E \E\ ([=e]).
1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet.
Note: It derives its form, name, and value from the Latin,
the form and value being further derived from the
Greek, into which it came from the Ph[oe]nician, and
ultimately, probably, from the Egyptian. Its
etymological relations are closest with the vowels i,
a, and o, as illustrated by to fall, to fell; man, pl.
men; drink, drank, drench; dint, dent; doom, deem;
goose, pl. geese; beef, OF. boef, L. bos; and E. cheer,
OF. chiere, LL. cara.
Note: The letter e has in English several vowel sounds, the
two principal being its long or name sound, as in eve,
me, and the short, as in end, best. Usually at the end
of words it is silent, but serves to indicate that the
preceding vowel has its long sound, where otherwise it
would be short, as in m[=a]ne, c[=a]ne, m[=e]te, which
without the final e would be pronounced m[a^]n, c[a^]n,
m[e^]t. After c and g, the final e indicates that these
letters are to be pronounced as s and j; respectively,
as in lace, rage. See Guide to Pronunciation,
[sect][sect] 74-97.
2. (Mus.) E is the third tone of the model diatonic scale.
E[flat] (E flat) is a tone which is intermediate between D
and E.
E- \E-\
A Latin prefix meaning out, out of, from; also, without. See
{Ex-}.
Each \Each\ ([=e]ch), a. or a. pron. [OE. eche, [ae]lc, elk,
ilk, AS. [ae]lc; [=a] always + gel[=i]c like; akin to OD.
iegelik, OHG. [=e]ogil[=i]h, MHG. iegel[=i]ch, G. jeglich.
[root]209. See 3d {Aye}, {Like}, and cf. {Either}, {Every},
{Ilk}.]
1. Every one of the two or more individuals composing a
number of objects, considered separately from the rest. It
is used either with or without a following noun; as, each
of you or each one of you. ``Each of the combatants.''
--Fielding.
Note: To each corresponds other. ``Let each esteem other
better than himself.'' Each other, used elliptically
for each the other. It is our duty to assist each
other; that is, it is our duty, each to assist the
other, each being in the nominative and other in the
objective case.
It is a bad thing that men should hate each
other; but it is far worse that they should
contract the habit of cutting one another's
throats without hatred. --Macaulay.
Let each His adamantine coat gird well. --Milton.
In each cheek appears a pretty dimple. --Shak.
Then draw we nearer day by day, Each to his
brethren, all to God. --Keble.
The oak and the elm have each a distinct
character. --Gilpin.
2. Every; -- sometimes used interchangeably with every.
--Shak.
I know each lane and every alley green. --Milton.
In short each man's happiness depends upon himself.
--Sterne.
Note: This use of each for every, though common in Scotland
and in America, is now un-English. --Fitzed. Hall.
Syn: See {Every}.
Eachwhere \Each"where`\, adv.
Everywhere. [Obs.]
The sky eachwhere did show full bright and fair.
--Spenser.
Eadish \Ead"ish\, n.
See {Eddish}.
Eager \Ea"ger\, a. [OE. egre sharp, sour, eager, OF. agre,
aigre, F. aigre, fr. L. acer sharp, sour, spirited, zealous;
akin to Gr. ? highest, extreme, Skr. a?ra point; fr. a root
signifying to be sharp. Cf. {Acrid}, {Edge}.]
1. Sharp; sour; acid. [Obs.] ``Like eager droppings into
milk.'' --Shak.
2. Sharp; keen; bitter; severe. [Obs.] ``A nipping and an
eager air.'' ``Eager words.'' --Shak.
3. Excited by desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to
pursue, perform, or obtain; keenly desirous; hotly
longing; earnest; zealous; impetuous; vehement; as, the
hounds were eager in the chase.
And gazed for tidings in my eager eyes. --Shak.
How eagerly ye follow my disgraces! --Shak.
When to her eager lips is brought Her infant's
thrilling kiss. --Keble.
A crowd of eager and curious schoolboys.
--Hawthorne.
Conceit and grief an eager combat fight. --Shak.
4. Brittle; inflexible; not ductile. [Obs.]
Gold will be sometimes so eager, as artists call it,
that it will as little endure the hammer as glass
itself. --Locke.
Syn: Earnest; ardent; vehement; hot; impetuous; fervent;
intense; impassioned; zealous; forward.
Usage: See {Earnest}. -- {Eager}, {Earnest}. Eager marks an
excited state of desire or passion; thus, a child is
eager for a plaything, a hungry man is eager for food,
a covetous man is eager for gain. Eagerness is liable
to frequent abuses, and is good or bad, as the case
may be. It relates to what is praiseworthy or the
contrary. Earnest denotes a permanent state of mind,
feeling, or sentiment. It is always taken in a good
sense; as, a preacher is earnest in his appeals to the
conscience; an agent is earnest in his solicitations.
Eager \Ea"ger\, n.
Same as {Eagre}.
Eagerly \Ea"ger*ly\, adv.
In an eager manner.
Eagerness \Ea"ger*ness\, n.
1. The state or quality of being eager; ardent desire. ``The
eagerness of love.'' --Addison.
2. Tartness; sourness. [Obs.]
Syn: Ardor; vehemence; earnestness; impetuosity; heartiness;
fervor; fervency; avidity; zeal; craving; heat; passion;
greediness.
Eagle \Ea"gle\, n. [OE. egle, F. aigle, fr. L. aquila; prob.
named from its color, fr. aquilus dark-colored, brown; cf.
Lith. aklas blind. Cf. {Aquiline}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any large, rapacious bird of the Falcon family,
esp. of the genera {Aquila} and {Hali[ae]etus}. The eagle
is remarkable for strength, size, graceful figure,
keenness of vision, and extraordinary flight. The most
noted species are the golden eagle ({Aquila
chrysa["e]tus}); the imperial eagle of Europe ({A.
mogilnik or imperialis}); the American bald eagle
({Hali[ae]etus leucocephalus}); the European sea eagle
({H. albicilla}); and the great harpy eagle ({Thrasaetus
harpyia}). The figure of the eagle, as the king of birds,
is commonly used as an heraldic emblem, and also for
standards and emblematic devices. See {Bald eagle},
{Harpy}, and {Golden eagle}.
2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten
dollars.
3. (Astron.) A northern constellation, containing Altair, a
star of the first magnitude. See {Aquila}.
4. The figure of an eagle borne as an emblem on the standard
of the ancient Romans, or so used upon the seal or
standard of any people.
Though the Roman eagle shadow thee. --Tennyson.
Note: Some modern nations, as the United States, and France
under the Bonapartes, have adopted the eagle as their
national emblem. Russia, Austria, and Prussia have for
an emblem a double-headed eagle.
{Bald eagle}. See {Bald eagle}.
{Bold eagle}. See under {Bold}.
{Double eagle}, a gold coin of the United States worth twenty
dollars.
{Eagle hawk} (Zo["o]l.), a large, crested, South American
hawk of the genus {Morphnus}.
{Eagle owl} (Zo["o]l.), any large owl of the genus {Bubo},
and allied genera; as the American great horned owl ({Bubo
Virginianus}), and the allied European species ({B.
maximus}). See {Horned owl}.
{Eagle ray} (Zo["o]l.), any large species of ray of the genus
{Myliobatis} (esp. {M. aquila}).
{Eagle vulture} (Zo["o]l.), a large West African bid
({Gypohierax Angolensis}), intermediate, in several
respects, between the eagles and vultures.
Eagle-eyed \Ea"gle-eyed`\, a.
Sharp-sighted as an eagle. ``Inwardly eagle-eyed.'' --Howell.
Eagle-sighted \Ea"gle-sight`ed\, a.
Farsighted and strong-sighted; sharp-sighted. --Shak.
Eagless \Ea"gless\, n. [Cf. OF. aiglesse.] (Zo["o]l.)
A female or hen eagle. [R.] --Sherwood.
Eaglestone \Ea"gle*stone\, n. (Min.)
A concretionary nodule of clay ironstone, of the size of a
walnut or larger, so called by the ancients, who believed
that the eagle transported these stones to her nest to
facilitate the laying of her eggs; a["e]tites.
Eaglet \Ea"glet\, n. [Cf. OF. aiglet.] (Zo["o]l.)
A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle.
Eagle-winged \Ea"gle-winged`\, a.
Having the wings of an eagle; swift, or soaring high, like an
eagle. --Shak.
Eaglewood \Ea"gle*wood`\, n. [From Skr. aguru, through Pg.
aguila; cf. F. bois d'aigle.]
A kind of fragrant wood. See {Agallochum}.
Eagrass \Ea"grass\, n.
See {Eddish}. [Obs.]
Eagre \Ea"gre\, n. [AS. e['a]gor, ?gor, in comp., water, sea,
e['a]gor-stre['a]m water stream, sea.]
A wave, or two or three successive waves, of great height and
violence, at flood tide moving up an estuary or river; --
commonly called the bore. See {Bore}.
Ealderman \Eal"der*man\, Ealdorman \Eal"dor*man\, n.
An alderman. [Obs.]
Eale \Eale\, n. [See {Ale}.]
Ale. [Obs.] --Shak.
Eame \Eame\, n. [AS. e['a]m; akin to D. oom, G. ohm, oheim; cf.
L. avunculus.]
Uncle. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Ean \Ean\, v. t. & i. [AS. e['a]nian. See {Yean}.]
To bring forth, as young; to yean. ``In eaning time.''
--Shak.
Eanling \Ean"ling\, n. [See {Ean}, {Yeanling}.]
A lamb just brought forth; a yeanling. --Shak.
Ear \Ear\, n. [AS. e['a]re; akin to OFries. ['a]re, ['a]r, OS.
?ra, D. oor, OHG. ?ra, G. ohr, Icel. eyra, Sw. ["o]ra, Dan.
["o]re, Goth. auso, L. auris, Lith. ausis, Russ. ukho, Gr. ?;
cf. L. audire to hear, Gr. ?, Skr. av to favor, protect. Cf.
{Auricle}, {Orillon}.]
1. The organ of hearing; the external ear.
Note: In man and the higher vertebrates, the organ of hearing
is very complicated, and is divisible into three parts:
the external ear, which includes the pinna or auricle
and meatus or external opening; the middle ear, drum,
or tympanum; and the internal ear, or labyrinth. The
middle ear is a cavity connected by the Eustachian tube
with the pharynx, separated from the opening of the
external ear by the tympanic membrane, and containing a
chain of three small bones, or ossicles, named malleus,
incus, and stapes, which connect this membrane with the
internal ear. The essential part of the internal ear
where the fibers of the auditory nerve terminate, is
the membranous labyrinth, a complicated system of sacs
and tubes filled with a fluid (the endolymph), and
lodged in a cavity, called the bony labyrinth, in the
periotic bone. The membranous labyrinth does not
completely fill the bony labyrinth, but is partially
suspended in it in a fluid (the perilymph). The bony
labyrinth consists of a central cavity, the vestibule,
into which three semicircular canals and the canal of
the cochlea (spirally coiled in mammals) open. The
vestibular portion of the membranous labyrinth consists
of two sacs, the utriculus and sacculus, connected by a
narrow tube, into the former of which three membranous
semicircular canals open, while the latter is connected
with a membranous tube in the cochlea containing the
organ of Corti. By the help of the external ear the
sonorous vibrations of the air are concentrated upon
the tympanic membrane and set it vibrating, the chain
of bones in the middle ear transmits these vibrations
to the internal ear, where they cause certain delicate
structures in the organ of Corti, and other parts of
the membranous labyrinth, to stimulate the fibers of
the auditory nerve to transmit sonorous impulses to the
brain.
2. The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power
of discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear
for music; -- in the singular only.
Songs . . . not all ungrateful to thine ear.
--Tennyson.
3. That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an
animal; any prominence or projection on an object, --
usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle;
as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or dish. The ears of a
boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. See Illust. of
{Bell}.
4. (Arch.)
(a) Same as {Acroterium}.
(b) Same as {Crossette}.
5. Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention.
Dionysius . . . would give no ear to his suit.
--Bacon.
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.
--Shak.
{About the ears}, in close proximity to; near at hand.
{By the ears}, in close contest; as, to set by the ears; to
fall together by the ears; to be by the ears.
{Button ear} (in dogs), an ear which falls forward and
completely hides the inside.
{Ear finger}, the little finger.
{Ear of Dionysius}, a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible
tube; -- named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a
device to overhear the prisoners in his dungeons.
{Ear sand} (Anat.), otoliths. See {Otolith}.
{Ear snail} (Zo["o]l.), any snail of the genus {Auricula} and
allied genera.
{Ear stones} (Anat.), otoliths. See {Otolith}.
{Ear trumpet}, an instrument to aid in hearing. It consists
of a tube broad at the outer end, and narrowing to a
slender extremity which enters the ear, thus collecting
and intensifying sounds so as to assist the hearing of a
partially deaf person.
{Ear vesicle} (Zo["o]l.), a simple auditory organ, occurring
in many worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac
containing a fluid and one or more solid concretions or
otocysts.
{Rose ear} (in dogs), an ear which folds backward and shows
part of the inside.
{To give ear to}, to listen to; to heed, as advice or one
advising. ``Give ear unto my song.'' --Goldsmith.
{To have one's ear}, to be listened to with favor.
{Up to the ears}, deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as,
to be in trouble up to one's ears. [Colloq.]
Ear \Ear\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Earing}.]
To take in with the ears; to hear. [Sportive] ``I eared her
language.'' --Two Noble Kinsmen.
Ear \Ear\, n. [AS. ear; akin to D. aar, OHG. ahir, G. ["a]hre,
Icel., Sw., & Dan. ax, Goth. ahs. ???. Cf. {Awn}, {Edge}.]
The spike or head of any cereal (as, wheat, rye, barley,
Indian corn, etc.), containing the kernels.
First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn
in the ear. --Mark iv. 28.
Ear \Ear\, v. i.
To put forth ears in growing; to form ears, as grain; as,
this corn ears well.
Ear \Ear\, v. t. [OE. erien, AS. erian; akin to OFries. era,
OHG. erran, MHG. eren, ern, Prov. G. aren, ["a]ren, Icel.
erja, Goth. arjan, Lith. arti, OSlav. orati, L. arare, Gr. ?.
Cf. {Arable}.]
To plow or till; to cultivate. ``To ear the land.'' --Shak.
Earable \Ear"a*ble\, a.
Arable; tillable. [Archaic]
Earache \Ear"ache`\, n.
Ache or pain in the ear.
Earal \Ear"al\, a.
Receiving by the ear. [Obs.] --Hewyt.
Ear-bored \Ear"-bored`\, a.
Having the ear perforated.
Earcap \Ear"cap`\, n.
A cap or cover to protect the ear from cold.
Earcockle \Ear"coc`kle\, n. (Bot.)
A disease in wheat, in which the blackened and contracted
grain, or ear, is filled with minute worms.
Eardrop \Ear"drop`\, n.
1. A pendant for the ear; an earring; as, a pair of eardrops.
2. (Bot.) A species of primrose. See {Auricula}.
Eardrum \Ear"drum`\, n. (Anat.)
The tympanum. See Illust. of {Ear}.
Eared \Eared\, a.
1. Having (such or so many) ears; -- used in composition; as,
long-eared-eared; sharp-eared; full-eared; ten-eared.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having external ears; having tufts of feathers
resembling ears.
{Eared owl} (Zo["o]l.), an owl having earlike tufts of
feathers, as the {long-eared owl}, and {short-eared owl}.
{Eared seal} (Zo["o]l.), any seal of the family
{Otariid[ae]}, including the fur seals and hair seals. See
{Seal}.
Eariness \Ear"i*ness\, n. [Scotch ery or eiry affected with
fear.]
Fear or timidity, especially of something supernatural.
[Written also {eiryness}.]
The sense of eariness, as twilight came on. --De
Quincey.
Earing \Ear"ing\, n. (Naut.)
(a) A line used to fasten the upper corners of a sail to the
yard or gaff; -- also called {head earing}.
(b) A line for hauling the reef cringle to the yard; -- also
called reef earing.
(c) A line fastening the corners of an awning to the rigging
or stanchions.
Earing \Ear"ing\, n.
Coming into ear, as corn.
Earing \Ear"ing\, n.
A plowing of land. [Archaic]
Neither earing nor harvest. --Gen. xlv. 6.
Earl \Earl\, n. [OE. eorl, erl, AS. eorl man, noble; akin to OS.
erl boy, man, Icel. jarl nobleman, count, and possibly to Gr.
? male, Zend arshan man. Cf. {Jarl}.]
A nobleman of England ranking below a marquis, and above a
viscount. The rank of an earl corresponds to that of a count
(comte) in France, and graf in Germany. Hence the wife of an
earl is still called countess. See {Count}.
Earl \Earl\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The needlefish. [Ireland]
Earlap \Ear"lap`\, n.
The lobe of the ear.
Earldom \Earl"dom\, n. [AS. eorl-d?m; eorl man, noble + -d?m
-dom.]
1. The jurisdiction of an earl; the territorial possessions
of an earl.
2. The status, title, or dignity of an earl.
He [Pulteney] shrunk into insignificancy and an
earldom. --Chesterfield.
Earldorman \Earl"dor*man\, n.
Alderman. [Obs.]
Earlduck \Earl"duck`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The red-breasted merganser ({Merganser serrator}).
Earles penny \Earles" pen`ny\ [Cf. {Arles}, 4th {Earnest}.]
Earnest money. Same as {Arles penny}. [Obs.]
Earless \Ear"less\, a.
Without ears; hence, deaf or unwilling to hear. --Pope.
Earlet \Ear"let\, n. [Ear + -let.]
An earring. [Obs.]
The Ismaelites were accustomed to wear golden earlets.
--Judg. viii.
24 (Douay
version).
Earliness \Ear"li*ness\, n.
The state of being early or forward; promptness.
Earl marshal \Earl" mar"shal\
An officer of state in England who marshals and orders all
great ceremonials, takes cognizance of matters relating to
honor, arms, and pedigree, and directs the proclamation of
peace and war. The court of chivalry was formerly under his
jurisdiction, and he is still the head of the herald's office
or college of arms.
Earlock \Ear"lock`\, n. [AS. e['a]r-locca.]
A lock or curl of hair near the ear; a lovelock. See
{Lovelock}.
Early \Ear"ly\ ([~e]r"l[y^]), adv. [OE. erli, erliche, AS.
[=ae]rl[=i]ce; [=ae]r sooner + l[=i]c like. See {Ere}, and
{Like}.]
Soon; in good season; seasonably; betimes; as, come early.
Those that me early shall find me. --Prov. viii.
17.
You must wake and call me early. --Tennyson.
Early \Ear"ly\, a. [Compar. {Earlier} ([~e]r"l[i^]*[~e]r);
superl. {Earliest}.] [OE. earlich. [root]204. See {Early},
adv.]
1. In advance of the usual or appointed time; in good season;
prior in time; among or near the first; -- opposed to
{late}; as, the early bird; an early spring; early fruit.
Early and provident fear is the mother of safety.
--Burke.
The doorsteps and threshold with the early grass
springing up about them. --Hawthorne.
2. Coming in the first part of a period of time, or among the
first of successive acts, events, etc.
Seen in life's early morning sky. --Keble.
The forms of its earlier manhood. --Longfellow.
The earliest poem he composed was in his seventeenth
summer. --J. C.
Shairp.
{Early English} (Philol.) See the Note under {English}.
{Early English architecture}, the first of the pointed or
Gothic styles used in England, succeeding the Norman style
in the 12th and 13th centuries.
Syn: Forward; timely; not late; seasonable.
Earmark \Ear"mark`\, n.
1. A mark on the ear of sheep, oxen, dogs, etc., as by
cropping or slitting.
2. A mark for identification; a distinguishing mark.
Money is said to have no earmark. --Wharton.
Flying, he [a slave] should be described by the
rounding of his head, and his earmark. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
A set of intellectual ideas . . . have earmarks upon
them, no tokens of a particular proprietor.
--Burrow.
Earmark \Ear"mark`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Earmarked}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Earmarking}.]
To mark, as sheep, by cropping or slitting the ear.
Earn \Earn\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Ern}, n. --Sir W. Scott.
Earn \Earn\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Earned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Earning}.] [AS. earnian; akin to OHG. arn?n to reap, aran
harvest, G. ernte, Goth. asans harvest, asneis hireling, AS.
esne; cf. Icel. ["o]nn working season, work.]
1. To merit or deserve, as by labor or service; to do that
which entitles one to (a reward, whether the reward is
received or not).
The high repute Which he through hazard huge must
earn. --Milton.
2. To acquire by labor, service, or performance; to deserve
and receive as compensation or wages; as, to earn a good
living; to earn honors or laurels.
I earn that [what] I eat. --Shak.
The bread I have earned by the hazard of my life or
the sweat of my brow. --Burke.
{Earned run} (Baseball), a run which is made without the
assistance of errors on the opposing side.
Syn: See {Obtain}.
Earn \Earn\, v. t. & i. [See 1st {Yearn}.]
To grieve. [Obs.]
Earn \Earn\, v. i. [See 4th {Yearn}.]
To long; to yearn. [Obs.]
And ever as he rode, his heart did earn To prove his
puissance in battle brave. --Spenser.
Earn \Earn\, v. i. [AS. irnan to run. [root]11. See {Rennet},
and cf. {Yearnings}.]
To curdle, as milk. [Prov. Eng.]
Earnest \Ear"nest\, n. [AS. eornost, eornest; akin to OHG.
ernust, G. ernst; cf. Icel. orrosta battle, perh. akin to Gr.
? to excite, L. oriri to rise.]
Seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness;
intentness.
Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to
earnest. --Sir P.
Sidney.
And given in earnest what I begged in jest. --Shak.
{In earnest}, serious; seriously; not in jest; earnestly.
Earnest \Ear"nest\, a.
1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain or do;
zealous with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt;
fervent; hearty; -- used in a good sense; as, earnest
prayers.
An earnest advocate to plead for him. --Shak.
2. Intent; fixed closely; as, earnest attention.
3. Serious; important. [Obs.]
They whom earnest lets do often hinder. --Hooker.
Syn: Eager; warm; zealous; ardent; animated; importunate;
fervent; sincere; serious; hearty; urgent. See {Eager}.
Earnest \Ear"nest\, v. t.
To use in earnest. [R.]
To earnest them [our arms] with men. --Pastor Fido
(1602).
Earnest \Ear"nest\, n. [Prob. corrupted fr. F. arrhes, L. arra,
arrha, arrhabo, Gr. 'arrabw`n, of Semitic origin, cf. Heb.
[=e]r[=a]v[=o]n; or perh. fr. W. ernes, akin to Gael. earlas,
perh. fr. L. arra. Cf. {Arles}, {Earles penny}.]
1. Something given, or a part paid beforehand, as a pledge;
pledge; handsel; a token of what is to come.
Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of
the Spirit in our hearts. --2 Cor. i.
22.
And from his coffers Received the golden earnest of
our death. --Shak.
2. (Law) Something of value given by the buyer to the seller,
by way of token or pledge, to bind the bargain and prove
the sale. --Kent. Ayliffe. Benjamin.
{Earnest money} (Law), money paid as earnest, to bind a
bargain or to ratify and prove a sale.
Syn: {Earnest}, {Pledge}.
Usage: These words are here compared as used in their
figurative sense. Earnest is not so strong as pledge.
An earnest, like first fruits, gives assurance, or at
least a high probability, that more is coming of the
same kind; a pledge, like money deposited, affords
security and ground of reliance for the future.
Washington gave earnest of his talent as commander by
saving his troops after Braddock's defeat; his
fortitude and that of his soldiers during the winter
at Valley Forge might rightly be considered a pledge
of their ultimate triumph.
Earnestful \Ear"nest*ful\, a.
Serious. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Earnestly \Ear"nest*ly\, adv.
In an earnest manner.
Earnestness \Ear"nest*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being earnest; intentness; anxiety.
An honest earnestness in the young man's manner. --W.
Irving.
Earnful \Earn"ful\, a. [From {Earn} to yearn.]
Full of anxiety or yearning. [Obs.] --P. Fletcher.
Earning \Earn"ing\, n.; pl. {Earnings}.
That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money
earned; -- used commonly in the plural.
As to the common people, their stock is in their
persons and in their earnings. --Burke.
Earpick \Ear"pick`\, n.
An instrument for removing wax from the ear.
Ear-piercer \Ear"-pier`cer\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The earwig.
Earreach \Ear"reach`\, n.
Earshot. --Marston.
Earring \Ear"ring`\, n.
An ornament consisting of a ring passed through the lobe of
the ear, with or without a pendant.
Earsh \Earsh\, n.
See {Arrish}.
Ear-shell \Ear"-shell`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A flattened marine univalve shell of the genus {Haliotis}; --
called also {sea-ear}. See {Abalone}.
Earshot \Ear"shot`\, n.
Reach of the ear; distance at which words may be heard.
--Dryden.
Earshrift \Ear"shrift`\, n.
A nickname for auricular confession; shrift. [Obs.]
--Cartwright.
Earsore \Ear"sore`\, n.
An annoyance to the ear. [R.]
The perpetual jangling of the chimes . . . is no small
earsore ?s. --Sir T.
Browne.
Ear-splitting \Ear"-split`ting\, a.
Deafening; disagreeably loud or shrill; as, ear-splitting
strains.
Earst \Earst\, adv.
See {Erst}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Earth \Earth\, n. [AS. eor?e; akin to OS. ertha, OFries. irthe,
D. aarde, OHG. erda, G. erde, Icel. j["o]r?, Sw. & Dan. jord,
Goth. a[=i]rpa, OHG. ero, Gr. ?, adv., to earth, and perh. to
E. ear to plow.]
1. The globe or planet which we inhabit; the world, in
distinction from the sun, moon, or stars. Also, this world
as the dwelling place of mortals, in distinction from the
dwelling place of spirits.
That law preserves the earth a sphere And guides the
planets in their course. --S. Rogers.
In heaven, or earth, or under earth, in hell.
--Milton.
2. The solid materials which make up the globe, in
distinction from the air or water; the dry land.
God called the dry land earth. --Gen. i. 10.
He is pure air and fire, and the dull elements of
earth and water never appear in him. --Shak.
3. The softer inorganic matter composing part of the surface
of the globe, in distinction from the firm rock; soil of
all kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, and the like;
sometimes, soil favorable to the growth of plants; the
visible surface of the globe; the ground; as, loose earth;
rich earth.
Give him a little earth for charity. --Shak.
4. A part of this globe; a region; a country; land.
Would I had never trod this English earth. --Shak.
5. Worldly things, as opposed to spiritual things; the
pursuits, interests, and allurements of this life.
Our weary souls by earth beguiled. --Keble.
6. The people on the globe.
The whole earth was of one language. --Gen. xi. 1.
7. (Chem.)
(a) Any earthy-looking metallic oxide, as alumina,
glucina, zirconia, yttria, and thoria.
(b) A similar oxide, having a slight alkaline reaction, as
lime, magnesia, strontia, baryta.
8. A hole in the ground, where an animal hides himself; as,
the earth of a fox. --Macaulay.
They [ferrets] course the poor conies out of their
earths. --Holland.
Note: Earth is used either adjectively or in combination to
form compound words; as, earth apple or earth-apple;
earth metal or earth-metal; earth closet or
earth-closet.
{Adamic earth}, {Bitter earth}, {Bog earth}, {Chian earth},
etc. See under {Adamic}, {Bitter}, etc.
{Alkaline earths}. See under {Alkaline}.
{Earth apple}. (Bot.)
(a) A potato.
(b) A cucumber.
{Earth auger}, a form of auger for boring into the ground; --
called also {earth borer}.
{Earth bath}, a bath taken by immersing the naked body in
earth for healing purposes.
{Earth battery} (Physics), a voltaic battery the elements of
which are buried in the earth to be acted on by its
moisture.
{Earth chestnut}, the pignut.
{Earth closet}, a privy or commode provided with dry earth or
a similar substance for covering and deodorizing the
f[ae]cal discharges.
{Earth dog} (Zo["o]l.), a dog that will dig in the earth, or
enter holes of foxes, etc.
{Earth hog}, {Earth pig} (Zo["o]l.), the aard-vark.
{Earth hunger}, an intense desire to own land, or, in the
case of nations, to extend their domain.
{Earth light} (Astron.), the light reflected by the earth, as
upon the moon, and corresponding to moonlight; -- called
also {earth shine}. --Sir J. Herschel.
{Earth metal}. See 1st {Earth}, 7. (Chem.)
{Earth oil}, petroleum.
{Earth pillars} or {pyramids} (Geol.), high pillars or
pyramids of earth, sometimes capped with a single stone,
found in Switzerland. --Lyell.
{Earth pitch} (Min.), mineral tar, a kind of asphaltum.
{Earth quadrant}, a fourth of the earth's circumference.
{Earth table} (Arch.), the lowest course of stones visible in
a building; the ground table.
{On earth}, an intensive expression, oftenest used in
questions and exclamations; as, What on earth shall I do?
Nothing on earth will satisfy him. [Colloq.]
Earth \Earth\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Earthed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Earthing}.]
1. To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a
burrow or den. ``The fox is earthed.'' --Dryden.
2. To cover with earth or mold; to inter; to bury; --
sometimes with up.
The miser earths his treasure, and the thief,
Watching the mole, half beggars him ere noon.
--Young.
Why this in earthing up a carcass? --R. Blair.
Earth \Earth\, v. i.
To burrow. --Tickell.
Earth \Earth\, n. [From {Ear} to plow.]
A plowing. [Obs.]
Such land as ye break up for barley to sow, Two earths
at the least, ere ye sow it, bestow. --Tusser.
Earthbag \Earth"bag`\, n. (Mil.)
A bag filled with earth, used commonly to raise or repair a
parapet.
Earthbank \Earth"bank`\, n.
A bank or mound of earth.
Earthboard \Earth"board`\, n. (Agric.)
The part of a plow, or other implement, that turns over the
earth; the moldboard.
Earthborn \Earth"born`\, a.
1. Born of the earth; terrigenous; springing originally from
the earth; human.
Some earthborn giant. --Milton.
2. Relating to, or occasioned by, earthly objects.
All earthborn cares are wrong. --Goldsmith.
Earthbred \Earth"bred`\, a.
Low; grovelling; vulgar.
Earthdin \Earth"din`\, n.
An earthquake. [Obs.]
Earthdrake \Earth"drake`\, n.
A mythical monster of the early Anglo-Saxon literature; a
dragon. --W. Spalding.
Earthen \Earth"en\, a.
Made of earth; made of burnt or baked clay, or other like
substances; as, an earthen vessel or pipe.
Earthen-hearted \Earth"en-heart`ed\, a.
Hard-hearted; sordid; gross. [Poetic] --Lowell.
Earthenware \Earth"en*ware`\, n.
Vessels and other utensils, ornaments, or the like, made of
baked clay. See {Crockery}, {Pottery}, {Stoneware}, and
{Porcelain}.
Earth flax \Earth" flax`\ (Min.)
A variety of asbestus. See {Amianthus}.
Earthfork \Earth"fork`\, n.
A pronged fork for turning up the earth.
Earthiness \Earth"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being earthy, or of containing earth;
hence, grossness.
Earthliness \Earth"li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being earthly; worldliness;
grossness; perishableness.
Earthling \Earth"ling\, n. [Earth + -ling.]
An inhabitant of the earth; a mortal.
Earthlings oft her deemed a deity. --Drummond.
Earthly \Earth"ly\, a.
1. Pertaining to the earth; belonging to this world, or to
man's existence on the earth; not heavenly or spiritual;
carnal; worldly; as, earthly joys; earthly flowers;
earthly praise.
This earthly load Of death, called life. --Milton.
Whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly
things. --Phil. iii.
19.
2. Of all things on earth; possible; conceivable.
What earthly benefit can be the result? --Pope.
3. Made of earth; earthy. [Obs.] --Holland.
Syn: Gross; material; sordid; mean; base; vile; low;
unsubstantial; temporary; corrupt; groveling.
Earthly \Earth"ly\, adv.
In the manner of the earth or its people; worldly.
Took counsel from his guiding eyes To make this wisdom
earthly wise. --Emerson.
Earthly-minded \Earth"ly-mind`ed\, a.
Having a mind devoted to earthly things; worldly-minded; --
opposed to {spiritual-minded}. -- {Earth"ly-mind`ed*ness}, n.
Earthmad \Earth"mad`\, n. [Earth + mad an earthworm.] (Zo["o]l.)
The earthworm. [Obs.]
The earthmads and all the sorts of worms . . . are
without eyes. --Holland.
Earthnut \Earth"nut`\, n. (Bot.)
A name given to various roots, tubers, or pods grown under or
on the ground; as to:
(a) The esculent tubers of the umbelliferous plants {Bunium
flexuosum} and {Carum Bulbocastanum}.
(b) The peanut. See {Peanut}.
Earthpea \Earth"pea`\, n. (Bot.)
A species of pea ({Amphicarp[ae]a monoica}). It is a climbing
leguminous plant, with hairy underground pods.
Earthquake \Earth"quake`\, n.
A shaking, trembling, or concussion of the earth, due to
subterranean causes, often accompanied by a rumbling noise.
The wave of shock sometimes traverses half a hemisphere,
destroying cities and many thousand lives; -- called also
{earthdin}, {earthquave}, and {earthshock}.
{Earthquake alarm}, a bell signal constructed to operate on
the theory that a few seconds before the occurrence of an
earthquake the magnet temporarily loses its power.
Earthquake \Earth"quake`\, a.
Like, or characteristic of, an earthquake; loud; starling.
The earthquake voice of victory. --Byron.
Earthquave \Earth"quave`\, n.
An earthquake.
Earth shine \Earth" shine`\
See {Earth light}, under {Earth}.
Earthshock \Earth"shock`\, n.
An earthquake.
Earthstar \Earth"star`\, n. (Bot.)
A curious fungus of the genus {Geaster}, in which the outer
coating splits into the shape of a star, and the inner one
forms a ball containing the dustlike spores.
Earth-tongue \Earth"-tongue`\, n. (Bot.)
A fungus of the genus {Geoglossum}.
Earthward \Earth"ward\, Earthwards \Earth"wards\, adv.
Toward the earth; -- opposed to {heavenward} or {skyward}.
Earthwork \Earth"work`\, n.
1. (Mil.) Any construction, whether a temporary breastwork or
permanent fortification, for attack or defense, the
material of which is chiefly earth.
2. (Engin.)
(a) The operation connected with excavations and
embankments of earth in preparing foundations of
buildings, in constructing canals, railroads, etc.
(b) An embankment or construction made of earth.
Earthworm \Earth"worm`\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any worm of the genus {Lumbricus} and allied
genera, found in damp soil. One of the largest and most
abundant species in Europe and America is {L. terrestris};
many others are known; -- called also {angleworm} and
{dewworm}.
2. A mean, sordid person; a niggard. --Norris.
Earthy \Earth"y\, a.
1. Consisting of, or resembling, earth; terrene; earthlike;
as, earthy matter.
How pale she looks, And of an earthy cold! --Shak.
All over earthy, like a piece of earth. --Tennyson.
2. Of or pertaining to the earth or to, this world; earthly;
terrestrial; carnal. [R.] ``Their earthy charge.''
--Milton.
The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second
man is from heaven. As is the earthy, such are they
also that are earthy. --1 Cor. xv.
47, 48 (Rev.
Ver. )
Earthy spirits black and envious are. --Dryden.
3. Gross; low; unrefined. ``Her earthy and abhorred
commands.'' --Shak.
4. (Min.) Without luster, or dull and roughish to the touch;
as, an earthy fracture.
Earwax \Ear"wax`\, n. (Anat.)
See {Cerumen}.
Earwig \Ear"wig`\, n. [AS. e['a]rwicga; e['a]re ear + wicga
beetle, worm: cf. Prov. E. erri-wiggle.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any insect of the genus {Forticula} and related
genera, belonging to the order Euplexoptera.
2. (Zo["o]l.) In America, any small chilopodous myriapod,
esp. of the genus {Geophilus}.
Note: Both insects are so called from the supposition that
they creep into the human ear.
3. A whisperer of insinuations; a secret counselor.
--Johnson.
Earwig \Ear"wig`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Earwigged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Earwigging}.]
To influence, or attempt to influence, by whispered
insinuations or private talk. ``No longer was he earwigged by
the Lord Cravens.'' --Lord Campbell.
Earwitness \Ear"wit`ness\, n.
A witness by means of his ears; one who is within hearing and
does hear; a hearer. --Fuller.
Ease \Ease\, n. [OE. ese, eise, F. aise; akin to Pr. ais, aise,
OIt. asio, It. agio; of uncertain origin; cf. L. ansa handle,
occasion, opportunity. Cf. {Agio}, {Disease}.]
1. Satisfaction; pleasure; hence, accommodation;
entertainment. [Obs.]
They him besought Of harbor and or ease as for hire
penny. --Chaucer.
2. Freedom from anything that pains or troubles; as:
(a) Relief from labor or effort; rest; quiet; relaxation;
as, ease of body.
Usefulness comes by labor, wit by ease.
--Herbert.
Give yourself ease from the fatigue of watching.
--Swift.
(b) Freedom from care, solicitude, or anything that annoys
or disquiets; tranquillity; peace; comfort; security;
as, ease of mind.
Among these nations shalt thou find no ease.
--Deut.
xxviii. 65.
Take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry.
--Luke xii.
19.
(c) Freedom from constraint, formality, difficulty,
embarrassment, etc.; facility; liberty; naturalness;
-- said of manner, style, etc.; as, ease of style, of
behavior, of address.
True ease in writing comes from art, not chance.
--Pope.
Whate'er he did was done with so much ease, In
him alone 't was natural to please. --Dryden.
{At ease}, free from pain, trouble, or anxiety. ``His soul
shall dwell at ease.'' --Ps. xxv. 12.
{Chapel of ease}. See under {Chapel}.
{Ill at ease}, not at ease, disquieted; suffering; anxious.
{To stand at ease} (Mil.), to stand in a comfortable attitude
in one's place in the ranks.
{With ease}, easily; without much effort.
Syn: Rest; quiet; repose; comfortableness; tranquility;
facility; easiness; readiness.
Ease \Ease\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Eased}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Easing}.] [OE. esen, eisen, OF. aisier. See {Ease}, n.]
1. To free from anything that pains, disquiets, or oppresses;
to relieve from toil or care; to give rest, repose, or
tranquility to; -- often with of; as, to ease of pain;
ease the body or mind.
Eased [from] the putting off These troublesome
disguises which we wear. --Milton.
Sing, and I 'll ease thy shoulders of thy load.
--Dryden.
2. To render less painful or oppressive; to mitigate; to
alleviate.
My couch shall ease my complaint. --Job vii. 13.
3. To release from pressure or restraint; to move gently; to
lift slightly; to shift a little; as, to ease a bar or nut
in machinery.
4. To entertain; to furnish with accommodations. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
{To ease off}, {To ease away} (Naut.), to slacken a rope
gradually.
{To ease a ship} (Naut.), to put the helm hard, or regulate
the sail, to prevent pitching when closehauled.
{To ease the helm} (Naut.), to put the helm more nearly
amidships, to lessen the effect on the ship, or the strain
on the wheel rope. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Syn: To relieve; disburden; quiet; calm; tranquilize;
assuage; alleviate; allay; mitigate; appease; pacify.
Easeful \Ease"ful\, a.
Full of ease; suitable for affording ease or rest; quiet;
comfortable; restful. --Shak. -- {Ease"ful*ly}, adv. --
{Ease"ful*ness}, n.
Easel \Ea"sel\, n. [D. ezel ass, donkey, hence, easel, or G.
esel; akin to E. ass. See {Ass}.]
A frame (commonly) of wood serving to hold a canvas upright,
or nearly upright, for the painter's convenience or for
exhibition.
{Easel picture}, {Easel piece}, a painting of moderate size
such as is made while resting on an easel, as
distinguished from a painting on a wall or ceiling.
Easeless \Ease"less\, a.
Without ease. --Donne.
Easement \Ease"ment\, n. [OF. aisement. See {Ease}, n.]
1. That which gives ease, relief, or assistance; convenience;
accommodation.
In need of every kind of relief and easement.
--Burke.
2. (Law) A liberty, privilege, or advantage, which one
proprietor has in the estate of another proprietor,
distinct from the ownership of the soil, as a way, water
course, etc. It is a species of what the civil law calls
servitude. --Kent.
3. (Arch.) A curved member instead of an abrupt change of
direction, as in a baseboard, hand rail, etc.
Easily \Eas"i*ly\, adv. [From {Easy}.]
1. With ease; without difficulty or much effort; as, this
task may be easily performed; that event might have been
easily foreseen.
2. Without pain, anxiety, or disturbance; as, to pass life
well and easily. --Sir W. Temple.
3. Readily; without reluctance; willingly.
Not soon provoked, she easily forgives. --Prior.
4. Smoothly; quietly; gently; gracefully; without ?umult or
discord.
5. Without shaking or jolting; commodiously; as, a carriage
moves easily.
Easiness \Eas"i*ness\, n.
1. The state or condition of being easy; freedom from
distress; rest.
2. Freedom from difficulty; ease; as the easiness of a task.
3. Freedom from emotion; compliance; disposition to yield
without opposition; unconcernedness.
Give to him, and he shall but laugh at your
easiness. --South.
4. Freedom from effort, constraint, or formality; -- said of
style, manner, etc.
With painful care, but seeming easiness.
--Roscommon.
5. Freedom from jolting, jerking, or straining.
East \East\, n. [OE. est, east, AS. e['a]st; akin to D. oost,
oosten, OHG. ?stan, G. ost, osten, Icel. austr, Sw. ost, Dan.
["o]st, ["o]sten, Lith. auszra dawn, L. aurora (for ausosa),
Gr. ?, ?, ?, Skr. ushas; cf. Skr. ush to burn, L. urere.
????, ???. Cf. {Aurora}, {Easter}, {Sterling}.]
1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at
the equinox, or the corresponding point on the earth; that
one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in
a direction at right angles to that of north and south,
and which is toward the right hand of one who faces the
north; the point directly opposite to the west.
The east began kindle. --E. Everett.
2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries
which lie east of Europe; the orient. In this indefinite
sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea,
Persia, India, China, etc.; as, the riches of the East;
the diamonds and pearls of the East; the kings of the
East.
The gorgeous East, with richest hand, Showers on her
kings barbaric pearl and gold. --Milton.
3. (U. S. Hist. and Geog.) Formerly, the part of the United
States east of the Alleghany Mountains, esp. the Eastern,
or New England, States; now, commonly, the whole region
east of the Mississippi River, esp. that which is north of
Maryland and the Ohio River; -- usually with the definite
article; as, the commerce of the East is not independent
of the agriculture of the West.
{East by north}, {East by south}, according to the notation
of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 111/4[deg]
to the north or south, respectively, of the point due
east.
{East-northeast}, {East-southeast}, that which lies
221/2[deg] to the north or south of east, or half way
between east and northeast or southeast, respectively. See
Illust. of {Compass}.
East \East\, a.
Toward the rising sun; or toward the point where the sun
rises when in the equinoctial; as, the east gate; the east
border; the east side; the east wind is a wind that blows
from the east.
East \East\, adv.
Eastward.
East \East\, v. i.
To move toward the east; to veer from the north or south
toward the east; to orientate.
Easter \Eas"ter\, n. [AS. e['a]ster, e['a]stran, paschal feast,
Easter; akin to G. ostern; fr. AS. E['a]stre, a goddess of
light or spring, in honor of whom a festival was celebrated
in April; whence this month was called in AS.
E['a]sterm[=o]na[eth]. From the root of E. east. See {East}.]
1. An annual church festival commemorating Christ's
resurrection, and occurring on Sunday, the second day
after Good Friday. It corresponds to the pasha or passover
of the Jews, and most nations still give it this name
under the various forms of pascha, pasque, p[^a]que, or
pask.
2. The day on which the festival is observed; Easter day.
Note: Easter is used either adjectively or as the first
element of a compound; as, Easter day or Easter-day,
Easter Sunday, Easter week, Easter gifts.
Sundays by thee more glorious break, An Easter
day in every week. --Keble.
Note: Easter day, on which the rest of the movable feasts
depend, is always the first Sunday after the fourteenth
day of the calendar moon which (fourteenth day) falls
on, or next after, the 21st of March, according to the
rules laid down for the construction of the calendar;
so that if the fourteenth day happen on a Sunday,
Easter day is the Sunday after. --Eng. Cyc.
{Easter dues} (Ch. of Eng.), money due to the clergy at
Easter, formerly paid in communication of the tithe for
personal labor and subject to exaction. For Easter dues,
Easter offerings, voluntary gifts, have been substituted.
{Easter egg}.
(a) A painted or colored egg used as a present at Easter.
(b) An imitation of an egg, in sugar or some fine
material, sometimes made to serve as a box for jewelry
or the like, used as an Easter present.
Easter \East"er\, v. i. (Naut.)
To veer to the east; -- said of the wind. --Russell.
Easterling \East"er*ling\, n. [Cf. {Sterling}.]
1. A native of a country eastward of another; -- used, by the
English, of traders or others from the coasts of the
Baltic.
Merchants of Norway, Denmark, . . . called . . .
Easterlings because they lie east in respect of us.
--Holinshed.
2. A piece of money coined in the east by Richard II. of
England. --Crabb.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The smew.
Easterling \East"er*ling\, a.
Relating to the money of the Easterlings, or Baltic traders.
See {Sterling}.
Easterly \East"er*ly\, a.
1. Coming from the east; as, it was easterly wind.
2. Situated, directed, or moving toward the east; as, the
easterly side of a lake; an easterly course or voyage.
Easterly \East"er*ly\, adv.
Toward, or in the direction of, the east.
Eastern \East"ern\, a. [AS. e['a]stern.]
1. Situated or dwelling in the east; oriental; as, an eastern
gate; Eastern countries.
Eastern churches first did Christ embrace.
--Stirling.
2. Going toward the east, or in the direction of east; as, an
eastern voyage.
{Eastern Church}. See {Greek Church}, under {Greek}.
Easternmost \East"ern*most`\, a.
Most eastern.
East Indian \East" In"di*an\ (?; see {Indian}).
Belonging to, or relating to, the East Indies. -- n. A native
of, or a dweller in, the East Indies.
Easting \East"ing\, n. (Naut. & Surv.)
The distance measured toward the east between two meridians
drawn through the extremities of a course; distance of
departure eastward made by a vessel.
East-insular \East`-in"su*lar\, a.
Relating to the Eastern Islands; East Indian. [R.] --Ogilvie.
Eastward \East"ward\, Eastwards \East"wards\, adv.
Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or
place; as, New Haven lies eastward from New York.
Easy \Eas"y\, a. [Compar. {Easier}; superl. {Easiest}.] [OF.
aisi['e], F. ais['e], prop. p. p. of OF. aisier. See {Ease},
v. t.]
1. At ease; free from pain, trouble, or constraint; as:
(a) Free from pain, distress, toil, exertion, and the
like; quiet; as, the patient is easy.
(b) Free from care, responsibility, discontent, and the
like; not anxious; tranquil; as, an easy mind.
(c) Free from constraint, harshness, or formality;
unconstrained; smooth; as, easy manners; an easy
style. ``The easy vigor of a line.'' --Pope.
2. Not causing, or attended with, pain or disquiet, or much
exertion; affording ease or rest; as, an easy carriage; a
ship having an easy motion; easy movements, as in dancing.
``Easy ways to die.'' --Shak.
3. Not difficult; requiring little labor or effort; slight;
inconsiderable; as, an easy task; an easy victory.
It were an easy leap. --Shak.
4. Causing ease; giving freedom from care or labor;
furnishing comfort; commodious; as, easy circumstances; an
easy chair or cushion.
5. Not making resistance or showing unwillingness; tractable;
yielding; complying; ready.
He gained their easy hearts. --Dryden.
He is too tyrannical to be an easy monarch. --Sir W.
Scott.
6. Moderate; sparing; frugal. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
7. (Com.) Not straitened as to money matters; as, the market
is easy; -- opposed to {tight}.
{Honors are easy} (Card Playing), said when each side has an
equal number of honors, in which case they are not counted
as points.
Syn: Quiet; comfortable; manageable; tranquil; calm; facile;
unconcerned.
Easy-chair \Eas"y-chair`\, n.
An armchair for ease or repose. ``Laugh . . . in Rabelais'
easy-chair.'' --Pope.
Easy-going \Eas"y-go`ing\, a.
Moving easily; hence, mild-tempered; ease-loving; inactive.
Eat \Eat\ ([=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Ate} ([=a]t; 277), Obsolescent &
Colloq. {Eat} ([e^]t); p. p. {Eaten} ([=e]t"'n), Obs. or
Colloq. {Eat} ([e^]t); p. pr. & vb. n. {Eating}.] [OE. eten,
AS. etan; akin to OS. etan, OFries. eta, D. eten, OHG. ezzan,
G. essen, Icel. eta, Sw. ["a]ta, Dan. [ae]de, Goth. itan, Ir.
& Gael. ith, W. ysu, L. edere, Gr. 'e`dein, Skr. ad. [root]6.
Cf. {Etch}, {Fret} to rub, {Edible}.]
1. To chew and swallow as food; to devour; -- said especially
of food not liquid; as, to eat bread. ``To eat grass as
oxen.'' --Dan. iv. 25.
They . . . ate the sacrifices of the dead. --Ps.
cvi. 28.
The lean . . . did eat up the first seven fat kine.
--Gen. xli.
20.
The lion had not eaten the carcass. --1 Kings
xiii. 28.
With stories told of many a feat, How fairy Mab the
junkets eat. --Milton.
The island princes overbold Have eat our substance.
--Tennyson.
His wretched estate is eaten up with mortgages.
--Thackeray.
2. To corrode, as metal, by rust; to consume the flesh, as a
cancer; to waste or wear away; to destroy gradually; to
cause to disappear.
{To eat humble pie}. See under {Humble}.
{To eat of} (partitive use). ``Eat of the bread that can not
waste.'' --Keble.
{To eat one's words}, to retract what one has said. (See the
Citation under {Blurt}.)
{To eat out}, to consume completely. ``Eat out the heart and
comfort of it.'' --Tillotson.
{To eat the wind out of a vessel} (Naut.), to gain slowly to
windward of her.
Syn: To consume; devour; gnaw; corrode.
Eat \Eat\, v. i.
1. To take food; to feed; especially, to take solid, in
distinction from liquid, food; to board.
He did eat continually at the king's table. --2 Sam.
ix. 13.
2. To taste or relish; as, it eats like tender beef.
3. To make one's way slowly.
{To eat}, {To eat in} or {into}, to make way by corrosion; to
gnaw; to consume. ``A sword laid by, which eats into
itself.'' --Byron.
{To eat to windward} (Naut.), to keep the course when
closehauled with but little steering; -- said of a vessel.
Eatable \Eat"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being eaten; fit to be eaten; proper for food;
esculent; edible. -- n. Something fit to be eaten.
Eatage \Eat"age\ (?; 48), n.
Eatable growth of grass for horses and cattle, esp. that of
aftermath.
Eater \Eat"er\, n.
One who, or that which, eats.
Eath \Eath\, a. & adv. [AS. e['a]?e.]
Easy or easily. [Obs.] ``Eath to move with plaints.''
--Fairfax.
Eating \Eat"ing\, n.
1. The act of tasking food; the act of consuming or
corroding.
2. Something fit to be eaten; food; as, a peach is good
eating. [Colloq.]
{Eating house}, a house where cooked provisions are sold, to
be eaten on the premises.
Eau de Cologne \Eau` de Co*logne"\ [F. eau water (L. aqua) + de
of + Cologne.]
Same as {Cologne}.
Eau de vie \Eau` de vie"\ [F., water of life; eau (L. aqua)
water + de of + vie (L. vita) life.]
French name for brandy. Cf. Aqua vit[ae], under {Aqua}.
--Bescherelle.
Eavedrop \Eave"drop`\, n.
A drop from the eaves; eavesdrop. [R.] --Tennyson.
Eaves \Eaves\, n. pl. [OE. evese, pl. eveses, AS. efese eaves,
brim, brink; akin to OHG. obisa, opasa, porch, hall, MHG.
obse eaves, Icel. ups, Goth. ubizwa porch; cf. Icel.
upsar-dropi, OSw. ops["a]-drup water dropping from the eaves.
Probably from the root of E. over. The s of eaves is in
English regarded as a plural ending, though not so in Saxon.
See {Over}, and cf. {Eavesdrop}.]
1. (Arch.) The edges or lower borders of the roof of a
building, which overhang the walls, and cast off the water
that falls on the roof.
2. Brow; ridge. [Obs.] ``Eaves of the hill.'' --Wyclif.
3. Eyelids or eyelashes.
And closing eaves of wearied eyes. --Tennyson.
{Eaves board} (Arch.), an arris fillet, or a thick board with
a feather edge, nailed across the rafters at the eaves of
a building, to raise the lower course of slates a little,
or to receive the lowest course of tiles; -- called also
{eaves catch} and {eaves lath}.
{Eaves channel}, {Eaves gutter}, {Eaves trough}. Same as
{Gutter}, 1.
{Eaves molding} (Arch.), a molding immediately below the
eaves, acting as a cornice or part of a cornice.
{Eaves swallow} (Zo["o]l.).
(a) The cliff swallow; -- so called from its habit of
building retort-shaped nests of mud under the eaves of
buildings. See {Cliff swallow}, under {Cliff}.
(b) The European swallow.
Eavesdrop \Eaves"drop`\, v. i. [Eaves + drop.]
To stand under the eaves, near a window or at the door, of a
house, to listen and learn what is said within doors; hence,
to listen secretly to what is said in private.
To eavesdrop in disguises. --Milton.
Eavesdrop \Eaves"drop`\, n.
The water which falls in drops from the eaves of a house.
Eavesdropper \Eaves"drop`per\, n.
One who stands under the eaves, or near the window or door of
a house, to listen; hence, a secret listener.
Eavesdropping \Eaves"drop`ping\, n. (Law)
The habit of lurking about dwelling houses, and other places
where persons meet fro private intercourse, secretly
listening to what is said, and then tattling it abroad. The
offense is indictable at common law. --Wharton.
Ebb \Ebb\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European bunting.
Ebb \Ebb\, n. [AS. ebba; akin to Fries. ebba, D. eb, ebbe, Dan.
& G. ebbe, Sw. ebb, cf. Goth. ibuks backward; prob. akin to
E. even.]
1. The reflux or flowing back of the tide; the return of the
tidal wave toward the sea; -- opposed to {flood}; as, the
boats will go out on the ebb.
Thou shoreless flood which in thy ebb and flow
Claspest the limits of morality! --Shelley.
2. The state or time of passing away; a falling from a better
to a worse state; low state or condition; decline; decay.
``Our ebb of life.'' --Roscommon.
Painting was then at its lowest ebb. --Dryden.
{Ebb and flow}, the alternate ebb and flood of the tide;
often used figuratively.
This alternation between unhealthy activity and
depression, this ebb and flow of the industrial.
--A. T.
Hadley.
Ebb \Ebb\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ebbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ebbing}.] [AS. ebbian; akin to D. & G. ebben, Dan. ebbe. See
2d {Ebb}.]
1. To flow back; to return, as the water of a tide toward the
ocean; -- opposed to {flow}.
That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow. --Pope.
2. To return or fall back from a better to a worse state; to
decline; to decay; to recede.
The hours of life ebb fast. --Blackmore.
Syn: To recede; retire; withdraw; decay; decrease; wane;
sink; lower.
Ebb \Ebb\, v. t.
To cause to flow back. [Obs.] --Ford.
Ebb \Ebb\, a.
Receding; going out; falling; shallow; low.
The water there is otherwise very low and ebb.
--Holland.
Ebb tide \Ebb" tide`\
The reflux of tide water; the retiring tide; -- opposed to
{flood tide}.
Ebionite \E"bi*o*nite\, n. [Heb. ebyon[=i]m poor people.] (Eccl.
Hist.)
One of a sect of heretics, in the first centuries of the
church, whose doctrine was a mixture of Judaism and
Christianity. They denied the divinity of Christ, regarding
him as an inspired messenger, and rejected much of the New
Testament.
Ebionitism \E"bi*o*ni`tism\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
The system or doctrine of the Ebionites.
Eblanin \Eb"la*nin\, n. (Chem.)
See {Pyroxanthin}.
Eblis \Eb"lis\, n. [Ar. iblis.] (Moham. Myth.)
The prince of the evil spirits; Satan. [Written also
{Eblees}.]
Ebon \Eb"on\, a.
1. Consisting of ebony.
2. Like ebony, especially in color; black; dark.
Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne. --Young.
Ebon \Eb"on\, n.
Ebony. [Poetic] ``Framed of ebon and ivory.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Ebonist \Eb"on*ist\, n.
One who works in ebony.
Ebonite \Eb"on*ite\, n. (Chem.)
A hard, black variety of vulcanite. It may be cut and
polished, and is used for many small articles, as combs and
buttons, and for insulating material in electric apparatus.
Ebonize \Eb"on*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ebonized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Ebonizing}.]
To make black, or stain black, in imitation of ebony; as, to
ebonize wood.
Ebony \Eb"on*y\, n.; pl. {Ebonies}. [F. ['e]b[`e]ne, L. ebenus,
fr. Gr. ?; prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. hobn[=i]m, pl.
Cf. {Ebon}.]
A hard, heavy, and durable wood, which admits of a fine
polish or gloss. The usual color is black, but it also occurs
red or green.
Note: The finest black ebony is the heartwood of {Diospyros
reticulata}, of the Mauritius. Other species of the
same genus ({D. Ebenum}, {Melanoxylon}, etc.), furnish
the ebony of the East Indies and Ceylon. The West
Indian green ebony is from a leguminous tree ({Brya
Ebenus}), and from the {Exc[ae]caria glandulosa}.
Ebony \Eb"on*y\, a.
Made of ebony, or resembling ebony; black; as, an ebony
countenance.
This ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling.
--Poe.
Ebracteate \E*brac"te*ate\, a. [Pref. e- + bracteate.] (Bot.)
Without bracts.
Ebracteolate \E*brac"te*o*late\, a. [Pref. e- + bracteolate.]
(Bot.)
Without bracteoles, or little bracts; -- said of a pedicel or
flower stalk.
Ebrauke \E*brau"ke\, a. [L. Hebraicus: cf. F. H['e]bra["i]que.]
Hebrew. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ebriety \E*bri"e*ty\, n.; pl. {Ebrieties}. [L. ebrietas, from.
ebrius intoxicated: cf. F. ['e]bri['e]te. Cf. {So?er}.]
Drunkenness; intoxication by spirituous liquors; inebriety.
``Ruinous ebriety.'' --Cowper.
Ebrillade \E*bril"lade\ ([-e]*br[i^]l"l[a^]d), n. [F.] (Man.)
A bridle check; a jerk of one rein, given to a horse when he
refuses to turn.
Ebriosity \E`bri*os"i*ty\ ([=e]`br[i^]*[o^]s"[i^]*t[y^]), n. [L.
ebriositas, from ebriousus given to drinking, fr. ebrius. See
{Ebriety}.]
Addiction to drink; habitual drunkenness.
Ebrious \E"bri*ous\ ([=e]`br[i^]*[u^]s), a. [L. ebrius.]
Inclined to drink to excess; intoxicated; tipsy. [R.] --M.
Collins.
Ebulliate \E*bul"li*ate\, v. i.
To boil or bubble up. [Obs.] --Prynne.
Ebullience \E*bul"lience\ (?; 106), Ebulliency \E*bul"lien*cy\,
n.
A boiling up or over; effervescence. --Cudworth.
Ebullient \E*bul"lient\, a. [L. ebulliens, -entis, p. pr. of
ebullire to boil up, bubble up; e out, from + bullire to
boil. See 1st {Boil}.]
Boiling up or over; hence, manifesting exhilaration or
excitement, as of feeling; effervescing. ``Ebullient with
subtlety.'' --De Quincey.
The ebullient enthusiasm of the French. --Carlyle.
Ebullioscope \E*bul"li*o*scope\, n. [L. ebullire to boil up +
-scope.] (Phys. Chem.)
An instrument for observing the boiling point of liquids,
especially for determining the alcoholic strength of a
mixture by the temperature at which it boils.
Ebullition \Eb`ul*li"tion\, n. [F. ['e]bullition, L. ebullitio,
fr. ebullire. See {Ebullient}.]
1. A boiling or bubbling up of a liquid; the motion produced
in a liquid by its rapid conversion into vapor.
2. Effervescence occasioned by fermentation or by any other
process which causes the liberation of a gas or an
a["e]riform fluid, as in the mixture of an acid with a
carbonated alkali. [Formerly written {bullition}.]
3. A sudden burst or violent display; an outburst; as, an
ebullition of anger or ill temper.
Eburin \Eb"ur*in\, n.
A composition of dust of ivory or of bone with a cement; --
used for imitations of valuable stones and in making
moldings, seals, etc. --Knight.
Eburnation \E`bur*na"tion\, n. [L. eburnus of ivory, fr. ebur
ivory: cf. F. ['e]burnation. See {Ivory}.] (Med.)
A condition of bone cartilage occurring in certain diseases
of these tissues, in which they acquire an unnatural density,
and come to resemble ivory.
Eburnean \E*bur"ne*an\, a. [L. eburneus, fr. ebur ivory. See
{Ivory}.]
Made of or relating to ivory.
Eburnification \E*bur`ni*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. eburnus of ivory
(fr. ebur ivory) + facere to make.]
The conversion of certain substances into others which have
the appearance or characteristics of ivory.
Eburnine \Eb"ur*nine\, a.
Of or pertaining to ivory. ``[She] read from tablet
eburnine.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Ecardines \E*car"di*nes\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. e out, without +
cardo a hinge.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of Brachiopoda; the Lyopomata. See {Brachiopoda}.
'Ecart'e \['E]`car`t['e]"\, n. [F., prop. fr. ['e]carter to
reject, discard.]
A game at cards, played usually by two persons, in which the
players may discard any or all of the cards dealt and receive
others from the pack.
Ecaudate \E*cau"date\, a. [Pref. e- + caudate.]
1. (Bot.) Without a tail or spur.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Tailless.
Ecballium \Ec*bal"li*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See {Ecbole}.]
(Bot.)
A genus of cucurbitaceous plants consisting of the single
species Ecballium agreste (or Elaterium), the squirting
cucumber. Its fruit, when ripe, bursts and violently ejects
its seeds, together with a mucilaginous juice, from which
elaterium, a powerful cathartic medicine, is prepared.
Ecbasis \Ec"ba*sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a going out, issue, or
event; ? out + ? to go.] (Rhet.)
A figure in which the orator treats of things according to
their events consequences.
Ecbatic \Ec*bat"ic\, a. [See {Ecbasis}.] (Gram.)
Denoting a mere result or consequence, as distinguished from
telic, which denotes intention or purpose; thus the phrase ?
?, if rendered ``so that it was fulfilled,'' is ecbatic; if
rendered ``in order that it might be.'' etc., is telic.
Ecbole \Ec"bo*le\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a throwing out, a
digression, fr. ? to throw out; ? out of + ? to throw.]
(Rhet.)
A digression in which a person is introduced speaking his own
words.
Ecbolic \Ec*bol"ic\, n. [See {Ecbole}.] (Med.)
A drug, as ergot, which by exciting uterine contractions
promotes the expulsion of the contents of the uterus.
Ecboline \Ec"bo*line\ (?; 104), n. [Gr. ? a throwing out; ? out
+ ? to throw.] (Chem.)
An alkaloid constituting the active principle of ergot; -- so
named from its power of producing abortion.
Eccaleobion \Ec`ca*le*o"bi*on\, n. [Gr. ? to call out (? out of
+ ? to call) + ? life.]
A contrivance for hatching eggs by artificial heat.
Ecce homo \Ec"ce ho"mo\ [L., behold the man. See John xix. 5.]
(Paint.)
A picture which represents the Savior as given up to the
people by Pilate, and wearing a crown of thorns.
Eccentric \Ec*cen"tric\, a. [F. excentrique, formerly also
spelled eccentrique, fr. LL. eccentros out of the center,
eccentric, Gr. ?; ? out of + ? center. See {Ex-}, and
{Center}, and cf. {Excentral}.]
1. Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line
of a circle; as, an eccentric or elliptical orbit;
pertaining to deviation from the center or from true
circular motion.
2. Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses,
spheres, etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole
or in part, as to area or volume, have not the same
center; -- opposed to {concentric}.
3. (Mach.) Pertaining to an eccentric; as, the eccentric rod
in a steam engine.
4. Not coincident as to motive or end.
His own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to
those of his master. --Bacon.
5. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or
established forms or laws; deviating from an appointed
sphere or way; departing from the usual course; irregular;
anomalous; odd; as, eccentric conduct. ``This brave and
eccentric young man.'' --Macaulay.
He shines eccentric, like a comet's blaze. --Savage.
{Eccentric anomaly}. (Astron.) See {Anomaly}.
{Eccentric chuck} (Mach.), a lathe chuck so constructed that
the work held by it may be altered as to its center of
motion, so as to produce combinations of eccentric
combinations of eccentric circles.
{Eccentric gear}. (Mach.)
(a) The whole apparatus, strap, and other parts, by which
the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the
steam engine.
(b) A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used to
give variable rotation.
{Eccentric} {hook or gab}, a hook-shaped journal box on the
end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap.
{Eccentric rod}, the rod that connects as eccentric strap
with any part to be acted upon by the eccentric.
{Eccentric sheave}, or {Eccentric pulley}, an eccentric.
{Eccentric strap}, the ring, operating as a journal box, that
encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called
also {eccentric hoop}.
Syn: Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic;
idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical.
Eccentric \Ec*cen"tric\, n.
1. A circle not having the same center as another contained
in some measure within the first.
2. One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an
anomalous or irregular person or thing.
3. (Astron.)
(a) In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit
of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in
its center.
(b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical
orbit, with half the major axis for radius. --Hutton.
4. (Mach.) A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the
center of the wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide.
It is used for operating valves in steam engines, and for
other purposes. The motion derived is precisely that of a
crank having the same throw.
{Back eccentric}, the eccentric that reverses or backs the
valve gear and the engine.
{Fore eccentric}, the eccentric that imparts a forward motion
to the valve gear and the engine.
Eccentrical \Ec*cen"tric*al\, a.
See {Eccentric}.
Eccentrically \Ec*cen"tric*al*ly\, adv.
In an eccentric manner.
Drove eccentrically here and there. --Lew Wallace.
Eccentricity \Ec`cen*tric"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Eccentricities}. [Cf.
F. excentricit['e].]
1. The state of being eccentric; deviation from the customary
line of conduct; oddity.
2. (Math.) The ratio of the distance between the center and
the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola to its
semi-transverse axis.
3. (Astron.) The ratio of the distance of the center of the
orbit of a heavenly body from the center of the body round
which it revolves to the semi-transverse axis of the
orbit.
4. (Mech.) The distance of the center of figure of a body, as
of an eccentric, from an axis about which it turns; the
throw.
Ecchymose \Ec"chy*mose\, v. t. (Med.)
To discolor by the production of an ecchymosis, or effusion
of blood, beneath the skin; -- chiefly used in the passive
form; as, the parts were much ecchymosed.
Ecchymosis \Ec`chy*mo"sis\, n.; pl. {Ecchymoses}. [NL., fr. Gr.
?, fr. ? to extravasate; ? out of + ? to pour.] (Med.)
A livid or black and blue spot, produced by the extravasation
or effusion of blood into the areolar tissue from a
contusion.
Ecchymotic \Ec`chy*mot"ic\, a.
Pertaining to ecchymosis.
Eccle \Ec"cle\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European green woodpecker; -- also called ecall, eaquall,
yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]
Ecclesia \Ec*cle"si*a\, n.; pl. {Ecclesi[ae]}. [L., fr. Gr. ?.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) The public legislative assembly of the
Athenians.
2. (Eccl.) A church, either as a body or as a building.
Ecclesial \Ec*cle"si*al\, a.
Ecclesiastical. [Obs.] --Milton.
Ecclesiarch \Ec*cle"si*arch\, n. [LL. ecclesiarcha, fr. Gr. ?
church + ? to rule: cf. F. eccl['e]siarque.]
An official of the Eastern Church, resembling a sacrist in
the Western Church.
Ecclesiast \Ec*cle"si*ast\, n.
1. An ecclesiastic. --Chaucer.
2. The Apocryphal book of Ecclesiasticus. [Obs.]
Ecclesiastes \Ec*cle`si*as"tes\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a preacher.
See {Ecclesiastic}, a.]
One of the canonical books of the Old Testament.
Ecclesiastic \Ec*cle`si*as"tic\ (?; 277), a. [L. ecclesiasticus,
Gr. ?, fr. ? an assembly of citizens called out by the crier;
also, the church, fr. ? called out, fr. ? to call out; ? out
+ ? to call. See {Ex-}, and {Hale}, v. t., {Haul}.]
Of or pertaining to the church. See {Ecclesiastical}.
``Ecclesiastic government.'' --Swift.
Ecclesiastic \Ec*cle`si*as"tic\, n.
A person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the
church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest.
From a humble ecclesiastic, he was subsequently
preferred to the highest dignities of the church.
--Prescott.
Ecclesiastical \Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al\, a. [See {Ecclesiastical},
a.]
Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization
or government of the church; not secular; as, ecclesiastical
affairs or history; ecclesiastical courts.
Every circumstance of ecclesiastical order and
discipline was an abomination. --Cowper.
{Ecclesiastical commissioners for England}, a permanent
commission established by Parliament in 1836, to consider
and report upon the affairs of the Established Church.
{Ecclesiastical courts}, courts for maintaining the
discipline of the Established Church; -- called also
{Christian courts}. [Eng.]
{Ecclesiastical law}, a combination of civil and canon law as
administered in ecclesiastical courts. [Eng.]
{Ecclesiastical modes} (Mus.), the church modes, or the
scales anciently used.
{Ecclesiastical States}, the territory formerly subject to
the Pope of Rome as its temporal ruler; -- called also
{States of the Church}.
Ecclesiastically \Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In an ecclesiastical manner; according ecclesiastical rules.
Ecclesiasticism \Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cism\, n.
Strong attachment to ecclesiastical usages, forms, etc.
Ecclesiasticus \Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cus\, n. [L.]
A book of the Apocrypha.
Ecclesiological \Ec*cle`si*o*log"ic*al\, a.
Belonging to ecclesiology.
Ecclesiologist \Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gist\, n.
One versed in ecclesiology.
Ecclesiology \Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gy\, n. [Ecclesia + -logy.]
The science or theory of church building and decoration.
Eccritic \Ec*crit"ic\, n. [Gr. ? secretive, fr. ? to choose
out.] (Med.)
A remedy which promotes discharges, as an emetic, or a
cathartic.
Ecderon \Ec"der*on\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? out + ? skin.] (Anat.)
See {Ecteron}. -- {Ec`der*on"ic}, a.
Ecdysis \Ec"dy*sis\, n.; pl. {Ecdyses}. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kdysis
a getting out, fr. 'ekdy`ein, to put off; 'ek out + dy`ein to
enter.] (Biol.)
The act of shedding, or casting off, an outer cuticular
layer, as in the case of serpents, lobsters, etc.; a coming
out; as, the ecdysis of the pupa from its shell; exuviation.
Ecgonine \Ec"go*nine\ (?; 104), n. [Gr. 'e`kgonos sprung from.]
(Chem.)
A colorless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the
decomposition of cocaine.
'Echauguette \['E]`chau`guette"\, n. [F.]
A small chamber or place of protection for a sentinel,
usually in the form of a projecting turret, or the like. See
{Castle}.
Eche \Ech"e\ ([=e]sh"e), a. or a. pron.
Each. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Echelon \Ech"e*lon\ ([e^]sh"e*l[o^]n), n. [F., fr. ['e]chelle
ladder, fr. L. scala.]
1. (Mil.) An arrangement of a body of troops when its
divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right
or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of
a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively;
as, echelon distance. --Upton (Tactics).
2. (Naval) An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or V
formation. --Encyc. Dict.
{Echelon lens} (Optics), a large lens constructed in several
parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular
rings beyond the central lens; -- used in lighthouses.
Echelon \Ech"e*lon\, v. t. (Mil.)
To place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in
echelon.
Echelon \Ech"e*lon\, v. i.
To take position in echelon.
Change direction to the left, echelon by battalion from
the right. --Upton
(Tactics).
Echidna \E*chid"na\, n. [L., a viper, adder, Gr. ?.]
1. (Gr. Myth.) A monster, half maid and half serpent.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of {Monotremata} found in Australia,
Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered
with spines; -- called also {porcupine ant-eater}, and
{Australian ant-eater}.
Echidnine \E*chid"nine\ (?; 104), n. [See {Echidna}.] (Chem.)
The clear, viscid fluid secreted by the poison glands of
certain serpents; also, a nitrogenous base contained in this,
and supposed to be the active poisonous principle of the
virus. --Brande & C.
Echinate \Ech"i*nate\, Echinated \Ech"i*na`ted\, a. [L.
echinatus. See {Echinus}.]
Set with prickles; prickly, like a hedgehog; bristled; as, an
echinated pericarp.
Echinid \E*chi"nid\, a. & n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Echinoid}.
Echinidan \E*chin"i*dan\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]chinide.] (Zo["o]l.)
One the Echinoidea.
Echinital \E*chin"i*tal\, a.
Of, or like, an echinite.
Echinite \Ech"i*nite\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]chinite. See {Echinus}.]
(Paleon.)
A fossil echinoid.
Echinococcus \E*chi`no*coc"cus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? hedgehog,
sea urchin + ? grain, seed. So called because forming little
granular bodies, each armed with hooklets and disposed upon
the inner wall of the hydatid cysts.] (Zo["o]l.)
A parasite of man and of many domestic and wild animals,
forming compound cysts or tumors (called hydatid cysts) in
various organs, but especially in the liver and lungs, which
often cause death. It is the larval stage of the T[ae]nia
echinococcus, a small tapeworm peculiar to the dog.
Echinoderm \E*chin"o*derm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Echinodermata.
Echinodermal \E*chi`no*der"mal\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Relating or belonging to the echinoderms.
Echinodermata \E*chi`no*der"ma*ta\
([-e]*k[imac]`n[-o]*d[~e]r"m[.a]*t[.a]), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
'echi^nos hedgehog, sea urchin + de`rma, -atos, skin.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. By many
writers it was formerly included in the Radiata. [Written
also {Echinoderma}.]
Note: The species usually have an exterior calcareous
skeleton, or shell, made of many pieces, and often
covered with spines, to which the name. They may be
star-shaped, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or more or less
spherical. The body consists of several similar parts
(spheromeres) repeated symmetrically around a central
axis, at one end of which the mouth is situated. They
generally have suckers for locomotion. The group
includes the following classes: Crinoidea, Asterioidea,
Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothurioidea. See these
words in the Vocabulary, and also {Ambulacrum}.
Echinodermatous \E*chi`no*der"ma*tous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Relating to Echinodermata; echinodermal.
Echinoid \E*chi"noid\, a. [Echinus + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Echinoidea. -- n. One of the
Echinoidea.
Echinoidea \Ech`i*noi"de*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Echinus}, and
{-oid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The class Echinodermata which includes the sea urchins. They
have a calcareous, usually more or less spheroidal or
disk-shaped, composed of many united plates, and covered with
movable spines. See {Spatangoid}, {Clypeastroid}. [Written
also {Echinidea}, and {Echinoida}.]
Echinozoa \E*chi`no*zo"a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? an echinus + ?
an animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Echinodermata.
Echinulate \E*chin"u*late\, a. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Set with small spines or prickles.
Echinus \E*chi"nus\, n.; pl. {Echini}. [L., a hedgehog, sea
urchin, Gr. ?.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A hedgehog.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of echinoderms, including the common
edible sea urchin of Europe.
3. (Arch.)
(a) The rounded molding forming the bell of the capital of
the Grecian Doric style, which is of a peculiar
elastic curve. See {Entablature}.
(b) The quarter-round molding (ovolo) of the Roman Doric
style. See Illust. of {Column}
(c) A name sometimes given to the egg and anchor or egg
and dart molding, because that ornament is often
identified with Roman Doric capital. The name probably
alludes to the shape of the shell of the sea urchin.
Echiuroidea \Ech`i*u*roi"de*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. echiurus, the
name of one genus (Gr. ? an adder + ? tail) + -oid.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A division of Annelida which includes the genus {Echiurus}
and allies. They are often classed among the Gephyrea, and
called the {armed Gephyreans}.
Echo \Ech"o\, n.; pl. {Echoes}. [L. echo, Gr. ? echo, sound,
akin to ?, ?, sound, noise; cf. Skr. v[=a]? to sound, bellow;
perh. akin to E. voice: cf. F. ['e]cho.]
1. A sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to
the ear of a listener; repercussion of sound; repetition
of a sound.
The babbling echo mocks the hounds. --Shak.
The woods shall answer, and the echo ring. --Pope.
2. Fig.: Sympathetic recognition; response; answer.
Fame is the echo of actions, resounding them.
--Fuller.
Many kind, and sincere speeches found an echo in his
heart. --R. L.
Stevenson.
3.
(a) (Myth. & Poetic) A wood or mountain nymph, regarded as
repeating, and causing the reverberation of them.
Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen
Within thy airy shell. --Milton.
(b) (Gr. Myth.) A nymph, the daughter of Air and Earth,
who, for love of Narcissus, pined away until nothing
was left of her but her voice.
Compelled me to awake the courteous Echo To give
me answer from her mossy couch. --Milton.
{Echo organ} (Mus.), a set organ pipes inclosed in a box so
as to produce a soft, distant effect; -- generally
superseded by the swell.
{Echo stop} (Mus.), a stop upon a harpsichord contrived for
producing the soft effect of distant sound.
{To applaud to the echo}, to give loud and continuous
applause. --M. Arnold.
I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should
applaud again. --Shak.
Echo \Ech"o\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Echoed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Echoing}. -- 3d pers. sing. pres. {Echoes}.]
1. To send back (a sound); to repeat in sound; to
reverberate.
Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng.
--Dryden.
The wondrous sound Is echoed on forever. --Keble.
2. To repeat with assent; to respond; to adopt.
They would have echoed the praises of the men whom
they ?nvied, and then have sent to the newspaper
anonymous libels upon them. --Macaulay.
Echo \Ech"o\, v. i.
To give an echo; to resound; to be sounded back; as, the hall
echoed with acclamations. ``Echoing noise.'' --Blackmore.
Echoer \Ech"o*er\, n.
One who, or that which, echoes.
Echoless \Ech"o*less\, a.
Without echo or response.
Echometer \E*chom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, sound + -meter: cf. F.
['e]chom[`e]tre.] (Mus)
A graduated scale for measuring the duration of sounds, and
determining their different, and the relation of their
intervals. --J. J. Rousseau.
Echometry \E*chom"e*try\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]chom['e]trie.]
1. The art of measuring the duration of sounds or echoes.
2. The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes.
Echon \Ech*on"\, Echoon \Ech*oon"\, pron.
Each one. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Echoscope \Ech"o*scope\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, sound + -scope.] (Med.)
An instrument for intensifying sounds produced by percussion
of the thorax. --Knight.
'Eclair \['E]`clair"\, n. [F.] (Cookery)
A kind of frosted cake, containing flavored cream.
Eclaircise \E*clair"cise\, v. t. [F. ['e]claircir; pref. es- (L.
ex) + clair clear, L. clarus.]
To make clear; to clear up what is obscure or not understood;
to explain.
Eclaircissement \E*clair"cisse*ment\, n. [F., fr. ['e]claircir.
See {Eclaircise}, v. t.]
The clearing up of anything which is obscure or not easily
understood; an explanation.
The eclaircissement ended in the discovery of the
informer. --Clarendon.
Eclampsia \Ec*lamp"si*a\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? a shining forth,
fr. ? to shine forth; ? out + ? to shine.] (Med.)
A fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of
epilepsy; hence, epilepsy itself; convulsions.
Note: The term is generally restricted to a convulsive
affection attending pregnancy and parturition, and to
infantile convulsions.
Eclampsy \Ec*lamp"sy\, n. (Med.)
Same as {Eclampsia}.
Eclat \E*clat"\, n. [F. ['e]clat a fragment, splinter,
explosion, brilliancy, splendor, fr. ['e]clater to splinter,
burst, explode, shine brilliantly, prob. of German origin;
cf. OHG. sleizan to slit, split, fr. sl[=i]zan, G.
schleissen; akin to E. slit.]
1. Brilliancy of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show;
striking effect; glory; renown. ``The eclat of Homer's
battles.'' --Pope.
2. Demonstration of admiration and approbation; applause.
--Prescott.
Eclectic \Ec*lec"tic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to pick out, choose out:
cf. F. ['e]clectique. See {Eclogue}, and cf. {Elect}.]
1. Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in
doctrines, opinions, etc.) from various sources or
systems; as, an eclectic philosopher.
2. Consisting, or made up, of what is chosen or selected; as,
an eclectic method; an eclectic magazine.
{Eclectic physician}, one of a class of practitioners of
medicine, who select their modes of practice and medicines
from all schools; formerly, sometimes the same as botanic
physician. [U.S.]
{Eclectic school}. (Paint.) See {Bolognese school}, under
{Bolognese}.
Eclectic \Ec*lec"tic\, n.
One who follows an eclectic method.
Eclectically \Ec*lec"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In an eclectic manner; by an eclectic method.
Eclecticism \Ec*lec"ti*cism\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]clecticisme. Cf.
{Electicism}.]
Theory or practice of an eclectic.
Eclegm \Ec*legm"\, n. [F. ['e]clegme, L. ecligma, fr. Gr. ?, fr.
? to lick up.] (Med.)
A medicine made by mixing oils with sirups. --John Quincy.
Eclipse \E*clipse"\, n. [F. ['e]clipse, L. eclipsis, fr. Gr. ?,
prop., a forsaking, failing, fr. ? to leave out, forsake; ?
out + ? to leave. See {Ex-}, and {Loan}.]
1. (Astron.) An interception or obscuration of the light of
the sun, moon, or other luminous body, by the intervention
of some other body, either between it and the eye, or
between the luminous body and that illuminated by it. A
lunar eclipse is caused by the moon passing through the
earth's shadow; a solar eclipse, by the moon coming
between the sun and the observer. A satellite is eclipsed
by entering the shadow of its primary. The obscuration of
a planet or star by the moon or a planet, though of the
nature of an eclipse, is called an occultation. The
eclipse of a small portion of the sun by Mercury or Venus
is called a transit of the planet.
Note: In ancient times, eclipses were, and among
unenlightened people they still are, superstitiously
regarded as forerunners of evil fortune, a sentiment of
which occasional use is made in literature.
That fatal and perfidious bark, Built in the
eclipse, and rigged with curses dark. --Milton.
2. The loss, usually temporary or partial, of light,
brilliancy, luster, honor, consciousness, etc.;
obscuration; gloom; darkness.
All the posterity of our fist parents suffered a
perpetual eclipse of spiritual life. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
As in the soft and sweet eclipse, When soul meets
soul on lovers' lips. --Shelley.
{Annular eclipse}. (Astron.) See under {Annular}.
{Cycle of eclipses}. See under {Cycle}.
Eclipse \E*clipse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eclipsed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Eclipsing}.]
1. To cause the obscuration of; to darken or hide; -- said of
a heavenly body; as, the moon eclipses the sun.
2. To obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster,
honor, etc., of; to sully; to cloud; to throw into the
shade by surpassing. ``His eclipsed state.'' --Dryden.
My joy of liberty is half eclipsed. --Shak.
Eclipse \E*clipse"\, v. i.
To suffer an eclipse.
While the laboring moon Eclipses at their charms.
--Milton.
Ecliptic \E*clip"tic\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]cliptique, L. linea
ecliptica, Gr. ?, prop. adj., of an eclipse, because in this
circle eclipses of the sun and moon take place. See
{Ecliptic}, a.]
1. (Astron.) A great circle of the celestial sphere, making
an angle with the equinoctial of about 23[deg] 28'. It is
the apparent path of the sun, or the real path of the
earth as seen from the sun.
2. (Geog.) A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe,
making an angle of 23[deg] 28' with the equator; -- used
for illustrating and solving astronomical problems.
Ecliptic \E*clip"tic\, a. [L. eclipticus belonging to an
eclipse, Gr. ?. See {Eclipse}.]
1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way.
2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses.
{Lunar ecliptic limit} (Astron.), the space of 12[deg] on the
moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon
happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed.
{Solar ecliptic limit}, the space of 17[deg] from the lunar
node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon
occur, the sun will be eclipsed.
Eclogite \Ec"lo*gite\, n. [See {Ecloque}.] (Min.)
A rock consisting of granular red garnet, light green
smaragdite, and common hornblende; -- so called in reference
to its beauty.
Eclogue \Ec"logue\, n. [L. ecloga, Gr. ? a selection, choice
extracts, fr. ? to pick out, choose out; ? out + ? to gather,
choose: cf. F. ['e]gloque, ['e]cloque. See {Ex-}, and
{Legend}.]
A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing
with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of
Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been
established.
Economic \E`co*nom"ic\ (?; 277), Economical \E`co*nom"ic*al\, a.
[F. ['e]conomique, L. oeconomicus orderly, methodical, Gr. ?
economical. See {Economy}.]
1. Pertaining to the household; domestic. ``In this
economical misfortune [of ill-assorted matrimony.]''
--Milton.
2. Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of
household affairs.
And doth employ her economic art And busy care, her
household to preserve. --Sir J.
Davies.
3. Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or
unnecessary expense; careful and frugal in management and
in expenditure; -- said of character or habits.
Just rich enough, with economic care, To save a
pittance. --Harte.
4. Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or
extravagance; frugal; -- said of acts; saving; as, an
economical use of money or of time.
5. Relating to the means of living, or the resources and
wealth of a country; relating to political economy; as,
economic purposes; economical truths.
These matters economical and political. --J. C.
Shairp.
There was no economical distress in England to
prompt the enterprises of colonization. --Palfrey.
Economic questions, such as money, usury, taxes,
lands, and the employment of the people. --H. C.
Baird.
6. Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end.
--Grew.
Note: Economical is the usual form when meaning frugal,
saving; economic is the form commonly used when meaning
pertaining to the management of a household, or of
public affairs.
Economically \E`co*nom"ic*al*ly\, adv.
With economy; with careful management; with prudence in
expenditure.
Economics \E`co*nom"ics\, n. [Gr. ?, equiv. to ? ?. See
{Economic}.]
1. The science of household affairs, or of domestic
management.
2. Political economy; the science of the utilities or the
useful application of wealth or material resources. See
{Political economy}, under {Political}. ``In politics and
economics.'' --V. Knox.
Economist \E*con"o*mist\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]conomiste.]
1. One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns
with frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor,
judiciously, and without waste. ``Economists even to
parsimony.'' --Burke.
2. One who is conversant with political economy; a student of
economics.
Economization \E*con`o*mi*za"tion\, n.
The act or practice of using to the best effect. [R.] --H.
Spenser.
Economize \E*con"o*mize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Economized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Economizing}.] [Cf. F. ['e]conomiser.]
To manage with economy; to use with prudence; to expend with
frugality; as, to economize one's income. [Written also
{economise}.]
Expenses in the city were to be economized. --Jowett
(Thucyd. ).
Calculating how to economize time. --W. Irving.
Economize \E*con"o*mize\, v. i.
To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and
saving; as, to economize in order to grow rich. [Written also
{economise}.] --Milton.
Economizer \E*con"o*mi`zer\, n.
1. One who, or that which, economizes.
2. Specifically: (Steam Boilers) An arrangement of pipes for
heating feed water by waste heat in the gases passing to
the chimney.
Economy \E*con"o*my\, n.; pl. {Economies}. [F. ['e]conomie, L.
oeconomia household management, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? one managing
a household; ? house (akin to L. vicus village, E. vicinity)
+ ? usage, law, rule, fr. ne`mein to distribute, manage. See
{Vicinity}, {Nomad}.]
1. The management of domestic affairs; the regulation and
government of household matters; especially as they
concern expense or disbursement; as, a careful economy.
Himself busy in charge of the household economies.
--Froude.
2. Orderly arrangement and management of the internal affairs
of a state or of any establishment kept up by production
and consumption; esp., such management as directly
concerns wealth; as, political economy.
3. The system of rules and regulations by which anything is
managed; orderly system of regulating the distribution and
uses of parts, conceived as the result of wise and
economical adaptation in the author, whether human or
divine; as, the animal or vegetable economy; the economy
of a poem; the Jewish economy.
The position which they [the verb and adjective]
hold in the general economy of language. --Earle.
In the Greek poets, as also in Plautus, we shall see
the economy . . . of poems better observed than in
Terence. --B. Jonson.
The Jews already had a Sabbath, which, as citizens
and subjects of that economy, they were obliged to
keep. --Paley.
4. Thrifty and frugal housekeeping; management without loss
or waste; frugality in expenditure; prudence and
disposition to save; as, a housekeeper accustomed to
economy but not to parsimony.
{Political economy}. See under {Political}.
Syn: {Economy}, {Frugality}, {Parsimony}. Economy avoids all
waste and extravagance, and applies money to the best
advantage; frugality cuts off indulgences, and proceeds
on a system of saving. The latter conveys the idea of
not using or spending superfluously, and is opposed to
lavishness or profusion. Frugality is usually applied to
matters of consumption, and commonly points to
simplicity of manners; parsimony is frugality carried to
an extreme, involving meanness of spirit, and a sordid
mode of living. Economy is a virtue, and parsimony a
vice.
I have no other notion of economy than that it is the
parent to liberty and ease. --Swift.
The father was more given to frugality, and the son to
riotousness [luxuriousness]. --Golding.
'Ecorch'e \['E]`cor`ch['e]"\, n. [F.] (Fine Arts)
A manikin, or image, representing an animal, especially man,
with the skin removed so that the muscles are exposed for
purposes of study.
'Ecossaise \['E]`cos`saise"\, n. [F.] (Mus.)
A dancing tune in the Scotch style.
Ecostate \E*cos"tate\, a. [Pref. e- + costate.] (Bot.)
Having no ribs or nerves; -- said of a leaf.
'Ecoute \['E]`coute"\, n. [F., a listening place.] (Mil.)
One of the small galleries run out in front of the glacis.
They serve to annoy the enemy's miners.
Ecphasis \Ec"pha*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to speak out.]
(Rhet.)
An explicit declaration.
Ecphonema \Ec`pho*ne"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a thing called out,
fr. ? to cry out; ? out + ? voice.] (Rhet.)
A breaking out with some interjectional particle.
Ecphoneme \Ec"pho*neme\, n. [See {Ecphonema}.]
A mark (!) used to indicate an exclamation. --G. Brown.
Ecphonesis \Ec`pho*ne"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See
{Ecphonema}.] (Rhet.)
An animated or passionate exclamation.
The feelings by the ecphonesis are very various.
--Gibbs.
Ecphractic \Ec*phrac"tic\, a. [Gr. ?, from ? to open; ? out + ?
to block up: cf. F. ecphractique.] (Med.)
Serving to dissolve or attenuate viscid matter, and so to
remove obstructions; deobstruent. -- n. An ecphractic
medicine. --Harvey.
'Ecrasement \['E]`crase`ment"\, n. [F.] (Surg.)
The operation performed with an ['e]craseur.
'Ecraseur \['E]`cra`seur"\, n. [F., fr. ['e]craser to crush.]
(Surg.)
An instrument intended to replace the knife in many
operations, the parts operated on being severed by the
crushing effect produced by the gradual tightening of a steel
chain, so that hemorrhage rarely follows.
'Ecru \['E]`cru"\, a. [F., fr. L. crudus raw.]
Having the color or appearance of unbleached stuff, as silk,
linen, or the like.
Ecstasy \Ec"sta*sy\, n.; pl. {Ecstasies}. [F. extase, L.
ecstasis, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to put out of place, derange; ? =
? out + ? to set, stand. See {Ex-}, and {Stand}.] [Also
written {extasy}.]
1. The state of being beside one's self or rapt out of one's
self; a state in which the mind is elevated above the
reach of ordinary impressions, as when under the influence
of overpowering emotion; an extraordinary elevation of the
spirit, as when the soul, unconscious of sensible objects,
is supposed to contemplate heavenly mysteries.
Like a mad prophet in an ecstasy. --Dryden.
This is the very ecstasy of love. --Shak.
2. Excessive and overmastering joy or enthusiasm; rapture;
enthusiastic delight.
He on the tender grass Would sit, and hearken even
to ecstasy. --Milton.
3. Violent distraction of mind; violent emotion; excessive
grief of anxiety; insanity; madness. [Obs.]
That unmatched form and feature of blown youth
Blasted with ecstasy. --Shak.
Our words will but increase his ecstasy. --Marlowe.
4. (Med.) A state which consists in total suspension of
sensibility, of voluntary motion, and largely of mental
power. The body is erect and inflexible; the pulsation and
breathing are not affected. --Mayne.
Ecstasy \Ec"sta*sy\, v. t.
To fill ecstasy, or with rapture or enthusiasm. [Obs.]
The most ecstasied order of holy . . . spirits. --Jer.
Taylor.
Ecstatic \Ec*stat"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ?: cf. F. extatique. See
{Ecstasy}, n.]
1. Pertaining to, or caused by, ecstasy or excessive emotion;
of the nature, or in a state, of ecstasy; as, ecstatic
gaze; ecstatic trance.
This ecstatic fit of love and jealousy. --Hammond.
2. Delightful beyond measure; rapturous; ravishing; as,
ecstatic bliss or joy.
Ecstatic \Ec*stat"ic\, n.
An enthusiast. [R.] --Gauden.
Ecstatical \Ec*stat"ic*al\, a.
1. Ecstatic. --Bp. Stillingfleet.
2. Tending to external objects. [R.] --Norris.
Ecstatically \Ec*stat"ic*al*ly\, adv.
Rapturously; ravishingly.
Ect- \Ect-\, Ecto- \Ec"to-\ [Gr. ? outside.]
A combining form signifying without, outside, external.
Ectad \Ec"tad\, adv. [Ect- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.)
Toward the outside or surface; -- opposed to {entad}. --B. G.
Wilder.
Ectal \Ec"tal\, a. [See {Ect-}.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or situated near, the surface; outer; --
opposed to {ental}. --B. G. Wilder.
Ectasia \Ec*ta"si*a\, n. [NL. See {Ectasis}.] (Med.)
A dilatation of a hollow organ or of a canal.
Ectasis \Ec"ta*sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; ? out + ? to stretch.]
(Pros.)
The lengthening of a syllable from short to long.
Ectental \Ec*ten"tal\, a. [Gr. ? outside + ? inside.] (Biol.)
Relating to, or connected with, the two primitive germ
layers, the ectoderm and ectoderm; as, the ``ectental line''
or line of juncture of the two layers in the segmentation of
the ovum. --C. S. Minot.
Ecteron \Ec"ter*on\, n. [See {Ect-}.] (Anat.)
The external layer of the skin and mucous membranes;
epithelium; ecderon. -- {Ec`ter*on"ic}, a.
Ectethmoid \Ec*teth"moid\, a. [Ect- + ethmoid.] (Anat.)
External to the ethmoid; prefrontal.
Ecthlipsis \Ec*thlip"sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to squeeze
out.]
1. The dropping out or suppression from a word of a
consonant, with or without a vowel.
2. (Lat. Pros.) The elision of a final m, with the preceding
vowel, before a word beginning with a vowel.
Ecthoreum \Ec`tho*re"um\, n.; pl. {Ecthorea}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? to
leap out; ek out + ?, ?, to leap, dart.] (Zo["o]l.)
The slender, hollow thread of a nettling cell or cnida. See
{Nettling cell}. [Written also {ecthor[ae]um}.]
Ecthyma \Ec*thy"ma\, n.; pl. {Ecthymata}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
pimple, fr. ? to break out.] (Med.)
A cutaneous eruption, consisting of large, round pustules,
upon an indurated and inflamed base. --Dunglison.
Ecto- \Ec"to-\
See {Ect-}.
Ectoblast \Ec"to*blast\, n. [Ecto- + Gr. ? bud, germ.] (Biol.)
(a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the epiblast; the
ectoderm.
(b) The outer envelope of a cell; the cell wall. --Agassiz.
Ectobronchium \Ec`to*bron"chi*um\, n.; pl. {Ectobronchia}. [NL.
See {Ecto-}, and {Bronchia}.] (Anat.)
One of the dorsal branches of the main bronchi in the lungs
of birds.
Ectocuneriform \Ec`to*cu*ne"ri*form\, Ectocuniform
\Ec`to*cu"ni*form\, n. [Ecto- + cuneiform, cuniform.] (Anat.)
One of the bones of the tarsus. See {Cuneiform}.
Ectocyst \Ec"to*cyst\, n. [Ecto- + Gr. ? bladder.] (Zo["o]l.)
The outside covering of the Bryozoa.
Ectoderm \Ec"to*derm\, n. [Ecto- + -derm.] (Biol.)
(a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; epiblast.
(b) The external skin or outer layer of an animal or plant,
this being formed in an animal from the epiblast. See
Illust. of {Blastoderm}.
Ectodermal \Ec`to*der"mal\, Ectodermic \Ec`to*der"mic\, a.
(Biol.)
Of or relating to the ectoderm.
Ectolecithal \Ec`to*lec"i*thal\, a. [Ecto- + Gr. ? the yolk of
an egg.] (Biol.)
Having the food yolk, at the commencement of segmentation, in
a peripheral position, and the cleavage process confined to
the center of the egg; as, ectolecithal ova.
Ectomere \Ec"to*mere\, n. [Ecto- + -mere.] (Biol.)
The more transparent cells, which finally become external, in
many segmenting ova, as those of mammals.
Ectoparasite \Ec`to*par"a*site\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any parasite which lives on the exterior of animals; --
opposed to {endoparasite}. -- {Ec`to*par`a*sit"ic}, a.
Ectopia \Ec*to"pi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? out + ? place.] (Med.)
A morbid displacement of parts, especially such as is
congenial; as, ectopia of the heart, or of the bladder.
Ectopic \Ec*top"ic\, a. (Med.)
Out of place; congenitally displaced; as, an ectopic organ.
Ectoplasm \Ec"to*plasm\, n. [Ecto- + Gr. ? form.] (Biol.)
(a) The outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing
ovum.
(b) The outer hyaline layer of protoplasm in a vegetable
cell.
(c) The ectosarc of protozoan.
Ectoplastic \Ec`to*plas"tic\, a. [Ecto- + Gr. ? to mold.]
Pertaining to, or composed of, ectoplasm.
Ectoprocta \Ec`to*proc"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? outside + ?
the anus.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of Bryozoa in which the anus lies outside the circle
of tentacles.
Ectopy \Ec"to*py\, n. (Med.)
Same as {Ectopia}.
Ectorganism \Ect*or"gan*ism\, n. [Ect- + organism.] (Biol.)
An external parasitic organism.
Ectosarc \Ec"to*sarc\, n. [Ecto- + Gr. ?, ?, flesh.] (Biol.)
The semisolid external layer of protoplasm in some
unicellular organisms, as the am[oe]ba; ectoplasm; exoplasm.
Ectosteal \Ec*tos"te*al\, a. (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to ectostosis; as, ectosteal ossification.
Ectostosis \Ec`tos*to"sis\, n. [NL. See {Ect-}, and {Ostosis}.]
(Physiol.)
A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place
in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually
replaces the cartilage.
Ectozoic \Ec`to*zo"ic\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Epizoic}.
Ectozoon \Ec`to*zo"["o]n\, n.; pl. {Ectozoa}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
outside + ? an animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Epizo["o]n}.
Ectropion \Ec*tro"pi*on\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? a turning
aside; ? from + ? to turn.] (Med.)
An unnatural eversion of the eyelids.
Ectropium \Ec*tro"pi*um\, n. [NL.] (Med.)
Same as {Ectropion}.
Ectrotic \Ec*trot"ic\, a. [Gr. ? for abortion; ? out + ? to
wound, cause mischief to.] (Med.)
Having a tendency to prevent the development of anything,
especially of a disease.
Ectypal \Ec"ty*pal\, a. [L. ectypus worked in high relief, Gr.
?; ? out + ? stamp, figure. See {Type}.]
Copied, reproduced as a molding or cast, in contradistinction
from the original model.
Ectype \Ec"type\, n. [Cf. F. ectype. See {Ectypal}.]
1. (Classical Arch[ae]ol.)
(a) A copy, as in pottery, of an artist's original work.
Hence:
(b) A work sculptured in relief, as a cameo, or in
bas-relief (in this sense used loosely).
2. A copy from an original; a type of something that has
previously existed.
Some regarded him [Klopstock] as an ectype of the
ancient prophets. --Eng. Cyc. .
Ectypography \Ec`ty*pog"ra*phy\, n. [Ectype + -graphy.]
A method of etching in which the design upon the plate is
produced in relief.
Ecumenic \Ec`u*men"ic\, Ecumenical \Ec`u*men"ic*al\, a. [L.
oecumenicus, Gr. ? (sc. ?) the inhabited world, fr. ? to
inhabit, from ? house, dwelling. See {Economy}.]
General; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which
concerns the whole church; as, an ecumenical council.
[Written also {[oe]cumenical}.]
{Ecumenical Bishop}, a title assumed by the popes.
{Ecumenical council}. See under {Council}.
Ecurie \Ec"u*rie\, n. [F. See {Equerry}.]
A stable.
Eczema \Ec"ze*ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kzema; "ek out + zei^n to
boil.] (Med.)
An inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the
presence of redness and itching, an eruption of small
vesicles, and the discharge of a watery exudation, which
often dries up, leaving the skin covered with crusts; --
called also {tetter}, {milk crust}, and {salt rheum}.
Eczematous \Ec*zem"a*tous\, a. (Med.)
Pertaining to eczema; having the characteristic of eczema.
-ed \-ed\
The termination of the past participle of regular, or weak,
verbs; also, of analogous participial adjectives from nouns;
as, pigmented; talented.
Edacious \E*da"cious\, a. [L. edax, edacis, fr. edere to eat.]
Given to eating; voracious; devouring.
Swallowed in the depths of edacious Time. --Carlyle.
-- {E*da"cious*ly}, adv. -- {E*da"cious*ness}, n.
Edacity \E*dac"i*ty\, n. [L. edacitas.]
Greediness; voracity; ravenousness; rapacity. --Bacon.
Edda \Ed"da\, n.; pl. {Eddas}. [Icel., lit. great-grandmother
(i. e., of Scandinavian poetry), so called by Bishop
Brynj['u]lf Sveinsson, who brought it again to light in
1643.]
The religious or mythological book of the old Scandinavian
tribes of German origin, containing two collections of Sagas
(legends, myths) of the old northern gods and heroes.
Note: There are two Eddas. The older, consisting of 39 poems,
was reduced to writing from oral tradition in Iceland
between 1050 and 1133. The younger or {prose Edda},
called also the {Edda of Snorri}, is the work of
several writers, though usually ascribed to Snorri
Sturleson, who was born in 1178.
Eddaic \Ed*da"ic\, Eddic \Ed"dic\, a.
Relating to the Eddas; resembling the Eddas.
Edder \Ed"der\, n. [See {Adder}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An adder or serpent. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
Edder \Ed"der\, n. [AS. edor hedge, fence; akin to etar.]
Flexible wood worked into the top of hedge stakes, to bind
them together. [Obs.] --Tusser.
Edder \Ed"der\, v. t.
To bind the top interweaving edder; as, to edder a hedge.
[Obs.]
Eddish \Ed"dish\, n. [AS. edisc; cf. AS. pref. ed- again, anew.
Cf. {Eddy}, and {Arrish}.]
Aftermath; also, stubble and stubble field. See {Arrish}.
[Eng.]
Eddoes \Ed"does\, n. pl. (Bot.)
The tubers of Colocasia antiquorum. See {Taro}.
Eddy \Ed"dy\, n.; pl. {Eddies}. [Prob. fr. Icel. i?a; cf. Icel.
pref. i?- back, AS. ed-, OS. idug-, OHG. ita-; Goth. id-.]
1. A current of air or water running back, or in a direction
contrary to the main current.
2. A current of water or air moving in a circular direction;
a whirlpool.
And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. --Dryden.
Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play.
--Addison.
Note: Used also adjectively; as, eddy winds. --Dryden.
Eddy \Ed"dy\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Eddied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Eddying}.]
To move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle.
Eddying round and round they sink. --Wordsworth.
Eddy \Ed"dy\, v. t.
To collect as into an eddy. [R.]
The circling mountains eddy in From the bare wild the
dissipated storm. --Thomson.
Edelweiss \E"del*weiss\, n. [G., fr. edel noble + weiss white.]
(Bot.)
A little, perennial, white, woolly plant ({Leontopodium
alpinum}), growing at high elevations in the Alps.
Edema \E*de"ma\, n. [NL.] (Med.)
Same as {[oe]dema}.
Edematous \E*de"ma*tous\, or Edematose \E*de"ma*tose`\, a.
(Med.)
Same as {[oe]dematous}.
Eden \E"den\, n. [Heb. [=e]den delight, pleasure; also, a place
of pleasure, Eden.]
The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a
delightful region or residence.
Edenic \E*den"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to Eden; paradisaic. ``Edenic joys.'' --Mrs.
Browning.
Edenite \E"den*ite\, n. [From Edenville, N. Y.] (Min.)
A variety of amphibole. See {Amphibole}.
Edenized \E"den*ized\, a.
Admitted to a state of paradisaic happiness. [R.] --Davies
(Wit's Pilgr. ).
Edental \E*den"tal\, a.
See {Edentate}, a. -- n. (Zo["o]l.) One of the Edentata.
Edentalous \E*den"tal*ous\, a.
See {Edentate}, a.
Edentata \E`den*ta"ta\, n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L.
edentatus, p. p. of edentare to render toothless; e out +
dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of mammals including the armadillos, sloths, and
anteaters; -- called also {Bruta}. The incisor teeth are
rarely developed, and in some groups all the teeth are
lacking.
Edentate \E*den"tate\, a.
1. Destitute of teeth; as, an edentate quadruped; an edentate
leaf.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Belonging to the Edentata.
Edentate \E*den"tate\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Edentata.
Edentated \E*den`ta*ted\, a.
Same as {Edentate}, a.
Edentation \E`den*ta"tion\, n.
A depriving of teeth. [R.] --Cockeram.
Edentulous \E*den"tu*lous\ (?; 135), a. [L. edentulus; e out +
dens, dentis, tooth.]
Toothless.
Edge \Edge\, n. [OE. eg, egge, AS. ecg; akin to OHG. ekka, G.
ecke, Icel. & Sw. egg, Dan. eg, and to L. acies, Gr. ? point,
Skr. a?ri edge. ??. Cf. {Egg}, v. t., {Eager}, {Ear} spike of
corn, {Acute}.]
1. The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; as,
the edge of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe. Hence,
figuratively, that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds
deeply, etc.
He which hath the sharp sword with two edges. --Rev.
ii. 12.
Slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword.
--Shak.
2. Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme
verge; as, the edge of a table, a precipice.
Upon the edge of yonder coppice. --Shak.
In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge Of
battle. --Milton.
Pursue even to the very edge of destruction. --Sir
W. Scott.
3. Sharpness; readiness of fitness to cut; keenness;
intenseness of desire.
The full edge of our indignation. --Sir W.
Scott.
Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can
have, if we do not set an edge upon them by our
fears and by our vices. --Jer. Taylor.
4. The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the
beginning or early part; as, in the edge of evening. ``On
the edge of winter.'' --Milton.
{Edge joint} (Carp.), a joint formed by two edges making a
corner.
{Edge mill}, a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll
around on their edges, on a level circular bed; -- used
for ore, and as an oil mill. Called also {Chilian mill}.
{Edge molding} (Arch.), a molding whose section is made up of
two curves meeting in an angle.
{Edge plane}.
(a) (Carp.) A plane for edging boards.
(b) (Shoemaking) A plane for edging soles.
{Edge play}, a kind of swordplay in which backswords or
cutlasses are used, and the edge, rather than the point,
is employed.
{Edge rail}. (Railroad)
(a) A rail set on edge; -- applied to a rail of more depth
than width.
(b) A guard rail by the side of the main rail at a switch.
--Knight.
{Edge railway}, a railway having the rails set on edge.
{Edge stone}, a curbstone.
{Edge tool}.
(a) Any tool instrument having a sharp edge intended for
cutting.
(b) A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging
tool.
{To be on edge}, to be eager, impatient, or anxious.
{To set the teeth on edge}, to cause a disagreeable tingling
sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact
with them. --Bacon.
Edge \Edge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Edged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Edging}.]
1. To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen.
To edge her champion's sword. --Dryden.
2. To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool.
3. To furnish with a fringe or border; as, to edge a dress;
to edge a garden with box.
Hills whose tops were edged with groves. --Pope.
4. To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to
exasperate; to goad; to urge or egg on. [Obs.]
By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the
malicious edged. --Hayward.
5. To move by little and little or cautiously, as by pressing
forward edgewise; as, edging their chairs forwards.
--Locke.
Edge \Edge\, v. i.
1. To move sideways; to move gradually; as, edge along this
way.
2. To sail close to the wind.
I must edge up on a point of wind. --Dryden.
{To edge away} or {off} (Naut.), to increase the distance
gradually from the shore, vessel, or other object.
{To edge down} (Naut.), to approach by slow degrees, as when
a sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique
direction from the windward.
{To edge in}, to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees.
{To edge in with}, as with a coast or vessel (Naut.), to
advance gradually, but not directly, toward it.
Edgebone \Edge"bone`\, n.
Same as {Aitchbone}.
Edgeless \Edge"less\, a.
Without an edge; not sharp; blunt; obtuse; as, an edgeless
sword or weapon.
Edgelong \Edge"long\ (?; 115), adv.
In the direction of the edge. [Obs.]
Three hundred thousand pieces have you stuck Edgelong
into the ground. --B. Jonson.
Edgeshot \Edge"shot\, a. (Carp.)
Having an edge planed, -- said of a board. --Knight.
Edgeways \Edge"ways\, Edgewise \Edge"wise\, adv.
With the edge towards anything; in the direction of the edge.
Glad to get in a word, as they say, edgeways. --Sir W.
Scott.
Edging \Edg"ing\, n.
1. That which forms an edge or border, as the fringe,
trimming, etc., of a garment, or a border in a garden.
--Dryden.
2. The operation of shaping or dressing the edge of anything,
as of a piece of metal.
{Edging machine}, a machine tool with a revolving cutter, for
dressing edges, as of boards, or metal plates, to a
pattern or templet.
Edgingly \Edg"ing*ly\, adv.
Gradually; gingerly. [R.]
Edgy \Edg"y\, a. [From {Edge}.]
1. Easily irritated; sharp; as, an edgy temper.
2. (Fine Arts) Having some of the forms, such as drapery or
the like, too sharply defined. ``An edgy style of
sculpture.'' --Hazlitt.
Edh \Edh\, n.
The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter [eth], capital form [Edh].
It is sounded as ``English th in a similar word: [=o][eth]er,
other, d[^o][eth], doth.'' --March.
Edibility \Ed`i*bil"i*ty\, n.
Suitableness for being eaten; edibleness.
Edible \Ed"i*ble\, a. [L. edibilis, fr. edere to eat. See
{Eat}.]
Fit to be eaten as food; eatable; esculent; as, edible
fishes. --Bacon. -- n. Anything edible.
{Edible bird's nest}. See {Bird's nest}, 2.
{Edible crab} (Zo["o]l.), any species of crab used as food,
esp. the American blue crab ({Callinectes hastatus}). See
{Crab}.
{Edible frog} (Zo["o]l.), the common European frog ({Rana
esculenta}), used as food.
{Edible snail} (Zo["o]l.), any snail used as food, esp.
{Helix pomatia} and {H. aspersa} of Europe.
Edibleness \Ed"i*ble*ness\, n.
Suitableness for being eaten.
Edict \E"dict\, n. [L. edictum, fr. edicere, edictum, to
declare, proclaim; e out + dicere to say: cf. F. ['e]dit. See
{Diction}.]
A public command or ordinance by the sovereign power; the
proclamation of a law made by an absolute authority, as if by
the very act of announcement; a decree; as, the edicts of the
Roman emperors; the edicts of the French monarch.
It stands as an edict in destiny. --Shak.
{Edict of Nantes} (French Hist.), an edict issued by Henry
IV. (A. D. 1598), giving toleration to Protestants. Its
revocation by Louis XIV. (A. D. 1685) was followed by
terrible persecutions and the expatriation of thousands of
French Protestants.
Syn: Decree; proclamation; law; ordinance; statute; rule;
order; manifesti; command. See {Law}.
Edictal \E*dic"tal\, a.
Relating to, or consisting of, edicts; as, the Roman edictal
law.
Edificant \Ed"i*fi*cant\, a. [L. aedificans, -antis, p. pr. of
aedificare. See {Edify}.]
Building; constructing. [R.] --Dugard.
Edification \Ed`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. aedificatio: cf. F.
['e]dification. See {Edify}.]
1. The act of edifying, or the state of being edified; a
building up, especially in a moral or spiritual sense;
moral, intellectual, or spiritual improvement;
instruction.
The assured edification of his church. --Bp. Hall.
Out of these magazines I shall supply the town with
what may tend to their edification. --Addison.
2. A building or edifice. [Obs.] --Bullokar.
Edificatory \Ed"i*fi*ca`to*ry\, a.
Tending to edification. --Bp. Hall.
Edifice \Ed"i*fice\, n. [L. aedificium, fr. aedificare: cf. F.
['e]difice. See {Edify}.]
A building; a structure; an architectural fabric; -- chiefly
applied to elegant houses, and other large buildings; as, a
palace, a church, a statehouse.
Edificial \Ed`i*fi"cial\, a. [L. aedificialis.]
Pertaining to an edifice; structural.
Edifier \Ed"i*fi`er\, n.
1. One who builds. [Obs.]
2. One who edifies, builds up, or strengthens another by
moral or religious instruction.
Edify \Ed"i*fy\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Edified}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Edifying}.] [F. ['e]difier, L. aedificare; aedes a building,
house, orig., a fireplace (akin to Gr. ? to burn, Skr. idh to
kindle, OHG. eit funeral pile, AS. [=a]d, OIr. aed fire) +
facere to make. See {Fact}, {-fy}.]
1. To build; to construct. [Archaic]
There was a holy chapel edified. --Spenser.
2. To instruct and improve, especially in moral and religious
knowledge; to teach.
It does not appear probable that our dispute [about
miracles] would either edify or enlighten the
public. --Gibbon.
3. To teach or persuade. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Edify \Ed"i*fy\, v. i.
To improve. [R.] --Swift.
Edifying \Ed"i*fy`ing\, a.
Instructing; improving; as, an edifying conversation. --
{Ed"i*fy`ing*ly}, adv. -- {Ed"i*fy`ing*ness}, n.
Edile \E"dile\, n. [L. aedilis: cf. F. ['e]dile. Cf.
{[AE]dile}.] (Rom. Antiq.)
See {[AE]dile}.
Edileship \E"dile*ship\, n.
The office of [ae]dile. --T. Arnold.
Edingtonite \Ed"ing*ton*ite\, n. (Min.)
A grayish white zeolitic mineral, in tetragonal crystals. It
is a hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta.
Edit \Ed"it\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Edited}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Editing}.] [F. ['e]diter, or L. editus, p. p. of edere to
give out, put forth, publish; e out + dare to give. See
{Date} a point of time.]
To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for
publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter
of, for publication; as, to edit a newspaper.
Philosophical treatises which have never been edited.
--Enfield.
Edition \E*di"tion\, n. [L. editio, fr. edere to publish; cf. F.
['e]dition. See {Edit}.]
1. A literary work edited and published, as by a certain
editor or in a certain manner; as, a good edition of
Chaucer; Chalmers' edition of Shakespeare.
2. The whole number of copies of a work printed and published
at one time; as, the first edition was soon sold.
'Edition de luxe \['E]`di`tion" de luxe"\ [F.]
See {Luxe}.
Editioner \E*di`tion*er\, n.
An editor. [Obs.]
Editor \Ed"i*tor\, n. [L., that which produces, from edere to
publish: cf. F. ['e]diteur.]
One who edits; esp., a person who prepares, superintends,
revises, and corrects a book, magazine, or newspaper, etc.,
for publication.
Editorial \Ed`i*to"ri*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an
editor; as, editorial labors; editorial remarks.
Editorial \Ed`i*to"ri*al\, n.
A leading article in a newspaper or magazine; an editorial
article; an article published as an expression of the views
of the editor.
Editorially \Ed`i*to"ri*al*ly\, adv.
In the manner or character of an editor or of an editorial
article.
Editorship \Ed"i*tor*ship\, n.
The office or charge of an editor; care and superintendence
of a publication.
Editress \Ed"i*tress\, n.
A female editor.
Edituate \E*dit"u*ate\, v. t. [LL. aedituatus, p. p. of
aedituare, fr. L. aedituus a temple warden; aedes building,
temple + tueri to guard.]
To guard as a churchwarden does. [Obs.] --J. Gregory.
Edomite \E"dom*ite\, n.
One of the descendants of Esau or Edom, the brother of Jacob;
an Idumean.
Edriophthalma \Ed`ri*oph*thal"ma\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
steadfast + ? the eye.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of Crustacea in which the eyes are without stalks;
the Arthrostraca. [Written also {Edriophthalmata}.]
Edriophthalmous \Ed`ri*oph*thal"mous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the Edriophthalma.
Educability \Ed`u*ca*bil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]ducabilit['e].]
Capability of being educated.
Educable \Ed"u*ca*ble\ (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. ['e]ducable.]
Capable of being educated. ``Men are educable.'' --M. Arnold.
Educate \Ed"u*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Educated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Educating}.] [L. educatus, p. p. of educare to bring
up a child physically or mentally, to educate, fr. educere to
?ed forth, bring up (a child). See {Educe}.]
To bring ??? or guide the powers of, as a child; to develop
and cultivate, whether physically, mentally, or morally, but
more commonly limited to the mental activities or senses; to
expand, strengthen, and discipline, as the mind, a faculty,
etc.,; to form and regulate the principles and character of;
to prepare and fit for any calling or business by systematic
instruction; to cultivate; to train; to instruct; as, to
educate a child; to educate the eye or the taste.
Syn: To develop; instruct; teach; inform; enlighten; edify;
bring up; train; breed; rear; discipline; indoctrinate.
Educated \Ed"u*ca`ted\, a.
Formed or developed by education; as, an educated man.
Education \Ed`u*ca"tion\ (?; 135), n. [L. educatio; cf. F.
['e]ducation.]
The act or process of educating; the result of educating, as
determined by the knowledge skill, or discipline of
character, acquired; also, the act or process of training by
a prescribed or customary course of study or discipline; as,
an education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his
education.
To prepare us for complete living is the function which
education has to discharge. --H. Spenser.
Syn: {Education}, {Instruction}, {Teaching}, {Training},
{Breeding}.
Usage: Education, properly a drawing forth, implies not so
much the communication of knowledge as the discipline
of the intellect, the establishment of the principles,
and the regulation of the heart. Instruction is that
part of education which furnishes the mind with
knowledge. Teaching is the same, being simply more
familiar. It is also applied to practice; as, teaching
to speak a language; teaching a dog to do tricks.
Training is a department of education in which the
chief element is exercise or practice for the purpose
of imparting facility in any physical or mental
operation. Breeding commonly relates to the manners
and outward conduct.
Educational \Ed`u*ca"tion*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to education. ``His educational
establishment.'' --J. H. Newman.
Educationist \Ed`u*ca"tion*ist\, n.
One who is versed in the theories of, or who advocates and
promotes, education.
Educative \Ed"u*ca*tive\ (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. ['e]ducatif.]
Tending to educate; that gives education; as, an educative
process; an educative experience.
Educator \Ed"u*ca`tor\, n. [L.]
One who educates; a teacher.
Educe \E*duce"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Educed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Educing}.] [L. educere; e out + ducere to lead. See {Duke}.]
To bring or draw out; to cause to appear; to produce against
counter agency or influence; to extract; to evolve; as, to
educe a form from matter.
The eternal art educing good from ill. --Pope.
They want to educe and cultivate what is best and
noblest in themselves. --M. Arnold.
Educible \E*du"ci*ble\, a.
Capable of being educed.
Educt \E"duct\, n. [L. eductum, fr. educere.]
That which is educed, as by analysis. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Eduction \E*duc"tion\, n. [L. eductio.]
The act of drawing out or bringing into view.
{Eduction pipe}, & {Eduction port}. See {Exhaust pipe} and
{Exhaust port}, under {Exhaust}, a.
Eductive \E*duc"tive\, a.
Tending to draw out; extractive.
Eductor \E*duc"tor\, n. [L., tutor.]
One who, or that which, brings forth, elicits, or extracts.
Stimulus must be called an eductor of vital ether. --E.
Darwin.
Edulcorant \E*dul"co*rant\, a. [See {Edulcorate}.]
Having a tendency to purify or to sweeten by removing or
correcting acidity and acrimony.
Edulcorant \E*dul"co*rant\, n.
An edulcorant remedy.
Edulcorate \E*dul"co*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Edulcorated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Edulcorating}.] [L. e out + dulcoratus, p.
p. of dulcorare to sweeten, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis
sweet: cf. F. ['e]dulcorer.]
1. To render sweet; to sweeten; to free from acidity.
Succory . . . edulcorated with sugar and vinegar.
--Evelyn.
2. (Chem.) To free from acids, salts, or other soluble
substances, by washing; to purify. [R.]
Edulcoration \E*dul`co*ra"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]dulcoration.]
1. The act of sweetening or edulcorating.
2. (Chem.) The act of freeing from acids or any soluble
substances, by affusions of water. [R.] --Ure.
Edulcorative \E*dul"co*ra*tive\, a.
Tending to ?weeten or purify by affusions of water.
Edulcorator \E*dul"co*ra`tor\, n.
A contrivance used to supply small quantities of sweetened
liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to test tubes, etc.;
a dropping bottle.
Edulious \E*du"li*ous\, a. [L. edulis, fr. edere to eat.]
Edible. [Obs.] ``Edulious pulses.'' --Sir T. Browne.
-ee \-ee\ [Formed on the F. p. p. ending -['e], masc.]
A suffix used, chiefly in law terms, in a passive
signification, to indicate the direct or indirect object of
an action, or the one to whom an act is done or on whom a
right is conferred; as in assignee, donee, alienee, grantee,
etc. It is correlative to -or, the agent or doer.
Eek \Eek\, Eeke \Eeke\, v. t.
See {Eke}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Eel \Eel\, n. [AS. ?l; akin to D., G., & Dan. aal, Icel. [=a]ll,
Sw. [*a]l.] (Zo["o]l.)
An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels
of Europe and America belong to the genus {Anguilla}. The
electrical eel is a species of {Gymnotus}. The so called
{vinegar eel} is a minute nematode worm. See {Conger eel},
{Electric eel}, and {Gymnotus}.
Eelbuck \Eel"buck`\, n.
An eelpot or eel basket.
Eelfare \Eel"fare`\, n. [Eel + fare a journey or passage.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A brood of eels. [Prov. Eng.]
Eelgrass \Eel"grass`\, n. (Bot.)
A plant ({Zostera marina}), with very long and narrow leaves,
growing abundantly in shallow bays along the North Atlantic
coast.
Eel-mother \Eel"-moth`er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The eelpout.
Eelpot \Eel"pot`\, n.
A boxlike structure with funnel-shaped traps for catching
eels; an eelbuck.
Eelpout \Eel"pout`\, n. [AS. ?lepute.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A European fish ({Zoarces viviparus}), remarkable for
producing living young; -- called also {greenbone},
{guffer}, {bard}, and {Maroona eel}. Also, an American
species ({Z. anguillaris}), -- called also {mutton fish},
and, erroneously, {congo eel}, {ling}, and {lamper eel}.
Both are edible, but of little value.
(b) A fresh-water fish, the burbot.
Eelspear \Eel"spear`\, n.
A spear with barbed forks for spearing eels.
E'en \E'en\, adv.
A contraction for even. See {Even}.
I have e'en done with you. --L'Estrange.
Een \Een\, n.
The old plural of {Eye}.
And eke with fatness swollen were his een. --Spenser.
E'er \E'er\ (?; 277), adv.
A contraction for ever. See {Ever}.
Eerie \Ee"rie\, Eery \Ee"ry\, a. [Scotch, fr. AS. earh timid.]
1. Serving to inspire fear, esp. a dread of seeing ghosts;
wild; weird; as, eerie stories.
She whose elfin prancer springs By night to eery
warblings. --Tennyson.
2. Affected with fear; affrighted. --Burns.
Eerily \Ee"ri*ly\, adv.
In a strange, unearthly way.
Eerisome \Ee"ri*some\, a.
Causing fear; eerie. [Scot.]
Eet \Eet\, obs. imp.
of {Eat}. --Chaucer.
Effable \Ef"fa*ble\, a. [L. effabilis; ex out + fari to speak.]
Capable of being uttered or explained; utterable. --Barrow.
Efface \Ef*face"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Effaced}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Effacing}.] [F. effacer; pref. es- (L. ex) + face face;
prop., to destroy the face or form. See {Face}, and cf.
{Deface}.]
1. To cause to disappear (as anything impresses or inscribed
upon a surface) by rubbing out, striking out, etc.; to
erase; to render illegible or indiscernible; as, to efface
the letters on a monument, or the inscription on a coin.
2. To destroy, as a mental impression; to wear away.
Efface from his mind the theories and notions
vulgarly received. --Bacon.
Syn: To blot out; expunge; erase; obliterate; cancel;
destroy. -- {Efface}, {Deface}. To deface is to injure
or impair a figure; to efface is to rub out or destroy,
so as to render invisible.
Effaceable \Ef*face"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being effaced.
Effacement \Ef*face"ment\, n. [Cf. F. effacement.]
The act if effacing; also, the result of the act.
Effascinate \Ef*fas"ci*nate\, v. t. [L. effascinare.]
To charm; to bewitch. [Obs.] --Heywood.
Effascination \Ef*fas`ci*na"tion\, n. [L. effascinatio.]
A charming; state of being bewitched or deluded. [Obs.]
Effect \Ef*fect"\, n. [L. effectus, fr. efficere, effectum, to
effect; ex + facere to make: cf. F. effet, formerly also
spelled effect. See {Fact}.]
1. Execution; performance; realization; operation; as, the
law goes into effect in May.
That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my
fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and
it. --Shak.
2. Manifestation; expression; sign.
All the large effects That troop with majesty.
--Shak.
3. In general: That which is produced by an agent or cause;
the event which follows immediately from an antecedent,
called the cause; result; consequence; outcome; fruit; as,
the effect of luxury.
The effect is the unfailing index of the amount of
the cause. --Whewell.
4. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced.
Patchwork . . . introduced for oratorical effect.
--J. C.
Shairp.
The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely
nature of the place. --W. Irving.
5. Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance;
account; as, to speak with effect.
6. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; --
with to.
They spake to her to that effect. --2 Chron.
xxxiv. 22.
7. The purport; the sum and substance. ``The effect of his
intent.'' --Chaucer.
8. Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere
appearance.
No other in effect than what it seems. --Denham.
9. pl. Goods; movables; personal estate; -- sometimes used to
embrace real as well as personal property; as, the people
escaped from the town with their effects.
{For effect}, for an exaggerated impression or excitement.
{In effect}, in fact; in substance. See 8, above.
{Of no effect}, {Of none effect}, {To no effect}, or {Without
effect}, destitute of results, validity, force, and the like;
vain; fruitless. ``Making the word of God of none effect
through your tradition.'' --Mark vii. 13. ``All my study
be to no effect.'' --Shak.
{To give effect to}, to make valid; to carry out in practice;
to push to its results.
{To take effect}, to become operative, to accomplish aims.
--Shak.
Syn: {Effect}, {Consequence}, {Result}.
Usage: These words indicate things which arise out of some
antecedent, or follow as a consequent. Effect, which
may be regarded as the generic term, denotes that
which springs directly from something which can
properly be termed a cause. A consequence is more
remote, not being strictly caused, nor yet a mere
sequence, but following out of and following
indirectly, or in the train of events, something on
which it truly depends. A result is still more remote
and variable, like the rebound of an elastic body
which falls in very different directions. We may
foresee the effects of a measure, may conjecture its
consequences, but can rarely discover its final
results.
Resolving all events, with their effects And
manifold results, into the will And arbitration
wise of the Supreme. --Cowper.
Shun the bitter consequence, for know, The day
thou eatest thereof, . . . thou shalt die.
--Milton.
Effect \Ef*fect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Effected}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Effecting}.]
1. To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be.
So great a body such exploits to effect. --Daniel.
2. To bring to pass; to execute; to enforce; to achieve; to
accomplish.
To effect that which the divine counsels had
decreed. --Bp. Hurd.
They sailed away without effecting their purpose.
--Jowett (Th.
).
Syn: To accomplish; fulfill; achieve; complete; execute;
perform; attain. See {Accomplish}.
Effecter \Ef*fect"er\, n.
One who effects.
Effectible \Ef*fect"i*ble\, a.
Capable of being done or achieved; practicable; feasible.
--Sir T. Browne.
Effection \Ef*fec"tion\, n. [L. effectio: cf. F. effection.]
Creation; a doing. [R.] --Sir M. Hale.
Effective \Ef*fect"ive\, a. [L. effectivus: cf. F. effectif.]
Having the power to produce an effect or effects; producing a
decided or decisive effect; efficient; serviceable;
operative; as, an effective force, remedy, speech; the
effective men in a regiment.
They are not effective of anything, nor leave no work
behind them. --Bacon.
Whosoever is an effective, real cause of doing his
heighbor wrong, is criminal. --Jer. Taylor.
Syn: Efficient; forcible; active; powerful; energetic;
competent. See {Effectual}.
Effective \Ef*fect"ive\, n.
1. That which produces a given effect; a cause. --Jer.
Taylor.
2. One who is capable of active service.
He assembled his army -- 20,000 effectives -- at
Corinth. --W. P.
Johnston.
3. [F. effectif real, effective, real amount.] (Com.) Specie
or coin, as distinguished from paper currency; -- a term
used in many parts of Europe. --Simmonds.
Effectively \Ef*fect"ive*ly\, adv.
With effect; powerfully; completely; thoroughly.
Effectiveness \Ef*fect"ive*ness\, n.
The quality of being effective.
Effectless \Ef*fect"less\, a.
Without effect or advantage; useless; bootless. --Shak. --
{Ef*fect"less*ly}, adv.
Effector \Ef*fect"or\, n. [L.]
An effecter. --Derham.
Effectual \Ef*fec"tu*al\ (?; 135), a. [See {Effect}, n.]
Producing, or having adequate power or force to produce, an
intended effect; adequate; efficient; operative; decisive.
--Shak.
Effectual steps for the suppression of the rebellion.
--Macaulay.
{Effectual calling} (Theol.), a doctrine concerning the work
of the Holy Spirit in producing conviction of sin and
acceptance of salvation by Christ, -- one of the five
points of Calvinism. See {Calvinism}.
Syn: {Effectual}, {Efficacious}, {Effective}.
Usage: An efficacious remedy is had recourse to, and proves
effective if it does decided good, effectual if it
does all the good desired. --C. J. Smith.
Effectually \Ef*fec"tu*al*ly\, adv.
1. With effect; efficaciously.
2. Actually; in effect. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Effectualness \Ef*fec"tu*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being effectual.
Effectuate \Ef*fec"tu*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Effectuated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Effectuating}.] [Cf. F. effectuer. See
{Effect}, n. & v. t.]
To bring to pass; to effect; to achieve; to accomplish; to
fulfill.
A fit instrument to effectuate his desire. --Sir P.
Sidney.
In order to effectuate the thorough reform. --G. T.
Curtis.
Effectuation \Ef*fec`tu*a"tion\, n.
Act of effectuating.
Effectuose \Ef*fec"tu*ose`\, Effectuous \Ef*fec"tu*ous\, a.
Effective. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Effectuously \Ef*fec"tu*ous*ly\, adv.
Effectively. [Obs.]
Effeminacy \Ef*fem"i*na*cy\, n.; pl. {Effeminacies}. [From
{Effeminate}.]
Characteristic quality of a woman, such as softness,
luxuriousness, delicacy, or weakness, which is unbecoming a
man; womanish delicacy or softness; -- used reproachfully of
men. --Milton.
Effeminate \Ef*fem"i*nate\, a. [L. effeminatus, p. p. of
effeminare to make a woman of; ex out + femina a woman. See
{Feminine}, a.]
1. Having some characteristic of a woman, as delicacy,
luxuriousness, etc.; soft or delicate to an unmanly
degree; womanish; weak.
The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage,
became effeminate, and less sensible of honor.
--Bacon.
An effeminate and unmanly foppery. --Bp. Hurd.
2. Womanlike; womanly; tender; -- in a good sense.
Gentle, kind, effeminate remorse. --Shak.
Note: Effeminate and womanish are generally used in a
reproachful sense; feminine and womanly, applied to
women, are epithets of propriety or commendation.
Effeminate \Ef*fem"i*nate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Effeminated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Effeminating}.]
To make womanish; to make soft and delicate; to weaken.
It will not corrupt or effeminate children's minds.
--Locke.
Effeminate \Ef*fem"i*nate\, v. i.
To grow womanish or weak.
In a slothful peace both courage will effeminate and
manners corrupt. --Pope.
Effeminately \Ef*fem"i*nate*ly\, adv.
1. In an effeminate or womanish manner; weakly; softly;
delicately. ``Proud and effeminately gay.'' --Fawkes.
2. By means of a woman; by the power or art of a woman. [R.]
``Effeminately vanquished.'' --Milton.
Effeminateness \Ef*fem"i*nate*ness\, n.
The state of being effeminate; unmanly softness. --Fuller.
Effemination \Ef*fem`i*na"tion\, n. [L. effeminatio.]
Effeminacy; womanishness. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Effeminize \Ef*fem"i*nize\, v. t.
To make effeminate. [Obs.]
Effendi \Ef*fen"di\, n. [Turk. efendi, fr. Modern Gr. ?, fr. Gr.
? a chief. See {Authentic}.]
Master; sir; -- a title of a Turkish state official and man
of learning, especially one learned in the law.
Efferent \Ef"fe*rent\, a. [L. efferens, -entis, p. pr. of effere
to bear out; ex out + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.)
(a) Conveying outward, or discharging; -- applied to certain
blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, etc.
(b) Conveyed outward; as, efferent impulses, i. e., such as
are conveyed by the motor or efferent nerves from the
central nervous organ outwards; -- opposed to {afferent}.
Efferent \Ef"fe*rent\, n.
An efferent duct or stream.
Efferous \Ef"fer*ous\, a. [L. efferus savage; ex (intens.) +
ferus wild.]
Like a wild beast; fierce. [Obs.]
Effervesce \Ef`fer*vesce"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Effervesced};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Effervescing}.] [L. effervescere; ex +
fervescere to begin boiling, incho., fr. fervere to boil. See
{Fervent}.]
1. To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bubble and
hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when some part
escapes in a gaseous form.
2. To exhibit, in lively natural expression, feelings that
can not be repressed or concealed; as, to effervesce with
joy or merriment.
Effervescence \Ef`fer*ves"cence\, Effervescency
\Ef`fer*ves"cen*cy\, n. [Cf. F. effervescence.]
A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid which
takes place when some part of the mass flies off in a gaseous
form, producing innumerable small bubbles; as, the
effervescence of a carbonate with citric acid.
Effervescent \Ef`fer*ves"cent\, a. [L. effervescences, p. pr. of
effervescere: cf. F. effervescent.]
Gently boiling or bubbling, by means of the disengagement of
gas
Effervescible \Ef`fer*ves"ci*ble\, a.
Capable of effervescing.
Effervescive \Ef`fer*ves"cive\, a.
Tending to produce effervescence. ``An effervescive force.''
--Hickok.
Effet \Ef"fet\, n. [See {Eft}, n.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common newt; -- called also {asker}, {eft}, {evat}, and
{ewt}.
Effete \Ef*fete"\, a. [L. effetus that has brought forth,
exhausted; ex + fetus that has brought forth. See {Fetus}.]
No longer capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit,
as the earth; hence, worn out with age; exhausted of energy;
incapable of efficient action; no longer productive; barren;
sterile.
Effete results from virile efforts. --Mrs.
Browning
If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . .
. they may seek new ones. --Burke.
Efficacious \Ef`fi*ca"cious\, a. [L. eficax, -acis, fr.
efficere. See {Effect}, n.]
Possessing the quality of being effective; productive of, or
powerful to produce, the effect intended; as, an efficacious
law.
Syn: See {Effectual}. -- {Ef`fi*ca"cious*ly}, adv. --
{Ef`fi*ca"cious*ness}, n.
Efficacity \Ef`fi*cac"i*ty\, n. [L. efficacitas: cf. F.
efficacit['e].]
Efficacy. [R.] --J. Fryth.
Efficacy \Ef"fi*ca*cy\, n. [L. efficacia, fr. efficax. See
{Efficacious}.]
Power to produce effects; operation or energy of an agent or
force; production of the effect intended; as, the efficacy of
medicine in counteracting disease; the efficacy of prayer.
``Of noxious efficacy.'' --Milton.
Syn: Virtue; force; energy; potency; efficiency.
Efficience \Ef*fi"cience\, Efficiency \Ef*fi"cien*cy\, n. [L.
efficientia.]
1. The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or
effects; efficient power; effectual agency.
The manner of this divine efficiency being far above
us. --Hooker.
2. (Mech.) The ratio of useful work to energy expended.
--Rankine.
{Efficiency of a heat engine}, the ratio of the work done an
engine, to the work due to the heat supplied to it.
Efficient \Ef*fi"cient\, a. [L. efficiens, -entis, p. pr. of
efficere to effect: cf. F. efficient. See {Effect}, n.]
Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to
be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or
incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity;
as, an efficient officer, power.
The efficient cause is the working cause. --Wilson.
Syn: Effective; effectual; competent; able; capable;
material; potent.
Efficient \Ef*fi"cient\, n.
An efficient cause; a prime mover.
God . . . moveth mere natural agents as an efficient
only. --Hooker.
Efficiently \Ef*fi"cient*ly\, adv.
With effect; effectively.
Effierce \Ef*fierce"\, v. t. [Pref. ex- (intens.) + fierce.]
To make fierce. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Effigial \Ef*fig"i*al\, a.
Relating to an effigy.
Effigiate \Ef*fig"i*ate\, v. t. [L. effigiatus, p. p. of
effigiare to form, fr. effigies. See {Effigy}.]
To form as an effigy; hence, to fashion; to adapt.
[He must] effigiate and conform himself to those
circumstances. --Jer. Taylor.
Effigiation \Ef*fig`i*a"tion\, n. [Cf. LL. effigiatio.]
The act of forming in resemblance; an effigy. --Fuller.
Effigies \Ef*fig"i*es\, n. [L.]
See {Effigy}. --Dryden.
Effigy \Ef"fi*gy\, n.; pl. {Effigies}. [L. effigies, fr.
effingere to form, fashion; ex + fingere to form, shape,
devise. See {Feign}.]
The image, likeness, or representation of a person, whether a
full figure, or a part; an imitative figure; -- commonly
applied to sculptured likenesses, as those on monuments, or
to those of the heads of princes on coins and medals,
sometimes applied to portraits.
{To burn}, or {To hang}, {in effigy}, to burn or to hang an
image or picture of a person, as a token of public odium.
Efflagitate \Ef*flag"i*tate\, v. t. [L. efflagitatus, p. p. of
efflagitare.]
To ask urgently. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Efflate \Ef*flate"\, v. t. [L. efflatus, p. p. of efflare to
blow or breathe out; ex + flare to blow.]
To fill with breath; to puff up. --Sir T. Herbert.
Efflation \Ef*fla"tion\, n.
The act of filling with wind; a breathing or puffing out; a
puff, as of wind.
A soft efflation of celestial fire. --Parnell.
Effloresce \Ef`flo*resce"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Effloresced};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Efflorescing}.] [L. efflorescere to bloom,
blossom; ex + florescere to begin to blossom, incho., fr.
florere to blossom, fr. flos a flower. See {Flower}.]
1. To blossom forth. --Carlyle.
2. (Chem.) To change on the surface, or throughout, to a
whitish, mealy, or crystalline powder, from a gradual
decomposition, esp. from the loss of water, on simple
exposure to the air; as, Glauber's salts, and many others,
effloresce.
3. To become covered with a whitish crust or light
crystallization, from a slow chemical change between some
of the ingredients of the matter covered and an acid
proceeding commonly from an external source; as, the walls
of limestone caverns sometimes effloresce with nitrate of
calcium in consequence of the action in consequence of
nitric acid formed in the atmosphere.
Efflorescence \Ef`flo*res"cence\, n. [F. efflorescence.]
1. (Bot.) Flowering, or state of flowering; the blooming of
flowers; blowth.
2. (Med.) A redness of the skin; eruption, as in rash,
measles, smallpox, scarlatina, etc.
3. (Chem.)
(a) The formation of the whitish powder or crust on the
surface of efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc.
(b) The powder or crust thus formed.
Efflorescency \Ef`flo*res"cen*cy\, n.
The state or quality of being efflorescent; efflorescence.
Efflorescent \Ef`flo*res"cent\, a. [F. efflorescent, L.
efflorescens, -entis, blooming, p. pr. of efflorescere. See
{Effloresce}, v. i.]
1. That effloresces, or is liable to effloresce on exposure;
as, an efflorescent salt.
2. Covered with an efflorescence.
Efflower \Ef*flow"er\, v. t. [Cf. F. effleurer.] (Leather
Making)
To remove the epidermis of (a skin) with a concave knife,
blunt in its middle part, -- as in making chamois leather.
Effluence \Ef"flu*ence\, n. [Cf. F. effluence.]
1. A flowing out, or emanation.
2. That which flows or issues from any body or substance;
issue; efflux.
Bright effluence of bright essence increate!
--Milton.
And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been
but the effluence of these two mortal hearts, it
vanished with their sorrow. --Hawthorne.
Effluency \Ef"flu*en*cy\, n.
Effluence.
Effluent \Ef"flu*ent\, a. [L. effluens, -entis, p. pr. of
effluere to flow out; ex + fluere to flow: cf. F. effluent.
See {Fluent}.]
Flowing out; as, effluent beams. --Parnell.
Effluent \Ef"flu*ent\, n. (Geog.)
A stream that flows out of another stream or lake.
Effluviable \Ef*flu"vi*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being given off as an effluvium. ``Effluviable
matter.'' --Boyle.
Effluvial \Ef*flu"vi*al\, a.
Belonging to effluvia.
Effluviate \Ef*flu"vi*ate\, v. i.
To give forth effluvium. [R.] ``An effluviating power.''
--Boyle.
Effluvium \Ef*flu"vi*um\, n.; pl. {Effluvia}. [L., a flowing
out, fr. effluere to flow out. See {Effluent}, a.]
Subtile or invisible emanation; exhalation perceived by the
sense of smell; especially, noisome or noxious exhalation;
as, the effluvium from diseased or putrefying bodies, or from
ill drainage.
Efflux \Ef"flux\, n. [See {Effluent}, {Flux}.]
1. The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth;
effusion; outflow; as, the efflux of matter from an ulcer;
the efflux of men's piety.
It is then that the devout affections . . . are
incessantly in efflux. --I. Taylor.
2. That which flows out; emanation; effluence.
Prime cheerer, light! . . . Efflux divine.
--Thomson.
Efflux \Ef*flux"\, v. i.
To run out; to flow forth; to pass away. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Effluxion \Ef*flux"ion\, n. [From {Efflux}.]
1. The act of flowing out; effusion.
2. That which flows out; effluvium; emanation.
Some light effluxions from spirit to spirit.
--Bacon.
Effodient \Ef*fo"di*ent\, a. [L. effodiens, p. pr. of effodere
to dig out; ex + fodere to dig.]
Digging up.
Efforce \Ef*force\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Efforced}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Efforcing}.] [OF. esforcier (F. s'efforcer to exert one's
self), LL. exforciare; L. ex + fortis strong. See {Force}.]
To force; to constrain; to compel to yield. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Efform \Ef*form"\, v. t. [Pref. ex- + form.]
To form; to shape. [Obs.]
Efforming their words within their lips. --Jer. Taylor.
Efformation \Ef`for*ma"tion\, n.
The act of giving shape or form. [Obs.] --Ray.
Effort \Ef"fort\, n. [F. effort, OF. esfort, for esfors, esforz,
fr. esforcier. See {Efforce}.]
1. An exertion of strength or power, whether physical or
mental, in performing an act or aiming at an object; more
or less strenuous endeavor; struggle directed to the
accomplishment of an object; as, an effort to scale a
wall.
We prize the stronger effort of his power. --Pope.
2. (Mech.) A force acting on a body in the direction of its
motion. --Rankine.
Syn: Endeavor; exertion; struggle; strain; straining;
attempt; trial; essay. See {Attempt}.
Effort \Ef"fort\, v. t.
To stimulate. [Obs.] ``He efforted his spirits.'' --Fuller.
Effortless \Ef"fort*less\, a.
Making no effort. --Southey.
Effossion \Ef*fos"sion\, n. [L. effossio. See {Effodient}.]
A digging out or up. [R.] ``The effossion of coins.''
--Arbuthnot.
Effranchise \Ef*fran"chise\, v. t. [Pref. ex- + franchise: cf.
OF. esfranchir.]
To enfranchise.
Effray \Ef*fray"\, v. t. [F. effrayer. See {Affray}.]
To frighten; to scare. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Effrayable \Ef*fray"a*ble\, a.
Frightful. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Effrenation \Ef`fre*na"tion\, n. [L. effrenatio, fr. effrenare
to unbridle; ex + frenum a bridle.]
Unbridled license; unruliness. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Effront \Ef*front"\, v. t.
To give assurance to. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Effrontery \Ef*front"er*y\, n.; pl. {Effronteries}. [F.
effronterie, fr. effront['e] shameless, fr. L. effrons,
-ontis, putting forth the forehead, i. e., barefaced,
shameless; ex + frons the forehead. See {Front}.]
Impudence or boldness in confronting or in transgressing the
bounds of duty or decorum; insulting presumptuousness;
shameless boldness; barefaced assurance.
Corruption lost nothing of its effrontery. --Bancroft.
Syn: Impudence; sauciness. See {Impudence}.
Effrontit \Ef*front"it\, a. [F. effront['e].]
Marked by impudence. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Effrontuously \Ef*fron"tu*ous*ly\ (?; 135), adv.
Impudently. [Obs.] --R. North.
Effulge \Ef*fulge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Effulged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Effulging}.] [L. effulgere to shine forth; ex +
fulgere to flash, shine. See {Fulgent}.]
To cause to shine with abundance of light; to radiate; to
beam. [R.]
His eyes effulging a peculiar fire. --Thomson.
Effulge \Ef*fulge"\, v. i.
To shine forth; to beam.
Effulgence \Ef*ful"gence\, n.
The state of being effulgent; extreme brilliancy; a flood of
light; great luster or brightness; splendor.
The effulgence of his glory abides. --Milton.
The bright and the balmy effulgence of morn. --Beattie.
Effulgent \Ef*ful"gent\, a. [L. effulgens, -entis, p. pr. of
effulgere.]
Diffusing a flood of light; shining; luminous; beaming;
bright; splendid. ``Effulgent rays of light.'' --Cowper.
Effulgently \Ef*ful"gent*ly\, adv.
In an effulgent manner.
Effumability \Ef*fu`ma*bil"i*ty\, n.
The capability of flying off in fumes or vapor. [Obs.]
--Boyle.
Effume \Ef*fume"\, v. t. [L. effumare to emit smoke; ex + fumare
to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.]
To breathe or puff out. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Effund \Ef*fund"\, v. t. [L. effundere. See {Effuse}.]
