] --P. Whitehead.
2. The ultimate end and result of an undertaking; a chief
end. [Obs.]
O this false soul of Egypt! this grave charm . . . .
Whose bosom was my crownet, my chief end. --Shak.
Crown-imperial \Crown"-im*pe"ri*al\ (-?m-p?"r?-al), n. (Bot.)
A spring-blooming plant ({Fritillaria imperialis}) of the
Lily family, having at the top of the stalk a cluster of
pendent bell-shaped flowers surmounted with a tuft of green
leaves.
Crownless \Crown"less\, a.
Without a crown.
Crownlet \Crown"let\ (-l?t), n.
A coronet. [Poetic] --Sir W. Scott.
Crown office \Crown" of`fice\ (?f`f?s; 115). (Eng. Law)
The criminal branch of the Court of King's or Queen's Bench,
commonly called the crown side of the court, which takes
cognizance of all criminal cases. --Burrill.
Crownpiece \Crown"piece`\ (-p?s`), n.
(a) A piece or part which passes over the head, as in a
bridle.
(b) A coin [In sense
(b) properly crown piece.] See {Crown}, 19.
Crown-post \Crown"-post`\ (kroun"p?st`), n.
Same as {King-post}.
Crown-saw \Crown"-saw`\ (-s?`), n. [From its supposed
resemblance to a crown.] (Mech.)
A saw in the form of a hollow cylinder, with teeth on the end
or edge, and operated by a rotative motion.
Note: The trephine was the first of the class of crownsaws.
--Knight.
Crown side \Crown" side`\ (s?d`).
See {Crown office}.
Crown wheel \Crown" wheel`\ (hw?l`). [Named from its resemblance
to a crown.] (Mach.)
A wheel with cogs or teeth set at right angles to its plane;
-- called also a {contrate wheel} or {face wheel}.
Crownwork \Crown"work`\ (-w?rk`), n. (Fort.)
A work consisting of two or more bastioned fronts, with their
outworks, covering an enceinte, a bridgehead, etc., and
connected by wings with the main work or the river bank.
Crow-quill \Crow"-quill`\ (kr?"kw?l`), n.
A quill of the crow, or a very fine pen made from such a
quill.
Crows \Crows\ (kr?z), n. pl.; sing. {Crow}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians of the Dakota stock, living in Montana; --
also called {Upsarokas}.
Crow's-foot \Crow's"-foot`\ (kr?z"f??t`), n.; pl. {Crow's-feet}
(-f[=e]t`).
1. pl. The wrinkles that appear, as the effect of age or
dissipation, under and around the outer corners of the
eyes. --Tennyson.
2. (Mil.) A caltrop. [Written also {crowfoot}.]
3. (Arch.) Same as {Bird's-mouth}. [U.S.]
Crow-silk \Crow"-silk`\ (kr?"s?lk`), n. (Bot.)
A filamentous fresh-water alga ({Conferva rivularis} of
Linnaeus, {Rhizoclonium rivulare} of Kutzing).
Crow's-nest \Crow's-nest`\ (kr?z"n?st`), n. (Naut.)
A box or perch near the top of a mast, esp. in whalers, to
shelter the man on the lookout.
Crowstep \Crow"step`\ (kr?"st?p`), n. (Arch.)
See {Corriestep}.
Crowstone \Crow"stone`\ (kr?"st?n`), n. (Arch.)
The top stone of the gable end of a house. --Halliwell.
Crowth \Crowth\ (krouth), n.
An ancient musical instrument. See 4th {Crowd}.
Crowtoe \Crow"toe`\ (kr[=o]"t[=o]`), n. (Bot.)
1. The {Lotus corniculatus}. --Dr. Prior.
2. An unidentified plant, probably the crowfoot. ``The tufted
crowtoe.'' --Milton.
Crow-trodden \Crow"-trod`den\ (kr[=o]"tr?d`d'n), a.
Marked with crow's-feet, or wrinkles, about the eyes.
[Poetic]
Do I look as if I were crow-trodden? --Beau. & FL.
Croylstone \Croyl"stone`\ (kroil"st[=o]n`), n. (Min.)
Crystallized cawk, in which the crystals are small.
Croys \Croys\ (krois), n.
See {Cross}, n. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Croze \Croze\ (kr?z), n. [Cf. {Cross}, and {Crosier}.]
A cooper's tool for making the grooves for the heads of
casks, etc.; also, the groove itself.
Crozier \Cro"zier\ (kr?"zh?r), n.
See {Crosier}.
Croziered \Cro"ziered\ (-zh?rd), a.
Crosiered.
Crucial \Cru"cial\ (kr?"shal), a. [F. crucial, fr. L. crux,
crucis, cross, torture. See {Cross}.]
1. Having the form of a cross; appertaining to a cross;
cruciform; intersecting; as, crucial ligaments; a crucial
incision.
2. Severe; trying or searching, as if bringing to the cross;
decisive; as, a crucial test.
Crucian carp \Cru"cian carp`\ (-shan k?rp`). [Cf. Sw. karussa,
G. karausche, F. carousse, -assin, corassin, LL. coracinus,
Gr. ????? a sort of fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of European carp ({Carasius vulgaris}), inferior to
the common carp; -- called also {German carp}.
Note: The gibel or Prussian carp is now generally considered
a variety of the crucian carp, or perhaps a hybrid
between it and the common carp.
Cruciate \Cru"ci*ate\ (kr?"sh?-?t or -sh?t; 106), a. [L.
cruciatus, p. p. of cruciare to crucify, torture, fr. crux,
crucis, a cross. See {Cross}.]
1. Tormented. [Obs.] --Bale.
2. (Bot.) Having the leaves or petals arranged in the form of
a cross; cruciform.
Cruciate \Cru"ci*ate\ (kr?"sh?-?t), v. t.
To torture; to torment. [Obs.] See {Excruciate}. --Bale.
Cruciation \Cru`ci*a"tion\ (kr?`sh?-?"sh?n), n. [LL. cruciatio.]
The act of torturing; torture; torment. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Crucible \Cru"ci*ble\ (kr[udd]"s[i^]*b'l), n. [LL. crucibulum a
hanging lamp, an earthen pot for melting metals (cf. OF.
croisel, creuseul, sort of lamp, crucible, F. creuset
crucible), prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. kr[=u]sul, LG.
kr["u]sel, hanging lamp, kroos, kruus, mug, jug, jar, D.
kroes cup, crucible, Dan. kruus, Sw. krus, E. cruse. It was
confused with derivatives of L. crux cross (cf. {Crosslet}),
and crucibles were said to have been marked with a cross, to
prevent the devil from marring the chemical operation. See
{Cruse}, and cf. {Cresset}.]
1. A vessel or melting pot, composed of some very refractory
substance, as clay, graphite, platinum, and used for
melting and calcining substances which require a strong
degree of heat, as metals, ores, etc.
2. A hollow place at the bottom of a furnace, to receive the
melted metal.
3. A test of the most decisive kind; a severe trial; as, the
crucible of affliction.
{Hessian crucible} (Chem.), a cheap, brittle, and fragile,
but very refractory crucible, composed of the finest fire
clay and sand, and commonly used for a single heating; --
named from the place of manufacture.
Crucifer \Cru"ci*fer\ (-f?r), n. [See {Cruciferous}.] (Bot.)
Any plant of the order {Crucifer[ae]}.
Cruciferous \Cru*cif"er*ous\ (kr?-s?f"?r-?s), a. [L. crux,
crucis, cross + -ferous: cf. F. crucif?re.]
1. Bearing a cross.
2. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of
plants which have four petals arranged like the arms of a
cross, as the mustard, radish, turnip, etc.
Crucifier \Cru"ci*fi`er\ (kr?"s?-f?`?r), n.
One who crucifies; one who subjects himself or another to a
painful trial.
Crucifix \Cru"ci*fix\ (kr?"s?-f?ks), n.; pl. {Crucifixes} (-?z).
[F. crucifix or LL. crucifixum, fr. L. crux, crucis, cross +
figere, fixum, to fix. See {Cross}, and {Fix}, and cf.
Crucify.]
1. A representation in art of the figure of Christ upon the
cross; esp., the sculptured figure affixed to a real cross
of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, used by the Roman
Catholics in their devotions.
The cross, too, by degrees, become the crucifix.
--Milman.
And kissing oft her crucifix, Unto the block she
drew. --Warner.
2. The cross or religion of Christ. [R.] --Jer. Taylor.
Crucifixion \Cru`ci*fix"ion\ (kr?`s?-f?k"sh?n), n.
1. The act of nailing or fastening a person to a cross, for
the purpose of putting him to death; the use of the cross
as a method of capital punishment.
2. The state of one who is nailed or fastened to a cross;
death upon a cross.
3. Intense suffering or affliction; painful trial.
Do ye prove What crucifixions are in love?
--Herrick.
Cruciform \Cru"ci*form\ (kr?"s?-f?rm), a. [L. crux, crucis,
cress + -form: cf. F. cruciforme.]
Cross-shaped; (Bot.) having four parts arranged in the form
of a cross.
Crucify \Cru"ci*fy\ (-f?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crucified}
(-f?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crucifying}.] [F. crucifier, fr.
(assumed) LL. crucificare, for crucifigere, fr, L. crux,
crucis, cross + figere to fix, the ending -figere being
changed to -ficare, F. -fier (in compounds), as if fr. L.
facere to do, make. See {Cross}, and {Fix}, and cf.
{Crucifix}.]
1. To fasten to a cross; to put to death by nailing the hands
and feet to a cross or gibbet.
They cried, saying, Crucify him, cricify him. --Luke
xxiii. 21.
2. To destroy the power or ruling influence of; to subdue
completely; to mortify.
They that are Christ's have crucified the flesh,
with the affections and lusts. --Gal. v. 24.
3. To vex or torment. --Beau. & FL.
Crucigerous \Cru*cig"er*ous\ (kr?-s?j"?r-?s), a. [L. crux,
cricis, cross + -gerous.]
Bearing the cross; marked with the figure of a cross. --Sir.
T. Browne.
Crud \Crud\ (kr?d), n.
See {Curd}. [Obs.]
Cruddle \Crud"dle\ (-d'l), v. i.
To curdle. [Obs.]
See how thy blood cruddles at this. --Bea? & FL.
Crude \Crude\ (kr[udd]d), a. [Compar. {Cruder} (-[~e]r); superl.
{Crudest}.] [L. crudus raw; akin to cruor blood (which flows
from a wound). See {Raw}, and cf. {Cruel}.]
1. In its natural state; not cooked or prepared by fire or
heat; undressed; not altered, refined, or prepared for use
by any artificial process; raw; as, crude flesh. ``Common
crude salt.'' --Boyle.
Molding to its will each successive deposit of the
crude materials. --I. Taylor.
2. Unripe; not mature or perfect; immature.
I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude.
--Milton.
3. Not reduced to order or form; unfinished; not arranged or
prepared; ill-considered; immature. ``Crude projects.''
--Macaulay.
Crude, undigested masses of suggestion, furnishing
rather raw materials for composition. --De Quincey.
The originals of Nature in their crude Conception.
--Milton.
4. Undigested; unconcocted; not brought into a form to give
nourishment. ``Crude and inconcoct.'' --Bacon.
5. Having, or displaying, superficial and undigested
knowledge; without culture or profundity; as, a crude
reasoner.
6. (Paint.) Harsh and offensive, as a color; tawdry or in bad
taste, as a combination of colors, or any design or work
of art.
Crudely \Crude"ly\, adv.
In a crude, immature manner.
Crudeness \Crude"ness\, n.
A crude, undigested, or unprepared state; rawness;
unripeness; immatureness; unfitness for a destined use or
purpose; as, the crudeness of iron ore; crudeness of theories
or plans.
Crudity \Cru"di*ty\ (kr[udd]"d[i^]*t[y^]), n.; pl. {Crudities}
(-t[i^]z). [L. cruditas, fr. crudus: cf. F. crudit['e]. See
{Crude}.]
1. The condition of being crude; rawness.
2. That which is in a crude or undigested state; hence,
superficial, undigested views, not reduced to order or
form. ``Crudities in the stomach.'' --Arbuthnot.
Crudle \Cru"dle\ (-d'l), v. i.
See {Cruddle}.
Crudy \Crud"y\ (kr?d"?), a. [From {Crud}.]
Coagulated. [Obs.]
His cruel wounds with crudy blood congealed. --Spenser.
Crudy \Cru"dy\ (kr?"d?), a. [From {Crude}.]
Characterized by crudeness; raw. [Obs.]
The foolish and dull and crudy vapors. --Shak.
Cruel \Cru"el\ (kr[udd]"[e^]l), n.
See {Crewel}.
Cruel \Cru"el\ (kr[udd]"[e^]l), a. [F. cruel, fr. L. crudelis,
fr. crudus. See {Crude}.]
1. Disposed to give pain to others; willing or pleased to
hurt, torment, or afflict; destitute of sympathetic
kindness and pity; savage; inhuman; hard-hearted;
merciless.
Behold a people cometh from the north country; . . .
they are cruel and have no mercy. --Jer. vi.
22,23.
2. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or misery.
Cruel wars, wasting the earth. --Milton.
Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their
wrath for it was cruel. --Gen. xlix.
7.
3. Attended with cruetly; painful; harsh.
You have seen cruel proof of this man's strength.
--Shak.
Cruelly \Cru"el*ly\, adv.
1. In a cruel manner.
2. Extremely; very. [Colloq.] --Spectator.
Cruelness \Cru"el*ness\, n.
Cruelty. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Cruels \Cru"els\ (kr[udd]"[e^]lz), n. pl. [Corrupt. fr. F.
['e]crouelles scrofula.]
Glandular scrofulous swellings in the neck.
Cruelty \Cru"el*ty\ (-t[y^]), n.; pl. {Cruelties} (-t[i^]z).
[OF. cruelt['e], F. cruaut['e], fr. L. crudelitas, fr.
crudelis. See {Cruel}.]
1. The attribute or quality of being cruel; a disposition to
give unnecessary pain or suffering to others; inhumanity;
barbarity.
Pierced through the heart with your stern cruelty.
--Shak.
2. A cruel and barbarous deed; inhuman treatment; the act of
willfully causing unnecessary pain.
Cruelties worthy of the dungeons of the Inquisition.
Macaulay.
Cruentate \Cru"en*tate\ (kr?"?n-t?t), a. [L. cruentatus, p. p.
of cruentare to make bloody, fr. cruentus bloody, fr. cruor.
See {Crude}.]
Smeared with blood. [Obs.] --Glanwill.
Cruentous \Cru*en"tous\ (kr?-?n"t?s), a. [L. cruentus.]
Bloody; cruentate. [Obs.]
Cruet \Cru"et\, n. [Anglo-French cruet, a dim. from OF. crue,
cruie; of German or Celtic origin, and akin to E. crock an
earthen vessel.]
1. A bottle or vessel; esp., a vial or small glass bottle for
holding vinegar, oil, pepper, or the like, for the table;
a caster. --Swift.
2. (Eccl.) A vessel used to hold wine, oil, or water for the
service of the altar.
{Cruet stand}, a frame for holding cruets; a caster.
Cruise \Cruise\ (kr[udd]s), n.
See {Cruse}, a small bottle.
Cruise \Cruise\ (kr[udd]z), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cruised}
(kr[udd]zd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cruising}.] [D. kruisen to move
crosswise or in a zigzag, to cruise, fr. kruis cross, fr. OF.
crois, croiz, F. croix, or directly fr. OF. croisier, F.
croiser, to cross, cruise, fr. crois a cross. See {Cross}.]
1. To sail back and forth on the ocean; to sail, as for the
potection of commerce, in search of an enemy, for plunder,
or for pleasure.
Note: A ship cruises in any particular sea or ocean; as, in
the Baltic or in the Atlantic. She cruises off any
cape; as, off the Lizard; off Ushant. She cruises on a
coast; as, on the coast of Africa. A priate cruises to
seize vessels; a yacht cruises for the pleasure of the
owner.
Ships of war were sent to cruise near the isle of
Bute. --Macaulay.
'Mid sands, and rocks, and storms to cruise for
pleasure. --Young.
2. To wander hither and thither on land. [Colloq.]
Cruise \Cruise\, n.
A voyage made in various directions, as of an armed vessel,
for the protection of other vessels, or in search of an
enemy; a sailing to and fro, as for exploration or for
pleasure.
He feigned a compliance with some of his men, who were
bent upon going a cruise to Manilla. --Dampier.
Cruiser \Cruis"er\ (kr?"z?r), n.
One who, or a vessel that, cruises; -- usually an armed
vessel.
Cruive \Cruive\ (kr[.u]v), n.
A kind of weir or dam for trapping salmon; also, a hovel.
[Scot.]
Crull \Crull\ (kr[.u]l), a. [See {Curl}.]
Curly; curled. [Obs.]
Cruller \Crul"ler\ (kr[u^]l"l[~e]r), n. [Cf. {Curl}.]
A kind of sweet cake cut in strips and curled or twisted, and
fried crisp in boiling fat. [Also written {kruller}.]
Crumb \Crumb\ (kr[u^]m), n. [AS. cruma, akin to D. kruim, G.
krume; cf. G. krauen to scratch, claw.] [Written also
{crum}.]
1. A small fragment or piece; especially, a small piece of
bread or other food, broken or cut off.
Desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from
the rich man's table. --Luke xvi.
21.
2. Fig.: A little; a bit; as, a crumb of comfort.
3. The soft part of bread.
Dust unto dust, what must be, must; If you can't get
crumb, you'd best eat crust. --Old Song.
{Crumb brush}, a brush for sweeping crumbs from a table.
{To a crum}, with great exactness; completely.
Crumb \Crumb\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crumbed} (kr?md); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Crumbing} (kr?m"?ng).]
To break into crumbs or small pieces with the fingers; as, to
crumb bread. [Written also {crum}.]
Crumbcloth \Crumb"cloth`\ (-kl?th`; 115), n.
A cloth to be laid under a dining table to receive falling
fragments, and keep the carpet or floor clean. [Written also
{crumcloth}.]
Crumble \Crum"ble\ (kr?m"b'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crumbled}
(-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crumbling} (-bl?ng).] [Dim. of
crumb, v. t., akin to D. krimelen G. kr?meln.]
To break into small pieces; to cause to fall in pieces.
He with his bare wand can unthread thy joints, And
crumble all thy sinews. --Milton.
Crumble \Crum"ble\, v. i.
To fall into small pieces; to break or part into small
fragments; hence, to fall to decay or ruin; to become
disintegrated; to perish.
If the stone is brittle, it will crumble and pass into
the form of gravel. --Arbuthnot.
The league deprived of its principal supports must soon
crumble to pieces. --Prescott.
Crumbly \Crum"bly\ (-bl?), a.
EAsily crumbled; friable; brittle. ``The crumbly soil.''
--Hawthorne.
Crumenal \Cru"me*nal\ (kr?"m?-nal), n. [L. crumena purse.]
A purse. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Crummable \Crum"ma*ble\ (kr?m"mA-b'l), a.
Capable of being crumbed or broken into small pieces.
Crummy \Crum"my\ (kr?m"m?), a.
1. Full of crumb or crumbs.
2. Soft, as the crumb of bread is; not crusty.
Crump \Crump\ (kr?mp), a. [AS. crumb stooping, bent down; akin
to OHG. chrumb, G. krumm, Dan. krum, D. krom, and E. cramp.]
1. Crooked; bent. [Obs.]
Crooked backs and crump shoulders. --Jer. Taylor.
2. Hard or crusty; dry baked; as, a crump loaf. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] --Hallivell.
Crumpet \Crump"et\ (kr[u^]mp"[e^]t), n. [Prob. from W. crempog,
crammwgth, a pancake or fritter.]
A kind of large, thin muffin or cake, light and spongy, and
cooked on a griddle or spider.
Crumple \Crum"ple\ (kr[u^]m"p'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crumpled}
(-p'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crumpling} (-pl?ng).] [Dim. fr.
crump, a.]
To draw or press into wrinkles or folds; to crush together;
to rumple; as, to crumple paper.
They crumpled it into all shapes, and diligently
scanned every wrinkle that could be made. --Addison.
Crumple \Crum"ple\, v. i.
To contract irregularly; to show wrinkles after being crushed
together; as, leaves crumple.
Crumpy \Crump"y\ (kr[u^]mp"[y^]), a.
Brittle; crisp. --Wright.
Crunch \Crunch\ (kr[u^]nch), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Crunched}
(kr[u^]ncht); p. pr. & vb. n. {Crunching}.] [Prob. of
imitative origin; or cf. D. schransen to eat heartily, or E.
scrunch.]
1. To chew with force and noise; to craunch.
And their white tusks crunched o'er the whiter
skull. --Byron.
2. To grind or press with violence and noise.
The ship crunched through the ice. --Kane.
3. To emit a grinding or craunching noise.
The crunching and ratting of the loose stones. --H.
James.
Crunch \Crunch\, v. t.
To crush with the teeth; to chew with a grinding noise; to
craunch; as, to crunch a biscuit.
Crunk \Crunk\ (kr[u^][ng]k), Crunkle \Crun"kle\
(kr[u^][ng]"k'l), v. i. [Cf. Icel. kr?nka to croak.]
To cry like a crane. [Obs.] ``The crane crunketh.'' --Withals
(1608).
Crunodal \Cru*no"dal\ (kr?-n?"dal), a. (Geom.)
Possessing, or characterized by, a crunode; -- used of
curves.
Crunode \Cru"node\ (kr?"n?d), n. [Prob. fr. L. crux a cross + E.
node.] (Geom.)
A point where one branch of a curve crosses another branch.
See {Double point}, under {Double}, a.
Cruor \Cru"or\ (kr?"?r), n. [L., blood. See {Crude}.]
The coloring matter of the blood; the clotted portion of
coagulated blood, containing the coloring matter; gore.
Cruorin \Cru"o*rin\ (-?-r?n), n. (Physiol.)
The coloring matter of the blood in the living animal;
h[ae]moglobin.
Crup \Crup\ (kr?p), a. [Cf. OHG. grop, G. grob, coarse.]
Short; brittle; as, crup cake. --Todd.
Crup \Crup\ (kr?p), n.
See {Croup}, the rump of a horse.
Crupper \Crup"per\ (kr?p"p?r in U.S.; kr?p"?r in Eng.), n. [F.
croupi?re, fr. croupe. See {Croup} the rump of a horse.]
[Written also {crouper}.]
1. The buttocks or rump of a horse.
2. A leather loop, passing under a horse's tail, and buckled
to the saddle to keep it from slipping forwards.
Crupper \Crup"per\, v. t.
To fit with a crupper; to place a crupper upon; as, to
crupper a horse.
Crura \Cru"ra\ (kr?"r?), n. pl. (Anat.)
See {Crus}.
Crural \Cru"ral\ (-ral), a. [L. cruralis, fr. crus, cruris, leg:
cf. F. crural.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the thigh or leg, or to any of the parts
called crura; as, the crural arteries; crural arch; crural
canal; crural ring.
Crus \Crus\ (kr?s), n.; pl. {Crura} (kr?"r?). [L., the leg.]
(Anat.)
(a) That part of the hind limb between the femur, or thigh,
and the ankle, or tarsus; the shank.
(b) Often applied, especially in the plural, to parts which
are supposed to resemble a pair of legs; as, the crura of
the diaphragm, a pair of muscles attached to it; crura
cerebri, two bundles of nerve fibers in the base of the
brain, connecting the medulla and the forebrain.
Crusade \Cru*sade"\ (kr?-s?d"), n. [F. croisade, fr. Pr.
crozada, or Sp cruzada, or It. crociata, from a verb
signifying to take the cross, mark one's self with a cross,
fr. L. crux cross; or possibly taken into English directly
fr. Pr. Cf. {Croisade}, {Crosado}, and see {Cross}.]
1. Any one of the military expeditions undertaken by
Christian powers, in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries,
for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Mohammedans.
2. Any enterprise undertaken with zeal and enthusiasm; as, a
crusade against intemperance.
3. A Portuguese coin. See {Crusado}.
Crusade \Cru*sade"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Crusaded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Crusading}.]
To engage in a crusade; to attack in a zealous or hot-headed
manner. ``Cease crusading against sense.'' --M. Green.
Crusader \Cru*sad"er\ (-s?"d?r), n.
One engaged in a crusade; as, the crusaders of the Middle
Ages.
Azure-eyed and golden-haired, Forth the young crusaders
fared. --Longfellow.
Crusading \Cru*sad"ing\, a.
Of or pertaining to a crusade; as, a crusading spirit.
Crusado \Cru*sa"do\ (-s?"d?), n. [Pg. cruzado, fr. cruz, fr. L.
crux. See {Crusade}, 3.]
An old Portuguese coin, worth about seventy cents. [Written
also {cruade}.] --Shak.
Cruse \Cruse\ (kr?s), n. [Akin to LG. kruus, kroos, mug, jug,
jar, D. kroes, G. krause, Icel. krus, Sw. krus, Dan. kruus.
Cf. {Crucible}, {Cresset}.]
1. A cup or dish.
Take with thee . . . a cruse of honey. --1 Kings
xiv. 3.
2. A bottle for holding water, oil, honey, etc.
So David took . . . the cruse of water. --1 Sam.
xxvi. 12.
Cruset \Cru"set\ (kr?"s?t), n. [Cf. F. creuset. See {Cruse},
{Crucible}.]
A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot.
Crush \Crush\ (kr?sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crushed} (kr?sht);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Crushing}.] [OE. cruschen, crousshen, Of.
cruisir, croissir, fr. LL. cruscire, prob. of Ger. origin,
from a derivative of the word seen in Goth. kruistan to
gnash; akin to Sw. krysta to squeeze, Dan. kryste, Icel.
kreysta.]
1. To press or bruise between two hard bodies; to squeeze, so
as to destroy the natural shape or integrity of the parts,
or to force together into a mass; as, to crush grapes.
Ye shall not offer unto the Lord that which is
bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut. --Lev. xxii.
24.
The ass . . . thrust herself unto the wall, and
crushed Balaam's foot against the wall. --Num. xxii.
25.
2. To reduce to fine particles by pounding or grinding; to
comminute; as, to crush quartz.
3. To overwhelm by pressure or weight; to beat or force down,
as by an incumbent weight.
To crush the pillars which the pile sustain.
--Dryden.
Truth, crushed to earth, shall rise again. --Bryant.
4. To oppress or burden grievously.
Thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway.
--Deut.
xxviii. 33.
5. To overcome completely; to subdue totally.
Speedily overtaking and crushing the rebels. --Sir.
W. Scott.
{To crush a cup}, to drink. [Obs.]
{To crush out}.
(a) To force out or separate by pressure, as juice from
grapes.
(b) To overcome or destroy completely; to suppress.
Crush \Crush\ (kr?sh), v. i.
To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller
compass, by external weight or force; as, an eggshell crushes
easily.
Crush \Crush\, n.
1. A violent collision or compression; a crash; destruction;
ruin.
The wreck of matter, and the crush of worlds.
--Addison.
2. Violent pressure, as of a crowd; a crowd which produced
uncomfortable pressure; as, a crush at a peception.
{Crush hat}, a hat which collapses, and can be carried under
the arm, and when expanded is held in shape by springs;
hence, any hat not injured by compressing.
{Crush room}, a large room in a theater, opera house, etc.,
where the audience may promenade or converse during the
intermissions; a foyer.
Politics leave very little time for the bow window
at White's in the day, or for the crush room of the
opera at night. --Macaulay.
Crusher \Crush"er\ (-?r), n.
One who, or that which, crushes.
{Crusher gauge}, an instrument for measuring the explosive
force of gunpowder, etc., by its effect in compressing a
piece of metal.
Crushing \Crush"ing\, a.
That crushes; overwhelming. ``The blow must be quick and
crushing.'' --Macualay.
Crust \Crust\ (kr?st), n. [L. crusta: cf. OF. crouste, F.
cro[^u]te; prob. akin to Gr. ????? ice, E. crystal, from the
same root as E. crude, raw. See {Raw}, and cf. {Custard}.]
1. The hard external coat or covering of anything; the hard
exterior surface or outer shell; an incrustation; as, a
crust of snow.
I have known the statute of an emperor quite hid
under a crust of dross. --Addison.
Below this icy crust of conformity, the waters of
infidelity lay dark and deep as ever. --Prescott.
2. (Cookery)
(a) The hard exterior or surface of bread, in distinction
from the soft part or crumb; or a piece of bread grown
dry or hard.
(b) The cover or case of a pie, in distinction from the
soft contents.
(c) The dough, or mass of doughy paste, cooked with a
potpie; -- also called {dumpling}.
Th' impenetrable crust thy teeth defies.
--Dryden.
He that keeps nor crust nor crumb. --Shak.
They . . . made the crust for the venison pasty.
--Macaulay.
3. (Geol.) The exterior portion of the earth, formerly
universally supposed to inclose a molten interior.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.
5. (Med.) A hard mass, made up of dried secretions blood, or
pus, occurring upon the surface of the body.
6. An incrustation on the interior of wine bottles, the
result of the ripening of the wine; a deposit of tartar,
etc. See {Beeswing}.
Crust \Crust\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crusted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Crusting}.] [Cf. OF. crouster, L. crustare. See {Crust}, n.
]
To cover with a crust; to cover or line with an incrustation;
to incrust.
The whole body is crusted over with ice. --Boyle.
And now their legs, and breast, and bodies stood
Crusted with bark. --Addison.
Very foul and crusted bottles. --Swift.
Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the
rock. --Felton.
Crust \Crust\, v. i.
To gather or contract into a hard crust; to become incrusted.
The place that was burnt . . . crusted and healed.
--Temple.
Crusta \Crus"ta\ (kr?s"t?), n. [L., shell, crust, inlaid work.]
1. A crust or shell.
2. A gem engraved, or a plate embossed in low relief, for
inlaying a vase or other object.
Crustacea \Crus*ta"ce*a\ (kr?s-t?"sh?-?), n. pl. [Neut. pl. of
NL. crustaceus pert. to the crust or shell, from L. crusta
the hard surfsce of a body, rind, shell.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the classes of the arthropods, including lobsters and
crabs; -- so called from the crustlike shell with which they
are covered.
Note: The body usually consists of an anterior part, made up
of the head and thorax combined, called the
cephalothorax, and of a posterior jointed part called
the abdomen, postabdomen, and (improperly) tail. They
breathe by means of gills variously attached to some of
the limbs or to the sides the body, according to the
group. They are divisible into two subclasses,
Entomostraca and Malacostraca, each of which includes
several orders.
Crustacean \Crus*ta"cean\ (kr?s-t?"shan; 97), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Crustacea; crustaceous. -- n. An
animal belonging to the class Crustacea.
Crustaceological \Crus*ta`ce*o*log"ic*al\ (-sh?-?-l?j"?-kal), a.
Pertaining to crustaceology.
Crustaceologist \Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gist\ (-?ll"?-j?st), n.
One versed in crustaceology; a crustalogist.
Crustaceology \Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gy\ (-j?), n. [Crustacea +
-logy.]
That branch of Zo["o]logy which treats of the Crustacea;
malacostracology; carcinology.
Crustaceous \Crus*ta"ceous\ (kr?s-t?"sh?s; 97), a. [NL.
crustaceous. See {crustacea}.]
1. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, crust or shell; having
a crustlike shell.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Belonging to the Crustacea; crustacean.
Crustaceousness \Crus*ta"ceous*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being crustaceous or having a
crustlike shell.
Crustal \Crust"al\ (kr?st"al), a.
Relating to a crust.
Crustalogical \Crus`ta*log"ic*al\ (kr?s`t?-l?j"?-kal), a.
Pertaining to crustalogy.
Crustalogist \Crus*tal"o*gist\ (-t?l"?-j?st), n.
One versed in crustalogy.
Crustalogy \Crus*tal"o*gy\ (kr?s-t?l"?-j?), n. [L. crusta shell
+ -logy.]
Crustaceology.
Crustated \Crus"ta*ted\ (kr?s"t?-t?d), a. [L. crustatus, p. p.
of crustare, fr. crusta. See {Crust}.]
Covered with a crust; as, crustated basalt.
