G \G\ (j[=e])
1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a
vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in
gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in
gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect]
231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.
Note: The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which
it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is
also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through
the French. Etymologically it is most closely related
to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin
L. genus, Gr. ?; E. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to
ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army);
gall, choler; gust, choose. See {C}.
2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or
model scale; -- called also {sol} by the Italians and
French. It was also originally used as the treble clef,
and has gradually changed into the character represented
in the margin. See {Clef}. G[sharp] (G sharp) is a tone
intermediate between G and A.
Gab \Gab\, n. [Cf. {Gaff}.] (Steam Engine)
The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap.
See. Illust. of {Eccentric}.
Gab \Gab\, n. [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb
mocking, mockery, or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or
gob. Cf. {Gab}, v. i., {Gibber}.]
The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk;
loquaciousness. [Colloq.]
{Gift of gab}, facility of expression. [Colloq.]
Gab \Gab\, v. i. [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr.
Icel. gabba to mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d {Gab}, and cf.
{Gabble}.]
1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. --Holinshed.
Gabarage \Gab"ar*age\, n.
A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]
Gabardine \Gab`ar*dine"\, Gaberdine \Gab`er*dine"\, n. [Sp.
gabardina; cf. It. gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine,
gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. gaban a sort
of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great coat with
a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.]
A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews;
a mean dress. --Shak.
Gabber \Gab"ber\, n.
1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]
2. One addicted to idle talk.
Gabble \Gab"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gabbled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gabbling}.] [Freq. of gab. See {Gab}, v. i.]
1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to
jabber. --Shak.
2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling
fowls. --Dryden.
Gabble \Gab"ble\, n.
1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning.
Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the
builders. --Milton.
2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.
Gabbier \Gab"bier\, n.
One who gabbles; a prater.
Gabbro \Gab"bro\, n. [It.] (Geol.)
A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of
serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now
generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock
consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite,
with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).
Gabel \Ga"bel\, n. [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of
uncertain origin. Cf.{Gavel} tribute.] (O. Eng. Law)
A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an
excise. --Burrill.
He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry
of a fish. --Jer. Taylor.
Gabeler \Ga"bel*er\, n. (O. Eng. Law)
A collector of gabels or taxes.
Gabelle \Ga`belle"\, n. [F. See {Gabel}.]
A tax, especially on salt. [France] --Brande & C.
Gabelleman \Ga*belle"man\, n.
A gabeler. --Carlyle.
Gaberdine \Gab`er*dine"\, n.
See {Gabardine}.
Gaber-lunzie \Gab"er-lun`zie\, n. [Gael. gabair talker +
lunndair idler.]
A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] --Sir W.
Scott.
Gabert \Gab"ert\, n. [Cf.F. gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.]
A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation. [Scot.]
--Jamieson.
Gabion \Ga"bi*on\, n.[F., from It. gabbione a large cage,
gabion, from gabbia cage, L. cavea. See {Cage}.]
1. (Fort.) A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket
without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and
filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men
from an enemy's fire.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork frame, as of poles, filled
with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke,
etc., as in harbor improvement.
Gabionade \Ga`bi*on*ade"\, n. [F. gabionnade.]
1. (Fort.) A traverse made with gabions between guns or on
their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.
2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand
bar in harbor improvements.
Gabionage \Ga"bi*on*age\, n. [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.)
The part of a fortification built of gabions.
Gabioned \Ga"bi*oned\, p. a.
Furnished with gabions.
Gabionnade \Ga`bion`nade"\, n.
See {Gabionade}.
Gable \Ga"ble\, n.
A cable. [Archaic] --Chapman.
Gable \Ga"ble\, n. [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum
front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf.
OHG. gibil, G. giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla
pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. ? head, and E. cephalic, or to G.
gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of
gallows.] (Arch.)
(a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building,
from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of
the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in
shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence:
(b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the
front or rear side.
(c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular
gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway.
{Bell gable}. See under {Bell}.
{Gable roof}, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at
each end.
{Gable wall}. Same as {Gable}
(b) .
{Gable window}, a window in a gable.
Gablet \Ga"blet\, n. (Arch.)
A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a
tabernacle, niche, etc.
Gablock \Gab"lock\, n. [See {Gavelock}.]
A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock.
--Wright.
Gaby \Ga"by\, n. [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. {Gafe}.]