To pour out. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Effuse \Ef*fuse"\, a. [L. effusus, p. p. of effundere to pour
out; ex + fundere to pour. See {Fuse} to melt.]
1. Poured out freely; profuse. [Obs.]
So should our joy be very effuse. --Barrow.
2. Disposed to pour out freely; prodigal. [Obs.] --Young.
3. (Bot.) Spreading loosely, especially on one side; as, an
effuse inflorescence. --Loudon.
4. (Zo["o]l.) Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture
abruptly spreading; -- said of certain shells.
Effuse \Ef*fuse"\, n.
Effusion; loss. ``Much effuse of blood.'' --Shak.
Effuse \Ef*fuse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Effused}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Effusing}.]
To pour out like a stream or freely; to cause to exude; to
shed. [R.]
With gushing blood effused. --Milton.
Effuse \Ef*fuse"\, v. i.
To emanate; to issue. --Thomson.
Effusion \Ef*fu"sion\, n. [L. effusio: cf. F. effusion.]
1. The act of pouring out; as, effusion of water, of blood,
of grace, of words, and the like.
To save the effusion of my people's blood. --Dryden.
2. That which is poured out, literally or figuratively.
Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall be
whiter than sow. --Eikon
Basilike.
The light effusions of a heedless boy. --Byron.
3. (Pathol.)
(a) The escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel,
either by rupture of the vessel, or by exudation
through its walls. It may pass into the substance of
an organ, or issue upon a free surface.
(b) The liquid escaping or exuded.
Effusive \Ef*fu"sive\, a.
Pouring out; pouring forth freely. ``Washed with the effusive
wave.'' --Pope.
{Effusive rocks} (Geol.), volcanic rocks, in distinction from
so-called intrusive, or plutonic, rocks. --
{Ef*fu"sive*ly}, adv. -- {Ef*fu"sive*ness}, n.
Efreet \Ef"reet\, n.
See {Afrit}.
Eft \Eft\, n. [AS. efete lizard. See {Newt}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A European lizard of the genus {Seps}.
(b) A salamander, esp. the European smooth newt ({Triton
punctatus}).
Eft \Eft\, adv. [AS. eft, [ae]ft, again, back, afterward. See
{Aft}, {After}.]
Again; afterwards; soon; quickly. [Obs.]
I wold never eft comen into the snare. --Spenser.
Eftsoon \Eft*soon"\, Eftsoons \Eft*soons"\, adv. [OE. eftsone,
eftsones; AS. eft + s?na soon. See {Eft}, and {Soon}.]
Again; anew; a second time; at once; speedily. [Archaic]
And, if he fall from his capel [horse] eftsone.
--Chaucer.
The champion stout eftsoons dismounted. --Spenser.
Egad \E*gad"\, interj. [Euphemistic corruption of the oath, ``by
God.'']
An exclamation expressing exultation or surprise, etc.
Egal \E"gal\, a. [F. ['e]gal. See {Equal}.]
Equal; impartial. [Obs.] --Shak.
Egality \E*gal"i*ty\, n. [OE. egalite, F. ['e]galit['e].]
Equality. --Chaucer. Tennyson.
Egean \E*ge"an\, a.
See {[AE]gean}.
Egence \E"gence\, n. [L. egens, -entis, p. pr. of egere to be
needy, suffer want.]
The state of needing, or of suffering a natural want. [R.]
--J. Grote.
Eger \E"ger\, Egre \E"gre\, a. [See {Eager}.]
Sharp; bitter; acid; sour. [Obs.]
The egre words of thy friend. --Chaucer.
Eger \E"ger\, n.
An impetuous flood; a bore. See {Eagre}.
Egerminate \E*ger"mi*nate\, v. i. [From L. egerminare to
sprout.]
To germinate. [Obs.]
Egest \E*gest"\, v. t. [L. egestus, p. p. of egerere to carry
out, to discharge; e out + gerere to carry.] (Physiol.)
To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement; to excrete, as
the indigestible matter of the food; in an extended sense, to
excrete by the lungs, skin, or kidneys.
Egesta \E*ges"ta\, n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from p. p. of L.
egere. See {Egest}.] (Physiol.)
That which is egested or thrown off from the body by the
various excretory channels; excrements; -- opposed to
{ingesta}.
Egestion \E*ges"tion\, n. [L. egestio.]
Act or process of egesting; a voiding. --Sir M. Hale.
Egg \Egg\, n. [OE., fr. Icel. egg; akin to AS. [ae]g (whence OE.
ey), Sw. ["a]gg, Dan. [ae]g, G. & D. ei, and prob. to OSlav.
aje, jaje, L. ovum, Gr. 'w,o`n, Ir. ugh, Gael. ubh, and perh.
to L. avis bird. Cf. {Oval}.]
1. (Popularly) The oval or roundish body laid by domestic
poultry and other birds, tortoises, etc. It consists of a
yolk, usually surrounded by the ``white'' or albumen, and
inclosed in a shell or strong membrane.
2. (Biol.) A simple cell, from the development of which the
young of animals are formed; ovum; germ cell.
3. Anything resembling an egg in form.
Note: Egg is used adjectively, or as the first part of
self-explaining compounds; as, egg beater or
egg-beater, egg case, egg ladle, egg-shaped, etc.
{Egg and anchor} (Arch.), an egg-shaped ornament, alternating
with another in the form of a dart, used to enrich the
ovolo; -- called also {egg and dart}, and {egg and
tongue}. See {Anchor}, n., 5. --Ogilvie.
{Egg cleavage} (Biol.), a process of cleavage or
segmentation, by which the egg undergoes endogenous
division with formation of a mass of nearly similar cells,
from the growth and differentiation of which the new
organism is ultimately formed. See {Segmentation of the
ovum}, under {Segmentation}.
{Egg development} (Biol.), the process of the development of
an egg, by which the embryo is formed.
{Egg mite} (Zo["o]l.), any mite which devours the eggs of
insects, as {Nothrus ovivorus}, which destroys those of
the canker worm.
{Egg parasite} (Zo["o]l.), any small hymenopterous insect,
which, in the larval stage, lives within the eggs of other
insects. Many genera and species are known.
Egg \Egg\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Egged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Egging}.] [OE. eggen, Icel. eggja, fr. egg edge. ??. See
{Edge}.]
To urge on; to instigate; to incite?
Adam and Eve he egged to ill. --Piers
Plowman.
[She] did egg him on to tell How fair she was.
--Warner.
Eggar \Eg"gar\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any bombycid moth of the genera {Eriogaster} and
{Lasiocampa}; as, the oak eggar ({L. roboris}) of Europe.
Egg-bird \Egg"-bird`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A species of tern, esp. the sooty tern ({Sterna fuliginosa})
of the West Indies. In the Bahama Islands the name is applied
to the tropic bird, {Pha["e]thon flavirostris}.
Egg-cup \Egg"-cup`\, n.
A cup used for holding an egg, at table.
Eggement \Eg"ge*ment\, n. [Egg, v. t. + -ment.]
Instigation; incitement. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Egger \Egg"er\, n. [See {Egg}, n.]
One who gathers eggs; an eggler.
Egger \Egg"er\, n. [See {Egg}, v. t.]
One who eggs or incites.
Eggery \Egg"er*y\, n.
A place where eggs are deposited (as by sea birds) or kept; a
nest of eggs. [R.]
Egg-glass \Egg"-glass`\, n.
A small sandglass, running about three minutes, for marking
time in boiling eggs; also, a small glass for holding an egg,
at table.
Egghot \Egg"hot`\, n.
A kind of posset made of eggs, brandy, sugar, and ale.
--Lamb.
Eggler \Egg"ler\, n.
One who gathers, or deals in, eggs.
Eggnog \Egg`nog"\, n.
A drink consisting of eggs beaten up with sugar, milk, and
(usually) wine or spirits.
Eggplant \Egg"plant`\, n. (Bot.)
A plant ({Solanum Melongena}), of East Indian origin, allied
to the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit,
shaped somewhat like an egg; mad-apple.
Egg-shaped \Egg"-shaped`\, a.
Resembling an egg in form; ovoid.
Eggshell \Egg"shell`\, n.
1. The shell or exterior covering of an egg. Also used
figuratively for anything resembling an eggshell.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A smooth, white, marine, gastropod shell of the
genus {Ovulum}, resembling an egg in form.
Egg squash \Egg" squash`\
A variety of squash with small egg-shaped fruit.
Eghen \E"ghen\, n. pl.
Eyes. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Egilopical \Eg`i*lop"ic*al\, a. [See {[AE]gilops}.] (Med.)
Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with, an
[ae]gilops, or tumor in the corner of the eye.
Egilops \Eg"i*lops\, n.
See {[AE]gilops}.
Eglandulose \E*glan"du*lose`\ (?; 135), Eglandulous
\E*glan"du*lous\, a. [Pref. e- + glandulose, glandulosus.]
Destitute of glands.
Eglantine \Eg"lan*tine\, n. [F. ['e]glantine, fr. OF. aiglent
brier, hip tree, fr. (assumed) LL. acuculentus, fr. a dim. of
L. acus needle; cf. F. aiguille needle. Cf. {Aglet}.] (Bot.)
(a) A species of rose ({Rosa Eglanteria}), with fragrant
foliage and flowers of various colors.
(b) The sweetbrier ({R. rubiginosa}).
Note: Milton, in the following lines, has applied the name to
some twinning plant, perhaps the honeysuckle.
Through the sweetbrier, or the vine, Or the
twisted eglantine. --L'Allegro,
47.
``In our early writers and in Gerarde and the
herbalists, it was a shrub with white flowers.'' --Dr.
Prior.
Eglatere \Eg"la*tere\, n.
Eglantine. [Obs. or R.] [Written also {eglantere}.]
--Tennyson.
Egling \Eg"ling\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo["o]l.)
The European perch when two years old. [Prov. Eng.]
Eglomerate \E*glom"er*ate\, v. t. [Pref. e- + glomerate.]
To unwind, as a thread from a ball. [R.]
Ego \E"go\, n. [L., I.] (Met.)
The conscious and permanent subject of all psychical
experiences, whether held to be directly known or the product
of reflective thought; -- opposed to non-ego.
Egoical \E*go"i*cal\, a.
Pertaining to egoism. [R.]
Egoism \E"go*ism\, n. [F. ['e]go["i]sme, fr. L. -ego I. See {I},
and cf. {Egotism}.]
1. (Philos.) The doctrine of certain extreme adherents or
disciples of Descartes and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, which
finds all the elements of knowledge in the ego and the
relations which it implies or provides for.
2. Excessive love and thought of self; the habit of regarding
one's self as the center of every interest; selfishness;
-- opposed to altruism.
Egoist \E"go*ist\, n. [F. ['e]go["i]ste. See {Egoism}.]
1. One given overmuch to egoism or thoughts of self.
I, dullard egoist, taking no special recognition of
such nobleness. --Carlyle.
2. (Philos.) A believer in egoism.
Egoistic \E`go*is"tic\, Egoistical \E`go*is"tic*al\, a.
Pertaining to egoism; imbued with egoism or excessive
thoughts of self; self-loving.
Ill-natured feeling, or egoistic pleasure in making men
miserable. --G. Eliot.
Egoistically \E`go*is"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In an egoistic manner.
Egoity \E*go"i*ty\, n.
Personality. [R.] --Swift.
Egomism \E"go*mism\, n.
Egoism. [R.] --A. Baxter.
Egophonic \E`go*phon"ic\, a.
Belonging to, or resembling, egophony.
Egophony \E*goph"o*ny\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, goat + ? voice.] (Med.)
The sound of a patient's voice so modified as to resemble the
bleating of a goat, heard on applying the ear to the chest in
certain diseases within its cavity, as in pleurisy with
effusion.
Egotheism \E"go*the`ism\, n. [Gr. 'egw` I + qeo`s God.]
The deification of self. [R.]
Egotism \E"go*tism\ (?; 277), n. [L. ego I + ending -tism for
-ism, prob. influenced by other English words in -tism fr.
the Greek, where t is not part of the ending, as baptism. See
{Egoism}.]
The practice of too frequently using the word I; hence, a
speaking or writing overmuch of one's self; self-exaltation;
self-praise; the act or practice of magnifying one's self or
parading one's own doings. The word is also used in the sense
of egoism.
His excessive egotism, which filled all objects with
himself. --Hazlitt.
Syn: {Egotism}, {Self-conceit}, {Vanity}, {Egoism}.
Self-conceit is an overweening opinion of one's talents,
capacity, attractions, etc.; egotism is the acting out
of self-conceit, or self-importance, in words and
exterior conduct; vanity is inflation of mind arising
from the idea of being thought highly of by others. It
shows itself by its eagerness to catch the notice of
others. Egoism is a state in which the feelings are
concentrated on one's self. Its expression is egotism.
Egotist \E"go*tist\, n. [L. ego I + ending -tist for -ist. See
{Egotism}, and cf. {Egoist}.]
One addicted to egotism; one who speaks much of himself or
magnifies his own achievements or affairs.
Egotistic \E`go*tis"tic\, Egotistical \E`go*tis"tic*al\, a.
Addicted to, or manifesting, egotism.
Syn: Conceited; vain; self-important; opinionated.
Egotistically \E`go*tis"tic*al*ly\, adv.
With egotism.
Egotize \E"go*tize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Egotized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Egotizing}.] [See {Egotism}.]
To talk or write as an egotist. --Cowper.
Egranulose \E*gran"u*lose`\, a. [Pref. e- + granule.] (Bot.)
Having no granules, as chlorophyll in certain conditions.
--R. Brown.
Egre \E"gre\, a. & n.
See {Eager}, and {Eagre}. [Obs.]
Egregious \E*gre"gious\ (?; 277), a. [L. egregius; lit.,
separated or chosen from the herd, i. e., distinguished,
excellent; e out + grex, gregis, herd. See {Gregarious}.]
Surpassing; extraordinary; distinguished (in a bad sense); --
formerly used with words importing a good quality, but now
joined with words having a bad sense; as, an egregious
rascal; an egregious ass; an egregious mistake.
The egregious impudence of this fellow. --Bp. Hall.
His [Wyclif's] egregious labors are not to be
neglected. --Milton.
Egregiously \E*gre"gious*ly\, adv.
Greatly; enormously; shamefully; as, egregiously cheated.
Egregiousness \E*gre"gious*ness\ (?; 277), n.
The state of being egregious.
Egremoin \Eg"re*moin\, n. [See {Agrimony}.]
Agrimony ({Agrimonia Eupatoria}). [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Egress \E"gress\, n. [L. egressus, fr. egredi to go out; e out +
gradi to go. See {Grade}.]
1. The act of going out or leaving, or the power to leave;
departure.
Embarred from all egress and regress. --Holland.
Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit
all egress. --Milton.
2. (Astron.) The passing off from the sun's disk of an
inferior planet, in a transit.
Egress \E*gress"\, v. i.
To go out; to depart; to leave.
Egression \E*gres"sion\, n. [L. egressio.]
The act of going; egress. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Egressor \E*gress"or\, n.
One who goes out. [R.]
Egret \E"gret\, n. [See {Aigret}, {Heron}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The name of several species of herons which
bear plumes on the back. They are generally white. Among
the best known species are the American egret ({Ardea, or
Herodias, egretta}); the great egret ({A. alba}); the
little egret ({A. garzetta}), of Europe; and the American
snowy egret ({A. candidissima}).
A bunch of egrets killed for their plumage. --G. W.
Cable.
2. A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress,
or anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette.
3. (Bot.) The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or
achenes, as the down of the thistle.
4. (Zo["o]l.) A kind of ape.
Egrette \E*grette"\, n. [See {Aigrette}.]
Same as {Egret}, n., 2.
Egrimony \Eg"ri*mo*ny\, [Corrupted fr. agrimony.] (Bot.)
The herb agrimony. [Obs.]
Egrimony \Eg"ri*mo*ny\, n. [L. aegrimonia.]
Sorrow. [Obs.]
Egriot \E"gri*ot\, n. [F. aigrette, griotte, formerly agriote;
cf. aigre sour.]
A kind of sour cherry. --Bacon.
Egritude \E"gri*tude\, n. [L. aegritudo, fr. aeger sick.]
Sickness; ailment; sorrow. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot.
Egyptian \E*gyp"tian\, a. [L. Aegyptius, Gr. ?, fr. ? (L.
Aegyptus) Egypt: cf. F. ['e]gyptien. Cf. {Gypsy}.]
Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa.
{Egyptian bean}. (Bot.)
(a) The beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant ({Nelumbium
speciosum}), somewhat resembling the water lily.
(b) See under {Bean}, 1.
{Egyptian cross}. See Illust. (No. 6) of {Cross}.
{Egyptian thorn} (Bot.), a medium-sized tree ({Acacia vera}).
It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic.
Egyptian \E*gyp"tian\, n.
1. A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the
Egyptian language.
2. A gypsy. [Obs.] --Shak.
Egyptize \E"gypt*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Egyptized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Egyptizing}.]
To give an Egyptian character or appearance to. --Fairbairn.
Egyptologer \E`gyp*tol"o*ger\, Egyptologist \E`gyp*tol"o*gist\,
n.
One skilled in the antiquities of Egypt; a student of
Egyptology.
Egyptological \E*gyp`to*log"ic*al\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or devoted to, Egyptology.
Egyptology \E`gyp*tol"o*gy\, n. [Egypt + -logy.]
The science or study of Egyptian antiquities, esp. the
hieroglyphics.
Eh \Eh\, interj. [OE. ei, ey.]
An expression of inquiry or slight surprise.
Ehlite \Eh"lite\, n. [From Ehl near Linz, where it occurs.]
(Min.)
A mineral of a green color and pearly luster; a hydrous
phosphate of copper.
Eider \Ei"der\, n. [Of Scand. origin, cf. Icel [ae]?r; akin to
Sw. eider, Dan. ederfugl.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of sea duck of the genus {Somateria}, esp.
{Somateria mollissima}, which breeds in the northern parts of
Europe and America, and lines its nest with fine down (taken
from its own body) which is an article of commerce; -- called
also {eider duck}. The American eider ({S. Dresseri}), the
king eider ({S. spectabilis}), and the spectacled eider
({Arctonetta Fischeri}) are related species.
{Eider down}. [Cf. Icel. [ae][eth]ard[=u]n, Sw. eiderd[=u]n,
Dan. ederduun.] Down of the eider duck, much sought after
as an article of luxury.
Eidograph \Ei"do*graph\, n. [Gr. ? form + graph.]
An instrument for copying drawings on the same or a different
scale; a form of the pantograph.
Eidolon \Ei*do"lon\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? image. See {Idol}.]
An image or representation; a form; a phantom; an apparition.
--Sir W. Scott.
Eigh \Eigh\, interj.
An exclamation expressing delight.
Eight \Eight\, n. [See {Ait}.]
An island in a river; an ait. [Obs.] ``Osiers on their
eights.'' --Evelyn.
Eight \Eight\, a. [AS. eahta; akin to OS. ahto, OFries. achta,
D. & G. acht, OHG. ahto, Icel. [=a]tta, Sw. [*a]tta, Dan.
otte, Goth. ahtau, Lith. aszt?ni, Ir. & Gael. ochd, W. wyth,
Armor. eich, eiz, L. octo, Gr. ?, Skr. ash?an. ????. Cf.
{Octave}.]
Seven and one; as, eight years.
Eight \Eight\, n.
1. The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or
objects.
2. A symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii.
Eighteen \Eight"een`\, a. [AS. eahtat?ne, eahtat?ne. See
{Eight}, and {Ten}, and cf. {Eighty}.]
Eight and ten; as, eighteen pounds.
Eighteen \Eight"een`\, n.
1. The number greater by a unit than seventeen; eighteen
units or objects.
2. A symbol denoting eighteen units, as 18 or xviii.
Eighteenmo \Eight`een"mo\, a. & n.
See {Octodecimo}.
Eighteenth \Eight"eenth`\, a. [From {Eighteen}.]
1. Next in order after the seventeenth.
2. Consisting of one of eighteen equal parts or divisions of
a thing.
Eighteenth \Eight"eenth`\, n.
1. The quotient of a unit divided by eighteen; one of
eighteen equal parts or divisions.
2. The eighth after the tenth.
Eightetethe \Eight"e*teth`e\, a. [OE., fr. AS. eahtate['o]?a;
eahta eight + te['o]?a tenth. Cf. {Eighteenth}, {Tenth}.]
Eighteenth. [Obs.]
Eightfold \Eight"fold`\, a.
Eight times a quantity.
Eighth \Eighth\, a. [AS. eahto?a.]
1. Next in order after the seventh.
2. Consisting of one of eight equal divisions of a thing.
{Eighth note} (Mus.), the eighth part of a whole note, or
semibreve; a quaver.
Eighth \Eighth\, n.
1. The quotient of a unit divided by eight; one of eight
equal parts; an eighth part.
2. (Mus.) The interval of an octave.
Eighthly \Eighth"ly\, adv.
As the eighth in order.
Eightieth \Eight"i*eth\, a. [From {Eighty}.]
1. The next in order after seventy-ninth.
2. Consisting of one of eighty equal parts or divisions.
Eightieth \Eight"i*eth\, n.
The quotient of a unit divided by eighty; one of eighty equal
parts.
Eightling \Eight"ling\, n. [Eight + -ling.] (Crystallog.)
A compound or twin crystal made up of eight individuals.
Eightscore \Eight"score`\, a. & n.
Eight times twenty; a hundred and sixty.
Eighty \Eight"y\, a. [AS. eahtatig, where the ending -tig is
akin to English ten; cf. G. achtzig. See {Eight}, and {Ten}.]
Eight times ten; fourscore.
Eighty \Eight"y\, n.
1. The sum of eight times ten; eighty units or objects.
2. A symbol representing eighty units, or ten eight times
repeated, as 80 or lxxx.
Eigne \Eigne\, a. [OF. aisn['e], ainsn['e], F. a[^i]n['e], fr.
L. ante natus born before. Cf. {Esnecy}.]
1. (Law) Eldest; firstborn. --Blackstone.
2. Entailed; belonging to the eldest son. [Obs.]
{Bastard eigne}, a bastard eldest son whose parents
afterwards intermarry.
Eiking \Eik"ing\, n. (Naut.)
See {Eking}.
Eikon \Ei"kon\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. e'ikw`n.]
An image or effigy; -- used rather in an abstract sense, and
rarely for a work of art.
Eikosane \Ei"ko*sane\, n. [Gr. e'i`kosi.] (Chem.)
A solid hydrocarbon, {C20H42}, of the paraffine series, of
artificial production, and also probably occurring in
petroleum.
Eikosylene \Ei*kos"y*lene\, n. [Gr. e'i`kosi twenty +
acetylene.] (Chem.)
A liquid hydrocarbon, {C20H38}, of the acetylene series,
obtained from brown coal.
Eild \Eild\, n. [See {Eld}.]
Age. [Obs.] --Fairfax.
Eire \Eire\, n.
Air. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Eirenarch \Ei`re*narch\, n. [See {Irenarch}.] (Gr. Antiq.)
A justice of the peace; irenarch.
Eirenic \Ei*ren"ic\, a.
Pacific. See {Irenic}.
Eirie \Ei"rie\, n.
See {Aerie}, and {Eyrie}.
Eisel \Ei"sel\, n. [OF. aisil, aissil, fr. L. acet?m. Cf.
{Acetic}.]
Vinegar; verjuice. [Obs.] --Sir T. More.
Eisteddfod \Eis*tedd"fod\, n. [W., session, fr. eistedd to sit.]
Am assembly or session of the Welsh bards; an annual congress
of bards, minstrels and literati of Wales, -- being a
patriotic revival of the old custom.
Either \Ei"ther\ (?; 277), a. & pron. [OE. either, aither, AS.
?g?er, ?ghw[ae]?er (akin to OHG. ?ogiwedar, MHG. iegeweder);
[=a] + ge + hw[ae]?er whether. See {Each}, and {Whether}, and
cf. {Or}, conj.]
1. One of two; the one or the other; -- properly used of two
things, but sometimes of a larger number, for any one.
Lepidus flatters both, Of both is flattered; but he
neither loves, Nor either cares for him. --Shak.
Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of
the three. --Bacon.
There have been three talkers in Great British,
either of whom would illustrate what I say about
dogmatists. --Holmes.
2. Each of two; the one and the other; both; -- formerly,
also, each of any number.
His flowing hair In curls on either cheek played.
--Milton.
On either side . . . was there the tree of life.
--Rev. xxii.
2.
The extreme right and left of either army never
engaged. --Jowett
(Thucyd).
Either \Ei"ther\, conj. Either
precedes two, or more, co["o]rdinate words or phrases, and is
introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or.
Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a
journey, or peradventure he sleepeth. --1 Kings
xviii. 27.
Few writers hesitate to use either in what is called a
triple alternative; such as, We must either stay where
we are, proceed, or recede. --Latham.
Note: Either was formerly sometimes used without any
correlation, and where we should now use or.
Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive
berries? either a vine, figs?? --James iii.
12.
Ejaculate \E*jac"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ejaculated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Ejaculating}.] [L. ejaculatus, p. p. of
ejaculari to throw out; e out + ejaculari to throw, fr.
jaculum javelin, dart, fr. jacere to throw. See {Eject}.]
1. To throw out suddenly and swiftly, as if a dart; to dart;
to eject. [Archaic or Technical]
Its active rays ejaculated thence. --Blackmore.
2. To throw out, as an exclamation; to utter by a brief and
sudden impulse; as, to ejaculate a prayer.
Ejaculate \E*jac"u*late\, v. i.
To utter ejaculations; to make short and hasty exclamations.
[R.] ``Ejaculating to himself.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Ejaculation \E*jac`u*la"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]jaculation.]
1. The act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force and
rapid flight. [Archaic or Technical] ``An ejaculation or
irradiation of the eye.'' --Bacon.
2. The uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or prayer, or
the exclamation or prayer uttered.
In your dressing, let there be jaculations fitted to
the several actions of dressing. --Jer. Taylor.
3. (Physiol.) The act of ejecting or suddenly throwing, as a
fluid from a duct.
Ejaculator \E*jac"u*la`tor\, n. [NL. See {Ejaculate}.] (Anat.)
A muscle which helps ejaculation.
Ejaculatory \E*jac"u*la*to*ry\, a.
1. Casting or throwing out; fitted to eject; as, ejaculatory
vessels.
2. Suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences; as, an
ejaculatory prayer or petition.
3. Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] ``Ejaculatory repentances, that take
us by fits and starts.'' --L'Estrange.
Eject \E*ject"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ejected}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ejecting}.] [L. ejectus, p. p. of ejicere; e out + jacere to
throw. See {Jet} a shooting forth.]
1. To expel; to dismiss; to cast forth; to thrust or drive
out; to discharge; as, to eject a person from a room; to
eject a traitor from the country; to eject words from the
language. ``Eyes ejecting flame.'' --H. Brooke.
2. (Law) To cast out; to evict; to dispossess; as, to eject
tenants from an estate.
Syn: To expel; banish; drive out; discharge; oust; evict;
dislodge; extrude; void.
Ejection \E*jec"tion\, n. [L. ejectio: cf. F. ['e]jection.]
1. The act of ejecting or casting out; discharge; expulsion;
evacuation. ``Vast ejection of ashes.'' --Eustace. ``The
ejection of a word.'' --Johnson.
2. (Physiol.) The act or process of discharging anything from
the body, particularly the excretions.
3. The state of being ejected or cast out; dispossession;
banishment.
Ejectment \E*ject"ment\, n.
1. A casting out; a dispossession; an expulsion; ejection;
as, the ejectment of tenants from their homes.
2. (Law) A species of mixed action, which lies for the
recovery of possession of real property, and damages and
costs for the wrongful withholding of it. --Wharton.
Ejector \E*ject"or\, n.
1. One who, or that which, ejects or dispossesses.
2. (Mech.) A jet jump for lifting water or withdrawing air
from a space.
{Ejector condenser} (Steam Engine), a condenser in which the
vacuum is maintained by a jet pump.
Ejoo \E"joo\ ([=e]"j[=oo]), n. [Malay [=i]j[=u] or h[=i]j[=u].]
Gomuti fiber. See {Gomuti}.
Ejulation \Ej`u*la"tion\, n. [L. ejulatio, fr. ejulare to wail,
lament.]
A wailing; lamentation. [Obs.] ``Ejulation in the pangs of
death.'' --Philips.
Ekabor \Ek"a*bor`\ ([e^]k"[.a]*b[=o]r`), Ekaboron \Ek"a*bo"ron\
(-b[=o]"r[o^]n), n. [G., fr. Skr. [=e]ka one + G. bor, boron,
E. boron.] (Chem.)
The name given by Mendelejeff in accordance with the periodic
law, and by prediction, to a hypothetical element then
unknown, but since discovered and named {scandium}; -- so
called because it was a missing analogue of the boron group.
See {Scandium}.
Ekaluminium \Ek*al`u*min"i*um\, n. [Skr. [=e]ka one + E.
aluminium.] (Chem.)
The name given to a hypothetical element, -- later discovered
and called {gallium}. See {Gallium}, and cf. {Ekabor}.
Ekasilicon \Ek`a*sil"i*con\, n. [Skr. [=e]ka one + E. silicon.]
(Chem.)
The name of a hypothetical element predicted and afterwards
discovered and named {germanium}; -- so called because it was
a missing analogue of the silicon group. See {Germanium}, and
cf. {Ekabor}.
Eke \Eke\ ([=e]k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Eking}.] [AS. [=e]kan, [=y]kan; akin to OFries, [=a]ka, OS.
?kian, OHG. ouhh[=o]n to add, Icel. auka to increase, Sw.
["o]ka, Dan. ["o]ge, Goth. aukan, L. augere, Skr. ?jas
strength, ugra mighty, and probably to English wax, v. i. Cf.
{Augment}, {Nickname}.]
To increase; to add to; to augment; -- now commonly used with
out, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a
laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; as, to eke out a
scanty supply of one kind with some other. ``To eke my
pain.'' --Spenser.
He eked out by his wits an income of barely fifty
pounds. --Macaulay.
Eke \Eke\, adv. [AS. e['a]c; akin to OFries. ['a]k, OS. ?k, D.
?ok, OHG. ouh, G. auch, Icel. auk, Sw. och and, Dan. og,
Goth. auk for, but. Prob. from the preceding verb.]
In addition; also; likewise. [Obs. or Archaic]
'T will be prodigious hard to prove That this is eke
the throne of love. --Prior.
A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town.
--Cowper.
Note: Eke serves less to unite than to render prominent a
subjoined more important sentence or notion.
--M["a]tzner.
Eke \Eke\, n.
An addition. [R.]
Clumsy ekes that may well be spared. --Geddes.
Ekebergite \Ek"e*berg`ite\, n. [From Ekeberg, a German.] (Min.)
A variety of scapolite.
Ekename \Eke"name`\, n. [See {Nickname}.]
An additional or epithet name; a nickname. [Obs.]
Eking \Ek"ing\, n. [From {Eke}, v. t.] (Shipbuilding)
(a) A lengthening or filling piece to make good a deficiency
in length.
(b) The carved work under the quarter piece at the aft part
of the quarter gallery. [Written also {eiking}.]
E-la \E"-la`\, n.
Originally, the highest note in the scale of Guido; hence,
proverbially, any extravagant saying. ``Why, this is above
E-la!'' --Beau. & Fl.
Elaborate \E*lab"o*rate\, a. [L. elaboratus, p. p. of elaborare
to work out; e out + laborare to labor, labor labor. See
{Labor}.]
Wrought with labor; finished with great care; studied;
executed with exactness or painstaking; as, an elaborate
discourse; an elaborate performance; elaborate research.
Drawn to the life in each elaborate page. --Waller.
Syn: Labored; complicated; studied; perfected; high-wrought.
-- {E*lab"o*rate*ly}, adv. -- {E*lab"o*rate*ness}, n.
Elaborate \E*lab"o*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elaborated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Elaborating}.]
1. To produce with labor
They in full joy elaborate a sigh, --Young.
2. To perfect with painstaking; to improve or refine with
labor and study, or by successive operations; as, to
elaborate a painting or a literary work.
The sap is . . . still more elaborated and exalted
as it circulates through the vessels of the plant.
--Arbuthnot.
Elaboration \E*lab`o*ra"tion\, n. [L. elaboratio: cf. F.
['e]laboration.]
1. The act or process of producing or refining with labor;
improvement by successive operations; refinement.
2. (Physiol.) The natural process of formation or
assimilation, performed by the living organs in animals
and vegetables, by which a crude substance is changed into
something of a higher order; as, the elaboration of food
into chyme; the elaboration of chyle, or sap, or tissues.
Elaborative \E*lab"o*ra*tive\, a.
Serving or tending to elaborate; constructing with labor and
minute attention to details.
{Elaborative faculty} (Metaph.), the intellectual power of
discerning relations and of viewing objects by means of,
or in, relations; the discursive faculty; thought.
Elaborator \E*lab"o*ra`tor\, n.
One who, or that which, elaborates.
Elaboratory \E*lab"o*ra*to*ry\, a.
Tending to elaborate.
Elaboratory \E*lab"o*ra*to*ry\, n.
A laboratory. [Obs.]
Elaeagnus \E`l[ae]*ag"nus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a B[oe]otian
marsh plant; ? olive + ? sacred, pure.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs or small trees, having the foliage covered
with small silvery scales; oleaster.
Elaeis \E*l[ae]"is\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? olive tree.] (Bot.)
A genus of palms.
Note: El[ae]is Guineensis, the African oil palm, is a tree
twenty or thirty feet high, with immense pinnate leaves
and large masses of fruit. The berries are rather
larger than olives, and when boiled in water yield the
orange-red palm oil.
Elaeolite \E*l[ae]"o*lite\, n. [Gr. ? olive oil, oil + -lite.]
(Min.)
A variety of hephelite, usually massive, of greasy luster,
and gray to reddish color.
{El[ae]olite syenite}, a kind of syenite characterized by the
presence of el[ae]olite.
Elaeoptene \E`l[ae]*op"tene\, n. [Gr. ? olive oil, oil + ?
winged, fleeting.] (Chem.)
The more liquid or volatile portion of certain oily
substance, as distinguished from stearoptene, the more solid
parts. [Written also {elaoptene}.]
Elaidate \E*la"i*date\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of elaidic acid.
Elaidic \E`la*id"ic\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]la["i]dique. See {Elaine}.]
Relating to oleic acid, or elaine.
{Elaidic acid} (Chem.), a fatty acid isomeric with oleic
acid, and obtained from it by the action of nitrous acid.
Elaidin \E*la"i*din\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]la["i]dine.] (Chem.)
A solid isomeric modification of olein.
Elaine \E*la"ine\, or Elain \E*la"in\, n. [Gr. ? olive oil, oil,
from ? the olive tree: cf. F. ['e]la["i]ne.] (Chem.)
Same as {Olein}.
Elaiodic \E`lai*od"ic\, a. [Gr. ? olive oil, oil + ? form.]
(Chem.)
Derived from castor oil; ricinoleic; as, elaiodic acid. [R.]
Elaiometer \E`lai*om"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? olive oil, oil + -meter.]
(Chem.)
An apparatus for determining the amount of oil contained in
any substance, or for ascertaining the degree of purity of
oil.
Elamite \E"lam*ite\, n.
A dweller in Flam (or Susiana), an ancient kingdom of
Southwestern Asia, afterwards a province of Persia.
Elamping \E*lamp"ing\, a. [See {Lamp}.]
Shining. [Obs.] --G. Fletcher.
'Elan \['E]`lan"\, b. [F., fr. ['e]lancer to dart.]
Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm.
Elance \E*lance"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elanced}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Elancing}.] [F. ['e]lancer, OF. eslancier; pref. es- (L.
ex) + F. lancer to dart, throw, fr. lance.]
To throw as a lance; to hurl; to dart. [R.]
While thy unerring hand elanced . . . a dart. --Prior.
Eland \E"land\, n. [D. eland elk, of Slav. origin; cf. Pol.
jelen stag, Russ. ol['e]ne, Lith. elnis; perh. akin to E.
elk.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A species of large South African antelope
({Oreas canna}). It is valued both for its hide and flesh,
and is rapidly disappearing in the settled districts; --
called also {Cape elk}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The elk or moose.
Elanet \E*la"net\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A kite of the genus {Elanus}.
Elaolite \E*la"o*lite\, n. (Min.)
See {El[ae]olite}.
Elaoptene \E`la*op"tene\, n. (Chem.)
See {El[ae]optene}.
Elaphine \El"a*phine\, a. [Gr. ? stag.] (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, resembling, or characteristic of, the stag, or
{Cervus elaphus}.
Elaphure \El"a*phure\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A species of deer ({Elaphurus Davidianus}) found in china. It
is about four feet high at the shoulder and has peculiar
antlers.
Elapidation \E*lap`i*da"tion\, n. [L. elapidatus cleared from
stones; e out + lapis stone.]
A clearing away of stones. [R.]
Elapine \El"a*pine\, a. [See {Elaps}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to the {Elapid[ae]}, a family of poisonous
serpents, including the cobras. See {Ophidia}.
Elaps \E"laps\, n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of venomous snakes found both in America and the Old
World. Many species are known. See {Coral snake}, under
{Coral}.
Elapse \E*lapse"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Elapsed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Elapsing}.] [L. elapsus, p. p. of elabi to glide away; e
out + labi to fall, slide. See {Lapse}.]
To slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; --
used chiefly in reference to time.
Eight days elapsed; at length a pilgrim came. --Hoole.
Elapsion \E*lap"sion\, n.
The act of elapsing. [R.]
Elaqueate \E*la"que*ate\, v. t. [L. elaqueatus, p. p. of
elaqueare to unfetter.]
To disentangle. [R.]
Elasipoda \El`a*sip"o*da\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? metal beaten
out, metal plate + -poda.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of holothurians mostly found in the deep sea. They
are remarkable for their bilateral symmetry and curious
forms. [Written also {Elasmopoda}.]
Elasmobranch \E*las"mo*branch\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Elasmobranchii. -- n. One of the
Elasmobranchii.
Elasmobranchiate \E*las`mo*bran"chi*ate\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to Elasmobranchii. -- n. One of the
Elasmobranchii.
Elasmobranchii \E*las`mo*bran"chi*i\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a
metal plate + L. branchia a gill.] (Zo["o]l.)
A subclass of fishes, comprising the sharks, the rays, and
the Chim[ae]ra. The skeleton is mainly cartilaginous.
Elasmosaurus \E*las`mo*sau"rus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a metal
plate + ? a lizard.] (Paleon.)
An extinct, long-necked, marine, cretaceous reptile from
Kansas, allied to Plesiosaurus.
Elastic \E*las"tic\, a. [Formed fr. Gr. ? to drive; prob. akin
to L. alacer lively, brisk, and E. alacrity: cf. F.
['e]lastique.]
1. Springing back; having a power or inherent property of
returning to the form from which a substance is bent,
drawn, pressed, or twisted; springy; having the power of
rebounding; as, a bow is elastic; the air is elastic;
India rubber is elastic.
Capable of being drawn out by force like a piece of
elastic gum, and by its own elasticity returning,
when the force is removed, to its former position.
--Paley.
2. Able to return quickly to a former state or condition,
after being depressed or overtaxed; having power to
recover easily from shocks and trials; as, elastic
spirits; an elastic constitution.
{Elastic bitumen}. (Min.) See {Elaterite}.
{Elastic curve}.
(a) (Geom.) The curve made by a thin elastic rod fixed
horizontally at one end and loaded at the other.
(b) (Mech.) The figure assumed by the longitudinal axis of
an originally straight bar under any system of bending
forces. --Rankine.
{Elastic fluids}, those which have the property of expanding
in all directions on the removal of external pressure, as
the air, steam, and other gases and vapors.
{Elastic limit} (Mech.), the limit of distortion, by bending,
stretching, etc., that a body can undergo and yet return
to its original form when relieved from stress; also, the
unit force or stress required to produce this distortion.
Within the elastic limit the distortion is directly
proportional to the stress producing it.
{Elastic tissue} (Anat.), a variety of connective tissue
consisting of a network of slender and very elastic fibers
which are but slightly affected by acids or alkalies.
{Gum elastic}, caoutchouc.
Elastic \E*las"tic\, n.
An elastic woven fabric, as a belt, braces or suspenders,
etc., made in part of India rubber. [Colloq.]
Elastical \E*las"tic*al\, a.
Elastic. [R.] --Bentley.
Elastically \E*las"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In an elastic manner; by an elastic power; with a spring.
Elasticity \E`las*tic"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]lasticit['e].]
1. The quality of being elastic; the inherent property in
bodies by which they recover their former figure or
dimensions, after the removal of external pressure or
altering force; springiness; tendency to rebound; as, the
elasticity of caoutchouc; the elasticity of the air.
2. Power of resistance to, or recovery from, depression or
overwork.
{Coefficient of elasticity}, the quotient of a stress (of a
given kind), by the strain (of a given kind) which it
produces; -- called also {coefficient of resistance}.
{Surface of elasticity} (Geom.), the pedal surface of an
ellipsoid (see {Pedal}); a surface used in explaining the
phenomena of double refraction and their relation to the
elastic force of the luminous ether in crystalline media.
Elasticness \E*las"tic*ness\, n.
The quality of being elastic; elasticity.
Elastin \E*las"tin\, n. [Elastic + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A nitrogenous substance, somewhat resembling albumin, which
forms the chemical basis of elastic tissue. It is very
insoluble in most fluids, but is gradually dissolved when
digested with either pepsin or trypsin.
Elate \E*late"\, a. [L. elatus elevated, fig., elated, proud
(the figure, perh., being borrowed from a prancing horse); e
out + latus (used as p. p. of ferre to bear), for tlatus, and
akin to E. tolerate. See {Tolerate}, and cf. {Extol}.]
1. Lifted up; raised; elevated.
With upper lip elate. --Fenton.
And sovereign law, that State's collected will, O'er
thrones and globes, elate, Sits empress, crowning
good, repressing ill. --Sir W.
Jones.
2. Having the spirits raised by success, or by hope; flushed
or exalted with confidence; elated; exultant.
O, thoughtless mortals! ever blind to fate, Too soon
dejected, and dejected, and too soon elate. --Pope.
Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its
own esteem, wonderfully elate at its progress.
--Mrs. H. H.
Jackson.
Syn: Puffed up; lofty; proud; haughty; exalted; inspirited;
transported; delighted; overjoyed.
Elate \E*late"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Elating}.]
1. To raise; to exalt. [R.]
By the potent sun elated high. --Thomson.
2. To exalt the spirit of; to fill with confidence or
exultation; to elevate or flush with success; to puff up;
to make proud.
Foolishly elated by spiritual pride. --Warburton.
You ought not be elated at the chance mishaps of
your enemies. --Jowett
(Thucyd. ).
Elatedly \E*lat"ed*ly\, adv.
With elation.
Elatedness \E*lat"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being elated.
Elater \E*lat"er\, n.
One who, or that which, elates.
Elater \El"a*ter\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? driver, fr. ? to drive.]
1. (Bot.) An elastic spiral filament for dispersing the
spores, as in some liverworts.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any beetle of the family {Elaterid[ae]}, having
the habit, when laid on the back, of giving a sudden
upward spring, by a quick movement of the articulation
between the abdomen and thorax; -- called also {click
beetle}, {spring beetle}, and {snapping beetle}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The caudal spring used by {Podura} and related
insects for leaping. See {Collembola}.
Elater \El"a*ter\, n. (Chem.)
The active principle of elaterium, being found in the juice
of the wild or squirting cucumber ({Ecballium agreste},
formerly {Motordica Elaterium}) and other related species. It
is extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance, which
is a violent purgative.
Elaterite \El"a*ter*ite\, n. (Min.)
A mineral resin, of a blackish brown color, occurring in
soft, flexible masses; -- called also {mineral caoutchouc},
and {elastic bitumen}.
Elaterium \El`a*te"ri*um\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, neut. of ?
driving. See 2d {Elater}.]
A cathartic substance obtained, in the form of yellowish or
greenish cakes, as the dried residue of the juice of the wild
or squirting cucumber ({Ecballium agreste}, formerly called
{Momordica Elaterium}).
Elaterometer \El`a*ter*om"e*ter\, n.
Same as {Elatrometer}.
Elatery \El"a*ter*y\, n. [See 2d {Elater}.]
Acting force; elasticity. [Obs.] --Ray.
Elation \E*la"tion\, n. [L. elatio. See {Elate}.]
A lifting up by success; exaltation; inriation with pride of
prosperity. ``Felt the elation of triumph.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Elative \E*la"tive\, a. (Gram.)
Raised; lifted up; -- a term applied to what is also called
the absolute superlative, denoting a high or intense degree
of a quality, but not excluding the idea that an equal degree
may exist in other cases.
Elatrometer \El`a*trom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? a driver + -meter.]
(Physics)
An instrument for measuring the degree of rarefaction of air
contained in the receiver of an air pump. [Spelt also
{elaterometer}.]
Elayl \E*la"yl\, n. [Gr. ? olive oil, oil + yl.] (Chem.)
Olefiant gas or ethylene; -- so called by Berzelius from its
forming an oil combining with chlorine. [Written also
{elayle}.] See {Ethylene}.
Elbow \El"bow\, n. [AS. elboga, elnboga (akin to D. elleboga,
OHG. elinbogo, G. ellbogen, ellenbogen, Icel. ?lnbogi; prop.;
arm-bend); eln ell (orig., forearm) + boga a bending. See 1st
{Ell}, and 4th {Bow}.]
1. The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the
middle of the arm when bent.
Her arms to the elbows naked. --R. of
Gloucester.
2. Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall,
building, and the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast
or course of a river; also, an angular or jointed part of
any structure, as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a
short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent.
3. (Arch.) A sharp angle in any surface of wainscoting or
other woodwork; the upright sides which flank any paneled
work, as the sides of windows, where the jamb makes an
elbow with the window back. --Gwilt.
Note: Elbow is used adjectively or as part of a compound, to
denote something shaped like, or acting like, an elbow;
as, elbow joint; elbow tongs or elbow-tongs; elbowroom,
elbow-room, or elbow room.
{At the elbow}, very near; at hand.
{Elbow grease}, energetic application of force in manual
labor. [Low]
{Elbow in the hawse} (Naut.), the twisting together of two
cables by which a vessel rides at anchor, caused by
swinging completely round once. --Totten.
{Elbow scissors} (Surg.), scissors bent in the blade or shank
for convenience in cutting. --Knight.
{Out at elbow}, with coat worn through at the elbows; shabby;
in needy circumstances.
Elbow \El"bow\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elbowed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Elbowing}.]
To push or hit with the elbow, as when one pushes by another.
They [the Dutch] would elbow our own aldermen off the
Royal Exchange. --Macaulay.
{To elbow one's way}, to force one's way by pushing with the
elbows; as, to elbow one's way through a crowd.
Elbow \El"bow\, v. i.
1. To jut into an angle; to project or to bend after the
manner of an elbow.
2. To push rudely along; to elbow one's way. ``Purseproud,
elbowing Insolence.'' --Grainger.
Elbowboard \El"bow*board`\, n.
The base of a window casing, on which the elbows may rest.
Elbowchair \El"bow*chair`\, n.
A chair with arms to support the elbows; an armchair.
--Addison.
Elbowroom \El"bow*room`\, n.
Room to extend the elbows on each side; ample room for motion
or action; free scope. ``My soul hath elbowroom.'' --Shak.
Then came a stretch of grass and a little more
elbowroom. --W. G.
Norris.
Elcaja \El*ca"ja\, n. [Ar.] (Bot.)
An Arabian tree ({Trichilia emetica}). The fruit, which is
emetic, is sometimes employed in the composition of an
ointment for the cure of the itch.
Elcesaite \El*ce"sa*ite\, n. [From Elcesai, the leader of the
sect.] (Eccl.)
One of a sect of Asiatic Gnostics of the time of the Emperor
Trajan.
Eld \Eld\, a. [AS. eald.]
Old. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Eld \Eld\, n. [AS. yldu, yldo, eldo, old age, fr. ald, eald,
old. See {Old}.]
1. Age; esp., old age. [Obs. or Archaic]
As sooth is said, eelde hath great avantage.
--Chaucer.
Great Nature, ever young, yet full of eld.
--Spenser.
2. Old times; former days; antiquity. [Poetic]
Astrologers and men of eld. --Longfellow.
Eld \Eld\, v. i.
To age; to grow old. [Obs.]
Eld \Eld\, v. t.
To make old or ancient. [Obs.]
Time, that eldeth all things. --Rom. of R.
Elder \Eld"er\, a. [AS. yldra, compar. of eald old. See {Old}.]
1. Older; more aged, or existing longer.
Let the elder men among us emulate their own earlier
deeds. --Jowett
(Thucyd. )
2. Born before another; prior in years; senior; earlier;
older; as, his elder brother died in infancy; -- opposed
to {younger}, and now commonly applied to a son, daughter,
child, brother, etc.
The elder shall serve the younger. --Gen. xxv.
23.
But ask of elder days, earth's vernal hour. --Keble.
{Elder hand} (Card Playing), the hand playing, or having the
right to play, first. --Hoyle.
Elder \Eld"er\, n. [AS. ealdor an elder, prince, fr. eald old.
See {Old}, and cf. {Elder}, a., {Alderman}.]
1. One who is older; a superior in age; a senior. --1 Tim. v.
1.
2. An aged person; one who lived at an earlier period; a
predecessor.
Carry your head as your elders have done.
--L'Estrange.
3. A person who, on account of his age, occupies the office
of ruler or judge; hence, a person occupying any office
appropriate to such as have the experience and dignity
which age confers; as, the elders of Israel; the elders of
the synagogue; the elders in the apostolic church.
Note: In the modern Presbyterian churches, elders are lay
officers who, with the minister, compose the church
session, with authority to inspect and regulate matters
of religion and discipline. In some churches, pastors
or clergymen are called elders, or presbyters.
4. (M. E. Ch.) A clergyman authorized to administer all the
sacraments; as, a traveling elder.
{Presiding elder} (Meth. Ch.), an elder commissioned by a
bishop to have the oversight of the churches and preachers
in a certain district.
{Ruling elder}, a lay presbyter or member of a Presbyterian
church session. --Schaff.
Elder \El"der\, n. [OE. ellern, eller, AS. ellen, cf. LG.
elloorn; perh. akin to OHG. holantar, holuntar, G. holunder;
or perh. to E. alder, n.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs ({Sambucus}) having broad umbels of white
flowers, and small black or red berries.
Note: The common North American species is {Sambucus
Canadensis}; the common European species ({S. nigra})
forms a small tree. The red-berried elder is {S.
pubens}. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient.
{Box elder}. See under 1st {Box}.
{Dwarf elder}. See {Danewort}.
{Elder tree}. (Bot.) Same as {Elder}. --Shak.
{Marsh elder}, the cranberry tree {Viburnum Opulus}).
Elderish \Eld"er*ish\, a.
Somewhat old; elderly. [R.]
Elderly \Eld"er*ly\, a.
Somewhat old; advanced beyond middle age; bordering on old
age; as, elderly people.
Eldern \El"dern\, a.
Made of elder. [Obs.]
He would discharge us as boys do eldern guns.
--Marston.
Eldership \Eld"er*ship\, n.
1. The state of being older; seniority. ``Paternity an
eldership.'' --Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Office of an elder; collectively, a body of elders.
Elderwort \El"der*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
Danewort.
Eldest \Eld"est\, a. [AS. yldest, superl. of eald old. See
{Elder}, a.]
1. Oldest; longest in duration. --Shak.
2. Born or living first, or before the others, as a son,
daughter, brother, etc.; first in origin. See {Elder}.
``My lady's eldest son.'' --Shak.
Their eldest historians are of suspected credit.
--Bp.
Stillingfleet.
{Eldest hand} (Card Playing), the player on the dealer's left
hand. --R. A. Proctor.
Elding \El"ding\, n. [Icel. elding, fr. elda to kindle, eldr
fire; akin to AS. [ae]ld fire, [ae]lan to burn.]
Fuel. [Prov. Eng.] --Grose.
El Dorado \El` Do*ra"do\, pl. {El Doradoes}. [Sp., lit., the
gilt (sc. land); el the + dorado gilt, p. p. of dorare to
gild. Cf. {Dorado}.]
1. A name given by the Spaniards in the 16th century to an
imaginary country in the interior of South America,
reputed to abound in gold and precious stones.
2. Any region of fabulous wealth; exceeding richness.
The whole comedy is a sort of El Dorado of wit. --T.
Moore.
Eldritch \El"dritch\, a.
Hideous; ghastly; as, an eldritch shriek or laugh. [Local,
Eng.]
Eleatic \E`le*at"ic\, a. [L. eleaticus, from Elea (or Velia) in
Italy.]
Of or pertaining to a certain school of Greek philosophers
who taught that the only certain science is that which owes
nothing to the senses, and all to the reason. -- n. A
philosopher of the Eleatic school.
Eleaticism \E`le*at"i*cism\, n.
The Eleatic doctrine.
Elecampane \El`e*cam*pane"\, n. [F. ['e]nulecampane, NL. inula
campana; L. inula elecampane + LL. campana a bell; cf. G.
glockenwurz, i. e., ``bellwort.'']
1. (Bot.) A large, coarse herb ({Inula Helenium}), with
composite yellow flowers. The root, which has a pungent
taste, is used as a tonic, and was formerly of much repute
as a stomachic.
2. A sweetmeat made from the root of the plant.
Elect \E*lect"\, a. [L. electus, p. p. of eligere to elect; e
out + legere to choose. See {Legend}, and cf. {Elite},
{Eclectic}.]
1. Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more.
``Colors quaint elect.'' --Spenser.
2. (Theol.) Chosen as the object of mercy or divine favor;
set apart to eternal life. ``The elect angels.'' --1 Tim.
v. 21.
3. Chosen to an office, but not yet actually inducted into
it; as, bishop elect; governor or mayor elect.
Elect \E*lect"\, n.
1. One chosen or set apart.
Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in
whom my soul delighteth. --Is. xlii. 1.
2. pl. (Theol.) Those who are chosen for salvation.
Shall not God avenge his won elect? --Luke xviii.
7.
Elect \E*lect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elected}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Electing}.]
1. To pick out; to select; to choose.
The deputy elected by the Lord. --Shak.
2. To select or take for an office; to select by vote; as, to
elect a representative, a president, or a governor.
3. (Theol.) To designate, choose, or select, as an object of
mercy or favor.
Syn: To choose; prefer; select. See {Choose}.
Electant \E*lect"ant\, n. [L. electans, p. pr. of electare.]
One who has the power of choosing; an elector. [R.]
Electary \E*lec"ta*ry\, n. (Med.)
See {Electuary}.
Electic \E*lec"tic\, a.
See {Eclectic}.
Electicism \E*lec"ti*cism\, n.
See {Eclecticism}.
Election \E*lec"tion\, n. [F. ['e]lection, L. electio, fr.
eligere to choose out. See {Elect}, a.]
1. The act of choosing; choice; selection.
2. The act of choosing a person to fill an office, or to
membership in a society, as by ballot, uplifted hands, or
viva voce; as, the election of a president or a mayor.
Corruption in elections is the great enemy of
freedom. --J. Adams.
3. Power of choosing; free will; liberty to choose or act.
``By his own election led to ill.'' --Daniel.
4. Discriminating choice; discernment. [Obs.]
To use men with much difference and election is
good. --Bacon.
5. (Theol.) Divine choice; predestination of individuals as
objects of mercy and salvation; -- one of the ``five
points'' of Calvinism.
There is a remnant according to the election of
grace. --Rom. xi. 5.
6. (Law) The choice, made by a party, of two alternatives, by
taking one of which, the chooser is excluded from the
other.
7. Those who are elected. [Obs.]
The election hath obtained it. --Rom. xi. 7.
{To contest an election}. See under {Contest}.
{To make one's election}, to choose.
He has made his election to walk, in the main, in
the old paths. --Fitzed.
Hall.
Electioneer \E*lec`tion*eer"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Electionered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Electioneering}.]
To make interest for a candidate at an election; to use arts
for securing the election of a candidate.
A master of the whole art of electioneering.
--Macaulay.
Electioneerer \E*lec`tion*eer"er\, n.
One who electioneers.
Elective \E*lect"ive\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]lectif.]
1. Exerting the power of choice; selecting; as, an elective
act.
2. Pertaining to, or consisting in, choice, or right of
choosing; electoral.
The independent use of their elective franchise.
--Bancroft.
3. Dependent on choice; bestowed or passing by election; as,
an elective study; an elective office.
Kings of Rome were at first elective; . . . for such
are the conditions of an elective kingdom. --Dryden.
{Elective affinity} or {attraction} (Chem.), a tendency to
unite with certain things; chemism.
Elective \E*lect"ive\, n.
In an American college, an optional study or course of study.
[Colloq.]
Electively \E*lect"ive*ly\, adv.
In an elective manner; by choice.
Elector \E*lect"or\, n. [L., fr. eligere: cf. F. ['e]lecteur.]
1. One who elects, or has the right of choice; a person who
is entitled to take part in an election, or to give his
vote in favor of a candidate for office.
2. Hence, specifically, in any country, a person legally
qualified to vote.
3. In the old German empire, one of the princes entitled to
choose the emperor.
4. One of the persons chosen, by vote of the people in the
United States, to elect the President and Vice President.
Elector \E*lect"or\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]lectoral.]
Pertaining to an election or to electors.
In favor of the electoral and other princes. --Burke.
{Electoral college}, the body of princes formerly entitled to
elect the Emperor of Germany; also, a name sometimes
given, in the United States, to the body of electors
chosen by the people to elect the President and Vice
President.
Electorality \E*lect`or*al"i*ty\, n.
The territory or dignity of an elector; electorate. [R.]
--Sir H. Wotton.
Electorate \E*lect"or*ate\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]lectorat.]
1. The territory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an elector, as
in the old German empire.
2. The whole body of persons in a nation or state who are
entitled to vote in an election, or any distinct class or
division of them.
The middle-class electorate of Great Britain. --M.
Arnold.
Electoress \E*lect"or*ess\, n. [Fem. of {Elector}.]
An electress. --Bp. Burnet.
Electorial \E`lec*to"ri*al\, a.
Electoral. --Burke.
Electorship \E*lect"or*ship\, n.
The office or status of an elector.
Electre \E*lec"tre\, Electer \E*lec"ter\, n. [L. electrum: cf.
F. ['e]lectre mixture of gold and silver. See {Electrum}.]
1. Amber. See {Electrum}. [Obs.]
2. A metallic substance compounded of gold and silver; an
alloy. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Electrepeter \E`lec*trep"e*ter\, n. [Electro + Gr. ? to turn.]
An instrument used to change the direction of electric
currents; a commutator. [R.]
Electress \E*lect"ress\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]lectrice. Cf.
{Electoress}.]
The wife or widow of an elector in the old German empire.
--Burke.
Electric \E*lec"tric\, Electrical \E*lec"tric*al\, a. [L.
electrum amber, a mixed metal, Gr. ?; akin to ? the beaming
sun, cf. Skr. arc to beam, shine: cf. F. ['e]lectrique. The
name came from the production of electricity by the friction
of amber.]
1. Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing,
derived from, or produced by, electricity; as, electric
power or virtue; an electric jar; electric effects; an
electric spark.
2. Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; as,
an electric or electrical machine or substance.
3. Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic. ``Electric Pindar.''
--Mrs. Browning.
{Electric atmosphere}, or {Electric aura}. See under {Aura}.
{Electrical battery}. See {Battery}.
{Electrical brush}. See under {Brush}.
{Electric cable}. See {Telegraph cable}, under {Telegraph}.
{Electric candle}. See under {Candle}.
{Electric cat} (Zo["o]l.), one of three or more large species
of African catfish of the genus {Malapterurus} (esp. {M.
electricus} of the Nile). They have a large electrical
organ and are able to give powerful shocks; -- called also
{sheathfish}.
{Electric clock}. See under {Clock}, and see
{Electro-chronograph}.
{Electric current}, a current or stream of electricity
traversing a closed circuit formed of conducting
substances, or passing by means of conductors from one
body to another which is in a different electrical state.
{Electric, or Electrical}, {eel} (Zo["o]l.), a South American
eel-like fresh-water fish of the genus {Gymnotus} ({G.
electricus}), from two to five feet in length, capable of
giving a violent electric shock. See {Gymnotus}.
{Electrical fish} (Zo["o]l.), any fish which has an
electrical organ by means of which it can give an
electrical shock. The best known kinds are the torpedo,
the gymnotus, or electrical eel, and the electric cat. See
{Torpedo}, and {Gymnotus}.
{Electric fluid}, the supposed matter of electricity;
lightning.
{Electrical image} (Elec.), a collection of electrical points
regarded as forming, by an analogy with optical phenomena,
an image of certain other electrical points, and used in
the solution of electrical problems. --Sir W. Thomson.
{Electrical light}, the light produced by a current of
electricity which in passing through a resisting medium
heats it to incandescence or burns it. See under {Carbon}.
{Electric, or Electrical}, {machine}, an apparatus for
generating, collecting, or exciting, electricity, as by
friction.
{Electric motor}. See {Electro-motor}, 2.
{Electric osmose}. (Physics) See under {Osmose}.
{Electric pen}, a hand pen for making perforated stencils for
multiplying writings. It has a puncturing needle driven at
great speed by a very small magneto-electric engine on the
penhandle.
{Electric railway}, a railway in which the machinery for
moving the cars is driven by an electric current.
{Electric ray} (Zo["o]l.), the torpedo.
{Electric telegraph}. See {Telegraph}.
Electric \E*lec"tric\, n. (Physics)
A nonconductor of electricity, as amber, glass, resin, etc.,
employed to excite or accumulate electricity.
Electrically \E*lec"tric*al*ly\, adv.
In the manner of electricity, or by means of it; thrillingly.
Electricalness \E*lec"tric*al*ness\, a.
The state or quality of being electrical.
Electrician \E`lec*tri"cian\, n.
An investigator of electricity; one versed in the science of
electricity.
Electricity \E`lec*tric"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Electricities}. [Cf. F.
['e]lectricit['e]. See {Electric}.]
1. A power in nature, a manifestation of energy, exhibiting
itself when in disturbed equilibrium or in activity by a
circuit movement, the fact of direction in which involves
polarity, or opposition of properties in opposite
directions; also, by attraction for many substances, by a
law involving attraction between surfaces of unlike
polarity, and repulsion between those of like; by
exhibiting accumulated polar tension when the circuit is
broken; and by producing heat, light, concussion, and
often chemical changes when the circuit passes between the
poles or through any imperfectly conducting substance or
space. It is generally brought into action by any
disturbance of molecular equilibrium, whether from a
chemical, physical, or mechanical, cause.
Note: Electricity is manifested under following different
forms: (a)
{Statical electricity}, called also
{Frictional or Common}, {electricity}, electricity in the
condition of a stationary charge, in which the disturbance
is produced by friction, as of glass, amber, etc., or by
induction. (b)
{Dynamical electricity}, called also
{Voltaic electricity}, electricity in motion, or as a current
produced by chemical decomposition, as by means of a
voltaic battery, or by mechanical action, as by
dynamo-electric machines. (c)
{Thermoelectricity}, in which the disturbing cause is heat
(attended possibly with some chemical action). It is
developed by uniting two pieces of unlike metals in a bar,
and then heating the bar unequally. (d)
{Atmospheric electricity}, any condition of electrical
disturbance in the atmosphere or clouds, due to some or
all of the above mentioned causes. (e)
{Magnetic electricity}, electricity developed by the action
of magnets. (f)
{Positive electricity}, the electricity that appears at the
positive pole or anode of a battery, or that is produced
by friction of glass; -- called also {vitreous
electricity}. (g)
{Negative electricity}, the electricity that appears at the
negative pole or cathode, or is produced by the friction
of resinous substance; -- called also resinous
electricity. (h)
{Organic electricity}, that which is developed in organic
structures, either animal or vegetable, the phrase animal
electricity being much more common.
2. The science which unfolds the phenomena and laws of
electricity; electrical science.
3. Fig.: Electrifying energy or characteristic.
Electrifiable \E*lec"tri*fi`a*ble\, a.
Capable of receiving electricity, or of being charged with
it.
Electrification \E*lec`tri*fi*ca"tion\, n. (Physics)
The act of electrifying, or the state of being charged with
electricity.
Electrify \E*lec"tri*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Electrified}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Electrifying}.] [Electric + -fy.]
1. To communicate electricity to; to charge with electricity;
as, to electrify a jar.
2. To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by
electricity; to give an electric shock to; as, to
electrify a limb, or the body.
3. To excite suddenly and violently, esp. by something highly
delightful or inspiriting; to thrill; as, this patriotic
sentiment electrified the audience.
If the sovereign were now to immure a subject in
defiance of the writ of habeas corpus . . . the
whole nation would be instantly electrified by the
news. --Macaulay.
Try whether she could electrify Mr. Grandcourt by
mentioning it to him at table. --G. Eliot.
Electrify \E*lec"tri*fy\, v. i.
To become electric.
Electrine \E*lec"trine\, a. [L. electrinus of amber. See
{Electric}.]
1. Belonging to, or made of, amber.
2. Made of electrum, an alloy used by the ancients.
Electrition \E`lec*tri"tion\, n. (Physiol.)
The recognition by an animal body of the electrical condition
of external objects.
Electrization \E*lec`tri*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]lectrisation.]
The act of electrizing; electrification.
Electrize \E*lec"trize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Electrized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Electrizing}.] [Cf. F. ['e]lectriser.]
To electricity. --Eng. Cyc.
Electrizer \E*lec"tri`zer\, n.
One who, or that which, electrizes.
Electro- \E*lec"tro-\ [L. electrum amber. See {Electric}.]
A prefix or combining form signifying pertaining to
electricity, produced by electricity, producing or employing
electricity, etc.; as, electro-negative; electro-dynamic;
electro-magnet.
Electro \E*lec"tro\, n.
An electrotype.
Electro-ballistic \E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tic\, a.
Pertaining to electro-ballistics.
Electro-ballistics \E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tics\, n.
The art or science of measuring the force or velocity of
projectiles by means of electricity.
Electro-biologist \E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gist\, n. (Biol.)
One versed in electro-biology.
Electro-biology \E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gy\, n. (Biol.)
1. That branch of biology which treats of the electrical
phenomena of living organisms.
2. That phase of mesmerism or animal magnetism, the phenomena
of which are supposed to be produced by a form of
electricity.
Electro-bioscopy \E*lec`tro-bi*os"co*py\, n. [Electro- + Gr. ?
life + -scopy.] (Biol.)
A method of determining the presence or absence of life in an
animal organism with a current of electricity, by noting the
presence or absence of muscular contraction.
Electro-capillarity \E*lec`tro-cap`il*lar"i*ty\, n. (Physics)
The occurrence or production of certain capillary effects by
the action of an electrical current or charge.
Electro-capillary \E*lec`tro-cap"il*la*ry\, a. (Physics)
Pert. to, or caused by, electro-capillarity.
Electro-chemical \E*lec`tro-chem"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to electro-chemistry. --Ure.
Electro-chemistry \E*lec`tro-chem"is*try\, n.
That branch of science which treats of the relation of
electricity to chemical changes.
Electro-chronograph \E*lec`tro-chron"o*graph\, n. (Astron.
Physics)
An instrument for obtaining an accurate record of the time at
which any observed phenomenon occurs, or of its duration. It
has an electro-magnetic register connected with a clock. See
{Chronograph}.
Electro-chronographic \E*lec`tro-chron`o*graph"ic\, a.
Belonging to the electro-chronograph, or recorded by the aid
of it.
Electrocute \E*lec"tro*cute`\, v. t. [Electro- + cute in
execute.]
To execute or put to death by electricity. --
{E*lec`tro*cu"tion}, n.
Note: [Recent; Newspaper words]
Electrode \E*lec"trode\, n. [Electro- + Gr. ? way, path: cf. F.
['e]lectrode.] (Elec.)
The path by which electricity is conveyed into or from a
solution or other conducting medium; esp., the ends of the
wires or conductors, leading from source of electricity, and
terminating in the medium traversed by the current.
Electro-dynamic \E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic\, Electro-dynamical
\E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic*al\, a. (Physics)
Pertaining to the movements or force of electric or galvanic
currents; dependent on electric force.
Electro-dynamics \E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ics\, n.
1. The phenomena of electricity in motion.
2. The branch of science which treats of the properties of
electric currents; dynamical electricity.
Electro-dynamometer \E*lec`tro-dy`na*mom"e*ter\, n.
An instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic
currents.
Electro-engraving \E*lec`tro-en*grav"ing\, n.
The art or process of engraving by means of electricity.
Electro-etching \E*lec`tro-etch"ing\, n.
A mode of etching upon metals by electrolytic action.
Electrogenesis \E*lec`tro*gen"e*sis\, n. [Electro- + genesis.]
(Physiol.)
Same as {Electrogeny}.
Electrogenic \E*lec`tro*gen"ic\, a. (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to electrogenesis; as, an electrogenic
condition.
Electrogeny \E`lec*trog"e*ny\, n. [Electro- + Gr. ? to produce.]
(Physiol.)
A term sometimes applied to the effects (tetanus) produced in
the muscles of the limbs, when a current of electricity is
passed along the spinal cord or nerves.
Electro-gilding \E*lec`tro-gild"ing\, n.
The art or process of gilding copper, iron, etc., by means of
voltaic electricity.
Electro-gilt \E*lec"tro-gilt`\, a.
Gilded by means of voltaic electricity.
Electrograph \E*lec"tro*graph\, n. [Electro- + -graph.]
A mark, record, or tracing, made by the action of
electricity.
Electro-kinetic \E*lec`tro-ki*net"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to electro-kinetics.
Electro-kinetics \E*lec`tro-ki*net"ics\, n.
That branch of electrical science which treats of electricity
in motion.
Electrolier \E*lec`tro*lier"\, n. [Formed from electric in
imitation of chandelier.]
A branching frame, often of ornamental design, to support
electric illuminating lamps.
Electrology \E`lec*trol"o*gy\, n. [Electro- + -logy.]
That branch of physical science which treats of the phenomena
of electricity and its properties.
Electrolysis \E`lec*trol"y*sis\, n. [Electro- + Gr. ? a loosing,
dissolving, fr. ? to loose, dissolve.] (Physics & Chem.)
The act or process of chemical decomposition, by the action
of electricity; as, the electrolysis of silver or nickel for
plating; the electrolysis of water.
Electrolyte \E*lec"tro*lyte\, n. [Electro- + Gr. ? a dissoluble:
cf. F. ['e]lectrolyte.] (Physics & Chem.)
A compound decomposable, or subjected to decomposition, by an
electric current.
Electrolytic \E*lec`tro*lyt"ic\, Electrolytical
\E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]lectrolytique.]
Pertaining to electrolysis; as, electrolytic action. --
{E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Electrolyzable \E*lec"tro*ly`za*ble\, a.
Capable of being electrolyzed, or decomposed by electricity.
Electrolyzation \E*lec`tro*ly*za"tion\, n.
The act or the process of electrolyzing.
Electrolyze \E*lec"tro*lyze\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Electrolyzed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Electrolyzing}.] [Cf. F.
['e]lectrolyser. See {Electrolysis}.]
To decompose by the direct action of electricity. --Faraday.
Electro-magnet \E*lec`tro-mag"net\, n.
A mass, usually of soft iron, but sometimes of some other
magnetic metal, as nickel or cobalt, rendered temporarily
magnetic by being placed within a coil of wire through which
a current of electricity is passing. The metal is generally
in the form of a bar, either straight, or bent into the shape
of a horseshoe.
Electro-magnetic \E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic\, a.
Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is
developed by the passage of an electric current.
{Electro-magnetic engine}, an engine in which the motive
force is electro-magnetism.
{Electro-magnetic theory of light} (Physics), a theory of
light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of
transient electric currents moving transversely to the
direction of the ray.
Electro-magnetism \E*lec`tro-mag"net*ism\, n.
The magnetism developed by a current of electricity; the
science which treats of the development of magnetism by means
of voltaic electricity, and of the properties or actions of
the currents evolved.
Electro-metallurgy \E*lec`tro-met"al*lur`gy\, n.
The act or art precipitating a metal electro-chemical action,
by which a coating is deposited, on a prepared surface, as in
electroplating and electrotyping; galvanoplasty.
Electrometer \E`lec*trom"e*ter\, n. [Electro- + -meter: cf. F.
['e]lectrom[`e]tre.] (Physics)
An instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of
electricity; also, sometimes, and less properly, applied to
an instrument which indicates the presence of electricity
(usually called an electroscope).
{Balance electrometer}. See under {Balance}.
Electro-metric \E*lec`tro-met"ric\, Electro-metrical
\E*lec`tro-met"ric*al\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]lectrom['e]trique.]
Pertaining to electrometry; made by means of electrometer;
as, an electrometrical experiment.
Elextrometry \E`lex*trom"e*try\, n. [Cf. F.
['e]lectrom['e]trie.] (Physics)
The art or process of making electrical measurements.
Electro-motion \E*lec`tro-mo"tion\, n.
The motion of electricity or its passage from one metal to
another in a voltaic circuit; mechanical action produced by
means of electricity.
Electro-motive \E*lec`tro-mo"tive\, a.
Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce,
electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action
or effects.
{Electro-motive force} (Physics), the force which produces,
or tends to produce, electricity, or an electric current;
sometimes used to express the degree of electrification as
equivalent to potential, or more properly difference of
potential.
Electromotor \E*lec`tro*mo"tor\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]lectromoteur.]
1. (Physics) A mover or exciter of electricity; as apparatus
for generating a current of electricity.
2. (Mech.) An apparatus or machine for producing motion and
mechanical effects by the action of electricity; an
electro-magnetic engine.
Electro-muscular \E*lec`tro-mus"cu*lar\, a. (Physiol.)
Pertaining the reaction (contraction) of the muscles under
electricity, or their sensibility to it.
Electron \E*lec"tron\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'h`lektron. See
{Electric}.]
Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called {electrum}.
Electro-negative \E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive\, a. (Chem. & Physics)
(a) Having the property of being attracted by an
electro-positive body, or a tendency to pass to the
positive pole in electrolysis, by the law that opposite
electricities attract each other.
(b) Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to positive,
metallic, or basic.
Electro-negative \E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive\, n. (Chem. & Physics)
A body which passes to the positive pole in electrolysis.
Electropathy \E`lec*trop"a*thy\, n. [Electro- + Gr. ?
suffering.] (Med.)
The treatment of disease by electricity.
Electrophone \E*lec"tro*phone\, n. [Electro- + Gr. ? sound.]
(Physics)
An instrument for producing sound by means of electric
currents.
Electrophorus \E*lec`troph"o*rus\, n.; pl. {Electrophori}. [NL.,
fr. combining form electro- + Gr. ? to bear.] (Physics)
An instrument for exciting electricity, and repeating the
charge indefinitely by induction, consisting of a flat cake
of resin, shelllac, or ebonite, upon which is placed a plate
of metal.
Electro-physiological \E*lec`tro-phys`i*o*log"ic*al\, a.
(Physiol.)
Pertaining to electrical results produced through
physiological agencies, or by change of action in a living
organism.
Electro-physiology \E*lec`tro-phys`i*ol"o*gy\, n. (Physiol.)
That branch of physiology which treats of electric phenomena
produced through physiological agencies.
Electroplate \E*lec"tro*plate`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Electroplating}.] (Mech.)
To plate or cover with a coating of metal, usually silver,
nickel, or gold, by means of electrolysis.
Electroplater \E*lec"tro*pla`ter\, n.
One who electroplates.
Electroplating \E*lec"tro*pla`ting\, n.
The art or process of depositing a coating (commonly) of
silver, gold, or nickel on an inferior metal, by means of
electricity.
Electro-polar \E*lec`tro-po"lar\, a. (Physics)
Possessing electrical polarity; positively electrified at one
end, or on one surface, and negatively at the other; -- said
of a conductor.
Electro-positive \E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive\, a.
1. (Physics) Of such a nature relatively to some other
associated body or bodies, as to tend to the negative pole
of a voltaic battery, in electrolysis, while the
associated body tends to the positive pole; -- the
converse or correlative of electro-negative.
Note: An element that is electro-positive in one compound may
be electro-negative in another, and vice versa.
2. (Chem.) Hence: Positive; metallic; basic; -- distinguished
from negative, nonmetallic, or acid.
Electro-positive \E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive\, n. (Chem. & Physics)
A body which passes to the negative pole in electrolysis.
Electro-puncturation \E*lec`tro-punc`tu*ra"tion\,
Electro-puncturing \E*lec`tro-punc`tur*ing\ (?; 135), n. (Med.)
See {Electropuncture}.
Electro-puncture \E*lec`tro-punc`ture\ (?; 135), n. (Med.)
An operation that consists in inserting needless in the part
affected, and connecting them with the poles of a galvanic
apparatus.
Electroscope \E*lec"tro*scope\, n. [Electro- + -scope: cf. F.
['e]lectroscope.] (Physics)
An instrument for detecting the presence of electricity, or
changes in the electric state of bodies, or the species of
electricity present, as by means of pith balls, and the like.
{Condensing electroscope} (Physics), a form of electroscope
in which an increase of sensibility is obtained by the use
of a condenser.
Electroscopic \E*lec`tro*scop"ic\, a.
Relating to, or made by means of, the electroscope.
Electrostatic \E*lec`tro*stat"ic\, a.
Pertaining to electrostatics.
Electrostatics \E*lec`tro*stat"ics\, n. (Physics)
That branch of science which treats of statical electricity
or electric force in a state of rest.
Electro-stereotype \E*lec`tro-ste"re*o*type\, n.
Same as {Electrotype}.
Electro-telegraphic \E*lec`tro-tel`e*graph"ic\, a.
Pertaining to the electric telegraph, or by means of it.
Electro-telegraphy \E*lec`tro-te*leg"ra*phy\, n.
The art or science of constructing or using the electric
telegraph; the transmission of messages by means of the
electric telegraph.
Electro-therapeutics \E*lec`tro-ther`a*peu"tics\, n. (Med.)
The branch of medical science which treats of the
applications agent.
Electro-thermancy \E*lec`tro-ther"man*cy\, n.
That branch of electrical science which treats of the effect
of an electric current upon the temperature of a conductor,
or a part of a circuit composed of two different metals.
Electro-tint \E*lec"tro-tint`\, n. (Fine Arts)
A style of engraving in relief by means of voltaic
electricity. A picture is drawn on a metallic plate with some
material which resists the fluids of a battery; so that, in
electro-typing, the parts not covered by the varnish, etc.,
receive a deposition of metal, and produce the required copy
in intaglio. A cast of this is then the plate for printing.
Electrotonic \E*lec`tro*ton"ic\, a.
1. (Physics) Of or pertaining to electrical tension; -- said
of a supposed peculiar condition of a conducting circuit
during its exposure to the action of another conducting
circuit traversed by a uniform electric current when both
circuits remain stationary. --Faraday.
2. (Physiol.) Relating to electrotonus; as, the electrotonic
condition of a nerve.
Electrotonize \E`lec*trot"o*nize\, v. t. (Physiol.)
To cause or produce electrotonus.
Electrotonous \E`lec*trot"o*nous\, a.
Electrotonic.
Electrotonus \E`lec*trot"o*nus\, n. [NL., fr. combining form
electro- + Gr. ? tension.] (Physiol.)
The modified condition of a nerve, when a constant current of
electricity passes through any part of it. See
{Anelectrotonus}, and {Catelectrotonus}.
Electrotype \E*lec"tro*type\, n. [Electro- + -type.]
A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing;
also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used
adjectively.
Note: The face of an electrotype consists of a shell of
copper, silver, or the like, produced by the action of
an electrical current upon a plate of metal and a wax
mold suspended in an acid bath and connected with
opposite poles of the battery. It is backed up with a
solid filling of type metal.
Electrotype \E*lec"tro*type\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Electrotyped}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Electrotyping}.]
To make facsimile plates of by the electrotype process; as,
to electrotype a page of type, a book, etc. See
{Electrotype}, n.
Electrotyper \E*lec"tro*ty`per\, n.
One who electrotypes.
Electrotypic \E*lec`tro*typ"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or effected by means of, electrotypy.
Electrotyping \E*lec"tro*ty`ping\, n.
The act or the process of making electrotypes.
Electrotypy \E*lec"tro*ty`py\, n.
The process of producing electrotype plates. See Note under
{Electrotype}, n.
Electro-vital \E*lec`tro-vi"tal\, a.
Derived from, or dependent upon, vital processes; -- said of
certain electric currents supposed by some physiologists to
circulate in the nerves of animals.
Electro-vitalism \E*lec`tro-vi"tal*ism\, n. (Physiol.)
The theory that the functions of living organisms are
dependent upon electricity or a kindred force.
Electrum \E*lec"trum\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?. See {Electric}, and
cf. {Electre}, {Electron}.]
1. Amber.
2. An alloy of gold and silver, of an amber color, used by
the ancients.
3. German-silver plate. See {German silver}, under {German}.
Electuary \E*lec"tu*a*ry\ (?; 135), n.; pl. {Electuaries}. [OE.
letuaire, OF. lettuaire, electuaire, F. ['e]lectuaire, L.
electuarium, electarium. prob. fr. Gr. ?, ? a medicine that
is licked away, fr. Gr. ? to lick up; ? out + ? to lick. See
{Lick}, and cf. {Eclegm}.] (Med.)
A medicine composed of powders, or other ingredients,
incorporated with some convserve, honey, or sirup; a
confection. See the note under {Confection}.
Eleemosynarily \El`ee*mos"y*na*ri*ly\, adv.
In an eleemosynary manner; by charity; charitably.
Eleemosynary \El`ee*mos"y*na*ry\ (?; 277), a. [LL.
eleemosynarius, fr. eleemosyna alms, Gr. ? alms. See {Alms}.]
1. Relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving; intended for the
distribution of charity; as, an eleemosynary corporation.
2. Given in charity or alms; having the nature of alms; as,
eleemosynary assistance. ``Eleemosynary cures.'' --Boyle.
3. Supported by charity; as, eleemosynary poor.
Eleemosynary \El`ee*mos"y*na*ry\, n.; pl. {Eleemosynaries}.
One who subsists on charity; a dependent. --South.
Elegance \El"e*gance\, Elegancy \El"e*gan*cy\, n. [L. elegantia,
fr. elegans, -antis, elegant: cf. F. ['e]l['e]gance.]
1. The state or quality of being elegant; beauty as resulting
from choice qualities and the complete absence of what
deforms or impresses unpleasantly; grace given by art or
practice; fine polish; refinement; -- said of manners,
language, style, form, architecture, etc.
That grace that elegance affords. --Drayton.
The endearing elegance of female friendship.
--Johnson.
A trait of native elegance, seldom seen in the
masculine character after childhood or early youth,
was shown in the General's fondness for the sight
and fragrance of flowers. --Hawthorne.
2. That which is elegant; that which is tasteful and highly
attractive.
The beautiful wildness of nature, without the nicer
elegancies of art. --Spectator.
Syn: {Elegance}, {Grace}. Elegance implies something of a
select style of beauty, which is usually produced by
art, skill, or training; as, elegance of manners,
composition, handwriting, etc.; elegant furniture; an
elegant house, etc. Grace, as the word is here used,
refers to bodily movements, and is a lower order of
beauty. It may be a natural gift; thus, the manners of a
peasant girl may be graceful, but can hardly be called
elegant.
Elegant \El"e*gant\, a. [L. elegans, -antis; akin to eligere to
pick out, choose, select: cf. F. ['e]l['e]gant. See {Elect}.]
1. Very choice, and hence, pleasing to good taste;
characterized by grace, propriety, and refinement, and the
absence of every thing offensive; exciting admiration and
approbation by symmetry, completeness, freedom from
blemish, and the like; graceful; tasteful and highly
attractive; as, elegant manners; elegant style of
composition; an elegant speaker; an elegant structure.
A more diligent cultivation of elegant literature.
--Prescott.
2. Exercising a nice choice; discriminating beauty or
sensitive to beauty; as, elegant taste.
Syn: Tasteful; polished; graceful; refined; comely; handsome;
richly ornamental.
Elegantly \El"e*gant*ly\, adv.
In a manner to please nice taste; with elegance; with due
symmetry; richly.
Elegiac \E*le"gi*ac\ (?; 277), a. [L. elegiacus, Gr. ?: cf. F.
['e]l['e]giaque. See {Elegy}.]
1. Belonging to elegy, or written in elegiacs; plaintive;
expressing sorrow or lamentation; as, an elegiac lay;
elegiac strains.
Elegiac griefs, and songs of love. --Mrs.
Browning.
2. Used in elegies; as, elegiac verse; the elegiac distich or
couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and
pentameter.
Elegiac \E*le"gi*ac\, n.
Elegiac verse.
Elegiacal \El`e*gi"a*cal\, a.
Elegiac.
Elegiast \E*le"gi*ast\, n.
One who composes elegies. --Goldsmith.
Elegiographer \El`e*gi*og"ra*pher\, n. [Gr. ? an elegy + -graph
+ -er.]
An elegist. [Obs.]
Elegist \El"e*gist\, n.
A write of elegies. --T. Warton.
Elegit \E*le"git\, n. [L., he has chosen, fr. eligere to choose.
See {Elect}.] (Law)
A judicial writ of execution, by which a defendant's goods
are appraised and delivered to the plaintiff, and, if not
sufficient to satisfy the debt, all of his lands are
delivered, to be held till the debt is paid by the rents and
profits, or until the defendant's interest has expired.
Elegize \El"e*gize\, v. t.
To lament in an elegy; to celebrate in elegiac verse; to
bewail. --Carlyle.
Elegy \El"e*gy\, n.; pl. {Elegies}. [L. elegia, Gr. ?, fem.
sing. (cf. ?, prop., neut. pl. of ? a distich in elegiac
verse), fr. ? elegiac, fr. ? a song of mourning.]
A mournful or plaintive poem; a funereal song; a poem of
lamentation. --Shak.
Eleidin \E*le"i*din\, n. (Biol.)
Lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules
within the protoplasm of living cells.
Element \El"e*ment\, n. [F. ['e]l['e]ment, L. elementum.]
1. One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of
which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or
fundamental powers of anything are based.
2. One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any
kind of matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which
cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any
means at present employed; as, the elements of water are
oxygen and hydrogen.
Note: The elements are naturally classified in several
families or groups, as the group of the alkaline
elements, the halogen group, and the like. They are
roughly divided into two great classes, the metals, as
sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and
the nonmetals or metalloids, as oxygen, sulphur,
chlorine, which form acid compounds; but the
distinction is only relative, and some, as arsenic,
tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic
compounds. The essential fact regarding every element
is its relative atomic weight or equivalent. When the
elements are tabulated in the order of their ascending
atomic weights, the arrangement constitutes the series
of the Periodic law of Mendelejeff. See {Periodic law},
under {Periodic}. This Periodic law enables us to
predict the qualities of unknown elements. The number
of elements known is about seventy-five, but the gaps
in the Periodic law indicate the possibility of many
more. Many of the elements with which we are familiar,
as hydrogen, carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been
recognized, by means of spectrum analysis, in the sun
and the fixed stars. From certain evidence (as that
afforded by the Periodic law, spectrum analysis, etc.)
it appears that the chemical elements probably may not
be simple bodies, but only very stable compounds of
some simpler body or bodies. In formulas, the elements
are designated by abbreviations of their names in Latin
or New Latin. The Elements
------------------------------------------------------------
Name |Sym-|Atomic Weight| |bol | O=16 | H=1 |
------------------------------------------------------------
Aluminum | Al | 27.1 | 26.9| Antimony(Stibium) Argon
Arsenic Barium Beryllium (see Glucinum) Bismuth Boron
Bromine Cadmium Caesium Calcium Carbon Cerium Chlorine
Chromium Cobalt Columbium Copper (Cuprum) Erbium
Fluorine Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Glucinum
Gold Helium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron (Ferrum) Krypton
Lanthanum Lead (Plumbum) Lithium Magnesium Manganese Mercury
(Hydrargyrum) Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Nickel Niobium (see
Columbium) Nirogen Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum
Potassium (Kalium) Praseodymium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium
----------------------------------------------------------- The
Elements -- continued
------------------------------------------------------------
Name Samarium Scandium Selenium Silicon Silver (Argentum) Sodium
(Natrium) Strontium Sulphur Tantalum Tellurium Thallium Thorium
Thulium Tin (Stannum) Titanium Tungsten (Wolframium) Uranium
Vanadium Wolfranium (see {Tungsten}) Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium
Zinc Zirconium
----------------------------------------------------------
Note: Several other elements have been announced, as holmium,
vesbium, austrium, etc., but their properties, and in
some cases their existence, have not yet been
definitely established.
3. One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in
anything; as, letters are the elements of written
language; hence, also, a simple portion of that which is
complex, as a shaft, lever, wheel, or any simple part in a
machine; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture;
a constituent part; as, quartz, feldspar, and mica are the
elements of granite.
The simplicity which is so large an element in a
noble nature was laughed to scorn. --Jowett
(Thucyd.).
4.
(a) One out of several parts combined in a system of
aggregation, when each is of the nature of the whole;
as, a single cell is an element of the honeycomb.
(b) (Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of the
organism, as a blood corpuscle, a muscular fiber.
5. (Biol.) One of the simplest essential parts, more commonly
called cells, of which animal and vegetable organisms, or
their tissues and organs, are composed.
6. (Math.)
(a) An infinitesimal part of anything of the same nature
as the entire magnitude considered; as, in a solid an
element may be the infinitesimal portion between any
two planes that are separated an indefinitely small
distance. In the calculus, element is sometimes used
as synonymous with differential.
(b) Sometimes a curve, or surface, or volume is considered
as described by a moving point, or curve, or surface,
the latter being at any instant called an element of
the former.
(c) One of the terms in an algebraic expression.
7. One of the necessary data or values upon which a system of
calculations depends, or general conclusions are based;
as, the elements of a planet's orbit.
8. pl. The simplest or fundamental principles of any system
in philosophy, science, or art; rudiments; as, the
elements of geometry, or of music.
9. pl. Any outline or sketch, regarded as containing the
fundamental ideas or features of the thing in question;
as, the elements of a plan.
10. One of the simple substances, as supposed by the ancient
philosophers; one of the imaginary principles of matter.
(a) The four elements were, air, earth, water, and fire;
Note: whence it is said, water is the proper element of
fishes; air is the element of birds. Hence, the state
or sphere natural to anything or suited for its
existence.
Of elements The grosser feeds the purer: Earth
the Sea; Earth and the Sea feed Air; the Air
those Fires Ethereal. --Milton.
Does not our life consist of the four elements?
--Shak.
And the complexion of the element [i. e.,the sky
or air] In favor's like the work we have in hand,
Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. --Shak.
About twelve ounces [of food], with mere element
for drink. --Cheyne.
They show that they are out of their element.
--T. Baker.
Esp., the conditions and movements of the air. ``The
elements be kind to thee.''
(b) The elements of the alchemists were salt, sulphur,
and mercury. --Brande & C.
11. pl. The whole material composing the world.
The elements shall melt with fervent heat. --2
Peter iii. 10.
12. pl. (Eccl.) The bread and wine used in the eucharist or
Lord's supper.
{Magnetic element}, one of the hypothetical elementary
portions of which a magnet is regarded as made up.
Element \El"e*ment\ ([e^]l"[-e]*m[e^]nt), v. t.
1. To compound of elements or first principles. [Obs.]
``[Love] being elemented too.'' --Donne.
2. To constitute; to make up with elements.
His very soul was elemented of nothing but sadness.
--Walton.
Elemental \El`e*men"tal\ ([e^]l`[-e]*m[e^]n"tal), a.
1. Pertaining to the elements, first principles, and primary
ingredients, or to the four supposed elements of the
material world; as, elemental air. ``Elemental strife.''
--Pope.
2. Pertaining to rudiments or first principles; rudimentary;
elementary. ``The elemental rules of erudition.''
--Cawthorn.
Elementalism \El`e*men"tal*ism\ (-[i^]z'm), a.
The theory that the heathen divinities originated in the
personification of elemental powers.
Elementality \E`le*men*tal"i*ty\ (-m[e^]n*t[a^]l"[i^]*t[y^]), n.
The condition of being composed of elements, or a thing so
composed.
Elementally \El`e*men"tal*ly\, adv.
According to elements; literally; as, the words, ``Take, eat;
this is my body,'' elementally understood.
Elementar \El`e*men"tar\, a.
Elementary. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Elementariness \El`e*men"ta*ri*ness\, n.
The state of being elementary; original simplicity;
uncompounded state.
Elementarity \El`e*men*tar"i*ty\, n.
Elementariness. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Elementary \El`e*men"ta*ry\, a. [L. elementarius: cf. F.
['e]l['e]mentaire.]
1. Having only one principle or constituent part; consisting
of a single element; simple; uncompounded; as, an
elementary substance.
2. Pertaining to, or treating of, the elements, rudiments, or
first principles of anything; initial; rudimental;
introductory; as, an elementary treatise.
3. Pertaining to one of the four elements, air, water, earth,
fire. ``Some luminous and fiery impressions in the
elementary region.'' --J. Spencer.
Elementation \El`e*men*ta"tion\, n.
Instruction in the elements or first principles. [R.]
Elementoid \El"e*men*toid`\, a. [Element + -oid.]
Resembling an element.
Elemi \El"e*mi\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]lemi, It. elemi, Sp. elemi; of
American or Oriental. origin.]
A fragrant gum resin obtained chiefly from tropical trees of
the genera {Amyris} and {Canarium}. {A. elemifera} yields
Mexican elemi; {C. commune}, the Manila elemi. It is used in
the manufacture of varnishes, also in ointments and plasters.
Elemin \El"e*min\, n. (Chem.)
A transparent, colorless oil obtained from elemi resin by
distillation with water; also, a crystallizable extract from
the resin.
Elench \E*lench"\ ([-e]*l[e^][ng]k"), n.; pl. {Elenchs}. [L.
elenchus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to convict, confute, prove: cf. OF.
elenche.] (Logic)
(a) That part of an argument on which its conclusiveness
depends; that which convinces of refutes an antagonist; a
refutation.
(b) A specious but fallacious argument; a sophism.
Elenchical \E*len"chic*al\, a.
Pertaining to an elench.
Elenchically \E*len"chic*al*ly\, adv.
By means of an elench.
Elenchize \E*len"chize\, v. i.
To dispute. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Elenchtic \E*lench"tic\, Elenchtical \E*lench"tic*al\, a.
Same as {Elenctic}.
Elenchus \E*len"chus\, n. [L.]
Same as {Elench}.
Elenctic \E*lenc"tic\, Elenctical \E*lenc"tic*al\, a. [Gr.?.]
(Logic)
Serving to refute; refutative; -- applied to indirect modes
of proof, and opposed to deictic.
Elenge \El"enge\, a. [Cf. AS. ellende foreign, strange, G. elend
miserable.]
Sorrowful; wretched; full of trouble. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Elengeness \El"enge*ness\, n.
Loneliness; misery. [Obs.]
Elephansy \El"e*phan*sy\, n. [L. elephantia.]
Elephantiasis. [Obs.] --Holland.
Elephant \El"e*phant\, n. [OE. elefaunt, olifant, OF. olifant,
F. ['e]l['e]phant, L. elephantus, elephas, -antis, fr. Gr. ?,
?; of unknown origin; perh. fr. Skr. ibha, with the Semitic
article al, el, prefixed, or fr. Semitic Aleph hindi Indian
bull; or cf. Goth. ulbandus camel, AS. olfend.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A mammal of the order Proboscidia, of which two
living species, {Elephas Indicus} and {E. Africanus}, and
several fossil species, are known. They have a proboscis
or trunk, and two large ivory tusks proceeding from the
extremity of the upper jaw, and curving upwards. The molar
teeth are large and have transverse folds. Elephants are
the largest land animals now existing.
2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. [Obs.] --Dryden.
{Elephant apple} (Bot.), an East Indian fruit with a rough,
hard rind, and edible pulp, borne by {Feronia elephantum},
a large tree related to the orange.
{Elephant bed} (Geol.), at Brighton, England, abounding in
fossil remains of elephants. --Mantell.
{Elephant beetle} (Zo["o]l.), any very large beetle of the
genus {Goliathus} (esp. {G. giganteus}), of the family
{Scarab[ae]id[ae]}. They inhabit West Africa.
{Elephant fish} (Zo["o]l.), a chim[ae]roid fish
({Callorhynchus antarcticus}), with a proboscis-like
projection of the snout.
{Elephant paper}, paper of large size, 23 [times] 28 inches.
{Double elephant paper}, paper measuring 263/4 [times] 40
inches. See Note under {Paper}.
{Elephant seal} (Zo["o]l.), an African jumping shrew
({Macroscelides typicus}), having a long nose like a
proboscis.
{Elephant's ear} (Bot.), a name given to certain species of
the genus Begonia, which have immense one-sided leaves.
{Elephant's foot} (Bot.)
(a) A South African plant ({Testudinaria Elephantipes}),
which has a massive rootstock covered with a kind of
bark cracked with deep fissures; -- called also
{tortoise plant}. The interior part is barely edible,
whence the plant is also called {Hottentot's bread}.
(b) A genus ({Elephantopus}) of coarse, composite weeds.
{Elephant's tusk} (Zo["o]l.), the tooth shell. See
{Dentalium}.
Elephantiac \El`e*phan"ti*ac\, a. (Med.)
Affected with elephantiasis; characteristic of elephantiasis.
Elephantiasis \El`e*phan*ti"a*sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, from ?,
?, an elephant.] (Med.)
A disease of the skin, in which it become enormously
thickened, and is rough, hard, and fissured, like an
elephant's hide.
Elephantine \El`e*phan"tine\, a. [L. elephantinus of ivory, Gr.
?: cf. F. ['e]l['e]phantin.]
Pertaining to the elephant, or resembling an elephant
(commonly, in size); hence, huge; immense; heavy; as, of
elephantine proportions; an elephantine step or tread.
{Elephantine epoch} (Geol.), the epoch distinguished by the
existence of large pachyderms. --Mantell.
{Elephantine tortoise} (Zo["o]l.), a huge land tortoise;
esp., {Testudo elephantina}, from islands in the Indian
Ocean; and {T. elephantopus}, from the Galapagos Islands.
Elephantoid \El"e*phan*toid`\ (?; 277), Elephantoidal
\El`e*phan*toid"al\, a. [Elephant + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Resembling an elephant in form or appearance.
Eleusinian \El`eu*sin"i*an\, a. [L. Eleusinius, Gr. ?.]
Pertaining to Eleusis, in Greece, or to secret rites in honor
of Ceres, there celebrated; as, Eleusinian mysteries or
festivals.
Eleutheromania \E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*a\, n. [Gr. ? free + E.
mania.]
A mania or frantic zeal for freedom. [R.] --Carlyle.
Eleutheromaniac \E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*ac\, a.
Mad for freedom. [R.]
Eleuthero-petalous \E*leu`ther*o-pet"al*ous\, a. [Gr. ? free +
E. petal.] (Bot.)
Having the petals free, that is, entirely separate from each
other; -- said of both plant and flower.
Elevate \El"e*vate\, a. [L. elevatus, p. p.]
Elevated; raised aloft. [Poetic] --Milton.
Elevate \El"e*vate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elevated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Elevating}.] [L. elevatus, p. p. of elevare; e +
levare to lift up, raise, akin to levis light in weight. See
{Levity}.]
1. To bring from a lower place to a higher; to lift up; to
raise; as, to elevate a weight, a flagstaff, etc.
2. To raise to a higher station; to promote; as, to elevate
to an office, or to a high social position.
3. To raise from a depressed state; to animate; to cheer; as,
to elevate the spirits.
4. To exalt; to ennoble; to dignify; as, to elevate the mind
or character.
5. To raise to a higher pitch, or to a greater degree of
loudness; -- said of sounds; as, to elevate the voice.
6. To intoxicate in a slight degree; to render tipsy.
[Colloq. & Sportive] ``The elevated cavaliers sent for two
tubs of merry stingo.'' --Sir W. Scott.
7. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage. [A Latin
meaning] [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
{To elevate a piece} (Gun.), to raise the muzzle; to lower
the breech.
Syn: To exalt; dignify; ennoble; erect; raise; hoist;
heighten; elate; cheer; flush; excite; animate.
Elevated \El"e*va`ted\, a.
Uplifted; high; lofty; also, animated; noble; as, elevated
thoughts.
{Elevated railway}, one in which the track is raised
considerably above the ground, especially a city railway
above the line of street travel.
Elevatedness \El"e*va`ted*ness\, n.
The quality of being elevated.
Elevation \El`e*va"tion\, n. [L. elevatio: cf. F.
['e]l['e]vation.]
1. The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or
quality to a higher; -- said of material things, persons,
the mind, the voice, etc.; as, the elevation of grain;
elevation to a throne; elevation of mind, thoughts, or
character.
2. Condition of being elevated; height; exaltation. ``Degrees
of elevation above us.'' --Locke.
His style . . . wanted a little elevation. --Sir H.
Wotton.
3. That which is raised up or elevated; an elevated place or
station; as, an elevation of the ground; a hill.
4. (Astron.) The distance of a celestial object above the
horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted
between it and the horizon; altitude; as, the elevation of
the pole, or of a star.
5. (Dialing) The angle which the style makes with the
substylar line.
6. (Gunnery) The movement of the axis of a piece in a
vertical plane; also, the angle of elevation, that is, the
angle between the axis of the piece and the line o? sight;
-- distinguished from direction.
7. (Drawing) A geometrical projection of a building, or other
object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon;
orthographic projection on a vertical plane; -- called by
the ancients the orthography.
{Angle of elevation} (Geodesy), the angle which an ascending
line makes with a horizontal plane.
{Elevation of the host} (R. C. Ch.), that part of the Mass in
which the priest raises the host above his head for the
people to adore.
Elevator \El"e*va`tor\, n. [L., one who raises up, a deliverer:
cf. F. ['e]l['e]vateur.]
One who, or that which, raises or lifts up anything; as:
(a) A mechanical contrivance, usually an endless belt or
chain with a series of scoops or buckets, for
transferring grain to an upper loft for storage.
(b) A cage or platform and the hoisting machinery in a hotel,
warehouse, mine, etc., for conveying persons, goods,
etc., to or from different floors or levels; -- called in
England a lift; the cage or platform itself.
(c) A building for elevating, storing, and discharging,
grain.
(d) (Anat.) A muscle which serves to raise a part of the
body, as the leg or the eye.
(e) (Surg.) An instrument for raising a depressed portion of
a bone.
{Elevator head}, {leg}, & {boot}, the boxes in which the
upper pulley, belt, and lower pulley, respectively, run in
a grain elevator.
Elevatory \El"e*va`to*ry\, a.
Tending to raise, or having power to elevate; as, elevatory
forces.
Elevatory \El"e*va`to*ry\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]l['e]vatoire.] (Surg.)
See {Elevator}, n.
(e) . --Dunglison.
'Eleve \['E]`l[`e]ve"\ ([asl]`l[asl]v"), n. [F., fr. ['e]lever
to raise, bring up.]
A pupil; a student.
Eleven \E*lev"en\ ([-e]*l[e^]v"'n), a. [OE. enleven, AS.
endleofan, endlufon, for nleofan; akin to LG. eleve, ["o]lwe,
["o]lwen, D. elf, G. elf, eilf, OHG. einlif, Icel. ellifu,
Sw. elfva, Dan. elleve, Goth. ainlif, cf. Lith. v["e]nolika;
and fr. the root of E. one + (prob.) a root signifying ``to
be left over, remain,'' appearing in E. loan, or perh. in
leave, v. t., life. See {One}, and cf. {Twelve}.]
Ten and one added; as, eleven men.
Eleven \E*lev"en\, n.
1. The sum of ten and one; eleven units or objects.
2. A symbol representing eleven units, as 11 or xi.
3. (Cricket & American Football) The eleven men selected to
play on one side in a match, as the representatives of a
club or a locality; as, the all-England eleven.
Eleventh \E*lev"enth\, a. [Cf. AS. endlyfta. See {Eleven}.]
1. Next after the tenth; as, the eleventh chapter.
2. Constituting one of eleven parts into which a thing is
divided; as, the eleventh part of a thing.
3. (Mus.) Of or pertaining to the interval of the octave and
the fourth.
Eleventh \E*lev"enth\, n.
1. The quotient of a unit divided by eleven; one of eleven
equal parts.
2. (Mus.) The interval consisting of ten conjunct degrees;
the interval made up of an octave and a fourth.
Elf \Elf\ ([e^]lf), n.; pl. {Elves} ([e^]lvz). [AS. [ae]lf, ylf;
akin to MHG. alp, G. alp nightmare, incubus, Icel. [=a]lfr
elf, Sw. alf, elfva; cf. Skr. [.r]bhu skillful, artful, rabh
to grasp. Cf. {Auf}, {Oaf}.]
1. An imaginary supernatural being, commonly a little sprite,
much like a fairy; a mythological diminutive spirit,
supposed to haunt hills and wild places, and generally
represented as delighting in mischievous tricks.
Every elf, and fairy sprite, Hop as light as bird
from brier. --Shak.
2. A very diminutive person; a dwarf.
{Elf arrow}, a flint arrowhead; -- so called by the English
rural folk who often find these objects of prehistoric
make in the fields and formerly attributed them to
fairies; -- called also {elf bolt}, {elf dart}, and {elf
shot}.
{Elf child}, a child supposed to be left by elves, in room of
one they had stolen. See {Changeling}.
{Elf fire}, the ignis fatuus. --Brewer.
{Elf owl} (Zo["o]l.), a small owl ({Micrathene Whitneyi}) of
Southern California and Arizona.
Elf \Elf\, v. t.
To entangle mischievously, as an elf might do.
Elf all my hair in knots. --Shak.
Elfin \Elf"in\ (-[i^]n), a.
Relating to elves.
Elfin \Elf"in\, n.
A little elf or urchin. --Shenstone.
Elfish \Elf"ish\, a.
Of or relating to the elves; elflike; implike; weird;
scarcely human; mischievous, as though caused by elves.
``Elfish light.'' --Coleridge.
The elfish intelligence that was so familiar an
expression on her small physiognomy. --Hawthorne.
Elfishly \Elf"ish*ly\, adv.
In an elfish manner.
Elfishness \Elf"ish*ness\, n.
The quality of being elfish.
Elfkin \Elf"kin\, n.
A little elf.
Elfland \Elf"land`\, n.
Fairyland. --Tennyson.
Elflock \Elf"lock`\, n.
Hair matted, or twisted into a knot, as if by elves.
Elgin marbles \El"gin mar"bles\
Greek sculptures in the British Museum. They were obtained at
Athens, about 1811, by Lord Elgin.
Elicit \E*lic"it\, a. [L. elictus, p. p. of elicere to elicit; e
+ lacere to entice. Cf. {Delight}, {Lace}.]
Elicited; drawn out; made real; open; evident. [Obs.] ``An
elicit act of equity.'' --Jer. Taylor.
Elicit \E*lic"it\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elicited}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Eliciting}.]
To draw out or entice forth; to bring to light; to bring out
against the will; to deduce by reason or argument; as, to
elicit truth by discussion.
Elicitate \E*lic"i*tate\, v. t.
To elicit. [Obs.]
Elicitation \E*lic`i*ta"tion\, n.
The act of eliciting. [Obs.] --Abp. Bramhall.
Elide \E*lide"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elided}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Eliding}.] [L. elidere to strike out or off; e + laedere to
hurt by striking: cf. F. ['e]lider. See {Lesion}.]
1. To break or dash in pieces; to demolish; as, to elide the
force of an argument. [Obs.] --Hooker.
2. (Gram.) To cut off, as a vowel or a syllable, usually the
final one; to subject to elision.
Eligibility \El`i*gi*bil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]ligibilit['e].]
The quality of being eligible; eligibleness; as, the
eligibility of a candidate; the eligibility of an offer of
marriage.
Eligible \El"i*gi*ble\, a. [F. ['e]ligible, fr. L. eligere. See
{Elect}.]
1. That may be selected; proper or qualified to be chosen;
legally qualified to be elected and to hold office.
2. Worthy to be chosen or selected; suitable; desirable; as,
an eligible situation for a house.
The more eligible of the two evils. --Burke.
Eligibleness \El"i*gi*ble*ness\, n.
The quality worthy or qualified to be chosen; suitableness;
desirableness.
Eligibly \El"i*gi*bly\, adv.
In an eligible manner.
Elimate \El"i*mate\, v. t. [L. elimatus, p. p. of elimare to
file up; e out + limare to file, fr. lima file.]
To render smooth; to polish. [Obs.]
Eliminant \E*lim"i*nant\, n. (Math.)
The result of eliminating n variables between n homogeneous
equations of any degree; -- called also {resultant}.
Eliminate \E*lim"i*nate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eliminated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Eliminating}.] [L. eliminatus, p. p. of
eliminare; e out + limen threshold; prob. akin to limes
boundary. See {Limit}.]
1. To put out of doors; to expel; to discharge; to release;
to set at liberty.
Eliminate my spirit, give it range Through provinces
of thought yet unexplored. --Young.
2. (Alg.) To cause to disappear from an equation; as, to
eliminate an unknown quantity.
3. To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive
inquiry; to leave out of consideration.
Eliminate errors that have been gathering and
accumulating. --Lowth.
4. To obtain by separating, as from foreign matters; to
deduce; as, to eliminate an idea or a conclusion. [Recent,
and not well authorized]
5. (Physiol.) To separate; to expel from the system; to
excrete; as, the kidneys eliminate urea, the lungs
carbonic acid; to eliminate poison from the system.
Elimination \E*lim`i*na"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]limination.]
1. The act of expelling or throwing off; (Physiol.) the act
of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign
substances through the various emunctories.
2. (Alg.) Act of causing a quantity to disappear from an
equation; especially, in the operation of deducing from
several equations containing several unknown quantities a
less number of equations containing a less number of
unknown quantities.
3. The act of obtaining by separation, or as the result of
eliminating; deduction. [See {Eliminate}, 4.]
Eliminative \E*lim"i*na*tive\, a. (Physiol.)
Relating to, or carrying on, elimination.
Elinguate \E*lin"guate\, v. t. [L. elinguare.]
To deprive of the tongue. [Obs.] --Davies (Holy Roode).
Elinguation \E`lin*gua"tion\, n. [L. elinguatio. See
{Elinguid}.] (O. Eng. Law)
Punishment by cutting out the tongue.
Elinguid \E*lin"guid\, a. [L. elinguis, prop., deprived of the
tongue; hence, speechless; e + lingua tongue.]
Tongue-tied; dumb. [Obs.]
Eliquament \E*liq"ua*ment\, n.
A liquid obtained from fat, or fat fish, by pressure.
Eliquation \El`i*qua"tion\, n. [L. eliquatio, fr. eliquare to
clarify, strain; e + liquare to make liquid, melt.]
(Metallurgy)
The process of separating a fusible substance from one less
fusible, by means of a degree of heat sufficient to melt the
one and not the other, as an alloy of copper and lead;
liquation. --Ure.
Elison \E*li"son\, n. [L. elisio, fr. elidere, elisum, to strike
out: cf. F. ['e]lision. See {Elide}.]
1. Division; separation. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. (Gram.) The cutting off or suppression of a vowel or
syllable, for the sake of meter or euphony; esp., in
poetry, the dropping of a final vowel standing before an
initial vowel in the following word, when the two words
are drawn together.
Elisor \E*li"sor\, n. [F. ['e]liseur, fr. ['e]lire to choose, L.
eligere. See {Elect}.] (Eng. Law)
An elector or chooser; one of two persons appointed by a
court to return a jury or serve a writ when the sheriff and
the coroners are disqualified.
'Elite \['E]`lite"\, n. [F., fr. ['e]lire to choose, L. eligere.
See {Elect}.]
A choice or select body; the flower; as, the ['e]lite of
society.
Elix \E*lix"\, v. t. [See {Elixate}.]
To extract. [Obs.] --Marston.
Elixate \E*lix"ate\, v. t. [L. elixatus, p. p. of elixare to
seethe, fr. elixus thoroughly boiled; e + lixare to boil, lix
ashes.]
To boil; to seethe; hence, to extract by boiling or seething.
[Obs.] --Cockeram.
Elixation \El`ix*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]lixation.]
A seething; digestion. [Obs.] --Burton.
Elixir \E*lix"ir\, n. [F. ['e]lixir, Sp. elixir, Ar. eliks[=i]r
the philosopher's stone, prob. from Gr. ? dry, (hence
probably) a dry powder; cf. Skr. ksh[=a] to burn.]
1. (Med.) A tincture with more than one base; a compound
tincture or medicine, composed of various substances, held
in solution by alcohol in some form.
2. (Alchemy) An imaginary liquor capable of transmuting
metals into gold; also, one for producing life
indefinitely; as, elixir vit[ae], or the elixir of life.
3. The refined spirit; the quintessence.
The . . . elixir of worldly delights. --South.
4. Any cordial or substance which invigorates.
The grand elixir, to support the spirits of human
nature. --Addison.
Elizabethan \E*liz"a*beth`an\, a.
Pertaining to Queen Elizabeth or her times, esp. to the
architecture or literature of her reign; as, the Elizabethan
writers, drama, literature. -- n. One who lived in England in
the time of Queen Elizabeth. --Lowell.
Elk \Elk\, n. [Icel. elgr; akin to Sw. elg, AS. eolh, OHG.
elaho, MHG. elch, cf. L. alces; perh. akin to E. eland.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large deer, of several species. The European elk ({Alces
machlis} or {Cervus alces}) is closely allied to the American
moose. The American elk, or wapiti ({Cervus Canadensis}), is
closely related to the European stag. See {Moose}, and
{Wapiti}.
{Irish elk} (Paleon.), a large, extinct, Quaternary deer
({Cervus giganteus}) with widely spreading antlers. Its
remains have been found beneath the peat of swamps in
Ireland and England. See Illustration in Appendix; also
Illustration of {Antler}.
{Cape elk} (Zo["o]l.), the eland.
Elk \Elk\, Elke \Elke\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European wild or whistling swan ({Cygnus ferus}).
Elknut \Elk"nut`\, n. (Bot.)
The buffalo nut. See under {Buffalo}.
Elkwood \Elk"wood`\, n.
The soft, spongy wood of a species of Magnolia ({M.
Umbrella}).
Ell \Ell\, n. [AS. eln; akin to D. el, elle, G. elle, OHG.
elina, Icel. alin, Dan. alen, Sw. aln, Goth. alenia, L. ulna
elbow, ell, Gr. ? elbow. Cf. {Elbow}, {Alnage}.]
A measure for cloth; -- now rarely used. It is of different
lengths in different countries; the English ell being 45
inches, the Dutch or Flemish ell 27, the Scotch about 37.
Ell \Ell\, n. (Arch.)
See {L}.
Ellachick \El"la*chick\, n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A fresh-water tortoise ({Chelopus marmoratus}) of California;
-- used as food.
Ellagic \El*lag"ic\, a. [F., fr. galle gall (with the letters
reversed).] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, gallnuts or gallic acid; as,
ellagic acid.
{Ellagic acid} (Chem.), a white crystalline substance,
{C14H8O9}, found in bezoar stones, and obtained by the
oxidation of gallic acid.
Ellebore \El"le*bore\, n.
Hellebore. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Elleborin \El*leb"o*rin\, n.
See {Helleborin}.
Elleck \El"leck\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo["o]l.)
The red gurnard or cuckoo fish. [Prov. Eng.]
Ellenge \El"lenge\, Ellinge \El"linge\, a., Ellengeness
\El"lenge*ness\, Ellingeness \El"linge*ness\, n.
See {Elenge}, {Elengeness}. [Obs.]
Elles \El"les\, adv. & conj.
See {Else}. [Obs.]
Ellipse \El*lipse"\, n. [Gr. ?, prop., a defect, the inclination
of the ellipse to the base of the cone being in defect when
compared with that of the side to the base: cf. F. ellipse.
See {Ellipsis}.]
1. (Geom.) An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular
curve, which corresponds to an oblique projection of a
circle, or an oblique section of a cone through its
opposite sides. The greatest diameter of the ellipse is
the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor axis.
See {Conic section}, under {Conic}, and cf. {Focus}.
2. (Gram.) Omission. See {Ellipsis}.
3. The elliptical orbit of a planet.
The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun; The dark
Earth follows wheeled in her ellipse. --Tennyson.
Ellipsis \El*lip"sis\, n.; pl. {Ellipses}. [L., fr. Gr. ? a
leaving, defect, fr. ? to leave in fall short; ? in + ? to
leave. See {In}, and {Loan}, and cf. {Ellipse}.]
1. (Gram.) Omission; a figure of syntax, by which one or more
words, which are obviously understood, are omitted; as,
the virtues I admire, for, the virtues which I admire.
2. (Geom.) An ellipse. [Obs.]
Ellipsograph \El*lip"so*graph\, n. [Ellipse + graph: cf. F.
ellipsographe.]
An instrument for describing ellipses; -- called also
{trammel}.
Ellipsoid \El*lip"soid\, n. [Ellipse + -oid: cf. F. ellipsoide.]
(Geom.)
A solid, all plane sections of which are ellipses or circles.
See {Conoid}, n., 2
(a) .
Note: The ellipsoid has three principal plane sections, a, b,
and c, each at right angles to the other two, and each
dividing the solid into two equal and symmetrical
parts. The lines of meeting of these principal sections
are the axes, or principal diameters of the ellipsoid.
The point where the three planes meet is the center.
{Ellipsoid of revolution}, a spheroid; a solid figure
generated by the revolution of an ellipse about one of its
axes. It is called a prolate spheroid, or prolatum, when
the ellipse is revolved about the major axis, and an
oblate spheroid, or oblatum, when it is revolved about the
minor axis.
Ellipsoid \El*lip"soid\, Ellipsoidal \El`lip*soi"dal\, a.
Pertaining to, or shaped like, an ellipsoid; as, ellipsoid or
ellipsoidal form.
Elliptic \El*lip"tic\, Elliptical \El*lip"tic*al\, a. [Gr. ?:
cf. F. elliptique. See {Ellipsis}.]
1. Of or pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an
ellipse; oblong, with rounded ends.
The planets move in elliptic orbits. --Cheyne.
2. Having a part omitted; as, an elliptical phrase.
{Elliptic chuck}. See under {Chuck}.
{Elliptic compasses}, an instrument arranged for drawing
ellipses.
{Elliptic function}. (Math.) See {Function}.
{Elliptic integral}. (Math.) See {Integral}.
{Elliptic polarization}. See under {Polarization}.
Elliptically \El*lip"tic*al*ly\, adv.
1. In the form of an ellipse.
2. With a part omitted; as, elliptically expressed.
Ellipticity \El`lip*tic"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. ellipticit['e].]
Deviation of an ellipse or a spheroid from the form of a
circle or a sphere; especially, in reference to the figure of
the earth, the difference between the equatorial and polar
semidiameters, divided by the equatorial; thus, the
ellipticity of the earth is 1/29966.
Note: Some writers use ellipticity as the ratio of the
difference of the two semiaxes to the minor axis,
instead of the major. --Nichol.
Elliptic-lanceolate \El*lip"tic-lan"ce*o*late\, a. (Bot.)
Having a form intermediate between elliptic and lanceolate.
Elliptograph \El*lip"to*graph\, n.
Same as {Ellipsograph}.
Ellwand \Ell"wand\, n.
Formerly, a measuring rod an ell long.
Elm \Elm\, n. [AS. elm; akin to D. olm, OHG. elm, G. ulme, Icel.
almr, Dan. & Sw. alm, L. ulmus, and E. alder. Cf. {Old}.]
(Bot.)
A tree of the genus {Ulmus}, of several species, much used as
a shade tree, particularly in America. The English elm is
{Ulmus campestris}; the common American or white elm is {U.
Americana}; the slippery or red elm, {U. fulva}.
{Elm beetle} (Zo["o]l.), one of several species of beetles
(esp. {Galeruca calmariensis}), which feed on the leaves
of the elm.
{Elm borer} (Zo["o]l.), one of several species of beetles of
which the larv[ae] bore into the wood or under the bark of
the elm (esp. {Saperda tridentata}).
{Elm butterfly} (Zo["o]l.), one of several species of
butterflies, which, in the caterpillar state, feed on the
leaves of the elm (esp. {Vanessa antiopa} and {Grapta
comma}). See {Comma butterfly}, under {Comma}.
{Elm moth} (Zo["o]l.), one of numerous species of moths of
which the larv[ae] destroy the leaves of the elm (esp.
{Eugonia subsignaria}, called elm spanworm).
{Elm sawfly} (Zo["o]l.), a large sawfly ({Cimbex Americana}).
The larva, which is white with a black dorsal stripe,
feeds on the leaves of the elm.
Elmen \Elm"en\, a.
Belonging to elms. [Obs.]
Elmo's fire \El"mo's fire`\
See {Corposant}; also {Saint Elmo's Fire}, under {Saint}.
Elmy \Elm"y\, a.
Abounding with elms.
The simple spire and elmy grange. --T. Warton.
Elocation \El`o*ca"tion\, n. [Pref. e- + locate.]
1. A removal from the usual place of residence. [Obs.]
2. Departure from the usual state; an ecstasy. [Obs.]
Elocular \E*loc"u*lar\, a. [Pref. e- + locular.]
Having but one cell, or cavity; not divided by a septum or
partition.
Elocution \El`o*cu"tion\, n. [L. elocutio, fr. eloqui, elocutus,
to speak out: cf. F. ['e]locution. See {Eloquent}.]
1. Utterance by speech. [R.]
[Fruit] whose taste . . . Gave elocution to the
mute, and taught The tongue not made for speech to
speak thy praise. --Milton.
2. Oratorical or expressive delivery, including the graces of
intonation, gesture, etc.; style or manner of speaking or
reading in public; as, clear, impressive elocution. ``The
elocution of a reader.'' --Whately
3. Suitable and impressive writing or style; eloquent
diction. [Obs.]
To express these thoughts with elocution. --Dryden.
Elocutionary \El`o*cu"tion*a*ry\, a.
Pertaining to elocution.
Elocutionist \El`o*cu"tion*ist\, n.
One who is versed in elocution; a teacher of elocution.
Elocutive \El"o*cu`tive\, a.
Pertaining to oratorical expression. [Obs.] --Feltham.
Elodian \E*lo"di*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of a tribe of tortoises, including the terrapins, etc.,
in which the head and neck can be withdrawn.
'Eloge \['E]`loge"\, n. [F. See {Elogium}.]
A panegyrical funeral oration.
Elogist \El"o*gist\, n. [F. ['e]logiste.]
One who pronounces an ['e]loge.
Elogium \E*lo"gi*um\, Elogy \El"o*gy\, n. [L. elogium a short
saying, an inscription, fr. Gr. ? speech, fr. ? to speak. Cf.
{?loge}.]
The praise bestowed on a person or thing; panegyric; eulogy.
Elohim \E*lo"him\, n. [Heb.]
One of the principal names by which God is designated in the
Hebrew Scriptures.
Elohist \E*lo"hist\, n.
The writer, or one of the writers, of the passages of the Old
Testament, notably those of Elohim instead of Jehovah, as the
name of the Supreme Being; -- distinguished from Jehovist.
--S. Davidson.
Elohistic \El`o*his"tic\, a.
Relating to Elohim as a name of God; -- said of passages in
the Old Testament.
Eloign \E*loign"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eloigned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Eloigning}.] [F. ['e]loigner, OF. esloignier; pref. es-
(L. ex) + OF. & F. loin far, far off, L. longe, fr. longus
long. See {Elongate}.] [Written also {eloin}.]
1. To remove afar off; to withdraw. [Obs.]
From worldly cares he did himself eloign. --Spenser.
2. (Law) To convey to a distance, or beyond the jurisdiction,
or to conceal, as goods liable to distress.
The sheriff may return that the goods or beasts are
eloigned. --Blackstone.
Eloignate \E*loign"ate\, v. t.
To remove. [Obs.] --Howell.
Eloignment \E*loign"ment\, n. [F. ['e]loignement.]
Removal to a distance; withdrawal. [Obs.]
Eloin \E*loin"\, v. t.
See {Eloign}.
Eloinate \E*loin"ate\, v. t.
See {Eloignate}.
Eloinment \E*loin"ment\, n.
See {Eloignment}.
Elong \E*long"\ (?; 115), v. t. [See {Eloign}, {Elongate}.]
1. To lengthen out; to prolong. [Obs.]
2. To put away; to separate; to keep off. [Obs.] --Wyatt.
Elongate \E*lon"gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elongated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Elongating}.] [LL. elongatus, p. p. of elongare to
remove, to prolong; e + L. longus long. See {Long}, a., and
cf. {Eloign}.]
1. To lengthen; to extend; to stretch; as, to elongate a
line.
2. To remove further off. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Elongate \E*lon"gate\, v. i.
To depart to, or be at, a distance; esp., to recede
apparently from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. [R.]
Elongate \E*lon"gate\, a. [LL. elongatus.]
Drawn out at length; elongated; as, an elongate leaf. ``An
elongate form.'' --Earle.
Elongation \E`lon*ga"tion\ (?; 277), n. [LL. elongatio: cf. F.
['e]longation.]
1. The act of lengthening, or the state of being lengthened;
protraction; extension. ``Elongation of the fibers.''
--Arbuthnot.
2. That which lengthens out; continuation.
May not the mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland
be considered as elongations of these two chains?
--Pinkerton.
3. Removal to a distance; withdrawal; a being at a distance;
distance.
The distant points in the celestial expanse appear
to the eye in so small a degree of elongation from
one another, as bears no proportion to what is real.
--Glanvill.
4. (Astron.) The angular distance of a planet from the sun;
as, the elongation of Venus or Mercury.
Elope \E*lope"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Eloped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Eloping}.] [D. ontloopen to run away; pref. ont- (akin to G.
ent-, AS. and-, cf. E. answer) + loopen to run; akin to E.
leap. See {Leap}, v. t.]
To run away, or escape privately, from the place or station
to which one is bound by duty; -- said especially of a woman
or a man, either married or unmarried, who runs away with a
paramour or a sweetheart.
Great numbers of them [the women] have eloped from
their allegiance. --Addison.
Elopement \E*lope"ment\, n.
The act of eloping; secret departure; -- said of a woman and
a man, one or both, who run away from their homes for
marriage or for cohabitation.
Eloper \E*lop"er\, n.
One who elopes.
Elops \E"lops\, n. [L. elops, helops, a kind of sea fish, Gr.
?.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of fishes. See {Saury}.
2. A mythical serpent. [Obs.] --Milton.
Eloquence \El"o*quence\, n. [F. ['e]loquence, L. eloquentia, fr.
eloquens. See {Eloquent}.]
1. Fluent, forcible, elegant, and persuasive speech in
public; the power of expressing strong emotions in
striking and appropriate language either spoken or
written, thereby producing conviction or persuasion.
Eloquence is speaking out . . . out of the abundance
of the heart. --Hare.
2. Fig.: Whatever produces the effect of moving and
persuasive speech.
Silence that spoke and eloquence of eyes. --Pope.
The hearts of men are their books; events are their
tutors; great actions are their eloquence.
--Macaulay.
3. That which is eloquently uttered or written.
O, let my books be then the eloquence And dumb
presagers of my speaking breast. --Shak.
Syn: Oratory; rhetoric.
Eloquent \El"o*quent\, a. [F. ['e]loquent, L. eloquens, -entis,
p. pr. of eloqui to speak out, declaim; e + loqui to speak.
See {Loquacious}.]
1. Having the power of expressing strong emotions or forcible
arguments in an elevated, impassioned, and effective
manner; as, an eloquent orator or preacher.
O Death, all-eloquent! You only prove What dust we
dote on when 't is man we love. --Pope.
2. Adapted to express strong emotion or to state facts
arguments with fluency and power; as, an eloquent address
or statement; an eloquent appeal to a jury.
Eloquently \El"o*quent*ly\, adv.
In an eloquent manner.
Elrich \El"rich\or Elritch \El"ritch\, a.
Ghastly; preternatural. Same as {Eldritch}. [Scot. & Local,
Eng.]
Else \Else\, a. & pron. [OE. & AS. elles otherwise, gen. sing.
of an adj. signifying other; akin to OHG. elles otherwise,
OSw. ["a]ljes, Sw. eljest, Goth. aljis, adj., other, L.
alius, Gr. ?. Cf. {Alias}, {Alien}.]
Other; one or something beside; as, Who else is coming? What
else shall I give? Do you expect anything else? ``Bastards
and else.'' --Shak.
Note: This word always follows its noun. It is usual to give
the possessive form to else rather than to the
substantive; as, somebody else's; no one else's. ``A
boy who is fond of somebody else's pencil case.'' --G.
Eliot. ``A suit of clothes like everybody else's.''
--Thackeray.
Else \Else\, adv. & conj.
1. Besides; except that mentioned; in addition; as, nowhere
else; no one else.
2. Otherwise; in the other, or the contrary, case; if the
facts were different.
For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give
it. --Ps. li. 16.
Note: After `or', else is sometimes used expletively, as
simply noting an alternative. ``Will you give thanks, .
. . or else shall I?'' --Shak.
Elsewhere \Else"where`\, adv.
1. In any other place; as, these trees are not to be found
elsewhere.
2. In some other place; in other places, indefinitely; as, it
is reported in town and elsewhere.
Elsewhither \Else"whith`er\, adv.
To some, or any, other place; as, you will have to go
elsewhither for it. --R. of Gloucester. ``For elsewhither was
I bound.'' --Carlyle.
Elsewise \Else"wise`\, adv.
Otherwise. [R.]
Elsin \El"sin\, n.
A shoemaker's awl. [Prov. Eng.]
Elucidate \E*lu"ci*date\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elucidated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Elucidating}.] [LL. elucidatus, p. p. of
elucidare; e + lucidus full of light, clear. See {Lucid}.]
To make clear or manifest; to render more intelligible; to
illustrate; as, an example will elucidate the subject.
Elucidation \E*lu`ci*da"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]lucidation.]
A making clear; the act of elucidating or that which
elucidates, as an explanation, an exposition, an
illustration; as, one example may serve for further
elucidation of the subject.
Elucidative \E*lu"ci*da`tive\, a.
Making clear; tending to elucidate; as, an elucidative note.
Elucidator \E*lu"ci*da`tor\, n.
One who explains or elucidates; an expositor.
Elucidatory \E*lu"ci*da*to*ry\, a.
Tending to elucidate; elucidative. [R.]
Eluctate \E*luc"tate\, v. i. [L. eluctatus, p. p. of eluctari to
struggle out; e + luctari to wrestle.]
To struggle out; -- with out. [Obs.] --Bp. Hacket.
Eluctation \E`luc*ta"tion\, n. [L. eluctatio.]
A struggling out of any difficulty. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Elucubrate \E*lu"cu*brate\, v. i. [L. elucubratus, p. p. of
elucubrare to compose by lamplight.]
See {Lucubrate}. [Obs.] --Blount.
Elucubration \E*lu`cu*bra"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]lucubration.]
See {Lucubration}. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
Elude \E*lude"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eluded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Eluding}.] [L. eludere, elusum; e + ludere to play: cf. F.
['e]luder. See {Ludicrous}.]
To avoid slyly, by artifice, stratagem, or dexterity; to
escape from in a covert manner; to mock by an unexpected
escape; to baffle; as, to elude an officer; to elude
detection, inquiry, search, comprehension; to elude the force
of an argument or a blow.
Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, Then, hid in
shades, eludes he eager swain. --Pope.
The transition from fetichism to polytheism seems a
gradual process of which the stages elude close
definition. --Tylor.
Syn: To evade; avoid; escape; shun; eschew; flee; mock;
baffle; frustrate; foil.
Eludible \E*lud"i*ble\, a.
Capable of being eluded; evadible.
Elul \E"lul\, n. [Heb.]
The sixth month of the Jewish year, by the sacred reckoning,
or the twelfth, by the civil reckoning, corresponding nearly
to the month of September.
Elumbated \E*lum"ba*ted\, a. [L. elumbis; e + lumbus loin.]
Weak or lame in the loins. [Obs.]
Elusion \E*lu"sion\, n. [LL. elusio, fr. L. eludere, elusum. See
{Elude}.]
Act of eluding; adroit escape, as by artifice; a mockery; a
cheat; trickery.
Elusive \E*lu"sive\, a.
Tending to elude; using arts or deception to escape; adroitly
escaping or evading; eluding the grasp; fallacious.
Elusive of the bridal day, she gives Fond hopes to all,
and all with hopes deceives. --Pope.
-- {E*lu"sive*ly}, adv. -- {E*lu"sive*ness}, n.
Elusory \E*lu"so*ry\, a. [LL. elusorius.]
Tending to elude or deceive; evasive; fraudulent; fallacious;
deceitful; deceptive. -- {E*lu"so*ri*ness}, n.
Elute \E*lute"\, v. t. [L. elutus, p. p. of eluers to elute; e +
luere to wash.]
To wash out. [R.] --Arbuthnot.
Elutriate \E*lu"tri*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Elutriated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Elutriating}.] [L. elutriatus, p. p. of
elutriare.]
To wash or strain out so as to purify; as, to elutriate the
blood as it passes through the lungs; to strain off or
decant, as a powder which is separated from heavier particles
by being drawn off with water; to cleanse, as by washing.
Elutriation \E*lu`tri*a"tion\, n.
The process of elutriating; a decanting or racking off by
means of water, as finer particles from heavier.
Eluxate \E*lux"ate\, v. t. [Pref. e- + luxate.]
To dislocate; to luxate.
Eluxation \E`lux*a"tion\, n.
Dislocation; luxation.
Elvan \Elv"an\, a.
1. Pertaining to elves; elvish.
2. (Mining) Of or pertaining to certain veins of feldspathic
or porphyritic rock crossing metalliferous veins in the
mining districts of Cornwall; as, an elvan course.
Elvan \Elv"an\, Elvanite \Elv"an*ite\, n.
The rock of an elvan vein, or the elvan vein itself; an elvan
course.
Elve \Elve\, n.
An old form of Elf.
Elver \El"ver\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A young eel; a young conger or sea eel; -- called also
{elvene}.
Elves \Elves\, n.; pl. of {Elf}. Elvish \Elv"ish\, a.
1. Pertaining to elves; implike; mischievous; weird; also,
vacant; absent in demeanor. See {Elfish}.
He seemeth elvish by his countenance. --Chaucer.
2. Mysterious; also, foolish. [Obs.]
Elvishly \Elv"ish*ly\, adv.
In an elvish manner. --Sir W. Scott.
Elwand \El"wand\, n. [Obs.]
See {Ellwand}.
Elysian \E*ly"sian\, a. [L. Elysius, fr. Elysium.]
Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence,
yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful;
beatific. ``Elysian shades.'' --Massinger. ``Elysian age.''
--Beattie.
This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life
elysian. --Longfellow.
Elysium \E*ly"sium\, n.; pl. E. {Elysiums}, L. {Elysia}. [L.,
fr. Gr. ?, ? ?, Elysian field.] (Anc. Myth.)
1. A dwelling place assigned to happy souls after death; the
seat of future happiness; Paradise.
2. Hence, any delightful place.
An Elysian more pure and bright than that pf the
Greeks. --I. Taylor.
Elytriform \E*lyt"ri*form\, a. [Elytrum + -form.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the form, or structure, of an elytron.
Elytrin \El"y*trin\, n. [From {Elytrum}.] (Chem.)
See {Chitin}.
Elytroid \El"y*troid\, a. [Gr. ? sheath, a wing case + -oid.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Resembling a beetle's wing case.
Elytron \El"y*tron\ (?; 277), Elytrum \El"y*trum\ (-tr?m)n.; pl.
{Elytra}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to roll round.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the anterior pair of wings in the Coleoptera and
some other insects, when they are thick and serve only as
a protection for the posterior pair. See {Coleoptera}.
(b) One of the shieldlike dorsal scales of certain annelids.
See {Ch[ae]topoda}.
Elzevir \El"ze*vir\, a. (Bibliog.)
Applied to books or editions (esp. of the Greek New Testament
and the classics) printed and published by the Elzevir family
at Amsterdam, Leyden, etc., from about 1592 to 1680; also,
applied to a round open type introduced by them.
The Elzevir editions are valued for their neatness, and
the elegant small types used. --Brande & C.
'Em \'Em\
An obsolete or colloquial contraction of the old form hem,
them. --Addison.
Em \Em\, n. (Print.)
The portion of a line formerly occupied by the letter m, then
a square type, used as a unit by which to measure the amount
of printed matter on a page; the square of the body of a
type.
Em- \Em-\
A prefix. See {En-}.
Emacerate \E*mac"er*ate\, v. t. & i. [L. emaceratus emaciated; e
+ macerare to make soft.]
To make lean or to become lean; to emaciate. [Obs.]
--Bullokar.
Emaceration \E*mac`er*a"tion\, n.
Emaciation. [Obs.]
Emaciate \E*ma"ci*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Emaciated}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Emaciating}.] [L. emaciatus, p. p. of emaciare to
make lean; e + maciare to make lean or meager, fr. macies
leanness, akin to macer lean. See {Meager}.]
To lose flesh gradually and become very lean; to waste away
in flesh. ``He emaciated and pined away.'' --Sir T. Browne.
Emaciate \E*ma"ci*ate\, v. t.
To cause to waste away in flesh and become very lean; as, his
sickness emaciated him.
Emaciate \E*ma"ci*ate\, a. [L. emaciatus, p. p.]
Emaciated. ``Emaciate steeds.'' --T. Warton.
Emaciation \E*ma`ci*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]maciation.]
1. The act of making very lean.
2. The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive
leanness; an excessively lean condition.
Emaculate \E*mac"u*late\, v. t. [L. emaculatus, p. p. of
emaculare to clear from spots. See {Maculate}.]
To clear from spots or stains, or from any imperfection.
[Obs.] --Hales.
Emaculation \E*mac`u*la"tion\, n.
The act of clearing from spots. [Obs.] --Johnson.
AEmail ombrant \[AE]`mail` om`brant"\ [F., shaded enamel.] (Fine
Arts)
An art or process of flooding transparent colored glaze over
designs stamped or molded on earthenware or porcelain. --Ure.
Emanant \Em"a*nant\, a. [L. emanans, -antis, p. pr. of emanare.
See {Emanate}.]
Issuing or flowing forth; emanating; passing forth into an
act, or making itself apparent by an effect; -- said of
mental acts; as, an emanant volition.
Emanate \Em"a*nate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Emanated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Emanating}.] [L. emanare, emanatum, to emanate; e out
+ manare to flow, prob. for madnare, and akin to madere to be
wet, drip, madidus wet, drenched, drunk, Gr. ?, ?, wet, ? to
be wet, Skr. mad to boil, matta drunk. Cf. {Emane}.]
1. To issue forth from a source; to flow out from more or
less constantly; as, fragrance emanates from flowers.
2. To proceed from, as a source or fountain; to take origin;
to arise, to originate.
That subsisting from of government from which all
special laws emanate. --De Quincey.
Syn: To flow; arise; proceed; issue; originate.
Emanate \Em"a*nate\, a.
Issuing forth; emanant. [R.]
Emanation \Em`a*na"tion\, n. [L. emanatio: cf. F. ['e]manation.]
1. The act of flowing or proceeding from a fountain head or
origin. --South.
Those profitable and excellent emanations from God.
--Jer. Taylor.
2. That which issues, flows, or proceeds from any object as a
source; efflux; an effluence; as, perfume is an emanation
from a flower.
An emanation of the indwelling life. --Bryant.
Emanative \Em"a*na*tive\, a.
Issuing forth; effluent.
Emanatively \Em"a*na*tive*ly\, adv.
By an emanation.
Emanatory \Em"a*na*to*ry\, a.
Emanative; of the nature of an emanation. --Dr. H. More.
Emancipate \E*man"ci*pate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emancipated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Emancipating}.] [L. emancipatus, p. p. of
emancipare to emancipate; e + mancipare to transfer ownership
in, fr. manceps purchaser, as being one who laid his hand on
the thing bought; manus hand + capere to take. See {Manual},
and {Capable}.]
To set free from the power of another; to liberate; as:
(a) To set free, as a minor from a parent; as, a father may
emancipate a child.
(b) To set free from bondage; to give freedom to; to manumit;
as, to emancipate a slave, or a country.
Brasidas . . . declaring that he was sent to
emancipate Hellas. --Jowett
(Thucyd. ).
(c) To free from any controlling influence, especially from
anything which exerts undue or evil influence; as, to
emancipate one from prejudices or error.
From how many troublesome and slavish impertinences
. . . he had emancipated and freed himself.
--Evelyn.
To emancipate the human conscience. --A. W. Ward.
Emancipate \E*man"ci*pate\, a. [L. emancipatus, p. p.]
Set at liberty.
Emancipation \E*man`ci*pa"tion\, n. [L. emancipatio: cf. F.
['e]mancipation.]
The act of setting free from the power of another, from
slavery, subjection, dependence, or controlling influence;
also, the state of being thus set free; liberation; as, the
emancipation of slaves; the emancipation of minors; the
emancipation of a person from prejudices; the emancipation of
the mind from superstition; the emancipation of a nation from
tyranny or subjection.
Syn: Deliverance; liberation; release; freedom; manumission;
enfranchisement.
Emancipationist \E*man`ci*pa"tion*ist\, n.
An advocate of emancipation, esp. the emancipation of slaves.
Emancipator \E*man"ci*pa`tor\, n. [L.]
One who emancipates.
Emancipatory \E*man"ci*pa*to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to emancipation, or tending to effect
emancipation. ``Emancipatory laws.'' --G. Eliot.
Emancipist \E*man"ci*pist\, n.
A freed convict. [Australia]
Emarginate \E*mar"gi*nate\, v. t. [L. emarginare; e out +
marginare to furnish with a margin, fr. margo margin.]
To take away the margin of.
Emarginate \E*mar"gi*nate\, Emarginated \E*mar"gi*na`ted\, a.
1. Having the margin interrupted by a notch or shallow sinus.
2. (Bot.) Notched at the summit.
3. (Cryst.) Having the edges truncated.
Emarginately \E*mar"gi*nate*ly\, adv.
In an emarginate manner.
Emargination \E*mar`gi*na"tion\, n.
The act of notching or indenting the margin, or the state of
being so notched; also, a notch or shallow sinus in a margin.
Emasculate \E*mas"cu*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emasculated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Emasculating}.] [L. emasculare; e + masculus
male, masculine. See {Male} masculine.]
1. To deprive of virile or procreative power; to castrate
power; to castrate; to geld.
2. To deprive of masculine vigor or spirit; to weaken; to
render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness.
Luxury had not emasculated their minds. --V. Knox.
Emasculate \E*mas"cu*late\, a.
Deprived of virility or vigor; unmanned; weak. ``Emasculate
slave.'' --Hammond.
Emasculation \E*mas`cu*la"tion\, n.
1. The act of depriving of virility, or the state of being so
deprived; castration.
2. The act of depriving, or state of being deprived, of vigor
or strength; unmanly weakness.
Emasculator \E*mas"cu*la`tor\, n. [L.]
One who, or that which, emasculates.
Emasculatory \E*mas"cu*la*to*ry\, a.
Serving or tending to emasculate.
Embace \Em*bace"\, v. t.
See {Embase}. [Obs.]
Embale \Em*bale"\, v. t. [F. emballer; pref. em- (L. in) + balle
bale. See 1st {Bale}.] [Obs.]
1. To make up into a bale or pack. --Johnson.
2. To bind up; to inclose.
Legs . . . embaled in golden buskins. --Spenser.
Emball \Em*ball"\, v. t. [See {Embale}.]
To encircle or embrace. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Embalm \Em*balm"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embalmed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Embalming}.] [F. embaumer; pref. em- (L. in) + baume
balm. See {Balm}.]
1. To anoint all over with balm; especially, to preserve from
decay by means of balm or other aromatic oils, or spices;
to fill or impregnate (a dead body), with aromatics and
drugs that it may resist putrefaction.
Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to
embalm ?is father; and the physicians embalmed
Israel. --Gem. l. 2.
2. To fill or imbue with sweet odor; to perfume.
With fresh dews embalmed the earth. --Milton.
3. To preserve from decay or oblivion as if with balm; to
perpetuate in remembrance.
Those tears eternal that embalm the dead. --Pope.
Embalmer \Em*balm"er\, n.
One who embalms.
Embalmment \Em*balm"ment\, n. [Cf. F. embaumement.]
The act of embalming. [R.] --Malone.
Embank \Em*bank"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embanked}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Embanking}.] [Pref. em- + bank. Cf. {Imbank}.]
To throw up a bank so as to confine or to defend; to protect
by a bank of earth or stone.
Embankment \Em*bank"ment\, n.
1. The act of surrounding or defending with a bank.
2. A structure of earth, gravel, etc., raised to prevent
water from overflowing a level tract of country, to retain
water in a reservoir, or to carry a roadway, etc.
Embar \Em*bar"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embarred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Embanking}.] [Pref. em- + bar: cf. F. embarrer. Cf.
{Embargo}.]
1. To bar or shut in; to inclose securely, as with bars.
Where fast embarred in mighty brazen wall.
--Spenser.
2. To stop; to hinder by prohibition; to block up.
He embarred all further trade. --Bacon.
Embarcation \Em`bar*ca"tion\, n.
Same as {Embarkation}.
Embarge \Em*barge"\, v. t.
To put in a barge. [Poetic] --Drayton.
Embargo \Em*bar"go\, n.; pl. {Embargoes}. [Sp., fr. embargar to
arrest, restrain; pref. em- (L. in) + Sp. barra bar, akin to
F. barre bar. See {Bar}.]
An edict or order of the government prohibiting the departure
of ships of commerce from some or all of the ports within its
dominions; a prohibition to sail.
Note: If the embargo is laid on an enemy's ships, it is
called a hostile embargo; if on the ships belonging to
citizens of the embargoing state, it is called a civil
embargo.
Embargo \Em*bar"go\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embargoed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Embargoing}.]
To lay an embargo on and thus detain; to prohibit from
leaving port; -- said of ships, also of commerce and goods.
Embark \Em*bark"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embarked}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Embarking}.] [F. embarquer; pref. em- (L. in) + barque
bark: cf. Sp. embarcar, It. imbarcare. See {Bark}. a vessel.]
1. To cause to go on board a vessel or boat; to put on
shipboard.
2. To engage, enlist, or invest (as persons, money, etc.) in
any affair; as, he embarked his fortune in trade.
It was the reputation of the sect upon which St.
Paul embarked his salvation. --South.
Embark \Em*bark"\, v. i.
1. To go on board a vessel or a boat for a voyage; as, the
troops embarked for Lisbon.
2. To engage in any affair.
Slow to embark in such an undertaking. --Macaulay.
Embarkation \Em`bar*ka"tion\, n.
1. The act of putting or going on board of a vessel; as, the
embarkation of troops.
2. That which is embarked; as, an embarkation of Jesuits.
--Smollett.
Embarkment \Em*bark"ment\, n. [Cf. F. embarquement.]
Embarkation. [R.] --Middleton.
Embarrass \Em*bar"rass\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embarrassed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Embarrassing}.] [F. embarrasser (cf. Sp.
embarazar, Pg. embara?ar, Pr. barras bar); pref. em- (L. in)
+ LL. barra bar. See {Bar}.]
1. To hinder from freedom of thought, speech, or action by
something which impedes or confuses mental action; to
perplex; to discompose; to disconcert; as, laughter may
embarrass an orator.
2. To hinder from liberty of movement; to impede; to
obstruct; as, business is embarrassed; public affairs are
embarrassed.
3. (Com.) To involve in difficulties concerning money
matters; to incumber with debt; to beset with urgent
claims or demands; -- said of a person or his affairs; as,
a man or his business is embarrassed when he can not meet
his pecuniary engagements.