Crustation \Crus*ta"tion\ (kr?s-t?"sh?n), n.
An adherent crust; an incrustation. --Pepys.
Crusted \Crust"ed\ (kr?st"?d), a.
Incrusted; covered with, or containing, crust; as, old,
crusted port wine.
Crustific \Crus*tif`ic\ (kr?s-t?f"?k), a. [L. crusta crust +
-facere to make.]
Producing or forming a crust or skin. [R.]
Crustily \Crust"i*ly\ (kr[u^]st"[i^]-l[y^]), adv.
In a crusty or surly manner; morosely.
Crustiness \Crust"i*ness\ (-[i^]-n[e^]s), n.
1. The state or quality of having crust or being like crust;
hardness.
2. The quality of being crusty or surly.
Old Christy forgot his usual crustiness. --W.
Irving.
Crusty \Crust"y\ (-[y^]), a.
1. Having the nature of crust; pertaining to a hard covering;
as, a crusty coat; a crusty surface or substance.
2. [Possibly a corruption of cursty. Cf. {Curst},
{Curstness}.] Having a hard exterior, or a short, rough
manner, though kind at heart; snappish; peevish; surly.
Thou crusty batch of nature, what's the news?
--Shak.
Crut \Crut\ (kr[u^]t), n. [Cf. F. cro[^u]te crust.]
The rough, shaggy part of oak bark.
Crutch \Crutch\ (kr[u^]ch; 224), n.; pl. {Crutches} (-[e^]z).
[OE. crucche, AS. crycc, cricc; akin to D. kruk, G.
kr["u]cke, Dan. krykke, Sw. krycka, and to E. crook. See
{Crook}, and cf. {Cricket} a low stool.]
1. A staff with a crosspiece at the head, to be placed under
the arm or shoulder, to support the lame or infirm in
walking.
I'll lean upon one crutch, and fight with the other.
--Shak.
Rhyme is a crutch that lifts the weak alone. --H.
Smith.
2. A form of pommel for a woman's saddle, consisting of a
forked rest to hold the leg of the rider.
3. (Naut.)
(a) A knee, or piece of knee timber.
(b) A forked stanchion or post; a crotch. See {Crotch}.
Crutch \Crutch\, v. t.
To support on crutches; to prop up. [R.]
Two fools that crutch their feeble sense on verse.
--Dryden.
Crutched \Crutched\ (kr?cht), a.
1. Supported upon crutches.
2. [See {Crouch}, v. t., and {Crouched}, a. ] Marked with the
sign of the cross; crouched.
{Crutched friar} (Eccl.), one of a religious order, so called
because its members bore the sign of the cross on their
staves and habits; -- called also {crossed friar} and
{crouched friar}.
Cruth \Cruth\ (kr?th), n. [W. crwth.] (Mus.)
See 4th {Crowd}.
Crux \Crux\ (kr[u^]ks), n.; pl. E. {Cruxes} (-[e^]z), L.
{Cruces} (kr[udd]"s[=e]z). [L., cross, torture, trouble.]
Anything that is very puzzling or difficult to explain. --Dr.
Sheridan.
The perpetual crux of New Testament chronologists.
--Strauss.
Cruzado \Cru*za"do\ (kr?-z?"d?), n.
A coin. See {Crusado}.
Crwth \Crwth\ (kr[=oo]th), n. [W.] (Mus.)
See 4th {Crowd}.
Cry \Cry\ (kr[imac]), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cried} (kr[imac]d);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Crying}.] [F. crier, cf. L. quiritare to
raise a plaintive cry, scream, shriek, perh. fr. queri to
complain; cf. Skr. cvas to pant, hiss, sigh. Cf. {Quarrel} a
brawl, {Querulous}.]
1. To make a loud call or cry; to call or exclaim vehemently
or earnestly; to shout; to vociferate; to proclaim; to
pray; to implore.
And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud
voice. -- Matt.
xxvii. 46.
Clapping their hands, and crying with loud voice.
--Shak.
Hear the voice of my supplications when I cry unto
thee. -- Ps. xxviii.
2.
The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness,
Prepare ye the way of the Lord. --Is. xl. 3.
Some cried after him to return. --Bunyan.
2. To utter lamentations; to lament audibly; to express pain,
grief, or distress, by weeping and sobbing; to shed tears;
to bawl, as a child.
Ye shall cry for sorrow of heart. --Is. lxv. 14.
I could find it in my heart to disgrace my man's
apparel and to cry like a woman. --Shak.
3. To utter inarticulate sounds, as animals.
The young ravens which cry. --Ps. cxlvii.
9.
In a cowslip's bell I lie There I couch when owls do
cry. --Shak.
{To cry on} or {upon}, to call upon the name of; to beseech.
``No longer on Saint Denis will we cry.'' --Shak.
{To cry out}.
(a) To exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor.
(b) To complain loudly; to lament.
{To cry out against}, to complain loudly of; to censure; to
blame.
{To cry out on} or {upon}, to denounce; to censure. ``Cries
out upon abuses.'' --Shak.
{To cry to}, to call on in prayer; to implore.
{To cry you mercy}, to beg your pardon. ``I cry you mercy,
madam; was it you?'' --Shak.
Cry \Cry\, v. t.
1. To utter loudly; to call out; to shout; to sound abroad;
to declare publicly.
All, all, cry shame against ye, yet I 'll speak.
--Shak.
The man . . . ran on,crying, Life! life! Eternal
life! --Bunyan.
2. To cause to do something, or bring to some state, by
crying or weeping; as, to cry one's self to sleep.
3. To make oral and public proclamation of; to declare
publicly; to notify or advertise by outcry, especially
things lost or found, goods to be sold, ets.; as, to cry
goods, etc.
Love is lost, and thus she cries him. --Crashaw.
4. Hence, to publish the banns of, as for marriage.
I should not be surprised if they were cried in
church next Sabbath. --Judd.
{To cry aim}. See under {Aim}.
{To cry down}, to decry; to depreciate; to dispraise; to
condemn.
Men of dissolute lives cry down religion, because
they would not be under the restraints of it.
--Tillotson.
{To cry out}, to proclaim; to shout. ``Your gesture cries it
out.'' --Shak.
{To cry quits}, to propose, or declare, the abandonment of a
contest.
{To cry up}, to enhance the value or reputation of by public
and noisy praise; to extol; to laud publicly or urgently.
Cry \Cry\ (kr?), n.; pl. {Cries} (kr?z). [F. cri, fr. crier to
cry. See {Cry}, v. i. ]
1. A loud utterance; especially, the inarticulate sound
produced by one of the lower animals; as, the cry of
hounds; the cry of wolves. --Milton.
2. Outcry; clamor; tumult; popular demand.
Again that cry was found to have been as
unreasonable as ever. --Macaulay.
3. Any expression of grief, distress, etc., accompanied with
tears or sobs; a loud sound, uttered in lamentation.
There shall be a great cry throughout all the land.
--Ex. xi. 6.
An infant crying in the night, An infant crying for
the light; And with no language but a cry.
--Tennyson.
4. Loud expression of triumph or wonder or of popular
acclamation or favor. --Swift.
The cry went once on thee. --Shak.
5. Importunate supplication.
O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls. --Shak.
6. Public advertisement by outcry; proclamation, as by
hawkers of their wares.
The street cries of London. --Mayhew.
7. Common report; fame.
The cry goes that you shall marry her. --Shak.
8. A word or phrase caught up by a party or faction and
repeated for effect; as, the party cry of the Tories.
All now depends upon a good cry. --Beaconsfield.
9. A pack of hounds. --Milton.
A cry more tunable Was never hollaed to, nor cheered
with horn. --Shak.
10. A pack or company of persons; -- in contempt.
Would not this . . . get me a fellowship in a cry
of players? --Shak.
11. The crackling noise made by block tin when it is bent
back and forth.
{A far cry}, a long distance; -- in allusion to the sending
of criers or messengers through the territory of a
Scottish clan with an announcement or summons.
Cryal \Cry"al\ (kr?"al), n. [Cf. W. creyr, cryr, crychydd. Cf.
{Cruer} a hawk.]
The heron [Obs.] --Ainsworth.
Cryer \Cry"er\ (-?r), n. [F. faucon gruyer a falcon trained to
fly at the crane, fr. crye crane, fr. L. crus crane. Cf.
{Cryal}.]
The female of the hawk; a falcon-gentil.
Crying \Cry"ing\, a.
Calling for notice; compelling attention; notorious; heinous;
as, a crying evil.
Too much fondness for meditative retirement is not the
crying sin of our modern Christianity. --I. Taylor.
Cryohydrate \Cry`o*hy"drate\ (kr?`?-h?"dr?t), n. [Gr. kry`os
cold + E. hydrate.] (Chem.)
A substance, as salt, ammonium chloride, etc., which
crystallizes with water of crystallization only at low
temperatures, or below the freezing point of water. -- F.
Guthrie.
Cryolite \Cry"o*lite\ (kr[imac]"?-l?t), n. [Gr. kry`os icy cold,
frost + -lite: cf. F. cryolithe.] (Min.)
A fluoride of sodium and aluminum, found in Greenland, in
white cleavable masses; -- used as a source of soda and
alumina.
Cryophorus \Cry*oph"o*rus\ (kr[-i]*[o^]f"[-o]*r[u^]s), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. kry`os icy cold, frost + fe`rein to bear.] (Chem.)
An instrument used to illustrate the freezing of water by its
own evaporation. The ordinary form consists of two glass
bulbs, connected by a tube of the same material, and
containing only a quantity of water and its vapor, devoid of
air. The water is in one of the bulbs, and freezes when the
other is cooled below 32[deg] Fahr.
Crypt \Crypt\ (kr[i^]pt), n. [L. crypta vault, crypt, Gr.
kry`pth, fr. kry`ptein to hide. See {Grot}, {Grotto}.]
1. A vault wholly or partly under ground; especially, a vault
under a church, whether used for burial purposes or for a
subterranean chapel or oratory.
Priesthood works out its task age after age, . . .
treasuring in convents and crypts the few fossils of
antique learning. --Motley.
My knees are bowed in crypt and shrine. --Tennyson.
2. (Anat.) A simple gland, glandular cavity, or tube; a
follicle; as, the crypts of Lieberk["u]hn, the simple
tubular glands of the small intestines.
Cryptal \Crypt"al\ (-al), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to crypts.
Cryptic \Cryp"tic\ (kr[i^]p"t[i^]k), Cryptical \Cryp"tic*al\
(-t?-kal), a. [L. crypticus, Gr. kryptiko`s, fr. kry`ptein to
hide.]
Hidden; secret; occult. ``Her [nature's] more cryptic ways of
working.'' --Glanvill.
Cryptically \Cryp"tic*al*ly\, adv.
Secretly; occultly.
Cryptidine \Cryp"ti*dine\ (kr?p"t?-d?n; 104), n. [Gr. krypto`s
hidden.] (Chem.)
One of the quinoline bases, obtained from coal tar as an oily
liquid, {C11H11N}; also, any one of several substances
metameric with, and resembling, cryptidine proper.
Cryptobranchiata \Cryp`to*bran`chi*a"ta\ (kr?p`t?-bra?`k?-?"t?),
n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. krypto`s hidden + L. branchia a gill.]
(Zo["o]l.)
(a) A division of the Amphibia; the Derotremata.
(b) A group of nudibranch mollusks.
Cryptobranchiate \Cryp`to*bran"chi*ate\ (-br??"k?-?t), a.
(Zo["o]l.)
Having concealed or rudimentary gills.
Cryptocrystalline \Cryp`to*crys"tal*line\ (-kr?s"tal-l?n), a.
[Gr. krypto`s hidden + E. crystalline.] (Geol.)
Indistinctly crystalline; -- applied to rocks and minerals,
whose state of aggregation is so fine that no distinct
particles are visible, even under the microscope.
Cryptogam \Cryp"to*gam\ (kr?p"t?-g?m), n. [Cf. F. cryptogame.
See {Cryptogamia}.] (Bot.)
A plant belonging to the Cryptogamia. --Henslow.
Cryptogamia \Cryp`to*ga"mi*a\ (kr?p`t?-g?"m?-?), n.; pl.
{Cryptogami[ae]} (-?). [NL., fr. Gr. krypto`s hidden, secret
+ ga`mos marriage.] (Bot.)
The series or division of flowerless plants, or those never
having true stamens and pistils, but propagated by spores of
various kinds.
Note: The subdivisions have been variously arranged. The
following arrangement recognizes four classes: -- I.
{{Pteridophyta}, or {Vascular Acrogens}.} These include
Ferns, {Equiseta} or Scouring rushes, {Lycopodiace[ae]}
or Club mosses, {Selaginelle[ae]}, and several other
smaller orders. Here belonged also the extinct coal
plants called {Lepidodendron}, {Sigillaria}, and
{Calamites}. II. {{Bryophita}, or {Cellular Acrogens}}.
These include {Musci}, or Mosses, {Hepatic[ae]}, or
Scale mosses and Liverworts, and possibly
{Charace[ae]}, the Stoneworts. III. {{Alg[ae]}}, which
are divided into {Floride[ae]}, the Red Seaweeds, and
the orders {Dictyote[ae]}, {O["o]spore[ae]},
{Zo["o]spore[ae]}, {Conjugat[ae]}, {Diatomace[ae]}, and
{Cryptophyce[ae]}. IV. {{Fungi}}. The molds, mildews,
mushrooms, puffballs, etc., which are variously grouped
into several subclasses and many orders. The {Lichenes}
or Lichens are now considered to be of a mixed nature,
each plant partly a Fungus and partly an Alga.
Cryptogamian \Cryp`to*ga"mi*an\ (kr?p`t?-g?"m?-a]/>n),
Cryptogamic \Cryp`to*gam"ic\ (kr?p`t?-g?m"?k), Cryptogamous
\Cryp*to"gam*ous\a.
Of or pertaining to the series Cryptogamia, or to plants of
that series.
Cryptogamist \Cryp*tog"a*mist\ (-m?st), n.
One skilled in cryptogamic botany.
Cryptogram \Cryp"to*gram\ (kr?p"t?-gr?m), n.
A cipher writing. Same as {Cryptograph}.
Cryptograph \Cryp"to*graph\ (-gr?f), n. [Gr. krypto`s hidden +
-graph: cf. F. cryptographe.]
Cipher; something written in cipher. ``Decipherers of
cryptograph.'' --J. Earle.
Cryptographal \Cryp*tog"ra*phal\ (kr?p-t?g"r?-fal), a.
Pertaining to cryptography; cryptographical. --Boyle.
Cryptographer \Cryp*tog"ra*pher\ (kr?p-t?g"r?-f?r), n.
One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.
Cryptographic \Cryp`to*graph"ic\ (kr?p`t?-gr?f"?k),
Cryptographical \Cryp`to*graph"ic*al\ (kr?p`t?-gr?f"?-kal), a.
Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in
cipher, or with sympathetic ink.
Cryptographist \Cryp*tog"ra*phist\ (kr?p-t?g"r?-f?st), n.
Same as {Cryptographer}.
Cryptography \Cryp*tog"ra*phy\ (-f?), n. [Cf. F. cryptographie.]
The act or art of writing in secret characters; also, secret
characters, or cipher.
Cryptology \Cryp*tol"o*gy\ (kr?p-t?l"?-j?), n. [Gr. krypto`s
hidden + -logy.]
Secret or enigmatical language. --Johnson.
Cryptonym \Cryp"to*nym\ (kr?p"t?-n?m), n. [Gr. ???? secret +
???? name.]
A secret name; a name by which a person is known only to the
initiated.
Cryptopine \Cryp"to*pine\ (kr?p"t?-p?n; 104), n. [Gr. krypto`s
hidden + E. opium.] (Chem.)
A colorless crystalline alkaloid obtained in small quantities
from opium.
Crypturi \Cryp*tu"ri\ (kr?p-t?"r?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ????
hidden + ??? tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of flying, drom?ognathous birds, including the
tinamous of South America. See {Tinamou}.
Crystal \Crys"tal\ (kr?s"tal), n. [OE. cristal, F. cristal, L.
crystallum crystal, ice, fr. Gr. ????, fr. ???? icy cold,
frost; cf. AS. crystalla, fr. L. crystallum; prob. akin to E.
crust. See {Crust}, {Raw}.]
1. (Chem. & Min.) The regular form which a substance tends to
assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of
cohesive attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces,
symmetrically arranged, and each species of crystal has
fixed axial ratios. See {Crystallization}.
2. The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or
nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with
gray, or the like; -- called also {rock crystal}.
Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf. {Smoky quartz},
{Pebble}; also {Brazilian pebble}, under {Brazilian}.
3. A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and
manufacture than common glass, and often cut into
ornamental forms. See {Flint glass}.
4. The glass over the dial of a watch case.
5. Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc.
The blue crystal of the seas. --Byron.
{Blood crystal}. See under {Blood}.
{Compound crystal}. See under {Compound}.
{Iceland crystal}, a transparent variety of calcite, or
crystallized calcium carbonate, brought from Iceland, and
used in certain optical instruments, as the polariscope.
{Rock crystal}, or {Mountain crystal}, any transparent
crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless
quartz.
Crystal \Crys"tal\, a.
Consisting of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent; lucid;
pellucid; crystalline.
Through crystal walls each little mote will peep.
--Shak.
By crystal streams that murmur through the meads.
--Dryden.
The crystal pellets at the touch congeal, And from the
ground rebounds the ratting hail. --H. Brooks.
Crystallin \Crys"tal*lin\ (-l?n), n. (Physiol. Chem.)
See {Gobulin}.
Crystalline \Crys"tal*line\ (kr?s"tal-l?n or -l?n; 277), a. [L.
crystallinus, from Gr. ????: cf. F. cristallin. See
{Crystal}.]
1. Consisting, or made, of crystal.
Mount, eagle, to my palace crystalline. --Shak.
2. Formed by crystallization; like crystal in texture.
Their crystalline structure. --Whewell.
3. Imperfectly crystallized; as, granite is only crystalline,
while quartz crystal is perfectly crystallized.
4. Fig.: Resembling crystal; pure; transparent; pellucid.
``The crystalline sky.'' --Milton.
{Crystalline heavens}, or {Crystalline spheres}, in the
Ptolemaic system of astronomy, two transparent spheres
imagined to exist between the region of the fixed stars
and the primum mobile (or outer circle of the heavens,
which by its motion was supposed to carry round all those
within it), in order to explain certain movements of the
heavenly bodies.
{Crystalline lens} (Anat.), the capsular lenslike body in the
eye, serving to focus the rays of light. It consists of
rodlike cells derived from the external embryonic
epithelium.
Crystalline \Crys"tal*line\, n.
1. A crystalline substance.
2. See {Aniline}. [Obs.]
Crystallite \Crys"tal*lite\ (kr?s"tal-l?t), n. [See {Crystal}.]
(Min.)
A minute mineral form like those common in glassy volcanic
rocks and some slags, not having a definite crystalline
outline and not referable to any mineral species, but marking
the first step in the crystallization process. According to
their form crystallites are called {trichites}, {belonites},
{globulites}, etc.
Crystallizable \Crys"tal*li`za*ble\
(kr[i^]s"tal*l[imac]`z[.a]*b'l), a.
Capable of being crystallized; that may be formed into
crystals.
Crystallization \Crys`tal*li*za"tion\
(kr[i^]s`tal*l[i^]*z[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [Cf. F.
cristallization.]
1. (Chem. & Min.) The act or process by which a substance in
solidifying assumes the form and structure of a crystal,
or becomes crystallized.
2. The body formed by crystallizing; as, silver on
precipitation forms arborescent crystallizations.
Note: The systems of crystallization are the several classes
to which the forms are mathematically referable. They
are most simply described according to the relative
lengths and inclinations of certain assumed lines
called axes; but the real distinction is the degree of
symmetry characterizing them. 1. {The Isometric, or
Monometric, system} has the axes all equal, as in the
cube, octahedron, etc. 2. {The Tetragonal, or Dimetric,
system} has a varying vertical axis, while the lateral
are equal, as in the right square prism. 3. {The
Orthorhombic, or Trimetric, system} has the three axes
unequal, as in the rectangular and rhombic prism. In
this system, the lateral axes are called, respectively,
macrodiagonal and brachydiagonal. -- The preceding are
erect forms, the axes intersecting at right angles. The
following are oblique. 4. {The Monoclinic system},
having one of the intersections oblique, as in the
oblique rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes
are called respectively, clinodiagonal and
orthodiagonal. 5. {The Triclinic system}, having all
the three intersections oblique, as in the oblique
rhomboidal prism. There is also: 6. {The Hexagonal
system} (one division of which is called Rhombohedral),
in which there are three equal lateral axes, and a
vertical axis of variable length, as in the hexagonal
prism and the rhombohedron.
Note: The Diclinic system, sometimes recognized, with two
oblique intersections, is only a variety of the
Triclinic.
Crystallize \Crys"tal*lize\ (kr[i^]s"tal*l[imac]z), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. {Crystallized} (-l[imac]zd); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Crystallizing}.] [Cf. F. cristalliser. See {Crystal}.]
To cause to form crystals, or to assume the crystalline form.
Crystallize \Crys"tal*lize\, v. i.
To be converted into a crystal; to take on a crystalline
form, through the action of crystallogenic or cohesive
attraction.
Crystallogenic \Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic\ (-l?-j?n"?k),
Crystallogenical \Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic*al\ (-?-kal), a.
Pertaining to the production of crystals; crystal-producing;
as, crystallogenic attraction.
Crystallogeny \Crys`tal*log"e*ny\ (kr?s`tal-l?j"?-n?), n. [Gr.
kry`stallos crystal + root of gi`gnesqai to be born.]
The science which pertains to the production of crystals.
Crystallographer \Crys`tal*log"ra*pher\ (kr?s`tal-l?g"r?-f?r),
n.
One who describes crystals, or the manner of their formation;
one versed in crystallography.
Crystallographic \Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic\ (-l?-gr?f"?k),
Crystallographical \Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al\ (-?-kal), a. [Cf.
F. crystallographique.]
Pertaining to crystallography.
Crystallographically \Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In the manner of crystallography.
Crystallography \Crys`tal*log"ra*phy\ (kr?s`tal-l?g"r?-f?), n.
[Gr. kry`stallos crystal + -graphy: cf. F. cristallographie.
See {Crystal}.]
1. The doctrine or science of crystallization, teaching the
system of forms among crystals, their structure, and their
methods of formation.
2. A discourse or treatise on crystallization.
Crystalloid \Crys"tal*loid\ (kr?s"tal-loid), a. [Gr. kry`stallos
crystal + -oid.]
Crystal-like; transparent like crystal.
Crystalloid \Crys"tal*loid\, n.
1. (Chem.) A body which, in solution, diffuses readily
through animal membranes, and generally is capable of
being crystallized; -- opposed to colloid.
2. (Bot.) One of the microscopic particles resembling
crystals, consisting of protein matter, which occur in
certain plant cells; -- called also {protein crystal}.
Cristallology \Cris`tal*lol"o*gy\ (kr?s`tal-l?l"?-j?), n. [Gr.
kry`stallos crystal + -logy.]
The science of the crystalline structure of inorganic bodies.
Crystallomancy \Crys"tal*lo*man`cy\ (-l?-m?n`s?), n. [Gr.
kry`stallos crystal + -mancy.]
Divination by means of a crystal or other transparent body,
especially a beryl.
Crystallometry \Crys`tal*lom"e*try\ (-l?m"?-tr?), n. [Gr.
kry`stallos crystal + -metry.]
The art of measuring crystals.
Crystallurgy \Crys"tal*lur`gy\ (-l?r`j?), n. [Gr. kry`stallos
crystal + 'e`rgon work.]
Crystallization.
Ctenocyst \Cte"no*cyst\ (t[=e]"n[-o]*s[i^]st), n. [Gr. ktei`s,
kteno`s, comb + ky`stis bladder.] (Zo["o]l.)
An organ of the Ctenophora, supposed to be sensory.
Ctenoid \Cte"noid\ (t[=e]"noid or t[e^]n"oid), a. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Having a comblike margin, as a ctenoid scale.
(b) Pertaining to the Ctenoidei. -- n. A ctenoidean.
Ctenoidean \Cte*noid"e*an\ (t[-e]*noid"[-e]*an), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Relating to the Ctenoidei. -- n. One of the Ctenoidei.
Ctenoidei \Cte*noid"e*i\ (-?-?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ???, ????,
comb + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of fishes, established by Agassiz, characterized by
having scales with a pectinated margin, as in the perch. The
group is now generally regarded as artificial.
Ctenophora \Cte*noph"o*ra\ (t?-n?f"?-r?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr.
???, ???, comb + ???? to carry.] (Zo["o]l.)
A class of C[oe]lenterata, commonly ellipsoidal in shape,
swimming by means of eight longitudinal rows of paddles. The
separate paddles somewhat resemble combs.
Ctenophore \Cten"o*phore\ (t?n"?-f?r), n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Ctenophora.
Ctenophoric \Cten`o*phor"ic\ (t?n`?-f?r"?k), Ctenophorous
\Cte*noph"o*rous\ (t?-n?f"?-r?s), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Ctenophora.
Ctenostomata \Cten`o*stom"a*ta\ (t?n`?-st?m"?-t?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ???, ???, comb + ????, -??? mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of Bryozoa, usually having a circle of bristles
below the tentacles.
Cub \Cub\ (k[u^]b), n. [Cf. Ir. cuib cub, whelp, young dog, Ir.
& Gael. cu dog; akin to E. hound.]
1. A young animal, esp. the young of the bear.
2. Jocosely or in contempt, a boy or girl, esp. an awkward,
rude, ill-mannered boy.
O, thou dissembling cub! what wilt thou be When time
hath sowed a grizzle on thy case? --Shak.
Cub \Cub\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Cubbed} (k[u^]bd); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cubbing}.]
To bring forth; -- said of animals, or in contempt, of
persons. ``Cubb'd in a cabin.'' --Dryden.
Cub \Cub\, n. [Cf. {Cub} a young animal.]
1. A stall for cattle. [Obs.]
I would rather have such . . . .in cub or kennel
than in my closet or at my table. --Landor.
2. A cupboard. [Obs.] --Laud.
Cub \Cub\, v. t.
To shut up or confine. [Obs.] --Burton.
Cuban \Cu"ban\ (k?"ban), a.
Of or pertaining to Cuba or its inhabitants. -- n. A native
or an inhabitant of Cuba.
Cubation \Cu*ba"tion\ (k?-b?"sh?n), n. [L. cubatio, fr. cubare
to lie down.]
The act of lying down; a reclining. [Obs.]
Cubatory \Cu"ba*to*ry\ (k?"b?-t?-r?), a. [L. cubator he who lies
down, fr. cubare.]
Lying down; recumbent. [R.]
Cubature \Cu"ba*ture\ (k?"b?-t?r; 135), n. [L. cubus cube: cf.
F. cubature. See {Cube}.]
The process of determining the solid or cubic contents of a
body.
Cubbridge-head \Cub"bridge-head`\ (k?b"r?jj-h?d), n. (Naut.)
A bulkhead on the forecastle and half deck of a ship.
Cubby \Cub"by\ (k?b"b?), Cubbyhole \Cub"by*hole`\ (-h?l`), n.
[See {Cub} a stall.]
A snug or confined place.
Cubdrawn \Cub"*drawn`\ (k?b"dr?n`), a.
Sucked by cubs. [R.]
This night, wherein the cub-drawn bear would couch.
--Shak.
Cube \Cube\ (k?b), n. [F. cube, L. cubus, fr. Gr. ???? a cube, a
cubical die.]
1. (Geom.) A regular solid body, with six equal square sides.
2. (Math.) The product obtained by taking a number or
quantity three times as a factor; as, 4x4=16, and 16x4=64,
the cube of 4.
{Cube ore} (Min.), pharmacosiderite. It commonly crystallizes
in cubes of a green color.
{Cube root}. (Math.), the number or quantity which,
multiplied into itself, and then into the product,
produces the given cube; thus, 3 is the cube root of 27,
for 3x3x3 = 27.
{Cube spar} (Min.), anhydrite; anhydrous calcium sulphate.
Cube \Cube\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cubed} (k?bd); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cubing}.]
To raise to the third power; to obtain the cube of.
Cubeb \Cu"beb\ (k?"b?b), n. [F. cub?be (cf. It. cubebe, Pr.,
Sp., Pg., & NL. cubeba), fr. Ar. kab?bat.]
The small, spicy berry of a species of pepper ({Piper
Cubeba}; in med., {Cubeba officinalis}), native in Java and
Borneo, but now cultivated in various tropical countries. The
dried unripe fruit is much used in medicine as a stimulant
and purgative.
Cubebic \Cu*beb"ic\ (k?-b?b"?k), a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, cubebs; as, cubebic acid (a
soft olive-green resin extracted from cubebs).
Cubhood \Cub"hood\ (k?b"h??d), n.
The state of being a cub. [Jocose] ``From cubhood to old
age.'' --W. B. Dawkins.
Cubic \Cu"bic\ (k?"b?k), Cubical \Cu"bic*al\ (-b?-kal), a. [L.
cubicus, Gr. ?????: cf. F. cubique. See {Cube}.]
1. Having the form or properties of a cube; contained, or
capable of being contained, in a cube.
2. (Crystallog.) Isometric or monometric; as, cubic cleavage.
See {Crystallization}.
{Cubic equation}, an equation in which the highest power of
the unknown quantity is a cube.
{Cubic foot}, a volume equivalent to a cubical solid which
measures a foot in each of its dimensions.
{Cubic number}, a number produced by multiplying a number
into itself, and that product again by the same number.
See {Cube}.
{Cubical parabola} (Geom.), two curves of the third degree,
one plane, and one on space of three dimensions.
Cubic \Cu"bic\, n. (Geom.)
A curve of the third degree.
{Circular cubic}. See under {Circular}.
Cubically \Cu"bic*al*ly\, adv.
In a cubical method.
Cubicalness \Cu"bic*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being cubical.
Cubicle \Cu"bi*cle\ (k?"b?-k'l), n. [L. cubiculum.]
A loding room; esp., a sleeping place partitioned off from a
large dormitory.
Cubicular \Cu*bic"u*lar\ (k?-??k"?-l?r), a. [L. cubicularis, fr.
cubiculum a sleeping room, fr. cubare to lie down.]
Belonging to a chamber or bedroom. [Obs.] --Howell.
Cubiform \Cu"bi*form\ (k?"b?-f?rm), a.
Of the form of a cube.
Cubile \Cu*bi"le\ (k?-b?"l?), n. [L., bed.]
The lowest course of stones in a building.
Cubilose \Cu"bi*lose`\ (k?"b?-l?s`), n. [L. cubile bed, nest.]
A mucilagenous secretion of certain birds found as the
characteristic ingredient of edible bird's-nests.
Cubit \Cu"bit\ (k[=u]"b[i^]t), n. [L. cubitum, cubitus; elbow,
ell, cubit, fr. (because the elbow serves for leaning upon)
cubare to lie down, recline; cf. Gr. ky`biton elbow, ky`ptein
to bend, stoop, kyfo`s bent, stooping, humpbacked. Cf.
{Incumbent}, {Covey}.]
1. (Anat.) The forearm; the ulna, a bone of the arm extending
from elbow to wrist. [Obs.]
2. A measure of length, being the distance from the elbow to
the extremity of the middle finger.
Note: The cubit varies in length in different countries, the
Roman cubit being 17,47 inches, the Greek 18,20, the
Hebrew somewhat longer, and the English 18 inches.
Cubital \Cu"bit*al\ (k?"b?t-a]/>l), a. [L. cubitalis.]
1. Of or pertaining to the cubit or ulna; as, the cubital
nerve; the cubital artery; the cubital muscle.
2. Of the length of a cubit. --Sir. T. Browne.
Cubital \Cu"bit*al\, n.
A sleeve covering the arm from the elbow to the hand.
--Crabb.
Cubited \Cu"bit*ed\, a.
Having the measure of a cubit.
Cubless \Cub"less\ (k?b"l?s), a.
Having no cubs. --Byron.
Cuboid \Cu"boid\ (k?"boid), a. [Cube + -oid: cf. Gr. ???.]