A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]
Gad \Gad\, n. [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw.
gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See {Yard} a
measure.]
1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.
2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel
wedge used in mining, etc.
I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of
steel will write these words. --Shak.
3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.
4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. --Fairholt.
5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.]
Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads.
--Moxon.
6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a
rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.]
--Halliwell. Bartlett.
{Upon the gad}, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.]
``All this done upon the gad!'' --Shak.
Gad \Gad\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gadded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gadding}.] [Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive
about.]
To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence,
to run wild; to be uncontrolled. ``The gadding vine.''
--Milton.
Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way?
--Jer. ii. 36.
Gadabout \Gad"a*bout`\, n.
A gadder [Colloq.]
Gadbee \Gad"bee`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The gadfly.
Gadder \Gad"der\, n.
One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.
Gadding \Gad"ding\, a. & n.
Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.
Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets.
--Bacon.
The good nuns would check her gadding tongue.
--Tennyson.
{Gadding car}, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling
machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes.
Gaddingly \Gad"ding*ly\, adv.
In a roving, idle manner.
Gaddish \Gad"dish\, a.
Disposed to gad. -- {Gad"dish*nes}, n. ``Gaddishness and
folly.'' --Abp. Leighton.
Gade \Gade\, n. [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small British fish ({Motella argenteola}) of the Cod
family.
(b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also {gead}.
[Prov. Eng.]
Gadere \Gad"er*e\, Gadre \Gad"re\, v. t. & i.
To gather. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gadfly \Gad"fly`\, n.; pl. {Gadflies}. [Gad + fly.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any dipterous insect of the genus {Oestrus}, and allied
genera of botflies.
Note: The sheep gadfly ({Oestrus ovis}) deposits its young in
the nostrils of sheep, and the larv[ae] develop in the
frontal sinuses. The common species which infests
cattle ({Hypoderma bovis}) deposits its eggs upon or in
the skin where the larv[ae] or bots live and produce
sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce
the intestinal parasites called bots. See {Botfly}, and
{Bots}. The true horseflies are often erroneously
called gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes
incorrectly called breeze flies.
{Gadfly petrel} (Zo["o]l.), one of several small petrels of
the genus {Oestrelata}.
Gadhelic \Gadhel"ic\ (g[=a]l"[i^]k), a. [See {Gaelic}.]
Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages,
which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. --J. Peile.
Gadic \Gad"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod ({Gadus}); -- applied
to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid.
Gaditanian \Gad`i*ta`ni*an\, a. [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.]
Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Cadiz.
Gadling \Gad"ling\, n. [Gad, n. + -ling.] (Medi[ae]val Armor)
[R.]
See {Gad}, n., 4.
Gadling \Gad"ling\, a. [See {Gad}, v. i.]
Gadding about. [Obs.]
Gadling \Gad"ling\, n.
A roving vagabond. [Obs.] --Rom. of R.
Gadman \Gadman\, n.
A gadsman.
Gadoid \Ga"doid\ (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F.
gado["i]de gadoid, Gr. ? a sort of fish, F. gade.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the family of fishes ({Gadid[ae]}) which
includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n. One of the
{Gadid[ae]}. [Written also {gadid}.]
Gadolinia \Gad`o*lin"i*a\, n. [NL. See {Gadolinite}.] (Chem.)
A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed
element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides
of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.
Gadolinic \Gad`o*lin"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.
Gadolinite \Gad"o*lin*ite\, n. [Named after Gadolin, a Russian
chemist.] (Min.)
A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and
consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium,
and iron.
Gadolinium \Gad`o*lin"i*um\, n. [NL. See {Gadolinite}.] (Chem.)
A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic
spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare
metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been
determined.
Gadsman \Gads"man\, n.
One who uses a gad or goad in driving.
Gaduin \Gad"u*in\, n.[NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.)
A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature,
found in cod-liver oil.
Gadwall \Gad"wall\, n. [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large duck ({Anas strepera}), valued as a game bird, found
in the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also
{gray duck}. [Written also {gaddwell}.]
Gael \Gael\, n.sing. & pl. [See {Gaelic}.] (Ethnol.)
A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland;
now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.
Gaelic \Gael"ic\ (?; 277), a. [Gael. G[`a]idhealach, Gaelach,
from G[`a]idheal, Gael, a Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.)
Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders
of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.