Syn: To hinder; perplex; entangle; confuse; puzzle;
disconcert; abash; distress. -- To {Embarrass},
{Puzzle}, {Perplex}. We are puzzled when our faculties
are confused by something we do not understand. We are
perplexed when our feelings, as well as judgment, are so
affected that we know not how to decide or act. We are
embarrassed when there is some bar or hindrance upon us
which impedes our powers of thought, speech, or motion.
A schoolboy is puzzled by a difficult sum; a reasoner is
perplexed by the subtleties of his opponent; a youth is
sometimes so embarrassed before strangers as to lose his
presence of mind.
Embarrass \Em*bar"rass\, n. [F. embarras. See {Embarrass}, v.
t.]
Embarrassment. [Obs.] --Bp. Warburton.
Embarrassment \Em*bar"rass*ment\, n. [F. embarrassement.]
1. A state of being embarrassed; perplexity; impediment to
freedom of action; entanglement; hindrance; confusion or
discomposure of mind, as from not knowing what to do or to
say; disconcertedness.
The embarrassment which inexperienced minds have
often to express themselves upon paper. --W. Irving.
The embarrassments tom commerce growing out of the
late regulations. --Bancroft.
2. Difficulty or perplexity arising from the want of money to
pay debts.
Embase \Em*base"\, v. t. [Pref. em- + base, a. or v. t.: cf. OF.
embaissier.]
To bring down or lower, as in position, value, etc.; to
debase; to degrade; to deteriorate. [Obs.]
Embased the valleys, and embossed the hills.
--Sylvester.
Alloy in coin of gold . . . may make the metal work the
better, but it embaseth it. --Bacon.
Such pitiful embellishments of speech as serve for
nothing but to embase divinity. --South.
Embasement \Em*base"ment\, n. [From {Embase}, v. t.]
Act of bringing down; depravation; deterioration. --South.
Embassade \Em"bas*sade\, n. [F. ambassade. See {Embassy}.]
An embassy. See {Ambassade}. [Obs.] --Shak.
Embassador \Em*bas"sa*dor\, n. [F. ambassadeur, Sp. embajador,
LL. ambassiator, ambasciator. See {Embassy}, and cf.
{Ambassador}.]
Same as {Ambassador}.
Stilbon, that was a wise embassadour, Was sent to
Corinth. --Chaucer.
Myself my king's embassador will go. --Dryden.
Embassadorial \Em*bas`sa*do"ri*al\, a. [Cf. F. ambassadorial.]
Same as {Ambassadorial}.
Embassadress \Em*bas"sa*dress\, n. [Cf. F. ambassadrice.]
Same as {Ambassadress}.
Embassadry \Em*bas"sa*dry\, n. [Cf. OF. ambassaderie.]
Embassy. [Obs.] --Leland.
Embassage \Em"bas*sage\ (?; 48), n.
1. An embassy. ``He sent a solemn embassage.'' --Bacon.
Except your embassages have better success.
--Motley.
2. Message; errand. --Shak.
Embassy \Em"bas*sy\, n.; pl. {Embassies}. [OF. ambass['e]e,
embasc['e]e, LL. ambasciata, fr. ambasciare for ambactiare to
go on a mission, fr. L. ambactus vassal, dependent, of Celtic
or German origin; cf. W. amaeth husbandman, Goth. andbahts
servant, G. amt office, OHG. ambaht. Cf. {Ambassador}.]
1. The public function of an ambassador; the charge or
business intrusted to an ambassador or to envoys; a public
message to; foreign court concerning state affairs; hence,
any solemn message.
He sends the angels on embassies with his decrees.
--Jer. Taylor.
2. The person or persons sent as ambassadors or envoys; the
ambassador and his suite; envoys.
3. The residence or office of an ambassador.
Note: Sometimes, but rarely, spelled ambassy.
Embastardize \Em*bas"tard*ize\, v. t. [Pref. em- + bastardize.]
To bastardize. [Obs.]
Embathe \Em*bathe"\, v. t. [Pref. em- + bathe. Cf. {Imbathe}.]
To bathe; to imbathe.
Embattail \Em*bat"tail\, v. t. [See {Embattle}.]
To furnish with battlements; to fortify as with battlements.
[Archaic]
To embattail and to wall about thy cause With
iron-worded proof. --Tennyson.
Embattle \Em*bat"tle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embattled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Embattling}.] [OF. embataillier; pref. em- (L. in) +
F. bataille battle. See {Battle}, and cf. {Battlement}.]
To arrange in order of battle; to array for battle; also, to
prepare or arm for battle; to equip as for battle.
One in bright arms embattled full strong. --Spenser.
Here once the embattled farmers stood And fired the
shot heard round the world. --Emerson.
Embattle \Em*bat"tle\, v. i.
To be arrayed for battle. [Obs.]
Embattle \Em*bat"tle\, v. t. [See {Battlement}.]
To furnish with battlements. ``Embattled house.''
--Wordsworth.
Embattled \Em*bat"tled\, a.
1. Having indentations like a battlement. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. (Her.) Having the edge broken like battlements; -- said of
a bearing such as a fess, bend, or the like.
3. Having been the place of battle; as, an embattled plain or
field. --J. Baillie.
Embattlement \Em*bat"tle*ment\, n.
1. An intended parapet; a battlement.
2. The fortifying of a building or a wall by means of
battlements.
Embay \Em*bay"\, v. t. [Pref. em- + bay to bathe.]
To bathe; to soothe or lull as by bathing. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Embay \Em*bay"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embayed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Embaying}.] [Pref. em- + 1st bay.]
To shut in, or shelter, as in a bay.
If that the Turkish fleet Be not ensheltered and
embayed, they are drowned. --Shak.
Embayment \Em*bay"ment\, n.
A bay. [R.]
The embayment which is terminated by the land of North
Berwick. --Sir W.
Scott.
Embeam \Em*beam"\, v. t.
To make brilliant with beams. [R.] --G. Fletcher.
Embed \Em*bed"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embedded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Embedding}.] [Pref. em- + bed. Cf. {Imbed}.]
To lay as in a bed; to lay in surrounding matter; to bed; as,
to embed a thing in clay, mortar, or sand.
Embedment \Em*bed"ment\, n.
The act of embedding, or the state of being embedded.
Embellish \Em*bel"lish\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embellished}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Embellishing}.] [OE. embelisen, embelisshen, F.
embellir; pref. em- (L. in) + bel, beau, beautiful. See
{Beauty}.]
To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; to decorate; to
adorn; as, to embellish a book with pictures, a garden with
shrubs and flowers, a narrative with striking anecdotes, or
style with metaphors.
Syn: To adorn; beautify; deck; bedeck; decorate; garnish;
enrich; ornament; illustrate. See {Adorn}.
Embellisher \Em*bel"lish*er\, n.
One who embellishes.
Embellishment \Em*bel"lish*ment\, n. [Cf. F. embellissement.]
1. The act of adorning, or the state of being adorned;
adornment.
In the selection of their ground, as well as in the
embellishment of it. --Prescott.
2. That which adds beauty or elegance; ornament; decoration;
as, pictorial embellishments.
The graces and embellishments of the exterior man.
--I. Taylor.
Ember \Em"ber\, n. [OE. emmeres, emeres, AS. ?myrie; akin to
Icel. eimyrja, Dan. emmer, MHG. eimere; cf. Icel. eimr vapor,
smoke.]
A lighted coal, smoldering amid ashes; -- used chiefly in the
plural, to signify mingled coals and ashes; the smoldering
remains of a fire. ``He rakes hot embers.'' --Dryden.
He takes a lighted ember out of the covered vessel.
--Colebrooke.
Ember \Em"ber\, a. [OE. ymber, AS. ymbren, ymbryne, prop.,
running around, circuit; ymbe around + ryne a running, fr.
rinnan to run. See {Amb-}, and {Run}.]
Making a circuit of the year of the seasons; recurring in
each quarter of the year; as, ember fasts.
{Ember days} (R. C. & Eng. Ch.), days set apart for fasting
and prayer in each of the four seasons of the year. The
Council of Placentia [A. D. 1095] appointed for ember days
the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday
in Lent, Whitsuntide, the 14th of September, and the 13th
of December. The weeks in which these days fall are called
ember weeks.
Ember-goose \Em"ber-goose`\, n. [Cf. Norw. ember?aas, hav-imber,
hav-immer, Icel. himbrin, himbrimi.] (Zo["o]l.)
The loon or great northern diver. See {Loon}. [Written also
{emmer-goose} and {imber-goose}.]
Emberings \Em"ber*ings\, n. pl.
Ember days. [Obs.]
Embetter \Em*bet"ter\, v. t.
To make better. [Obs.]
Embezzle \Em*bez"zle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embezzled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Embezzling}.] [Norm. F. embeseiller to destroy; cf.
OF. besillier to ill treat, ravage, destroy. Cf. {Bezzle}.]
1. To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use, as property
intrusted to one's care; to apply to one's private uses by
a breach of trust; as, to embezzle money held in trust.
2. To misappropriate; to waste; to dissipate in extravagance.
[Obs.]
To embezzle our money in drinking or gaming.
--Sharp.
Embezzlement \Em*bez"zle*ment\, n.
The fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom
it has been intrusted; as, the embezzlement by a clerk of his
employer's; embezzlement of public funds by the public
officer having them in charge.
Note: Larceny denotes a taking, by fraud or stealth, from
another's possession; embezzlement denotes an
appropriation, by fraud or stealth, of property already
in the wrongdoer's possession. In England and in most
of the United States embezzlement is made indictable by
statute.
Embezzler \Em*bez"zler\, n.
One who embezzles.
Embillow \Em*bil"low\, v. i.
To swell or heave like a ????? of the sea. [R.] --Lisle.
Embiotocoid \Em`bi*ot"o*coid\, a. [NL. Embiotoca, the name of
one genus + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to, or resembling, the {Embiotocid[ae]}. -- n. One
of a family of fishes ({Embiotocid[ae]}) abundant on the
coast of California, remarkable for being viviparous; -- also
called {surf fishes} and {viviparous fishes}. See Illust. in
Append.
Embitter \Em*bit"ter\, v. t.
To make bitter or sad. See {Imbitter}.
Embitterment \Em*bit"ter*ment\, n.
The act of embittering; also, that which embitters.
Emblanch \Em*blanch"\, v. t. [Pref. em- + 1st blanch.]
To whiten. See {Blanch}. [Obs.] --Heylin.
Emblaze \Em*blaze"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emblazed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Emblazing}.] [Pref. em- + 1st blaze.]
1. To adorn with glittering embellishments.
No weeping orphan saw his father's stores Our
shrines irradiate, or emblaze the floors. --Pope.
2. To paint or adorn with armorial figures; to blazon, or
emblazon. [Archaic]
The imperial ensign, . . . streaming to the wind,
With gems and golden luster rich emblazed. --Milton.
Emblazon \Em*bla"zon\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emblazoned}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Emblazoning}.] [Pref. em- + blazon. Cf. {Emblaze}.]
1. To depict or represent; -- said of heraldic bearings. See
{Blazon}.
2. To deck in glaring colors; to set off conspicuously; to
display pompously; to decorate.
The walls were . . . emblazoned with legends in
commemoration of the illustrious pair. --Prescott.
Emblazoner \Em*bla"zon*er\, n.
One who emblazons; also, one who publishes and displays
anything with pomp.
Emblazoning \Em*bla"zon*ing\, n.
The act or art of heraldic decoration; delineation of
armorial bearings.
Emblazonment \Em*bla"zon*ment\, n.
An emblazoning.
Emblazonry \Em*bla"zon*ry\, n.; pl. {Emblazonries}.
The act or art of an emblazoner; heraldic or ornamental
decoration, as pictures or figures on shields, standards,
etc.; emblazonment.
Thine ancient standard's rich emblazonry. --Trench.
Emblem \Em"blem\, n. [F. embl[`e]me, L. emblema, -atis, that
which is put in or on, inlaid work, fr. Gr. ? a thing put in
or on, fr. ? to throw, lay, put in; ? in + ? to throw. See
{In}, and {Parable}.]
1. Inlay; inlaid or mosaic work; something ornamental
inserted in a surface. [Obs.] --Milton.
2. A visible sign of an idea; an object, or the figure of an
object, symbolizing and suggesting another object, or an
idea, by natural aptness or by association; a figurative
representation; a typical designation; a symbol; as, a
balance is an emblem of justice; a scepter, the emblem of
sovereignty or power; a circle, the emblem of eternity.
``His cicatrice, an emblem of war, here on his sinister
cheek.'' --Shak.
3. A picture accompanied with a motto, a set of verse, or the
like, intended as a moral lesson or meditation.
Note: Writers and artists of the 17th century gave much
attention and study to the composition of such emblems,
and many collections of them were published.
Syn: Sign; symbol; type; device; signal; token.
Usage: {Sign}, {Emblem}, {Symbol}, {Type}. Sign is the
generic word comprehending all significant
representations. An emblem is a visible object
representing another by a natural suggestion of
characteristic qualities, or an habitual and
recognized association; as, a circle, having no
apparent beginning or end, is an emblem of eternity; a
particular flag is the emblem of the country or ship
which has adopted it for a sign and with which it is
habitually associated. Between emblem and symbol the
distinction is slight, and often one may be
substituted for the other without impropriety. See
{Symbol}. Thus, a circle is either an emblem or a
symbol of eternity; a scepter, either an emblem or a
symbol of authority; a lamb, either an emblem or a
symbol of meekness. ``An emblem is always of something
simple; a symbol may be of something complex, as of a
transaction . . . In consequence we do not speak of
actions emblematic.'' --C. J. Smith. A type is a
representative example, or model, exhibiting the
qualities common to all individuals of the class to
which it belongs; as, the Monitor is a type of a class
of war vessels.
Emblem \Em"blem\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emblemed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Embleming}.]
To represent by an emblem; to symbolize. [R.]
Emblemed by the cozening fig tree. --Feltham.
Emblematic \Em`blem*at"ic\, Emblematical \Em`blem*at"ic*al\, a.
[Cf. F. embl['e]matique.]
Pertaining to, containing, or consisting in, an emblem;
symbolic; typically representative; representing as an
emblem; as, emblematic language or ornaments; a crown is
emblematic of royalty; white is emblematic of purity. --
{Em`blem*at"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Emblematiccize \Em`blem*at"ic*cize\, v. t.
To render emblematic; as, to emblematicize a picture. [R.]
--Walpole.
Emblematist \Em*blem"a*tist\, n.
A writer or inventor of emblems. --Sir T. Browne.
Emblematize \Em*blem"a*tize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Emblematized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Emblematizing}.]
To represent by, or as by, an emblem; to symbolize.
Anciently the sun was commonly emblematized by a starry
or radiate figure. --Bp. Hurd.
Emblement \Em"ble*ment\, n. [OF. embleer to sow with corn, F.
emblaver, fr. LL. imbladare; pref. in- + LL. bladum grain, F.
bl['e].] (Law)
The growing crop, or profits of a crop which has been sown or
planted; -- used especially in the plural. The produce of
grass, trees, and the like, is not emblement. --Wharton's Law
Dict.
Emblemize \Em"blem*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emblemized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Emblemizing}.]
To represent by an emblem; to emblematize. [R.]
Embloom \Em*bloom"\, v. t.
To emblossom. --Savage.
Emblossom \Em*blos"som\, v. t.
To cover or adorn with blossoms.
On the white emblossomed spray. --J.
Cunningham.
Embodier \Em*bod"i*er\, n.
One who embodies.
Embodiment \Em*bod"i*ment\, n.
1. The act of embodying; the state of being embodied.
2. That which embodies or is embodied; representation in a
physical body; a completely organized system, like the
body; as, the embodiment of courage, or of courtesy; the
embodiment of true piety.
Embody \Em*bod"y\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embodied}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Embodying}.]
To form into a body; to invest with a body; to collect into a
body, a united mass, or a whole; to incorporate; as, to
embody one's ideas in a treatise. [Written also {imbody}.]
Devils embodied and disembodied. --Sir W.
Scott.
The soul, while it is embodied, can no more be divided
from sin. --South.
Embody \Em*bod"y\, v. i.
To unite in a body, a mass, or a collection; to coalesce.
[Written also {imbody}.]
Firmly to embody against this court party. --Burke.
Embogue \Em*bogue"\, v. i. [See {Disembogue}.]
To disembogue; to discharge, as a river, its waters into the
sea or another river. [R.]
Emboguing \Em*bo"guing\, n.
The mouth of a river, or place where its waters are
discharged. [R.]
Emboil \Em*boil"\, v. i.
To boil with anger; to effervesce. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Emboil \Em*boil"\, v. t.
To cause to boil with anger; to irritate; to chafe. [Obs.]
--Spenser.
Emboitement \Em`bo[^i]te"ment`\, n. [F., fr. embo[^i]ter to fit
in, insert; en in + bo[^i]te box.] (Biol.)
The hypothesis that all living things proceed from
pre["e]xisting germs, and that these encase the germs of all
future living things, inclosed one within another. --Buffon.
Embolden \Em*bold"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emboldened}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Emboldening}.]
To give boldness or courage to; to encourage. --Shak.
The self-conceit which emboldened him to undertake this
dangerous office. --Sir W.
Scott.
Emboldener \Em*bold"en*er\, n.
One who emboldens.
Embolic \Em*bol"ic\, a. [Gr. ? to throw in. See {Embolism}.]
1. Embolismic.
2. (Med.) Pertaining to an embolism; produced by an embolism;
as, an embolic abscess.
3. (Biol.) Pushing or growing in; -- said of a kind of
invagination. See under {Invagination}.
Embolism \Em"bo*lism\, n. [L. embolismus, from Gr. ? to throw or
put in, insert; cf. ? intercalated: cf. F. embolisme. See
{Emblem}.]
1. Intercalation; the insertion of days, months, or years, in
an account of time, to produce regularity; as, the
embolism of a lunar month in the Greek year.
2. Intercalated time. --Johnson.
3. (Med.) The occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus.
Embolism in the brain often produces sudden
unconsciousness and paralysis.
Embolismal \Em`bo*lis"mal\, a.
Pertaining to embolism; intercalary; as, embolismal months.
Embolismatic \Em`bo*lis*mat"ic\, Embolismatical
\Em`bo*lis*mat"ic*al\, a.
Embolismic.
Embolismic \Em`bo*lis"mic\, Embolismical \Em`bo*lis"mic*al\, a.
[Cf. F. embolismique.]
Pertaining to embolism or intercalation; intercalated; as, an
embolismic year, i. e., the year in which there is
intercalation.
Embolite \Em"bo*lite\, n. [From Gr. ? something thrown in
between.] (Min.)
A mineral consisting of both the chloride and the bromide of
silver.
Embolus \Em"bo*lus\, n.; pl. {Emboli}. [L., fr. Gr. ? pointed so
as to be put or thrust in, fr. ? to throw, thrust, or put in.
See {Emblem}.]
1. Something inserted, as a wedge; the piston or sucker of a
pump or syringe.
2. (Med.) A plug of some substance lodged in a blood vessel,
being brought thither by the blood current. It consists
most frequently of a clot of fibrin, a detached shred of a
morbid growth, a globule of fat, or a microscopic
organism.
Emboly \Em"bo*ly\, n. [Gr. ? a putting into.] (Biol.)
Embolic invagination. See under {Invagination}.
Embonpoint \Em`bon`point"\, n. [F., fr. en bon point in good
condition. See {Bon}, and {Point}.]
Plumpness of person; -- said especially of persons somewhat
corpulent.
Emborder \Em*bor"der\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + border: cf.
OF. emborder.]
To furnish or adorn with a border; to imborder.
Embosom \Em*bos"om\, v. t. [Written also imbosom.]
1. To take into, or place in, the bosom; to cherish; to
foster.
Glad to embosom his affection. --Spenser.
2. To inclose or surround; to shelter closely; to place in
the midst of something.
His house embosomed in the grove. --Pope.
Some tender flower . . . . Embosomed in the greenest
glade. --Keble.
Emboss \Em*boss"\ (?; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embossed} (?;
115); p. pr. & vb. n. {Embossing}.] [Pref. em- (L. in) +
boss: cf. OF. embosser to swell in bunches.]
1. To arise the surface of into bosses or protuberances;
particularly, to ornament with raised work.
Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss.
--Milton.
2. To raise in relief from a surface, as an ornament, a head
on a coin, or the like.
Then o'er the lofty gate his art embossed Androgeo's
death. --Dryden.
Exhibiting flowers in their natural color embossed
upon a purple ground. --Sir W.
Scott.
Emboss \Em*boss"\, v. t. [Etymology uncertain.]
To make to foam at the mouth, like a hunted animal. [Obs.]
Emboss \Em*boss"\, v. t. [Cf. Pr. & Sp. emboscar, It. imboscare,
F. embusquer, and E. imbosk.]
1. To hide or conceal in a thicket; to imbosk; to inclose,
shelter, or shroud in a wood. [Obs.]
In the Arabian woods embossed. --Milton.
2. To surround; to ensheath; to immerse; to beset.
A knight her met in mighty arms embossed. --Spenser.
Emboss \Em*boss"\, v. i.
To seek the bushy forest; to hide in the woods. [Obs.] --S.
Butler.
Embossed \Em*bossed"\ (?; 115), a.
1. Formed or covered with bosses or raised figures.
2. Having a part projecting like the boss of a shield.
3. Swollen; protuberant. [Obs.] ``An embossed carbuncle.''
--Shak.
Embosser \Em*boss"er\ (?; 115), n.
One who embosses.
Embossment \Em*boss"ment\, n.
1. The act of forming bosses or raised figures, or the state
of being so formed.
2. A bosslike prominence; figure in relief; raised work; jut;
protuberance; esp., a combination of raised surfaces
having a decorative effect. ``The embossment of the
figure.'' --Addison.
Embottle \Em*bot"tle\, v. t.
To bottle. [R.] --Phillips.
Embouchure \Em`bou`chure"\, n. [F., fr. emboucher to put to the
mouth; pref. em- (L. in) + bouche the mouth. Cf. {Embouge},
{Debouch}.]
1. The mouth of a river; also, the mouth of a cannon.
2. (Mus.)
(a) The mouthpiece of a wind instrument.
(b) The shaping of the lips to the mouthpiece; as, a flute
player has a good embouchure.
Embow \Em*bow"\, v. t.
To bend like a bow; to curve. ``Embowed arches.'' [Obs. or
R.] --Sir W. Scott.
With gilded horns embowed like the moon. --Spenser.
Embowel \Em*bow"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emboweled}or
{Embowelled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Emboweling} or {Embowelling}.]
1. To disembowel.
The barbarous practice of emboweling. --Hallam.
The boar . . . makes his trough In your emboweled
bosoms. --Shak.
Note: Disembowel is the preferable word in this sense.
2. To imbed; to hide in the inward parts; to bury.
Or deep emboweled in the earth entire. --Spenser.
Emboweler \Em*bow"el*er\, n.
One who takes out the bowels. [Written also {emboweller}.]
Embowelment \Em*bow"el*ment\, n.
Disembowelment.
Embower \Em*bow"er\, v. t.
To cover with a bower; to shelter with trees. [Written also
{imbower}.] [Poetic] --Milton. -- v. i. To lodge or rest in a
bower. [Poetic] ``In their wide boughs embow'ring. ''
--Spenser.
Embowl \Em*bowl"\, v. t.
To form like a bowl; to give a globular shape to. [Obs.]
--Sir P. Sidney.
Embox \Em*box"\, v. t.
To inclose, as in a box; to imbox.
Emboyssement \Em*boysse"ment\, n. [See {Embushment}.]
An ambush. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Embrace \Em*brace"\, v. t. [Pref. em- (intens.) + brace, v. t.]
To fasten on, as armor. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Embrace \Em*brace"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embraced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Embracing}.] [OE. embracier, F. embrasser; pref. em-
(L. in) + F. bras arm. See {Brace}, n.]
1. To clasp in the arms with affection; to take in the arms;
to hug.
I will embrace him with a soldier's arm, That he
shall shrink under my courtesy. --Shak.
Paul called unto him the disciples, and embraced
them. --Acts xx. 1.
2. To cling to; to cherish; to love. --Shak.
3. To seize eagerly, or with alacrity; to accept with
cordiality; to welcome. ``I embrace these conditions.''
``You embrace the occasion.'' --Shak.
What is there that he may not embrace for truth?
--Locke.
4. To encircle; to encompass; to inclose.
Low at his feet a spacious plain is placed, Between
the mountain and the stream embraced. --Denham.
5. To include as parts of a whole; to comprehend; to take in;
as, natural philosophy embraces many sciences.
Not that my song, in such a scanty space, So large a
subject fully can embrace. --Dryden.
6. To accept; to undergo; to submit to. ``I embrace this
fortune patiently.'' --Shak.
7. (Law) To attempt to influence corruptly, as a jury or
court. --Blackstone.
Syn: To clasp; hug; inclose; encompass; include; ??omprise;
comprehend; contain; involve; impl???
Embrace \Em*brace"\, v. i.
To join in an embrace.
Embrace \Em*brace"\, n.
Intimate or close encircling with the arms; pressure to the
bosom; clasp; hug.
We stood tranced in long embraces, Mixed with kisses.
--Tennyson.
Embracement \Em*brace"ment\, n. [Cf. F. embrassement.]
1. A clasp in the arms; embrace.
Dear though chaste embracements. --Sir P.
Sidney.
2. State of being contained; inclosure. [Obs.]
In the embracement of the parts hardly reparable, as
bones. --Bacon.
3. Willing acceptance. [Obs.]
A ready embracement of . . . his kindness. --Barrow.
Embraceor \Em*brace"or\, n. (Law)
One guilty of embracery.
Embracer \Em*bra"cer\, n.
One who embraces.
Embracery \Em*bra"cer*y\, n. (Law)
An attempt to influence a court, jury, etc., corruptly, by
promises, entreaties, money, entertainments, threats, or
other improper inducements.
Embracive \Em*bra"cive\, a.
Disposed to embrace; fond of caressing. [R.] --Thackeray.
Embraid \Em*braid"\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + 1st braid.]
1. To braid up, as hair. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. To upbraid. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot.
Embranchment \Em*branch"ment\, n. [Cf. F. embranchement.]
The branching forth, as of trees.
Embrangle \Em*bran"gle\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brangle.]
To confuse; to entangle.
I am lost and embrangled in inextricable difficulties.
--Berkeley.
Embrasure \Em*bra"sure\ (?; 135), n. [See {Embrace}.]
An embrace. [Obs.] ``Our locked embrasures.'' --Shak.
Embrasure \Em*bra"sure\ (277), n. [F., fr. embraser, perh.
equiv. to ['e]braser to widen an opening; of unknown origin.]
1. (Arch.) A splay of a door or window.
Apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's
embrasure, Sat the lovers. --Longfellow.
2. (Fort.) An aperture with slant sides in a wall or parapet,
through which cannon are pointed and discharged; a
crenelle. See Illust. of {Casemate}.
Embrave \Em*brave"\, v. t.
1. To inspire with bravery. [Obs.] --Beaumont.
2. To decorate; to make showy and fine. [Obs.]
And with sad cypress seemly it embraves. --Spenser.
Embrawn \Em*brawn"\, v. t.
To harden. [Obs.]
It will embrawn and iron-crust his flesh. --Nash.
Embread \Em*bread"\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + bread = 1st
braid.]
To braid. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Embreathement \Em*breathe"ment\, n.
The act of breathing in; inspiration. [R.]
The special and immediate suggestion, embreathement,
and dictation of the Holy Ghost. --W. Lee.
Embrew \Em*brew"\, v. t.
To imbrue; to stain with blood. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Embright \Em*bright"\, v. t.
To brighten. [Obs.]
Embrocate \Em"bro*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embrocated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Embrocating}.] [NL. embrocatus, p. p. of
embrocare; cf. Gr. ? lotion, fomentation, fr. ? to foment; ?
in + ? to wet.] (Med.)
To moisten and rub (a diseased part) with a liquid substance,
as with spirit, oil, etc., by means of a cloth or sponge.
Embrocation \Em`bro*ca"tion\, n. [NL. embrocatio: cf. F.
embrocation.] (Med.)
(a) The act of moistening and rubbing a diseased part with
spirit, oil, etc.
(b) The liquid or lotion with which an affected part is
rubbed.
Embroglio \Em*brogl"io\, n.
See {Imbroglio}.
Embroider \Em*broid"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embroidered}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Embroidering}.] [OE. embrouden. See {Broider}.]
To ornament with needlework; as, to embroider a scarf.
Thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen. --Ex.
xxviii. 39.
Embroiderer \Em*broid"er*er\, n.
One who embroiders.
Embroidery \Em*broid"er*y\, n.; pl. {Embroideries}.
1. Needlework used to enrich textile fabrics, leather, etc.;
also, the art of embroidering.
2. Diversified ornaments, especially by contrasted figures
and colors; variegated decoration.
Fields in spring's embroidery are dressed.
--Addison.
A mere rhetorical embroidery of phrases. --J. A.
Symonds.
Embroil \Em*broil"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Embroiled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Embroiling}.] [F. embrouiller; pref. em- (L. in) +
brouiller. See 1st {Broil}, and cf. {Imbroglio}.]
1. To throw into confusion or commotion by contention or
discord; to entangle in a broil or quarrel; to make
confused; to distract; to involve in difficulties by
dissension or strife.
The royal house embroiled in civil war. --Dryden.
2. To implicate in confusion; to complicate; to jumble.
The Christian antiquities at Rome . . . are so
embroiled with ?able and legend. --Addison.
Syn: To perplex; entangle; distract; disturb; disorder;
trouble; implicate; commingle.
Embroil \Em*broil"\, n.
See {Embroilment}.
Embroiler \Em*broil"er\, n.
One who embroils.
Embroilment \Em*broil"ment\, n. [Cf. F. embrouillement.]
The act of embroiling, or the condition of being embroiled;
entanglement in a broil. --Bp. Burnet.
Embronze \Em*bronze"\, v. t.
1. To embody in bronze; to set up a bronze representation of,
as of a person. [Poetic]
2. To color in imitation of bronze. See {Bronze}, v. t.
Embrothel \Em*broth"el\, v. t.
To inclose in a brothel. [Obs.] --Donne.
Embroude \Em*broud"e\, Embrowde \Em*browd"e\, Embroyde
\Em*broyd"e\, v. t.
To embroider; to adorn. [Obs.]
Embrowded was he, as it were a mead All full of fresshe
flowers, white and red. --Chaucer.
Embrown \Em*brown"\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brown.]
To give a brown color to; to imbrown.
Summer suns embrown the laboring swain. --Fenton.
Embrue \Em*brue"\, v. t.
See {Imbrue}, {Embrew}. [Obs.]
Embrute \Em*brute"\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brute. Cf.
{Imbrute}.]
To brutify; to imbrute.
All the man embruted in the swine. --Cawthorn.
Embryo \Em"bry*o\, n.; pl. {Embryos}. [F. embryon, Gr.
'e`mbryon, perh. fr. ? in (akin to L. ? E. in) + ? to be full
of, swell with; perh. akin to E. brew.] (Biol.)
The first rudiments of an organism, whether animal or plant;
as:
(a) The young of an animal in the womb, or more specifically,
before its parts are developed and it becomes a fetus
(see {Fetus}).
(b) The germ of the plant, which is inclosed in the seed and
which is developed by germination.
{In embryo}, in an incipient or undeveloped state; in
conception, but not yet executed. ``The company little
suspected what a noble work I had then in embryo.''
--Swift.
Embryo \Em"bry*o\, a.
Pertaining to an embryo; rudimentary; undeveloped; as, an
embryo bud.
Embryogenic \Em`bry*o*gen"ic\, a. (Biol.)
Pertaining to the development of an embryo.
Embryogeny \Em`bry*og"e*ny\, n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo + root
of ? to produce: cf. F. embryog['e]nie.] (Biol.)
The production and development of an embryo.
Embryogony \Em`bry*og"o*ny\, n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo + gonh`
generation.] (Biol.)
The formation of an embryo.
Embryography \Em`bry*og"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo +
-graphy.] (Biol.)
The general description of embryos.
Embryologic \Em`bry*o*log"ic\, Embryological
\Em`bry*o*log"ic*al\, a. (Biol.)
Of or pertaining to embryology.
Embryologist \Em`bry*ol"o*gist\, n.
One skilled in embryology.
Embryology \Em`bry*ol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo +
-logy: cf. F. embryologie.] (Biol.)
The science which relates to the formation and development of
the embryo in animals and plants; a study of the gradual
development of the ovum until it reaches the adult stage.
Embryon \Em"bry*on\, n. & a. [NL.]
See {Embryo}.
Embryonal \Em"bry*o*nal\, a. (Biol.)
Pertaining to an embryo, or the initial state of any organ;
embryonic.
Embryonary \Em"bry*o*na*ry\, a. (Biol.)
Embryonic.
Embryonate \Em"bry*o*nate\, Embryonated \Em"bry*o*na`ted\, a.
(Biol.)
In the state of, or having, an embryonal.
Embryonic \Em`bry*on"ic\, a. (Biol.)
Of or pertaining to an embryo; embryonal; rudimentary.
{Embryonic} {sac or vesicle} (Bot.), the vesicle within which
the embryo is developed in the ovule; -- sometimes called
also {amnios sac}, and {embryonal sac}.
Embryoniferous \Em`bry*o*nif"er*ous\, a. [Embryo + -ferous.]
(Biol.)
Having an embryo.
Embryoniform \Em`bry*on"i*form\, a. [Embryo + -form.] (Biol.)
Like an embryo in form.
Embryoplastic \Em`bry*o*plas"tic\, n. [Embryo + plastic.]
(Biol.)
Relating to, or aiding in, the formation of an embryo; as,
embryoplastic cells.
Embryo sac \Em"bry*o sac`\ (Bot.)
See under {Embryonic}.
Embryotic \Em`bry*ot"ic\, a. (Biol.)
Embryonic.
Embryotomy \Em`bry*ot"o*my\, n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo +
te`mnein to cut: cf. F. embryotomie.] (Med.)
The cutting a fetus into pieces within the womb, so as to
effect its removal.
Embryotroph \Em"bry*o*troph`\, n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo +
trofh` nourishment.] (Biol.)
The material from which an embryo is formed and nourished.
Embryous \Em"bry*ous\, a.
Embryonic; undeveloped. [R.]
Embulk \Em*bulk"\, v. t.
To enlarge in the way of bulk. [R.] --Latham.
Emburse \Em*burse"\, v. t. [See {Imburse}.]
To furnish with money; to imburse. [Obs.]
Embush \Em*bush"\, v. t. [Cf. {Ambush}, {Imbosk}.]
To place or hide in a thicket; to ambush. [Obs.] --Shelton.
Embushment \Em*bush"ment\, n. [OE. embusshement, OF.
embuschement, F. emb[^u]chement.]
An ambush. [Obs.]
Embusy \Em*bus"y\, v. t.
To employ. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Eme \Eme\, n. [See {Eame}.]
An uncle. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Emeer \E*meer"\, n.
Same as {Emir}.
Emenagogue \E*men"a*gogue\, n.
See {Emmenagogue}.
Emend \E*mend"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emended}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Emending}.] [L. emendare; e out + menda, mendum, fault,
blemish: cf. F. ['e]mender. Cf. {Amend}, {Mend}.]
To purge of faults; to make better; to correct; esp., to make
corrections in (a literary work); to alter for the better by
textual criticism, generally verbal.
Syn: To amend; correct; improve; better; reform; rectify. See
{Amend}.
Emendable \E*mend"a*ble\, a. [L. emendabilis. Cf. {Amendable}.]
Corrigible; amendable. [R.] --Bailey.
Emendately \Em"en*date*ly\, adv.
Without fault; correctly. [Obs.]
Emendation \Em`en*da"tion\, n. [L. emendatio: cf. F.
['e]mendation.]
1. The act of altering for the better, or correcting what is
erroneous or faulty; correction; improvement. ``He lies in
his sin without repentance or emendation.'' --Jer. Taylor.
2. Alteration by editorial criticism, as of a text so as to
give a better reading; removal of errors or corruptions
from a document; as, the book might be improved by
judicious emendations.
Emendator \Em"en*da`tor\, n. [L.]
One who emends or critically edits.
Emendatory \E*mend"a*to*ry\, a. [L. emendatorius.]
Pertaining to emendation; corrective. ``Emendatory
criticism.'' --Johnson.
Emender \E*mend"er\, n.
One who emends.
Emendicate \E*men"di*cate\, v. t. [L. emendicatus, p. p. of
emendicare to obtain by begging. See {Mendicate}.]
To beg. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Emerald \Em"er*ald\, n. [OE. emeraude, OF. esmeraude, esmeralde,
F. ['e]meraude, L. smaragdus, fr. Gr. ?; cf. ?kr. marakata.]
1. (Min.) A precious stone of a rich green color, a variety
of beryl. See {Beryl}.
2. (Print.) A kind of type, in size between minion and
nonpare?l. It is used by English printers.
Note: [hand] This line is printed in the type called emerald.
Emerald \Em"er*ald\, a.
Of a rich green color, like that of the emerald. ``Emerald
meadows.'' --Byron.
{Emerald fish} (Zo["o]l.), a fish of the Gulf of Mexico
({Gobionellus oceanicus}), remarkable for the brilliant
green and blue color of the base of the tongue; -- whence
the name; -- called also {esmeralda}.
{Emerald green}, a very durable pigment, of a vivid light
green color, made from the arseniate of copper; green
bice; Scheele's green; -- also used adjectively; as,
emerald green crystals.
{Emerald Isle}, a name given to Ireland on account of the
brightness of its verdure.
{Emerald spodumene}, or {Lithia emerald}. (Min.) See
{Hiddenite}.
{Emerald nickel}. (Min.) See {Zaratite}.
Emeraldine \Em"er*ald*ine\ (?; 104), n.
A green compound used as a dyestuff, produced from aniline
blue when acted upon by acid.
Emeraud \Em"er*aud\, n. [See {Emerald}, n.]
An emerald. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Emerge \E*merge"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Emerged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Emerging}.] [L. emergere, emersum; e out + mergere to
dip, plunge. See {Merge}.]
To rise out of a fluid; to come forth from that in which
anything has been plunged, enveloped, or concealed; to issue
and appear; as, to emerge from the water or the ocean; the
sun emerges from behind the moon in an eclipse; to emerge
from poverty or obscurity. ``Thetis . . . emerging from the
deep.'' --Dryden.
Those who have emerged from very low, some from the
lowest, classes of society. --Burke.
Emergence \E*mer"gence\, n.; pl. {Emergences}.
The act of rising out of a fluid, or coming forth from
envelopment or concealment, or of rising into view; sudden
uprisal or appearance.
The white color of all refracted light, at its very
first emergence . . . is compounded of various colors.
--Sir I.
Newton.
When from the deep thy bright emergence sprung. --H.
Brooke.
Emergency \E*mer"gen*cy\, n.; pl. {Emergencies}. [See
{Emergence}.]
1. Sudden or unexpected appearance; an unforeseen occurrence;
a sudden occasion.
Most our rarities have been found out by casual
emergency. --Glanvill.
2. An unforeseen occurrence or combination of circumstances
which calls for immediate action or remedy; pressing
necessity; exigency.
To whom she might her doubts propose, On all
emergencies that rose. --Swift.
A safe counselor in most difficult emergencies.
--Brougham.
Syn: Crisis; conjuncture; exigency; pinch; strait; necessity.
Emergent \E*mer"gent\, a. [L. emergens, p. pr. of emergere.]
1. Rising or emerging out of a fluid or anything that covers
or conceals; issuing; coming to light.
The mountains huge appear emergent. --Milton.
2. Suddenly appearing; arising unexpectedly; calling for
prompt action; urgent.
Protection granted in emergent danger. --Burke.
{Emergent year} (Chron.), the epoch or date from which any
people begin to compute their time or dates; as, the
emergent year of Christendom is that of the birth of
Christ; the emergent year of the United States is that of
the declaration of their independence. -- {E*mer"gent*ly},
adv. -- {E*mer"gent*ness}, n. [R.]
Emeril \Em"er*il\, n.
1. Emery. [Obs.] --Drayton.
2. A glazier's diamond. --Crabb.
Emerited \Em"er*it*ed\, a. [See {Emeritus}.]
Considered as having done sufficient public service, and
therefore honorably discharged. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
Emeritus \E*mer"i*tus\, a. [L., having served out his time, p.
p. of emerere, emereri, to obtain by service, serve out one's
term; e out + merere, mereri, to merit, earn, serve.]
Honorably discharged from the performance of public duty on
account of age, infirmity, or long and faithful services; --
said of an officer of a college or pastor of a church.
Emeritus \E*mer"i*tus\, n.; pl. {Emeriti}. [L.]
A veteran who has honorably completed his service.
Emerods \Em"er*ods\, Emeroids \Em"er*oids\, n. pl. [OF.
emmeroides. See {Hemorrhoids}.]
Hemorrhoids; piles; tumors; boils. [R.] --Deut. xxviii. 27.
Emersed \E*mersed"\, a. [L. emersus, p. p. See {Emerge}.] (Bot.)
Standing out of, or rising above, water. --Gray.
Emersion \E*mer"sion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]mersion. See {Emerge}.]
1. The act of emerging, or of rising out of anything; as,
emersion from the sea; emersion from obscurity or
difficulties.
Their immersion into water and their emersion out of
the same. --Knatchbull.
2. (Astron.) The reappearance of a heavenly body after an
eclipse or occultation; as, the emersion of the moon from
the shadow of the earth; the emersion of a star from
behind the moon.
Emery \Em"er*y\, n. [F. ['e]meri, earlier ['e]meril, It.
smeriglio, fr. Gr. ?, ?, ?, cf. ? to wipe; perh. akin to E.
smear. Cf. {Emeril}.] (Min.)
Corundum in the form of grains or powder, used in the arts
for grinding and polishing hard substances. Native emery is
mixed with more or less magnetic iron. See the Note under
{Corundum}.
{Emery board}, cardboard pulp mixed with emery and molded
into convenient.
{Emery cloth} or {paper}, cloth or paper on which the powder
of emery is spread and glued for scouring and polishing.
{Emery wheel}, a wheel containing emery, or having a surface
of emery. In machine shops, it is sometimes called a {buff
wheel}, and by the manufacturers of cutlery, a {glazer}.
Emesis \Em"e*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See {Emetic}.] (Med.)
A vomiting.
Emetic \E*met"ic\, a. [L. emeticus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to vomit, akin
to L. vomere: cf. F. ['e]m['e]tique. See {Vomit}.] (Med.)
Inducing to vomit; exciting the stomach to discharge its
contents by the mouth. -- n. A medicine which causes
vomiting.
Emetical \E*met"ic*al\, a.
Inducing to vomit; producing vomiting; emetic. --
{E*met"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Emetine \Em"e*tine\ (?; 104), n. [See {Emetic}.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline bitter alkaloid extracted from
ipecacuanha root, and regarded as its peculiar emetic
principle.
Emeto-cathartic \Em`e*to-ca*thar"tic\, a. [Gr. ? vomiting + E.
cathartic.] (Med.)
Producing vomiting and purging at the same time.
Emeu \E"meu\, or Emew \E"mew\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Emu}.
'Emeute \['E]`meute"\, n. [F.]
A seditious tumult; an outbreak.
Emforth \Em*forth"\, prep. [AS. em-, emn-, in comp. equiv. to
efen equal + for[eth] forth.]
According to; conformably to. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{Emforth my might}, so far as lies in my power. [Obs.]
Emgalla \Em*gal"la\, n. (Zo["o]l.) [Native name.]
The South African wart hog. See {Wart hog}.
Emicant \Em"i*cant\, a. [L. emicans, p. pr. of emicare. See
{Emication}.]
Beaming forth; flashing. [R.]
Which emicant did this and that way dart. --Blackmore.
Emication \Em`i*ca"tion\, n. [L. emicatio, fr. emicare to spring
out or forth; e out + micare to move quickly to and fro, to
sparkle.]
A flying off in small particles, as heated iron or fermenting
liquors; a sparkling; scintillation. --Sir T. Browne.
Emiction \E*mic"tion\, n. [L. e out + mingere, mictum, to make
water.]
1. The voiding of urine.
2. What is voided by the urinary passages; urine.
Emictory \E*mic"to*ry\, a. & n. (Med.)
Diuretic.
Emigrant \Em"i*grant\, a. [L. emigrans, -antis, p. pr. of
emigrare to emigrate: cf. F. ['e]migrant. See {Emigrate}, v.
i.]
1. Removing from one country to another; emigrating; as, an
emigrant company or nation.
2. Pertaining to an emigrant; used for emigrants; as, an
emigrant ship or hospital.
Emigrant \Em"i*grant\, n.
One who emigrates, or quits one country or region to settle
in another.
Syn: {Emigrant}, {Immigrant}. Emigrant and emigration have
reference to the country from which the migration is
made; the correlative words immigrant and immigration
have reference to the country into which the migration
is made, the former marking the going out from a
country, the latter the coming into it.
Emigrate \Em"i*grate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Emigrated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Emigrating}.] [L. emigratus, p. p. of emigrare to
remove, emigrate; e out + migrare to migrate. See {Migrate}.]
To remove from one country or State to another, for the
purpose of residence; to migrate from home.
Forced to emigrate in a body to America. --Macaulay.
They [the Huns] were emigrating from Tartary into
Europe in the time of the Goths. --J. H.
Newman.
Emigrate \Em"i*grate\, a.
Migratory; roving. [Obs.]
Emigration \Em`i*gra"tion\, n. [L. emigratio: cf. F.
['e]migration.]
1. The act of emigrating; removal from one country or state
to another, for the purpose of residence, as from Europe
to America, or, in America, from the Atlantic States to
the Western.
2. A body emigrants; emigrants collectively; as, the German
emigration.
Emigrational \Em`i*gra"tion*al\, a.
Relating to emigration.
Emigrationist \Em`i*gra"tion*ist\, n.
An advocate or promoter of emigration.
Emigrator \Em"i*gra`tor\, n.
One who emigrates; am emigrant. [R.]
'Emigr'e \['E]`mi`gr['e]"\, n. [F., emigrant.]
One of the natives of France who were opposed to the first
Revolution, and who left their country in consequence.
Eminence \Em"i*nence\, n. [L. eminentia, fr. eminens eminent:
cf. F. ['e]minence.]
1. That which is eminent or lofty; a high ground or place; a
height.
Without either eminences or cavities. --Dryden.
The temple of honor ought to be seated on an
eminence. --Burke.
2. An elevated condition among men; a place or station above
men in general, either in rank, office, or celebrity;
social or moral loftiness; high rank; distinction;
preferment. --Milton.
You 've too a woman's heart, which ever yet Affected
eminence, wealth, sovereignty. --Shak.
3. A title of honor, especially applied to a cardinal in the
Roman Catholic Church.
Eminency \Em"i*nen*cy\, n.; pl. {Eminences}.
State of being eminent; eminence. ``Eminency of estate.''
--Tillotson.
Eminent \Em"i*nent\, a. [L. eminens, -entis, p. pr. of eminere
to stand out, be prominent; e out + minere (in comp.) to
project; of uncertain origin: cf. F. ['e]minent. Cf.
{Menace}.]
1. High; lofty; towering; prominent. ``A very eminent
promontory.'' --Evelyn
2. Being, metaphorically, above others, whether by birth,
high station, merit, or virtue; high in public estimation;
distinguished; conspicuous; as, an eminent station; an
eminent historian, statements, statesman, or saint.
{Right of eminent domain}. (Law) See under {Domain}.
Syn: Lofty; elevated; exalted; conspicuous; prominent;
remarkable; distinguished; illustrious; famous;
celebrated; renowned; well-known. See {Distinguished}.
Eminently \Em"i*nent*ly\, adv.
In an eminent manner; in a high degree; conspicuously; as, to
be eminently learned.
Emir \E"mir\, Emeer \E*meer"\, n. [Ar. em[=i]r, am[=i]r,
commander: cf. F. ['e]mir. Cf. {Admiral}, {Ameer}.]
An Arabian military commander, independent chieftain, or
ruler of a province; also, an honorary title given to the
descendants of Mohammed, in the line of his daughter Fatima;
among the Turks, likewise, a title of dignity, given to
certain high officials.
Emirship \E`mir*ship\, Emeership \E*meer"ship\, n.
The rank or office of an Emir.
Emissary \Em"is*sa*ry\, n.; pl. {Emissaries}. [L. emissarius,
fr. emittere, emissum, to send out: cf. F. ['e]missaire. See
{Emit}.]
An agent employed to advance, in a covert manner, the
interests of his employers; one sent out by any power that is
at war with another, to create dissatisfaction among the
people of the latter.
Buzzing emissaries fill the ears Of listening crowds
with jealousies and fears. --Dryden.
Syn: {Emissary}, {Spy}.
Usage: A spy is one who enters an enemy's camp or territories
to learn the condition of the enemy; an emissary may
be a secret agent appointed not only to detect the
schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their
councils. A spy must be concealed, or he suffers
death; an emissary may in some cases be known as the
agent of an adversary without incurring similar
hazard.
Emissary \Em"is*sa*ry\, a.
1. Exploring; spying. --B. Jonson.
2. (Anat.) Applied to the veins which pass out of the cranium
through apertures in its walls.
Emissaryship \Em"is*sa*ry*ship`\, n.
The office of an emissary.
Emission \E*mis"sion\, n. [L. emissio: cf. F. ['e]mission. See
{Emit}.]
1. The act of sending or throwing out; the act of sending
forth or putting into circulation; issue; as, the emission
of light from the sun; the emission of heat from a fire;
the emission of bank notes.
2. That which is sent out, issued, or put in circulation at
one time; issue; as, the emission was mostly blood.
{Emission theory} (Physics), the theory of Newton, regarding
light as consisting of emitted particles or corpuscles.
See {Corpuscular theory}, under {Corpuscular}.
Emissitious \Em`is*si"tious\, a. [L. emissitius, fr. emittere.]
Looking, or narrowly examining; prying. [Obs.] ``Those
emissitious eyes.'' --Bp. Hall.
Emissive \E*mis"sive\, a.
Sending out; emitting; as, emissive powers.
Emissivity \Em`is*siv"i*ty\, n.
Tendency to emission; comparative facility of emission, or
rate at which emission takes place, as of heat from the
surface of a heated body.
Emissory \E*mis"so*ry\, a. (Anat.)
Same as {Emissary}, a., 2.
Emit \E*mit"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emitted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Emitting}.] [L. emittere to send out; e out + mittere to
send. See {Mission}.]
1. To send forth; to throw or give out; to cause to issue; to
give vent to; to eject; to discharge; as, fire emits heat
and smoke; boiling water emits steam; the sun emits light.
Lest, wrathful, the far-shooting god emit His fatal
arrows. --Prior.
2. To issue forth, as an order or decree; to print and send
into circulation, as notes or bills of credit.
No State shall . . . emit bills of credit. --Const.
of the U. S.
Emittent \E*mit"tent\, a. [L. emittens, p. pr. emittere.]
Sending forth; emissive. --Boyle.
Emmantle \Em*man"tle\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + mantle: cf. F.
emmanteler. Cf. {Inmantle}.]
To cover over with, or as with, a mantle; to put about as a
protection. [Obs.] --Holland.
Emmanuel \Em*man"u*el\, n.
See {Immanuel}. --Matt. i. 23.
Emmarble \Em*mar"ble\, v. t.
To turn to marble; to harden. [Obs.]
Thou dost emmarble the proud heart. --Spenser.
Emmenagogue \Em*men"a*gogue\, n. [Gr. ?, n. pl., menses (? in +
? month) + ? leading, fr. ? to lead: cf. F. emm['e]nagogue.]
(Med.)
A medicine that promotes the menstrual discharge.
Emmet \Em"met\, n. [OE. emete, amete, AS. [ae]mete. See {Ant}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An ant.
{Emmet hunter} (Zo["o]l.), the wryneck.
Emmetropia \Em`me*tro"pi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? in measure,
proportioned, suitable (? in + ? measure) + ?, ?, eye.]
(Med.)
That refractive condition of the eye in which the rays of
light are all brought accurately and without undue effort to
a focus upon the retina; -- opposed to hypermetropia, myopia,
an astigmatism.
Emmetropic \Em`me*trop"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, emmetropia.
The normal or emmetropic eye adjusts itself perfectly
for all distances. --J. Le Conte.
Emmetropy \Em*met"ro*py\, n. (Med.)
Same as {Emmetropia}.
Emmew \Em*mew"\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + mew. Cf. {Immew}.]
To mew or coop up. [Obs.] --Shak.
Emmove \Em*move"\, v. t. [For emove: cf. F. ['e]mouvoir, L.
emovere. See {Emotion}.]
To move; to rouse; to excite. [Obs.]
Emodin \Em"o*din\, n. (Chem.)
An orange-red crystalline substance, {C15H10O5}, obtained
from the buckthorn, rhubarb, etc., and regarded as a
derivative of anthraquinone; -- so called from a species of
rhubarb ({Rheum emodei}).
Emollescence \Em`ol*les"cence\, n. [L. e out + mollescere,
incho. fr. mollere to be soft, mollis soft.]
That degree of softness in a body beginning to melt which
alters its shape; the first or lowest degree of fusibility.
Emolliate \E*mol"li*ate\ (?; 106), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Emolliated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Emolliating}.] [See
{Emollient}, a.]
To soften; to render effeminate.
Emolliated by four centuries of Roman domination, the
Belgic colonies had forgotten their pristine valor.
--Pinkerton.
Emollient \E*mol"lient\ (?; 106), a. [L. emolliens, -entis, p.
pr. of emollire to soften; e out + mollire to soften, mollis
soft: cf. F. ['e]mollient. See {Mollify}.]
Softening; making supple; acting as an emollient. ``Emollient
applications.'' --Arbuthnot.
Emollient \E*mol"lient\ (?; 105), n. (Med.)
An external something or soothing application to allay
irritation, soreness, etc.
Emollition \Em`ol*li"tion\, n.
The act of softening or relaxing; relaxation. --Bacon.
Emolument \E*mol"u*ment\, n. [L. emolumentum, lit., a working
out, fr. emoliri to move out, work out; e out + moliri to set
in motion, exert one's self, fr. moles a huge, heavy mass:
cf. F. ['e]molument. See {Mole} a mound.]
The profit arising from office, employment, or labor; gain;
compensation; advantage; perquisites, fees, or salary.
A long . . . enjoyment of the emoluments of office.
--Bancroft.
Emolumental \E*mol`u*men"tal\, a.
Pertaining to an emolument; profitable. [R.] --Evelyn.
Emong \E*mong"\, Emongst \E*mongst"\, prep.
Among. [Obs.]
Emotion \E*mo"tion\, n. [L. emovere, emotum, to remove, shake,
stir up; e out + movere to move: cf. F. ['e]motion. See
{Move}, and cf. {Emmove}.]
A moving of the mind or soul; excitement of the feelings,
whether pleasing or painful; disturbance or agitation of mind
caused by a specific exciting cause and manifested by some
sensible effect on the body.
How different the emotions between departure and
return! --W. Irving.
Some vague emotion of delight. --Tennyson.
Syn: Feeling; agitation; tremor; trepidation; perturbation;
passion; excitement.
Usage: {Emotion}, {Feeling}, {Agitation}. Feeling is the
weaker term, and may be of the body or the mind.
Emotion is of the mind alone, being the excited action
of some inward susceptibility or feeling; as, an
emotion of pity, terror, etc. Agitation may the bodily
or mental, and usually arises in the latter case from
a vehement struggle between contending desires or
emotions. See {Passion}. ``Agitations have but one
character, viz., that of violence; emotions vary with
the objects that awaken them. There are emotions
either of tenderness or anger, either gentle or
strong, either painful or pleasing.'' --Crabb.
Emotioned \E*mo"tioned\, a.
Affected with emotion. [R.] ``The emotioned soul.'' --Sir W.
Scott.
Emotional \E*mo"tion*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, emotion; excitable;
easily moved; sensational; as, an emotional nature.
Emotionalism \E*mo"tion*al*ism\, n.
The cultivation of an emotional state of mind; tendency to
regard things in an emotional manner.
Emotionalize \E*mo"tion*al*ize\, v. t.
To give an emotional character to.
Brought up in a pious family where religion was not
talked about emotionalized, but was accepted as the
rule of thought and conduct. --Froude.
Emotive \E*mo"tive\, a.
Attended by, or having the character of, emotion. --H.
Brooke. -- {E*mo"tive*ly}, adv.
Emotiveness \E*mo"tive*ness\, n.
Susceptibility to emotion. --G. Eliot.
Emotivity \E`mo*tiv"i*ty\, n.
Emotiveness. --Hickok.
Emove \E*move"\, v. t.
To move. [Obs.] --Thomson.
Empair \Em*pair"\, v. t.
To impair. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Empaistic \Em*pais"tic\, a. [Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ? to stamp in; ?
in + ? to strike.] (Fine Arts)
Having to do with inlaid work; -- especially used with
reference to work of the ancient Greeks.
Empale \Em*pale"\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + pale: cf. OF.
empalir.]
To make pale. [Obs.]
No bloodless malady empales their face. --G. Fletcher.
Empale \Em*pale"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Empaled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Empaling}.] [OF. empaler to palisade, pierce, F. empaler
to punish by empalement; pref. em- (L. in) + OF. & F. pal a
pale, stake. See {Pale} a stake, and cf. {Impale}.] [Written
also {impale}.]
1. To fence or fortify with stakes; to surround with a line
of stakes for defense; to impale.
All that dwell near enemies empale villages, to save
themselves from surprise. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
2. To inclose; to surround. See {Impale}.
3. To put to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the
body.
4. (Her.) Same as {Impale}.
Empalement \Em*pale"ment\, n. [Cf. F. empalement, fr. empaler.
See {Empale}.] [Written also {impalement}.]
1. A fencing, inclosing, or fortifying with stakes.
2. A putting to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through
the body.
3. (Her.) Same as {Impalement}.
Empanel \Em*pan"el\, n. [Pref. em- (L. in) + panel.] (Law)
A list of jurors; a panel. [Obs.] --Cowell.
Empanel \Em*pan"el\, v. t.
See {Impanel}.
Empanoplied \Em*pan"o*plied\, a. [Pref. em- + panoply.]
Completely armed; panoplied. --Tennyson.
Emparadise \Em*par"a*dise\, v. t.
Same as {Imparadise}.
Empark \Em*park"\, v. t. [Pref. em- + park: cf. OF. emparchier,
emparkier. Cf. {Impark}.]
To make a park of; to inclose, as with a fence; to impark.
[Obs.]
Emparlance \Em*par"lance\, n.
Parley; imparlance. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Empasm \Em*pasm"\, n. [F. empasme, fr. Gr. ? to sprinkle in or
on; ? in + ? to sprinkle.]
A perfumed powder sprinkled upon the body to mask the odor of
sweat.
Empassion \Em*pas"sion\, v. t.
To move with passion; to affect strongly. See {Impassion}.
[Obs.]
Those sights empassion me full near. --Spenser.
Empassionate \Em*pas"sion*ate\, a.
Strongly affected. [Obs.]
The Briton Prince was sore empassionate. --Spenser.
Empawn \Em*pawn"\, v. t. [Pref. em- + pawn. Cf. {Impawn}.]
To put in pawn; to pledge; to impawn.
To sell, empawn, and alienate the estates. --Milman.
Empeach \Em*peach"\, v. t.
To hinder. See {Impeach}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Empearl \Em*pearl"\, v. t. [Pref. em- + pearl. Cf. {Impearl}.]
To form like pearls; to decorate with, or as with, pearls; to
impearl.
Empeople \Em*peo"ple\, v. t.
To form into a people or community; to inhabit; to people.
[Obs.]
We now know 't is very well empeopled. --Sir T.
Browne.
Emperess \Em"per*ess\, n.
See {Empress}. [Obs.]
Emperice \Em"per*ice\, n.
An empress. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Emperil \Em*per"il\, v. t.
To put in peril. See {Imperil}. --Spenser.
Emperished \Em*per"ished\, a.
Perished; decayed. [Obs.]
I deem thy brain emperished be. --Spenser.
Emperor \Em"per*or\, n. [OF. empereor, empereour, F. empereur,
L. imperator, fr. imperare to command; in in + parare to
prepare, order. See {Parade}, and cf. {Imperative},
{Empress}.]
The sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire; -- a title of
dignity superior to that of king; as, the emperor of Germany
or of Austria; the emperor or Czar of Russia.
{Emperor goose} (Zo["o]l.), a large and handsome goose
({Philacte canagica}), found in Alaska.
{Emperor moth} (Zo["o]l.), one of several large and beautiful
bombycid moths, with transparent spots on the wings; as
the American Cecropia moth ({Platysamia cecropia}), and
the European species ({Saturnia pavonia}).
{Emperor paper}. See under {Paper}.
{Purple emperor} (Zo["o]l.), a large, strong British
butterfly ({Apatura iris}).
Emperorship \Em"per*or*ship\, n.
The rank or office of an emperor.
Empery \Em"per*y\, n. [L. imperium, influenced by OF. emperie,
empire. See {Empire}.]
Empire; sovereignty; dominion. [Archaic] --Shak.
Struggling for my woman's empery. --Mrs.
Browning.
Emphasis \Em"pha*sis\, n.; pl. {Emphases}. [L., fr. Gr. ?
significance, force of expression, fr. ? to show in,
indicate; ? in + ? to show. See {In}, and {Phase}.]
1. (Rhet.) A particular stress of utterance, or force of
voice, given in reading and speaking to one or more words
whose signification the speaker intends to impress
specially upon his audience.
The province of emphasis is so much more important
than accent, that the customary seat of the latter
is changed, when the claims of emphasis require it.
--E. Porter.
2. A peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of
thought; vivid representation, enforcing assent; as, to
dwell on a subject with great emphasis.
External objects stand before us . . . in all the
life and emphasis of extension, figure, and color.
--Sir W.
Hamilton.
Emphasize \Em"pha*size\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emphasized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Emphasizing}.]
To utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice; to
make emphatic; as, to emphasize a word or a phrase.
Emphatic \Em*phat"ic\, Emphatical \Em*phat"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?:
cf. F. emphatique. See {Emphasis}.]
1. Uttered with emphasis; made prominent and impressive by a
peculiar stress of voice; laying stress; deserving of
stress or emphasis; forcible; impressive; strong; as, to
remonstrate in am emphatic manner; an emphatic word; an
emphatic tone; emphatic reasoning.
2. Striking the sense; attracting special attention;
impressive; forcible. ``Emphatical colors.'' --Boyle.
``Emphatical evils.'' --Bp. Reynolds.
Syn: Forcible; earnest; impressive; energetic; striking;
positive; important; special; significant.
Emphatically \Em*phat"ic*al*ly\, adv.
1. With emphasis; forcibly; in a striking manner or degree;
pre["e]minently.
He was indeed emphatically a popular writer.
--Macaulay.
2. Not really, but apparently. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Emphaticalness \Em*phat"ic*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being emphatic; emphasis.
Emphractic \Em*phrac"tic\, a. [Gr. ? obstructing, fr. ? to block
up.] (Med.)
Having the quality of closing the pores of the skin.
Emphrensy \Em*phren"sy\, v. t.
To madden. [Obs.]
Emphysema \Em`phy*se"ma\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? inflation, fr. ?
to inflate; ? in + ? to blow: cf. F. emphys[`e]me.] (Med.)
A swelling produced by gas or air diffused in the cellular
tissue.
{Emphysema of the lungs}, {Pulmonary emphysema} (Med.), a
common disease of the lungs in which the air cells are
distended and their partition walls ruptured by an
abnormal pressure of the air contained in them.
Emphysematous \Em`phy*sem"a*tous\, a. [Cf. F. emphys['e]mateux.]
(Med.)
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, emphysema; swelled;
bloated.
Emphyteusis \Em`phy*teu"sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, lit., an
implanting, fr. ? to plant or improve land; ? in + ? to
plant.] (Rom. Law)
A real right, susceptible of assignment and of descent,
charged on productive real estate, the right being coupled
with the enjoyment of the property on condition of taking
care of the estate and paying taxes, and sometimes a small
rent. --Heumann.
Emphyteutic \Em`phy*teu"tic\, a. [L. emphyteuticus.]
Of or pertaining to an emphyteusis; as, emphyteutic lands.
Emphyteuticary \Em`phy*teu"ti*ca*ry\, n. [L. emphyteuticarius,
a.]
One who holds lands by emphyteusis.
Empierce \Em*pierce"\, v. t. [Pref. em- + pierce. Cf.
{Impierce}.]
To pierce; to impierce. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Empight \Em*pight"\, a. [Pref. em- + pight pitched, fixed.]
Fixed; settled; fastened. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Empire \Em"pire\, n. [F., fr. L. imperium a command,
sovereignty, dominion, empire, fr. imperare. See {Emperor};
cf. {Imperial}.]
1. Supreme power; sovereignty; sway; dominion. ``The empire
of the sea.'' --Shak.
Over hell extend His empire, and with iron scepter
rule. --Milton.
2. The dominion of an emperor; the territory or countries
under the jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor (rarely
of a king), usually of greater extent than a kingdom,
always comprising a variety in the nationality of, or the
forms of administration in, constituent and subordinate
portions; as, the Austrian empire.
Empire carries with it the idea of a vast and
complicated government. --C. J. Smith.
3. Any dominion; supreme control; governing influence; rule;
sway; as, the empire of mind or of reason. ``Under the
empire of facts.'' --M. Arnold.
Another force which, in the Middle Ages, shared with
chivalry the empire over the minds of men. --A. W.
Ward.
{Celestial empire}. See under {Celestial}.
{Empire City}, a common designation of the city of New York.
{Empire State}, a common designation of the State of New
York.
Syn: Sway; dominion; rule; control; reign; sovereignty;
government; kingdom; realm; state.
Empiric \Em*pir"ic\ (?; 277), n. [L. empiricus an empiric, Gr. ?
experienced, equiv. to ?; ? in + ? a trial, experiment; akin
to ? ford, way, and E. fare: cf. F. empirique. See {In}, and
{Fare}.]
1. One who follows an empirical method; one who relies upon
practical experience.
2. One who confines himself to applying the results of mere
experience or his own observation; especially, in
medicine, one who deviates from the rules of science and
regular practice; an ignorant and unlicensed pretender; a
quack; a charlatan.
Among the Greek physicians, those who founded their
practice on experience called themselves empirics.
--Krauth-Fleming.
Swallow down opinions as silly people do empirics'
pills. --Locke.
Empiric \Em*pir"ic\, Empirical \Em*pir"ic*al\, a.
1. Pertaining to, or founded upon, experiment or experience;
depending upon the observation of phenomena; versed in
experiments.
In philosophical language, the term empirical means
simply what belongs to or is the product of
experience or observation. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
The village carpenter . . . lays out his work by
empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship. --H.
Spencer.
2. Depending upon experience or observation alone, without
due regard to science and theory; -- said especially of
medical practice, remedies, etc.; wanting in science and
deep insight; as, empiric skill, remedies.
{Empirical formula}. (Chem.) See under {Formula}.
Syn: See {Transcendental}.
Empirically \Em*pir"ic*al*ly\, adv.
By experiment or experience; without science; in the manner
of quacks.
Empiricism \Em*pir"i*cism\, n.
1. The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge
by observation and experiment.
2. Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere
experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of
principles; ignorant and unscientific practice;
charlatanry; quackery.
3. (Metaph.) The philosophical theory which attributes the
origin of all our knowledge to experience.
Empiricist \Em*pir"i*cist\, n.
An empiric.
Empiristic \Em`pi*ris"tic\, a. (Physics)
Relating to, or resulting from, experience, or experiment;
following from empirical methods or data; -- opposed to
nativistic.
Emplaster \Em*plas"ter\, n. [OF. emplastre, F. empl[^a]tre, L.
emplastrum a plaster or salve, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to plaster
up, daub over; ? in + ? to form, mold, apply as a plaster.]
See {Plaster}. [Obs.] --Wiseman.
Emplaster \Em*plas"ter\, v. t. [Cf. OF. emplastrer, F.
empl[^a]trer. See {Emplaster}, n.]
To plaster over; to cover over so as to present a good
appearance. [Obs.] ``Fair as ye his name emplaster.''
--Chaucer.
Emplastic \Em*plas"tic\, a. [Cf. F. emplastique, fr. Gr. ?
clogging. See {Emplaster}.]
Fit to be applied as a plaster; glutinous; adhesive; as,
emplastic applications.
Emplastic \Em*plas"tic\, n.
A medicine causing constipation.
Emplastration \Em`plas*tra"tion\, n. [L. emplastratio a
budding.]
1. The act or process of grafting by inoculation; budding.
[Obs.] --Holland.
2. [See 1st {Emplaster}.] (Med.) The application of a plaster
or salve.
Emplead \Em*plead"\, v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + plead: cf. F.
emplaidier. Cf. {Implead}.]
To accuse; to indict. See {Implead}.
Emplection \Em*plec"tion\, n.
See {Emplecton}.
Emplecton \Em*plec"ton\, n. [F. or L. emplecton, fr. Gr. ?, fr.
? interwoven, fr. ? to plait or weave in; ? in + ? to twist,
weave.]
A kind of masonry in which the outer faces of the wall are
ashlar, the space between being filled with broken stone and
mortar. Cross layers of stone are interlaid as binders. [R.]
--Weale.
Emplore \Em*plore"\, v. t.
See {Implore}. [Obs.]
Employ \Em*ploy"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Employed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Employing}.] [F. employer, fr. L. implicare to fold into,
infold, involve, implicate, engage; in + plicare to fold. See
{Ply}, and cf. {Imply}, {Implicate}.]
1. To inclose; to infold. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. To use; to have in service; to cause to be engaged in
doing something; -- often followed by in, about, on, or
upon, and sometimes by to; as:
(a) To make use of, as an instrument, a means, a material,
etc., for a specific purpose; to apply; as, to employ
the pen in writing, bricks in building, words and
phrases in speaking; to employ the mind; to employ
one's energies.
This is a day in which the thoughts . . . ought
to be employed on serious subjects. --Addison.
(b) To occupy; as, to employ time in study.
(c) To have or keep at work; to give employment or
occupation to; to intrust with some duty or behest;
as, to employ a hundred workmen; to employ an envoy.
Jonathan . . . and Jahaziah . . . were employed
about this matter. --Ezra x. 15.
Thy vineyard must employ the sturdy steer To
turn the glebe. --Dryden.
{To employ one's self}, to apply or devote one's time and
attention; to busy one's self.
Syn: To use; busy; apply; exercise; occupy; engross; engage.
See {Use}.
Employ \Em*ploy"\, n. [Cf. F. emploi.]
That which engages or occupies a person; fixed or regular
service or business; employment.
The whole employ of body and of mind. --Pope.
{In one's employ}, in one's service.
Employable \Em*ploy"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. employable.]
Capable of being employed; capable of being used; fit or
proper for use. --Boyle.
Employ'e \Em`ploy`['e]"\, n. [F., p. p. of employer.]
One employed by another; a clerk or workman in the service of
an employer.
Employee \Em`ploy*ee"\, n. [The Eng. form of employ['e].]
One employed by another.
Employer \Em*ploy"er\, n.
One who employs another; as, an employer of workmen.
Employment \Em*ploy"ment\, n.
1. The act of employing or using; also, the state of being
employed.
2. That which engages or occupies; that which consumes time
or attention; office or post of business; service; as,
agricultural employments; mechanical employments; public
employments; in the employment of government.
Cares are employments, and without employ The soul
is on a rack. --Young.
Syn: Work; business; occupation; vocation; calling; office;
service; commission; trade; profession.
Emplumed \Em*plumed"\, a.
Plumed. [R.]
Emplunge \Em*plunge"\, v. t. [Cf. {Implunge}.]
To plunge; to implunge. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Empoison \Em*poi"son\, v. t. [F. empoisonner; pref. em- + F.
poison. See {Poison}, and cf. {Impoison}.]
To poison; to impoison. --Shak.
Empoison \Em*poi"son\, n.
Poison. [Obs.] --Remedy of Love.
Empoisoner \Em*poi"son*er\, n.
Poisoner. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Empoisonment \Em*poi"son*ment\, n. [F. empoisonnement.]
The act of poisoning. --Bacon.
Emporetic \Em`po*ret"ic\, Emporetical \Em`po*ret"ic*al\, a. [L.
emporeticus, Gr. ?. See {Emporium}.]
Pertaining to an emporium; relating to merchandise. [Obs.]
--Johnson.
Emporium \Em*po"ri*um\, n.; pl. {Emporiums}, L. {Emporia}. [L.,
fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? belonging to commerce, fr. ? traveler,
trader; ? in + ? way through and over, path. See {In}, and
{Empiric}, {Fare}.]
1. A place of trade; a market place; a mart; esp., a city or
town with extensive commerce; the commercial center of a
country.
That wonderful emporium [Manchester] . . . was then
a mean and ill-built market town. --Macaulay.
It is pride . . . which fills our streets, our
emporiums, our theathers. --Knox.
2. (Physiol.) The brain. [Obs.]
Empoverish \Em*pov"er*ish\, v. t.
See {Impoverish}.
Empower \Em*pow"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Empowered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Empowering}.]
1. To give authority to; to delegate power to; to commission;
to authorize (having commonly a legal force); as, the
Supreme Court is empowered to try and decide cases, civil
or criminal; the attorney is empowered to sign an
acquittance, and discharge the debtor.
2. To give moral or physical power, faculties, or abilities
to. ``These eyes . . . empowered to gaze.'' --Keble.
Empress \Em"press\, n. [OE. empress, emperice, OF. empereis,
empereris, fr. L. imperatrix, fem. of imperator. See
{Emperor}.]
1. The consort of an emperor. --Shak.
2. A female sovereign.
3. A sovereign mistress. ``Empress of my soul.'' --Shak.
{Empress cloth}, a cloth for ladies' dresses, either wholly
of wool, or with cotton warp and wool weft. It resembles
merino, but is not twilled.
Emprint \Em*print"\, v. t. [Obs.]
See {Imprint}.
Emprise \Em*prise"\, n. [OF. emprise, fr. emprendre to
undertake; pref. em- (L. in) + F. prendre to take, L.
prehendere, prendere; prae before + a verb akin to E. get.
See {Get}, and cf. {Enterprise}, {Impresa}.] [Archaic]
1. An enterprise; endeavor; adventure. --Chaucer.
In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. --Spenser.
The deeds of love and high emprise. --Longfellow.
2. The qualifies which prompt one to undertake difficult and
dangerous exploits.
I love thy courage yet and bolt emprise; But here
thy sword can do thee little stead. --Milton.
Emprise \Em*prise"\, v. t.
To undertake. [Obs.] --Sackville.
Emprising \Em*pris"ing\, a. [From {Emprise}, v. t.]
Full of daring; adventurous. [Archaic] --T. Campbell.
Emprison \Em*pris"on\, v. t. [Obs.]
See {Imprison}.
Emprosthotonos \Em`pros*thot"o*nos\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? forward
+ ? to draw.] (Med.)
A drawing of the body forward, in consequence of the
spasmodic action of some of the muscles. --Gross.
Empte \Emp"te\, v. t.
To empty. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Emptier \Emp"ti*er\ (?; 215), n.
One who, or that which, empties.
Emptier \Emp"ti*er\, compar.
of {Empty}.
Emptiness \Emp"ti*ness\, n. [From {Empty}.]
1. The state of being empty; absence of contents; void space;
vacuum; as, the emptiness of a vessel; emptiness of the
stomach.
2. Want of solidity or substance; unsatisfactoriness;
inability to satisfy desire; vacuity; hollowness; the
emptiness of earthly glory.
3. Want of knowledge; lack of sense; vacuity of mind.
Eternal smiles his emptiness betray. --Pope.
The sins of emptiness, gossip, and spite.
--Tennyson.
Emption \Emp"tion\, n. [L. emptio, fr. emere to buy.]
The act of buying. [R.] --Arbuthnot.
Emptional \Emp"tion*al\, a.
Capable of being purchased.
Empty \Emp"ty\ (?; 215), a. [Compar. {Emptier}; superl.
{Emptiest}.] [AS. emtig, [ae]mtig, [ae]metig, fr. [ae]mta,
[ae]metta, quiet, leisure, rest; of uncertain origin; cf. G.
emsig busy.]
1. Containing nothing; not holding or having anything within;
void of contents or appropriate contents; not filled; --
said of an inclosure, as a box, room, house, etc.; as, an
empty chest, room, purse, or pitcher; an empty stomach;
empty shackles.
2. Free; clear; devoid; -- often with of. ``That fair female
troop . . . empty of all good.'' --Milton.
I shall find you empty of that fault. --Shak.
3. Having nothing to carry; unburdened. ``An empty
messenger.'' --Shak.
When ye go ye shall not go empty. --Ex. iii. 21.
4. Destitute of effect, sincerity, or sense; -- said of
language; as, empty words, or threats.
Words are but empty thanks. --Cibber.
5. Unable to satisfy; unsatisfactory; hollow; vain; -- said
of pleasure, the world, etc.
Pleas'd in the silent shade with empty praise.
--Pope.
6. Producing nothing; unfruitful; -- said of a plant or tree;
as, an empty vine.
Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind. --Gen.
xli. 27.
7. Destitute of, or lacking, sense, knowledge, or courtesy;
as, empty brains; an empty coxcomb.
That in civility thou seem'st so empty. --Shak.
8. Destitute of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial;
as, empty dreams.
Note: Empty is used as the first element in a compound; as,
empty-handed, having nothing in the hands, destitute;
empty-headed, having few ideas; empty-hearted,
destitute of feeling.
Syn: See {Vacant}.
Empty \Emp"ty\, n.; pl. {Empties}.
An empty box, crate, cask, etc.; -- used in commerce, esp. in
transportation of freight; as, ``special rates for empties.''
Empty \Emp"ty\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emptied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Emptying}.]
To deprive of the contents; to exhaust; to make void or
destitute; to make vacant; to pour out; to discharge; as, to
empty a vessel; to empty a well or a cistern.
The clouds . . . empty themselves upon the earth.
--Eccl. xi. 3.
Empty \Emp"ty\, v. i.
1. To discharge itself; as, a river empties into the ocean.
2. To become empty. ``The chapel empties.'' --B. Jonson.
Emptying \Emp"ty*ing\, n.
1. The act of making empty. --Shak.
2. pl. The lees of beer, cider, etc.; yeast. [U.S.]
Empugn \Em*pugn"\, v. t. [Obs.]
See {Impugn}.
Empurple \Em*pur"ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Empurpled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Empurpling}.] [Pref. em- + purple. Cf. {Impurple}.]
To tinge or dye of a purple color; to color with purple; to
impurple. ``The deep empurpled ran.'' --Philips.
Empuse \Em*puse"\, n. [LL. empusa, Gr. ?.]
A phantom or specter. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Empuzzle \Em*puz"zle\, v. t. [Pref. em- + puzzle.]
To puzzle. [Archaic] --Sir T. Browne.
Empyema \Em`py*e"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, from ? to suppurate; ?
in + ? pus.] (Med.)
A collection of blood, pus, or other fluid, in some cavity of
the body, especially that of the pleura. --Dunglison.
Note: The term empyema is now restricted to a collection of
pus in the cavity of the pleura.
Empyesis \Em`py*e"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? suppuration.] (Med.)
An eruption of pustules.
Empyreal \Em*pyr"e*al\, a. [L. empyrius, empyreus, fiery, Gr. ?,
?, in fire, fiery; ? in + ? fire. See {In}, and {Fire}.]
Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond a["e]rial
substance; pertaining to the highest and purest region of
heaven.
Go, soar with Plato to the empyreal sphere. --Pope.
{Empyreal air}, oxygen gas.
Empyreal \Em*pyr"e*al\, n.
Empyrean. --Mrs. Browning.
Empyrean \Em`py*re"an\ (?; 277), n. [See {Empyreal}.]
The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was
supposed by the ancients to subsist.
The empyrean rung With hallelujahs. --Milton.
Empyrean \Em`py*re"an\, a.
Empyreal. --Akenside.
Empyreuma \Em`py*reu"ma\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? a live coal
covered with ashes, fr. ? to set on fire, fr. ?: cf. F.
empyreume. See {Empyreal}.] (Chem.)
The peculiar smell and taste arising from products of
decomposition of animal or vegetable substances when burnt in
close vessels.
Empyreumatic \Em`py*reu*mat"ic\, Empyreumatical
\Em`py*reu*mat"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. empyreumatique.]
Of or pertaining to empyreuma; as, an empyreumatic odor.
{Empyreumatic oils}, oils obtained by distilling various
organic substances at high temperatures. --Brande & C.
Empyreumatize \Em`py*reu"ma*tize\, v. t.
To render empyreumatic. [R.]
Empyrical \Em*pyr"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ? in fire. See {Empyreal}.]
Containing the combustible principle of coal. --Kirwan.
Empyrosis \Em"py*ro"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ? in + ? to burn.]
A general fire; a conflagration. [Obs.] --Sir M. Hale.
Emrods \Em"rods\, n. pl.
See {Emerods}. [Obs.]
Emu \E"mu\, n. [Cf. Pg. ema ostrich, F. ['e]mou, ['e]meu, emu.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large Australian bird, of two species ({Dromaius
Nov[ae]-Hollandi[ae]} and {D. irroratus}), related to the
cassowary and the ostrich. The emu runs swiftly, but is
unable to fly. [Written also {emeu} and {emew}.]
Note: The name is sometimes erroneously applied, by the
Brazilians, to the rhea, or South American ostrich.
{Emu wren}. See in the Vocabulary.
Emulable \Em"u*la*ble\, a. [L. aemulari to emulate + -able.]
Capable of being emulated. [R.]
Some imitable and emulable good. --Abp.
Leighton.
Emulate \Em"u*late\, a. [L. aemulatus, p. p. of aemulari, fr.
aemulus emulous; prob. akin to E. imitate.]
Striving to excel; ambitious; emulous. [Obs.] ``A most
emulate pride.'' --Shak.
Emulate \Em"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Emulated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Emulating}.]
To strive to equal or to excel in qualities or actions; to
imitate, with a view to equal or to outdo, to vie with; to
rival; as, to emulate the good and the great.
Thine eye would emulate the diamond. --Shak.
Emulation \Em`u*la"tion\, n. [L. aemulatio: cf. F.
['e]mulation.]
1. The endeavor to equal or to excel another in qualities or
actions; an assiduous striving to equal or excel another;
rivalry.
A noble emulation heats your breast. --Dryden.
2. Jea?ous rivalry; envy; envious contention.
Such factious emulations shall arise. --Shak.
Syn: Competition; rivalry; contest; contention; strife. --
{Emulation}, {Competition}, {Rivalry}. Competition is
the struggle of two or more persons for the same object.
Emulation is an ardent desire for superiority, arising
from competition, but now implying, of necessity, any
improper feeling. Rivalry is a personal contest, and,
almost of course, has a selfish object and gives rise to
envy. ``Competition and emulation have honor for their
basis; rivalry is but a desire for selfish
gratification. Competition and emulation animate to
effort; rivalry usually produces hatred. Competition and
emulation seek to merit success; rivalry is contented
with obtaining it.'' --Crabb.
Emulative \Em"u*la*tive\, a.
Inclined to emulation; aspiring to competition; rivaling; as,
an emulative person or effort. ``Emulative zeal.'' --Hoole.
Emulatively \Em"u*la*tive*ly\, adv.
In an emulative manner; with emulation.
Emulator \Em"u*la`tor\, n. [L. aemulator.]
One who emulates, or strives to equal or surpass.
As Virgil rivaled Homer, Milton was the emulator of
both. --Bp.
Warburton.
Emulatory \Em"u*la*to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to emulation; connected with rivalry. [R.]
``Emulatory officiousness.'' --Bp. Hall.
Emulatress \Em"u*la`tress\, n.
A female emulator. [R.]
Emule \Em"ule\, v. t. [F. ['e]muler. See {Emulate}.]
To emulate. [Obs.] ``Emuled of many.'' --Spenser.
Emulge \E*mulge"\, v. t. [L. emulgere, emulsum; e out + mulgere
to milk; akin to E. milk. See {Milk}.]
To milk out; to drain. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Emulgent \E*mul"gent\, a. [L. emulgens, p. pr. of emulgere to
milk out: cf. F. ['e]mulgent. So called because regarded by
the ancients as straining out the serum, as if by milking,
and so producing the urine.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to the kidneys; renal; as, emulgent arteries and
veins. -- n. An emulgent vessel, as a renal artery or vein.
Emulgent \E*mul"gent\, n. (Med.)
A medicine that excites the flow of bile. [Obs.] --Hoblyn.
Emulous \Em"u*lous\, a. [L. aemulus. See {Emulate}.]
1. Ambitiously desirous to equal or even to excel another;
eager to emulate or vie with another; desirous of like
excellence with another; -- with of; as, emulous of
another's example or virtues.
2. Vying with; rivaling; hence, contentious, envious.
``Emulous Carthage.'' --B. Jonson.
Emulous missions 'mongst the gods. --Shak.
Emulously \Em"u*lous*ly\, adv.
In an emulous manner.
Emulousness \Em"u*lous*ness\, n.
The quality of being emulous.
Emulsic \E*mul"sic\, a.
Pertaining to, or produced from, emulsin; as, emulsic acid.
--Hoblyn.
Emulsify \E*mul"si*fy\, v. t. [Emulsion + -fy.]
To convert into an emulsion; to form an emulsion; to reduce
from an oily substance to a milky fluid in which the fat
globules are in a very finely divided state, giving it the
semblance of solution; as, the pancreatic juice emulsifies
the oily part of food.
Emulsin \E*mul"sin\, n. [See {Emulsion}, {Emulge}.] (Chem.)
(a) The white milky pulp or extract of bitter almonds. [R.]
(b) An unorganized ferment (contained in this extract and in
other vegetable juices), which effects the decomposition
of certain glucosides.
Emulsion \E*mul"sion\, n. [From L. emulgere, emulsum: cf. F.
['e]mulsion. See {Emulge}.]
Any liquid preparation of a color and consistency resembling
milk; as:
(a) In pharmacy, an extract of seeds, or a mixture of oil and
water united by a mucilaginous substance.
(b) In photography, a liquid preparation of collodion holding
salt of silver, used in the photographic process.
Emulsive \E*mul"sive\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]mulsif.]
1. Softening; milklike.
2. Yielding oil by expression; as, emulsive seeds.
3. Producing or yielding a milklike substance; as, emulsive
acids.
Emunctory \E*munc"to*ry\, n.; pl. {Emunctories}. [L. emunctorium
a pair of snuffers, fr. emungere, emunctum, to blow the nose,
hence, to wipe, cleanse; e out + mungere to blow the nose:
cf. F. ['e]monctoire, formerly spelled also ['e]monctoire.]
(Physiol.)
Any organ or part of the body (as the kidneys, skin, etc.,)
which serves to carry off excrementitious or waste matter.
Emuscation \Em`us*ca"tion\, n. [L. emuscare to clear from moss;
e out + muscus moss.]
A freeing from moss. [Obs.]
Emu wren \E"mu wren`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A small wrenlike Australian bird ({Stipiturus malachurus}),
having the tail feathers long and loosely barbed, like emu
feathers.
Emyd \E"myd\, n.; pl. E. {Emyds}, E. {Emyd??}. [See {Emydea}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A fresh-water tortoise of the family {Emydid[ae]}.
Emydea \E*myd"e*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Emys a genus of tortoises,
L. emys a kind of fresh-water tortoise, Gr. ?.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of chelonians which comprises many species of
fresh-water tortoises and terrapins.
En- \En-\
1. [F. en-, L. in.] A prefix signifying in or into, used in
many English words, chiefly those borrowed from the
French. Some English words are written indifferently with
en-or in-. For ease of pronunciation it is commonly
changed to em-before p, b, and m, as in employ, embody,
emmew. It is sometimes used to give a causal force, as in
enable, enfeeble, to cause to be, or to make, able, or
feeble; and sometimes merely gives an intensive force, as
in enchasten. See {In-}.
2. A prefix from Gr. ? in, meaning in; as, encephalon,
entomology. See {In-}.
-en \-en\
1. A suffix from AS. -an, formerly used to form the plural of
many nouns, as in ashen, eyen, oxen, all obs. except oxen.
In some cases, such as children and brethren, it has been
added to older plural forms.
2. A suffix corresponding to AS. -en and -on, formerly used
to form the plural of verbs, as in housen, escapen.
3. A suffix signifying to make, to cause, used to form verbs
from nouns and adjectives; as in strengthen, quicken,
frighten. This must not be confused with -en corresponding
in Old English to the AS. infinitive ending -an.
4. [AS. -en; akin to Goth. -eins, L. -inus, Gr. ?.] An
adjectival suffix, meaning made of; as in golden, leaden,
wooden.
5. [AS. -en; akin to Skr. -na.] The termination of the past
participle of many strong verbs; as, in broken, gotten,
trodden.
En \En\, n. (Print.)
Half an em, that is, half of the unit of space in measuring
printed matter. See {Em}.
Enable \En*a"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enabled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enabling}.]
1. To give strength or ability to; to make firm and strong.
[Obs.] ``Who hath enabled me.'' --1 Tim. i. 12.
Receive the Holy Ghost, said Christ to his apostles,
when he enabled them with priestly power. --Jer.
Taylor.
2. To make able (to do, or to be, something); to confer
sufficient power upon; to furnish with means,
opportunities, and the like; to render competent for; to
empower; to endow.
Temperance gives Nature her full play, and enables
her to exert herself in all her force and vigor.
--Addison.
Enablement \En*a"ble*ment\, n.
The act of enabling, or the state of being enabled; ability.
--Bacon.
Enact \En*act"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enacted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Enacting}.]
1. To decree; to establish by legal and authoritative act; to
make into a law; especially, to perform the legislative
act with reference to (a bill) which gives it the validity
of law.
2. To act; to perform; to do; to effect. [Obs.]
The king enacts more wonders than a man. --Shak.
3. To act the part of; to represent; to play.
I did enact Julius Caesar. --Shak.
{Enacting clause}, that clause of a bill which formally
expresses the legislative sanction.
Enact \En*act"\, n.
Purpose; determination. [Obs.]
Enactive \En*act"ive\, a.
Having power to enact or establish as a law. --Abp. Bramhall.
Enactment \En*act"ment\, n.
1. The passing of a bill into a law; the giving of
legislative sanction and executive approval to a bill
whereby it is established as a law.
2. That which is enacted or passed into a law; a law; a
decree; a statute; a prescribed requirement; as, a
prohibitory enactment; a social enactment.
Enactor \En*act"or\, n.
One who enacts a law; one who decrees or establishes as a
law. --Atterbury.
Enacture \En*ac"ture\ (?; 135), n.
Enactment; resolution. [Obs.] --Shak.
Enaliosaur \En*al"i*o*saur`\, n. (Paleon.)
One of the Enaliosauria.
Enaliosauria \En*al`i*o*sau"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ?
marine (? in + ? the sea) + ? a lizard.] (Paleon.)
An extinct group of marine reptiles, embracing both the
Ichthyosauria and the Plesiosauria, now regarded as distinct
orders.
Enaliosaurian \En*al`i*o*sau"ri*an\, a. (Paleon.)
Pertaining to the Enaliosauria. -- n. One of the
Enaliosauria.
Enallage \E*nal"la*ge\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? an exchange, fr. ? to
exchange; ? in + ? to change.] (Gram.)
A substitution, as of one part of speech for another, of one
gender, number, case, person, tense, mode, or voice, of the
same word, for another.
Enambush \En*am"bush\, v. t.
To ambush. [Obs.]
Enamel \En*am"el\, n. [Pref. en- + amel. See {Amel}, {Smelt}, v.
t.]
1. A variety of glass, used in ornament, to cover a surface,
as of metal or pottery, and admitting of after decoration
in color, or used itself for inlaying or application in
varied colors.
2. (Min.) A glassy, opaque bead obtained by the blowpipe.
3. That which is enameled; also, any smooth, glossy surface,
resembling enamel, especially if variegated.
4. (Anat.) The intensely hard calcified tissue entering into
the composition of teeth. It merely covers the exposed
parts of the teeth of man, but in many animals is
intermixed in various ways with the dentine and cement.
{Enamel painting}, painting with enamel colors upon a ground
of metal, porcelain, or the like, the colors being
afterwards fixed by fire.
{Enamel paper}, paper glazed a metallic coating.
Enamel \En*am"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enameled}or {Enamelled};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Enameling} or {Enamelling}.]
1. To lay enamel upon; to decorate with enamel whether inlaid
or painted.
2. To variegate with colors as if with enamel.
Oft he [the serpent]bowed His turret crest and sleek
enameled neck. --Milton.
3. To form a glossy surface like enamel upon; as, to enamel
card paper; to enamel leather or cloth.
4. To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion.
Enamel \En*am"el\, v. i.
To practice the art of enameling.
Enamel \En*am"el\, a.
Relating to the art of enameling; as, enamel painting.
--Tomlinson.
Enamelar \En*am"el*ar\, a.
Consisting of enamel; resembling enamel; smooth; glossy. [R.]
--Craig.
Enameled \En*am"eled\, a.
Coated or adorned with enamel; having a glossy or variegated
surface; glazed. [Written also {enamelled}.]
Enameler \En*am"el*er\, Enamelist \En*am"el*ist\, n.
One who enamels; a workman or artist who applies enamels in
ornamental work. [Written also {enameller}, {enamellist}.]
Enamor \En*am"or\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enamored}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enamoring}.] [OF. enamourer, enamorer; pref. en- (L. in)
+ OF. & F. amour love, L. amor. See {Amour}, and cf.
{Inamorato}.]
To inflame with love; to charm; to captivate; -- with of, or
with, before the person or thing; as, to be enamored with a
lady; to be enamored of books or science. [Written also
{enamour}.]
Passionately enamored of this shadow of a dream. --W.
Irving.
Enamorment \En*am"or*ment\, n.
The state of being enamored. [R.]
Enantiomorphous \E*nan`ti*o*mor"phous\, a. [Gr. 'enanti`os
opposite + morfh` form.] (Crystallog.)
Similar, but not superposable, i. e., related to each other
as a right-handed to a left-handed glove; -- said of certain
hemihedral crystals.
Enantiopathic \E*nan`ti*o*path"ic\, a. (Med.)
Serving to palliate; palliative. --Dunglison.
Enantiopathy \E*nan`ti*op"a*thy\, n. [Gr. ? of contrary
properties or affections; 'enanti`os opposite + ? suffering,
affection, fr. ?, ?, to suffer.]
1. An opposite passion or affection. --Sir W. Hamilton.
2. (Med.) Allopathy; -- a term used by followers of
Hahnemann, or homeopathists.
Enantiosis \E*nan`ti*o"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? contradiction,
fr. 'enanti`os opposite.] (Rhet.)
A figure of speech by which what is to be understood
affirmatively is stated negatively, and the contrary;
affirmation by contraries.
Enarch \En*arch"\, v. t.
To arch. [Obs.] --Lydgate.
Enarched \En*arched"\, a. (Her.)
Bent into a curve; -- said of a bend or other ordinary.
Enargite \En*ar"gite\, n. (Min.)
An iron-black mineral of metallic luster, occurring in small
orthorhombic crystals, also massive. It contains sulphur,
arsenic, copper, and often silver.
Enarmed \En*armed"\, a. (Her.)
Same as {Armed}, 3.
Enarration \En`ar*ra"tion\, n. [L. enarratio. See {Narration}.]
A detailed exposition; relation. [Obs.] --Hakewill.
Enarthrodia \En`ar*thro"di*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? in + ?. See
{Arthrodia}.] (Anat.)
See {Enarthrosis}. -- {En`ar*thro"di*al}, a.
Enarthrosis \En`ar*thro"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? jointed;
? in + ? joint.] (Anat.)
A ball and socket joint, or the kind of articulation
represented by such a joint. See {Articulation}.
Enascent \E*nas"cent\, a. [L. enascens, p. pr. of enasci to
spring up; e out + nasci to be born.]
Coming into being; nascent. [Obs.] --Bp. Warburton.
Enatation \E`na*ta"tion\, n. [L. enatare to swim out. See
{Natation}.]
A swimming out. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Enate \E*nate"\, a. [L. enatus, p. p. of enasci. See
{Enascent}.]
Growing out.
Enation \E*na"tion\, n. (Bot.)
Any unusual outgrowth from the surface of a thing, as of a
petal; also, the capacity or act of producing such an
outgrowth.
Enaunter \E*naun"ter\, adv. [Pref. en- + aunter.]
Lest that. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enavigate \E*nav"i*gate\, v. t. [L. enavigatus, p. p. of
enavigare.]
To sail away or over. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Enbattled \En*bat"tled\, a.
Embattled. [Obs.]
Enbibe \En*bibe"\, v. t.
To imbibe. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Enbroude \En*broud"e\, v. t.
See {Embroude}.
Encage \En*cage"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Encaged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Engaging}.] [Pref. en- + cage: cf. F. encager.]
To confine in a cage; to coop up. --Shak.
Encalendar \En*cal"en*dar\, v. t.
To register in a calendar; to calendar. --Drayton.
Encamp \En*camp"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Encamped} (?; 215); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Encamping}.]
To form and occupy a camp; to prepare and settle in temporary
habitations, as tents or huts; to halt on a march, pitch
tents, or form huts, and remain for the night or for a longer
time, as an army or a company traveling.
The host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of
Rephaim. --1 Chron. xi.
15.
Encamp \En*camp"\, v. t.
To form into a camp; to place in a temporary habitation, or
quarters.
Bid him encamp his soldiers. --Shak.
Encampment \En*camp"ment\, n.
1. The act of pitching tents or forming huts, as by an army
or traveling company, for temporary lodging or rest.
2. The place where an army or a company is encamped; a camp;
tents pitched or huts erected for temporary lodgings.
A square of about seven hundred yards was sufficient
for the encampment of twenty thousand Romans.
--Gibbon.
A green encampment yonder meets the eye. --Guardian.
Encanker \En*can"ker\, v. t.
To canker. [Obs.]
Encapsulation \En*cap`su*la"tion\, n. (Physiol.)
The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane
around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule.
Encarnalize \En*car"nal*ize\, v. t.
To carnalize; to make gross. [R.] ``Encarnalize their
spirits.'' --Tennyson.
Encarpus \En*car"pus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? containing fruit; ? in
+ ? fruit; cf. L. encarpa, pl., Gr. ?.] (Arch.)
An ornament on a frieze or capital, consisting of festoons of
fruit, flowers, leaves, etc. [Written also {encarpa}.]
Encase \En*case"\, v. t. [Cf. {Enchase}.]
To inclose as in a case. See {Incase}. --Beau. & Fl.
Encasement \En*case"ment\, n. [Cf. {Casement}.]
1. The act of encasing; also, that which encases.
2. (Biol.) An old theory of generation similar to
embo[^i]tement. See {Ovulist}.
Encash \En*cash"\, v. t. (Eng. Banking)
To turn into cash; to cash. --Sat. Rev.
Encashment \En*cash"ment\, n. (Eng. Banking)
The payment in cash of a note, draft, etc.
Encauma \En*cau"ma\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? mark caused by burning,
fr. ?. See {Encaustic}.] (Med.)
An ulcer in the eye, upon the cornea, which causes the loss
of the humors. --Dunglison.
Encaustic \En*caus"tic\, a. [L. encausticus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to
burn in; ? in + ? to burn: cf. F. encaustique. See {Caustic},
and cf. {Ink}.] (Fine Arts)
Prepared by means of heat; burned in.
{Encaustic painting} (Fine Arts), painting by means of wax
with which the colors are combined, and which is
afterwards fused with hot irons, thus fixing the colors.
{Encaustic tile} (Fine Arts), an earthenware tile which has a
decorative pattern and is not wholly of one color.
Encaustic \En*caus"tic\, n. [L. encaustica, Gr. ? (sc. ?): cf.
F. encaustique. See {Encaustic}, a.]
The method of painting in heated wax, or in any way where
heat is used to fix the colors.
Encave \En*cave"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + cave: cf. F. encaver. Cf.
{Incavated}.]
To hide in, or as in, a cave or recess. ``Do but encave
yourself.'' --Shak.
-ence \-ence\ [F. -ence, L. -entia.]
A noun suffix signifying action, state, or quality; also,
that which relates to the action or state; as in emergence,
diffidence, diligence, influence, difference, excellence. See
{-ance}.
Enceinte \En`ceinte"\, n. [F., fr. enceindre to gird about,
surround, L. incingere; in (intens). + cingere to gird. See
{Cincture}.]
1. (Fort.) The line of works which forms the main inclosure
of a fortress or place; -- called also {body of the
place}.
2. The area or town inclosed by a line of fortification.
The suburbs are not unfrequently larger than their
enceinte. --S. W.
Williams.
Enceinte \En`ceinte"\, a. [F., fr. L. in not + cinctus, p. p. of
cingere to gird about.]
Pregnant; with child.
Encenia \En*ce"ni*a\, n. pl. [LL. encaenia, fr. Gr. ? a feast of
dedication; ? in + ? new.]
A festival commemorative of the founding of a city or the
consecration of a church; also, the ceremonies (as at Oxford
and Cambridge, England) commemorative of founders or
benefactors.
Encense \En*cense"\, v. t. & i. [F. encenser, fr. encens. See
{Incense}, n.]
To offer incense to or upon; to burn incense. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Encephalic \En`ce*phal"ic\, a. [See {Encephalon}.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to the encephalon or brain.
Encephalitis \En*ceph`a*li"tis\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? the brain +
-itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the brain. -- {En`ceph*a*lit"ic}, a.
Encephalocele \En*ceph"a*lo*cele\, n. [Gr. ? the brain + ?
tumor.] (Med.)
Hernia of the brain.
Encephaloid \En*ceph"a*loid\, a. [Gr. ? + -oid.]
Resembling the material of the brain; cerebriform.
{Encephaloid cancer} (Med.), a very malignant form of cancer
of brainlike consistency. See under {Cancer}.
Encephaloid \En*ceph"a*loid\, n.
An encephaloid cancer.
Encephalology \En*ceph`a*lol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? the brain +
-logy.]
The science which treats of the brain, its structure and
functions.
Encephalon \En*ceph"a*lon\, n. [NL. See {Encephalos}.] (Anat.)
The contents of the cranium; the brain.
Encephalopathy \En*ceph`a*lop"a*thy\, n. [Gr. ? the brain + ?,
?, to suffer.] (Med.)
Any disease or symptoms of disease referable to disorders of
the brain; as, lead encephalopathy, the cerebral symptoms
attending chronic lead poisoning.
Encephalos \En*ceph"a*los\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ? in + ? head.]
(Anat.)
The encephalon.
In man the encephalos reaches its full size about seven
years of age. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Encephalotomy \En*ceph`a*lot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? the brain + ? a
cutting.] (Surg.)
The act or art of dissecting the brain.
Encephalous \En*ceph"a*lous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a head; -- said of most Mollusca; -- opposed to
acephalous.
Enchafe \En*chafe"\, v. t.
To chafe; to enrage; to heat. [Obs.] --Shak.
Enchafing \En*chaf"ing\, n.
Heating; burning. [Obs.]
The wicked enchaufing or ardure of this sin [lust].
--Chaucer.
Enchain \En*chain"\, v. t. [F. encha[^i]ner; pref. en- (L. in)
cha[^i]ne chain. See {Chain}, and cf. {Incatenation}.]
1. To bind with a chain; to hold in chains.
2. To hold fast; to confine; as, to enchain attention.
3. To link together; to connect. --Howell.
Enchainment \En*chain"ment\, n. [Cf. F. encha[^i]nement.]
The act of enchaining, or state of being enchained.
Enchair \En*chair"\, v. t.
To seat in a chair. --Tennyson.
Enchannel \En*chan"nel\, v. t.
To make run in a channel. ``Its waters were enchanneled.''
--Sir D. Brewster.
Enchant \En*chant"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enchanted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enchanting}.] [F. enchanter, L. incantare to chant or
utter a magic formula over or against one, to bewitch; in in,
against + cantare to sing. See {Chant}, and cf.
{Incantation}.]
1. To charm by sorcery; to act on by enchantment; to get
control of by magical words and rites.
And now about the caldron sing, Like elves and
fairies in a ring, Enchanting all that you put in.
--Shak.
He is enchanted, cannot speak. --Tennyson.
2. To delight in a high degree; to charm; to enrapture; as,
music enchants the ear.
Arcadia was the charmed circle where all his spirits
forever should be enchanted. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Syn: To charm; bewitch; fascinate. Cf. {Charm}.
Enchanted \En*chant"ed\, a.
Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by
enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.
Enchanter \En*chant"er\, n. [Cf. F. enchanteur.]
One who enchants; a sorcerer or magician; also, one who
delights as by an enchantment.
Like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing. --Shelley.
{Enchanter's nightshade} (Bot.), a genus ({Circ[ae]a}) of low
inconspicuous, perennial plants, found in damp, shady
places.
Enchanting \En*chant"ing\, a.
Having a power of enchantment; charming; fascinating. --
{En*chant"ing*ly}, adv.
Enchantment \En*chant"ment\, n. [F. enchantement.]
1. The act of enchanting; the production of certain wonderful
effects by the aid of demons, or the agency of supposed
spirits; the use of magic arts, spells, or charms;
incantation.
After the last enchantment you did here. --Shak.
2. The effect produced by the act; the state of being
enchanted; as, to break an enchantment.
3. That which captivates the heart and senses; an influence
or power which fascinates or highly delights.
Such an enchantment as there is in words. --South.
Syn: Incantation; necromancy; magic; sorcery; witchcraft;
spell; charm; fascination; witchery.
Enchantress \En*chant"ress\, n. [Cf. F. enchanteresse.]
A woman versed in magical arts; a sorceress; also, a woman
who fascinates. --Shak.
Encharge \En*charge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Encharged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Encharging}.] [OF. enchargier, F. encharger; pref.
en- (L. in) + F. charger. See {Charge}.]
To charge (with); to impose (a charge) upon.
His countenance would express the spirit and the
passion of the part he was encharged with. --Jeffrey.
Encharge \En*charge"\, n.
A charge. [Obs.] --A. Copley.
Enchase \En*chase"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enchased}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enchasing}.] [F. ench[^a]sser; pref. en- (L. in) +
ch[^a]sse box containing relics, frame, case, the same word
as caisse case. See 1st {Case}, and cf. {Chase}, {Encase},
{Incase}.]
1. To incase or inclose in a border or rim; to surround with
an ornamental casing, as a gem with gold; to encircle; to
inclose; to adorn.
Enchased with a wanton ivy twine. --Spenser.
An precious stones, in studs of gold enchased, The
shaggy velvet of his buskins graced. --Mickle.
2. To chase; to ornament by embossing or engraving; as, to
enchase a watch case.
With golden letters . . . well enchased. --Spenser.
3. To delineate or describe, as by writing. [Obs.]
All which . . . for to enchase, Him needeth sure a
golden pen, I ween. --Spenser.
Enchaser \En*chas"er\, n.
One who enchases.
Enchasten \En*chas"ten\, v. t.
To chasten. [Obs.]
Encheson \En*che"son\, Encheason \En*chea"son\, n. [OF.
enchaison, fr. L. incidere to happen; in + cadere to fall.]
Occasion, cause, or reason. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enchest \En*chest"\, v. t. [Cf. {Inchest}.]
To inclose in a chest. --Vicars.
Enchiridion \En`chi*rid"i*on\, n. [L., from Gr. ?; ? in + ?
hand.]
Handbook; a manual of devotions. --Evelyn.
Enchisel \En*chis"el\, v. t.
To cut with a chisel.
Enchodus \En"cho*dus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a spear + ?, ?, a
tooth.] (Paleon.)
A genus of extinct Cretaceous fishes; -- so named from their
spear-shaped teeth. They were allied to the pike ({Esox}).
Enchondroma \En`chon*dro"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? in + ?
cartilage + -oma.] (Med.)
A cartilaginous tumor growing from the interior of a bone.
--Quain.
Enchorial \En*cho"ri*al\, Enchoric \En*chor"ic\, a. [Gr. ?
domestic, native; ? in + ? place, country.]
Belonging to, or used in, a country; native; domestic;
popular; common; -- said especially of the written characters
employed by the common people of ancient Egypt, in
distinction from the hieroglyphics. See {Demotic}.
Enchylemma \En`chy*lem"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? to pour in + ?
anything received.] (Biol.)
The basal substance of the cell nucleus; a hyaline or
granular substance, more or less fluid during life, in which
the other parts of the nucleus are imbedded.
Enchyma \En"chy*ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? an infusion; ? in + ? to
pour.] (Biol.)
The primitive formative juice, from which the tissues,
particularly the cellular tissue, are formed.
Encincture \En*cinc"ture\, n.
A cincture. [Poetic]
The vast encincture of that gloomy sea. --Wordsworth.
Encindered \En*cin"dered\, a.
Burnt to cinders. [R.]
Encircle \En*cir"cle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Encircled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Encircling}.] [Pref. en- + circle: cf. OF.
encercler.]
To form a circle about; to inclose within a circle or ring;
to surround; as, to encircle one in the arms; the army
encircled the city.
Her brows encircled with his serpent rod. --Parnell.
Syn: To encompass; surround; environ; inclose.
Encirclet \En*cir"clet\, n. [Encircle + -let.]
A small circle; a ring. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Enclasp \En*clasp"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + clasp. Cf. {Inclasp}.]
To clasp. See {Inclasp}.
Enclave \En*clave"\, n. [F., fr. L. in + clavus a nail.]
A tract of land or a territory inclosed within another
territory of which it is independent. See {Exclave}. [Recent]
Enclave \En*clave"\, v. t. [Cf. F. enclaver.]
To inclose within an alien territory. [Recent]
Enclavement \En*clave"ment\, n. [F.]
The state of being an enclave. [Recent]
Enclitic \En*clit"ic\, Enclitical \En*clit"ic*al\, a. [L.
encliticus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to incline; ? in + ? to bend. See
{In}, and {Lean}, v. i.] (Gram.)
Affixed; subjoined; -- said of a word or particle which leans
back upon the preceding word so as to become a part of it,
and to lose its own independent accent, generally varying
also the accent of the preceding word.
Enclitic \En*clit"ic\, n. (Gram.)
A word which is joined to another so closely as to lose its
proper accent, as the pronoun thee in prithee (pray thee).
Enclitically \En*clit"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In an enclitic manner; by throwing the accent back. --Walker.
Enclitics \En*clit"ics\, n. (Gram.)
The art of declining and conjugating words.
Encloister \En*clois"ter\, v. t. [Cf. {Incloister}.]
To shut up in a cloister; to cloister.
Enclose \En*close"\, v. t. [F. enclos, p. p. of enclore to
enclose; pref. en- (L. in) + clore to close. See {Close}, and
cf. {Inclose}, {Include}.]
To inclose. See {Inclose}.
Enclosure \En*clo"sure\ (?; 135), n.
Inclosure. See {Inclosure}.
Note: The words enclose and enclosure are written
indiscriminately enclose or inclose and enclosure or
inclosure.
Enclothe \En*clothe"\, v. t.
To clothe.
Encloud \En*cloud"\, v. t. [Cf. {Incloud}.]
To envelop in clouds; to cloud. [R.] --Spenser.
Encoach \En*coach"\, v. t. [Cf. {Incoach}.]
To carry in a coach. [R.] --Davies (Wit's Pilgr.)
Encoffin \En*cof"fin\, v. t.
To put in a coffin. [R.]
Encolden \En*cold"en\, v. t.
To render cold. [Obs.]
Encollar \En*col"lar\, v. t.
To furnish or surround with a collar. [R.]
Encolor \En*col"or\, v. t.
To color. [R.]
Encolure \En`co`lure"\, n. [F.]
The neck of horse. --R. Browning.
Encomber \En*com"ber\, v. t.
See {Encumber}. [Obs.]
Encomberment \En*com"ber*ment\, n. [See {Encumberment}.]
Hindrance; molestation.[Obs.] --Spenser.
Encomiast \En*co"mi*ast\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to praise, fr. ?
encomium: cf. F. encomiaste. See {Encomium}.]
One who praises; a panegyrist. --Locke.
Encomiastic \En*co`mi*as"tic\, Encomiastical
\En*co`mi*as"tic*al\, a. [Gr. ?.]
Bestowing praise; praising; eulogistic; laudatory; as, an
encomiastic address or discourse. -- {En*co`mi*as"tic*al*ly},
adv.
Encomiastic \En*co`mi*as"tic\, n.
A panegyric. --B. Jonson.
Encomion \En*co"mi*on\, n. [NL.]
Encomium; panegyric. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Encomium \En*co"mi*um\, n.; pl. {Encomiums}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? (a
song) chanted in a Bacchic festival in praise of the god; ?
in + ? a jovial festivity, revel. See {Comedy}.]
Warm or high praise; panegyric; strong commendation.
His encomiums awakened all my ardor. --W. Irving.
Syn: See {Eulogy}.
Encompass \En*com"pass\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Encompassed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Encompassing}.]
To circumscribe or go round so as to surround closely; to
encircle; to inclose; to environ; as, a ring encompasses the
finger; an army encompasses a city; a voyage encompassing the
world. --Shak.
A question may be encompassed with difficulty. --C. J.
Smith.
The love of all thy sons encompass thee. --Tennyson.
Syn: To encircle; inclose; surround; include; environ;
invest; hem in; shut up.
Encompassment \En*com"pass*ment\, n.
The act of surrounding, or the state of being surrounded;
circumvention.
By this encompassment and drift of question. --Shak.
Encore \En`core"\, adv. or interj. [F. The last part of the word
is fr. L. hora hour. See {Hour}.]
Once more; again; -- used by the auditors and spectators of
plays, concerts, and other entertainments, to call for a
repetition of a particular part.
Encore \En`core"\, n.
A call or demand (as, by continued applause) for a
repetition; as, the encores were numerous.
Encore \En`core"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Encored}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Encoring}.]
To call for a repetition or reappearance of; as, to encore a
song or a singer.
[Rebecca] insisted upon encoring one of the duets.
--Thackeray.
Encorporing \En*cor"po*ring\, n. [Pref. en- + L. corpus body.]
Incorporation. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Encoubert \En`cou`bert"\, n. [F., Pg. encorberto, encuberto,
lit., covered.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of armadillos of the genera {Dasypus}
and {Euphractus}, having five toes both on the fore and hind
feet.
Encounter \En*coun"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Encountered}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Encountering}.] [OF. encontrer; pref. en- (L.
in) + contre against, L. contra. See {Counter}, adv.]
To come against face to face; to meet; to confront, either by
chance, suddenly, or deliberately; especially, to meet in
opposition or with hostile intent; to engage in conflict
with; to oppose; to struggle with; as, to encounter a friend
in traveling; two armies encounter each other; to encounter
obstacles or difficulties, to encounter strong evidence of a
truth.
Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the
Stoics, encountered him. --Acts xvii.
18.
I am most fortunate thus accidentally to encounter you.
--Shak.
Encounter \En*coun"ter\, v. i.
To meet face to face; to have a meeting; to meet, esp. as
enemies; to engage in combat; to fight; as, three armies
encountered at Waterloo.
I will encounter with Andronicus. --Shak.
Perception and judgment, employed in the investigation
of all truth, have in the first place to encounter with
particulars. --Tatham.
Encounter \En*coun"ter\, n. [OF. encontre, fr. encontrer. See
{Encounter}, v. t.]
1. A meeting face to face; a running against; a sudden or
incidental meeting; an interview.
To shun the encounter of the vulgar crowd. --Pope.
2. A meeting, with hostile purpose; hence, a combat; a
battle; as, a bloody encounter.
As one for . . . fierce encounters fit. --Spenser.
To join their dark encounter in mid-air. --Milton
.
Syn: Contest; conflict; fight; combat; assault; rencounter;
attack; engagement; onset. See {Contest}.
Encounterer \En*coun"ter*er\, n.
One who encounters; an opponent; an antagonist. --Atterbury.
Encourage \En*cour"age\ (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Encouraged} (?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. {Encouraging}.] [F.
encourager; pref. en- (L. in) + courage courage. See
{Courage}.]
To give courage to; to inspire with courage, spirit, or hope;
to raise, or to increase, the confidence of; to animate;
enhearten; to incite; to help forward; -- the opposite of
discourage.
David encouraged himself in the Lord. --1 Sam. xxx.
6.
Syn: To embolden; inspirit; animate; enhearten; hearten;
incite; cheer; urge; impel; stimulate; instigate;
countenance; comfort; promote; advance; forward;
strengthen.
Encouragement \En*cour"age*ment\, n. [Cf. F. encouragement.]
1. The act of encouraging; incitement to action or to
practice; as, the encouragement of youth in generosity.
All generous encouragement of arts. --Otway.
2. That which serves to incite, support, promote, or advance,
as favor, countenance, reward, etc.; incentive; increase
of confidence; as, the fine arts find little encouragement
among a rude people.
To think of his paternal care, Is a most sweet
encouragement to prayer. --Byron.
Encourager \En*cour"a*ger\, n.
One who encourages, incites, or helps forward; a favorer.
The pope is . . . a great encourager of arts.
--Addison.
Encouraging \En*cour"a*ging\, a.
Furnishing ground to hope; inspiriting; favoring. --
{En*cour"a*ging*ly}, adv.
Encowl \En*cowl"\, v. t.
To make a monk (or wearer of a cowl) of. [R.] --Drayton.
Encradle \En*cra"dle\, v. t.
To lay in a cradle.
Encratite \En"cra*tite\, n. [L. Encratitae, pl., fr. Gr. ?
self-disciplined; ? in + ? strength.] (Eccl. Hist.)
One of a sect in the 2d century who abstained from marriage,
wine, and animal food; -- called also {Continent}.
Encrease \En*crease"\, v. t. &
i. [Obs.] See {Increase}.
Encrimson \En*crim"son\, v. t.
To give a crimson or red color to; to crimson. --Shak.
Encrinic \En*crin"ic\, Encrinal \En*cri"nal\, Encrinital
\En*crin"i*tal\, a. (Paleon.)
Relating to encrinites; containing encrinites, as certain
kinds of limestone.
Encrinite \En"cri*nite\, n. [Gr. ? in + ? a lily: cf. F.
encrinite.] (Paleon.)
A fossil crinoid, esp. one belonging to, or resembling, the
genus Encrinus. Sometimes used in a general sense for any
crinoid.
Encrinitic \En`cri*nit"ic\, Encrinitical \En`cri*nit"ic*al\, a.
(Paleon.)
Pertaining to encrinites; encrinal.
Encrinoidea \En`cri*noid"e*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Encrinus} and
{-oid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
That order of the Crinoidea which includes most of the living
and many fossil forms, having jointed arms around the margin
of the oral disk; -- also called Brachiata and Articulata.
See Illusts. under {Comatula} and {Crinoidea}.
Encrinus \En"cri*nus\, n.; pl. {Encrini}. [NL. See {Encrinite}.]
(Paleon.)
A genus of fossil encrinoidea, from the Mesozoic rocks.
Encrisped \En*crisped"\, a.
Curled. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Encroach \En*croach"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Encroached}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Encroaching}.] [OF. encrochier to perch, prop., to
hook, fasten a hook (perh. confused with acrochier, F.
accrocher, to hook, get hold of, E. accroach); pref. en- (L.
in) + F. croc hook. See {Crook}, and cf. {Accroach}.]
To enter by gradual steps or by stealth into the possessions
or rights of another; to trespass; to intrude; to trench; --
commonly with on or upon; as, to encroach on a neighbor; to
encroach on the highway.
No sense, faculty, or member must encroach upon or
interfere with the duty and office of another. --South.
Superstition, . . . a creeping and encroaching evil.
--Hooker.
Exclude the encroaching cattle from thy ground.
--Dryden.
Syn: To intrude; trench; infringe; invade; trespass.
Encroach \En*croach"\, n.
Encroachment. [Obs.] --South.
Encroacher \En*croach"er\, n.
One who by gradual steps enters on, and takes possession of,
what is not his own.
Encroachingly \En*croach"ing*ly\, adv.
By way of encroachment.
Encroachment \En*croach"ment\, n.
1. The act of entering gradually or silently upon the rights
or possessions of another; unlawful intrusion.
An unconstitutional encroachment of military power
on the civil establishment. --Bancroft.
2. That which is taken by encroaching on another.
3. (Law) An unlawful diminution of the possessions of
another.
Encrust \En*crust"\, v. t.
To incrust. See {Incrust}.
Encrustment \En*crust"ment\, n.
That which is formed as a crust; incrustment; incrustation.
Disengaging truth from its encrustment of error. --I.
Taylor.
Encumber \En*cum"ber\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Encumbered}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Encumbering}.] [F. encombrer; pref. en- (L. in) +
OF. combrer to hinder. See {Cumber}, and cf. {Incumber}.]
[Written also {incumber}.]
1. To impede the motion or action of, as with a burden; to
retard with something superfluous; to weigh down; to
obstruct or embarrass; as, his movements were encumbered
by his mantle; his mind is encumbered with useless
learning.
Not encumbered with any notable inconvenience.
--Hooker.
2. To load with debts, or other legal claims; as, to encumber
an estate with mortgages.
Syn: To load; clog; oppress; overload; embarrass; perplex;
hinder; retard; obstruct; check; block.
Encumberment \En*cum"ber*ment\, n. [Cf. F. encombrement.]
Encumbrance. [R.]
Encumbrance \En*cum"brance\, n. [Cf. OF. encombrance. Cf.
{Incumbrance}.]
1. That which encumbers; a burden which impedes action, or
renders it difficult and laborious; a clog; an impediment.
See {Incumbrance}.
2. (Law) Same as {Incumbrance}.
Syn: Burden; clog; impediment; check; hindrance.
Encumbrancer \En*cum"bran*cer\, n. (Law)
Same as {Incumbrancer}.
Encurtain \En*cur"tain\, v. t.
To inclose with curtains.
-ency \-en*cy\ [L. -entia.]
A noun suffix having much the same meaning as -ence, but more
commonly signifying the quality or state; as, emergency,
efficiency. See {-ancy}.
Encyclic \En*cyc"lic\, Encyclical \En*cyc"li*cal\, a. [L.
encyclios of a circle, general, Gr. ?; ? in + ? circle: cf.
F. encyclique. See {Cycle}.]
Sent to many persons or places; intended for many, or for a
whole order of men; general; circular; as, an encyclical
letter of a council, of a bishop, or the pope.
Encyclic \En*cyc"lic\, Encyclical \En*cyc"li*cal\, n.
An encyclical letter, esp. one from a pope. --Shipley.
Encyclopedia \En*cy`clo*pe"di*a\, Encyclopaedia
\En*cy`clo*p[ae]"di*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, for ? ?, instruction
in the circle of arts and sciences: cf. F. encyclop['e]die.
See {Cyclopedia}, and {Encyclical}.] [Formerly written
{encyclop[ae]dy} and {encyclopedy}.]
The circle of arts and sciences; a comprehensive summary of
knowledge, or of a branch of knowledge; esp., a work in which
the various branches of science or art are discussed
separately, and usually in alphabetical order; a cyclopedia.
Encyclopediacal \En*cy`clo*pe*di"a*cal\, a.
Encyclopedic.
Encyclopedian \En*cy`clo*pe"di*an\, a.
Embracing the whole circle of learning, or a wide range of
subjects.
Encyclopedic \En*cy`clo*ped"ic\, Encyclopedical
\En*cy`clo*ped"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. encyclop['e]dique.]
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, an encyclopedia;
embracing a wide range of subjects.
Encyclopedism \En*cy`clo*pe"dism\, n.
The art of writing or compiling encyclopedias; also,
possession of the whole range of knowledge; encyclopedic
learning.
Encyclopedist \En*cy`clo*pe"dist\, n. [Cf. F.
encyclop['e]diste.]
The compiler of an encyclopedia, or one who assists in such
compilation; also, one whose knowledge embraces the whole
range of the sciences.
{The Encyclopedists}, the writers of the great French
encyclopedia which appeared in 1751-1772. The editors were
Diderot and D'Alembert. Among the contributors were
Voltaire and Rousseau.
Encyst \En*cyst"\, v. t.
To inclose in a cyst.
Encystation \En`cys*ta"tion\, n.
Encystment.
Encysted \En*cyst"ed\, a.
Inclosed in a cyst, or a sac, bladder, or vesicle; as, an
encysted tumor.
The encysted venom, or poison bag, beneath the adder's
fang. --Coleridge.
Encystment \En*cyst"ment\, n.
1. (Biol.) A process which, among some of the lower forms of
life, precedes reproduction by budding, fission, spore
formation, etc.
Note: The animal (a) first contracts its body to a globular
mass (b) and then secretes a transparent cyst (c),
after which the mass divides into two or more parts (as
in d e), each of which attains freedom by the bursting
of the cyst, and becomes an individual animal.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A process by which many internal parasites,
esp. in their larval states, become inclosed within a cyst
in the muscles, liver, etc. See {Trichina}.
End \End\, n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind,
OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. ["a]nde, Dan.
ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. ????. Cf. {Ante-}, {Anti-},
{Answer}.]
1. The extreme or last point or part of any material thing
considered lengthwise (the extremity of breadth being
side); hence, extremity, in general; the concluding part;
termination; close; limit; as, the end of a field, line,
pole, road; the end of a year, of a discourse; put an end
to pain; -- opposed to {beginning}, when used of anything
having a first part.
Better is the end of a thing than the beginning
thereof. --Eccl. vii.
8.
2. Point beyond which no procession can be made; conclusion;
issue; result, whether successful or otherwise; conclusive
event; consequence.
My guilt be on my head, and there an end. --Shak.
O that a man might know The end of this day's
business ere it come! --Shak.
3. Termination of being; death; destruction; extermination;
also, cause of death or destruction.
Unblamed through life, lamented in thy end. --Pope.
Confound your hidden falsehood, and award Either of
you to be the other's end. --Shak.
I shall see an end of him. --Shak.
4. The object aimed at in any effort considered as the close
and effect of exertion; ppurpose; intention; aim; as, to
labor for private or public ends.
Losing her, the end of living lose. --Dryden.
When every man is his own end, all things will come
to a bad end. --Coleridge.
5. That which is left; a remnant; a fragment; a scrap; as,
odds and ends.
I clothe my naked villainy With old odd ends stolen
out of holy writ, And seem a saint, when most I play
the devil. --Shak.
6. (Carpet Manuf.) One of the yarns of the worsted warp in a
Brussels carpet.
{An end}.
(a) On end; upright; erect; endways. --Spenser
(b) To the end; continuously. [Obs.] --Richardson.
{End bulb} (Anat.), one of the bulblike bodies in which some
sensory nerve fibers end in certain parts of the skin and
mucous membranes; -- also called end corpuscles.
{End fly}, a bobfly.
{End for end}, one end for the other; in reversed order.
{End man}, the last man in a row; one of the two men at the
extremities of a line of minstrels.
{End on} (Naut.), bow foremost.
{End organ} (Anat.), the structure in which a nerve fiber
ends, either peripherally or centrally.
{End plate} (Anat.), one of the flat expansions in which
motor nerve fibers terminate on muscular fibers.
{End play} (Mach.), movement endwise, or room for such
movement.
{End stone} (Horol.), one of the two plates of a jewel in a
timepiece; the part that limits the pivot's end play.
{Ends of the earth}, the remotest regions of the earth.
{In the end}, finally. --Shak.
{On end}, upright; erect.
{To the end}, in order. --Bacon.
{To make both ends meet}, to live within one's income.
--Fuller.
{To put an end to}, to destroy.
End \End\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ended}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ending}.]
1. To bring to an end or conclusion; to finish; to close; to
terminate; as, to end a speech. ``I shall end this
strife.'' --Shak.
On the seventh day God ended his work. --Gen. ii. 2.
2. To form or be at the end of; as, the letter k ends the
word back.
3. To destroy; to put to death. ``This sword hath ended
him.'' --Shak.
{To end up}, to lift or tilt, so as to set on end; as, to end
up a hogshead.
End \End\, v. i.
To come to the ultimate point; to be finished; to come to a
close; to cease; to terminate; as, a voyage ends; life ends;
winter ends.
Endable \End"a*ble\, a.
That may be ended; terminable.
End-all \End"-all`\, n.
Complete termination. [R.]
That but this blow Might be the be-all and the end-all
here. --Shak.
Endamage \En*dam"age\ (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Endamaged}
(?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. {Endamaging}.] [Pref. en- + damage:
cf. F. endommager.]
To bring loss or damage to; to harm; to injure. [R.]
The trial hath endamaged thee no way. --Milton.
Endamageable \En*dam"age*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being damaged, or injured; damageable. [Obs.]
Endamagement \En*dam"age*ment\, n. [Cf. F. endommagement.]
Damage; injury; harm. [Obs.] --Shak.
Endamnify \En*dam"ni*fy\, v. t.
To damnify; to injure. [R.] --Sandys.
Endanger \En*dan"ger\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Endangered}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Endangering}.]
1. To put to hazard; to bring into danger or peril; to expose
to loss or injury; as, to endanger life or peace.
All the other difficulties of his reign only
exercised without endangering him. --Burke.
2. To incur the hazard of; to risk. [Obs.]
He that turneth the humors back . . . endangereth
malign ulcers. --Bacon.
Endangerment \En*dan"ger*ment\, n.
Hazard; peril. --Milton.
Endark \En*dark"\, v. t.
To darken. [Obs.] --Feltham.
Endaspidean \En`das*pid"e*an\, a. [Endo- + Gr. ?, ?, a shield.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having the anterior scutes extending around the tarsus on the
inner side; -- said of certain birds.
Endazzle \En*daz"zle\, v. t.
To dazzle. [Obs.] ``Endazzled eyes.'' --Milton.
Endear \En*dear"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Endeared}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Endearing}.]
1. To make dear or beloved. ``To be endeared to a king.''
--Shak.
2. To raise the price or cost of; to make costly or
expensive. [R.] --King James I. (1618).
Endearedly \En*dear"ed*ly\, adv.
With affection or endearment; dearly.
Endearedness \En*dear"ed*ness\, n.
State of being endeared.
Endearing \En*dear"ing\, a.
Making dear or beloved; causing love. -- {En*dear"ing*ly},
adv.
Endearment \En*dear"ment\, n.
The act of endearing or the state of being endeared; also,
that which manifests, excites, or increases, affection. ``The
great endearments of prudent and temperate speech.'' --Jer.
Taylor.
Her first endearments twining round the soul.
--Thomson.
Endeavor \En*deav"or\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Endeavored}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Endeavoring}.] [OE. endevor; pref. en- + dever,
devoir, duty, F. devoir: cf. F. se mettre en devoir de faire
quelque chose to try to do a thing, to go about it. See
{Devoir}, {Debt}.] [Written also {endeavour}.]
To exert physical or intellectual strength for the attainment
of; to use efforts to effect; to strive to achieve or reach;
to try; to attempt.
It is our duty to endeavor the recovery of these
beneficial subjects. --Ld. Chatham.
{To endeavor one's self}, to exert one's self strenuously to
the fulfillment of a duty. [Obs.] ``A just man that
endeavoreth himself to leave all wickedness.'' --Latimer.
Endeavor \En*deav"or\, v. i.
To exert one's self; to work for a certain end.
And such were praised who but endeavored well. --Pope.
Note: Usually with an infinitive; as, to endeavor to outstrip
an antagonist.
He had . . . endeavored earnestly to do his duty.
--Prescott.
Syn: To attempt; try; strive; struggle; essay; aim; seek.
Endeavor \En*deav"or\, n. [Written also endeavour.]
An exertion of physical or intellectual strength toward the
attainment of an object; a systematic or continuous attempt;
an effort; a trial.
To employ all my endeavor to obey you. --Sir P.
Sidney.
{To do one's endeavor}, to do one's duty; to put forth
strenuous efforts to attain an object; -- a phrase derived
from the Middle English phrase ``to do one's dever''
(duty). ``Mr. Prynne proceeded to show he had done
endeavor to prepare his answer.'' --Fuller.
Syn: Essay; trial; effort; exertion. See {Attempt}.
Endeavorer \En*deav"or*er\, n.
One who makes an effort or attempt. [Written also
{endeavourer}.]
Endeavorment \En*deav"or*ment\, n.
Act of endeavoring; endeavor. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Endecagon \En*dec"a*gon\, n. [See {Hendecagon}.] (Geom.)
A plane figure of eleven sides and angles.
Endecagynous \En`de*cag"y*nous\, a. [Gr. ? eleven + ? female.]
(Bot.)
Having eleven pistils; as, an endecagynous flower.
Endecane \En"de*cane\, n. [Gr. ? eleven.] (Chem.)
One of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series,
{C11H24}, found as a constituent of petroleum. [Written also
{hendecane}.]
Endecaphyllous \En`de*caph"yl*lous\, a. [Gr. ? eleven + ? leaf.]
(Bot.)
Composed of eleven leaflets; -- said of a leaf.
Endeictic \En*deic"tic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to point out, show; ?
in + ? to show.]
Serving to show or exhibit; as, an endeictic dialogue, in the
Platonic philosophy, is one which exhibits a specimen of
skill. --Enfield.
Endeixis \En*deix"is\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? indication. See
{Endeictic}.] (Med.)
An indication.
Endemial \En*de"mi*al\, a.
Endemic. [R.]
Endemic \En*de"mic\, Endemical \En*de"mic*al\, a. [Gr. ?, ?; ? +
? the people: cf. F. end['e]mique.] (Med.)
Peculiar to a district or particular locality, or class of
persons; as, an endemic disease.
Note: An endemic disease is one which is constantly present
to a greater or less degree in any place, as
distinguished from an epidemic disease, which prevails
widely at some one time, or periodically, and from a
sporadic disease, of which a few instances occur now
and then.
Endemic \En*dem"ic\, n. (Med.)
An endemic disease.
Fear, which is an endemic latent in every human heart,
sometimes rises into an epidemic. --J. B. Heard.
Endemically \En*dem"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In an endemic manner.
Endemiology \En*dem`i*ol"o*gy\, n.
The science which treats of endemic affections.
Endenization \En*den`i*za"tion\, n.
The act of naturalizing. [R.]
Endenize \En*den"ize\, v. t.
To endenizen. [Obs.]
Endenizen \En*den"i*zen\, v. t. [Pref. en- + denizen. Cf.
{Indenizen}.]
To admit to the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize.
[Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Ender \End"er\, n.
One who, or that which, makes an end of something; as, the
ender of my life.
Endermatic \En`der*mat"ic\, a.
Endermic.
Endermic \En*der"mic\, a. [Gr. ? in + ? skin.] (Med.)
Acting through the skin, or by direct application to the
skin.
{Endermic method}, that in which the medicine enters the
system through the skin, being applied either to the sound
skin, or to the surface denuded of the cuticle by a
blister.
Endermically \En*der"mic*al*ly\, adv.
By the endermic method; as, applied endermically.
Enderon \En"de*ron\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? in + ? skin.] (Anat.)
The deep sensitive and vascular layer of the skin and mucous
membranes. -- {En`de*ron"ic}, a.
Endiademed \En*di"a*demed\, a.
Diademed. [R.]
Endiaper \En*di"a*per\, v. t. [See {Diaper}.]
To decorate with a diaper pattern.
Endict \En*dict"\, v. t.
See {Indict}.
Endictment \En*dict"ment\, n.
See {Indictment}.
Ending \End"ing\, n.
1. Termination; concluding part; result; conclusion;
destruction; death.
2. (Gram.) The final syllable or letter of a word; the part
joined to the stem. See 3d {Case}, 5.
{Ending day}, day of death. --Chaucer.
Endite \En*dite\, v. t.
See {Indite}. --Spenser.
Endive \En"dive\, n. [F. endive (cf. Pr., Sp. Pg., & It.
endivia), fr. a deriv. of L. intibus, intybus, endive.]
(Bot.)
A composite herb ({Cichorium Endivia}). Its finely divided
and much curled leaves, when blanched, are used for salad.
{Wild endive} (Bot.), chicory or succory.
Endless \End"less\, a. [AS. endele['a]s. See {End}.]
1. Without end; having no end or conclusion; perpetual;
interminable; -- applied to length, and to duration; as,
an endless line; endless time; endless bliss; endless
praise; endless clamor.
2. Infinite; excessive; unlimited. --Shak.
3. Without profitable end; fruitless; unsatisfying. [R.]
``All loves are endless.'' --Beau. & Fl.
4. Void of design; objectless; as, an endless pursuit.
{Endless chain}, a chain which is made continuous by uniting
its two ends.
{Endless screw}. (Mech.) See under {Screw}.
Syn: Eternal; everlasting; interminable; infinite; unlimited;
incessant; perpetual; uninterrupted; continual;
unceasing; unending; boundless; undying; imperishable.
Endlessly \End"less*ly\, adv.
In an endless manner.
Endlessness \End"less*ness\, n. [AS. endele['a]snys.]
The quality of being endless; perpetuity.
Endlong \End"long`\ (?; 115), adv. & prep. [Cf. {Along}.]
Lengthwise; along. [Archaic]
The doors were all of adamants eterne, I-clenched
overthwart and endelong With iron tough. --Chaucer.
He pricketh endelong the large space. --Chaucer.
To thrust the raft endlong across the moat. --Sir W.
Scott.
Endmost \End"most`\, a.
Farthest; remotest; at the very end. --Tylor.
Endo- \En"do-\, End- \End-\ [Gr. 'e`ndon within, fr. ? in. See
{In}.]
A combining form signifying within; as, endocarp, endogen,
endocuneiform, endaspidean.
Endoblast \En"do*blast\, n. [Endo- + -blast.] (Biol.)
Entoblast; endoplast. See {Nucleus},
Endoblastic \En`do*blas"tic\, a. (Biol.)
Relating to the endoblast; as, the endoblastic layer.
Endocardiac \En`do*car"di*ac\, Endocardial \En`do*car"di*al\, a.
1. Pertaining to the endocardium.
2. (Med.) Seated or generated within the heart; as,
endocardial murmurs.
Endocarditis \En`do*car*di"tis\, n. [NL. See {-itis}.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the endocardium.
Endocardium \En`do*car"di*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within +
? heart.] (Anat.)
The membrane lining the cavities of the heart.
Endocarp \En"do*carp\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? fruit: cf. F.
endocarpe.] (Bot.)
The inner layer of a ripened or fructified ovary.
Endochondral \En`do*chon"dral\, a. [Endo- + Gr. ? cartilage.]
(Physiol.)
Growing or developing within cartilage; -- applied esp. to
developing bone.
Endochrome \En"do*chrome\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? color.] (Bot.)
The coloring matter within the cells of plants, whether
green, red, yellow, or any other color.
Endoctrine \En*doc"trine\, v. t. [Pref. en- + doctrine.]
To teach; to indoctrinate. [Obs.] --Donne.
Endocyst \En"do*cyst\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? bladder, a bag.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The inner layer of the cells of Bryozoa.
Endoderm \En"do*derm\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? skin.] (Biol.)
(a) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal.
(b) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures
derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See
Illust. of {Ectoderm}.
Endodermal \En`do*der"mal\, Endodermic \En`do*der"mic\, a.
(Biol.)
Of or pertaining to the endoderm.
Endodermis \En`do*der"mis\, n. [NL. See {Endoderm}.] (Bot.)
A layer of cells forming a kind of cuticle inside of the
proper cortical layer, or surrounding an individual
fibrovascular bundle.
Endogamous \En*dog"a*mous\, a. [Endo- + Gr. ? marriage.]
Marrying within the same tribe; -- opposed to exogamous.
Endogamy \En*dog"a*my\, n.
Marriage only within the tribe; a custom restricting a man in
his choice of a wife to the tribe to which he belongs; --
opposed to exogamy.
Endogen \En"do*gen\, n. [Endo- + -gen: cf. F. endog[`e]ne.]
(Bot.)
A plant which increases in size by internal growth and
elongation at the summit, having the wood in the form of
bundles or threads, irregularly distributed throughout the
whole diameter, not forming annual layers, and with no
distinct pith. The leaves of the endogens have, usually,
parallel veins, their flowers are mostly in three, or some
multiple of three, parts, and their embryos have but a single
cotyledon, with the first leaves alternate. The endogens
constitute one of the great primary classes of plants, and
included all palms, true lilies, grasses, rushes, orchids,
the banana, pineapple, etc. See {Exogen}.
Endogenesis \En`do*gen"e*sis\, n. [Endo- + genesis.] (Biol.)
Endogeny.
Endogenetic \En`do*ge*net"ic\, a. (Biol.)
Endogenous.
Endogenous \En*dog"e*nous\, a.
1. (Bot.) Increasing by internal growth and elongation at the
summit, instead of externally, and having no distinction
of pith, wood, and bark, as the rattan, the palm, the
cornstalk.
2. (Biol.) Originating from within; increasing by internal
growth.
{Endogenous multiplication} (Biol.), a method of cell
formation, seen in cells having a cell wall. The nucleus
and protoplasm divide into two distinct masses; these in
turn become divided and subdivided, each division becoming
a new cell, until finally the original cell wall is
ruptured and the new cells are liberated (see
{Segmentation}, and Illust. of {Cell Division}, under
{Division}). This mode of growth is characteristic of many
forms of cells, both animal and vegetable.
Endogenously \En*dog"e*nous*ly\, adv.
By endogenous growth.
Endogeny \En*dog"e*ny\, n. [See {Endogenesis}.] (Biol.)
Growth from within; multiplication of cells by endogenous
division, as in the development of one or more cells in the
interior of a parent cell.
Endognath \En"dog*nath\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? the jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
The inner or principal branch of the oral appendages of
Crustacea. See {Maxilla}.
Endognathal \En*dog"na*thal\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the endognath.
Endolymph \En"do*lymph\, n. [Endo- + lymph: cf. F. endolymphe.]
(Anat.)
The watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the
internal ear.
Endolymphangial \En"do*lym*phan"gi*al\, a. [Endo- +
lymphangial.] (Anat.)
Within a lymphatic vessel.
Endolymphatic \En"do*lym*phat"ic\, a. [Endo- + lymphatic.]
(Anat.)
(a) Pertaining to, or containing, endolymph; as, the
endolymphatic duct.
(b) Within a lymphatic vessel; endolymphangial.
Endome \En*dome"\, v. t.
To cover as with a dome.
Endometritis \En`do*me*tri"tis\, n. [NL. See {Endometrium}, and
{-itis}.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the endometrium.
Endometrium \En`do*me"tri*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within +
mh`tra the womb.] (Anat.)
The membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus, or womb.
Endomorph \En"do*morph\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? form.] (Min.)
A crystal of one species inclosed within one of another, as
one of rutile inclosed in quartz.
Endomysium \En`do*my"si*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within +
my^s a muscle.] (Anat.)
The delicate bands of connective tissue interspersed among
muscular fibers.
Endoneurium \En`do*neu"ri*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within +
? a sinew, nerve.] (Anat.)
The delicate bands of connective tissue among nerve fibers.
Endoparasite \En`do*par"a*site\, n. [Endo- + parasite.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any parasite which lives in the internal organs of an animal,
as the tapeworms, Trichina, etc.; -- opposed to ectoparasite.
See {Entozo["o]n}. -- {En`do*par`a*sit"ic}, a.
Endophloeum \En`do*phl[oe]"um\ ([e^]n`d[=o]*fl[=e]"[u^]m), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + floio`s bark.] (Bot.)
The inner layer of the bark of trees.
Endophragma \En`do*phrag"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon + fra`gma
a fence.] (Zo["o]l.)
A chitinous structure above the nervous cord in the thorax of
certain Crustacea.
Endophragmal \En`do*phrag"mal\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the endophragma.
Endophyllous \En*doph"yl*lous\, a. [Endo- + Gr. fy`llon leaf.]
(Bot.)
Wrapped up within a leaf or sheath.
Endoplasm \En"do*plasm\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? anything formed or
molded.] (Biol.)
The protoplasm in the interior of a cell.
Endoplasma \En`do*plas"ma\, n. [NL. See {Endoplasm}.] (Biol.)
Same as {Entoplasm} and {Endosarc}.
Endoplast \En"do*plast\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? to form.] (Biol.)
See {Nucleus}.
Endoplastica \En`do*plas"ti*ca\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? within +
? plastic.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of Rhizopoda having a distinct nucleus, as the
am[oe]ba.
Endoplastule \En`do*plas"tule\ (?; 135), n. [A dim. fr. endo- +
Gr. ? to mold.] (Biol.)
See {Nucleolus}.
Endopleura \En`do*pleu"ra\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? within + ? rib,
side. See {Pleura}.] (Bot.)
The inner coating of a seed. See {Tegmen}.
Endopleurite \En`do*pleu"rite\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? a rib.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The portion of each apodeme developed from the interepimeral
membrane in certain crustaceans.
Endopodite \En*dop"o*dite\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ?, ?, a foot.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The internal or principal branch of the locomotive appendages
of Crustacea. See {Maxilliped}.
Endorhiza \En`do*rhi"za\, n.; pl. {Endorhiz[ae]}. [NL., fr. Gr.
? within + ? root.] (Bot.)
Any monocotyledonous plant; -- so named because many
monocotyledons have an endorhizal embryo.
Note: Endorhiza was proposed by Richard as a substitute for
the term endogen, and exorhiza as a substitute for the
term exogen; but they have not been generally adopted.
Endorhizal \En`do*rhi"zal\, Endorhizous \En`do*rhi"zous\, a.
(Bot.)
Having the radicle of the embryo sheathed by the cotyledon,
through which the embryo bursts in germination, as in many
monocotyledonous plants.
Endorse \En*dorse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Endorsed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Endorsing}.] [Formerly endosse, fr. F. endosser to
put on the back, to endorse; pref. en- (L. in) + dos back, L.
dorsum. See {Dorsal}, and cf. {Indorse}.]
Same as {Indorse}.
Note: Both endorse and indorse are used by good writers; but
the tendency is to the more general use of indorse and
its derivatives indorsee, indorser, and indorsement.
Endorse \En*dorse"\, n. (Her.)
A subordinary, resembling the pale, but of one fourth its
width (according to some writers, one eighth).
Endorsee \En`dor*see"\, n.
Same as {Indorsee}.
Endorsement \En*dorse"ment\, n. [Cf. F. endossement.]
Same as {Indorsement}.
Endorser \En*dors"er\, n.
Same as {Indorser}.
Endosarc \En"do*sarc\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ?, ?, flesh.] (Biol.)
The semifluid, granular interior of certain unicellular
organisms, as the inner layer of sarcode in the am[oe]ba;
entoplasm; endoplasta.
Endoscope \En"do*scope\, n. [Endo- + -scope.] (Med.)
An instrument for examining the interior of the rectum, the
urethra, and the bladder.
Endoscopy \En*dos"co*py\, n. (Med.)
The art or process of examining by means of the endoscope.
Endoskeletal \En`do*skel"e*tal\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or connected with, the endoskeleton; as,
endoskeletal muscles.
Endoskeleton \En`do*skel"e*ton\, n. [Endo- + skeleton.] (Anat.)
The bony, cartilaginous, or other internal framework of an
animal, as distinguished from the exoskeleton.
Endosmometer \En`dos*mom"e*ter\, n. [Endosmose + -meter.]
(Physics)
An instrument for measuring the force or amount of endosmotic
action.
Endosmometric \En*dos`mo*met"ric\, a.
Pertaining to, or designed for, the measurement of endosmotic
action.
Endosmose \En"dos*mose`\, Endosmosis \En`dos*mo"sis\, n. [NL.
endosmosis, fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + ? a thrusting,
impulsion, fr. ? to push: cf. F. endosmose.] (Physics)
The transmission of a fluid or gas from without inward in the
phenomena, or by the process, of osmose.
Endosmosmic \En`dos*mos"mic\, a.
Endosmotic.
Endosmotic \En`dos*mot"ic\, a.
Pertaining to endosmose; of the nature endosmose; osmotic.
--Carpenter.
Endosperm \En"do*sperm\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? seed.] (Bot.)