(Anat.)
Cube-shaped, or nearly so; as, the cuboid bone of the foot.
-- n. (Anat.) The bone of the tarsus, which, in man and most
mammals, supports the metatarsals of the fourth and fifth
toes.
Cuboidal \Cu*boid"al\ (k?-boid"al), a. (Anat.)
Cuboid.
Cubo-octahedral \Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dral\ (k?`b?-?k`t?-h?dral), a.
Presenting a combination of a cube and an octahedron.
Cubo-octahedron \Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dron\ (-dr?n), n. (Crystallog.)
A combination of a cube and octahedron, esp. one in which the
octahedral faces meet at the middle of the cubic edges.
Cuca \Cu"ca\ (k??"k?), n. [Sp., fr. native name.]
See {Coca}.
Cucking stool \Cuck"ing stool`\ (k?k"?ng st??l`). [Cf. AS.
scealfingst[=o]l, a word of similar meaning, allied to
scealfor a diver, mergus avis; or possibly from F. coquine a
hussy, slut, jade, f. of coquin, OE. cokin, a rascal; or cf.
Icel. k?ka to dung, k?kr dung, the name being given as to a
disgracing or infamous punishment.]
A kind of chair formerly used for punishing scolds, and also
dishonest tradesmen, by fastening them in it, usually in
front of their doors, to be pelted and hooted at by the mob,
but sometimes to be taken to the water and ducked; -- called
also a {castigatory}, a {tumbrel}, and a {trebuchet}; and
often, but not so correctly, a {ducking stool}. --Sir. W.
Scott.
Cuckold \Cuck"old\ (k?k"?ld), n. [OE. kukeweld, cokewold,
cokold, fr. OF. coucoul, cucuault, the last syllable being
modified by the OE. suffix -wold (see {Herald}); cf. F. cocu
a cuckold, formerly also, a cuckoo, and L. cuculus a cuckoo.
The word alludes to the habit of the female cuckoo, who lays
her eggs in the nests of other birds, to be hatched by them.]
1. A man whose wife is unfaithful; the husband of an
adulteress. --Shak.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A West Indian plectognath fish ({Ostracion
triqueter}).
(b) The cowfish.
Cuckold \Cuck"old\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cuckolded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cuckolding}.]
To make a cuckold of, as a husband, by seducing his wife, or
by her becoming an adulteress. --Shak.
Cuckoldize \Cuck"old*ize\ (-?z), v. t.
To cuckold. --Dryden.
Cuckoldly \Cuck"old*ly\, a.
Having the qualities of a cuckold; mean-spirited; sneaking.
--Shak.
Cuckoldom \Cuck"ol*dom\ (-?l-d?m), n.
The state of a cuckold; cuckolds, collectively. --Addison.
Cuckoldry \Cuck"old*ry\ (-?ld-r?), n.
The state of being a cuckold; the practice of making
cuckolds.
Cuckold's knot \Cuck"old's knot`\ (k?k"?ldz n?t`). (Naut.)
A hitch or knot, by which a rope is secured to a spar, the
two parts of the rope being crossed and seized together; --
called also {cuckold's neck}. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Cuckoo \Cuck"oo\ (k??k"??), n. [OE. coccou, cukkow, F. coucou,
prob. of imitative origin; cf. L. cuculus, Gr. ????, Skr.
k?ki?a, G. kuckuk, D. koekoek.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bird belonging to {Cuculus}, {Coccyzus}, and several allied
genera, of many species.
Note: The European cuckoo ({Cuculus canorus}) builds no nest
of its own, but lays its eggs in the nests of other
birds, to be hatched by them. The American
yellow-billed cuckoo ({Coccyzus Americanus}) and the
black-billed cuckoo ({C. erythrophthalmus}) build their
own nests.
{Cuckoo bee} (Zool.), a bee, parasitic in the larval stage in
the nests of other bees, feeding either upon their food or
larvae. They belong to the genera {Nomada}, {Melecta},
{Epeolus}, and others.
{Cuckoo clock}, a clock so constructed that at the time for
striking it gives forth sounds resembling the cry of the
cuckoo.
{Cuckoo dove} (Zo["o]l.), a long-tailed pigeon of the genus
{Macropygia}. Many species inhabit the East Indies.
{Cuckoo fish} (Zo["o]l.), the European red gurnard ({Trigla
cuculus}). The name probably alludes to the sound that it
utters.
{Cuckoo falcon} (Zo["o]l.), any falcon of the genus {Baza}.
The genus inhabits Africa and the East Indies.
{Cuckoo maid} (Zo["o]l.), the wryneck; -- called also {cuckoo
mate}.
{Cuckoo ray} (Zo["o]l.), a British ray ({Raia miraletus}).
{Cuckoo spit}, or {Cuckoo spittle}.
(a) A frothy secretion found upon plants, exuded by the
larvae of certain insects, for concealment; -- called
also {toad spittle} and {frog spit}.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) A small hemipterous insect, the larva of
which, living on grass and the leaves of plants, exudes
this secretion. The insects belong to {Aphrophora},
{Helochara}, and allied genera.
{Ground cuckoo}, the chaparral cock.
Cuckoobud \Cuck"oo*bud"\ (k??k"??-b?d`), n. (Bot.)
A species of {Ranunculus} ({R. bulbosus}); -- called also
{butterflower}, {buttercup}, {kingcup}, {goldcup}. --Shak.
Cuckooflower \Cuck"oo*flow`er\ (-flou`?r), n. (Bot.)
A species of {Cardamine} ({C. pratensis}), or lady's smock.
Its leaves are used in salads. Also, the ragged robin
({Lychnis Flos-cuculi}).
Cuckoopint \Cuck"oo*pint`\ (-p?nt`), n. (Bot.)
A plant of the genus {Arum} ({A. maculatum}); the European
wake-robin.
Cucquean \Cuc"quean`\ (k?k"kw?n`), n. [Cuckold + quean.]
A woman whose husband is unfaithful to her. [Obs.]
Cucujo \Cu*cu"jo\ (k??-k??"h?), n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The fire beetle of Mexico and the West Indies.
Cucullate \Cu"cul*late\ (k?"k?l-l?t or k?-k?l"l?t), Cucullated
\Cu"cul*la`ted\ (-l?`t?d or -l?-t?d), a. [LL. cullatus, fr. L.
cucullus a cap, hood. See {Cowl} a hood.]
1. Hooded; cowled; covered, as with a hood. --Sir T. Browne.
2. (Bot.) Having the edges toward the base rolled inward, as
the leaf of the commonest American blue violet.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Having the prothorax elevated so as to form a sort of
hood, receiving the head, as in certain insects.
(b) Having a hoodlike crest on the head, as certain birds,
mammals, and reptiles.
Cuculoid \Cu"cu*loid\ (k?k?-loid), a. [L. cuculus a cuckoo +
-oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like or belonging to the cuckoos (Cuculid[ae]).
Cucumber \Cu"cum*ber\ (k?`k?m-b?r, formerly kou"k?m-b?r), n.[OE.
cucumer, cocumber, cucumber, fr. L. cucmis, gen. cucumeris;
cf. OF. cocombre,F. concombre.] (Bot.)
A creeping plant, and its fruit, of several species of the
genus {Cucumis}, esp. {Cucumis sativus}, the unripe fruit of
which is eaten either fresh or picked. Also, similar plants
or fruits of several other genera. See below.
{Bitter cucumber} (Bot.), the {Citrullus or Cucumis
Colocynthis}. See {Colocynth}.
{Cucumber beetle.} (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small, black flea-beetle ({Crepidodera cucumeris}),
which destroys the leaves of cucumber, squash, and melon
vines.
(b) The squash beetle.
{Cucumber tree}.
(a) A large ornamental or shade tree of the genus {Magnolia}
{(M. acuminata)}, so called from a slight resemblance of
its young fruit to a small cucumber.
(b) An East Indian plant ({Averrhoa Bilimbi}) which produces
the fruit known as bilimbi.
{Jamaica cucumber}, {Jerusalem cucumber}, the prickly-fruited
gherkin ({Cucumis Anguria}).
{Snake cucumber}, a species ({Cucumis flexuosus}) remarkable
for its long, curiously-shaped fruit.
{Squirting cucumber}, a plant ({Ecbalium Elaterium}) whose
small oval fruit separates from the footstalk when ripe
and expels its seeds and juice with considerable force
through the opening thus made. See {Elaterium}.
{Star cucumber}, a climbing weed ({Sicyos angulatus}) with
prickly fruit.
Cucumiform \Cu*cu"mi*form\ (k?-k?"m?-f?rm), a. [L. cucumis
cucumber + -form.]
Having the form of a cucumber; having the form of a cylinder
tapered and rounded at the ends, and either straight or
curved.
Cucumis \Cu"cu*mis\ (k?k?--m?s), n. [L., cucumber.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants including the cucumber, melon, and same
kinds of gourds.
Cucurbit \Cu*cur"bit\ Cucurbite
\Cu*cur"bite\(k[-u]*k[^u]r"b[i^]t), n. [L. cucurbita a gourd:
cf. F. cucurbite. See {Gourd}.] (Chem.)
A vessel or flask for distillation, used with, or forming
part of, an alembic; a matrass; -- originally in the shape of
a gourd, with a wide mouth. See {Alembic}.
Cucurbitaceous \Cu*cur`bi*ta"ceous\ (-b[i^]*t[=a]"sh[u^]s), a.
[Cf. F. cucurbitac['e].] (Bot.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants of which
the cucumber, melon, and gourd are common examples.
Cucurbitive \Cu*cur"bi*tive\ (k?-k?r"b?-t?v), a.
Having the shape of a gourd seed; -- said of certain small
worms.
Cud \Cud\ (k[u^]d), n. [AS. cudu, cwudu,cwidu,cweodo, of
uncertain origin; cf, G. k["o]der bait, Icel. kvi[eth]r womb,
Goth. qi[thorn]us. Cf. {Quid}.]
1. That portion of food which is brought up into the mouth by
ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be chewed
a second time.
Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is cloven-footed,
and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye
eat. --Levit. xi. 3
2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and chewed; a quid.
[Low]
3. The first stomach of ruminating beasts. --Crabb.
{To chew the cud}, to ruminate; to meditate; used with of;
as, to chew the cud of bitter memories.
Chewed the thrice turned cud of wrath. --Tennyson.
Cudbear \Cud"bear`\ (k?d"b?r`), n. [Also {cudbeard}, corrupted
fr. the name of Dr. Cuthbert Gordon, a Scotchman, who first
brought it into notice.]
1. A powder of a violet red color, difficult to moisten with
water, used for making violet or purple dye. It is
prepared from certain species of lichen, especially
{Lecanora tartarea}. --Ure.
2. (Bot.) A lichen ({Lecanora tartarea}), from which the
powder is obtained.
Cudden \Cud"den\ (k?d"d'n), n. [For sense 1, cf. Scot. cuddy an
ass; for sense 2, see 3d {Cuddy}.]
1. A clown; a low rustic; a dolt. [Obs.]
The slavering cudden, propped upon his staff.
--Dryden.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The coalfish. See 3d {Cuddy}.
Cuddle \Cud"dle\ (k[u^]d"d'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cuddled}
(-d'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cuddling} (-dl[i^]ng).] [Prob. for
couthle, fr. couth known; cf. OE. ku[thorn][thorn]en to
cuddle, or cu[eth]lechen to make friends with. See{Couth},
{Uncouth}, {Can}.]
To lie close or snug; to crouch; to nestle.
She cuddles low beneath the brake; Nor would she stay,
nor dares she fly. --Prior.
Cuddle \Cud"dle\, v. t.
To embrace closely; to fondle. --Forby.
Cuddle \Cud"dle\, n.
A close embrace.
Cuddy \Cud"dy\ (-d?), n. [See {Cudden}. ]
1. An ass; esp., one driven by a huckster or greengrocer.
[Scot.]
2. Hence: A blockhead; a lout. --Hood.
3. (Mech.) A lever mounted on a tripod for lifting stones,
leveling up railroad ties, etc. --Knight.
Cuddy \Cud"dy\ (k?d"d?), n. [Prob. a contraction fr. D. kajuit
cabin: cf. F. cahute hut.] (Naut.)
A small cabin: also, the galley or kitchen of a vessel.
Cuddy \Cud"dy\, n. [Scot.; cf. Gael. cudaig, cudainn, or E.
cuttlefish, or cod, codfish.] (Zo["o]l)
The coalfish ({Pollachius carbonarius}). [Written also
{cudden}.]
Cudgel \Cudg"el\ (k?j"?l), n. [OE. kuggel; cf. G. keule club
(with a round end), kugel ball, or perh. W. cogyl cudgel, or
D. cudse, kuds, cudgel.]
A staff used in cudgel play, shorter than the quarterstaff,
and wielded with one hand; hence, any heavy stick used as a
weapon.
He getteth him a grievous crabtree cudgel and . . .
falls to rating of them as if they were dogs. --Bunyan.
{Cudgel play}, a fight or sportive contest with cudgels.
{To cross the cudgels}, to forbear or give up the contest; --
a phrase borrowed from the practice of cudgel players, who
lay one cudgel over another when the contest is ended.
{To take up cudgels for}, to engage in a contest in behalf of
(some one or something).
Cudgel \Cudg"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cudgeled} or {Cudgelled}
(-?ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cudgeling} or {cudgelling}.]
To beat with a cudgel.
An he here, I would cudgel him like a dog. --Shak.
{To cudgel one's brains}, to exercise one's wits.
Cudgeler \Cudg"el*er\ (-?r), n.
One who beats with a cudgel. [Written also {cudgeller}.]
Cudweed \Cud"weed`\ (k?d"w?d`), n. [Apparently fr. cud + weed,
but perh. a corruption of cottonweed; or of cut weed, so
called from its use as an application to cuts and chafings.]
(Bot.)
A small composite plant with cottony or silky stem and
leaves, primarily a species of {Gnaphalium}, but the name is
now given to many plants of different genera, as {Filago},
{Antennaria}, etc.; cottonweed.
Cue \Cue\ (k[=u]), n. [ OF. coue, coe, F. queue, fr. L. coda,
cauda, tail. Cf. {Caudal}, {Coward}, {Queue}.]
1. The tail; the end of a thing; especially, a tail-like
twist of hair worn at the back of the head; a queue.
2. The last words of a play actor's speech, serving as an
intimation for the next succeeding player to speak; any
word or words which serve to remind a player to speak or
to do something; a catchword.
When my cue comes, call me, and I will answer.
--Shak.
3. A hint or intimation.
Give them [the servants] their cue to attend in two
lines as he leaves the house. --Swift.
4. The part one has to perform in, or as in, a play.
Were it my cueto fight, I should have known it
Without a prompter. --Shak.
5. Humor; temper of mind. [Colloq.] --Dickens.
6. A straight tapering rod used to impel the balls in playing
billiards.
Cue \Cue\, v. t.
To form into a cue; to braid; to twist.
Cue \Cue\, n. [From q, an abbreviation for quadrans a farthing.]
A small portion of bread or beer; the quantity bought with a
farthing or half farthing. [Obs.]
Note: The term was formerly current in the English
universities, the letter q being the mark in the
buttery books to denote such a portion. --Nares.
Hast thou worn Gowns in the university, tossed
logic, Sucked philosophy, eat cues? --Old Play.
Cuerpo \Cuer"po\ (kw[~e]r"p[-o]), n. [Sp. cuerpo, fr. L. corpus
body. See {Corpse}.]
The body.
{In cuerpo}, without full dress, so that the shape of the
Body is exposed; hence, naked or uncovered.
Exposed in cuerpo to their rage. --Hudibras.
Cuff \Cuff\ (k?f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cuffed} (k?ft); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Cuffing}.] [Cf. Sw. kuffa to knock, push,kufva to
check, subdue, and E. cow, v. t. ]
1. To strike; esp., to smite with the palm or flat of the
hand; to slap.
I swear I'll cuff you, if you strike again. --Shak.
They with their quills did all the hurt they could,
And cuffed the tender chickens from their food.
--Dryden.
2. To buffet. ``Cuffed by the gale.'' --Tennyson.
Cuff \Cuff\, v. i.
To fight; to scuffle; to box.
While the peers cuff to make the rabble sport.
--Dryden.
Cuff \Cuff\, n.
A blow; esp.,, a blow with the open hand; a box; a slap.
Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies; Who
well it wards, and quitten cuff with cuff. --Spenser.
Many a bitter kick and cuff. --Hudibras.
Cuff \Cuff\, n. [Perh. from F. coiffe headdress, hood, or coif;
as if the cuff were a cap for the hand. Cf. {Coif}.]
1. The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a sleeve
turned back from the hand.
He would visit his mistress in a morning gown, band,
short cuffs, and a peaked beard. --Arbuthnot.
2. Any ornamental appendage at the wrist, whether attached to
the sleeve of the garment or separate; especially, in
modern times, such an appendage of starched linen, or a
substitute for it of paper, or the like.
Cuffy \Cuf"fy\ (k?f`f?), n.
A name for a negro. [Slang]
Cufic \Cu"fic\ (k?`f?k), a. [So called from the town of Cufa, in
the province of Bagdad.]
Of or pertaining to the older characters of the Arabic
language. [Written also {Kufic}.]
Cuinage \Cuin"age\ (kw?n`?j), n.[Corrupted fr. coinage.]
The stamping of pigs of tin, by the proper officer, with the
arms of the duchy of Cornwall.
Cuirass \Cui*rass"\ (kw[-e]*r[.a]s", or kw[=e]"r[a^]s; 277), n.;
pl. {Cuirasses}(-[e^]z). [F. cuirasse, orig., a breastplate
of leather, for OF. cuir['e]e, cuirie influenced by It.
corazza, or Sp. coraza, fr. an assumed LL. coriacea, fr. L.
coriaceus, adj., of leather, fr. corium leather, hide; akin
to Gr. cho`rion intestinal membrane, OSlav. skora hide, Lith.
skura hide, leather. Cf. {Coriaceous}.]
1.
(a) A piece of defensive armor, covering the body from the
neck to the girdle.
(b) The breastplate taken by itself.
Note: The cuirass covered the body before and behind. It
consisted of two parts, a breast- and backpiece of iron
fastened together by means of straps and buckles or
other like contrivances. It was originally, as the name
imports, made of leather, but afterward of metal.
--Grose.
2. (Zo["o]l) An armor of bony plates, somewhat resembling a
cuirass.
Cuirassed \Cui*rassed"\ (kw[-e]*r[.a]st" or kw[=e]"r[a^]st), a.
1. Wearing a cuirass.
2. (Zo["o]l) Having a covering of bony plates, resembling a
cuirass; -- said of certain fishes.
Cuirassier \Cui`ras*sier"\ (kw?`r?s-s?r"), n. [F. cuirassier.
See {Curass}.]
A soldier armed with a cuirass. --Milton.
Cuish \Cuish\ (kw?s), n. [F. cuisse thigh, fr. L. coxa hip: cf.
F. cuissard, OF, cuissot, armor for the thigh, cuish. Cf.
{Hough}.]
Defensive armor for the thighs. [ Written also {cuisse}, and
quish.]
Cuisine \Cui`sine"\ (kw?`z?n"), n. [F., fr. L. coquina kitchen,
fr. coquere to cook. See {Kitchen}.]
1. The kitchen or cooking department.
2. Manner or style of cooking.
Culasse \Cu`lasse"\ (ku`l?s"), n. [F., fr. cul back.]
The lower faceted portion of a brilliant-cut diamond.
Culdee \Cul*dee"\ (k?l-d?" or k?l"d?), n. [ Prob. fr. Gael.
cuilteach; cf. Ir. ceilede.]
One of a class of anchorites who lived in various parts of
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales.
The pure Culdees Were Albyn's earliest priests of God.
--Campbell.
Cul-de-sac \Cul`-de-sac"\ (ku`de-s?k" or kul`de-s?k"), n.; pl.
{Culs-de-sac} (ku`- or kulz`-). [ F., lit., bottom of a bag.]
1. A passage with only one outlet, as a street closed at one
end; a blind alley; hence, a trap.
2. (Mil.) a position in which an army finds itself with no
way of exit but to the front.
3. (Anat.) Any bag-shaped or tubular cavity, vessel, or
organ, open only at one end.
Culerage \Cul"er*age\ (k?l"?r-?j), n. (Bot.)
See {Culrage}.
Culex \Cu"lex\ (k?"l?ks), n. [L., a gnat.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of dipterous insects, including the gnat and
mosquito.
Culiciform \Cu*lic"i*form\ (k?-l?s"i-f?rm). a. [L. culex a gnat
+ -form:cf. F. culiciforme.] (Zo["o]l.)
Gnat-shaped.
Culinarily \Cu"li*na*ri*ly\ (k?`l?-n?-r?-l?), adv.
In the manner of a kitchen; in connection with a kitchen or
cooking.
Culinary \Cu"li*na*ry\ (k?"l?-n?-r?), a. [L. culinarius, fr.
culina kitchen, perh. akin to carbo coal: cf. F. culinare.]
Relating to the kitchen, or to the art of cookery; used in
kitchens; as, a culinary vessel; the culinary art.
Cull \Cull\ (k?l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Culled} (k?ld); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Culling}.] [OE. cullen, OF. cuillir, coillir, F.
cueillir, to gather, pluck, pick, fr. L. colligere. See
{Coil}, v. t., and cf. {Collect}.]
To separate, select, or pick out; to choose and gather or
collect; as, to cull flowers.
From his herd he culls, For slaughter, from the fairest
of his bulls. --Dryden.
Whitest honey in fairy gardens culled. --Tennyson.
Cull \Cull\, n.
A cully; a dupe; a gull. See {Cully}.
Cullender \Cul"len*der\ (k?l"l?n-d?r), n.
A strainer. See {Colander}.
Culler \Cull"er\ (k?l"?r), n.
One who picks or chooses; esp., an inspector who selects
wares suitable for market.
Cullet \Cul"let\ (k[u^]l"l[e^]t), n. [From {Cull}, v. t. ]
Broken glass for remelting.
Cullet \Cul"let\, n. [A dim. from F. cul back.]
A small central plane in the back of a cut gem. See {Collet},
3
(b) .
Cullibility \Cul`li*bil"i*ty\ (-l?-b?l"?-ty), n. [From cully to
trick, cheat.]
Gullibility. [R.] --Swift.
Cullible \Cul"li*ble\ (k?l"l?-b'l), a.
Easily deceived; gullible.
Culling \Cull"ing\ (k?l"?ng), n.
1. The act of one who culls.
2. pl. Anything separated or selected from a mass.
Cullion \Cul"lion\ (k?l"y?n), n. [OF. couillon, coillon, F.
co?on, a vile fellow, coward, dupe, from OF. couillon,
coillon, testicle, fr. il the scrotum, fr. L. coleus a
leather bag, the scrotum.]
A mean wretch; a base fellow; a poltroon; a scullion. ``Away,
base cullions.'' --Shak.
Cullionly \Cul"lion*ly\, a.
Mean; base. --Shak.
Cullis \Cul"lis\ (k?l"l?s), n. [OF. cole["i]s, F. coulis, fr.
OF. & F. couler to strain, to flow, fr. L. colare to filter,
strain; cf. LL. coladicium. Cf. {Colander}.]
A strong broth of meat, strained and made clear for invalids;
also, a savory jelly. [Obs.]
When I am exellent at caudles And cullises . . . you
shall be welcome to me. --Beau. & Fl.
Cullis \Cul"lis\, n.; pl. {Cullises} (-?z). [F. coulisse groove,
fr. the same source as E. cullis broth.] (Arch.)
A gutter in a roof; a channel or groove.
Culls \Culls\ (k?lz), n. pl. [From Cull,, v. t.]
1. Refuse timber, from which the best part has been culled
out.
2. Any refuse stuff, as rolls not properly baked.
Cully \Cul"ly\ (k?l"l?), n.; pl. {Cullies} (-l?z). [Abbrev. fr.
cullion.]
A person easily deceived, tricked, or imposed on; a mean
dupe; a gull.
I have learned that . . . I am not the first cully whom
she has passed upon for a countess. --Addison.
Cully \Cul"ly\, v. t. [See {Cully},n., and cf. D. kullen to
cheat, gull.]
To trick, cheat, or impose on; to deceive. ``Tricks to cully
fools.'' --Pomfret.
Cullyism \Cul"ly*ism\ (-?z'm), n.
The state of being a cully.
Less frequent instances of eminent cullyism.
--Spectator.
Culm \Culm\ (k[u^]lm), n. [L. culmus stalk, stem; akin to
calamus. See{Halm}.] (Bot.)
The stalk or stem of grain and grasses (including the
bamboo), jointed and usually hollow.
Culm \Culm\, n. [Perh. from W. cwlm knot or tie, applied to this
species of coal, which is much found in balls or knots in
some parts of Wales: cf. OE. culme smoke, soot.] (Min.)
(a) Mineral coal that is not bituminous; anthracite,
especially when found in small masses.
(b) The waste of the Pennsylvania anthracite mines,
consisting of fine coal, dust, etc., and used as fuel. --
Raymond.
Culmen \Cul"men\ (k?l"m?n), n. [L., fr. cellere (in comp.) to
impel; cf. celsus pushed upward, lofty.]
1. Top; summit; acme. --R. North.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The dorsal ridge of a bird's bill.
Culmiferous \Cul*mif"er*ous\ (k?l-m?f"?r-?s), a. [L. culmus
stalk or stem + -ferous: cf. F. culmif[`e]re.]
Having jointed stems or culms.
Culmiferous \Cul*mif"er*ous\ (k[u^]l*m[i^]f"[~e]r*[u^]s), a.[2d
culm + -ferous.] (Min.)
Containing, or abounding in, culm or glance coal.
Culminal \Cul"mi*nal\ (k[u^]l"m[i^]*nal), a.
Pertaining to a culmen.
Culminant \Cul"mi*nant\ (-nant), a.
Being vertical, or at the highest point of altitude; hence,
predominant. [R.]
Culminate \Cul"mi*nate\ (k[u^]l"m[i^]*n[=a]t), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. {Culminated} (-n[=a]`t[eucr]d); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Culminating} (-n[=a]`t[i^]ng.] [L. cuimen top or ridge. See
{Column}.]
1. To reach its highest point of altitude; to come to the
meridian; to be vertical or directly overhead.
As when his beams at noon Culminate from the
equator. --Milton.
2. To reach the highest point, as of rank, size, power,
numbers, etc.
The reptile race culminated in the secondary era.
--Dana.
The house of Burgundy was rapidly culminating.
--Motley.
Culminate \Cul"mi*nate\ (k[u^]l"m[i^]*n[asl]t), a.
Growing upward, as distinguished from a lateral growth; --
applied to the growth of corals. --Dana.
Culmination \Cul"mi*na"tion\ (k[u^]l`m?-n?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
culmination]
1. The attainment of the highest point of altitude reached by
a heavently body; passage across the meridian; transit.
2. Attainment or arrival at the highest pitch of glory,
power, etc.
Culpa \Cul"pa\ (k?l"p?), n. [L.] (Law)
Negligence or fault, as distinguishable from dolus (deceit,
fraud), which implies intent, culpa being imputable to defect
of intellect, dolus to defect of heart. --Wharton.
Culpability \Cul`pa*bil"i*ty\ (k?l`p?-b?l`?-t?), n.; pl.
{Culpabilities} (-t?z). [Cf. F. culpabilit['e].]
The state of being culpable.
Culpable \Cul"pa*ble\ (k?l"p?-b'l), a. [OE. culpable, coulpable,
coupable, F. coupable, formerly also coupable, formerly also
coulpable, culpable, fr. L. culpabilis, fr. culpare to blame,
fr. culpa fault.]
1. Deserving censure; worthy of blame; faulty; immoral;
criminal. --State Trials (1413).
If he acts according to the best reason he hath, he
is not culpable, though he be mistaken in his
measures. --Sharp.
2. Guilty; as, culpable of a crime. [Obs.] --Spenser. --
{Cul"pa*ble*ness}, n. -- {Cul"pa*bly}, adv.
Culpatory \Cul"pa*to*ry\ (-t?-r?), a.
Expressing blame; censuring; reprehensory; inculpating.
Adjectives . . . commonly used by Latian authors in a
culpatory sense. --Walpole.
Culpe \Culpe\ (k[u^]lp), n. [F. coulpe, fr.L. culpa.]
Blameworthiness. [Obs.]
Banished out of the realme . . . without culpe. --E.
Hall.
Culpon \Cul"pon\ (k[u^]l"p[o^]n), n. [See {Coupon}.]
A shred; a fragment; a strip of wood. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Culprit \Cul"prit\ (k[u^]l"pr?t), n. [Prob. corrupted for
culpate, fr. Law Latin culpatus the accused, p. p. of L.
culpare to blame. See {Culpable}.]
1. One accused of, or arraigned for, a crime, as before a
judge.
An author is in the condition of a culprit; the
public are his judges. --Prior.
2. One quilty of a fault; a criminal.
Culrage \Cul"rage\ (k?l"r?j), n. [OE. culrage, culrache; prob.
fr. F. cul the buttok + F. & E. rage; F. curage.] (Bot.)
Smartweed ({Polygonum Hydropiper}).
Cult \Cult\ (k?lt) n .[F. culte, L. cultus care, culture, fr.
colere to cultivate. Cf. {Cultus}.]
1. Attentive care; homage; worship.
Every one is convinced of the reality of a better
self, and of. thecult or homage which is due to it.
--Shaftesbury.
2. A system of religious belief and worship.
That which was the religion of Moses is the
ceremonial or cult of the religion of Christ.
--Coleridge.
Cultch \Cultch\ (k?lch;224), n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
Empty oyster shells and other substances laid down on oyster
grounds to furnish points for the attachment of the spawn of
the oyster. [Also written {cutch}.]
Culter \Cul"ter\ (k?l"t?r), n. [L.]
A colter. See {Colter}.
Cultirostral \Cul`ti*ros"tral\ (-t?-r?s"tral), a. [See
{Cultirostres}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having a bill shaped like the colter of a plow, or like a
knife, as the heron, stork, etc.
Cultirostres \Cul`ti*ros"tres\ (-tr?z), n. pl. [NL., fr. L.
culter colter of a plow, knife + rostrum bill.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of wading birds including the stork, heron, crane,
etc.
Cultivable \Cul"ti*va*ble\ (k?l"t?-v?-b'l), a. [Cf. F.
cultivable.]
Capable of being cultivated or tilled. --Todd.
Cultivatable \Cul"ti*va`ta*ble\ (k?l"t?-v?`t?-b'l), a.
Cultivable.
Cultivate \Cul"ti*vate\ (k?l"t?-v?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Cultivated} (-v?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cultivating}
(-v?`-t?ng).] [LL. cultivatus, p. p. of cultivare to
cultivate, fr. cultivus cultivated, fr. L. cultus, p. p. of
colere to till, cultivate. Cf. {Colony}.]
1. To bestow attention, care, and labor upon, with a view to
valuable returns; to till; to fertilize; as, to cultivate
soil.
2. To direct special attention to; to devote time and thought
to; to foster; to cherish.
Leisure . . . to cultivate general literature.
--Wordsworth.
3. To seek the society of; to court intimacy with.
I ever looked on Lord Keppel as one of the greatest
and best men of his age; and I loved and cultivated
him accordingly. --Burke.
4. To improve by labor, care, or study; to impart culture to;
to civilize; to refine.
To cultivate the wild, licentious savage. --Addison.
The mind of man hath need to be prepared for piety
and virtue; it must be cultivated to the end.
--Tillotson.
5. To raise or produce by tillage; to care for while growing;
as, to cultivate corn or grass.
Cultivation \Cul`ti*va"tion\ (k?l`t?-v?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
cultivation.]
1. The art or act of cultivating; improvement for
agricultural purposes or by agricultural processes;
tillage; production by tillage.
2. Bestowal of time or attention for self-improvement or for
the benefit of others; fostering care.
3. The state of being cultivated; advancement in physical,
intellectual, or moral condition; refinement; culture.
Italy . . . was but imperfectly reduced to
cultivation before the irruption of the barbarians.
--Hallam.
Cultivator \Cul"ti*va`tor\ (k?l"t?-v?`t?r), n. [Cf. F.
cultivateur.]
1. One who cultivates; as, a cultivator of the soil; a
cultivator of literature. --Whewell.
2. An agricultural implement used in the tillage of growing
crops, to loosen the surface of the earth and kill the
weeds; esp., a triangular frame set with small shares,
drawn by a horse and by handles.
Note: In a broader signification it includes any complex
implement for pulverizing or stirring the surface of
the soil, as harrows, grubbers, horse hoes, etc.
Cultrate \Cul"trate\ (k?l"tr?t), Cultrated \Cul"tra*ted\
(-tr?-t?d), a. [L. cultratus knife-shaped, fromculter,
cultri, knife.] (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Sharp-edged and pointed; shaped like a pruning knife, as the
beak of certain birds.
Cultriform \Cul"tri*form\ (-tr?-f?rm), a. [L. culter, cultri,
knife + -form.] (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Shaped like a pruning knife; cultrate.
Cultrivorous \Cul*triv"o*rous\ (k?l-tr?b"?-r?s), a. [L. culter,
cultri, knife + vorare to devour.]
Devouring knives; swallowing, or pretending to swallow,
knives; -- applied to persons who have swallowed, or have
seemed to swallow, knives with impunity. --Dunglison.
Culturable \Cul"tur*a*ble\ (k?l"t?r-?-b'l; 135), a.
Capable of, or fit for, being cultivated; capable or becoming
cultured. --London Spectator.
Cultural \Cul"tur*al\ (k?l"t?r-a]/>l), a.
Of or pertaining to culture.
Culture \Cul"ture\ (k?l"t?r; 135), n. [F. culture, L. cultura,
fr. colere to till, cultivate; of uncertain origin. Cf.
{Colony}.]
1. The act or practice of cultivating, or of preparing the
earth for seed and raising crops by tillage; as, the
culture of the soil.
2. The act of, or any labor or means employed for, training,
disciplining, or refining the moral and intellectual
nature of man; as, the culture of the mind.
If vain our toil We ought to blame the culture, not
the soil. --Pepe.
3. The state of being cultivated; result of cultivation;
physical improvement; enlightenment and discipline
acquired by mental and moral training; civilization;
refinement in manners and taste.
What the Greeks expressed by their paidei`a, the
Romans by their humanitas, we less happily try to
express by the more artificial word culture. --J. C.
Shairp.
The list of all the items of the general life of a
people represents that whole which we call its
culture. --Tylor.
{Culture fluid}, a fluid in which the germs of microscopic
organisms are made to develop, either for purposes of
study or as a means of modifying their virulence.
Culture \Cul"ture\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cultured} (-t?rd; 135);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Culturing}.]
To cultivate; to educate.
They came . . . into places well inhabited and
cultured. --Usher.
Cultured \Cul"tured\ (k?l"t?rd), a.
1. Under culture; cultivated. ``Cultured vales.''
--Shenstone.
2. Characterized by mental and moral training; disciplined;
refined; well-educated.
The sense of beauty in nature, even among cultured
people, is less often met with than other mental
endowments. --I. Taylor.
The cunning hand and cultured brain. --Whittier.
Cultureless \Cul"ture*less\, a.
Having no culture.
Culturist \Cul"tur*ist\, n.
1. A cultivator.
2. One who is an advocate of culture.
The culturists, by which term I mean not those who
esteem culture (as what intelligent man does not?)
but those its exclusive advocates who recommend it
as the panacea for all the ills of humanity, for its
effects in cultivating the whole man. --J. C. Shairp
Cultus \Cul"tus\ (k?l"t?s), n. sing. & pl.; E. pl. {Cultuses}
(-?z). [L., cultivation, culture. See {Cult}.]
Established or accepted religious rites or usages of worship;
state of religious development. Cf. {Cult}, 2.
Cultus cod \Cul"tus cod`\ (k?d`). [Chinook cultus of little
worth.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Cod}, and {Buffalo cod}, under {Buffalo}.
Culver \Cul"ver\ (k?"v?r), n. [AS. culfre, perh. fr. L.
columba.]
A dove. ``Culver in the falcon's fist.'' --Spenser.
Culver \Cul"ver\, n. [Abbrev. fr. {Culverin}.]
A culverin.
Falcon and culver on each tower Stood prompt their
deadly hail to shower. --Sir W.
Scott.
Culverhouse \Cul"ver*house`\ (-hous`), n.
A dovecote.
Culverin \Cul"ver*in\ (k?l"v?r-?n), n.[F. coulevrine, prop. fem.
of couleuvrin like a serpent, fr. couleuvre adder, fr. L.
coluber, colubra.]
A long cannon of the 16th century, usually an 18-pounder with
serpent-shaped handles.
Trump, and drum, and roaring culverin. --Macaulay.
Culverkey \Cul"ver*key`\ (-k?`), n.
1. A bunch of the keys or samaras of the ash tree. --Wright.
2. An English meadow plant, perhaps the columbine or the
bluebell squill ({Scilla nutans}). [Obs.]
A girl cropping culverkeys and cowslips to make
garlands. --Walton.
Culvert \Cul"vert\ (k?l"v?rt), n. [Prob. from OF. coulouere, F.
couloir, channel, gutter, gallery, fr. couler to flow. See
{Cullis}.]
A transverse drain or waterway of masonry under a road,
railroad, canal, etc.; a small bridge.
Culvertail \Cul"ver*tail`\ (k?l"v?r-t?l`), n. (Carp.)
Dovetail.
Culvertailed \Cul"ver*tailed`\ (-t?ld`), a.
United or fastened by a dovetailed joint.
Cumacea \Cu*ma"ce*a\ (k?-m?"sh?-? or -s?-?), n. pl. [NL.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An order of marine Crustacea, mostly of small size.
Cumbent \Cum"bent\ (k?m"bent), a. [Cf. {Recumbent}, {Covey}.]
Lying down; recumbent. --J. Dyer.
Cumber \Cum"ber\ (k?m"b?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cumbered}
(-b?rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cumbering}.] [OE. combren,
cumbren,OF. combrer to hinder, from LL. cumbrus a heap, fr.
L. cumulus; cf. Skr. ?? to increase, grow strong. Cf.
{Cumulate}.]
To rest upon as a troublesome or useless weight or load; to
be burdensome or oppressive to; to hinder or embarrass in
attaining an object, to obstruct or occupy uselessly; to
embarrass; to trouble.
Why asks he what avails him not in fight, And would but
cumber and retard his flight? --Dryden.
Martha was cumbered about much serving. --Luke x. 40.
Cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground? -- Luke xiii.
7.
The multiplying variety of arguments, especially
frivolous ones, . . . but cumbers the memory. --Locke.
Cumber \Cum"ber\ (k?m"b?r), n. [Cf. encombre hindrance,
impediment. See Cuber,v.]
Trouble; embarrassment; distress. [Obs.] [Written also
{comber}.]
A place of much distraction and cumber. -- Sir H.
Wotton.
Sage counsel in cumber. --Sir W.
Scott.
Cumbersome \Cum"ber*some\ (k?m"b?r-s?m), a.
1. Burdensome or hindering, as a weight or drag;
embarrassing; vexatious; cumbrous.
To perform a cumbersome obedience. --Sir. P.
Sidney.
2. Not easily managed; as, a cumbersome contrivance or
machine.
He holds them in utter contempt, as lumbering,
cumbersome, circuitous. --I. Taylor.
-- {Cum"ber*some*ly}, adv. -- {Cum"ber*some*ness},n.
Cumbrance \Cum"brance\ (k?m"brans), n.
Encumbrance. [Obs.]
Extol not riches then, the toil of fools, The wise
man's cumbrance, if not snare. --Milton.
Cumbrian \Cum"bri*an\ (k?m"br?-a]/>n), a.
Pertaining to Cumberland, England, or to a system of rocks
found there.
{Cumbrian system} (Geol.), the slate or graywacke system of
rocks, now included in the Cambrian or Silurian system; --
so called because most prominent at Cumberland.
Cumbrous \Cum"brous\ (k?m"br?s), a.
1. Rendering action or motion difficult or toilsome; serving
to obstruct or hinder; burdensome; clogging.
He sunk beneath the cumbrous weight. --Swift.
That cumbrousand unwieldy style which disfigures
English composition so extensively. --De Quincey.
2. Giving trouble; vexatious. [Obs.]
A clud of cumbrous gnats. --Spenser.
-- {Cum"brous*ly}, adv. -- {Cum"brous*ness}, n.
Cumene \Cu"mene\ (k?"m?n), n. [From {Cumin}.] (Chem.)
A colorless oily hydrocarbon, {C6H5.C3H7}, obtained by the
distillation of cuminic acid; -- called also {cumol}.
Cumfrey \Cum"frey\ (k?m"fr?), n. (Bot.)
See {Comfrey}.
Cumic \Cu"mic\ (k?"m?k), a. (Chem.)
See {Cuming}.
Cumidine \Cu"mi*dine\ (k?"m?-d?n or -d?n), n. [From {Cumin}.]
(Chem.)
A strong, liquid, organic base, {C3H7.C6H4.NH2}, homologous
with aniline.
Cumin \Cum"in\ (k?m"?n), n. [OE. comin, AS. cymen, fr. L.
cuminum, Gr.???????; of Semitic origin, cf. Ar. kamm?n, Heb.
kamm?n; cf. OF. comin, F. cumin. Cf. {Kummel}.] (Bot.)
A dwarf umbelliferous plant, somewhat resembling fennel
({Cuminum Cyminum}), cultivated for its seeds, which have a
bitterish, warm taste, with an aromatic flavor, and are used
like those of anise and caraway. [Written also {cummin}.]
Rank-smelling rue, and cumin good for eyes. --Spenser.
{Black cumin} (Bot.), a plant ({Nigella sativa}) with pungent
seeds, used by the Afghans, etc.
Cuminic \Cu*min"ic\ (k?-m?n"?k), a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, cumin, or from oil of
caraway; as, cuminic acid.
{Cuminic acid} (Chem.), white crystalline substance,
{C3H7.C6H4.CO2H}, obtained from oil of caraway.
Cuminil \Cu"mi*nil\ (k?"m?-n?l), n .
A substance, analogous to benzil, obtained from oil of
caraway.
Cuminol \Cu"mi*nol\ (-n?l), n. [Cuminic + L. oleum.]
A liquid, {C3H7.C6H4.CHO}, obtained from oil of caraway; --
called also {cuminic aldehyde}.
Cummin \Cum"min\ (k?m"m?n), n.
Same as {Cumin}.
Ye pay tithe of mint, and cummin. -- Matt.
xxiii. 23.
Cumshaw \Cum"shaw\ (k?m"sha), n. [Chin. kom-tsie.]
A present or bonus; -- originally applied to that paid on
ships which entered the port of Canton. -- S. Wells Williams.
Cumshaw \Cum"shaw\, v. t.
To give or make a present to.
Cumu-cirro-stratus \Cu"mu-cir`ro-stra"tus\
(k?`m?-s?r`r?-str?"t?s), n. (Meteor.)
Nimbus, or rain cloud. See {Nimbus}, and {Cloud}.
Cumulate \Cu"mu*late\ (k?"m?-l?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Cumulated} (-l?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cumulating}
(-l?`t?ng).] [L. cumulatus, p. p. of cumulare to heap up, fr.
cumulus a heap. See {Cumber}.]
To gather or throw into a heap; to heap together; to
accumulate.
Shoals of shells, bedded and cumulated heap upon heap.
--Woodward.
Cumulation \Cu`mu*la"tion\ (k?`m?-l?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
cumulation.]
The act of heaping together; a heap. See {Accumulation}.
Cumulatist \Cu"mu*la*tist\ (k?"m?-l?-t?st), n.
One who accumulates; one who collects. [R.]
Cumulative \Cu"mu*la*tive\ (k?"m?-l?-t?v), a. [Cf. F.
cumulatif.]
1. Composed of parts in a heap; forming a mass; aggregated.
``As for knowledge which man receiveth by teaching, it is
cumulative, not original.'' --Bacon
2. Augmenting, gaining, or giving force, by successive
additions; as, a cumulative argument, i. e., one whose
force increases as the statement proceeds.
The argument . . . is in very truth not logical and
single, but moral and cumulative. --Trench.
3. (Law)
(a) Tending to prove the same point to which other
evidence has been offered; -- said of evidence.
(b) Given by same testator to the same legatee; -- said of
a legacy. --Bouvier. --Wharton.
{Cumulative action} (Med.), that action of certain drugs, by
virtue of which they produce, when administered in small
doses repeated at considerable intervals, the same effect
as if given in a single large dose.
{Cumulative poison}, a poison the action of which is
cumulative.
{Cumulative vote} or {system of voting} (Politics), that
system which allows to each voter as many votes as there
are persons to be voted for, and permits him to accumulate
these votes upon one person, or to distribute them among
the candidates as he pleases.
Cumulose \Cu"mu*lose`\ (k?"m?-l?s`), a. [From {Cumulus}.]
Full of heaps.
Cumulostratus \Cu"mu*lo*stra"tus\ (k?"m?-l?-str?"t?s), n.
(Meteor.)
A form of cloud. See {Cloud}.
Cumulus \Cu"mu*lus\ (k?"m?-l?s), n.; pl. {Cumuli} (-l?). [L., a
heap. See {Cumber}.] (Meteor.)
One of the four principal forms of clouds. See{Cloud}.
Cun \Cun\ (k?n), v. t. [See {Cond}.]
To con (a ship). [Obs.]
Cun \Cun\, v. t. [See 1st {Con}.]
To know. See {Con}. [Obs.]
Cunabula \Cu*nab"u*la\ (k?-n?b"?-l?), n. pl. [L., a cradle,
earliest abode, fr. cunae cradle.]
1. The earliest abode; original dwelling place; originals;
as, the cunabula of the human race.
2. (Bibliography) The extant copies of the first or earliest
printed books, or of such as were printed in the 15th
century.
Cunctation \Cunc*ta"tion\ (k?nk-t?"sh?n), n. [L. cunctatio, fr.
cunctari, p. p. cunctatus, to delay.]
Delay; procrastination. [R.] --Carlyle.
Cunctative \Cunc"ta*tive\ (k?nk"t?-t?v), a.
Slow; tardy; dilatory; causing delay.
Cunctator \Cunc*ta"tor\ (k?nk-t?"t?r), n. [L., lit., a delayer;
-- applied as a surname to Q. Fabius Maximus.]
One who delays or lingers. [R.]
Cunctipotent \Cunc*tip"o*tent\ (k?nk-t?p"?-tent), a. [L.
cunctipotens; cunctus all + potens powerful.]
All-powerful; omnipotent. [R] ``God cunctipotent.'' --Neale
(Trans. Rhythm of St. Bernard).
Cund \Cund\ (k[u^]nd), v. t. [See {Cond}.]
To con (a ship). [Obs.]
Cundurango \Cun`du*ran"go\ (k?n`d?-r?n"g?), n. (Med.)
The bark of a South American vine ({Gonolobus Condurango}) of
the Milkweed family. It has been supposed, but erroneously,
to be a cure for cancer. [Written also {condurango}.]
Cuneal \Cu"ne*al\ (k?"n?-a]/>l), [L. cuneus a wege. See {Coin}.]
Relating to a wedge; wedge-shaped.
Cuneate \Cu"ne*ate\ (k?"n?-?t), Cuneated \Cu"ne*a`ted\ (-?`tEd),
a. [L. cuneatus, fr. cuneus a wege See{Coin}.]
Wedge-shaped; (Bot.), wedge-shaped, with the point at the
base; as, a cuneate leaf.
Cuneatic \Cu`ne*at"ic\ (k?`n?-?t"?k), a.
Cuneiform. ``Cuneatic decipherment.'' --Sayce.
Cuneiform \Cu*ne"i*form\ (k?-n?"?-f?rm), Cuniform \Cu"ni*form\
(k?"n?-f?rm), a. [L. cuneus a wedge + -form: cf. F.
cunei-forme. See {Coin}.]
1. Wedge-shaped; as, a cuneiform bone; -- especially applied
to the wedge-shaped or arrowheaded characters of ancient
Persian and Assyrian inscriptions. See {Arrowheaded}.
2. Pertaining to, or versed in, the ancient wedge-shaped
characters, or the inscriptions in them. ``A cuneiform
scholar.'' --Rawlinson.
Cuneiform \Cu*ne"i*form\, Cuniform \Cu"ni*form\, n.
1. The wedge-shaped characters used in ancient Persian and
Assyrian inscriptions. --I. Taylor (The Alphabet).
2. (Anat.)
(a) One of the three tarsal bones supporting the first,
second third metatarsals. They are usually designated
as external, middle, and internal, or {ectocuniform},
{mesocuniform}, and {entocuniform}, respectively.
(b) One of the carpal bones usually articulating with the
ulna; -- called also {pyramidal} and {ulnare}.
Cunette \Cu*nette"\ (k[-u]*n[e^]t"), n. [F.] (Fort.)
A drain trench, in a ditch or moat; -- called also {cuvette}.
Cunner \Cun"ner\ (k?n"n?r), n. [Cf. {Conner}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small edible fish of the Atlantic coast ({Ctenolabrus
adspersus}); -- called also {chogset}, {burgall}, {blue
perch}, and {bait stealer}. [Written also {conner}.]
(b) A small shellfish; the limpet or patella.
Cunning \Cun"ning\ (k[u^]n"n[i^]ng), a. [AS. cunnan to know, to
be able. See 1st {Con}, {Can}.]
1. Knowing; skillful; dexterous. ``A cunning workman.'' --
Ex. xxxviii. 23.
``Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white
Nature's own sweet and cunning hand laid on. --Shak.
Esau was a cunning hunter. --Gen xxv. 27.
2. Wrought with, or exhibiting, skill or ingenuity;
ingenious; curious; as, cunning work.
Over them Arachne high did lift
Her cunning web. --Spenser.
3. Crafty; sly; artful; designing; deceitful.
They are resolved to be cunning; let others run the
hazard of being sincere. --South.
4. Pretty or pleasing; as, a cunning little boy. [Colloq.
U.S.] --Barlett.
Syn: {Cunning}, {Artful}, {Sly}, {Wily}, {Crafty}.
Usage: These epithets agree in expressing an aptitude for
attaining some end by peculiar and secret means.
Cunning is usually low; as, a cunning trick. Artful is
more ingenious and inventive; as, an artful device.
Sly implies a turn for what is double or concealed;
as, sly humor; a sly evasion. Crafty denotes a talent
for dexterously deceiving; as, a crafty manager. Wily
describes a talent for the use of stratagems; as, a
wily politician. ``Acunning man often shows his
dexterity in simply concealing. An artful man goes
further, and exerts his ingenuity in misleading. A
crafty man mingles cunning with art, and so shapes his
actions as to lull suspicions. The young may be
cunning, but the experienced only can be crafty.
Slyness is a vulgar kind of cunning; the sly man goes
cautiously and silently to work. Wiliness is a species
of cunning or craft applicable only to cases of attack
and defense.'' --Crabb.
Cunning \Cun"ning\, n. [AS. cunnung trial, or Icel. kunnandi
knowledge. See {Cunning}, a.]
1. Knowledge; art; skill; dexterity. [Archaic]
Let my right hand forget her cunning. --Ps. cxxxvii.
5.
A carpenter's desert Stands more in cunning than in
power. --Chapman.
2. The faculty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a
purpose; fraudulent skill or dexterity; deceit; craft.
Discourage cunning in a child; cunning is the ape of
wisdom. --Locke.
We take cunning for a sinister or crooked wisdom.
--Bacon.
Cunningly \Cun"ning*ly\ (k?n"n?ng-l?), adv.
In a cunning manner; with cunning.
Cunningman \Cun"ning*man`\ (-m?n`), n.
A fortune teller; one who pretends to reveal mysteries.
[Obs.] --Hudibras.
Cunningness \Cun"ning*ness\, n.
Quality of being cunning; craft.
Cup \Cup\ (k[u^]p), n. [AS. cuppe, LL. cuppa cup; cf. L. cupa
tub, cask; cf. also Gr. ky`ph hut, Skr. k[=u]pa pit, hollow,
OSlav. kupa cup. Cf. {Coop}, {Cupola}, {Cowl} a water vessel,
and {Cob}, {Coif}, {Cop}.]
1. A small vessel, used commonly to drink from; as, a tin
cup, a silver cup, a wine cup; especially, in modern
times, the pottery or porcelain vessel, commonly with a
handle, used with a saucer in drinking tea, coffee, and
the like.
2. The contents of such a vessel; a cupful.
Give me a cup of sack, boy. --Shak.
3. pl. Repeated potations; social or excessive indulgence in
intoxicating drinks; revelry.
Thence from cups to civil broils. --Milton.
4. That which is to be received or indured; that which is
allotted to one; a portion.
O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass
from me. --Matt. xxvi.
39.
5. Anything shaped like a cup; as, the cup of an acorn, or of
a flower.
The cowslip's golden cup no more I see. --Shenstone.
6. (Med.) A cupping glass or other vessel or instrument used
to produce the vacuum in cupping.
{Cup and ball}, a familiar toy of children, having a cup on
the top of a piece of wood to which, a ball is attached by
a cord; the ball, being thrown up, is to be caught in the
cup; bilboquet. --Milman.
{Cup and can}, familiar companions.
{Dry cup}, {Wet cup} (Med.), a cup used for dry or wet
cupping. See under {Cupping}.
{To be in one's cups}, to be drunk.
Cup \Cup\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cupped} (k[u^]pt); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cupping}.]
1. To supply with cups of wine. [R.]
Cup us, till the world go round. --Shak.
2. (Surg.) To apply a cupping apparatus to; to subject to the
operation of cupping. See {Cupping}.
3. (Mech.) To make concave or in the form of a cup; as, to
cup the end of a screw.
Cupbearer \Cup"bear`er\ (-b[^a]r`[~e]r), n.
1. One whose office it is to fill and hand the cups at an
entertainment.
2. (Antiq.) One of the attendants of a prince or noble,
permanently charged with the performance of this office
for his master. ``I was the king's cupbearer.'' --Neh. i.
11.
Cupboard \Cup"board\ (k[u^]b"b[~e]rd), n. [Cup + board.]
1. A board or shelf for cups and dishes. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. A small closet in a room, with shelves to receive cups,
dishes, food, etc.; hence, any small closet.
{Cupboard love}, interested love, or that which has an eye to
the cupboard. ``A cupboard love is seldom true.'' --Poor
Robin. [Colloq.]
{To cry cupboard}, to call for food; to express hunger.
[Colloq.] ``My stomach cries cupboard.'' --W. Irving.
Cupboard \Cup"board\, v. t.
To collect, as into a cupboard; to hoard. [R.] --Shak.
Cupel \Cu"pel\ (k[=u]"p[e^]l), n. [LL. cupella cup (cf. L.
cupella, small cask, dim. of cupa) : cf. F. coupelle. See
{Cup}, and cf. {Coblet}.]
A shallow porous cup, used in refining precious metals,
commonly made of bone ashes (phosphate of lime). [Written
also {coppel}.]
{Cupel dust}, powder used in purifying metals.
Cupel \Cu*pel"\ (k[-u]*p[e^]l"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cupelled}
(-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cupelling}.]
To refine by means of a cupel.
Cupellation \Cu`pel*la"tion\ (k[=u]`p[e^]l*l[=a]"sh[u^]n) n.
[See {Cupel}.]
The act or process of refining gold or silver, etc., in a
cupel.
Note: The process consist in exposing the cupel containing
the metal to be assayed or refined to a hot blast, by
which the lead, copper, tin, etc., are oxidized,
dissolved, and carried down into the porous cupel,
leaving the unoxidizable precious metal. If lead is not
already present in the alloy it must be added before
cupellation.
Cupful \Cup"ful\ (k?p"f?l), n.; pl. {Cupfuls} (-f?lz).
As much as a cup will hold.
Cup-gall \Cup"-gall`\ (-g?l`), n.
A kind of oak-leaf gall. See {Gall}.
Cupid \Cu"pid\ (k?"p?d), n . [L. Cupido, fr. cupido desire,
desire of love, fr. cupidus. See {Cupidity}.] (Rom. Myth.)
The god of love, son of Venus; usually represented as a
naked, winged boy with bow and arrow.
Pretty dimpled boys, like smiling cupids. --Shak.
Cupidity \Cu*pid"i*ty\ (k?-p?d"?-t?), n. [F. cupidite, L.
cupiditas, fr. cupidus longing, desiring, fr. cupere to long
for, desire. See {Covet}.]
1. A passionate desire; love. [Obs.]
2. Eager or inordinate desire, especially for wealth; greed
of gain; avarice; covetousness.
With the feelings of political distrust were mingled
those of cupidity and envy, as the Spaniard saw the
fairest provinces of the south still in the hands of
the accursed race of Ishmael. --Prescott.
Cup-moss \Cup"-moss`\ (k?p"m?s`; 115), n. (Bot.)
A kind of lichen, of the genus {Cladonia}.
Cupola \Cu"po*la\ (k?"p?-l?), n.; pl. {Cupolas} (-l?z). [It.
cupola, LL. cupula, cuppula (cf. L. cupula little tub). fr.
cupa, cuppa, cup; cf. L. cupa tub. So called on account of
its resemblance to a cup turned over. See {Cup}, and cf.
{Cupule}.]
1. (Arch.) A roof having a rounded form, hemispherical or
nearly so; also, a ceiling having the same form. When on a
large scale it is usually called {dome}.
2. A small structure standing on the top of a dome; a
lantern.
3. A furnace for melting iron or other metals in large
quantity, -- used chiefly in foundries and steel works.
4. A revolving shot-proof turret for heavy ordnance.
5. (Anat.) The top of the spire of the cochlea of the ear.
Cupper \Cup"per\ (k[u^]p"p[~e]r), n. [Fropm cup.]
One who performs the operation of cupping.
Cupping \Cup"ping\ (k?p"p?ng), n. (Med.)
The operation of drawing blood to or from the surface of the
person by forming a partial vacuum over the spot. Also,
sometimes, a similar operation for drawing pus from an
abscess.
{Cupping glass}, a glass cup in which a partial vacuum is
produced by heat, in the process of cupping.
{Dry cupping}, the application of a cupping instrument
without scarification, to draw blood to the surface,
produce counter irritation, etc.
{Wet cupping}, the operation of drawing blood by the
application of a cupping instrument after scarification.
Cupreous \Cu"pre*ous\ (k?"pr?-?s), a. [L. cupreus, fr. cuprum.]
Consisting of copper or resembling copper; coppery.
Cupric \Cu"pric\ (k?"pr?k), a. [From {Cuprum}.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, copper; containing
copper; -- said of those compounds of copper in which this
element is present in its lowest proportion.
Cupriferous \Cu*prif"er*ous\ (k?-pr?f"?r-?s), a. [Cuprum +
-ferous.]
Containing copper; as, cupriferous silver.
Cuprite \Cu"prite\ (k?"pr?t), n. (Min.)
The red oxide of copper; red copper; an important ore of
copper, occurring massive and in isometric crystals.
Cuproid \Cu"proid\ (k?"proid), n. [Cuprum + -oid.] (Crystalloq.)
A solid related to a tetrahedron, and contained under twelve
equal triangles.
Cup-rose \Cup"-rose\ (k?p"r?z), n.
Red poppy. See {Cop-rose}.
Cuprous \Cu"prous\ (k?"pr?s), a. [From {Cuprum}.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, copper; containing
copper; -- said of those compounds of copper in which this
element is present in its highest proportion.
Cuprum \Cu"prum\ (k?"pr?m), n. [L.] (Chem.)
Copper.
Cupulate \Cu"pu*late\ (k?"p?-l?t), a.
Having or bearing cupules; cupuliferous.
Cupule \Cu"pule\ (k?"p?l), n. [See {Cupola}.]
1. (Bot.) A cuplet or little cup, as of the acorn; the husk
or bur of the filbert, chestnut, etc.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A sucker or acetabulum.
Cupuliferous \Cu`pu*lif"er*ous\ (k?`p?-l?f"?r-?s), a. [Cupule +
-ferous: cf. F. cupulif[`e]re.]
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of
which the oak and the chestnut are examples, -- trees bearing
a smooth, solid nut inclosed in some kind of cup or bur;
bearing, or furnished with, a cupule.
Cur \Cur\ (k[^u]r), n. [OE. curre, kur; cf. dial. Sw. kurre dog,
OD. korre watchdog, and Icel. kurra to murmur, grumble, Sw.
kurra to rumble, croak, Dan. kurre to coo, whirr; prob. of
imitative origin.]
1. A mongrel or inferior dog.
They . . . like to village curs, Bark when their
fellows do. -- Shak.
2. A worthless, snarling fellow; -- used in contempt.
What would you have, you curs, That like nor peace
nor war? --Shak.
Curability \Cur`a*bil"i*ty\ (k?r`?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The state of being curable; curableness.
Curable \Cur"a*ble\ (k?r"?-b'l), a. [Cf. F. curable. See {Cure},
v. t.]
Capable of being cured; admitting remedy. ``Curable
diseases.'' --Harvey. -- {Cur"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Cur`a*bly},
adv.
Curacao \Cu`ra*[,c]ao"\, Curacoa \Cu`ra*[,c]oa"\, (k??`r?-s?"),
n.
A liqueur, or cordial, flavored with orange peel, cinnamon,
and mace; -- first made at the island of Cura[,c]cao.
Curacy \Cu"ra*cy\ (k?"r?-s?), n.; pl. {Curacies} (-s?z). [See
{Cure}, {Curate}.]
The office or employment of a curate.
Curare \Cu*ra"re\ Curari \Cu*ra"ri\(k?-r?"r?), n. [Native name.
Cf. {Wourall}.]
A black resinoid extract prepared by the South American
Indians from the bark of several species of {Strychnos} ({S.
toxifera}, etc.). It sometimes has little effect when taken
internally, but is quickly fatal when introduced into the
blood, and used by the Indians as an arrow poison. [Written
also {urari}, {woorali}, {woorari}, etc.]
Curarine \Cu"ra*rine\ (k?"r?-r?n or k?-r?"r?n; 104), n. (Chem.)
A deadly alkaloid extracted from the curare poison and from
the {Strychnos toxifera}. It is obtained in crystalline
colorless salts.
Curarize \Cu"ra*rize\ (-r?z), v. t.
To poison with curare.
Curassow \Cu*ras"sow\ (k?-r?s"s?), n. [Native name in Brazil.]
(Zool.)
A large gallinaceous bird of the American genera {Crax},
{Ourax}, etc., of the family {Cracid[ae]}.
Note: The crested curassow ({Crax alector}) is black, and
about the size of a small hen-turkey, with an erectile
crest of curled feathers. It ranges from Mexico to
Brazil. The galeated curassow or cushew bird ({Ourax
Pauxi}) is similar in size, and has a large, hollow,
blue, pear-shaped protuberance on the head.
Curat \Cu"rat\ (k?"r?t), n. [See{Cuirass}.]
A cuirass or breastplate. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Curate \Cu"rate\ (k?"r?t), n. [LL. curatus, prop., one who is
charged with the care (L. cura) of souls. See {Cure}, n., and
cf. {Cur['e]}]
One who has the cure of souls; originally, any clergyman, but
now usually limited to one who assists a rector or vicar.
--Hook.
All this the good old man performed alone, He spared no
pains, for curate he had none. --Dryden.
Curateship \Cu"rate*ship\, n.
A curacy.
Curation \Cu*ra"tion\ (k?-r?"sh?n), n. [Cf. OF. curacion.]
Cure; healing. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Curative \Cur"a*tive\ (k?r"?-t?v), a. [Cf. F. curatif. See
{Cure}, v. t.]
Relating to, or employed in, the cure of diseases; tending to
cure. --Arbuthnot.
Curator \Cu*ra"tor\ (k?-r?"t?r). n. [L., fr. curare to take care
of, fr. cura care.]
1. One who has the care and superintendence of anything, as
of a museum; a custodian; a keeper.
2. One appointed to act as guardian of the estate of a person
not legally competent to manage it, or of an absentee; a
trustee; a guardian.
Curatorship \Cu*ra"tor*ship\, n.