The albumen of a seed; -- limited by recent writers to that
formed within the embryo sac.
Endospermic \En`do*sper"mic\, a. (Bot.)
Relating to, accompanied by, or containing, endosperm.
Endospore \En"do*spore\, n. [Endo- + spore.] (Bot.)
The thin inner coat of certain spores.
Endosporous \En`do*spor"ous\, a. (Bot.)
Having the spores contained in a case; -- applied to fungi.
Endoss \En*doss"\ (?; 115), v. t. [F. endosser. See {Endorse}.]
To put upon the back or outside of anything; -- the older
spelling of endorse. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Endosteal \En*dos"te*al\, a. (Physiol.)
Relating to endostosis; as, endosteal ossification.
Endosternite \En`do*ster"nite\, n. [Endo- + sternum.] (Zo["o]l.)
The part of each apodeme derived from the intersternal
membrane in Crustacea and insects.
Endosteum \En*dos"te*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ? a bone.]
(Anat.)
The layer of vascular connective tissue lining the medullary
cavities of bone.
Endostoma \En*dos"to*ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ?, ?, the mouth.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A plate which supports the labrum in certain Crustacea.
Endostome \En"do*stome\, n. [See {Endostoma}.]
1. (Bot.) The foramen or passage through the inner integument
of an ovule.
2. (Zo["o]l.) And endostoma.
Endostosis \En`dos*to"sis\, n. [NL. See {Endo-}, and {Ostosis}.]
(Physiol.)
A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place
within the substance of the cartilage.
Endostyle \En"do*style\, n. [Endo- + Gr. ? a pillar.] (Zo["o]l.)
A fold of the endoderm, which projects into the blood cavity
of ascidians. See {Tunicata}.
Endotheca \En`do*the"ca\, n. [NL., from Gr. 'e`ndon within +
qh`kh a case, box, fr. ? to place.] (Zo["o]l.)
The tissue which partially fills the interior of the
interseptal chambers of most madreporarian corals. It usually
consists of a series of oblique tranverse septa, one above
another. -- {En`do*the"cal}, a.
Endothecium \En`do*the"ci*um\, n. [NL. See {Endotheca}.] (Bot.)
The inner lining of an anther cell.
Endothelial \En`do*the"li*al\, a. (Anat.)
Of, or relating to, endothelium.
Endothelium \En`do*the"li*um\, n.; pl. {Endothelia}. [NL., fr.
Gr. 'e`ndon within + ? nipple.] (Anat.)
The thin epithelium lining the blood vessels, lymphatics, and
serous cavities. See {Epithelium}.
Endotheloid \En`do*the"loid\, a. [Endothelium + -oid.] (Anat.)
Like endothelium.
Endothorax \En`do*tho"rax\, n. [Endo- + thorax.] (Zo["o]l.)
An internal process of the sternal plates in the thorax of
insects.
Endow \En*dow"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Endowed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Endowing}.] [OF. endouer; pref. en- (L. in) + F. douer to
endow, L. dotare. See {Dower}, and cf. 2d {Endue}.]
1. To furnish with money or its equivalent, as a permanent
fund for support; to make pecuniary provision for; to
settle an income upon; especially, to furnish with dower;
as, to endow a wife; to endow a public institution.
Endowing hospitals and almshouses. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
2. To enrich or furnish with anything of the nature of a gift
(as a quality or faculty); -- followed by with, rarely by
of; as, man is endowed by his Maker with reason; to endow
with privileges or benefits.
Endower \En*dow"er\, v. t. [Cf. OF. endouairer. See {Dower},
{Endow}.]
To endow. [Obs.] --Waterhouse.
Endower \En*dow"er\, n.
One who endows.
Endowment \En*dow"ment\, n.
1. The act of bestowing a dower, fund, or permanent provision
for support.
2. That which is bestowed or settled on a person or an
institution; property, fund, or revenue permanently
appropriated to any object; as, the endowment of a church,
a hospital, or a college.
3. That which is given or bestowed upon the person or mind;
gift of nature; accomplishment; natural capacity; talents;
-- usually in the plural.
His early endowments had fitted him for the work he
was to do. --I. Taylor.
Endozoa \En`do*zo"a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + ? an
animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Entozoa}.
Endrudge \En*drudge"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + drudge.]
To make a drudge or slave of. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Endue \En*due"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Endued}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Enduing}.] [L. induere, prob. confused with E. endow. See
{Indue}.]
To invest. --Latham.
Tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued
with power from on high. --Luke xxiv.
49.
Endue them . . . with heavenly gifts. --Book of
Common Prayer.
Endue \En*due"\, v. t.
An older spelling of {Endow}. --Tillotson.
Enduement \En*due"ment\, n.
Act of enduing; induement.
Endurable \En*dur"a*ble\, a. [Cf. OF. endurable. See {Endure}.]
Capable of being endured or borne; sufferable. --Macaulay. --
{En*dur"a*ble*ness}, n.
Endurably \En*dur"a*bly\, adv.
In an endurable manner.
Endurance \En*dur"ance\, n. [Cf. OF. endurance. See {Endure}.]
1. A state or quality of lasting or duration; lastingness;
continuance.
Slurring with an evasive answer the question
concerning the endurance of his own possession.
--Sir W.
Scott.
2. The act of bearing or suffering; a continuing under pain
or distress without resistance, or without being overcome;
sufferance; patience.
Their fortitude was most admirable in their patience
and endurance of all evils, of pain and of death.
--Sir W.
Temple.
Syn: Suffering; patience; fortitude; resignation.
Endurant \En*dur"ant\, a.
Capable of enduring fatigue, pain, hunger, etc.
The ibex is a remarkably endurant animal. --J. G. Wood.
Endure \En*dure"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Endured}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enduring}.] [F. endurer; pref. en- (L. in) + durer to
last. See {Dure}, v. i., and cf. {Indurate}.]
1. To continue in the same state without perishing; to last;
to remain.
Their verdure still endure. --Shak.
He shall hold it [his house] fast, but it shall not
endure. --Job viii.
15.
2. To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer
patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity;
to hold out.
Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong
in the days that I shall deal with thee? --Ezek.
xxii. 14.
Endure \En*dure"\, v. t.
1. To remain firm under; to sustain; to undergo; to support
without breaking or yielding; as, metals endure a certain
degree of heat without melting; to endure wind and
weather.
Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure, As
might the strokes of two such arms endure. --Dryden.
2. To bear with patience; to suffer without opposition or
without sinking under the pressure or affliction; to bear
up under; to put up with; to tolerate.
I will no longer endure it. --Shak.
Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sake.
--2 Tim. ii.
10.
How can I endure to see the evil that shall come
unto my people? --Esther viii.
6.
3. To harden; to toughen; to make hardy. [Obs.]
Manly limbs endured with little ease. --Spenser.
Syn: To last; remain; continue; abide; brook; submit to;
suffer.
Endurement \En*dure"ment\, n. [Cf. OF. endurement.]
Endurance. [Obs.] --South.
Endurer \En*dur"er\, n.
One who, or that which, endures or lasts; one who bears,
suffers, or sustains.
Enduring \En*dur"ing\, a.
Lasting; durable; long-suffering; as, an enduring
disposition. ``A better and enduring substance.'' --Heb. x.
34. -- {En*dur"ing*ly}, adv. --T. Arnold. --
{En*dur"ing*ness}, n.
Endways \End"ways`\, Endwise \End"wise\, adv.
1. On end; erectly; in an upright position.
2. With the end forward.
Endyma \En"dy*ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a garment.] (Anat.)
See {Ependyma}.
Endysis \En"dy*sis\, n.; pl. {Endyses}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a
putting on, fr. ? to put on.] (Biol.)
The act of developing a new coat of hair, a new set of
feathers, scales, etc.; -- opposed to ecdysis.
Enecate \En"e*cate\, v. t. [L. enecatus, p. p. of enecare; e
out, utterly + necare to kill.]
To kill off; to destroy. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Eneid \E*ne"id\, n.
Same as {[AE]neid}.
Enema \En"e*ma\, n.; pl. L. {Enemata}. [L. enema, Gr. ?, fr. ?
to send in; ? in + ? to send.] (Med.)
An injection, or clyster, thrown into the rectum as a
medicine, or to impart nourishment. --Hoblyn.
Enemy \En"e*my\, n.; pl. {Enemies}. [OF. enemi, F. ennemi, from
L. inimicus; in- (negative) + amicus friend. See {Amicable}.]
One hostile to another; one who hates, and desires or
attempts the injury of, another; a foe; an adversary; as, an
enemy of or to a person; an enemy to truth, or to falsehood.
To all good he enemy was still. --Spenser.
I say unto you, Love your enemies. --Matt. v. 44.
{The enemy} (Mil.), the hostile force. In this sense it is
construed with the verb and pronoun either in the singular
or the plural, but more commonly in the singular; as, we
have met the enemy and he is ours or they are ours.
It was difficult in such a country to track the
enemy. It was impossible to drive him to bay.
--Macaulay.
Syn: Foe; antagonist; opponent. See {Adversary}.
Enemy \En"e*my\, a.
Hostile; inimical. [Obs.]
They . . . every day grow more enemy to God. --Jer.
Taylor.
Enepidermic \En*ep`i*der"mic\, a. [Pref. en- (Gr. ?) +
epidermic.] (Med.)
Applied to the skin without friction; -- said of medicines.
Energetic \En`er*get"ic\, Energetical \En`er*get"ic*al\, a. [Gr.
?, fr. ? to work, be active, fr. ? active. See {Energy}.]
1. Having energy or energies; possessing a capacity for
vigorous action or for exerting force; active. ``A Being
eternally energetic.'' --Grew.
2. Exhibiting energy; operating with force, vigor, and
effect; forcible; powerful; efficacious; as, energetic
measures; energetic laws.
Syn: Forcible; powerful; efficacious; potent; vigorous;
effective; strenuous. -- {En`er*get"ic*al*ly}, adv. --
{En`er*get"ic*al*ness}, n.
Energetics \En`er*get"ics\, n.
That branch of science which treats of the laws governing the
physical or mechanical, in distinction from the vital,
forces, and which comprehends the consideration and general
investigation of the whole range of the forces concerned in
physical phenomena. [R.]
Energic \En*er"gic\, Energical \En*er"gic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
['e]nergique.]
1. In a state of action; acting; operating.
2. Having energy or great power; energetic.
The energic faculty that we call will. --Blackw.
Mag.
Energize \En"er*gize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Energized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Energizing}.] [From {Energy}.]
To use strength in action; to act or operate with force or
vigor; to act in producing an effect.
Of all men it is true that they feel and energize
first, they reflect and judge afterwards. --J. C.
Shairp.
Energize \En"er*gize\, v. t.
To give strength or force to; to make active; to alacrify;
as, to energize the will.
Energizer \En"er*gi`zer\, n.
One who, or that which, gives energy, or acts in producing an
effect.
Energizing \En"er*gi`zing\, a.
Capable of imparting or exercising energy.
Those nobler exercises of energizing love. --Bp.
Horsley.
Energumen \En`er*gu"men\, n. [L. energumenos, fr. Gr. ?
possessed by an evil spirit, from ?: cf. F. ['e]nergum[`e]ne.
See {Energetic}.] (Eccl. Antiq.)
One possessed by an evil spirit; a demoniac.
Energy \En"er*gy\, n.; pl. {Energies}. [F. ['e]nergie, LL.
energia, fr. Gr.?, fr. ? active; ? in + ? work. See {In}, and
{Work}.]
1. Internal or inherent power; capacity of acting, operating,
or producing an effect, whether exerted or not; as, men
possessing energies may suffer them to lie inactive.
The great energies of nature are known to us only by
their effects. --Paley.
2. Power efficiently and forcibly exerted; vigorous or
effectual operation; as, the energy of a magistrate.
3. Strength of expression; force of utterance; power to
impress the mind and arouse the feelings; life; spirit; --
said of speech, language, words, style; as, a style full
of energy.
4. (Physics) Capacity for performing work.
Note: The kinetic energy of a body is the energy it has in
virtue of being in motion. It is measured by one half
of the product of the mass of each element of the body
multiplied by the square of the velocity of the
element, relative to some given body or point. The
available kinetic energy of a material system
unconnected with any other system is that energy which
is due to the motions of the parts of the system
relative to its center of mass. The potential energy of
a body or system is that energy which is not kinetic;
-- energy due to configuration. Kinetic energy is
sometimes called actual energy. Kinetic energy is
exemplified in the vis viva of moving bodies, in heat,
electric currents, etc.; potential energy, in a bent
spring, or a body suspended a given distance above the
earth and acted on by gravity.
{Accumulation}, {Conservation}, {Correlation}, & {Degradation
of energy}, etc. (Physics) See under {Accumulation},
{Conservation}, {Correlation}, etc.
Syn: Force; power; potency; vigor; strength; spirit;
efficiency; resolution.
Enervate \E*ner"vate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enervated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enervating}.] [L. enervatus, p. p. of enervare, fr.
enervis nerveless, weak; e out + nervus nerve. See {Nerve}.]
To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or courage; to render
feeble or impotent; to make effeminate; to impair the moral
powers of.
A man . . . enervated by licentiousness. --Macaulay.
And rhyme began t' enervate poetry. --Dryden.
Syn: To weaken; enfeeble; unnerve; debilitate.
Enervate \E*ner"vate\, a. [L. enervatus, p. p.]
Weakened; weak; without strength of force. --Pope.
Enervation \En`er*va"tion\, n. [L. enervatio: cf. F.
['e]nervation.]
1. The act of weakening, or reducing strength.
2. The state of being weakened; effeminacy. --Bacon.
Enervative \E*ner"va*tive\, a.
Having power, or a tendency, to enervate; weakening. [R.]
Enerve \E*nerve"\, v. t. [Cf. F. ['e]nerver. See {Enervate}.]
To weaken; to enervate. [Obs.] --Milton.
Enervous \E*nerv"ous\, a. [L. enervis, enervus.]
Lacking nerve or force; enervated. [R.]
Enfamish \En*fam"ish\, v. t.
To famish; to starve.
Enfect \En*fect"\, a. [See {Infect}, a.]
Contaminated with illegality. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enfeeble \En*fee"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enfeebled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enfeebling}.] [OF. enfeblir, enfeiblir; pref. en- (L.
in) + feble, F. faible, feeble. See {Feeble}.]
To make feeble; to deprive of strength; to reduce the
strength or force of; to weaken; to debilitate.
Enfeebled by scanty subsistence and excessive toil.
--Prescott.
Syn: To weaken; debilitate; enervate.
Enfeeblement \En*fee"ble*ment\, n.
The act of weakening; enervation; weakness.
Enfeebler \En*fee"bler\, n.
One who, or that which, weakens or makes feeble.
Enfeeblish \En*fee"blish\, v. i.
To enfeeble. [Obs.] --Holland.
Enfeloned \En*fel"oned\, a. [Pref. en- + felon: cf. OF.
enfelonner.]
Rendered fierce or frantic. [Obs.] ``Like one enfeloned or
distraught.'' --Spenser.
Enfeoff \En*feoff"\ (?; see {Feoff}, 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Enfeoffed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Enfeoffing}.] [Pref. en- +
feoff, fief: cf. LL. infeofare, OF. enfeffer, enfeofer.]
1. (Law) To give a feud, or right in land, to; to invest with
a fief or fee; to invest (any one) with a freehold estate
by the process of feoffment. --Mozley & W.
2. To give in vassalage; to make subservient. [Obs.]
[The king] enfeoffed himself to popularity. --Shak.
Enfeoffment \En*feoff"ment\, n. (Law)
(a) The act of enfeoffing.
(b) The instrument or deed by which one is invested with
the fee of an estate.
Enfester \En*fes"ter\, v. t.
To fester. [Obs.] ``Enfestered sores.'' --Davies (Holy
Roode).
Enfetter \En*fet"ter\, v. t.
To bind in fetters; to enchain. ``Enfettered to her love.''
--Shak.
Enfever \En*fe"ver\, v. t. [Pref. en- + fever: cf. F.
enfi['e]vrer.]
To excite fever in. [R.] --A. Seward.
Enfierce \En*fierce"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enfierced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enfiercing}.]
To make fierce. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enfilade \En`fi*lade"\ (?; 277), n. [F., fr. enfiler to thread,
go trough a street or square, rake with shot; pref. en- (L.
in) + fil thread. See {File} a row.]
1. A line or straight passage, or the position of that which
lies in a straight line. [R.]
2. (Mil.) A firing in the direction of the length of a
trench, or a line of parapet or troops, etc.; a raking
fire.
Enfilade \En`fi*lade"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enfiladed}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Enfilading}.] (Mil.)
To pierce, scour, or rake with shot in the direction of the
length of, as a work, or a line of troops. --Campbell.
Enfiled \En*filed"\, p. a. [F. enfiler to pierce, thread.]
(Her.)
Having some object, as the head of a man or beast, impaled
upon it; as, a sword which is said to be ``enfiled of'' the
thing which it pierces.
Enfire \En*fire"\, v. t.
To set on fire. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enflesh \En*flesh"\, v. t.
To clothe with flesh. [Obs.]
Vices which are . . . enfleshed in him. --Florio.
Enflower \En*flow"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enflowered}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Enflowering}.]
To cover or deck with flowers. [Poetic]
These odorous and enflowered fields. --B. Jonson.
Enfold \En*fold"\, v. t.
To infold. See {Infold}.
Enfoldment \En*fold"ment\, n.
The act of infolding. See {Infoldment}.
Enforce \En*force"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enforced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enforcing}.] [OF. enforcier to strengthen, force, F.
enforcir; pref. en- (L. in) + F. force. See {Force}.]
1. To put force upon; to force; to constrain; to compel; as,
to enforce obedience to commands.
Inward joy enforced my heart to smile. --Shak.
2. To make or gain by force; to obtain by force; as, to
enforce a passage. ``Enforcing furious way.'' --Spenser.
3. To put in motion or action by violence; to drive.
As swift as stones Enforced from the old Assyrian
slings. --Shak.
4. To give force to; to strengthen; to invigorate; to urge
with energy; as, to enforce arguments or requests.
Enforcing sentiment of the thrust humanity. --Burke.
5. To put in force; to cause to take effect; to give effect
to; to execute with vigor; as, to enforce the laws.
6. To urge; to ply hard; to lay much stress upon.
Enforce him with his envy to the people. --Shak.
Enforce \En*force\, v. i.
1. To attempt by force. [Obs.]
2. To prove; to evince. [R.] --Hooker.
3. To strengthen; to grow strong. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enforce \En*force"\, n.
Force; strength; power. [Obs.]
A petty enterprise of small enforce. --Milton.
Enforceable \En*force"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being enforced.
Enforced \En*forced"\, a.
Compelled; forced; not voluntary. ``Enforced wrong.''
``Enforced smiles.'' --Shak. -- {En*for"ced*ly}, adv. --Shak.
Enforcement \En*force"ment\, n. [Cf. OF. enforcement.]
1. The act of enforcing; compulsion.
He that contendeth against these enforcements may
easily master or resist them. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Confess 't was hers, and by what rough enforcement
You got it from her. --Shak.
2. A giving force to; a putting in execution.
Enforcement of strict military discipline.
--Palfrey.
3. That which enforces, constraints, gives force, authority,
or effect to; constraint; force applied.
The rewards and punishment of another life, which
the Almighty has established as the enforcements of
his law. --Locke.
Enforcer \En*for"cer\, n.
One who enforces.
Enforcible \En*for"ci*ble\, a.
That may be enforced.
Enforcive \En*for"cive\, a.
Serving to enforce or constrain; compulsive. --Marsion. --
{En*for"cive*ly}, adv.
Enforest \En*for"est\, v. t.
To turn into a forest.
Enform \En*form"\, v. t. [F. enformer. See {Inform}.]
To form; to fashion. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enfouldred \En*foul"dred\, a. [Pref. en- + OF. fouldre, foldre,
lightning, F. foudre, L. fulgur.]
Mixed with, or emitting, lightning. [Obs.] ``With foul
enfouldred smoke.'' --Spenser.
Enframe \En*frame"\, v. t.
To inclose, as in a frame.
Enfranchise \En*fran"chise\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enfranchised};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Enfranchising}.] [Pref. en- + franchise: cf.
F. enfranchir.]
1. To set free; to liberate from slavery, prison, or any
binding power. --Bacon.
2. To endow with a franchise; to incorporate into a body
politic and thus to invest with civil and political
privileges; to admit to the privileges of a freeman.
3. To receive as denizens; to naturalize; as, to enfranchise
foreign words. --I. Watts.
Enfranchisement \En*fran"chise*ment\, n.
1. Releasing from slavery or custody. --Shak.
2. Admission to the freedom of a corporation or body politic;
investiture with the privileges of free citizens.
{Enfranchisement of copyhold} (Eng. Law), the conversion of a
copyhold estate into a freehold. --Mozley & W.
Enfranchiser \En*fran"chis*er\, n.
One who enfranchises.
Enfree \En*free"\, v. t.
To set free. [Obs.] ``The enfreed Antenor.'' --Shak.
Enfreedom \En*free"dom\, v. t.
To set free. [Obs.] --Shak.
Enfreeze \En*freeze"\, v. t.
To freeze; to congeal. [Obs.]
Thou hast enfrozened her disdainful breast. --Spenser.
Enfroward \En*fro"ward\, v. t.
To make froward, perverse, or ungovernable. [Obs.] --Sir E.
Sandys.
Engage \En*gage"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engaged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Engaging}.] [F. engager; pref. en- (L. in) + gage pledge,
pawn. See {Gage}.]
1. To put under pledge; to pledge; to place under obligations
to do or forbear doing something, as by a pledge, oath, or
promise; to bind by contract or promise. ``I to thee
engaged a prince's word.'' --Shak.
2. To gain for service; to bring in as associate or aid; to
enlist; as, to engage friends to aid in a cause; to engage
men for service.
3. To gain over; to win and attach; to attract and hold; to
draw.
Good nature engages everybody to him. --Addison.
4. To employ the attention and efforts of; to occupy; to
engross; to draw on.
Thus shall mankind his guardian care engage. --Pope.
Taking upon himself the difficult task of engaging
him in conversation. --Hawthorne.
5. To enter into contest with; to encounter; to bring to
conflict.
A favorable opportunity of engaging the enemy.
--Ludlow.
6. (Mach.) To come into gear with; as, the teeth of one
cogwheel engage those of another, or one part of a clutch
engages the other part.
Engage \En*gage"\, v. i.
1. To promise or pledge one's self; to enter into an
obligation; to become bound; to warrant.
How proper the remedy for the malady, I engage not.
--Fuller.
2. To embark in a business; to take a part; to employ or
involve one's self; to devote attention and effort; to
enlist; as, to engage in controversy.
3. To enter into conflict; to join battle; as, the armies
engaged in a general battle.
4. (Mach.) To be in gear, as two cogwheels working together.
Engaged \En*gaged"\, a.
1. Occupied; employed; busy.
2. Pledged; promised; especially, having the affections
pledged; promised in marriage; affianced; betrothed.
3. Greatly interested; of awakened zeal; earnest.
4. Involved; esp., involved in a hostile encounter; as, the
engaged ships continued the fight.
{Engaged column}. (Arch.) Same as {Attached column}. See
under {Attach}, v. t.
Engagedly \En*ga"ged*ly\, adv.
With attachment; with interest; earnestly.
Engagedness \En*ga"ged*ness\, n.
The state of being deeply interested; earnestness; zeal.
Engagement \En*gage"ment\, n. [Cf. F. engagement.]
1. The act of engaging, pledging, enlisting, occupying, or
entering into contest.
2. The state of being engaged, pledged or occupied; specif.,
a pledge to take some one as husband or wife.
3. That which engages; engrossing occupation; employment of
the attention; obligation by pledge, promise, or contract;
an enterprise embarked in; as, his engagements prevented
his acceptance of any office.
Religion, which is the chief engagement of our
league. --Milton.
4. (Mil.) An action; a fight; a battle.
In hot engagement with the Moors. --Dryden.
5. (Mach.) The state of being in gear; as, one part of a
clutch is brought into engagement with the other part.
Syn: Vocation; business; employment; occupation; promise;
stipulation; betrothal; word; battle; combat; fight;
contest; conflict. See {Battle}.
Engager \En*ga"ger\, n.
One who enters into an engagement or agreement; a surety.
Several sufficient citizens were engagers. --Wood.
Engaging \En*ga"ging\, a.
Tending to draw the attention or affections; attractive; as,
engaging manners or address. -- {En*ga"ging*ly}, adv. --
{En*ga"ging*ness}, n.
{Engaging and disengaging} {gear or machinery}, that in
which, or by means of which, one part is alternately
brought into gear or out of gear with another part, as
occasion may require.
Engallant \En*gal"lant\, v. t.
To make a gallant of. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Engaol \En*gaol"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + gaol: cf. OF. engaoler,
engeoler. See {Gaol}, and cf. {Enjail}.]
To put in jail; to imprison. [Obs.] --Shak.
Engarboil \En*gar"boil\, v. t. [Pref. en- + garboil.]
To throw into disorder; to disturb. [Obs.] ``To engarboil the
church.'' --Bp. Montagu.
Engarland \En*gar"land\, v. t. [Pref. en- + garland: cf. F.
enguirlander.]
To encircle with a garland, or with garlands. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Engarrison \En*gar"ri*son\, v. t.
To garrison; to put in garrison, or to protect by a garrison.
--Bp. Hall.
Engastrimuth \En*gas"tri*muth\, n. [Gr. ?; ? in + ? belly + ? to
speak: cf. F. engastrimythe.]
An ventriloquist. [Obs.]
Engender \En*gen"der\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engendered}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Engendering}.] [F. engender, L. ingenerare; in +
generare to beget. See {Generate}, and cf. {Ingenerate}.]
1. To produce by the union of the sexes; to beget. [R.]
2. To cause to exist; to bring forth; to produce; to sow the
seeds of; as, angry words engender strife.
Engendering friendship in all parts of the common
wealth. --Southey.
Syn: To breed; generate; procreate; propagate; occasion; call
forth; cause; excite; develop.
Engender \En*gen"der\, v. i.
1. To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or
produced.
Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender there.
--Dryden.
2. To come together; to meet, as in sexual embrace. ``I saw
their mouths engender.'' --Massinger.
Engender \En*gen"der\, n.
One who, or that which, engenders.
Engendrure \En`gen*drure"\, n. [OF. engendreure.]
The act of generation. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Engild \En*gild"\, v. t.
To gild; to make splendent.
Fair Helena, who most engilds the night. --Shak.
Engine \En"gine\, n. [F. engin skill, machine, engine, L.
ingenium natural capacity, invention; in in + the root of
gignere to produce. See {Genius}, and cf. {Ingenious}, {Gin}
a snare.]
1. (Pronounced, in this sense, ????.) Natural capacity;
ability; skill. [Obs.]
A man hath sapiences three, Memory, engine, and
intellect also. --Chaucer.
2. Anything used to effect a purpose; any device or
contrivance; an agent. --Shak.
You see the ways the fisherman doth take To catch
the fish; what engines doth he make? --Bunyan.
Their promises, enticements, oaths, tokens, and all
these engines of lust. --Shak.
3. Any instrument by which any effect is produced;
especially, an instrument or machine of war or torture.
``Terrible engines of death.'' --Sir W. Raleigh.
4. (Mach.) A compound machine by which any physical power is
applied to produce a given physical effect.
{Engine driver}, one who manages an engine; specifically, the
engineer of a locomotive.
{Engine lathe}. (Mach.) See under {Lathe}.
{Engine tool}, a machine tool. --J. Whitworth.
{Engine turning} (Fine Arts), a method of ornamentation by
means of a rose engine.
Note: The term engine is more commonly applied to massive
machines, or to those giving power, or which produce
some difficult result. Engines, as motors, are
distinguished according to the source of power, as
steam engine, air engine, electro-magnetic engine; or
the purpose on account of which the power is applied,
as fire engine, pumping engine, locomotive engine; or
some peculiarity of construction or operation, as
single-acting or double-acting engine, high-pressure or
low-pressure engine, condensing engine, etc.
Engine \En"gine\, v. t.
1. To assault with an engine. [Obs.]
To engine and batter our walls. --T. Adams.
2. To equip with an engine; -- said especially of steam
vessels; as, vessels are often built by one firm and
engined by another.
3. (Pronounced, in this sense, ?????.) To rack; to torture.
[Obs.] --Chaucer.
Engineer \En`gi*neer"\, n. [OE. enginer: cf. OF. engignier, F.
ing['e]nieur. See {Engine}, n.]
1. A person skilled in the principles and practice of any
branch of engineering. See under {Engineering}, n.
2. One who manages as engine, particularly a steam engine; an
engine driver.
3. One who carries through an enterprise by skillful or
artful contrivance; an efficient manager. [Colloq.]
{Civil engineer}, a person skilled in the science of civil
engineering.
{Military engineer}, one who executes engineering works of a
military nature. See under {Engineering}.
Engineer \En`gi*neer"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engineered}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Engineering}.]
1. To lay out or construct, as an engineer; to perform the
work of an engineer on; as, to engineer a road. --J.
Hamilton.
2. To use contrivance and effort for; to guide the course of;
to manage; as, to engineer a bill through Congress.
[Colloq.]
Engineering \En`gi*neer"ing\, n.
Originally, the art of managing engines; in its modern and
extended sense, the art and science by which the mechanical
properties of matter are made useful to man in structures and
machines; the occupation and work of an engineer.
Note: In a comprehensive sense, engineering includes
architecture as a mechanical art, in distinction from
architecture as a fine art. It was formerly divided
into military engineering, which is the art of
designing and constructing offensive and defensive
works, and civil engineering, in a broad sense, as
relating to other kinds of public works, machinery,
etc.
{Civil engineering}, in modern usage, is strictly the art of
planning, laying out, and constructing fixed public works,
such as railroads, highways, canals, aqueducts, water
works, bridges, lighthouses, docks, embankments,
breakwaters, dams, tunnels, etc.
{Mechanical engineering} relates to machinery, such as steam
engines, machine tools, mill work, etc.
{Mining engineering} deals with the excavation and working of
mines, and the extraction of metals from their ores, etc.
Engineering is further divided into steam engineering, gas
engineering, agricultural engineering, topographical
engineering, electrical engineering, etc.
Engineman \En"gine*man\, n.; pl. {Enginemen}.
A man who manages, or waits on, an engine.
Enginer \En"gin*er\, n. [See {Engineer}.]
A contriver; an inventor; a contriver of engines. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Enginery \En"gine*ry\, n.
1. The act or art of managing engines, or artillery.
--Milton.
2. Engines, in general; instruments of war.
Training his devilish enginery. --Milton.
3. Any device or contrivance; machinery; structure or
arrangement. --Shenstone.
Engine-sized \En"gine-sized`\, a.
Sized by a machine, and not while in the pulp; -- said of
paper. --Knight.
Enginous \En"gi*nous\, a. [OF. engignos. See {Ingenious}.]
1. Pertaining to an engine. [Obs.]
That one act gives, like an enginous wheel, Motion
to all. --Decker.
2. Contrived with care; ingenious. [Obs.]
The mark of all enginous drifts. --B. Jonson.
Engird \En*gird"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engirded} or {Engirt}
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. {Engirding}.] [Pref. en- + gird. Cf.
{Ingirt}.]
To gird; to encompass. --Shak.
Engirdle \En*gir"dle\, v. t.
To surround as with a girdle; to girdle.
Engirt \En*girt"\, v. t.
To engird. [R.] --Collins.
Engiscope \En"gi*scope\, n. [Gr. ? near + -scope.] (Opt.)
A kind of reflecting microscope. [Obs.]
Englaimed \En*glaimed"\, a. [OE. engleimen to smear, gleim
birdlime, glue, phlegm.]
Clammy. [Obs.]
Engle \En"gle\, n. [OE. enghle to coax or cajole. Cf. {Angle} a
hook, one easily enticed, a gull, {Ingle}.]
A favorite; a paramour; an ingle. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Engle \En"gle\, v. t.
To cajole or coax, as favorite. [Obs.]
I 'll presently go and engle some broker. --B. Jonson.
English \Eng"lish\, a. [AS. Englisc, fr. Engle, Angle, Engles,
Angles, a tribe of Germans from the southeast of Sleswick, in
Denmark, who settled in Britain and gave it the name of
England. Cf. {Anglican}.]
Of or pertaining to England, or to its inhabitants, or to the
present so-called Anglo-Saxon race.
{English bond} (Arch.) See 1st {Bond}, n., 8.
{English breakfast tea}. See {Congou}.
{English horn}. (Mus.) See {Corno Inglese}.
{English walnut}. (Bot.) See under {Walnut}.
English \Eng"lish\, n.
1. Collectively, the people of England; English people or
persons.
2. The language of England or of the English nation, and of
their descendants in America, India, and other countries.
Note: The English language has been variously divided into
periods by different writers. In the division most
commonly recognized, the first period dates from about
450 to 1150. This is the period of full inflection, and
is called Anglo-Saxon, or, by many recent writers, Old
English. The second period dates from about 1150 to
1550 (or, if four periods be recognized, from about
1150 to 1350), and is called Early English, Middle
English, or more commonly (as in the usage of this
book), Old English. During this period most of the
inflections were dropped, and there was a great
addition of French words to the language. The third
period extends from about 1350 to 1550, and is Middle
English. During this period orthography became
comparatively fixed. The last period, from about 1550,
is called Modern English.
3. A kind of printing type, in size between Pica and Great
Primer. See {Type}.
Note: The type called English.
4. (Billiards) A twist or spinning motion given to a ball in
striking it that influences the direction it will take
after touching a cushion or another ball.
{The} {King's, or Queen's}, {English}. See under {King}.
English \Eng"lish\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Englished}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Englishing}.]
1. To translate into the English language; to Anglicize;
hence, to interpret; to explain.
Those gracious acts . . . may be Englished more
properly, acts of fear and dissimulation. --Milton.
Caxton does not care to alter the French forms and
words in the book which he was Englishing. --T. L.
K. Oliphant.
2. (Billiards) To strike (the cue ball) in such a manner as
to give it in addition to its forward motion a spinning
motion, that influences its direction after impact on
another ball or the cushion. [U.S.]
Englishable \Eng"lish*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being translated into, or expressed in, English.
Englishism \Eng"lish*ism\, n.
1. A quality or characteristic peculiar to the English. --M.
Arnold.
2. A form of expression peculiar to the English language as
spoken in England; an Anglicism.
Englishman \Eng"lish*man\ (-man), n.; pl. {Englishmen} (-men).
A native or a naturalized inhabitant of England.
Englishry \Eng"lish*ry\, n.
1. The state or privilege of being an Englishman. [Obs.]
--Cowell.
2. A body of English or people of English descent; --
commonly applied to English people in Ireland.
A general massacre of the Englishry. --Macaulay.
Englishwoman \Eng"lish*wom`an\, n.; pl. {Englishwomen}.
Fem. of {Englishman}. --Shak.
Engloom \En*gloom"\, v. t.
To make gloomy. [R.]
Englue \En*glue"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + glue: cf. F. engluer to
smear with birdlime.]
To join or close fast together, as with glue; as, a coffer
well englued. --Gower.
Englut \En*glut"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Englutted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Englutting}.] [Pref. en- + glut: cf. F. engloutir.]
1. To swallow or gulp down. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. To glut. [Obs.] ``Englutted with vanity.'' --Ascham.
Engore \En*gore"\, v. t.
1. To gore; to pierce; to lacerate. [Obs.]
Deadly engored of a great wild boar. --Spenser.
2. To make bloody. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Engorge \En*gorge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engorged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Engorging}.] [Pref. en- + gorge: cf. F. engorger to
obstruct, cram.]
1. To gorge; to glut. --Mir. for Mag.
2. To swallow with greediness or in large quantities; to
devour. --Spenser.
Engorge \En*gorge"\, v. i.
To feed with eagerness or voracity; to stuff one's self with
food. --Beaumont.
Engorged \En*gorged"\, p. a.
1. Swallowed with greediness, or in large draughts.
2. (Med.) Filled to excess with blood or other liquid;
congested.
Engorgement \En*gorge"ment\, n. [Cf. F. engorgement.]
1. The act of swallowing greedily; a devouring with voracity;
a glutting.
2. (Med.) An overfullness or obstruction of the vessels in
some part of the system; congestion. --Hoblyn.
3. (Metal.) The clogging of a blast furnace.
Engouled \En*gouled"\, a. (Her.)
Partly swallowed; disappearing in the jaws of anything; as,
an infant engouled by a serpent; said also of an ordinary,
when its two ends to issue from the mouths of lions, or the
like; as, a bend engouled.
Engoul'ee \En`gou`l['e]e"\, a. [F., p. p. of engouler to swallow
up; pref. en- (L. in) + gueule mouth.] (Her.)
Same as {Engouled}.
Engraff \En*graff"\, v. t. [See {Ingraft}.]
To graft; to fix deeply. [Obs.]
Engraffment \En*graff"ment\, n.
See {Ingraftment}. [Obs.]
Engraft \En*graft"\, v. t.
See {Ingraft}. --Shak.
Engraftation \En`graf*ta"tion\, Engraftment \En*graft"ment\, n.
The act of ingrafting; ingraftment. [R.]
Engrail \En*grail"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engrailed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Engrailing}.] [F. engr[^e]ler; pref. en- (L. in) +
gr[^e]le hail. See {Grail} gravel.]
1. To variegate or spot, as with hail.
A caldron new engrailed with twenty hues. --Chapman.
2. (Her.) To indent with small curves. See {Engrailed}.
Engrail \En*grail"\, v. i.
To form an edging or border; to run in curved or indented
lines. --Parnell.
Engrailed \En*grailed"\, a. (Her.)
Indented with small concave curves, as the edge of a bordure,
bend, or the like.
Engrailment \En*grail"ment\, n.
1. The ring of dots round the edge of a medal, etc. --Brande
& C.
2. (Her.) Indentation in curved lines, as of a line of
division or the edge of an ordinary.
Engrain \En*grain"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engrained}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Engraining}.] [Pref. en- + grain. Cf. {Ingrain}.]
1. To dye in grain, or of a fast color. See {Ingrain}.
Leaves engrained in lusty green. --Spenser.
2. To incorporate with the grain or texture of anything; to
infuse deeply. See {Ingrain}.
The stain hath become engrained by time. --Sir W.
Scott.
3. To color in imitation of the grain of wood; to grain. See
{Grain}, v. t., 1.
Engrapple \En*grap"ple\, v. t. & i.
To grapple. [Obs.]
Engrasp \En*grasp"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engrasped}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Engrasping}.]
To grasp; to grip. [R.] --Spenser.
Engrave \En*grave"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + grave a tomb. Cf.
{Engrave} to carve.]
To deposit in the grave; to bury. [Obs.] ``Their corses to
engrave.'' --Spenser.
Engrave \En*grave"\, v. t. [imp. {Engraved}; p. p. {Engraved} or
{Engraven}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Engraving}.] [Pref. en- + grave
to carve: cf. OF. engraver.]
1. To cut in; to make by incision. [Obs.]
Full many wounds in his corrupted flesh He did
engrave. --Spenser.
2. To cut with a graving instrument in order to form an
inscription or pictorial representation; to carve figures;
to mark with incisions.
Like . . . . a signet thou engrave the two stones
with the names of the children of Israel. --Ex.
xxviii. 11.
3. To form or represent by means of incisions upon wood,
stone, metal, or the like; as, to engrave an inscription.
4. To impress deeply; to infix, as if with a graver.
Engrave principles in men's minds. --Locke.
Engraved \En*graved"\, a.
1. Made by engraving or ornamented with engraving.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having the surface covered with irregular,
impressed lines.
Engravement \En*grave"ment\, n.
1. Engraving.
2. Engraved work. [R.] --Barrow.
Engraver \En*grav"er\, n.
One who engraves; a person whose business it is to produce
engraved work, especially on metal or wood.
Engravery \En*grav"er*y\, n.
The trade or work of an engraver. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Engraving \En*grav"ing\, n.
1. The act or art of producing upon hard material incised or
raised patterns, characters, lines, and the like;
especially, the art of producing such lines, etc., in the
surface of metal plates or blocks of wood. Engraving is
used for the decoration of the surface itself; also, for
producing an original, from which a pattern or design may
be printed on paper.
2. That which is engraved; an engraved plate.
3. An impression from an engraved plate, block of wood, or
other material; a print.
Note: Engraving on wood is called xylography; on copper,
chalcography; on stone lithography. Engravings or
prints take from wood blocks are usually called wood
cuts, those from stone, lithographs.
Engregge \En*greg"ge\, v. t. [OF. engregier, from (assumed) LL.
ingreviare; in + (assumed) grevis heavy, for L. gravis. Cf.
{Aggravate}.]
To aggravate; to make worse; to lie heavy on. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Engrieve \En*grieve"\, v. t.
To grieve. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Engross \En*gross"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engrossed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Engrossing}.] [F., fr. pref. en- (L. in) + gros
gross, grosse, n., an engrossed document: cf. OF. engrossir,
engroissier, to make thick, large, or gross. See {Gross}.]
1. To make gross, thick, or large; to thicken; to increase in
bulk or quantity. [Obs.]
Waves . . . engrossed with mud. --Spenser.
Not sleeping, to engross his idle body. --Shak.
2. To amass. [Obs.]
To engross up glorious deeds on my behalf. --Shak.
3. To copy or write in a large hand (en gross, i. e., in
large); to write a fair copy of in distinct and legible
characters; as, to engross a deed or like instrument on
parchment.
Some period long past, when clerks engrossed their
stiff and formal chirography on more substantial
materials. --Hawthorne.
Laws that may be engrossed on a finger nail. --De
Quincey.
4. To seize in the gross; to take the whole of; to occupy
wholly; to absorb; as, the subject engrossed all his
thoughts.
5. To purchase either the whole or large quantities of, for
the purpose of enhancing the price and making a profit;
hence, to take or assume in undue quantity, proportion, or
degree; as, to engross commodities in market; to engross
power.
{Engrossed bill} (Legislation), one which has been plainly
engrossed on parchment, with all its amendments,
preparatory to final action on its passage.
{Engrossing hand} (Penmanship), a fair, round style of
writing suitable for engrossing legal documents,
legislative bills, etc.
Syn: To absorb; swallow up; imbibe; consume; exhaust; occupy;
forestall; monopolize. See {Absorb}.
Engrosser \En*gross"er\, n.
1. One who copies a writing in large, fair characters.
2. One who takes the whole; a person who purchases such
quantities of articles in a market as to raise the price;
a forestaller. --Locke.
Engrossment \En*gross"ment\, n.
1. The act of engrossing; as, the engrossment of a deed.
Engrossments of power and favor. --Swift.
2. That which has been engrossed, as an instrument,
legislative bill, goods, etc.
Enguard \En*guard"\, v. t.
To surround as with a guard. [Obs.] --Shak.
Engulf \En*gulf"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Engulfed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Engulfing}.] [Pref. en- + gulf: cf. OF. engolfer. Cf.
{Ingulf}.]
To absorb or swallow up as in a gulf.
It quite engulfs all human thought. --Young.
Syn: See {Absorb}.
Engulfment \En*gulf"ment\, n.
A swallowing up as if in a gulf. [R.]
Engyn \En*gyn"\
Variant of {Engine}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enhalo \En*ha"lo\, v. t.
To surround with a halo.
Enhance \En*hance"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enhanced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enhancing}.] [Norm. F. enhauncer, enhaucer, OF.
enhaleier, enhaucier; pref. en- (L. in) + haucier to lift,
raise up, from an assumed L. altiare, fr. L. altus high; cf.
Pr. enansar, enanzar, to advance, exalt, and E. advance. See
{Altitude}, and cf. {Hawser}.]
1. To raise or lift up; to exalt. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Who, naught aghast, his mighty hand enhanced.
--Spenser.
2. To advance; to augment; to increase; to heighten; to make
more costly or attractive; as, to enhance the price of
commodities; to enhance beauty or kindness; hence, also,
to render more heinous; to aggravate; as, to enhance
crime.
The reputation of ferocity enhanced the value of
their services, in making them feared as well as
hated. --Southey.
Enhance \En*hance"\, v. i.
To be raised up; to grow larger; as, a debt enhances rapidly
by compound interest.
Enhancement \En*hance"ment\, n.
The act of increasing, or state of being increased;
augmentation; aggravation; as, the enhancement of value,
price, enjoyments, crime.
Enhancer \En*han"cer\, n.
One who enhances; one who, or that which, raises the amount,
price, etc.
Enharbor \En*har"bor\, v. t.
To find harbor or safety in; to dwell in or inhabit. --W.
Browne.
Enharden \En*hard"en\, v. t. [Pref. en- + harden: cf. F.
enhardir to embolden.]
To harden; to embolden. [Obs.] --Howell.
Enharmonic \En`har*mon"ic\, Enharmonical \En`har*mon"ic*al\, a.
[Gr. ? ?, ? fitting, accordant; ? in + ? harmony: cf. F.
enharmonique.]
1. (Anc. Mus.) Of or pertaining to that one of the three
kinds of musical scale (diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic)
recognized by the ancient Greeks, which consisted of
quarter tones and major thirds, and was regarded as the
most accurate.
2. (Mus.)
(a) Pertaining to a change of notes to the eye, while, as
the same keys are used, the instrument can mark no
difference to the ear, as the substitution of A[flat]
for G[sharp].
(b) Pertaining to a scale of perfect intonation which
recognizes all the notes and intervals that result
from the exact tuning of diatonic scales and their
transposition into other keys.
Enharmonically \En`har*mon"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In the enharmonic style or system; in just intonation.
Enhearten \En*heart"en\, v. t.
To give heart to; to fill with courage; to embolden.
The enemy exults and is enheartened. --I. Taylor.
Enhedge \En*hedge"\, v. t.
To surround as with a hedge. [R.] --Vicars.
Enhort \En*hort"\, v. t. [OF. enhorter, enorter, L. inhortari.
Cf. {Exhort}.]
To encourage. [Obs.] ``To enhort the people.'' --Chaucer.
Enhunger \En*hun"ger\, v. t.
To make hungry.
Those animal passions which vice had . . . enhungered
to feed on innocence and life. --J.
Martineau.
Enhydros \En*hy"dros\, n. [NL. See {Enhydrous}.] (Min.)
A variety of chalcedony containing water.
Enhydrous \En*hy"drous\, a. [Gr. ?; ? in + ? water.]
Having water within; containing fluid drops; -- said of
certain crystals.
Enigma \E*nig"ma\, n.; pl. {Enigmas}. [L. aenigma, Gr. ?, fr. ?
to speak darkly, fr. ? tale, fable.]
1. A dark, obscure, or inexplicable saying; a riddle; a
statement, the hidden meaning of which is to be discovered
or guessed.
A custom was among the ancients of proposing an
enigma at festivals. --Pope.
2. An action, mode of action, or thing, which cannot be
satisfactorily explained; a puzzle; as, his conduct is an
enigma.
Enigmatic \E`nig*mat"ic\ (?; 277), Enigmatical
\E`nig*mat"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]nigmatique.]
Relating to or resembling an enigma; not easily explained or
accounted for; darkly expressed; obscure; puzzling; as, an
enigmatical answer.
Enigmatically \E`nig*mat"ic*al*ly\, adv.
Darkly; obscurely.
Enigmatist \E*nig"ma*tist\, n. [Gr. ?.]
One who makes, or talks in, enigmas. --Addison.
Enigmatize \E*nig"ma*tize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Enigmatized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Enigmatizing}.]
To make, or talk in, enigmas; to deal in riddles.
Enigmatography \E*nig`ma*tog"ra*phy\, Enigmatology
\E*nig`ma*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, an enigma + -graphy, -logy.]
The art of making or of solving enigmas.
Enisled \En*isled"\, p. a.
Placed alone or apart, as if on an island; severed, as an
island. [R.] ``In the sea of life enisled.'' --M. Arnold.
Enjall \En*jall"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enjailed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enjailing}.] [Pref. en- + jail. Cf. {Engaol}.]
To put into jail; to imprison. [R.] --Donne.
Enjoin \En*join"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enjoined}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enjoining}.] [F. enjoindre, L. injungere to join into,
charge, enjoin; in + jungere to join. See {Join}, and cf.
{Injunction}.]
1. To lay upon, as an order or command; to give an injunction
to; to direct with authority; to order; to charge.
High matter thou enjoin'st me. --Milton.
I am enjoined by oath to observe three things.
--Shak.
2. (Law) To prohibit or restrain by a judicial order or
decree; to put an injunction on.
This is a suit to enjoin the defendants from
disturbing the plaintiffs. --Kent.
Note: Enjoin has the force of pressing admonition with
authority; as, a parent enjoins on his children the
duty of obedience. But it has also the sense of
command; as, the duties enjoined by God in the moral
law. ``This word is more authoritative than direct, and
less imperious than command.'' --Johnson.
Enjoin \En*join"\, v. t.
To join or unite. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Enjoiner \En*join"er\, n.
One who enjoins.
Enjoinment \En*join"ment\, n.
Direction; command; authoritative admonition. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Enjoy \En*joy"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enjoyed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Enjoying}.] [OF. enjoier to receive with joy; pref. en- (L.
in) + OF. & F. joie joy: cf. OF. enjoir to enjoy. See {Joy}.]
1. To take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or
experience of; to feel or perceive with pleasure; to be
delighted with; as, to enjoy the dainties of a feast; to
enjoy conversation.
2. To have, possess, and use with satisfaction; to occupy or
have the benefit of, as a good or profitable thing, or as
something desirable; as, to enjoy a free constitution and
religious liberty.
That the children of Israel may enjoy every man the
inheritance of his fathers. --Num. xxxvi.
8.
To enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season. --Heb.
xi. 25.
3. To have sexual intercourse with. --Milton.
{To enjoy one's self}, to feel pleasure; to be happy.
Enjoy \En*joy"\, v. i.
To take satisfaction; to live in happiness. [R.] --Milton.
Enjoyable \En*joy"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being enjoyed or of giving joy; yielding
enjoyment. --Milton.
Enjoyer \En*joy"er\, n.
One who enjoys.
Enjoyment \En*joy"ment\, n.
1. The condition of enjoying anything; pleasure or
satisfaction, as in the possession or occupancy of
anything; possession and use; as, the enjoyment of an
estate.
2. That which gives pleasure or keen satisfaction.
The hope of everlasting enjoyments. --Glanvill.
Syn: Pleasure; satisfaction; gratification; fruition;
happiness; felicity; delight.
Enkennel \En*ken"nel\, v. t.
To put into a kennel.
Enkerchiefed \En*ker"chiefed\, a.
Bound with a kerchief; draped; hooded; covered. --Milton.
That soft, enkerchiefed hair. --M. Arnold.
Enkindle \En*kin"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enkindled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enkindling}.]
1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle. --Shak.
2. To excite; to rouse into action; to incite.
To enkindle the enthusiasm of an artist. --Talfourd.
Enlace \En*lace"\, v. t.
To bind or encircle with lace, or as with lace; to lace; to
encircle; to enfold; hence, to entangle.
Ropes of pearl her neck and breast enlace. --P.
Fletcher.
Enlacement \En*lace"ment\, n.
The act of enlacing, or state of being enlaced; a surrounding
as with a lace.
Enlard \En*lard"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + lard: cf. OF. enlarder to
put on the spit, Pr. & Sp. enlardar to rub with grease,
baste.]
To cover or dress with lard or grease; to fatten. --Shak.
Enlarge \En*large"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enlarged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enlarging}.] [OF. enlargier; pref. en- (L. in) + F.
large wide. See {Large}.]
1. To make larger; to increase in quantity or dimensions; to
extend in limits; to magnify; as, the body is enlarged by
nutrition; to enlarge one's house.
To enlarge their possessions of land. --Locke.
2. To increase the capacity of; to expand; to give free scope
or greater scope to; also, to dilate, as with joy,
affection, and the like; as, knowledge enlarges the mind.
O ye Corinthians, our . . . heart is enlarged. --2
Cor. vi. 11.
3. To set at large or set free. [Archaic]
It will enlarge us from all restraints. --Barrow.
{Enlarging hammer}, a hammer with a slightly rounded face of
large diameter; -- used by gold beaters. --Knight.
{To enlarge an} {order or rule} (Law), to extend the time for
complying with it. --Abbott.
{To enlarge one's self}, to give free vent to speech; to
spread out discourse. ``They enlarged themselves on this
subject.'' --Clarendon.
{To enlarge the heart}, to make free, liberal, and
charitable.
Syn: To increase; extend; expand; spread; amplify; augment;
magnify. See {Increase}.
Enlarge \En*large"\, v. i.
1. To grow large or larger; to be further extended; to
expand; as, a plant enlarges by growth; an estate enlarges
by good management; a volume of air enlarges by
rarefaction.
2. To speak or write at length; to be diffuse in speaking or
writing; to expatiate; to dilate.
To enlarge upon this theme. --M. Arnold.
3. (Naut.) To get more astern or parallel with the vessel's
course; to draw aft; -- said of the wind.
Enlarged \En*larged"\, a.
Made large or larger; extended; swollen. -- {En*lar"ged*ly},
adv. -- {En*lar"ged*ness}, n.
Enlargement \En*large"ment\, n.
1. The act of increasing in size or bulk, real or apparent;
the state of being increased; augmentation; further
extension; expansion.
2. Expansion or extension, as of the powers of the mind;
ennoblement, as of the feelings and character; as, an
enlargement of views, of knowledge, of affection.
3. A setting at large, or being set at large; release from
confinement, servitude, or distress; liberty.
Give enlargement to the swain. --Shak.
4. Diffusiveness of speech or writing; expatiation; a wide
range of discourse or argument.
An enlargement upon the vices and corruptions that
were got into the army. --Clarendon.
Enlarger \En*lar"ger\, n.
One that enlarges.
Enlay \En*lay"\, v. t.
See {Inlay}.
Enlengthen \En*length"en\, v. t.
To lengthen. [Obs.]
Enleven \En*lev"en\, n.
Eleven. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enlight \En*light"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + light. Cf. {Enlighten}.]
To illumine; to enlighten. [R.]
Which from the first has shone on ages past, Enlights
the present, and shall warm the last. --Pope.
Enlighten \En*light"en\, v. t. [Pref. en- + lighten: cf. AS.
inl[=i]htan. Cf. {Enlight}.]
1. To supply with light; to illuminate; as, the sun
enlightens the earth.
His lightnings enlightened the world. --Ps. xcvii.
4.
2. To make clear to the intellect or conscience; to shed the
light of truth and knowledge upon; to furnish with
increase of knowledge; to instruct; as, to enlighten the
mind or understanding.
The conscience enlightened by the Word and Spirit of
God. --Trench.
Enlightener \En*light"en*er\, n.
One who enlightens or illuminates; one who, or that which,
communicates light to the eye, or clear views to the mind.
Enlightenment \En*light"en*ment\, n.
Act of enlightening, or the state of being enlightened or
instructed.
Enlimn \En*limn"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + limn. Cf. {Enlumine},
{Illuminate}.]
To adorn by illuminating or ornamenting with colored and
decorated letters and figures, as a book or manuscript. [R.]
--Palsgrave.
Enlink \En*link"\, v. t.
To chain together; to connect, as by links. --Shak.
Enlist \En*list"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enlisted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enlisting}.]
1. To enter on a list; to enroll; to register.
2. To engage for military or naval service, the name being
entered on a list or register; as, to enlist men.
3. To secure the support and aid of; to employ in advancing
interest; as, to enlist persons in the cause of truth, or
in a charitable enterprise.
Enlist \En*list"\, v. i.
1. To enroll and bind one's self for military or naval
service; as, he enlisted in the regular army; the men
enlisted for the war.
2. To enter heartily into a cause, as if enrolled.
Enlistment \En*list"ment\, n.
1. The act or enlisting, or the state of being enlisted;
voluntary enrollment to serve as a soldier or a sailor.
2. The writing by which an enlisted man is bound.
Enlive \En*live"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + live, a.]
To enliven. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Enliven \En*liv"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enlivened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enlivening}.] [Pref. en- + liven.].
1. To give life, action, or motion to; to make vigorous or
active; to excite; to quicken; as, fresh fuel enlivens a
fire.
Lo! of themselves th' enlivened chessmen move.
--Cowley.
2. To give spirit or vivacity to; to make sprightly, gay, or
cheerful; to animate; as, mirth and good humor enliven a
company; enlivening strains of music.
Syn: To animate; rouse; inspire; cheer; encourage; comfort;
exhilarate; inspirit; invigorate.
Enlivener \En*liv"en*er\, n.
One who, or that which, enlivens, animates, or invigorates.
Enlock \En*lock"\, v. t.
To lock; to inclose.
Enlumine \En*lu"mine\, v. t. [F. enluminer; pref. en- (L. in) +
L. luminare to light up, illumine. See {Illuminate}, and cf.
{Limn}.]
To illumine. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enlute \En*lute"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + L. lutum mud, clay.]
To coat with clay; to lute. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enmanch'e \En`man`ch['e]"\, a. [F.; pref. en- (L. in) + manche
sleeve.] (Her.)
Resembling, or covered with, a sleeve; -- said of the chief
when lines are drawn from the middle point of the upper edge
upper edge to the sides.
Enmarble \En*mar"ble\, v. t. [Pref. en- + marble.]
To make hard as marble; to harden. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enmesh \En*mesh"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + mesh. Cf. {Inmesh}.]
To catch or entangle in, or as in, meshes. --Shak.
My doubts enmesh me if I try. --Lowell.
Enmew \En*mew"\, v. t.
See {Emmew}.
Enmist \En*mist"\, v. t.
To infold, as in a mist.
Enmity \En"mi*ty\, n.; pl. {Enmities}. [OE. enemyte, fr. enemy:
cf. F. inimiti['e], OF. enemisti['e]. See {Enemy}, and cf.
{Amity}.]
1. The quality of being an enemy; hostile or unfriendly
disposition.
No ground of enmity between us known. --Milton.
2. A state of opposition; hostility.
The friendship of the world is enmity with God.
--James iv. 4.
Syn: Rancor; hostility; hatred; aversion; antipathy;
repugnance; animosity; ill will; malice; malevolence.
See {Animosity}, {Rancor}.
Enmossed \En*mossed"\ (?; 115), a. [Pref. en- + moss.]
Covered with moss; mossed. --Keats.
Enmove \En*move"\, v. t.
See {Emmove}. [Obs.]
Enmuffle \En*muf"fle\, v. t.
To muffle up.
Enmure \En*mure"\, v. t.
To immure. [Obs.]
Ennation \En*na"tion\, n. [Gr. ? nine.] (Zo["o]l.)
The ninth segment in insects.
Ennead \En"ne*ad\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, fr. ? nine.]
The number nine or a group of nine.
{The Enneads}, the title given to the works of the
philosopher Plotinus, published by his pupil Porphyry; --
so called because each of the six books into which it is
divided contains nine chapters.
Enneagon \En"ne*a*gon\ (?; 277), n. [Gr. ? nine + corner, angle:
cf. enn['e]agone.] (Geom.)
A polygon or plane figure with nine sides and nine angles; a
nonagon.
Enneagonal \En`ne*ag"o*nal\, a. (Geom.)
Belonging to an enneagon; having nine angles.
Enneagynous \En`ne*ag"y*nous\, a. [Gr. ? nine + ? woman,
female.] (Bot.)
Having or producing nine pistils or styles; -- said of a
flower or plant.
Enheahedral \En`he*a*he"dral\, a. [Gr. ? nine + ? side.] (Geom.)
Having nine sides.
Enheahedria \En`he*a*he"dri*a\, Enheahedron \En`he*a*he"dron\,
n. (Geom.)
A figure having nine sides; a nonagon.
Enneandria \En`ne*an"dri*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? nine + ?, ?,
man, male: cf. F. enn['e]andrie.] (Bot.)
A Linn[ae]an class of plants having nine stamens.
Enneandrian \En`ne*an"dri*an\, Enneandrous \En`ne*an"drous\, a.
(Bot.)
Having nine stamens.
Enneapetalous \En`ne*a*pet"al*ous\, a. [Gr. ? nine + E.
petalous: cf. F. enn['e]ap['e]tale.] (Bot.)
Having nine petals, or flower leaves.
Enneaspermous \En`ne*a*sper"mous\, a. [Gr. ? + ? seed.] (Bot.)
Having nine seeds; -- said of fruits.
Enneatic \En`ne*at"ic\, Enneatical \En`ne*at"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?
nine.]
Occurring once in every nine times, days, years, etc.; every
ninth.
{Enneatical day}, every ninth day of a disease.
{Enneatical year}, every ninth year of a man's life.
Ennew \En*new"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + new. Cf. {Innovate}.]
To make new. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Enniche \En*niche"\, v. t.
To place in a niche. --Sterne.
Ennoble \En*no"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ennobled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Ennobling}.] [Pref. en- + noble: cf. F. ennoblir.]
1. To make noble; to elevate in degree, qualities, or
excellence; to dignify. ``Ennobling all that he touches.''
--Trench.
What can ennoble sots, or slaves, or cowards? Alas!
not all the blood of all the Howards. --Pope.
2. To raise to the rank of nobility; as, to ennoble a
commoner.
Syn: To raise; dignify; exalt; elevate; aggrandize.
Ennoblement \En*no"ble*ment\, n.
1. The act of making noble, or of exalting, dignifying, or
advancing to nobility. --Bacon.
2. That which ennobles; excellence; dignity.
Ennobler \En*no"bler\, n.
One who ennobles.
Ennui \En`nui"\, n. [F., fr. L. in odio in hatred. See {Annoy}.]
A feeling of weariness and disgust; dullness and languor of
spirits, arising from satiety or want of interest; tedium.
--T. Gray.
Ennuy'e \En`nuy`['e]"\, a. [F., p. p. of ennuyer. See {Ennui}.]
Affected with ennui; weary in spirits; emotionally exhausted.
Ennuy'e \En`nuy`['e]"\, n. [F.]
One who is affected with ennui.
Ennuy'ee \En`nuy`['e]e"\, n. [F.]
A woman affected with ennui. --Mrs. Jameson.
Enodal \E*nod"al\, a. (Bot.)
Without a node. --Gray.
Enodation \En`o*da"tion\, n. [L. enodatio explanation, fr.
enodare to free from knots. See {Enode}.]
The act or operation of clearing of knots, or of untying;
hence, also, the solution of a difficulty. [R.] --Bailey.
Enode \E*node"\, v. t. [L. enodare; e out + nodare to fill with
knots, nodus a knot.]
To clear of knots; to make clear. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Enoint \E*noint"\, a.
Anointed. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enomotarch \E*nom"o*tarch\, n. [Gr. ?; ? + ? leader. See
{Enomoty}.] (Gr. Antiq.)
The commander of an enomoty. --Mitford.
Enomoty \E*nom"o*ty\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? sworn; ? in + ? to
swear.] (Gr. Antiq.)
A band of sworn soldiers; a division of the Spartan army
ranging from twenty-five to thirty-six men, bound together by
oath.
Enopla \En"o*pla\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? armed; ? in + ?, pl.,
armor.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the orders of Nemertina, characterized by the presence
of a peculiar armature of spines or plates in the proboscis.
Enoptomancy \En*op"to*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ? visible in (a thing) +
-mancy.]
Divination by the use of a mirror.
Enorm \E*norm"\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]norme. See {Enormous}.]
Enormous. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enormity \E*nor"mi*ty\, n.; pl. {Enormities}. [L. enormitas, fr.
enormis enormous: cf. F. ['e]normit['e]. See {Enormous}.]
1. The state or quality of exceeding a measure or rule, or of
being immoderate, monstrous, or outrageous.
The enormity of his learned acquisitions. --De
Quincey.
2. That which is enormous; especially, an exceeding offense
against order, right, or decency; an atrocious crime;
flagitious villainy; an atrocity.
These clamorous enormities which are grown too big
and strong for law or shame. --South.
Enormous \E*nor"mous\, a. [L. enormis enormous, out of rule; e
out + norma rule: cf. F. ['e]norme. See {Normal}.]
1. Exceeding the usual rule, norm, or measure; out of due
proportion; inordinate; abnormal. ``Enormous bliss.''
--Milton. ``This enormous state.'' --Shak. ``The hoop's
enormous size.'' --Jenyns.
Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait.
--Milton.
2. Exceedingly wicked; outrageous; atrocious; monstrous; as,
an enormous crime.
That detestable profession of a life so enormous.
--Bale.
Syn: Huge; vast; immoderate; immense; excessive; prodigious;
monstrous.
Usage: -- {Enormous}, {Immense}, {Excessive}. We speak of a
thing as enormous when it overpasses its ordinary law
of existence or far exceeds its proper average or
standard, and becomes -- so to speak -- abnormal in
its magnitude, degree, etc.; as, a man of enormous
strength; a deed of enormous wickedness. Immense
expresses somewhat indefinitely an immeasurable
quantity or extent. Excessive is applied to what is
beyond a just measure or amount, and is always used in
an evil; as, enormous size; an enormous crime; an
immense expenditure; the expanse of ocean is immense.
``Excessive levity and indulgence are ultimately
excessive rigor.'' --V. Knox. ``Complaisance becomes
servitude when it is excessive.'' --La Rochefoucauld
(Trans).
Enormously \E*nor"mous*ly\, adv.
In an enormous degree.
Enormousness \E*nor"mous*ness\, n.
The state of being enormous.
Enorthotrope \En*or"tho*trope\, n. [Gr. ? in + ? upright,
correct + ? to turn.]
An optical toy; a card on which confused or imperfect figures
are drawn, but which form to the eye regular figures when the
card is rapidly revolved. See {Thaumatrope}.
Enough \E*nough"\, a. [OE. inoh, inow, enogh, AS. gen?h, gen?g,
a. & adv. (akin to OS. gin?g, D. genoeg, OHG. ginoug, G.
genug, Icel. gn?gr, Sw. nog, Dan. nok, Goth. gan?hs), fr.
geneah it suffices (akin to Goth. ganah); pref. ge- + a root
akin to L. nancisci to get, Skr. na?, Gr. ? to carry.]
Satisfying desire; giving content; adequate to meet the want;
sufficient; -- usually, and more elegantly, following the
noun to which it belongs.
How many hired servants of my father's have bread
enough and to spare! --Luke xv. 17.
Enough \E*nough"\, adv.
1. In a degree or quantity that satisfies; to satisfaction;
sufficiently.
2. Fully; quite; -- used to express slight augmentation of
the positive degree, and sometimes equivalent to very; as,
he is ready enough to embrace the offer.
I know you well enough; you are Signior Antonio.
--Shak.
Thou knowest well enough . . . that this is no time
to lend money. --Shak.
3. In a tolerable degree; -- used to express mere
acceptableness or acquiescence, and implying a degree or
quantity rather less than is desired; as, the song was
well enough.
Note: Enough usually follows the word it modifies.
Enough \E*nough"\, n.
A sufficiency; a quantity which satisfies desire, is adequate
to the want, or is equal to the power or ability; as, he had
enough to do take care of himself. ``Enough is as good as a
feast.''
And Esau said, I have enough, my brother. --Gen.
xxxiii. 9.
Enough \E*nough"\, interj.
An exclamation denoting sufficiency, being a shortened form
of it is enough.
Enounce \E*nounce"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enounced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enouncing}.] [F. ['e]noncer, L. enuntiare; e out +
nuntiare to announce, fr. nuntius messenger. See {Nuncio},
and cf. {Enunciate}.]
1. To announce; to declare; to state, as a proposition or
argument. --Sir W. Hamilton.
2. To utter; to articulate.
The student should be able to enounce these [sounds]
independently. --A. M. Bell.
Enouncement \E*nounce"ment\, n.
Act of enouncing; that which is enounced.
Enow \E*now"\
A form of {Enough}. [Archaic] --Shak.
Enpatron \En*pa"tron\, v. t.
To act the part of a patron towards; to patronize. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Enpierce \En*pierce"\, v. t. [See {Empierce}.]
To pierce. [Obs.] --Shak.
Enquere \En*quere"\, v. i.
To inquire. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enquicken \En*quick"en\, v. t.
To quicken; to make alive. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Enquire \En*quire"\, v. i. & t.
See {Inquire}.
Enquirer \En*quir"er\, n.
See {Inquirer}.
Enquiry \En*quir"y\, n.
See {Inquiry}.
Enrace \En*race"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + race lineage.]
To enroot; to implant. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enrage \En*rage"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enraged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enraging}.] [F. enrager to be enraged; pref. en- (L. in)
+ rage rage. See {Rage}.]
To fill with rage; to provoke to frenzy or madness; to make
furious.
Syn: To irritate; incense; inflame; exasperate; provoke;
anger; madden; infuriate.
Enragement \En*rage"ment\, n.
Act of enraging or state of being enraged; excitement. [Obs.]
Enrange \En*range"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + range. Cf. {Enrank},
{Arrange}.]
1. To range in order; to put in rank; to arrange. [Obs.]
--Spenser.
2. To rove over; to range. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enrank \En*rank"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + rank.]
To place in ranks or in order. [R.] --Shak.
Enrapt \En*rapt"\, p. a. [Pref. en- + rapt. Cf. {Enravish}.]
Thrown into ecstasy; transported; enraptured. --Shak.
Enrapture \En*rap"ture\ (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Enraptured} (?; 135); p. pr. & vb. n. {Enrapturing}.]
To transport with pleasure; to delight beyond measure; to
enravish. --Shenstone.
Enravish \En*rav"ish\, v. t.
To transport with delight; to enrapture; to fascinate.
--Spenser.
Enravishingly \En*rav"ish*ing*ly\, adv.
So as to throw into ecstasy.
Enravishment \En*rav"ish*ment\, n.
The state of being enravished or enraptured; ecstasy;
rapture. --Glanvill.
Enregister \En*reg"is*ter\, v. t. [Pref. en- + register: cf. F.
enregistrer. Cf. {Inregister}.]
To register; to enroll or record; to inregister.
To read enregistered in every nook His goodness, which
His beauty doth declare. --Spenser.
Enrheum \En*rheum"\, v. i. [Pref. en- + rheum: cf. F.
s'enrhumer.]
To contract a rheum. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Enrich \En*rich"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enriched}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enriching}.] [F. enrichir; pref. en- (L. in) + riche
rich. See {Rich}.]
1. To make rich with any kind of wealth; to render opulent;
to increase the possessions of; as, to enrich the
understanding with knowledge.
Seeing, Lord, your great mercy Us hath enriched so
openly. --Chaucer's
Dream.
2. To supply with ornament; to adorn; as, to enrich a ceiling
by frescoes.
3. To make rich with manure; to fertilize; -- said of the
soil; as, to enrich land by irrigation.
4. To supply with knowledge; to instruct; to store; -- said
of the mind. --Sir W. Raleigh.
Enricher \En*rich"er\, n.
One who enriches.
Enrichment \En*rich"ment\, n.
The act of making rich, or that which enriches; increase of
value by improvements, embellishment, etc.; decoration;
embellishment.
Enridge \En*ridge"\, v. t.
To form into ridges. --Shak.
Enring \En*ring"\, v. t.
To encircle. [R.]
The Muses and the Graces, grouped in threes, Enringed a
billowing fountain in the midst. --Tennyson.
Enripen \En*rip"en\, v. t.
To ripen. [Obs.] --Donne.
Enrive \En*rive"\, v. t.
To rive; to cleave. [Obs.]
Enrobe \En*robe"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + robe: cf. OF. enrober.]
To invest or adorn with a robe; to attire.
Enrockment \En*rock"ment\, n. [Pref. en- + rock.]
A mass of large stones thrown into water at random to form
bases of piers, breakwaters, etc.
Enroll \En*roll"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enrolled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enrolling}.] [Pref. en- + roll: cf. F. enr[^o]ler; pref.
en- (L. in) + r[^o]le roll or register. See {Roll}, n.]
[Written also {enrol}.]
1. To insert in a roil; to register or enter in a list or
catalogue or on rolls of court; hence, to record; to
insert in records; to leave in writing; as, to enroll men
for service; to enroll a decree or a law; also,
reflexively, to enlist.
An unwritten law of common right, so engraven in the
hearts of our ancestors, and by them so constantly
enjoyed and claimed, as that it needed not
enrolling. --Milton.
All the citizen capable of bearing arms enrolled
themselves. --Prescott.
2. To envelop; to inwrap; to involve. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Enroller \En*roll"er\, n.
One who enrolls or registers.
Enrollment \En*roll"ment\, n. [Cf. F. enr[^o]lement.] [Written
also {enrolment}.]
1. The act of enrolling; registration. --Holland.
2. A writing in which anything is enrolled; a register; a
record. --Sir J. Davies.
Enroot \En*root"\, v. t.
To fix by the root; to fix fast; to implant deep. --Shak.
Enround \En*round"\, v. t.
To surround. [Obs.] --Shak.
En route \En` route"\ [F.]
On the way or road.
Ens \Ens\, n. [L., ens, entis, a thing. See {Entity}.]
1. (Metaph.) Entity, being, or existence; an actually
existing being; also, God, as the Being of Beings.
2. (Chem.) Something supposed to condense within itself all
the virtues and qualities of a substance from which it is
extracted; essence. [Obs.]
Ensafe \En*safe"\ ([e^]n*s[=a]f"), v. t.
To make safe. [Obs.] --Hall.
Ensample \En*sam"ple\, n. [OF. ensample, essample, F. exemple.
See {Example}.]
An example; a pattern or model for imitation. [Obs.]
--Tyndale.
Being ensamples to the flock. --1 Pet. v. 3.
Ensample \En*sam"ple\, v. t.
To exemplify, to show by example. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Ensanguine \En*san"guine\, v. t.
To stain or cover with blood; to make bloody, or of a
blood-red color; as, an ensanguined hue. ``The ensanguined
field.'' --Milton.
Ensate \En"sate\, a. [NL. ensatus, fr. L. ensis sword.] (Bot. &
Zo["o]l.)
Having sword-shaped leaves, or appendages; ensiform.
Enscale \En*scale"\, v. t.
To cover with scales.
Enshedule \En*shed"ule\ (?; 135), v. t.
To insert in a schedule. See {Schedule}. [R.] --Shak.
Ensconce \En*sconce"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ensconced}; imp. &
p. p. {Ensconcing}.]
To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort; to place or
hide securely; to conceal.
She shall not see me: I will ensconce me behind the
arras. --Shak.
Enseal \En*seal"\, v. t.
To impress with a seal; to mark as with a seal; hence, to
ratify. [Obs.]
This deed I do enseal. --Piers
Plowman.
Enseam \En*seam"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + seam suture. Cf.
{Inseam}.]
To sew up; to inclose by a seam; hence, to include; to
contain. --Camden.
Enseam \En*seam"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + seam grease.]
To cover with grease; to defile; to pollute. [Obs.]
In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed. --Shak.
Ensear \En*sear"\, v. t.
To sear; to dry up. [Obs.]
Ensear thy fertile and conceptious womb. --Shak.
Ensearch \En*search"\, v. i. [OF. encerchier. See {Search}.]
To make search; to try to find something. [Obs.] -- v. t. To
search for. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot.
Enseel \En*seel"\, v. t.
To close eyes of; to seel; -- said in reference to a hawk.
[Obs.]
Enseint \En*seint"\, a. (Law)
With child; pregnant. See {Enceinte}. [Obs.]
Ensemble \En`sem"ble\, n. [F.]
The whole; all the parts taken together.
Ensemble \En`sem"ble\, adv. [F.]
All at once; together.
Enshelter \En*shel"ter\, v. t.
To shelter. [Obs.]
Enshield \En*shield"\, v. t.
To defend, as with a shield; to shield. [Archaic] --Shak.
Enshield \En*shield"\, a.
Shielded; enshielded. [Obs.] --Shak.
Enshrine \En*shrine"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enshrined}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enshrining}.]
To inclose in a shrine or chest; hence, to preserve or
cherish as something sacred; as, to enshrine something in
memory.
We will enshrine it as holy relic. --Massinger.
Enshroud \En*shroud"\, v. t.
To cover with, or as with, a shroud; to shroud. --Churchill.
Ensiferous \En*sif"er*ous\, a. [L. ensifer; ensis sword + ferre
to bear: cf. F. ensif[`e]re.]
Bearing a sword.
Ensiform \En"si*form\, a. [L. ensis sword + -form: cf. F.
ensiforme.]
Having the form of a sword blade; sword-shaped; as, an
ensiform leaf.
{Ensiform cartilage}, & {Ensiform process}. (Anat.) See
{Xiphisternum}.
Ensign \En"sign\, n. [L. enseigne, L. insignia, pl. of insigne a
distinctive mark, badge, flag; in + signum mark, sign. See
{Sign}, and cf. {Insignia}, 3d {Ancient}.]
1. A flag; a banner; a standard; esp., the national flag, or
a banner indicating nationality, carried by a ship or a
body of soldiers; -- as distinguished from flags
indicating divisions of the army, rank of naval officers,
or private signals, and the like.
Hang up your ensigns, let your drums be still.
--Shak.
2. A signal displayed like a standard, to give notice.
He will lift an ensign to the nations from far.
--Is. v. 26.
3. Sign; badge of office, rank, or power; symbol.
The ensigns of our power about we bear. --Waller.
4.
(a) Formerly, a commissioned officer of the army who
carried the ensign or flag of a company or regiment.
(b) A commissioned officer of the lowest grade in the
navy, corresponding to the grade of second lieutenant
in the army. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Note: In the British army the rank of ensign was abolished in
1871. In the United States army the rank is not
recognized; the regimental flags being carried by a
sergeant called the color sergeant.
{Ensign bearer}, one who carries a flag; an ensign.
Ensign \En"sign\, v. t.
1. To designate as by an ensign. [Obs.]
Henry but joined the roses that ensigned Particular
families. --B. Jonson.
2. To distinguish by a mark or ornament; esp. (Her.), by a
crown; thus, any charge which has a crown immediately
above or upon it, is said to be ensigned.
Ensigncy \En"sign*cy\ (?; 277), n.; pl. {Ensigncies}.
The rank or office of an ensign.
Ensignship \En"sign*ship\, n.
The state or rank of an ensign.
Ensilage \En"si*lage\, n. [F.; pref. en- (L. in) + silo. See
{Silo}.]
1. The process of preserving fodder (such as cornstalks, rye,
oats, millet, etc.) by compressing it while green and
fresh in a pit or vat called a silo, where it is kept
covered from the air; as the ensilage of fodder.
2. The fodder preserved in a silo.
Ensilage \En"si*lage\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ensilaged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Ensilaging}.]
To preserve in a silo; as, to ensilage cornstalks.
Ensky \En*sky"\, v. t.
To place in the sky or in heaven. [R.] ``A thing enskied and
sainted.'' --Shak.
Enslave \En*slave"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enslaved}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enslaving}.]
To reduce to slavery; to make a slave of; to subject to a
dominant influence.
The conquer'd, also, and enslaved by war, Shall, with
their freedom lost, all virtue lose. --Milton.
Pleasure admitted in undue degree Enslaves the will.
--Cowper.
Enslavedness \En*slav"ed*ness\, n.
State of being enslaved.
Enslavement \En*slave"ment\, n.
The act of reducing to slavery; state of being enslaved;
bondage; servitude.
A fresh enslavement to their enemies. --South.
Enslaver \En*slav"er\, n.
One who enslaves. --Swift.
Ensnare \En*snare"\, v. t.
To catch in a snare. See {Insnare}.
Ensnarl \En*snarl"\, v. t.
To entangle. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Ensober \En*so"ber\, v. t.
To make sober. [Obs.]
Sad accidents to ensober his spirits. --Jer. Taylor.
Ensoul \En*soul"\, v. t.
To indue or imbue (a body) with soul. [R.] --Emerson.
Ensphere \En*sphere"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + sphere. Cf.
{Insphere}.]
1. To place in a sphere; to envelop.
His ample shoulders in a cloud ensphered. --Chapman.
2. To form into a sphere.
Enstamp \En*stamp"\, v. t.
To stamp; to mark as ?ith a stamp; to impress deeply.
It is the motive . . . which enstamps the character.
--Gogan.
Enstate \En*state"\, v. t.
See {Instate}.
Enstatite \En"sta*tite\, n. [Named fr. Gr. ? an adversary,
because infusible before the blowpipe.] (Min.)
A mineral of the pyroxene group, orthorhombic in
crystallization; often fibrous and massive; color grayish
white or greenish. It is a silicate of magnesia with some
iron. Bronzite is a ferriferous variety.
Enstatitic \En`sta*tit"ic\, a.
Relating to enstatite.
Enstore \En*store"\, v. t. [See {Instaurate}.]
To restore. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Enstyle \En*style"\, v. t.
To style; to name. [Obs.]
Ensuable \En*su"a*ble\, a.
Ensuing; following.
Ensue \En*sue"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ensued}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ensuing}.] [OF. ensevre, OF. & F. ensuivre, fr. L. insequi;
in + sequi to pursue. See {Sue}.]
To follow; to pursue; to follow and overtake. [Obs.] ``Seek
peace, and ensue it.'' --1 Pet. iii. 11.
To ensue his example in doing the like mischief.
--Golding.
Ensue \En*sue"\, v. i.
To follow or come afterward; to follow as a consequence or in
chronological succession; to result; as, an ensuing
conclusion or effect; the year ensuing was a cold one.
So spoke the Dame, but no applause ensued. --Pope.
Damage to the mind or the body, or to both, ensues,
unless the exciting cause be presently removed. --I.
Taylor.
Syn: To follow; pursue; succeed. See {Follow}.
Ensure \En*sure"\, v. t.
1. To make sure. See {Insure}.
2. To betroth. [Obs.] --Sir T. More.
Ensurer \En*sur"er\, n.
See {Insurer}.
Enswathe \En*swathe"\, v. t.
To swathe; to envelop, as in swaddling clothes. --Shak.
Enswathement \En*swathe"ment\, n.
The act of enswathing, or the state of being enswathed.
Ensweep \En*sweep"\, v. t.
To sweep over or across; to pass over rapidly. [R.]
--Thomson.
Ent- \Ent-\
A prefix signifying within. See {Ento-}.
-ent \-ent\ [F. -ent, L. -ens, -entis.]
An adjective suffix signifying action or being; as,
corrodent, excellent, emergent, continent, quiescent. See
{-ant}.
Entablature \En*tab"la*ture\ (?; 135), n. [OF. entablature: cf.
It intavolatura, fr. LL. intabulare to construct a basis; L.
in + tabulatum board work, flooring, fr. tabula. See
{Table}.] (Arch.)
The superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns.
See Illust. of {Column}, {Cornice}.
Note: It is commonly divided into architrave, the part
immediately above the column; frieze, the central
space; and cornice, the upper projecting moldings.
--Parker.
Entablement \En*tab"le*ment\, n. [F. entablement, LL.
intabulamentum.]
See {Entablature}. [R.] --Evelyn.
Entackle \En*tac"kle\, v. t.
To supply with tackle. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Entad \En"tad\, adv. [Ent- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.)
Toward the inside or central part; away from the surface; --
opposed to ectad. --B. G. Wilder.
Entail \En*tail"\, n. [OE. entaile carving, OF. entaille, F., an
incision, fr. entailler to cut away; pref. en- (L. in) +
tailler to cut; LL. feudum talliatum a fee entailed, i. e.,
curtailed or limited. See {Tail} limitation, {Tailor}.]
1. That which is entailed. Hence: (Law)
(a) An estate in fee entailed, or limited in descent to a
particular class of issue.
(b) The rule by which the descent is fixed.
A power of breaking the ancient entails, and of
alienating their estates. --Hume.
2. Delicately carved ornamental work; intaglio. [Obs.] ``A
work of rich entail.'' --Spenser.
Entail \En*tail"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entailed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Entailing}.] [OE. entailen to carve, OF. entailler. See
{Entail}, n.]
1. To settle or fix inalienably on a person or thing, or on a
person and his descendants or a certain line of
descendants; -- said especially of an estate; to bestow as
an heritage.
Allowing them to entail their estates. --Hume.
I here entail The crown to thee and to thine heirs
forever. --Shak.
2. To appoint hereditary possessor. [Obs.]
To entail him and his heirs unto the crown. --Shak.
3. To cut or carve in a ornamental way. [Obs.]
Entailed with curious antics. --Spenser.
Entailment \En*tail"ment\, n.
1. The act of entailing or of giving, as an estate, and
directing the mode of descent.
2. The condition of being entailed.
3. A thing entailed.
Brutality as an hereditary entailment becomes an
ever weakening force. --R. L.
Dugdale.
Ental \En"tal\, a. [See {Ent-}.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or situated near, central or deep parts;
inner; -- opposed to ectal. --B. G. Wilder.
Entame \En*tame"\, v. t.
To tame. [Obs.] --Shak.
Entangle \En*tan"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entangled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Entangling}.]
1. To twist or interweave in such a manner as not to be
easily separated; to make tangled, confused, and
intricate; as, to entangle yarn or the hair.
2. To involve in such complications as to render extrication
a bewildering difficulty; hence, metaphorically, to
insnare; to perplex; to bewilder; to puzzle; as, to
entangle the feet in a net, or in briers. ``Entangling
alliances.'' --Washington.
The difficulties that perplex men's thoughts and
entangle their understandings. --Locke.
Allowing her to entangle herself with a person whose
future was so uncertain. --Froude.
Entanglement \En*tan"gle*ment\, n.
State of being entangled; intricate and confused involution;
that which entangles; intricacy; perplexity.
Entangler \En*tan"gler\, n.
One that entangles.
Entasia \En*ta"si*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See {Entasis}.] (Med.)
Tonic spasm; -- applied generically to denote any disease
characterized by tonic spasms, as tetanus, trismus, etc.
Entasis \En"ta*sis\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? a stretching; fr. ?; ?
in + ? to extend.]
1. (Arch.) A slight convex swelling of the shaft of a column.
2. (Med.) Same as {Entasia}.
Entassment \En*tass"ment\, n. [F. entassement, fr. entasser to
heap up.]
A heap; accumulation. [R.]
Entastic \En*tas"tic\, a. [Formed as if fr. (assumed) Gr. ?. See
{Entasis}.] (Med.)
Relating to any disease characterized by tonic spasms.
Entelechy \En*tel"e*chy\, n. [L. entelechia, Gr. ?, prob. fr. ?
? ? to be complete; ? + ? completion, end + ? to have or
hold.] (Peripatetic Philos.)
An actuality; a conception completely actualized, in
distinction from mere potential existence.
Entellus \En*tel"lus\, n. [NL., the specific name, fr. Gr. ? to
command.] (Zo["o]l.)
An East Indian long-tailed bearded monkey ({Semnopithecus
entellus}) regarded as sacred by the natives. It is
remarkable for the caplike arrangement of the hair on the
head. Called also {hoonoomaun} and {hungoor}.
Entend \En*tend"\, v. i. [F. entendre, fr. L. intendere. See
{Intend}.]
To attend to; to apply one's self to. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Entender \En*ten"der\, v. t.
1. To make tender. [R.] --Jer. Taylor.
2. To treat with tenderness. [R.] --Young.
Ententive \En*ten"tive\, a. [OF. ententif.]
Attentive; zealous. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enter- \En"ter-\ [F. entre between, fr. L. inter. See {Inter-}]
A prefix signifying between, among, part.
Enter \En"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Entering}.] [OE. entren, enteren, F. entrer, fr. L. intrare,
fr. intro inward, contr. fr. intero (sc. loco), fr. inter in
between, between. See {Inter-}, {In}, and cf. {Interior}.]
1. To come or go into; to pass into the interior of; to pass
within the outer cover or shell of; to penetrate; to
pierce; as, to enter a house, a closet, a country, a door,
etc.; the river enters the sea.
That darksome cave they enter. --Spenser.
I, . . . with the multitude of my redeemed, Shall
enter heaven, long absent. --Milton.
2. To unite in; to join; to be admitted to; to become a
member of; as, to enter an association, a college, an
army.
3. To engage in; to become occupied with; as, to enter the
legal profession, the book trade, etc.
4. To pass within the limits of; to attain; to begin; to
commence upon; as, to enter one's teens, a new era, a new
dispensation.
5. To cause to go (into), or to be received (into); to put
in; to insert; to cause to be admitted; as, to enter a
knife into a piece of wood, a wedge into a log; to enter a
boy at college, a horse for a race, etc.
6. To inscribe; to enroll; to record; as, to enter a name, or
a date, in a book, or a book in a catalogue; to enter the
particulars of a sale in an account, a manifest of a ship
or of merchandise at the customhouse.
7. (Law)
(a) To go into or upon, as lands, and take actual
possession of them.
(b) To place in regular form before the court, usually in
writing; to put upon record in proper from and order;
as, to enter a writ, appearance, rule, or judgment.
--Burrill.
8. To make report of (a vessel or her cargo) at the
customhouse; to submit a statement of (imported goods),
with the original invoices, to the proper officer of the
customs for estimating the duties. See {Entry}, 4.
9. To file or inscribe upon the records of the land office
the required particulars concerning (a quantity of public
land) in order to entitle a person to a right pf
pre["e]mption. [U.S.] --Abbott.
10. To deposit for copyright the title or description of (a
book, picture, map, etc.); as, ``entered according to act
of Congress.''
11. To initiate; to introduce favorably. [Obs.] --Shak.
Enter \En"ter\, v. i.
1. To go or come in; -- often with in used pleonastically;
also, to begin; to take the first steps. ``The year
entering.'' --Evelyn.
No evil thing approach nor enter in. --Milton.
Truth is fallen in the street, and equity can not
enter. --Is. lix. 14.
For we which have believed do enter into rest.
--Heb. iv. 3.
2. To get admission; to introduce one's self; to penetrate;
to form or constitute a part; to become a partaker or
participant; to share; to engage; -- usually with into;
sometimes with on or upon; as, a ball enters into the
body; water enters into a ship; he enters into the plan;
to enter into a quarrel; a merchant enters into
partnership with some one; to enter upon another's land;
the boy enters on his tenth year; to enter upon a task;
lead enters into the composition of pewter.
3. To penetrate mentally; to consider attentively; -- with
into.
He is particularly pleased with . . . Sallust for
his entering into internal principles of action.
--Addison.
Enteradenography \En`ter*ad`e*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? an
intestine + ? a gland + -graphy.]
A treatise upon, or description of, the intestinal glands.
Enteradenology \En`ter*ad`e*nol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? an intestine +
? a gland + -logy.]
The science which treats of the glands of the alimentary
canal.
Enteralgia \En`ter*al"gi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? an intestine + ?
pain: cf. F. ent['e]ralgie.] (Med.)
Pain in the intestines; colic.
Enterdeal \En"ter*deal`\, n. [Enter- + deal.]
Mutual dealings; intercourse. [Obs.]
The enterdeal of princes strange. --Spenser.
Enterer \En"ter*er\, n.
One who makes an entrance or beginning. --A. Seward.
Enteric \En*ter"ic\, a. [Gr. ?. See {Enteritis}.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the enteron, or alimentary canal;
intestinal.
{Enteric fever} (Med.), typhoid fever.
Enteritis \En`te*ri"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? an intestine +
-itis.] (Med.)
An inflammation of the intestines. --Hoblyn.
Enterlace \En`ter*lace"\, v. t.
See {Interlace}.
Entermete \En`ter*mete"\, v. i. [F. s'entremettre; entre between
+ mettre to place.]
To interfere; to intermeddle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Entermewer \En"ter*mew`er\, n. [Enter- + mew to molt.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A hawk gradually changing the color of its feathers, commonly
in the second year.
Entermise \En`ter*mise"\, n. [F. entremise, fr. s'entremettre.
See {Entermete}.]
Mediation. [Obs.]
Enterocele \En"ter*o*cele`\, n. [Gr. ?; ? an intestine + ?
tumor, hernia.] (Med.)
A hernial tumor whose contents are intestine.
Enterocoele \En"ter*o*c[oe]le`\, n. [Gr. ? an intestine + ? a
hollow.] (Anat.)
A perivisceral cavity which arises as an outgrowth or
outgrowths from the digestive tract; distinguished from a
schizoc[oe]le, which arises by a splitting of the mesoblast
of the embryo.
Enterography \En`ter*og"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? an intestine +
-graphy.] (Anat.)
A treatise upon, or description of, the intestines;
enterology.
Enterolith \En"ter*o*lith\, n. [Gr. ? an intestine + -lith.]
(Med.)
An intestinal concretion.
Enterology \En`ter*ol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? an intestine + -logy: cf.
F. ent['e]rologie.]
The science which treats of the viscera of the body.
Enteron \En"te*ron\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? an intestine, fr.
'ento`s within.] (Anat.)
The whole alimentary, or enteric, canal.
Enteropathy \En`ter*op"a*thy\, n. [Gr. ? intestine + ?
suffering.] (Med.)
Disease of the intestines.
Enteropneusta \En`te*rop*neus"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? an
intestine + ? to breathe.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of wormlike invertebrates having, along the sides of
the body, branchial openings for the branchial sacs, which
are formed by diverticula of the alimentary canal.
Balanoglossus is the only known genus. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Enterorrhaphy \En`ter*or"rha*phy\, n. [Gr. ? an intestine + ? a
sewing.] (Med.)
The operation of sewing up a rent in the intestinal canal.
Enterotome \En"ter*o*tome\, n. [F. ent['e]rotome. See
{Enterotomy}.] (Med.)
A kind of scissors used for opening the intestinal canal, as
in post-mortem examinations.
Enterotomy \En`ter*ot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? an intestine + te`mnein
to cut.] (Med.)
Incision of the intestines, especially in reducing certain
cases of hernia.
Enterparlance \En`ter*par"lance\, n.
Mutual talk or conversation; conference. [Obs.] --Sir J.
Hayward.
Enterplead \En`ter*plead"\, v. i.
Same as {Interplead}.
Enterprise \En"ter*prise\, n. [F. enterprise, fr. entreprendre
to undertake; entre between (L. inter) + prendre to take. See
{Inter}, and {Emprise}.]
1. That which is undertaken; something attempted to be
performed; a work projected which involves activity,
courage, energy, and the like; a bold, arduous, or
hazardous attempt; an undertaking; as, a manly enterprise;
a warlike enterprise. --Shak.
Their hands can not perform their enterprise. --Job
v. 12.
2. Willingness or eagerness to engage in labor which requires
boldness, promptness, energy, and like qualities; as, a
man of great enterprise.
Enterprise \En"ter*prise\, v. t.
1. To undertake; to begin and attempt to perform; to venture
upon. [R.]
The business must be enterprised this night.
--Dryden.
What would I not renounce or enterprise for you!
--T. Otway.
2. To treat with hospitality; to entertain. [Obs.]
Him at the threshold met, and well did enterprise.
--Spenser.
Enterprise \En"ter*prise\, v. i.
To undertake an enterprise, or something hazardous or
difficult. [R.] --Pope.
Enterpriser \En"ter*pri`ser\, n.
One who undertakes enterprises. --Sir J. Hayward.
Enterprising \En"ter*pri`sing\, a.
Having a disposition for enterprise; characterized by
enterprise; resolute, active or prompt to attempt; as, an
enterprising man or firm. -- {En"ter*pri`sing*ly}, adv.
Entertain \En`ter*tain"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entertained}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Entertaining}.] [F. entretenir; entre between
(L. inter) + tenir to hold, L. tenere. See {Tenable}.]
1. To be at the charges of; to take or keep in one's service;
to maintain; to support; to harbor; to keep.
You, sir, I entertain for one of my hundred. --Shak.
2. To give hospitable reception and maintenance to; to
receive at one's board, or into one's house; to receive as
a guest.
Be not forgetful to entertain strangers; for thereby
some have entertained unawares. --Heb. xiii.
2.
3. To engage the attention of agreeably; to amuse with that
which makes the time pass pleasantly; to divert; as, to
entertain friends with conversation, etc.
The weary time she can not entertain. --Shak.
4. To give reception to; to receive, in general; to receive
and take into consideration; to admit, treat, or make use
of; as, to entertain a proposal.
I am not here going to entertain so large a theme as
the philosophy of Locke. --De Quincey.
A rumor gained ground, -- and, however absurd, was
entertained by some very sensible people.
--Hawthorne.
5. To meet or encounter, as an enemy. [Obs.] --Shak.
6. To keep, hold, or maintain in the mind with favor; to keep
in the mind; to harbor; to cherish; as, to entertain
sentiments.
7. To lead on; to bring along; to introduce. [Obs.]
To baptize all nations, and entertain them into the
services institutions of the holy Jesus. --Jer.
Taylor.
Syn: To amuse; divert; maintain. See {Amuse}.
Entertain \En`ter*tain"\, v. i.
To receive, or provide entertainment for, guests; as, he
entertains generously.
Entertain \En`ter*tain"\, n. [Cf. F. entretien, fr. entretenir.]
Entertainment. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Entertainer \En`ter*tain"er\, n.
One who entertains.
Entertaining \En`ter*tain"ing\, a.
Affording entertainment; pleasing; amusing; diverting. --
{En`ter*tain"ing*ly}, adv. -- {En`ter*tain"ing*ness}, n.
Entertainment \En`ter*tain"ment\, n. [Cf. OF. entretenement.]
1. The act of receiving as host, or of amusing, admitting, or
cherishing; hospitable reception; also, reception or
treatment, in general.
The entertainment of Christ by faith. --Baxter.
The sincere entertainment and practice of the
precepts of the gospel. --Bp. Sprat.
2. That which entertains, or with which one is entertained;
as:
(a) Hospitality; hospitable provision for the wants of a
guest; especially, provision for the table; a
hospitable repast; a feast; a formal or elegant meal.
(b) That which engages the attention agreeably, amuses or
diverts, whether in private, as by conversation, etc.,
or in public, by performances of some kind; amusement.
Theatrical entertainments conducted with greater
elegance and refinement. --Prescott.
3. Admission into service; service.
Some band of strangers in the adversary's
entertainment. --Shak.
4. Payment of soldiers or servants; wages. [Obs.]
The entertainment of the general upon his first
arrival was but six shillings and eight pence. --Sir
J. Davies.
Syn: Amusement; diversion; recreation; pastime; sport; feast;
banquet; repast; carousal.
Entertake \En`ter*take"\, v. t.
To entertain. [Obs.]
Entertissued \En`ter*tis"sued\, a.
Same as {Intertissued}.
Entheal \En"the*al\, Enthean \En"the*an\, a. [Gr. ? full of the
god, inspired; ? in + ? god.]
Divinely inspired; wrought up to enthusiasm. [Obs.]
Entheasm \En"the*asm\, n.
Inspiration; enthusiasm. [R.] ``Religious entheasm.''
--Byron.
Entheastic \En`the*as"tic\, a. [Gr. ? inspired, fr. ?, fr. ?.
See {Entheal}.]
Of godlike energy; inspired. -- {En`the*as"tic*al*ly}, adv.
Entheat \En"the*at\, a. [Cf. L. entheatus, fr. Gr. ?.]
Divinely inspired. [Obs.] --Drummond.
Enthelmintha \En`thel*min"tha\, Enthelminthes
\En`thel*min"thes\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? within + ?, ?, worm.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Intestinal worms. See {Helminthes}.
Entheic \En*the"ic\, a. [Gr. ? fit for inserting; ? in + ? to
place.] (Med.)
Caused by a morbifie virus implanted in the system; as, an
enthetic disease like syphilis.
Enthrall \En*thrall"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + thrall. Cf.
{Inthrall}.] [Written also {enthral}.]
To hold in thrall; to enslave. See {Inthrall}.
The bars survive the captive they enthrall. --Byron.
Enthrallment \En*thrall"ment\, n.
The act of enthralling, or state of being enthralled. See
{Inthrallment}.
Enthrill \En*thrill"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + thrill.]
To pierce; to thrill. [Obs.] --Sackville.
Enthrone \En*throne"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + throne: cf. OF.
enthroner. Cf. {Inthronize}.]
1. To seat on a throne; to exalt to the seat of royalty or of
high authority; hence, to invest with sovereign authority
or dignity.
Beneath a sculptured arch he sits enthroned. --Pope.
It [mercy] is enthroned in the hearts of kings.
--Shak.
2. (Eccl.) To induct, as a bishop, into the powers and
privileges of a vacant see.
Enthronement \En*throne"ment\, n.
The act of enthroning, or state of being enthroned. [Recent]
Enthronization \En*thron`i*za"tion\, n.
The act of enthroning; hence, the admission of a bishop to
his stall or throne in his cathedral.
Enthronize \En*thron"ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enthronized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Enthronizing}.] [See {Inthronize}.]
To place on a throne; hence, to induct into office, as a
bishop.
There openly enthronized as the very elected king.
--Knolles.
Enthuse \En*thuse"\, v. t. & i.
To make or become enthusiastic. [Slang]
Enthusiasm \En*thu"si*asm\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to be inspired or
possessed by the god, fr. ?, ?, inspired: cf. enthousiasme.
See {Entheal}, {Theism}.]
1. Inspiration as if by a divine or superhuman power;
ecstasy; hence, a conceit of divine possession and
revelation, or of being directly subject to some divine
impulse.
Enthusiasm is founded neither on reason nor divine
revelation, but rises from the conceits of a warmed
or overweening imagination. --Locke.
2. A state of impassioned emotion; transport; elevation of
fancy; exaltation of soul; as, the poetry of enthusiasm.
Resolutions adopted in enthusiasm are often repented
of when excitement has been succeeded by the wearing
duties of hard everyday routine. --Froude.
Exhibiting the seeming contradiction of
susceptibility to enthusiasm and calculating
shrewdness. --Bancroft.
3. Enkindled and kindling fervor of soul; strong excitement
of feeling on behalf of a cause or a subject; ardent and
imaginative zeal or interest; as, he engaged in his
profession with enthusiasm.
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
--Emerson.
4. Lively manifestation of joy or zeal.
Philip was greeted with a tumultuous enthusiasm.
--Prescott.
Enthusiast \En*thu"si*ast\, n. [Gr. ?: cf. F. enthousiaste.]
One moved or actuated by enthusiasm; as:
(a) One who imagines himself divinely inspired, or possessed
of some special revelation; a religious madman; a
fanatic.
(b) One whose mind is wholly possessed and heated by what
engages it; one who is influenced by a peculiar; fervor
of mind; an ardent and imaginative person.
Enthusiasts soon understand each other. --W.
Irving.
Syn: Visionary; fanatic; devotee; zealot.
Enthusiastic \En*thu`si*as"tic\, Enthusiastical
\En*thu`si*as"tic*al\, a. [Gr. ? .]
Filled with enthusiasm; characterized by enthusiasm; zealous;
as, an enthusiastic lover of art. ``Enthusiastical
raptures.'' --Calamy. -- {En*thu`si*as"tic*al*ly}, adv.
A young man . . . of a visionary and enthusiastic
character. --W. Irving.
Enthusiastic \En*thu`si*as"tic\, n.
An enthusiast; a zealot. [Obs.]
Enthymematic \En`thy*me*mat"ic\, Enthymematical
\En`thy*me*mat"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?.]
Pertaining to, or of the form of, an enthymeme.
Enthymeme \En"thy*meme\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to keep in mind,
consider; ? in + ? mind, soul.] (Logic)
An argument consisting of only two propositions, an
antecedent and consequent deduced from it; a syllogism with
one premise omitted; as, We are dependent; therefore we
should be humble. Here the major proposition is suppressed.
The complete syllogism would be, Dependent creatures should
be humble; we are dependent creatures; therefore we should be
humble.
Entice \En*tice"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enticed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enticing}.] [OE. entisen, enticen, OF. enticier,
entichier; pref. en- (L. in) + a word of uncertain origin,
cf. OF. atisier to stir a fire, provoke, L. titio firebrand,
or MHG. zicken to push.]
To draw on, by exciting hope or desire; to allure; to
attract; as, the bait enticed the fishes. Often in a bad
sense: To lead astray; to induce to evil; to tempt; as, the
sirens enticed them to listen.
Roses blushing as they blow, And enticing men to pull.
--Beau. & Fl.
My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not.
--Prov. i. 10.
Go, and thine erring brother gain, Entice him home to
be forgiven. --Keble.
Syn: To allure; lure; coax; decoy; seduce; tempt; inveigle;
incite; persuade; prevail on. See {Allure}.
Enticeable \En*tice"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being enticed.
Enticement \En*tice"ment\, n. [OF. enticement.]
1. The act or practice of alluring or tempting; as, the
enticements of evil companions.
2. That which entices, or incites to evil; means of
allurement; alluring object; as, an enticement to sin.
Syn: Allurement; attraction; temptation; seduction;
inveiglement; persuasion; inducement.
Enticer \En*ti"cer\, n.
One who entices; one who incites or allures to evil.
--Burton.
Enticing \En*ti"cing\, a.
That entices; alluring.
Enticingly \En*ti"cing*ly\, adv.
In an enticing manner; charmingly. ``She . . . sings most
enticingly.'' --Addison.
Entierty \En*tier"ty\, n.
See {Entirety}. [Obs.]
Entire \En*tire"\, a. [F. entier, L. integer untouched,
undiminished, entire; pref. in-, negative + the root of
tangere to touch. See {Tangent}, and cf. {Integer}.]
1. Complete in all parts; undivided; undiminished; whole;
full and perfect; not deficient; as, the entire control of
a business; entire confidence, ignorance.
That ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing.
--James i. 4.
With strength entire and free will armed. --Milton.
One entire and perfect chrysolite. --Shak.
2. Without mixture or alloy of anything; unqualified; morally
whole; pure; faithful.
Pure fear and entire cowardice. --Shak.
No man had ever a heart more entire to the king.
--Clarendon.
3. (Bot.)
(a) Consisting of a single piece, as a corolla.
(b) Having an evenly continuous edge, as a leaf which has
no kind of teeth.
4. Not gelded; -- said of a horse.
5. Internal; interior. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Syn: See {Whole}, and {Radical}.
Entire \En*tire"\, n.
1. Entirely. ``Too long to print in entire.'' --Thackeray.
2. (Brewing) A name originally given to a kind of beer
combining qualities of different kinds of beer. [Eng.]
``Foker's Entire.'' --Thackeray.
Entirely \En*tire"ly\, adv.
1. In an entire manner; wholly; completely; fully; as, the
trace is entirely lost.
Euphrates falls not entirely into the Persian Sea.
--Raleigh.
2. Without alloy or mixture; truly; sincerely.
To highest God entirely pray. --Spenser.
Entireness \En*tire"ness\, n.
1. The state or condition of being entire; completeness;
fullness; totality; as, the entireness of an arch or a
bridge.
This same entireness or completeness. --Trench.
2. Integrity; wholeness of heart; honesty. [R.]
Entireness in preaching the gospel. --Udall.
3. Oneness; unity; -- applied to a condition of intimacy or
close association. [Obs.]
True Christian love may be separated from
acquaintance, and acquaintance from entireness.
--Bp. Hall.
Entirety \En*tire"ty\, n.; pl. {Entireness}. [OF. entieret['e].
Cf. {Integrity}.]
1. The state of being entire; completeness; as, entirely of
interest. --Blackstone.
2. That which is entire; the whole. --Bacon.
Entitative \En"ti*ta*tive\, a. [See {Entity}.]
Considered as pure entity; abstracted from all circumstances.
--Ellis. -- {En"ti*ta*tive*ly}, adv.
Entitle \En*ti"tle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entitled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Entitling}.] [OF. entituler, F. intituler, LL.
intitulare, fr. L. in + titulus title. See {Title}, and cf.
{Intitule}.]
1. To give a title to; to affix to as a name or appellation;
hence, also, to dignify by an honorary designation; to
denominate; to call; as, to entitle a book
``Commentaries;'' to entitle a man ``Honorable.''
That which . . . we entitle patience. --Shak.
2. To give a claim to; to qualify for, with a direct object
of the person, and a remote object of the thing; to
furnish with grounds for seeking or claiming with success;
as, an officer's talents entitle him to command.
3. To attribute; to ascribe. [Obs.]
The ancient proverb . . . entitles this work . . .
peculiarly to God himself. --Milton.
Syn: To name; designate; style; characterize; empower;
qualify; enable; fit.
Entitule \En*tit"ule\, v. t. [See {Entitle}.]
To entitle. --B. Jonson.
Entity \En"ti*ty\, n.; pl. {Entities}. [LL. entitas, fr. L. ens,
entis, thing, prop. p. pr. of esse to be: cf. F. entit['e].
See {Essence}, {Is}.]
A real being, whether in thought (as an ideal conception) or
in fact; being; essence; existence.
Self-subsisting entities, such as our own personality.
--Shairp.
Fortune is no real entity, . . . but a mere relative
signification. --Bentley.
Ento- \En"to-\ [Gr. ? within, fr. ? in. See {In}.]
A combining form signifying within; as, entoblast.
Entoblast \En"to*blast\, n. [Ento- + -blast.] (Biol.)
The inner germ layer; endoderm. See {Nucleolus}.
Entobronchium \En`to*bron"chi*um\, n.; pl. {Entobronchia}. [See
Ento-, and Bronchia.] (Anat.)
One of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds.
Entocuneiform \En`to*cu*ne"i*form\, Entocuniform
\En`to*cu"ni*form\, n. [Ento- + cuneiform, cuniform.] (Anat.)
One of the bones of the tarsus. See {Cuneiform}.
Entoderm \En"to*derm\, n. [Ento- + Gr. ? skin.] (Biol.)
See {Endoderm}, and Illust. of {Blastoderm}.
Entodermal \En`to*der"mal\, Entodermic \En`to*der"mic\, a.
(Biol.)
Relating to the entoderm.
Entogastric \En`to*gas"tric\, a. [Ento- + Gr. ? the stomach.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the interior of the stomach; -- applied to a
mode of budding from the interior of the gastric cavity, in
certain hydroids.
Entogenous \En*tog"e*nous\, a. [Ento- + -genous.] (Biol.)
See {Endogenous}.
Entoglossal \En`to*glos"sal\, a. [Ento- + Gr. ? the tongue.]
(Anat.)
Within the tongue; -- applied to the glossohyal bone.
Entoil \En*toil"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entoiled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Entoiling}.]
To take with toils or bring into toils; to insnare. [R.]
Entoiled in woofed phantasies. --Keats.
Entomb \En*tomb"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entombed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Entombing}.] [Pref. en- + tomb: cf. OF. entomber.]
To deposit in a tomb, as a dead body; to bury; to inter; to
inhume. --Hooker.
Entombment \En*tomb"ment\, n.
The act of entombing or burying, or state of being entombed;
burial. --Barrow.
Entomere \En"to*mere\, n. [Ento- + -mere.] (Biol.)
The more granular cells, which finally become internal, in
many segmenting ova, as those of mammals.
Entomic \En*tom"ic\, Entomical \En*tom"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ? insect.
See {Entomology}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Relating to insects; entomological.
Entomoid \En"to*moid\, a. [Gr. ? insect + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Resembling an insect. -- n. An object resembling an insect.
Entomolin \En*tom"o*lin\, n. [Gr. ? insect.] (Chem.)
See {Chitin}.
Entomolite \En*tom"o*lite\, n. [Gr. ? insect + -lite.] (Paleon.)
A fossil insect.
Entomologic \En`to*mo*log"ic\, Entomological
\En`to*mo*log"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. entomologique.]
Of or relating to entomology. -- {En`to*mo*log"ic*al*ly},
adv.
Entomologist \En`to*mol"o*gist\, n. [Cf. F. entomologiste.]
One versed in entomology.
Entomologize \En`to*mol"o*gize\, v. i.
To collect specimens in the study of entomology. --C.
Kingsley.
Entomology \En`to*mol"o*gy\, n.; pl. {Entomologies}. [Gr.
'e`ntomon insect (so called because nearly cut in two, fr.
'e`ntomos cut in; 'en in + te`mnein to cut) + -logy: cf. F.
entomologie. See {In}, and {Tome}, and cf. {Insect}.]
1. That part of zo["o]logy which treats of insects.
2. A treatise on the science of entomology.
Entomophaga \En`to*moph"a*ga\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ntomon an
insect + fagei^n to eat.] (Zo["o]l.)
1. One of a group of hymenopterous insects whose larv[ae]
feed parasitically upon living insects. See {Ichneumon},
2.
Entomophagan \En`to*moph"a*gan\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Relating to the Entomophaga. -- n. One of the Entomophaga.
Entomophagous \En`to*moph"a*gous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Feeding on insects; insectivorous.
Entomophilous \En`to*moph"i*lous\, a. [Gr. ? insect + ? a
lover.] (Bot.)
Fertilized by the agency of insects; -- said of plants in
which the pollen is carried to the stigma by insects.
Entomostraca \En`to*mos"tra*ca\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? cut in
pieces + ? burnt clay, the hard shell of Testacea.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the subclasses of Crustacea, including a large number
of species, many of them minute. The group embraces several
orders; as the Phyllopoda, Ostracoda, Copepoda, and
Pectostraca. See {Copepoda}, {Phyllopoda}, and {Cladocera}.
Entomostracan \En`to*mos"tra*can\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Relating to the Entomostraca. -- n. One of the Entomostraca.
Entomostracous \En`to*mos"tra*cous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to the Entomostracans.
Entomotomist \En`to*mot"o*mist\, n.
One who practices entomotomy.
Entomotomy \En`to*mot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? insect + te`mnein to
cut.]
The science of the dissection of insects.
Entonic \En*ton"ic\, a. [Gr. ? strained, fr. ? to strain. See
{Entasis}.] (Med.)
Having great tension, or exaggerated action. --Dunglison.
Entoperipheral \En`to*pe*riph"er*al\, a. [Ento- + peripheral.]
(Physiol.)
Being, or having its origin, within the external surface of
the body; -- especially applied to feelings, such as hunger,
produced by internal disturbances. Opposed to epiperipheral.
Entophyte \En"to*phyte\, n. [Ento- + Gr. ? a plant.] (Med.)
A vegetable parasite subsisting in the interior of the body.
Entophytic \En`to*phyt"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to entophytes; as, an entophytic disease.
Entoplasm \En"to*plasm\, n. [Ento- + Gr. ? anything formed.]
(Biol.)
(a) The inner granular layer of protoplasm in a developing
ovum.
(b) Endosarc.
Entoplastic \En`to*plas"tic\, a. [Ento- + Gr. ? to mold.]
(Biol.)
Pertaining to, or composed of, entoplasm; as, the entoplastic
products of some Protozoa, or the entoplastic modification of
the cell protoplasm, by which a nucleus is produced.
Entoplastron \En`to*plas"tron\, n.; pl. {Entoplastra}. [Ento- +
plastron.] (Anat.)
The median plate of the plastron of turtles; -- called also
{entosternum}.
Entoprocta \En`to*proc"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? within + ?
the anus.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of Bryozoa in which the anus is within the circle of
tentacles. See {Pedicellina}.
Entoptic \Ent*op"tic\, a. [Ent- + optic.] (Physiol.)
Relating to objects situated within the eye; esp., relating
to the perception of objects in one's own eye.
Entorganism \Ent*or"gan*ism\, n. [Ent- + organism.] (Biol.)
An internal parasitic organism.
Entortilation \En*tor`ti*la"tion\, n. [F. entortiller to twist;
pref. en- (L. in) + tortiller to twist.]
A turning into a circle; round figures. [Obs.] --Donne.
Entosternum \En`to*ster"num\, n.; pl. {Entosterna}. [NL. See
{Ento-}, and {Sternum}.] (Anat.)
See {Entoplastron}. -- {En`to*ster"nal}, a.
Entosthoblast \En*tos"tho*blast\, n. [Gr. 'e`ntosthe from within
+ -blast.] (Biol.)
The granule within the nucleolus or entoblast of a nucleated
cell. --Agassiz.
Entothorax \En`to*tho"rax\, n. [Ento- + thorax.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Endothorax}.
Entotic \Ent*ot"ic\, a. [Ent- + Gr. ?, ?, the ear.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to the interior of the ear.
Entozoa \En`to*zo"a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? within + ? an
animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
1. A group of worms, including the tapeworms, flukes,
roundworms, etc., most of which live parasitically in the
interior of other animals; the Helminthes.
2. An artificial group, including all kinds of animals living
parasitically in others.
Entozoal \En`to*zo"al\, Entozoic \En`to*zo"ic\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, or consisting of, the Entozoa.
Entozoologist \En`to*zo*["o]l"o*gist\, n. [Entozo["o]n + -logy +
-ist.]
One versed in the science of the Entozoa.
Entozoon \En`to*zo"["o]n\, n.; pl. {Entozoa}. [NL. See
{Entozoa}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Entozoa.
Entr'acte \En`tr'acte"\, n. [F. Cf. {Interact}.]
1. The interval of time which occurs between the performance
of any two acts of a drama.
2. A dance, piece of music, or interlude, performed between
two acts of a drama.
Entrail \En*trail"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + OF. treiller to grate,
lattice, F. treille vine, arbor. See {Trellis}.]
To interweave; to intertwine. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Entrail \En*trail"\, n.
Entanglement; fold. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Entrails \En"trails\, n. pl. [F. entrailles, LL. intralia,
intranea, fr. interaneum, pl. interanea, intestine,
interaneus inward, interior, fr. inter between, among,
within. See {Internal}.]
1. The internal parts of animal bodies; the bowels; the guts;
viscera; intestines.
2. The internal parts; as, the entrails of the earth.
That treasure . . . hid the dark entrails of
America. --Locke.
Entrain \En*train"\, v. t. [F. entrainer.]
To draw along as a current does; as, water entrained by
steam.
Entrain \En*train"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + train.]
To put aboard a railway train; as, to entrain a regiment.
[Recent, Eng.]
Entrain \En*train"\, v. i.
To go aboard a railway train; as, the troops entrained at the
station. [Recent, Eng.]
Entrammel \En*tram"mel\, v. t. [See {Trammel}.]
To trammel; to entangle. --Bp. Hacket.
Entrance \En"trance\, n. [OF. entrance, fr. OF. & F. entrant, p.
pr. of entrer to enter. See {Enter}.]
1. The act of entering or going into; ingress; as, the
entrance of a person into a house or an apartment; hence,
the act of taking possession, as of property, or of
office; as, the entrance of an heir upon his inheritance,
or of a magistrate into office.
2. Liberty, power, or permission to enter; as, to give
entrance to friends. --Shak.
3. The passage, door, or gate, for entering.
Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city.
--Judg. i. 24.
4. The entering upon; the beginning, or that with which the
beginning is made; the commencement; initiation; as, a
difficult entrance into business. ``Beware of entrance to
a quarrel.'' --Shak.
St. Augustine, in the entrance of one of his
discourses, makes a kind of apology. --Hakewill.
5. The causing to be entered upon a register, as a ship or
goods, at a customhouse; an entering; as, his entrance of
the arrival was made the same day.
6. (Naut.)
(a) The angle which the bow of a vessel makes with the
water at the water line. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
(b) The bow, or entire wedgelike forepart of a vessel,
below the water line. --Totten.
Entrance \En*trance"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entranced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Entrancing}.] [Pref. en- + trance.]
1. To put into a trance; to make insensible to present
objects.
Him, still entranced and in a litter laid, They bore
from field and to the bed conveyed. --Dryden.
2. To put into an ecstasy; to ravish with delight or wonder;
to enrapture; to charm.
And I so ravished with her heavenly note, I stood
entranced, and had no room for thought. --Dryden.
Entrancement \En*trance"ment\, n.
The act of entrancing, or the state of trance or ecstasy.
--Otway.
Entrant \En"trant\, n. [See {Entrance}, n.]
1. One who enters; a beginner. ``The entrant upon life.''
--Bp. Terrot.
2. An applicant for admission. --Stormonth.
Entrap \En*trap"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entrapped}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Entrapping}.] [Pref. en- + trap: cf. OF. entraper.]
To catch in a trap; to insnare; hence, to catch, as in a
trap, by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses;
to catch or involve in contradictions; as, to be entrapped by
the devices of evil men.
A golden mesh, to entrap the hearts of men. --Shak.
Syn: To insnare; inveigle; tangle; decoy; entangle.
Entreat \En*treat"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Entreated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Entreating}.] [OE. entreten to treat, request, OF.
entraiter to treat of; pref. en- (L. in) + traitier to treat.
See {Treat}.]
1. To treat, or conduct toward; to deal with; to use. [Obs.]
Fairly let her be entreated. --Shak.
I will cause the enemy to entreat thee well. --Jer.
xv. 11.
2. To treat with, or in respect to, a thing desired; hence,
to ask earnestly; to beseech; to petition or pray with
urgency; to supplicate; to importune. ``Entreat my wife to
come.'' ``I do entreat your patience.'' --Shak.
I must entreat of you some of that money. --Shak.
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber
door. --Poe.
Isaac entreated the Lord for his wife. --Gen. xxv.
21.
3. To beseech or supplicate successfully; to prevail upon by
prayer or solicitation; to persuade.
It were a fruitless attempt to appease a power whom
no prayers could entreat. --Rogers.
4. To invite; to entertain. [Obs.] ``Pleasures to entreat.''
--Spenser.
Syn: To beseech; beg; solicit; crave; implore; supplicate.
See {Beseech}.
Entreat \En*treat"\, v. i.
1. To treat or discourse; hence, to enter into negotiations,
as for a treaty. [Obs.]
Of which I shall have further occasion to entreat.
--Hakewill.
Alexander . . . was first that entreated of true
peace with them. --1 Mac. x.
47.
2. To make an earnest petition or request.
The Janizaries entreated for them as valiant men.
--Knolles.
Entreat \En*treat"\, n.
Entreaty. [Obs.] --Ford.
Entreatable \En*treat"a*ble\, a.
That may be entreated.
Entreatance \En*treat"ance\, n.
Entreaty. [Obs.] --Fairfax.
Entreater \En*treat"er\, n.
One who entreats; one who asks earnestly; a beseecher.
Entreatful \En*treat"ful\, a.
Full of entreaty. [R.] See {Intreatful}.
Entreatingly \En*treat"ing*ly\, adv.
In an entreating manner.
Entreative \En*treat"ive\, a.
Used in entreaty; pleading. [R.] ``Entreative phrase.'' --A.
Brewer.
Entreatment \En*treat"ment\, n.
Entreaty; invitation. [Obs.] --Shak.
Entreaty \En*treat"y\, n.; pl. {Entreaties}.
1. Treatment; reception; entertainment. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
2. The act of entreating or beseeching; urgent prayer;
earnest petition; pressing solicitation.
Fair entreaty, and sweet blandishment. --Spenser.
Syn: Solicitation; request; suit; supplication; importunity.
Entr'ee \En`tr['e]e"\, n. [F. See {Entry}.]
1. A coming in, or entrance; hence, freedom of access;
permission or right to enter; as, to have the entr['e]e of
a house.
2. (Cookery) In French usage, a dish served at the beginning
of dinner to give zest to the appetite; in English usage,
a side dish, served with a joint, or between the courses,
as a cutlet, scalloped oysters, etc.
Entremets \En`tre*mets"\, n. sing. & pl. [F., fr. entre between
+ mets a dish, mess.]
1. (Cookery) A side dish; a dainty or relishing dish usually
eaten after the joints or principal dish; also, a
sweetmeat, served with a dinner.
2. Any small entertainment between two greater ones. [R.]
Entrench \En*trench"\, v. t.
See {Intrench}.
Entrepot \En`tre*p[^o]t"\, n. [F.]
A warehouse; a magazine for depositing goods, stores, etc.; a
mart or place where merchandise is deposited; as, an
entrep[^o]t for shipping goods in transit.
Entrepreneur \En`tre*pre*neur"\, n. [F. See {Enterprise}.]
(Polit. Econ.)
One who creates a product on his own account; whoever
undertakes on his own account an industrial enterprise in
which workmen are employed. --F. A. Walker.
Entresol \En`tre*sol"\, n. [F.] (Arch.)
A low story between two higher ones, usually between the
ground floor and the first story; mezzanine. --Parker.
Entrick \En*trick"\, v. t. [Cf. OE. entriken to perplex, OF.
entriquer. Cf. {Trick}, {Intrigue}.]
To trick, to perplex. [Obs.] --Rom. of R.
Entrochal \En"tro*chal\, a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, entrochites, or the joints
of encrinites; -- used of a kind of stone or marble.
Entrochite \En"tro*chite\, n. [Pref. en- + Gr. ? wheel.]
(Paleon.)
A fossil joint of a crinoid stem.
Entropion \En*tro"pi*on\, n. [NL.] (Med.)
Same as {Entropium}.
Entropium \En*tro"pi*um\, n. [NL. See {Entropy}.] (Med.)
The inversion or turning in of the border of the eyelids.
Entropy \En"tro*py\, n. [Gr. ? a turning in; ? in + ? a turn,
fr. ? to turn.] (Thermodynamics)
A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable
quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat
the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves
the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small
amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t
in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is
increased by h ? t. The entropy is regarded as measured from
some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the
thermodynamic function.
The entropy of the universe tends towards a maximum.
--Clausius.
Entrust \En*trust"\, v. t.
See {Intrust}.
Entry \En"try\, n.; pl. {Entries}. [OE. entree, entre, F.
entr['e]e, fr. entrer to enter. See {Enter}, and cf.
{Entr['e]e}.]
1. The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance;
ingress; hence, beginnings or first attempts; as, the
entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a
river into the sea; the entry of air into the blood; an
entry upon an undertaking.
2. The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in
writing the particulars, as of a transaction; as, an entry
of a sale; also, that which is entered; an item.
A notary made an entry of this act. --Bacon.
3. That by which entrance is made; a passage leading into a
house or other building, or to a room; a vestibule; an
adit, as of a mine.
A straight, long entry to the temple led. --Dryden.
4. (Com.) The exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at
the customhouse, to procure license to land goods; or the
giving an account of a ship's cargo to the officer of the
customs, and obtaining his permission to land the goods.
See {Enter}, v. t., 8, and {Entrance}, n., 5.
5. (Law)
(a) The actual taking possession of lands or tenements, by
entering or setting foot on them.
(b) A putting upon record in proper form and order.
(c) The act in addition to breaking essential to
constitute the offense or burglary. --Burrill.
{Bill of entry}. See under {Bill}.
{Double entry}, {Single entry}. See {Bookkeeping}.
{Entry clerk} (Com.), a clerk who makes the original entries
of transactions in a business.
{Writ of entry} (Law), a writ issued for the purpose of
obtaining possession of land from one who has unlawfully
entered and continues in possession. --Bouvier.
Entryng \En"tryng\, n.
Am entrance. [Obs.]
So great an entryng and so large. --Chaucer.
Entune \En*tune"\, v. t.
To tune; to intone. --Chaucer.
Entwine \En*twine"\, v. t. [Pref. en- + twine. Cf. {Intwine}.]
To twine, twist, or wreathe together or round. [Written also
{intwine}.]
Entwined in duskier wreaths her braided locks.
--Shelley.
Thy glorious household stuff did me entwine. --Herbert.
Entwine \En*twine"\, v. i.
To be twisted or twined.
With whose imperial laurels might entwine no cypress.
--De Quincey.
Entwinement \En*twine"ment\, n.
A twining or twisting together or round; union. --Bp. Hacket.
Entwist \En*twist"\, v. t.
To twist or wreathe round; to intwine. --Shak.
Enubilate \E*nu"bi*late\, v. t. [L. enubilatus, p. p. of
enubilare to enubilate; e out + nubila clouds, fr. nubilis
cloudy, nubes cloud.]
To clear from mist, clouds, or obscurity. [R.] --Bailey.
Enubilous \E*nu"bi*lous\, a. [See {Enubilate}.]
Free from fog, mist, or clouds; clear. [R.]
Enucleate \E*nu"cle*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enucleated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Enucleating}.] [L. enucleatus, p. p. of
enucleare to enucleate; e out + nucleus kernel.]
1. To bring or peel out, as a kernel from its enveloping
husks its enveloping husks or shell.
2. (Med.) To remove without cutting (as a tumor).
3. To bring to light; to make clear. --Sclater (1654).
Enucleation \E*nu`cle*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]nucl['e]ation.]
The act of enucleating; elucidation; exposition.
Neither sir, nor water, nor food, seem directly to
contribute anything to the enucleation of this disease.
--Tooke.
Enumerate \E*nu"mer*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enumerated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Enumerating}.] [L. enumeratus, p. p. of
enumerare to count out, enumerate; e out + numerare to count,
fr. numerus number. See {Number}.]
To count; to tell by numbers; to count over, or tell off one
after another; to number; to reckon up; to mention one by
one; to name over; to make a special and separate account of;
to recount; as, to enumerate the stars in a constellation.
Enumerating the services he had done. --Ludlow.
Syn: To reckon; compute; calculate; count; estimate; relate;
rehearse; recapitulate; detail.
Enumeration \E*nu`mer*a"tion\, n. [L. enumeratio: cf. F.
['e]num['e]ration.]
1. The act of enumerating, making separate mention, or
recounting.
2. A detailed account, in which each thing is specially
noticed.
Because almost every man we meet possesses these, we
leave them out of our enumeration. --Paley.
3. (Rhet.) A recapitulation, in the peroration, of the heads
of an argument.
Enumerative \E*nu"mer*a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]num['e]ratif.]
Counting, or reckoning up, one by one.
Enumerative of the variety of evils. --Jer. Taylor.
Enumerator \E*nu"mer*a`tor\, n.
One who enumerates.
Enunciable \E*nun"ci*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being enunciated or expressed.
Enunciate \E*nun"ci*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enunciated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Enunciating}.] [L. enuntiatus, -ciatus, p. p.
of enuntiare, -ciare. See {Enounce}.]
1. To make a formal statement of; to announce; to proclaim;
to declare, as a truth.
The terms in which he enunciates the great doctrines
of the gospel. --Coleridge.
2. To make distinctly audible; to utter articulately; to
pronounce; as, to enunciate a word distinctly.
Enunciate \E*nun"ci*ate\, v. i.
To utter words or syllables articulately.
Enunciation \E*nun`ci*a"tion\ (?; 277), n. [L. enuntiatio,
-ciatio.]
1. The act of enunciating, announcing, proclaiming, or making
known; open attestation; declaration; as, the enunciation
of an important truth.
By way of interpretation and enunciation. --Jer.
Taylor.
2. Mode of utterance or pronunciation, especially as regards
fullness and distinctness or articulation; as, to speak
with a clear or impressive enunciation.
3. That which is enunciated or announced; words in which a
proposition is expressed; an announcement; a formal
declaration; a statement.
Every intelligible enunciation must be either true
or false. --A. Clarke.
Enunciative \E*nun"ci*a*tive\, a. [L. enuntiativus, -ciativus.]
Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation; declarative.
--Ayliffe. -- {E*nun"ci*a*tive*ly}, adv.
Enunciator \E*nun"ci*a`tor\, n. [L. enuntiator, enunciator.]
One who enunciates or proclaims.
Enunciatory \E*nun"ci*a*to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation or utterance.
Enure \En*ure"\, v. t.
See {Inure}.
Enuresis \En`u*re"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? to urinate in; ? + ?
urine.] (Med.)
An involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence of urine.
Envassal \En*vas"sal\, v. t.
To make a vassal of. [Obs.]
Envault \En*vault"\, v. t.
To inclose in a vault; to entomb. [R.] --Swift.
Enveigle \En*vei"gle\, v. t.
To entice. See {Inveigle}.
Envelop \En*vel"op\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enveloped}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Enveloping}.] [OE. envolupen, envolipen, OF.
envoluper, envoleper, F. envelopper; pref. en- (L. in) +
voluper, voleper. See {Develop}.]
To put a covering about; to wrap up or in; to inclose within
a case, wrapper, integument or the like; to surround
entirely; as, to envelop goods or a letter; the fog envelops
a ship.
Nocturnal shades this world envelop. --J. Philips.
Envelope \En"vel*ope\ (?; 277), Envelop \En*vel"op\ (?; 277), n.
[F. enveloppe.]
1. That which envelops, wraps up, encases, or surrounds; a
wrapper; an inclosing cover; esp., the cover or wrapper of
a document, as of a letter.
2. (Astron.) The nebulous covering of the head or nucleus of
a comet; -- called also {coma}.
3. (Fort.) A work of earth, in the form of a single parapet
or of a small rampart. It is sometimes raised in the ditch
and sometimes beyond it. --Wilhelm.
4. (Geom.) A curve or surface which is tangent to each member
of a system of curves or surfaces, the form and position
of the members of the system being allowed to vary
according to some continuous law. Thus, any curve is the
envelope of its tangents.
Envelopment \En*vel"op*ment\, n. [Cf. F. enveloppement.]
1. The act of enveloping or wrapping; an inclosing or
covering on all sides.
2. That which envelops or surrounds; an envelop.
Envenime \En*ven"ime\, v. t.
To envenom. [Obs.]
Envenom \En*ven"om\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Envenomed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Envenoming}.] [OE. envenimen, F. envenimer; pref. en-
(L. in) + F. venin poison. See {Venom}.]
1. To taint or impregnate with venom, or any substance
noxious to life; to poison; to render dangerous or deadly
by poison, as food, drink, a weapon; as, envenomed meat,
wine, or arrow; also, to poison (a person) by impregnating
with venom.
Alcides . . . felt the envenomed robe. --Milton.
O, what a world is this, when what is comely
Envenoms him that bears it! --Shak.
2. To taint or impregnate with bitterness, malice, or hatred;
to imbue as with venom; to imbitter.
The envenomed tongue of calumny. --Smollett.
On the question of slavery opinion has of late years
been peculiarly envenomed. --Sir G. C.
Lewis.
Envermeil \En*ver"meil\, v. t. [Pref. en- + vermeil: cf. OF.
envermeiller. See {Vermil}.]
To color with, or as with, vermilion; to dye red. [Obs.]
--Milton.
Enviable \En"vi*a*ble\, a. [From {Envy}.]
Fitted to excite envy; capable of awakening an ardent desire
to posses or to resemble.
One of most enviable of human beings. --Macaulay.
-- {En"vi*a*ble*ness}, n. -- {En"vi*a*bly}, adv.
Envie \En*vie"\, v. i. [See {Vie}.]
To vie; to emulate; to strive. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Envier \En"vi*er\, n.
One who envies; one who desires inordinately what another
possesses.
Envigor \En*vig"or\, v. t.
To invigorate. [Obs.]
Envious \En"vi*ous\, a. [OF. envios, F. envieux, fr. L.
invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See {Envy}, and cf.
{Invidious}.]
1. Malignant; mischievous; spiteful. [Obs.]
Each envious brier his weary legs doth scratch.
--Shak.
2. Feeling or exhibiting envy; actuated or directed by, or
proceeding from, envy; -- said of a person, disposition,
feeling, act, etc.; jealously pained by the excellence or
good fortune of another; maliciously grudging; -- followed
by of, at, and against; as, an envious man, disposition,
attack; envious tongues.
My soul is envious of mine eye. --Keble.
Neither be thou envious at the wicked. --Prov. xxiv.
19.
3. Inspiring envy. [Obs. or Poetic]
He to him leapt, and that same envious gage Of
victor's glory from him snatched away. --Spenser.
4. Excessively careful; cautious. [Obs.]
No men are so envious of their health. --Jer.
Taylor.
-- {En"vi*ous*ly}, adv. -- {En"vi*ous*ness}, n.
Environ \En*vi"ron\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Environed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Environing}.] [F. environner, fr. environ about,
thereabout; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. viron circle, circuit,
fr. OF. & F. virer to turn, LL. virare to turn up and down,
topsy-turvy. Cf. {Veer}.]
To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to hem in; to be
round about; to involve or envelop.
Dwelling in a pleasant glade, With mountains round
about environed. --Spenser.
Environed he was with many foes. --Shak.
Environ me with darkness whilst I write. --Donne.
Environ \En*vi"ron\, adv. [F.]
About; around. [Obs.]
Lord Godfrey's eye three times environ goes. --Fairfax.
Environment \En*vi"ron*ment\, n. [Cf. F. environnement.]
1. Act of environing; state of being environed.
2. That which environs or surrounds; surrounding conditions,
influences, or forces, by which living forms are
influenced and modified in their growth and development.
It is no friendly environment, this of thine.
--Carlyle.
Environs \En*vi"rons\ (?; 277), n. pl. [F.]
The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in
its neighborhood; suburbs; as, the environs of a city or
town. --Chesterfield.
Envisage \En*vis"age\ (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Envisaged}
(?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. {Envisaging}.] [F. envisager; pref.
en- (L. in) + visage face, visage. See {Visage}.]
To look in the face of; to apprehend; to regard. [R.]
--Keats.
From the very dawn of existence the infant must
envisage self, and body acting on self. --McCosh.
Envisagement \En*vis"age*ment\, n.
The act of envisaging.
Envolume \En*vol"ume\, v. t.
To form into, or incorporate with, a volume. [R.]
Envolup \En*vol"up\, v. t. [See {Envelop}.]
To wrap up; to envelop. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Envoy \En"voy\, n. [F. envoy['e] envoy, fr. envoyer to send;
pref. en- (L. in) + voie way, L. via: cf. F. envoi an envoy
(in sense 2). See {Voyage}, and cf. {Invoice}.]
1. One dispatched upon an errand or mission; a messenger;
esp., a person deputed by a sovereign or a government to
negotiate a treaty, or transact other business, with a
foreign sovereign or government; a minister accredited to
a foreign government. An envoy's rank is below that of an
ambassador.
2. [F. envoi, fr. envoyer to send.] An explanatory or
commendatory postscript to a poem, essay, or book; -- also
in the French from, l'envoi.
The envoy of a ballad is the ``sending'' of it
forth. --Skeat.
Envoyship \En"voy*ship\, n.
The office or position of an envoy.
Envy \En"vy\, n.; pl. {Envies}. [F. envie, L. invidia envious;
akin to invidere to look askance at, to look with enmity; in
against + videre to see. See {Vision}.]
1. Malice; ill will; spite. [Obs.]
If he evade us there, Enforce him with his envy to
the people. --Shak.
2. Chagrin, mortification, discontent, or uneasiness at the
sight of another's excellence or good fortune, accompanied
with some degree of hatred and a desire to possess equal
advantages; malicious grudging; -- usually followed by of;
as, they did this in envy of C[ae]sar.
Envy is a repining at the prosperity or good of
another, or anger and displeasure at any good of
another which we want, or any advantage another hath
above us. --Ray.
No bliss Enjoyed by us excites his envy more.
--Milton.
Envy, to which the ignoble mind's a slave, Is
emulation in the learned or brave. --Pope.
3. Emulation; rivalry. [Obs.]
Such as cleanliness and decency Prompt to a virtuous
envy. --Ford.
4. Public odium; ill repute. [Obs.]
To lay the envy of the war upon Cicero. --B. Jonson.
5. An object of envious notice or feeling.
This constitution in former days used to be the envy
of the world. --Macaulay.
Envy \En"vy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Envied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Envying}.] [F. envier.]
1. To feel envy at or towards; to be envious of; to have a
feeling of uneasiness or mortification in regard to (any
one), arising from the sight of another's excellence or
good fortune and a longing to possess it.
A woman does not envy a man for his fighting
courage, nor a man a woman for her beauty.
--Collier.
Whoever envies another confesses his superiority.
--Rambler.
2. To feel envy on account of; to have a feeling of grief or
repining, with a longing to possess (some excellence or
good fortune of another, or an equal good fortune, etc.);
to look with grudging upon; to begrudge.
I have seen thee fight, When I have envied thy
behavior. --Shak.
Jeffrey . . . had actually envied his friends their
cool mountain breezes. --Froude.
3. To long after; to desire strongly; to covet.
Or climb his knee the envied kiss to share. --T.
Gray.
4. To do harm to; to injure; to disparage. [Obs.]
If I make a lie To gain your love and envy my best
mistress, Put me against a wall. --J. Fletcher.
5. To hate. [Obs.] --Marlowe.
6. To emulate. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Envy \En"vy\, v. i.
1. To be filled with envious feelings; to regard anything
with grudging and longing eyes; -- used especially with
at.
Who would envy at the prosperity of the wicked?
--Jer. Taylor.
2. To show malice or ill will; to rail. [Obs.] ``He has . . .
envied against the people.'' --Shak.
Envyned \En*vyned"\, a. [OF. enviner to store with wine; pref.
en- (L. in) + vin wine. See {Vine}.]
Stored or furnished with wine. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Enwall \En*wall"\, v. t.
See {Inwall}. --Sir P. Sidney.
Enwallow \En*wal"low\, v. t.
To plunge into, or roll in, flith; to wallow.
So now all three one senseless lump remain, Enwallowed
in his own black bloody gore. --Spenser.
Enwheel \En*wheel"\, v. t.
To encircle. --Shak.
Enwiden \En*wid"en\, v. t.
To widen. [Obs.]
Enwind \En*wind"\, v. t.
To wind about; to encircle.
In the circle of his arms Enwound us both. --Tennyson.
Enwoman \En*wom"an\, v. t.
To endow with the qualities of a woman. [R.] --Daniel.
Enwomb \En*womb"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Enwombed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Enwombing}.]
1. To conceive in the womb. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. To bury, as it were in a womb; to hide, as in a gulf, pit,
or cavern. --Donne.
Enwrap \En*wrap"\, v. t.
To envelop. See {Inwrap}.
Enwrapment \En*wrap"ment\, n.
Act of enwrapping; a wrapping or an envelope. --Shuckford.
Enwreathe \En*wreathe"\, v. t.
See {Inwreathe}. --Shelton.
Enzootic \En`zo*["o]t"ic\, a. [Gr. ? in + ? an animal: cf. F.
enzo["o]tique.]
Afflicting animals; -- used of a disease affecting the
animals of a district. It corresponds to an endemic disease
among men.
Enzyme \En"zyme\, n. [Pref. en- (Gr. ? in) + Gr. ? leaven.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
An unorganized or unformed ferment, in distinction from an
organized or living ferment; a soluble, or chemical, ferment.
Ptyalin, pepsin, diastase, and rennet are good examples of
enzymes.
Eocene \E"o*cene\, a. [Gr. ? daybreak, dawn + ? new, recent.]
(Geol.)
Pertaining to the first in time of the three subdivisions
into which the Tertiary formation is divided by geologists,
and alluding to the approximation in its life to that of the
present era; as, Eocene deposits. -- n. The Eocene formation.
--Lyell.
Eolian \E*o"li*an\, a. [See {[AE]olian}.]
1. [AE]olian.
2. (Geol.) Formed, or deposited, by the action of wind, as
dunes.
{Eolian attachment}, {Eolian harp}. See {[AE]olian}.
Eolic \E*ol"ic\, a. & n.
See {[AE]olic}.
Eolipile \E*ol"i*pile\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]olipyle.]
Same as {[AE]olipile}.
Eolis \E"o*lis\, n. [L. Aeolis a daughter of [AE]olus, Gr.
A'ioli`s.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of nudibranch mollusks having clusters of branchial
papill[ae] along the back. See {Ceratobranchia}. [Written
also {[AE]olis}.]
Eon \E"on\, AEon \[AE]"on\, n. [L. aeon, fr. Gr. a'iwn space or
period of time, lifetime, age; akin to L. aevum. See {Age}.]
1. An immeasurable or infinite space of time; eternity; a
long space of time; an age.
The eons of geological time. --Huxley.
2. (Gnostic Philos.) One of the embodiments of the divine
attributes of the Eternal Being.
Among the higher [AE]ons are Mind, Reason, Power,
Truth, and Life. --Am. Cyc.
Note: Eons were considered to be emanations sent forth by God
from the depths of His grand solitude to fulfill
various functions in the material and spiritual
universe.
Eophyte \E"o*phyte\, n. [Gr. ? dawn + ? a plant.] (Paleon.)
A fossil plant which is found in the lowest beds of the
Silurian age.
Eophytic \E`o*phyt"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to eophytes.
Eos \E"os\, n. [L., fr. Gr. 'Hw`s.] (Gr. Myth.)
Aurora, the goddess of morn.
Eosaurus \E`o*sau"rus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn + say^ros
lizard.] (Paleon.)
An extinct marine reptile from the coal measures of Nova
Scotia; -- so named because supposed to be of the earliest
known reptiles.
Eosin \E"o*sin\, n. [Gr. ? dawn.] (Chem.)
A yellow or brownish red dyestuff obtained by the action of
bromine on fluoresce["i]n, and named from the fine rose-red
which it imparts to silk. It is also used for making a fine
red ink. Its solution is fluorescent.
Eosphorite \E*os"pho*rite\, n. [From Gr. ? Bringer of morn.]
(Min.)
A hydrous phosphate of alumina and manganese. It is generally
of a rose-pink color, -- whence the name.
Eozoic \E`o*zo"ic\, a. [See {Eozo["o]n}.] (Geol.)
Of or pertaining to rocks or strata older than the Paleozoic,
in many of which the eozo["o]n has been found.
Note: This term has been proposed for the strata formerly
called Azoic, and is preferred especially by those
geologists who regard the eozo["o]n as of organic
origin. See {Arch[ae]an}.
Eozoon \E`o*zo"["o]n\, n.; pl. {Eozo["o]ns}, L. {Eozoa}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn + zw^,on an animal.] (Paleon.)
A peculiar structure found in the Arch[ae]an limestones of
Canada and other regions. By some geologists it is believed
to be a species of gigantic Foraminifera, but others consider
it a concretion, without organic structure.
Eozoonal \E`o*zo"["o]n*al\ ([=e]`[-o]*z[=o]"[o^]n*al), a.
(Paleon.)
Pertaining to the eozo["o]n; containing eozo["o]ns; as,
eozo["o]nal limestone.
Ep- \Ep-\ ([e^]p-). [Gr. 'epi`.]
See {Epi-}.
Epacris \Ep"a*cris\ ([e^]p"[.a]*kr[i^]s), n. [NL., from Gr.
'e`pakros pointed at the end. So called in allusion to the
sharply pointed leaves.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs, natives of Australia, New Zealand, etc.,
having pretty white, red, or purple blossoms, and much
resembling heaths.
Epact \E"pact\ ([=e]"p[a^]kt), n. [F. ['e]pacte, fr. Gr.
'epakto`s brought on or in, added, fr. 'epa`gein to bring on
or in; 'epi` on, in + 'a`gein to bring or lead. See {Epi-},
and {Act}.] (Chron.)
The moon's age at the beginning of the calendar year, or the
number of days by which the last new moon has preceded the
beginning of the year.
{Annual epact}, the excess of the solar year over the lunar
year, -- being eleven days.
{Menstrual epact}, or {Monthly epact}, the excess of a
calendar month over a lunar.
Epagoge \Ep`a*go"ge\, n. [L., from Gr. 'epagwgh` a bringing in,
fr. 'epa`gein. See {Epact}.] (Logic)
The adducing of particular examples so as to lead to a
universal conclusion; the argument by induction.
Epagogic \Ep`a*gog"ic\, a.
Inductive. --Latham.
Epalate \E*pal"ate\, a. [Pref. e- + palpus.] (Zo["o]l.)
Without palpi.
Epanadiplosis \Ep*an`a*di*plo"sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; 'epi` + ?
to make double.] (Rhet.)
A figure by which the same word is used both at the beginning
and at the end of a sentence; as, ``Rejoice in the Lord
always: and again I say, Rejoice.'' --Phil. iv. 4.
Epanalepsis \Ep*an`a*lep"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; 'epi` + ? to
take up.] (Rhet.)
A figure by which the same word or clause is repeated after
intervening matter. --Gibbs.
Epanaphora \Ep`a*naph"o*ra\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a recurrence;
'epi` + ? to bring or carry back.] (Rhet.)
Same as {Anaphora}. --Gibbs.
Epanastrophe \Ep`a*nas"tro*phe\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? a return,
epanastrophe; 'epi` + ? to return.] (Rhet.)
Same as {Anadiplosis}. --Gibbs.
Epanodos \E*pan"o*dos\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a rising, return;
'epi` + ? a way up, rising; ? up + ? way.] (Rhet.)
A figure of speech in which the parts of a sentence or clause
are repeated in inverse order, as in the following:
O more exceeding love, or law more just? Just law,
indeed, but more exceeding love! --Milton.
Epanody \E*pan"o*dy\, n. [See {Epanodos}.] (Bot.)
The abnormal change of an irregular flower to a regular form;
-- considered by evolutionists to be a reversion to an
ancestral condition.
Epanorthosis \Ep`an*or*tho"sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; 'epi` + ? to
set right again; ? again + ? to set straight.]
A figure by which a speaker recalls a word or words, in order
to substitute something else stronger or more significant;
as, Most brave! Brave, did I say? most heroic act!
Epanthous \Ep*an"thous\, a. [Pref. ep- + Gr. ? flower.] (Bot.)
Growing upon flowers; -- said of certain species of fungi.
Eparch \Ep"arch\, n. [Gr. ?; over + ? chief, ? supreme power,
dominion.]
In ancient Greece, the governor or perfect of a province; in
modern Greece, the ruler of an eparchy.
Eparchy \Ep"arch*y\, n. [Gr. ? the post or office of an ?.]
A province, prefecture, or territory, under the jurisdiction
of an eparch or governor; esp., in modern Greece, one of the
larger subdivisions of a monarchy or province of the kingdom;
in Russia, a diocese or archdiocese.
Eparterial \Ep`ar*te"ri*al\, a. [Pref. ep- + arterial.] (Anat.)
Situated upon or above an artery; -- applied esp. to the
branches of the bronchi given off above the point where the
pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.
Epaule \E*paule"\, n. [F. ['e]paule shoulder, shoulder of a
bastion. See {Epaulet}, and cf. {Spall} the shoulder.]
(Fort.)
The shoulder of a bastion, or the place where its face and
flank meet and form the angle, called the angle of the
shoulder.
Epaulement \E*paule"ment\, n. [F. ['e]paulement.] (Fort.)
A side work, made of gabions, fascines, or bags, filled with
earth, or of earth heaped up, to afford cover from the
flanking fire of an enemy.
Epaulet \Ep"au*let`\, Epaulette \Ep"au*lette`\, n. [F.
['e]paulette, dim. of ['e]paule shoulder, fr. L. spatula a
broad piece (LL., shoulder), dim. of spatha abroad, flat
instrument, fr. Gr. ?, also, a broad rib, shoulder blade. See
{Spade} the instrument, and cf. {Epaule}, {Spatula}.] (Mil.)
A shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval
officers, differences of rank being marked by some peculiar
form or device, as a star, eagle, etc.; a shoulder knot.
Note: In the United States service the epaulet is reserved
for full dress uniform. Its use was abolished in the
British army in 1855.
Epauleted \Ep"au*let`ed\, Epauletted \Ep"au*let`ted\, a.
Wearing epaulets; decorated with epaulets.
Epaxial \Ep*ax"i*al\, a. [Pref. ep- + axial.] (Anat.)
Above, or on the dorsal side of, the axis of the skeleton;
episkeletal.
Epeira \E*pei"ra\, n. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of spiders, including the common garden spider ({E.
diadema}). They spin geometrical webs. See {Garden spider}.
Epen \Ep"en\, n. (Anat.)
See {Epencephalon}.
Epencephalic \Ep`en*ce*phal"ic\, a. (Anat.)
(a) Pertaining to the epencephalon.
(b) Situated on or over the brain.
Epencephalon \Ep`en*ceph"a*lon\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon,
near + ? brain.] (Anat.)
The segment of the brain next behind the midbrain, including
the cerebellum and pons; the hindbrain. Sometimes abbreviated
to epen.
Ependyma \Ep*en"dy*ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? an upper garment;
'epi` upon + ? a garment; ? in + ? to put on.] (Anat.)
The epithelial lining of the ventricles of the brain and the
canal of the spinal cord; endyma; ependymis.
Ependymis \Ep*en"dy*mis\, n. [NL.]
See {Ependyma}.
Epenetic \Ep`e*net"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, from ? to praise; 'epi` + ?
to praise.]
Bestowing praise; eulogistic; laudatory. [Obs.] --E.
Phillips.
Epenthesis \E*pen"the*sis\, n.; pl. {Epentheses}. [L., fr. Gr.
?; 'epi` + ? to put or set in.] (Gram.)
The insertion of a letter or a sound in the body of a word;
as, the b in ``nimble'' from AS. n[=e]mol.
Epenthetic \Ep`en*thet"ic\, a. [Gr. ?: cf. F.
['e]penth['e]tique.] (Gram.)
Inserted in the body of a word; as, an epenthetic letter or
sound.
'Epergne \['E]`pergne"\, n. [F. ['e]pargne a sparing or saving;
a treasury. ``Our ['e]pergne is a little treasury of
sweetmeats, fruits, and flowers.'' --Brewer.]
A centerpiece for table decoration, usually consisting of
several dishes or receptacles of different sizes grouped
together in an ornamental design.
'Eperlan \['E]`per`lan"\, n. [F. ['e]perlan, fr. G. spierling.
See {Sparling}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The European smelt ({Osmerus eperlanus}).
Epexegesis \Ep*ex`e*ge"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? detailed
narrative, fr. ? to recount in detail; 'epi` + ? to lead,
point out. See {Exegesis}.]
A full or additional explanation; exegesis.
Epexegetical \Ep*ex`e*get"ic*al\, a.
Relating to epexegesis; explanatory; exegetical.
Ephah \E"phah\, or Epha \E"pha\, n. [Heb. ??????.]
A Hebrew dry measure, supposed to be equal to two pecks and
five quarts. ten ephahs make one homer.
Ephemera \E*phem"e*ra\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a day fly, fr. ?
daily, lasting but a day; ? over + ? day.]
1. (Med.) A fever of one day's continuance only.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of insects including the day flies, or
ephemeral flies. See {Ephemeral fly}, under {Ephemeral}.
Ephemeral \E*phem"er*al\, a.
1. Beginning and ending in a day; existing only, or no longer
than, a day; diurnal; as, an ephemeral flower.
2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a short time only.
``Ephemeral popularity.'' --V. Knox.
Sentences not of ephemeral, but of eternal,
efficacy. --Sir J.
Stephen.
{Ephemeral fly} (Zo["o]l.), one of a group of neuropterous
insects, belonging to the genus {Ephemera} and many allied
genera, which live in the adult or winged state only for a
short time. The larv[ae] are aquatic; -- called also {day
fly} and {May fly}.
Ephemeral \E*phem"er*al\, n.
Anything lasting but a day, or a brief time; an ephemeral
plant, insect, etc.
Ephemeran \E*phem"er*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the ephemeral flies.
Ephemeric \E*phem"e*ric\, a.
Ephemeral.
Ephemeris \E*phem"e*ris\, n.; pl. {Ephemerides}. [L., a diary,
Gr. ?, also, a calendar, fr. ?. See {Ephemera}.]
1. A diary; a journal. --Johnson.
2. (Anat.)
(a) A publication giving the computed places of the
heavenly bodies for each day of the year, with other
numerical data, for the use of the astronomer and
navigator; an astronomical almanac; as, the ``American
Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac.''
(b) Any tabular statement of the assigned places of a
heavenly body, as a planet or comet, on several
successive days.
3. (Literature) A collective name for reviews, magazines, and
all kinds of periodical literature. --Brande & C.
Ephemerist \E*phem"er*ist\, n.
1. One who studies the daily motions and positions of the
planets. --Howell.
2. One who keeps an ephemeris; a journalist.
Ephemeron \E*phem"e*ron\, n.; pl. {Ephemera}. [NL. See
{Ephemera}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the ephemeral flies.
Ephemerous \E*phem"er*ous\, a.
Ephemeral. [R.] --Burke.
Ephesian \E*phe"sian\ (?; 106), a. [L. Ephesius: cf. F.
['e]ph['e]sien.]
Of or pertaining to Ephesus, an ancient city of Ionia, in
Asia Minor.
Ephesian \E*phe"sian\, n.
1. A native of Ephesus.
2. A jolly companion; a roisterer. [Obs.] --Shak.
Ephialtes \Eph`i*al"tes\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, lit., one who
leaps upon.]
The nightmare. --Brande & C.
Ephippial \E*phip"pi*al\, a.
Saddle-shaped; occupying an ephippium. --Dana.
Ephippium \E*phip"pi*um\, n. [L., saddle cloth, fr. Gr. ?; 'epi`
on + ? horse.]
1. (Anat.) A depression in the sphenoid bone; the pituitary
fossa.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A saddle-shaped cavity to contain the winter
eggs, situated on the back of Cladocera.
Ephod \Eph"od\, n. [Heb. ?????, fr. '[=a]phad to put on.] (Jew.
Antiq.)
A part of the sacerdotal habit among Jews, being a covering
for the back and breast, held together on the shoulders by
two clasps or brooches of onyx stones set in gold, and
fastened by a girdle of the same stuff as the ephod. The
ephod for the priests was of plain linen; that for the high
priest was richly embroidered in colors. The breastplate of
the high priest was worn upon the ephod in front. --Exodus
xxviii. 6-12.
Ephor \Eph"or\, n.; pl. {Ephors}, L. {Ephori}. [L. ephorus, Gr.
?, fr. ? to oversee; ? + ? to see: cf. F. ['e]phore.] (Gr.
Antiq.)
A magistrate; one of a body of five magistrates chosen by the
people of ancient Sparta. They exercised control even over
the king.
Ephoral \Eph"or*al\, a.
Pertaining to an ephor.
Ephoralty \Eph"or*al*ty\, n.
The office of an ephor, or the body of ephors.
Ephraim \E"phra*im\, n. [The proper name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A hunter's name for the grizzly bear.
Ephyra \Eph"y*ra\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, an old name of Corinth.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A stage in the development of discophorous medus[ae], when
they first begin to swim about after being detached from the
strobila. See {Strobila}.
Epi- \Ep"i-\ [Gr. 'epi` on, upon, to; akin to Skr. api besides,
and prob. to L. ob to, before, on account of, and perh. to E.
of, off.]
A prefix, meaning upon, beside, among, on the outside, above,
over. It becomes ep-before a vowel, as in epoch, and
eph-before a Greek aspirate, as in ephemeral.
Epiblast \Ep"i*blast\, n. [Pref. epi- + -blast.] (Biol.)
The outer layer of the blastoderm; the ectoderm. See
{Blastoderm}, {Delamination}.
Epiblastic \Ep`i*blas"tic\, a. (Biol.)
Of or relating to, or consisting of, the epiblast.
Epiblema \Ep`i*ble"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a cover; ? over + ?
to throw.] (Bot.)
The epidermal cells of rootlets, specially adapted to absorb
liquids. --Goodale.
Epibolic \Ep`i*bol"ic\, a. [Gr. ? to throw upon, add to; 'epi`
upon + ? to throw.] (Biol.)
Growing or covering over; -- said of a kind of invagination.
See under {Invagination}.
Epiboly \E*pib"o*ly\, n. [Cf. Gr. ? a throwing upon.] (Biol.)
Epibolic invagination. See under {Invagination}.
Epibranchial \Ep`i*bran"chi*al\, a. [Pref. epi- + branchial.]
(Anat.)
Pertaining to the segment between the ceratobranchial and
pharyngobranchial in a branchial arch. -- n. An epibranchial
cartilage or bone.
Epic \Ep"ic\, a. [L. epicus, Gr. ?, from ? a word, speech, tale,
song; akin to L. vox voice: cf. F. ['e]pique. See {Voice}.]
Narrated in a grand style; pertaining to or designating a
kind of narrative poem, usually called an heroic poem, in
which real or fictitious events, usually the achievements of
some hero, are narrated in an elevated style.
The epic poem treats of one great, complex action, in a
grand style and with fullness of detail. --T. Arnold.
Epic \Ep"ic\, n.
An epic or heroic poem. See {Epic}, a.
Epical \Ep"ic*al\, a.
Epic. -- {Ep"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Poems which have an epical character. --Brande & C.
His [Wordsworth's] longer poems (miscalled epical).
--Lowell.
Epicardiac \Ep`i*car"di*ac\, a. (Anat.)
Of or relating to the epicardium.
Epicardium \Ep`i*car"di*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + ?
heart.] (Anat.)
That of the pericardium which forms the outer surface of the
heart; the cardiac pericardium.
Epicarican \Ep`i*car"i*can\, n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ?, ?, a
shrimp.] (Zo["o]l.)
An isopod crustacean, parasitic on shrimps.
Epicarp \Ep"i*carp\, [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? fruit.] (Bot.)
The external or outermost layer of a fructified or ripened
ovary. See Illust. under {Endocarp}.
Epicede \Ep"i*cede\, n. [L. epicedion, Gr. ? dirge, elegy, fr. ?
funereal; ? + ? care, sorrow: cf. F. ['e]pic[`e]de.]
A funeral song or discourse; an elegy. [R.] --Donne.
Epicedial \Ep`i*ce"di*al\, a.
Elegiac; funereal.
Epicedian \Ep`i*ce"di*an\, a.
Epicedial. -- n. An epicede.
Epicedium \Ep`i*ce"di*um\, n. [L.]
An epicede.
Epicene \Ep"i*cene\, a. & n. [L. epicoenus, Gr. ?; fr. 'epi` + ?
common; cf. F. ['e]pic[`e]ne.]
1. Common to both sexes; -- a term applied, in grammar, to
such nouns as have but one form of gender, either the
masculine or feminine, to indicate animals of both sexes;
as boy^s, bos, for the ox and cow; sometimes applied to
eunuchs and hermaphrodites.
2. Fig.: Sexless; neither one thing nor the other.
The literary prigs epicene. --Prof.
Wilson.
He represented an epicene species, neither churchman
nor layman. --J. A.
Symonds.
Epicentral \Ep`i*cen"tral\, a. [Pref. epi- + centrum.] (Anat.)
Arising from the centrum of a vertebra. --Owen.
Epicerastic \Ep`i*ce*ras"tic\, a. [Gr. ? tempering the humors;
'epi` + ? to mix: cf. F. ['e]pic['e]rastique.] (Med.)
Lenient; assuaging. [Obs.]
Epichirema \Ep`i*chi*re"ma\, n.; pl. {Epichiremata}. [L., fr.
Gr. ?, from ? to attempt to prove.] (Rhet. & Logic)
A syllogism in which the proof of the major or minor premise,
or both, is introduced with the premises themselves, and the
conclusion is derived in the ordinary manner. [Written also
{epicheirema}.]
Epichordal \Ep`i*chor"dal\, a. [Pref. epi- + chordal.] (Anat.)
Upon or above the notochord; -- applied esp. to a vertebral
column which develops upon the dorsal side of the notochord,
as distinguished from a perichordal column, which develops
around it.
Epichorial \Ep`i*cho"ri*al\, a. [Gr. ?; ? over + ? country.]
In or of the country. [R.]
Epichorial superstitions from every district of Europe.
--De Quincey.
Epicleidium \Ep`i*clei"di*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + ? a
little key.] (Anat.)
A projection, formed by a separate ossification, at the
scapular end of the clavicle of many birds.
Epiclinal \Ep`i*cli"nal\, a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? a couch.]
(Bot.)
Situated on the receptacle or disk of a flower.
Epicoele \Ep"i*coele\, n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? a hollow.] (Anat.)
A cavity formed by the invagination of the outer wall of the
body, as the atrium of an amphioxus and possibly the body
cavity of vertebrates.
Epicoene \Ep"i*coene\, a.
Epicene. [R.] --Hadley.
Epicolic \Ep`i*col"ic\, a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? colon.] (Anat.)
Situated upon or over the colon; -- applied to the region of
the abdomen adjacent to the colon.
Epicondylar \Ep`i*con"dy*lar\, n. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, an epicondyle.
Epicondyle \Ep`i*con"dyle\, n. [Pref. epi- + condyle.] (Anat.)
A projection on the inner side of the distal end of the
numerus; the internal condyle.
Epicoracoid \Ep`i*cor"a*coid\, n. [Pref. epi- + coracoid.]
(Anat.)
A ventral cartilaginous or bony element of the coracoid in
the shoulder girdle of some vertebrates.
Epicranial \Ep`i*cra"ni*al\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the epicranium; as epicranial muscles.
Epicranium \Ep`i*cra"ni*um\, n. [NL. See {Epi-}, and {Cranium}.]
1. (Anat.) The upper and superficial part of the head,
including the scalp, muscles, etc.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The dorsal wall of the head of insects.
Epictetain \Ep`ic*te"tain\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? Epictetus.]
Pertaining to Epictetus, the Roman Stoic philosopher, whose
conception of life was to be passionless under whatever
circumstances.
Epicure \Ep"i*cure\, n. [L. Epicurus, Gr. ?, a famous Greek
philosopher, who has been regarded, but erroneously, as
teaching a doctrine of refined voluptuousness.]
1. A follower of Epicurus; an Epicurean. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. One devoted to dainty or luxurious sensual enjoyments,
esp. to the luxuries of the table.
Syn: Voluptuary; sensualist.
Epicurean \Ep`i*cu*re"an\ (?; 277), a. [L. Epicureus, Gr. ?: cf.
['e]picurien.]
1. Pertaining to Epicurus, or following his philosophy. ``The
sect Epicurean.'' --Milton.
2. Given to luxury; adapted to luxurious tastes; luxurious;
pertaining to good eating.
Courses of the most refined and epicurean dishes.
--Prescott.
{Epicurean philosophy}. See {Atomic philosophy}, under
{Atomic}.
Epicurean \Ep`i*cu*re"an\, n.
1. A follower or Epicurus.
2. One given to epicurean indulgence.
Epicureanism \Ep`i*cu*re"an*ism\, n.
Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus; the principles or
belief of Epicurus.
Epicurely \Ep"i*cure`ly\, adv.
Luxuriously. --Nash.
Epicureous \Ep`i*cu*re"ous\, a.
Epicurean. [Obs.]
Epicurism \Ep"i*cu*rism\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]picurisme.]
1. The doctrines of Epicurus.
2. Epicurean habits of living; luxury.
Epicurize \Ep"i*cu*rize\, v. i.
1. To profess or tend towards the doctrines of Epicurus.
--Cudworth.
2. To feed or indulge like an epicure. --Fuller.
Epicycle \Ep"i*cy`cle\, n. [L. epicyclus, Gr. ?; 'epi` upon + ?
circle. See {Cycle}.]
1. (Ptolemaic Astron.) A circle, whose center moves round in
the circumference of a greater circle; or a small circle,
whose center, being fixed in the deferent of a planet, is
carried along with the deferent, and yet, by its own
peculiar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened
to it round its proper center.
The schoolmen were like astronomers which did feign
eccentries, and epicycles, and such engines of orbs.
--Bacon.
2. (Mech.) A circle which rolls on the circumference of
another circle, either externally or internally.
Epicyclic \Ep`i*cyc"lic\, a.
Pertaining to, resembling, or having the motion of, an
epicycle.
{Epicyclic train} (Mach.), a train of mechanism in which
epicyclic motion is involved; esp., a train of spur
wheels, bevel wheels, or belt pulleys, in which an arm,
carrying one or more of the wheels, sweeps around a center
lying in an axis common to the other wheels.
Epicycloid \Ep`i*cy"cloid\, n. [Epicycle + -oid: cf. F.
['e]picyclo["i]de.] (Geom.)
A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle
which rolls on the convex side of a fixed circle.
Note: Any point rigidly connected with the rolling circle,
but not in its circumference, traces a curve called an
epitrochoid. The curve traced by a point in the
circumference of the rolling circle when it rolls on
the concave side of a fixed circle is called a
hypocycloid; the curve traced by a point rigidly
connected with the rolling circle in this case, but not
its circumference, is called a hypotrochoid. All the
curves mentioned above belong to the class class called
roulettes or trochoids. See {Trochoid}.
Epicycloidal \Ep`i*cy*cloid"al\, a.
Pertaining to the epicycloid, or having its properties.
{Epicycloidal wheel}, a device for producing straight-line
motion from circular motion, on the principle that a pin
fastened in the periphery of a gear wheel will describe a
straight line when the wheel rolls around inside a fixed
internal gear of twice its diameter.
Epideictic \Ep`i*deic"tic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to show forth,
display; 'epi` + ? to show. Cf. {Epidictic}.]
Serving to show forth, explain, or exhibit; -- applied by the
Greeks to a kind of oratory, which, by full amplification,
seeks to persuade.
Epidemic \Ep`i*dem"ic\, Epidemical \Ep`i*dem"ic*al\, a. [L.
epidemus, Gr. ?, ?, among the people, epidemic; ? in + ?
people: cf. F. ['e]pid['e]mique. Cf. {Demagogue}.]
1. (Med.) Common to, or affecting at the same time, a large
number in a community; -- applied to a disease which,
spreading widely, attacks many persons at the same time;
as, an epidemic disease; an epidemic catarrh, fever, etc.
See {Endemic}.
2. Spreading widely, or generally prevailing; affecting great
numbers, as an epidemic does; as, epidemic rage; an
epidemic evil.
It was the epidemical sin of the nation. --Bp.
Burnet.
Epidemic \Ep`i*dem"ic\, n. [Cf. {Epidemy}.]
1. (Med.) An epidemic disease.
2. Anything which takes possession of the minds of people as
an epidemic does of their bodies; as, an epidemic of
terror.
Epidemically \Ep`i*dem"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In an epidemic manner.
Epidemiography \Ep`i*de`mi*og"ra*phy\, n. [Epidemy + -graphy.]
(Med.)
A treatise upon, or history of, epidemic diseases.
Epidemiological \Ep`i*de`mi*o*log"ic*al\, a.
Connected with, or pertaining to, epidemiology.
Epidemiologist \Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gist\, n.
A person skilled in epidemiology.
Epidemiology \Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gy\, n. [Epidemy + -logy.] (Med.)
That branch of science which treats of epidemics.
Epidemy \Ep"i*dem`y\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ?: cf. F. ['e]pid['e]mie.
See {Epidemic}.] (Med.)
An epidemic disease. --Dunglison.
Epiderm \Ep"i*derm\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]piderme. See {Epidermis}.]
(Anat.)
The epidermis.
Epidermal \Ep`i*der"mal\, a.
Of or pertaining to the epidermis; epidermic; cuticular.
Epidermatic \Ep`i*der*mat"ic\, a.
Epidermal. [R.]
Epidermatoid \Ep`i*der"ma*toid\, a. [Gr. 'epi` upon + de`rma,
-atos, skin + -oid. Cf. {Epidermoid}.] (Anat.)
Epidermoid. --Owen.
Epidermeous \Ep`i*der"me*ous\, a.
Epidermal. [R.]
Epidermic \Ep`i*der"mic\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]pidermique.]
Epidermal; connected with the skin or the bark.
{Epidermic administration of medicine} (Med.), the
application of medicine to the skin by friction.
Epidermical \Ep`i*der"mic*al\, a.
Epidermal. [R.]
Epidermidal \Ep`i*der"mi*dal\, a.
Epidermal. [R.]
Epidermis \Ep`i*der"mis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; ? over + ? skin,
fr. ? to skin. See {Tear}, v. t.]
1. (Anat.) The outer, nonsensitive layer of the skin;
cuticle; scarfskin. See {Dermis}.
2. (Bot.) The outermost layer of the cells, which covers both
surfaces of leaves, and also the surface of stems, when
they are first formed. As stems grow old this layer is
lost, and never replaced.
Epidermoid \Ep`i*der"moid\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]pidermo["i]de.]
(Anat.)
Like epidermis; pertaining to the epidermis.
Epidermose \Ep`i*der"mose\, n. [See {Epidermis}.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
Keratin.
Epidictic \Ep`i*dic"tic\, Epidictical \Ep`i*dic"tic*al\, a. [L.
epidictius. See {Epideictic}.]
Serving to explain; demonstrative.
Epididymis \Ep`i*did"y*mis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; 'epi` upon + ?
testicle.] (Anat.)
An oblong vermiform mass on the dorsal side of the testicle,
composed of numerous convolutions of the excretory duct of
that organ. -- {Ep`i*did"y*mal}, a.
Epididymitis \Ep`i*did`y*mi"tis\, n. [NL. See {Epididymis}, and
{-itis}.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the epididymis, one of the common results of
gonorrhea.
Epidote \Ep"i*dote\, n. [Gr. ? to give besides; ? over + ? to
give: cf. F. ['e]pidote. So named from the enlargement of the
base of the primary, in some of the secondary forms.] (Min.)
A mineral, commonly of a yellowish green (pistachio) color,
occurring granular, massive, columnar, and in monoclinic
crystals. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and oxide of
iron, or manganese.
Note: The Epidote group includes ordinary epidote, zoisite or
lime epidote, piedmontite or manganese epidote,
allanite or serium epidote.
Epidotic \Ep`i*dot"ic\,, a.
Related to, resembling, or containing epidote; as, an
epidotic granite.
Epigaea \Ep`i*g[ae]"a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + ? earth.]
(Bot.)
An American genus of plants, containing but a single species
({E. repens}), the trailing arbutus.
Epigaeous \Ep`i*g[ae]"ous\, a. [Gr. ?. See {Epig[ae]a}, and cf.
{Epigee}.] (Bot.)
Growing on, or close to, the ground.
Epigastrial \Ep`i*gas"tri*al\, a. (Anat.)
Epigastric.
Epigastric \Ep`i*gas"tric\, a. [Gr. ? over the belly; 'epi` upon
+ ? belly: cf. F. ['e]pigastrique.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the epigastrium, or to the
epigastric region.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Over the stomach; -- applied to two of the
areas of the carapace of crabs.
{Epigastric region}. (Anat.)
(a) The whole upper part of the abdomen.
(b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen above the
umbilical and between the two hypochondriac regions.
Epigastrium \Ep`i*gas"tri*um\, n. [NL., from Gr. ?.] (Anat.)
The upper part of the abdomen.
Epigeal \Ep`i*ge"al\, a. (Bot.)
Epig[ae]ous. [R.]
Epigee \Ep"i*gee\, n. [NL. epigeum, fr. Gr. ? upon the earth.
See {Epig[ae]a}.]
See {Perigee}. [Obs.]
Epigene \Ep"i*gene\, a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? to be born, grow.]
1. (Crystallog.) Foreign; unnatural; unusual; -- said of
forms of crystals not natural to the substances in which
they are found.
2. (Geol.) Formed originating on the surface of the earth; --
opposed to hypogene; as, epigene rocks.
Epigenesis \Ep`i*gen"e*sis\, n. [Pref. epi- + genesis.] (Biol.)
The theory of generation which holds that the germ is created
entirely new, not merely expanded, by the procreative power
of the parents. It is opposed to the theory of evolution,
also to syngenesis.
Epigenesist \Ep`i*gen"e*sist\, n. (Biol.)
One who believes in, or advocates the theory of, epigenesis.
Epigenetic \Ep`i*ge*net"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to the epigenesis; produced according to the
theory of epigenesis.
Epigeous \Ep`i*ge"ous\, a.
Same as {Epig[ae]ous}.
Epigeum \Ep*i*ge"um\, n. [NL. See {Epigee}.]
See {Perigee}. [Obs.]
Epiglottic \Ep`i*glot"tic\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or connected with, the epiglottis.
Epiglottidean \Ep`i*glot*tid"e*an\, a. (Anat.)
Same as {Epiglottic}.
Epiglottis \Ep`i*glot"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; 'epi` upon + ?,
?, tongue. See {Glottis}.] (Anat.)
A cartilaginous lidlike appendage which closes the glottis
while food or drink is passing while food or drink is passing
through the pharynx.
Epignathous \E*pig"na*thous\, a. [Epi- + Gr. ? the jaw.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Hook-billed; having the upper mandible longer than the lower.
Epigram \Ep"i*gram\, n. [L. epigramma, fr. Gr. ? inscription,
epigram, fr. ? to write upon, 'epi` upon + ? to write: cf. F.
['e]pigramme. See {Graphic}.]
1. A short poem treating concisely and pointedly of a single
thought or event. The modern epigram is so contrived as to
surprise the reader with a witticism or ingenious turn of
thought, and is often satirical in character.
Dost thou think I care for a satire or an epigram?
--Shak.
Note: Epigrams were originally inscription on tombs, statues,
temples, triumphal arches, etc.
2. An effusion of wit; a bright thought tersely and sharply
expressed, whether in verse or prose.
3. The style of the epigram.
Antithesis, i. e., bilateral stroke, is the soul of
epigram in its later and technical signification.
--B. Cracroft.
Epigrammatic \Ep`i*gram*mat"ic\, Epigrammatical
\Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al\, [L. epigrammaticus: cf. F.
['e]pigrammatique.]
1. Writing epigrams; dealing in epigrams; as, an
epigrammatical poet.
2. Suitable to epigrams; belonging to epigrams; like an
epigram; pointed; piquant; as, epigrammatic style, wit, or
sallies of fancy.
Epigrammatically \Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In the way of epigram; in an epigrammatic style.
Epigrammatist \Ep`i*gram"ma*tist\, n. [L. epigrammatista: cf. F.
['e]pigrammatiste.]
One who composes epigrams, or makes use of them.
The brisk epigrammatist showing off his own cleverness.
--Holmes.
Epigrammatize \Ep`i*gram"ma*tize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Epigrammatized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Epigrammatizing}.]
To represent by epigrams; to express by epigrams.
Epigrammatizer \Ep`i*gram"ma*ti`zer\, n.
One who writes in an affectedly pointed style.
Epigrammatizers of our English prose style.
--Coleridge.
Epigrammist \Ep"i*gram`mist\, n.
An epigrammatist. --Jer. Taylor.
Epigraph \Ep"i*graph\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ?: cf. F. ['e]pigraphe.
See {Epigram}.]
1. Any inscription set upon a building; especially, one which
has to do with the building itself, its founding or
dedication.
2. (Literature) A citation from some author, or a sentence
framed for the purpose, placed at the beginning of a work
or of its separate divisions; a motto.
Epigraphic \Ep`i*graph"ic\, Epigraphical \Ep`i*graph"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to epigraphs or to epigraphy; as, an
epigraphic style; epigraphical works or studies.
Epigraphics \Ep`i*graph"ics\, n.
The science or study of epigraphs.
Epigraphist \E*pig"ra*phist\, n.
A student of, or one versed in, epigraphy.
Epigraphy \E*pig"ra*phy\, n.
The science of inscriptions; the art of engraving
inscriptions or of deciphering them.
Epigynous \E*pig"y*nous\, a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? woman, female:
cf. F. ['e]pigyne.] (Bot.)
Adnate to the surface of the ovary, so as to be apparently
inserted upon the top of it; -- said of stamens, petals,
sepals, and also of the disk.
Epihyal \Ep`i*hy"al\, n. [Pref. epi- + the Greek letter ?.]
(Anat.)
A segment next above the ceratohyal in the hyoidean arch.
Epilepsy \Ep"i*lep`sy\, n. [L. epilepsia, Gr. ? a seizure, the
``falling sickness,'' fr. ? to take besides, seize, attack;
'epi` upon, besides + ? to take: cf. F. ['e]pilepsie. Cf.
{Catalepsy}.] (Med.)
The ``falling sickness,'' so called because the patient falls
suddenly to the ground; a disease characterized by paroxysms
(or fits) occurring at interval and attended by sudden loss
of consciousness, and convulsive motions of the muscles.
--Dunglison.
Epileptic \Ep`i*lep"tic\, a. [L. epilepticus, Gr. ? : cf. F.
['e]pileptique.]
Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, epilepsy.
Epileptic \Ep`i*lep"tic\, n.
1. One affected with epilepsy.
2. A medicine for the cure of epilepsy.
Epileptical \Ep`i*lep"tic*al\, a.
Epileptic.
Epileptiform \Ep`i*lep"ti*form\, a.
Resembling epilepsy.
Epileptogenous \Ep`i*lep*tog"e*nous\, a. [Gr. 'epi`lhptos
epileptic + -genous.] (Med.)
Producing epilepsy or epileptoid convulsions; -- applied to
areas of the body or of the nervous system, stimulation of
which produces convulsions.
Epileptoid \Ep`i*lep"toid\, a. [Gr. 'epi`lhptos + -oid.] (Med.)
Resembling epilepsy; as, epileptoid convulsions.
Epilogation \Ep`i*lo*ga"tion\, n. [LL. epilogatio.]
A summing up in a brief account. [Obs.] --Udall.
Epilogic \Ep`i*log"ic\, Epilogical \Ep`i*log"ic*al\, a. [Gr.
'epilogiko`s.]
Of or pertaining to an epilogue.
Epilogism \E*pil"o*gism\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to reckon over, to
deliver an epilogue; 'epi` upon + ? to count, reckon. See
{Epilogue}.]
Enumeration; computation. [R.] --J. Gregory.
Epilogistic \Ep`i*lo*gis"tic\, a. [Cf. Gr. ? calculating. See
{Epilogism}.]
Of or pertaining to epilogue; of the nature of an epilogue.
--T. Warton.
Epilogize \E*pil"o*gize\, v. i. & t. [See {Epilogism}.]
To speak an epilogue to; to utter as an epilogue.
Epilogue \Ep"i*logue\ (?; 115), n. [F. ['e]pilogue, L. epilogus,
fr. Gr. ? conclusion, fr. ? to say in addition; 'epi` upon,
besides + ? to say. See {Legend}.]
1. (Drama) A speech or short poem addressed to the spectators
and recited by one of the actors, after the conclusion of
the play.
A good play no epilogue, yet . . . good plays prove
the better by the help of good epilogues. --Shak.
2. (Rhet.) The closing part of a discourse, in which the
principal matters are recapitulated; a conclusion.
Epiloguize \Ep"i*lo*guize\, v. i. & t.
Same as {Epilogize}.
Epimachus \E*pim"a*chus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? equipped for
battle; ? for + ? battle.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of highly ornate and brilliantly colored birds of
Australia, allied to the birds of Paradise.
Epimera \E*pim"e*ra\, n. pl.
See {Epimeron}.
Epimeral \E*pim"er*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the epimera.
Epimere \Ep"i*mere\, n. [Epi- + -mere.] (Biol.)
One of the segments of the transverse axis, or the so called
homonymous parts; as, for example, one of the several
segments of the extremities in vertebrates, or one of the
similar segments in plants, such as the segments of a
segmented leaf. --Syd. Soc. Lex.
Epimeron \E*pim"e*ron\, n.; pl. {Epimera}. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi`
upon + ? a part.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) In crustaceans: The part of the side of a somite external
to the basal joint of each appendage. See Illust. under
{Crustacea}.
(b) In insects: The lateral piece behind the episternum.
[Written also {epimerum}.]
Epinastic \Ep`i*nas"tic\, a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? pressed close.]
(Physiol.)
A term applied to that phase of vegetable growth in which an
organ grows more rapidly on its upper than on its under
surface. See {Hyponastic}.
Epineural \Ep`i*neu"ral\, a. [Pref. epi- + neural.] (Anat.)
Arising from the neurapophysis of a vertebra.
Epineurium \Ep`i*neu"ri*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + ? a
nerve.] (Anat.)
The connective tissue framework and sheath of a nerve which
bind together the nerve bundles, each of which has its own
special sheath, or perineurium.
Epinglette \Ep`in*glette"\, n. [F.] (Mil.)
An iron needle for piercing the cartridge of a cannon before
priming.
Epinicial \Ep`i*ni"cial\, a. [See {Epinicion}.]
Relating to victory. ``An epinicial song.'' --T. Warton.
Epinicion \Ep`i*ni"cion\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? belonging to
victory; 'epi` upon, to + ? victory: cf. L. epinicium.]
A song of triumph. [Obs.] --T. Warton.
Epinikian \Ep`i*nik"i*an\, a.
Epinicial.
Epiornis \Ep`i*or"nis\, n. [NL.: cf. F. ['e]piornis. See
{[AE]pyornis}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the gigantic ostrichlike birds of the genus
{[AE]piornis}, only recently extinct. Its remains have been
found in Madagascar. [Written also {[AE]pyornis}.]
Epiotic \Ep`i*o"tic\, n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ?, gen. ?, ear.]
(Anat.)
The upper and outer element of periotic bone, -- in man
forming a part of the temporal bone.
Epipedometry \Ep`i*pe*dom"e*try\, n. [Gr. 'epi`pedos on the
ground, level ('epi` + pe`don ground) + -metry.] (Geom.)
The mensuration of figures standing on the same base. [Obs.]
Epiperipheral \Ep`i*pe*riph"er*al\, a. [Pref. epi- +
peripheral.] (Physiol.)
Connected with, or having its origin upon, the external
surface of the body; -- especially applied to the feelings
which originate at the extremities of nerves distributed on
the outer surface, as the sensation produced by touching an
object with the finger; -- opposed to {entoperipheral}. --H.
Spenser.
Epipetalous \Ep`i*pet"al*ous\, a. [Pref. epi- + petal.] (Bot.)
Borne on the petals or corolla.
Epiphany \E*piph"a*ny\, n. [F. ['e]piphanie, L. epiphania, Gr.
'epifa`nia (sc. ?), for 'epifa`neia appearance, fr.
'epifai`nein to show forth; 'epi` + fai`nein to show. See
{Fancy}.]
1. An appearance, or a becoming manifest.
Whom but just before they beheld transfigured and in
a glorious epiphany upon the mount. --Jer. Taylor.
An epic poet, if ever such a difficult birth should
make its epiphany in Paris. --De Quincey.
2. (Eccl.) A church festival celebrated on the 6th of
January, the twelfth day after Christmas, in commemoration
of the visit of the Magi of the East to Bethlehem, to see
and worship the child Jesus; or, as others maintain, to
commemorate the appearance of the star to the Magi,
symbolizing the manifestation of Christ to the Gentles;
Twelfthtide.
Epipharyngeal \Ep`i*phar`yn*ge"al\, a. [Pref. epi- +
pharyngeal.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to the segments above the epibranchial in the
branchial arches of fishes. -- n. An epipharyngeal bone or
cartilage.
Epipharynx \Ep`i*phar"ynx\, n. [Epi- + pharynx.] (Zo["o]l.)
A structure which overlaps the mouth of certain insects.
Epiphonema \Ep`i*pho*ne"ma\, n. [L., fr. Gr. 'epifw`nhma, fr.
'epifwnei^n to mention; 'epi` + fwnei^n to speak.] (Rhet.)
An exclamatory sentence, or striking reflection, which sums
up or concludes a discourse.
Epiphoneme \E*piph"o*neme\, n.
Epiphonema. [R.]
Epiphora \E*piph"o*ra\, n. [L., fr. Gr. 'epifora`, fr.
'epife`rein to bring to or upon; 'epi` + fe`rein to bring.]
1. (Med.) The watery eye; a disease in which the tears
accumulate in the eye, and trickle over the cheek.
2. (Rhet.) The emphatic repetition of a word or phrase, at
the end of several sentences or stanzas.
Epiphragm \Ep"i*phragm\, n. [Gr. ? a covering, lid, fr. ? to
block up.] (Zo["o]l.)
A membranaceous or calcareous septum with which some mollusks
close the aperture of the shell during the time of
hibernation, or [ae]stivation.
Epiphylospermous \Ep`i*phy`lo*sper"mous\, a. [Gr. 'epi` +
fy`llon leaf + spe`rma seed.] (Bot.)
Bearing fruit on the back of the leaves, as ferns. --Harris
(1710).
Epiphyllous \E*piph"yl*lous\, a. [Gr. 'epi` + fy`llon leaf.]
(Bot.)
Growing upon, or inserted into, the leaf.
Epiphyllum \Ep`i*phyl"lum\, n. [NL.] (Bot.)
A genus of cactaceous plants having flattened, jointed stems,
and petals united in a tube. The flowers are very showy, and
several species are in cultivation.
Epiphyseal \Ep`i*phys"e*al\, Epiphysial \Ep`i*phys"i*al\,
(Anat.)
Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphysis.
Epiphysis \E*piph"y*sis\, n.; pl. {Epiphyses}. [NL., fr. Gr.
'epi`fysis, fr. 'epify`ein to grow upon; 'epi` upon + fy`ein
to grow.] (Anat.)
(a) The end, or other superficial part, of a bone, which
ossifies separately from the central portion, or
{diaphysis}.
(b) The cerebral epiphysis, or pineal gland. See {Pineal
gland}, under {Pineal}.
Epiphytal \E*piph"y*tal\, a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to an epiphyte.
Epiphyte \Ep"i*phyte\, n. [Gr. 'epi` upon + fyto`n plant, ? to
grow: cf. F. ['e]piphyte.]
1. (Bot.) An air plant which grows on other plants, but does
not derive its nourishment from them. See {Air plant}.
2. (Med.) A vegetable parasite growing on the surface of the
body.
Epiphytic \Ep`i*phyt"ic\, Epiphytical \Ep`i*phyt"ic*al\, a.
(Bot.)
Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphyte. --
{Ep`i*phyt"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Epiplastron \Ep`i*plas"tron\, n.; pl. {Epiplastra}. [Pref. epi-
+ plastron.] (Anat.)
One of the first pair of lateral plates in the plastron of
turtles.
Epipleural \Ep`i*pleu"ral\, a. [Pref. epi- + pleural.] (Anat.)
Arising from the pleurapophysis of a vertebra. --Owen.
Epiplexis \Ep`i*plex"is\, n. [L., reproof, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to
strike at, reprove; 'epi` + ? to strike.] (Rhet.)
A figure by which a person seeks to convince and move by an
elegant kind of upbraiding.
Epiploce \E*pip"lo*ce\, n. [L., connection, from Gr. ? a
plaiting together, fr. ? to plait or braid in; 'epi` upon + ?
to twist, plait.] (Rhet.)
A figure by which one striking circumstance is added, in due
gradation, to another; climax; e. g., ``He not only spared
his enemies, but continued them in employment; not only
continued, but advanced them.'' --Johnson.
Epiploic \Ep`i*plo"ic\, a.
Relating to the epiplo["o]n.
Epiploon \E*pip"lo*["o]n\, n.; pl. {Epiploa}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.]
(Anat.)
See {Omentum}.
Epipodial \Ep`i*po"di*al\, a.
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the epipodialia or the parts of the
limbs to which they belong.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Pertaining to the epipodium of Mollusca.
Epipodiale \Ep`i*po`di*a"le\, n.; pl. {Epipodialia}. [NL., fr.
Gr. 'epi` upon + ?, dim. of ?, ?, foot.] (Anat.)
One of the bones of either the forearm or shank, the
epipodialia being the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula.
Epipodite \E*pip"o*dite\, n. [See {Epipodium}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The outer branch of the legs in certain Crustacea. See
{Maxilliped}.
Epipodium \Ep`i*po"di*um\, n.; pl. {Epipodia}. [NL., fr. Gr.
'epi` upon + ?, ?, foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the lateral lobes of the foot in certain gastropods.
Epipolic \Ep`i*pol"ic\, a. (Opt.)
Producing, or relating to, epipolism or fluorescence. [R.]
Epipolism \E*pip"o*lism\, n. [Gr. ? a surface; 'epi` + pe`lein
to be.] (Opt.)
See {Fluorescence}. [R.] --Sir J. Herschel.
Epipolized \E*pip"o*lized\, a.
Changed to the epipolic condition, or that in which the
phenomenon of fluorescence is presented; produced by
fluorescence; as, epipolized light. [R.] --Stokes.
Epipteric \Ep`ip*ter"ic\, a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? wing. So called
because above the wing of the sphenoid.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to a small Wormian bone sometimes present in the
human skull between the parietal and the great wing of the
sphenoid. -- n. The epipteric bone.
Epipterygoid \Ep`ip*ter"y*goid\, a. [Pref. epi- + pterygoid.]
(Anat.)
Situated upon or above the pterygoid bone. -- n. An
epipterygoid bone or cartilage; the columella in the skulls
of many lizards.
Epipubic \Ep`i*pu"bic\, a.
Relating to the epipubis.
Epipubis \Ep`i*pu"bis\, n.; pl. {Epipubes}. [NL., epi- + pubis.]
(Anat.)
A cartilage or bone in front of the pubis in some amphibians
and other animals.
Episcopacy \E*pis"co*pa*cy\, n. [See {Episcopate}.]
Government of the church by bishops; church government by
three distinct orders of ministers -- bishops, priests, and
deacons -- of whom the bishops have an authority superior and
of a different kind.
Episcopal \E*pis"co*pal\, a. [L. episcopalis, fr. episcopus: cf.
F. ['e]piscopal. See {Bishop}.]
1. Governed by bishops; as, an episcopal church.
2. Belonging to, or vested in, bishops; as, episcopal
jurisdiction or authority; the episcopal system.
Episcopalian \E*pis`co*pa"li*an\, a.
Pertaining to bishops, or government by bishops; episcopal;
specifically, of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal
Church.
Episcopalian \E*pis`co*pa"li*an\, n.
One who belongs to an episcopal church, or adheres to the
episcopal form of church government and discipline; a
churchman; specifically, in the United States, a member of
the Protestant Episcopal Church.
Episcopalianism \E*pis`co*pa"li*an*ism\, n.
The doctrine and usages of Episcopalians; episcopacy.
Episcopally \E*pis"co*pal*ly\, adv.
By episcopal authority; in an episcopal manner.
Episcopant \E*pis"co*pant\, n.
A bishop. [Obs.] --Milton.
Episcoparian \E*pis`co*pa"ri*an\, a.
Episcopal. [R.] --Wood.
Episcopate \E*pis"co*pate\, n. [L. episcopatus, fr. episcopus:
cf. F. ['e]piscopat. See {Bishop}.]
1. A bishopric; the office and dignity of a bishop.
2. The collective body of bishops.
3. The time of a bishop's rule.
Episcopate \E*pis"co*pate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Episcopated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Episcopating}.]
To act as a bishop; to fill the office of a prelate. [Obs.]
Feeding the flock episcopating. --Milton.
Episcopicide \E*pis"co*pi*cide\, n. [L. episcopus bishop +
caedere to kill.]
The killing of a bishop.
Episcopize \E*pis"co*pize\, v. t.
To make a bishop of by consecration. --Southey.
Episcopize \E*pis"co*pize\, v. i.
To perform the duties of a bishop.
Episcopy \E*pis"co*py\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ?. See {Bishop}.]
1. Survey; superintendence. [Obs.] --Milton.
2. Episcopacy. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Episepalous \Ep`i*sep"al*ous\, a. [Pref. epi- + sepal.] (Bot.)
Growing on the sepals or adnate to them.
Episkeletal \Ep`i*skel"e*tal\, a. [Pref. epi- + skeleletal.]
(Anat.)
Above or outside of the endoskeleton; epaxial.
Episodal \Ep`i*so"dal\, a.
Same as {Episodic}.
Episode \Ep"i*sode\, n. [Gr. ? a coming in besides, ? episode; ?
into, besides + ? a coming in, ? into + ? way, cf. Skr. sad
to go: cf. F. ['e]pisode.] (Rhet.)
A separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the
purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related; an
incidental narrative, or digression, separable from the main
subject, but naturally arising from it.
Episodial \Ep`i*so"di*al\, a.
Pertaining to an episode; by way of episode; episodic.
Episodic \Ep`i*so"dic\, Episodical \Ep`i*so"dic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
['e]pisodique. See {Episode}.]
Of or pertaining to an episode; adventitious. --
{Ep`i*so"dic*al*ly}, adv.
Such a figure as Jacob Brattle, purely episodical
though it be, is an excellent English portrait. --H.
James.
Epispadias \Ep`i*spa"di*as\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + ? to
draw, rend.] (Med.)
A deformity in which the urethra opens upon the top of the
penis, instead of at its extremity.
Epispastic \Ep"i*spas"tic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to draw to,
attract; ? to + ? to draw: cf. F. ['e]pispastique.] (Med.)
Attracting the humors to the skin; exciting action in the
skin; blistering.
Epispastic \Ep"i*spas"tic\, n. (Med.)
An external application to the skin, which produces a
puriform or serous discharge by exciting inflammation; a
vesicatory.
Episperm \Ep"i*sperm\, n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? seed: cf. F.
['e]pisperme.] (Bot.)
The skin or coat of a seed, especially the outer coat. See
{Testa}.
Epispermic \Ep`i*sper"mic\, a. (Bot.)
Pertaining, or belonging, to the episperm, or covering of a
seed.
Epispore \Ep"i*spore\, n. [Pref. epi- + spore.] (Bot.)
The thickish outer coat of certain spores.
Epistaxis \Ep`i*stax"is\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + ? to
drop.] (Med.)
Bleeding at the nose.
Epistemology \E*pis`te*mol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? knowledge + -logy.]
The theory or science of the method or grounds of knowledge.
Episternal \Ep`i*ster"nal\, a. (Anat. & Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the episternum.
Episternum \Ep`i*ster"num\, n.; pl. {Episterna}. [NL. See
{Epi-}, and {Sternum}.]
1. (Anat.)
(a) A median bone connected with the sternum, in many
vertebrates; the interclavicle.
(b) Same as {Epiplastron}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the lateral pieces next to the sternum
in the thorax of insects.
Epistilbite \Ep`i*stil"bite\, n. [Pref. epi- + stilbite.] (Min.)
A crystallized, transparent mineral of the Zeolite family. It
is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.
Epistle \E*pis"tle\, n. [OE. epistle, epistel, AS. epistol,
pistol, L. epistola, fr. Gr. ? anything sent by a messenger,
message, letter, fr. ? to send to, tell by letter or message;
'epi` upon, to + ? to dispatch, send; cf. OF. epistle,
epistre, F. ['e]p[^i]tre. See {Stall}.]
1. A writing directed or sent to a person or persons; a
written communication; a letter; -- applied usually to
formal, didactic, or elegant letters.
A madman's epistles are no gospels. --Shak.
2. (Eccl.) One of the letters in the New Testament which were
addressed to their Christian brethren by Apostles.
{Epistle side}, the right side of an altar or church to a
person looking from the nave toward the chancel.
One sees the pulpit on the epistle side. --R.
Browning.
Epistle \E*pis"tle\, v. t.
To write; to communicate in a letter or by writing. [Obs.]
--Milton.
Epistler \E*pis"tler\, n.
1. A writer of epistles, or of an epistle of the New
Testament. --M. Arnold.
2. (Eccl.) The ecclesiastic who reads the epistle at the
communion service.
Epistolar \E*pis"to*lar\, a.
Epistolary. --Dr. H. More.
Epistolary \E*pis"to*la*ry\, a. [L. epistolaris, fr. epistola:
cf. F. ['e]pistolaire.]
1. Pertaining to epistles or letters; suitable to letters and
correspondence; as, an epistolary style.
2. Contained in letters; carried on by letters. ``Epistolary
correspondence.'' --Addison.
Epistolean \Ep`is*to"le*an\, n.
One who writes epistles; a correspondent. --Mary Cowden
Clarke.
Epistoler \E*pis"to*ler\, n. (Eccl.)
One of the clergy who reads the epistle at the communion
service; an epistler.
Epistolet \E*pis"to*let\, n.
A little epistle. --Lamb.
Epistolic \Ep`is*tol"ic\, Epistolical \Ep`is*tol"ic*al\, a. [L.
epistolicus, Gr. ?.]
Pertaining to letters or epistles; in the form or style of
letters; epistolary.
Epistolize \E*pis"to*lize\, v. i.
To write epistles.
Epistolizer \E*pis"to*li`zer\, n.
A writer of epistles.
Epistolographic \E*pis`to*lo*graph"ic\, a. [Gr. ? : cf. F.
['e]pistolographique.]
Pertaining to the writing of letters; used in writing
letters; epistolary.
{Epistolographic character} or {mode of writing}, the same as
{Demotic character}. See under {Demotic}.
Epistolography \E*pis`to*log"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? epistle +
-graphy: cf. F. ['e]pistolographie.]
The art or practice of writing epistles.
Epistoma \E*pis"to*ma\, Epistome \Ep"i*stome\, n. [NL. epistoma,
fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + ?, ?, mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The region between the antenn[ae] and the mouth, in
Crustacea.
(b) A liplike organ that covers the mouth, in most Bryozoa.
See Illust., under {Entoprocta}.
Epistrophe \E*pis"tro*phe\, n. [L., from Gr. ? a turning toward,
return, fr. ? to turn toward; 'epi` upon, to + ? to turn.]
(Rhet.)
A figure in which successive clauses end with the same word
or affirmation; e. g., ``Are they Hebrews? so am I. Are they
Israelites? so am I.'' --2 Cor. xi. 22.
Epistyle \Ep"i*style\, n. [L. epistylium, Gr. ?; 'epi` upon + ?
column: cf. F. ['e]pistyle.] (Anc. Arch.)
A massive piece of stone or wood laid immediately on the
abacus of the capital of a column or pillar; -- now called
architrave.
Episyllogism \Ep`i*syl"lo*gism\, n. [Pref. epi- + syllogism.]
(Logic)
A syllogism which assumes as one of its premises a
proposition which was the conclusion of a preceding
syllogism, called, in relation to this, the prosyllogism.
Epitaph \Ep"i*taph\, n. [F. ['e]pitaphe, L. epitaphium a funeral
oration, fr. Gr. ?, orig. an adj., over or at a tomb; 'epi`
upon + ? tomb. Cf. {Cenotaph}.]
1. An inscription on, or at, a tomb, or a grave, in memory or
commendation of the one buried there; a sepulchral
inscription.
Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. --Shak.
2. A brief writing formed as if to be inscribed on a
monument, as that concerning Alexander: ``Sufficit huic
tumulus, cui non sufficeret orbis.''
Epitaph \Ep"i*taph\, v. t.
To commemorate by an epitaph. [R.]
Let me be epitaphed the inventor of English hexameters.
--G. Harvey.
Epitaph \Ep"i*taph\, v. i.
To write or speak after the manner of an epitaph. [R.]
The common in their speeches epitaph upon him . . .
``He lived as a wolf and died as a dog.'' --Bp. Hall.
Epitapher \Ep"i*taph`er\, n.
A writer of epitaphs. --Nash.
Epitaphial \Ep`i*taph"i*al\, Epitaphian \Ep`i*taph"i*an\, a.
Relating to, or of the nature of, an epitaph.
The noble Pericles in his epitaphian speech. --Milton.
Epitaphial Latin verses are not to be taken too
literally. --Lowell.
Epitaphic \Ep`i*taph"ic\, a.
Pertaining to an epitaph; epitaphian. -- n. An epitaph.
--Udall.
Epitaphist \Ep"i*taph`ist\, n.
An epitapher.
Epitasis \E*pit"a*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a stretching, fr. ?
to stretch upon or over; 'epi` upon + ? to stretch.]
1. That part which embraces the main action of a play, poem,
and the like, and leads on to the catastrophe; -- opposed
to protasis.
2. (Med.) The period of violence in a fever or disease;
paroxysm. --Dunglison.
Epithalamic \Ep`i*tha*lam"ic\, a.
Belonging to, or designed for, an epithalamium.
Epithalamium \Ep`i*tha*la"mi*um\, n.; pl. {Epithalamiums}, L.
{Epithalamia}. [L., fr. Gr. ?, orig. an adj., nuptial; 'epi`
upon, at + ? bride chamber.]
A nuptial song, or poem in honor of the bride and bridegroom.
The kind of poem which was called epithalamium . . .
sung when the bride was led into her chamber. --B.
Jonson.
Epithalamy \Ep`i*thal"a*my\, n.; pl. {Epithalamies}.
Epithalamium. [R.] --Donne.
Epitheca \Ep`i*the"ca\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + ? a case,
box, fr. ? to place.] (Zo["o]l.)
A continuous and, usually, structureless layer which covers
more or less of the exterior of many corals.
Epithelial \Ep`i*the"li*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to epithelium; as, epithelial cells;
epithelial cancer.
Epithelioid \Ep`i*the"li*oid\, a. [Epithelium + -oid.] (Anat.)
Like epithelium; as, epithelioid cells.
Epithelioma \Ep`i*the`li*o"ma\, n. [NL. See {Epithelium}, and
{-oma}.] (Med.)
A malignant growth containing epithelial cells; -- called
also {epithelial cancer}.
Epithelium \Ep`i*the"li*um\, n.; pl. E. {Epitheliums}, L.
{Epithelia}. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + ? nipple.] (Anat.)
The superficial layer of cells lining the alimentary canal
and all its appendages, all glands and their ducts, blood
vessels and lymphatics, serous cavities, etc. It often
includes the epidermis (i. e., keratin-producing epithelial
cells), and it is sometimes restricted to the alimentary
canal, the glands and their appendages, -- the term
endothelium being applied to the lining membrane of the blood
vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities.
Epitheloid \Ep`i*the"loid\, a. (Anat.)
Epithelioid.
Epithem \Ep"i*them\, n. [L. epithema, Gr. ?, fr. ? to lay or put
on: cf. F. ['e]pith[`e]me. See {Epithet}.] (Med.)
Any external topical application to the body, except
ointments and plasters, as a poultice, lotion, etc.
Epithema \Ep`i*the"ma\, n. [NL., from Gr. 'epi` upon + ? a case,
box, fr. ? to place.] (Zo["o]l.)
A horny excrescence upon the beak of birds.
Epithesis \E*pith"e*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a putting on; 'epi`
upon + ? to place.]
The addition of a letter at the end of a word, without
changing its sense; as, numb for num, whilst for whiles.
Epithet \Ep"i*thet\, n. [L. epitheton, Gr. ?, fr. ? added, fr. ?
to add; 'epi` upon, to + ? to put, place: cf. F.
['e]pith[`e]te. See {Do}.]
1. An adjective expressing some quality, attribute, or
relation, that is properly or specially appropriate to a
person or thing; as, a just man; a verdant lawn.
A prince [Henry III.] to whom the epithet
``worthless'' seems best applicable. --Hallam.
2. Term; expression; phrase. ``Stiffed with epithets of
war.'' --Shak.
Syn: {Epithet}, {Title}.
Usage: The name epithet was formerly extended to nouns which
give a title or describe character (as the ``epithet
of liar''), but is now confined wholly to adjectives.
Some rhetoricians, as Whately, restrict it still
further, considering the term epithet as belonging
only to a limited class of adjectives, viz., those
which add nothing to the sense of their noun, but
simply hold forth some quality necessarily implied
therein; as, the bright sun, the lofty heavens, etc.
But this restriction does not prevail in general
literature. Epithet is sometimes confounded with
application, which is always a noun or its equivalent.
Epithet \Ep"i*thet\, v. t.
To describe by an epithet. [R.]
Never was a town better epitheted. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Epithetic \Ep`i*thet"ic\, Epithetical \Ep`i*thet"ic*al\, a. [Gr.
? added.]
Pertaining to, or abounding with, epithets. ``In epithetic
measured prose.'' --Lloyd.
Epithite \Ep"i*thite\, n. [Gr. ? impostor.]
A lazy, worthless fellow; a vagrant. [Obs.] --Mason.
Epithumetic \Ep`i*thu*met"ic\, a.
Epithumetical. [Obs.]
Epithumetical \Ep`i*thu*met"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to long
for, lust after; 'epi` + qymo`s soul, heart, desire.]
Pertaining to sexual desire; sensual. --Sir T. Browne.
Epitithides \Ep`i*tith"i*des\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? to place upon.
See {Epithet}.] (Arch.)
The uppermost member of the cornice of an entablature.
Epitomator \E*pit"o*ma`tor\, n. [LL.]
An epitomist. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Epitome \E*pit"o*me\, n.; pl. {Epitomes}. [L., fr. Gr. ? a
surface incision, also, and abridgment, fr. ? to cut into,
cut short; 'epi` upon + te`mnein to cut: cf. F. ['e]pitome.
See {Tome}.]
1. A work in which the contents of a former work are reduced
within a smaller space by curtailment and condensation; a
brief summary; an abridgement.
[An] epitome of the contents of a very large book.
--Sydney
Smith.
2. A compact or condensed representation of anything.
An epitome of English fashionable life. --Carlyle.
A man so various that he seemed to be Not one, but
all mankind's epitome. --Dryden.
Syn: Abridgement; compendium; compend; abstract; synopsis;
abbreviature. See {Abridgment}.
Epitomist \E*pit"o*mist\, n.
One who makes an epitome; one who abridges; an epitomizer.
--Milton.
Epitomize \E*pit"o*mize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Epitomized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Epitomizing}.]
1. To make an epitome of; to shorten or abridge, as a writing
or discourse; to reduce within a smaller space; as, to
epitomize the works of Justin.
2. To diminish, as by cutting off something; to curtail; as,
to epitomize words. [Obs.] --Addison.
Epitomizer \E*pit"o*mi`zer\, n.
An epitomist. --Burton.
Epitrite \Ep"i*trite\, n. [Gr. ? containing an integer and one
third (i. e., [frac43], or in the ratio of 4 to 3); 'epi`
upon, over + ? the third: cf. L. epitritos, F. ['e]pitrite.]
(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)
A foot consisting of three long syllables and one short
syllable.
Note: It is so called from being compounded of a spondee
(which contains 4 times) with an iambus or a trochee
(which contains 3 times). It is called 1st, 2d, 3d, or
4th epitrite according as the short syllable stands
1st, 2d, etc.
Epitrochlea \Ep`i*troch"le*a\, n. [NL. See {Epi-}, and
{Trochlea}.] (Anat.)
A projection on the outer side of the distal end of the
humerus; the external condyle.
Epitrochlear \Ep`i*troch"le*ar\, a.
Relating to the epitrochlea.
Epitrochoid \Ep`i*tro"choid\, n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. ? wheel +
-oid.] (Geom.)
A kind of curve. See {Epicycloid}, any {Trochoid}.
Epitrope \E*pit"ro*pe\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? reference,
arbitration, fr. ? to turn over, to give up, yield; 'epi`
upon, over + ? to turn.] (Rhet.)
A figure by which permission is either seriously or
ironically granted to some one, to do what he proposes to do;
e. g., ``He that is unjust, let him be unjust still.''
Epizeuxis \Ep`i*zeux"is\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a fastening
together, repetition, fr. ? to fasten to or upon; 'epi` upon
+ ? to join, yoke.] (Rhet.)
A figure by which a word is repeated with vehemence or
emphasis, as in the following lines:
Alone, alone, all all alone, Alone on a wide wide sea.
--Coleridge.
Epozoan \Ep`o*zo"an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An epizo["o]n.
Epozoic \Ep`o*zo"ic\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Living upon the exterior of another animal; ectozoic; -- said
of external parasites.
Epizoon \Ep`i*zo"["o]n\, n.; pl. {Epizoa}. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi`
upon + ? animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the artificial group of invertebrates of various
kinds, which live parasitically upon the exterior of other
animals; an ectozo["o]n. Among them are the lice, ticks, many
acari, the lerneans, or fish lice, and other crustaceans.
Epizootic \Ep`i*zo*["o]t"ic\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]pizo["o]tique.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Of or pertaining to an epizo["o]n.
2. (Geol.) Containing fossil remains; -- said of rocks,
formations, mountains, and the like. [Obs.]
Epizo["o]tic mountains are of secondary formation.
--Kirwan.
3. Of the nature of a disease which attacks many animals at
the same time; -- corresponding to epidemic diseases among
men.
Epizooty \Ep`i*zo"["o]*ty\, Epizootic \Ep`i*zo*["o]t"ic\, n. [F.
['e]pizo["o]tie.]
An epizo["o]tic disease; a murrain; an epidemic influenza
among horses.
Epoch \Ep"och\ (?; 277), n. [LL. epocha, Gr. ? check, stop, an
epoch of a star, an historical epoch, fr. ? to hold on,
check; 'epi` upon + ? to have, hold; akin to Skr. sah to
overpower, Goth. sigis victory, AS. sigor, sige, G. sieg: cf.
F. ['e]poque. See {Scheme}.]
1. A fixed point of time, established in history by the
occurrence of some grand or remarkable event; a point of
time marked by an event of great subsequent influence; as,
the epoch of the creation; the birth of Christ was the
epoch which gave rise to the Christian era.
In divers ages, . . . divers epochs of time were
used. --Usher.
Great epochs and crises in the kingdom of God.
--Trench.
The acquittal of the bishops was not the only event
which makes the 30th of June, 1688, a great epoch in
history. --Macaulay.
Note: Epochs mark the beginning of new historical periods,
and dates are often numbered from them.
2. A period of time, longer or shorter, remarkable for events
of great subsequent influence; a memorable period; as, the
epoch of maritime discovery, or of the Reformation. ``So
vast an epoch of time.'' --F. Harrison.
The influence of Chaucer continued to live even
during the dreary interval which separates from one
another two important epochs of our literary
history. --A. W. Ward.
3. (Geol.) A division of time characterized by the prevalence
of similar conditions of the earth; commonly a minor
division or part of a period.
The long geological epoch which stored up the vast
coal measures. --J. C.
Shairp.
4. (Astron.)
(a) The date at which a planet or comet has a longitude or
position.
(b) An arbitrary fixed date, for which the elements used
in computing the place of a planet, or other heavenly
body, at any other date, are given; as, the epoch of
Mars; lunar elements for the epoch March 1st, 1860.
Syn: Era; time; date; period; age.
Usage: {Epoch}, {Era}. We speak of the era of the
Reformation, when we think of it as a period, during
which a new order of things prevailed; so also, the
era of good feeling, etc. Had we been thinking of the
time as marked by certain great events, or as a period
in which great results were effected, we should have
called the times when these events happened epochs,
and the whole period an epoch.
The capture of Constantinople is an epoch in the
history of Mahometanism; but the flight of
Mahomet is its era. --C. J. Smith.
Epocha \Ep"o*cha\, n. [L.]
See {Epoch}. --J. Adams.
Epochal \Ep"o*chal\, a.
Belonging to an epoch; of the nature of an epoch. ``Epochal
points.'' --Shedd.
Epode \Ep"ode\, n. [L. epodos, Gr. ?, fr. ?, adj., singing to,
sung or said after, fr. ? to sing to; 'epi` upon, to + ? to
sing: cf. F. ['e]pode. See {Ode}.] (Poet.)
(a) The after song; the part of a lyric ode which follows the
strophe and antistrophe, -- the ancient ode being divided
into strophe, antistrophe, and epode.
(b) A species of lyric poem, invented by Archilochus, in
which a longer verse is followed by a shorter one; as,
the Epodes of Horace. It does not include the elegiac
distich.
Epodic \E*pod"ic\, a. [Gr. ?.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, an epode.
Eponym \Ep"o*nym\, Eponyme \Ep"o*nyme\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]ponyme.
See {Eponymous}.]
1. The hypothetical individual who is assumed as the person
from whom any race, city, etc., took its name; as, Hellen
is an eponym of the Hellenes.
2. A name, as of a people, country, and the like, derived
from that of an individual.
Eponymic \Ep`o*nym"ic\, a.
Same as {Eponymous}.
Tablets . . . which bear eponymic dates. --I. Taylor
(The
Alphabet).
Eponymist \E*pon"y*mist\, n.
One from whom a race, tribe, city, or the like, took its
name; an eponym.
Eponymous \E*pon"y*mous\, a. [Gr. ?; 'epi` upon, to + ? for ?
name.]
Relating to an eponym; giving one's name to a tribe, people,
country, and the like.
What becomes . . . of the Herakleid genealogy of the
Spartan kings, when it is admitted that eponymous
persons are to be canceled as fictions? --Grote.
Eponymy \E*pon"y*my\, n. [Gr. ? a surname given after some
person or thing.]
The derivation of the name of a race, tribe, etc., from that
of a fabulous hero, progenitor, etc.
Epoophoron \Ep`o*["o]ph"o*ron\, n. [NL., from Gr. 'epi` upon + ?
egg + ? to bear.] (Anat.)
See {Parovarium}.
Epopee \Ep"o*pee`\, Epopoeia \Ep`o*p[oe]"ia\, n. [F.
['e]pop['e]e, Gr. ?; 'e`pos song + ? to make. See {Epos}.]
An epic poem; epic poetry.
Epopt \Ep"opt\, n. [Gr. ? one initiated into the Eleusinian
mysteries.]
One instructed in the mysteries of a secret system.
--Carlyle.
Epos \Ep"os\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.]
An epic.
Epotation \Ep`o*ta"tion\, n. [L. epotare, epotatum, to drink; e
out + potare to drink.]
A drinking up; a quaffing. [Obs.] --Feltham.
'Eprouvette \['E]`prou`vette"\, n. [F.] (Gun.)
An apparatus for testing or proving the strength of
gunpowder.
Epsomite \Ep"som*ite\, n.
Native sulphate of magnesia or Epsom salt.
Epsom salts \Ep"som salts`\ or salt \salt`\ (Med.)
Sulphate of magnesia having cathartic qualities; --
originally prepared by boiling down the mineral waters at
Epsom, England, -- whence the name; afterwards prepared from
sea water; but now from certain minerals, as from siliceous
hydrate of magnesia.
Epulary \Ep"u*la*ry\, a. [L. epularis, fr. epulum a feast: cf.
F. ['e]pulaire.]
Of or pertaining to a feast or banquet. [Obs.] --Smart.
Epulation \Ep`u*la"tion\, n. [L. epulatio.]
A feasting or feast; banquet. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Epulis \E*pu"lis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a gumboil; Gr. 'epi` upon
+ ? gums.] (Med.)
A hard tumor developed from the gums.
Epulose \Ep"u*lose`\, a. [L. epulum a feast.]
Feasting to excess. [Obs.]
Epulosity \Ep`u*los"i*ty\, n.
A feasting to excess. [Obs.]
Epulotic \Ep`u*lot"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to scar over or heal;
'epi` upon, over + ? whole.]
Promoting the skinning over or healing of sores; as, an
epulotic ointment. -- n. An epulotic agent.
Epuration \Ep`u*ra"tion\, n. [L. e out, quite + purare to
purify, purus pure.]
Purification.
'Epure \['E]`pure"\, n. [F.] (Fine Arts)
A draught or model from which to build; especially, one of
the full size of the work to be done; a detailed drawing.
Equability \E`qua*bil"i*ty\, n. [L. aequabilitas, fr.
aequabilis. See {Equable}.]
The quality or condition of being equable; evenness or
uniformity; as, equability of temperature; the equability of
the mind.
For the celestial bodies, the equability and constancy
of their motions argue them ordained by wisdom. --Ray.
Equable \E"qua*ble\ (?; 277), a. [L. aequabilis, fr. aequare to
make level or equal, fr. aequus even, equal. See {Equal}.]
1. Equal and uniform; continuing the same at different times;
-- said of motion, and the like; uniform in surface;
smooth; as, an equable plain or globe.
2. Uniform in action or intensity; not variable or changing;
-- said of the feelings or temper.
Equableness \E"qua*ble*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being equable.
Equably \E"qua*bly\, adv.
In an equable manner.
Equal \E"qual\, a. [L. aequalis, fr. aequus even, equal; akin to
Skr. ?ka, and perh. to L. unus for older oinos one, E. one.]
1. Agreeing in quantity, size, quality, degree, value, etc.;
having the same magnitude, the same value, the same
degree, etc.; -- applied to number, degree, quantity, and
intensity, and to any subject which admits of them;
neither inferior nor superior, greater nor less, better
nor worse; corresponding; alike; as, equal quantities of
land, water, etc.; houses of equal size; persons of equal
stature or talents; commodities of equal value.
2. Bearing a suitable relation; of just proportion; having
competent power, abilities, or means; adequate; as, he is
not equal to the task.
The Scots trusted not their own numbers as equal to
fight with the English. --Clarendon.
It is not permitted to me to make my commendations
equal to your merit. --Dryden.
Whose voice an equal messenger Conveyed thy meaning
mild. --Emerson.
3. Not variable; equable; uniform; even; as, an equal
movement. ``An equal temper.'' --Dryden.
4. Evenly balanced; not unduly inclining to either side;
characterized by fairness; unbiased; impartial; equitable;
just.
Are not my ways equal? --Ezek. xviii.
29.
Thee, O Jove, no equal judge I deem. --Spenser.
Nor think it equal to answer deliberate reason with
sudden heat and noise. --Milton.
5. Of the same interest or concern; indifferent.
They who are not disposed to receive them may let
them alone or reject them; it is equal to me.
--Cheyne.
6. (Mus.) Intended for voices of one kind only, either all
male or all female; -- opposed to mixed. [R.]
7. (Math.) Exactly agreeing with respect to quantity.
{Equal temperament}. (Mus.) See {Temperament}.
Syn: Even; equable; uniform; adequate; proportionate;
commensurate; fair; just; equitable.
Equal \E"qual\, n.
1. One not inferior or superior to another; one having the
same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents,
strength, or other quality or condition; an equal quantity
or number; as, ``If equals be taken from equals the
remainders are equal.''
Those who were once his equals envy and defame him.
--Addison.
2. State of being equal; equality. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Equal \E"qual\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Equaled}or {Equalled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Equaling} or {Equalling}.]
1. To be or become equal to; to have the same quantity, the
same value, the same degree or rank, or the like, with; to
be commen?urate with.
On me whose all not equals Edward's moiety. --Shak.
2. To make equal return to; to recompense fully.
Who answered all her cares, and equaled all her
love. --Dryden.
3. To make equal or equal to; to equalize; hence, to compare
or regard as equals; to put on equality.
He would not equal the mind that he found in himself
to the infinite and incomprehensible. --Berkeley.
Equalitarian \E*qual`i*ta"ri*an\, n.
One who believes in equalizing the condition of men; a
leveler.
Equality \E*qual"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Equalities}. [L. aequalitas,
fr. aequalis equal. See {Equal}.]
1. The condition or quality of being equal; agreement in
quantity or degree as compared; likeness in bulk, value,
rank, properties, etc.; as, the equality of two bodies in
length or thickness; an equality of rights.
A footing of equality with nobles. --Macaulay.
2. Sameness in state or continued course; evenness;
uniformity; as, an equality of temper or constitution.
3. Evenness; uniformity; as, an equality of surface.
4. (Math.) Exact agreement between two expressions or
magnitudes with respect to quantity; -- denoted by the
symbol =; thus, a = x signifies that a contains the same
number and kind of units of measure that x does.
{Confessional equality}. See under {Confessional}.
Equalization \E`qual*i*za"tion\, n.
The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized.
Their equalization with the rest of their fellow
subjects. --Burke.
Equalize \E"qual*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Equalized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Equalizing}.] [Cf. F. ['e]galiser.]
1. To make equal; to cause to correspond, or be like, in
amount or degree as compared; as, to equalize accounts,
burdens, or taxes.
One poor moment can suffice To equalize the lofty
and the low. --Wordsworth.
No system of instruction will completely equalize
natural powers. --Whately.
2. To pronounce equal; to compare as equal.
Which we equalize, and perhaps would willingly
prefer to the Iliad. --Orrery.
3. To be equal to; equal; to match. [Obs.]
It could not equalize the hundredth part Of what her
eyes have kindled in my heart. --Waller.
{Equalizing bar} (Railroad Mach.), a lever connecting two
axle boxes, or two springs in a car truck or locomotive,
to equalize the pressure on the axles.
Equalizer \E"qual*i`zer\, n.
One who, or that which, equalizes anything.
Equally \E"qual*ly\, adv.
In an equal manner or degree in equal shares or proportion;
with equal and impartial justice; without difference; alike;
evenly; justly; as, equally taxed, furnished, etc.
Equalness \E"qual*ness\, n.
Equality; evenness. --Shak.
Equangular \E*quan"gu*lar\, a. [See {Equiangular}.]
Having equal angles; equiangular. [R.] --Johnson.
Equanimity \E`qua*nim"i*ty\, n. [L. aequanimitas, fr.
aequanimus: cf. F. ['e]quanimit['e]. See {Equanimous}.]
Evenness of mind; that calm temper or firmness of mind which
is not easily elated or depressed; patience; calmness;
composure; as, to bear misfortunes with equanimity.
Equanimous \E*quan"i*mous\, a. [L. aequanimus, fr. aequus equal
+ animus mind.]
Of an even, composed frame of mind; of a steady temper; not
easily elated or depressed. --Bp. Gauden.
Equant \E"quant\, n. [L. aequans, -antis, p. pr. of aequare: cf.
F. ['e]quant. See {Equate}.] (Ptolemaic Astron.)
A circle around whose circumference a planet or the center of
ann epicycle was conceived to move uniformly; -- called also
{eccentric equator}.
Equate \E*quate"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Equated}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Equating}.] [L. aequatus, p. p. of aequare to make level
or equal, fr. aequus level, equal. See {Equal}.]
To make equal; to reduce to an average; to make such an
allowance or correction in as will reduce to a common
standard of comparison; to reduce to mean time or motion; as,
to equate payments; to equate lines of railroad for grades or
curves; equated distances.
Palgrave gives both scrolle and scrowe and equates both
to F[rench] rolle. --Skeat
(Etymol. Dict.
).
{Equating for grades} (Railroad Engin.), adding to the
measured distance one mile for each twenty feet of ascent.
{Equating for curves}, adding half a mile for each 360
degrees of curvature.
Equation \E*qua"tion\, n. [L. aequatio an equalizing: cf. F.
['e]quation equation. See {Equate}.]
1. A making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium.
Again the golden day resumed its right, And ruled in
just equation with the night. --Rowe.
2. (Math.) An expression of the condition of equality between
two algebraic quantities or sets of quantities, the sign =
being placed between them; as, a binomial equation; a
quadratic equation; an algebraic equation; a
transcendental equation; an exponential equation; a
logarithmic equation; a differential equation, etc.
3. (Astron.) A quantity to be applied in computing the mean
place or other element of a celestial body; that is, any
one of the several quantities to be added to, or taken
from, its position as calculated on the hypothesis of a
mean uniform motion, in order to find its true position as
resulting from its actual and unequal motion.
{Absolute equation}. See under {Absolute}.
{Equation box}, or {Equational box}, a system of differential
gearing used in spinning machines for regulating the twist
of the yarn. It resembles gearing used in equation clocks
for showing apparent time.
{Equation of the center} (Astron.), the difference between
the place of a planet as supposed to move uniformly in a
circle, and its place as moving in an ellipse.
{Equations of condition} (Math.), equations formed for
deducing the true values of certain quantities from others
on which they depend, when different sets of the latter,
as given by observation, would yield different values of
the quantities sought, and the number of equations that
may be found is greater than the number of unknown
quantities.
{Equation of a curve} (Math.), an equation which expresses
the relation between the co["o]rdinates of every point in
the curve.
{Equation of equinoxes} (Astron.), the difference between the
mean and apparent places of the equinox.
{Equation of payments} (Arith.), the process of finding the
mean time of payment of several sums due at different
times.
{Equation of time} (Astron.), the difference between mean and
apparent time, or between the time of day indicated by the
sun, and that by a perfect clock going uniformly all the
year round.
{Equation} {clock or watch}, a timepiece made to exhibit the
differences between mean solar and apparent solar time.
--Knight.
{Normal equation}. See under {Normal}.
{Personal equation} (Astron.), the difference between an
observed result and the true qualities or peculiarities in
the observer; particularly the difference, in an average
of a large number of observation, between the instant when
an observer notes a phenomenon, as the transit of a star,
and the assumed instant of its actual occurrence; or,
relatively, the difference between these instants as noted
by two observers. It is usually only a fraction of a
second; -- sometimes applied loosely to differences of
judgment or method occasioned by temperamental qualities
of individuals.
{Theory of equations} (Math.), the branch of algebra that
treats of the properties of a single algebraic equation of
any degree containing one unknown quantity.
Equator \E*qua"tor\, n. [L. aequator one who equalizes: cf. F.
['e]quateur equator. See {Equate}.]
1. (Geog.) The imaginary great circle on the earth's surface,
everywhere equally distant from the two poles, and
dividing the earth's surface into two hemispheres.
2. (Astron.) The great circle of the celestial sphere,
coincident with the plane of the earth's equator; -- so
called because when the sun is in it, the days and nights
are of equal length; hence called also the {equinoctial},
and on maps, globes, etc., the {equinoctial line}.
{Equator} {of the sun or of a planet} (Astron.), the great
circle whose plane passes through through the center of
the body, and is perpendicular to its axis of revolution.
{Magnetic equator}. See {Aclinic}.
Equatorial \E`qua*to"ri*al\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]quatorial.]
Of or pertaining to the equator; as, equatorial climates;
also, pertaining to an equatorial instrument.
Equatorial \E`qua*to"ri*al\, n. (Astron.)
An instrument consisting of a telescope so mounted as to have
two axes of motion at right angles to each other, one of them
parallel to the axis of the earth, and each carrying a
graduated circle, the one for measuring declination, and the
other right ascension, or the hour angle, so that the
telescope may be directed, even in the daytime, to any star
or other object whose right ascension and declination are
known. The motion in right ascension is sometimes
communicated by clockwork, so as to keep the object
constantly in the field of the telescope. Called also an
{equatorial telescope}.
Note: The term equatorial, or equatorial instrument, is
sometimes applied to any astronomical instrument which
has its principal axis of rotation parallel to the axis
of the earth.
Equatorially \E`qua*to"ri*al*ly\, adv.
So as to have motion or direction parallel to the equator.
Equerry \Eq"uer*ry\ (?; 277), n.; pl. {Equerries}. [F. ['e]curie
stable, for older escurie, escuirie (confused somewhat with
F. ['e]cuyer, OF. escuyer, squire), LL. scuria, OHG. skiura,
sc?ra, barn, shed, G. scheuer, from a root meaning to cover,
protect, and akin to L. scutum shield. See {Esquire}, and cf.
{Ecurie}, {Querry}.]
1. A large stable or lodge for horses. --Johnson.
2. An officer of princes or nobles, charged with the care of
their horses.
Note: In England equerries are officers of the royal
household in the department of the Master of the Horse.
Equery \Eq"ue*ry\, n.
Same as {Equerry}.
Equestrian \E*ques"tri*an\, a. [L. equester, from eques
horseman, fr. equus horse: cf. F. ['e]questre. See {Equine}.]
1. Of or pertaining to horses or horsemen, or to
horsemanship; as, equestrian feats, or games.
2. Being or riding on horseback; mounted; as, an equestrian
statue.
An equestrian lady appeared upon the plains.
--Spectator.
3. Belonging to, or composed of, the ancient Roman equities
or knights; as, the equestrian order. --Burke.
Equestrian \E*ques"tri*an\, n.
One who rides on horseback; a horseman; a rider.
Equestrianism \E*ques"tri*an*ism\, n.
The art of riding on horseback; performance on horseback;
horsemanship; as, feats equestrianism.
Equestrienne \E*ques"tri*enne`\, n. [Formed after analogy of the
French language.]
A woman skilled in equestrianism; a horsewoman.
Equi- \E"qui-\ [L. aequus equal. See {Equal}.]
A prefix, meaning equally; as, equidistant; equiangular.
Equiangled \E"qui*an`gled\, a. [Equi- + angle.]
Equiangular. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Equiangular \E`qui*an"gu*lar\, a. [Equi- + angular. Cf.
{Equangular}.]
Having equal angles; as, an equiangular figure; a square is
equiangular.
{Equiangular spiral}. (Math.) See under {Spiral}, n.
{Mutually equiangular}, applied to two figures, when every
angle of the one has its equal among the angles of the
other.
Equibalance \E`qui*bal"ance\, n. [Equi- + balance.]
Equal weight; equiponderance.
Equibalance \E`qui*bal"ance\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Equibalanced}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Equibalancing}.]
To make of equal weight; to balance equally; to
counterbalance; to equiponderate.
Equicrescent \E`qui*cres"cent\, a. [Equi- + crescent.] (Math.)
Increasing by equal increments; as, an equicrescent variable.
Equicrural \E`qui*cru"ral\, a. [L. aequicrurius; aequus equal +
crus, cruris, leg.]
Having equal legs or sides; isosceles. [R.] ``Equicrural
triangles.'' --Sir T. Browne.
Equicrure \E"qui*crure\, a.
Equicrural. [Obs.]
Equidifferent \E`qui*dif"fer*ent\, a. [Equi- + different: cf. F.
['e]quidiff['e]rent.]
Having equal differences; as, the terms of arithmetical
progression are equidifferent.
Equidistance \E`qui*dis"tance\, n.
Equal distance.
Equidistant \E`qui*dis"tant\, a. [L. aequidistans, -antis;
aequus equal + distans distant: cf. F. ['e]quidistant.]
Being at an equal distance from the same point or thing. --
{E`qui*dis"tant*ly}, adv. --Sir T. Browne.
Equidiurnal \E`qui*di*ur"nal\, a. [Equi- + diurnal.]
Pertaining to the time of equal day and night; -- applied to
the equinoctial line. --Whewell.
Equiform \E"qui*form\, a. [L. aequiformis; aequus equal + forma
form.]
Having the same form; uniform. -- {E`qui*for"mi*ty}, n. --Sir
T. Browne.
Equilateral \E`qui*lat"er*al\, a. [L. aequilateralis; aequus
equal + latus, lateris, side: cf. F. ['e]quilat['e]ral.]
Having all the sides equal; as, an equilateral triangle; an
equilateral polygon.
{Equilateral hyperbola} (Geom.), one whose axes are equal.
{Equilateral shell} (Zo["o]l.), one in which a transverse
line drawn through the apex of the umbo bisects the valve,
or divides it into two equal and symmetrical parts.
{Mutually equilateral}, applied to two figures, when every
side of the one has its equal among the sides of the
other.
Equilateral \E`qui*lat"er*al\, n.
A side exactly corresponding, or equal, to others; also, a
figure of equal sides.
Equilibrate \E`qui*li"brate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Equilibrated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Equilibrating}.] [L.
aequilibratus in equilibrium; aequus equal + libra balance.
See {Equilibrium}.]
To balance two scales, sides, or ends; to keep even with
equal weight on each side; to keep in equipoise. --H.
Spenser.
Equilibration \E`qui*li*bra"tion\, n.
1. Act of keeping a balance, or state of being balanced;
equipoise.
In . . . running, leaping, and dancing, nature's
laws of equilibration are observed. --J. Denham.
2. (Biol.) The process by which animal and vegetable
organisms preserve a physiological balance. --H. Spenser.
Equilibrious \E`qui*lib"ri*ous\, a.
Evenly poised; balanced. --Dr. H. More. --
{E`qui*lib"ri*ous*ly}, adv.
Equilibrist \E*quil"i*brist\, n.
One who balances himself in unnatural positions and hazardous
movements; a balancer.
When the equilibrist balances a rod upon his finger.
--Stewart.
Equilibrity \E`qui*lib"ri*ty\, n. [L. aequilibritas equal
distribution. See {Equilibrium}.]
The state of being balanced; equality of weight. [R.] --J.
Gregory.
Equilibrium \E`qui*lib"ri*um\, n.; pl. E. {Equilibriums}, L.
{Equilibria}. [L. aequilibrium, fr. aequilibris in
equilibrium, level; aequus equal + libra balance. See
{Equal}, and {Librate}.]
1. Equality of weight or force; an equipoise or a state of
rest produced by the mutual counteraction of two or more
forces.
2. A level position; a just poise or balance in respect to an
object, so that it remains firm; equipoise; as, to
preserve the equilibrium of the body.
Health consists in the equilibrium between those two
powers. --Arbuthnot.
3. A balancing of the mind between motives or reasons, with
consequent indecision and doubt.
{Equilibrium valve} (Steam Engine), a balanced valve. See
under {Valve}.
Equimomental \E`qui*mo*men"tal\, a. [Equi- + momental.] (Mech.)
Having equal moments of inertia.
Note: Two bodies or systems of bodies are said to be
equimomental when their moments of inertia about all
straight lines are equal each to each.
{Equimomental cone of a given rigid body}, a conical surface
that has any given vertex, and is described by a straight
line which moves in such manner that the moment of inertia
of the given rigid body about the line is in all its
positions the same.
Equimultiple \E`qui*mul"ti*ple\, a. [Equi- + multiple: cf. F.
['e]quimultiple.]
Multiplied by the same number or quantity.
Equimultiple \E`qui*mul"ti*ple\, n. (Math.)
One of the products arising from the multiplication of two or
more quantities by the same number or quantity. Thus, seven
times 2, or 14, and seven times 4, or 28, are equimultiples
of 2 and 4.
Equinal \E*qui"nal\, a.
See {Equine}. ``An equinal shape.'' --Heywood.
Equine \E"quine\, a. [L. equinus, fr. equus horse; akin to Gr.
?, Skr. a?va, OS. ehu, AS. eh, eoh, Icel. j?r, OIr. ech, cf.
Skr. a? to reach, overtake, perh. akin to E. acute, edge,
eager, a. Cf. {Hippopotamus}.]
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a horse.
The shoulders, body, things, and mane are equine; the
head completely bovine. --Sir J.
Barrow.
Equinia \E*quin"i*a\, n. [NL. See {Equine}.] (Med.)
Glanders.
Equinoctial \E`qui*noc"tial\, a. [L. aequinoctials, fr.
aequinoctium equinox: cf. F. ['e]quinoxial. See {Equinox}.]
1. Pertaining to an equinox, or the equinoxes, or to the time
of equal day and night; as, the equinoctial line.
2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equinoctial
line or equator; in or near that line; as, equinoctial
heat; an equinoctial sun.
3. Pertaining to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial
points; as, an equinoctial gale or storm, that is, one
happening at or near the time of the equinox, in any part
of the world.
{Equinoctial colure} (Astron.), the meridian passing through
the equinoctial points.
{Equinoctial line} (Astron.), the celestial equator; -- so
called because when the sun is on it, the nights and days
are of equal length in all parts of the world. See
{Equator}.
Thrice the equinoctial line He circled. --Milton.
{Equinoctial points} (Astron.), the two points where the
celestial and ecliptic intersect each other; the one being
in the first point of Aries, the other in the first point
of Libra.
{Equinoctial time} (Astron.) reckoned in any year from the
instant when the mean sun is at the mean vernal
equinoctial point.
Equinoctial \E`qui*noc"tial\, n.
The equinoctial line.
Equinoctially \E`qui*noc"tial*ly\, adv.
Towards the equinox.
Equinox \E"qui*nox\, n. [OE. equinoxium, equenoxium, L.
aequinoctium; aequus equal + nox, noctis, night: cf. F.
['e]quinoxe. See {Equal}, and {Night}.]
1. The time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial
points, that is, about March 21 and September 22. See
{Autumnal equinox}, {Vernal equinox}, under {Autumnal} and
{Vernal}.
When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Stormwind
of the equinox. --Longfellow.
2. Equinoctial wind or storm. [R.] --Dryden.
Equinumerant \E`qui*nu"mer*ant\, a. [Equi- + L. numerans, p. pr.
of numerare to number.]
Equal as to number. [Obs.] --Arbuthnot.
Equip \E*quip"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Equipped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Equipping}.] [F. ['e]quiper to supply, fit out, orig. said
of a ship, OF. esquiper to embark; of German origin; cf. OHG.
scif, G. schiff, Icel. skip, AS. scip. See {Ship}.]
1. To furnish for service, or against a need or exigency; to
fit out; to supply with whatever is necessary to efficient
action in any way; to provide with arms or an armament,
stores, munitions, rigging, etc.; -- said esp. of ships
and of troops. --Dryden.
Gave orders for equipping a considerable fleet.
--Ludlow.
2. To dress up; to array; accouter.
The country are led astray in following the town,
and equipped in a ridiculous habit, when they fancy
themselves in the height of the mode. --Addison.
Equipage \Eq"ui*page\ (?; 48), n. [F. ['e]quipage, fr.
['e]quiper. See {Equip}.]
1. Furniture or outfit, whether useful or ornamental;
especially, the furniture and supplies of a vessel,
fitting her for a voyage or for warlike purposes, or the
furniture and necessaries of an army, a body of troops, or
a single soldier, including whatever is necessary for
efficient service; equipments; accouterments; habiliments;
attire.
Did their exercises on horseback with noble
equipage. --Evelyn.
First strip off all her equipage of Pride. --Pope.
2. Retinue; train; suite. --Swift.
3. A carriage of state or of pleasure with all that
accompanies it, as horses, liveried servants, etc., a
showy turn-out.
The rumbling equipages of fashion . . . were unknown
in the settlement of New Amsterdam. --W. Irving.
Equipaged \Eq"ui*paged\, a.
Furnished with equipage.
Well dressed, well bred. Well equipaged, is ticket good
enough. --Cowper.
Equiparable \E*quip"a*ra*ble\a. [L. aequiparabilis.]
Comparable. [Obs. or R.]
Equiparate \E*quip"a*rate\v. t. [L. aequiparatus, p. p. of
aequiparare.]
To compare. [R.]
Equipedal \E*quip"e*dal\, a. [Equi- + L. pes, pedis, foot.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Equal-footed; having the pairs of feet equal.
Equipendency \E`qui*pend"en*cy\, n. [Equi- + pendency.]
The act or condition of hanging in equipoise; not inclined or
determined either way. --South.
Equipensate \E`qui*pen"sate\, v. t. [Equi- + pensatus, p. p. of
pensare to weigh. Cf. {Equipoise}.]
To weigh equally; to esteem alike. [Obs.]
Equipment \E*quip"ment\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]quipement. See {Equip}.]
1. The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as
for a voyage or expedition. --Burke.
The equipment of the fleet was hastened by De Witt.
--Hume.
2. Whatever is used in equipping; necessaries for an
expedition or voyage; the collective designation for the
articles comprising an outfit; equipage; as, a railroad
equipment (locomotives, cars, etc.; for carrying on
business); horse equipments; infantry equipments; naval
equipments; laboratory equipments.
Armed and dight, In the equipments of a knight.
--Longfellow.
Equipoise \E"qui*poise\, n. [Equi- + poise.]
1. Equality of weight or force; hence, equilibrium; a state
in which the two ends or sides of a thing are balanced,
and hence equal; state of being equally balanced; -- said
of moral, political, or social interests or forces.
The means of preserving the equipoise and the
tranquillity of the commonwealth. --Burke.
Our little lives are kept in equipoise By opposite
attractions and desires. --Longfellow.
2. Counterpoise.
The equipoise to the clergy being removed. --Buckle.
Equipollence \E`qui*pol"lence\, Equipollency \E`qui*pol"len*cy\,
n. [Cf. F. ['e]quipollence. See {Equipollent}.]
1. Equality of power, force, signification, or application.
--Boyle.
2. (Logic) Sameness of signification of two or more
propositions which differ in language.
Equipollent \E`qui*pol"lent\, a. [L. aequipollens; aequus equal
+ pollens, -entis, p. pr. of pollere to be strong, able: cf.
F. ['e]quipollent.]
1. Having equal power or force; equivalent. --Bacon.
2. (Logic) Having equivalent signification and reach;
expressing the same thing, but differently.
Equipollently \E`qui*pol"lent*ly\, adv.
With equal power. --Barrow.
Equiponderance \E`qui*pon"der*ance\, Equiponderancy
\E`qui*pon"der*an*cy\, n. [Equi- + ponderance: cf. F.
['e]quipond['e]rance.]
Equality of weight; equipoise.
Equiponderant \E`qui*pon"der*ant\, a. [Cf. F.
['e]quipond['e]rant.]
Being of the same weight.
A column of air . . . equiponderant to a column of
quicksilver. --Locke.
Equiponderate \E`qui*pon"der*ate\, v. i. [Equi- + L. ponderare
to weigh. See {Ponderate}.]
To be equal in weight; to weigh as much as another thing.
--Bp. Wilkins.
Equiponderate \E`qui*pon"der*ate\, v. t.
To make equal in weight; to counterbalance. ``More than
equiponderated the declension in that direction.'' --De
Quincey.
Equiponderous \E`qui*pon"der*ous\, a. [Equi- + L. pondus,
ponderis, weight.]
Having equal weight. --Bailey.
Equipondious \E`qui*pon"di*ous\, a. [L. aequipondium an equal
weight; aequus equal + pondus weight.]
Of equal weight on both sides; balanced. [Obs.] --Glanvill.
Equipotential \E`qui*po*ten"tial\, a. [Equi- + potential.]
(Mech. & Physics)
Having the same potential.
{Equipotential surface}, a surface for which the potential is
for all points of the surface constant. Level surfaces on
the earth are equipotential.
Equiradical \E`qui*rad"i*cal\a. [Equi- + radical.]
Equally radical. [R.] --Coleridge.
Equirotal \E`qui*ro"tal\, a. [Equi- + L. rota wheel.]
Having wheels of the same size or diameter; having equal
rotation. [R.]
Equisetaceous \E`qui*se*ta"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Belonging to the {Equisetace[ae]}, or Horsetail family.
Equisetiform \E`qui*set"i*form\, a. [Equisetum- + -form.] (Bot.)
Having the form of the equisetum.
Equisetum \Eq`ui*se"tum\, n.; pl. {Equiseta}. [L., the
horsetail, fr. equus horse + seta a thick,, stiff hair,
bristle.] (Bot.)
A genus of vascular, cryptogamic, herbaceous plants; -- also
called {horsetails}.
Note: The {Equiseta} have hollow jointed stems and no true
leaves. The cuticle often contains siliceous granules,
so that one species ({E. hyemale}) is used for scouring
and polishing, under the name of {Dutch rush} or
{scouring rush}.
Equisonance \E*quis"o*nance\, n. [Equi- + L. sonans, p. pr. of
sonare to sound: cf. F. ['e]quisonnance. See {Sonant}.]
(Mus.)
An equal sounding; the consonance of the unison and its
octaves.
Equisonant \E*quis"o*nant\a.
Of the same or like sound.
Equitable \Eq"ui*ta*ble\, a. [F. ['e]quitable, from
['e]quit['e]. See {Equity}.]
1. Possessing or exhibiting equity; according to natural
right or natural justice; marked by a due consideration
for what is fair, unbiased, or impartial; just; as an
equitable decision; an equitable distribution of an
estate; equitable men.
No two . . . had exactly the same notion of what was
equitable. --Macaulay.
2. (Law) That can be sustained or made available or effective
in a court of equity, or upon principles of equity
jurisprudence; as, an equitable estate; equitable assets,
assignment, mortgage, etc. --Abbott.
Syn: Just; fair; reasonable; right; honest; impartial;
candid; upright.
Equitableness \Eq"ui*ta*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being equitable, just, or impartial; as, the
equitableness of a judge, a decision, or distribution of
property.
Equitably \Eq"ui*ta*bly\, adv.
In an equitable manner; justly; as, the laws should be
equitably administered.
Equitancy \Eq"ui*tan*cy\, n. [Cf. LL. equitantia. See
{Equitant}.]
Horsemanship.
Equitant \Eq"ui*tant\, a. [L. equitans, -antis, p. pr. of
equitare to ride, fr. eques horseman, fr. equus horse.]
1. Mounted on, or sitting upon, a horse; riding on horseback.
2. (Bot.) Overlapping each other; -- said of leaves whose
bases are folded so as to overlap and bestride the leaves
within or above them, as in the iris.
Equitation \Eq`ui*ta"tion\, n. [L. equitatio, fr. equitare: cf.
F. ['e]quitation.]
A riding, or the act of riding, on horseback; horsemanship.
The pretender to equitation mounted. --W. Irving.
Equitemporaneous \E`qui*tem`po*ra"ne*ous\, a. [L. aequus equal +
tempus, temporis, time.]
Contemporaneous. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Equites \Eq"ui*tes\n. pl [L., pl. of eques a horseman.] (Rom.
Antiq.)
An order of knights holding a middle place between the senate
and the commonalty; members of the Roman equestrian order.
Equity \Eq"ui*ty\, n.; pl. {Equities}. [F. ['e]quit['e], L.
aequitas, fr. aequus even, equal. See {Equal}.]
1. Equality of rights; natural justice or right; the giving,
or desiring to give, to each man his due, according to
reason, and the law of God to man; fairness in
determination of conflicting claims; impartiality.
Christianity secures both the private interests of
men and the public peace, enforcing all justice and
equity. --Tillotson.
2. (Law) An equitable claim; an equity of redemption; as, an
equity to a settlement, or wife's equity, etc.
I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled
to be shaken. --Kent.
3. (Law) A system of jurisprudence, supplemental to law,
properly so called, and complemental of it.
Equity had been gradually shaping itself into a
refined science which no human faculties could
master without long and intense application.
--Macaulay.
Note: Equitable jurisprudence in England and in the United
States grew up from the inadequacy of common-law forms
to secure justice in all cases; and this led to
distinct courts by which equity was applied in the way
of injunctions, bills of discovery, bills for specified
performance, and other processes by which the merits of
a case could be reached more summarily or more
effectively than by common-law suits. By the recent
English Judicature Act (1873), however, the English
judges are bound to give effect, in common-law suits,
to all equitable rights and remedies; and when the
rules of equity and of common law, in any particular
case, conflict, the rules of equity are to prevail. In
many jurisdictions in the United States, equity and
common law are thus blended; in others distinct equity
tribunals are still maintained. See {Chancery}.
{Equity of redemption} (Law), the advantage, allowed to a
mortgageor, of a certain or reasonable time to redeem
lands mortgaged, after they have been forfeited at law by
the nonpayment of the sum of money due on the mortgage at
the appointed time. --Blackstone.
Syn: Right; justice; impartiality; rectitude; fairness;
honesty; uprightness. See {Justice}.
Equivalence \E*quiv"a*lence\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]quivalence, LL.
aequivalentia.]
1. The condition of being equivalent or equal; equality of
worth, value, signification, or force; as, an equivalence
of definitions.
2. Equal power or force; equivalent amount.
3. (Chem.)
(a) The quantity of the combining power of an atom,
expressed in hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen
atoms can combine with, or be exchanged for; valency.
See {Valence}.
(b) The degree of combining power as determined by
relative weight. See {Equivalent}, n., 2. [R.]
Equivalence \E*quiv"a*lence\, v. t.
To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance. [R.] --Sir
T. Browne.
Equivalency \E*quiv"a*len*cy\, n.
Same as {Equivalence}.
Equivalent \E*quiv"a*lent\, a. [L. aequivalens, -entis, p. pr.
of aequivalere to have equal power; aequus equal + valere to
be strong, be worth: cf. F. ['e]quivalent. See {Equal}, and
{Valiant}.]
1. Equal in wortir or value, force, power, effect, import,
and the like; alike in significance and value; of the same
import or meaning.
For now to serve and to minister, servile and
ministerial, are terms equivalent. --South.
2. (Geom.) Equal in measure but not admitting of
superposition; -- applied to magnitudes; as, a square may
be equivalent to a triangle.
3. (Geol.) Contemporaneous in origin; as, the equivalent
strata of different countries.
Equivalent \E*quiv"a*lent\, n.
1. Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth,
weight, or force; as, to offer an equivalent for damage
done.
He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the
Protestants were entitled to some equivalent. . . .
During some weeks the word equivalent, then lately
imported from France, was in the mouths of all the
coffeehouse. --Macaulay.
2. (Chem.) That comparative quantity by weight of an element
which possesses the same chemical value as other elements,
as determined by actual experiment and reference to the
same standard. Specifically:
(a) The comparative proportions by which one element
replaces another in any particular compound; thus, as
zinc replaces hydrogen in hydrochloric acid, their
equivalents are 32.5 and 1.
(b) The combining proportion by weight of a substance, or
the number expressing this proportion, in any
particular compound; as, the equivalents of hydrogen
and oxygen in water are respectively 1 and 8, and in
hydric dioxide 1 and 16.
Note: This term was adopted by Wollaston to avoid using the
conjectural expression atomic weight, with which,
however, for a time it was practically synonymous. The
attempt to limit the term to the meaning of a
universally comparative combining weight failed,
because of the possibility of several compounds of the
substances by reason of the variation in combining
power which most elements exhibit. The equivalent was
really identical with, or a multiple of submultiple of,
the atomic weight.
3. (Chem.) A combining unit, whether an atom, a radical, or a
molecule; as, in acid salt two or more equivalents of acid
unite with one or more equivalents of base.
{Mechanical equivalent of heat} (Physics), the number of
units of work which the unit of heat can perform; the
mechanical energy which must be expended to raise the
temperature of a unit weight of water from 0[deg] C. to
1[deg] C., or from 32[deg] F. to 33[deg] F. The term was
introduced by Dr. Mayer of Heilbronn. Its value was found
by Joule to be 1390 foot pounds upon the Centigrade, or
772 foot pounds upon the Fahrenheit, thermometric scale,
whence it is often called {Joule's equivalent}, and
represented by the symbol J. This is equal to 424 kilogram
meters (Centigrade scale). A more recent determination by
Professor Rowland gives the value 426.9 kilogram meters,
for the latitude of Baltimore.
Equivalent \E*quiv"a*lent\, v. t.
To make the equivalent to; to equal; equivalence. [R.]
Equivalently \E*quiv"a*lent*ly\, adv.
In an equal manner.
Equivalue \E`qui*val"ue\, v. t.
To put an equal value upon; to put (something) on a par with
another thing. --W. Taylor.
Equivalve \E"qui*valve\, Equivalved \E"qui*valved\, a. [Equi- +
valve.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the valves equal in size and from, as in most bivalve
shells.
Equivalvular \E`qui*val"vu*lar\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Equivalve} or {Equivalved}.
Equivocacy \E*quiv"o*ca*cy\, n.
Equivocalness.
Equivocal \E*quiv"o*cal\, a. [L. aequivocus: aequus equal + vox,
vocis, word. See {Equal}, and {Voice}, and cf. {Equivoque}.]
1. (Literally, called equally one thing or the other; hence:)
Having two significations equally applicable; capable of
double interpretation; of doubtful meaning; ambiguous;
uncertain; as, equivocal words; an equivocal sentence.
For the beauties of Shakespeare are not of so dim or
equivocal a nature as to be visible only to learned
eyes. --Jeffrey.
2. Capable of being ascribed to different motives, or of
signifying opposite feelings, purposes, or characters;
deserving to be suspected; as, his actions are equivocal.
``Equivocal repentances.'' --Milton.
3. Uncertain, as an indication or sign; doubtful. ``How
equivocal a test.'' --Burke.
{Equivocal chord} (Mus.), a chord which can be resolved into
several distinct keys; one whose intervals, being all
minor thirds, do not clearly indicate its fundamental tone
or root; the chord of the diminished triad, and the
diminished seventh.
Syn: Ambiguous; doubtful; uncertain; indeterminate.
Usage: {Equivocal}, {Ambiguous}. We call an expression
ambiguous when it has one general meaning, and yet
contains certain words which may be taken in two
different senses; or certain clauses which can be so
connected with other clauses as to divide the mind
between different views of part of the meaning
intended. We call an expression equivocal when, taken
as a whole, it conveys a given thought with perfect
clearness and propriety, and also another thought with
equal propriety and clearness. Such were the responses
often given by the Delphic oracle; as that to Cr?sus
when consulting about a war with Persia: ``If you
cross the Halys, you will destroy a great empire.''
This he applied to the Persian empire, which lay
beyond that river, and, having crossed, destroyed his
own, empire in the conflict. What is ambiguous is a
mere blunder of language; what is equivocal is usually
intended to deceive, though it may occur at times from
mere inadvertence. Equivocation is applied only to
cases where there is a design to deceive.
Equivocal \E*quiv"o*cal\, n.
A word or expression capable of different meanings; an
ambiguous term; an equivoque.
In languages of great ductility, equivocals like that
just referred to are rarely found. --Fitzed.
Hall.
Equivocally \E*quiv"o*cal*ly\, adv.
In an equivocal manner.
Equivocalness \E*quiv"o*cal*ness\, n.
The state of being equivocal.
Equivocate \E*quiv"o*cate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Equivocated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Equivocating}.] [L. aequivocatus, p. p. of
aequivocari to be called by the same name, fr. L. aequivocus:
cf. F. ['e]quivoquer. See {Equivocal}, a.]
To use words of equivocal or doubtful signification; to
express one's opinions in terms which admit of different
senses, with intent to deceive; to use ambiguous expressions
with a view to mislead; as, to equivocate is the work of
duplicity.
All that Garnet had to say for him was that he supposed
he meant to equivocate. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Syn: To prevaricate; evade; shuffle; quibble. See
{Prevaricate}.
Equivocate \E*quiv"o*cate\, v. t.
To render equivocal or ambiguous.
He equivocated his vow by a mental reservation. --Sir
G. Buck.
Equivocation \E*quiv`o*ca"tion\, n.
The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification,
with a purpose to mislead.
There being no room for equivocations, there is no need
of distinctions. --Locke.
Syn: Prevarication; ambiguity; shuffling; evasion; guibbling.
See {Equivocal}, a., and {Prevaricate}, v. i.
Equivocator \E*quiv"o*ca`tor\, n.
One who equivocates.
Here's an equivocator that could swear in both the
scales against either scale, yet could not equivocate
to heaven. --Shak.
Equivocatory \E*quiv"o*ca*to*ry\, a.
Indicating, or characterized by, equivocation.
Equivoque \Eq"ui*voque\, Equivoke \Eq"ui*voke\, n. [F.
['e]quivoque. See {Equivocal}.]
1. An ambiguous term; a word susceptible of different
significations. --Coleridge.
2. An equivocation; a guibble. --B. Jonson.
Equivorous \E*quiv"o*rous\, a. [L. equus horse + vorare to eat
greedily.]
Feeding on horseflesh; as, equivorous Tartars.
Equus \E"quus\, n. [L., horse.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of mammals, including the horse, ass, etc.
-er \-er\
.
1. [AS. -ere; akin to L. -arius.] The termination of many
English words, denoting the agent; -- applied either to
men or things; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater. At the
end of names of places, -er signifies a man of the place;
as, Londoner, i. e., London man.
2. [AS. -ra; akin to G. -er, Icel. -are, -re, Goth. -iza,
-?za, L. -ior, Gr. ?, Skr. -[=i]yas.] A suffix used to
form the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; as,
warmer, sooner, lat(e)er, earl(y)ier.
Era \E"ra\, n.; pl. {Eras}. [LL. aera an era, in earlier usage,
the items of an account, counters, pl. of aes, aeris, brass,
money. See {Ore}.]
1. A fixed point of time, usually an epoch, from which a
series of years is reckoned.
The foundation of Solomon's temple is conjectured by
Ideler to have been an era. --R. S. Poole.
2. A period of time reckoned from some particular date or
epoch; a succession of years dating from some important
event; as, the era of Alexander; the era of Christ, or the
Christian era (see under {Christian}).
The first century of our era. --M. Arnold.
3. A period of time in which a new order of things prevails;
a signal stage of history; an epoch.
Painting may truly be said to have opened the new
era of culture. --J. A.
Symonds.
Syn: Epoch; time; date; period; age; dispensation. See
{Epoch}.
Eradiate \E*ra"di*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Eradiated}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Eradiating}.] [Pref. e- + radiate.]
To shoot forth, as rays of light; to beam; to radiate. --Dr.
H. More.
Eradiation \E*ra`di*a"tion\, n.
Emission of radiance.
Eradicable \E*rad"i*ca*ble\, a.
Capable of being eradicated.
Eradicate \E*rad"i*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eradicated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Eradicating}.] [L. eradicatus, p. p. of
eradicare to eradicate; e out + radix, radicis, root. See
{Radical}.]
1. To pluck up by the roots; to root up; as, an oak tree
eradicated.
2. To root out; to destroy utterly; to extirpate; as, to
eradicate diseases, or errors.
This, although now an old an inveterate evil, might
be eradicated by vigorous treatment. --Southey.
Syn: To extirpate; root out; exterminate; destroy;
annihilate.
Eradication \E*rad`i*ca"tion\, n. [L. eradicatio: cf. F.
['e]radication.]
1. The act of plucking up by the roots; a rooting out;
extirpation; utter destruction.
2. The state of being plucked up by the roots.
Eradicative \E*rad"i*ca*tive\, a. [Cf. ['e]radicatif.]
Tending or serving to eradicate; curing or destroying
thoroughly, as a disease or any evil.
Eradicative \E*rad"i*ca*tive\, n. (Med.)
A medicine that effects a radical cure. --Whitlock.
Erasable \E*ras"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being erased.
Erase \E*rase"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Erased}; p. pr. & vb. n..
{Erasing}.] [L. erasus, p. p. of eradere to erase; e out +
radere to scrape, scratch, shave. See {Rase}.]
1. To rub or scrape out, as letters or characters written,
engraved, or painted; to efface; to expunge; to cross out;
as, to erase a word or a name.
2. Fig.: To obliterate; to expunge; to blot out; -- used of
ideas in the mind or memory. --Burke.
Erased \E*rased"\, p. pr. & a.
1. Rubbed or scraped out; effaced; obliterated.
2. (Her.) Represented with jagged and uneven edges, as is
torn off; -- used esp. of the head or limb of a beast. Cf.
{Couped}.
Erasement \E*rase"ment\, n.
The act of erasing; a rubbing out; expunction; obliteration.
--Johnson.
Eraser \E*ras"er\, n.
One who, or that which, erases; esp., a sharp instrument or a
piece of rubber used to erase writings, drawings, etc.
Erasion \E*ra"sion\, n.
The act of erasing; a rubbing out; obliteration.
Erastian \E*ras"tian\ (?; 106), n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One of the followers of Thomas Erastus, a German physician
and theologian of the 16th century. He held that the
punishment of all offenses should be referred to the civil
power, and that holy communion was open to all. In the
present day, an Erastian is one who would see the church
placed entirely under the control of the State. --Shipley.
Erastianism \E*ras"tian*ism\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
The principles of the Erastains.
Erasure \E*ra"sure\ (?; 135), n. [From {Erase}.]
The act of erasing; a scratching out; obliteration.
Erative \Er"a*tive\, a.
Pertaining to the Muse Erato who presided over amatory
poetry. --Stormonth.
Erato \Er"a*to\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to love.] (Class.
Myth.)
The Muse who presided over lyric and amatory poetry.
Erbium \Er"bi*um\, n. [NL. from Ytterby, in Sweden, where
gadolinite is found. Cf. {Terbium}, {Yttrium}, {Ytterbium}.]
(Chem.)
A rare metallic element associated with several other rare
elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden.
Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored
and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called
erbia.
Ercedeken \Er`ce*de"ken\, n. [OE., fr. pref. erce- = archi- +
deken a deacon.]
An archdeacon. [Obs.]
Erd \Erd\, n. [OE. erd, eard, earth, land, country, AS. eard;
akin to OS. ard dwelling place, OHG. art plowing, tillage,
Icel. ["o]r[eth] crop, and to L. arare to plow, E. ear to
plow.]
The earth. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
{Erd shrew} (Zo["o]l.), the common European shrew ({Sorex
vulgaris}); the shrewmouse.
Ere \Ere\ (?; 277), prep. & adv. [AS. ?r, prep., adv., & conj.;
akin to OS., OFries., & OHG. ?r, G. eher, D. eer, Icel.
[=a]r, Goth. air. [root]204. Cf. {Early}, {Erst}, {Or}, adv.]
1. Before; sooner than. [Archaic or Poetic]
Myself was stirring ere the break of day. --Shak.
Ere sails were spread new oceans to explore.
--Dryden.
Sir, come down ere my child die. --John iv. 49.
2. Rather than.
I will be thrown into Etna, . . . ere I will leave
her. --Shak.
{Ere long}, before, shortly. --Shak.
{Ere now}, formerly, heretofore. --Shak.
{Ere that}, & {Or are}. Same as {Ere}. --Shak.
Ere \Ere\, v. t.
To plow. [Obs.] See {Ear}, v. t. --Chaucer.
Erebus \Er"e*bus\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.]
1. (Greek Myth.) A place of nether darkness, being the gloomy
space through which the souls passed to Hades. See
Milton's ``Paradise Lost,'' Book II., line 883.
2. (Greek Myth.) The son of Chaos and brother of {Nox}, who
dwelt in Erebus.
To the infernal deep, with Erebus and tortures vile.
--Shak.
Erect \E*rect"\, a. [L. erectus, p. p. of erigere to erect; e
out + regere to lead straight. See {Right}, and cf. {Alert}.]
1. Upright, or having a vertical position; not inverted; not
leaning or bent; not prone; as, to stand erect.
Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall. --Milton.
Among the Greek colonies and churches of Asia,
Philadelphia is still erect -- a column of ruins.
--Gibbon.
2. Directed upward; raised; uplifted.
His piercing eyes, erect, appear to view Superior
worlds, and look all nature through. --Pope.
3. Bold; confident; free from depression; undismayed.
But who is he, by years Bowed, but erect in heart?
--Keble.
4. Watchful; alert.
Vigilant and erect attention of mind. --Hooker.
5. (Bot.) Standing upright, with reference to the earth's
surface, or to the surface to which it is attached.
6. (Her.) Elevated, as the tips of wings, heads of serpents,
etc.
Erect \E*rect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Erected}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Erecting}.]
1. To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular
position; to set upright; to raise; as, to erect a pole, a
flagstaff, a monument, etc.
2. To raise, as a building; to build; to construct; as, to
erect a house or a fort; to set up; to put together the
component parts of, as of a machine.
3. To lift up; to elevate; to exalt; to magnify.
That didst his state above his hopes erect.
--Daniel.
I, who am a party, am not to erect myself into a
judge. --Dryden.
4. To animate; to encourage; to cheer.
It raiseth the dropping spirit, erecting it to a
loving complaisance. --Barrow.
5. To set up as an assertion or consequence from premises, or
the like. ``To erect conclusions.'' --Sir T. Browne.
``Malebranche erects this proposition.'' --Locke.
6. To set up or establish; to found; to form; to institute.
``To erect a new commonwealth.'' --Hooker.
{Erecting shop} (Mach.), a place where large machines, as
engines, are put together and adjusted.
Syn: To set up; raise; elevate; construct; build; institute;
establish; found.
Erect \E*rect"\, v. i.
To rise upright. [Obs.]
By wet, stalks do erect. --Bacon.
Erectable \E*rect"a*ble\a.
Capable of being erected; as, an erectable feather. --Col. G.
Montagu.
Erecter \E*rect"er\, n.
An erector; one who raises or builds.
Erectile \E*rect"ile\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]rectile.]
Capable of being erected; susceptible of being erected of
dilated.
{Erectile tissue} (Anat.), a tissue which is capable of being
greatly dilated and made rigid by the distension of the
numerous blood vessels which it contains.
Erectility \E`rec*til"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being erectile.
Erection \E*rec"tion\, n. [L. erectio: cf. F. ['e]rection.]
1. The act of erecting, or raising upright; the act of
constructing, as a building or a wall, or of fitting
together the parts of, as a machine; the act of founding
or establishing, as a commonwealth or an office; also, the
act of rousing to excitement or courage.
2. The state of being erected, lifted up, built, established,
or founded; exaltation of feelings or purposes.
Her peerless height my mind to high erection draws
up. --Sidney
3. State of being stretched to stiffness; tension.
4. Anything erected; a building of any kind.
5. (Physiol.) The state of a part which, from having been
soft, has become hard and swollen by the accumulation of
blood in the erectile tissue.
Erective \E*rect"ive\, a.
Making erect or upright; raising; tending to erect.
Erectly \E*rect"ly\, adv.
In an erect manner or posture.
Erectness \E*rect"ness\, n.
Uprightness of posture or form.
Erecto-patent \E*rec"to-pat"ent\, a.
1. (Bot.) Having a position intermediate between erect and
patent, or spreading.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Standing partially spread and erect; -- said of
the wings of certain insects.
Erector \E*rec"tor\, n.
1. One who, or that which, erects.
2. (Anat.) A muscle which raises any part.
3. (Physics) An attachment to a microscope, telescope, or
other optical instrument, for making the image erect
instead of inverted.
Erelong \Ere`long"\ (?; 115), adv.
Before the ?apse of a long time; soon; -- usually separated,
ere long.
A man, . . . following the stag, erelong slew him.
--Spenser.
The world, erelong, a world of tears must weep.
--Milton.
Eremacausis \Er`e*ma*cau"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? quietly + ?
burning, fr. ? to burn.]
A gradual oxidation from exposure to air and moisture, as in
the decay of old trees or of dead animals.
Eremitage \Er"e*mit*age\, n.
See {Hermitage}.
Eremite \Er"e*mite\, n. [See {Hermit}.]
A hermit.
Thou art my heaven, and I thy eremite. --Keats.
Eremitic \Er`e*mit"ic\, Eremitical \Er`e*mit"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to an eremite; hermitical; living in
solitude. ``An eremitical life in the woods.'' --Fuller.
``The eremitic instinct.'' --Lowell.
Eremitish \Er"e*mi`tish\, a.
Eremitic. --Bp. Hall.
Eremitism \Er"e*mit*ism\, n.
The state of a hermit; a living in seclusion from social
life.
Eretation \E`re*ta"tion\, n. [L. erepere to creep out; e out +
repere to creep.]
A creeping forth. [Obs.]
Ereption \E*rep"tion\, n. [L. ereptio, fr. eripere to snatch
away; e out + rapere to snatch.]
A snatching away. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Erethism \Er"e*thism\, n. [Gr. ? irritation, fr. ? to stir,
rouse, fr. ? to stir: cf. F. ['e]r['e]thisme.] (Med.)
A morbid degree of excitement or irritation in an organ.
--Hoblyn.
Erethistic \Er`e*this"tic\, a. [Gr. ? irritating.]
Relating to erethism.
Erewhile \Ere`while"\, Erewhiles \Ere`whiles"\, adv.
Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore. [Archaic]
I am as fair now as I was erewhile. --Shak.
Erf \Erf\, n.; pl. {Erven}. [D.]
A garden plot, usually about half an acre. [Cape Colony]
Erg \Erg\, n. [Gr. ? work.] (Physics)
The unit of work or energy in the C. G. S. system, being the
amount of work done by a dyne working through a distance of
one centimeter; the amount of energy expended in moving a
body one centimeter against a force of one dyne. One foot
pound is equal to 13,560,000 ergs.
Ergat \Er"gat\, v. t. [L. ergo therefore.]
To deduce logically, as conclusions. [Obs.] --Hewyt.
Ergo \Er"go\, conj. or adv. [L.]
Therefore; consequently; -- often used in a jocular way.
--Shak.
Ergot \Er"got\, n. [F. ergot, argot, lit., a spur.]
1. A diseased condition of rye and other cereals, in which
the grains become black, and often spur-shaped. It is
caused by a parasitic fungus, {Claviceps purpurea}.
2. The mycelium or spawn of this fungus infecting grains of
rye and wheat. It is a powerful remedial agent, and also a
dangerous poison, and is used as a means of hastening
childbirth, and to arrest bleeding.
3. (Far.) A stub, like soft horn, about the size of a
chestnut, situated behind and below the pastern joint.
4. (Anat.) See 2d {Calcar}, 3
(b) .
Ergotic \Er*got"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, ergot; as, ergotic acid.
Ergotin \Er"go*tin\, n. (Med.)
An extract made from ergot.
Ergotine \Er"go*tine\ (Chem.)
A powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a
brown, amorphous, bitter substance. It is used to produce
contraction of the uterus.
Ergotism \Er"go*tism\, n. [F. ergotisme, fr. L. ergo.]
A logical deduction. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Ergotism \Er"got*ism\, n. [From {Ergot}, n.; cf. F. ergotisme.]
(Med.)
A diseased condition produced by eating rye affected with the
ergot fungus.
Ergotized \Er"got*ized\, a.
Affected with the ergot fungus; as, ergotized rye.
Eriach \Er"i*ach\, Eric \Er"ic\, n. [Ir. eiric.] (Old Irish Law)
A recompense formerly given by a murderer to the relatives of
the murdered person.
Erica \E*ri"ca\, n. [NL., fr. L. erice heath, Gr. ?.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubby plants, including the heaths, many of them
producing beautiful flowers.
Ericaceous \Er`i*ca"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Belonging to the Heath family, or resembling plants of that
family; consisting of heats.
Ericinol \E*ric"i*nol\, n. [NL. ericaceae the Heath family + L.
oleum oil.] (Chem.)
A colorless oil (quickly becoming brown), with a pleasant
odor, obtained by the decomposition of ericolin.
Ericius \E*ri"ci*us\, n. [L., a hedgehog.]
The Vulgate rendering of the Hebrew word qip[=o]d, which in
the ``Authorized Version'' is translated bittern, and in the
Revised Version, porcupine.
I will make it [Babylon] a possession for the ericius
and pools of waters. --Is. xiv. 23
(Douay
version).
Ericolin \E*ric"o*lin\, n. (Chem.)
A glucoside found in the bearberry (and others of the
{Ericace[ae]}), and extracted as a bitter, yellow, amorphous
mass.
Eridanus \E*rid"a*nus\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, the Greek name of the
River Po.] (Anat.)
A long, winding constellation extending southward from Taurus
and containing the bright star Achernar.
Erigible \Er"i*gi*ble\ ([e^]r"[i^]*j[i^]*b'l), a. [See {Erect}.]
Capable of being erected. [Obs.]
Erin \E"rin\ ([=e]"r[i^]n), n. [Ir. Cf. {Aryan}.]
An early, and now a poetic, name of Ireland.
Erinaceous \Er`i*na"ceous\, a. [L. erinaceus hedgehog.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Of the Hedgehog family; like, or characteristic of, a
hedgehog.
Eringo \E*rin"go\, n.
The sea holly. See {Eryngo}.
Erinite \Er"i*nite\, n. (Min.)
A hydrous arseniate of copper, of an emerald-green color; --
so called from Erin, or Ireland, where it occurs.
Erinys \E*rin"ys\, n.; pl. {Erinyes}. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] (Class.
Myth.)
An avenging deity; one of the Furies; sometimes, conscience
personified. [Written also {Erinnys}.]
Eriometer \E`ri*om"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? wool + -meter.] (Opt.)
An instrument for measuring the diameters of minute particles
or fibers, from the size of the colored rings produced by the
diffraction of the light in which the objects are viewed.
Eristalis \E*ris"ta*lis\, n. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of dipterous insects whose young (called rat-tailed
larv[ae]) are remarkable for their long tapering tail, which
spiracles at the tip, and for their ability to live in very
impure and salt waters; -- also called {drone fly}.
Eristic \E*ris"tic\, Eristical \E*ris"tic*al\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ?
to strive, wrangle, ? strife.]
Controversial. [Archaic]
A specimen of admirable special pleading in the court
of eristic logic. --Coleridge.
Erke \Erke\, a. [Cf. {Irk}.]
ASlothful. [Obs.] --Rom. of R.
Erlking \Erl"king`\, n. [G. erlk["o]nig, fr. Dan. ellekonge
elfking.]
A personification, in German and Scandinavian mythology, of a
spirit natural power supposed to work mischief and ruin, esp.
to children.
Erme \Erme\, v. i. [OE. ermen, AS. yrman. Cf. {Yearn}.]
To grieve; to feel sad. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ermelin \Er"me*lin\, Ermilin \Er"mi*lin\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Ermine}. --Shenstone.
Ermin \Er"min\, n. [OF. Ermin, L. Armenius.]
An Armenian. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ermine \Er"mine\, n. [OF. ermine, F. hermine, prob. of German
origin; cf. OHG. harmo, G. hermelin, akin to Lith. szarm?,
szarmonys, weasel, cf. AS. hearma; but cf. also LL.
armelinus, armellina, hermellina, and pellis Armenia, the fur
of the Armenian rat, mus Armenius, the animal being found
also in Armenia.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A valuable fur-bearing animal of the genus
Mustela ({M. erminea}), allied to the weasel; the stoat.
It is found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and
America. In summer it is brown, but in winter it becomes
white, except the tip of the tail, which is always black.
2. The fur of the ermine, as prepared for ornamenting
garments of royalty, etc., by having the tips of the
tails, which are black, arranged at regular intervals
throughout the white.
3. By metonymy, the office or functions of a judge, whose
state robe, lined with ermine, is emblematical of purity
and honor without stain. --Chatham.
4. (Her.) One of the furs. See {Fur} (Her.)
Note: Ermine is represented by an argent field, tufted with
black. Ermines is the reverse of ermine, being black,
spotted or timbered with argent. Erminois is the same
as ermine, except that or is substituted for argent.
{Ermine moth} (Zo["o]l.), a white moth with black spots (esp.
{Yponomeuta padella} of Europe); -- so called on account
of the resemblance of its covering to the fur of the
ermine; also applied to certain white bombycid moths of
America.
Ermine \Er"mine\, v. t.
To clothe with, or as with, ermine.
The snows that have ermined it in the winter. --Lowell.
Ermined \Er"mined\, a.
Clothed or adorned with the fur of the ermine. --Pope.
Ermines \Er"mines\, n., Erminois \Er"min*ois\, n.(Her.)
See Note under {Ermine}, n., 4.
Ermit \Er"mit\, n. [See {Hermit}.]
A hermit. [Obs.]
Ern \Ern\, Erne \Erne\, n. [AS. earn eagle; akin to D. arend,
OHG. aro, G. aar, Icel., Sw., & Dan. ["o]rn, Goth. ara, and
to Gr. ? bird. ???. Cf. {Ornithology}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A sea eagle, esp. the European white-tailed sea eagle
({Hali[ae]etus albicilla}).
Ern \Ern\, v. i. [Cf. {Erme}.]
To stir with strong emotion; to grieve; to mourn.
Note: [Corrupted into yearn in modern editions of
Shakespeare.] [Obs.]
Ernest \Er"nest\, n.
See {Earnest}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ernestful \Er"nest*ful\, a. [See {Earnest}, a.]
Serious. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Erode \E*rode"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eroded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Eroding}.] [L. erodere, erosum; e out + rodere to gnaw. See
{Rodent}.]
To eat into or away; to corrode; as, canker erodes the flesh.
``The blood . . . erodes the vessels.'' --Wiseman.
The smaller charge is more apt to . . . erode the gun.
--Am. Cyc.
Eroded \E*rod"ed\, p. p. & a.
1. Eaten away; gnawed; irregular, as if eaten or worn away.
2. (Bot.) Having the edge worn away so as to be jagged or
irregularly toothed.
Erodent \E*rod"ent\, n. [L. erodens, -entis, p. pr. of erodere.
See {Erode}.] (Med.)
A medicine which eats away extraneous growths; a caustic.
Erogate \Er"o*gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Erogated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Erogating}.] [L. erogatus, p. p. of erogare; e out +
rogare to ask.]
To lay out, as money; to deal out; to expend. [Obs.]
Erogation \Er`o*ga"tion\, n. [L. erogatio.]
The act of giving out or bestowing. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot.
Eros \E"ros\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? love, ? (personified) Eros, fr.
? to love.] (Greek Myth.)
Love; the god of love; -- by earlier writers represented as
one of the first and creative gods, by later writers as the
son of Aphrodite, equivalent to the Latin god Cupid.
Erose \E*rose"\, a. [L. erosus, p. p. See {Erode}.]
1. Irregular or uneven as if eaten or worn away.
2. (Bot.) Jagged or irregularly toothed, as if nibbled out or
gnawed. -- {E*rose"ly}, adv.
Erosion \E*ro"sion\, n. [L. erosio. See {Erode}.]
1. The act or operation of eroding or eating away.
2. The state of being eaten away; corrosion; canker.
Erosive \E*ro"sive\, a.
That erodes or gradually eats away; tending to erode;
corrosive. --Humble.
Erostrate \E*ros"trate\, a. [Pref. e- out + rostrate.] (Bot.)
Without a beak.
Eroteme \Er"o*teme\, n. [Gr. ? question.]
A mark indicating a question; a note of interrogation.
Erotesis \Er`o*te"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a questioning, fr. ?
to ask.] (Rhet.)
A figure o? speech by which a strong affirmation of the
contrary, is implied under the form o? an earnest
interrogation, as in the following lines;
Must I give way and room to your rash choler? Shall I
be frighted when a madman stares? --Shak.
Erotic \E*rot"ic\, Erotical \E*rot"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?: cf. F.
['e]rotique. See {Eros}.]
Of or pertaining to the passion of love; treating of love;
amatory.
Erotic \E*rot"ic\, n.
An amorous composition or poem.
Eroticism \E*rot"i*cism\, n.
Erotic quality.
Erpetologist \Er`pe*tol"o*gist\, n.
Herpetologist.
Erpetology \Er`pe*tol"o*gy\, n. [Cf. F. erp['e]tologie.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Herpetology.
Err \Err\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Erred}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Erring}
(?; 277, 85).] [F. errer, L. errare; akin to G. irren, OHG.
irran, v. t., irr?n, v. i., OS. irrien, Sw. irra, Dan. irre,
Goth, a['i]rzjan to lead astray, airzise astray.]
1. To wander; to roam; to stray. [Archaic] ``Why wilt thou
err from me?'' --Keble.
What seemeth to you, if there were to a man an
hundred sheep and one of them hath erred. --Wyclif
(Matt. xviii.
12).
2. To deviate from the true course; to miss the thing aimed
at. ``My jealous aim might err.'' --Shak.
3. To miss intellectual truth; to fall into error; to mistake
in judgment or opinion; to be mistaken.
The man may err in his judgment of circumstances.
--Tillotson.
4. To deviate morally from the right way; to go astray, in a
figurative sense; to do wrong; to sin.
Do they not err that devise evil? --Prov. xiv.
22.
5. To offend, as by erring.
Errable \Er"ra*ble\, a.
Liable to error; fallible.
Errableness \Er"ra*ble*ness\, n.
Liability to error. --Dr. H. More.
Errabund \Er"ra*bund\, a. [L. errabundus.]
Erratic. ``Errabund guesses.'' --Southey.
Errancy \Er"ran*cy\, n. [L. errantia.]
A wandering; state of being in error.
Errand \Er"rand\, n. [OE. erende, erande, message, business, AS.
[ae]rende, [ae]rend; akin to OS. arundi, OHG. arunti, Icel.
eyrendi, ["o]rendi, erendi, Sw. ["a]rende, Dan. [ae]rende;
perh. akin to AS. earu swift, Icel. ["o]rr, and to L. oriri
to rise, E. orient.]
A special business intrusted to a messenger; something to be
told or done by one sent somewhere for the purpose; often, a
verbal message; a commission; as, the servant was sent on an
errand; to do an errand. Also, one's purpose in going
anywhere.
I have a secret errand to thee, O king. --Judg. iii.
19.
I will not eat till I have told mine errand. --Gen.
xxiv. 33.
Errant \Er"rant\, a. [F. errant, p. pr. fr. OF. errer to travel,
LL. iterare, fr. L. iter journey; confused somewhat with L.
errare to err. See {Eyre}, and cf. {Arrant}, {Itinerant}.]
1. Wandering; deviating from an appointed course, or from a
direct path; roving.
Seven planets or errant stars in the lower orbs of
heaven. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. Notorious; notoriously bad; downright; arrant.
Would make me an errant fool. --B. Jonson.
3. (Eng. Law) Journeying; itinerant; -- formerly applied to
judges who went on circuit and to bailiffs at large.
--Mozley & W.
Errant \Er"rant\, n.
One who wanders about. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Errantia \Er*ran"ti*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. errare to wander.
See {Err}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of ch[ae]topod annelids, including those that are not
confined to tubes. See {Ch[ae]topoda}. [Written also
{Errantes}.]
Errantry \Er"rant*ry\, n.
1. A wandering; a roving; esp., a roving in quest of
adventures. --Addison.
2. The employment of a knight-errant. --Johnson.
Errata \Er*ra"ta\, n. pl. [L.]
See {Erratum}.
Erratic \Er*rat"ic\, a. [L. erraticus, fr. errare to wander: cf.
F. erratique. See {Err}.]
1. Having no certain course; roving about without a fixed
destination; wandering; moving; -- hence, applied to the
planets as distinguished from the fixed stars.
The earth and each erratic world. --Blackmore.
2. Deviating from a wise of the common course in opinion or
conduct; eccentric; strange; queer; as, erratic conduct.
3. Irregular; changeable. ``Erratic fever.'' --Harvey.
{Erratic blocks}, {gravel, etc.} (Geol.), masses of stone
which have been transported from their original resting
places by the agency of water, ice, or other causes.
{Erratic phenomena}, the phenomena which relate to
transported materials on the earth's surface.
Erratic \Er*rat"ic\, n.
1. One who deviates from common and accepted opinions; one
who is eccentric or preserve in his intellectual
character.
2. A rogue. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
3. (Geol.) Any stone or material that has been borne away
from its original site by natural agencies; esp., a large
block or fragment of rock; a bowlder.
Note: In the plural the term is applied especially to the
loose gravel and stones on the earth's surface,
including what is called drift.
Erratical \Er*rat"ic*al\, a.
Erratic. -- {Er*rat"ic*al*ly}, adv. -- {Er*rat"ic*al*ness},
n.
Erration \Er*ra"tion\, n. [L. erratio. See {Err}.]
A wandering; a roving about. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Erratum \Er*ra"tum\, n.; pl. {Errata}. [L., fr. errare, erratum,
to wander, err. See {Err}.]
An error or mistake in writing or printing.
A single erratum may knock out the brains of a whole
passage. --Cowper.
Erthine \Er"thine\, n. [Gr. ?; ? in + ?, ?, nose: cf. F.
errhin.] (Med.)
A medicine designed to be snuffed up the nose, to promote
discharges of mucus; a sternutatory. --Coxe. -- a. Causing or
increasing secretion of nasal mucus.
Erroneous \Er*ro"ne*ous\, a. [L. erroneus, fr. errare to err.
See {Err}.]
1. Wandering; straying; deviating from the right course; --
hence, irregular; unnatural. [Obs.] ``Erroneous
circulation.'' --Arbuthnot.
Stopped much of the erroneous light, which otherwise
would have disturbed the vision. --Sir I.
Newman.
2. Misleading; misled; mistaking. [Obs.]
An erroneous conscience commands us to do what we
ought to omit. --Jer. Taylor.
3. Containing error; not conformed to truth or justice;
incorrect; false; mistaken; as, an erroneous doctrine;
erroneous opinion, observation, deduction, view, etc. --
{Er*ro"ne*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Er*ro"ne*ous*ness}, n.
Error \Er"ror\, n. [OF. error, errur, F. erreur, L. error, fr.
errare to err. See {Err}.]
1. A wandering; a roving or irregular course. [Obs.]
The rest of his journey, his error by sea. --B.
Jonson.
2. A wandering or deviation from the right course or
standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something
made wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in
printing; a clerical error.
3. A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false
notion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension.
H? judgment was often in error, though his candor
remained unimpaired. --Bancroft.
4. A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or
transgression; iniquity; fault. --Ps. xix. 12.
5. (Math.) The difference between the approximate result and
the true result; -- used particularly in the rule of
double position.
6. (Mensuration)
(a) The difference between an observed value and the true
value of a quantity.
(b) The difference between the observed value of a
quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the
true value; -- sometimes called {residual error}.
7. (Law.) A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record
in matters of law or of fact.
8. (Baseball) A fault of a player of the side in the field
which results in failure to put out a player on the other
side, or gives him an unearned base.
{Law of error}, or {Law of frequency of error} (Mensuration),
the law which expresses the relation between the magnitude
of an error and the frequency with which that error will
be committed in making a large number of careful
measurements of a quantity.
{Probable error}. (Mensuration) See under {Probable}.
{Writ of error} (Law), an original writ, which lies after
judgment in an action at law, in a court of record, to
correct some alleged error in the proceedings, or in the
judgment of the court. --Bouvier. Burrill.
Syn: Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion;
hallucination; sin. See {Blunder}.
Errorful \Er"ror*ful\, a.
Full of error; wrong. --Foxe.
Errorist \Er"ror*ist\, n.
One who encourages and propagates error; one who holds to
error.
Ers \Ers\ ([~e]rs), n. [F., fr. L. ervum a kind of pulse, bitter
vetch.] (Bot.)
The bitter vetch ({Ervum Ervilia}).
Erse \Erse\ ([~e]rs), n. [A modification of Irish, OE. Irishe.]
A name sometimes given to that dialect of the Celtic which is
spoken in the Highlands of Scotland; -- called, by the
Highlanders, {Gaelic}.
Erse \Erse\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Celtic race in the Highlands of
Scotland, or to their language.
Ersh \Ersh\ ([~e]rsh), n.
See {Arrish}.
Erst \Erst\ ([~e]rst), adv. [Orig. superlative of ere; AS.
[=ae]rest. See {Ere}.] [Archaic]
1. First. --Chaucer.
2. Previously; before; formerly; heretofore. --Chaucer.
Tityrus, with whose style he had erst disclaimed all
ambition to match his pastoral pipe. --A. W. Ward.
{At erst}, at first; at the beginning.
{Now at erst}, at this present time. --Chaucer.
Erstwhile \Erst`while"\ (-hw[imac]l"), adv.
Till then or now; heretofore; formerly. [Archaic]
Erubescence \Er`u*bes"cence\ (?; 135), Erubescency
\Er`u*bes"cen*cy\, n. [L. erubescentia: cf. F. ['e]rubescence.]
The act of becoming red; redness of the skin or surface of
anything; a blushing.
Erubescent \Er`u*bes"cent\, a. [L. erubescens, p. pr. erubescere
to grow red; e out + rubescere. See {Rubescent}.]
Red, or reddish; blushing. --Johnson.
Erubescite \Er`u*bes"cite\, n. (Min.)
See {Bornite}.
Eruca \E*ru"ca\, n.; pl. {Eruc[ae]}. [L., a caterpillar, also, a
sort of colewort.] (Zo["o]l.)
An insect in the larval state; a caterpillar; a larva.
Erucic \E*ru"cic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, a genus of cruciferous
Mediterranean herbs ({Eruca} or {Brassica}); as, erucic acid,
a fatty acid resembling oleic acid, and found in colza oil,
mustard oil, etc.
Erucifrom \E*ru"ci*from\, a. [Eruca + -form.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the form of a caterpillar; -- said of insect larv[ae].
Eruct \E*ruct"\, Eructate \E*ruc"tate\, v. t. [L. eructare; e
out + ructare to belch: cf. F. ['e]ructer.]
To eject, as wind, from the stomach; to belch. [R.] --Howell.
Eructation \Er`uc*ta"tion\, n. [L. eructatio: cf. F.
['e]ructation.]
1. The act of belching wind from the stomach; a belch.
2. A violent belching out or emitting, as of gaseous or other
matter from the crater of a volcano, geyser, etc.
Erudiate \E*ru"di*ate\, v. t. [L. erudire.]
To instruct; to educate; to teach. [Obs.]
The skillful goddess there erudiates these In all she
did. --Fanshawe.
Erudite \Er"u*dite\ (?; 135), a. [L. eruditus, p. p. of erudire
to free from rudeness, to polish, instruct; e out + rudis
rude: cf. F. ['e]rudit. See {Rude}.]
Characterized by extensive reading or knowledge; well
instructed; learned. ``A most erudite prince.'' --Sir T.
More. ``Erudite . . . theology.'' --I. Taylor. --
{Er"u*dite`ly}, adv. -- {Er"u*dite`ness}, n.
Erudition \Er`u*di"tion\, n. [L. eruditio: cf. F. ['e]rudition.]
The act of instructing; the result of thorough instruction;
the state of being erudite or learned; the acquisitions
gained by extensive reading or study; particularly, learning
in literature or criticism, as distinct from the sciences;
scholarship.
The management of a young lady's person is not be
overlooked, but the erudition of her mind is much more
to be regarded. --Steele.
The gay young gentleman whose erudition sat so easily
upon him. --Macaulay.
Syn: Literature; learning. See {Literature}.
Erugate \Er"u*gate\, a. [L. erugatus, p. p. of erugare to
smooth; e out + ruga wrinkle.]
Freed from wrinkles; smooth.
Eruginous \E*ru"gi*nous\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]rugineux. See
{[AE]ruginous}.]
Partaking of the substance or nature of copper, or of the
rust copper; resembling the trust of copper or verdigris;
[ae]ruginous.
Erumpent \E*rum"pent\, a. [L. erumpens, -entis, p. pr. of
erumpere.] (Bot.)
Breaking out; -- said of certain fungi which burst through
the texture of leaves.
Erupt \E*rupt"\, v. t. [See {Eruption}.]
To cause to burst forth; to eject; as, to erupt lava.
--Huxley.
Eruption \E*rup"tion\, n. [L. eruptio, fr. erumpere, eruptum, to
break out; e out + rumpere, to break: cf. F. ['e]ruption. See
{Rupture}.]
1. The act of breaking out or bursting forth; as:
(a) A violent throwing out of flames, lava, etc., as from
a volcano of a fissure in the earth's crust.
(b) A sudden and overwhelming hostile movement of armed
men from one country to another. --Milton.
(c) A violent commotion.
All Paris was quiet . . . to gather fresh
strength for the next day's eruption. --W.
Irving.
2. That which bursts forth.
3. A violent exclamation; ejaculation.
He would . . . break out into bitter and passionate
eruditions. --Sir H.
Wotton.
4. (Med.) The breaking out of pimples, or an efflorescence,
as in measles, scarlatina, etc.
Eruptional \E*rup"tion*al\, a.
Eruptive. [R.] --R. A. Proctor.
Eruptive \E*rup"tive\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]ruptif.]
1. Breaking out or bursting forth.
The sudden glance Appears far south eruptive through
the cloud. --Thomson.
2. (Med.) Attended with eruption or efflorescence, or
producing it; as, an eruptive fever.
3. (Geol.) Produced by eruption; as, eruptive rocks, such as
the igneous or volcanic.
Eruptive \E*rup"tive\, n. (Geol.)
An eruptive rock.
Eryngium \E*ryn"gi*um\ ([-e]*r[i^]n"j[i^]*[u^]m), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. 'hry`ggion, dim. of 'h`ryggos eryngo; cf. L. eryngion,
erynge.] (Bot.)
A genus of umbelliferous plants somewhat like thistles in
appearance. {Eryngium maritimum}, or sea holly, has been
highly esteemed as an aphrodisiac, the roots being formerly
candied.
Eryngo \E*ryn"go\, n. (Bot.)
A plant of the genus Eryngium.
Erysipelas \Er`y*sip"e*las\, n. [L., fr. Gr. 'erysi`pelas;
'eryqro`s red + pe`lla hide, skin. See {Red}, and {Pell}, n.]
(Med.)
St. Anthony's fire; a febrile disease accompanied with a
diffused inflammation of the skin, which, starting usually
from a single point, spreads gradually over its surface. It
is usually regarded as contagious, and often occurs
epidemically.
Erysipelatoid \Er`y*si*pel"a*toid\, a. [Gr. 'erysi`pelas
erysipelas + -oid.]
Resembling erysipelas.
Erysipelatous \Er`y*si*pel"a*tous\, a. [Cf. F.
['e]rysip['e]lateux.]
Resembling erysipelas, or partaking of its nature.
Erysipelous \Er`y*sip"e*lous\, a.
Erysipelatous.
Erythema \Er`y*the"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to redden, fr.
'eryqro`s red.] (Med.)
A disease of the skin, in which a diffused inflammation forms
rose-colored patches of variable size.
Erythematic \Er`y*the*mat"ic\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]ryth['e]matique.]
(Med.)
Characterized by, or causing, a morbid redness of the skin;
relating to erythema.
Erythematous \Er`y*them"a*tous\, a. (Med.)
Relating to, or causing, erythema.
Erythrean \Er`y*thre"an\, Erythraean \Er`y*thr[ae]"an\, a. [L.
erythraeus; Gr. ?, fr. 'eryqro`s red.]
Red in color. ``The erythrean main.'' --Milton.
Erythric \E*ryth"ric\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, erythrin.
Erythrin \E*ryth"rin\, Erythrine \E*ryth"rine\, n. [Gr.
'eryqro`s red.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, {C20H22O10},
extracted from certain lichens, as the various species of
{Rocella}. It is a derivative of orsellinic acid. So
called because of certain red compounds derived from it.
Called also {erythric} acid.
2. (Min.) See {Erythrite}, 2.
Erythrina \Er`y*thri"na\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'eryqro`s red.]
(Bot.)
A genus of leguminous plants growing in the tropics; coral
tree; -- so called from its red flowers.
Erythrism \E*ryth"rism\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red: cf. F.
['e]rythrisme.] (Zo["o]l.)
A condition of excessive redness. See {Erythrochroism}.
Erythrite \E*ryth"rite\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, {C4H6.(OH)4},
of a sweet, cooling taste, extracted from certain lichens,
and obtained by the decomposition of erythrin; -- called
also {erythrol}, {erythroglucin}, {erythromannite},
{pseudorcin}, {cobalt bloom}, and under the name {phycite}
obtained from the alga {Protococcus vulgaris}. It is a
tetrabasic alcohol, corresponding to glycol and glycerin.