The office of a curator.
Curatrix \Cu*ra"trix\ (-tr?ks), n. [L.]
1. A woman who cures.
2. A woman who is a guardian or custodian. --Burrill.
Curb \Curb\ (k?rb), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Curbed} (k?rbd); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Curbing}.] [F. courber to bend, curve, L. curvare,
fr. curvus bent, curved; cf. Gr. ?????? curved. Cf. {Curve}.]
1. To bend or curve [Obs.]
Crooked and curbed lines. --Holland.
2. To guide and manage, or restrain, as with a curb; to bend
to one's will; to subject; to subdue; to restrain; to
confine; to keep in check.
Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed.
--Milton.
Where pinching want must curbthy warm desires.
--Prior.
3. To furnish wich a curb, as a well; also, to restrain by a
curb, as a bank of earth.
Curb \Curb\, v. i.
To bend; to crouch; to cringe. [Obs.]
Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg, Yea, curb and
woo for leave to do him good. --Shak.
Curb \Curb\, n.
1. That which curbs, restrains, or subdues; a check or
hindrance; esp., a chain or strap attached to the upper
part of the branches of a bit, and capable of being drawn
tightly against the lower jaw of the horse.
He that before ran in the pastures wild Felt the
stiff curb control his angry jaws. --Drayton.
By these men, religion,that should be The curb, is
made the spur of tyranny. --Denham.
2. (Arch.) An assemblage of three or more pieces of timber,
or a metal member, forming a frame around an opening, and
serving to maintain the integrity of that opening; also, a
ring of stone serving a similar purpose, as at the eye of
a dome.
3. A frame or wall round the mouth of a well; also, a frame
within a well to prevent the earth caving in.
4. A curbstone.
5. (Far.) A swelling on the back part of the hind leg of a
horse, just behind the lowest part of the hock joint,
generally causing lameness. --James Law.
{Curb bit}, a stiff bit having branches by which a leverage
is obtained upon the jaws of horse. --Knight.
{Curb pins} (Horology), the pins on the regulator which
restrain the hairspring.
{Curb plate} (Arch.), a plate serving the purpose of a curb.
{Deck curb}. See under {Deck}.
Curbless \Curb"less\, a.
Having no curb or restraint.
Curb roof \Curb" roof`\ (r??f`).
A roof having a double slope, or composed, on each side, of
two parts which have unequal inclination; a gambrel roof.
Curbstone \Curb"stone`\ (k?rb"st?n`), n.
A stone ?et along a margin as a and protection, as along the
edge of a sidewalk next the roadway; an edge stone.
{Curbstone broker}.See under {Broker}.
Curch \Curch\ (k??rch), n.
See {Courche}.
Curculio \Cur*cu"li*o\ (k?r-r?"l?-?), n.; pl. {Curculios} (-?z).
[L., a grain weevil.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of a large group of beetles ({Rhynchophora}) of many
genera; -- called also {weevils}, {snout beetles},
{billbeetles}, and {billbugs}. Many of the species are very
destructive, as the plum curculio, the corn, grain, and rice
weevils, etc.
Curculionidous \Cur`cu*li*on"i*dous\ (k?r`-k?-l?-?n"?-d?s), a.
(Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the {Curculionide[ae]}, or weevil tribe.
Curcuma \Cur"cu*ma\ (k?r"k?-m?), n. [Cf. F., It., & Sp. curcuma;
all fr. Ar. kurkum. Cf. {Turmeric}.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of the order {Scitamine[ae]}, including the
turmeric plant ({Curcuma longa}).
{Curcuma paper}. (Chem.) See {Turmeric paper}, under
{Turmeric}.
Curcumin \Cur"cu*min\ (-m?n), n. (Chem.)
The coloring principle of turmeric, or curcuma root,
extracted as an orange yellow crystalline substance,
{C14H14O4}, with a green fluorescence.
Note: It possesses acid properties and with alkalies forms
brownish salts. This change in color from yellow to
brown is the characteristic reaction of tumeric paper.
See {Turmeric paper}, under {Turmeric}.
Curd \Curd\ (k[^u]rd), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. gruth,
Ir, gruth, cruth, curd, cruthaim I milk.] [Sometimes written
{crud}.]
1. The coagulated or thickened part of milk, as distinguished
from the whey, or watery part. It is eaten as food,
especially when made into cheese.
Curds and cream, the flower of country fare.
--Dryden.
2. The coagulated part of any liquid.
3. The edible flower head of certain brassicaceous plants, as
the broccoli and cauliflower.
Broccoli should be cut while the curd, as the
flowering mass is termed, is entire. --R. Thompson.
Cauliflowers should be cut for use while the head,
or curd, is still close and compact. --F. Burr.
Curd \Curd\ (k?rd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Curded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Curding}.]
To cause to coagulate or thicken; to cause to congeal; to
curdle.
Does it curd thy blood To say I am thy mother? --Shak.
Curd \Curd\, v. i.
To become coagulated or thickened; to separate into curds and
whey --Shak.
Curdiness \Curd"i*ness\ (-?-n?s), n.
The state of being curdy.
Curdle \Cur"dle\ (k?r"d'l), v. i. [From {Curd}.] [Sometimes
written {crudle} and {cruddle}.]
1. To change into curd; to coagulate; as, rennet causes milk
to curdle. --Thomson.
2. To thicken; to congeal.
Then Mary could feel her heart's blood curdle cold.
--Southey.
Curdle \Cur"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Curdled} (-d'ld); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Curdling} (-dl?ng).]
1. To change into curd; to cause to coagulate. ``To curdle
whites of eggs'' --Boyle.
2. To congeal or thicken.
My chill blood is curdled in my veins. --Dryden.
Curdless \Curd"less\ (k?rd"l?s), a.
Destitute of curd.
Curdy \Curd"y\ (k?rd"?), a.
Like curd; full of curd; coagulated. ``A curdy mass.''
--Arbuthnot.
Cure \Cure\> (k?r), n. [OF, cure care, F., also, cure, healing,
cure of souls, L. cura care, medical attendance, cure; perh.
akin to cavere to pay heed, E. cution. Cure is not related to
care.]
1. Care, heed, or attention. [Obs.]
Of study took he most cure and most heed. --Chaucer.
Vicarages of greatcure, but small value. --Fuller.
2. Spiritual charge; care of soul; the office of a parish
priest or of a curate; hence, that which is committed to
the charge of a parish priest or of a curate; a curacy;
as, to resign a cure; to obtain a cure.
The appropriator was the incumbent parson, and had
the cure of the souls of the parishioners.
--Spelman.
3. Medical or hygienic care; remedial treatment of disease; a
method of medical treatment; as, to use the water cure.
4. Act of healing or state of being healed; restoration to
health from disease, or to soundness after injury.
Past hope! pastcure! past help. --Shak.
I do cures to-day and to-morrow. --Luke xii.
32.
5. Means of the removal of disease or evil; that which heals;
a remedy; a restorative.
Cold, hunger, prisons, ills without a cure.
--Dryden.
The proper cure of such prejudices. --Bp. Hurd.
Cure \Cure\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cured} (k?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Curing}.] [OF. curer to take care, to heal, F., only, to
cleanse, L. curare to take care, to heal, fr. cura. See
{Cure},.]
1. To heal; to restore to health, soundness, or sanity; to
make well; -- said of a patient.
The child was cured from that very hour. --Matt.
xvii. 18.
2. To subdue or remove by remedial means; to remedy; to
remove; to heal; -- said of a malady.
To cure this deadly grief. --Shak.
Then he called his twelve disciples together, and
gave them power . . . to cure diseases. --Luke ix.
1.
3. To set free from (something injurious or blameworthy), as
from a bad habit.
I never knew any man cured of inattention. --Swift.
4. To prepare for preservation or permanent keeping; to
preserve, as by drying, salting, etc.; as, to cure beef or
fish; to cure hay.
Cure \Cure\, v. i.
1. To pay heed; to care; to give attention. [Obs.]
2. To restore health; to effect a cure.
Whose smile and frown, like to Achilles' spear, Is
able with the change to kill and cure. --Shak.
3. To become healed.
One desperate grief cures with another's languish.
--Shak.
Cur'e \Cu`r['e]"\ (k[.u]`r[asl]"), n. [F., fr. LL. curatus. See
{Curate}.]
A curate; a pardon.
Cureall \Cure"*all`\ (k?r"?l`), n.
A remedy for all diseases, or for all ills; a panacea.
Cureless \Cure"less\, a.
Incapable of cure; incurable.
With patience undergo A cureless ill, since fate will
have it so. --Dryden.
Curer \Cur"er\ (-?r), n.
1. One who cures; a healer; a physician.
2. One who prepares beef, fish, etc., for preservation by
drying, salting, smoking, etc.
Curette \Cu*rette"\ (k?-r?t"), n.[F., fr. curer to cleanse.]
(Med.)
A scoop or ring with either a blunt or a cutting edge, for
removing substances from the walls of a cavity, as from the
eye, ear, or womb.
Curfew \Cur"few\ (k?r"f?), n. [OE. courfew, curfu, fr. OF.
cuevrefu, covrefeu, F. couvre-feu; covrir to cover + feu
fire, fr. L. focus fireplace, hearth. See {Cover}, and
{Focus}.]
1. The ringing of an evening bell, originally a signal to the
inhabitants to cover fires, extinguish lights, and retire
to rest, -- instituted by William the Conqueror; also, the
bell itself.
He begins at curfew, and walks till the first cock.
--Shak.
The village curfew, as it tolled profound.
--Campbell.
2. A utensil for covering the fire. [Obs.]
For pans, pots, curfews, counters and the like.
--Bacon.
Curia \Cu"ri*a\ (k?"r?-?), n.; pl. {Curle} (-?). [L.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.)
(a) One of the thirty parts into which the Roman people
were divided by Romulus.
(b) The place of assembly of one of these divisions.
(c) The place where the meetings of the senate were held;
the senate house.
2. (Middle Ages) The court of a sovereign or of a feudal
lord; also; his residence or his household. --Burrill.
3. (Law) Any court of justice.
4. The Roman See in its temporal aspects, including all the
machinery of administration; -- called also {curia
Romana}.
Curialism \Cu"ri*a*lism\ (k[=u]"r[i^]*[.a]*l[i^]?z'm), n.
The view or doctrine of the ultramontane party in the Latin
Church. --Gladstone.
Curialist \Cu"ri*a*list\ (k?"r?-?-l?st), n.
One who belongs to the ultramontane party in the Latin
Church. --Shipley.
Curialistic \Cu`ri*a*lis"tic\ (-l?s"t?k), a. [L. curialis
belonging to the imperial court, fr. curia, LL., also,
counselors and retinue of a king.]
1. Pertaining to a court.
2. Relating or belonging to the ultramontane party in the
Latin Church.
Curiality \Cu`ri*al"i*ty\ (-?l"?-t?), n. [Cf. LL. curialitas
courtesy, fr. curialis.]
The privileges, prerogatives, or retinue of a court. [Obs.]
--Bacon.
Curiet \Cu"ri*et\ (k?"r?-?t), n.
A cuirass. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Curing \Cur"ing\ (k?r"?ng),
p. a. & vb. n. of {Cure}.
{Curing house}, a building in which anything is cured;
especially, in the West Indies, a building in which sugar
is drained and dried.
Curio \Cu"ri*o\ (k?"r?-?), n.; pl. {Curios} (-?z). [Abbreviation
of curiosity.]
Any curiosity or article of virtu.
The busy world, which does not hunt poets as collectors
hunt for curios. --F. Harrison.
Curiologic \Cu`ri*o*log"ic\ (-?-l?j"?k), a. [Gr. kyriologiko`s
speaking literally (applied to curiologic hieroglyphics);
ky`rios authoritative, proper + lo`gos word, thought. Cf.
{Cyriologic}.]
Pertaining to a rude kind of hieroglyphics, in which a thing
is represented by its picture instead of by a symbol.
Curiosity \Cu`ri*os"i*ty\ (k[=u]`r[i^]*[o^]s"[i^]*t[y^]), n.;
pl. {Curiosities} (-t[i^]z). [OE. curiouste, curiosite, OF.
curioset['e], curiosit['e], F. curiosit['e], fr. L.
curiositas, fr. curiosus. See {Curious}, and cf. {Curio}.]
1. The state or quality or being curious; nicety; accuracy;
exactness; elaboration. [Obs.] --Bacon.
When thou wast in thy gilt and thy perfume, they
mocked thee for too much curiosity. --Shak.
A screen accurately cut in tapiary work . . . with
great curiosity. --Evelin.
2. Disposition to inquire, investigate, or seek after
knowledge; a desire to gratify the mind with new
information or objects of interest; inquisitiveness.
--Milton.
3. That which is curious, or fitted to excite or reward
attention.
We took a ramble together to see the curiosities of
this great town. --Addison.
There hath been practiced also a curiosity, to set a
tree upon the north side of a wall, and, at a little
hieght, to draw it through the wall, etc. --Bacon.
Curioso \Cu`ri*o"so\ (k??`r?-?"z? or k?`r?-?"s?), n.; pl.
{Curiosos} (-z?z or -s?z). [It. See {Curious}.]
A virtuoso.
Curious \Cu"ri*ous\ (k?"r?-?s), a. [OF. curios, curius, F.
curieux, L. curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See
{Cure}.]
1. Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct;
careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [Obs.]
Little curious in her clothes. --Fuller.
How shall we, If he be curious, work upon his faith?
--Beau. & Fl.
2. Exhibiting care or nicety; artfully constructed;
elaborate; wrought with elegance or skill.
To devise curious works. --Ex. xxxv. 32
His body couched in a curious bed. --Shak.
3. Careful or anxious to learn; eager for knowledge; given to
research or inquiry; habitually inquisitive; prying; --
sometimes with after or of.
It is a pity a gentleman so very curious after
things that were elegant and beautiful should not
have been as curious as to their origin, their uses,
and their natural history. --Woodward.
4. Exciting attention or inquiry; awakening surprise;
inviting and rewarding inquisitiveness; not simple or
plain; strange; rare. ``Acurious tale'' --Shak.
A multitude of curious analogies. --Macaulay.
Many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore.
--E. A. Poe.
Abstruse investigations in recondite branches of
learning or sciense often bring to light curious
results. --C. J. Smith.
{Curious arts}, magic. [Obs.]
Many . . . which used curious arts brought their
books together, and burned them. --Acts xix.
19.
Syn: Inquisitive; prying. See {Inquisitive}.
Curiously \Cu"ri*ous*ly\, adv.
In a curious manner.
Curiousness \Cu"ri*ous*ness\, n.
1. Carefulness; painstaking. [Obs.]
My father's care With curiousness and cost did train
me up. -- Massinger.
2. The state of being curious; exactness of workmanship;
ingenuity of contrivance.
3. Inquisitiveness; curiosity.
Curl \Curl\ (k[^u]rl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Curled} (k[^u]rld);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Curling}.] [Akin to D. krullen, Dan.
kr["o]lle, dial. Sw. krulla to curl, crisp; possibly akin to
E. crook. Cf. {Curl}, n., {Cruller}.]
1. To twist or form into ringlets; to crisp, as the hair.
But curl their locks with bodkins and with braid.
--Cascoigne.
2. To twist or make onto coils, as a serpent's body.
Of his tortuous train, Curled many a wanton wreath
in sight of Eve. --Milton.
3. To deck with, or as with, curls; to ornament.
Thicker than the snaky locks That curledMeg[ae]ra.
--Milton.
Curling with metaphors a plain intention. --Herbert.
4. To raise in waves or undulations; to ripple.
Seas would be pools without the brushing air To curl
the waves. --Dryden.
5. (Hat Making) To shape (the brim) into a curve.
Curl \Curl\, v. i.
1. To contract or bend into curls or ringlets, as hair; to
grow in curls or spirals, as a vine; to be crinkled or
contorted; to have a curly appearance; as, leaves lie
curled on the ground.
Thou seest it [hair] will not curl by nature.
--Shak.
2. To move in curves, spirals, or undulations; to contract in
curving outlines; to bend in a curved form; to make a curl
or curls. ``Cirling billows.'' --Dryden.
Then round her slender waist he curled. --Dryden.
Curling smokes from village tops are seen. --Pope.
Gayly curl the waves before each dashing prow.
--Byron.
He smiled a king of sickly smile, and curled up on
the floor. --Bret Harte.
3. To play at the game called curling. [Scot.]
Curl \Curl\ (k[^u]rl), n. [Akin to D. krul, Dan. kr["o]lle. See
{Curl}, v. ]
1. A ringlet, especially of hair; anything of a spiral or
winding form.
Under a coronet, his flowing hair In curls on either
cheek played. --Milton.
2. An undulating or waving line or streak in any substance,
as wood, glass, etc.; flexure; sinuosity.
If the glass of the prisms . . . be without those
numberless waves or curls which usually arise from
the sand holes. --Sir I.
Newton.
3. A disease in potatoes, in which the leaves, at their first
appearance, seem curled and shrunken.
{Blue curls}. (Bot.) See under {Blue}.
Curled \Curled\ (k[^u]rld), a.
Having curls; curly; sinuous; wavy; as, curled maple (maple
having fibers which take a sinuous course).
{Curled hair} (Com.), the hair of the manes and tails of
horses, prepared for upholstery purposes. --McElrath.
Curledness \Curl"ed*ness\, n.
State of being curled; curliness.
Curler \Curl"er\ (-[~e]r), n.
1. One who, or that which, curls.
2. A player at the game called curling. --Burns.
Curlew \Cur"lew\ (k[^u]r"l[=u]), n. [F. courlieu, corlieu,
courlis; perh. of imitative origin, but cf. OF. corlieus
courier; L. currere to run + levis light.] (Zo["o]l.)
A wading bird of the genus {Numenius}, remarkable for its
long, slender, curved bill.
Note: The common European curlew is {N. arquatus}. The
long-billed ({N. longirostris}), the Hudsonian ({N.
Hudsonicus}), and the Eskimo curlew ({N. borealis}, are
American species. The name is said to imitate the note
of the European species.
{Curlew Jack} (Zo["o]l.) the whimbrel or lesser curlew.
{Curlew sandpiper} (Zo["o]l.), a sandpiper ({Tringa
ferruginea, or subarquata}), common in Europe, rare in
America, resembling a curlew in having a long, curved
bill. See Illustation in Appendix.
Curliness \Curl"i*ness\ (k?rl"?-n?s), n.
State of being curly.
Curling \Curl"ing\, n.
1. The act or state of that which curls; as, the curling of
smoke when it rises; the curling of a ringlet; also, the
act or process of one who curls something, as hair, or the
brim of hats.
2. A scottish game in which heavy weights of stone or iron
are propelled by hand over the ice towards a mark.
Curling . . . is an amusement of the winter, and
played on the ice, by sliding from one mark to
another great stones of 40 to 70 pounds weight, of a
hemispherical form, with an iron or wooden handle at
top. The object of the player is to lay his stone as
near to the mark as possible, to guard that of his
partner, which has been well laid before, or to
strike off that of his antagonist. --Pennant
(Tour in
Scotland.
1772).
{Curling irons}, {Curling tong}, an instrument for curling
the hair; -- commonly heated when used.
Curlingly \Curl"ing*ly\, adv.
With a curl, or curls.
Curly \Curl"y\ (k?rl"?), a.
Curling or tending to curl; having curls; full of ripples;
crinkled.
Curlycue \Curl"y*cue\ (k?rl"?-k?), n. [Cf. F. caracole.]
Some thing curled or spiral,, as a flourish made with a pen
on paper, or with skates on the ice; a trick; a frolicsome
caper. [Sometimes written {carlicue}.] [ Colloq. U.S.]
{To cut a curlycue}, to make a flourish; to cut a caper.
I gave a flourishing about the room and cut a
curlycue with my right foot. --McClintock.
Curmudgeon \Cur*mudg"eon\ (k?r-m?j"?n), n. [OE. cornmudgin,
where -mudgin is prob. from OF. muchier, mucier, F. musser to
hide; of uncertain origin; cf. OE. muchares skulking thieves,
E. miche, micher.]
An avaricious, grasping fellow; a miser; a niggard; a churl.
A gray-headed curmudgeon of a negro. --W. Irving.
Curmudgeonly \Cur*mudg"eon*ly\, a.
Like a curmudgeon; niggardly; churlish; as, a curmudgeonly
fellow.
Curmurring \Cur*mur"ring\ (k?r-m?r"r?ng), n.
Murmuring; grumbling; -- sometimes applied to the rumbling
produced by a slight attack of the gripes. [Scot.] --Burns.
Curr \Curr\ (k?r), v. i. [Prob. imitative.]
To coo. [Scot.]
The owlets hoot, the owlets curr. --Wordsworth.
Currant \Cur"rant\ (k?r"rant), n. [F. corinthe (raisins de
Corinthe raisins of Corinth) currant (in sense 1), from the
city of Corinth in Greece, whence, probably, the small dried
grape (1) was first imported, the Ribes fruit (2) receiving
the name from its resemblance to that grape.]
1. A small kind of seedless raisin, imported from the Levant,
chiefly from Zante and Cephalonia; -- used in cookery.
2. The acid fruit or berry of the {Ribes rubrum} or common
red currant, or of its variety, the white currant.
3. (Bot.) A shrub or bush of several species of the genus
{Ribes} (a genus also including the gooseberry); esp., the
{Ribes rubrum}.
{Black currant},a shrub or bush ({Ribes nigrum} and {R.
floridum}) and its black, strong-flavored, tonic fruit.
{Cherry currant}, a variety of the red currant, having a
strong, symmetrical bush and a very large berry.
{Currant borer} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of an insect that bores
into the pith and kills currant bushes; specif., the
larvae of a small clearwing moth ({[AE]geria
tipuliformis}) and a longicorn beetle ({Psenocerus
supernotatus}).
{Currant worm} (Zo["o]l.), an insect larva which eats the
leaves or fruit of the currant. The most injurious are the
currant sawfly ({Nematus ventricosus}), introduced from
Europe, and the spanworm ({Eufitchia ribearia}). The fruit
worms are the larva of a fly ({Epochra Canadensis}), and a
spanworm ({Eupithecia}).
{Flowering currant}, {Missouri currant}, a species of {Ribes}
({R. aureum}), having showy yellow flowers.
Currency \Cur"ren*cy\ (k?r"r?n-c?), n.; pl. {Currencies} (-s?z).
[Cf. LL. currentia a current, fr. L. currens, p. pr. of
currere to run. See {Current}.]
1. A continued or uninterrupted course or flow like that of a
stream; as, the currency of time. [Obs.] --Ayliffe.
2. The state or quality of being current; general acceptance
or reception; a passing from person to person, or from
hand to hand; circulation; as, a report has had a long or
general currency; the currency of bank notes.
3. That which is in circulation, or is given and taken as
having or representing value; as, the currency of a
country; a specie currency; esp., government or bank notes
circulating as a substitute for metallic money.
4. Fluency; readiness of utterance. [Obs.]
5. Current value; general estimation; the rate at which
anything is generally valued.
He . . . takes greatness of kingdoms according to
their bulk and currency, and not after intrinsic
value. --Bacon.
The bare name of Englishman . . . too often gave a
transient currency to the worthless and ungrateful.
--W. Irving.
Current \Cur"rent\ (k?r"rent), a. [OE. currant, OF. curant,
corant, p. pr. of curre, corre, F. courre, courir, to run,
from L. currere; perh. akin to E. horse. Cf. {Course},
{Concur}, {Courant}, {Coranto}.]
1. Running or moving rapidly. [Archaic]
Like the current fire, that renneth Upon a cord.
--Gower.
To chase a creature that was current then In these
wild woods, the hart with golden horns. --Tennyson.
2. Now passing, as time; as, the current month.
3. Passing from person to person, or from hand to hand;
circulating through the community; generally received;
common; as, a current coin; a current report; current
history.
That there was current money in Abraham's time is
past doubt. --Arbuthnot.
Your fire-new stamp of honor is scarce current.
--Shak.
His current value, which is less or more as men have
occasion for him. --Grew.
4. Commonly estimated or acknowledged.
5. Fitted for general acceptance or circulation; authentic;
passable.
O Buckingham, now do I play the touch To try if thou
be current gold indeed. --Shak.
{Account current}. See under {Account}.
{Current money}, lawful money. --Abbott.
Current \Cur"rent\, n. [Cf. F. courant. See {Current}, a. ]
1. A flowing or passing; onward motion. Hence: A body of
fluid moving continuously in a certain direction; a
stream; esp., the swiftest part of it; as, a current of
water or of air; that which resembles a stream in motion;
as, a current of electricity.
Two such silver currents, when they join, Do glorify
the banks that bound them in. --Shak.
The surface of the ocean is furrowed by currents,
whose direction . . . the navigator should know.
--Nichol.
2. General course; ordinary procedure; progressive and
connected movement; as, the current of time, of events, of
opinion, etc.
{Current meter}, an instrument for measuring the velocity,
force, etc., of currents.
{Current mill}, a mill driven by a current wheel.
{Current wheel}, a wheel dipping into the water and driven by
the current of a stream or by the ebb and flow of the
tide.
Syn: Stream; course. See {Stream}.
Currently \Cur"rent*ly\, adv.
In a current manner; generally; commonly; as, it is currently
believed.
Currentness \Cur"rent*ness\, n.
1. The quality of being current; currency; circulation;
general reception.
2. Easiness of pronunciation; fluency. [Obs.]
When currentness [combineth] with staidness, how can
the language . . . sound other than most full of
sweetness? --Camden.
Curricle \Cur"ri*cle\ (k?r"r?-k'l), n. [L. curriculum a running,
a race course, fr. currere to run. See {Current}, and cf.
{Curriculum}.]
1. A small or short course.
Upon a curricle in this world depends a long course
of the next. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. A two-wheeled chaise drawn by two horses abreast.
Curriculum \Cur*ric"u*lum\ (k?r-r?k"?-l?m), n.; pl. E.
{Curriculums} (-l?mz), L. {Curricula} (-l?). [L. See
{Curricle}.]
1. A race course; a place for running.
2. A course; particularly, a specified fixed course of study,
as in a university.
Currie \Cur"rie\ (k?r"r?), n. & v.
See 2d & 3d {Curry}.
Curried \Cur"ried\ (-r?d), p.a. [See {Curry}, v. t., and
{Curry}, n.]
1. Dressed by currying; cleaned; prepared.
2. Prepared with curry; as, curried rice, fowl, etc.
Currier \Cur"ri*er\ (k?"r?-?r), n. [From 1st {Curry}.]
One who curries and dresses leather, after it is tanned.
Currish \Cur"rish\ (k?r"r?sh), a. [From {Cur}.]
Having the qualities, or exhibiting the characteristics, of a
cur; snarling; quarrelsome; snappish; churlish; hence, also
malicious; malignant; brutal.
Thy currish spirit Governed a wolf. --Shak.
Some currish plot, -- some trick. --Lockhart.
-- {Cur"rish*ly}, adv. -- {Cur"rish*ness}, n.
Curry \Cur"ry\ (k?r"r?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Curried} (-r?d);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Currying}.] [OE. curraien, curreien, OF.
cunreer, correier, to prepare, arrange, furnish, curry (a
horse), F. corroyer to curry (leather) (cf. OF. conrei,
conroi, order, arrangement, LL. conredium); cor- (L. com-) +
roi, rei, arrangement, order; prob. of German origin, and
akin to E. ready. See {Ready}, {Greith}, and cf. {Corody},
{Array}.]
1. To dress or prepare for use by a process of scraping,
cleansing, beating, smoothing, and coloring; -- said of
leather.
2. To dress the hair or coat of (a horse, ox, or the like)
with a currycomb and brush; to comb, as a horse, in order
to make clean.
Your short horse is soon curried. --Beau. & FL.
3. To beat or bruise; to drub; -- said of persons.
I have seen him curry a fellow's carcass handsomely.
--Beau. & FL.
{To curry favor}, to seek to gain favor by flattery or
attentions. See {Favor}, n.
Curry \Cur"ry\, n. [Tamil kari.] [Written also {currie}.]
1. (Cookery) A kind of sauce much used in India, containing
garlic, pepper, ginger, and other strong spices.
2. A stew of fowl, fish, or game, cooked with curry.
{Curry powder} (Cookery), a condiment used for making curry,
formed of various materials, including strong spices, as
pepper, ginger, garlic, coriander seed, etc.
Curry \Cur"ry\ (k?r"r?), v. t.
To flavor or cook with curry.
Currycomb \Cur"ry*comb`\ (k?r"r?-k?m`), n.
A kind of card or comb having rows of metallic teeth or
serrated ridges, used in currying a horse.
Currycomb \Cur"ry*comb`\, v. t.
To comb with a currycomb.
Curse \Curse\ (k?rs), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cursed} (k?rst) or
{Curst}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cursing}.] [AS. cursian, corsian,
perh. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. korse to make the sign of
the cross, Sw. korsa, fr. Dan. & Sw. kors cross, Icel kross,
all these Scand. words coming fr. OF. crois, croiz, fr. L.
crux cross. Cf. {Cross}.]
1. To call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury
upon; to imprecate evil upon; to execrate.
Thou shalt not . . . curse the ruler of thy people.
--Ex. xxii.
28.
Ere sunset I'll make thee curse the deed. --Shak.
2. To bring great evil upon; to be the cause of serious harm
or unhappiness to; to furnish with that which will be a
cause of deep trouble; to afflict or injure grievously; to
harass or torment.
On impious realms and barbarous kings impose Thy
plagues, and curse 'em with such sons as those.
--Pope.
{To curse by bell, book, and candle}. See under {Bell}.
Curse \Curse\, v. i.
To utter imprecations or curses; to affirm or deny with
imprecations; to swear.
Then began he to curse and to swear. --Matt. xxi.
74.
His spirits hear me, And yet I need must curse. --Shak.
Curse \Curse\, n. [AS. curs. See {Curse}, v. t.]
1. An invocation of, or prayer for, harm or injury;
malediction.
Lady, you know no rules of charity, Which renders
good for bad, blessings for curses. --Shak.
2. Evil pronounced or invoked upon another, solemnly, or in
passion; subjection to, or sentence of, divine
condemnation.
The priest shall write these curses in a book.
--Num. v. 23.
Curses, like chickens, come home to roost. --Old
Proverb.
3. The cause of great harm, evil, or misfortune; that which
brings evil or severe affliction; torment.
The common curse of mankind, folly and ignorance.
--Shak.
All that I eat, or drink, or shall beget, Is
propagated curse. --Milton.
{The curse of Scotland} (Card Playing), the nine of diamonds.
{Not worth a curse}. See under {Cress}.
Syn: Malediction; imprecation; execration. See {Malediction}.
Cursed \Curs"ed\ (k?rs"?d), a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable;
abominable.
Let us fly this cursed place. --Milton.
This cursed quarrel be no more renewed. --Dryden.
Cursedly \Curs"ed*ly\, adv.
In a cursed manner; miserably; in a manner to be detested;
enormously. [Low]
Cursedness \Curs"ed*ness\, n.
1. The state of being under a curse or of being doomed to
execration or to evil.
2. Wickedness; sin; cursing. --Chaucer.
3. Shrewishness. ``My wife's cursedness.'' --Chaucer.
Curser \Curs"er\ (k?rs"?r), n.
One who curses.
Curship \Cur"ship\ (k?r"sh?p), n. [Cur +-ship.]
The state of being a cur; one who is currish. [Jocose]
How durst he, I say, oppose thy curship! --Hudibras.
Cursitating \Cur"si*ta`ting\ (k?r"s?-t?`t?ng), a. [See
{Cursitor}.]
Moving about slightly. [R.] --H. Bushnell.
Cursitor \Cur"si*tor\ (k?r"s?-t?r), n. [LL. cursitor, equiv. to
L. cursor, fr. cursare to run hither and thither, fr. currere
to run. See {Current}, and cf. {Cursor}.]
1. A courier or runner. [Obs.] ``Cursitors to and fro.''
--Holland.
2. (Eng.Law) An officer in the Court of Chancery, whose
business is to make out original writs.
Cursive \Cur"sive\ (k?r"s?v), a. [LL. cursivus: cf. F. cursif
See {Cursitor}.]