2. (Min.) A rose-red mineral, crystallized and earthy, a
hydrous arseniate of cobalt, known also as {cobalt bloom};
-- called also {erythrin} or {erythrine}.
Erythrochroic \E*ryth`ro*chro"ic\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having, or subject to, erythrochroism.
Erythrochroism \E*ryth"ro*chro*ism\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + ?
color.] (Zo["o]l.)
An unusual redness, esp. in the plumage of birds, or hair of
mammals, independently of age, sex, or season.
Erythrodextrin \E*ryth`ro*dex"trin\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + E.
dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A dextrin which gives a red color with iodine. See {Dextrin}.
Erythrogen \E*ryth"ro*gen\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + -gen.]
(Chem.)
(a) Carbon disulphide; -- so called from certain red
compounds which it produces in combination with other
substances.
(b) A substance reddened by acids, which is supposed to be
contained in flowers.
(c) A crystalline substance obtained from diseased bile,
which becomes blood-red when acted on by nitric acid or
ammonia.
Erythrogranulose \E*ryth`ro*gran"u*lose\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red
+ E. granulose.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A term applied by Br["u]cke to a substance present in small
amount in starch granules, colored red by iodine.
Erythroid \Er"y*throid\, a. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + -oid: cf. Gr.
?.]
Of a red color; reddish; as, the erythroid tunic (the
cremaster muscle).
Erythroleic \Er`y*thro"le*ic\, a. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.)
Having a red color and oily appearance; -- applied to a
purple semifluid substance said to be obtained from archil.
Erythrolein \Er`y*thro"le*in\, n. [See {Erythroleic}.] (Chem.)
A red substance obtained from litmus.
Erythrolitmin \E*ryth`ro*lit"min\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + E.
litmus.] (Chem.)
Erythrolein.
Erythronium \Er`y*thro"ni*um\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? a kind of
plant, fr. 'eryqro`s red.] (Chem.)
A name originally given (from its red acid) to the metal
vanadium. [R.]
Erythrophleine \E*ryth`ro*phle"ine\ (?; 104), n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline alkaloid, extracted from sassy bark
({Erythrophleum Guineense}).
Erythrophyll \E*ryth"ro*phyll\, Erythrophyllin
\Er`y*throph"yl*lin\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + ? leaf.] (Physiol.
Bot.)
The red coloring matter of leaves, fruits, flowers, etc., in
distinction from chlorophyll.
Erythrosin \E*ryth"ro*sin\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red.] (Chem.)
(a) A red substance formed by the oxidation of tyrosin.
(b) A red dyestuff obtained from fluoresce["i]n by the action
of iodine.
Erythroxylon \Er`y*throx"y*lon\, n. [NL., from Gr. 'eryqro`s red
+ ? wood. So named from the red wood of some species.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs or small trees of the Flax family, growing
in tropical countries. {E. Coca} is the source of cocaine.
See {Coca}.
Erythrozyme \E*ryth"ro*zyme\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + ? leaven.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
A ferment extracted from madder root, possessing the power of
inducing alcoholic fermentation in solutions of sugar.
Escalade \Es`ca*lade"\, n. [F., Sp. escalada (cf. It. scalata),
fr. Sp. escalar to scale, LL. scalare, fr. L. scala ladder.
See {Scale}, v. t.] (Mil.)
A furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in
which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart.
Sin enters, not by escalade, but by cunning or
treachery. --Buckminster.
Escalade \Es`ca*lade"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Escaladed}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Escalading}.] (Mil.)
To mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; to scale; as,
to escalate a wall.
Escallop \Es*cal"lop\, n.
See {Escalop}.
Escalloped \Es*cal"loped\, a.
See {Escaloped}.
Escalop \Es*cal"op\ (?; 277), n. [OF. escalope shell, F.
escalope a sort of cut of meat. See {Scallop}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A bivalve shell of the genus {Pecten}. See
{Scallop}.
2. A regular, curving indenture in the margin of anything.
See {Scallop}. ``So many jags or escalops.'' --Ray.
3.
(a) The figure or shell of an escalop, considered as a
sign that the bearer had been on a pilgrimage to the
Holy Land. Hence:
(b) (Her.) A bearing or a charge consisting of an escalop
shell.
Escaloped \Es*cal"oped\, a.
1. Cut or marked in the form of an escalop; scalloped.
2. (Her.) Covered with a pattern resembling a series of
escalop shells, each of which issues from between two
others. Its appearance is that of a surface covered with
scales.
{Escaloped oysters} (Cookery). See under {Scalloped}.
Escambio \Es*cam"bi*o\, n. [LL. escambium, excambium. See
{Excamb}.] (Eng. Law)
A license formerly required for the making over a bill of
exchange to another over sea. --Cowell.
Escapable \Es*cap"a*ble\, a.
Avoidable.
Escapade \Es`ca*pade"\, n. [F., fr. Sp. escapada escape, fr.
escapar to escape; or F., fr. It. scappata escape, escapade,
fr. scappare to escape. see {Escape}.]
1. The fling of a horse, or ordinary kicking back of his
heels; a gambol.
2. Act by which one breaks loose from the rules of propriety
or good sense; a freak; a prank. --Carlyle.
Escape \Es*cape"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Escaped}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Escaping}.] [OE. escapen, eschapen, OF. escaper,
eschaper, F. echapper, fr. LL. ex cappa out of one's cape or
cloak; hence, to slip out of one's cape and escape. See 3d
{Cape}, and cf. {Scape}, v.]
1. To flee from and avoid; to be saved or exempt from; to
shun; to obtain security from; as, to escape danger.
``Sailors that escaped the wreck.'' --Shak.
2. To avoid the notice of; to pass unobserved by; to evade;
as, the fact escaped our attention.
They escaped the search of the enemy. --Ludlow.
Escape \Es*cape"\, v. i.
1. To flee, and become secure from danger; -- often followed
by from or out of.
Haste, for thy life escape, nor look behind??
--Keble.
2. To get clear from danger or evil of any form; to be passed
without harm.
Such heretics . . . would have been thought
fortunate, if they escaped with life. --Macaulay.
3. To get free from that which confines or holds; -- used of
persons or things; as, to escape from prison, from arrest,
or from slavery; gas escapes from the pipes; electricity
escapes from its conductors.
To escape out of these meshes. --Thackeray.
Escape \Es*cape"\, n.
1. The act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of
avoiding notice; deliverance from injury or any evil;
flight; as, an escape in battle; a narrow escape; also,
the means of escape; as, a fire escape.
I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. --Ps.
lv. 8.
2. That which escapes attention or restraint; a mistake; an
oversight; also, transgression. [Obs.]
I should have been more accurate, and corrected all
those former escapes. --Burton.
3. A sally. ``Thousand escapes of wit.'' --Shak.
4. (Law) The unlawful permission, by a jailer or other
custodian, of a prisoner's departure from custody.
Note: Escape is technically distinguishable from prison
breach, which is the unlawful departure of the prisoner
from custody, escape being the permission of the
departure by the custodian, either by connivance or
negligence. The term escape, however, is applied by
some of the old authorities to a departure from custody
by stratagem, or without force. --Wharton.
5. (Arch.) An apophyge.
6. Leakage or outflow, as of steam or a liquid.
7. (Elec.) Leakage or loss of currents from the conducting
wires, caused by defective insulation.
{Escape pipe} (Steam Boilers), a pipe for carrying away steam
that escapes through a safety valve.
{Escape valve} (Steam Engine), a relief valve; a safety
valve. See under {Relief}, and {Safety}.
{Escape wheel} (Horol.), the wheel of an escapement.
Escapement \Es*cape"ment\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]chappement. See
{Escape}.]
1. The act of escaping; escape. [R.]
2. Way of escape; vent. [R.]
An escapement for youthful high spirits. --G. Eliot.
3. The contrivance in a timepiece which connects the train of
wheel work with the pendulum or balance, giving to the
latter the impulse by which it is kept in vibration; -- so
called because it allows a tooth to escape from a pallet
at each vibration.
Note: Escapements are of several kinds, as the vertical, or
verge, or crown, escapement, formerly used in watches,
in which two pallets on the balance arbor engage with a
crown wheel; the anchor escapement, in which an
anchor-shaped piece carries the pallets; -- used in
common clocks (both are called recoil escapements, from
the recoil of the escape wheel at each vibration); the
cylinder escapement, having an open-sided hollow
cylinder on the balance arbor to control the escape
wheel; the duplex escapement, having two sets of teeth
on the wheel; the lever escapement, which is a kind of
detached escapement, because the pallets are on a lever
so arranged that the balance which vibrates it is
detached during the greater part of its vibration and
thus swings more freely; the detent escapement, used in
chronometers; the remontoir escapement, in which the
escape wheel is driven by an independent spring or
weight wound up at intervals by the clock train, --
sometimes used in astronomical clocks. When the shape
of an escape-wheel tooth is such that it falls dead on
the pallet without recoil, it forms a deadbeat
escapement.
Escaper \Es*cap"er\, n.
One who escapes.
Escarbuncle \Es*car"bun*cle\, n. [OF. escarbuncle, F.
escaboucle.] (Her.)
See {Carbuncle}, 3.
Escargatoire \Es*car`ga*toire"\, n. [F. escargoti[`e]re, fr.
escargot snail.]
A nursery of snails. [Obs.] --Addison.
Escarp \Es*carp"\, n. [F. escarpe (cf. Sp. escarpa, It. scarpa),
fr. escarper to cut steep, cut to a slope, prob. of German
origin: cf. G. scharf sharp,, E. sharp, or perh. scrape.]
(Fort.)
The side of the ditch next the parapet; -- same as {scarp},
and opposed to {counterscarp}.
Escarp \Es*carp"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Escarped}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Escarping}.] (Mil.)
To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope, like that of a
scrap. --Carleton.
Escarpment \Es*carp"ment\, n. [Cf. F. escarpement.]
A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge;
ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to
prevent hostile approach. See {Scarp}.
-escent \-es"cent\ [From the ending -escens, -entis, of the p.
pr. of inchoative verbs in Latin.]
A suffix signifying beginning, beginning to be; as,
adolescent, effervescent, etc.
Eschalot \Esch`a*lot"\, n. (Bot.)
See {Shallot}.
Eschar \Es"char\, n. [L. eschara, Gr. ?: cf. F. eschare. See
{Scar}.] (Med.)
A dry slough, crust, or scab, which separates from the
healthy part of the body, as that produced by a burn, or the
application of caustics.
Eschar \Es"char\, n. [Ir.] (Geol.)
In Ireland, one of the continuous mounds or ridges of
gravelly and sandy drift which extend for many miles over the
surface of the country. Similar ridges in Scotland are called
kames or kams. [Written also {eskar} and {esker}.]
Eschara \Es"cha*ra\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a grate, a pan of
coals.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of Bryozoa which produce delicate corals, often
incrusting like lichens, but sometimes branched.
Escharine \Es"cha*rine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Like, or pertaining to, the genus Eschara, or family
{Escharid[ae]}.
Escharotic \Es`cha*rot"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? an eschar: cf. F.
escharotique.] (Med.)
Serving or tending to form an eschar; producing a scar;
caustic.
Escharotic \Es`cha*rot"ic\, n. (Med.)
A substance which produces an eschar; a caustic, esp., a mild
caustic.
Eschatological \Es`cha*to*log"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to the last or final things.
Eschatology \Es`cha*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? the furthest, last +
-logy.]
The doctrine of the last or final things, as death, judgment,
and the events therewith connected.
Eschaunge \Es*chaunge"\, n.
Exchange. [Obs.]
Escheat \Es*cheat"\, n. [OE. eschete, escheyte, an escheat, fr.
OF. escheit, escheoit, escheeite, esheoite, fr. escheoir (F.
['e]choir) to fall to, fall to the lot of; pref. es- (L. ex)
+ cheoir, F. choir, to fall, fr. L. cadere. See {Chance}, and
cf. {Cheat}.]
1. (Law)
(a) (Feud. & Eng. Law) The falling back or reversion of
lands, by some casualty or accident, to the lord of
the fee, in consequence of the extinction of the blood
of the tenant, which may happen by his dying without
heirs, and formerly might happen by corruption of
blood, that is, by reason of a felony or attainder.
--Tomlins. --Blackstone.
(b) (U. S. Law) The reverting of real property to the
State, as original and ultimate proprietor, by reason
of a failure of persons legally entitled to hold the
same.
Note: A distinction is carefully made, by English writers,
between escheat to the lord of the fee and forfeiture
to the crown. But in this country, where the State
holds the place of chief lord of the fee, and is
entitled to take alike escheat and by forfeiture, this
distinction is not essential. --Tomlins. Kent.
(c) A writ, now abolished, to recover escheats from the
person in possession. --Blackstone.
2. Lands which fall to the lord or the State by escheat.
3. That which falls to one; a reversion or return
To make me great by others' loss is bad escheat.
--Spenser.
Escheat \Es*cheat"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Esheated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Escheating}.] (Law)
To revert, or become forfeited, to the lord, the crown, or
the State, as lands by the failure of persons entitled to
hold the same, or by forfeiture.
Note: In this country it is the general rule that when the
title to land fails by defect of heirs or devisees, it
necessarily escheats to the State; but forfeiture of
estate from crime is hardly known in this country, and
corruption of blood is universally abolished. --Kent.
--Bouvier.
Escheat \Es*cheat"\, v. t. (Law)
To forfeit. --Bp. Hall.
Escheatable \Es*cheat"a*ble\, a.
Liable to escheat.
Escheatage \Es*cheat"age\ (?; 48), n.
The right of succeeding to an escheat. --Sherwood.
Escheator \Es*cheat"or\, n. (Law)
An officer whose duty it is to observe what escheats have
taken place, and to take charge of them. --Burrill.
Eschevin \Es"che*vin\, n. [OF. eschevin, a sort of magistrate,
alderman, F. ['e]chevin.]
The alderman or chief officer of an ancient guild. [Obs.]
Eschew \Es*chew"\ (es*ch[udd]"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eshewed}
(-ch[udd]"d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Eshewing}.] [OF. eschever,
eschiver, eskiver, F. esquiver, fr. OHG. sciuhen, G. scheuen;
akin to E. sky. See {Shy}, a.]
1. To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling
of distaste; to keep one's self clear of.
They must not only eschew evil, but do good. --Bp.
Beveridge.
2. To escape from; to avoid. [Obs.]
He who obeys, destruction shall eschew. --Sandys.
Eschewer \Es*chew"er\, n.
One who eschews.
Eschewment \Es*chew"ment\, n.
The act of eschewing. [R.]
Eschscholtzia \Esch*scholtz"i*a\, n. [NL. Named after Dr.
Eschscholtz, a German botanist.] (Bot.)
A genus of papaveraceous plants, found in California and upon
the west coast of North America, some species of which
produce beautiful yellow, orange, rose-colored, or white
flowers; the California poppy.
Eschynite \Es"chy*nite\, n. [Gr. ? shame.] (Min.)
A rare mineral, containing chiefly niobium, titanium,
thorium, and cerium. It was so called by Berzelius on account
of the inability of chemical science, at the time of its
discovery, to separate some of its constituents.
Escocheon \Es*coch"eon\, n.
Escutcheon. [Obs.]
Escopet \Es`co*pet"\, Escopette \Es`co*pette"\, n. [Sp.
escopeta, F. escopette.]
A kind of firearm; a carbine.
Escorial \Es*co"ri*al\, n. [Sp.]
See {Escurial}.
Escort \Es"cort\, n. [F. escorte, It. scorta a guard or guide,
fr. scorgere to perceive, discern, lead, fr. L. ex out, quite
+ corrigere to correct, set right. See {Correct}.]
1. A body of armed men to attend a person of distinction for
the sake of affording safety when on a journey; one who
conducts some one as an attendant; a guard, as of
prisoners on a march; also, a body of persons, attending
as a mark of respect or honor; -- applied to movements on
land, as convoy is to movements at sea.
The troops of my escort marched at the ordinary
rate. --Burke.
2. Protection, care, or safeguard on a journey or excursion;
as, to travel under the escort of a friend.
Escort \Es*cort"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Escorted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Escorting}.] [Cf. F. escorter, It. scortare. See
{Escort}, n.]
To attend with a view to guard and protect; to accompany as
safeguard; to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to; --
used esp. with reference to journeys or excursions on land;
as, to escort a public functionary, or a lady; to escort a
baggage wagon.
Syn: To accompany; attend. See {Accompany}.
Escot \Es*cot"\, n. [OF.]
See {Scot}, a tax. [Obs.]
Escot \Es*cot"\, v. t.
To pay the reckoning for; to support; to maintain. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Escouade \Es`couade"\, n.
See {Squad},
Escout \Es*cout"\, n.
See {Scout}. [Obs.] --Hayward.
Escribed \Es*cribed"\, a. [L. e out, out of + scribere to
write.]
Drawn outside of; -- used to designate a circle that touches
one of the sides of a given triangle, and also the other two
sides produced.
Escript \Es"cript\, n. [OF.]
A writing. [Obs.]
Escritoire \Es`cri*toire"\, n. [OF. escritoire, F. ['e]critoire,
LL. scriptorium, fr. L. scriptorius belonging to writing, fr.
sribere to write. See {Script}, and cf. {Scrutoire}.]
A piece of furniture used as a writing table, commonly with
drawers, pigeonholes, and the like; a secretary or writing
desk.
Escritorial \Es`cri*to"ri*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to an escritoire.
Escrod \Es*crod"\, n.
See {Scrod}, a young cod.
Escrol \Es*crol"\, Escroll \Es*croll"\, n. [See {Escrow},
{Scroll}.]
1. A scroll. [Obs.]
2. (Her.)
(a) A long strip or scroll resembling a ribbon or a band
of parchment, or the like, anciently placed above the
shield, and supporting the crest.
(b) In modern heraldry, a similar ribbon on which the
motto is inscribed.
Escrow \Es"crow\, n. [OF. escroe, escroue, a roll of writings,
bond. See {Scroll}.] (Law)
A deed, bond, or other written engagement, delivered to a
third person, to be held by him till some act is done or some
condition is performed, and then to be by him delivered to
the grantee. --Blackstone.
Escuage \Es"cu*age\ (?; 48), n. [OF. escuage, F. ['e]cuage, from
OF. escu shield, F. ['e]cu. See {Esquire}.] (Feud. Law)
Service of the shield, a species of knight service by which a
tenant was bound to follow his lord to war, at his own
charge. It was afterward exchanged for a pecuniary
satisfaction. Called also {scutage}. --Blackstone.
Esculapian \Es`cu*la"pi*an\, n.
[AE]sculapian.
Esculapius \Es`cu*la"pi*us\, n.
Same as {[AE]sculapius}.
Esculent \Es"cu*lent\, a. [L. esculentus, fr. escare to eat, fr.
esca food, fr. edere to eat: cf. F. esculent. See {Eat}.]
Suitable to be used by man for food; eatable; edible; as,
esculent plants; esculent fish.
Esculent grain for food. --Sir W.
Jones.
{Esculent swallow} (Zo["o]l.), the swallow which makes the
edible bird's-nest. See {Edible bird's-nest}, under
{Edible}.
Esculent \Es"cu*lent\, n.
Anything that is fit for eating; that which may be safely
eaten by man.
Esculic \Es*cu"lic\, a. [From NL. Aesculus, the generic name of
the horse-chestnut, fr. L. aesculus a kind of oak.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, the horse-chestnut; as,
esculic acid.
Esculin \Es*cu"lin\, n. [See {Esculic}.] (Chem.)
A glucoside obtained from the {[AE]sculus hippocastanum}, or
horse-chestnut, and characterized by its fine blue
fluorescent solutions. [Written also {[ae]sculin}.]
Escurial \Es*cu"ri*al\, n. [Prop. Sp. escorial, i. e., a hill or
heap of rubbish, earth, and stones brought out of a mine, fr.
escoria dross of metal, L. scoria, fr. Gr. ?. Cf. {Scoria}.]
A palace and mausoleum of the kinds of Spain, being a vast
and wonderful structure about twenty-five miles northwest of
Madrid.
Note: The ground plan is said to be in the form of a
gridiron, the structure being designed in honor of St.
Lawrence, who suffered martyrdom by being broiled on
gridiron; but the resemblance is very slight. It is
nearly square, inclosing several courts, and has a
projecting mass which stands for the handle.
Escutcheon \Es*cutch"eon\, n. [OF. escusson, F. ['e]cusson, from
OF. escu shield, F. ['e]cu. See {Esquire}, {Scutcheon}.]
1. (Her.) The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings
are marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon
is called the field, the upper part is called the chief,
and the lower part the base (see {Chiff}, and {Field}.).
That side of the escutcheon which is on the right hand of
the knight who bears the shield on his arm is called
dexter, and the other side sinister.
Note: The two sides of an escutcheon are respectively
designated as dexter and sinister, as in the cut, and
the different parts or points by the following names:
A, Dexter chief point; B, Middle chief point; C,
Sinister chief point; D, Honor or color point; E, Fesse
or heart point; F, Nombrill or navel point; G, Dexter
base point; H, Middle base point; I, base point.
2. A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space
above it (the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward
or outward instead of downward. It is esteemed an index of
milking qualities. --C. L. Flint.
3. (Naut.) That part of a vessel's stern on which her name is
written. --R. H. Dane, Jr.
4. (Carp.) A thin metal plate or shield to protect wood, or
for ornament, as the shield around a keyhole.
5. (Zo["o]l.) The depression behind the beak of certain
bivalves; the ligamental area.
{Escutcheon of pretense}, an escutcheon used in English
heraldry to display the arms of the bearer's wife; -- not
commonly used unless she an heiress. Cf. {Impalement}.
Escutcheoned \Es*cutch"eoned\, a.
Having an escutcheon; furnished with a coat of arms or
ensign. --Young.
Ese \Ese\, n.
Ease; pleasure. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Esemplastic \Es`em*plas"tic\, a. [Gr. 'es into, to + "en one +
plastiko`s molded, formed. See {Plastic}.]
Shaped into one; tending to, or formative into, unity. [R.]
--Coleridge.
Eserine \Es"er*ine\ (?; 104), n. [From native name of the
Calabar bean: cf. F. ['e]s['e]rine.] (Chem.)
An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean, and the seed of
{Physostigma venenosum}; physostigmine. It is used in
ophthalmic surgery for its effect in contracting the pupil.
Esexual \E*sex"u*al\, a. [Pref. e- + sexual.] (Biol.)
Sexless; asexual.
Esguard \Es*guard"\, n. [Cf. OF. esgart regard, F. ['e]gard. See
{Guard}.]
Guard. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Eskar \Es"kar\, or Esker \Es"ker\, n. (Geol.)
See {Eschar}.
Eskimo \Es"ki*mo\, n.; pl. {Eskimos}. [Originally applied by the
Algonquins to the Northern Indians, and meaning eaters of raw
flesh.] (Ethnol.)
One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and
Greenland. In many respects the Eskimos resemble the
Mongolian race. [Written also {Esquimau}.]
{Eskimo dog} (Zo["o]l.), one of a breed of large and powerful
dogs used by the Eskimos to draw sledges. It closely
resembles the gray wolf, with which it is often crossed.
Eskimo dog
Esloin \Es*loin"\, v. t. [See {Eloign}.]
To remove; to banish; to withdraw; to avoid; to eloign.
[Obs.]
From worldly cares he did himself esloin. --Spenser.
Esnecy \Es"ne*cy\, n. [See {Eigne}.] (Eng. Law)
A prerogative given to the eldest coparcener to choose first
after an inheritance is divided. --Mozley & W.
Esodic \E*sod"ic\, a. [Gr. ? within + ? way.] (Physiol.)
Conveying impressions from the surface of the body to the
spinal cord; -- said of certain nerves. Opposed to {exodic}.
Esophagal \E*soph"a*gal\, a. (Anat.)
Esophageal.
Esophageal \E`so*phag"e*al\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the esophagus. [Written also {[oe]sophageal}.]
Esophagean \E`so*phag"e*an\, a. (Anat.)
Esophageal.
Esophagotomy \E*soph`a*got"o*my\, n. [Gr. o'isofa`gos the
esophagus + te`mnein to cut.] (Surg.)
The operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for
the purpose of removing any foreign substance that obstructs
the passage. [Written also {[oe]sophagotomy}.]
Esophagus \E*soph"a*gus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. o'isofa`gos; root of
o'i`sw which is used as future of fe`rein to bear, carry (cf.
Skr. v[=i] to go, drive) + fagei^n to eat.] (Anat.)
That part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the
stomach; the gullet. See Illust. of {Digestive apparatus},
under {Digestive}. [Written also {[oe]sophagus}.]
Esopian \E*so"pi*an\, Esopic \E*so"pic\, a.
Same as {[AE]sopian}, {[AE]sopic}.
Esoteric \Es`o*ter"ic\ ([e^]s`[-o]*t[e^]"[i^]k), a. [Gr.
'eswteriko`s, fr. 'esw`teros inner, interior, comp. fr. 'e`sw
in, within, fr. 'es, e'is, into, fr. 'en in. See {In}.]
Designed for, and understood by, the specially initiated
alone; not communicated, or not intelligible, to the general
body of followers; private; interior; acroamatic; -- said of
the private and more recondite instructions and doctrines of
philosophers. Opposed to exoteric.
Enough if every age produce two or three critics of
this esoteric class, with here and there a reader to
understand them. --De Quincey.
Esoterical \Es`o*ter"ic*al\, a.
Esoteric.
Esoterically \Es`o*ter"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In an esoteric manner.
Esotericism \Es`o*ter"i*cism\, n.
Esoteric doctrine or principles.
Esoterics \Es`o*ter"ics\, n.
Mysterious or hidden doctrines; secret science.
Esotery \Es"o*ter*y\, n.
Mystery; esoterics; -- opposed to exotery. --A. Tucker.
Esox \E"sox\, n. [L., a kind of pike.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of fresh-water fishes, including pike and pickerel.
Espace \Es*pace"\, n.
Space. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Espadon \Es"pa*don\, n. [F. espadon, fr. Sp. espadon, fr. espada
sword; or fr. It. spadone an espadon, spada sword.]
A long, heavy, two-handed and two-edged sword, formerly used
by Spanish foot soldiers and by executioners. --Wilhelm.
Espalier \Es*pal"ier\, n. [F. espalier, fr. It. spalliera, fr.
spalla shoulder, the same word as F. ['e]paule. See
{Epaulet}.] (Hort.)
A railing or trellis upon which fruit trees or shrubs are
trained, as upon a wall; a tree or row of trees so trained.
And figs from standard and espalier join. --Pope.
Espalier \Es*pal"ier\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Espaliered}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Espaliering}.]
To form an espalier of, or to protect by an espalier.
Esparcet \Es*par"cet\, n. [F. esparcet, esparcette, ['e]parcet,
fr. Sp. esparceta, esparcilla.] (Bot.)
The common sainfoin ({Onobrychis sativa}), an Old World
leguminous forage plant.
Esparto \Es*par"to\, n. [Sp.; cf. L. spartum Spanish broom, Gr.
?.] (Bot.)
A species of Spanish grass ({Macrochloa tenacissima}), of
which cordage, shoes, baskets, etc., are made. It is also
used for making paper.
Espauliere \Es`pau`liere"\, n. [OF. & F. ['e]pauli[`e]re. See
{Espalier}.]
A defense for the shoulder, composed of flexible overlapping
plates of metal, used in the 15th century; -- the origin of
the modern epaulette. --Fairholt.
Especial \Es*pe"cial\, a. [OF. especial, F. sp['e]cial, L.
specialis, fr. species a particular sort, kind, or quality.
See {Species}, and cf. {Special}.]
Distinguished among others of the same class or kind;
special; concerning a species or a single object; principal;
particular; as, in an especial manner or degree.
Syn: Peculiar; special; particular; uncommon; chief. See
{Peculiar}.
Especially \Es*pe"cial*ly\, adv.
In an especial manner; chiefly; particularly; peculiarly; in
an uncommon degree.
Especialness \Es*pe"cial*ness\, n.
The state of being especial.
Esperance \Es"pe*rance\, n. [F. esp['e]rance, fr. L. sperans, p.
pr. of sperare to hope.]
Hope. [Obs.] --Shak.
Espiaille \Es`pi*aille"\, n.
Espial. [Obs.]
Espial \Es*pi"al\, n. [OE. & Norm. F. espiaille. See {Espy}.]
1. The act of espying; notice; discovery.
Screened from espial by the jutting cape. --Byron.
2. One who espies; a spy; a scout. [Obs.] ``Their espials . .
. brought word.'' --Holland.
Espier \Es*pi"er\, n.
One who espies. --Harmar.
Espinel \Es"pi*nel\, n.
A kind of ruby. See {Spinel}.
Espionage \Es"pi*o*nage\ (?; 277), n. [F. espionnage, fr.
espionner to spy, fr. espion spy, OF. espie. See {Espy}.]
The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching
the words and conduct of others, to make discoveries, as
spies or secret emissaries; secret watching.
Esplanade \Es`pla*nade"\, n. [F. esplanade, Sp. esplanada,
explanada, cf. It. spianata; fr. Sp. explanar to level, L.
explanare to flatten or spread out. See {Explain}.]
1. (Fort.)
(a) A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses
of the town. --Campbell (Mil. Dict. ).
(b) The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the
parapet of the covered way toward the country.
2. (Hort.) A grass plat; a lawn. --Simmonds.
3. Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives;
esp., a terrace by the seaside.
Esplees \Es*plees"\, n. pl. [LL. expletia, OF. espleit. Cf.
{Exploit}.] (Old Eng. Law)
The full profits or products which ground or land yields, as
the hay of the meadows, the feed of the pasture, the grain of
arable fields, the rents, services, and the like. --Cowell.
Espousage \Es*pous"age\, n.
Espousal. [Obs.] --Latimer.
Espousal \Es*pous"al\, n. [OF. espousailles, pl., F.
['e]pousailles, L. sponsalia, fr. sponsalis belonging to
betrothal or espousal. See {Espouse}, and cf. {Sponsal},
{Spousal}.]
1. The act of espousing or betrothing; especially, in the
plural, betrothal; plighting of the troths; a contract of
marriage; sometimes, the marriage ceremony.
2. The uniting or allying one's self with anything;
maintenance; adoption; as, the espousal of a quarrel.
The open espousal of his cause. --Lord Orford.
Espouse \Es*pouse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Espoused}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Espousing}.] [OF. espouser, esposer, F. ['e]pouser,
L. sponsare to betroth, espouse, fr. sponsus betrothed, p. p.
of spondere to promise solemnly or sacredly. Cf. {Spouse}.]
1. To betroth; to promise in marriage; to give as spouse.
A virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph.
--Luke i. 27.
2. To take as spouse; to take to wife; to marry.
Lavinia will I make my empress, . . . And in the
sacred Pantheon her espouse. --Shak.
3. To take to one's self with a view to maintain; to make
one's own; to take up the cause of; to adopt; to embrace.
``He espoused that quarrel.'' --Bacon.
Promised faithfully to espouse his cause as soon as
he got out of the war. --Bp. Burnet.
Espousement \Es*pouse"ment\, n. [Cf. OF. espousement.]
The act of espousing, or the state of being espoused.
Espouser \Es*pous"er\, n.
One who espouses; one who embraces the cause of another or
makes it his own.
Espressivo \Es`pres*si"vo\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
With expression.
Espringal \Es*prin"gal\, n. [See {Springal}.] (Mil. Antiq.)
An engine of war used for throwing viretons, large stones,
and other missiles; a springal.
Esprit \Es`prit"\, n. [F. See {Spirit}.]
Spirit.
{Esprit de corps}, a French phrase much used by English
writers to denote the common spirit pervading the members
of a body or association of persons. It implies sympathy,
enthusiasm, devotion, and jealous regard for the honor of
the body as a whole.
Espy \Es*py"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Espied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Espying}.] [OF. espier, F. ['e]pier, from OHG. speh?n to
watch, spy, G. sp["a]hen; akin to L. specere to look, species
sight, shape, appearance, kind. See {Spice}, {Spy}, and cf.
{Espionage}.]
1. To catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; to discover,
as a distant object partly concealed, or not obvious to
notice; to see at a glance; to discern unexpectedly; to
spy; as, to espy land; to espy a man in a crowd.
As one of them opened his sack to give his ass
provender in the inn, . . . he espied his money.
--Gen. xlii.
27.
A goodly vessel did I then espy Come like a giant
from a haven broad. --Wordsworth.
2. To inspect narrowly; to examine and keep watch upon; to
watch; to observe.
He sends angels to espy us in all our ways. --Jer.
Taylor.
Syn: To discern; discover; detect; descry; spy.
Espy \Es*py"\, v. i.
To look or search narrowly; to look about; to watch; to take
notice; to spy.
Stand by the way, and espy. --Jer. xlviii.
19.
Espy \Es*py"\, n.; pl. {Espies}. [OF. espie. See {Espy}, v.,
{Spy}.]
A spy; a scout. [Obs.] --Huloet.
-esque \-esque\ [F., fr. It. -isco. Cf. {-ish}.]
A suffix of certain words from the French, Italian, and
Spanish. It denotes manner or style; like; as, arabesque,
after the manner of the Arabs.
Esquimau \Es"qui*mau\, n.; pl. {Esquimaux}. [F.]
Same as {Eskimo}.
It is . . . an error to suppose that where an Esquimau
can live, a civilized man can live also. --McClintock.
Esquire \Es*quire"\, n. [OF. escuyer, escuier, properly, a
shield-bearer, F. ['e]cuyer shield-bearer, armor-bearer,
squire of a knight, esquire, equerry, rider, horseman, LL.
scutarius shield-bearer, fr. L. scutum shield, akin to Gr. ?
skin, hide, from a root meaning to cover; prob. akin to E.
hide to cover. See {Hide} to cover, and cf. {Equerry},
{Escutcheon}.]
Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on
a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree
below knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and
courtesy; -- often shortened to squire.
Note: In England, the title of esquire belongs by right of
birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest
sons in perpetual succession; to the eldest sons of
younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in
perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to
justices of the peace while in commission, to those who
bear special office in the royal household, to
counselors at law, bachelors of divinity, law, or
physic, and to others. In the United States the title
is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices
of the peace, and is often used in the superscription
of letters instead of Mr.
Esquire \Es*quire"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Esquired}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Esquiring}.]
To wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend.
[Colloq.]
Esquisse \Es`quisse"\, n. [F. See {Sketch}.] (Fine Arts)
The first sketch of a picture or model of a statue.
-ess \-ess\ [OF. -esse, LL. -issa, Gr. ?.]
A suffix used to form feminine nouns; as, actress, deaconess,
songstress.
Essay \Es"say\, n.; pl. {Essays}. [F. essai, fr. L. exagium a
weighing, weight, balance; ex out + agere to drive, do; cf.
examen, exagmen, a means of weighing, a weighing, the tongue
of a balance, exigere to drive out, examine, weigh, Gr.
'exa`gion a weight, 'exagia`zein to examine, 'exa`gein to
drive out, export. See {Agent}, and cf. {Exact}, {Examine},
{Assay}.]
1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the
performance of anything; a trial; attempt; as, to make an
essay to benefit a friend. ``The essay at organization.''
--M. Arnold.
2. (Lit.) A composition treating of any particular subject;
-- usually shorter and less methodical than a formal,
finished treatise; as, an essay on the life and writings
of Homer; an essay on fossils, or on commerce.
3. An assay. See {Assay}, n. [Obs.]
Syn: Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise;
dissertation; disquisition.
Essay \Es*say"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Essayed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Essaying}.] [F. essayer. See {Essay}, n.]
1. To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort
to perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or
trial of; to try.
What marvel if I thus essay to sing? --Byron.
Essaying nothing she can not perform. --Emerson.
A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should
essay the impossible. --J. C.
Shairp.
2. To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See
{Assay}. [Obs.] --Locke.
Essayer \Es*say"er\, n.
One who essays. --Addison.
Essayist \Es"say*ist\ (?; 277), n.
A writer of an essay, or of essays. --B. Jonson.
Essence \Es"sence\, n. [F. essence, L. essentia, formed as if
fr. a p. pr. of esse to be. See {Is}, and cf. {Entity}.]
1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a
complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it;
sometimes called the nominal essence.
2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any
object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for
being what they are (distinguished as real essence); the
real being, divested of all logical accidents; that
quality which constitutes or marks the true nature of
anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality
of a thing, separated from its grosser parts.
The laws are at present, both in form and essence,
the greatest curse that society labors under.
--Landor.
Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the essence
of this virtue [charity]. --Addison.
The essence of Addison's humor is irony.
--Courthope.
3. Constituent substance.
And uncompounded is their essence pure. --Milton.
4. A being; esp., a purely spiritual being.
As far as gods and heavenly essences Can perish.
--Milton.
He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on
spiritual essences, until . . . he had and ideal
world of his own around him. --W. Irving.
5. The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug,
extracted and refined from grosser matter; or, more
strictly, the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or
essential oil; as, the essence of mint, and the like.
The . . . word essence . . . scarcely underwent a
more complete transformation when from being the
abstract of the verb ``to be,'' it came to denote
something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a
glass bottle. --J. S. Mill.
6. Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting
perfume.
Nor let the essences exhale. --Pope.
Essence \Es"sence\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Essenced}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Essencing}.]
To perfume; to scent. ``Essenced fops.'' --Addison.
Essene \Es*sene"\, n.; pl. {Essenes}. [Gr. ?, lit., physicians,
because they practiced medicine, fr. Chald [=a]say[=a] to
heal, cf. Heb. as[=a].]
One of a sect among the Jews in the time of our Savior,
remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.
Essenism \Es"se*nism\, n.
The doctrine or the practices of the Essenes. --De Quincey.
Essential \Es*sen"tial\, a. [Cf. F. essentiel. See {Essence}.]
1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object,
or class of objects, what it is.
Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was
forever in it an essential character of
plaintiveness. --Hawthorne.
2. Hence, really existing; existent.
Is it true, that thou art but a a name, And no
essential thing? --Webster
(1623).
3. Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the
attainment of an object; indispensably necessary.
Judgment's more essential to a general Than courage.
--Denham.
How to live? -- that is the essential question for
us. --H. Spencer.
4. Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a
substance, as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence,
unmixed; as, an essential oil. ``Mine own essential
horror.'' --Ford.
5. (Mus.) Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones
which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental
or passing tones.
6. (Med.) Idiopathic; independent of other diseases.
{Essential character} (Biol.), the prominent characteristics
which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from
another.
{Essential disease}, {Essential fever} (Med.), one that is
not dependent on another.
{Essential oils} (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted
from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its
characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used
in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties
of compounds; as {lemon oil} is a terpene, {oil of bitter
almonds} an aldehyde, {oil of wintergreen} an ethereal
salt, etc.; -- called also {volatile oils} in distinction
from the fixed or nonvolatile.
Esential \E*sen"tial\, n.
1. Existence; being. [Obs.] --Milton.
2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle;
as, the essentials or religion.
Essentiality \Es*sen`ti*al"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being essential; the essential part. --Jer.
Taylor.
Esentially \E*sen"tial*ly\, adv.
In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree;
really; as, essentially different.
Esentialness \E*sen"tial*ness\, n.
Essentiality. --Ld. Digby.
Essentiate \Es*sen"ti*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Essentiated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Essentiating}.]
To form or constitute the essence or being of. [Obs.]
--Boyle.
Essentiate \Es*sen"ti*ate\, v. i.
To become assimilated; to be changed into the essence. [Obs.]
--B. Jonson.
Essoin \Es*soin"\or Essoign \Es*soign\, n. [OF. essoine,
essoigne, F. exoine, L. essonia, exonia; pref. ex- (L. ex
from) + sunnis, sunnia, sonia, hindrance, excuse. Cf. Icel.
syn refusal, synja to deny, refuse, Goth. sunja truth,
sunj[=o]n to justify, OS. sunnea impediment, OHG. sunna.]
1. (Eng. Law) An excuse for not appearing in court at the
return of process; the allegation of an excuse to the
court.
2. Excuse; exemption. [Obs.]
From every work he challenged essoin. --Spenser.
{Essoin day} (Eng. Law), the first general return day of the
term, on which the court sits to receive essoins.
--Blackstone.
Essoin \Es*soin"\, v. t. [OF. essoinier, essoignier, essonier,
LL. essoniare, exoniare. See {Essoin}, n.] (Eng. Law)
To excuse for nonappearance in court. ``I 'll not essoin
thee.'' --Quarles.
Essoiner \Es*soin"er\, n. (Eng. Law)
An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.
Essonite \Es"so*nite\, n. [Named from Gr. ? inferior, because
not so hard as some minerals it resembles, e. g., hyacinth.]
(Min.)
Cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet. See {Garnet}.
Essorant \Es"so*rant\, a. [F.] (Her.)
Standing, but with the wings spread, as if about to fly; --
said of a bird borne as a charge on an escutcheon.
Est \Est\, n. & adv.
East. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
-est \-est\ [AS. -ost, -est; akin to G. -est, -ist, Icel. -astr,
-str, Goth. -ists, -?sts, Skr. -ish?ha.]
A suffix used to form the superlative of adjectives and
adverbs; as, smoothest; earl(y)iest.
Establish \Es*tab"lish\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Established}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Establishing}.] [OE. establissen, OF. establir,
F. ['e]tablir, fr. L. stabilire, fr. stabilis firm, steady,
stable. See {Stable}, a., {-ish}, and cf. {Stablish}.]
1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set
(a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle;
to confirm.
So were the churches established in the faith.
--Acts xvi. 5.
The best established tempers can scarcely forbear
being borne down. --Burke.
Confidence which must precede union could be
established only by consummate prudence and
self-control. --Bancroft.
2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers,
laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain.
By the consent of all, we were established The
people's magistrates. --Shak.
Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the
writing, that it be not changed. --Dan. vi. 8.
3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to
found; to institute; to create and regulate; -- said of a
colony, a state, or other institutions.
He hath established it [the earth], he created it
not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited. --Is.
xlv. 18.
Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and
establisheth a city by iniquity! --Hab. ii. 12.
4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and
cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact,
usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc.
At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of
three witnesses, shall the matter be established.
--Deut. xix.
15.
5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed
condition; -- used reflexively; as, he established himself
in a place; the enemy established themselves in the
citadel.
Establisher \Es*tab"lish*er\, n.
One who establishes.
Establishment \Es*tab"lish*ment\, n. [Cf. OF. establissement, F.
['e]tablissement.]
1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining;
settlement; confirmation.
2. The state of being established, founded, and the like;
fixed state.
3. That which is established; as:
(a) A form of government, civil or ecclesiastical;
especially, a system of religion maintained by the
civil power; as, the Episcopal establishment of
England.
(b) A permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or
organization.
(c) The place in which one is permanently fixed for
residence or business; residence, including grounds,
furniture, equipage, etc.; with which one is fitted
out; also, any office or place of business, with its
fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a
business; as, to keep up a large establishment; a
manufacturing establishment.
Exposing the shabby parts of the establishment.
--W. Irving.
{Establishment of the port} (Hydrography), a datum on which
the tides are computed at the given port, obtained by
observation, viz., the interval between the moon's passage
over the meridian and the time of high water at the port,
on the days of new and full moon.
Establishmentarian \Es*tab`lish*men*ta"ri*an\, n.
One who regards the Church primarily as an establishment
formed by the State, and overlooks its intrinsic spiritual
character. --Shipley.
Estacade \Es`ta*cade"\, n. [F.; cf. It. steccata, Sp. estacada.
Cf. {Stake}.] (Mil.)
A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the
approach of an enemy.
Estafet \Es`ta*fet"\, Estafette \Es`ta*fette"\, n. [F.
estafette, cf. Sp. estafeta; fr. It. stafetta, fr. staffa
stirrup, fr. OHG. stapho footstep, footprint, G. stapfe; akin
to E. step.]
A courier who conveys messages to another courier; a military
courier sent from one part of an army to another.
Estancia \Es*tan"ci*a\, n. [Sp. See {Stanza}.]
A grazing; a country house. [Spanish America]
Estate \Es*tate"\, n. [OF. estat, F. ['e]tat, L. status, fr.
stare to stand. See {Stand}, and cf. {State}.]
1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition
or circumstances of life or of any person; situation.
``When I came to man's estate.'' --Shak.
Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low
estate. --Romans xii.
16.
2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity.
God hath imprinted his authority in several parts,
upon several estates of men. --Jer. Taylor.
3. A person of high rank. [Obs.]
She's a duchess, a great estate. --Latimer.
Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords,
high captains, and chief estates of Galilee. --Mark
vi. 21.
4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune;
possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all
kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death.
See what a vast estate he left his son. --Dryden.
5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth;
the general interest; state affairs. [Obs.]
I call matters of estate not only the parts of
sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth
manifestly any great portion of people. --Bacon.
6. pl. The great classes or orders of a community or state
(as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of
England) or their representatives who administer the
government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which
are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3)
the commons.
7. (Law) The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's
interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as,
an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. --Abbott.
{The fourth estate}, a name often given to the public press.
Estate \Es*tate"\, v. t.
1. To establish. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] --Shak.
3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic]
Then would I . . . Estate them with large land and
territory. --Tennyson.
Estatlich \Es*tat"lich\, Estatly \Es"tat*ly\, a. [OE.]
Stately; dignified. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Esteem \Es*teem"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Esteemed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Esteeming}.] [F. estimer, L. aestimare, aestumare, to
value, estimate; perh. akin to Skr. ish to seek, strive, and
E. ask. Cf. {Aim}, {Estimate}.]
1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to
estimate; to value; to reckon.
Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly
esteemed the Rock of his salvation. --Deut. xxxii.
15.
Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and
authority to be of the more weighty credence. --Bp.
Gardiner.
Famous men, -- whose scientific attainments were
esteemed hardly less than supernatural. --Hawthorne.
2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with
reverence, respect, or friendship.
Will he esteem thy riches? --Job xxxvi.
19.
You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it. --Tennyson.
Syn: To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect;
revere. See {Appreciate}, {Estimate}.
Esteem \Es*teem"\, v. i.
To form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to
consider. [Obs.]
We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or
gift, which is of force. --Milton.
Esteem \Es*teem"\, n. [Cf. F. estime. See {Esteem}, v. t.]
1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation;
reckoning; price.
Most dear in the esteem And poor in worth! --Shak.
I will deliver you, in ready coin, The full and
dear'st esteem of what you crave. --J. Webster.
2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion,
founded on supposed worth.
Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem.
--Shak.
Syn: See {Estimate}, n.
Esteemable \Es*teem"a*ble\, a.
Worthy of esteem; estimable. [R.] ``Esteemable qualities.''
--Pope.
Esteemer \Es*teem"er\, n.
One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.
The proudest esteemer of his own parts. --Locke.
Ester \Es"ter\, n. [A word invented by L. Gmelin, a German
chemist.] (Chem.)
An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic
radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic
or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin
and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.
Esthesiometer \Es*the`si*om"e*ter\, n.
Same as {[AE]sthesiometer}.
Esthete \Es"thete\, n.; Esthetic \Es*thet"ic\, a., Esthetical
\Es*thet"ic*al\, a., Esthetics \Es*thet"ics\, n. etc.
Same as {[AE]sthete}, {[AE]sthetic}, {[AE]sthetical},
{[AE]sthetics}, etc.
Estiferous \Es*tif"er*ous\, a. [L. aestifer; aestus fire + ferre
to bear.]
Producing heat. [R.] --Smart.
Estimable \Es"ti*ma*ble\, a. [F. estimable, or L. aestimabilis.
See {Esteem}.]
1. Capable of being estimated or valued; as, estimable
damage. --Paley. .
2. Valuable; worth a great price. [R.]
A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man, Is not so
estimable, profitable neither, As flesh of muttons,
beefs, or goats. --Shak.
3. Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or
regard.
A lady said of her two companions, that one was more
amiable, the other more estimable. --Sir W.
Temple.
Estimable \Es"ti*ma*ble\, n.
A thing worthy of regard. [R.]
One of the peculiar estimables of her country. --Sir T.
Browne.
Estimableness \Es"ti*ma*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of deserving esteem or regard.
Estimably \Es"ti*ma*bly\, adv.
In an estimable manner.
Estimate \Es"ti*mate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Estimated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Estimating}.] [L. aestimatus, p. p. of aestimare. See
{Esteem}, v. t.]
1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from
imperfect data, -- either the extrinsic (money), or
intrinsic (moral), value; to fix the worth of roughly or
in a general way; as, to estimate the value of goods or
land; to estimate the worth or talents of a person.
It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of
the piece, that men estimate commodities and
exchange them. --Locke.
It is always very difficult to estimate the age in
which you are living. --J. C.
Shairp.
2. To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from
imperfect data, comparison, or experience; to make an
estimate of; to calculate roughly; to rate; as, to
estimate the cost of a trip, the number of feet in a piece
of land.
Syn: To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem;
count; calculate; number. -- To {Estimate}, {Esteem}.
Both these words imply an exercise of the judgment.
Estimate has reference especially to the external
relations of things, such as amount, magnitude,
importance, etc. It usually involves computation or
calculation; as, to estimate the loss or gain of an
enterprise. Esteem has reference to the intrinsic or
moral worth of a person or thing. Thus, we esteem a man
for his kindness, or his uniform integrity. In this
sense it implies a mingled sentiment of respect and
attachment. We esteem it an honor to live in a free
country. See {Appreciate}.
Estimate \Es"ti*mate\, n.
A valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring,
weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; as,
an estimate of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of
water in a pond.
Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole
estimate is changed. --J. C.
Shairp.
Syn: {Estimate}, {Estimation}, {Esteem}.
Usage: The noun estimate, like its verb, supposes chiefly an
exercise of judgment in determining the amount,
importance, or magnitude of things, with their other
exterior relations; as, an estimate of expenses
incurred; a true estimate of life, etc. Esteem is a
moral sentiment made up of respect and attachment, --
the valuation of a person as possessing useful
qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the esteem
of the wise and good as a thing greatly to be desired.
Estimation seems to waver between the two. In our
version of the Scriptures it is used simply for
estimate; as, ``If he be poorer than thy estimation.''
--Lev. xxvii. 8. In other cases, it verges toward
esteem; as, ``I know him to be of worth and worthy
estimation.'' --Shak. It will probably settle down at
last on this latter sense. ``Esteem is the value we
place upon some degree of worth. It is higher than
simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment.
It is the commencement of affection.'' --Gogan.
No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's Just
estimation prized above all price. --Cowper.
Estimation \Es`ti*ma"tion\, n. [L. aestimatio, fr. aestimare:
cf. F. estimation. See {Esteem}, v. t.]
1. The act of estimating. --Shak.
2. An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity
of anything, formed without using precise data; valuation;
as, estimations of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral
qualities.
If he be poorer that thy estimation, then he shall
present himself before the priest, and the priest,
and the priest shall value him. --Lev. xxvii.
8.
3. Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor.
I shall have estimation among multitude, and honor
with the elders. --Wisdom viii.
10.
4. Supposition; conjecture.
I speak not this in estimation, As what I think
might be, but what I know. --Shak.
Syn: Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement;
esteem; honor; regard. See {Estimate}, n.
Estimative \Es"ti*ma*tive\, a. [Cf. F. estimatif.]
1. Inclined, or able, to estimate; serving for, or capable of
being used in, estimating.
We find in animals an estimative or judicial
faculty. --Sir M. Hale.
2. Pertaining to an estimate. [R.]
Estimator \Es"ti*ma`tor\, n. [L. aestimator.]
One who estimates or values; a valuer. --Jer. Taylor.
Estival \Es"ti*val\, a., Estivate \Es"ti*vate\, v. i.,
Estivation \Es`ti*va"tion\, n.
Same as {[AE]stival}, {[AE]stivate}, etc.
Estoile \Es`toile"\, n. [OF.] (Her.)
A six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight
like those of a mullet. [Written also {['e]toile}.]
{Estoile of eight points}, a star which has four straight and
four wavy rays.
{Estoile of four points}. Same as Cross estoil['e], under
{Cross}.
Estop \Es*top"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Estophed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Estopping}.] [OF. estoper to stop, plug, close, F.
['e]touper, LL. stuppare to close with tow, obstruct, fr. L.
stuppa tow, oakum, cf. Gr. ?. Cf. {Stop}.] (Law)
To impede or bar by estoppel.
A party will be estopped by his admissions, where his
intent is to influence another, or derive an advantage
to himself. --Abbott.
Estoppel \Es*top"pel\, n. [From {Estop}.] (Law)
(a) A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or
denying a fact contrary to his own previous action,
allegation, or denial; an admission, by words or conduct,
which induces another to purchase rights, against which
the party making such admission can not take a position
inconsistent with the admission.
(b) The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute
certain admissions, which the policy of the law treats as
indisputable. --Wharton. --Stephen. --Burrill.
Estovers \Es*to"vers\, n. pl. [OF. estoveir, estovoir,
necessary, necessity, need, prop. an infin. meaning to suit,
be fit, be necessary. See {Stover}.] (Law)
Necessaries or supples; an allowance to a person out of an
estate or other thing for support; as of wood to a tenant for
life, etc., of sustenance to a man confined for felony of his
estate, or alimony to a woman divorced out of her husband's
estate. --Blackstone.
{Common of estovers}. See under {Common}, n.
Estrade \Es`trade"\, n. [F., fr. Sp. estrado, orig., a carpet on
the floor of a room, also, a carpeted platform, fr. L.
stratum bed covering. See {Stratum}.] (Arch.)
A portion of the floor of a room raised above the general
level, as a place for a bed or a throne; a platform; a dais.
He [the teacher] himself should have his desk on a
mounted estrade or platform. --J. G. Fitch.
Estramacon \Es`tra`ma`con"\, n. [F.]
1. A straight, heavy sword with two edges, used in the 16th
and 17th centuries.
2. A blow with edge of a sword. --Farrow.
Estrange \Es*trange"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Estranged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Estranging}.] [OF. estrangier to remove, F.
['e]tranger, L. extraneare to treat as a stranger, from
extraneus strange. See {Strange}.]
1. To withdraw; to withhold; hence, reflexively, to keep at a
distance; to cease to be familiar and friendly with.
We must estrange our belief from everything which is
not clearly and distinctly evidenced. --Glanvill.
Had we . . . estranged ourselves from them in things
indifferent. --Hooker.
2. To divert from its original use or purpose, or from its
former possessor; to alienate.
They . . . have estranged this place, and have
burned incense in it unto other gods. --Jer. xix. 4.
3. To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from
attachment to enmity or indifference.
I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has
estranged him from me. --Pope.
He . . . had pretended to be estranged from the
Whigs, and had promised to act as a spy upon them.
--Macaulay.
Estrangedness \Es*tran"ged*ness\, n.
State of being estranged; estrangement. --Prynne.
Estrangement \Es*trange"ment\, n. [Cf. OF. estrangement.]
The act of estranging, or the state of being estranged;
alienation.
An estrangement from God. --J. C.
Shairp.
A long estrangement from better things. --South.
Estranger \Es*tran"ger\, n.
One who estranges.
Estrangle \Es*tran"gle\, v. t.
To strangle. [Obs.]
Estrapade \Es`tra*pade"\, n. [F.] (Man.)
The action of a horse, when, to get rid of his rider, he
rears, plunges, and kicks furiously.
Estray \Es*tray"\, v. i.
To stray. [Obs.] --Daniel.
Estray \Es*tray"\ n. (Law)
Any valuable animal, not wild, found wandering from its
owner; a stray. --Burrill.
Estre \Es"tre\, n. [OF. estre state, plan.]
The inward part of a building; the interior. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Estreat \Es*treat"\, n. [OF. estraite, prop., an extract, fr. p.
p. of estraire to extract, F. extraire, fr. L. extrahere. See
{Extract}.] (Law)
A true copy, duplicate, or extract of an original writing or
record, esp. of amercements or penalties set down in the
rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff, or other officer.
--Cowell.
{Estreat of a recognizance}, the extracting or taking out a
forfeited recognizance from among the other records of the
court, for the purpose of a prosecution in another court,
or it may be in the same court. --Burrill.
Estreat \Es*treat"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Estreated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Estreating}.] (Law)
(a) To extract or take out from the records of a court, and
send up to the court of exchequer to be enforced; -- said
of a forfeited recognizance.
(b) To bring in to the exchequer, as a fine.
Estrepe \Es*trepe"\, v. t. [OF. estreper.] (Law)
To strip or lay bare, as land of wood, houses, etc.; to
commit waste.
Estrepement \Es*trepe"ment\, n. [OF., damage, waste.] (Law)
A destructive kind of waste, committed by a tenant for life,
in lands, woods, or houses. --Cowell.
Estrich \Es"trich\, n.
1. Ostrich. [Obs.] --Massinger.
2. (Com.) The down of the ostrich. --Brande & C.
Estuance \Es"tu*ance\, n. [From L. aestuans, p. pr. of aestuare.
See {Estuate}.]
Heat. [Obs.]
Estuarine \Es"tu*a*rine\, a.
Pertaining to an estuary; estuary.
Estuary \Es"tu*a*ry\, n.; pl. {Estuaries}. [L. aestuarium, from
aestuare to surge. See {Estuate}.] [Written also
{[ae]stuary}.]
1. A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth.
[Obs.] --Boyle.
2. A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide
meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith.
it to the sea was often by long and wide estuaries.
--Dana.
Estuary \Es"tu*a*ry\, a.
Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata.
--Lyell.
Estuate \Es"tu*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Estuated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Estuating}.] [L. aestuare to be in violent motion, to
boil up, burn, fr. aestus boiling or undulating motion, fire,
glow, heat; akin to Gr.? to burn. See {Ether}.]
To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated. --Bacon.
Estuation \Es`tu*a"tion\, n. [L. aestuatio.]
The act of estuating; commotion, as of a fluid; agitation.
The estuations of joys and fears. --W. Montagu.
Estufa \Es*tu"fa\, n.; pl. {Estufas}. [Sp., a stove, a warm
room. Cf. {Stove}.]
An assembly room in dwelling of the Pueblo Indians. --L. H.
Morgan.
Esture \Es"ture\ (?; 135), n. [See {Estuate}.]
Commotion. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Esurient \E*su"ri*ent\, a. [L. esuriens, p. pr. of ensurire, fr.
edere to eat.]
Inclined to eat; hungry; voracious. [R.] --Bailey. ``Poor,
but esurient.'' --Carlyle.
Esurient \E*su"ri*ent\, n.
One who is hungry or greedy. [R.]
An insatiable esurient after riches. --Wood.
Esurine \Es"u*rine\, a. [See {Esurient}.]
Causing hunger; eating; corroding. [Obs.] --Wiseman.
Esurine \Es"u*rine\, n. (Med.)
A medicine which provokes appetites, or causes hunger. [Obs.]
-et \-et\ [F. -et, masc., -ette, fem. Cf. {-let}.]
A noun suffix with a diminutive force; as in baronet, pocket,
facet, floweret, latchet.
Etaac \E*taac"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The blue buck.
Etacism \E"ta*cism\, n. [Gr. ? the letter ?, ?. Cf. {Itacism}.]
(Greek Gram.)
The pronunciation of the Greek [eta] (eta) like the Italian e
long, that is like a in the English word ate. See {Itacism}.
Etacist \E"ta*cist\, n.
One who favors etacism.
'Etagere \['E]`ta`g[`e]re"\, n. [F., fr. ['e]tager to arrange on
shelves, fr. ['e]tage story, floor. See {Stage}.]
A piece of furniture having a number of uninclosed shelves or
stages, one above another, for receiving articles of elegance
or use. --Fairholt.
'Etat Major \['E]`tat" Ma`jor"\ [F., fr. ['e]tat state + L.
major greater.] (Mil.)
The staff of an army, including all officers above the rank
of colonel, also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters,
commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymasters,
physicians, signal officers, judge advocates; also, the
noncommissioned assistants of the above officers.
Et cetera \Et` cet"e*ra\, Et caetera \Et` c[ae]t"e*ra\ . [L. et
and + caetera other things.]
Others of the like kind; and the rest; and so on; -- used to
point out that other things which could be mentioned are to
be understood. Usually abbreviated into etc. or &c. (&c).
--Shak.
Etch \Etch\, n.
A variant of {Eddish}. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Etch \Etch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Etched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Etching}.] [D. etsen, G. ["a]tzen to feed, corrode, etch.
MHG. etzen, causative of ezzen to eat, G. essen ??. See
{Eat}.]
1. To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or
the like, by means of lines or strokes eaten in or
corroded by means of some strong acid.
Note: The plate is first covered with varnish, or some other
ground capable of resisting the acid, and this is then
scored or scratched with a needle, or similar
instrument, so as to form the drawing; the plate is
then covered with acid, which corrodes the metal in the
lines thus laid bare.
2. To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as
a plate of metal.
I was etching a plate at the beginning of 1875.
--Hamerton.
3. To sketch; to delineate. [R.]
There are many empty terms to be found in some
learned writes, to which they had recourse to etch
out their system. --Locke.
Etch \Etch\, v. i.
To practice etching; to make etchings.
Etcher \Etch"er\, n.
One who etches.
Etching \Etch"ing\, n.
1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid
which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in
metal, glass, or the like. See {Etch}, v. t.
2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a
pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching.
3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material,
taken in ink from an etched plate.
{Etching figures} (Min.), markings produced on the face of a
crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have
usually a definite form, and are important as revealing
the molecular structure.
{Etching needle}, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which
lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching.
{Etching stitch} (Needlework), a stitch used outline
embroidery.
Eteostic \E`te*os"tic\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, year + ? row.]
A kind of chronogram. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Eterminable \E*ter"mi*na*ble\, a. [Pref. e- + terminable.]
Interminable. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Etern \E*tern"\ or Eterne \E*terne"\, a. [OF. eterne, L.
aeternus, for aeviturnus, fr. aevum age. See {Age}, and cf.
{Eternal}.]
Eternal. [Poetic] --Shak.
Built up to eterne significance. --Mrs.
Browning.
Eternal \E*ter"nal\, a. [F. ['e]ternel, L. aeternalis, fr.
aeternus. See {Etern}.]
1. Without beginning or end of existence; always existing.
The eternal God is thy refuge. --Deut.
xxxiii. 27.
To know wether there were any real being, whose
duration has been eternal. --Locke.
2. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting;
endless; immortal.
That they may also obtain the salvation which is in
Christ Jesus, with eternal glory. --2 Tim. ii.
10.
3. Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless;
constant.
And fires eternal in thy temple shine. --Dryden.
4. Existing at all times without change; immutable.
Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed.
--Dryden.
What are the eternal objects of poetry among all
nations, and at all times? --M. Arnold.
5. Exceedingly great or bad; -- used as a strong intensive.
``Some eternal villain.''
{The Eternal City}, an appellation of Rome.
Syn: Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual;
interminable. See {Everlasting}.
Eternal \E*ter"nal\, n.
1. One of the appellations of God.
Law whereby the Eternal himself doth work. --Hooker.
2. That which is endless and immortal. --Young.
Eternalist \E*ter"nal*ist\, n.
One who holds the existence of matter to be from eternity.
--T. Burnet.
Eternalize \E*ter"nal*ize\, v. t.
To make eternal. --Shelton.
Eternally \E*ter"nal*ly\, adv.
In an eternal manner.
That which is morally good or evil at any time or in
any case, must be also eternally and unchangeably so.
--South.
Where western gales eternally reside. --Addison.
Eterne \E*terne"\, a.
See {Etern}.
Eternify \E*ter"ni*fy\, v. t.
To make eternal. [Obs.]
Fame . . . eternifies the name. --Mir. for
Mag.
Eternity \E*ter"ni*ty\, n.; pl. {Eternities}. [F.
['e]ternit['e], L. aeternitas, fr. aeternus. See {Etern}.]
1. Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in
the future; also, duration without end in the future;
endless time.
The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity.
--Is. lvii.
15.
2. Condition which begins at death; immortality.
Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die,
Passing through nature to eternity. --Shak.
Eternization \E*ter`ni*za"tion\, n.
The act of eternizing; the act of rendering immortal or
famous.
Eternize \E*ter"nize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eternized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Eterniziing}.] [Cf. F. ['e]terniser.]
1. To make eternal or endless.
This other [gift] served but to eternize woe.
--Milton.
2. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize
one's self, a name, exploits.
St. Alban's battle won by famous York, Shall be
eternized in all age to come. --Shak.
Etesian \E*te"sian\, a. [L. etesiae, pl., periodic winds, Gr. ?,
fr. ? year: cf. F. ['e]t['e]sien.]
Periodical; annual; -- applied to winds which annually blow
from the north over the Mediterranean, esp. the eastern part,
for an irregular period during July and August.
Ethal \Eth"al\, n. [Ether + alcohol: cf. F. ['e]thal.] (Chem.)
A white waxy solid, {C16H33.OH}; -- called also {cetylic
alcohol}. See {Cetylic alcohol}, under {Cetylic}.
Ethane \Eth"ane\, n. [From {Ether}.] (Chem.)
A gaseous hydrocarbon, {C2H6}, forming a constituent of
ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the
paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are
common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also
{dimethyl}.
Ethe \Ethe\, a. [See {Eath}.]
Easy. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Ethel \Eth"el\, a. [AS. e?ele, [ae]?ele. See {Atheling}.]
Noble. [Obs.]
Ethene \Eth"ene\, n. (Chem.)
Ethylene; olefiant gas.
Ethenic \E*then"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from. or resembling, ethene or
ethylene; as, ethenic ether.
Ethenyl \Eth"e*nyl\, n. [Ethene + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, {CH3.C}.
(b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series,
{CH2:CH}; -- called also {vinyl}. See {Vinyl}.
Etheostomoid \E`the*os"to*moid\, a. [NL. etheostoma name of a
genus + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, or like, the genus {Etheostoma}. -- n. Any
fish of the genus {Etheostoma} and related genera, allied to
the perches; -- also called {darter}. The etheostomoids are
small and often bright-colored fishes inhabiting the fresh
waters of North America. About seventy species are known. See
{Darter}.
Ether \E"ther\, n. [L. aether, Gr. ?, fr. ? to light up, kindle,
burn, blaze; akin to Skr. idh, indh, and prob. to E. idle:
cf. F. ['e]ther.] [Written also {[ae]ther}.]
1. (Physics) A medium of great elasticity and extreme
tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of
solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of
transmission of light and heat; hence often called
{luminiferous ether}.
2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.
3. (Chem.)
(a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid,
{(C2H5)2O}, of a characteristic aromatic odor,
obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric
acid, and hence called also {sulphuric ether}. It is
powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but
finds its chief use as an an[ae]sthetic. Called also
{ethyl oxide}.
(b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl
ether; valeric ether.
{Complex ether}, {Mixed ether} (Chem.), an oxide of two
different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl
ether, {C2H5.O.CH3}.
{Compound ether} (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some
hydrocarbon as the base; an ester.
{Ether engine} (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam
engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by
steam.
Ethereal \E*the"re*al\, a.
1. Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the
higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere;
celestial; as, ethereal space; ethereal regions.
Go, heavenly guest, ethereal messenger. --Milton.
2. Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy;
tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as
form, manner, thought, etc.
Vast chain of being, which from God began, Natures
ethereal, human, angel, man. --Pope.
3. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether;
as, ethereal salts.
{Ethereal oil}. (Chem.) See {Essential oil}, under
{Essential}.
{Ethereal oil of wine} (Chem.), a heavy, yellow, oily liquid
consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl
sulphate. It is the oily residuum left after
etherification. Called also {heavy oil of wine}
(distinguished from oil of wine, or [oe]nanthic ether).
{Ethereal salt} (Chem.), a salt of some organic radical as a
base; an ester.
Etherealism \E*the"re*al*ism\, n.
Ethereality.
Ethereality \E*the`re*al"i*ty\, n.
The state of being ethereal; etherealness.
Something of that ethereality of thought and manner
which belonged to Wordsworth's earlier lyrics. --J. C.
Shairp.
Etherealization \E*the`re*al*i*za"tion\, n.
An ethereal or spiritlike state. --J. H. Stirling.
Etherealize \E*the"re*al*ize\, v. t.
1. To convert into ether, or into subtile fluid; to saturate
with ether.
2. To render ethereal or spiritlike.
Etherealized, moreover, by spiritual communications
with the other world. --Hawthorne.
Ethereally \E*the"re*al*ly\, adv.
In an ethereal manner.
Etherealness \E*the"re*al*ness\, n.
Ethereality.
Ethereous \E*the"re*ous\, a. [L. aethereus, Gr. ? See {Ether}.]
1. Formed of ether; ethereal. [Obs.]
This ethereous mold whereon we stand. --Milton.
2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or resembling, ether.
{Ethereous oil}. See {Ethereal oil}, under {Ethereal}.
Etherification \E*ther`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. (Chem.)
The act or process of making ether; specifically, the process
by which a large quantity of alcohol is transformed into
ether by the agency of a small amount of sulphuric, or ethyl
sulphuric, acid.
Etheriform \E*ther"i*form\, a. [Ether + form.]
Having the form of ether.
Etherin \E"ther*in\, n. (Chem.)
A white, crystalline hydrocarbon, regarded as a polymeric
variety of ethylene, obtained in heavy oil of wine, the
residue left after making ether; -- formerly called also
{concrete oil of wine}.
Etherization \E`ther*i*za"tion\n. (Med.)
(a) The administration of ether to produce insensibility.
(b) The state of the system under the influence of ether.
Etherize \E"ther*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Etherized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Etherizing}.] [Cf. F. ['e]th['e]riser.]
1. To convert into ether.
2. To render insensible by means of ether, as by inhalation;
as, to etherize a patient.
Etherol \E"ther*ol\, n. [Ether + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
An oily hydrocarbon regarded as a polymeric variety of
ethylene, produced with etherin.
Ethic \Eth"ic\, Ethical \Eth"ic*al\, a. [L. ethicus, Gr. ?, fr.
? custom, usage, character, dwelling; akin to ? custom, Goth.
sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh?, prob. orig., one's own doing;
sva self + dh? to set: cf. F. ['e]thique. See {So}, {Do}.]
Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings
or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic
discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical
philosophy.
The ethical meaning of the miracles. --Trench.
{Ethical dative} (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to
signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded
with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit? How
does my friend Celsus do?
Ethically \Eth"ic*al*ly\, adv.
According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.
Ethicist \Eth"i*cist\, n.
One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics.
Ethics \Eth"ics\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]thique. See {Ethic}.]
The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn
from this science; a particular system of principles and
rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of
practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as,
political or social ethics; medical ethics.
The completeness and consistency of its morality is the
peculiar praise of the ethics which the Bible has
taught. --I. Taylor.
Ethide \Eth"ide\, n. (Chem.)
Any compound of ethyl of a binary type; as, potassium ethide.
Ethidene \Eth"i*dene\, n. [From {Ether}.] (Chem.)
Ethylidene. [Obs.]
Ethine \Eth"ine\, n. (Chem.)
Acetylene.
Ethionic \Eth`i*on"ic\, a. [Ethyl + thionic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid so
called.
{Ethionic acid} (Chem.), a liquid derivative of
ethylsulphuric and sulphuric (thionic) acids, obtained by
the action of sulphur trioxide on absolute alcohol.
Ethiop \E"thi*op\, Ethiopian \E`thi*o"pi*an\, n. [L. Aethiops,
Gr. ?; ? to burn + ? face.]
A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense,
a negro or black man.
Ethiopian \E`thi*o"pi*an\, Ethiopic \E`thi*op"ic\, a.
Of or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.
Ethiopic \E`thi*op"ic\, n.
The language of ancient Ethiopia; the language of the ancient
Abyssinian empire (in Ethiopia), now used only in the
Abyssinian church. It is of Semitic origin, and is also
called {Geez}.
Ethiops \E"thi*ops\n. [NL. See {Ethiop}.] (Old Chem.)
A black substance; -- formerly applied to various
preparations of a black or very dark color. [Written also
{[AE]thiops}.] [Obs.]
{Ethiops martial} (Old Chem.), black oxide of iron.
{Ethiops mineral} (Old Chem.), black sulphide of mercury,
obtained by triturating mercury with sulphur.
{Ethiops per se} (Old Chem.), mercury in finely divided
state, having the appearance of a dark powder, obtained by
shaking it up or by exposure to the air.
Ethmoid \Eth"moid\, Ethmoidal \Eth*moid"al\, a. [Gr. ? like a
sieve; ? sieve + ? from: cf. F. ethmo["i]de, ethmo["i]dal.]
(Anat.)
(a) Like a sieve; cribriform.
(b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone.
{Ethmoid bone} (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure
through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium
and over which they are largely distributed.
Ethmoid \Eth"moid\n. (Anat.)
The ethmoid bone.
Ethmotrubinal \Eth`mo*tru"bi*nal\, a. [Ethmoid + turbinal.]
See {Turbinal}. -- n. An ethmoturbinal bone.
Ethmovomerine \Eth`mo*vo"mer*ine\, n. [Ethmoid + vomerine.]
(Anat.)
Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the
ethmoid in the skull.
{Ethmovomerine plate} (Anat.), a cartilaginous plate beneath
the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region of
the skull is developed.
Ethnarch \Eth"narch\, n. [Gr. ?; ? nation + ? leader, commander.
See {-arch}.] (Gr. Antiq.)
The governor of a province or people. --Lew Wallace.
Ethnarchy \Eth"narch*y\n. [Gr. ?.]
The dominion of an ethnarch; principality and rule. --Wright.
Ethnic \Eth"nic\, Ethnical \Eth"nic*al\, a. [L. ethnicus, Gr. ?,
fr. ? nation, ? ? the nations, heathens, gentiles: cf. F.
ethnique.]
1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of
race; ethnological.
2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to
Christianity; heathen; pagan; -- opposed to {Jewish} and
{Christian}.
Ethnic \Eth"nic\n.
A heathen; a pagan. [Obs.]
No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs.
--Milton.
Ethnically \Eth"nic*al*ly\, adv.
In an ethnical manner.
Ethnicism \Eth"ni*cism\n.
Heathenism; paganism; idolatry. [Obs.] ``Taint of
ethnicism.'' --B. Jonson.
Ethnographer \Eth*nog"ra*pher\n.
One who investigates ethnography.
Ethnographic \Eth`no*graph"ic\, Ethnographical
\Eth`no*graph"ic*al\, . a. [Cf. F. ethnographique.]
pertaining to ethnography.
Ethnographically \Eth`no*graph"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In an ethnographical manner.
Ethnography \Eth*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? nation + -graphy: cf. F.
ethnographie.]
That branch of knowledge which has for its subject the
characteristics of the human family, developing the details
with which ethnology as a comparative science deals;
descriptive ethnology. See {Ethnology}.
Ethnologic \Eth`no*log"ic\, Ethnological \Eth`no*log"ic*al\, a
Of or pertaining to ethnology.
Ethnologically \Eth`no*log"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In an ethnological manner; by ethnological classification;
as, one belonging ethnologically to an African race.
Ethnologist \Eth*nol"o*gist\, n.
One versed in ethnology; a student of ethnology.
Ethnology \Eth*nol"o*gy\n. [Gr. ? nation + -logy.]
The science which treats of the division of mankind into
races, their origin, distribution, and relations, and the
peculiarities which characterize them.
Ethologic \Eth`o*log"ic\, Ethological \Eth`o*log"ic*al\, a [See
{Ethology}.]
treating of, or pertaining to, ethnic or morality, or the
science of character. --J. S. Mill.
Ethologist \E*thol"o*gist\n.
One who studies or writes upon ethology.
Ethology \E*thol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? a depicting of character; ?
custom, moral nature + ? to speak.]
1. A treatise on morality; ethics.
2. The science of the formation of character, national and
collective as well as individual. --J. S. Mill.
Ethopoetic \Eth"o*po*et"ic\ [Gr. ?; ? custom, manners + ? to
make or form.]
Expressing character. [Obs.] --Urquhart.
Ethule \Eth"ule\[Ether + Gr. ? substance, base. Cf. {Ethyl}, and
see {-yl}.] (Chem.)
Ethyl. [Obs.]
Ethyl \Eth"yl\, n. [Ether + -yl.] (Chem.)
A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, {C2H5} of the paraffin
series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of
common alcohol and ether.
{Ethyl aldehyde}. (Chem.) See {Aldehyde}.
Ethylamine \Eth`yl*am"ine\, n. [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.)
A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, {C2H5.NH2}, very
volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base,
and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also {ethyl
carbamine}, and {amido ethane}.
Ethylate \Eth"yl*ate\ (-[asl]t), n. [From {Ethyl}.] (Chem.)
A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of
the hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an
ethyl alcoholate; as, potassium ethylate, {C2H5.O.K}.
Ethylene \Eth"yl*ene\ (-[=e]n), n. [From {Ethyl}.] (Chem.)
A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, {C2H4}, forming an
important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained
by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It
is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with
chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), --
hence called {olefiant gas}. Called also {ethene}, {elayl},
and formerly, {bicarbureted hydrogen}.
{Ethylene series} (Chem.), the series of unsaturated
hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and
represented by the general formula {CnH2n}.
Ethylic \E*thyl"ic\ (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, ethyl; as,
ethylic alcohol.
Ethylidene \E*thyl"i*dene\ (Chem.)
An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, {C2H4}
metameric with ethylene but written thus, {CH3.CH} to
distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, {CH2.CH2}. Its
compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also
{ethidene}.
Ethylin \Eth"yl*in\ (Chem.)
Any one of the several complex ethers of ethyl and glycerin.
Ethylsulphuric \Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric\a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid.
{Ethylsulphuric acid} (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl,
{H.C2H5.SO4}, produced as a thick liquid by the action of
sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active
catalytic agent in the process of etherification.
Etiolate \E"ti*o*late\ v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Etiolated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Etiolating}.] [F. ['e]tioler to blanch.]
1. To become white or whiter; to be whitened or blanched by
excluding the light of the sun, as, plants.
2. (Med.) To become pale through disease or absence of light.
Etiolate \E"ti*o*late\, v. t.
1. To blanch; to bleach; to whiten by depriving of the sun's
rays.
2. (Med.) To cause to grow pale by disease or absence of
light.
Etiolate \E"ti*o*late\, Etiolated \E"ti*o*la`ted\, a.
Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting
desert regions.
Etiolation \E`ti*o*la"tion\, n.
1. The operation of blanching plants, by excluding the light
of the sun; the condition of a blanched plant.
2. (Med.) Paleness produced by absence of light, or by
disease. --Dunglison.
Etoolin \E"to*o*lin\, n. [See {Etiolate}.] (Bot.)
A yellowish coloring matter found in plants grown in
darkness, which is supposed to be an antecedent condition of
chlorophyll. --Encyc. Brit.
Etiological \E`ti*o*log"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or inquiring into, causes; [ae]tiological.
Etiology \E`ti*ol"o*gy\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]tiologie.]
The science of causes. Same as ?{tiology}.
Etiquette \Et"i*quette`\, n. [F. prop., a little piece of paper,
or a mark or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing
its contents, a label, ticket, OF. estiquete, of German
origin; cf. LG. stikke peg, pin, tack, stikken to stick, G.
stecken. See {Stick}, and cf. {Ticket}.]
The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by
authority, to be observed in social or official life;
observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion;
conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society.
The pompous etiquette to the court of Louis the
Fourteenth. --Prescott.
Etna \Et"na\, n.
A kind of small, portable, cooking apparatus for which heat
is furnished by a spirit lamp.
There should certainly be an etna for getting a hot cup
of coffee in a hurry. --V. Baker.
Etnean \Et*ne"an\, a. [L. Aetnaeus, Gr. ?, fr.? (L. Aetna,
Aetne).]
Pertaining to Etna, a volcanic mountain in Sicily.
'Etoile \['E]`toile"\ ([asl]`tw[aum]l"), n. [F.] (Her.)
See {Estoile}.
Etrurian \E*tru"ri*an\, a.
Of or relating to ancient Etruria, in Italy. ``Etrurian
Shades.'' --Milton, -- n. A native or inhabitant of ancient
Etruria.
Etruscan \E*trus"can\, n. [L. Etruscus.]
Of or relating to Etruria. -- n. A native or inhabitant of
Etruria.
Etter pike \Et"ter pike`\, n. [Cf. {Atter}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The stingfish, or lesser weever ({Tranchinus vipera}).
Ettin \Et"tin\, n. [SA. eten, eoten, orig., gluttonous, fr. etan
to eat.]
A giant. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Ettle \Et"tle\, v. t. [Perh. the same word as addle to earn; bur
cf. OE. atlien, etlien, to intend, prepare, Icel. [ae]tla to
think, suppose, mean.]
To earn. [Obs.] See {Addle}, to earn. --Boucher.
'Etude \['E]`tude"\ ([asl]`t[.u]d"), n. [F. See {Study}.]
1. A composition in the fine arts which is intended, or may
serve, for a study.
2. (Mus.) A study; an exercise; a piece for practice of some
special point of technical execution.
'Etui \['E]`tui"\ ([asl]`tw[-e]"), n. [F.]
A case for one or several small articles; esp., a box in
which scissors, tweezers, and other articles of toilet or of
daily use are carried.
Etwee \Et*wee"\ ([e^]t*e[=e]"), n.
See {['E]tui}. --Shenstone.
Etym \Et"ym\ ([e^]t"[i^]m), n.
See {Etymon}. --H. F. Talbot.
Etymic \E*tym"ic\ ([-e]*t[i^]m"[i^]k), a.
Relating to the etymon; as, an etymic word.
Etymologer \Et`y*mol"o*ger\ ([e^]t`[i^]*m[o^]l"[-o]*j[~e]r), n.
An etymologist.
Etymological \Et`y*mo*log"ic*al\ (-m[-o]*l[o^]j"[i^]*kal), a.
[L. etymologicus, Gr. 'etymologiko`s: cf. F. ['e]tymologique.
See {Etymology}.]
Pertaining to etymology, or the derivation of words. --
{Et`y*mo*log"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Etymologicon \Et`y*mo*log"i*con\ (-[i^]*k[o^]n), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. 'etymologiko`n, prop. neut. sing. from 'etymologiko`s.]
An etymological dictionary or manual.
Etymologist \Et`y*mol"o*gist\ ([e^]t`[i^]*m[o^]l"[-o]*j[i^]st),
n. [Cf. F. ['e]tymologiste.]
One who investigates the derivation of words.
Etymologize \Et`y*mol"o*gize\ (-j[imac]z), v. t. [Cf. F.
['e]tymologiser.]
To give the etymology of; to trace to the root or primitive,
as a word. --Camden
Etymologize \Et`y*mol"o*gize\, v. t.
To search into the origin of words; to deduce words from
their simple roots.
How perilous it is to etymologize at random. --Trench.
Etymology \Et`y*mol"o*gy\ (-j[y^]), n.; pl. {Etymologies}
(-j[i^]z). [L. etymologia, Gr. 'etymologi`a; 'e`tymon etymon
+ lo`gos discourse, description: cf. F. ['e]tymologie. See
{Etymon}, and {-logy}.]
1. That branch of philological science which treats of the
history of words, tracing out their origin, primitive
significance, and changes of form and meaning.
2. That part of grammar which relates to the changes in the
form of the words in a language; inflection.
Etymon \Et"y*mon\, n.; pl. E. {Etymons}, Gr. {Etyma}. [L., fr.
Gr. 'e`tymon the true literal sense of a word according to
its derivation, an etymon, fr. ? true, real, prob, akin to
Skr. sotya, E. sooth. See {Sooth}.]
1. An original form; primitive word; root.
2. Original or fundamental signification. [R.]
Given as the etymon or genuine sense of the word.
--Coleridge.
Etypical \E*typ"ic*al\, a. [Pref. e- + typical.] (Biol.)
Diverging from, or lacking conformity to, a type.
Eu \Eu\ [Gr. ? well, orig. neut. of ? good; prob. connected with
Skr. su, from the same root as E. is; or with Skr. vasu good,
prob. fr. the same root as E. was.]
A prefix used frequently in composition, signifying well,
good, advantageous; -- the opposite of dys-.
Eucairite \Eu*cai"rite\, n. [Gr. ? seasonable, opportune; ?
well, good + ? season.] (Min.)
A metallic mineral, a selenide of copper and silver; -- so
called by Berzelius on account of its being found soon after
the discovery of the metal selenium.
Eucalyn \Eu"ca*lyn\ ([=u]"k[.a]*l[i^]n), n. (Chem.)
An unfermentable sugar, obtained as an uncrystallizable sirup
by the decomposition of melitose; also obtained from a
Tasmanian {eucalyptus}, -- whence its name.
Eucalyptol \Eu`ca*lyp*tol\, n. [Eucalyptus + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.)
A volatile, terpenelike oil extracted from the eucalyptus,
and consisting largely of cymene.
Eucalyptus \Eu`ca*lyp"tus\, n. [NL., from GR. ? well, good + ?
covered. The buds of Eucalyptus have a hemispherical or
conical covering, which falls off at anthesis.] (Bot.)
A myrtaceous genus of trees, mostly Australian. Many of them
grow to an immense height, one or two species exceeding the
height even of the California Sequoia.
Note: They have rigid, entire leaves with one edge turned
toward the zenith. Most of them secrete resinous gums,
whence they called {gum trees}, and their timber is of
great value. {Eucalyptus Globulus} is the blue gum; {E.
gigantea}, the stringy bark: {E. amygdalina}, the
peppermint tree. {E. Gunnii}, the Tasmanian cider tree,
yields a refreshing drink from wounds made in the bark
in the spring. Other species yield oils, tars, acids,
dyes and tans. It is said that miasmatic valleys in
Algeria and Portugal, and a part of the unhealthy Roman
Campagna, have been made more salubrious by planting
groves of these trees.
Eucharis \Eu"cha*ris\, n. [NL., fr. L. eucharis agreeable, Gr.
e'y`charis See {Eucharist}.] (Bot.)
A genus of South American amaryllidaceous plants with large
and beautiful white blossoms.
Eucharist \Eu"cha*rist\, n. [L. eucharistia, Gr. e'ycharisti`a,
lit., a giving of thanks; e'y^ + cha`ris favor, grace,
thanks; akin to chai`rein to rejoice, and prob. to yearn: cf.
F. eucharistie.]
1. The act of giving thanks; thanksgiving. [Obs.]
Led through the vale of tears to the region of
eucharist and hallelujahs. --South.
2. (Eccl.) The sacrament of the Lord's Supper; the solemn act
of ceremony of commemorating the death of Christ, in the
use of bread and wine, as the appointed emblems; the
communion. -- See {Sacrament}.
Eucharistic \Eu`cha*ris"tic\, Eucharistical \Eu`cha*ris"tic*al\,
a. [Cf. F. eucharistie.]
1. Giving thanks; expressing thankfulness; rejoicing. [Obs.]
The eucharistical part of our daily devotions.
--Ray.
2. Pertaining to the Lord's Supper. ``The eucharistic
sacrament.'' --Sir. G. C. Lewis.
Euchite \Eu"chite\, n. [From Gr. ? to pray.]
One who resolves religion into prayer. [Obs.] --Gauden.
Euchloric \Eu*chlo"ric\, a. [Gr. ? fresh and green; ? well + ?
pale green.] (Chem.)
Relating to, or consisting of, euchlorine; as, euchloric ?.
--Davy.
Euchlorine \Eu*chlo"rine\, n. [Cf. F. euchlorine. See
{Euchloric}.] (Chem.)
A yellow or greenish yellow gas, first prepared by Davy,
evolved from potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. It is
supposed to consist of chlorine tetroxide with some free
chlorine.
Euchologion \Eu`cho*lo"gi*on\, Euchology \Eu*chol"o*gy\, n. [NL.
euchologion, Gr. ? prayer book; ? prayer, vow (fr. ? to pray)
+ ? to say, speak.] (Eccl.)
A formulary of prayers; the book of offices in the Greek
Church, containing the liturgy, sacraments, and forms of
prayers.
Euchologue \Eu"cho*logue\, n. [F. euchologe.]
Euchology. [R.]
Euchre \Eu"chre\, n. [Perh. from F. ['e]cart['e].]
A game at cards, that may be played by two, three, or four
persons, the highest card (except when an extra card called
the Joker is used) being the knave of the same suit as the
trump, and called right bower, the lowest card used being the
seven, or frequently, in two-handed euchre, the nine spot.
See {Bower}.
Euchre \Eu"chre\, v. t.
1. To defeat, in a game of euchre, the side that named the
trump.
2. To defeat or foil thoroughly in any scheme. [Slang.]
Euchroic \Eu*chro"ic\, a. [Gr. ? well-colored; ? well + ?
color.] (Chem.)
Having a fine color.
{Euchroic acid} (Chem.), an organic, imide acid, obtained as
a colorless crystalline substance, {C12H4N2O8} by heating
an ammonium salt of mellitic acid. By reduction it is
changed to a dark blue substance (euchrone), -- hence its
name.
Euchroite \Eu"chro*ite\, n. [See {Euchroic}.] (Min.)
A mineral occurring in transparent emerald green crystals. It
is hydrous arseniate of copper.
Euchrone \Eu"chrone\n. (Chem.)
A substance obtained from euchroic acid. See {Eychroic}.
Euchymy \Eu"chy*my\, n. [Gr. ? well + ? juice liquid. See
{Chyme}.] (Med.)
A good state of the blood and other fluids of the body.
Euclase \Eu"clase\n. [Gr. ? well, easily + ? to break. Cf. F.
euclase, G. euklas. See named from its brittleness.] (Min.)
A brittle gem occurring in light green, transparent crystals,
affording a brilliant clinodiagonal cleavage. It is a
silicate of alumina and glucina.
Euclid \Eu"clid\, n.
A Greek geometer of the 3d century b. c.; also, his treatise
on geometry, and hence, the principles of geometry, in
general.
Euclidian \Eu*clid"i*an\, n.
Related to Euclid, or to the geometry of Euclid.
{Euclidian space} (Geom.), the kind of space to which the
axioms and definitions of Euclid, relative to straight
lines and parallel lines, apply; -- called also {flat
space}, and {homaloidal space}.
Eucopepoda \Eu`co*pep"o*da\, n. pl. [NL. See {Eu-} and
{Copepoda}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group which includes the typical copepods and the lerneans.
Eucrasy \Eu"cra*sy\ [Gr. ?; ?, wellcempered; ? well + ? to mix,
temper: cf. F. eucrasie.] (Med.)
Such a due mixture of qualities in bodies as constitutes
health or soundness. --Quincy.
Euctical \Euc"tic*al\[Gr. ?, fr. ? to pray, wish.]
Expecting a wish; supplicatory. [R.]
Sacrifices . . . distinguished into expiatory,
euctical, and eucharistical. --Bp. Law.
Eudemon \Eu*de"mon\, Eudaemon \Eu*d[ae]"mon\, n. [Gr. ? well,
good + ? one's demon.]
A good angel. --Southey.
Eudemonics \Eu`de*mon"ics\, Eudaemonics \Eu`d[ae]*mon"ics\, n.
[Gr. ? conducive to happiness. See {Eudemonism}.]
That part of moral philosophy which treats of happiness; the
science of happiness; -- contrasted with {aretaics}. --J.
Grote.
Eudemonism \Eu*de"mon*ism\, Eudaemonism \Eu*d[ae]"mon*ism\, n.
[Gr. ? a thinking happy, fr, ? blessed with a good genius,
happy; ? well, good + ? one's demon of genius. See {Demon}.]
That system of ethics which defines and enforces moral
obligation by its relation to happiness or personal
well-being.
Eudemonist \Eu*de"mon*ist\, Eudaemonist \Eu*d[ae]"mon*ist\, n.
One who believes in eudemonism.
I am too much of a eud[ae]monist; I hanker too much
after a state of happiness both for myself and others.
--De Quincey.
Eudemonistic \Eu*de`mon*is"tic\, Eudaemonistic
\Eu*d[ae]`mon*is"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to eudemonism.
Eudemonistical \Eu*de`mon*is"tic*al\, Eudaemonistical
\Eu*d[ae]`mon*is"tic*al\, a.
Eudemonistic.
Eudialyte \Eu*di"a*lyte\, n. [Gr. ? well easily + ? to dissolve.
So called because easily dissolvable in acids.] (Min.)
A mineral of a brownish red color and vitreous luster,
consisting chiefly of the silicates of iron, zirconia, and
lime.
Eudiometer \Eu`di*om"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? fair, clear weather, fr.
? fine, clear ( said of the air or weather) + -meter: cf. F.
ediom[`e]tre.] (Chem.)
An instrument for the volumetric measurement of gases; -- so
named because frequently used to determine the purity of the
air.
Note: It usually consists of a finely graduated and
calibrated glass tube, open at one end, the bottom; and
having near the top a pair of platinum wires fused in,
to allow the passage of an electric spark, as the
process involves the explosion and combustion of one of
the ingredients to be determined. The operation is
conducted in a trough of mercury, or sometimes over
water. Cf. {Burette}. Ure's eudiometer has the tube
bent in the form of the letter. U.
Eudiometric \Eu`di*o*met"ric\, Eudiometrical
\Eu`di*o*met"ric*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a eudiometer; as, eudiometrical
experiments or results.
Eudiometry \Eu`di*om"e*try\, n. [Cf. F. eudiom['e]trie.] (Chem.)
The art or process of determining the constituents of a
gaseous mixture by means of the eudiometer, or for
ascertaining the purity of the air or the amount of oxygen in
it.
Eudipleura \Eu`di*pleu"ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? well + ?
double + ? rib,?, pl.,side.] (Biol.)
The fundamental forms of organic life, that are composed of
two equal and symmetrical halves. --Syd. Soc. Lex.
Eudoxian \Eu*dox"i*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Eudoxius, patriarch of Antioch and
Constantinople in the 4th century, and a celebrated defender
of the doctrines of Arius.
Euganoidei \Eu`ga*noi"de*i\, n. pl. [NL., fr. GR. ? well + NL.
ganoidei. See {Ganoid}.] (Zo["o]l)
A group which includes the bony ganoids, as the gar pikes.
Euge \Eu"ge\, n. [L., well done! bravo! Gr. ?.]
Applause. [Obs.] --Hammond.
Eugenia \Eu*ge"ni*a\ ([-u]*j[=e]"n[i^]*[.a]), n. [NL. Named in
honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy.] (Bot.)
A genus of myrtaceous plants, mostly of tropical countries,
and including several aromatic trees and shrubs, among which
are the trees which produce allspice and cloves of commerce.
Eugenic \Eu*gen"ic\ ([-u]*j[e^]n"[i^]k), a. [See {Eugenia}.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, cloves; as, eugenic acid.
Eugenic \Eu*gen"ic\ ([-u]*j[e^]n"[i^]k), a. [Gr. e'ygenh`s.]
Well-born; of high birth. --Atlantic Monthly.
Eugenics \Eu*gen"ics\, n.
The science of improving stock, whether human or animal. --F.
Galton.
Eugenin \Eu"ge*nin\, n. (Chem.)
A colorless, crystalline substance extracted from oil of
cloves; -- called also {clove camphor}.
Eugenol \Eu"ge*nol\, n. [Eugenia + -ol.] (Chem.)
A colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon, {C10H12O2}
resembling the phenols, and hence also called {eugenic acid}.
It is found in the oils of pimento and cloves.
Eugeny \Eu"ge*ny\ [Gr. ?, fr. e'ygenh`s well born; ? well + ?
race.]
Nobleness of birth. [Obs.]
Eugetic \Eu*get"ic\, Eugetinic \Eu`ge*tin"ic\, a. (Chem)
Pertaining to, or derived from, eugenol; as, eugetic acid.
Eugh \Eugh\, n. [See {Yew}.]
The yew. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Eugubian \Eu*gu"bi*an\, Eugubine \Eu"gu*bine\, a.
Of or pertaining to the ancient town of Eugubium (now
Gubbio); as, the Eugubine tablets, or tables, or
inscriptions.
Euharmonic \Eu`har*mon"ic\, a. [Pref. -eu + harmonic.] (Mus.)
Producing mathematically perfect harmony or concord; sweetly
or perfectly harmonious.
Euhemerism \Eu*hem"er*ism\n. [L. Euhemerus, Gr. ? a philosopher,
about 300 ?.]
The theory, held by Euhemerus, that the gods of mythology
were but deified mortals, and their deeds only the
amplification in imagination of human acts.
Euhemerist \Eu*hem"er*ist\, n.
One who advocates euhemerism.
Euhemeristic \Eu*hem`er*is"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to euhemerism.
Euhemerize \Eu*hem"er*ize\v. t.
To interpret (mythology) on the theory of euhemerism.
Euisopoda \Eu`i*sop"o*da\ pl. [NL. See {Eu-} and {Isopoda}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A group which includes the typical Isopoda.
Eulachon \Eu"la*chon\, n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The candlefish. [Written also {oulachan}, {oolacan}, and
{ulikon}.] See {Candlefish}.
Eulerian \Eu*le"ri*an\a.
Pertaining to Euler, a German mathematician of the 18th
century.
{Eulerian integrals}, certain definite integrals whose
properties were first investigated by Euler.
Eulogic \Eu*log"ic\, Eulogical \Eu*log"ic*al\, a. [See
{Eulogy}.]
Bestowing praise of eulogy; commendatory; eulogistic. [R.] --
{Eu*log"ic*al*ly}, adv. [R.]
Eulogist \Eu"lo*gist\n.
One who eulogizes or praises; panegyrist; encomiast.
--Buckle.
Eulogistic \Eu`lo*gis"tic\, Eulogistical \Eu`lo*gis"tic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to eulogy; characterized by eulogy;
bestowing praise; panegyrical; commendatory; laudatory; as,
eulogistic speech or discourse. -- {Eu"lo*gis"tic*al*ly},
adv.
Eulogium \Eu*lo"gi*um\n.; pl. {Eulogiums}. [LL., fr. Gr. ?
eulogy.]
A formal eulogy. --Smollett.
Eulogize \Eu"lo*gize\v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eulogized}. (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Eulogizing}.]
To speak or write in commendation of (another); to extol in
speech or writing; to praise.
Eulogy \Eu"lo*gy\, n.; pl. {Eulogies}. [Gr. ?, from ? well
speaking; ? well + ? to speak. Cf. {Eulogium}, and see
{Legend}.]
A speech or writing in commendation of the character or
services of a person; as, a fitting eulogy to worth.
Eulogies turn into elegies. --Spenser.
Syn: Encomium; praise; panegyric; applause.
Usage: {Eulogy}, {Eulogium}, {Encomium}, {Panegyric}. The
idea of praise is common to all these words. The word
encomium is used of both persons and things which are
the result of human action, and denotes warm praise.
Eulogium and eulogy apply only to persons and are more
studied and of greater length. A panegyric was
originally a set speech in a full assembly of the
people, and hence denotes a more formal eulogy,
couched in terms of warm and continuous praise,
especially as to personal character. We may bestow
encomiums on any work of art, on production of genius,
without reference to the performer; we bestow
eulogies, or pronounce a eulogium, upon some
individual distinguished for his merit public
services; we pronounce a panegyric before an assembly
gathered for the occasion.
Eulytite \Eu"ly*tite\, n. [Gr. ? well + ? to dissolve.] (Min.)
A mineral, consisting chiefly of the silicate of bismuth,
found at Freiberg; -- called also {culytine}.
Eumenides \Eu*men"i*des\, n. pl. [L., from Gr. ? lit., gracious
goddesses.] (Class. Myth.)
A euphemistic name for the Furies of Erinyes.
Eumolpus \Eu*mol"pus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? sweetly singing.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of small beetles, one species of which ({E. viti}) is
very injurious to the vines in the wine countries of Europe.
Eunomian \Eu*no"mi*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus (4th century A.
D.), who held that Christ was not God but a created being,
having a nature different from that of the Father. -- a. Of
or pertaining to Eunomius or his doctrine.
Eunomy \Eu"no*my\, n. [Gr. ?; ? well + ? law.]
Equal law, or a well-adjusted constitution of government.
[R.] --Mitford.
Eunuch \Eu"nuch\, n. [L. eunuchus, Gr. ?, prop., keeping or
guarding the couch; ? couch, bed, + ? to have, hold, keep.]
A male of the human species castrated; commonly, one of a
class of such persons, in Oriental countries, having charge
of the women's apartments. Some of them, in former times,
gained high official rank.
Eunuch \Eu"nuch\, Eunuchate \Eu"nuch*ate\, v. t. [L. eunuchare.]
To make a eunuch of; to castrate. as a man. --Creech. Sir. T.
Browne.
Eunuchism \Eu"nuch*ism\, n. [L. eunuchismus an unmanning, Gr. ?:
cf. F. eunuchisme eunuchism.]
The state of being eunuch. --Bp. Hall.
Euonymin \Eu*on"y*min\, n. (Med.)
A principle or mixture of principles derived from Euonymus
atropurpureus, or spindle tree.
Euonymus \Eu*on"y*mus\, n. [NL. (cf. L. euonymos). fr. Gr. ?,
lit., of good name.] (Bot.)
A genus of small European and American trees; the spindle
tree. The bark is used as a cathartic.
Euornithes \Eu`or*ni"thes\, n. pl. [NL., fr., Gr. ? well + ?, ?
a bird.] (Zo["o]l.)
The division of Aves which includes all the typical birds, or
all living birds except the penguins and birds of ostrichlike
form.
Euosmitte \Eu*os"mitte\, n. [Gr. ? well + ? a smell.] (Min.)
A fossil resin, so called from its strong, peculiar, pleasant
odor.
Eupathy \Eu"pa*thy\, n. [Gr. ? comfort, happy condition of the
soul. See {Eu-}, and {Pathetic}.]
Right feeling. [R.] --Harris.
Eupatorin Eupatorine \Eu*pat"o*rin Eu*pat"o*rine\, n. (Med.)
A principle or mixture of principles extracted from various
species of Eupatorium.
Eupatorium \Eu`pa*to"ri*um\, n. [NL., fr. Eupator, king of
Pontus, said to have used it as a medicine.] (Bot.)
A genus of perennial, composite herbs including hemp
agrimony, boneset, throughwort, etc.
Eupatrid \Eu"pa*trid\, n. [Gr. ? well + ? father.]
One well born, or of noble birth.
Eupepsia \Eu*pep"si*a\, Eupepsy \Eu*pep"sy\, n. [NL. eupepsia,
Fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? easy of digestion; ? well + ? to cook,
digest.] (Med.)
Soundness of the nutritive or digestive organs; good
concoction or digestion; -- opposed to dyspepsia.
Eupeptic \Eu*pep"tic\, a. [Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to good digestion; easy of digestion; having
a good digestion; as, eupeptic food; an eupeptic man.
Wrapt in lazy eupeptic fat. --Carlyle.
Euphemism \Eu"phe*mism\, n. [Gr. ? fr. ? to use word of a good
omen; ? well + ? to speak: cf. F. euph['e]misme. See {Fame}.]
(Rhet.)
A figure in which a harts or indelicate word or expression is
softened; a way of describing an offensive thing by an
inoffensive expression; a mild name for something
disagreeable.
Euphemistic \Eu`phe*mis"tic\, Euphemistical \Eu`phe*mis"tic*al\,
a.
Pertaining to euphemism; containing a euphemism; softened in
expression. -- {Eu`phe*mis"tic*al*ly}, adv.
Euphemize \Eu"phe*mize\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Euphemized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Euphemizing}.] [Gr. ? .]
To express by a euphemism, or in delicate language; to make
use of euphemistic expressions.
Euphoniad \Eu*pho"ni*ad\, n. [See {Euphony}.] (Mus.)
An instrument in which are combined the characteristic tones
of the organ and various other instruments. [R.]
Euphonic \Eu*phon"ic\, Euphonical \Eu*phon"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or exhibiting, euphony; agreeable in sound;
pleasing to the ear; euphonious; as, a euphonic expression;
euphonical orthography.
Euphonicon \Eu*phon"i*con\, n. [See {Euphony}.] (Mus.)
A kind of upright piano.
Euphonious \Eu*pho"ni*ous\, a.
Pleasing or sweet in sound; euphonic; smooth-sounding.
--Hallam. -- {Eu*pho"ni*ous*ly}, adv.
Euphonism \Eu"pho*nism\, n.
An agreeable combination of sounds; euphony.
Euphonium \Eu*pho"ni*um\, n. [NL. See {Euphony}.] (Mus.)
A bass instrument of the saxhorn family.
Euphonize \Eu"pho*nize\, v. t.
To make euphonic. [R.]
Euphonon \Eu"pho*non\, n. [See {Euphony}.] (Mus.)
An instrument resembling the organ in tine and the upright
piano in form. It is characterized by great strength and
sweetness of tone.
Euphonous \Eu"pho*nous\, n.
Euphonious. [R.]
Euphony \Eu"pho*ny\, n.; pl. {Euphonies}. [L. euphonia, Gr. ?,
fr. ? sweet-voiced; ? well + ? sound, voice; akin to ? to
speak: cf. F. euphonie.]
A pleasing or sweet sound; an easy, smooth enunciation of
sounds; a pronunciation of letters and syllables which is
pleasing to the ear.
Euphorbia \Eu*phor"bi*a\, n. [NL., fr. L. euphorbea. See
{Euphorrium}.] (Bot.)
Spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species,
mostly shrubby, herbaceous succulents, affording an acrid,
milky juice. Some of them are armed with thorns. Most of them
yield powerful emetic and cathartic products.
Euphorbiaceous \Eu*phor`bi*a"ceous\, Euphorbial \Eu*phor"bi*al\,
a. (Bot.)
Of, relating to, or resembling, the Euphorbia family.
Euphorbin Euphorbine \Eu*phor"bin Eu*phor"bine\, n. (Med.)
A principle, or mixture of principles, derived from various
species of Euphorbia.
Euphorbium \Eu*phor"bi*um\, n. [NL., fr. L. euphorbeum, from Gr.
?; -- so called after Euphorbus, a Greek physician.] (Med.)
An inodorous exudation, usually in the form of yellow tears,
produced chiefly by the African Euphorbia resinifrea. It was
formerly employed medicinally, but was found so violent in
its effects that its use is nearly abandoned.
Euphotide \Eu"pho*tide\, n. [Gr. ? well + ?, ?, light. So called
because of its pleasing combination of white and green.]
(Min.)
A rock occurring in the Alps, consisting of saussurite and
smaragdite; -- sometimes called gabbro.
Euphrasy \Eu"phra*sy\, n. [NL. euphrasia, fr. Gr. ? delight, fr.
? to delight; ? well + ? heart, mind: cf. LL. eufrasia, F.
eufrasie.] (Bot.)
The plant eyesight ({euphrasia officionalis}), formerly
regarded as beneficial in disorders of the eyes.
Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for
he had much to see. --Milton.
Euphroe \Eu"phroe\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A block or long slat of wood, perforated for the passage of
the crowfoot, or cords by which an awning is held up.
[Written also {uphroe} and {uvrou}.] --Knight.
Euphuism \Eu"phu*ism\, n. [Gr. ? well grown, graceful; ? well +
? growth, fr. ? to grow. This affected style of conversation
and writing, fashionable for some time in the court of
Elizabeth, had its origin from the fame of Lyly's books,
``Euphues, or the Anatomy of Wit,'' and ``Euphues and his
England.''] (Rhet.)
An affectation of excessive elegance and refinement of
language; high-flown diction.
Euphuist \Eu"phu*ist\, n.
One who affects excessive refinement and elegance of
language; -- applied esp. to a class of writers, in the age
of Elizabeth, whose productions are marked by affected
conceits and high-flown diction.
Euphuistic \Eu`phu*is"tic\, a.
Belonging to the euphuists, or euphuism; affectedly refined.
Euphuize \Eu"phu*ize\, v. t.
To affect excessive refinement in language; to be overnice in
expression.
Eupione \Eu"pi*one\, n. [Gr. ? very fat; ? well + ? fat.]
(Chem.)
A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive
distillation of various vegetable and animal substances; --
specifically, an oil consisting largely of the higher
hydrocarbons of the paraffin series. [Written also {eupion}.]
Eupittone \Eu*pit"tone\, n. [Pref. eu- + pittacal + -one.]
(Chem.)
A yellow, crystalline substance, resembling aurin, and
obtained by the oxidation of pittacal; -- called also
{eupittonic acid}. [Written also {eupitton}.]
Eupittonic \Eu`pit*ton"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, eupittone.
Euplastic \Eu*plas"tic\, a. [Pref. eu- + -plastic.] (Med.)
Having the capacity of becoming organizable in a high degree,
as the matter forming the false membranes which sometimes
result from acute inflammation in a healthy person.
--Dunglison.
Euplastic \Eu*plas"tic\, n. (Med.)
Organizable substance by which the tissues of an animal body
are renewed.
Euplectella \Eu`plec*tel"la\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? well plaited; ?
well + ? plaited.] (Zo["o]l)
A genus of elegant, glassy sponges, consisting of interwoven
siliceous fibers, and growing in the form of a cornucopia; --
called also {Venus's flower-basket}.
Euplexoptera \Eu`plex*op"te*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. ?. ? well + ?
to plait + ? a wing.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of insects, including the earwig. The anterior wings
are short, in the form of elytra, while the posterior wings
fold up beneath them. See {Earwig}.
Eupnaea \Eup*n[ae]"a\, n. [NL., fr. gr. ? easy breathing; ? well
+ ? to breathe.] (Physiol.)
Normal breathing where arterialization of the blood is
normal, in distinction from dyspn[ae]a, in which the blood is
insufficiently arterialized. --Foster.
Eupryion \Eu*pry"i*on\, n. [Gr. ? well + ? fire.]
A contrivance for obtaining a light instantaneous, as a
lucifer match. --Brande & C.
Eurasian \Eu*ra"sian\, n. [European + Asian.]
1. A child of a European parent on the one side and an
Asiatic on the other.
2. One born of European parents in Asia.
Eurasian \Eu*ra"sian\, a.
Of European and Asiatic descent; of or pertaining to both
Europe and Asia; as, the great Eurasian plain.
Eurasiatio \Eu*ra`si*at"io\, a. (Geog.)
Of or pertaining to the continents of Europe and Asia
combined.
Eureka \Eu*re"ka\ [Gr. ? I have found, perfect indicative of ?
to find.]
The exclamation attributed to Archimedes, who is said to have
cried out ``Eureka! eureka!'' (I have found it! I have found
it!), upon suddenly discovering a method of finding out how
much the gold of King Hiero's crown had been alloyed. Hence,
an expression of triumph concerning a discovery.
Eurhipidurous \Eu*rhip`i*du"rous\, a. [Gr. ? well + ? a fan + ?
a tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having a fanlike tail; belonging to the Eurhipidur[ae], a
division of Aves which includes all living birds.
Euripize \Eu"ri*pize\, v. t. [See {Euripus}.]
To whirl hither and thither. [Obs.]
Euripus \Eu*ri"pus\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; ? well + ? a rushing
motion.]
A strait; a narrow tract of water, where the tide, or a
current, flows and reflows with violence, as the ancient
fright of this name between Eub[ae]a and B[ae]otia. Hence, a
flux and reflux. --Burke.
Euritte \Eu"ritte\, n. [Cf. F. eurite.] (Min.)
A compact feldspathic rock; felsite. See {Felsite}.
Euritic \Eu*rit"ic\, a.
Of or pelating to eurite.
Euroclydon \Eu*roc"ly*don\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ? the southeast
wind + ? wave, billow; according to another reading, ?, i. e.
a north-east wind, as in the Latin Vulgate Euro-aquilo.]
A tempestuous northeast wind which blows in the
Mediterranean. See {Levanter}.
A tempestuous wind called Euroclydon. --Acts xxvii.
14.
European \Eu`ro*pe"an\, a. [L. europeaus, Gr. ?, fr. Gr. ? (L.
europa.)]
Of or pertaining to Europe, or to its inhabitants.
{On the European plan}, having rooms to let, and leaving it
optional with guests whether they will take meals in the
house; -- said of hotels. [U. S.]
European \Eu`ro*pe"an\, n.
A native or an inhabitant of Europe.
Europeanize \Eu`ro*pe"an*ize\, v. t.
To cause to become like the Europeans in manners or
character; to habituate or accustom to European usages.
A state of society . . . changed and Europeanized.
--Lubbock.
Eurus \Eu"rus\, n. [L., gr. ?.]
The east wind.
Euryale \Eu*ry"a*le\, n. [NL., fr. Euryale, one of the Gorgons.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of water lilies, growing in India and
China. The only species ({E. ferox}) is very prickly on
the peduncles and calyx. The rootstocks and seeds are used
as food.
2. (Zo["o]l) A genus of ophiurans with much-branched arms.
Euryalida \Eu`ry*al"i*da\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of Ophiuroidea, including the genera Euryale,
Astrophyton, etc. They generally have the arms branched. See
{Astrophyton}.
Eurycerous \Eu*ryc"er*ous\, a. [Gr. ? broad + ? horn.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having broad horns.
Eurypteroid \Eu*ryp"ter*oid\, a. [Eurypterus + -oid.] (Paleon.)
Like, or pertaining to, the genus Euryperus.
Eurypteroidea \Eu*ryp`te*roi"de*a\, n. pl. [NL. See
{Eurypteroid}.] (Paleont.)
An extinct order of Merostomata, of which the genus
Eurypterus is the type. They are found only in Paleozoic
rocks. [Written also {Eurypterida}.]
Eurypterus \Eu*ryp"te*rus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? broad + ? a
wing.] (Paleon.)
A genus of extinct Merostomata, found in Silurian rocks. Some
of the species are more than three feet long.
Eurythmy \Eu"ryth*my\, n. [L. eurythmia, Gr. ?; ? well + ?
rhythm, measure, proportion, symmetry: cf. F. eurythmie.]
1. (Fine Arts) Just or harmonious proportion or movement, as
in the composition of a poem, an edifice, a painting, or a
statue.
2. (Med.) Regularly of the pulse.
Eusebian \Eu*se"bi*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Eusebius, bishop of C[ae]sarea, who was a
friend and protector of Arius.
Eustachian \Eu*sta"chi*an\, a. [From Eustachi, a learned Italian
physician who died in Rome, 1574.] (Anat.)
(a) Discovered by Eustachius.
(b) Pertaining to the Eustachian tube; as, Eustachian
catheter.
{Eustachian catheter}, a tubular instrument to be introduced
into the Eustachian tube so as to allow of inflation of
the middle ear through the nose or mouth.
{Eustrachian tube} (Anat.), a passage from the tympanum of
the ear to the pharynx. See {Ear}.
{Eustachian valve} (Anat.), a crescent-shaped fold of the
lining membrane of the heart at the entrance of the vena
cava inferior. It directs the blood towards the left
auricle in the fetus, but is rudimentary and functionless
in the adult.
Eustyle \Eu"style`\, n. [Gr. ?, neut. of ? with pillars at the
best distances; ? well + ? pillar: cf. F. eustyle.] (Arch.)
See {Intercolumnlation}.
Eutaxy \Eu"tax*y\, n. [Gr. ?; ? well + ? arrangement: cf. F.
eutaxie.]
Good or established order or arrangement. [R.] --E.
Waterhouse.
Euterpe \Eu*ter"pe\ [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? delightful; ? well + ?
to delight.]
1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse who presided over music.
2. (Bot.) A genus of palms, some species of which are elegant
trees.
Euterpean \Eu*ter"pe*an\a.
Of or pertaining to Euterpe or to music.
Euthanasia \Eu`tha*na"si*a\n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ? well + ? death,
?, ?, to die: cf. F. euthanasie.]
An easy death; a mode of dying to be desired. ``An euthanasia
of all thought.'' --Hazlitt.
The kindest wish of my friends is euthanasia.
--Arbuthnot.
Euthanasy \Eu*than"a*sy\, n.
Same as {Euthanasia}.
Euthiochroic \Eu`thi*o*chro"ic\, a. [Gr. ? well + ? sulphur + ?
color.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid so called.
{Euthiochroic acid} (Chem.), a complex derivative of
hydroquinone and sulphonic (thionic) acid. -- so called
because it contains sulphur, and forms brilliantly colored
(yellow) salts.
Euthyneura \Eu`thy*neu"ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? straight + ?
a nerve.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large division of gastropod molluske, including the
Pulmonifera and Opisthobranchiata.
Eutrophy \Eu"tro*phy\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? nourishing, healthy; ?
well + ? to nourish.] (Med.)
Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive
functions.
Eutychian \Eu*tych"i*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Eutyches [5th century], who held that the
divine and the human in the person of Christ were blended
together as to constitute but one nature; a monophysite; --
opposed to Nestorian.
Eutychianism \Eu*tych"i*an*ism\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
The doctrine of Eutyches and his followers.
Euxanthic \Eux*an"thic\a. (Chem.)
Having a yellow color; pertaining to, derived from, or
resembling, euxanthin.
{Euxanthic acid} (Chem.), a yellow, crystalline, organic
acid, extracted from euxanthin.
Euxanthin \Eux*an"thin\, n. [Gr. ? well + ? yellow.] (Chem.)
A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a
strong odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of
herbivorous animals when fed on the mango. It consists if a
magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Called also {puri},
{purree}, and {Indian yellow}.
Euxenite \Eux"e*nite\, n. [Gr. ? hospitable. So named because it
contains a number of rare elements.] (Min.)
A brownish black mineral with a metallic luster, found in
Norway. It contains niobium, titanium, yttrium, and uranium,
with some other metals.
Evacate \E*va"cate\, v. t. [Pref. e- + vacate.]
To empty. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Evacuant \E*vac"u*ant\, a. [L. evacuans, -antis, p. pr. of
evacuare: cf. F. ['e]vacuant.]
Emptying; evacuative; purgative; cathartic. -- n. (Med.) A
purgative or cathartic.
Evacuate \E*vac"u*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evacuated}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Evacuating}.] [l. evacuatus, p. p. of evacuare to
empty, nullify; e out + vacuus empty, vacare to be empty. See
{Vacate}.]
1. To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of;
as, to evacuate a vessel or dish.
2. Fig.: To make empty; to deprive. [R.]
Evacuate the Scriptures of their most important
meaning. --Coleridge.
3. To remove; to eject; to void; to discharge, as the
contents of a vessel, or of the bowels.
4. To withdraw from; to quit; to retire from; as, soldiers
from a country, city, or fortress.
The Norwegians were forced to evacuate the country.
--Burke.
5. To make void; to nullify; to vacate; as, to evacuate a
contract or marriage. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Evacuate \E*vac"u*ate\, v. i.
To let blood [Obs.] --Burton.
Evacuation \E*vac`u*a"tion\, n. [L. evacuatio: cf. F.
['e]vacuation.]
1. The act of emptying, clearing of the contents, or
discharging. Specifically:
(a) (Mil.) Withdrawal of troops from a town, fortress,
etc.
(b) (Med.) Voidance of any matter by the natural passages
of the body or by an artificial opening; defecation;
also, a diminution of the fluids of an animal body by
cathartics, venesection, or other means.
2. That which is evacuated or discharged; especially, a
discharge by stool or other natural means. --Quincy.
3. Abolition; nullification. [Obs.] --Hooker.
{Evacuation day}, the anniversary of the day on which the
British army evacuated the city of New York, November 25,
1783.
Evacuative \E*vac"u*a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]vacuatif.]
Serving of tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative.
Evacuator \E*vac"u*a`tor\, n.
One who evacuates; a nullifier. ``Evacuators of the law.''
--Hammond.
Evacuatory \E*vac"u*a*to*ry\, n.
A purgative.
Evade \E*vade"\ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evaded}; p. pr. & vb.
n.. {Evading}.] [L. evadere, evasum, e out + vadere to go,
walk: cf. F. s'['e]vader. See {Wade}.]
To get away from by artifice; to avoid by dexterity,
subterfuge, address, or ingenuity; to elude; to escape from
cleverly; as, to evade a blow, a pursuer, a punishment; to
evade the force of an argument.
The heathen had a method, more truly their own, of
evading the Christian miracles. --Trench.
Evade \E*vade"\, v. t.
1. To escape; to slip away; -- sometimes with from. ``Evading
from perils.'' --Bacon.
Unarmed they might Have easily, as spirits evaded
swift By quick contraction or remove. --Milton.
2. To attempt to escape; to practice artifice or sophistry,
for the purpose of eluding.
The ministers of God are not to evade and take
refuge any of these . . . ways. --South.
Syn: To equivocate; shuffle. See {Prevaricate}.
Evadible \E*vad"i*ble\, a.
Capable of being evaded. [R.]
Evagation \Ev`a*ga"tion\, n. [L. evagatio, fr. evagari to wander
forth: cf. F. ['e]vagation. See {Vagary}.]
A wandering about; excursion; a roving. [R.] --Ray.
Evagination \E*vag`i*na"tion\, n. [L. evaginatio an extending,
evaginare to unsheathe; e out + vagina sheath.]
The act of unsheathing.
Eval \E"val\ ([=e]"val), a. [L. aevum lifetime, age, eternity.]
Relating to time or duration. [Obs.]
Evaluate \E*val"u*ate\, v. t. [See {Evaluation}.]
To fix the value of; to rate; to appraise.
Evaluation \E*val`u*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]valuation, LL.
evaluatio.]
Valuation; appraisement. --J. S. Mill.
Evanesce \Ev`a*nesce"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Evanesced}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Evanescing}. .] [L. evanescere; e out + vanescere
to vanish, fr. vanus empty, vain. See {Vain}, and cf.
{Evanish}.]
To vanish away; to become dissipated and disappear, like
vapor.
I believe him to have evanesced or evaporated. --De
Quincey.
Evanescence \Ev`a*nes"cence\, n.
The act or state of vanishing away; disappearance; as, the
evanescence of vapor, of a dream, of earthly plants or hopes.
--Rambler.
Evanescent \Ev`a*nes"cent\, a. [L. evanescens, -entis, p. pr. of
evanescere.]
1. Liable to vanish or pass away like vapor; vanishing;
fleeting; as, evanescent joys.
So evanescent are the fashions of the world in these
particulars. --Hawthorne.
2. Vanishing from notice; imperceptible.
The difference between right and wrong, is some
petty cases, is almost evanescent. --Wollaston.
Evanescently \Ev`a*nes"cent*ly\, adv. In a vanishing manner
; imperceptibly. --Chalmers.
Evangel \E*van"gel\, n. [F. ['e]vangile, L. evangelium, Gr. ?
good news, glad tidings, gospel, fr. ? bringing good news; ?
well + ? to bear a message. See {Eu-}, and cf. {Evangely}.]
Good news; announcement of glad tidings; especially, the
gospel, or a gospel. --Milton.
Her funeral anthem is a glad evangel. --Whittier.
Evangelian \E`van*ge"li*an\, a.
Rendering thanks for favors.
Evangelic \E`van*gel"ic\, a. [L. evangelicus, Gr. ?: cf. F.
['e]vang['e]lique. See {Evangel}.]
Belonging to, or contained in, the gospel; evangelical.
``Evangelic truth.'' --J. Foster.
Evangelical \E`van*gel"ic*al\, a.
1. Contained in, or relating to, the four Gospels; as, the
evangelical history.
2. Belonging to, agreeable or consonant to, or contained in,
the gospel, or the truth taught in the New Testament; as,
evangelical religion.
3. Earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; strict in
interpreting Christian doctrine; pre["e]minetly orthodox;
-- technically applied to that party in the Church of
England, and in the Protestant Episcopal Church, which
holds the doctrine of ``Justification by Faith alone'';
the Low Church party. The term is also applied to other
religion bodies not regarded as orthodox.
{Evangelical Alliance}, an alliance for mutual strengthening
and common work, comprising Christians of different
denominations and countries, organized in Liverpool,
England, in 1845.
{Evangelical Church}.
(a) The Protestant Church in Germany.
(b) A church founded by a fusion of Lutherans and
Calvinists in Germany in 1817.
{Evangelical Union}, a religion sect founded in Scotland in
1843 by the Rev. James Morison; -- called also
{Morisonians}.
Evangelical \E`van*gel"ic*al\, n.
One of evangelical principles.
Evangelicalism \E`van*gel"ic*al*ism\, n.
Adherence to evangelical doctrines; evangelism. --G. Eliot.
Evangelically \E`van*gel"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In an evangelical manner.
Evangelicalness \E`van*gel"ic*al*ness\, n.
State of being evangelical.
Evangelicism \E`van*gel"i*cism\n.
Evangelical principles; evangelism.
Evangelicity \E*van`ge*lic"i*ty\, n.
Evangelicism.
Evangelism \E*van"gel*ism\n.
The preaching or promulgation of the gospel. --Bacon.
Evangelist \E*van"gel*ist\, n. [F. ['e]vang['e]liste, L.
evangelista, fr. Gr. ?.]
A bringer of the glad tidings of Church and his doctrines.
Specially:
(a) A missionary preacher sent forth to prepare the way for a
resident pastor; an itinerant missionary preacher.
(b) A writer of one of the four Gospels (With the definite
article); as, the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke,
and John.
(c) A traveling preacher whose efforts are chiefly directed
to arouse to immediate repentance.
The Apostles, so far as they evangelized, might
claim the tittle though there were many evangelists
who were not Apistles. --Plumptre.
Evangelistary \E*van`gel*is"ta*ry\, n. [LL. evangelistarium.]
A selection of passages from the Gospels, as a lesson in
divine service. --Porson.
Evangelistic \E*van`gel*is"tic\, a.
Pertaining to the four evangelists; designed or fitted to
evangelize; evangelical; as, evangelistic efforts.
Evangelization \E*van`gel*i*za"tion\n.
The act of evangelizing; the state of being evangelized.
The work of Christ's ministers is evangelization.
--Hobbes.
Evangelize \E*van"gel*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evangelized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Evangelizing}]. [F. ['e]vang['e]lisre, LL.
evangelizare, fr. Gr. ?.]
To instruct in the gospel; to preach the gospel to; to
convert to Christianity; as, to evangelize the world.
His apostles whom he sends To evangelize the nations.
--Milton.
Evangelize \E*van"gel*ize\, v. i.
To preach the gospel.
Evangely \E*van"ge*ly\, n.
Evangel. [Obs.]
The sacred pledge of Christ's evangely. --Spenser.
Evangile \E*van"gile\, n. [F. ['e]vangile. See {Evangel}.]
Good tidings; evangel. [R.]
Above all, the Servians . . . read, with much avidity,
the evangile of their freedom. --Londor.
Evanid \E*van"id\, a. [L. evanidus, fr. evanescere. See
{Evanesce}.]
Liable to vanish or disappear; faint; weak; evanescent; as,
evanid color. [Obs.]
They are very transistory and evanid. --Barrow.
Evanish \E*van"ish\, v. i. [Pref. e- + vanish: cf. L.
evanescere. See {Evanesce}, {vanish}.]
To vanish.
Or like the rainbow's lovely form, Evanishing amid the
storm. --Burns.
Evanishment \E*van"ish*ment\, n.
A vanishing; disappearance. [R.] --T. Jefferson.
Evaporable \E*vap"o*ra*ble\, a.
Capable of being converted into vapor, or dissipated by
evaporation.
Evaporate \E*vap"o*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evaporated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Evaporating}.] [L. evaporatus, p. p. of
evaporare; e out + vapor steam or vapor. See {Vapor}.]
1. To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to escape and be
dissipated, either in visible vapor, or in practice too
minute to be visible.
2. To escape or pass off without effect; to be dissipated; to
be wasted, as, the spirit of writer often evaporates in
the process of translation.
To give moderate liberty for griefs and discontents
to evaporate . . . is a safe way. --Bacon.
Evaporate \E*vap"o*rate\, v. t.
1. To convert from a liquid or solid state into vapor
(usually) by the agency of heat; to dissipate in vapor or
fumes.
2. To expel moisture from (usually by means of artificial
heat), leaving the solid portion; to subject to
evaporation; as, to evaporate apples.
3. To give vent to; to dissipate. [R.]
My lord of Essex evaporated his thoughts in a
sonnet. --Sir. H.
Wotton.
{Evaporating surface} (Steam Boilers), that part of the
heating surface with which water is in contact.
Evaporate \E*vap"o*rate\, a. [L. evaporatus, p. p.]
Dispersed in vapors. --Thomson.
Evaporation \E*vap`o*ra"tion\, n. [L. evaporatio: cf. F.
['e]vaporation.]
1. The process by which any substance is converted from a
liquid state into, and carried off in, vapor; as, the
evaporation of water, of ether, of camphor.
2. The transformation of a portion of a fluid into vapor, in
order to obtain the fixed matter contained in it in a
state of greater consistence.
3. That which is evaporated; vapor.
4. (Steam Engine) See {Vaporization}.
Evaporaive \E*vap"o*ra*ive\, a. [L. evaporatius: cf. F.
['e]vaporatif.]
Pertaining to, or producing, evaporation; as, the evaporative
process.
Evaporator \E*vap"o*ra`tor\, n.
An apparatus for condensing vegetable juices, or for drying
fruit by heat.
Evaporometer \E*vap`o*rom"e*ter\, n. [L. evaporare to evaporate
+ -meter: cf. F. ['e]vaporm[`e]tre.] (Physics)
An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid
evaporated in a given time; an atmometer.
Evasible \E*va"si*ble\, a.
That may be evaded. [R.]
Evasion \E*va"sion\, n. [L. evasio: cf. F. ['e]vasion. See
{Evade}.]
The act of eluding or avoiding, particularly the pressure of
an argument, accusation, charge, or interrogation; artful
means of eluding.
Thou . . . by evasions thy crime uncoverest more.
--Milton.
Syn: Shift; subterfuge; shuffling; prevarication;
equivocation.
Evasive \E*va"sive\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]vasif. See {Evade}.]
Tending to evade, or marked by evasion; elusive; shuffling;
avoiding by artifice.
Thus he, though conscious of the ethereal guest,
Answered evasive of the sly request. --Pope.
Stammered out a few evasive phrases. --Macaulay.
-- {E*va"sive*ly}, adv. -- {E*va"sive*ness}, n.
Eve \Eve\, n. [See {Even}, n.]
1. Evening. [Poetic]
Winter oft, at eve resumes the breeze. --Thomson.
2. The evening before a holiday, -- from the Jewish mode of
reckoning the day as beginning at sunset. not at midnight;
as, Christians eve is the evening before Christmas; also,
the period immediately preceding some important event.
``On the eve of death.'' --Keble.
{Eve churr} (Zo["o]l), the European goatsucker or nightjar;
-- called also {night churr}, and {churr owl}.
Evectics \E*vec"tics\, n. [Gr. ? healthy.]
The branch of medical science which teaches the method of
acquiring a good habit of body. [Obs.]
Evection \E*vec"tion\ [L. evectio a going up, fr. evehere to
carry out; e out + vehere to carry: cf. F ['e]vection.]
1. The act of carrying up or away; exaltation. [Obs.] --Bp.
Pearson.
2. (Astron.)
(a) An inequality of the moon's motion is its orbit to the
attraction of the sun, by which the equation of the
center is diminished at the syzygies, and increased at
the quadratures by about 1[deg] 20'.
(b) The libration of the moon. --Whewell.
Even \E"ven\n. [OE. eve, even, efen, [ae]fen. AS. [=ae]fen; akin
to OS. [=a]band, OFries, [=a]vend, D. avond, OHG. [=a]band,
Icel. aptan, Sw. afton, Dan. aften; of unknown origin. Cf.
{Eve}, {Evening}.]
Evening. See {Eve}, n. 1. [Poetic.] --Shak.
Even \E"ven\, a. [AS. efen. efn; akin to OS. eban, D. even, OHG.
eban, G. efen, Icel. jafn, Dan. jevn, Sw. j["a]mn, Goth.
ibns. Cf. {Anent}, {Ebb}.]
1. Level, smooth, or equal in surface; not rough; free from
irregularities; hence uniform in rate of motion of action;
as, even ground; an even speed; an even course of conduct.
2. Equable; not easily ruffed or disturbed; calm; uniformly
self-possessed; as, an even temper.
3. Parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit.
And shall lay thee even with the ground. --Luke xix.
44.
4. Balanced; adjusted; fair; equitable; impartial; just to
both side; owing nothing on either side; -- said of
accounts, bargains, or persons indebted; as, our accounts
are even; an even bargain.
To make the even truth in pleasure flow. --Shak.
5. Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure. ``I know
my life so even.'' --Shak.
6. Associate; fellow; of the same condition. [Obs.] ``His
even servant.'' --Wyclif (Matt. xviii. 29).
7. Not odd; capable of division by two without a remainder;
-- said of numbers; as, 4 and 10 are even numbers.
Whether the number of the stars is even or odd.
--Jer. Taylor.
{On even ground}, with equal advantage.
{On even keel} (Naut.), in a level or horizontal position.
Even \E"ven\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evened}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Evening}]
1. To make even or level; to level; to lay smooth.
His temple Xerxes evened with the soil. --Sir. W.
Raleigh.
It will even all inequalities --Evelyn.
2. To equal [Obs.] ``To even him in valor.'' --Fuller.
3. To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a
state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance,
as accounts; to make quits. --Shak.
4. To set right; to complete.
5. To act up to; to keep pace with. --Shak.
Even \E"ven\, v. i.
To be equal. [Obs.] --R. Carew.
Even \E"ven\, adv. [AS. efne. See {Even}, a., and cf. {E'en}.]
1. In an equal or precisely similar manner; equally;
precisely; just; likewise; as well. ``Is it even so?''
--Shak.
Even so did these Gauls possess the coast.
--Spenser.
2. Up to, or down to, an unusual measure or level; so much
as; fully; quite.
Thou wast a soldier Even to Cato's wish. --Shak.
Without . . . making us even sensible of the change.
--Swift.
3. As might not be expected; -- serving to introduce what is
unexpected or less expected.
I have made several discoveries, which appear new,
even to those who are versed in critical learning.
--Addison.
4. At the very time; in the very case.
I knew they were had enough to please, even when I
wrote them. --Dryden.
Note: Even is sometimes used to emphasize a word or phrase.
``I have debated even in my soul.'' --Shak.
By these presence, even the presence of Lord
Mortimer. --Shak.
Evene \E*vene"\, v. i. [L. evenire. See {Event}.]
To happen. [Obs.] --Hewyt.
Evener \E"ven*er\, n.
1. One who, or that which makes even.
2. In vehicles, a swinging crossbar, to the ends of which
other crossbars, or whiffletrees, are hung, to equalize
the draught when two or three horses are used abreast.
Evenfall \E"ven*fall`\, n.
Beginning of evening. ``At the quiet evenfall.'' --Tennyson.
Evenhand \E"ven*hand`\, n.
Equality. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Evenhanded \E"ven*hand`ed\, a.
Fair or impartial; unbiased. ``Evenhanded justice.'' --Shak.
-- {E"ven*hand`ed*ly}, adv. -- {E"ven*hand`ed*ness}, n. ?.
Evening \E"ven*ing\, n. [AS. [=ae]fnung. See {even}, n., and cf.
{Eve}.]
1. The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of
darkness or night; properly, the decline of the day, or of
the sum.
In the ascending scale Of heaven, the stars that
usher evening rose. --Milton.
Note: Sometimes, especially in the Southern parts of the
United States, the afternoon is called evening.
--Bartlett.
2. The latter portion, as of life; the declining period, as
of strength or glory.
Note: Sometimes used adjectively; as, evening gun. ``Evening
Prayer.'' --Shak.
{Evening flower} (Bot.), a genus of iridaceous plants
({Hesperantha}) from the Cape of Good Hope, with
sword-shaped leaves, and sweet-scented flowers which
expand in the evening.
{Evening grosbeak} (Zo["o]l.), an American singing bird
({Coccothraustes vespertina}) having a very large bill.
Its color is olivaceous, with the crown, wings, and tail
black, and the under tail coverts yellow. So called
because it sings in the evening.
{Evening primrose}. See under {Primrose}.
{The evening star}, the bright star of early evening in the
western sky, soon passing below the horizon; specifically,
the planet Venus; -- called also {Vesper} and {Hesperus}.
During portions of the year, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are
also evening stars. See {Morning Star}.
Evenly \E"ven*ly\, adv.
With an even, level, or smooth surface; without roughness,
elevations, or depression; uniformly; equally; comfortably;
impartially; serenely.
Evenminded \E"ven*mind`ed\, a.
Having equanimity.
Evenness \E"ven*ness\, n.
The state of being ven, level, or disturbed; smoothness;
horizontal position; uniformity; impartiality; calmness;
equanimity; appropriate place or level; as, evenness of
surface, of a fluid at rest, of motion, of dealings, of
temper, of condition.
It had need be something extraordinary, that must
warrant an ordinary person to rise higher than his own
evenness. --Jer. Taylor.
Evensong \E"ven*song`\, n. [AS. [=ae]fensang.]
A song for the evening; the evening service or form of
worship (in the Church of England including vespers and
compline); also, the time of evensong. --Wyclif. Milton.
Event \E*vent"\, n. [L. eventus, fr. evenire to happen, come
out; e out + venire to come. See {Come}.]
1. That which comes, arrives, or happens; that which falls
out; any incident, good or bad. ``The events of his early
years.'' --Macaulay.
To watch quietly the course of events. --Jowett
(Thucyd. )
There is one event to the righteous, and to the
wicked. --Eccl. ix. 2.
2. An affair in hand; business; enterprise. [Obs.] ``Leave we
him to his events.'' --Shak.
3. The consequence of anything; the issue; conclusion;
result; that in which an action, operation, or series of
operations, terminates.
Dark doubts between the promise and event. --Young.
Syn: Incident; occurrence; adventure; issue; result;
termination; consequence; conclusion.
Usage: {Event}, {Occurrence}, {Incident}, {Circumstance}. An
event denotes that which arises from a preceding state
of things. Hence we speak or watching the event; of
tracing the progress of events. An occurrence has no
reference to any antecedents, but simply marks that
which meets us in our progress through life, as if by
chance, or in the course of divine providence. The
things which thus meet us, if important, are usually
connected with antecedents; and hence event is the
leading term. In the ``Declaration of Independence''
it is said, ``When, in the cource of human events, it
becomes necessary.'' etc. Here, occurrences would be
out of place. An incident is that which falls into a
state of things to which is does not primarily belong;
as, the incidents of a journey. The term is usually
applied to things of secondary importance. A
circumstance is one of the things surrounding us in
our path of life. These may differ greatly in
importance; but they are always outsiders, which
operate upon us from without, exerting greater or less
influence according to their intrinsic importance. A
person giving an account of a campaign might dwell on
the leading events which it produced; might mention
some of its striking occurrences; might allude to some
remarkable incidents which attended it; and might give
the details of the favorable or adverse circumstances
which marked its progress.
Event \E*vent"\, v. t. [F. ['e]venter to fan, divulge, LL.
eventare to fan, fr., L. e out + ventus wind.]
To break forth. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Eventerate \E*ven"ter*ate\, v. t. [L. e out + venter the belly:
cf. F. ['e]venter.]
To rip open; todisembowel. [Obs.] --Sir. T. Brown.
Eventful \E*vent"ful\a.
Full of, or rich in, events or incidents; as, an eventful
journey; an eventful period of history; an eventful period of
life.
Eventide \E"ven*tide`\n. [AS. [=ae]fent[=i]d. See {Tide}.]
The time of evening; evening. [Poetic.] --Spenser.
Eventilate \E*ven"ti*late\, v. t. [L. eventilatus, p. p. of
eventilare to fan. See {Ventilate}.]
1. To winnow out; to fan. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
2. To discuss; to ventilate. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Eventilation \E*ven`ti*la"tion\, n.
The act of eventilating; discussion. [Obs.] --Bp. Berkely.
Eventless \E*vent"less\, a.
Without events; tame; monotomous; marked by nothing unusual;
uneventful.
Eventognathi \Ev`en*tog"na*thi\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Dr. ? well + ?
within ? the jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of fishes including a vast number of freshwater
species such as the carp, loach, chub, etc.
Eventration \E`ven*tra*tion\, n. [L. e out + venter belly.]
(Med.)
(a) A tumor containing a large portion of the abdominal
viscera, occasioned by relaxation of the walls of the
abdomen.
(b) A wound, of large extent, in the abdomen, through which
the greater part of the intestines protrude.
(c) The act af disemboweling.
Eventtual \E*vent"tu*al\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]ventiel. See {Event}.]
1. Coming or happening as a consequence or result;
consequential. --Burke.
2. Final; ultimate. ``Eventual success.'' --Cooper.
3. (Law) Dependent on events; contingent. --Marshall.
Eventuality \E*ven`tu*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Eventualities}. [Cf. F.
['e]ventualit['e].]
1. The coming as a consequence; contingency; also, an event
which comes as a consequence.
2. (Phren.) Disposition to take cognizance of events.
Eventually \E*ven"tu*al*ly\, adv.
In an eventual manner; finally; ultimately.
Eventuate \E*ven"tu*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Eventuated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Eventuating}.]
To come out finally or in conclusion; to result; to come to
pass.
Eventuation \E*ven`tu*a"tion\, n.
The act of eventuating or happening as a result; the outcome.
--R. W. Hamilton.
Ever \Ev"er\adv. [OE. ever, [ae]fre, AS. [ae]fre; perh. akin to
AS. [=a] always. Cf. {Aye}, {Age},{Evry}, {Never}.]
[Sometimes contracted into {e'er}.]
1. At any time; at any period or point of time.
No man ever yet hated his own flesh. --Eph. v. 29.
2. At all times; through all time; always; forever.
He shall ever love, and always be The subject of by
scorn and cruelty. --Dryder.
3. Without cessation; continually.
Note: Ever is sometimes used as an intensive or a word of
enforcement. ``His the old man e'er a son?'' --Shak.
To produce as much as ever they can. --M. Arnold.
{Ever and anon}, now and then; often. See under {Anon}.
{Ever is one}, continually; constantly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{Ever so}, in whatever degree; to whatever extent; -- used to
intensify indefinitely the meaning of the associated
adjective or adverb. See {Never so}, under {Never}. ``Let
him be ever so rich.'' --Emerson.
And all the question (wrangle e'er so long), Is only
this, if God has placed him wrong. --Pope.
You spend ever so much money in entertaining your
equals and betters. --Thackeray.
{For ever}, eternally. See {Forever}.
{For ever and a day}, emphatically forever. --Shak.
She [Fortune] soon wheeled away, with scornful
laughter, out of sight for ever and day. --Prof.
Wilson.
{Or ever} (for or ere), before. See {Or}, {ere}. [Archaic]
Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Or ever I
had seen that day, Horatio! --Shak.
Note: Ever is sometimes joined to its adjective by a hyphen,
but in most cases the hyphen is needless; as, ever
memorable, ever watchful, ever burning.
Everduring \Ev`er*dur"ing\a.
Everlasting. --Shak.
Everglade \Ev`er*glade\, n.
A swamp or low tract of land inundated with water and
interspersed with hummocks, or small islands, and patches of
high grass; as, the everglades of Florida. [U. S.]
Evergreen \Ev"er*green\a. (Bot.)
Remaining unwithered through the winter, or retaining
unwithered leaves until the leaves of the next year are
expanded, as pines cedars, hemlocks, and the like.
Evergreen \Ev"er*green\, n.
1. (Bot.) An evergreen plant.
2. pl. Twigs and branches of evergreen plants used for
decoration. ``The funeral evengreens entwine.'' --Keble.
Everich \Ev"er*ich\, Everych \Ev"er*ych\, a. [OE. see {Every}.]
each one; every one; each of two. See {Every}. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Everichon \Ev`er*ich*on"\, Everychon \Ev`er*ych*on"\, pron. [OE.
everich + oon, on, one. See {Every}, and {One}.]
Every one. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Everlasting \Ever*last"ing\a.
1. Lasting or enduring forever; exsisting or continuing
without end; immoral; eternal. ``The Everlasting God.''
--Gen. xx1. 33.
2. Continuing indefinitely, or during a long period;
perpetual; sometimes used, colloquially, as a strong
intensive; as, this everlasting nonsence.
I will give to thee, and to thy seed after thee . .
. the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession.
--Gen xvii. 8.
And heard thy everlasting yawn confess The pains and
penalties of idleness. --Pope.
Syn: Eternal; immortal, interminable; endless; never-ending;
infinite; unceasing; uninterrupted; continual;
unintermitted; incessant.
Usage: - {Everlasting}, {Eternal}. Eternal denotes (when
taken strictly) without beginning or end of duration;
everlasting is sometimes used in our version of the
Scriptures in the sense of eternal, but in modern
usage is confined to the future, and implies no
intermission as well as no end.
Whether we shall meet again I know not;
Therefore our everlasting farewell take;
Forever, and forever farewell, Cassius. --Shak.
{Everlasting flower}. Sane as {Everlasting}, n., 3.
{Everlasting pea}, an ornamental plant ({Lathyrus
latifolius}) related to the pea; -- so called because it
is perennial.
Enerlasting \En`er*last"ing\, n.
1. Eternal duration, past of future; eternity.
From everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. --Ps.
xc. 2.
2. (With the definite article) The Eternal Being; God.
3. (Bot.) A plant whose flowers may be dried without losing
their form or color, as the pearly everlasting ({Anaphalis
margaritacea}), the immortelle of the French, the
cudweeds, etc.
4. A cloth fabic for shoes, etc. See {Lasting}.
Everlastingly \Ev`er*last"ing*ly\, adv.
In an everlasting manner.
Everlastingness \Ev`er*last"ing*ness\, n.
The state of being everlasting; endless duration; indefinite
duration.
Everliving \Ev`er*liv"ing\, a.
1. Living always; immoral; eternal; as, the everliving God.
2. Continual; incessant; unintermitted.
Evermore \Ev`er*more"\, adv.
During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period;
at all times; -- often used substantively with for.
Seek the Lord . . . Seek his face evermore. --Ps. cv.
4.
And, behold, I am alive for evermore. --Rev. i. 18.
Which flow from the presence of God for evermore.
--Tillotson.
I evermore did love you, Hermia. --Shak.
Evernic \E*ver"nic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to Evernia, a genus of lichens; as, evernic acid.
Everse \E*verse"\, v. t. [L. eversus, p. p. of evertere to turn
out, overthrow; e out + vertere to turn. Cf. {Evert}.]
To overthrow or subvert. [Obs.] --Glanvill.
Eversion \E*ver"sion\, n. [L. eversio: cf. F. ['e]version.]
1. The act of eversing; destruction. --Jer. Taylor.
2. The state of being turned back or outward; as, eversion of
eyelids; ectropium.
Eversive \E*ver"sive\, a.
Tending to evert or overthrow; subversive; with of.
A maxim eversive . . . of all justice and morality.
--Geddes.
Evert \E*vert"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Everted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Everting}.] [L. evertere. See {Everse}.]
1. To overthrow; to subvert. [R.] --Ayliffe.
2. To turn outwards, or inside out, as an intestine.
Every \Ev"er*y\, a. & a. pron. [OE. everich, everilk; AS. ?fre
ever + [ae]lc each. See {Ever}, {each}.]
1. All the parts which compose a whole collection or
aggregate number, considered in their individuality, all
taken separately one by one, out of an indefinite bumber.
Every man at his best state is altogether vanity.
--Ps. xxxix.
5.
Every door and window was adorned with wreaths of
flowers. --Macaulay.
2. Every one. Cf. {Each}. [Obs.] ``Every of your wishes.''
--Shak.
Daily occasions given to every of us. --Hooker.
{Every each}, every one. [Obs.] ``Every each of them hath
some vices.'' --Burton..
{Every now and then}, at short intervals; occasionally;
repeatedly; frequently. [Colloq.]
Note: Every may, by way of emphasis, precede the article the
with a superlative adjective; as, every, the least
variation. --Locke.
Syn: {Every}, {Each}, {Any}.
Usage: Any denotes one, or some, taken indifferently from the
individuals which compose a class. Every differs from
each in giving less promonence to the selection of the
individual. Each relates to two or more individuals of
a class. It refers definitely to every one of them,
denoting that they are considered separately, one by
one, all being included; as, each soldier was
receiving a dollar per day. Every relates to more than
two and brings into greater prominence the notion that
not one of all considered is excepted; as, every
soldier was on service, except the cavalry, that is,
all the soldiers, etc.
In each division there were four pentecosties,
in every pentecosty four enomoties, and of each
enomoty there fought in the front rank four
[soldiers]. --Jowett
(Thucyd. ).
If society is to be kept together and the
children of Adam to be saved from setting up
each for himself with every one else his foe.
--J. H.
Newman.
Everybody \Ev"er*y*bod`y\, n.
Every person.
Everyday \Ev"er*y*day`\, a.
Used or fit for every day; common; usual; as, an everyday
suit or clothes.
The mechanical drudgery of his everyday employment.
--Sir. J.
Herchel.
Everyone \Ev"er*y*one`\, n. [OE. everychon.]
Everybody; -- commonly separated, every one.
Everything \Ev"er*y*thing`\, n.
Whatever pertains to the subject under consideration; all
things.
More wise, more learned, more just, more everything.
--Pope.
Everywhen \Ev"er*y*when`\, adv.
At any or all times; every instant. [R.] ``Eternal law is
silently present everywhere and everywhen.'' --Carlyle.
Everywhere \Ev"er*y*where`\, adv.
In every place; in all places; hence, in every part;
throughly; altogether.
Everywhereness \Ev"er*y*where`ness\, n.
Ubiquity; omnipresence. [R.] --Grew.
Evesdrop \Eves"drop`\, v. i.
See {Eavesdrop}.
Evesdropper \Eves"drop`per\, n.
See {Eavesdropper}.
Evestigate \E*ves"ti*gate\, v. t. [L. evestigatus traced out; e
out + vestigatus, p. p. of vestigare. See {Vestigate}.]
To investigate. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Evet \Ev"et\, n. [See {Eft}, n.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common newt or eft. In America often applied to several
species of aquatic salamanders. [Written also {evat}.]
Evibrate \E*vi"brate\, v. t. & i. [L. evibrare. See {Vibrate}.]
To vibrate. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Evict \E*vict"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evicted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Evicting}.] [L. evictus, p. p. of evincere to overcome
completely, evict. See {Evince}.]
1. (Law) To dispossess by a judicial process; to dispossess
by paramount right or claim of such right; to eject; to
oust.
The law of England would speedily evict them out of
their possession. --Sir. J.
Davies.
2. To evince; to prove. [Obs.] --Cheyne.
Eviction \E*vic"tion\, n. [L. evictio: cf. F. ['e]viction.]
1. The act or process of evicting; or state of being evicted;
the recovery of lands, tenements, etc., from another's
possession by due course of law; dispossession by
paramount title or claim of such title; ejectment; ouster.
2. Conclusive evidence; proof. [Obs.]
Full eviction of this fatal truth. --South.
Evidence \Ev"i*dence\, n. [F. ['e]vidence, L. Evidentia. See
{Evident}.]
1. That which makes evident or manifest; that which
furnishes, or tends to furnish, proof; any mode of proof;
the ground of belief or judgement; as, the evidence of our
senses; evidence of the truth or falsehood of a statement.
Faith is . . . the evidence of things not seen.
--Heb. xi. 1.
O glorious trial of exceeding love Illustrious
evidence, example high. --Milton.
2. One who bears witness. [R.] ``Infamous and perjured
evidences.'' --Sir W. Scott.
3. (Law) That which is legally submitted to competent
tribunal, as a means of ascertaining the truth of any
alleged matter of fact under investigation before it;
means of making proof; -- the latter, strictly speaking,
not being synonymous with evidence, but rather the effect
of it. --Greenleaf.
{Circumstantial evidence}, {Conclusive evidence}, etc. See
under {Circumstantial}, {Conclusive}, etc.
{Crown's, King's, or Queen's} {evidence}, evidence for the
crown. [Eng.]
{State's evidence}, evidence for the government or the
people. [U. S. ]
{To turn} {King's, Queen's or State's} {evidence}, to confess
a crime and give evidence against one's accomplices.
Syn: Testimony; proof. See {Tesimony}.
Evidence \Ev"i*dence\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evidenced}; p, pr. &
vb. n. {Evidencing}.]
To render evident or clear; to prove; to evince; as, to
evidence a fact, or the guilt of an offender. --Milton.
Evidencer \Ev"i*den*cer\, n.
One whi gives evidence.
Evident \Ev"i*dent\, a. [F. ['e]vinent, l. evidens, -entis; e
out + videns, p. pr. of videre to see. See {Vision}.]
Clear to the vision; especially, clear to the understanding,
and satisfactory to the judgment; as, the figure or color of
a body is evident to the senses; the guilt of an offender can
not always be made evident.
Your honor and your goodness is so evident. --Shak.
And in our faces evident the sings Of foul
concupiscence. --Milton.
Syn: Manifest; plain; clear; obvious; visible; apparent;
conclusive; indubitable; palpable; notorious. See
{Manifest}.
Evidential \Ev`i*den"tial\, a.
Relating to, or affording, evidence; indicative; especially,
relating to the evidences of Christianity. --Bp. Fleetwood.
``Evidential tracks.'' --Earle.. -- {Ev`i*den"tial*ly}, adv.
Evidentiary \Ev`i*den"ti*a*ry\, a.
Furnishing evidence; asserting; proving; evidential.
When a fact is supposed, although incorrectly, to be
evidentiary of, a mark of, some other fact. --J. S.
Mill.
Evidently \Ev"i*dent*ly\, adv.
In an evident manner; clearly; plainly.
Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set
forth. --Gal. iii. 1.
He has evidently in the prime of youth. --W. Irving.
Evidentness \Ev"i*dent*ness\, n.
State of being evident.
Evigilation \E*vig`i*la"tion\, n. [L. evigilatio; e out +
vigilare to be awake. See {Vigilant}.]
A waking up or awakening. [Obs.]
Evil \E*vil\a. [OE. evel, evil, ifel, uvel, AS. yfel; akin to
OFries, evel, D. euvel, OS. & OHG. ubil, G. ["u]bel, Goth.
ubils, and perh. to E. over.]
1. Having qualities tending to injury and mischief; having a
nature or properties which tend to badness; mischievous;
not good; worthless or deleterious; poor; as, an evil
beast; and evil plant; an evil crop.
A good tree can not bring forth evil fruit. --Matt.
vii. 18.
2. Having or exhibiting bad moral qualities; morally corrupt;
wicked; wrong; vicious; as, evil conduct, thoughts, heart,
words, and the like.
Ah, what a sign it is of evil life, When death's
approach is seen so terrible. --Shak.
3. Producing or threatening sorrow, distress, injury, or
calamity; unpropitious; calamitous; as, evil tidings; evil
arrows; evil days.
Because he hath brought up an evil name upon a
virgin of Israel. --Deut. xxii.
19.
The owl shrieked at thy birth -- an evil sign.
--Shak.
Evil news rides post, while good news baits.
--Milton.
{Evil eye}, an eye which inflicts injury by some magical or
fascinating influence. It is still believed by the
ignorant and superstitious that some persons have the
supernatural power of injuring by a look.
It almost led him to believe in the evil eye. --J.
H. Newman.
{Evil speaking}, speaking ill of others; calumny;
censoriousness.
{The evil one}, the Devil; Satan.
Note: Evil is sometimes written as the first part of a
compound (with or without a hyphen). In many cases the
compounding need not be insisted on. Examples: Evil
doer or evildoer, evil speaking or evil-speaking, evil
worker, evil wishing, evil-hearted, evil-minded.
Syn: Mischieveous; pernicious; injurious; hurtful;
destructive; wicked; sinful; bad; corrupt; perverse;
wrong; vicious; calamitous.
Evil \E"vil\ ([=e]"v'l) n.
1. Anything which impairs the happiness of a being or
deprives a being of any good; anything which causes
suffering of any kind to sentient beings; injury;
mischief; harm; -- opposed to {good}.
Evils which our own misdeeds have wrought. --Milton.
The evil that men do lives after them. --Shak.
2. Moral badness, or the deviation of a moral being from the
principles of virtue imposed by conscience, or by the will
of the Supreme Being, or by the principles of a lawful
human authority; disposition to do wrong; moral offence;
wickedness; depravity.
The heart of the sons of men is full of evil.
--Eccl. ix. 3.
3. malady or disease; especially in the phrase king's evil,
the scrofula. [R.] --Shak.
He [Edward the Confessor] was the first that touched
for the evil. --Addison.
Evil \E"vil\, adv.
In an evil manner; not well; ill; badly; unhappily;
injuriously; unkindly. --Shak.
It went evil with his house. --1 Chron.
vii. 23.
The Egyptians evil entreated us, and affected us.
--Deut. xxvi.
6.
Evil eye \E"vil eye`\
See {Evil eye} under {Evil}, a.
Evil-eyed \E"vil-eyed\a.
Possessed of the supposed evil eye; also, looking with envy,
jealousy, or bad design; malicious. --Shak.
Evil-favored \E"vil-fa`vored\, a.
Having a bad countenance or appearance; ill-favored;
blemished; deformed. --Bacon. -- {E"vil-fa`vored*ness}, n.
--Deut. xvi. 1.
Evilly \E"vil*ly\, adv.
In an evil manner; not well; ill. [Obs.] ``Good deeds evilly
bestowed.'' --Shak.
Evil-minded \E"vil-mind`ed\, a.
Having evil dispositions or intentions; disposed to mischief
or sin; malicious; malignant; wicked. --
{E"vil-mind`ed*ness}, n.
Evilness \E"vil*ness\, n.
The condition or quality of being evil; badness; viciousness;
malignity; vileness; as, evilness of heart; the evilness of
sin.
Evince \E*vince"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evinced}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Evincing}.] [L. evincere vanquish completely, prevail,
succeed in proving; e out + vincere to vanquish. See
{Victor}, and cf. {Evict}.]
1. To conquer; to subdue. [Obs.]
Error by his own arms is best evinced. --Milton.
2. To show in a clear manner; to prove beyond any reasonable
doubt; to manifest; to make evident; to bring to light; to
evidence.
Common sense and experience must and will evince the
truth of this. --South.
Evincement \E*vince"ment\, n.
The act of evincing or proving, or the state of being
evinced.
Evincible \E*vin"ci*ble\, a.
Capable of being proved or clearly brought to light;
demonstrable. --Sir. M. Hale. --{E*vin"ci*bly}, adv.
Evincive \E*vin"cive\, a.
Tending to prove; having the power to demonstrate;
demonstrative; indicative.
Evirate \E"vi*rate\, v. t. [L. eviratus, p. p. of evirare to
castrate; e out + vir man.]
To emasculate; to dispossess of manhood. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Eviration \Ev`i*ra"tion\, n. [L. eviratio.]
Castration. [Obs.]
Eviscerate \E*vis"cer*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eviscerated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Eviscerating}.] [L. evisceratus, p. p. of
eviscerare to eviscerate; e out + viscera the bowels. See
{Viscera}.]
To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; to gut.
Evisceration \E*vis`cer*a"tion\, a.
A disemboweling.
Evitable \Ev"i*ta*ble\, a. [L. evitabilis: cf. F. ['e]vitable.]
Avoidable. [R.] --Hooker.
Evitate \Ev"i*tate\, v. t. [L. evitatus, p. p. of evitare to
shun; e out + vitare to shun.]
To shun; to avoid. [Obs.] --Shak.
Evitation \Ev`i*ta"tion\, n. [L. evitatio.]
A shunning; avoidance. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Evite \E*vite"\, v. t. [Cf. F. ['e]viter. See {Evitate}.]
To shun. [Obs.] --Dryton.
Eviternal \Ev`i*ter"nal\, a. [L. eviternus, aeternus. See
{Etern}.]
Eternal; everlasting. [Obs.] -- {Ev`i*ter"nal*ly}, adv. --Bp.
Hall.
Eviternity \Ev`i*ter"ni*ty\, n.
Eternity. [Obs.]
Evocate \Ev"o*cate\, v. t. [L. evocatus, p. p. of evocare. See
{Evoke}.]
To call out or forth; to summon; to evoke. [R.] --Stackhouse.
Evocation \Ev`o*ca"tion\, n. [L. evocatio: cf. F. ['e]vocation.]
The act of calling out or forth. --Sir. T. Browne.
The evocation of that better spirit. --M. Arnold.
Evocative \E*vo"ca*tive\, a.
Calling forth; serving to evoke; developing.
Evocative power over all that is eloquent and
expressive in the better soul of man. --W. Pater.
Evocator \Ev"o*ca`tor\, n. [L.]
One who calls forth. [R.]
Evoke \E*voke"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evoked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Evoking}.] [L. evocare; e out + vocare to call, fr. vox,
vocis, voice: cf. F ['e]voquer. See {Voice}, and cf.
{Evocate}.]
1. To call out; to summon forth.
To evoke the queen of the fairies. --T. Warton.
A requlating discipline of exercise, that whilst
evoking the human energies, will not suffer them to
be wasted. --De Quincey.
2. To call away; to remove from one tribunal to another. [R.]
``The cause was evoked to Rome.'' --Hume.
Evolatic \Ev`o*lat"ic\, Evolatical \Ev`o*lat"ic*al\, a. [L.
evolare to fly away; e out + volare to fly.]
Apt to fly away. [Obs. or R.] --Blount.
Evolation \Ev`o*la"tion\, n. [L. evolatio.]
A flying out or up. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Evolute \Ev"o*lute\, n. [L. evolutus unrolled, p. p. of
evolvere. See {Evolve}.] (Geom.)
A curve from which another curve, called the involute or
evolvent, is described by the end of a thread gradually wound
upon the former, or unwound from it. See {Involute}. It is
the locus of the centers of all the circles which are
osculatory to the given curve or evolvent.
Note: Any curve may be an evolute, the term being applied to
it only in its relation to the involute.
Evolutility \Ev`o*lu*til"i*ty\, n. [See {Evolution}.] (Biol.)
The faculty possessed by all substances capable of
self-nourishment of manifesting the nutritive acts by changes
of form, of volume, or of structure. --Syd. Soc. Lex.
Evolution \Ev`o*lu"tion\, n. [L. evolutio an unrolling: cf. F.
['e]volution evolution. See {Evolve}.]
1. The act of unfolding or unrolling; hence, in the process
of growth; development; as, the evolution of a flower from
a bud, or an animal from the egg.
2. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. ``The whole
evolution of ages.'' --Dr. H. More.
3. (Geom.) The formation of an involute by unwrapping a
thread from a curve as an evolute. --Hutton.
4. (Arith. & Alg.) The extraction of roots; -- the reverse of
involution.
5. (Mil. & Naval) A prescribed movement of a body of troops,
or a vessel or fleet; any movement designed to effect a
new arrangement or disposition; a maneuver.
Those evolutions are best which can be executed with
the greatest celerity, compatible with regularity.
--Campbell.
6. (Biol.)
(a) A general name for the history of the steps by which
any living organism has acquired the morphological and
physiological characters which distinguish it; a
gradual unfolding of successive phases of growth or
development.
(b) That theory of generation which supposes the germ to
pre["e]xist in the parent, and its parts to be
developed, but not actually formed, by the procreative
act; -- opposed to epigenesis.
7. (Metaph.) That series of changes under natural law which
involves continuous progress from the homogeneous to the
heterogeneous in structure, and from the single and simple
to the diverse and manifold in quality or function. The
pocess is by some limited to organic beings; by others it
is applied to the inorganic and the psychical. It is also
applied to explain the existence and growth of
institutions, manners, language, civilization, and every
product of human activity. The agencies and laws of the
process are variously explained by different philosophrs.
Evolution is to me series with development.
--Gladstone.
Evolutional \Ev`o*lu"tion*al\, a.
Relating to evolution. ``Evolutional changes.'' --H. Spenser.
Evolutionary \Ev`o*lu"tion*a*ry\, a.
Relating to evolution; as, evolutionary discussions.
Evolutionism \Ev`o*lu"tion*ism\, n.
The theory of, or belief in, evolution. See {Evolution}, 6
and 7.
Evolutionist \Ev`o*lu"tion*ist\, n.
1. One skilled in evolutions.
2. one who holds the doctrine of evolution, either in biology
or in metaphysics. --Darwin.
Evolve \E*volve"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Evolved}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Evolving}.] [L. evolvere, evolutum; e out + volvere to
roll. See {Voluble}.]
1. To unfold or unroll; to open and expand; to disentangle
and exhibit clearly and satisfactorily; to develop; to
derive; to educe.
The animal soul sooner evolves itself to its full
orb and extent than the human soul. --Sir. M.
Hale.
The principles which art involves, science alone
evolves. --Whewell.
Not by any power evolved from man's own resources,
but by a power which descended from above. --J. C.
Shairp.
2. To throw out; to emit; as, to evolve odors.
Evolve \E*volve"\, v. i.
To become open, disclosed, or developed; to pass through a
process of evolution. --Prior.
Evolvement \E*volve"ment\, n.
The act of evolving, or the state of being evolved;
evolution.
Evolvent \E*volv"ent\, n. [L. evolvents. -entis, unrolling, p.
pr. of evolvere.] (Geom.)
The involute of a curve. See {Involute}, and {Evolute}.
Evomit \E*vom"it\, v. t. [L. evomitus, p. p. of evomere to vomit
forth; e out + vomere.]
To vomit. [Obs.]
Evomition \Ev`o*mi"tion\, n.
The act of vomiting. [Obs.] --Swift.
Evulgate \E*vul"gate\v. t. [L. evulgatus, p. p. of evulgare to
publish.]
To publish abroad. [Obs.]
Evulgation \Ev`ul*ga"tion\, n.
A divulging. [Obs.]
Evulsion \E*vul"sion\, n. [L. evulsio, fr. evellere, evulsum, to
pluck out; e out + vellere to pluck; cf. F. ['e]vulsion.]
The act of plucking out; a rooting out.
Ew \Ew\, n. [See {Yew}.]
A yew. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ewe \Ewe\, n. [AS. e['o]wu; akin to D. ooi, OHG. awi, ouwi,
Icel. [ae]r, Goth. aw[=e][thorn]i a flock of sheep, awistr a
sheepfold, Lith. avis a sheep, L. ovis, Gr. ?, Skr. avi.
[root]231.] (Zo["o]l.)
The female of the sheep, and of sheeplike animals.
Ewe-necked \Ewe"-necked`\, a.
Having a neck like a ewe; -- said of horses in which the arch
of the neck is deficent, being somewhat hollowed out.
--Youwatt.
Ewer \Ew"er\, n. [OF. ewer, euwier, prop. a water carrier, F.
['e]vier a washing place, sink, aigui[`e]re ewer, L.
aquarius, adj., water carrying, n., a water carrier, fr. aqua
water; akin to Goth. ahwa water, river, OHG, aha, G. au, aue,
meadow. [root]219. Cf. {Aquarium}, {Aquatic}, {Island}.]
A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug; esp., one used to hold
water for the toilet.
Basins and ewers to lave her dainty hands. --Shak.
Ewery \Ew"er*y\, Ewry \Ew"ry\n. [From {Ewer}.]
An office or place of household service where the ewers were
formerly kept. [Enq.] --Parker.
Ewt \Ewt\, n. [See {Newt}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The newt.
Ex- \Ex-\
A prefix from the latin preposition, ex, akin to Gr. 'ex or
'ek signifying out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in
composition, it signifies out of, as, in exhale, exclude;
off, from, or out. as in exscind; beyond, as, in excess,
exceed, excel; and sometimes has a privative sense of
without, as in exalbuminuos, exsanguinous. In some words, it
intensifies the meaning; in others, it has little affect on
the signification. It becomes ef- before f, as in effuse. The
form e- occurs instead of ex- before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and
v, as in ebullient, emanate, enormous, etc. In words from the
French it often appears as es-, sometimes as s- or ['e]-; as,
escape, scape, ['e]lite. Ex-, prefixed to names implying
office, station, condition, denotes that the person formerly
held the office, or is out of the office or condition now;
as, ex-president, ex-governor, ex-mayor, ex-convict. The
Greek form 'ex becomes ex in English, as in exarch; 'ek
becomes ec, as in eccentric.
Exacerbate \Ex*ac"er*bate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exacerrated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Exacerrating}.] [L. exacerbatus, p. p. of
exacerbare; ex out (intens.) + acerbare. See {Acerbate}.]
To render more violent or bitter; to irriate; to exasperate;
to imbitter, as passions or disease. --Broughman.
Exacerbation \Ex*ac`er*ba"tion\n. [Cf. F. exacerbation.]
1. The act rendering more violent or bitter; the state of
being exacerbated or intensified in violence or malignity;
as, exacerbation of passion.
2. (Med.) A periodical increase of violence in a disease, as
in remittent or continious fever; an increased energy of
diseased and painful action.
Exacerbescence \Ex*ac`er*bes"cence\, n. [L. exacerbescens,
-entis, p. pr. of exacerbescere, incho. of exacerbare.]
Increase of irritation or violence, particularly the increase
of a fever or disease.
Exacervation \Ex*ac`er*va"tion\, n. [L. exacervare to heap up
exceedingly. See {Ex-}, and {Acervate}.]
The act of heaping up. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Exacinate \Ex*ac"i*nate\, v. t. [L. ex out + acinus kernel.]
To remove the kernel form.
Exacination \Ex*ac`i*na"tion\, n.
Removal of the kernel.
Exact \Ex*act"\, a. [L. exactus precise, accurate, p. p. of
exigere to drive out, to demand, enforce, finish, determine,
measure; ex out + agere to drive; cf. F. exact. See {Agent},
{Act}.]
1. Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth;
perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short
in any respect; true; correct; precise; as, the clock
keeps exact time; he paid the exact debt; an exact copy of
a letter; exact accounts.
I took a great pains to make out the exact truth.
--Jowett
(Thucyd. )
2. Habitually careful to agree with a standard, a rule, or a
promise; accurate; methodical; punctual; as, a man exact
in observing an appointment; in my doings I was exact. ``I
see thou art exact of taste.'' --Milton.
3. Precisely or definitely conceived or stated; strict.
An exact command, Larded with many several sorts of
reason. --Shak.
Exact \Ex*act"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exacted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Exacting}.] [From L. exactus, p. p. of exigere; or fr. LL.
exactare: cf. OF. exacter. See {Exact}, a.]
To demand or require authoritatively or peremptorily, as a
right; to enforce the payment of, or a yielding of; to compel
to yield or to furnish; hence, to wrest, as a fee or reward
when none is due; -- followed by from or of before the one
subjected to exaction; as, to exact tribute, fees, obedience,
etc., from or of some one.
He said into them, Exact no more than that which is
appointed you. --Luke. iii.
13.
Years of servise past From grateful souls exact reward
at last --Dryden.
My designs Exact me in another place. --Massinger.
Exact \Ex*act"\, v. i.
To practice exaction. [R.]
The anemy shall not exact upon him. --Ps. lxxxix.
22.
Exacter \Ex*act"er\, n.
An exactor. [R.]
Exacting \Ex*act"ing\, a.
Oppressive or unreasonably severe in making demands or
requiring the exact fulfillment of obligations; harsh;
severe. ``A temper so exacting.'' --T. Arnold --
{Ex*act"ing*ly}, adv. -- {Ex*act"ing*ness}, n.
Exaction \Ex*ac"tion\, n. [L. exactio: cf. F. exaction.]
1. The act of demanding with authority, and compelling to pay
or yield; compulsion to give or furnish; a levying by
force; a driving to compliance; as, the exaction to
tribute or of obedience; hence, extortion.
Take away your exactions from my people. --Ezek.
xlv. 9.
Daily new exactions are devised. --Shak.
Illegal exactions of sheriffs and officials.
--Bancroft.
2. That which is exacted; a severe tribute; a fee, reward, or
contribution, demanded or levied with severity or
injustice. --Daniel.
Exacritude \Ex*acr"i*tude\, n. [Cf. F. exactitude.]
The quality of being exact; exactness.
Exactly \Ex*act"ly\, adv.
In an exact manner; precisely according to a rule, standard,
or fact; accurately; strictly; correctly; nicely. ``Exactly
wrought.'' --Shak.
His enemies were pleased, for he had acted exactly as
their interests required. --Bancroft.
Exactness \Ex*act"ness\, n.
1. The condition of being exact; accuracy; nicety; precision;
regularity; as, exactness of jurgement or deportment.
2. Careful observance of method and conformity to truth; as,
exactness in accounts or business.
He had . . . that sort of exactness which would have
made him a respectable antiquary. --Macaulay.
Exactor \Ex*act"or\, n. [L.: cf. F. exacteur.]
One who exacts or demands by authority or right; hence, an
extortioner; also, one unreasonably severe in injunctions or
demands. --Jer. Taylor.
Exactress \Ex*act"ress\, n. [Cf. L. exactrix.]
A woman who is an exactor. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Exacuate \Ex*ac"u*ate\, v. t. [L. exacure; ex out (intens.) +
acuere to make sharp.]
To whet or sharpen. [Obs.] --B. Jonson. -- {Ex*ac`u*a"tion},
n. [Obs.]
Exaeresis \Ex*[ae]r"e*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr.? a taking away.]
(Surg.)
In old writers, the operations concerned in the removal of
parts of the body.
Exaggerate \Ex*ag"ger*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exaggerated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Exaggerating} . ] [L. exaggeratus, p. p. of
exaggerare to heap up; ex out + aggerare to heap up, fr.
agger heap, aggerere to bring to; ad to + gerere to bear. See
{Jest}. ]
1. To heap up; to accumulate. [Obs.] ``Earth exaggerated upon
them [oaks and firs].'' --Sir M. Hale.
2. To amplify; to magnify; to enlarge beyond bounds or the
truth; to delineate extravagantly; to overstate the truth
concerning.
A friend exaggerates a man's virtues. --Addison.
Exaggerated \Ex*ag"ger*a`ted\, a.
Enlarged beyond bounds or the truth. -- {Ex*ag"ger*a`ted*ly},
adv.
Exaggerating \Ex*ag"ger*a`ting\a.
That exaggerates; enlarging beyond bounds. --
{Ex*ag"ger*a`ting*ly}, adv.
Exaggeration \Ex*ag`ger*a"tion\, n. [L. exaggeratio : cf. F.
exag['e]ration.]
1. The act of heaping or piling up. [Obs.] ``Exaggeration of
sand.'' --Sir M. Hale.
2. The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing
in an excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth
reason, or justice; a hyperbolical representation;
hyperbole; overstatement.
No need of an exaggeration of what they saw. --I.
Taylor.
3. (Paint.) A representation of things beyond natural life,
in expression, beauty, power, vigor.
Exaggerative \Ex*ag"ger*a*tive\, a.
Tending to exaggerate; involving exaggeration. ``Exaggerative
language.'' --Geddes. ``Exaggerative pictures.'' --W. J.
Linton. -- {Ex*ag"ger*a*tive*ly}, adv. Carlyle.
Exaggerator \Ex*ag"ger*a`tor\, n. [L.]
One who exaggerates; one addicted to exaggeration. --L.
Horner.
Exaggeratory \Ex*ag"ger*a*to*ry\, a.
Containing, or tending to, exaggeration; exaggerative.
--Johnson.
Exagitate \Ex*ag"i*tate\, v. t. [L. exagitatus, p. p. of
exagitare. See {Ex-}, and {Agitate}.]
1. To stir up; to agitate. [Obs.] --Arbuthnot.
2. To satirize; to censure severely. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Exagitation \Ex*ag`i*ta"tion\, n. [L. exagitatio : cf. OF.
exagitation.]
Agitation. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Exalbuminous \Ex`al*bu"mi*nous\, a. [Pref. ex- + albumen.]
(Bot.)
Having no albumen about the embryo; -- said of certain seeds.
Exalt \Ex*alt"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exalted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Exalting}.] [L. exaltare; ex out (intens.) + altare to make
high, altus high: cf.F. exalter. See {Altitude}.]
1. To raise high; to elevate; to lift up.
I will exalt my throne above the stars of God. --Is.
xiv. 13.
Exalt thy towery head, and lift thine eyes --Pope.
2. To elevate in rank, dignity, power, wealth, character, or
the like; to dignify; to promote; as, to exalt a prince to
the throne, a citizen to the presidency.
Righteousness exalteth a nation. --Prov. xiv.
34.
He that humbleth himself shall be exalted. --Luke
xiv. 11.
3. To elevate by prise or estimation; to magnify; to extol;
to glorify. ``Exalt ye the Lord.'' --Ps. xcix. 5.
In his own grace he doth exalt himself. --Shak.
4. To lift up with joy, pride, or success; to inspire with
delight or satisfaction; to elate.
They who thought they got whatsoever he lost were
mightily exalted. --Dryden.
5. To elevate the tone of, as of the voice or a musical
instrument. --Is. xxxvii. 23.
Now Mars, she said, let Fame exalt her voice.
--Prior.
6. (Alchem.) To render pure or refined; to intensify or
concentrate; as, to exalt the juices of bodies.
With chemic art exalts the mineral powers. --Pope.
Exaltate \Ex"al*tate\, a. [L. exaltatus, p. p. of exaltare to
exalt.] (Astrol.)
Exercising its highest influence; -- said of a planet. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Exaltation \Ex`al*ta"tion\, n. [L. exaltatio: cf. F.
exaltation.]
1. The act of exalting or raising high; also, the state of
being exalted; elevation.
Wondering at my flight, and change To this high
exaltation. --Milton.
2. (Alchem.) The refinement or subtilization of a body, or
the increasing of its virtue or principal property.
3. (Astrol.) That place of a planet in the zodiac in which it
was supposed to exert its strongest influence.
Exalted \Ex*alt"ed\, a.
Raised to lofty height; elevated; extolled; refined;
dignified; sublime.
Wiser far than Solomon, Of more exalted mind. --Milton.
Time never fails to bring every exalted reputation to a
strict scrutiny. --Ames.
-- {Ex*alt"ed*ly}, adv. -- {Ex*alt"ed*ness}, n. ``The
exaltedness of some minds.'' --T. Gray.
Exalter \Ex*alt"er\, n.
One who exalts or raises to dignity.
Exaltment \Ex*alt"ment\, n.
Exaltation. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Examen \Ex*a"men\, n. [L., the tongue of a balance, examination;
for exagmen, fr. exigere to weigh accurately, to treat: cf.
F. examen. See {Exact}, a.]
Examination; inquiry. [R.] ``A critical examen of the two
pieces.'' --Cowper.
Exametron \Ex*am"e*tron\, n. [NL. See {Hexameter}.]
An hexameter. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Examinable \Ex*am"i*na*ble\, a.
Capable of being examined or inquired into. --Bacon.
Examinant \Ex*am"i*nant\, n. [L. examinans, -antis, examining.]
1. One who examines; an examiner. --Sir W. Scott.
2. One who is to be examined. [Obs.] --H. Prideaux.
Examinate \Ex*am"i*nate\, n. [L. examinatus, p. p. of examinare.
See {Examine}. ]
A person subjected to examination. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Examination \Ex*am`i*na"tion\, n. [L. examinatio: cf. F.
examination.]
1. The act of examining, or state of being examined; a
careful search, investigation, or inquiry; scrutiny by
study or experiment.
2. A process prescribed or assigned for testing
qualification; as, the examination of a student, or of a
candidate for admission to the bar or the ministry.
He neglected the studies, . . . stood low at the
examinations. --Macaulay.
{Examination in chief}, or {Direct examination} (Law), that
examination which is made of a witness by a party calling
him.
{Cross-examination}, that made by the opposite party.
{Re["e]xamination}, or {Re-direct examination}, that made by
a party calling a witness, after, and upon matters arising
out of, the cross-examination.
Syn: Search; inquiry; investigation; research; scrutiny;
inquisition; inspection; exploration.
Examinator \Ex*am"i*na`tor\, n. [L.: cf. F. examinateur.]
An examiner. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Examine \Ex*am"ine\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Examined}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Examining}.] [L. examinare, examinatum, fr. examen,
examinis: cf. F. examiner. See {Examen}.]
1. To test by any appropriate method; to inspect carefully
with a view to discover the real character or state of; to
subject to inquiry or inspection of particulars for the
purpose of obtaining a fuller insight into the subject of
examination, as a material substance, a fact, a reason, a
cause, the truth of a statement; to inquire or search
into; to explore; as, to examine a mineral; to examine a
ship to know whether she is seaworthy; to examine a
proposition, theory, or question.
Examine well your own thoughts. --Chaucer.
Examine their counsels and their cares. --Shak.
2. To interrogate as in a judicial proceeding; to try or test
by question; as, to examine a witness in order to elicit
testimony, a student to test his qualifications, a
bankrupt touching the state of his property, etc.
The offenders that are to be examined. --Shak.
Syn: To discuss; debate; scrutinize; search into;
investigate; explore. See {Discuss}.
Examinee \Ex*am`i*nee"\, n.
A person examined.
Examiner \Ex*am"in*er\, n.
One who examines, tries, or inspects; one who interrogates;
an officer or person charged with the duty of making an
examination; as, an examiner of students for a degree; an
examiner in chancery, in the patent office, etc.
Examinership \Ex*am"in*er*ship\, n.
The office or rank of an examiner.
Examining \Ex*am"in*ing\, a.
Having power to examine; appointed to examine; as, an
examining committee.
Examplary \Ex"am*pla*ry\, a. [From {Example}, cf. {Exemplary}.]
Serving for example or pattern; exemplary. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Example \Ex*am"ple\, n. [A later form for ensample, fr. L.
exemplum, orig., what is taken out of a larger quantity, as a
sample, from eximere to take out. See {Exempt}, and cf.
{Ensample}, {Sample}.]
1. One or a portion taken to show the character or quality of
the whole; a sample; a specimen.
2. That which is to be followed or imitated as a model; a
pattern or copy.
For I have given you an example, that ye should do
as ? have done to you. --John xiii.
15.
I gave, thou sayest, the example; I led the way.
--Milton.
3. That which resembles or corresponds with something else; a
precedent; a model.
Such temperate order in so fierce a cause Doth want
example. --Shak.
4. That which is to be avoided; one selected for punishment
and to serve as a warning; a warning.
Hang him; he'll be made an example. --Shak.
Now these things were our examples, to the intent
that we should not lust after evil things, as they
also lusted. --1 Cor. x. 6.
5. An instance serving for illustration of a rule or precept,
especially a problem to be solved, or a case to be
determined, as an exercise in the application of the rules
of any study or branch of science; as, in trigonometry and
grammar, the principles and rules are illustrated by
examples.
Syn: Precedent; case; instance.
Usage: {Example}, {Instance}. The discrimination to be made
between these two words relates to cases in which we
give ``instances'' or ``examples'' of things done. An
instance denotes the single case then ``standing''
before us; if there be others like it, the word does
not express this fact. On the contrary, an example is
one of an entire class of like things, and should be a
true representative or sample of that class. Hence, an
example proves a rule or regular course of things; an
instance simply points out what may be true only in
the case presented. A man's life may be filled up with
examples of the self-command and kindness which marked
his character, and may present only a solitary
instance of haste or severity. Hence, the word
``example'' should never be used to describe what
stands singly and alone. We do, however, sometimes
apply the word instance to what is really an example,
because we are not thinking of the latter under this
aspect, but solely as a case which ``stands before
us.'' See {Precedent}.
Example \Ex*am"ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exampled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Exampling}.]
To set an example for; to give a precedent for; to exemplify;
to give an instance of; to instance. [Obs.] ``I may example
my digression by some mighty precedent.'' --Shak.
Burke devoted himself to this duty with a fervid
assiduity that has not often been exampled, and has
never been surpassed. --J. Morley.
Exampleless \Ex*am"ple*less\, a.
Without or above example. [R.]
Exampler \Ex*am"pler\, n. [See {Exemplar}, {Example}, and cf.
{Sampler}.]
A pattern; an exemplar. [Obs.]
Exampless \Ex*am"pless\, a.
Exampleless. [Wrongly formed.] --B. Jonson.
Exanguious \Ex*an"gui*ous\, a.
Bloodless. [Obs.] See {Exsanguious}. --Sir T. Browne.
Exangulous \Ex*an"gu*lous\, a. [Pref ex- + angulous.]
Having no corners; without angles. [R.]
Exanimate \Ex*an"i*mate\, a. [L. exanimatus, p. p. of exanimare
to deprive of life or spirit; ex out + anima air, breath,
life, spirit.]
1. Lifeless; dead. [R.] ``Carcasses exanimate.'' --Spenser.
2. Destitute of animation; spiritless; disheartened. [R.]
``Pale . . . wretch, exanimate by love.'' --Thomson.
Exanimate \Ex*an"i*mate\, v. t.
To deprive of animation or of life. [Obs.]
Exanimation \Ex*an`i*ma"tion\, n.[L. exanimatio.]
Deprivation of life or of spirits. [R.] --Bailey.
Exanimous \Ex*an"i*mous\, a. [L. exanimus, exanimis; ex out,
without + anima life.]
Lifeless; dead. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Exannulate \Ex*an"nu*late\, a. [Pref. ex- + annulate.] (Bot.)
Having the sporangium destitute of a ring; -- said of certain
genera of ferns.
Exanthem \Ex*an"them\, n.
Same as {Exanthema}.
Exanthema \Ex`an*the"ma\, n.; pl. {Exanthemata}. [L., fr. Gr.?,
fr.? to burst forth as flowers, break out, as ulcers; ?, ?,
out + ? to bloom, ? flower: cf. F. exanth[`e]me.] (Med.)
An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or
breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the
like diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended
with fever. --Dunglison.
Exanthematic \Ex*an`the*mat"ic\, Exanthematous
\Ex`an*them"a*tous\, a.
Of, relating to, or characterized by, exanthema;
efflorescent; as, an exanthematous eruption.
Exanthesis \Ex`an*the"sis\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? . See
{Exanthema}. ] (Med.)
An eruption of the skin; cutaneous efflorescence.
Exantlate \Ex*ant"late\, v. t. [L. exantlatus, p. p. of
exantlare, exanclare, to endure.]
To exhaust or wear out. [Obs.] ``Seeds . . . wearied or
exantlated.'' --Boyle.
Exantlation \Ex`ant*la"tion\, n. [Cf. F. exantlation.]
Act of drawing out; exhaustion. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Exarate \Ex"a*rate\, v. t. [L. exaratus, p. p. of exarare to
plow up, to write; ex out + arare to plow.]
To plow up; also, to engrave; to write. [Obs.] --Blount.
Exaration \Ex`a*ra"tion\, n. [L. exaratio.]
Act of plowing; also, act of writing. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Exarch \Ex"arch\, n. [L. exarchus, Gr. ? ? commander; ?,?, out +
? to lead, rule: cf. F. exarque.]
A viceroy; in Ravenna, the title of the viceroys of the
Byzantine emperors; in the Eastern Church, the superior over
several monasteries; in the modern Greek Church, a deputy of
the patriarch, who visits the clergy, investigates
ecclesiastical cases, etc.
Exarchate \Ex*ar"chate\, n. [LL. exarchatus, fr. L. exarchus:
cf. F. exarchat.]
The office or the province of an exarch. --Jer. Taylor.
Exarillate \Ex*ar"il*late\, a. [Pref. ex- + arillate.] (Bot.)
Having no aril; -- said of certain seeds, or of the plants
producing them.
Exarticulate \Ex`ar*tic"u*late\, a. [Pref. ex- + articulate.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having but one joint; -- said of certain insects.
Exarticulation \Ex`ar*tic`u*la"tion\, n. [Pref. ex- +
articulation.]
Luxation; the dislocation of a joint. --Bailey.
Exasperate \Ex*as"per*ate\, a. [L. exasperatus, p. p. of
exsasperare to roughen, exasperate; ex out (intens.) +
asperare to make rough, asper rough. See {Asperity}.]
Exasperated; imbittered. [Obs.] --Shak.
Like swallows which the exasperate dying year Sets
spinning. --Mrs.
Browning.
Exasperate \Ex*as"per*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exsasperated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Exasperating}.]
1. To irritate in a high degree; to provoke; to enrage; to
exscite or to inflame the anger of; as, to exasperate a
person or his feelings.
To exsasperate them against the king of France.
--Addison.
2. To make grievous, or more grievous or malignant; to
aggravate; to imbitter; as, to exasperate enmity.
To exasperate the ways of death. --Sir T.
Browne.
Syn: To irritate; provoke. See {Irritate}.
Exasperater \Ex*as"per*a`ter\, n.
One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmity, or violence.
Exasperation \Ex*as`per*a"tion\, n. [L. exasperatio: cf. F.
exasp['e]ration.]
1. The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated;
irritation; keen or bitter anger.
Extorted from him by the exasperation of his
spirits. --South.
2. Increase of violence or malignity; aggravation;
exacerbation. ``Exasperation of the fits.'' --Sir H.
Wotton.
Exaspidean \Ex`as*pid"e*an\, a. [Gr. ? out +?,?,a shield.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having the anterior scute? extending around the tarsus on the
outer side, leaving the inner side naked; -- said of certain
birds.
Exauctorate \Ex*auc"tor*ate\, v. t.
See {Exauthorate}. [Obs.]
Exauctoration \Ex*auc`tor*a"tion\, n.
See {Exauthoration}.
Exaugurate \Ex*au"gu*rate\, v. t. [L. exauguratus, p. p. of
exaugurare to profane; ex out + augurari to act as an augur,
fr. augur. ]
To annul the consecration of; to secularize; to unhellow.
[Obs.] --Holland.
Exauguration \Ex*au`gu*ra"tion\, n. [L. exauguratio
desecration.]
The act of exaugurating; desecration. [Obs.]
Exauthorate \Ex*au"thor*ate\, v. t. [L. exauctoratus, p. p. of
exauctorare to dismiss; ex out + auctorare to bind to
something, to hire, fr. auctor. See {Author}.]
To deprive of authority or office; to depose; to discharge.
[Obs.]
Exauthorated for their unworthiness. --Jer. Taylor.
Exauthoration \Ex*au`thor*a"tion\, n.
Deprivation of authority or dignity; degration. [Obs.] --Jer.
Taylor.
Exauthorize \Ex*au"thor*ize\, v. t. [Pref. ex- + authorize.]
To deprive of uthority. [Obs.] --Selden.
Exauthorize \Ex*au"thor*ize\, v. t. [Pref. ex- + authorize.]
To deprive of authority. [Obs.] --Selden.
Excalceate \Ex*cal"ce*ate\, v. t. [L. excalceatus, p. p. of
excalceare to unshoe. See {Calceated}.]
To deprive of shoes. [Obs.] --Chambers.
Excalceation \Ex*cal`ce*a"tion\, n.
The act of depriving or divesting of shoes. [Obs.]
--Chambers.
Excalfaction \Ex`cal*fac"tion\, n. [L. excalfactio.]
A heating or warming; calefaction. [Obs.] --Blount.
Excalfactive \Ex`cal*fac"tive\, a. [L. excalfacere to warm; ex
out (intens.) + calfacere to warm.]
Serving to heat; warming. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
Excalfactory \Ex`cal*fac"to*ry\, a. [L. excalfactorius.]
Heating; warming. [Obs.] --Holland.
Excalibur \Ex*cal"i*bur\, n.
The name of King Arthur's mythical sword. [Written also
{Excalibar}, {Excalibor}, {Escalibar}, and {Caliburn}.]
--Tennyson.
Excamb \Ex*camb"\, Excambie \Ex*cam"bie\, v. t. [LL. excambiare,
excambire; L. ex out + cambire. See {Change}, and cf.
{Exchange}.] (Scots Law)
To exchange; -- used with reference to transfers of land.
Excambion \Ex*cam"bi*on\, Excambium \Ex*cam"bi*um\, n. [LL.
excambium. See {Excamb}.] (Scots Law)
Exchange; barter; -- used commonly of lands.
Excandescence \Ex`can*des"cence\, n. [L. excandescentia.]
1. A growing hot; a white or glowing heat; incandescence.
[R.]
2. Violent anger; a growing angry. [Obs.] --Blount.
Excandescent \Ex`can*des"cent\, a. [L. excandescens, p. pr. of
excandescere to take fire, glow; ex out (intens.) +
candescere to begin to glisten or glow, fr. candere. See
{Candid}.]
White or glowing with heat. [R.] --Ure.
Excantation \Ex`can*ta"tion\, n. [L. excantare to charm out. See
{Ex?}, and {Chant}.]
Disenchantment by a countercharm. [Obs.] --Gayton.
Excarnate \Ex*car"nate\, v. t. [LL. excarnatus, p. p. of
excarnare; L. ex out + caro, carnis, flesh.]
To deprive or clear of flesh. --Grew.
Excarnation \Ex`car*na"tion\, n.
The act of depriving or divesting of flesh; excarnification;
-- opposed to incarnation.
Excarnificate \Ex*car"ni*fi*cate\, v. t. [L. ex out + LL.
carnificatus, p. p. carnificare to carnify; cf. L.
excarnificare to tear to pieces, torment. See {Carnify}.]
To clear of flesh; to excarnate. --Dr. H. More.
Excarnification \Ex*car`ni*fi*ca"tion\, n.
The act of excarnificating or of depriving of flesh;
excarnation. --Johnson.
Excavate \Ex"ca*vate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excavated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Excavating}.] [L. excavatus, p. p. of excavare to
excavate; ex out + cavare to make hollow, cavus hollow. See
{Cave}.]
1. To hollow out; to form cavity or hole in; to make hollow
by cutting, scooping, or digging; as, to excavate a ball;
to excavate the earth.
2. To form by hollowing; to shape, as a cavity, or anything
that is hollow; as, to excavate a canoe, a cellar, a
channel.
3. (Engin.) To dig out and remove, as earth.
The material excavated was usually sand. --E. L.
Corthell.
{Excavating pump}, a kind of dredging apparatus for
excavating under water, in which silt and loose material
mixed with water are drawn up by a pump. --Knight.
Excavation \Ex`ca*va"tion\, n. [L. excavatio: cf. F.
excavation.]
1. The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting,
scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.
2. A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping. ``A
winding excavation.'' --Glover.
3. (Engin.)
(a) An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from
a covered cutting or tunnel.
(b) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity.
The delivery of the excavations at a distance of
250 feet. --E. L.
Corthell.
Excavator \Ex"ca*va`tor\, n.
One who, or that which, excavates or hollows out; a machine,
as a dredging machine, or a tool, for excavating.
Excave \Ex*cave"\, v. t. [L. excavare.]
To excavate. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Excecate \Ex*ce"cate\, v. t. [L. excaecatus, p. p. of excaecare
to blind; ex (intens.) + caecare to blind, caecus blind.]
To blind. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Excecation \Ex`ce*ca"tion\, n.
The act of making blind. [Obs.] --Bp. Richardson.
Excedent \Ex*ced"ent\, n. [L. excedens, -entis, p. pr. of
excedere. See {Exceed}, v. t.]
Excess. [R.]
Exceed \Ex*ceed"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exceeded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Exceeding}.] [L. excedere, excessum, to go away or
beyond; ex out + cedere to go, to pass: cf. F. exc['e]der.
See {Cede}.]
To go beyond; to proceed beyond the given or supposed limit
or measure of; to outgo; to surpass; -- used both in a good
and a bad sense; as, one man exceeds another in bulk,
stature, weight, power, skill, etc.; one offender exceeds
another in villainy; his rank exceeds yours.
Name the time, but let it not Exceed three days.
--Shak.
Observes how much a chintz exceeds mohair. --Pope.
Syn: To outdo; surpass; excel; transcend; outstrip; outvie;
overtop.
Exceed \Ex*ceed"\, v. i.
1. To go too far; to pass the proper bounds or measure. ``In
our reverence to whom, we can not possibly exceed.''
--Jer. Taylor.
Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed.
--Deut. xxv.
3.
2. To be more or greater; to be paramount. --Shak.
Exceedable \Ex*ceed"a*ble\, a.
Capable of exceeding or surpassing. [Obs.] --Sherwood.
Exceeder \Ex*ceed"er\, n.
One who exceeds. --Bp. Montagu.
Exceeding \Ex*ceed"ing\, a.
More than usual; extraordinary; more than sufficient;
measureless. ``The exceeding riches of his grace.'' --Eph.
ii. 7. -- {Ex*ceed"ing*ness}, n. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Exceeding \Ex*ceed"ing\, adv.
In a very great degree; extremely; exceedingly. [Archaic. It
is not joined to verbs.] ``The voice exceeding loud.''
--Keble.
His raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow.
--Mark ix. 3.
The Genoese were exceeding powerful by sea. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Exceedingly \Ex*ceed"ing*ly\, adv.
To a very great degree; beyond what is usual; surpassingly.
It signifies more than very.
Excel \Ex*cel"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excelled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Excelling}.] [L. excellere, excelsum; ex out + a root found
in culmen height, top; cf. F. exceller. See {Culminate},
{Column}.]
1. To go beyond or surpass in good qualities or laudable
deeds; to outdo or outgo, in a good sense.
Excelling others, these were great; Thou, greater
still, must these excel. --Prior.
I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light
excelleth darkness. --Eccl. ii.
13.
2. To exceed or go beyond; to surpass.
She opened; but to shut Excelled her power; the
gates wide open stood. --Milton.
Excel \Ex*cel"\, v. i.
To surpass others in good qualities, laudable actions, or
acquirements; to be distinguished by superiority; as, to
excel in mathematics, or classics.
Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel. --Gen. xlix.
4.
Then peers grew proud in horsemanship t' excel. --Pope.
Excellence \Ex"cel*lence\, n. [F. excellence, L. excellentia.]
1. The quality of being excellent; state of possessing good
qualities in an eminent degree; exalted merit; superiority
in virtue.
Consider first that great Or bright infers not
excellence. --Milton.
2. An excellent or valuable quality; that by which any one
excels or is eminent; a virtue.
With every excellence refined. --Beattie.
3. A title of honor or respect; -- more common in the form
excellency.
I do greet your excellence With letters of
commission from the king. --Shak.
Syn: Superiority; pre["e]minence; perfection; worth;
goodness; purity; greatness.
Excellency \Ex"cel*len*cy\, n.; pl. {Excellencies}.
1. Excellence; virtue; dignity; worth; superiority.
His excellency is over Israel. --Ps. lxviii.
34.
Extinguish in men the sense of their own excellency.
--Hooker.
2. A title of honor given to certain high dignitaries, esp.
to viceroys, ministers, and ambassadors, to English
colonial governors, etc. It was formerly sometimes given
to kings and princes.
Excellent \Ex"cel*lent\, a. [F. excellent, L. excellens, -entis,
p. pr. of excellere. See {Excel}.]
1. Excelling; surpassing others in some good quality or the
sum of qualities; of great worth; eminent, in a good
sense; superior; as, an excellent man, artist, citizen,
husband, discourse, book, song, etc.; excellent breeding,
principles, aims, action.
To love . . . What I see excellent in good or fair.
--Milton.
2. Superior in kind or degree, irrespective of moral quality;
-- used with words of a bad significance. [Obs. or
Ironical] ``An excellent hypocrite.'' --Hume.
Their sorrows are most excellent. --Beau. & Fl.
Syn: Worthy; choice; prime; valuable; select; exquisite;
transcendent; admirable; worthy.
Excellent \Ex"cel*lent\, adv.
Excellently; eminently; exceedingly. [Obs.] ``This comes off
well and excellent.'' --Shak.
Excellently \Ex"cel*lent*ly\, adv.
1. In an excellent manner; well in a high degree.
2. In a high or superior degree; -- in this literal use, not
implying worthiness. [Obs.]
When the whole heart is excellently sorry. --J.
Fletcher.
Excelsior \Ex*cel"si*or\, a. [L., compar. of excelsus elevated,
lofty, p. p. of excellere. See {Excel}, v. t.]
More lofty; still higher; ever upward.
Excelsior \Ex*cel"si*or\, n.
A kind of stuffing for upholstered furniture, mattresses,
etc., in which curled shreds of wood are substituted for
curled hair.
Excentral \Ex*cen"tral\, a. [Pref. ex- + central.] (Bot.)
Out of the center.
Excentric \Ex*cen"tric\, Excentrical \Ex*cen"tric*al\, a.
1. Same as {Eccentric}, {Eccentrical}.
2. (Bot.) One-sided; having the normally central portion not
in the true center. --Gray.
Excentricity \Ex`cen*tric"i*ty\ (Math.)
Same as {Eccentricity}.
Except \Ex*cept"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excepted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Excepting}.] [L. exceptus, p. p. of excipere to take or
draw out, to except; ex out + capere to take: cf. F.
excepter. See {Capable}.]
1. To take or leave out (anything) from a number or a whole
as not belonging to it; to exclude; to omit.
Who never touched The excepted tree. --Milton.
Wherein (if we only except the unfitness of the
judge) all other things concurred. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
2. To object to; to protest against. [Obs.] --Shak.
Except \Ex*cept"\, v. i.
To take exception; to object; -- usually followed by to,
sometimes by against; as, to except to a witness or his
testimony.
Except thou wilt except against my love. --Shak.
Except \Ex*cept"\, prep. [Originally past participle, or verb in
the imperative mode.]
With exclusion of; leaving or left out; excepting.
God and his Son except, Created thing naught valued he
nor . . . shunned. --Milton.
Syn: {Except}, {Excepting}, {But}, {Save}, {Besides}.
Usage: Excepting, except, but, and save are exclusive. Except
marks exclusion more pointedly. ``I have finished all
the letters except one,'' is more marked than ``I have
finished all the letters but one.'' Excepting is the
same as except, but less used. Save is chiefly found
in poetry. Besides (lit., by the side of) is in the
nature of addition. ``There is no one here except or
but him,'' means, take him away and there is nobody
present. ``There is nobody here besides him,'' means,
hi is present and by the side of, or in addition to,
him is nobody. ``Few ladies, except her Majesty, could
have made themselves heard.'' In this example, besides
should be used, not except.
Except \Ex*cept"\, conj.
Unless; if it be not so that.
And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless
me. --Gen. xxxii.
26.
But yesterday you never opened lip, Except, indeed, to
drink. --Tennyson.
Note: As a conjunction unless has mostly taken the place of
except.
Exceptant \Ex*cept"ant\, a.
Making exception.
Excepting \Ex*cept"ing\, prep. & conj., but properly a
participle.
With rejection or exception of; excluding; except.
``Excepting your worship's presence.'' --Shak.
No one was ever yet made utterly miserable, excepting
by himself. --Lubbock.
Exception \Ex*cep"tion\, n. [L. exceptio: cf. F. exception.]
1. The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction
by taking out something which would otherwise be included,
as in a class, statement, rule.
2. That which is excepted or taken out from others; a person,
thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included;
as, almost every general rule has its exceptions.
Such rare exceptions, shining in the dark, Prove,
rather than impeach, the just remark. --Cowper.
Note: Often with to.
That proud exception to all nature's laws.
--Pope.
3. (Law) An objection, oral or written, taken, in the course
of an action, as to bail or security; or as to the
decision of a judge, in the course of a trail, or in his
charge to a jury; or as to lapse of time, or scandal,
impertinence, or insufficiency in a pleading; also, as in
conveyancing, a clause by which the grantor excepts
something before granted. --Burrill.
4. An objection; cavil; dissent; disapprobation; offense;
cause of offense; -- usually followed by to or against.
I will never answer what exceptions they can have
against our account [relation]. --Bentley.
He . . . took exception to the place of their
burial. --Bacon.
She takes exceptions at your person. --Shak.
{Bill of exceptions} (Law), a statement of exceptions to the
decision, or instructions of a judge in the trial of a
cause, made for the purpose of putting the points decided
on record so as to bring them before a superior court or
the full bench for review.
Exceptionable \Ex*cep"tion*a*ble\, a.
Liable to exception or objection; objectionable. --
{Ex*cep"tion*a*ble*ness}, n.
This passage I look upon to be the most exceptionable
in the whole poem. --Addison.
Exceptional \Ex*cep"tion*al\, a. [Cf. F. exceptionnel.]
Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare; hence,
better than the average; superior. --Lyell.
This particular spot had exceptional advantages.
--Jowett (Th.
)
-- {Ex*cep"tion*al*ly}, adv.
Exceptioner \Ex*cep"tion*er\, n.
One who takes exceptions or makes objections. [Obs.]
--Milton.
Exceptionless \Ex*cep"tion*less\, a.
Without exception.
A universal, . . . exceptionless disqualification.
--Bancroft.
Exceptious \Ex*cep"tious\, a.
Disposed or apt to take exceptions, or to object; captious.
[Obs.]
At least effectually silence the doubtful and
exceptious. --South.
-- {Ex*cep"tious*ness}, n. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Exceptive \Ex*cept"ive\, a.
That excepts; including an exception; as, an exceptive
proposition. --I. Watts.
A particular and exceptive law. --Milton.
Exceptless \Ex*cept"less\, a.
Not exceptional; usual. [Obs.]
My general and exceptless rashness. --Shak.
Exceptor \Ex*cept"or\, n. [L., a scribe.]
One who takes exceptions. --T. Burnet.
Excerebration \Ex*cer`e*bra"tion\, n. [L. excerebratus deprived
of brains; ex out + cerebrum brain.]
The act of removing or beating out the brains.
Excerebrose \Ex*cer"e*brose`\, a. [See {Excerebration}.]
Brainless. [R.]
Excern \Ex*cern"\, v. t. [L. excernere. See {Excrete}.]
To excrete; to throw off through the pores; as, fluids are
excerned in perspiration. [R.] --Bacon.
Excernent \Ex*cern"ent\, a. [See {Excern}.] (Physiol.)
Connected with, or pertaining to, excretion.
Excerp \Ex*cerp"\, v. t. [L. excerpere, excerptum; ex out +
carpere to pick, gather. See {Harvest}, and cf. {Scarce}, a.]
To pick out. [Obs.] --Hales.
Excerpt \Ex*cerpt"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excerpted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Excerpting}.] [From L. excerptus, p. p. See
{Excerp}.]
To select; to extract; to cite; to quote.
Out of which we have excerpted the following
particulars. --Fuller.
Excerpt \Ex*cerp"t\ (277), n.
An extract; a passage selected or copied from a book or
record.
Excerption \Ex*cerp"tion\, n. [L. excerptio.]
1. The act of excerpting or selecting. [R.]
2. That which is selected or gleaned; an extract. [R.]
His excerptions out of the Fathers. --Fuller.
Excerptive \Ex*cerp"tive\, a.
That excerpts, selects, or chooses. --D. L. Mackenzie.
Excerptor \Ex*cerp"tor\, n.
One who makes excerpts; a picker; a culler.
Excess \Ex*cess"\, n. [OE. exces, excess, ecstasy, L. excessus a
going out, loss of self-possession, fr. excedere, excessum,
to go out, go beyond: cf. F. exc[`e]s. See {Exceed}.]
1. The state of surpassing or going beyond limits; the being
of a measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; that
which exceeds what is usual or prover; immoderateness;
superfluity; superabundance; extravagance; as, an excess
of provisions or of light.
To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, To throw a
perfume on the violet, . . . Is wasteful and
ridiculous excess. --Shak.
That kills me with excess of grief, this with excess
of joy. --Walsh.
2. An undue indulgence of the appetite; transgression of
proper moderation in natural gratifications; intemperance;
dissipation.
Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess. --Eph. v.
18.
Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches
blame. --Milton.
3. The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds
another; remainder; as, the difference between two numbers
is the excess of one over the other.
{Spherical excess} (Geom.), the amount by which the sum of
the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right
angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area
of the triangle.
Excessive \Ex*cess"ive\, a. [Cf. F. excessif.]
Characterized by, or exhibiting, excess; overmuch.
Excessive grief [is] the enemy to the living. --Shak.
Syn: Undue; exorbitant; extreme; overmuch; enormous;
immoderate; monstrous; intemperate; unreasonable. See
{Enormous} --{Ex*cess*ive*ly}, adv. -{Ex*cess"ive*ness},
n.
Exchange \Ex*change"\, n. [OE. eschange, eschaunge, OF.
eschange, fr. eschangier, F. ['e]changer, to exchange; pref.
ex- out + F. changer. See {Change}, and cf. {Excamb}.]
1. The act of giving or taking one thing in return for
another which is regarded as an equivalent; as, an
exchange of cattle for grain.
2. The act of substituting one thing in the place of another;
as, an exchange of grief for joy, or of a scepter for a
sword, and the like; also, the act of giving and receiving
reciprocally; as, an exchange of civilities or views.
3. The thing given or received in return; esp., a publication
exchanged for another. --Shak.
4. (Com.) The process of setting accounts or debts between
parties residing at a distance from each other, without
the intervention of money, by exchanging orders or drafts,
called bills of exchange. These may be drawn in one
country and payable in another, in which case they are
called foreign bills; or they may be drawn and made
payable in the same country, in which case they are called
inland bills. The term bill of exchange is often
abbreviated into exchange; as, to buy or sell exchange.
Note: A in London is creditor to B in New York, and C in
London owes D in New York a like sum. A in London draws
a bill of exchange on B in New York; C in London
purchases the bill, by which A receives his debt due
from B in New York. C transmits the bill to D in New
York, who receives the amount from B.
5. (Law) A mutual grant of equal interests, the one in
consideration of the other. Estates exchanged must be
equal in quantity, as fee simple for fee simple.
--Blackstone.
6. The place where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a
city meet at certain hours, to transact business. In this
sense often contracted to 'Change.
{Arbitration of exchange}. See under {Arbitration}.
{Bill of exchange}. See under {Bill}.
{Exchange broker}. See under {Broker}.
{Par of exchange}, the established value of the coin or
standard of value of one country when expressed in the
coin or standard of another, as the value of the pound
sterling in the currency of France or the United States.
The par of exchange rarely varies, and serves as a measure
for the rise and fall of exchange that is affected by the
demand and supply. Exchange is at par when, for example, a
bill in New York, for the payment of one hundred pounds
sterling in London, can be purchased for the sum. Exchange
is in favor of a place when it can be purchased there at
or above par.
{Telephone exchange}, a central office in which the wires of
any two telephones or telephone stations may be connected
to permit conversation.
Syn: Barter; dealing; trade; traffic; interchange.
Exchange \Ex*change"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exchanged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Exchanging}.] [Cf.OF. eschangier, F. ['e]changer. See
{Exchange}, n.]
1. To part with give, or transfer to another in consideration
of something received as an equivalent; -- usually
followed by for before the thing received.
Exchange his sheep for shells, or wool for a
sparking pebble or a diamond. --Locke.
2. To part with for a substitute; to lay aside, quit, or
resign (something being received in place of the thing
parted with); as, to exchange a palace for cell.
And death for life exchanged foolishly. --Spenser.
To shift his being Is to exchange one misery with
another. --Shak.
3. To give and receive reciprocally, as things of the same
kind; to barter; to swap; as, to exchange horses with a
neighbor; to exchange houses or hats.
Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. --Shak.
Syn: To barter; change; commute; interchange; bargain; truck;
swap; traffic.
Exchange \Ex*change"\, v. i.
To be changed or received in exchange for; to pass in
exchange; as, dollar exchanges for ten dimes.
Exchangeability \Ex*change`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being exchangeable.
The law ought not be contravened by an express article
admitting the exchangeability of such persons.
--Washington.
Exchangeable \Ex*change"a*ble\, a. [Cf.F. ['e]changeable.]
1. Capable of being exchanged; fit or proper to be exchanged.
The officers captured with Burgoyne were
exchangeable within the powers of General Howe.
--Marshall.
2. Available for making exchanges; ratable. ``An exchangeable
value.'' --J. S. Mill.
Exchangeably \Ex*change"a*bly\, adv.
By way of exchange.
Exchanger \Ex*chan"ger\, n.
One who exchanges; one who practices exchange. --Matt. xxv.
27.
Excheat \Ex*cheat"\, n.
See {Escheat}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Excheator \Ex*cheat"or\, n.
See {Escheator}. [Obs.]
Exchequer \Ex*cheq"uer\, n. [OE. escheker, OF. eichekier, fr.
LL. scaccarium. See {Checker}, {Chess}, {Check}.]
1. One of the superior courts of law; -- so called from a
checkered cloth, which covers, or formerly covered, the
table. [Eng.]
Note: The exchequer was a court of law and equity. In the
revenue department, it had jurisdiction over the
proprietary rights of the crown against subjects; in
the common law department, it administered justice in
personal actions between subject and subject. A person
proceeding against another in the revenue department
was said to exchequer him. The judges of this court
were one chief and four puisne barons, so styled. The
Court of Exchequer Chamber sat as court of error in
which the judgments of each of the superior courts of
common law, in England, were subject to revision by the
judges of the other two sitting collectively. Causes
involving difficult questions of law were sometimes
after argument, adjourned into this court from the
other courts, for debate before judgment in the court
below. Recent legislation in England (1880) has
abolished the Court of Exchequer and the Court of
Exchequer Chamber, as distinct tribunals, a single
board of judiciary, the High Court of Justice, being
established for the trial of all classes of civil
cases. --Wharton.
2. The department of state having charge of the collection
and management of the royal revenue. [Eng.] Hence, the
treasury; and, colloquially, pecuniary possessions in
general; as, the company's exchequer is low.
{Barons of the exchequer}. See under {Baron}.
{Chancellor of the exchequer}. See under {Chancellor}.
{Exchequer} {bills or bonds} (Eng.), bills of money, or
promissory bills, issued from the exchequer by authority
of Parliament; a species of paper currency emitted under
the authority of the government, and bearing interest.
Exchequer \Ex*cheq"uer\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exchequered}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Exchequering}.]
To institute a process against (any one) in the Court of
Exchequer.
Excide \Ex*cide"\, v. t. [L. excidere, excisum; ex out + caedere
to cut. See {Concise}, and cf. {Excise} to cut off.]
To cut off. [R.]
Excipient \Ex*cip"i*ent\, a. [L. excipients, -entis, p. pr. of
exipere. See {Except}, v. t.]
Taking an exception.
Excipient \Ex*cip"i*ent\, n.
1. An exceptor. [R.]
2. (Med.) An inert or slightly active substance used in
preparing remedies as a vehicle or medium of
administration for the medicinal agents. --Chambers.
Exciple \Ex"ci*ple\, Excipulum \Ex*cip"u*lum\, n. [NL.
excipulum, fr. L. excipere. See {Except}.] (Bot.)
The outer part of the fructification of most lichens.
Excisable \Ex*cis"a*ble\, a.
Liable or subject to excise; as, tobacco in an excisable
commodity.
Excise \Ex*cise"\, n. [Apparently fr. L. excisum cut off, fr.
excidere to cut out or off; ex out, off + caedere to cut; or,
as the word was formerly written accise, fr. F. accise, LL.
accisia, as if fr. L. accidere, accisum, to cut into; ad +
caedere to cut; but prob. transformed fr. OF. assise, LL.
assisa, assisia, assize. See {Assize}, {Concise}.]
1. In inland duty or impost operating as an indirect tax on
the consumer, levied upon certain specified articles, as,
tobacco, ale, spirits, etc., grown or manufactured in the
country. It is also levied to pursue certain trades and
deal in certain commodities. Certain direct taxes (as, in
England, those on carriages, servants, plate, armorial
bearings, etc.), are included in the excise. Often used
adjectively; as, excise duties; excise law; excise system.
The English excise system corresponds to the
internal revenue system in the United States.
--Abbot.
An excise . . . is a fixed, absolute, and direct
charge laid on merchandise, products, or
commodities. --11 Allen's
(Mass. ) Rpts.
2. That department or bureau of the public service charged
with the collection of the excise taxes. [Eng.]
Excise \Ex*cise"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excised}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Excising}.]
1. To lay or impose an excise upon.
2. To impose upon; to overcharge. [Prov. Eng.]
Excise \Ex*cise"\, v. t. [See {Excide}.]
To cut out or off; to separate and remove; as, to excise a
tumor.
Exciseman \Ex*cise"man\, n.; pl. {Excisemen}.
An officer who inspects and rates articles liable to excise
duty. --Macaulay.
Excision \Ex*ci"sion\, n. [L. excisio: cf. F. excision. See
{Excide}.]
1. The act of excising or cutting out or off; extirpation;
destruction.
Such conquerors are the instruments of vengeance on
those nations that have . . . grown ripe for
excision. --Atterbury.
2. (Eccl.) The act of cutting off from the church;
excommunication.
3. (Surg.) The removal, especially of small parts, with a
cutting instrument. --Dunglison.
Excitability \Ex*cit"a*bil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. excitabilit['e].]
1. The quality of being readily excited; proneness to be
affected by exciting causes.
2. (Physiol.) The property manifested by living organisms,
and the elements and tissues of which they are
constituted, of responding to the action of stimulants;
irritability; as, nervous excitability.
Excitable \Ex*cit"a*ble\, a. [L. excitabilis inciting: cf. F.
excitable.]
Capable of being excited, or roused into action; susceptible
of excitement; easily stirred up, or stimulated.
Excitant \Ex*cit"ant\, a. [L. excitans, -antis, p. pr. of
excitare: cf. F. excitant.]
Tending to excite; exciting.
Excitant \Ex*cit"ant\, n. (Physiol.)
An agent or influence which arouses vital activity, or
produces increased action, in a living organism or in any of
its tissues or parts; a stimulant.
Excitate \Ex*cit"ate\, v. t. [L. excitatus, p. p. of excitare.
See {Excite}.]
To excite. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Excitation \Ex`ci*ta"tion\n. [L. excitatio: cf. F. excitation.]
1. The act of exciting or putting in motion; the act of
rousing up or awakening. --Bacon.
2. (Physiol.) The act of producing excitement (stimulation);
also, the excitement produced.
Excitative \Ex*cit"a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. excitatif.]
Having power to excite; tending or serving to excite;
excitatory. --Barrow.
Excitator \Ex"ci*ta`tor\, n. [L., one who rouses.] (Elec.)
A kind of discarder.
Excitatory \Ex*cit"a*to*ry\, a. [Cf. F. excitatoire.]
Tending to excite; containing excitement; excitative.
Excite \Ex*cite"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excited}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {exciting}.] [L. excitare; ex out + citare to move
rapidly, to rouse: cf. OF. esciter, exciter, F. exciter. See
{Cite}.]
1. To call to activity in any way; to rouse to feeling; to
kindle to passionate emotion; to stir up to combined or
general activity; as, to excite a person, the spirits, the
passions; to excite a mutiny or insurrection; to excite
heat by friction.
2. (Physiol.) To call forth or increase the vital activity of
an organism, or any of its parts.
Syn: To incite; awaken; animate; rouse or arouse; stimulate;
inflame; irritate; provoke.
Usage: To {Excite}, {Incite}. When we excite we rouse into
action feelings which were less strong; when we incite
we spur on or urge forward to a specific act or end.
Demosthenes excited the passions of the Athenians
against Philip, and thus incited the whole nation to
unite in the war against him. Antony, by his speech
over the body of C[ae]sar, so excited the feelings of
the populace, that Brutus and his companions were
compelled to flee from Rome; many however, were
incited to join their standard, not only by love of
liberty, but hopes of plunder.
Exciteful \Ex*cite"ful\, n.
Full of exciting qualities; as, an exciteful story; exciteful
players. --Chapman.
Excitement \Ex*cite"ment\n. [Cf. OF. excitement, escitement.]
1. The act of exciting, or the state of being roused into
action, or of having increased action; impulsion;
agitation; as, an excitement of the people.
2. That which excites or rouses; that which moves, stirs, or
induces action; a motive.
The cares and excitements of a season of transition
and struggle. --Talfowrd.
3. (Physiol.) A state of aroused or increased vital activity
in an organism, or any of its organs or tissues.
Exciter \Ex*cit"er\, n.
One who, or that which, excites.
Hope is the grand exciter of industry. --Dr. H. More.
Exciting \Ex*cit"ing\, a.
Calling or rousing into action; producing excitement; as,
exciting events; an exciting story. -- {Ex*cit"ing*ly}, adv.
{Exciting causes} (Med.), those which immediately produce
disease, or those which excite the action of predisposing
causes.
Excitive \Ex*cit"ive\, a.
Serving or tending to excite; excitative. [R.] --Bamfield.
Excitive \Ex*cit"ive\, n.
That which excites; an excitant. [R.]
Excito-motion \Ex*ci`to-mo"tion\, n. (Physiol.)
Motion excited by reflex nerves. See {Excito-motory}.
Excito-motor \Ex*ci`to-mo"tor\, a. (Physiol.)
Excito-motory; as, excito-motor power or causes.
Excito-motory \Ex*ci`to-mo"to*ry\, a. (Physiol.)
Exciting motion; -- said of that portion of the nervous
system concerned in reflex actions, by which impressions are
transmitted to a nerve center and then reflected back so as
to produce muscular contraction without sensation or
volition.
Excito-nutrient \Ex*ci`to-nu"tri*ent\, a (Physiol.)
Exciting nutrition; said of the reflex influence by which the
nutritional processes are either excited or modified.
Excito-secretory \Ex*ci`to-se*cre"to*ry\, a. (Physiol.)
Exciting secretion; -- said of the influence exerted by
reflex action on the function of secretion, by which the
various glands are excited to action.
Exclaim \Ex*claim"\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Exclaimed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Exclaiming}.] [L. exclamare, exclamatum; ex +
clamare to cry out; cf. OF. exclamer. See {Clam}.]
To cry out from earnestness or passion; to utter with
vehemence; to call out or declare loudly; to protest
vehemently; to vociferate; to shout; as, to exclaim against
oppression with wonder or astonishment; ``The field is won!''
he exclaimed.
Exclaim \Ex*claim"\, n.
Outcry; clamor. [Archaic]
Cursing cries and deep exclaims. --Shak.
Exclaimer \Ex*claim"er\, n.
One who exclaims.
Exclamation \Ex`cla*ma"tion\, n. [L. exclamatio: cf. F.
exclamation.]
1. A loud calling or crying out; outcry; loud or emphatic
utterance; vehement vociferation; clamor; that which is
cried out, as an expression of feeling; sudden expression
of sound or words indicative of emotion, as in surprise,
pain, grief, joy, anger, etc.
Exclamations against abuses in the church. --Hooker.
Thus will I drown your exclamations. --Shak.
A festive exclamation not unsuited to the occasion.
--Trench.
2. (Rhet.) A word expressing outcry; an interjection; a word
expressing passion, as wonder, fear, or grief.
3. (Print.) A mark or sign by which outcry or emphatic
utterance is marked; thus [!]; -- called also {exclamation
point}.
Exclamative \Ex*clam"a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. exclamatif.]
Exclamatory. --Earle. -- {Ex*clam"a*tive*ly}, adv.
Exclamatory \Ex*clam"a*to*ry\, a.
Containing, expressing, or using exclamation; as, an
exclamatory phrase or speaker. --South. --
{Ex*clam"a*to*ti*ly}, adv.
Exclave \Ex*clave"\, n. [Formed fr. enclave by substitution of
ex- for en-]
A portion of a country which is separated from the main part
and surrounded by politically alien territory. [Recent.]
Note: The same territory is an enclave in respect to the
surrounding country and an exclave with respect to the
country to which it is politically attached.
Exclude \Ex*clude"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excluded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Excluding}.] [L. excludere, exclusum; ex out +
claudere to shut. See {Close}.]
1. To shut out; to hinder from entrance or admission; to
debar from participation or enjoyment; to deprive of; to
except; -- the opposite to admit; as, to exclude a crowd
from a room or house; to exclude the light; to exclude one
nation from the ports of another; to exclude a taxpayer
from the privilege of voting.
And none but such, from mercy I exclude. --Milton.
2. To thrust out or eject; to expel; as, to exclude young
animals from the womb or from eggs.
{Excluded middle}. (logic) The name given to the third of the
``three logical axioms,'' so-called, namely, to that one
which is expressed by the formula: ``Everything is either
A or Not-A.'' no third state or condition being involved
or allowed. See {Principle of contradiction}, under
{Contradiction}.
Exclusion \Ex*clu"sion\, n. [L. exclusio: cf. F. exclusion. See
{Exclude}.]
1. The act of excluding, or of shutting out, whether by
thrusting out or by preventing admission; a debarring;
rejection; prohibition; the state of being excluded.
His sad exclusion from the doors of bliss. --Milton.
The exclusion of the duke from the crown of England
and Ireland. --Hume.
2. (Physiol.) The act of expelling or ejecting a fetus or an
egg from the womb.
3. Thing emitted. --Sir T. Browne.
Exclusionary \Ex*clu"sion*a*ry\, a.
Tending to exclude; causing exclusion; exclusive.
Exclusionism \Ex*clu"sion*ism\, n.
The character, manner, or principles of an exclusionist.
Exclusionist \Ex*clu"sion*ist\, n.
One who would exclude another from some right or privilege;
esp., one of the anti-popish politicians of the time of
Charles II.
Exclusive \Ex*clu"sive\a. [Cf. F. exclusif.]
1. Having the power of preventing entrance; debarring from
participation or enjoyment; possessed and enjoyed to the
exclusion of others; as, exclusive bars; exclusive
privilege; exclusive circles of society.
2. Not taking into the account; excluding from consideration;
-- opposed to inclusive; as, five thousand troops,
exclusive of artillery.
Exclusive \Ex*clu"sive\, n.
One of a coterie who exclude others; one who from real of
affected fastidiousness limits his acquaintance to a select
few.
Exclusiveness \Ex*clu"sive*ness\, n.
Quality of being exclusive.
Exclusivism \Ex*clu"siv*ism\, n.
The act or practice of excluding being exclusive;
exclusiveness.
Exclusivist \Ex*clu"siv*ist\, n.
One who favor or practices any from of exclusiveness or
exclusivism.
The field of Greek mythology . . . the favorite
sporting ground of the exclusivists of the solar
theory. --Gladstone.
Exclusory \Ex*clu"so*ry\, a. [L. exclusorius.]
Able to exclude; excluding; serving to exclude.
Excoct \Ex*coct"\v. t. [L. excoctus, p. p. of excoquere to
excoct. See 3d {Cook}.]
To boil out; to produce by boiling. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Excoction \Ex*coc"tion\ [L. excoctio.]
The act of excocting or boiling out. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Excogitate \Ex*cog"i*tate\v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excogitated}; p.
pr. & vb. n.. {Excogitating}.] [L. excogitatus, p. p. of
excogitare to excogitate; ex out + cogitare to think. See
{Cogitate}.]
To think out; to find out or discover by thinking; to devise;
to contrive. ``Excogitate strange arts.'' --Stirling.
This evidence . . . thus excogitated out of the general
theory. --Whewell.
Excogitate \Ex*cog"i*tate\, v. i.
To cogitate. [R.] --Bacon.
Excogitation \Ex*cog`i*ta"tion\, n. [L. excogitatio: cf. F.
excogitation.]
The act of excogitating; a devising in the thoughts;
invention; contrivance.
Excommune \Ex`com*mune"\v. t. [Cf. F. excommuier. See
{Excommunicate}.]
To exclude from participation in; to excommunicate. [Obs.]
Poets . . . were excommuned Plato's common wealth
--Gayton.
Excommunicable \Ex`com*mu"ni*ca*ble\, a. [See {Excommunicate}.]
Liable or deserving to be excommunicated; making
excommunication possible or proper. ``Persons excommunicable
.'' --Bp. Hall.
What offenses are excommunicable ? --Kenle.
Excommunicant \Ex`com*mu"ni*cant\, n.
One who has been excommunicated.
Excommunicate \Ex"com*mu"ni*cate\, a. [L. excommunicatus, p. p.
of communicare to excommunicate; ex out + communicare. See
{Communicate}.]
Excommunicated; interdicted from the rites of the church. --
n. One excommunicated.
Thou shalt stand cursed and excommunicate. --Shak.
Excommunicate \Ex`com*mu"ni*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Excommunicated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Excommunicating}.]
1. To put out of communion; especially, to cut off, or shut
out, from communion with the church, by an ecclesiastical
sentence.
2. To lay under the ban of the church; to interdict.
Martin the Fifth . . . was the first that
excommunicated the reading of heretical books.
--Miltin.
Excommunication \Ex`com*mu`ni*ca"tion\, n. [L. excommunicatio:
cf. F. excommunication.]
The act of communicating or ejecting; esp., an ecclesiastical
censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is,
for the time, cast out of the communication of the church;
exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual.
Note: excommunication is of two kinds, the lesser and the
greater; the lesser excommunication is a separation or
suspension from partaking of the Eucharist; the greater
is an absolute execution of the offender from the
church and all its rights and advantages, even from
social intercourse with the faithful.
Excommunicator \Ex`com*mu"ni*ca`tor\n. [Cf. LL. excommunicator.]
One who excommunicates.
Excommunion \Ex`com*mun"ion\
A shutting out from communion; excommunication. [Obs.]
Excommunication is the utmost of ecclesiastical
judicature. --Milton.
Excoriable \Ex*co"ri*a*ble\
Capable of being excoriated.
The scaly covering of fishes, . . . even in such as are
excoriatable. --Sir T.
Browne.
Eccoriate \Ec*co"ri*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excoriated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {excoriating}.] [L. excoriare; ex out + corium
hide. cf. {Scourge}; see {Cuirass}.]
To strip or wear off the skin of; to abrade; to gall; to
break and remove the cuticle of, in any manner, as by
rubbing, beating, or by the action of acrid substances.
Excoriation \Ex*co`ri*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. excoriation.]
1. The act of excoriating or flaying, or state of being
excoriated, or stripped of the skin; abrasion.
2. Stripping of possession; spoliation. [Obs.]
A pitiful excoriation of the poorer sort. --Howell.
Excorticate \Ex*cor"ti*cate\, v. t. [L. ex out, from + cortex,
corticis, bark.]
To strip of bark or skin; to decorticate. [Obs.]
``Excorticate the tree.'' --Evelyn.
Excortication \Ex*cor`ti*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. excortication.]
The act of stripping off bark, or the state of being thus
stripped; decortication.
Excreable \Ex"cre*a*ble\, a. [L. excreabilis, exscreabilis, fr.
exscreare. See {Excreate}.]
Capable of being discharged by spitting. [Obs.] --Swift.
Excreate \Ex"cre*ate\, v. t. [L. excreare, exsreare; ex out +
screare to hawk.]
To spit out; to discharge from the throat by hawking and
spitting. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Excreation \Ex`cre*a"tion\, n. [L. excreatio, exscreatio.]
Act of spitting out. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Excrement \Ex"cre*ment\, n. [L. excrementum, fr. excernere,
excretum, to skin out, discharge: cf. F. excr['e]ment. See
{Excrete}.]
Matter excreted and ejected; that which is excreted or cast
out of the animal body by any of the natural emunctories;
especially, alvine, discharges; dung; ordure.
Excrement \Ex"cre*ment\, n. [L. excrementum, fr. excrescere,
excretum, to grow out. See {Excrescence}.]
An excrescence or appendage; an outgrowth. [Obs.]
``Ornamental excrements.'' --Fuller.
Living creatures put forth (after their period of
growth) nothing that is young but hair and nails, which
are excrements and no parts. --Bacon.
Excremental \Ex`cre*men"tal\, a.
Of or pertaining to excrement.
Excrementitial \Ex`cre*men*ti"tial\, Excrementitious
\Ex`cre*men*ti"tious\, a. (Physiol.)
Pertaining to, or consisting of, excrement; of the nature of
excrement.
Excrementive \Ex`cre*men"tive\, a.
Serving to excrete; connected with excretion or excrement.
[R.] ``The excrementive parts.'' --Felthman.
Excrementize \Ex"cre*ment*ize`\v. i.
To void excrement. [R.] --Life of A. Wood ?.
Excrescence \Ex*cres"cence\n. [F. excrescence, excroissanse, L.
excrescentia excrescences, neut. pl. of p. pr. of excrescere.
See {Excrescent}.]
An excrescent appendage, as, a wart or tumor; anything
growing out unnaturally from anything else; a preternatural
or morbid development; hence, a troublesome superfluity; an
incumbrance; as, an excrescence on the body, or on a plant.
``Excrescences of joy.'' --Jer. Taylor.
The excrescences of the Spanish monarchy. --Addison.
Excrescency \Ex*cres"cen*cy\, n.
Excrescence. [Obs.]
Excrescent \Ex*cres"cent\, a. [L. excresens, -entis, p. pr. of
excrescere to grow out; ex out + crescere to grow. See
{Crescent}.]
Growing out in an abnormal or morbid manner or as a
superfluity.
Expunge the whole, or lip the excrescent parts. --Pope.
{Excrescent letter} (Philol.), a letter which has been added
to a root; as, the d in alder (AS. alr) is an excrescent
letter.
Excrescential \Ex`cres*cen"tial\a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, an excrescence. [R.]
--Hawthorne.
Excreta \Ex*cre"ta\, n. pl. [L.]
Matters to be excreted.
Excrete \Ex*crete"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excreted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Excreting}.] [L. excretus, p. p. of excernere to sift
out, discharge; ex out + cernere to sift, separate. See
{Crisis}.]
To separate and throw off; to excrete urine. ``The mucus thus
excreted.'' --Hooper.
Excretin \Ex"cre*tin\, n. [From {Excrete}.] (physiol. Chem.)
A nonnitrogenous, crystalline body, present in small quantity
in human f[ae]ces.
Excretion \Ex*cre"tion\, n. [Cf. F. excr['e]tion.]
1. The act of excreting.
To promote secretion and excretion. --Pereira.
2. That which is excreted; excrement. --Bacon.
Excretive \Ex*cre"tive\, a.
Having the power of excreting, or promoting excretion.
--Harvey.
Excretory \Ex*cre"to*ry\, a. [Cf. F. excr['e]toire.]
Having the quality of excreting, or throwing off
excrementitious matter.
Excruciable \Ex*cru"ci*a*ble\, a. [L. excruciabilis.]
Liable to torment. [R.] --Bailey.
Excruciate \Ex*cru"ci*ate\, a. [L. excruciatus, p. p. of
excruciare to excruciate; ex out + cruciare to put to death
on a cross, to torment. See {Cruciate}, {Cross}.]
Excruciated; tortured.
And here my heart long time excruciate. --Chapman.
Excruciate \Ex*cru"ci*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excruciated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Excruciating}.]
To inflict agonizing pain upon; to torture; to torment
greatly; to rack; as, to excruciate the heart or the body.
Their thoughts, like devils, them excruciate.
--Drayton.
Excruciating \Ex*cru"ci*a`ting\
Torturing; racking. ``Excruciating pain.'' --V. Knox.
``Excruciating fears.'' --Bentley -- {Ex*cru"ci*a`ting*ly},
adv.
Excruciation \Ex*cru`ci*a"tion\n. [L. excruciatio.]
The act of inflicting agonizing pain, or the state of being
thus afflicted; that which excruciates; torture. --Feltham.
Excubation \Ex`cu*ba"tion\n. [L. excubatio, fr. excubare to lie
out on guard; ex out on guard; ex out + cubare to lie down.]
A keeping watch. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Excubitorium \Ex*cu`bi*to"ri*um\, n. [LL. excubitorium; ex out +
cubare, cubitum, to lie.] (Eccl. Antiq.)
A gallery in a church, where persons watched all night.
Exculpable \Ex*cul"pa*ble\
Capable of being exculpated; deserving exculpation. --Sir G.
Buck.
Exculpate \Ex*cul"pate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exculpated}, p.
pr. & vb. n.. {Exculpating} (?).] [L. ex out + culpatus, p.
p. of culpare to find fault with, to blame, culpa fault. See
{Culpable}.]
To clear from alleged fault or guilt; to prove to be
guiltless; to relieve of blame; to acquit.
He exculpated himself from being the author of the
heroic epistle. --Mason.
I exculpate him further for his writing against me.
--Milman.
Syn: To exonerate; absolve; clear; acquit; excuse; vindicate;
justify.
Exculpation \Ex`cul*pa"tion\, n. [Cf. LL. exculpatio.]
The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime; that
which exculpates; excuse.
These robbers, however, were men who might have made
out a strong case in exculpation of themselves.
--Southey.
Exculpatory \Ex*cul"pa*to*ry\
Clearing, or tending to clear, from alleged fault or guilt;
excusing. ``An exculpatory letter.'' --Johnson.
Excur \Ex*cur"\i. [L. excurrere. See {Excurrent}.]
To run out or forth; to extend. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Excurrent \Ex*cur"rent\, a. [L. excurrens, p. p. of excurrere,
excursum, to run out; ex out + currere to run. See
{Current}.]
1. Running or flowing out; as: (Bot.) Running or extending
out; as, an excurrent midrib, one which projects beyond
the apex of a leaf; an excurrent steam or trunk, one which
continues to the top.
2. (Zo["o]l) Characterized by a current which flows outward;
as, an excurrent orifice or tube.
Excurse \Ex*curse"\, v. t. [See {excurrent}.]
To journey or pass thought. [R.]
Excursion \Ex*cur"sion\ [L. excursio: cf. F. excursion. See
{Excurrent}.]
1. A running or going out or forth; an expedition; a sally.
Far on excursion toward the gates of hell. --Milton.
They would make excursions and waste the country.
--Holland.
2. A journey chiefly for recreation; a pleasure trip; a brief
tour; as, an excursion into the country.
3. A wandering from a subject; digression.
I am not in a scribbling mood, and shall therefore
make no excursions. --Cowper.
4. (Mach.) Length of stroke, as of a piston; stroke. [An
awkward use of the word.]
Syn: Journey; tour; ramble; jaunt. See {Journey}.
Excursionist \Ex*cur"sion*ist\, n.
One who goes on an excursion, or pleasure trip.
Excursive \Ex*cur"sive\, a.
Prone to make excursions; wandering; roving; exploring; as,
an excursive fancy.
The course of excursive . . . understandings. --I.
Taylor.
-- {Ex*cur"sive*ly}, adv. -- {Ex*cur"sive*ness},, n.
Excursus \Ex*cur"sus\, n. [L., fr. excurrere, excursum. See
{Excurrent}.]
A dissertation or digression appended to a work, and
containing a more extended exposition of some important point
or topic.
Excusable \Ex*cus"a*ble\a. [L. excusabilis: cf. F. excusable.
See {Excuse}.]
That may be excused, forgiven, justified, or acquitted of
blame; pardonable; as, the man is excusable; an excusable
action. -- {Ex*cus"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Ex*cus"a*bly}, adv.
The excusableness of my dissatisfaction. --Boyle.
Excusation \Ex`cu*sa"tion\, n. [L. excusatio: cf. F.
excusation.]
Excuse; apology. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Excusator \Ex`cu*sa"tor\, n. [L.]
One who makes, or is authorized to make, an excuse; an
apologist. [Obs.] --Hume.
Excusatory \Ex*cus"a*to*ry\, a.
Making or containing excuse or apology; apologetical; as, an
excusatory plea.
Excuse \Ex*cuse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Excused}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Excusing}.] [OE. escusen, cusen, OF. escuser, excuser, F.
excuser, fr. L. excusare; ex out + causa cause, causari to
plead. See {Cause}.]
1. To free from accusation, or the imputation of fault or
blame; to clear from guilt; to release from a charge; to
justify by extenuating a fault; to exculpate; to absolve;
to acquit.
A man's persuasion that a thing is duty, will not
excuse him from guilt in practicing it, if really
and indeed it be against Gog's law. --Abp. Sharp.
2. To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to
be little censurable, and to overlook; as, we excuse
irregular conduct, when extraordinary circumstances appear
to justify it.
I must excuse what can not be amended. --Shak.
3. To regard with indulgence; to view leniently or to
overlook; to pardon.
And in our own (excuse some courtly stains.) No
whiter page than Addison remains. --Pope.
4. To free from an impending obligation or duty; hence, to
disengage; to dispense with; to release by favor; also, to
remit by favor; not to exact; as, to excuse a forfeiture.
I pray thee have me excused. --xiv. 19.
5. To relieve of an imputation by apology or defense; to make
apology for as not seriously evil; to ask pardon or
indulgence for.
Think ye that we excuse ourselves to you? --2 Cor.
xii. 19.
Syn: To vindicate; exculpate; absolve; acquit.
Usage: - {To Pardon}, {Excuse}, {Forgive}. A superior pardons
as an act of mercy or generosity; either a superior or
an equal excuses. A crime, great fault, or a grave
offence, as one against law or morals, may be
pardoned; a small fault, such as a failure in social
or conventional obligations, slight omissions or
neglects may be excused. Forgive relates to offenses
against one's self, and punishment foregone; as, to
forgive injuries or one who has injured us; to pardon
grave offenses, crimes, and criminals; to excuse an
act of forgetfulness, an unintentional offense. Pardon
is also a word of courtesy employed in the sense of
excuse.
Excuse \Ex*cuse"\, n. [Cf. F. excuse. See {Excuse}, v. t.]
1. The act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning,
releasing, and the like; acquittal; release; absolution;
justification; extenuation.
Pleading so wisely in excuse of it. --Shak.
2. That which is offered as a reason for being excused; a
plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular
deportment; apology; as, an excuse for neglect of duty;
excuses for delay of payment.
Hence with denial vain and coy excuse. --Milton.
3. That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a
fault. ``It hath the excuse of youth.'' --Shak.
If eyes were made for seeing. Then beauty is its own
excuse for being. --Emerson.
Syn: See {Apology}.
Excuseless \Ex*cuse"less\, a.
Having no excuse; not admitting of excuse or apology.
--Whillock.
Excusement \Ex*cuse"ment\, n. [Cf. OF. excusement.]
Excuse. [Obs.] --Gower.
Excuser \Ex*cus"er\, n.
1. One who offers excuses or pleads in extenuation of the
fault of another. --Swift.
2. One who excuses or forgives another. --Shelton.
Excuss \Ex*cuss"\, v. t. [L. excussus. p. p. of excutere to
shake off; ex out, from + quatere to shake. Cf. {Quash}.]
1. To shake off; to discard. [R.]
To excuss the notation of a Geity out of their
minds. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
2. To inspect; to investigate; to decipher. [R.]
To take some pains in excusing some old monuments.
--F. Junius
(1654).
3. To seize and detain by law, as goods. [Obs.] --Ayliffe.
Excussion \Ex*cus"sion\, n. [L. excussio a shaking down; LL., a
threshing of corn: cf. F. excussion.]
The act of excusing; seizure by law. [Obs.] --Ayliffe.
Exeat \Ex"e*at\, n. [L., let him go forth.]
1. A license for absence from a college or a religious house.
[Eng.] --Shipley.
2. A permission which a bishop grants to a priest to go out
of his diocese. --Wharton.
Execrable \Ex"e*cra*ble\, a. [L. execrabilis, exsecrabilis: cf.
F. ex['e]crable. See {Execrate}.]
Deserving to be execrated; accursed; damnable; detestable;
abominable; as, an execrable wretch. ``Execrable pride.''
--Hooker. -- {Ex"e*cra*ble*ness}, n. -- {Ex"e*cra*bly}, adv.
Execrate \Ex"e*crate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Execrated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Execrating}.] [L. execratus, exsecratus, p. p. of
execrare, exsecrare, to execrate; ex out + sacer holy,
sacred. See {Sacred}.]
To denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil upon; to
curse; to protest against as unholy or detestable; hence, to
detest utterly; to abhor; to abominate. ``They . . . execrate
their lct.'' --Cowper.
Execration \Ex`e*cra"tion\, n. [L. execratio, exsecratio: cf. F.
ex['e]cration.]
1. The act of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings
of hatred; imprecation; utter detestation expressed.
Cease, gentle, queen, these execrations. --Shak.
2. That which is execrated; a detested thing.
Ye shall be an execration and . . . a curse. --Jer.
xlii. 18.
Syn: See {Malediction}.
Execrative \Ex"e*cra*tive\, a.
Cursing; imprecatory; vilifying. --Carlyle. --
{Ex"e*cra*tive*ly}, adv.
Execrative \Ex"e*cra*tive\, n.
A word used for cursing; an imprecatory word or expression.
--Earle.
Execratory \Ex"e*cra*to*ry\, a.
Of the nature of execration; imprecatory; denunciatory. --C.
Kingsley. -- n. A formulary of execrations. --L. Addison.
Exect \Ex*ect"\, v. t. [See {Exsect}.]
To cut off or out. [Obs.] See {Exsect}. --Harvey.
Exection \Ex*ec"tion\, n. [Obs.]
See {Exsection}.
Executable \Ex"e*cu`ta*ble\, a.
Capable of being executed; feasible; as, an executable
project. [R.]
Executant \Ex*ec"u*tant\, n.
One who executes or performs; esp., a performer on a musical
instrument.
Great executants on the organ. --De Quincey.
Execute \Ex"e*cute\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Executed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Executing}.] [F. ex['e]cuter, L. executus, exsecutus,
p. p. of exequi to follow to the end, pursue; ex out + sequi
to follow. See {Second}, {Sue} to follow up, and cf.
{Exequy}.]
1. To follow out or through to the end; to carry out into
complete effect; to complete; to finish; to effect; to
perform.
Why delays His hand to execute what his decree Fixed
on this day? --Milton.
2. To complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is
required to give validity to, as by signing and perhaps
sealing and delivering; as, to execute a deed, lease,
mortgage, will, etc.
3. To give effect to; to do what is provided or required by;
to perform the requirements or stimulations of; as, to
execute a decree, judgment, writ, or process.
4. To infect capital punishment on; to put to death in
conformity to a legal sentence; as, to execute a traitor.
5. Too put to death illegally; to kill. [Obs.] --Shak.
6. (Mus.) To perform, as a piece of music, either on an
instrument or with the voice; as, to execute a difficult
part brilliantly.
Syn: To accomplish; effect; fulfill; achieve; consummate;
finish; complete. See {Accomplish}.
Execute \Ex"e*cute\, v. i.
1. To do one's work; to act one's part of purpose. [R.]
--Hayward.
2. To perform musically.
Executer \Ex"e*cu`ter\, n.
One who performs or carries into effect. See {Executor}.
Execution \Ex`e*cu"tion\, n. [F. ex['e]cution, L. executio,
exsecutio.]
1. The act of executing; a carrying into effect or to
completion; performance; achievement; consummation; as,
the execution of a plan, a work, etc.
The excellence of the subject contributed much to
the happiness of the execution. --Dryden.
2. A putting to death as a legal penalty; death lawfully
inflicted; as, the execution of a murderer.
A warrant for his execution. --Shak.
3. The act of the mode of performing a work of art, of
performing on an instrument, of engraving, etc.; as, the
execution of a statue, painting, or piece of music.
The first quality of execution is truth. --Ruskin.
4. (Law)
(a) The carrying into effect the judgment given in a court
of law.
(b) A judicial writ by which an officer is empowered to
carry a judgment into effect; final process.
(c) The act of signing, and delivering a legal instrument,
or giving it the forms required to render it valid;
as, the execution of a deed, or a will.
5. That which is executed or accomplished; effect; effective
work; -- usually with do.
To do some fatal execution. --Shak.
6. The act of sacking a town. [Obs.] --Beau. & FL.
Executioner \Ex`e*cu"tion*er\, n.
1. One who executes; an executer. --Bacon.
2. One who puts to death in conformity to legal warrant, as a
hangman.
Executive \Ex*ec"u*tive\, a. [Cf.F. ex['e]cutif.]
Designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect;
as, executive talent; qualifying for, concerned with, or
pertaining to, the execution of the laws or the conduct of
affairs; as, executive power or authority; executive duties,
officer, department, etc.
Note: In government, executive is distinguished from
legislative and judicial; legislative being applied to
the organ or organs of government which make the laws;
judicial, to that which interprets and applies the
laws; executive, to that which carries them into effect
or secures their due performance.
Executive \Ex*ec"u*tive\, n.
An impersonal title of the chief magistrate or officer who
administers the government, whether king, president, or
governor; the governing person or body.
Executively \Ex*ec"u*tive*ly\, adv.
In the way of executing or performing.
Executor \Ex*ec"u*tor\, n. [L. executor, exsecutor: cf. F.
ex['e]cuteur. Cf. {Executer}.]
1. One who executes or performs; a doer; as, an executor of
baseness. --Shak.
2. An executioner. [Obs.]
Delivering o'er to executors paw? The lazy, yawning
drone. --Shak.
3. (Law) The person appointed by a testator to execute his
will, or to see its provisions carried into effect, after
his decease.
{Executor de son tort} [Of., executor of his own wrong]
(Law), a stranger who intermeddles without authority in
the distribution of the estate of a deceased person.
Executorial \Ex*ec`u*to"ri*al\, a. [LL. executorialis.]
Of or pertaining to an executive.
Executorship \Ex*ec"u*tor*ship\, n.
The office of an executor.
Executory \Ex*ec"u*to*ry\, a. [LL. executorius, L. exsecutorius:
cf.F. ex['e]cutoire.]
1. Pertaining to administration, or putting the laws in
force; executive.
The official and executory duties of government.
--Burke.
2. (Law) Designed to be executed or carried into effect in
time to come, or to take effect on a future contingency;
as, an executory devise, reminder, or estate; an executory
contract. --Blackstone.
Executress \Ex*ec"u*tress\, n. [Cf.F. ex['e]cutrice.]
An executrix.
Executrix \Ex*ec"u*trix\, n. [LL.] (Law)
A woman exercising the functions of an executor.
Exedent \Ex"e*dent\, a. [L. exedent, -entis, p. pr. of exedere.
See {Exesion}.]
Eating out; consuming. [R.]
Exedra \Ex"e*dra\, n.; pl. {Exedr[ae]}. [L., fr. Gr ?; ? out + ?
seat.]
1. (Class. Antiq.) A room in a public building, furnished
with seats.
2. (Arch.)
(a) The projection of any part of a building in a rounded
form.
(b) Any out-of-door seat in stone, large enough for
several persons; esp., one of curved form.
Exegesis \Ex`e*ge"sis\, n.; pl. {Exegeses}. [NL., fr.Gr. ?,fr. ?
to explain, interpret; ? out + ? to guide, lead, akin, to ?
to lead. See {Agent}.]
1. Exposition; explanation; especially, a critical
explanation of a text or portion of Scripture.
2. (Math.) The process of finding the roots of an equation.
[Obs.]
Exegete \Ex"e*gete\, n. [Gr. ?: cf.F. ex['e]g[`e]te. See
{Exegesis}.]
An exegetist.
Exegetic \Ex`e*get"ic\, Exegetical \Ex`e*get"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?:
cf. F. ex['e]g['e]tique.]
Pertaining to exegesis; tending to unfold or illustrate;
explanatory; expository. --Walker. {Ex`e*get"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Exegetics \Ex`e*get"ics\, n.
The science of interpretation or exegesis.
Exegetist \Ex`e*ge"tist\, n.
One versed in the science of exegesis or interpretation; --
also called {exegete}.
Exemplar \Ex*em"plar\, n. [L. exemplar, exemplum: cf. F.
exemplaire. See {Example}, and cf. {Examper}, {Sampler}.]
1. A model, original, or pattern, to be copied or imitated; a
specimen; sometimes; an ideal model or type, as that which
an artist conceives.
Such grand exemplar as make their own abilities the
sole measure of what is fit or unfit. --South.
2. A copy of a book or writing. [Obs.] --Udall.
Exemplar \Ex*em"plar\, a.
Exemplary. [Obs.]
The exemplar piety of the father of a family. --Jer.
Taylor.
Exemplarily \Ex"em*pla*ri*ly\, adv.
In a manner fitted or designed to be an example for imitation
or for warning; by way of example.
She is exemplarily loyal. --Howell.
Some he punisheth exemplarily. --Hakewill.
Exemplariness \Ex"em*pla*ri*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being exemplary; fitness to be an
example.
Exemplarity \Ex`em*plar"i*ty\, n. [Cf. LL. exemplaritas.]
Exemplariness. [R.]
The exemplarity of Christ's life. --Abp. Sharp.
Exemplary \Ex"em*pla*ry\, a. [L. exemplaris, fr. exemplar: cf.
F. exemplaire. See {Exemplar}.]
1. Serving as a pattern; deserving to be proposed for
imitation; commendable; as, an exemplary person; exemplary
conduct.
[Bishops'] lives and doctrines ought to be
exemplary. --Bacon.
2. Serving as a warning; monitory; as, exemplary justice,
punishment, or damages.
3. Illustrating as the proof of a thing. --Fuller.
{Exemplary damages}. (Law) See under {Damage}.
Exemplary \Ex"em*pla*ry\, n.
An exemplar; also, a copy of a book or writing. [Obs.]
--Donne.
Exemplifiable \Ex*em"pli*fi`a*ble\, a.
That can be exemplified.
Exemplification \Ex*em`pli*fi*ca"tion\, n.
1. The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by
example.
2. That which exemplifies; a case in point; example.
3. (Law) A copy or transcript attested to be correct by the
seal of an officer having custody of the original.
Exemplifier \Ex*em"pli*fi`er\, n.
One who exemplifies by following a pattern.
Exemplify \Ex*em"pli*fy\v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exemplified}; p.
pr. &. vb. n. {Exemplifying}.] [L. exemplum example + -fy:
cf. LL. exemplificare to copy, serve as an example.]
1. To show or illustrate by example.
He did but . . . exemplify the principles in which
he had been brought up. --Cowper.
2. To copy; to transcribe; to make an attested copy or
transcript of, under seal, as of a record. --Holland.
3. To prove or show by an attested copy.
Exempt \Ex*empt"\, a. [F. exempt, L. exemptus, p. p. of eximere
to take out, remove, free; ex out + emere to buy, take. Cf.
{Exon}, {Redeem}.]
1. Cut off; set apart. [Obs.]
Corrupted, and exempt from ancient gentry. --Shak.
2. Extraordinary; exceptional. [Obs.] --Chapman.
3. Free, or released, from some liability to which others are
subject; excepted from the operation or burden of some
law; released; free; clear; privileged; -- (with from):
not subject to; not liable to; as, goods exempt from
execution; a person exempt from jury service.
True nobility is exempt from fear. --Shak.
T is laid on all, not any one exempt. --Dryden.
Exempt \Ex*empt"\, n.
1. One exempted or freed from duty; one not subject.
2. One of four officers of the Yeomen of the Royal Guard,
having the rank of corporal; an Exon. [Eng.]
Exempt \Ex*empt"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exempted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Exempting}.] [F. exempter. See {Exempt}, a.]
1. To remove; to set apart. [Obs.] --Holland.
2. To release or deliver from some liability which others are
subject to; to except or excuse from he operation of a
law; to grant immunity to; to free from obligation; to
release; as, to exempt from military duty, or from jury
service; to exempt from fear or pain.
Death So snatched will not exempt us from the pain
We are by doom to pay. --Milton.
Exemptible \Ex*empt"i*ble\, a.
That may be exempted.
Exemption \Ex*emp"tion\, n. [L. exenptio a removing: cf. F.
exemption exemption.]
The act of exempting; the state of being exempt; freedom from
any charge, burden, evil, etc., to which others are subject;
immunity; privilege; as, exemption of certain articles from
seizure; exemption from military service; exemption from
anxiety, suffering, etc.
Exemptitious \Ex`emp*ti"tious\, a.
Separable. [Obs.] ``Exemptitious from matter.'' --Dr. H.
More.
Exenterate \Ex*en"ter*ate\, v. t. [L. exenteratus, p. p. of
exenterare; cf. Gr. ?; ? out + ? intestine.]
To take out the bowels or entrails of; to disembowel; to
eviscerate; as, exenterated fishes. [R.]
Exenterated rule-mongers and eviscerated logicians.
--Hare.
Exenteration \Ex*en`ter*a"tion\, n. [LL. exenteratio.]
Act of exenterating. [R.]
Exequatur \Ex`e*qua"tur\, n. [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of
exequi, exsequi, to perform, execute.]
1. A written official recognition of a consul or commercial
agent, issued by the government to which he is accredited,
and authorizing him to exercise his powers in the place to
which he is assigned.
2. Official recognition or permission. --Prescott.
Exequial \Ex*e"qui*al\, a. [L. exequialis, exsequialis, fr.
exsequiae exequies.]
Of or pertaining to funerals; funereal.
Exequious \Ex*e"qui*ous\, a.
Funereal. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Exequy \Ex"e*quy\, n.; pl. {Exequies}. [L. exequiae, exsequiae,
a funeral procession, fr. exsequi to follow out: cf. OF.
exeques. See {Exequte}.]
A funeral rite (usually in the plural); the ceremonies of
burial; obsequies; funeral procession.
But see his exequies fulfilled in Rouen. --Shak.
Exercent \Ex*er"cent\, a. [L. exercents, -entis, p. pr. of
exercere. See {Exercise}.]
Practicing; professional. [Obs.] ``Every exercent advocate.''
--Ayliffe.
Exercisable \Ex"er*ci`sa*ble\a.
That may be exercised, used, or exerted.
Exercise \Ex"er*cise\, n. [F. exercice, L. exercitium, from
exercere, exercitum, to drive on, keep, busy, prob. orig., to
thrust or drive out of the inclosure; ex out + arcere to shut
up, inclose. See {Ark}.]
1. The act of exercising; a setting in action or practicing;
employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion;
application; use; habitual activity; occupation, in
general; practice.
exercise of the important function confided by the
constitution to the legislature. --Jefferson.
O we will walk this world, Yoked in all exercise of
noble end. --Tennyson.
2. Exertion for the sake of training or improvement whether
physical, intellectual, or moral; practice to acquire
skill, knowledge, virtue, perfectness, grace, etc.
``Desire of knightly exercise.'' --Spenser.
An exercise of the eyes and memory. --Locke.
3. Bodily exertion for the sake of keeping the organs and
functions in a healthy state; hygienic activity; as, to
take exercise on horseback.
The wise for cure on exercise depend. --Dryden.
4. The performance of an office, a ceremony, or a religious
duty.
Lewis refused even those of the church of England .
. . the public exercise of their religion.
--Addison.
To draw him from his holy exercise. --Shak.
5. That which is done for the sake of exercising, practicing,
training, or promoting skill, health, mental, improvement,
moral discipline, etc.; that which is assigned or
prescribed for such ends; hence, a disquisition; a lesson;
a task; as, military or naval exercises; musical
exercises; an exercise in composition.
The clumsy exercises of the European tourney.
--Prescott.
He seems to have taken a degree, and performed
public exercises in Cambridge, in 1565. --Brydges.
6. That which gives practice; a trial; a test.
Patience is more oft the exercise Of saints, the
trial of their fortitude. --Milton.
{Exercise bone} (Med.), a deposit of bony matter in the soft
tissues, produced by pressure or exertion.
Exercise \Ex"er*cise\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exercised}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Exercising}.]
1. To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion;
to give employment to; to put in action habitually or
constantly; to school or train; to exert repeatedly; to
busy.
Herein do I Exercise myself, to have always a
conscience void of offence. --Acts xxiv.
16.
2. To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to
practice in order to develop; hence, also, to improve by
practice; to discipline, and to use or to for the purpose
of training; as, to exercise arms; to exercise one's self
in music; to exercise troops.
About him exercised heroic games The unarmed youth.
--Milton.
3. To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax,
especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to
vex; to worry or make anxious; to affect; to discipline;
as, exercised with pain.
Where pain of unextinguishable fire Must exercise us
without hope of end. --Milton.
4. To put in practice; to carry out in action; to perform the
duties of; to use; to employ; to practice; as, to exercise
authority; to exercise an office.
I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness,
judgment, and righteousness in the earth. --Jer. ix.
24.
The people of the land have used oppression and
exercised robbery. --Ezek. xxii.
29.
Exercise \Ex"er*cise\, v. i.
To exercise one's self, as under military training; to drill;
to take exercise; to use action or exertion; to practice
gymnastics; as, to exercise for health or amusement.
I wear my trusty sword, When I do exercise. --Cowper.
Exerciser \Ex"er*ci`ser\, n.
One who exercises.
Exercisible \Ex"er*ci`si*ble\, a.
Capable of being exercised, employed, or enforced; as, the
authority of a magistrate is exercisible within his
jurisdiction.
Exercitation \Ex*er`ci*ta"tion\, n. [L. exercitatio, fr.
exercitare, intense., fr. exercere to exercise: CF. f.
exercitation.]
exercise; practice; use. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Exergue \Ex*ergue"\, n. [F., fr. Gr. ? out + ? work; lit., out
work, i. e., accessory work. See {Work}.] (Numis.)
The small space beneath the base line of a subject engraved
on a coin or medal. It usually contains the date, place,
engraver's name, etc., or other subsidiary matter.
--Fairholt.
Exert \Ex*ert"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exerted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Exerting}.] [L. exertus, exsertus, p. p. of exerere,
exserere, to thrust out; ex out + serere to join or bind
together. See {Series}, and cf. {Exsert}.]
1. To thrust forth; to emit; to push out. [Obs.]
So from the seas exerts his radiant head The star by
whom the lights of heaven are led. --Dryden.
2. To put force, ability, or anything of the nature of an
active faculty; to put in vigorous action; to bring into
active operation; as, to exert the strength of the body,
limbs, faculties, or imagination; to exert the mind or the
voice.
3. To put forth, as the result or exercise of effort; to
bring to bear; to do or perform.
When we will has exerted an act of command on any
faculty of the soul or member of the body. --South.
{To exert one's self}, to use efforts or endeavors; to
strive; to make an attempt.
Exertion \Ex*er"tion\, n.
The act of exerting, or putting into motion or action; the
active exercise of any power or faculty; an effort, esp. a
laborious or perceptible effort; as, an exertion of strength
or power; an exertion of the limbs or of the mind; it is an
exertion for him to move, to-day.
Syn: Attempt; endeavor; effort; essay; trial. See {Attempt}.
Exertive \Ex*ert"ive\, a.
Having power or a tendency to exert; using exertion.
Exertment \Ex*ert"ment\, n.
Exertion. [R.]
Exesion \Ex*e"sion\, n. [L. exedere, exesum, to eat up; ex out +
edere to eat.]
The act of eating out or through. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Exestuate \Ex*es"tu*ate\, v. i. [L. exaestuatus,p. p. of
exaestuare to boil up. See {Estuate}.]
To be agitated; to boil up; to effervesce. [Obs.]
Exestuation \Ex*es`tu*a"tion\, n. [L. exaestuatio.]
A boiling up; effervescence. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Exeunt \Ex"e*unt\ [L., 3d pers. pl. pres. of exire to go out.]
They go out, or retire from the scene; as, exeunt all except
Hamlet. See 1st {Exit}.
Exfetation \Ex`fe*ta"tion\, n [Pref. ex- + fetation.] (Med.)
Imperfect fetation in some organ exterior to the uterus;
extra-uterine fetation. --Hoblyn.
Exfoliate \Ex*fo"li*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Exfoliated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Exfoliating}.] [L. exfoliare to strip of
leaves; ex out, from + folium leaf.]
1. To separate and come off in scales or lamin[ae], as pieces
of carious bone or of bark.
2. (Min.) To split into scales, especially to become
converted into scales at the result of heat or
decomposition.
Exfoliate \Ex*fo"li*ate\ v. t.
To remove scales, lamin[ae], or splinters from the surface
of.
Exfoliation \Ex*fo`li*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. exfoliation.]
The scaling off of a bone, a rock, or a mineral, etc.; the
state of being exfoliated.
Exfoliative \Ex*fo"li*a"tive\, a. [Cf.F. exfoliatif.]
Having the power of causing exfoliation. -- n. An exfoliative
agent. --Wiseman.
Exhalable \Ex*hal"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being exhaled or evaporated. --Boyle.
Exhalant \Ex*hal"ant\, a. [Cf. F. exhalant.]
Having the quality of exhaling or evaporating.
Exhalation \Ex`ha*la"tion\, n. [L. exhalatio: cf. F. exhalaison,
exhalation.]
1. The act or process of exhaling, or sending forth in the
form of steam or vapor; evaporation.
2. That which is exhaled, or which rises in the form of
vapor, fume, or steam; effluvium; emanation; as,
exhalations from the earth or flowers, decaying matter,
etc.
Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise From hill or
steaming lake. --Milton.
3. A bright phenomenon; a meteor.
I shall fall Like a bright exhalation in the
evening. --Shak.
Exhale \Ex*hale"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exaled}, p. pr. & vb.
n.. {Exaling}.] [L. exhalare; ex out + halare to breathe;
cf.F. exhaler. Cf. {Inhale}.]
1. To breathe out. Hence: To emit, as vapor; to send out, as
an odor; to evaporate; as, the earth exhales vapor;
marshes exhale noxious effluvia.
Less fragrant scents the unfolding rose exhales.
--Pope.
2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in vapor; as, the sum
exhales the moisture of the earth.
Exhale \Ex*hale"\, v. i.
To rise or be given off, as vapor; to pass off, or vanish.
Their inspiration exhaled in elegies. --Prescott.
Exhalement \Ex*hale"ment\, n.
Exhalation. [Obs.]
Exhalence \Ex*hal"ence\, n.
Exhalation. [R.]
Exhaust \Ex*haust"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exhausted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Exhausting}.] [L. exhaustus, p. p. of exhaurire; ex
out + haurire, haustum, to draw, esp. water; perhaps akin to
Icel. asua to sprinkle, pump.]
1. To draw or let out wholly; to drain off completely; as, to
exhaust the water of a well; the moisture of the earth is
exhausted by evaporation.
2. To empty by drawing or letting out the contents; as, to
exhaust a well, or a treasury.
3. To drain, metaphorically; to use or expend wholly, or till
the supply comes to an end; to deprive wholly of strength;
to use up; to weary or tire out; to wear out; as, to
exhaust one's strength, patience, or resources.
A decrepit, exhausted old man at fifty-five.
--Motley.
4. To bring out or develop completely; to discuss thoroughly;
as, to exhaust a subject.
5. (Chem.) To subject to the action of various solvents in
order to remove all soluble substances or extractives; as,
to exhaust a drug successively with water, alcohol, and
ether.
{Exhausted receiver}. (Physics) See under {Receiver}.
Syn: To spend; consume; tire out; weary.
Exhaust \Ex*haust"\, a. [L. exhaustus, p. p.]
1. Drained; exhausted; having expended or lost its energy.
2. Pertaining to steam, air, gas, etc., that is released from
the cylinder of an engine after having preformed its work.
{Exhaust draught}, a forced draught produced by drawing air
through a place, as through a furnace, instead of blowing
it through.
{Exhaust fan}, a fan blower so arranged as to produce an
exhaust draught, or to draw air or gas out of a place, as
out of a room in ventilating it.
{Exhaust nozzle}, {Exhaust orifice} (Steam Engine), the blast
orifice or nozzle.
{Exhaust pipe} (Steam Engine), the pipe that conveys exhaust
steam from the cylinder to the atmosphere or to the
condenser.
{Exhaust port} (Steam Engine), the opening, in the cylinder
or valve, by which the exhaust steam escapes.
{Exhaust purifier} (Milling), a machine for sorting grains,
or purifying middlings by an exhaust draught. --Knight.
{Exhaust steam} (Steam Engine), steam which is allowed to
escape from the cylinder after having been employed to
produce motion of the piston.
{Exhaust valve} (Steam Engine), a valve that lets exhaust
steam escape out of a cylinder.
Exhaust \Ex*haust"\, n. (Steam Engine)
1. The steam let out of a cylinder after it has done its work
there.
2. The foul air let out of a room through a register or pipe
provided for the purpose.
Exhauster \Ex*haust"er\n.
One who, or that which, exhausts or draws out.
Exhaustibility \Ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty\, n.
Capability of being exhausted.
I was seriously tormented by the thought of the
exhaustibility of musical combinations. --J. S. Mill.
Exhaustible \Ex*haust"i*ble\, a.
Capable of being exhausted, drained off, or expended.
--Johnson.
Exhausting \Ex*haust"ing\, a.
Producing exhaustion; as, exhausting labors. --
{Ex*haust"ing}, adv.
Exhaustion \Ex*haus"tion\, n. [Cf. F. exhaustion.]
1. The act of draining out or draining off; the act of
emptying completely of the contents.
2. The state of being exhausted or emptied; the state of
being deprived of strength or spirits.
3. (Math.) An ancient geometrical method in which an
exhaustive process was employed. It was nearly equivalent
to the modern method of limits.
Note: The method of exhaustions was applied to great variety
of propositions, pertaining to rectifications and
quadratures, now investigated by the calculus.
Exhaustive \Ex*haust"ive\, a.
Serving or tending to exhaust; exhibiting all the facts or
arguments; as, an exhaustive method. {Ex*haust"ive*ly}, adv.
Exhaustless \Ex*haust"less\, a.
Not be exhausted; inexhaustible; as, an exhaustless fund or
store.
Exhaustment \Ex*haust"ment\, n.
Exhaustion; drain. [Obs.]
Exhausture \Ex*haus"ture\, n.
Exhaustion. --Wraxall.
Exhedra \Ex"he*dra\, n. [NL.]
See {Exedra}.
Exheredate \Ex*her"e*date\, v. t. [L., exheredatus, p. p. of
exheredare to disinherit; ex out + heres, heredis, heir.]
To disinherit. [R.] --Huloet.
Exheredation \Ex*her`e*da"tion\, n. [L., exheredatio: cf. F.
exh['e]r['e]dation.]
A disinheriting; disherisor. [R.]
Exhereditation \Ex`he*red`i*ta"tion\, n. [LL. exhereditare,
exhereditatum, disinherit.]
A disinheriting; disherison. [R.] --E. Waterhouse.
Exhibit \Ex*hib"it\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exhibited}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Exhibiting}.] [L. exhibitus, p. p. of exhibere to
hold forth, to tender, exhibit; ex out + habere to have or
hold. See {Habit}.]
1. To hold forth or present to view; to produce publicly, for
inspection; to show, especially in order to attract notice
to what is interesting; to display; as, to exhibit
commodities in a warehouse, a picture in a gallery.
Exhibiting a miserable example of the weakness of
mind and body. --Pope.
2. (Law) To submit, as a document, to a court or officer, in
course of proceedings; also, to present or offer
officially or in legal form; to bring, as a charge.
He suffered his attorney-general to exhibit a charge
of high treason against the earl. --Clarendon.
3. (Med.) To administer as a remedy; as, to exhibit calomel.
{To exhibit a foundation or prize}, to hold it forth or to
tender it as a bounty to candidates.
{To exibit an essay}, to declaim or otherwise present it in
public. [Obs.]
Exhibit \Ex*hib"it\, n.
1. Any article, or collection of articles, displayed to view,
as in an industrial exhibition; a display; as, this
exhibit was marked A; the English exhibit.
2. (Law) A document produced and identified in court for
future use as evidence.
Exhibiter \Ex*hib"it*er\, n. [Cf. {Exhibitor}.]
One who exhibits; one who presents a petition, charge or
bill. --Shak.
Exhibition \Ex`hi*bi"tion\, n. [L. exhibitio a delivering: cf.
F. exhibition.]
1. The act of exhibiting for inspection, or of holding forth
to view; manifestation; display.
2. That which is exhibited, held forth, or displayed; also,
any public show; a display of works of art, or of feats of
skill, or of oratorical or dramatic ability; as, an
exhibition of animals; an exhibition of pictures, statues,
etc.; an industrial exhibition.
3. Sustenance; maintenance; allowance, esp. for meat and
drink; pension. Specifically: (Eng. Univ.) Private
benefaction for the maintenance of scholars.
What maintenance he from his friends receives, Like
exhibition thou shalt have from me. --Shak.
I have given more exhibitions to scholars, in my
days, than to the priests. --Tyndale.
4. (Med.) The act of administering a remedy.
Exhibitioner \Ex`hi*bi"tion*er\, n. (Eng. Univ.)
One who has a pension or allowance granted for support.
A youth who had as an exhibitioner from Christ's
Hospital. --G. Eliot.
Exhibitive \Ex*hib"it*ive\, a.
Serving for exhibition; representative; exhibitory. --Norris.
-- {Ex*hib"it*ive*ly}, adv.
Exhibitor \Ex*hib"it*or\, n. [Cf. L. exhibitor a giver.]
One who exhibits.
Exhibitory \Ex*hib"it*o*ry\, a. [L. exhibitorius relating to
giving up: cf. F. exhibitoire exhibiting.]
Exhibiting; publicly showing. --J. Warton.
Exhilarant \Ex*hil"a*rant\, a. [L. exhilarans. -antis, p. pr.
See {Exhilarate}.]
Exciting joy, mirth, or pleasure. -- n. That which
exhilarates.
Exhilarate \Ex*hil"a*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exhilarated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Exilarating}.] [L. exhilaratus, p. p. of
exhilarare to gladden; ex out + hilarare to make merry,
hilaris merry, cheerful. See {Hilarious}.]
To make merry or jolly; to enliven; to animate; to gladden
greatly; to cheer; as, good news exhilarates the mind; wine
exhilarates a man.
Exhilarate \Ex*hil"a*rate\, v. i.
To become joyous. [R.] --Bacon.
Exhilarating \Ex*hil"a*ra`ting\, a.
That exhilarates; cheering; gladdening. --
{Ex*hil"a*ra`ting*ly}, adv.
Exhilaration \Ex*hil`a*ra"tion\, n. [L., exhilaratio.]
1. The act of enlivening the spirits; the act of making glad
or cheerful; a gladdening.
2. The state of being enlivened or cheerful.
Exhilaration hath some affinity with joy, though it
be a much lighter motion. --Bacon.
Syn: Animation; joyousness; gladness; cheerfulness; gayety;
hilarity; merriment; jollity.
Exhort \Ex*hort"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exhorted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Exhorting}.] [L. exhortari; ex out + hortari to incite,
encourage; cf. F. exhorter. See {Hortative}.]
To incite by words or advice; to animate or urge by
arguments, as to a good deed or laudable conduct; to address
exhortation to; to urge strongly; hence, to advise, warn, or
caution.
Examples gross as earth exhort me. --Shak.
Let me exhort you to take care of yourself. --J. D.
Forbes.
Exhort \Ex*hort"\, v. i.
To deliver exhortation; to use words or arguments to incite
to good deeds.
With many other words did he testify and exhort. --Acts
ii. 40.
Exhort \Ex*hort"\, n.
Exhortation. [Obs.] --Pope.
Exhortation \Ex`hor*ta"tion\, n. [L. exhortatio: cf. F.
exhortation.]
1. The act of practice of exhorting; the act of inciting to
laudable deeds; incitement to that which is good or
commendable.
2. Language intended to incite and encourage; advice;
counsel; admonition.
I'll end my exhortation after dinner. --Shak.
Exhortative \Ex*hor"ta*tive\, a. [L. exhortativus: cf. F.
exhortatif.]
Serving to exhort; exhortatory; hortative. --Barrow.
Exhortatory \Ex*hor"ta*to*ry\a. [L. exhortatorius: cf. F.
exhortatoire.]
Of or pertaining to exhortation; hortatory. --Holinshed.
Exhorter \Ex*hort"er\, n.
One who exhorts or incites.
Exhumated \Ex*hu"ma*ted\, a.
Disinterred. [Obs.]
Exhumation \Ex`hu*ma"tion\, n. [Cf. LL. exhumatio, F.
exhumation.]
The act of exhuming that which has been buried; as, the
exhumation of a body.
Exhume \Ex*hume"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exhumed}p. pr. & vb. n..
{Exhuming}.] [LL. exhumare; L. ex out + humus ground, soil:
cf. F. exhumer. See {Humble}.]
To dig out of the ground; to take out of a place of burial;
to disinter. --Mantell.
Exiccate \Ex"ic*cate\, v. t.
See {Exsiccate}. [Obs.] --Holland.
Exiccation \Ex`ic*ca"tion\, n.
See {Exsiccation}. [Obs.]
Exigence \Ex"i*gence\, n. [F.]
Exigency. --Hooker.
Exigency \Ex"i*gen*cy\, n.; pl. {Exigencies}. [LL. exigentia:
cf. F. exigence.]
The state of being exigent; urgent or exacting want; pressing
necessity or distress; need; a case demanding immediate
action, supply, or remedy; as, an unforeseen exigency. ``The
present exigency of his affairs.'' --Ludlow.
Syn: Demand; urgency; distress; pressure; emergency;
necessity; crisis.
Exigendary \Ex`i*gen"da*ry\, n.
See {Exigenter}.
Exigent \Ex`i*gent\, a. [L. exigens, -entis, p. pr. of exigere
to drive out or forth, require, exact. See {Exact}.]
Exacting or requiring immediate aid or action; pressing;
critical. ``At this exigent moment.'' --Burke.
Exigent \Ex"i*gent\, n.
1. Exigency; pressing necessity; decisive moment. [Obs.]
Why do you cross me in this exigent? --Shak.
2. (o. Eng. Law) The name of a writ in proceedings before
outlawry. --Abbott.
Exigenter \Ex"i*gent*er\, n. (O. Eng. Law)
An officer in the Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas
whose duty it was make out exigents. The office in now
abolished. --Cowell.
Exigible \Ex"i*gi*ble\, a. [Cf. F. exigible. See {Exigent}.]
That may be exacted; repairable. [R.] --A. Smith.
Exiguity \Ex`i*gu"i*ty\, n. [L. exiguitas, fr. exiguus small:
cf. F. exiguit['e].]
Scantiness; smallness; thinness. [R.] --Boyle.
Exiguous \Ex*ig"u*ous\, a. [L. exiguus.]
Scanty; small; slender; diminutive. [R.] ``Exiguous
resources.'' --Carlyle. -- {Ex*ig"uous*ness}, n. [R.]
Exile \Ex"ile\, n. [OE. exil, fr. L. exilium, exsilium, fr.
exsuil one who quits, or is banished from, his native soil;
ex out + solum ground, land, soil, or perh. fr.the root of
salire to leap, spring; cf. F. exil. Cf. {Sole} of the foot,
{Saltation}.]
1. Forced separation from one's native country; expulsion
from one's home by the civil authority; banishment;
sometimes, voluntary separation from one's native country.
Let them be recalled from their exile. --Shak.
2. The person expelled from his country by authority; also,
one who separates himself from his home.
Thou art in exile, and thou must not stay. --Shak.
Syn: Banishment; proscription; expulsion.
Exile \Ex"ile\v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exiled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Exiling}.]
To banish or expel from one's own country or home; to drive
away. ``Exiled from eternal God.'' --Tennyson.
Calling home our exiled friends abroad. --Shak.
Syn: See {Banish}.
Exile \Ex*ile"\, a. [L. exilis.]
Small; slender; thin; fine. [Obs.] ``An exile sound.''
--Bacon.
Exilement \Ex"ile*ment\, n. [Cf. OF. exilement.]
Banishment. [R.] --Sir. H. Wotton.
Exilic \Ex*il"ic\, a.
Pertaining to exile or banishment, esp. to that of the Jews
in Babylon. --Encyc. Dict.
Exilition \Ex`i*li"tion\, n. [L. exsilire to spring from; ex out
+ salire to spring, leap.]
A sudden springing or leaping out. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Exility \Ex*il"ity\, n. [L. exilitas: cf. F. exilit['e]. See
{Exile}, a.]
Smallness; meagerness; slenderness; fineness, thinness. [R.]
--Paley.
Eximious \Ex*im"ious\a. [L. eximius taken out, i. e. select, fr.
eximere to take out. See {Exempt}.]
Select; choice; hence, extraordinary, excellent. [Obs.]
The eximious and arcane science of physic. --Fuller.
Exinanite \Ex*in"a*nite\, v. t. [L. exinanitus, p. p. of
exinanire; ex out (intens.) + inanire to make empty, inanis,
empty.]
To make empty; to render of no effect; to humble. [Obs.]
--Bp. Pearson.
Exinanition \Ex*in`a*ni"tion\n. [L. exinanitio.]
An emptying; an enfeebling; exhaustion; humiliation. [Obs.]
Fastings to the exinanition of spirits. --Jer. Taylor.
Exist \Ex*ist"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Existed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Existing}.] [L. existere, exsistere, to step out or forth,
emerge, appear, exist; ex out + sistere to cause to stand, to
set, put, place, stand still, fr. stare to stand: cf. F.
exister. See {Stand}.]
1. To be as a fact and not as a mode; to have an actual or
real being, whether material or spiritual.
Who now, alas! no more is missed Than if he never
did exist. --Swift.
To conceive the world . . . to have existed from
eternity. --South.
2. To be manifest in any manner; to continue to be; as, great
evils existed in his reign.
3. To live; to have life or the functions of vitality; as,
men can not exist water, nor fishes on land.
Syn: See {Be}.
Existence \Ex*ist"ence\, n. [Cf. F. existence.]
1. The state of existing or being; actual possession of
being; continuance in being; as, the existence of body and
of soul in union; the separate existence of the soul;
immortal existence.
The main object of our existence. --Lubbock.
2. Continued or repeated manifestation; occurrence, as of
events of any kind; as, the existence of a calamity or of
a state of war.
The existence therefore, of a phenomenon, is but
another word for its being perceived, or for the
inferred possibility of perceiving it. --J. S. Mill.
3. That which exists; a being; a creature; an entity; as,
living existences.
Existency \Ex*ist"en*cy\, n.
Existence. [R.] --Sir M. Hale.
Existent \Ex*ist"ent\, a. [L. existens, -entis, p. pr. of
existere. See {Exist}.]
Having being or existence; existing; being; occurring now;
taking place.
The eyes and mind are fastened on objects which have no
real being, as if they were truly existent. --Dryden.
Existential \Ex`is*ten"tial\, a.
Having existence. [Archaic] --Bp. Barlow.
--{Ex`is*ten"tial*ly}, adv. [Archaic]
Existentially as well as essentially intelligent.
--Colerige.
Exister \Ex*ist"er\, n.
One who exists.
Existible \Ex*ist"i*ble\, a.
Capable of existence. --Grew.
Existimation \Ex*is`ti*ma"tion\, n. [L. existimatio judgment,
opinion, fr. existimare to estimate. See {Estimate}.]
Esteem; opinion; reputation. [Obs.] --Steele.
Exit \Ex"it\ [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. of exire to go out. See
{Exeunt}, {Issue}.]
He (or she ) goes out, or retires from view; as, exit
Macbeth.
Note: The Latin words exit (he or she goes out), and exeunt (
they go out), are used in dramatic writings to indicate
the time of withdrawal from the stage of one or more of
the actors.
Exit \Ex"it\, n. [See 1st {Exit}.]
1. The departure of a player from the stage, when he has
performed his part.
They have their exits and their entrances. --Shak.
2. Any departure; the act of quitting the stage of action or
of life; death; as, to make one's exit.
Sighs for his exit, vulgarly called death. --Cowper.
3. A way of departure; passage out of a place; egress; way
out.
Forcing he water forth thought its ordinary exists.
--Woodward.
Exitial \Ex*i"tial\, Exitious \Ex*i"tious\, a. [L. exitialis,
exitious, fr. exitium a going out, a going to naught, i. e.,
ruin, fr. exire to go out: cf. F. exitial.]
Destructive; fatal. [Obs.] ``Exitial fevers.'' --Harvey.
Exo \Ex"o\ [Gr. ? out of, outside, fr. ? out. See {Ex}-.]
A prefix signifying out of, outside; as in exocarp, exogen,
exoskeleton.
Exocardiac \Ex`o*car"di*ac\, Exocardial \Ex`o*car"di*al\, a.
[Exo- + Gr. ? heat.] (Anat.)
Situated or arising outside of the heat; as, exocardial
murmurs; -- opposed to {endocardiac}.
Exocarp \Ex"o*carp\, n. [Exo- + Gr. ? fruit.] (Bot.)
The outer portion of a fruit, as the flesh of a peach or the
rind of an orange. See Illust. of {Drupe}.
Exoccipital \Ex`oc*cip"i*tal\, a. [Pref. ex- + occipital.]
(Anat.)
Pertaining to a bone or region on each side of the great
foremen of the skull. -- n. The exoccipital bone, which often
forms a part of the occipital in the adult, but is usually
distinct in the young.
Exocetus \Ex`o*ce"tus\ (? or ?), Exocoetus \Ex`oc[oe]"tus\, n.
[NL. exocetus, L. exocoetus a fish that sleeps on the shore,
Gr. 'exw`koitos, lit., sleeping out; 'e`xw outside of +
koi`th bed.] (Zo["o]l)
A genus of fishes, including the common flying fishes. See
{Flying fish}.
Exoculate \Ex*oc"u*late\, v. t. [L. exoculatus, p. p. of
exoculare to exoculate; ex out + oculus an eye.]
To deprive of eyes. [R.] --W. C. Hazlitt.
Exode \Ex"ode\n. [L. exodium, Gr. ? (sc. ? song) fr. ? belonging
to an exit, or to the finale of a tragedy, fr. ?: cf. F.
exode. See {Exodus}.]
1. Departure; exodus; esp., the exodus of the Israelites from
Egypt. [Obs.] --L. Coleman. Bolingbroke.
2. (Gr. Drama) The final chorus; the catastrophe.
3. (Rom. Antig.) An afterpiece of a comic description, either
a farce or a travesty.
Exodic \Ex*od"ic\, a. [Gr. ? belonging to departure. See
{Exodus}.] (Physiol.)
Conducting influences from the spinal cord outward; -- said
of the motor or efferent nerves. Opposed to esodic.
Exogium \Ex*o"gi*um\, n. [L.]
See {Exode}.
Exodus \Ex"o*dus\, n. [L., the book of Exodus, Gr. ? a going or
marching out; ? out + ? way, cf. {Skr}. [=a]-sad to
approach.]
1. A going out; particularly (the Exodus), the going out or
journey of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of
Moses; and hence, any large migration from a place.
2. The second of the Old Testament, which contains the
narrative of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt.
Exody \Ex"o*dy\, n.
Exodus; withdrawal. [Obs.]
The time of the Jewish exody. --Sir M. Hale.
Ex-official \Ex`-of*fi"cial\, a.
Proceeding from office or authority.
Ex officio \Ex` of*fi"ci*o\; pl. {Ex officiis}. [L.]
From office; by virtue, or as a consequence, of an office;
officially.
Exogamous \Ex*og"a*mous\, a. [Exo- + Gr. ? marriage.]
Relating to exogamy; marrying outside of the limits of one's
own tribe; -- opposed to endogenous.
Exogamy \Ex*og"a*my\, n.
The custom, or tribal law, which prohibits marriage between
members of the same tribe; marriage outside of the tribe; --
opposed to endogamy. --Lubbock.
Exogen \Ex"o*gen\, n. [Exo- + -gen: cf. F. exog[`e]ne.] (Bot.)
A plant belonging to one of the greater part of the vegetable
kingdom, and which the plants are characterized by having c
wood bark, and pith, the wood forming a layer between the
other two, and increasing, if at all, by the animal addition
of a new layer to the outside next to the bark. The leaves
are commonly netted-veined, and the number of cotyledons is
two, or, very rarely, several in a whorl. Cf. {Endogen}.
--Gray.
Exogenetic \Ex`o*ge*net"ic\, a. (Biol.)
Arising or growing from without; exogenous.
Exogenous \Ex*og"e*nous\, a.
1. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having the character of, an
exogen; -- the opposite of endogenous.
2. (Biol.) Growing by addition to the exterior.
3. (Anat.) Growing from previously ossified parts; -- opposed
to {autogenous}. --Owen.
{Exogenous aneurism} (Med.), an aneurism which is produced by
causes acting from without, as from injury.
Exogyra \Ex`o*gy"ra\n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? out, outside + ? circle.]
(Paleon.)
A genus of Cretaceous fossil shells allied to oysters.
Exolete \Ex"o*lete\, a. [L. exoletus, p. p. of exolescere to
grow out, grow out of use; ex out + olescere to grow.]
Obsolete; out of use; state; insipid. [Obs.]
Exolution \Ex`o*lu"tion\, n. [L. exolutio a release. See
{Exolve}.]
See {Exsolution}. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Exolve \Ex*olve"\, v. t. [L. exolvere, exsolutum; ex out +
solvere.]
To loose; to pay. [Obs.]
Exon \Ex"on\, n. [NL., from E. Exe (Celt. uisge water) the name
of a river.]
A native or inhabitant of Exeter, in England.
Exon \Ex"on\, n. [F. expect an under officer.]
An officer of the Yeomen of the Guard; an Exempt. [Eng.]
Exonerate \Ex*on"er*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exonerated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Exonerating}.] [L. exoneratus, p. p. of
exonerare to free from a burden; ex out, from onerare to
load, onus load. See {Onerous}.]
1. To unload; to disburden; to discharge. [Obs.]
All exonerate themselves into one common duct.
--Ray.
2. To relieve, in a moral sense, as of a charge, obligation,
or load of blame resting on one; to clear of something
that lies upon oppresses one, as an accusation or
imputation; as, to exonerate one's self from blame, or
from the charge of avarice. --Burke.
3. To discharge from duty or obligation, as a ball.
Syn: To absolve; acquit; exculpate. See {Absolve}.
Exoneration \Ex*on`er*a"tion\, n. [L. exoneratio: cf. F.
Exon['e]ration.]
The act of disburdening, discharging, or freeing morally from
a charge or imputation; also, the state of being disburdened
or freed from a charge.
Exonerative \Ex*on"er*a*tive\, a.
Freeing from a burden or obligation; tending to exonerate.
Exonerator \Ex*on"er*a`tor\, n. [L., an unloader.]
One who exonerates or frees from obligation.
Exophthalmia \Ex`oph*thal"mi*a\, n. [Nl.,fr. Gr. ? with
prominent eyes; ? out + ? the eye.] (Med.)
The protrusion of the eyeball so that the eyelids will not
cover it, in consequence of disease.
Exophthalmic \Ex`oph*thal"mic\, a.
Of or pertaining to, or characterized by, exophthalmia.
{Exophthalmic golter}. Same as {Rasedow's disease}.
Exophthalmos \Ex`oph*thal"mos\, Exophthalmus \Ex`oph*thal"mus\,
n. [NL.] (Med.)
Same as {Exophthalmia}.
Exophthalmy \Ex`oph*thal"my\, n. (Med.)
Exophthalmia.
Exophyllous \Ex*oph"yl*lous\, a. [Exo- + Gr. ? .] (Bot.)
Not sheathed in another leaf.
Exoplasm \Ex"o*plasm\, n. [Exo- + Gr. ? from, fr. ? to mold.]
(Biol.)
See {Ectosarc}, and {Ectoplasm}.
Exopodite \Ex*op"o*dite\, n. [Exo- + Gr. ?, foot.] (Zo["o]l)
The external branch of the appendages of Crustacea.
Exoptable \Ex*op"ta*ble\, a. [L. exoptabilis.]
Very desirable. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Exoptile \Ex*op"tile\, n. [F., fr.Gr. ? without + ? feather,
plumage.] (Bot.)
A name given by Lestiboudois to dicotyledons; -- so called
because the plumule is naked.
Exrable \Ex"ra*ble\, a. [L. exorabilis: cf. F. exorable. See
{Exorate}.]
Capable of being moved by entreaty; pitiful; tender.
--Milton.
Exorate \Ex"o*rate\, v. t. [L. exoratus, p. p. of exorare to
gain by entreaty; ex out, from + orare to pay.]
To persuade, or to gain, by entreaty. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Exoration \Ex`o*ra"tion\, n. [L. exoratio.]
Entreaty. [R.] --Beau. & Fl.
Exorbitance \Ex*or"bi*tance\, Exorbitancy \Ex*or"bi*tan*cy\,, n.
A going out of or beyond the usual or due limit; hence,
enormity; extravagance; gross deviation from rule, right, or
propriety; as, the exorbitances of the tongue or of
deportment; exorbitance of demands. ``a curb to your
exorbitancies.'' --Dryden.
The lamentable exorbitances of their superstitions.
--Bp. Hall.
Exorbitant \Ex*or"bi*tant\, a. [L. exorbitans, -antis, p. pr. of
exorbitare to go out of the track; ex out + orbita track: cf.
F. exorbitant. See {Orbit}.]
1. Departing from an orbit or usual track; hence, deviating
from the usual or due course; going beyond the appointed
rules or established limits of right or propriety;
excessive; extravagant; enormous; inordinate; as,
exorbitant appetites and passions; exorbitant charges,
demands, or claims.
Foul exorbitant desires. --Milton.
2. Not comprehended in a settled rule or method; anomalous.
The Jews . . . [were] inured with causes exorbitant,
and such as their laws had not provided for.
--Hooker.
Exorbitantly \Ex*or"bi*tant*ly\, adv.
In an exorbitant, excessive, or irregular manner; enormously.
Exorbitate \Ex*or"bi*tate\, v. i. [L. exorbitatus, p. p. of
exorbitare. See {Exorbitant}.]
To go out of the track; to deviate. [Obs.] --Bentley.
Exorcise \Ex"or*cise\ ([e^]ks"[o^]r*s[imac]z), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. {Exorcised} (-s[imac]zd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Exorcising}
(-s[imac]`z[i^]ng).] [L. exorcizare, Gr. 'exorki`zein; 'ex
out + "orki`zein to make one swear, bind by an oath, fr.
"o`rkos oath: cf. F. exorciser.]
1. To cast out, as a devil, evil spirits, etc., by
conjuration or summoning by a holy name, or by certain
ceremonies; to expel (a demon) or to conjure (a demon) to
depart out of a person possessed by one.
He impudently excorciseth devils in the church.
--Prynne.
2. To deliver or purify from the influence of an evil spirit
or demon.
Exorcise the beds and cross the walls. --Dryden.
Mr. Spectator . . . do all you can to exorcise
crowds who are . . . processed as I am. --Spectator.
Exorciser \Ex"or*ci`ser\ (-s[imac]`z[~e]r), n.
An exorcist.
Exorcism \Ex"or*cism\ (-s[i^]z'm), n. [L. exorcismus, Gr.
'exorkizmo`s; cf. F. exorcisme.]
1. The act of exorcising; the driving out of evil spirits
from persons or places by conjuration; also, the form of
conjuration used.
2. Conjuration for raising spirits. [R.] --Shak.
Exorcist \Ex"or*cist\ (-s[i^]st), n. [L. exorcista, Gr.
'exorkisth`s: cf. F. exorciste.]
1. One who expels evil spirits by conjuration or exorcism.
Certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists. --Acts xix.
13.
2. A conjurer who can raise spirits. [R.]
Thou, like an exorcist, hast conjured up My
mortified spirit. --Shak.
Exordial \Ex*or"di*al\ ([e^]gz*[^o]r"d[i^]*al), a.
Pertaining to the exordium of a discourse: introductory.
The exordial paragraph of the second epistle. --I.
Taylor.
Exordium \Ex*or"di*um\ (-[u^]m), n.; pl. E. {Exordiums}
(-[u^]mz), L. {Exordia} (-[.a]). [L. fr. exordiri to begin a
web, lay a warp, begin; ex out + ordiri to begin a web,
begin; akin to E. order. See {Order}.]
A beginning; an introduction; especially, the introductory
part of a discourse or written composition, which prepares
the audience for the main subject; the opening part of an
oration. ``The exordium of repentance.'' --Jer. Taylor.
``Long prefaces and exordiums. '' --Addison.
Exorhiza \Ex`o*rhi"za\ ([e^]ks`[-o]*r[imac]"z[.a]), n.; pl.
{Exorhiz[ae]} (-z[=e]). [NL. fr. Gr. 'e`xw outside + 'ri`za
root.] (Bot.)
A plant Whose radicle is not inclosed or sheathed by the
cotyledons or plumule. --Gray.
Exorhizal \Ex`o*rhi"zal\, Exorhizous \Ex`o*rhi`zous\, a. (Bot.)
Having a radicle which is not inclosed by the cotyledons or
plumule; of or relating to an exorhiza.
Exornation \Ex`or*na"tion\, n. [L. exornatio, fr. exornare. See
{Ornate}.]
Ornament; decoration; embellishment. [Obs.]
Hyperbolical exornations . . . many much affect.
--Burton.
Exortive \Ex*or`tive\, a. [L. exortivus, fr. exortus a coming
forth, rising; ex out + orivi to rise, come forth.]
Rising; relating to the east. [R.]
Exosculate \Ex*os"cu*late\, v. t. [L. exosculatus, p. p. of
exosculari to kiss. See {Osculate}.]
To kiss; especially, to kiss repeatedly or fondly. [Obs.]
Exoskeletal \Ex`o*skel"e*tal\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the exoskeleton; as exoskeletal muscles.
Exoskeleton \Ex`o*skel"e*ton\, n. [Exo- + skeleton] (Anat.)