Running; flowing.
{Cursive hand},a running handwriting.
Cursive \Cur"sive\, n.
1. A character used in cursive writing.
2. A manuscript, especially of the New Testament, written in
small, connected characters or in a running hand; --
opposed to uncial. --Shipley.
Cursor \Cur"sor\ (k?r"s?r), n. [L., a runner. See {Cursitor}.]
Any part of a mathematical instrument that moves or slides
backward and forward upon another part.
Cursorary \Cur"so*ra*ry\ (-s?-r?-r?), a.
Cursory; hasty. [Obs.]
With a cursorary eye o'erglanced the articles. --Shak.
Cursores \Cur*so"res\ (k?r-s?"rEz), n. pl. [L. cursor, pl.
cursores, a runner.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An order of running birds including the ostrich, emu, and
allies; the Ratita[ae].
(b) A group of running spiders; the wolf spiders.
Cursorial \Cur*so"ri*al\ (k?r-s?"r?-al), a. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Adapted to running or walking, and not to prehension; as,
the limbs of the horse are cursorial. See Illust. of
{Aves}.
(b) Of or pertaining to the {Cursores}.
Cursorily \Cur"so*ri*ly\ (k?r"s?-r?-l?), adv.
In a running or hasty manner; carelessly.
Cursoriness \Cur"so*ri*ness\, n.
The quality of being cursory; superficial performance; as,
cursoriness of view.
Cursory \Cur"so*ry\ (k?r"s?-r?), a. [L. cursorius, fr. cursor.
See {Cursor}.]
1. Running about; not stationary. [Obs.]
2. Characterized by haste; hastily or superficially
performed; slight; superficial; careless.
Events far too important to be treated in a cursory
manner. --Hallam.
Curst \Curst\ (k?rst),
imp. & p. p. of {Curse}.
Curst \Curst\, a. [See{Curse}.]
Froward; malignant; mischievous; malicious; snarling. [Obs.]
Though his mind Be ne'er so curst, his tonque is kind.
--Crashaw.
Curstfully \Curst"ful*ly\ (-f[.u]l*l[y^]), adv.
Peevishly; vexatiously; detestably. [Obs.] ``Curstfully
mad.'' --Marston.
Curstness \Curst"ness\ (k[^u]rst"n[e^]s), n.
Peevishness; malignity; frowardness; crabbedness; surliness.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Curt \Curt\ (k[u^]rt), a. [L. curtus; cf. Skr. kart to cut. Cf.
{Curtail}.]
Characterized by excessive brevity; short; rudely concise;
as, curt limits; a curt answer.
The curt, yet comprehensive reply. --W. Irving.
Curtail \Cur*tail"\ (k[u^]r*t[=a]l"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Curtailed} (-t[=a]ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Curtailing}.] [See
{Curtal}.]
To cut off the end or tail, or any part, of; to shorten; to
abridge; to diminish; to reduce.
I, that am curtailed of this fair proportion. --Shak.
Our incomes have been curtailed; his salary has been
doubled. --Macaulay.
Curtail \Cur"tail\ (k?r"t?l), n.
The scroll termination of any architectural member, as of a
step, etc.
Curtail dog \Cur"tail dog`\ (d[o^]g`; 115).
A dog with a docked tail; formerly, the dog of a person not
qualified to course, which, by the forest laws, must have its
tail cut short, partly as a mark, and partly from a notion
that the tail is necessary to a dog in running; hence, a dog
not fit for sporting.
Hope is a curtail dog in some affairs. --Shak.
Curtailer \Cur*tail"er\ (k[u^]r*t[=a]l"[~e]r), n.
One who curtails.
Curtailment \Cur*tail"ment\ (k?r-t?l"ment), n.
The act or result of curtailing or cutting off. --Bancroft.
Curtain \Cur"tain\ (k?r"t?n; 48), n. [OE. cortin, curtin,fr. OF.
cortine, curtine, F. courtine, LL. cortina, curtian (in
senses 1 and 2), also, small court, small inclosure
surrounded by walls, from cortis court. See {Court}.]
1. A hanging screen intended to darken or conceal, and
admitting of being drawn back or up, and reclosed at
pleasure; esp., drapery of cloth or lace hanging round a
bed or at a window; in theaters, and like places, a
movable screen for concealing the stage.
2. (Fort.) That part of the rampart and parapet which is
between two bastions or two gates. See Illustrations of
{Ravelin} and {Bastion}.
3. (Arch.) That part of a wall of a building which is between
two pavilions, towers, etc.
4. A flag; an ensign; -- in contempt. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Behind the curtain}, in concealment; in secret.
{Curtain lecture}, a querulous lecture given by a wife to her
husband within the bed curtains, or in bed. --Jerrold.
A curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the
world for teaching the virtues of patience and
long-suffering. --W. Irving.
{The curtain falls}, the performance closes.
{The curtain rises}, the performance begins.
{To draw the curtain}, to close it over an object, or to
remove it; hence:
(a) To hide or to disclose an object.
(b) To commence or close a performance.
{To drop the curtain}, to end the tale, or close the
performance.
Curtain \Cur"tain\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Curtained} (-t?nd; 48);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Curtaining}.]
To inclose as with curtains; to furnish with curtains.
So when the sun in bed Curtained with cloudy red.
--Milton.
Curtal \Cur"tal\ (k?r"tal), a. [OF. courtault, F. courtaud,
having a docked tail (cf. It. cortaldo), fr. court short, L.
curtus. See {Curt}, and {Curtail}.]
Curt; brief; laconic.
Essays and curtal aphorisms. --Milton.
{Curtal dog}. See {Curtail dog}.
Curtal \Cur"tal\, n.
A horse with a docked tail; hence, anything cut short. [Obs]
--Nares.
Curtal ax \Cur"tal ax`\ (?ks`), Curtle ax \Cur"tle ax`\,
Curtelasse \Curte"lasse\ (k?rt"las).
A corruption of {Cutlass}.
Curtal friar \Cur"tal fri`ar\ (fr?`?r).
A friar who acted as porter at the gate of a monastery. --Sir
W. Scott.
Curtana \Cur*ta"na\ (k?r-t?"n?), n.
The pointless sword carried before English monarchs at their
coronation, and emblematically considered as the sword of
mercy; -- also called the {sword of Edward the Confessor}.
Curtate \Cur"tate\ (k?r"t?t), a. [L. curtatus, p. p. of curtare
to shorten, fr. curtus. See {Curt}.] (Astron.)
Shortened or reduced; -- said of the distance of a planet
from the sun or earth, as measured in the plane of the
ecliptic, or the distance from the sun or earth to that point
where a perpendicular, let fall from the planet upon the
plane of the ecliptic, meets the ecliptic.
{Curtate cycloid}. (Math.) See {Cycloid}.
Curtation \Cur*ta"tion\ (k?r-t?"sh?n), n. (Astron.)
The interval by which the curtate distance of a planet is
less than the true distance.
Curtein \Cur*tein"\ (k?r-t?n"), n.
Same as {Curtana}.
Curtes \Cur*tes"\ (k?r-t?s"), a.
Courteous. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Curtesy \Cur"te*sy\ (k?r"t?-s?), n.; pl. {Curtesies} (-s?z).
[Either fr. courlesy, the lands being held as it were by
favor; or fr. court (LL. curtis), the husband being regarded
as holding the lands as a vassal of the court. See {Court},
{Courtesy}.] (Law)
the life estate which a husband has in the lands of his
deceased wife, which by the common law takes effect where he
has had issue by her, born alive, and capable of inheriting
the lands. --Mozley & W.
Curtilage \Cur"ti*lage\ (k?r"t?-l?j), n. [OF. cortillage,
curtillage, fr. cortil court, courtyard, LL. cortis court.
See {Court}.] (Law)
A yard, courtyard, or piece of ground, included within the
fence surrounding a dwelling house. --Burrill.
Curtly \Curt"ly\ (k?rt"l?), adv.
In a curt manner.
Curtness \Curt"ness\, n.
The quality of bing curt.
Curtsy \Curt"sy\ (k?rt"s?), n.
Same as {Courtesy}, an act of respect.
Curule \Cu"rule\ (k[=u]"r[udd]l), a. [L. curulis, fr. currus a
chariot: cf. F. curule.]
1. Of or pertaining to a chariot.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or pertaining to a kind of chair
appropriated to Roman magistrates and dignitaries;
pertaining to, having, or conferring, the right to sit in
the curule chair; hence, official.
Note: The curule chair was usually shaped like a camp stool,
and provided with curved legs. It was at first
ornamented with ivory, and later sometimes made of
ivory and inlaid with gold.
{Curule dignity} right of sitting in the curule chair.
Cururo \Cu*ru"ro\ (k??-r??"r?), n. [Chilian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A Chilian burrowing rodent of the genus {Spalacopus}.
Curval \Cur"val\ (k?r"val), Curvant \Cur"vant\ (-vant), a. [L.
curvans, p. pr. ] (Her.)
Bowed; bent; curved.
Curvate \Cur"vate\ (k?r"v?t), Curvated \Cur"va*ted\ (-v?-t?d),
a. [L. curvatus p. p. of curvare to curve, fr. curvus. See
{Curve}.]
Bent in a regular form; curved.
Curvation \Cur*va"tion\ (k?r-v?"sh?n), n. [L. curvatio.]
The act of bending or crooking.
Curvative \Cur"va*tive\ (k?r"v?-t?v), a. (Bot.)
Having the margins only a little curved; -- said of leaves.
--Henslow.
Curvature \Cur"va*ture\ (k?r"v?-t?r; 135), n. [L. curvatura. See
{Curvate}.]
1. The act of curving, or the state of being bent or curved;
a curving or bending, normal or abnormal, as of a line or
surface from a rectilinear direction; a bend; a curve.
--Cowper.
The elegant curvature of their fronds. --Darwin.
2. (Math.) The amount of degree of bending of a mathematical
curve, or the tendency at any point to depart from a
tangent drawn to the curve at that point.
{Aberrancy of curvature} (Geom.), the deviation of a curve
from a circular form.
{Absolute curvature}. See under {Absolute}.
{Angle of curvature} (Geom.), one that expresses the amount
of curvature of a curve.
{Chord of curvature}. See under {Chord}.
{Circle of curvature}. See {Osculating circle of a curve},
under {Circle}.
{Curvature of the spine} (Med.), an abnormal curving of the
spine, especially in a lateral direction.
{Radius of curvature}, the radius of the circle of curvature,
or osculatory circle, at any point of a curve.
Curve \Curve\ (k[^u]rv), a. [L. curvus bent, curved. See
{Cirb}.]
Bent without angles; crooked; curved; as, a curve line; a
curve surface.
Curve \Curve\, n. [See {Curve}, a., {Cirb}.]
1. A bending without angles; that which is bent; a flexure;
as, a curve in a railway or canal.
2. (Geom.) A line described according to some low, and having
no finite portion of it a straight line.
{Axis of a curve}. See under {Axis}.
{Curve of quickest descent}. See {Brachystochrone}.
{Curve tracing} (Math.), the process of determining the
shape, location, singular points, and other peculiarities
of a curve from its equation.
{Plane curve} (Geom.), a curve such that when a plane passes
through three points of the curve, it passes through all
the other points of the curve. Any other curve is called a
{curve of double curvature}, or a {twisted curve}.
Curve \Curve\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Curved} (k?rvd); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Curving}.] [L. curvare., fr. curvus. See {Curve}, a.,
{Curb}.]
To bend; to crook; as, to curve a line; to curve a pipe; to
cause to swerve from a straight course; as, to curve a ball
in pitching it.
Curve \Curve\, v. i.
To bend or turn gradually from a given direction; as, the
road curves to the right.
Curvedness \Curv"ed*ness\ (-?d-n?s), n.
The state of being curved.
Curvet \Cur"vet\ (k[^u]r"v?t or k[^u]r-v?t"; 277), n. [OE.
corvet, It. corvetta: cf. F. courbette. See {Curve}, and cf.
{Corvetto}.]
1. (Man.) A particular leap of a horse, when he raises both
his fore legs at once, equally advanced, and, as his fore
legs are falling, raises his hind legs, so that all his
legs are in the air at once.
2. A prank; a frolic.
Curvet \Cur"vet\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Curveted} or {-vetted};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Curveting} or {-vetting}.] [Cf. It.
corvettare. See {Curvet}, n.]
1. To make a curvet; to leap; to bound. ``Oft and high he did
curvet.'' --Drayton.
2. To leap and frisk; to frolic. --Shak.
Curvet \Cur"vet\, v. t.
To cause to curvet. --Landor.
Curvicaudate \Cur`vi*cau"date\ (k?r`v?-k?"d?t), a. [L. curvus
bent + E. caudate.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having a curved or crooked tail.
Curvicostate \Cur`vi*cos"tate\ (k?r`v?-k?s"t?t), a. [L. curvus +
E. costate.] (Bot.)
Having bent ribs.
Curvidentate \Cur`vi*den"tate\ (k?r`v?-d?n"t?t), a. [L. curvus +
E. dentate.]
Having curved teeth.
Curviform \Cur"vi*form\ (k?r"v?-f?rm), a. [L. curvus + -form.]
Having a curved form.
Curvilinead \Cur`vi*lin"e*ad\ (k?r`v?-l?n"?-?d), n. (Geom.)
An instrument for drawing curved lines.
Curvilineal \Cur`vi*lin"e*al\ (-al), Curvilinear
\Cur`vi*lin"e*ar\ (-?r), a. [L. curvus bent + E. lineal,
linear.]
Consisting of, or bounded by, curved lines; as, a curvilinear
figure.
Curvilinearity \Cur`vi*lin`e*ar"i*ty\ (-?r"?-t?), n.
The state of being curvilinear or of being bounded by curved
lines.
Curvilinearly \Cur`vi*lin"e*ar*ly\ (-?r-l?), adv.
In a curvilinear manner.
Curvinerved \Cur"vi*nerved`\ (-n?rvd`), a. [L. curvus bent + E.
nerve. ] (Bot.)
Having the ribs or the veins of the leaves curved; -- called
also {curvinervate} and {curve-veined}.
Curvirostral \Cur`vi*ros"tral\ (-r?s"tral), a. [L. curvus + E.
rostral.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having a crooked beak, as the crossbill.
Curvirostres \Cur"vi*ros"tres\ (-r?s"tr?z), n. pl. [NL., fr. L.
curvus curved + rostrum beak, rostrum.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of passerine birds, including the creepers and
nuthatches.
Curviserial \Cur`vi*se"ri*al\ (-s?"r?-al), a. [L. curvus bent +
E. serial.] (Bot.)
Distributed in a curved line, as leaves along a stem.
Curvity \Cur"vi*ty\ (k?r"v?-y?), n. [L. curvitas, from curvus
bent: cf. F. curvit['e].]
The state of being curved; a bending in a regular form;
crookedness. --Holder.
Curvograph \Cur"vo*graph\ (k?r"v?-gr?f), n. [L. curvus bent +
-graph.] (Geom.)
An arcograph.
Cushat \Cush"at\ (k??sh"?t), n. [AS. cusceote.] (Zo["o]l.)
The ringdove or wood pigeon.
Scarce with cushat's homely song can vie. --Sir W.
Scott.
Cushewbird \Cush"ew*bird\ (k?sh"?-b?rd`), n. (Zo["o]l)
The galeated curassow. See {Curassow}.
Cushion \Cush"ion\ (k??sh"?n), n. [OE. cuischun, quisshen, OF.
coissin, cuissin, F. coussin, fr. (assumed) LL. culcitinum,
dim. of L. culcita cushion, mattress, pillow. See {Quilt},
and cf. {Counterpoint} a {coverlet}.]
1. A case or bag stuffed with some soft and elastic material,
and used to sit or recline upon; a soft pillow or pad.
Two cushions stuffed with straw, the seat to raise.
--Dryden.
2. Anything resembling a cushion in properties or use; as:
(a) a pad on which gilders cut gold leaf;
(b) a mass of steam in the end of the cylinder of a steam
engine to receive the impact of the piston;
(c) the elastic edge of a billiard table.
3. A riotous kind of dance, formerly common at weddings; --
called also {cushion dance}. --Halliwell.
{Cushion capital}.(Arch.) A capital so sculptured as to
appear like a cushion pressed down by the weight of its
entablature.
(b) A name given to a form of capital, much used in the
Romanesque style, modeled like a bowl, the upper part
of which is cut away on four sides, leaving vertical
faces.
{Cushion star} (Zo["o]l.) a pentagonal starfish belonging to
{Goniaster}, {Astrogonium}, and other allied genera; -- so
called from its form.
Cushion \Cush"ion\ (k??sh"?n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cushioned}
(-?nd); p. pr. & vb. {Cushioning}.]
1. To seat or place on, or as on a cushion.
Many who are cushioned on thrones would have
remained in obscurity. --Bolingbroke.
2. To furnish with cushions; as, to cushion a chaise.
3. To conceal or cover up, as under a cushion.
{Cushioned hammer}, a dead-stroke hammer. See under
{Dead-stroke}.
Cushionet \Cush"ion*et\ (k??sh"?n-?t), n. [OF. coissinet, F.
coussinet. See {Cushion}, and cf. {Coussinet}.]
A little cushion.
Cushionless \Cush"ion*less\, a.
Hot furnished with a cushion.
Rows of long, cushionless benches, supplying the place
of pews. --Hawthorne.
Cushiony \Cush"ion*y\ (-?), a.
Like a cushion; soft; pliable.
A flat and cushiony noce. --Dickens.
Cushite \Cush"ite\ (k?sh"?t), n.
A descendant of Cush, the son of Ham and grandson of Noah.
Cusk \Cusk\ (k?sk), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large, edible, marine fish ({Brosmius brosme}), allied to
the cod, common on the northern coasts of Europe and America;
-- called also {tusk} and {torsk}.
Cuskin \Cus"kin\ (k?s"k?n), n.
A kind of drinking cup. [Obs.]
Cusp \Cusp\ (k?sp), n. [L. cuspis, -idis, point, pointed end.]
1. (Arch.) A triangular protection from the intrados of an
arch, or from an inner curve of tracery.
2. (Astrol.) The beginning or first entrance of any house in
the calculations of nativities, etc.
3. (Astron) The point or horn of the crescent moon or other
crescent-shaped luminary.
4. (Math.) A multiple point of a curve at which two or more
branches of the curve have a common tangent.
5. (Anat.) A prominence or point, especially on the crown of
a tooth.
6. (Bot.) A sharp and rigid point.
Cusp \Cusp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cusped} (k?spt); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Cusping}.]
To furnish with a cusp or cusps.
Cuspated \Cus"pa*ted\ (k?s"p?-t?d), a.
Ending in a point.
Cuspid \Cus"pid\ (k?s"p?d), n. [See {Cusp}.] (Anat.)
One of the canine teeth; -- so called from having but one
point or cusp on the crown. See {Tooth}.
Cuspidal \Cus"pi*dal\ (-p?-dal), a. [From L. cuspis, cuspidis.
See {Cusp}.]
Ending in a point.
Cuspidate \Cus"pi*date\ (-d?t), v. t.
To make pointed or sharp.
Cuspidate \Cus"pi*date\ (k?s"p?-d?t), Cuspidated \Cus"pi*da`ted\
(-d?`t?d), a. [L. cuspidatus, p. p. of cuspidare to make
pointed, fr. cuspis. See {Cusp}.]
Having a sharp end, like the point of a spear; terminating in
a hard point; as, a cuspidate leaf.
Cuspidor \Cus"pi*dor\ (-d?r), n. [Pg. cuspideria, fr. cuspir to
spit.]
Any ornamental vessel used as a spittoon; hence, to avoid the
common term, a spittoon of any sort.
Cuspis \Cus"pis\ (k?s"p?s), n. [L.]
A point; a sharp end.
Custard \Cus"tard\ (k?s"t?rd), n. [Prob. the same word as OE.
crustade, crustate, a pie made with a crust, fr. L. crustatus
covered with a crust, p. p. of crustare, fr. crusta crust;
cf. OF. croustade pasty, It. crostata, or F. coutarde. See
{Crust}, and cf. {Crustated}.]
A mixture of milk and eggs, sweetened, and baked or boiled.
{Custard apple} (Bot.), a low tree or shrub of tropical
America, including several species of Anona ({A.
squamosa}, {reticulata}, etc.), having a roundish or ovate
fruit the size of a small orange, containing a soft,
yellowish, edible pulp.
{Custard coffin}, pastry, or crust, which covers or coffins a
custard [Obs.] --Shak.
Custode \Cus"tode\ (k?s"t?d), n. [F. or It. custode, fr. L.
custos, -odis.]
See {Custodian}.
Custodial \Cus*to"di*al\ (k?s-t?"d?-al), a. [Cf. F. custodial,
fr. L. custodia. See {Custody}.]
Relating to custody or guardianship.
Custodian \Cus*to"di*an\ (k?s-t?"d?-an), n. [From {Custody}.]
One who has care or custody, as of some public building; a
keeper or superintendent.
Custodianship \Cus*to"di*an*ship\, n.
Office or duty of a custodian.
Custodier \Cus*to"di*er\ (-?r), n. [Cf. LL. custodiarus.]
A custodian. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Custody \Cus"to*dy\ (k?s"t?-d?), n. [L. custodia, fr. custos
guard; prob. akin to Gr. ?????? to hide, and E. hide. See
{Hide} to cover.]
1. A keeping or guarding; care, watch, inspection, for
keeping, preservation, or security.
A fleet of thirty ships for the custody of the
narrow seas. --Bacon.
2. Judicial or penal safe-keeping.
Jailer, take him to thy custody. --Shak.
3. State of being guarded and watched to prevent escape;
restraint of liberty; confinement; imprisonment.
What pease will be given To us enslaved, but custody
severe, And stripes and arbitrary punishment?
--Milton.
Custom \Cus"tom\ (k[u^]s"t[u^]m), n. [OF. custume, costume,
Anglo-Norman coustome, F. coutume, fr. (assumed) LL.
consuetumen custom, habit, fr. L. consuetudo, -dinis, fr.
consuescere to accustom, verb inchoative fr. consuere to be
accustomed; con- + suere to be accustomed, prob. originally,
to make one's own, fr. the root of suus one's own; akin to E.
so, adv. Cf. {Consuetude}, {Costume}.]
1. Frequent repetition of the same act; way of acting common
to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; usage; method
of doing or living.
And teach customs which are not lawful. --Acts xvi.
21.
Moved beyond his custom, Gama said. --Tennyson.
A custom More honored in the breach than the
observance. --Shak.
2. Habitual buying of goods; practice of frequenting, as a
shop, manufactory, etc., for making purchases or giving
orders; business support.
Let him have your custom, but not your votes.
--Addison.
3. (Law) Long-established practice, considered as unwritten
law, and resting for authority on long consent; usage. See
{Usage}, and {Prescription}.
Note: Usage is a fact. Custom is a law. There can be no
custom without usage, though there may be usage without
custom. --Wharton.
4. Familiar aquaintance; familiarity. [Obs.]
Age can not wither her, nor custom stale Her
infinite variety. --Shak.
{Custom of merchants}, a system or code of customs by which
affairs of commerce are regulated.
{General customs}, those which extend over a state or
kingdom.
{Particular customs}, those which are limited to a city or
district; as, the customs of London.
Syn: Practice; fashion. See {Habit}, and {Usage}.
Custom \Cus"tom\, v. t. [Cf. OF. costumer. Cf. {Accustom}.]
1. To make familiar; to accustom. [Obs.] --Gray.
2. To supply with customers. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Custom \Cus"tom\, v. i.
To have a custom. [Obs.]
On a bridge he custometh to fight. --Spenser.
Custom \Cus"tom\, n. [OF. coustume, F. coutume, tax, i. e., the
usual tax. See 1st {Custom}.]
1. The customary toll, tax, or tribute.
Render, therefore, to all their dues: tribute to
whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom. --Rom.
xiii. 7.
2. pl. Duties or tolls imposed by law on commodities,
imported or exported.
Custom \Cus"tom\, v. t.
To pay the customs of. [Obs.] --Marlowe.
Customable \Cus"tom*a*ble\ (-[.a]*b'l), a. [Cf. OF.
coustumable.]
1. Customary. [Obs.] --Sir T. More.
2. Subject to the payment of customs; dutiable.
Customableness \Cus"tom*a*ble*ness\, n.
Quality of being customable; conformity to custom. [Obs.]
Customably \Cus"tom*a*bly\, adv.
Usually. [Obs.] --Milton.
Customarily \Cus"tom*a*ri*ly\ (-[asl]*r[i^]*l[y^]), adv.
In a customary manner; habitually.
Customariness \Cus"tom*a*ri*ness\, n.
Quality of being customary.
Customary \Cus"tom*a*ry\ (k[u^]s"t[u^]m*[asl]*r[y^]), a. [CF.
OF. coustumier, F. coutumier. See {Custom}, and cf.
{Customer}.]
1. Agreeing with, or established by, custom; established by
common usage; conventional; habitual.
Even now I met him With customary compliment.
--Shak.
A formal customary attendance upon the offices.
--South.
2. (Law) Holding or held by custom; as, customary tenants;
customary service or estate.
Customary \Cus"tom*a*ry\, n. [OF. coustumier, F. coutumier.]
A book containing laws and usages, or customs; as, the
Customary of the Normans. --Cowell.
Customer \Cus"tom*er\ (k[u^]s"t[u^]m*[~e]r), n. [A doublet of
customary, a.: cf. LL. custumarius toll gatherer. See
{Custom}.]
1. One who collect customs; a toll gatherer. [Obs.]
The customers of the small or petty custom and of
the subsidy do demand of them custom for kersey
cloths. --Hakluyt.
2. One who regularly or repeatedly makes purchases of a
trader; a purchaser; a buyer.
He has got at last the character of a good customer;
by this means he gets credit for something
considerable, and then never pays for it.
--Goldsmith.
3. A person with whom a business house has dealings; as, the
customers of a bank. --J. A. H. Murray.
4. A peculiar person; -- in an indefinite sense; as, a queer
customer; an ugly customer. [Colloq.] --Dickens.
5. A lewd woman. [Obs.] --Shak.
Customhouse \Cus"tom*house"\ (-hous`), n.
The building where customs and duties are paid, and where
vessels are entered or cleared.
{Customhouse broker}, an agent who acts for merchants in the
business of entering and clearing goods and vessels.
Custos \Cus"tos\ (k[u^]s"t[o^]s), n.; pl. {Custodes}
(k[u^]s*t[=o]"d[=e]z). [L.]
A keeper; a custodian; a superintendent. [Obs.]
{Custos rotulorum} (r[o^]t`[-u]*l[=o]"r[u^]m) [LL., keeper of
the rolls] (Eng. Law), the principal justice of the peace
in a county, who is also keeper of the rolls and records
of the sessions of the peace.
Custrel \Cus"trel\ (k[u^]s"trel), n. [OF. coustillier. See
{Coistril}.]
An armor-bearer to a knight. [Obs.]
Custrel \Cus"trel\, n.
See {Costrel}. [Obs.] --Ainsworth.
Custumary \Cus"tu*ma*ry\ (-t[-u]*m[asl]*r[y^]), a.
See {Customary}. [Obs.]
Cut \Cut\ (k[u^]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cut}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Cutting}.] [OE. cutten, kitten, ketten; prob. of Celtic
origin; cf. W. cwtau to shorten, curtail, dock, cwta
bobtailed, cwt tail, skirt, Gael. cutaich to shorten,
curtail, dock, cutach short, docked, cut a bobtail, piece,
Ir. cut a short tail, cutach bobtailed. Cf. {Coot}.]
1. To separate the parts of with, or as with, a sharp
instrument; to make an incision in; to gash; to sever; to
divide.
You must cut this flesh from off his breast. --Shak.
Before the whistling winds the vessels fly, With
rapid swiftness cut the liquid way. --Pope.
2. To sever and cause to fall for the purpose of gathering;
to hew; to mow or reap.
Thy servants can skill to cut timer. --2. Chron.
ii. 8
3. To sever and remove by cutting; to cut off; to dock; as,
to cut the hair; to cut the nails.
4. To castrate or geld; as, to cut a horse.
5. To form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing,
etc.; to carve; to hew out.
Why should a man. whose blood is warm within, Sit
like his grandsire cut in alabaster? --Shak.
Loopholes cut through thickest shade. --Milton.
6. To wound or hurt deeply the sensibilities of; to pierce;
to lacerate; as, sarcasm cuts to the quick.
The man was cut to the heart. --Addison.
7. To intersect; to cross; as, one line cuts another at right
angles.
8. To refuse to recognize; to ignore; as, to cut a person in
the street; to cut one's acquaintance. [Colloq.]
9. To absent one's self from; as, to cut an appointment, a
recitation. etc.
[Colloq.]
An English tradesman is always solicitous to cut the shop
whenever he can do so with impunity. --Thomas
Hamilton.
{To cut a caper}. See under {Caper}.
{To cut the cards}, to divide a pack of cards into portions,
in order to determine the deal or the trump, or to change
the cards to be dealt.
{To cut a dash} or {a figure}, to make a display. [Colloq.]
{To cut down}.
(a) To sever and cause to fall; to fell; to prostrate.
``Timber . . . cut down in the mountains of Cilicia.''
--Knolles.
(b) To put down; to abash; to humble. [Obs] ``So great is
his natural eloquence, that he cuts doun the finest
orator.'' --Addison
(c) To lessen; to retrench; to curtail; as, to cut down
expenses.
(d) (Naut.) To raze; as, to cut down a frigate into a
sloop.
{To cut the knot} or {the Gordian knot}, to dispose of a
difficulty summarily; to solve it by prompt, arbitrary
action, rather than by skill or patience.
{To cut lots}, to determine lots by cuttings cards; to draw
lots.
{To cut off}.
(a) To sever; to separate.
I would to God, . . . The king had cut off my
brother's. --Shak.
(b) To put an untimely death; to put an end to; to
destroy. ``Iren[ae]us was likewise cut off by
martyrdom.'' --Addison.
(c) To interrupt; as, to cut off communication; to cut off
(the flow of) steam from (the boiler to) a steam
engine.
(d) To intercept; as,, to cut off an enemy's retreat.
(e) To end; to finish; as, to cut off further debate.
{To cut out}.
(a) To remove by cutting or carving; as, to cut out a
piece from a board.
(b) To shape or form by cutting; as, to cut out a garment.
`` A large forest cut out into walks.'' --Addison.
(c) To scheme; to contrive; to prepare; as, to cut out
work for another day. ``Every man had cut out a place
for himself.'' --Addison.
(d) To step in and take the place of; to supplant; as, to
cut out a rival. [Colloq.]
(e) To debar. ``I am cut out from anything but common
acknowledgments.'' --Pope.
(f) To seize and carry off (a vessel) from a harbor, or
from under the guns of an enemy.
{To cut to pieces}.
(a) To cut into pieces; as, to cut cloth to pieces.
(b) To slaughter; as, to cut an army to pieces.
{To cut a play} (Drama), to shorten it by leaving out
passages, to adapt it for the stage.
{To cut rates} (Railroads, etc.), to reduce the charges for
transportation below the rates established between
competing lines.
{To cut short}, to arrest or check abruptly; to bring to a
sudden termination. ``Achilles cut him short, and thus
replied.'' --Dryden.
{To cut stick}, to make off clandestinely or precipitately.
[Slang]
{To cut teeth}, to put forth teeth; to have the teeth pierce
through the gum and appear.
{To have cut one's eyeteeth}, to be sharp and knowing.
[Colloq.]
{To cut one's wisdom teeth}, to come to years of discretion.
{To cut under}, to undersell; as, to cut under a competitor
in trade.
{To cut up}.
(a) To cut to pieces; as, to cut up an animal, or bushes.
(b) To damage or destroy; to injure; to wound; as, to cut
up a book or its author by severe criticism. ``This
doctrine cuts up all government by the roots.''
--Locke.
(c) To afflict; to discourage; to demoralize; as, the
death of his friend cut him up terribly. [Colloq.]
--Thackeray.
Cut \Cut\ (k[u^]t), v. i.
1. To do the work of an edged tool; to serve in dividing or
gashing; as, a knife cuts well.