The hardened parts of the external integument of an animal,
including hair, feathers, nails, horns, scales, etc.,as well
as the armor of armadillos and many reptiles, and the shells
or hardened integument of numerous invertebrates; external
skeleton; dermoskeleton.
Exosmose \Ex"os*mose`\, n. [Exo+osmose: cf. F. ezosmose.]
(Physics)
The passage of gases, vapors, or liquids thought membranes or
porous media from within outward, in the phenomena of osmose;
-- opposed to endosmose. See {Osmose}.
Exosmosis \Ex`os*mo"sis\, n. [NL. See {Exo-}, and {Osmose}.]
(Physics)
See {Exosmose}.
Exosmotic \Ex`os*mot`ic\, a.
Pertaining to exosmose.
Exospore \Ex`o*spore\, n. [Exo+spote.] (Biol.)
The extreme outer wall of a spore; the epispore.
Exosstate \Ex*os"state\, v. t. [L. exossatus, p. p. of exossare
to bone, fr. exos without bones; ex out + os, ossis, bone.]
To deprive of bones; to take out the bones of; to bone.
[Obs.] --Bailey.
Exossation \Ex`os*sa"tion\, n.
A depriving of bone or of fruit stones. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Exosse-ous \Ex*os"se-ous\, a. [Ex + osseous.]
Boneless. ``Exosseous animals. '' --Sir T. Browne.
Exostome \Ex"o*stome\, n. [Exo- + Gr. ? mouth :cf. F. exostome.]
(Bot.)
The small aperture or foremen in the outer coat of the ovule
of a plant.
Exostosis \Ex`os*to"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ? out + ? bone:
cf. F ? exostose.]
1. (Med.) Any protuberance of a bone which is not natural; an
excrescence or morbid enlargement of a bone. --Coxe.
2. (Bot.) A knot formed upon or in the wood of trees by
disease.
Exoteric \Ex`o*ter"ic\, Exoterical \Ex`o*ter"ic*al\a. [L.
exotericus, Gr. ? fr. ? out: cf. F. exot['e]rique. See {Ex}-]
External; public; suitable to be imparted to the public;
hence, capable of being readily or fully comprehended; --
opposed to esoteric, or secret.
The foppery of an exoteric and esoteric doctrine. --De
Quincey.
Exoterics \Ex`o*ter`ics\, n. pl. (Philos.)
The public lectures or published writings of Aristotle. See
{Esoterics}.
Exotery \Ex"o*ter*y\, n.; pl. {Exoteries} (-?).
That which is obvious, public, or common.
Dealing out exoteries only to the vulgar. --A. Tucker.
Exotheca \Ex`o*the"ca\, n. [Nl., fr. Gr. 'e`xw outside + ? a
case, box.] (Zo["o]l.)
The tissue which fills the interspaces between the cost[ae]
of many madreporarian corals, usually consisting of small
transverse or oblique septa.
Exothecium \Ex`o*the"ci*um\, n. [NL. See {Exotheca}.] (Bot.)
The outer coat of the anther.
Exotic \Ex*ot"ic\, a. [L. exoticus, Gr. ? fr. 'e`xw outside: cf.
F. exotique. See {Exoteric}.]
Introduced from a foreign country; not native; extraneous;
foreign; as, an exotic plant; an exotic term or word.
Nothing was so splendid and exotic as the ambassador.
--Evelyn.
Exotic \Ex*ot"ic\, n.
Anything of foreign origin; something not of native growth,
as a plant, a word, a custom.
Plants that are unknown to Italy, and such as the
gardeners call exotics. --Addison.
Exotical \Ex*ot"ic*al\, a.
Foreign; not native; exotic. [R.] -- {Ex*ot"ic*al*ness}, n.
Exoticism \Ex*ot"i*cism\, n.
The state of being exotic; also, anything foreign, as a word
or idiom; an exotic.
Expand \Ex*pand"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expanded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Expanding}.] [L. expandere, expansum; ex out + pandere to
spread out, to throw open; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf.
{Spawn}.]
1. To lay open by extending; to open wide; to spread out; to
diffuse; as, a flower expands its leaves.
Then with expanded wings he steers his flight.
--Milton.
2. To cause the particles or parts of to spread themselves or
stand apart, thus increasing bulk without addition of
substance; to make to occupy more space; to dilate; to
distend; to extend every way; to enlarge; -- opposed to
{contract}; as, to expand the chest; heat expands all
bodies; to expand the sphere of benevolence.
3. (Math.) To state in enlarged form; to develop; as, to
expand an equation. See {Expansion}, 5.
Expand \Ex*pand"\, v. i.
To become widely opened, spread apart, dilated, distended, or
enlarged; as, flowers expand in the spring; metals expand by
heat; the heart expands with joy. --Dryden.
Expander \Ex*pand"er\, n.
Anything which causes expansion esp. (Mech.) a tool for
stretching open or expanding a tube, etc.
Expanding \Ex*pand"ing\, a.
That expands, or may be expanded; extending; spreading;
enlarging.
{Expanding bit}, {Expanding drill} (Mech.), a bit or drill
made adjustable for holes of various sizes; one which can
be expanded in diameter while boring.
{Expanding pulley} (Mach.), a pulley so made, as in sections,
that its diameter can be increased or diminished.
Expanse \Ex*panse"\, n. [From L. expansus, p. p. of expandere.
See {Expand}.]
That which is expanded or spread out; a wide extent of space
or body; especially, the arch of the sky. ``The green
expanse.'' --Savage.
Lights . . . high in the expanse of heaven. --Milton.
The smooth expanse of crystal lakes. --Pope.
Expanse \Ex*panse"\, v. t.
To expand. [Obs.]
That lies expansed unto the eyes of all. --Sir. T.
Browne.
Expansibility \Ex*pan`si*bil"i*ty\, n.
The capacity of being expanded; as, the expansibility of air.
Expansible \Ex*pan"si*ble\, a. [Cf. F. expansible.]
Capable of being expanded or spread out widely.
Bodies are not expansible in proportion to their
weight. --Grew.
-- {Ex*pan"si*ble*ness},n. -{Ex*pan"si*bly},adv.
Expansile \Ex*pan"sile\, a.
Expansible.
Ether and alcohol are more expansile than water.
--Brande & C.
Expansion \Ex*pan"sion\, n. [L. expansio: cf. F. expansion.]
1. The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of
being expanded; dilation; enlargement.
2. That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as, the
expansion of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was
formed of metal.
The starred expansion of the skies. --Beattie.
3. Space through which anything is expanded; also, pure
space.
Lost in expansion, void and infinite. --Blackmore.
4. (Com.) Enlargement or extension of business transactions;
esp., increase of the circulation of bank notes.
5. (Math.) The developed result of an indicated operation;
as, the expansion of (a + b)^{2} is a^{2} + 2ab + b^{2}.
6. (Steam Engine) The operation of steam in a cylinder after
its communication with the boiler has been cut off, by
which it continues to exert pressure upon the moving
piston.
7. (Nav. Arch.) The enlargement of the ship mathematically
from a model or drawing to the full or building size, in
the process of construction. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Note: Expansion is also used adjectively, as in expansion
joint, expansion gear, etc.
{Expansion curve}, a curve the co["o]rdinates of which show
the relation between the pressure and volume of expanding
gas or vapor; esp. (Steam engine), that part of an
indicator diagram which shows the declining pressure of
the steam as it expands in the cylinder.
{Expansion gear} (Steam Engine). a cut-off gear. See Illust.
of {Link motion}.
{Automatic expansion gear} or {cut-off}, one that is
regulated by the governor, and varies the supply of steam
to the engine with the demand for power.
{Fixed expansion gear}, or {Fixed cut-off}, one that always
operates at the same fixed point of the stroke.
{Expansion joint}, or {Expansion coupling} (Mech. & Engin.),
a yielding joint or coupling for so uniting parts of a
machine or structure that expansion, as by heat, is
prevented from causing injurious strains; as by heat, is
prevented from causing injurious strains; as:
(a) A side or set of rollers, at the end of bridge truss,
to support it but allow end play.
(b) A telescopic joint in a steam pipe, to permit one part
of the pipe to slide within the other.
(c) A clamp for holding a locomotive frame to the boiler
while allowing lengthwise motion.
{Expansion valve} (Steam Engine), a cut-off valve, to shut
off steam from the cylinder before the end of each stroke.
Expansive \Ex*pan"sive\, a. [Cf. F. expansif.]
Having a capacity or tendency to expand or dilate; diffusive;
of much expanse; wide-extending; as, the expansive force of
heat; the expansive quality of air.
A more expansive and generous compassion. --Eustace.
His forehead was broad and expansive. --Prescott.
-- {Ex*pan"sive*ly}, adv. -{Ex*pan"sive*ness}, n.
Expansure \Ex*pan"sure\ (?shur; 135), n.
Expanse. [Obs.] ``Night's rich expansure.''
Ex parte \Ex` par"te\ [L. See {Ex-}, and {Part}.]
Upon or from one side only; one-sided; partial; as, an ex
parte statement.
{Ex parte application}, one made without notice or
opportunity to oppose.
{Ex parte council}, one that assembles at the request of only
one of the parties in dispute.
{Ex parte} {hearing or evidence} (Law), that which is had or
taken by one side or party in the absence of the other.
Hearings before grand juries, and affidavits, are ex
parte. --Wharton's Law Dict. --Burrill.
Expatiate \Ex*pa"ti*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Expatiated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Expariating}.] [L. expatiatus, exspatiatus, p.
p. of expatiari, exspatiari, to expatiate; ex out + spatiari
to walk about spread out, fr. spatium space. See {Space}.]
1. To range at large, or without restraint.
Bids his free soul expatiate in the skies. --Pope.
2. To enlarge in discourse or writing; to be copious in
argument or discussion; to descant.
He expatiated on the inconveniences of trade.
--Addison.
Expatiate \Ex*pa"ti*ate\, v. t.
To expand; to spread; to extend; to diffuse; to broaden.
Afford art an ample field in which to expatiate itself.
--Dryden.
Expatiation \Ex*pa`ti*a"tion\, n.
Act of expatiating.
Expatiatory \Ex*pa"ti*a*to*ry\, a.
Expansive; diffusive. [R.]
Expatriate \Ex*pa"tri*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expatriated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Expatriating}.] [LL. expatriatus, p. p. of
expatriare; L. ex out + patria fatherland, native land, fr.
pater father. See {Patriot}.]
1. To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own
country; to make an exile of.
The expatriated landed interest of France. --Burke.
2. Reflexively, as To expatriate one's self: To withdraw from
one's native country; to renounce the rights and
liabilities of citizenship where one is born, and become a
citizen of another country.
Expatriation \Ex*pa`tri*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. expatriation.]
The act of banishing, or the state of banishment; especially,
the forsaking of one's own country with a renunciation of
allegiance.
Expatriation was a heavy ransom to pay for the rights
of their minds and souls. --Palfrey.
Expect \Ex*pect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expected}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Expecting}.] [L. expectatum, to look out for, await,
expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See {Spectacle}.]
1. To wait for; to await. [Obs.]
Let's in, and there expect their coming. --Shak.
2. To look for (mentally); to look forward to, as to
something that is believed to be about to happen or come;
to have a previous apprehension of, whether of good or
evil; to look for with some confidence; to anticipate; --
often followed by an infinitive, sometimes by a clause
(with, or without, that); as, I expect to receive wages; I
expect that the troops will be defeated. ``Good: I will
expect you.'' --Shak. ``Expecting thy reply.'' --Shak.
The Somersetshire or yellow regiment . . . was
expected to arrive on the following day. --Macaulay.
Syn: To anticipate; look for; await; hope.
Usage: To {Expect}, {Think}, {Believe}, {Await}. Expect is a
mental act and has aways a reference to the future, to
some coming event; as a person expects to die, or he
expects to survive. Think and believe have reference
to the past and present, as well as to the future; as
I think the mail has arrived; I believe he came home
yesterday, that he is he is at home now. There is a
not uncommon use of expect, which is a confusion of
the two; as, I expect the mail has arrived; I expect
he is at home. This misuse should be avoided. Await is
a physical or moral act. We await that which, when it
comes, will affect us personally. We expect what may,
or may not, interest us personally. See {Anticipate}.
Expect \Ex*pect"\, v. t.
To wait; to stay. [Obs.] --Sandys.
Expect \Ex*pect"\, n.
Expectation. [Obs.] --Shak.
Expectable \Ex*pect"a*ble\, a. [L. expectabilis.]
That may be expected or looked for. --Sir T. Browne.
Expectance \Ex*pect"ance\, Expectancy \Ex*pect"an*cy\, n.
1. The act of expecting; expectation. --Milton.
2. That which is expected, or looked or waited for with
interest; the object of expectation or hope.
The expectancy and rose of the fair state. --Shak.
{Estate in expectancy} (Law), one the possession of which a
person is entitled to have at some future time, either as
a remainder or reversion, or on the death of some one.
--Burrill.
Expectant \Ex*pect"ant\, a. [L. expectans, exspectans, p. pr. of
expectare, exspectare: cf. F. expectant.]
Waiting in expectation; looking for; (Med.) waiting for the
efforts of nature, with little active treatment.
{Expectant estate} (Law), an estate in expectancy. See under
{Expectancy}.
Expectant \Ex*pect"ant\, n.
One who waits in expectation; one held in dependence by hope
of receiving some good.
An expectant of future glory. --South.
Those who had employments, or were expectants. --Swift.
Expectation \Ex`pec*ta"tion\n. [L. expectio. exspectio: cf. F.
expectation.]
1. The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an
event as about to happen. ``In expectation of a guest.''
--Tennyson.
My soul, wait thou only upon God, for my expectation
is from him. --Ps. lxii. 5.
2. That which is expected or looked for.
Why our great expectation should be called The seed
of woman. --Milton.
3. The prospect of the future; grounds upon which something
excellent is expected to happen; prospect of anything good
to come, esp. of property or rank.
His magnificent expectations made him, in the
opinion of the world, the best match in Europe.
--Prescott.
By all men's eyes a youth of expectation. --Otway.
4. The value of any chance (as the prospect of prize or
property) which depends upon some contingent event.
Expectations are computed for or against the occurrence of
the event.
5. (Med.) The leaving of the disease principally to the
efforts of nature to effect a cure.
{Expectation of life}, the mean or average duration of the
life individuals after any specified age.
Syn: Anticipation; confidence; trust.
Expectative \Ex*pect"a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. expectatif.]
Constituting an object of expectation; contingent.
{Expectative grace}, a mandate given by the pope or a prince
appointing a successor to any benefice before it becomes
vacant. --Foxe.
Expectative \Ex*pect"a*tive\, n. [F. expectative, fr. expectatif
expectant.]
Something in expectation; esp., an expectative grace.
--Milman.
Expectedly \Ex*pect"ed*ly\, adv.
In conformity with expectation. [R.] --Walpole.
Expecter \Ex*pect"er\, n.
One who expects.
Expectingly \Ex*pect"ing*ly\, adv.
In a state of expectation.
Expective \Ex*pect"ive\, a.
Expectative. [R.] --Shipley.
Expectorant \Ex*pec"to*rant\, a. [L. expectorans, p. pr. of
expectorare to drive from the breast: cf. F. expectorant.]
(Med.)
Tending to facilitate expectoration or to promote discharges
of mucus, etc., from the lungs or throat. -- n. An
expectorant medicine.
Expectorate \Ex*pec"to*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Expectorated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Expectorating}.] [L.
expecrorare to drive from the breast; ex out + pectus,
pectiris, breast. See {Pectoral}.]
To eject from the trachea or lungs; to discharge, as phlegm
or other matter, by coughing, hawking, and spitting; to spit
forth.
Expectorate \Ex*pec"to*rate\, v. i.
To discharge matter from the lungs or throat by hawking and
spitting; to spit.
Expectoration \Ex*pec`to*ra"tion\, n. [Cf. F. expectoration.]
1. The act of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or
lungs, by coughing, hawking, and spitting.
2. That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.
Expectorative \Ex*pec"to*ra*tive\, a. & n.
Same as {Expectorant}. --Harvey.
Expede \Ex*pede"\v. t.
To expedite; to hasten. [Obs.]
Expediate \Ex*pe"di*ate\, v. t. [Cf. F. exp['e]dier. See
{Expedite}.]
To hasten; to expedite. [Obs.] ``To expediate their
business.'' --Sir E. Sandys.
Expedience \Ex*pe"di*ence\, Expediency \Ex*pe"di*en*cy\,, n.
1. The quality of being expedient or advantageous; fitness or
suitableness to effect a purpose intended; adaptedness to
self-interest; desirableness; advantage; advisability; --
sometimes contradistinguished from moral rectitude.
Divine wisdom discovers no expediency in vice.
--Cogan.
To determine concerning the expedience of action.
--Sharp.
Much declamation may be heard in the present day
against expediency, as if it were not the proper
object of a deliberative assembly, and as if it were
only pursued by the unprincipled. --Whately.
2. Expedition; haste; dispatch. [Obs.]
Making hither with all due expedience. --Shak.
3. An expedition; enterprise; adventure. [Obs.]
Forwarding this dear expedience. --Shak.
Expedient \Ex*pe"di*ent\a. [L. expediens, -entis, p. pr. of
expedire to be expedient, release, extricate: cf. F.
exp['e]dient. See {Expedite}.]
1. Hastening or forward; hence, tending to further or promote
a proposed object; fit or proper under the circumstances;
conducive to self-interest; desirable; advisable;
advantageous; -- sometimes contradistinguished from right.
It is expedient for you that I go away. --John xvi.
7.
Nothing but the right can ever be expedient, since
that can never be true expediency which would
sacrifice a greater good to a less. --Whately.
2. Quick; expeditious. [Obs.]
His marches are expedient to this town. --Shak.
Expedient \Ex*pe"di*ent\, n.
1. That which serves to promote or advance; suitable means to
accomplish an end.
What sure expedient than shall Juno find, To calm
her fears and ease her boding mind? --Philips.
2. Means devised in an exigency; shift.
Syn: Shift; contrivance; resource; substitute.
Expediential \Ex*pe`di*en"tial\
Governed by expediency; seeking advantage; as an expediential
policy. ``Calculating, expediential understanding.'' --Hare.
-- {Ex*pe`di*en"tial*ly}, adv. ?.
Expediently \Ex*pe"di*ent*ly\adv.
1. In an expedient manner; fitly; suitably; conveniently.
2. With expedition; quickly. [Obs.]
Expediment \Ex*ped"i*ment\n.
An expedient. [Obs.]
A like expediment to remove discontent. --Barrow.
Expeditate \Ex*ped"i*tate\, v. t. [LL. expeditatus, p. p. of
expeditare to expeditate; ex out + pes, pedis, foot.] (Eng.
Forest Laws)
To deprive of the claws or the balls of the fore feet; as, to
expeditate a dog that he may not chase deer.
Expedite \Ex"pe*dite\, a. [L. expeditus, p. p. of expedire to
free one caught by the foot, to extricate, set free, bring
forward, make ready; ex out + pes, prdis, t. See {Foot}.]
1. Free of impediment; unimpeded.
To make the way plain and expedite. --Hooker.
2. Expeditious; quick; speedily; prompt.
Nimble and expedite . . . in its operation.
--Tollotson.
Speech is a very short and expedite way of conveying
their thoughts. --Locke.
Expedite \Ex"pe*dite\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expedited}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Expediting}.]
1. To relieve of impediments; to facilitate; to accelerate
the process or progress of; to hasten; to quicken; as, to
expedite the growth of plants.
To expedite your glorious march. --Milton.
2. To despatch; to send forth; to issue officially.
Such charters be expedited of course. --Bacon.
Expeditely \Ex"pe*dite`ly\, adv.
In expedite manner; expeditiously.
Expediteness \Ex"pe*dite`ness\, n.
Quality of being expedite.
Expedition \Ex`pe*di"tion\, n. [L. expeditio: cf.F.
exp['e]dition.]
1. The quality of being expedite; efficient promptness;
haste; dispatch; speed; quickness; as to carry the mail
with expedition.
With winged expedition
Swift as the lightning glance. ?
2. A sending forth or setting forth the execution of some
object of consequence; progress.
Putting it straight in expedition. ?
3. An important enterprise, implying a change of place;
especially, a warlike enterprise; a march or a voyage with
martial intentions; an excursion by a body of persons for
a valuable end; as, a military, naval, exploring, or
scientific expedition; also, the body of persons making
such excursion.
The expedition miserably failed. --Prescott.
Narrative of the exploring expedition to the Rocky
Mountains. --J. C. Fremont.
Expeditionary \Ex`pe*di"tion*a*ry\, a.
Of or pertaining to an expedition; as, an expeditionary
force.
Expeditionist \Ex`pe*di"tion*ist\, n.
One who goes upon an expedition. [R].
Expeditious \Ex`pe*di"tious\, a.
Possessed of, or characterized by, expedition, or efficiency
and rapidity in action; performed with, or acting with,
expedition; quick; having celerity; speedily; as, an
expeditious march or messenger. -- {Ex`pe*di"tious*ly}, adv.
-- {Ex`pe*di"tious*ness}, n.
Syn: Prompt; ready; speedy; alert. See {Prompt}.
Expeditive \Ex*ped"i*tive\, a. [Cf. F. exp['e]ditif.]
Performing with speed. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Expel \Ex*pel"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expelled}, p. pr. & vb.
n.. {Expelling}.] [L. expellere, expulsum; ex out + pellere
to drive: cf.F. expeller. See {Pulse} a beat.]
1. To drive or force out from that within which anything is
contained, inclosed, or situated; to eject; as to expel
air from a bellows.
Did not ye . . . expel me out of my father's house?
--Judg. xi. 7.
2. To drive away from one's country; to banish.
Forewasted all their land, and them expelled.
--Spenser.
.
He shall expel them from before you . . . and ye
shall possess their land. --Josh. xxiii.
5.
3. To cut off from further connection with an institution of
learning, a society, and the like; as, to expel a student
or member.
4. To keep out, off, or away; to exclude. ``To expel the
winter's flaw.'' --Shak.
5. To discharge; to shoot. [Obs.]
Then he another and another [shaft] did expel.
--Spenser.
.
Syn: To banish; exile; eject; drive out. See {Banish}.
Expellable \Ex*pel"la*ble\, a.
Capable of being expelled or driven out. ``Expellable by
heat.'' --Kirwan.
Expeller \Ex*pel"ler\, n.
One who, or that which, expels.
Expend \Ex*pend"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expended}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Expending}.] [L. expendere, expensum, to weigh out, pay
out, lay out, lay out; ex out + pendere to weigh. See
{Poise}, and cf. {Spend}.]
To lay out, apply, or employ in any way; to consume by use;
to use up or distribute, either in payment or in donations;
to spend; as, they expend money for food or in charity; to
expend time labor, and thought; to expend hay in feeding
cattle, oil in a lamp, water in mechanical operations.
If my death might make this island happy . . . I would
expend it with all willingness. --Shak.
Expend \Ex*pend"\, v. i.
1. To be laid out, used, or consumed.
2. To pay out or disburse money.
They go elsewhere to enjoy and to expend. --Macaulay
.
Expenitor \Ex*pen"i*tor\, n. [LL.] (O. Eng. Law)
A disburser; especially, one of the disbursers of taxes for
the repair of sewers. --Mozley & W.
Expenditure \Ex*pend"iture\, n.
1. The act of expending; a laying out, as of money;
disbursement.
our expenditure purchased commerce and conquest.
--Burke.
2. That which is expended or paid out; expense.
The receipts and expenditures of this extensive
country. --A. Hamilton.
Expense \Ex*pense"\, n. [L. expensa (sc. pecunia), or expensum,
fr. expensus, p. p. of expendere. See {Expend}.]
1. A spending or consuming; disbursement; expenditure.
Husband nature's riches from expense. --Shak.
2. That which is expended, laid out, or consumed; cost;
outlay; charge; -- sometimes with the notion of loss or
damage to those on whom the expense falls; as, the
expenses of war; an expense of time.
Courting popularity at his party's expense.
--Brougham.
3. Loss. [Obs.] --Shak.
And moan the expense of many a vanished sight.
--Spenser.
{Expense magazine} (Mil.), a small magazine containing
ammunition for immediate use. --H. L. Scott.
Expensefull \Ex*pense"full\, a.
Full of expense; costly; chargeable. [R.] --Sir H. Wotton. --
{Ex*pense"ful*ly}, adv. [R.] -- {Ex*pense"ful*ness}, n. [R.]
Expenseless \Ex*pense"less\, a.
Without cost or expense.
Expensive \Ex*pen"sive\, a.
1. Occasioning expense; calling for liberal outlay; costly;
dear; liberal; as, expensive dress; an expensive house or
family.
War is expensive, and peace desirable. --Burke.
2. Free in expending; very liberal; especially, in a bad
scene; extravagant; lavish. [R.]
An active, expensive, indefatigable goodness.
--Sprat.
The idle and expensive are dangerous. --Sir W.
Temple.
Syn: Costly; dear; high-priced; lavish; extravagant. --
{Ex*pen"sive*ly}, adv. -- {Ex*pen"sive*ness}, n.
Experience \Ex*pe"ri*ence\, n. [F. exp['e]rience, L.
experientia, tr. experiens, ?entis, p. pr. of experiri,
expertus, to try; ex out + the root of pertus experienced.
See {Peril}, and cf. {Expert}.]
1. Trial, as a test or experiment. [Obs.]
She caused him to make experience Upon wild beasts.
--Spenser.
2. The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any
event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and
direct impressions as contrasted with description or
fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or
suffering. ``Guided by other's experiences.'' --Shak.
I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and
that is the lamp of experience. --P. Henry
To most men experience is like the stern lights of a
ship, which illumine only the track it has passed.
--Coleridge.
When the consuls . . . came in . . . they knew soon
by experience how slenderly guarded against danger
the majesty of rulers is where force is wanting.
--Holland.
Those that undertook the religion of our Savior upon
his preaching, had no experience of it. --Sharp.
3. An act of knowledge, one or more, by which single facts or
general truths are ascertained; experimental or inductive
knowledge; hence, implying skill, facility, or practical
wisdom gained by personal knowledge, feeling or action;
as, a king without experience of war.
Whence hath the mind all the materials of reason and
knowledge? To this I answer in one word, from
experience. --Locke.
Experience may be acquired in two ways; either,
first by noticing facts without any attempt to
influence the frequency of their occurrence or to
vary the circumstances under which they occur; this
is observation; or, secondly, by putting in action
causes or agents over which we have control, and
purposely varying their combinations, and noticing
what effects take place; this is experiment. --Sir
J. Herschel.
Exrerience \Ex*re"ri*ence\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Experienced}
(-enst); p. pr. & vb. n. {Experiencing} (-en-s?ng).]
1. To make practical acquaintance with; to try personally; to
prove by use or trial; to have trial of; to have the lot
or fortune of; to have befall one; to be affected by; to
feel; as, to experience pain or pleasure; to experience
poverty; to experience a change of views.
The partial failure and disappointment which he had
experienced in India. --Thirwall.
2. To exercise; to train by practice.
The youthful sailors thus with early care
Their arms experience, and for sea prepare. --Harte.
{To experience religion} (Theol.), to become a convert to the
diatribes of Christianity; to yield to the power of
religions truth.
Experienced \Ex*pe"ri*enced\ (-enst), p. p. & a.
Taught by practice or by repeated observations; skillful or
wise by means of trials, use, or observation; as, an
experienced physician, workman, soldier; an experienced eye.
The ablest and most experienced statesmen. --Bancroft.
Experiencer \Ex*pe"ri*en*cer\ (-en-s?r), n.
1. One who experiences.
2. An experimenter. [Obs.] --Sir. K. Gigby.
Experient \Ex*pe"ri*ent\ (-ent), a.
Experienced. [Obs.]
The prince now ripe and full experient. --Beau. & Fl.
Experiential \Ex*pe`ri*en"tial\, a.
Derived from, or pertaining to, experience. --Coleridge.
It is called empirical or experiential . . . because it
is divan to us by experience or observation, and not
obtained as the result of inference or reasoning.
--Sir. W.
Hamiltion.
-- {Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ly}, adv. --DR. H. More.
Experientialism \Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ism\, n. (Philos.)
The doctrine that experience, either that ourselves or of
others, is the test or criterion of general knowledge; --
opposed to intuitionists.
Experientialism is in short, a philosophical or logical
theory, not a philosophical one. --G. C.
Robertson.
Experientiallist \Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*list\, n.
One who accepts the doctrine of experientialism. Also used
adjectively.
Experiment \Ex*per"i*ment\, n. [L. experimentum, fr. experiri to
try: cf. OF. esperiment, experiment. See {Experience}.]
1. Atrial or special observation, made to confirm or disprove
something doubtful; esp., one under conditions determined
by the experimenter; an act or operation undertaken in
order to discover some unknown principle or effect, or to
test, establish, or illustrate some suggest or known
truth; practical test; poof.
A political experiment can not be made in a
laboratory, not determinant in a few hours. --J.
Adams.
2. Experience. [Obs.]
Adam, by sad experiment I know How little weight my
words with thee can find. --Milton.
Experiment \Ex*per"i*ment\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Experimented};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Experinenting}.]
To make experiment; to operate by test or trial; -- often
with on, upon, or in, referring to the subject of an
experiment; with, referring to the instrument; and by,
referring to the means; as, to experiment upon electricity;
he experimented in plowing with ponies, or by steam power.
Experiment \Ex*per"i*ment\, v. t.
To try; to know, perceive, or prove, by trial experience.
[Obs.] --Sir T. Herbert.
Experimental \Ex*per`i*men"tal\, a. [Cf.F. exp['e]rimental.]
1. Pertaining to experiment; founded on, or derived from,
experiment or trial; as, experimental science; given to,
or skilled in, experiment; as, an experimental
philosopher.
2. Known by, or derived from, experience; as, experimental
religion.
Experimetalist \Ex*per`i*me"tal*ist\, n.
One who makes experiments; an experimenter. --Whaterly.
Experimentalize \Ex*per`i*men"tal*ize\, v. i.
To make experiments (upon); to experiment. --J. S. Mill.
Experimentally \Ex*per`i*men"tal*ly\, adv.
By experiment; by experience or trial. --J. S. Mill.
Experimentarian \Ex*per`i*men*ta"ri*an\, a.
Relying on experiment or experience. ``an experimentarian
philosopher.'' --Boyle. -- n. One who relies on experiment or
experience. [Obs.]
Experimentation \Ex*per`i*men*ta"tion\, n.
The act of experimenting; practice by experiment. --J. S.
Mill.
Experimentative \Ex*per`i*men"ta*tive\, a.
Experimental; of the nature of experiment. [R.]
Experimentator \Ex*per"i*men*ta`tor\, n. [LL.]
An experimenter. [R.]
Experimenter \Ex*per"i*men`ter\, n.
One who makes experiments; one skilled in experiments. --
Faraday.
Experimentist \Ex*per"i*men`tist\, n.
An experimenter.
Experrection \Ex`per*rec"tion\, n. [L. expergisci, p. p.
experrectus, to rose up; ex out + pergere to wake up.]
A waking up or arousing. [Obs.] --Holland
Expert \Ex*pert"\, a. [F. expert, L. expertus, p. p. of experiri
to try. See {Experience}.]
Taught by use, practice, or experience, experienced; having
facility of operation or performance from practice; knowing
and ready from much practice; clever; skillful; as, an expert
surgeon; expert in chess or archery.
A valiant and most expert gentleman. --Shak.
What practice, howsoe'er expert In fitting aptest words
to things . . . Hath power to give thee as thou wert?
--Tennison.
Syn: Adroit; dexterous; clever; ready; prompt.
Expert \Ex"pert\, n.
1. An expert or experienced person; one instructed by
experience; one who has skill, experience, or extensive
knowledge in his calling or in any special branch of
learning.
2. (Law)
(a) A specialist in a particular profession or department
of science requiring for its mastery peculiar culture
and erudition.
Note: Such specialists may be witnesses in matters as to
which ordinary observers could not without such aid
form just conclusions, and are liable for negligence in
case they injure another from want of proper
qualifications or proper care in the exercise of their
specialty.
(b) A sworn appraiser.
Expert \Ex*pert"\, v. t.
To experience. [Obs.]
Die would we daily, once it to expert. --Spencer.
Expertly \Ex*pert"ly\, adv.
In a skillful or dexterous manner; adroitly; with readiness
and accuracy.
Expertness \Ex*pert"ness\, n.
Skill derived from practice; readiness; as, expertness in
seamanship, or in reasoning.
Syn: Facility; readiness; dexterity; adroitness; skill. See
{Facility}.
Expetible \Ex*pet"ible\, a. [L., expetibilis, fr. expetere to
wish for; ex out + petere to seek.]
Worthy of being wished for; desirable. [Obs.] --Puller.
Expiable \Ex"pi*a*ble\, a. [See {Expiate}.]
Capable of being expiated or atoned for; as, an expiable
offense; expiable guilt. --Bp. Hall.
Expiate \Ex"pi*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expiated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Expiating}.] [L. expiatus, p. p. of expiare to
expiate; ex out + piare to seek to appease, to purify with
sacred rites, fr. pius pious. See {Pious}.]
1. To extinguish the guilt of by sufferance of penalty or
some equivalent; to make complete satisfaction for; to
atone for; to make amends for; to make expiation for; as,
to expiate a crime, a guilt, or sin.
To expiate his treason, hath naught left. --Milton.
The Treasurer obliged himself to expiate the injury.
--Clarendon.
2. To purify with sacred rites. [Obs.]
Neither let there be found among you any one that
shall expiate his son or daughter, making them to
pass through the fire. --Deut. xviii.
10 (Douay
version)
Expiate \Ex"pi*ate\, a. [L. expiatus,p. p]
Terminated. [Obs.] --Shak.
Expiation \Ex`pi*a"tion\, n. [L. expiatio: cf.F. expiation]
1. The act of making satisfaction or atonement for any crime
or fault; the extinguishing of guilt by suffering or
penalty.
His liberality seemed to have something in it of
self-abasement and expiation. --W. Irving.
2. The means by which reparation or atonement for crimes or
sins is made; an expiatory sacrifice or offering; an
atonement.
Those shadowy expiations weak, The blood of bulls
and goats. --Milton.
3. An act by which the treats of prodigies were averted among
the ancient heathen. [Obs.] --Hayward.
Expiatist \Ex"pi*a*tist\, n.
An expiator. [R.]
Expiator \Ex"pi*a`tor\, n. [L.]
One who makes expiation or atonement.
Expiatorious \Ex`pi*a*to"ri*ous\, a.
Of an expiatory nature; expiatory. --Jer. Taylor.
Expiatory \Ex"pi*a*to*ry\, a. [L. expiatorius: cf. F.
expiatoire.]
Having power, or intended, to make expiation; atoning; as, an
expiatory sacrifice.
Expilation \Ex`pi*la"tion\, n. [L. expiatio.]
The act of expilating or stripping off; plunder; pillage.
[Obs.]
This ravenous expiation of the state. --Daniel.
Expilator \Ex"pi*la`tor\, n. [L.]
One who pillages; a plunderer; a pillager. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Expirable \Ex*pir"a*ble\, a.
That may expire; capable of being brought to an end.
Expirant \Ex*pir"ant\, n.
One who expires or is expiring.
Expiration \Ex`pi*ra"tion\, n. [L. expiratio,exspiratio: cf. F.
expiration. See {Expire}.]
1. The act of expiring; as:
(a) (Physiol.) The act or process of breathing out, or
forcing air from the lungs through the nose or mouth;
as, respiration consists of inspiration and
expiration; -- opposed to {inspiration}.
(b) Emission of volatile matter; exhalation.
The true cause of cold is an expiration from the
globe of the earth. --Bacon.
(c) The last emission of breath; death. ``The groan of
expiration.'' --Rambler.
(d) A coming to a close; cessation; extinction;
termination; end.
Before the expiration of thy time. --Shak.
2. That which is expired; matter breathed forth; that which
is produced by breathing out, as a sound.
The aspirate ``he,'' which is . . . a gentle
expiration. --G. Sharp.
Expiratory \Ex*pir"a*to*ry\, a. (Physiol.)
Pertaining to, or employed in, the expiration or emission of
air from the lungs; as, the expiratory muscles.
Expire \Ex*pire"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expired}; p. pr & vb. n.
{Expiring}.] [L. expirare, exspirare, expiratum, exspiratum;
ex out + spirare to breathe: cf. F. expirer. See {Spirit}.]
1. To breathe out; to emit from the lungs; to throw out from
the mouth or nostrils in the process of respiration; --
opposed to inspire.
Anatomy exhibits the lungs in a continual motion of
inspiring and expiring air. --Harvey.
This chafed the boar; his nostrils flames expire.
--Dryden.
2. To give forth insensibly or gently, as a fluid or vapor;
to emit in minute particles; to exhale; as, the earth
expires a damp vapor; plants expire odors.
The expiring of cold out of the inward parts of the
earth in winter. --Bacon.
3. To emit; to give out. [Obs.] --Dryden.
4. To bring to a close; to terminate. [Obs.]
Expire the term Of a despised life. --Shak.
Expire \Ex*pire"\, v. i.
1. To emit the breath.
2. To emit the last breath; to breathe out the life; to die;
as, to expire calmly; to expire in agony.
3. To come to an end; to cease; to terminate; to perish; to
become extinct; as, the flame expired; his lease expires
to-day; the month expired on Saturday.
4. To burst forth; to fly out with a blast. [Obs.] ``The
ponderous ball expires.'' --Dryden.
Expiring \Ex*pir"ing\, a.
1. Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or
volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath;
dying; ending; terminating.
2. Pertaining to, or uttered at, the time of dying; as,
expiring words; expiring groans.
Expiry \Ex"pi*ry\, n.
Expiration.
He had to leave at the expiry of the term. --Lamb.
The Parliament . . . now approaching the expiry of its
legal term. --J. Morley.
Expiscate \Ex*pis"cate\, v. t. [L. expiscatus, p. p. of
expiscari to fish out; ex out+piscari to fish, piscis fish.]
To fish out; to find out by skill or laborious investigation;
to search out. ``To expiscate principles.'' [R.] --Nichol.
Dr.Burton has with much ingenuity endeavord to
expiscate the truth which may be involved in them. --W.
L. Alexander.
Expiscation \Ex`pis*ca"tion\, n.
The act of expiscating; a fishing. [R.] --Chapman.
Expiscatory \Ex*pis"ca*to*ry\, a.
Tending to fish out; searching out [R.] --Carlyle.
Explain \Ex*plain"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Explained}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Explaining}.] [L. explandare to flatten, spread out,
explain; ex out+plandare to make level or plain, planus
plain: cf. OF. esplaner, explaner. See {Plain},a., and cf.
{Esplanade}.]
1. To flatten; to spread out; to unfold; to expand. [Obs.]
The horse-chestnut is . . . ready to explain its
leaf. --Evelyn.
2. To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of
obscurity; to expound; to unfold and illustrate the
meaning of; as, to explain a chapter of the Bible.
Commentators to explain the difficult passages to
you. --Gay.
{To explain away}, to get rid of by explanation. ``Those
explain the meaning quite away.'' --Pope.
Syn: To expound; interpret; elucidate; clear up.
Explain \Ex*plain"\, v. i.
To give an explanation.
Explainable \Ex*plain"a*ble\, a. [L. explainabilis.]
Capable of being explained or made plain to the
understanding; capable of being interpreted. --Sir. T.
Browne.
Explainer \Ex*plain"er\, n.
One who explains; an expounder or expositor; a commentator;
an interpreter.
Explanate \Ex"pla*nate\, a. [L. explanatus, p. p. of explanare.
See {Explain}.] (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Spreading or extending outwardly in a flat form.
Explanation \Ex`pla*na"tion\, n. [L. explanatio: cf. OF.
esplanation.]
1. The act of explaining, expounding, or interpreting; the
act of clearing from obscurity and making intelligible;
as, the explanation of a passage in Scripture, or of a
contract or treaty.
2. That which explains or makes clear; as, a satisfactory
explanation.
3. The meaning attributed to anything by one who explains it;
definition; interpretation; sense.
Different explanations [of the Trinity]. --Bp.
Burnet.
4. A mutual exposition of terms, meaning, or motives, with a
view to adjust a misunderstanding, and reconcile
differences; reconciliation; agreement; as, to come to an
explanation.
Syn: Definition; description; explication; exposition;
interpretation; detail. See {Definition}.
Explanative \Ex*plan"a*tive\, a.
Explanatory.
Explanatoriness \Ex*plan"a*to*ri*ness\, n.
The quality of being explanatory.
Explanatory \Ex*plan"a*to*ry\, a. [L. explanatorius.]
Serving to explain; containing explanation; as explanatory
notes. --Swift.
Explat \Ex*plat"\, Explate \Ex*plate"\, v. t. [Pref. ex-+plat or
plait.]
To explain; to unfold. [Obs.]
Like Solon's self explatest the knotty laws. --B.
Jonson.
Expletion \Ex*ple"tion\, n. [L. expletio a satisfying. See
{Expletive}.]
Accomplishment; fulfillment. [Obs.] --Killingbeck.
Expletive \Ex"ple*tive\, a. [L. expletivus, from expletus, p. p.
of explere to fill up; ex out+plere to fill, akin to plenus
full: cf. F. expl['e]tif. See {Full}.]
Filling up; hence, added merely for the purpose of filling
up; superfluous. ``Expletive imagery.'' --Hallam.
Expletive phrases to plump his speech. --Barrow.
Expletive \Ex"ple*tive\, n.
A word, letter, or syllable not necessary to the sense, but
inserted to fill a vacancy; an oath.
While explectives their feeble aid to join, And ten low
words oft creep in one dull line. --Pope.
Expletively \Ex"ple*tive*ly\, adv.
In the manner of an expletive.
Expletory \Ex"ple*to*ry\, a.
Serving to fill up; expletive; superfluous; as, an expletory
word. --Bp. Burnet.
Explicable \Ex"pli*ca*ble\, a. [L. explicabilis: cf. F.
explicable.]
Capable of being explicated; that may be explained or
accounted for; admitting explanation.
It is not explicable upon any grounds. --Burke.
Explicableness \Ex"pli*ca*ble*ness\, n.
Quality of being explicable.
Explicate \Ex"pli*cate\, a. [L. explicatus, p. p. of explicare.]
Evolved; unfolded. --Jer. Taylor.
Explicate \Ex"pli*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Explicated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Explicating}.]
1. To unfold; to expand; to lay open. [Obs.] ``They explicate
the leaves.'' --Blackmore.
2. To unfold the meaning or sense of; to explain; to clear of
difficulties or obscurity; to interpret.
The last verse of his last satire is not yet
sufficiently explicated. --Dryden.
Explication \Ex`pli*ca"tion\, n. [L. explicatio: cf. F.
explication.]
1. The act of opening, unfolding, or explaining; explanation;
exposition; interpretation.
The explication of our Savior's parables.
--Atterbury.
2. The sense given by an expositor. --Bp. Burnet.
Explicative \Ex"pli*ca*tive\, a. [Cf. F. explicatif.]
Serving to unfold or explain; tending to lay open to the
understanding; explanatory. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Explicator \Ex"pli*ca`tor\, n. [L.]
One who unfolds or explains; an expounder; an explainer.
Explicatory \Ex"pli*ca`to*ry\, a.
Explicative. --Barrow.
Explicit \Ex"pli*cit\ [LL., an abbreviation of explicitus (est
liber) the book (which anciently was a roll of parchment) is
unfolded (and, of course, ``finished''). See {Explicit}, a.]
A word formerly used (as finis is now) at the conclusion of a
book to indicate the end.
Explicit \Ex*plic"it\, a. [L. explicitus; p. p. of explicare to
unfold: cf. F. explicite. See {Explicate}, {Exploit}.]
1. Not implied merely, or conveyed by implication; distinctly
stated; plain in language; open to the understanding;
clear; not obscure or ambiguous; express; unequivocal; as,
an explicit declaration.
The language of the charter was too explicit to
admit of a doubt. --Bancroft.
2. Having no disguised meaning or reservation; unreserved;
outspoken; -- applied to persons; as, he was earnest and
explicit in his statement.
{Explicit function}. (Math.) See under {Function}.
Syn: Express; clear; plain; open; unreserved; unambiguous.
Usage: {Explicit}, {Express}. Explicit denotes a setting
forth in the plainest language, so that the meaning
can not be misunderstood; as, an explicit promise.
Express is stronger than explicit: it adds force to
clearness. An express promise or engagement is not
only unambiguous, but stands out in bold relief, with
the most binding hold on the conscience. An explicit
statement; a clear and explicit notion; explicit
direction; no words can be more explicit. An explicit
command; an express prohibition. ``An express
declaration goes forcibly and directly to the point.
An explicit declaration leaves nothing ambiguous.''
--C. J. Smith.
Explicitly \Ex*plic"it*ly\, adv.
In an explicit manner; clearly; plainly; without disguise or
reservation of meaning; not by inference or implication; as,
he explicitly avows his intention.
Explicitness \Ex*plic"it*ness\, n.
The quality of being explicit; clearness; directness. --Jer.
Taylor.
Explode \Ex*plode"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Exploded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Exploding}.] [L. explodere, explosum, to drive out,
drive out a player by clapping; ex out+plaudere, plodere, to
clap, strike, applaud: cf. OF. exploder. See {Plausible}.]
1. To become suddenly expanded into a great volume of gas or
vapor; to burst violently into flame; as gunpowder
explodes.
2. To burst with force and a loud report; to detonate, as a
shell filled with powder or the like material, or as a
boiler from too great pressure of steam.
3. To burst forth with sudden violence and noise; as, at
this, his wrath exploded.
Explode \Ex*plode"\, v. t.
1. To drive from the stage by noisy expressions of
disapprobation; to hoot off; to drive away or reject
noisily; as, to explode a play. [Obs.]
Him old and young Exploded, and seized with violent
hands. --Milton.
2. To bring into disrepute, and reject; to drive from notice
and acceptance; as, to explode a scheme, fashion, or
doctrine.
Old exploded contrivances of mercantile fraud.
--Burke.
To explode and exterminate dark atheism. --Bently.
3. To cause to explode or burst noisily; to detonate; as, to
explode powder by touching it with fire.
4. To drive out with violence and noise, as by powder.
But late the kindled powder did explode The massy
ball and the brass tube unload. --Blackmore.
Explodent \Ex*plod"ent\, n.
1. An instrument or agent causing explosion; an exploder;
also, an explosive.
2. See {Explosive}, n., 2.
Exploder \Ex*plod"er\, n.
1. One who or that which explodes.
2. One who rejects an opinion or scheme with open contempt.
--South.
Exploit \Ex*ploit"\, n. [OE. esploit success, OF. esploit,
espleit,revenue, product, vigor, force, exploit, F. exploit
exploit, fr. L. explicitum, prop. p. p. neut. of explicare to
unfold, display, exhibit; ex + plicare to fold. See {Ply},
and cf. {Explicit}, {Explicate}.]
1. A deed or act; especially, a heroic act; a deed of renown;
an adventurous or noble achievement; as, the exploits of
Alexander the Great.
Ripe for exploits and mighty enterprises. --Shak.
2. Combat; war. [Obs.]
He made haste to exploit some warlike service.
--Holland.
2. [F. exploiter.] To utilize; to make available; to get the
value or usefulness out of; as, to exploit a mine or
agricultural lands; to exploit public opinion. [Recent]
3. Hence: To draw an illegitimate profit from; to speculate
on; to put upon. [Recent]
In no sense whatever does a man who accumulates a
fortune by legitimate industry exploit his
employ['e]s or make his capital ``out of'' anybody
else. --W. G.
Sumner.
Exploitation \Ex`ploi*ta"tion\, n. [F.]
The act of exploiting or utilizing. --J. D. Whitney.
Exploiture \Ex*ploi"ture\ (?; 135), n.
1. The act of exploiting or accomplishing; achievement.
[Obs.] --Udall.
2. Exploitation. --Harper's Mag.
Explorable \Ex*plor"a*ble\, a.
That may be explored; as, an explorable region.
Explorate \Ex*plo"rate\, v. t. [L. explorare, exploratum.]
To explore. [Obs.] --Sir. T. Browne.
Exploration \Ex`plo*ra"tion\, n. [L. exploratio: cf. F.
exploration.]
The act of exploring, penetrating, or ranging over for
purposes of discovery, especially of geographical discovery;
examination; as, the exploration of unknown countries; (Med.)
physical examination.
``An exploration of doctrine.'' --Bp. Hall.
Explorative \Ex*plor"a*tive\, a.
Exploratory.
Explorator \Ex"plo*ra`tor\, n. [L.]
One who explores; one who examines closely; a searcher.
Exploratory \Ex*plor"a*to*ry\, a. [L. exploratorius.]
Serving or intended to explore; searching; examining;
explorative. --Sir H. Wotton.
Explore \Ex*plore"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Explored}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Exploring}.] [L. explorare to explore; ex out+plorare
to cry out aloud,prob. orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to
E. flow: cf. F. explorer.]
1. To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to
look wisely and carefully for. [Obs.]
Explores the lost, the wandering sheep directs.
--Pope.
2. To search through or into; to penetrate or range over for
discovery; to examine thoroughly; as, to explore new
countries or seas; to explore the depths of science.
``Hidden frauds [to] explore.'' --Dryden.
Explorement \Ex*plore"ment\, n.
The act of exploring; exploration. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Explorer \Ex*plor"er\, n.
One who explores; also, an apparatus with which one explores,
as a diving bell.
Eploring \Eplor"ing\, a.
Employed in, or designed for, exploration. ``Exploring
parties.'' --Bancroft.
Explosion \Ex*plo"sion\, n. [L. explosio a driving off by
clapping: cf. F. explosion explosion. See {Explode}.]
1. The act of exploding; detonation; a chemical action which
causes the sudden formation of a great volume of expanded
gas; as, the explosion of gunpowder, of fire damp,etc.
2. A bursting with violence and loud noise, because of
internal pressure; as, the explosion of a gun, a bomb, a
steam boiler, etc.
3. A violent outburst of feeling, manifested by excited
language, action, etc.; as, an explosion of wrath.
A formidable explosion of high-church fanaticism.
--Macaulay.
Explosive \Ex*plo"sive\, a. [Cf. F. explosif.]
Driving or bursting out with violence and noise; causing
explosion; as, the explosive force of gunpowder.
Explosive \Ex*plo"sive\, n.
1. An explosive agent; a compound or mixture susceptible of a
rapid chemical reaction, as gunpowder, or nitro-glycerine.
2. A sound produced by an explosive impulse of the breath;
(Phonetics) one of consonants p, b, t, d, k, g, which are
sounded with a sort of explosive power of voice.
Note: [See Guide to Pronunciation, [root] 155-7, 184.]
Explosively \Ex*plo"sive*ly\, adv.
In an explosive manner.
Expoliation \Ex*po`li*a"tion\, n.
See {Exspoliation}. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Expolish \Ex*pol"ish\, v. t. [Cf. L. expolire. See {Polish}.]
To polish thoroughly. [Obs.] --Heywood.
Expone \Ex*pone"\, v. t. [OE. exponen. See {Expound}.]
To expound; to explain; also, to expose; to imperil. [Old
Eng. & Scotch] --Drummond.
Exponent \Ex*po"nent\, n. [L. exponens, -entis, p. pr. of
exponere to put out, set forth, expose. See {Expound}.]
1. (Alg.) A number, letter, or any quantity written on the
right hand of and above another quantity, and denoting how
many times the latter is repeated as a factor to produce
the power indicated;
Note: thus a^{2} denotes the second power, and a^{n} the xth
power, of a (2 and x being the exponents). A fractional
exponent, or index, is used to denote the root of a
quantity. Thus, a^{1/3} denotes the third or cube root
of a.
2. One who, or that which, stands as an index or
representative; as, the leader of a party is the exponent
of its principles.
{Exponent of a ratio}, the quotient arising when the
antecedent is divided by the consequent; thus, 6 is the
exponent of the ratio of 30 to 5. [R.]
Exponential \Ex`po*nen"tial\, a. [Cf. F. exponentiel.]
Pertaining to exponents; involving variable exponents; as, an
exponential expression; exponential calculus; an exponential
function.
{Exponential curve}, a curve whose nature is defined by means
of an exponential equation.
{Exponential equation}, an equation which contains an
exponential quantity, or in which the unknown quantity
enters as an exponent.
{Exponential quantity} (Math.), a quantity whose exponent is
unknown or variable, as a^{x}.
{Exponential series}, a series derived from the development
of exponential equations or quantities.
Export \Ex*port"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exported}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Exporting}.] [L. exportare, exportatum; ex out+portare to
carry : cf. F. exporter. See {Port} demeanor.]
1. To carry away; to remove. [Obs.]
[They] export honor from a man, and make him a
return in envy. --Bacon.
2. To carry or send abroad, or out of a country, especially
to foreign countries, as merchandise or commodities in the
way of commerce; -- the opposite of import; as, to export
grain, cotton, cattle, goods, etc.
Export \Ex"port\, n.
1. The act of exporting; exportation; as, to prohibit the
export of wheat or tobacco.
2. That which is exported; a commodity conveyed from one
country or State to another in the way of traffic; -- used
chiefly in the plural, exports.
The ordinary course of exchange . . . between two
places must likewise be an indication of the
ordinary course of their exports and imports. --A.
Smith.
Exportability \Ex*port`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being suitable for exportation.
To increase the exportability of native goods. --J. P.
Peters.
Exportable \Ex*port"a*ble\, a.
Suitable for exportation; as, exportable products.
Exportation \Ex`por*ta"tion\, n. [L. exportatio: cf. F.
exporation.]
1. The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending
commodities abroad or to another country, in the course of
commerce.
2. Commodity exported; an export.
3. The act of carrying out. [R.] --Bourne.
Exporter \Ex*port"er\, n.
One who exports; the person who sends goods or commodities to
a foreign country, in the way of commerce; -- opposed to
importer.
Exposal \Ex*pos"al\, n.
Exposure. --Swift.
Expose \Ex*pose"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exposed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Exposing}.] [F. exposer; pref. ex- (L. ex out)+poser to
place. See {Pose}, v. t.]
1. To set forth; to set out to public view; to exhibit; to
show; to display; as, to expose goods for sale; to expose
pictures to public inspection.
Those who seek truth only, freely expose their
principles to the test, and are pleased to have them
examined. --Locke.
2. To lay bare; to lay open to attack, danger, or anything
objectionable; to render accessible to anything which may
affect, especially detrimentally; to make liable; as, to
expose one's self to the heat of the sun, or to cold,
insult, danger, or ridicule; to expose an army to
destruction or defeat.
Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel. --Shak.
3. To deprive of concealment; to discover; to lay open to
public inspection, or bring to public notice, as a thing
that shuns publicity, something criminal, shameful, or the
like; as, to expose the faults of a neighbor.
You only expose the follies of men, without
arraigning their vices. --Dryden.
4. To disclose the faults or reprehensible practices of; to
lay open to general condemnation or contempt by making
public the character or arts of; as, to expose a cheat,
liar, or hypocrite.
Expos'e \Ex`po`s['e]"\, n. [F., prop. p. p. of exposer. See
{Expose}, v. t.]
A formal recital or exposition of facts; exposure, or
revelation, of something which some one wished to keep
concealed.
Exposedness \Ex*pos"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being exposed, laid open, or unprotected; as, an
exposedness to sin or temptation.
Exposer \Ex*pos"er\, n.
One who exposes or discloses.
Exposition \Ex`po*si"tion\, n. [L. expositio, fr. exponere,
expositum: cf. F. exposition. See {Expound}.]
1. The act of exposing or laying open; a setting out or
displaying to public view.
2. The act of expounding or of laying open the sense or
meaning of an author, or a passage; explanation;
interpretation; the sense put upon a passage; a law, or
the like, by an interpreter; hence, a work containing
explanations or interpretations; a commentary.
You know the law; your exposition Hath been most
sound. --Shak.
3. Situation or position with reference to direction of view
or accessibility to influence of sun, wind, etc.;
exposure; as, an easterly exposition; an exposition to the
sun. [Obs.] --Arbuthnot.
4. A public exhibition or show, as of industrial and artistic
productions; as, the Paris Exposition of 1878. [A
Gallicism]
Expositive \Ex*pos"i*tive\, a.
Serving to explain; expository. --Bp. Pearson.
Expositor \Ex*pos"i*tor\, n. [L. See {Expound}.]
One who, or that which, expounds or explains; an expounder; a
commentator. --Bp. Horsley.
Expository \Ex*pos"i*to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to, or containing, exposition; serving to explain;
explanatory; illustrative; exegetical.
A glossary or expository index to the poetical writers.
--Johnson.
Ex post facto \Ex" post` fac"to\, or Ex postfacto \Ex"
post`fac"to\ ([e^]ks" p[=o]st" f[a^]k"t[-o]). [L., from what is
done afterwards.] (Law)
From or by an after act, or thing done afterward; in
consequence of a subsequent act; retrospective.
{Ex post facto law}, a law which operates by after enactment.
The phrase is popularly applied to any law, civil or
criminal, which is enacted with a retrospective effect,
and with intention to produce that effect; but in its true
application, as employed in American law, it relates only
to crimes, and signifies a law which retroacts, by way of
criminal punishment, upon that which was not a crime
before its passage, or which raises the grade of an
offense, or renders an act punishable in a more severe
manner that it was when committed. Ex post facto laws are
held to be contrary to the fundamental principles of a
free government, and the States are prohibited from
passing such laws by the Constitution of the United
States. --Burrill. --Kent.
Expostulate \Ex*pos"tu*late\ (?; 135), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Expostulated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Expostulating}.] [L.
expostulatus, p. p. of expostulare to demand vehemently; ex
out + postulare to ask, require. See {Postulate}.]
To reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of his
conduct, representing the wrong he has done or intends, and
urging him to make redress or to desist; to remonstrate; --
followed by with.
Men expostulate with erring friends; they bring
accusations against enemies who have done them a wrong.
--Jowett
(Thuc. ).
Syn: To remonstrate; reason. See {Remonstrate}.
Expostulate \Ex*pos"tu*late\, v. t.
To discuss; to examine. [Obs.]
To expostulate What majesty should be, what duty is.
--Shak.
Expostulation \Ex*pos`tu*la"tion\, n. [L. expostulatio.]
The act of expostulating or reasoning with a person in
opposition to some impropriety of conduct; remonstrance;
earnest and kindly protest; dissuasion.
We must use expostulation kindly. --Shak.
Expostulator \Ex*pos"tu*la`tor\ (?;135), n.
One who expostulates. --Lamb.
Expostulatory \Ex*pos"tu*la*to*ry\, a.
Containing expostulation or remonstrance; as, an
expostulatory discourse or letter.
Exposture \Ex*pos"ture\ (?;135), n. [Cf. {Imposture}.]
Exposure. [Obs.] --Shak.
Exposure \Ex*po"sure\ (?;135), n. [From {Expose}.]
1. The act of exposing or laying open, setting forth, laying
bare of protection, depriving of care or concealment, or
setting out to reprobation or contempt.
The exposure of Fuller . . . put an end to the
practices of that vile tribe. --Macaulay.
2. The state of being exposed or laid open or bare; openness
to danger; accessibility to anything that may affect,
especially detrimentally; as, exposure to observation, to
cold, to inconvenience.
When we have our naked frailties hid, That suffer in
exposure. --Shak.
3. Position as to points of compass, or to influences of
climate, etc. ``Under a southern exposure.'' --Evelyn.
The best exposure of the two for woodcocks. --Sir.
W. Scott.
4. (Photog.) The exposing of a sensitized plate to the action
of light.
Expound \Ex*pound"\ ([e^]ks*pound"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Expounded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Expounding}.] [OE. exponen,
expounen, expounden, fr. L. exponere to set out, expose,
expound; ex out + ponere to put: cf. OE. expondre, expondre.
See {Position}.]
1. To lay open; to expose to view; to examine. [Obs.]
He expounded both his pockets. --Hudibras.
2. To lay open the meaning of; to explain; to clear of
obscurity; to interpret; as, to expound a text of
Scripture, a law, a word, a meaning, or a riddle.
Expound this matter more fully to me. --Bunyan.
Expounder \Ex*pound"er\ (-[~e]r), n.
One who expounds or explains; an interpreter.
Express \Ex*press"\ ([e^]ks*pr[e^]s"), a. [F. expr[`e]s, L.
expressus, p. p. of exprimere to express; ex. out + premere
To press. See {Press}.]
1. Exactly representing; exact.
Their human countenance The express resemblance of
the gods. --Milton.
2. Directly and distinctly stated; declared in terms; not
implied or left to inference; made unambiguous by
intention and care; clear; not dubious; as, express
consent; an express statement.
I have express commandment. --Shak.
3. Intended for a particular purpose; relating to an express;
sent on a particular errand; dispatched with special
speed; as, an express messenger or train. Also used
adverbially.
A messenger sent express from the other world.
--Atterbury.
{Express color}. (Law) See the Note under {Color}, n., 8.
Syn: Explicit; clear; unambiguous. See {Explicit}.
Express \Ex*press"\, n. [Cf. F. expr[`e]s a messenger.]
1. A clear image or representation; an expression; a plain
declaration. [Obs.]
The only remanent express of Christ's sacrifice on
earth. --Jer. Taylor.
2. A messenger sent on a special errand; a courier; hence, a
regular and fast conveyance; commonly, a company or system
for the prompt and safe transportation of merchandise or
parcels; also, a railway train for transporting passengers
or goods with speed and punctuality.
3. An express office.
She charged him . . . to ask at the express if
anything came up from town. --E. E. Hale.
4. That which is sent by an express messenger or message.
[Obs.] --Eikon Basilike.
{Express office}, an office where packages for an express are
received or delivered.
Express \Ex*press"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expressed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Expressing}.] [Cf. OF. espresser, expresser, L.
exprimere, expressum. See {Express}, a.; cf. {Sprain}.]
1. To press or squeeze out; as, to express the juice of
grapes, or of apples; hence, to extort; to elicit.
All the fruits out of which drink is expressed.
--Bacon.
And th'idle breath all utterly expressed. --Spenser.
Halters and racks can not express from thee More
than by deeds. --B. Jonson.
2. To make or offer a representation of; to show by a copy or
likeness; to represent; to resemble.
Each skillful artist shall express thy form. --E.
Smith.
So kids and whelps their sires and dams express.
--Dryden.
3. To give a true impression of; to represent and make known;
to manifest plainly; to show in general; to exhibit, as an
opinion or feeling, by a look, gesture, and esp. by
language; to declare; to utter; to tell.
My words express my purpose. --Shak.
They expressed in their lives those excellent
doctrines of morality. --Addison.
4. To make known the opinions or feelings of; to declare what
is in the mind of; to show (one's self); to cause to
appear; -- used reflexively.
Mr. Phillips did express with much indignation
against me, one evening. --Pope.
5. To denote; to designate.
Moses and Aaron took these men, which are expressed
by their names. --Num. i. 17.
6. To send by express messenger; to forward by special
opportunity, or through the medium of an express; as, to
express a package.
Syn: To declare; utter; signify; testify; intimate.
Expressage \Ex*press"age\ ([e^]ks*pr[e^]s"[asl]j; 48), n.
The charge for carrying a parcel by express.
Expressible \Ex*press"i*ble\ (-[i^]*b'l), a.
Capable of being expressed, squeezed out, shown, represented,
or uttered. -- {Express"i*bly},adv.
Expression \Ex*pres"sion\ ([e^]ks*pr[e^]sh"[u^]n), n. [L.
expressio: cf. F. expression.]
1. The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure;
as, the expression of juices or oils; also, of extorting
or eliciting; as, a forcible expression of truth.
2. The act of declaring or signifying; declaration;
utterance; as, an expression of the public will.
With this tone of philosophy were mingled
expressions of sympathy. --Prescott.
3. Lively or vivid representation of meaning, sentiment, or
feeling, etc.; significant and impressive indication,
whether by language, appearance, or gesture; that manner
or style which gives life and suggestive force to ideas
and sentiments; as, he reads with expression; her
performance on the piano has expression.
The imitators of Shakespeare, fixing their attention
on his wonderful power of expression, have directed
their imitation to this. --M. Arnold.
4. That which is expressed by a countenance, a posture, a
work of art, etc.; look, as indicative of thought or
feeling. ``The expression of an eye.''
--Tennyson.
It still wore the majesty of expression so conspicuous in
his portraits by the inimitable pencil of Titian.
--Prescott.
5. A form of words in which an idea or sentiment is conveyed;
a mode of speech; a phrase; as, a common expression; an
odd expression.
6. (Math.) The representation of any quantity by its
appropriate characters or signs.
{Past expression}, {Beyond expression}, beyond the power of
description. ``Beyond expression bright.'' --Milton.
Expressional \Ex*pres"sion*al\ (-al), a.
Of, or relating to, expression; phraseological; also, vividly
representing or suggesting an idea or sentiment. --Fitzed.
Hall. --Ruskin.
Expressionless \Ex*pres"sion*less\, a.
Destitute of expression.
Expressive \Ex*press"ive\, a. [Cf. F. expressif.]
1. Serving to express, utter, or represent; indicative;
communicative; -- followed by of; as, words expressive of
his gratitude.
Each verse so swells expressive of her woes.
--Tickell.
2. Full of expression; vividly representing the meaning or
feeling meant to be conveyed; significant; emphatic; as,
expressive looks or words.
You have restrained yourself within the list of too
cold an adieu; be more expressive to them. --Shak.
Through her expressive eyes her soul distinctly
spoke. --Littelton.
-- {Ex*press"ive*ly},adv. -- {Ex*press"ive*ness},n.
Expressly \Ex*press"ly\, adv.
In an express manner; in direct terms; with distinct purpose;
particularly; as, a book written expressly for the young.
The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel.
--Ezek. i. 3.
I am sent expressly to your lordship. --Shak.
Expressman \Ex*press"man\ (-man), n.; pl. {Expressmen} (-men).
A person employed in the express business; also, the driver
of a job wagon. --W. D. Howells.
Expressness \Ex*press"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being express; definiteness. [Obs.]
--Hammond.
Expressure \Ex*pres"sure\ (?;135), n.
The act of expressing; expression; utterance; representation.
[Obs.]
An operation more divine Than breath or pen can give
expressure to. --Shak.
Exprobrate \Ex"pro*brate\, v. t. [L. exprobratus, p. p. of
exprobrare; ex out + probrum a shameful or disgraceful act.]
To charge upon with reproach; to upbraid. [R.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Exprobration \Ex`pro*bra"tion\, n. [L. exprobration: cf. F.
exprobration.]
Reproachful accusation; upbraiding. [Obs.]
A fearful exprobration of our unworthiness. --Jer.
Taylor.
Exprobrative \Ex*pro"bra*tive\, Exprobratory \Ex*pro"bra*to*ry\,
a.
Expressing reproach; upbraiding; reproachful. [R.] --Sir A.
Shirley.
Expropriate \Ex*pro"pri*ate\, v. t. [L. ex out, from + proprius
one's own: cf. F. exproprier.]
To put out of one's possession; to surrender the ownership
of; also, to deprive of possession or proprietary rights.
--Boyle.
Expropriate these [bad landlords] as the monks were
expropriated by Act of Parliament. --M. Arnold.
Expropriation \Ex*pro`pri*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. expropriation.]
The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to
exclusive property; the act of depriving of ownership or
proprietary rights. --W. Montagu.
The expropriation of bad landlords. --M. Arnold.
Expugn \Ex*pugn"\ ([e^]ks*p[=u]n"), v. t. [L. expugnare; ex out
+ pugnare to fight, pugna fight. Cf. {Impugn}.]
To take by assault; to storm; to overcome; to vanquish; as,
to expugn cities; to expugn a person by arguments.
Expugnable \Ex*pug"nable\ ([e^]ks*p[u^]g"n[.a]*b'l), a. [L.
expugnabilis.]
Capable of being expugned.
Expugnation \Ex`pug*na"tion\, n. [L. expugnatio.]
The act of taking by assault; conquest. [R.] --Sandys.
Expugner \Ex*pugn"er\, n.
One who expugns.
Expulse \Ex*pulse"\, v. t. [F. expulser or L. expulsare, intens.
fr. expellere. See {Expel}.]
To drive out; to expel. [Obs.]
If charity be thus excluded and expulsed. --Milton.
Expulser \Ex*puls"er\, n.
An expeller. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
Expulsion \Ex*pul"sion\, n. [L. expulsio, fr. expellere: cf. F.
expulsion. See {Expel}.]
1. The act of expelling; a driving or forcing out; summary
removal from membership, association, etc.
The expulsion of the Tarquins. --Shak.
2. The state of being expelled or driven out.
Expulsive \Ex*pul"sive\, a. [Cf. F. expulsif.]
Having the power of driving out or away; serving to expel.
The expulsive power of a new affection. --Chalmers.
Expunction \Ex*punc"tion\, n. [L. expunctio execution,
performance, from expungere. See {Expunge}.]
The act of expunging or erasing; the condition of being
expunged. --Milton.
Expunge \Ex*punge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Expunged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Expunging}.] [L. expungere, expunctum, prick out,
expunge, settle an account, execute; ex out + pungere to
prick, puncture. See {Pungent.}]
1. To blot out, as with pen; to rub out; to efface
designedly; to obliterate; to strike out wholly; as, to
expunge words, lines, or sentences.
2. To strike out; to wipe out or destroy; to annihilate; as,
to expugne an offense. --Sandys.
Expugne the whole, or lop th' excrescent parts.
--Pope.
Syn: To efface; erase; obliterate; strike out; destroy;
annihilate; cancel.
Expurgate \Ex"pur*gate\ (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Expurgated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Expurgating}.] [L. expurgatus,
p. p. of expurgare to purge, purify; ex out, from + purgare
to cleanse, purify, purge. See {Purge}, and cf. {Spurge}.]
To purify; to clear from anything noxious, offensive, or
erroneous; to cleanse; to purge; as, to expurgate a book.
Expurgation \Ex`pur*ga"tion\, n. [L. expurgatio justification,
excuse: cf. F. expurgation.]
The act of expurgating, purging, or cleansing; purification
from anything noxious, offensive, sinful, or erroneous.
--Milton.
Expurgator \Ex"pur*ga`tor\ (?; 277), n.
One who expurgates or purifies.
Expurgatorial \Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*al\, a.
Tending or serving to expurgate; expurgatory. --Milman.
Expurgatorious \Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*ous\, a.
Expurgatory. [Obs.] ``Expurgatorious indexes.'' --Milton.
Expurgatory \Ex*pur"ga*to*ry\, a. [Cf. F. expurgatoire.]
Serving to purify from anything noxious or erroneous;
cleansing; purifying. ``Expurgatory animadversions.'' --Sir
T. Browne.
{Expurgatory Index}. See {Index Expurgatorius}, under
{Index}.
Expurge \Ex*purge"\, v. t. [Cf. OF. espurgier. See {Expurgate}.]
To purge away. [Obs.] --Milton.
Exquire \Ex*quire"\, v. t. [L. exquirere. See {Exquisite}.]
To search into or out. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Exquisite \Ex"qui*site\, a. [L. exquisitus, p. p. of exquirere
to search out; ex out + quarere to seek, search. See
{Quest}.]
1. Carefully selected or sought out; hence, of distinguishing
and surpassing quality; exceedingly nice; delightfully
excellent; giving rare satisfaction; as, exquisite
workmanship.
Plate of rare device, and jewels Of reach and
exquisite form. --Shak.
I have no exquisite reason for 't, but I have reason
good enough. --Shak.
2. Exceeding; extreme; keen; -- used in a bad or a good
sense; as, exquisite pain or pleasure.
3. Of delicate perception or close and accurate
discrimination; not easy to satisfy; exact; nice;
fastidious; as, exquisite judgment, taste, or discernment.
His books of Oriental languages, wherein he was
exquisite. --Fuller.
Syn: Nice; delicate; exact; refined; choice; rare; matchless;
consummate; perfect.
Exquisite \Ex"qui*site\, n.
One who manifests an exquisite attention to external
appearance; one who is overnice in dress or ornament; a fop;
a dandy.
Exquisitely \Ex"qui*site*ly\, adv.
In an exquisite manner or degree; as, lace exquisitely
wrought.
To a sensitive observer there was something exquisitely
painful in it. --Hawthorne.
Exquisiteness \Ex"qui*site*ness\, n.
Quality of being exquisite.
Exquisitive \Ex*quis"i*tive\, a.
Eager to discover or learn; curious. [Obs.] --Todd. --
{Ex*quis"i*tive*ly}, adv. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Exsanguine \Ex*san"guine\, a.
Bloodless. [R.]
Exsanguineous \Ex`san*guin"e*ous\, a.
Destitute of blood; an[ae]mic; exsanguious.
Exsanguinity \Ex`san*guin"i*ty\, n. (Med.)
Privation or destitution of blood; -- opposed to plethora.
--Dunglison.
Exsanguinous \Ex*san"gui*nous\, a.
See {Exsanguious}.
Exsanguious \Ex*san"gui*ous\, a. [L. exsanguis; ex out +
sanguis, sanguinis, blood. Cf. {Exsanguineous}.]
1. Destitute of blood. --Sir T. Browne.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Destitute of true, or red, blood, as insects.
Exscind \Ex*scind"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exscinded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Exscinding}.] [L. exscindere; ex out, from + scindere
to cut.]
To cut off; to separate or expel from union; to extirpate.
--Barrow.
The second presbytery of Philadelphia was also
exscinded by that Assembly. --Am. Cyc.
Exscribe \Ex*scribe"\, v. t. [L. excribere; ex out, from +
scribere to write.]
To copy; to transcribe. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Exscript \Ex"script\, n. [L. exscriptus, p. p. of exscribere.]
A copy; a transcript. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Exscriptural \Ex*scrip"tur*al\ (?; 135), a. [Pref.
ex-+scriptural.]
Not in accordance with the doctrines of Scripture;
unscriptural.
Exscutellate \Ex*scu"tel*late\, a. [Pref. ex- + scutellate.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Without, or apparently without, a scutellum; -- said of
certain insects.
Exsect \Ex*sect"\, v. t. [L. exsectio.]
1. A cutting out or away. --E. Darwin.
2. (Surg.) The removal by operation of a portion of a limb;
particularly, the removal of a portion of a bone in the
vicinity of a joint; the act or process of cutting out.
Exsert \Ex*sert"\, Exserted \Ex*sert"ed\, a. [L. exsertus, p. p.
of exserere to stretch out or forth. See {Exert}.]
Standing out; projecting beyond some other part; as, exsert
stamens.
A small portion of the basal edge of the shell
exserted. --D. H.
Barnes.
Exsertile \Ex*sert"ile\, a. (Biol.)
Capable of being thrust out or protruded. --J. Fleming.
Exsiccant \Ex*sic"cant\, a. [L. exsiccans, p. pr. of exsiccare.
See {Exsiccate}.]
Having the quality of drying up; causing a drying up. -- n.
(Med.) An exsiccant medicine.
Exsiccate \Ex"sic*cate\ (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Exsiccated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Exsiccating}.] [L. exsiccatus,
p. p. of exsiccare to dry up; ex out + siccare to make dry,
siccus dry.]
To exhaust or evaporate moisture from; to dry up. --Sir T.
Browne.
Exsiccation \Ex`sic*ca"tion\, n. [L. exsiccatio: cf. F.
exsiccation.]
The act of operation of drying; evaporation or expulsion of
moisture; state of being dried up; dryness. --Sir T. Browne.
Exsiccative \Ex*sic"ca*tive\, a.
Tending to make dry; having the power of drying.
Exsiccator \Ex"sic*ca`tor\, n. (Chem.)
An apparatus for drying substances or preserving them from
moisture; a desiccator; also, less frequently, an agent
employed to absorb moisture, as calcium chloride, or
concentrated sulphuric acid.
Exsiliency \Ex*sil"i*en*cy\ (?; 106), n. [L. exsiliens leaping
out, p. pr. of exsilire; ex out + salire to leap.]
A leaping out. [R.] --Latham.
Exsolution \Ex`so*lu"tion\, n. [L. exsolutio a release.]
Relaxation. [R.] --Richardson (Dict. ).
Exspoliation \Ex*spo`li*a"tion\, n. [L. exspoliatio, fr.
exspoliare to spoil, to plunder; ex out, from + spoliare. See
{Spoliate}.]
Spoliation. [Obs. or R.] --Bp. Hall.
Exspuition \Ex`spu*i"tion\, n. [L. exspuitio; ex out + spuere to
spit: cf. F. exspuition.]
A discharge of saliva by spitting. [R.] --E. Darwin.
Exsputory \Ex*spu"to*ry\, a.
Spit out, or as if spit out. ``Exsputory lines.'' --Cowper.
Exstipulate \Ex*stip"u*late\, a. [Pref. ex- + stipulate.] (Bot.)
Having no stipules. --Martyn.
Exstrophy \Ex"stro*phy\, n. [Gr. ? to turn inside out; ? = ? out
+ ? to turn.] (Med.)
The eversion or turning out of any organ, or of its inner
surface; as, exstrophy of the eyelid or of the bladder.
Exsuccous \Ex*suc"cous\, a. [L. exsuccus; ex out + succus
juice.]
Destitute of juice; dry; sapless. Latham.
Exsuction \Ex*suc"tion\, n. [L. exsugere, exsuctum, to suck out;
ex out + sugere to suck: cf. F. exsuccion.]
The act of sucking out.
Exsudation \Ex`su*da"tion\, n.
Exudation.
Exsufflate \Ex`suf*flate"\, v. t. [L. exsufflare to blow at or
upon; ex out + sufflare. See {Sufflate}.] (Eccles.)
To exorcise or renounce by blowing.
Exsufflation \Ex`suf*fla"tion\, n. [Cf. LL. exsufflatio.]
1. A blast from beneath. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. (Eccles.) A kind of exorcism by blowing with the breath.
--Jer. Taylor.
3. (Physiol.) A strongly forced expiration of air from the
lungs.
Exsufflicate \Ex*suf"fli*cate\, a.
Empty; frivolous. [A Shakespearean word only once used.]
Such exsufflicate and blown surmises. --Shak. (Oth.
iii. 3, 182).
Exsuscitate \Ex*sus"ci*tate\, v. t. [L. exsuscitatus, p. p. of
exsuscitare; ex out + suscitare. See {Suscitate}.]
To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Exsuscitation \Ex*sus`ci*ta"tion\, n. [L. exsuscitatio.]
A stirring up; a rousing. [Obs.] --Hallywell.
Extacy \Ex"ta*cy\, n.
See {Ecstasy}. [Obs.]
Extance \Ex"tance\, n. [L. extantia, exstantia, a standing out,
fr. exstans, p. pr. See {Extant}.]
Outward existence. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Extancy \Ex"tan*cy\, n. [L. extantia, exstantia.]
The state of rising above others; a projection. --Evelyn.
Boyle.
Extant \Ex"tant\, a. [L. extans, -antis, or exstans, -antis, p.
pr. of extare, exstare, to stand out or forth; ex out + stare
to stand: cf. F. extant. See {Stand}.]
1. Standing out or above any surface; protruded.
That part of the teeth which is extant above the
gums. --Ray.
A body partly immersed in a fluid and partly extant.
--Bentley.
2. Still existing; not destroyed or lost; outstanding.
Writings that were extant at that time. --Sir M.
Hale.
The extant portraits of this great man. --I. Taylor.
3. Publicly known; conspicuous. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Extasy \Ex"ta*sy\, n. & v. t.
See {Ecstasy}, n. & v. t.
Extatic \Ex*tat"ic\, a.
See {Ecstatic}, a.
Extemporal \Ex*tem"po*ral\, a. [L. extemporalis, from ex
tempore.]
Extemporaneous; unpremeditated. [Obs.] --B. Jonson. --
{Ex*tem"po*ral*ly}, adv. [Obs.]
Extemporanean \Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*an\, a.
Extemporaneous. [Obs] --Burton.
Extemporaneous \Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous\, a. [See {Extempore}.]
Composed, performed, or uttered on the spur of the moment, or
without previous study; unpremeditated; off-hand; extempore;
extemporary; as, an extemporaneous address or production. --
{Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness},n.
Extemporarily \Ex*tem"po*ra*ri*ly\, adv.
Extemporaneously.
Extemporary \Ex*tem"po*ra*ry\, a.
1. Extemporaneous. ``In extemporary prayer.'' --Fuller.
2. Made for the occasion; for the time being. [Obs.]
``Extemporary habitations.'' --Maundrell.
Extempore \Ex*tem"po*re\, adv. [L. ex out + tempus, temporis,
time. See {Temporal}.]
Without previous study or meditation; without preparation; on
the spur of the moment; suddenly; extemporaneously; as, to
write or speak extempore. --Shak. -- a. Done or performed
extempore. ``Extempore dissertation.'' --Addison. ``Extempore
poetry.'' --Dryden. -- n. Speaking or writing done extempore.
[Obs.] --Bp. Fell.
Extemporiness \Ex*tem"po*ri*ness\, n.
The quality of being done or devised extempore [Obs.]
--Johnson.
Extemporization \Ex*tem`po*ri*za"tion\, n.
The act of extemporizing; the act of doing anything
extempore.
Extemporize \Ex*tem"po*rize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Extemporized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Extemporizing}.]
To speak extempore; especially, to discourse without special
preparation; to make an offhand address.
Extemporize \Ex*tem"po*rize\, v. t.
To do, make, or utter extempore or off-hand; to prepare in
great haste, under urgent necessity, or with scanty or
unsuitable materials; as, to extemporize a dinner, a costume,
etc.
Themistocles . . . was of all men the best able to
extemporize the right thing to be done. --Jowett
(Thucyd. ).
Pitt, of whom it was said that he could extemporize a
Queen's speech --Lord
Campbell.
Extemporizer \Ex*tem"po*ri`zer\, n.
One who extemporizes.
Extend \Ex*tend"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Extended}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Extending}.] [L. extendere, extentum, extensum; ex out +
tendere to stretch. See {Trend}.]
1. To stretch out; to prolong in space; to carry forward or
continue in length; as, to extend a line in surveying; to
extend a cord across the street.
Few extend their thoughts toward universal
knowledge'. --Locke.
2. To enlarge, as a surface or volume; to expand; to spread;
to amplify; as, to extend metal plates by hammering or
rolling them.
3. To enlarge; to widen; to carry out further; as, to extend
the capacities, the sphere of usefulness, or commerce; to
extend power or influence; to continue, as time; to
lengthen; to prolong; as, to extend the time of payment or
a season of trail.
4. To hold out or reach forth, as the arm or hand.
His helpless hand extend. --Dryden.
5. To bestow; to offer; to impart; to apply; as, to extend
sympathy to the suffering.
6. To increase in quantity by weakening or adulterating
additions; as, to extend liquors. --G. P. Burnham.
7. (Eng. Law) To value, as lands taken by a writ of extent in
satisfaction of a debt; to assign by writ of extent.
{Extended letter} (Typog.), a letter, or style of type,
having a broader face than is usual for a letter or type
of the same height.
Note: This is extended type.
Syn: To increase; enlarge; expand; widen; diffuse. See
{Increase}.
Extendant \Ex*tend"ant\, a. (Her.)
Displaced. --Ogilvie.
Extendedly \Ex*tend"ed*ly\, adv.
In an extended manner.
Extender \Ex*tend"er\, n.
One who, or that which, extends or stretches anything.
Extendible \Ex*tend"i*ble\, a.
1. Capable of being extended, susceptible of being stretched,
extended, enlarged, widened, or expanded.
2. (Law) Liable to be taken by a writ of extent.
Extendlessness \Ex*tend"less*ness\, n.
Unlimited extension. [Obs.]
An . . . extendlessness of excursions. --Sir. M.
Hale.
Extense \Ex*tense"\, a. [L. extensus, p. p. See {Extend}, v. t.]
Outreaching; expansive; extended, superficially or otherwise.
Men and gods are too extense; Could you slacken and
condense? --Emerson.
Extensibility \Ex*ten`si*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being extensible; the capacity of being
extended; as, the extensibility of a fiber, or of a plate of
metal.
Extensible \Ex*ten"si*ble\, a. [Cf. F. extensible. See
{Extend}.]
Capable of being extended, whether in length or breadth;
susceptible of enlargement; extensible; extendible; -- the
opposite of contractible or compressible. ``An extensible
membrane'' --Holder.
Extensibleness \Ex*ten"si*ble*ness\, n.
Extensibility.
Extensile \Ex*ten"sile\a.
Suited for, or capable of, extension; extensible. --Owen.
Extension \Ex*ten"sion\, n. [L. extensio: cf. F. extension. See
{Extend}, v. t.]
1. The act of extending or the state of being extended; a
stretching out; enlargement in breadth or continuation of
length; increase; augmentation; expansion.
2. (Physics) That property of a body by which it occupies a
portion of space.
3. (Logic & Metaph.) Capacity of a concept or general term to
include a greater or smaller number of objects; --
correlative of intension.
The law is that the intension of our knowledge is in
the inverse ratio of its extension. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
The extension of [the term] plant is greater than
that of geranium, because it includes more objects.
--Abp.
Thomson.
4. (Surg.) The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to
bring the fragments into the same straight line.
5. (Physiol.) The straightening of a limb, in distinction
from flexion.
6. (Com.) A written engagement on the part of a creditor,
allowing a debtor further time to pay a debt.
{Counter extension}. (Surg.) See under {Counter}.
{Extension table}, a table so constructed as to be readily
extended or contracted in length.
Extensional \Ex*ten"sion*al\, a.
Having great extent.
Extensionist \Ex*ten"sion*ist\, n.
One who favors or advocates extension.
Extensive \Ex*ten"sive\, a. [L. extensivus: cf. F. extensif. See
{Extend}.]
1. Having wide extent; of much superficial extent; expanded;
large; broad; wide; comprehensive; as, an extensive farm;
an extensive lake; an extensive sphere of operations;
extensive benevolence; extensive greatness.
2. Capable of being extended. [Obs.]
Silver beaters choose the finest coin, as that which
is most extensive under the hammer. --Boyle.
Extensively \Ex*ten"sive*ly\, adv.
To a great extent; widely; largely; as, a story is
extensively circulated.
Extensiveness \Ex*ten"sive*ness\, n.
The state of being extensive; wideness; largeness; extent;
diffusiveness.
Extensometer \Ex`ten*som"e*ter\, n. [Extension + -meter.]
An instrument for measuring the extension of a body,
especially for measuring the elongation of bars of iron,
steel, or other material, when subjected to a tensile force.
Extensor \Ex*ten"sor\, n. [L., one who stretches. See {Extend}.]
(Anat.)
A muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the
body, as an arm or a finger; -- opposed to flexor.
Extensure \Ex*ten"sure\, n.
Extension. [R.] --Drayton.
Extent \Ex*tent"\, a. [L. extentus, p. p. of extendere. See
{Extend}.]
Extended. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Extent \Ex*tent"\, n. [L. extentus, fr. extendere. See
{Extend}.]
1. Space or degree to which a thing is extended; hence,
superficies; compass; bulk; size; length; as, an extent of
country or of line; extent of information or of charity.
Life in its large extent is scare a span. --Cotton.
2. Degree; measure; proportion. ``The extent to which we can
make ourselves what we wish to be.'' --Lubbock.
3. (Eng. Law)
(a) A peculiar species of execution upon debts due to the
crown, under which the lands and goods of the debtor
may be seized to secure payment.
(b) A process of execution by which the lands and goods of
a debtor are valued and delivered to the creditor.
Extenuate \Ex*ten"u*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Extenuated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Extenuating}.] [L. extenuatus, p. p. of
extenuare to make thin, loosen, weaken; ex out + tenuare to
make thin, tenuis thin. See {Tenuity}.]
1. To make thin or slender; to draw out so as to lessen the
thickness.
His body behind the head becomes broad, from whence
it is again extenuated all the way to the tail.
--Grew.
2. To lessen; to palliate; to lessen or weaken the force of;
to diminish the conception of, as crime, guilt, faults,
ills, accusations, etc.; -- opposed to aggravate.
But fortune there extenuates the crime. --Dryden.
Let us extenuate, conceal, adorn the unpleasing
reality. --I. Taylor.
3. To lower or degrade; to detract from. [Obs.]
Who can extenuate thee? --Milton.
Syn: To palliate; to mitigate. See {Palliate}.
Extenuate \Ex*ten"u*ate\, v. i.
To become thinner; to make excuses; to advance palliating
considerations. --Burke.
Extenuate \Ex*ten"u*ate\, a. [L. extenuatus, p. p.]
Thin; slender. [Obs.] --Huloet.
Extenuation \Ex*ten`u*a"tion\, n. [L. extenuatio: cf. F.
ext['e]nuation.]
The act of axtenuating or the state of being extenuated; the
act of making thin, slender, or lean, or of palliating;
diminishing, or lessening; palliation, as of a crime;
mitigation, as of punishment.
To listen . . . to every extenuation of what is evil.
--I. Taylor.
Extenuator \Ex*ten"u*a`tor\, n.
One who extenuates.
Extenuatory \Ex*ten"u*a*to*ry\, a. [Cf. L. extenuatorius
attenuating.]
Tending to extenuate or palliate. --Croker.
Exterior \Ex*te"ri*or\, a. [L. exterior, compar. of exter or
exterus on the outside, outward, foreign, strange, a compar.
fr. ex: cf. F. ext['e]rieur. See {Ex?}, and cf. {Extreme},
{Interior}.]
1. External; outward; pertaining to that which is external;
-- opposed to interior; as, the exterior part of a sphere.
Sith nor the exterior nor the inward man Resemble
that it was. --Shak.
2. External; on the outside; without the limits of;
extrinsic; as, an object exterior to a man, opposed to
what is within, or in his mind.
Without exterior help sustained. --Milton.
3. Relating to foreign nations; foreign; as, the exterior
relations of a state or kingdom.
{Exterior angle} (Geom.), the angle included between any side
of a triangle or polygon and the prolongation of the
adjacent side; also, an angle included between a line
crossing two parallel lines and either of the latter on
the outside.
{Exterior side} (Fort.), the side of the polygon upon which a
front of fortification is formed. --Wilhelm.
Note: See Illust. of {Ravelin}.
Exterior \Ex*te"ri*or\, n.
1. The outward surface or part of a thing; that which is
external; outside.
2. Outward or external deportment, form, or ceremony; visible
act; as, the exteriors of religion.
Exteriority \Ex*te`ri*or"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. ext['e]riorit['e].]
Surface; superficies; externality.
Exteriorly \Ex*te"ri*or*ly\, adv.
Outwardly; externally; on the exterior. --Shak.
They are exteriorly lifelike. --J. H. Morse.
Exterminate \Ex*ter"mi*nate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Exterminated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Exterminating}.] [L.
exterminatus, p. p. of exterminare to abolish, destroy, drive
out or away; ex out + terminus boundary, limit. See {Term}.]
1. To drive out or away; to expel.
They deposed, exterminated, and deprived him of
communion. --Barrow.
2. To destroy utterly; to cut off; to extirpate; to
annihilate; to root out; as, to exterminate a colony, a
tribe, or a nation; to exterminate error or vice.
To explode and exterminate rank atheism. --Bentley.
3. (Math.) To eliminate, as unknown quantities. [R.]
Extermination \Ex*ter`mi*na"tion\, n. [Cf. F. extermination.]
1. The act of exterminating; total destruction; eradication;
excision; as, the extermination of inhabitants or tribes,
of error or vice, or of weeds from a field.
2. (Math.) Elimination. [R.]
Exterminator \Ex*ter"mi*na`tor\, n. [L.]
One who, or that which, exterminates. --Buckle.
Exterminatory \Ex*ter"mi*na*to*ry\, a.
Of or pertaining to extermination; tending to exterminate.
``Exterminatory war.'' --Burke.
Extermine \Ex*ter"mine\, v. t. [F. exterminer.]
To exterminate; to destroy. [Obs.] --Shak.
Extern \Ex*tern"\, a. [Cf. F. externe. See {External}.]
External; outward; not inherent. [Obs.] --Shak.
Extern \Ex*tern"\, n. [Cf. F. externe.]
1. A pupil in a seminary who lives without its walls; a day
scholar.
2. Outward form or part; exterior. [R.]
External \Ex*ter"nal\, a. [L. externus, fr. exter, exterus, on
the outside, outward. See {Exterior}.]
1. Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body;
being without; acting from without; -- opposed to
internal; as, the external form or surface of a body.
Of all external things, . . . She [Fancy] forms
imaginations, aery shapes. --Milton.
2. Outside of or separate from ourselves; (Metaph.) separate
from the perceiving mind.
3. Outwardly perceptible; visible; physical or corporeal, as
distinguished from mental or moral.
Her virtues graced with external gifts. --Shak.
4. Not intrinsic nor essential; accidental; accompanying;
superficial.
The external circumstances are greatly different.
--Trench.
5. Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations;
as, external trade or commerce; the external relations of
a state or kingdom.
6. (Anat.) Away from the mesial plane of the body; lateral.
{External angles}. (Geom.) See under {Angle}.
External \Ex*ter"nal\, n.
Something external or without; outward part; that which makes
a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; --
usually in the plural.
Adam was then no less glorious in his externals
--South.
God in externals could not place content. --Pope.
Externalism \Ex*ter"nal*ism\n.
1. The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts
or appearances; regard for externals.
This externalism gave Catholicism a great advantage
on all sides. --E.
Eggleston.
2. (Metaph.) That philosophy or doctrine which recognizes or
deals only with externals, or objects of sense perception;
positivism; phenomenalism.
Externalistic \Ex*ter`nal*is"tic\, a.
Pertaining to externalism --North Am. Rev.
Externality \Ex`ter*nal"i*ty\, n.
State of being external; exteriority; (Metaph.) separation
from the perceiving mind.
Pressure or resistance necessarily supposes externality
in the thing which presses or resists. --A. Smith.
Externalize \Ex*ter"nal*ize\, v. t.
To make external; to manifest by outward form.
Thought externalizes itself in language. --Soyce.
Externally \Ex*ter"nal*ly\, adv.
In an external manner; outwardly; on the outside; in
appearance; visibly.
Externe \Ex`terne"\, n. [F. Cf. {Extern}.] (med.)
An officer in attendance upon a hospital, but not residing in
it; esp., one who cares for the out-patients.
Exterraneous \Ex`ter*ra"ne*ous\, a. [L. exterraneus; es out +
terra land.]
Foreign; belonging to, or coming from, abroad.
Exterritorial \Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al\, a. [Pref. ex? +
territorial.]
Beyond the territorial limits; foreign to, or exempt from,
the territorial jurisdiction. -- {Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly},adv.
Exterritoriality \Ex*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty\, n.
1. The state of being beyond the limits of a country.
2. The state of being free from the jurisdiction of a country
when within its territorial limits.
Extersion \Ex*ter"sion\, n. [L. extergere, extersum, to wipe
out; ex out + tergere to wipe or rub off.]
The act of wiping or rubbing out. [Obs.]
Extill \Ex*till"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Extilled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Extilling}.] [L. extillare, exstillare; ex out + stillare
to drop, stilla drop.]
To drop or distill. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Extillation \Ex`til*la"tion\, n.
Distillation. [Obs.]
An exudation or extillation of petrifying juices.
--Derham.
Extimulate \Ex*tim"u*late\, v. t. [L. extimulatus, exstimulatus,
p. p. of extimulare, exstimulare, to goad. See {Stimulate}.]
To stimulate. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Extimulation \Ex*tim`u*la"tion\, n.
Stimulation. [Obs.]
Things insipid, and without any extimulation. --Bacon.
Extinct \Ex*tinct"\, a. [L. extinctus, exstinctus, p. p. of
extinguere, exstinguere. See {Extinguish}.]
1. Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, a fire, a light, or a
lamp, is extinct; an extinct volcano.
Light, the prime work of God, to me is extinct.
--Milton.
2. Without a survivor; without force; dead; as, a family
becomes extinct; an extinct feud or law.
Extinct \Ex*tinct"\, v. t.
To cause to be extinct. [Obs.] --Shak.
Extinction \Ex*tinc"tion\, n. [L. extinctio, exstinction: cf. F.
extinction.]
1. The act of extinguishing or making extinct; a putting an
end to; the act of putting out or destroying light, fire,
life, activity, influence, etc.
2. State of being extinguished or of ceasing to be;
destruction; suppression; as, the extinction of life, of a
family, of a quarrel, of claim.
Extine \Ex"tine\ (?; 104), n. [L. exter on the outside. Cf.
{Intine}.] (bot.)
The outer membrane of the grains of pollen of flowering
plants.
Extinguish \Ex*tin"guish\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Extinguished}; p
pr. & vb. n. {Extinguishing}.] [L. extinguere, exstinguere;
ex out + stinguere to quench. See {Distinguish}, {Finish}.]
1. To quench; to put out, as a light or fire; to stifle; to
cause to die out; to put an end to; to destroy; as, to
extinguish a flame, or life, or love, or hope, a pretense
or a right.
A light which the fierce winds have no power to
extinguish. --Prescott.
This extinguishes my right to the reversion.
--Blackstone.
2. To obscure; to eclipse, as by superior splendor.
Natural graces that extinguish art. --Shak
.
Extinguishable \Ex*tin"guish*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being quenched, destroyed, or suppressed.
Extinguisher \Ex*tin"guish*er\, n.
One who, or that which, extinguishes; esp., a hollow cone or
other device for extinguishing a flame, as of a torch or
candle.
Extinguishment \Ex*tin"guish*ment\, n.
1. The act of extinguishing, putting out, or quenching, or
the state of being extinguished; extinction; suppression;
destruction; nullification; as, the extinguishment of fire
or flame, of discord, enmity, or jealousy, or of love or
affection.
2. (Law) The annihilation or extinction of a right or
obligation. --Abbott.
Extirp \Ex*tirp"\, v. t. [Cf. F. extirper.]
To extirpate. [Obs.]
It is impossible to extirp it quite, friar. --Shak
.
Extirpable \Ex*tir"pa*ble\, a.
Capable of being extirpated or eradicated; as, an extirpable
plant. --Evelyn.
Extirpate \Ex"tir*pate\ (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Extirpated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Extirpating}.] [L. extirpatus,
exstirpatus, p. p. of extirpare, exstirpare; ex out + strips
stock, stem, root.]
To pluck up by the stem or root; to root out; to eradicate,
literally or figuratively; to destroy wholly; as, to
extirpate weeds; to extirpate a tumor; to extirpate a sect;
to extirpate error or heresy.
Syn: To eradicate; root out; destroy; exterminate;
annihilate; extinguish.
Extirpation \Ex`tir*pa"tion\, n. [L. extirpatio, exstirpatio:
cf. F. extirpation.]
The act of extirpating or rooting out, or the state of being
extirpated; eradication; excision; total destruction; as, the
extirpation of weeds from land, of evil from the heart, of a
race of men, of heresy.
Extirpative \Ex"tir*pa*tive\, a.
Capable of rooting out, or tending to root out. --Cheyne.
Extirpator \Ex"tir*pa`tor\ (?; 277), n. [L. extirpator,
exstirpator: cf. F. extirpateur.]
One who extirpates or roots out; a destroyer.
Extirpatory \Ex*tir"pa*to*ry\, a.
Extirpative.
Extirper \Ex*tirp"er\, n.
Extirpator. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Extispicious \Ex`ti*spi"cious\, a. [L. extispicium an inspection
of the inwards for divination; extra the entrails + specer to
look at.]
Relating to the inspection of entrails for prognostication.
[Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Extogenous \Ex*tog"e*nous\, a. [L. exter outward + ?genous.]
(Biol.)
Exogenous.
Extol \Ex*tol"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Extolled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Extolling}.] [L. extollere; ex out + tollere to lift, take
up, or raise: cf. OF. extoller. See {Tollerate}, and cf.
{Flate}.]
1. To place on high; to lift up; to elevate. [Obs.]
Who extolled you in the half-crown boxes, Where you
might sit and muster all the beauties. --Beau.? Fl.
2. To elevate by praise; to eulogize; to praise; to magnify;
as, to extol virtue; to extol an act or a person.
Wherein have I so deserved of you, That you extol me
thus? --Shak.
Syn: To praise; applaud; commend; magnify; celebrate; laud;
glorify. See {Praise}.
Extoller \Ex*tol"ler\, n.
One who extols; one who praises.
Extolment \Ex*tol"ment\, n.
Praise. [Obs.] --Shak.
Extorsive \Ex*tor"sive\, a. [See {Extort}.]
Serving or tending to extort. [R.] --Johnson. --
{Ex*tor"sive*ly}, adv. [R.]
Extort \Ex*tort"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Extorted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Extorting}.] [L. extortus, p. p. of extorquere to twist
or wrench out, to extort; ex out + torquere to turn about,
twist. See {Torsion}.]
1. To wrest from an unwilling person by physical force,
menace, duress, torture, or any undue or illegal exercise
of power or ingenuity; to wrench away (from); to tear
away; to wring (from); to exact; as, to extort
contributions from the vanquished; to extort confessions
of guilt; to extort a promise; to extort payment of a
debt.
2. (Law) To get by the offense of extortion. See {Extortion},
2.
Extort \Ex*tort"\, v. i.
To practice extortion. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Extort \Ex*tort"\, p. p. & a. [L. extortus. p. p.]
Extorted. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Extorter \Ex*tort"er\, n.
One who practices extortion.
Extortion \Ex*tor"tion\, n. [F. extorsion.]
1. The act of extorting; the act or practice of wresting
anything from a person by force, by threats, or by any
undue exercise of power; undue exaction; overcharge.
2. (Law) The offense committed by an officer who corruptly
claims and takes, as his fee, money, or other thing of
value, that is not due, or more than is due, or before it
is due. --Abbott.
3. That which is extorted or exacted by force.
Syn: Oppression; rapacity; exaction; overcharge.
Extortionary \Ex*tor"tion*a*ry\, a.
Extortionate.
Extortionate \Ex*tor"tion*ate\, a.
Characterized by extortion; oppressive; hard.
Extortioner \Ex*tor"tion*er\, n.
One who practices extortion.
Extortious \Ex*tor"tious\, a.
Extortionate. [Obs.] ``Extortious cruelties.'' --Bp. Hall --
{Ex*tor"tious*ly}, adv. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Extra- \Ex"tra-\ [L., fr. exter. See {Exterior}.]
A Latin preposition, denoting beyond, outside of; -- often
used in composition as a prefix signifying outside of,
beyond, besides, or in addition to what is denoted by the
word to which it is prefixed.
Extra \Ex"tra\, a.
Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary;
additional; supernumerary; also, extraordinarily good;
superior; as, extra work; extra pay. ``By working extra
hours.'' --H. Spencer.
Extra \Ex"tra\, n.; pl. {Extras}.
Something in addition to what is due, expected, or customary;
something in addition to the regular charge or compensation,
or for which an additional charge is made; as, at European
hotels lights are extras. [Colloq.]
Extraarticular \Ex`tra*ar*tic"u*lar\, a. (Anat.)
Situated outside of a joint.
Extraaxillar \Ex`tra*ax"il*lar\, Extraaxillary
\Ex`tra*ax"il*la*ry\a. (Bot.)
Growing outside of the axils; as, an extra-axillary bud.
Extrabranchial \Ex`tra*bran"chi*al\, a. (Anat.)
Outside of the branchial arches; -- said of the cartilages
thus placed in some fishes.
Extracapsular \Ex`tra*cap"su*lar\, a. (Anat.)
Situated outside of a capsule, esp. outside the capsular
ligament of a joint.
Extract \Ex*tract"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Extracted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Extracting}.] [L. extractus, p. p. of extrahere to
extract; ex out + trahere to draw. See {Trace}, and cf.
{Estreat}.]
1. To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from
a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.; as, to
extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, a
splinter from the finger.
The bee Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet.
--Milton.
2. To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other
mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence.
Cf. {Abstract}, v. t., 6.
Sunbeams may be extracted from cucumbers, but the
process is tedious.
3. To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as
a passage from a book.
I have extracted out of that pamphlet a few
notorious falsehoods. --Swift.
{To extract the root} (Math.), to ascertain the root of a
number or quantity.
Extract \Ex"tract`\, n.
1. That which is extracted or drawn out.
2. A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a
citation; a quotation.
3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out
from any substance that which gives it its essential and
characteristic virtue; essence; as, extract of beef;
extract of dandelion; also, any substance so extracted,
and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; as,
quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.
4. (Med.) A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a
solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant;
-- distinguished from an abstract. See {Abstract}, n., 4.
5. (Old Chem.) A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed
to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called
also the {extractive principle}. [Obs.]
6. Extraction; descent. [Obs.] --South.
7. (Scots Law) A draught or copy of writing; certified copy
of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein,
with an order for execution. --Tomlins.
{Fluid extract} (Med.), a concentrated liquid preparation,
containing a definite proportion of the active principles
of a medicinal substance. At present a fluid gram of
extract should represent a gram of the crude drug.
Extractable \Ex*tract"a*ble\, Extractible \Ex*tract"i*ble\, a.
Capable of being extracted.
Extractiform \Ex*tract"i*form\, a. (Chem.)
Having the form, appearance, or nature, of an extract.
Extraction \Ex*trac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. extraction.]
1. The act of extracting, or drawing out; as, the extraction
of a tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a
stump from earth, of a passage from a book, of an essence
or tincture.
2. Derivation from a stock or family; lineage; descent;
birth; the stock from which one has descended. ``A family
of ancient extraction.'' --Clarendon.
3. That which is extracted; extract; essence.
They [books] do preserve as in a vial the purest
efficacy and extraction of that living intellect
that bred them. --Milton.
{The extraction of roots}. (Math.)
(a) The operation of finding the root of a given number or
quantity.
(b) The method or rule by which the operation is
performed; evolution.
Extractive \Ex*tract"ive\, a. [Cf. F. extractif.]
1. Capable of being extracted. ``Thirty grains of extractive
matter.'' --Kirwan.
2. Tending or serving to extract or draw out.
Certain branches of industry are conveniently
designated extractive: e.g., agriculture, pastoral
and mining pursuits, cutting of lumber, etc.
--Cairnes.
Extractive \Ex*tract"ive\, n.
1. Anything extracted; an extract.
Extractives, of which the most constant are urea,
kreatin, and grape sugar. --H. N.
Martin.
2. (Chem.)
(a) A chemical principle once supposed to exist in all
extracts. [Obs.]
(b) Any one of a large class of substances obtained by
extraction, and consisting largely of nitrogenous
hydrocarbons, such as xanthin, hypoxanthin, and
creatin extractives from muscle tissue.
Extractor \Ex*tract"or\, n.
One who, or that which, extracts; as:
(a) (Surg.) A forceps or instrument for extracting
substances.
(b) (Breech-loading Firearms) A device for withdrawing a
cartridge or spent cartridge shell from the chamber of
the barrel.
Extradictionary \Ex`tra*dic"tion*a*ry\, a. [Pref. extra- + L.
dictio a saying. See {Diction}.]
Consisting not in words, but in realities. [Obs.]
Of these extradictionary and real fallacies, Aristotle
and logicians make in number six. --Sir T.
Browne.
Extraditable \Ex"tra*di`ta*ble\, a.
1. Subject, or liable, to extradition, as a fugitive from
justice.
2. Making liable to extradition; as, extraditable offenses.
Extradite \Ex"tra*dite\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Extradited}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Extraditing}.]
To deliver up by one government to another, as a fugitive
from justice. See {Extradition}.
Extradition \Ex`tra*di"tion\, n. [L. ex out + traditio a
delivering up: cf. F. extradition. See {Tradition}.]
The surrender or delivery of an alleged criminal by one State
or sovereignty to another having jurisdiction to try charge.
Extrados \Ex*tra"dos\, n. [F.; pref. extra- outside + dos (L.
dorsum) the back.] (Arch.)
The exterior curve of an arch; esp., the upper curved face of
the whole body of voussoirs. See {Intrados}.
Extradotal \Ex`tra*do"tal\, a. [Pref. extra- + dotal.]
Forming no part of the dowry; as, extradotal property.
Extrafoliaceous \Ex`tra*fo`li*a"ceous\, a. [Pref. extra +
foliaceous.] (Bot.)
Away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place from
them; as, extrafoliaceous prickles. --Loudon.
Extraforaneous \Ex`tra*fo*ra"ne*ous\, a. [Pref. extra- + L.
foras out of doors.]
Pertaining to that which is out of doors. ``Extraforaneous
occupations.'' --Cowper.
Extrageneous \Ex`tra*ge"ne*ous\, a. [Pref. extra- + L. genus
race.]
Belonging to another race or kind.
Extrajudicial \Ex`tra*ju*di"cial\, a.
Out of or beyond the proper authority of a court or judge;
beyond jurisdiction; not legally required. ``An extrajudicial
opinion.'' --Hallam. -- {Ex`tra*ju*di"cial*ly}, adv.
Extralimitary \Ex`tra*lim"it*a*ry\, a.
Being beyond the limit or bounds; as, extraliminary land.
--Mitford.
Extralogical \Ex`tra*log"ic*al\, a.
Lying outside of the domain of logic. --
{Ex`tra*log"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Extramission \Ex`tra*mis"sion\, n.
A sending out; emission. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Extramundane \Ex`tra*mun"dane\, a. [L. extramundanus; extra +
mundus world.]
Beyond the material world. ``An extramundane being.'' --Bp.
Warburton.
Extramural \Ex`tra*mu"ral\, a.
Outside of the walls, as of a fortified or walled city.
Extraneity \Ex`tra*ne"i*ty\, n.
State of being without or beyond a thing; foreignness. [Obs.]
Extraneous \Ex*tra"ne*ous\, a. [L. extraneus, from extra. See
{Extra-}, {Strange}.]
Not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing; without or
beyond a thing; not essential or intrinsic; foreign; as, to
separate gold from extraneous matter.
Nothing is admitted extraneous from the indictment.
--Landor.
-- {Ex*tra"ne*ous*ly}, adv.
Extra-ocular \Ex`tra-oc"u*lar\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Inserted exterior to the eyes; -- said of the antenn[ae] of
certain insects.
Extra-official \Ex`tra-of*fi"cial\, a.
Not prescribed by official duty.
Extraordinarily \Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ly\, adv.
In an extraordinary manner or degree.
Extraordinariness \Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ness\, n.
The quality of being extraordinary. [R.] --Gov. of the
Tongue.
Extraordinary \Ex*traor"di*na*ry\, a. [L. extraordinarius; extra
on the outside + ordinarius: cf. F. extraordinaire. See
{Ordinary}.]
1. Beyond or out of the common order or method; not usual,
customary, regular, or ordinary; as, extraordinary evils;
extraordinary remedies.
Which dispose To something extraordinary my
thoughts. --Milton.
2. Exceeding the common degree, measure. or condition; hence,
remarkable; uncommon; rare; wonderful; as, extraordinary
talents or grandeur.
3. Employed or sent upon an unusual or special service; as,
an ambassador extraordinary.
Extraordinary \Ex*traor"di*na*ry\, n.; pl. {Extraordinaries}.
That which is extraordinary; -- used especially in the
plural; as, extraordinaries excepted, there is nothing to
prevent success.
Their extraordinary did consist especially in the
matter of prayers and devotions. --Jer. Taylor.
Extraparochial \Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al\, a.
Beyond the limits of a parish. -- {Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al*ly},
adv.
Extraphysical \Ex`tra*phys"i*cal\, a.
Not subject to physical laws or methods.
Extraprofessional \Ex`tra*pro*fes"sion*al\, a.
Foreign to a profession; not within the ordinary limits of
professional duty or business.
Extraprovincial \Ex`tra*pro*vin"cial\, a.
Not within of pertaining to the same province or
jurisdiction. --Ayliffe.
Extraregular \Ex`tra*reg"u*lar\, a.
Not comprehended within a rule or rules. --Jer. Taylor.
Extrastapedial \Ex`tra*sta*pe"di*al\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which, in
many animals, projects beyond the connection with the stapes.
-- n. The extrastapedial part of columella.
Extraterritorial \Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al\, a.
Beyond the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction;
exterritorial. -- {Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly}, adv.
Extraterritoriality \Ex`tra*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty\, n.
The state of being beyond the limits of a particular
territory; esp. (Internat. Law), A fiction by which a public
minister, though actually in a foreign country, is supposed
still to remain within the territory of his own sovereign or
nation. --Wheaton.
Extratropical \Ex`tra*trop"ic*al\, a.
Beyond or outside of the tropics. --Whewell.
Extraught \Ex`traught"\, p. p. of {Extract}. [Cf. {Distraught}.]
Extracted; descended. [Obs.]
Knowing whence thou art extraught --Shak.
Extra-uterine \Ex`tra-u"ter*ine\, a. (Anat. & Med.)
Outside of the uterus, or womb.
{Extra-uterine pregnancy} (Med.), a condition of pregnancy in
which the fetus is not in the uterus, but in the Fallopian
tube or in the abdominal cavity.
Extravagance \Ex*trav"a*gance\, n. [Cf. F. extravagance. See
{Extravagant}, and cf. {Extravaganza}.]
1. A wandering beyond proper limits; an excursion or sally
from the usual way, course, or limit.
2. The state of being extravagant, wild, or prodigal beyond
bounds of propriety or duty; want of moderation; excess;
especially, undue expenditure of money; vaid and
superfluous expense; prodigality; as, extravagance of
anger, love, expression, imagination, demands.
Some verses of my own, Maximin and Almanzor, cry
vengeance on me for their extravagance. --Dryden.
The income of three dukes was enough to supply her
extravagance. --Arbuthnot.
Syn: Wildness; irregularity; excess; prodigality; profusion;
waste; lavishness; unreasonableness; recklessness.
Extravagancy \Ex*trav"a*gan*cy\, n.; pl. {Extravagancies}.
Extravagance.
Extravagant \Ex*trav"a*gant\, a. [F. extravagant, fr. L. extra
on the outside + vagans, -antis, p. pr. of vagari to wander,
from vagus wandering, vague. See {Vague}.]
1. Wandering beyond one's bounds; roving; hence, foreign.
[Obs.]
The extravagant and erring spirit hies To his
confine. --Shak.
2. Exceeding due bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained; as,
extravagant acts, wishes, praise, abuse.
There appears something nobly wild and extravagant
in great natural geniuses. --Addison.
3. Profuse in expenditure; prodigal; wasteful; as, an
extravagant man. ``Extravagant expense.'' --Bancroft.
Extravagant \Ex*trav"a*gant\, n.
1. One who is confined to no general rule. --L'Estrange.
2. pl. (Eccl. Hist.) Certain constitutions or decretal
epistles, not at first included with others, but
subsequently made a part of the canon law.
Extravagantly \Ex*trav"a*gant*ly\, adv.
In an extravagant manner; wildly; excessively; profusely.
Extravagantness \Ex*trav"a*gant*ness\, n.
The state of being extravagant or in excess; excess;
extravagance.
Extravaganza \Ex*trav`a*gan"za\, n. [Extravagance with an
Italian ending: cf. It. stravaganza.]
1. A composition, as in music, or in the drama, designed to
produce effect by its wild irregularity; esp., a musical
caricature.
2. An extravagant flight of sentiment or language.
Extravagate \Ex*trav"a*gate\, v. i. [Pref. extra- + L. vagatus,
p. p. of vagari to rove. See {Extravagant}.]
To rove. --Bp. Warburton.
Extravagation \Ex*trav`a*ga"tion\, n.
A wandering beyond limits; excess. [Obs.] --Smollett.
Extravasate \Ex*trav"a*sate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Extravasated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Extravasating}.] [Pref.
extra- + L. vas vessel: cf. F. extravaser. See {Vase}.]
To force or let out of the proper vessels or arteries, as
blood.
Extravasation \Ex*trav`a*sa"tion\, n. [Cf. F. extravasation.]
The act of forcing or letting out of its proper vessels or
ducts, as a fluid; effusion; as, an extravasation of blood
after a rupture of the vessels.
Extravascular \Ex`tra*vas"cu*lar\, a. (Anat.)
(a) Outside the vessels; -- said of the substance of all the
tissues.
(b) Destitute of vessels; non-vascular.
Extravenate \Ex*trav"e*nate\, a. [Pref. extra- + L. vena vein.]
Let out of the veins. [Obs.] ``Extravenate blood.''
--Glanvill.
Extraversion \Ex`tra*ver"sion\, n. [Pref. extra- + L. vertere,
versum, to turn: cf. F. extraversion.]
The act of throwing out; the state of being turned or thrown
out. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Extreat \Ex*treat"\, n. [See {Estreat}, {Extract}.]
Extraction. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Extreme \Ex*treme"\, a. [L. extremus, superl. of exter, extrus,
on the outside, outward: cf. F. extr[^e]me. See {Exterior}.]
1. At the utmost point, edge, or border; outermost; utmost;
farthest; most remote; at the widest limit.
2. Last; final; conclusive; -- said of time; as, the extreme
hour of life.
3. The best of worst; most urgent; greatest; highest;
immoderate; excessive; most violent; as, an extreme case;
extreme folly. ``The extremest remedy.'' --Dryden.
``Extreme rapidity.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Yet extreme gusts will blow out fire. --Shak.
4. Radical; ultra; as, extreme opinions.
The Puritans or extreme Protestants. --Gladstone.
5. (Mus.) Extended or contracted as much as possible; -- said
of intervals; as, an extreme sharp second; an extreme flat
forth.
{Extreme and mean ratio} (Geom.), the relation of a line and
its segments when the line is so divided that the whole is
to the greater segment is to the less.
{Extreme distance}. (Paint.) See {Distance}., n., 6.
{Extreme unction}. See under {Unction}.
Note: Although this adjective, being superlative in
signification, is not properly subject to comparison,
the superlative form not unfrequently occurs,
especially in the older writers. ``Tried in his
extremest state.'' --Spenser. ``Extremest hardships.''
--Sharp. ``Extremest of evils.'' --Bacon. ``Extremest
verge of the swift brook.'' --Shak. ``The sea's
extremest borders.'' --Addison.
Extreme \Ex*treme"\, n.
1. The utmost point or verge; that part which terminates a
body; extremity.
2. Utmost limit or degree that is supposable or tolerable;
hence, furthest degree; any undue departure from the mean;
-- often in the plural: things at an extreme distance from
each other, the most widely different states, etc.; as,
extremes of heat and cold, of virtue and vice; extremes
meet.
His parsimony went to the extreme of meanness.
--Bancroft.
3. An extreme state or condition; hence, calamity, danger,
distress, etc. ``Resolute in most extremes.'' --Shak.
4. (Logic) Either of the extreme terms of a syllogism, the
middle term being interposed between them.
5. (Math.) The first or the last term of a proportion or
series.
{In the extreme} as much as possible. ``The position of the
Port was difficult in the extreme.'' --J. P. Peters.
Extremeless \Ex*treme"less\, a.
Having no extremes; infinite.
Extremely \Ex*treme"ly\, adv.
In an extreme manner or state; in the utmost degree; to the
utmost point; exceedingly; as, extremely hot or cold.
Extremist \Ex*trem"ist\, n.
A supporter of extreme doctrines or practice; one who holds
extreme opinions.
Extremity \Ex*trem"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Extremities}(?). [L.
extremitas: cf. F. extr['e]mit['e].]
1. The extreme part; the utmost limit; the farthest or
remotest point or part; as, the extremities of a country.
They sent fleets . . . to the extremities of
Ethiopia. --Arbuthnot.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of locomotive appendages of an animal; a
limb; a leg or an arm of man.
3. The utmost point; highest degree; most aggravated or
intense form. ``The extremity of bodily pain.'' --Ray.
4. The highest degree of inconvenience, pain, or suffering;
greatest need or peril; extreme need; necessity.
Divers evils and extremities that follow upon such a
compulsion shall here be set in view. --Milton.
Upon mere extremity he summoned this last
Parliament. --Milton.
Syn: Verge; border; extreme; end; termination.
Extricable \Ex"tri*ca*ble\, a.
Capable of being extricated. --Sir W. Jones.
Extricate \Ex"tri*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Extricated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Extricating}.] [L. extricatus, p. p. of
extricare to extricate; ex out + tricae trifles, impediments,
perplexities. Cf. {Intricate}.]
1. To free, as from difficulties or perplexities; to
disentangle; to disembarrass; as, to extricate a person
from debt, peril, etc.
We had now extricated ourselves from the various
labyrinths and defiles. --Eustance.
2. To cause to be emitted or evolved; as, to extricate heat
or moisture.
Syn: To disentangle; disembarrass; disengage; relieve;
evolve; set free; liberate.
Extrication \Ex`tri*ca"tion\, n.
1. The act or process of extricating or disentangling; a
freeing from perplexities; disentanglement.
2. The act of sending out or evolving.
Extrinsic \Ex*trin"sic\, a. [L. extrinsecus; exter on the
outside + secus otherwise, beside; akin to E. second: cf. F.
extrins[`e]que. See {Exterior}, {Second}.]
1. Not contained in or belonging to a body; external;
outward; unessential; -- opposed to intrinsic.
The extrinsic aids of education and of artificial
culture. --I. Taylor.
2. (Anat.) Attached partly to an organ or limb and partly to
some other part? -- said of certain groups of muscles.
Opposed to intrinsic.
Extrinsical \Ex*trin"sic*al\, a.
Extrinsic. -- {Ex*trin"sic*al*ly}, adv.
Extrinsicality \Ex*trin`si*cal"i*ty\, Extrinsicalness
\Ex*trin"sic*al*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being extrinsic.
Extroitive \Ex*tro"i*tive\, a. [L. extra on the outside + ire,
itum, to go.]
Seeking or going out after external objects. [R.]
Their natures being almost wholly extroitive. --Coleridge.
Extrorsal \Ex*tror"sal\, a. (Bot.)
Extrorse.
Extrorse \Ex*trorse"\, a. [As if from an assumed L. extrorsus,
for extroversus; extra on the outside + vertere, versum, to
turn: cf. F. extrorse.] (Bot.)
Facing outwards, or away from the axis of growth; -- said
esp. of anthers occupying the outer side of the filament.
Extroversion \Ex`tro*ver"sion\, n. [See {Extrorse}.]
The condition of being turned wrong side out; as,
extroversion of the bladder. --Dunglison.
Extruct \Ex*truct"\, v. t. [L. extructus, exstructus, p. p. of
extruere, exstruere, to build up; ex out + struere to build.]
To construct. [Obs.] --Byrom.
Extruction \Ex*truc"tion\, n. [L. exstructio.]
A building up; construction. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Extructive \Ex*truct"ive\, a.
Constructive. [Obs.] --Fulke.
Extructor \Ex*truct"or\, n. [L.]
A builder. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Extrude \Ex*trude"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Extruded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Extruding}.] [L. extrudere, extrusum; ex out +
trudere to thrust, akin to E. threat. See {Threat}.]
To thrust out; to force, press, or push out; to expel; to
drive off or away. ``Parentheses thrown into notes or
extruded to the margin.'' --Coleridge.
Extrusion \Ex*tru"sion\, n.
The act of thrusting or pushing out; a driving out;
expulsion.
Extuberance \Ex*tu"ber*ance\, n.
A swelling or rising; protuberance. [R.] --Moxon.
Extuberancy \Ex*tu"ber*an*cy\, n.
Extuberance. [R.]
Extuberant \Ex*tu"ber*ant\, a. [L. extuberare.]
Swollen out; protuberant. [R.] ``Extuberant lips.'' --Gayton.
Extuberate \Ex*tu"ber*ate\, v. i. [L. extuberatus, p. pr. of
extuberare to swell; ex out + tuber a swelling.]
To swell out. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Extuberation \Ex*tu`ber*a"tion\, n. [L. extuberatio.]
Protuberance. [Obs.] --Farindon.
Extumescence \Ex`tu*mes"cence\, n. [L. ex. + tumescens, p. pr.
of tumescere, incho. fr. tumere to swell: cf. F.
extumescence.]
A swelling or rising. [R.] --Cotgrave.
Exuberance \Ex*u"ber*ance\, n. [L. exuberantia: cf. F.
exub['e]rance.]
The state of being exuberant; an overflowing quantity; a
copious or excessive production or supply; superabundance;
richness; as, an exuberance of joy, of fancy, or of foliage.
Syn: Abundance; superabundance; excess; plenty; copiousness;
profusion; richness; overflow; overgrowth; rankness;
wantonness. See {Abundance}.
Exuberancy \Ex*u"ber*an*cy\, n.
Exuberance.
Exuberant \Ex*u"ber*ant\, a. [L. exuberans, exuberantis, p. pr.
of exuberare to be abundant; ex + uberare to be fruitful, fr.
uber fruitful, fertile, uber udder: cf. F. exub['e]rant. See
{Udder}.]
Characterized by abundance or superabundance; plenteous;
rich; overflowing; copious or excessive in production; as,
exuberant goodness; an exuberant intellect; exuberant
foliage. ``Exuberant spring.'' --Thomson. --
{Ex*u"ber*ant*ly}, adv.
Exuberate \Ex*u"ber*ate\, v. i. [L. exuberatus, p. p. of
exuberare. See {Exuberant}, n.]
To abound; to be in great abundance. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Exuccous \Ex*uc"cous\, a.
See {Exsuccous}. [Obs.]
Exudate \Ex*u"date\, v. t. & i. [See {Exude}.]
To exude. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Exudation \Ex`u*da"tion\, n.
The act of exuding; sweating; a discharge of humors,
moisture, juice, or gum, as through pores or incisions; also,
the substance exuded.
Resins, a class of proximate principles, existing in
almost all plants and appearing on the external surface
of many of them in the form of exudations. --Am. Cyc.
Exude \Ex*ude"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exuded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{exuding}.] [L. exudare, exsudare, exudatum, exsudatum, to
sweat out; ex out + sudare to sweat: cf. F. exuder, exsuder.
See {Sweat}.]
To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture or other
liquid matter; to give out.
Our forests exude turpentine in . . . abundance. --Dr.
T. Dwight.
Exude \Ex*ude"\, v. i.
To flow from a body through the pores, or by a natural
discharge, as juice.
Exulcerate \Ex*ul"cer*ate\, v. t. & i. [L. exulceratus, p. p. of
exulcerare to make sore; ex out + ulcerare. See {Ulcerate}.]
1. To ulcerate. [Obs.] ``To exulcerate the lungs.'' --Evelyn.
2. To corrode; to fret; to chafe; to inflame. [Obs.]
Minds exulcerated in themselves. --Hooker.
Exulcerate \Ex*ul"cer*ate\, a. [L. exulceratus, p. p.]
Very sore; ulcerated. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Exulceration \Ex*ul`cer*a"tion\, n. [L. exulceratio: cf. F.
exulc['e]ration.] [Obs. or R.]
1. Ulceration. --Quincy.
2. A fretting; a festering; soreness. --Hooker.
Exulcerative \Ex*ul"cer*a*tive\, a.
Tending to cause ulcers; exulceratory. --Holland.
Exulceratory \Ex*ul"cer*a*to*ry\, a. [L. exulceratorius: cf. F.
exulc['e]ratoire.]
Having a tendency to form ulcers; rendering ulcerous.
Exult \Ex*ult"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Exulted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Exulting}.] [L. exultare, exsultare, exultatum, exsultatum,
to leap vigorously, to exult, intens. fr. exsilire to spring
out or up; ex out + salire to spring, leap: cf. F. exulter.
See {Salient}.]
To be in high spirits; figuratively, to leap for joy; to
rejoice in triumph or exceedingly; to triumph; as, an
exulting heart. ``An exulting countenance.'' --Bancroft.
The dumb shall sing, the lame his crutch forego, And
leap exulting like the bounding roe. --Pope.
Exultance \Ex*ult"ance\, Exultancy \Ex*ult"an*cy\, n. [L.
exsultantia.]
Exultation. [Obs.] --Burton. Hammond.
Exultant \Ex*ult"ant\, a. [L. exsultans, exsultantis, p. pr. of
exsultare. See {Exult}.]
Inclined to exult; characterized by, or expressing,
exultation; rejoicing triumphantly.
Break away, exultant, from every defilement. --I.
Tay;or.
Exultation \Ex`ul*ta"tion\ (?; 277), n. [L. exsultatio: cf. F.
exultation.]
The act of exulting; lively joy at success or victory, or at
any advantage gained; rapturous delight; triumph.
His bosom swelled with exultation. --Prescott.
Exulting \Ex*ult"ing\, a.
Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant. --
{Ex*ult"ing*ly}, adv.
Exundate \Ex*un"date\, v. i. [L. exundatus, p. p. of exundare to
overflow; ex out + undare. See {Undated} waved.]
To overflow; to inundate. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Exundation \Ex`un*da"tion\, n. [L. exundatio.]
An overflow, or overflowing abundance. [R.] --Ray.
Exungulate \Ex*un"gu*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exungulated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Exungulating}.] [L. exungulare to lose the
hoof, ex out, from + ungula. See {Ungula}.]
To pare off, as nails, the hoof, etc. [R.]
Exuperable \Ex*u"per*a*ble\, a. [L. exuperabilis, exsuperabilis.
See {Exuperate}.]
Surmountable; superable. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Exuperance \Ex*u"per*ance\, n. [L. exuperantia, exsuperantia.]
Superiority; superfluity. [Obs.] --Sir K. Digby.
Exuperant \Ex*u"per*ant\, a. [L. exuperans, exsuperans, p. pr.]
Surpassing; exceeding; surmounting. [Obs.]
Exuperate \Ex*u"per*ate\, v. t. [L. exuperatus, exsuperatus, p.
p. of exuperare, exsuperare to excel; ex out + superare to go
over, super above, over.]
To excel; to surmount. [Obs.]
Exuperation \Ex*u`per*a"tion\, n. [See {Exurgent}.]
The act of rising or coming into view. [Obs.] --Baxter.
Exurgent \Ex*ur"gent\, a. [L. exurgens, exsurgens, p. pr. of
exurgere, exsurgere, to rise up; ex out + surgere to rise.]
Arising; coming to light. [Obs.]
Exuscitate \Ex*us"ci*tate\, v. t.
See {Exsuscitate} [Obs.] --T. Adams.
Exustion \Ex*us"tion\ (?; 106), n. [L. exustio, fr. exurere,
exustum, to burn up; ex out + urere to burn.]
The act or operation of burning up. --Bailey.
Exutory \Ex*u"to*ry\, n. [Cf. F. exutoire. See {Exuv?e}.] (Med.)
An issue.
Exuvia \Ex*u"vi*a\,
n. sing. of {Exuvi[ae]}.
Exuviability \Ex*u`vi*a*bil"i*ty\, n.
Capability of shedding the skin periodically. --Craig.
Exuviable \Ex*u"vi*a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. exuviable.]
Capable of being cast off in the form of exuvi[ae].
Exuviae \Ex*u"vi*[ae]\, n. pl. [L., fr. exuere to draw out or
off, to pull off.]
1. (Zo["o]l) Cast skins, shells, or coverings of animals; any
parts of animals which are shed or cast off, as the skins
of snakes, the shells of lobsters, etc.
2. (Geol.) The fossil shells and other remains which animals
have left in the strata of the earth.
Exuvial \Ex*u"vi*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to exuvi[ae]. ``Exuvial layers.'' ``Exuvial
deposits.''
Exuviate \Ex*u"vi*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Exuviated}, p. pr.
& vb. n. {Exuviating}.][From {Exuviae}.] (Zo["o]l.)
To shed an old covering or condition preliminary to taking on
a new one; to molt.
There is reason to suppose that very old crayfish do
not exuviate every year. --Huxley.
Exuviation \Ex*u`vi*a"tion\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The rejecting or casting off of some part, more particularly,
the outer cuticular layer, as the shells of crustaceans,
skins of snakes, etc.; molting; ecdysis.
Ex-voto \Ex`-vo"to\, n.; pl. {Ex-votos} (-t["o]z). [L. ex out
of, in accordance with + voto, abl. of votum a vow.]
An offering to a church in fulfillment of a vow.
Ey \Ey\, n.[AS. [=i]g. Cf.{Eyot}.]
An island. [Obs.]
Ey \Ey\, n.; pl. {Eyren}.
See {Egg}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ey \Ey\,
An interj. of wonder or inquiry. [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Eyalet \E`ya*let"\, n. [Turk., fr. Ar. iy[=a]lah.]
Formerly, one of the administrative divisions or provinces of
the Ottoman Empire; -- now called a {vilayet}.
Eyas \Ey`as\, n. [F. niais fresh from the nest, a derivative fr.
L. nidus nest. E. an eyas for a nias. See {Nest}, and cf.
{Nias}, {Jashawk}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A nesting or unfledged bird; in falconry, a young hawk from
the nest, not able to prey for itself. --Shak J. H. Walsh
Eyas \Ey"as\, a.
Unfledged, or newly fledged. [Obs.]
Like eyas hawk up mounts unto the skies, His newly
budded pinions to assay. --Spebser.
Eyasmusket \Ey"as*mus`ket\, n. [Eyas + muske the brid.]
An unfledged or young male sparrow hawk. [Obs.] --Shak.
Eye \Eye\, n. [Prob. fr. nye, an eye being for a nye. See
{Nye}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A brood; as, an eye of pheasants.
Eye \Eye\, n. [OE. eghe, eighe, eie, eye, AS. e['a]ge; akin to
OFries. [=a]ge, OS. ?ga, D. oog, Ohg. ouga, G. auge, Icel.
auga, Sw. ["o]ga, Dan. ["o]ie, Goth. aug?; cf. OSlav. oko,
Lish. akis, L. okulus, Gr. ?, eye, ?, the two eyes, Skr.
akshi. [root]10, 212. Cf. {Diasy}, {Ocular}, {Optic},
{Eyelet}, {Ogle}.]
1. The organ of sight or vision. In man, and the vertebrates
generally, it is properly the movable ball or globe in the
orbit, but the term often includes the adjacent parts. In
most invertebrates the years are immovable ocelli, or
compound eyes made up of numerous ocelli. See {Ocellus}.
Description of illustration: a b Conjunctiva; c Cornea; d
Sclerotic; e Choroid; f Cillary Muscle; g Cillary Process;
h Iris; i Suspensory Ligament; k Prosterior Aqueous
Chamber between h and i; l Anterior Aqueous Chamber; m
Crystalline Lens; n Vitreous Humor; o Retina; p Yellow
spot; q Center of blind spot; r Artery of Retina in center
of the Optic Nerve.
Note: The essential parts of the eye are inclosed in a tough
outer coat, the sclerotic, to which the muscles moving
it are attached, and which in front changes into the
transparent cornea. A little way back of cornea, the
crystalline lens is suspended, dividing the eye into
two unequal cavities, a smaller one in front filled
with a watery fluid, the aqueous humor, and larger one
behind filled with a clear jelly, the vitreous humor.
The sclerotic is lined with a highly pigmented
membrane, the choroid, and this is turn is lined in the
back half of the eyeball with the nearly transparent
retina, in which the fibers of the optic nerve ramify.
The choroid in front is continuous with the iris, which
has a contractile opening in the center, the pupil,
admitting light to the lens which brings the rays to a
focus and forms an image upon the retina, where the
light, falling upon delicate structures called rods and
cones, causes them to stimulate the fibres of the optic
nerve to transmit visual impressions to the brain.
2. The faculty of seeing; power or range of vision; hence,
judgment or taste in the use of the eye, and in judging of
objects; as, to have the eye of sailor; an eye for the
beautiful or picturesque.
3. The action of the organ of sight; sight, look; view;
ocular knowledge; judgment; opinion.
In my eye, she is the sweetest lady that I looked
on. --Shak.
4. The space commanded by the organ of sight; scope of
vision; hence, face; front; the presence of an object
which is directly opposed or confronted; immediate
presence.
We shell express our duty in his eye. --Shak.
Her shell your hear disproved to her eyes. --Shak.
5. Observation; oversight; watch; inspection; notice;
attention; regard. ``Keep eyes upon her.'' --Shak.
Booksellers . . . have an eye to their own
advantage. --Addison.
6. That which resembles the organ of sight, in form,
position, or appearance; as:
(a) (Zo["o]l.) The spots on a feather, as of peacock.
(b) The scar to which the adductor muscle is attached in
oysters and other bivalve shells; also, the adductor
muscle itself, esp. when used as food, as in the
scallop.
(c) The bud or sprout of a plant or tuber; as the eye of a
potato.
(d) The center of a target; the bull's-eye.
(e) A small loop to receive a hook; as hooks and eyes on a
dress.
(f) The hole through the head of a needle.
(g) A loop forming part of anything, or a hole through
anything, to receive a rope, hook, pin, shaft, etc.;
as an eye at the end of a tie bar in a bridge truss;
as an eye through a crank; an eye at the end of rope.
(h) The hole through the upper millstone.
7. That which resembles the eye in relative importance or
beauty. ``The very eye of that proverb.'' --Shak.
Athens, the eye of Greece, mother of arts. --Milton.
8. Tinge; shade of color. [Obs.]
Red with an eye of blue makes a purple. --Boyle.
{By the eye}, in abundance. [Obs.] --Marlowe.
{Elliott eye} (Naut.), a loop in a hemp cable made around a
thimble and served.
{Eye agate}, a kind of circle agate, the central part of
which are of deeper tints than the rest of the mass.
--Brande & C.
{Eye animalcule} (Zo["o]l), a flagellate infusorian belonging
to {Euglena} and related genera; -- so called because it
has a colored spot like an eye at one end.
{Eye doctor}, an oculist.
{Eye of a volute} (Arch.), the circle in the center of
volute.
{Eye of day}, {Eye of the morning}, {Eye of heaven}, the sun.
``So gently shuts the eye day.'' --Mrs. Barbauld.
{Eye of a ship}, the foremost part in the bows of a ship,
where, formerly, eyes were painted; also, the hawser
holes. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
{Half an eye}, very imperfect sight; a careless glance; as,
to see a thing with half an eye; often figuratively.
``Those who have but half an eye. '' --B. Jonson.
{To catch one's eye}, to attract one's notice.
{To find favor in the eyes (of)}, to be graciously received
and treated.
{To have an eye to}, to pay particular attention to; to
watch. ``Have an eye to Cinna.'' --Shak.
{To keep an eye on}, to watch.
{To set the eyes on}, to see; to have a sight of.
{In the eye of the wind} (Naut.), in a direction opposed to
the wind; as, a ship sails in the eye of the wind.
Eye \Eye\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Eyed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Eying or
Eyeing}.]
To fix the eye on; to look on; to view; to observe;
particularly, to observe or watch narrowly, or with fixed
attention; to hold in view.
Eye me, blest Providence, and square my trial To my
proportioned strength. --Milton.
Eye \Eye\, v. i.
To appear; to look. [Obs.]
My becomings kill me, when they do not Eye well to you.
--Shak.
Eyeball \Eye"ball`\, n.
The ball or globe of the eye.
Eyebar \Eye"bar`\, n. (Engin.)
A bar with an eye at one or both ends.
Eyebeam \Eye"beam`\, n.
A glance of the eye. --Shak.
Eyebolt \Eye"bolt`\, n. (Mach.)
A bolt which a looped head, or an opening in the head.
Eyebright \Eye"bright`\, n. (Bot.)
A small annual plant ({Euphrasia officinalis}), formerly much
used as a remedy for diseases of the eye.
Eyebrow \Eye"brow`\, n.
The brow or hairy arch above the eye. --Shak.
Eyecup \Eye"cup`\, n.
A small oval porcelain or glass cup, having a rim curved to
fit the orbit of the eye. it is used in the application of
liquid remedies to eyes; -- called also {eyeglass}.
Eyed \Eyed\, a.
Heaving (such or so many) eyes; -- used in composition; as
sharp-eyed; dull-eyed; sad-eyed; ox-eyed Juno; myriad-eyed.
Eyedrop \Eye"drop"\, n.
A tear. [Poetic] --Shak.
Eyeflap \Eye"flap"\, n.
A blinder on a horse's bridle.
Eyeful \Eye"ful\, a.
Filling or satisfying the eye; visible; remarkable. [Obs.]
``Eyeful trophies.'' --Chapman.
Eyeglance \Eye"glance`\, n.
A glance of eye.
Eyeglass \Eye"glass`\, n.
1. A lens of glass to assist the sight. Eyeglasses are used
singly or in pairs.
2. Eyepiece of a telescope, microscope, etc.
3. The retina. [Poetic]
4. A glass eyecup. See {Eyecup}.
Eyehole \Eye"hole`\, n.
A circular opening to recive a hook, cord, ring, or rope; an
eyelet.
Eyelash \Eye"lash`\, n.
1. The fringe of hair that edges the eyelid; -- usually in
the pl.
2. A hair of the fringe on the edge of the eyelid.
Eyeless \Eye"less`\, a.
Without eyes; blind. ``Eyeless rage.'' --Shak.
Eyelet \Eye"let`\, n. [F. [oe]illet, dim. of [oe]il eye, fr. L.
oculus. See {Eye}, and cf. {Oillet}.]
1. A small hole or perforation to receive a cord or fastener,
as in garments, sails, etc.
2. A metal ring or grommet, or short metallic tube, the ends
of which can be bent outward and over to fasten it in
place; -- used to line an eyelet hole.
{Eyelet hole}, a hole made for an eyelet.
{Eyelet punch}, a machine for punching eyelet holes and
fastening eyelets, as in paper or cloth.
{Eyelet ring}. See {Eyelet}, 2.
Eyeleteer \Eye`let*eer"\, n.
A small, sharp-pointed instrument used in piercing eyelet
holes; a stiletto.
Eyelid \Eye`lid"\, n. (Anat.)
The cover of the eye; that portion of movable skin with which
an animal covers or uncovers the eyeball at pleasure.
Eyen \Ey"en\, n. pl.
Eyes. [Obs.] --Chaucer. --Spenser.
Eyepiece \Eye"piece`\, n. (Opt.)
The lens, or combination of lenses, at the eye end of a
telescope or other optical instrument, through which the
image formed by the mirror or object glass is viewed.
{Collimating eyepiece}. See under {Collimate}.
{Negative}, or {Huyghenian}, {eyepiece}, an eyepiece
consisting of two plano-convex lenses with their curved
surfaces turned toward the object glass, and separated
from each other by about half the sum of their focal
distances, the image viewed by the eye being formed
between the two lenses. it was devised by Huyghens, who
applied it to the telescope. Campani applied it to the
microscope, whence it is sometimes called {Campani's
eyepiece}.
{Positive eyepiece}, an eyepiece consisting of two
plano-convex lenses placed with their curved surfaces
toward each other, and separated by a distance somewhat
less than the focal distance of the one nearest eye, the
image of the object viewed being beyond both lenses; --
called also, from the name of the inventor, {Ramsden's
eyepiece}.
{terrestrial}, or {Erecting eyepiece}, an eyepiece used in
telescopes for viewing terrestrial objects, consisting of
three, or usually four, lenses, so arranged as to present
the image of the object viewed in an erect position.
Eyer \Ey"er\, n.
One who eyes another. --Gayton.
Eyereach \Eye"reach`\, n.
The range or reach of the eye; eyeshot. ``A seat in eyereach
of him.'' --B. Jonson.
Eye-saint \Eye"-saint`\, n.
An object of interest to the eye; one worshiped with the
eyes. [Obs.]
That's the eye-saint, I know, Among young gallants.
--Beau. & Fl.
Eyesalve \Eye"salve`\, n.
Ointment for the eye.
Eyeservant \Eye"serv`ant\, n.
A servant who attends faithfully to his duty only when
watched.
Eyeservice \Eye"serv`ice\, n.
Service performed only under inspection, or the eye of an
employer.
Not with eyeservice, as menpleasers. --Col. iii.
22.
Eyeshot \Eye"shot`\, n.
Range, reach, or glance of the eye; view; sight; as, to be
out of eyeshot. --Dryden.
Eyesight \Eye"sight`\, n.
Sight of the eye; the sense of seeing; view; observation.
Josephus sets this down from his own eyesight. --Bp.
Wilkins.
Eyesore \Eye"sore`\, n.
Something offensive to the eye or sight; a blemish.
Mordecai was an eyesore to Haman. --L'Estrange.
Eye-splice \Eye"-splice`\, n. (Naut.)
A splice formed by bending a rope's end back, and fastening
it into the rope, forming a loop or eye. See Illust. under
{Splice}.
Eye-spot \Eye"-spot`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A simple visual organ found in many invertebrates,
consisting of pigment cells covering a sensory nerve
termination.
(b) An eyelike spot of color.
Eye-spotted \Eye"-spot`ted\, a.
Marked with spots like eyes.
Juno's bird, in her eye-spotted train. --Spenser.
Eyestalk \Eye"stalk`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the movable peduncles which, in the decapod Crustacea,
bear the eyes at the tip.
Eyestone \Eye"stone`\ ([imac]"st[=o]n`), n.
1. A small, lenticular, calcareous body, esp. an operculum of
a small marine shell of the family {Turbinid[ae]}, used to
remove a foreign substance from the eye. It is put into
the inner corner of the eye under the lid, and allowed to
work its way out at the outer corner, bringing with it the
substance.
2. (Min.) Eye agate. See under {Eye}.
Eyestring \Eye"string`\, n.
The tendon by which the eye is moved. --Shak.
Eyet \Ey"et\, n.
An island. See {Eyot}.
Eyetooth \Eye"tooth\ ([imac]"t[=oo]th`), n.; pl. {Eyeteeth}
([imac]"t[=e]th`) (Anat.)
A canine tooth of the upper jaw. See {Teeth}.
{To cut one's eyeteeth}, to become acute or knowing.
[Colloq.]
Eyewash \Eye"wash\, n.
See {Eyewater}.
Eyewater \Eye"wa`ter\, n. (Med.)
A wash or lotion for application to the eyes.
Eyewink \Eye"wink`\, n.
A wink; a token. --Shak.
Eyewinker \Eye"wink`er\, n.
An eyelash. [A child's word.]
Eyewitness \Eye"wit`ness\, n.
One who sees a thing done; one who has ocular view of
anything.
We . . . were eyewitnesses of his majesty. --2 Pet. i.
16.
Eyghen \Ey"ghen\, n. pl.
Eyes. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Eyght \Eyght\ ([=a]t), n.
An island. See {Eyot}.
Eyle \Eyle\ ([=a]l) v. t. & i.
To ail. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Eyliad \Ey"li*ad\, n.
See {[OE]iliad}.
Eyne \Eyne\, or Eyen \Ey"en\, n.
Plural of eye; -- now obsolete, or used only in poetry.
--Shak.
With such a plaintive gaze their eyne Are fastened
upwardly on mine. --Mrs.
Browning.
Eyot \Ey"ot\ ([imac]"[o^]t or [=a]t), n. [Ey (AS. [=i]g or Icel.
ey) + F. dim. termination -ot; cf. AS. [=i]geo[eth]. See
{Island}, and cf. {Ait}.]
A little island in a river or lake. See {Ait}. [Written also
{ait}, {ayt}, {ey}, {eyet}, and {eyght}.] --Blackstone.
Eyr \Eyr\ ([^a]r), n. [See {Air}.]
Air. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Eyra \Ey"ra\, n. [Native South American name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A wild cat ({Felis eyra}) ranging from southern Brazil to
Texas. It is reddish yellow and about the size of the
domestic cat, but with a more slender body and shorter legs.
Eyre \Eyre\ ([^a]r), n. [OF. erre journey, march, way, fr. L.
iter, itineris, a going, way, fr. the root of ire to go. Cf.
{Errant}, {Itinerant}, {Issue}.] (O. Eng. Law)
A journey in circuit of certain judges called justices in
eyre (or in itinere).
Note: They were itinerant judges, who rode the circuit,
holding courts in the different counties.
Eyren \Ey"ren\, n. pl.
See {Ey}, an egg.
Eyrie \Ey"rie\, Eyry \Ey"ry\ ([=a]"r[y^] or [=e]"r[y^]; 277),
n.; pl. {Ey"ries} (-r[i^]z). [See {Aerie}]
The nest of a bird of prey or other large bird that builds in
a lofty place; aerie.
The eagle and the stork On cliffs and cedar tops their
eyries build. --Milton.
Eysell \Ey"sell\, n.
Same as {Eisel}. [Obs.] --Shak.