2. To admit of incision or severance; to yield to a cutting
instrument.
Panels of white wood that cuts like cheese.
--Holmes.
3. To perform the operation of dividing, severing, incising,
intersecting, etc.; to use a cutting instrument.
He saved the lives of thousands by manner of cutting
for the stone. --Pope.
4. To make a stroke with a whip.
5. To interfere, as a horse.
6. To move or make off quickly. [Colloq.]
7. To divide a pack of cards into two portion to decide the
deal or trump, or to change the order of the cards to be
dealt.
{To cut across}, to pass over or through in the most direct
way; as, to cut across a field.
{To cut and run}, to make off suddenly and quickly; -- from
the cutting of a ship's cable, when there is not time to
raise the anchor. [Colloq.]
{To cut} {in or into}, to interrupt; to join in anything
suddenly.
{To cut up}.
(a) To play pranks. [Colloq.]
(b) To divide into portions well or ill; to have the
property left at one's death turn out well or poorly
when divided among heirs, legatees, etc. [Slang.]
``When I die, may I cut up as well as Morgan
Pendennis.'' --Thackeray.
Cut \Cut\, n.
1. An opening made with an edged instrument; a cleft; a gash;
a slash; a wound made by cutting; as, a sword cut.
2. A stroke or blow or cutting motion with an edged
instrument; a stroke or blow with a whip.
3. That which wounds the feelings, as a harsh remark or
criticism, or a sarcasm; personal discourtesy, as
neglecting to recognize an acquaintance when meeting him;
a slight.
Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, snapped
his teeth, and passed on. This was an unkind cut
indeed. --W. Irving.
4. A notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or digging; a
furrow; a groove; as, a cut for a railroad.
This great cut or ditch Secostris . . . purposed to
have made a great deal wider and deeper. --Knolles.
5. The surface left by a cut; as, a smooth or clear cut.
6. A portion severed or cut off; a division; as, a cut of
beef; a cut of timber.
It should be understood, moreover, . . . that the
group are not arbitrary cuts, but natural groups or
types. --Dana.
7. An engraved block or plate; the impression from such an
engraving; as, a book illustrated with fine cuts.
8.
(a) The act of dividing a pack cards.
(b) The right to divide; as, whose cut is it?
9. Manner in which a thing is cut or formed; shape; style;
fashion; as, the cut of a garment.
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut. --Shak.
10. A common work horse; a gelding. [Obs.]
He'll buy me a cut, forth for to ride. --Beau. &
Fl.
11. The failure of a college officer or student to be present
at any appointed exercise. [College Cant]
12. A skein of yarn. --Wright.
{A cut in rates} (Railroad), a reduction in fare, freight
charges, etc., below the established rates.
{A short cut}, a cross route which shortens the way and cuts
off a circuitous passage.
{The cut of one's jib}, the general appearance of a person.
[Colloq.]
{To draw cuts}, to draw lots, as of paper, etc., cut unequal
lengths.
Now draweth cut . . . The which that hath the
shortest shall begin. --Chaucer.
Cut \Cut\ (k[u^]t), a.
1. Gashed or divided, as by a cutting instrument.
2. Formed or shaped as by cutting; carved.
3. Overcome by liquor; tipsy. [Slang]
{Cut and dried}, prepered beforehand; not spontaneous.
{Cut glass}, glass having a surface ground and polished in
facets or figures.
{Cut nail}, a nail cut by machinery from a rolled plate of
iron, in distinction from a wrought nail.
{Cut stone}, stone hewn or chiseled to shape after having
been split from the quarry.
Cutaneous \Cu*ta"ne*ous\ (k[-u]*t[=a]"n[-e]*[u^]s), a. [Cf. F.
cutan['e], fr. L. cutis skin. See {Cuticle}.]
Of pertaining to the skin; existing on, or affecting, the
skin; as, a cutaneous disease; cutaneous absorption;
cutaneous respiration.
Cutaway \Cut"a*way`\ (k[u^]t"[.a]*w[=a]`), a.
Having a part cut off or away; having the corners rounded or
cut away.
{Cutaway coat}, a coat whose skirts are cut away in front so
as not to meet at the bottom.
Cutch \Cutch\ (k[u^]ch; 224), n.
See {Catechu}.
Cutch \Cutch\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Cultch}.
Cutchery \Cutch"er*y\ (k[u^]ch"[~e]r*[y^]), n. [Hind. kachahri.]
A hindoo hall of justice. --Malcom.
Cute \Cute\ (k[=u]t), a. [An abbrev. of acute.]
Clever; sharp; shrewd; ingenious; cunning. [Colloq.]
Cuteness \Cute"ness\, n.
Acuteness; cunning. [Colloq.]
Cutgrass \Cut"grass`\ (k[u^]t"gr[.a]s`).
A grass with leaves having edges furnished with very minute
hooked prickles, which form a cutting edge; one or more
species of {Leersia}.
Cuticle \Cu"ti*cle\ (k[=u]"t[i^]*k'l), n. [L. cuticula, dim. of
cutis skin; akin to E. hide skin of an animal.]
1. (Anat.) The scarfskin or epidermis. See {Skin}.
2. (Bot.) The outermost skin or pellicle of a plant, found
especially in leaves and young stems.
3. A thin skin formed on the surface of a liquid.
Cuticular \Cu*tic"u*lar\ (k[-u]*t[i^]k"[-u]*l[~e]r), a.
Pertaining to the cuticle, or external coat of the skin;
epidermal.
Cutin \Cu"tin\ (k[=u]"t[i^]n), n. [L. cutis skin, outside.]
(Bot.)
The substance which, added to the material of a cell wall,
makes it waterproof, as in cork.
Cutinization \Cu`tin*i*za"tion\ (k?`t?n-?-z?"sh?n), n. (Bot.)
The conversion of cell walls into a material which repels
water, as in cork.
Cutinize \Cu"tin*ize\ (k?"t?n-?z), v. t. & i.
To change into cutin.
Cutis \Cu"tis\ (k?"t?s), n. [L. See {Cuticle}.] (Anat.)
See {Dermis}.
Cutlass \Cut"lass\ (k[u^]t"las), n.; pl. {Cutlasses} (-[e^]z).
[F. coutelas (cf. It. coltellaccio), augm. fr. L. cultellus a
small knife, dim. of culter knife. See {Colter}, and cf.
{Curtal ax}.]
A short, heavy, curving sword, used in the navy. See {Curtal
ax}.
{Cutlass fish}, (Zo["o]l.), a peculiar, long, thin, marine
fish ({Trichiurus lepturus}) of the southern United States
and West Indies; -- called also {saber fish}, {silver
eel}, and, improperly, {swordfish}.
Cutler \Cut"ler\ (k[u^]t"l[~e]r), n. [OE. coteler, F. coutelier,
LL. cultellarius, fr. L. cultellus. See {Cutlass}.]
One who makes or deals in cutlery, or knives and other
cutting instruments.
Cutlery \Cut"ler*y\ (k[u^]t"l[~e]r*[y^]), n.
1. The business of a cutler.
2. Edged or cutting instruments, collectively.
Cutlet \Cut"let\ (k[u^]t"l[e^]t), n. [F. c[^o]telette, prop.,
little rib, dim. of c[^o]te rib, fr. L. costa. See {Coast}.]
A piece of meat, especially of veal or mutton, cut for
broiling.
Cutling \Cut"ling\ (k[u^]t"l[i^]ng), n., [Cf. {Cuttle} a knife.]
The art of making edged tools or cutlery. [Obs.] --Milton.
Cut-off \Cut"-off`\ (k[u^]t"[o^]f`; 115), n.
1. That which cuts off or shortens, as a nearer passage or
road.
2. (Mach.)
(a) The valve gearing or mechanism by which steam is cut
off from entering the cylinder of a steam engine after
a definite point in a stroke, so as to allow the
remainder of the stroke to be made by the expansive
force of the steam already let in. See {Expansion
gear}, under {Expansion}.
(b) Any device for stopping or changing a current, as of
grain or water in a spout.
Cutose \Cu"tose\ (k[=u]"t[=o]s), n. [L. cutis skin.] (Chem.)
A variety of cellulose, occuring as a fine transparent
membrane covering the aerial organs of plants, and forming an
essential ingredient of cork; by oxidation it passes to
suberic acid.
Cut-out \Cut"-out`\ (k[u^]t"out`), n.
(a) (Telegraphy) A species of switch for changing the current
from one circuit to another, or for shortening a circuit.
(b) (Elec.) A device for breaking or separating a portion of
circuit.
Cutpurse \Cut"purse`\ (k[u^]t"p[^u]rs`), n.
One who cuts purses for the sake of stealing them or their
contents (an act common when men wore purses fastened by a
string to their girdles); one who steals from the person; a
pickpocket
To have an open ear, a quick eye, and a nimble hand, is
necessary for a cutpurse. --Shak.
Cutter \Cut"ter\ (k?t"t?r), n.
1. One who cuts; as, a stone cutter; a die cutter; esp., one
who cuts out garments.
2. That which cuts; a machine or part of a machine, or a tool
or instrument used for cutting, as that part of a mower
which severs the stalk, or as a paper cutter.
3. A fore tooth; an incisor. --Ray.
4. (Naut.)
(a) A boat used by ships of war.
(b) A fast sailing vessel with one mast, rigged in most
essentials like a sloop. A cutter is narrower end
deeper than a sloop of the same length, and depends
for stability on a deep keel, often heavily weighted
with lead.
(c) A small armed vessel, usually a steamer, in the
revenue marine service; -- also called {revenue
cutter}.
5. A small, light one-horse sleigh.
6. An officer in the exchequer who notes by cutting on the
tallies the sums paid.
7. A ruffian; a bravo; a destroyer. [Obs.]
8. A kind of soft yellow brick, used for facework; -- so
called from the facility with which it can be cut.
{Cutter bar}. (Mach.)
(a) A bar which carries a cutter or cutting tool, as in a
boring machine.
(b) The bar to which the triangular knives of a harvester
are attached.
{Cutter head} (Mach.), a rotating head, which itself forms a
cutter, or a rotating stock to which cutters may be
attached, as in a planing or matching machine. --Knight.
Cutthroat \Cut"throat`\ (k?t"thr?t`), n.
One who cuts throats; a murderer; an assassin.
Cutthroat \Cut"throat`\, a.
Murderous; cruel; barbarous.
Cutting \Cut"ting\ (k[u^]t"t[i^]ng), n.
1. The act or process of making an incision, or of severing,
felling, shaping, etc.
2. Something cut, cut off, or cut out, as a twig or scion cut
off from a stock for the purpose of grafting or of rooting
as an independent plant; something cut out of a newspaper;
an excavation cut through a hill or elsewhere to make a
way for a railroad, canal, etc.; a cut.
Cutting \Cut"ting\, a.
1. Adapted to cut; as, a cutting tool.
2. Chilling; penetrating; sharp; as, a cutting wind.
3. Severe; sarcastic; biting; as, a cutting reply.
Cuttingly \Cut"ting*ly\, adv.
In a cutting manner.
Cuttle \Cut"tle\ (k?t"t'l), n. [OF. cultel, coltel, coutel, fr.
L. cultellus. See {Cutlass}.]
A knife. [Obs.] --Bale.
Cuttle \Cut"tle\ (k[u^]t"t'l), Cuttlefish \Cut"tle*fish`\
(-f[i^]sh`), n. [OE. codule, AS. cudele; akin to G.
kuttelfish; cf. G. k["o]tel, D. keutel, dirt from the guts,
G. kuttel bowels, entrails. AS. cwi[thorn] womb, Goth.
qi[thorn]us belly, womb.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A cephalopod of the genus {Sepia}, having an
internal shell, large eyes, and ten arms furnished with
denticulated suckers, by means of which it secures its
prey. The name is sometimes applied to dibranchiate
cephalopods generally.
Note: It has an ink bag, opening into the siphon, from which,
when pursued, it throws out a dark liquid that clouds
the water, enabling it to escape observation.
2. A foul-mouthed fellow. ``An you play the saucy cuttle with
me.'' --Shak.
Cuttle bone \Cut"tle bone`\ (b[=o]n`).
The shell or bone of cuttlefishes, used for various purposes,
as for making polishing powder, etc.
Cuttoo plate \Cut*too" plate`\ (k?t-t??" pl?t`).
A hood over the end of a wagon wheel hub to keep dirt away
from the axle.
Cytty \Cyt"ty\ (k[u^]t"t[y^]), a. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. cut a short
tail, cutach bobtailed. See {Cut}.]
Short; as, a cutty knife; a cutty sark. [Scot.]
Cutty \Cut"ty\ (k?t"t?), n. [Scotch.]
1. A short spoon.
2. A short tobacco pipe. --Ramsay.
3. A light or unchaste woman. --Sir W. Scott.
Cuttystool \Cut"ty*stool`\ (-st[=oo]l`), n.
1. A low stool [Scot.]
2. A seat in old Scottish churches, where offenders were made
to sit, for public rebuke by the minister.
Cutwal \Cut"wal\ (k[u^]t"w[add]l), n. [Per. kotw[=a]l.]
The chief police officer of a large city. [East Indies]
Cutwater \Cut"wa`ter\ (k[u^]t"w[add]`t[~e]r), n. (Naut.)
1. The fore part of a ship's prow, which cuts the water.
2. A starling or other structure attached to the pier of a
bridge, with an angle or edge directed up stream, in order
better to resist the action of water, ice, etc.; the
sharpened upper end of the pier itself.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A sea bird of the Atlantic ({Rhynchops nigra});
-- called also {black skimmer}, {scissorsbill}, and
{razorbill}. See {Skimmer}.
Cutwork \Cut"work`\ (k[u^]t"w[^u]rk`), n. (Fine Arts)
An ancient term for embroidery, esp. applied to the earliest
form of lace, or to that early embroidery on linen and the
like, from which the manufacture of lace was developed.
Cutworm \Cut"worm`\ (-w?rm`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A caterpillar which at night eats off young plants of
cabbage, corn, etc., usually at the ground. Some kinds ascend
fruit trees and eat off the flower buds. During the day, they
conceal themselves in the earth. The common cutworms are the
larv[ae] of various species of {Agrotis} and related genera
of noctuid moths.
Cuvette \Cu*vette"\ (k?-w?t"), n. [F., dim. of cuve a tub.]
1. A pot, bucket, or basin, in which molten plate glass is
carried from the melting pot to the casting table.
2. (Fort.) A cunette.
Cyamelide \Cy*am"e*lide\ (s[-i]*[a^]m"[-e]*l[i^]d or -l[imac]d;
104), n. (Chem.)
A white amorphous substance, regarded as a polymeric
modification of isocyanic acid.
Cyamellone \Cy*am"el*lone\ (s[-i]*[a^]m"[e^]l*l[=o]n), n. (Chem)
A complex derivative of cyanogen, regarded as an acid, and
known chiefly in its salts; -- called also {hydromellonic
acid}.
Cyanate \Cy"a*nate\ (s?"?-n?t), n. [Cf. F. cuanate. See
{Cyanic}.] (Chem.)
A salt of cyanic acid.
{Ammonium cyanate} (Chem.), a remarkable white crystalline
substance, {NH4.O.CN}, which passes, on standing, to the
organic compound, urea, {CO.(NH2)2}.
Cyanaurate \Cy`an*au"rate\ (s?`?n-?"r?t), n.
See {Aurocyanide}.
Cyanean \Cy*a"ne*an\ (s?-?"n?-a]/>n), a. [Gr. kya`neos dark
blue.]
Having an azure color. --Pennant.
Cyanic \Cy*an"ic\ (s?-?n"?k), a. [Gr. ky`anos a dark blue
substance: cf. F. cyanique. Cf. {Kyanite}.]
1. Pertaining to, or containing, cyanogen.
2. Of or pertaining to a blue color.
{Cyanic acid} (Chem.), an acid, {HOCN}, derived from
cyanogen, well known in its salts, but never isolated in
the free state.
{Cyanic colors} (Bot.), those colors (of flowers) having some
tinge of blue; -- opposed to {xanthic colors}. A color of
either series may pass into red or white, but not into the
opposing color. Red and pure white are more common among
flowers of cyanic tendency than in those of the other
class.
Cyanide \Cy"a*nide\ (s?"?-n?d or -n?d; 104), n. [Cf. F. cyanide.
See {Cyanic}.] (Chem.)
A compound formed by the union of cyanogen with an element or
radical.
Cyanin \Cy"a*nin\ (s?"?-n?n), n. [See {Cyanic}.] (Chem.)
The blue coloring matter of flowers; -- called also
{anthokyan} and {anthocyanin}.
Cyanine \Cy"a*nine\ (s?"?-n?n or -n?n; 104), n. (Chem.)
One of a series of artificial blue or red dyes obtained from
quinoline and lepidine and used in calico printing.
Cyanite \Cy"a*nite\ (-n?t), n. [See {Cyanic}.] (Min.)
A mineral occuring in thin-bladed crystals and crystalline
aggregates, of a sky-blue color. It is a silicate of
aluminium. [Written also {kyanite}.]
Cyanogen \Cy*an"o*gen\ (s?-?n"?-j?n), n. [Gr. ky`anos a dark
blue substance + -gen: cf. F. cyanog[`e]ne. So called because
it produced blue dyes.] (Chem.)
A colorless, inflammable, poisonous gas, {C2N2}, with a
peach-blossom odor, so called from its tendency to form blue
compounds; obtained by heating ammonium oxalate, mercuric
cyanide, etc. It is obtained in combination, forming an
alkaline cyanide when nitrogen or a nitrogenous compound is
strongly ignited with carbon and soda or potash. It conducts
itself like a member of the halogen group of elements, and
shows a tendency to form complex compounds. The name is also
applied to the univalent radical, {CN} (the half molecule of
cyanogen proper), which was one of the first compound
radicals recognized.
Note: Cyanogen is found in the commercial substances,
potassium cyanide, or prussiate of potash, yellow
prussiate of potash, Prussian blue, Turnbull's blue,
prussic acid, etc.
Cyanometer \Cy`a*nom"e*ter\ (s?`?-n?m"?-t?r), n. [Gr. ky`anos a
dark blue substance + -meter: cf. F. cyanom[`e]tre.]
An instrument for measuring degress of blueness.
Cyanopathy \Cy`a*nop"a*thy\ (-n?p"?-th?), n. [Gr. ky`anos a dark
blue substance + pa`qos affection.] (Med.)
A disease in which the body is colored blue in its surface,
arising usually from a malformation of the heart, which
causes an imperfect arterialization of the blood; blue
jaundice.
Cyanophyll \Cy*an"o*phyll\ (s?-?n"?-f?l), n. [Gr. ky`anos a dark
blue substance + fy`llon leaf.] (Bot.)
A blue coloring matter supposed by some to be one of the
component parts of chlorophyll.
Cyanosed \Cy"a*nosed\ (s?"?-n?st), a. [See {Cyanic}.]
Rendered blue, as the surface of the body, from cyanosis or
deficient a[eum]ration of the blood.
Cyanosis \Cy`a*no"sis\ (s?`?-n?"s?s), n. [NL. See {Cyanic}.]
(Med.)
A condition in which, from insufficient a[eum]ration of the
blood, the surface of the body becomes blue. See
{Cyanopathy}.
Cyanosite \Cy*an"o*site\ (s?-?n"?-s?t), n. [See {Cyanic}.]
(Min.)
Native sulphate of copper. Cf. {Blue vitriol}, under {Blue}.
Cyanotic \Cy`a*not"ic\ (s?`?-n?t"?k), a. (Med.)
Relating to cyanosis; affected with cyanosis; as, a cyanotic
patient; having the hue caused by cyanosis; as, a cyanotic
skin.
Cyanotype \Cy*an"o*type\ (s?-?n"?-t?p), n. [Cyanide + -type.]
A photographic picture obtained by the use of a cyanide.
Cyanurate \Cy"an"u*rate\ (s?-?n"?-r?t), n. (Chem.)
A salt of cyanuric acid.
Cyanuret \Cy*an"u*ret\ (-r?t), n. (Chem.)
A cyanide. [Obs.]
Cyanuric \Cy`a*nu"ric\ (s?`?-n?"r?k), a. [Cyanic + uric: Cf. F.
cyanurique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, cyanic and uric acids.
Cyanuric acid \Cyanuric acid\ (Chem.),
an organic acid, {C3O3N3H3}, first obtained by heating uric
acid or urea, and called {pyrouric acid}; afterwards obtained
from {isocyanic acid}. It is a white crystalline substance,
odorless and almost tasteless; -- called also {tricarbimide}.
Cyathiform \Cy*ath"i*form\ (s?-?th"?-f?rm), a. [L. cyathus a cup
(Gr, ky`aqos) -form:cf. F. cyathiforme.]
In the form of a cup, a little widened at the top.
Cyatholith \Cy*ath"olith\ (s?-?th"?-l?th), n. [Gr. ky`aqos a cup
+ -lith.] (Biol.)
A kind of coccolith, which in shape resembles a minute cup
widened at the top, and varies in size from 1/6000 to 1/8000
of an inch.
Cyathophylloid \Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid\ (s?`?-th?-f?l"loid), a. [NL.
cyathophyllum, fr. Gr. ky`aqos a cup + fy`llon a leaf.]
(Paleon.)
Like, or pertaining to, the family {Cyathophyllid[ae]}.
Cyathophylloid \Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid\, n. (Paleon.)
A fossil coral of the family {Cyathophyllid[ae]}; sometimes
extended to fossil corals of other related families belonging
to the group Rugosa; -- also called {cup corals}. Thay are
found in paleozoic rocks.
Cycad \Cy"cad\ (s[imac]"k[a^]d), n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the natural order {Cycadace[ae]}, as the sago
palm, etc.
Cycadaceous \Cyc`a*da"ceous\ (s?k`?-d?"sh?s or s?`k?-), a.
(Bot.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, an order of plants like the
palms, but having exogenous wood. The sago palm is an
example.
Cycas \Cy"cas\ (s?"k?s), n. [Of uncertain origin. Linn[ae]us
derives it from one of the ``obscure Greek words.''] (Bot.)
A genus of trees, intermediate in character between the palms
and the pines. The pith of the trunk of some species
furnishes a valuable kind of sago.
Cyclamen \Cyc"la*men\ (s?k"l?-m?n), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
kykla`minos, kyklami`s.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of the Primrose family, having depressed
rounded corms, and pretty nodding flowers with the petals so
reflexed as to point upwards, whence it is called {rabbits'
ears}. It is also called {sow bread}, because hogs are said
to eat the corms.
Cyclamin \Cyc"la*min\ (-m?n), n.
A white amorphous substance, regarded as a glucoside,
extracted from the corm of {Cyclamen Europ[ae]um}.
Cyclas \Cy"clas\ (s?"kl?s), n. [Cf. {Ciclatoun}.]
A long gown or surcoat (cut off in front), worn in the Middle
Ages. It was sometimes embroidered or interwoven with gold.
Also, a rich stuff from which the gown was made.
Cycle \Cy"cle\ (s?"k'l), n. [F. ycle, LL. cyclus, fr. Gr.
ky`klos ring or circle, cycle; akin to Skr. cakra wheel,
circle. See {Wheel}.]
1. An imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens; one of the
celestial spheres. --Milton.
2. An interval of time in which a certain succession of
events or phenomena is completed, and then returns again
and again, uniformly and continually in the same order; a
periodical space of time marked by the recurrence of
something peculiar; as, the cycle of the seasons, or of
the year.
Wages . . . bear a full proportion . . . to the
medium of provision during the last bad cycle of
twenty years. --Burke.
3. An age; a long period of time.
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay.
--Tennyson.
4. An orderly list for a given time; a calendar. [Obs.]
We . . . present our gardeners with a complete cycle
of what is requisite to be done throughout every
month of the year. --Evelyn.
5. The circle of subjects connected with the exploits of the
hero or heroes of some particular period which have served
as a popular theme for poetry, as the legend of Arthur and
the knights of the Round Table, and that of Charlemagne
and his paladins.
6. (Bot.) One entire round in a circle or a spire; as, a
cycle or set of leaves. --Gray.
7. A bicycle or tricycle, or other light velocipede.
{Calippic cycle}, a period of 76 years, or four Metonic
cycles; -- so called from Calippus, who proposed it as an
improvement on the Metonic cycle.
{Cycle of eclipses}, a period of about 6,586 days, the time
of revolution of the moon's node; -- called {Saros} by the
Chaldeans.
{Cycle of indiction}, a period of 15 years, employed in Roman
and ecclesiastical chronology, not founded on any
astronomical period, but having reference to certain
judicial acts which took place at stated epochs under the
Greek emperors.
{Cycle of the moon}, or {Metonic cycle}, a period of 19
years, after the lapse of which the new and full moon
returns to the same day of the year; -- so called from
Meton, who first proposed it.
{Cycle of the sun}, {Solar cycle}, a period of 28 years, at
the end of which time the days of the month return to the
same days of the week. The dominical or Sunday letter
follows the same order; hence the solar cycle is also
called the {cycle of the Sunday letter}. In the Gregorian
calendar the solar cycle is in general interrupted at the
end of the century.
Cycle \Cy"cle\ (s?"k'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cycled}. (-k'ld);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Cycling} (-kl?ng).]
1. To pass through a cycle of changes; to recur in cycles.
--Tennyson. Darwin.
2. To ride a bicycle, tricycle, or other form of cycle.
Cyclic \Cyc"lic\ (s?k"l?k or s?"kl?k), Cyclical \Cyc"lic*al\
(s?k"l?-kal), a. [Cf. F. cycluque, Gr. kykliko`s, fr. ky`klos
See {Cycle}.]
Of or pertaining to a cycle or circle; moving in cycles; as,
cyclical time. --Coleridge.
{Cyclic chorus}, the chorus which performed the songs and
dances of the dithyrambic odes at Athens, dancing round
the altar of Bacchus in a circle.
{Cyclic poets}, certain epic poets who followed Homer, and
wrote merely on the Trojan war and its heroes; -- so
called because keeping within the circle of a single
subject. Also, any series or coterie of poets writing on
one subject. --Milman.
Cyclide \Cy"clide\ (s?"kl?d), n. [Gr. ky`klos circle.] (Geom.)
A surface of the fourth degree, having certain special
relations to spherical surfaces. The tore or anchor ring is
one of the cyclides.
Cycling \Cy"cling\ (s?"kl?ng), n.
The act, art, or practice, of riding a cycle, esp. a bicycle
or tricycle.
Cyclist \Cy"clist\ (s?"kl?st), n.
A cycler.
Cyclo- \Cy"clo-\ (s?"kl?-). [Gr. ky`klos circle, wheel.]
A combining form meaning circular, of a circle or wheel.
Cyclobranchiate \Cy`clo*bran"chi*ate\ (s?`kl?-br?n"k?-?t), a.
[Cyclo- + branchiate.] (Zo["o]l)
Having the gills around the margin of the body, as certain
limpets.
Cycloganoid \Cy`clo*ga"noid\ (s?`kl?-g?"noid or -g?n"oid), a.
(Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Cycloganoidei.
Cycloganoid \Cy`clo*ga"noid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cycloganoidei.
Cycloganoidei \Cy`clo*ga*noi"de*i\ (s?"kl?-g?-noi"d?-?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. ky`klos circle + NL. ganoidei. See {Ganoid}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An order of ganoid fishes, having cycloid scales. The bowfin
({Amia calva}) is a living example.
Cyclograph \Cy"clo*graph\ (s?"kl?-gr?f), n. [Cyclo- + -graph.]
See {Arcograph}.
Cycloid \Cy"cloid\ (s?"kloid), n. [Cyclo- + -oid: cf. F.
cyclo["i]de.] (Geom.)
A curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when
the circle is rolled along a straight line, keeping always in
the same plane.
Note: The common cycloid is the curve described when the
generating point (p) is on the circumference of the
generating circle; the curtate cycloid, when that point
lies without the circumference; the prolate or
inflected cycloid, when the generating point (p) lies
within that circumference.
Cycloid \Cy"cloid\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Cycloidei.
{Cycloid scale} (Zo["o]l.), a fish scale which is thin and
shows concentric lines of growth, without serrations on
the margin.
Cycloid \Cy"cloid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cycloidei.
Cycloidal \Cy*cloid"al\ (-al), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a cycloid; as, the cycloidal
space is the space contained between a cycloid and its base.
{Cycloidal engine}. See {Geometric lathe}.
Cycloidei \Cy*cloi"de*i\ (s?-kloi"d?-?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
ky`klos circle + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of fishes, formerly proposed by Agassiz, for those
with thin, smooth scales, destitute of marginal spines, as
the herring and salmon. The group is now regarded as
artificial.
Cycloidian \Cy*cloid"i*an\ (s?-kloid"?-an), a. & n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as 2d and 3d {Cycloid}.
Cyclometer \Cy*clom"e*ter\ (s?-kl?m"?-t?r), n. [Cyclo- +
-meter.]
A contrivance for recording the revolutions of a wheel, as of
a bicycle.
Cyclometry \Cy*clom"e*try\ (-tr?), n. [Cyclo- + -metry: cf. F.
cyclom['e]trie.] (Geom.)
The art of measuring circles.
Cyclone \Cy"clone\ (s?"kl?n), n. [Gr.????? moving in a circle,
p. pr. of ?????, fr. ky`klos circle.] (Meteor.)
A violent storm, often of vast extent, characterized by high
winds rotating about a calm center of low atmospheric
pressure. This center moves onward, often with a velocity of
twenty or thirty miles an hour.
Note: The atmospheric disturbance usually accompanying a
cyclone, marked by an onward moving area of high
pressure, is called an anticyclone.
Cyclonic \Cy*clon"ic\ (s?-kl?n"?k), a.
Pertaining to a cyclone.
Cyclop \Cy"clop\ (s?"kl?p), n.
See Note under {Cyclops}, 1.
Cyclopean \Cy`clo*pe"an\ (s?`kl?-p?"an), a. [L. Cyclopeus, Gr.
?????, fr. ????? Cyclops: cf. F. cyclopeen.]
Pertaining to the Cyclops; characteristic of the Cyclops;
huge; gigantic; vast and rough; massive; as, Cyclopean
labors; Cyclopean architecture.
Cyclopedia \Cy`clo*pe"di*a\ Cyclopaedia
\Cy`clo*p[ae]"di*a\(s?`kl?-p?"d?-?), n. [NL., from Gr. ky`klos
circle + paidei`a the bringing up of a child, education,
erudition, fr. paidey`ein to bring up a child. See {Cycle},
and cf. {Encyclopedia}, {Pedagogue}.]
The circle or compass of the arts and sciences (originally,
of the seven so-called liberal arts and sciences); circle of
human knowledge. Hence, a work containing, in alphabetical
order, information in all departments of knowledge, or on a
particular department or branch; as, a cyclopedia of the
physical sciences, or of mechanics. See {Encyclopedia}.
Cyclopedic \Cy`clo*ped"ic\ (s?`kl?-p?d"?k or -p?"d?k), a.
Belonging to the circle of the sciences, or to a cyclopedia;
of the nature of a cyclopedia; hence, of great range, extent,
or amount; as, a man of cyclopedic knowledge.
Cyclopedist \Cy`clo*pe"dist\ (-p?"d?st), n.
A maker of, or writer for, a cyclopedia.
Cyclopic \Cy*clop"ic\ (s?-kl?p"?k), a. [Gr. ?????, fr. ????.]
Pertaining to the Cyclops; Cyclopean.
Cyclops \Cy"clops\ (s?"kl?ps), n. sing. & pl. [L. Cyclops, Gr.
Ky`klwps (strictly round-eyed), pl. Ky`klwpes; ky`klos circle
+ 'w`ps eye.]
1. (Gr. Myth.) One of a race of giants, sons of Neptune and
Amphitrite, having but one eye, and that in the middle of
the forehead. They were fabled to inhabit Sicily, and to
assist in the workshops of Vulcan, under Mt. Etna.
Note: Pope, in his translation of the ``Odyssey,'' uniformly
spells this word Cyclop, when used in the singular.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of minute Entomostraca, found both in
fresh and salt water. See {Copepoda}.
3. A portable forge, used by tinkers, etc.
Cyclorama \Cy`clo*ra"ma\ (s?`kl?-r?"m? or -r?"m?), n. [Cyclo- +
Gr. "o`rama sight, spectacle.]
A pictorial view which is extended circularly, so that the
spectator is surrounded by the objects represented as by
things in nature. The realistic effect is increased by
putting, in the space between the spectator and the picture,
things adapted to the scene represented, and in some places
only parts of these objects, the completion of them being
carried out pictorially.
Cycloscope \Cy"clo*scope\ (s?"kl?-sk?p), n. [Cyclo- + -scope.]
A machine for measuring at any moment velocity of rotation,
as of a wheel of a steam engine. --Knight.
Cyclosis \Cy*clo"sis\ (s?-kl?"s?s), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ky`klwsis
circulation, from kykloy^n. See {Cyclone}.] (Bot.)
The circulation or movement of protoplasmic granules within a
living vegetable cell.
Cyclostomata \Cy`clo*stom"a*ta\ (s?`kl?-st?m"?-t?), Cyclostoma
\Cy*clos"to*ma\ (s?-kl?s"t?-m?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ky`klos
circle + sto`ma, -atos mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Bryozoa, in which the cells have circular
apertures.
Cyclostome \Cy"clo*stome\ (s?"kl?-st?m), Cyclostomous
\Cy*clos"to*mous\ (s?-kl?s"t?-m?s), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the Cyclostomi.
Cyclostomi \Cy*clos"to*mi\ (s?-kl?s"t?-m?), n. pl. [NL. See
{Cyclostomata}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A glass of fishes having a suckerlike mouth, without jaws, as
the lamprey; the Marsipobranchii.
Cyclostylar \Cy`clo*sty"lar\ (s?`kl?-st?"?r), a. [Cyclo- + Gr.
sty^los column.]
Relating to a structure composed of a circular range of
columns, without a core or building within. --Weale.
Cyclostyle \Cy"clo*style\ (s?"kl?-st?l), n. [Cyclo + style.]
A contrivance for producing manifold copies of writing or
drawing. The writing or drawing is done with a style carrying
a small wheel at the end which makes minute punctures in the
paper, thus converting it into a stencil. Copies are
transferred with an inked roller.
Cyder \Cy"der\ (s?"d?r), n.
See {Cider}. [Archaic]
Cydonin \Cy*do"nin\ (s?-d?"n?n), n. (Chem.)
A peculiar mucilaginous substance extracted from the seeds of
the quince ({Cydonia vulgaris}), and regarded as a variety of
amylose.
Cygnet \Cyg"net\ (s[i^]g"n[e^]t), n. [Dim. of F. cygne swan, L.
cycnus. cygnus, fr. Gr. ky`klos: but F. cygne seems to be an
etymological spelling of OF. cisne, fr. LL. cecinus, cicinus,
perh. ultimately also fr. Gr. ky`klos.] (Zo["o]l.)
A young swan. --Shak.
Cygnus \Cyg"nus\ (s?g"n?s), n. [L., a swan.] (Astron.)
A constellation of the northern hemisphere east of, or
following, Lyra; the Swan.
Cylinder \Cyl"in*der\ (s?l"?n-d?r), n. [F. cylindre, OF.
cilindre, L. cylindrus, fr. Gr. ky`lindros, fr. kyli`ndein,
kyli`ein, to roll. Cf. {Calender} the machine.]
1. (Geom.)
(a) A solid body which may be generated by the rotation of
a parallelogram round one its sides; or a body of
rollerlike form, of which the longitudinal section is
oblong, and the cross section is circular.
(b) The space inclosed by any cylindrical surface. The
space may be limited or unlimited in length.
2. Any hollow body of cylindrical form, as:
(a) The chamber of a steam engine in which the piston is
moved by the force of steam.
(b) The barrel of an air or other pump.
(c) (Print.) The revolving platen or bed which produces
the impression or carries the type in a cylinder
press.
(d) The bore of a gun; the turning chambered breech of a
revolver.
3. The revolving square prism carrying the cards in a
Jacquard loom.
{Cylinder axis}. (Anat.) See {Axis cylinder}, under {Axis}.
{Cylinder engine} (Paper Making), a machine in which a
cylinder takes up the pulp and delivers it in a continuous
sheet to the dryers.
{Cylinder escapement}. See {Escapement}.
{Cylinder glass}. See {Glass}.
{Cylinder mill}. See {Roller mill}.
{Cylinder press}. See {Press}.
Cylindraceous \Cyl`in*dra"ceous\ (-dr?"sh?s), a. [Cf. F.
cylyndrac['e]]
Cylindrical, or approaching a cylindrical form.
Cylindric \Cy*lin"dric\ (s?-l?n"dr?k), Cylindrical
\Cy*lin"dric*al\ (-dr?-kal), a. [Gr. kylindriko`s, from
ky`lindros cylinder: cf. F. cylindrique.]
Having the form of a cylinder, or of a section of its convex
surface; partaking of the properties of the cylinder.
{Cylindrical lens}, a lens having one, or more than one,
cylindrical surface.
{Cylindric, or Cylindrical}, {surface} (Geom.), a surface
described by a straight line that moves according to any
law, but so as to be constantly parallel to a given line.
{Cylindrical vault}. (Arch.) See under {Vault}, n.
Cylindrically \Cy*lin"dric*al*ly\ (s?-l?n"dr?-kal-l?), adv.
In the manner or shape of a cylinder; so as to be
cylindrical.
Cylindricity \Cyl*`in*dric"i*ty\ (s?l`?n-dr?s"?-t?), n.
The quality or condition of being cylindrical.
Cylindriform \Cy*lin"dri*form\ (s?-l?n"dr?-f?rm), a. [L.
cylindrus (Gr. ky`lindros) cylinder + -form: cf. F.
cylindriforme.]
Having the form of a cylinder.
Cylindroid \Cyl"in*droid\ (s?l"?n-droid), n. [Gr. ky`lindros
cylinder + -oid: cf. F. cylindro["i]de.]
1. A solid body resembling a right cylinder, but having the
bases or ends elliptical.
2. (Geom.) A certain surface of the third degree, described
by a moving straight line; -- used to illustrate the
motions of a rigid body and also the forces acting on the
body.
Cylindrometric \Cy*lin`dro*met"ric\
(s[i^]*l[i^]n`dr[-o]*m[e^]t"r[i^]k), a. [Gr. ky`lindros +
me`tron measure.]
Belonging to a scale used in measuring cylinders.
Cyma \Cy"ma\ (s[imac]"m[.a]) n. [NL., fr. Gr. ky^ma. See {Cyme}]
1. (Arch.) A member or molding of the cornice, the profile of
which is wavelike in form.
2. (Bot.) A cyme. See {Cyme}.
{Cyma recta}, or {Cyma}, a cyma, hollow in its upper part and
swelling below.
{Cyma reversa}, or {Ogee}, a cyma swelling out on the upper
part and hollow below.
Cymar \Cy*mar"\ (s[imac]*m[aum]r"), n. [F. simarre. See
{Chimere}.]
A slight covering; a scarf. See {Simar}.
Her body shaded with a light cymar. --Dryden.
Cymatium \Cy*ma"ti*um\ (s[i^]*m[=a]"sh[i^]*[u^]m), n. [L., fr.
Gr. kyma`tion, dim. of ky^ma a wave.] (Arch.)
A capping or crowning molding in classic architecture.
Cymbal \Cym"bal\ (s[i^]m"bal). n. [OE. cimbale, simbale, OF.
cimbale, F. cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr. Gr. ky`mbalon, fr.
ky`mbh, ky`mbos, anything hollow, hollow vessel, basin, akin
to Skr. kumbha pot. Cf. {Chime}.]
1. A musical instrument used by the ancients. It is supposed
to have been similar to the modern kettle drum, though
perhaps smaller.
2. A musical instrument of brass, shaped like a circular dish
or a flat plate, with a handle at the back; -- used in
pairs to produce a sharp ringing sound by clashing them
together.
Note: In orchestras, one cymbal is commonly attached to the
bass drum, and the other heid in the drummer's left
hand, while his right hand uses the drumstick.
3. A musical instrument used by gypsies and others, made of
steel wire, in a triangular form, on which are movable
rings.
Cymbalist \Cym"bal*ist\, n.
A performer upon cymbals.
Cymbiform \Cym"bi*form\ (s?m"b?-f?rm),, a. [L. cymba boat (Gr.
????) + -form: cf. F. cymbiforme.]
Shaped like a boat; (Bot.) elongated and having the upper
surface decidedly concave, as the glumes of many grasses.
Cymbium \Cym"bi*um\ (s?m"b?-?m), n. [L., a small cup, fr. Gr.
????.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of marine univalve shells; the gondola.
Cyme \Cyme\ (s?m), n. [L. cyma the young sprount of a cabbage,
fr. Gr. ???, prop., anything swollen, hence also cyme, wave,
fr. ??? to be pregnant.] (Bot.)
A flattish or convex flower cluster, of the centrifugal or
determinate type, differing from a corymb chiefly in the
order of the opening of the blossoms.
Cymene \Cy"mene\ (s?"m?n), n. (Chem.)
A colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon,
{CH3.C6H4.C3H7}, of pleasant odor, obtained from oil of
cumin, oil of caraway, carvacrol, camphor, etc.; -- called
also {paracymene}, and formerly {camphogen}.
Cymenol \Cy"me*nol\ (s?"m?-n?l), n. (Chem.)
See {Carvacrol}.
Cymidine \Cy"mi*dine\ ( s?"m?-d?n or -d?n; 104), n. (Chem.)
A liquid organic base, {C10H13.NH2}, derived from cymene.
Cymiferous \Cy*mif"er*ous\ (s?-m?f"?r-?s), a. [Cyme + -ferous.]
Producing cymes.
Cymling \Cym"ling\, Cymbling \Cymb"ling\ (s?m"l?ng), n.
A scalloped or ``pattypan'' variety of summer squash.
Cymogene \Cy"mo*gene\ (s?"m?-j?n), n. (Chem.)
A highly volatile liquid, condensed by cold and pressure from
the first products of the distillation of petroleum; -- used
for producing low temperatures.
Cymoid \Cy"moid\ (s?"moid), a. [Cyme + -oid.] (Bot.)
Having the form of a cyme.
Cymophane \Cym"o*phane\ (s?m"?-f?n or s?"m?-), n. [Gr.??? wave +
??? To appear: cf. F. cymophane. So named in allusion to a
peculiar opalescence often seen in it.] (Min.)
See {Chrysoberyl}.
Cymophanous \Cy*moph"a*nous\ (s?-m?f"?-n?s or s?-), a.
Having a wavy, floating light; opalescent; chatoyant.
Cymose \Cy"mose\ (s?"m?s; 277), Cymous \Cy"mous\ (s?"m?s), a.
[L. cymosus full of shoots: cf. FF. cymeux. See Cyme.] (Bot.)
Having the nature of a cyme, or derived from a cyme; bearing,
or pertaining to, a cyme or cymes.
Cymric \Cym"ric\ (k?m"r?k), a. [W. Cymru Wales.]
Welsh. -- n. The Welsh language. [Written also {Kymric}.]
Cymry \Cym"ry\ (-r?), n. [W., pl.]
A collective term for the Welsh race; -- so called by
themselves . [{Written also Cymri}, {Cwmry}, {Kymry}, etc.]
Cymule \Cy"mule\ (s?"m?l), n. [Cf. L. cymula a tender sprout,
dim. of cyna. See {Cyme}.] (Bot.)
A small cyme, or one of very few flowers.
Cynanche \Cy*nan"che\ (s?-n?n"k?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ????? a dog's
collar, a bad kind of sore throat. Cf. {Quinsy}.] (Med.)
Any disease of the tonsils, throat, or windpipe, attended
with inflammation, swelling, and difficulty of breathing and
swallowing.
Cynanthropy \Cy*nan"thro*py\ (s?-n?n"thr?-p?), n. [Gr. ????? of
a dog-man; ????, ???, dog + ????? man: cf. F. cynanthropie.]
(Med.)
A kind of madness in which men fancy themselves changed into
dogs, and imitate the voice and habits of that animal.
Cynarctomachy \Cyn`arc*tom"a*chy\ (s?n`?rk-t?m"?-k?). n. [Gr.
????, ????, dog + ??? bear + ??? fight.]
Bear baiting with a dog. --Hudibras.
Cynarrhodium \Cyn`ar*rho"di*um\ (s?n`?r-r?"d?-?m), n. [NL., from
Gr. ????? dog-rose; ????, ???, dog + ??? rose.] (Bot.)
A fruit like that of the rose, consisting of a cup formed of
the calyx tube and receptacle, and containing achenes.
Cynegetics \Cyn`e*get"ics\ (s[i^]n`[-e]*j[e^]t"[i^]ks), n. [Gr.
kynhgetikh` (sc. te`chnh art), fr. kynhge`ths hunter; ky`wn,
kyno`s, dog + ??? to lead.]
The art of hunting with dogs.
Cynic \Cyn"ic\ (s[i^]n"[i^]k), Cynical \Cyn"ic*al\ (-[i^]*kal),
a. [L. cynicus of the sect of Cynics, fr. Gr. kyniko`s,
prop., dog-like, fr. ky`wn, kyno`s, dog. See {Hound}.]
1. Having the qualities of a surly dog; snarling; captious;
currish.
I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess
obligations where no benefit has been received.
--Johnson.
2. Pertaining to the Dog Star; as, the cynic, or Sothic,
year; cynic cycle.
3. Belonging to the sect of philosophers called cynics;
having the qualities of a cynic; pertaining to, or
resembling, the doctrines of the cynics.
4. Given to sneering at rectitude and the conduct of life by
moral principles; disbelieving in the reality of any human
purposes which are not suggested or directed by
self-interest or self-indulgence; as, a cynical man who
scoffs at pretensions of integrity; characterized by such
opinions; as, cynical views of human nature.
Note: In prose, cynical is used rather than cynic, in the
senses 1 and 4.
{Cynic spasm} (Med.), a convulsive contraction of the muscles
of one side of the face, producing a sort of grin,
suggesting certain movements in the upper lip of a dog.
Cynic \Cyn"ic\, n. (Gr. Philos)
1. One of a sect or school of philosophers founded by
Antisthenes, and of whom Diogenes was a disciple. The
first Cynics were noted for austere lives and their scorn
for social customs and current philosophical opinions.
Hence the term Cynic symbolized, in the popular judgment,
moroseness, and contempt for the views of others.
2. One who holds views resembling those of the Cynics; a
snarler; a misanthrope; particularly, a person who
believes that human conduct is directed, either
consciously or unconsciously, wholly by self-interest or
self-indulgence, and that appearances to the contrary are
superficial and untrustworthy.
He could obtain from one morose cynic, whose opinion
it was impossible to despise, scarcely any not
acidulated with scorn. --Macaulay.
Cynically \Cyn"ic*al*ly\ (s[i^]n"[i^]*kal*l[y^]), adv.
In a cynical manner.
Cynicalness \Cyn"ic*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being cynical.
Cynicism \Cyn"i*cism\ (s[i^]n"[i^]*s[i^]z'm), n.
The doctrine of the Cynics; the quality of being cynical; the
mental state, opinions, or conduct, of a cynic; morose and
contemptuous views and opinions.
Cynoidea \Cy*noi"de*a\ (s?-noi"d?-a), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ???,
???, a dog + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Carnivora, including the dogs, wolves, and
foxes.
Cynorexia \Cyn`o*rex"i*a\ (s?n`?-r?ks"?-?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
????, ???, dog + ????? appetite. ] (Med.)
A voracious appetite, like that of a starved dog.
Cynosural \Cy`no*su"ral\ (s?`n?-sh?"ral or s?n`?-), a.
Of or pertaining to a cynosure.
Cynosure \Cy"no*sure\ (s?"n?-sh?r or s?n"?-sh?r; 277), n. [L.
Cynosura theconstellation Cynosure, Gr. ????? dog's tail, the
constellation Cynosure; ????, ????, dog + ???? tail.
See{Cynic}.]
1. The constellation of the Lesser Bear, to which, as
containing the polar star, the eyes of mariners and
travelers were often directed.
2. That which serves to direct. --Southey.
3. Anything to which attention is strongly turned; a center
of attraction.
Where perhaps some beauty lies, The cynosure of
neighboring eyes. --Milton.
Cyon \Cy"on\ (s?"?n), n.
See {Cion}, and {Scion}.
Cyperaceous \Cyp`er*a"ceous\ (s?p`?r-?"sh?s or s?`p?r-), a.
(Bot.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a large family of plants of
which the sedge is the type.
Cyperus \Cyp"e*rus\ (s?p"?-r?s), n. [NL., from Gr. ???? sedge.]
(Bot.)
A large genus of plants belonging to the Sedge family, and
including the species called galingale, several bulrushes,
and the Egyptian papyrus.
Cypher \Cy"pher\ (s?"f?r), n. & v.
See {Cipher}.
Cyphonautes \Cyph`o*nau"tes\ (s?f`?-n?"t?z), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
??? bent + ???? sailor.] (Zo["o]l.)
The free-swimming, bivalve larva of certain Bryozoa.
Cyphonism \Cyph"o*nism\ (s?f`?-n?z'm or s?"f?-), n. [Gr. ????,
fr. ???? a crooked piece of wood, a sort of pillory, fr. ???
bent, stooping.]
A punishment sometimes used by the ancients, consisting in
the besmearing of the criminal with honey, and exposing him
to insects. It is still in use among some Oriental nations.
Cypraea \Cy*pr[ae]"a\ (s?-pr?"?), n. [NL.; cf. Gr. ???? a name
of Venus.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of mollusks, including the cowries. See {Cowrie}.
Cypres \Cy`pres"\ (s?`pr?" or s?`pr?s"), n. [OF., nearly.] (Law)
A rule for construing written instruments so as to conform as
nearly to the intention of the parties as is consistent with
law. --Mozley & W.
Cypress \Cy"press\ (s?"pr?s), n.; pl. {Cypresses} (-?z). [OE.
cipres, cipresse, OF. cipres, F. cypr?s, L. cupressus,
cyparissus (cf. the usual Lat. form cupressus), fr. Gr. ????,
perh. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. g?pher, Gen. vi. 14.] (Bot)
A coniferous tree of the genus {Cupressus}. The species are
mostly evergreen, and have wood remarkable for its
durability.
Note: Among the trees called cypress are the common Oriental
cypress, {Cupressus sempervirens}, the evergreen
American cypress, {C. thyoides} (now called
{Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea}), and the deciduous
American cypress, {Taxodium distichum}. As having
anciently been used at funerals, and to adorn tombs,
the Oriental species is an emblem of mourning and
sadness.
{Cypress vine} (Bot.), a climbing plant with red or white
flowers ({Ipot[oe]a Quamoclit}, formerly {Quamoclit
vulgaris}).
Cyprian \Cyp"ri*an\ (s?p"r?-a]/>n), a. [L. Cyprius, fr. Cyprus,
Gr. ????, an island in the Mediterranean, renowned for the
worship of Venus.]
1. Belonging to Cyprus.
2. Of, pertaining, or conducing to, lewdness.
Cyprian \Cyp"ri*an\, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Cyprus, especially of ancient
Cyprus; a Cypriot.
2. A lewd woman; a harlot.
Cyprine \Cyp"rine\ (s?p"r?n or s?"pr?n), a. [Cf. {Cypress}.]
Of or pertaining to the cypress.
Cyprine \Cyp"rine\, a. [See {Cyprinoid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Cyprinoid.
Cyprinodont \Cy*prin"o*dont\ (s?-pr?n"?-d?nt), n. [Gr. ???? kind
of carp + ????, ????, a tooth.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the {Cyprinodontidae}, a family of fishes including
the killifishes or minnows. See {Minnow}.
Cyprinoid \Cyp"ri*noid\ (s?p"r?-noid), a. [Gr. ???? a kind of
carp + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like the carp ({Cyprinus}). -- n. One of the {Cyprinidae}, or
Carp family, as the goldfish, barbel, etc.
Cypriot \Cyp"ri*ot\ (s?p"r?-?t), n. [F. Cypriot, Chypriot.]
A native or inhabitant of Cyprus.
Cypripedium \Cyp`ri*pe"di*um\ (s?p`r?-p?"d?-?m), n. [NL., fr.
Cypris Venus + pes, pedis, foot.] (Bot.)
A genus of orchidaceous plants including the lady's slipper.
Cypris \Cy"pris\ (s?"pr?s), n.; pl. {Cyprides} (s?p"r?-d?z). [L.
Cypris, the Cyprian goddess Venus, Gr. Ky`pris. See
{Cyprian}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of small, bivalve, fresh-water Crustacea, belonging
to the Ostracoda; also, a member of this genus.
Cyprus \Cy"prus\ (s?"pr?s), n. [OE. cipres, cypirs; perh. so
named as being first manufactured in Cyprus. Cf. {Cipers}.]
A thin, transparent stuff, the same as, or corresponding to,
crape. It was either white or black, the latter being most
common, and used for mourning. [Obs.]
Lawn as white as driven snow, Cyprus black as e'er was
crow. --Shak.
Cypruslawn \Cy"prus*lawn`\ (-l?n`), n.
Same as {Cyprus}. --Milton.
Cypsela \Cyp"se*la\ (s?p"s?-l?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ???? any
hollow vessel.] (Bot.)
A one-seeded, one-celled, indehiscent fruit; an achene with
the calyx tube adherent.
Cypseliform \Cyp*sel"i*form\ (s?p-s?l"?-f?rm), a. [L. cypselus a
kind of swallow, Gr. ???? + -form.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like or belonging to the swifts ({Cypselid[ae]}.)
Cyrenaic \Cyr`e*na"ic\ (s?r`?-n?"?k or s?`r?-), a. [L.
Cyrenaicus, fr. Cyrene, in Libya.]
Pertaining to Cyrenaica, an ancient country of northern
Africa, and to Cyrene, its principal city; also, to a school
of philosophy founded by Aristippus, a native of Cyrene. --
n. A native of Cyrenaica; also, a disciple of the school of
Aristippus. See {Cyrenian}, n.
Cyrenian \Cy*re"ni*an\ (s?-r?"n?-a]/>n), a.
Pertaining to Cyrene, in Africa; Cyrenaic.
Cyrenian \Cy*re"ni*an\, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Cyrene.
2. One of a school of philosophers, established at Cyrene by
Aristippus, a disciple of Socrates. Their doctrines were
nearly the same as those of the Epicureans.
Cyriologic \Cyr`i*o*log"ic\ (s?r`?-?-l?j"?k or s?`r?-), a. [See
{Curiologic}.]
Relating to capital letters.
Cyrtostyle \Cyr"to*style\ (s?r"t?-st?l), n. [Gr. ???? bent + ???
pillar.] (Arch.)
A circular projecting portion.
Cyst \Cyst\ (s[i^]st), n. [Gr. ky`stis bladder, bag, pouch, fr.
ky`ein to be pregnant. Cf. {Cyme}.]
1. (Med.)
(a) A pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and
containing morbid matter, which is accidentally
developed in one of the natural cavities or in the
substance of an organ.
(b) In old authors, the urinary bladder, or the gall
bladder. [Written also {cystis}.]
2. (Bot.) One of the bladders or air vessels of certain
alg[ae], as of the great kelp of the Pacific, and common
rockweeds ({Fuci}) of our shores. --D. C. Eaton.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small capsule or sac of the kind in which many
immature entozoans exist in the tissues of living
animals; also, a similar form in Rotifera, etc.
(b) A form assumed by Protozoa in which they become
saclike and quiescent. It generally precedes the
production of germs. See {Encystment}.
Cysted \Cyst"ed\ (s?s"t?d), a.
Inclosed in a cyst.
Cystic \Cyst"ic\ (s?s"t?k), a. [Cf. F. cystique.]
1. Having the form of, or living in, a cyst; as, the cystic
entozoa.
2. Containing cysts; cystose; as, cystic sarcoma.
3. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or contained in, a cyst; esp.,
pertaining to, or contained in, either the urinary bladder
or the gall bladder.
{Cystic duct}, the duct from the gall bladder which unites
with the hepatic to form the common bile duct.
{Cystic worm} (Zo["o]l.), a larval tape worm, as the
cysticercus and echinococcus.
Cysticerce \Cys"ti*cerce\ (s?s"t?-s?rs), Cysticercus
\Cys`ti*cer"cus\ (-s?r"k?s), n. [NL. cysticercus, fr. Gr. ????
bladder + ???? tail: cf. F. cysticerque.] (Zo["o]l.)
The larval form of a tapeworm, having the head and neck of a
tapeworm attached to a saclike body filled with fluid; --
called also {bladder worm}, {hydatid}, and {measle} (as, pork
measle).
Note: These larvae live in the tissues of various living
animals, and, when swallowed by a suitable carnivorous
animal, develop into adult tapeworms in the intestine.
See {Measles}, 4, {Tapeworm}.
Cysticule \Cys"ti*cule\ (s?s"t?-k?l), n. [Dim. of cyst.] (Anat.)
An appendage of the vestibular ear sac of fishes. --Owen.
Cystid \Cys"tid\ (s?s"t?d), n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cystidea.
Cystidea \Cys*tid"e*a\ (s?s-t?d"?-?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ????
a bladder, pouch.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of Crinoidea, mostly fossils of the Paleozoic rocks.
They were usually roundish or egg-shaped, and often
unsymmetrical; some were sessile, others had short stems.
Cystidean \Cys*tid"e*an\ (-t?d"?-a]/>n), n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Cystidea.
Cystine \Cyst"ine\ (s?s"t?n; 104), n. [See {Cyst}.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
A white crystalline substance, {C3H7NSO2}, containing
sulphur, occuring as a constituent of certain rare urinary
calculi, and occasionally found as a sediment in urine.
Cystis \Cys"tis\ (s?s"t?s), n. [NL.]
A cyst. See {Cyst}.
Cystitis \Cys*ti"tis\ (s?s-t?"t?s), n. [Cyst + -itis: cf. F.
cystite.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the bladder.
Cystocarp \Cys"to*carp\ (s?s"t?-k?rp), n. [Gr. ???? bladder +
karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.)
A minute vesicle in a red seaweed, which contains the
reproductive spores.
Cystocele \Cys"to*cele\ (-s?l), n. [Gr. ???? bladder + ???
tumor: cf. F. cystocele.] (Med.)
Hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes; vesical
hernia.
Cystoid \Cys"toid\, Cystoidean \Cys*toid"e*an\, n.
Same as {Cystidean}.
Cystoidea \Cys*toi"de*a\ (s?s-toi"d?-?), n.
Same as {Cystidea}.
Cystolith \Cys"to*lith\ (s?s"t?-l?th), n. [Gr. ???? bladder +
-lith.]
1. (Bot.) A concretion of mineral matter within a leaf or
other part of a plant.
2. (Med.) A urinary calculus.
Cystolithic \Cys`to*lith"ic\ (-l?th"?k), a. (Med.)
Relating to stone in the bladder.
Cystoplast \Cys"to*plast\ (-pl?st), n. [Gr. ???? bladder + ???
to form.] (Biol.)
A nucleated cell having an envelope or cell wall, as a red
blood corpuscle or an epithelial cell; a cell concerned in
growth.
Cystose \Cyst"ose\ (s?s"t?s), a.
Containing, or resembling, a cyst or cysts; cystic; bladdery.
Cystotome \Cys"to*tome\ (s?s"t?-t?m), n. [Gr. ??? bladder + ????
to cut: cf. F. cystotome.] (Surg.)
A knife or instrument used in cystotomy.
Cystotomy \Cys*tot"o*my\ (s??s-t?t"?-m?), n. [Gr. ???? bladder +
???? to cut: cf. F. cystotomie.]
The act or practice of opening cysts; esp., the operation of
cutting into the bladder, as for the extraction of a
calculus.
Cytherean \Cyth`er*e"an\ (s?th`?r--?"an), a. [L. Cythereus, from
Cythera, Gr. ???, now Cerigo, an island in the [AE]gean Sea,
celebrated for the worship of Venus.]
Pertaining to the goddess Venus.
Cytoblast \Cy"to*blast\ (s?"t?-bl?st), n. [Gr. ???? hollow
vessel + -blast.] (Biol.)
The nucleus of a cell; the germinal or active spot of a
cellule, through or in which cell development takes place.
Cytoblastema \Cy`to*blas*te"ma\ (-bl?s-t?"m?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
??? hollow vessel + ???? growth.] (Biol.)
See {Protoplasm}.
Cytococcus \Cy`to*coc"cus\ (-k?k"k?s), n.; pl. {Cytococci}
(-s?). [NL., fr. Gr. ??? hollow vessel + ???? kernel.]
(Biol.)
The nucleus of the cytula or parent cell. --H[ae]ckel.
Cytode \Cy"tode\ (s?"t?d), n. [Gr. ???? hollow vessel, from
????. See {Cyst}.] (Biol.)
A nonnucleated mass of protoplasm, the supposed simplest form
of independent life differing from the amoeba, in which
nuclei are present.
Cytogenesis \Cy`to*gen"e*sis\ (s?`t?-j?n"?-s?s), n. [Gr. ????
hollow vessel + E. genesis.] (Biol.)
Development of cells in animal and vegetable organisms. See
{Gemmation}, {Budding}, {Karyokinesis}; also {Cell
development}, under {Cell}.
Cytogenic \Cy`to*gen"ic\ (s?`t?-j?n"?k), Cytogenetic
\Cy`to*ge*net"ic\ (-j?-n?t"?k), a. (Biol.)
Of or pertaining to cytogenesis or cell development.
Cytogenous \Cy*tog"e*nous\ (s?-t?j"?-n?s), a. (Anat.)
Producing cells; -- applied esp. to lymphatic, or adenoid,
tissue.
Cytogeny \Cy*tog"e*ny\ (-n?), n . (Biol.)
Cell production or development; cytogenesis.
Cytoid \Cy"toid\ (s?"toid), a. [Gr. ???? hollow vessel + -oid.]
(Physiol.)
Cell-like; -- applied to the corpuscles of lymph, blood,
chyle, etc.
Cytoplasm \Cy"to*plasm\ (s?"t?-pl?z'm), n. [Gr. ???? hollow
vessel + ???? a mold.] (Biol.)
The substance of the body of a cell, as distinguished from
the karyoplasma, or substance of the nucleus. --
{Cy`to*plas"mic} (-pl?z"m?k), a.
Cytula \Cyt"u*la\ (s?t"?-l?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ???? a hollow
vessel.] (Biol.)
The fertilized egg cell or parent cell, from the development
of which the child or other organism is formed. --H[ae]ckel.
Czar \Czar\ (z["a]r), n. [Russ. tsare, fr. L. Caesar C[ae]sar;
cf. OPol. czar, Pol. car. ]
A king; a chief; the title of the emperor of Russia. [Written
also {tzar}
.]
Czarevna \Cza*rev"na\ (z?-r?v"n?), n. [Russ. tsarevna.]
The title of the wife of the czarowitz.
Czarina \Cza*ri"na\ (z?-r?"n?), n. [Cf. G. Zarin, Czarin, fem.,
Russ. tsaritsa.]
The title of the empress of Russia.
Czarinian \Cza*rin"i*an\ (z?-r?n"?-an), a.
Of or pertaining to the czar or the czarina; czarish.
Czarish \Czar"ish\ (z?r"?sh), a.
Of or pertaining to the czar.
Czarowitz \Czar"o*witz\ (z?r"?-w?ts or t??r"?-v?ch), n.; pl.
{Czarowitzes} (-?z). [Russ. tsar['e]vich'.]
The title of the eldest son of the czar of Russia.
Czech \Czech\ (ch?k; 204), n.
1. One of the Czechs.
2. The language of the Czechs (often called Bohemian), the
harshest and richest of the Slavic languages.
Czechic \Czech"ic\ (ch?k"?k), a.
Of or pertaining to the Czechs. ``One Czechic realm.'' --The
Nation.
Czechs \Czechs\ (ch?ks), n. pl.; sing. {Czech}. [Named after
their chieftain, Czech.] (Ethnol.)
The most westerly branch of the great Slavic family of
nations, numbering now more than 6,000,000, and found
principally in Bohemia and Moravia.