Gaelic \Gael"ic\, n. [Gael. Gaelig, G[`a]ilig.]
The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of
Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.
Gaff \Gaff\, n. [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which
seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa
hook; perh. akin to G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. Cf.
{Gaffle}, {Gable}.]
1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen
in securing heavy fish.
2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a
fore-and-aft sail is extended.
3. Same as {Gaffle}, 1. --Wright.
Gaff \Gaff\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gaffed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gaffing}.]
To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of
a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.
Gaffer \Gaf"fer\, n. [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob.
fr. gramfer for grandfather. Cf. {Gammer}.]
1. An old fellow; an aged rustic.
Go to each gaffer and each goody. --Fawkes.
Note: Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now
degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when
addressed to an aged man in humble life.
2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.]
Gaffle \Gaf"fle\, n. [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan.
gaffel, G. gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. {Gaff}.]
1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.
2. A lever to bend crossbows.
Gaff-topsail \Gaff`-top"sail\, n. (Naut.)
A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the
gaff and its luff upon the topmast.
Gag \Gag\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gagged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gagging}.] [Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg
mouth, opening, entrance.]
1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to
hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by
violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. --Marvell.
The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be
gagged, and reason to be hood winked. --Maccaulay.
2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag.
Mouths gagged to such a wideness. --Fortescue
(Transl.).
3. To cause to heave with nausea.
Gag \Gag\, v. i.
1. To heave with nausea; to retch.
2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See {Gag}, n., 3.
[Slang] --Cornill Mag.
Gag \Gag\, n.
1. Something thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder
speaking.
2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag
of mutton fat. --Lamb.
3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the
stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some
seasonable or local allusion. [Slang]
{Gag rein} (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in
the horse's mouth.
{Gag runner} (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding
the gag rein.
Gagate \Gag"ate\ (?; 48), n. [L. gagates. See {Jet} a black
mineral.]
Agate. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Gage \Gage\, n. [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin;
cf. Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See {Wed},
and cf. {Wage}, n.]
1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a
security for the performance of some act by the person
depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security.
Nor without gages to the needy lend. --Sandys.
2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a
challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of
the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. ``There I throw my
gage.'' --Shak.
Gage \Gage\, n. [So called because an English family named Gage
imported the greengage from France, in the last century.]
A variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage,
frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness
to the greengage. See {Greengage}.
Gage \Gage\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gaged}; p. pr & vb. n.
{Gaging}.] [Cf. F. gager. See {Gage}, n., a pledge.]
1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act;
to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.]
A moiety competent Was gaged by our king. --Shak.
2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.
Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal,
Hath left me gaged. --Shak.
Gage \Gage\, n.
A measure or standard. See {Gauge}, n.
Gage \Gage\, v. t.
To measure. See {Gauge}, v. t.
You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. --Shak.
Gager \Ga"ger\, n.
A measurer. See {Gauger}.
Gagger \Gag"ger\, n.
1. One who gags.
2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold
to keep the sand in place.
Gaggle \Gag"gle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gaggled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gaggling}.] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen,
G. gackeln, gackern, MHG. g?gen, E. giggle, cackle.]
To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. --Bacon.
Gaggle \Gag"gle\, n. [Cf. {Gaggle} v. i.] (Zo["o]l.)
A flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Gagtooth \Gag"tooth`\, n.; pl. {Gagteeth}.
A projecting tooth. [Obs.]
Gag-toothed \Gag"-toothed"\, a.
Having gagteeth. [Obs.]
Gahnite \Gahn"ite\, n. [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.]
(Min.)
Zinc spinel; automolite.
Gaidic \Ga*id"ic\, a. [Gr. ? earth.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an acid obtained
from hypogeic acid.
Gaiety \Gai"e*ty\, n.
Same as {Gayety}.
Gailer \Gail"er\, n.
A jailer. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gaillard \Gail`lard"\, a. [F. See {Galliard}.]
Gay; brisk; merry; galliard. --Chaucer.
Gailliarde \Gail*liarde"\, n. [See {Galliard} a dance.]
A lively French and Italian dance.
Gaily \Gai"ly\, adv. [From {Gay}.]
Merrily; showily. See {gaily}.
Gain \Gain\ (g[=a]n), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.)
A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist,
or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive
the end of the floor beam.
Gain \Gain\, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel.
gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite.
Cf. {Ahain}.]
Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy;
profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gain \Gain\ (g[=a]n), n. [OE. gain, gein, ga[yogh]hen, gain,
advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth.
gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain
gain, OF. gaain. Cf. {Gain}, v. t.]
1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase,
profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to {loss}.
But what things were gain to me, those I counted
loss for Christ. --Phil. iii.
7.
Godliness with contentment is great gain. --1 Tim.
vi. 6.
Every one shall share in the gains. --Shak.
2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable
possessions; acquisition; accumulation. ``The lust of
gain.'' --Tennyson.
Gain \Gain\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gained} (g[=a]nd); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Gaining}.] [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F.
gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG.
weidin[=o]n, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage,
G. weide, akin to Icel. vei[eth]r hunting, AS. w[=a][eth]u,
cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See {Gain}, n., profit.]
1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by
effort or labor; as, to gain a good living.
What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole
world, and lose his own soul? --Matt. xvi.
26.
To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. --Milton.
For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease.
--Pope.
2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to
obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a
case at law; to gain a prize.
3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side;
to conciliate.
If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.
--Matt. xviii.
15.
To gratify the queen, and gained the court.
--Dryden.
4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top
of a mountain; to gain a good harbor.
Forded Usk and gained the wood. --Tennyson.
5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs.
or Ironical]
Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to
have gained this harm and loss. --Acts xxvii.
21.
{Gained day}, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward
around the earth.
{To gain ground}, to make progress; to advance in any
undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent.
{To gain over}, to draw to one's party or interest; to win
over.
{To gain the wind} (Naut.), to reach the windward side of
another ship.
Syn: To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain;
achieve.
Usage: See {Obtain}. -- {To Gain}, {Win}. Gain implies only
that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it
in competition with others. A person gains knowledge,
or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a
victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle
with others.
Gain \Gain\, v. i.
To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to
grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to
make progress; as, the sick man gains daily.
Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by
extortion. --Ezek. xxii.
12.
{Gaining twist}, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves,
which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle.
{To gain on} or {upon}.
(a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land.
(b) To obtain influence with.
(c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or
contest.
(d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of.
The English have not only gained upon the Venetians
in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice
itself. --Addison.
My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor,
that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. --Swift.
Gainable \Gain"a*ble\, a. [CF. F. gagnable. See {Gain}, v. t.]
Capable of being obtained or reached. --Sherwood.
Gainage \Gain"age\ (?, 48), n. [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F.
gaignage pasturage. See {Gain}, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law)
(a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements
for carrying on tillage.
(b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself.
--Bouvier.
Gainer \Gain"er\, n.
One who gains. --Shak.
Gainful \Gain"ful\, a.
Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. ``A gainful
speculation.'' --Macaulay. -- {Gain"ful*ly}, adv. --
{Gain"ful*ness}, n.
Gaingiving \Gain"giv`ing\, n. [See {Again}, and {Give}.]
A misgiving. [Obs.]
Gainless \Gain"less\, a.
Not producing gain; unprofitable. --Hammond. --
{Gain"less/ness}, n.
Gainly \Gain"ly\, adv. [See {Gain}, a.]
Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.] --Dr.
H. More.
Gainpain \Gain"pain`\, n.[F. gagner to gain + pain bread.]
Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the
sword of a hired soldier.
Gainsay \Gain`say"\ (? or ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Gainsaid} (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n. {Gainsaying}.] [OE.
geinseien, ageinseien. See {Again}, and {Say} to utter.]
To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.
I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your
adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist.
--Luke xxi.
15.
The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst
from thy mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal
sword Be drained. --Shak.
Gainsayer \Gain`say"er\, n.
One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. ``To convince the
gainsayers.'' --Tit. i. 9.
Gainsome \Gain"some\, a.
1. Gainful.
2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] --Massinger.
'Gainst \'Gainst\, prep.
A contraction of {Against}.
Gainstand \Gain"stand`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gainstood}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {gainstanding}.] [See {Again}, and {Stand}.]
To withstand; to resist. [Obs.]
Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged
desires. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Gainstrive \Gain"strive`\, v. t. & i. [See {Again}, and
{Strive}.]
To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.]
--Spenser.
Gairfowl \Gair"fowl`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Garefowl}.
Gairish \Gair"ish\, a., Gairishly \Gair"ish*ly\, adv.,
Gairishness \Gair"ish/ness\, n.
Same as {Garish}, {Garishly}, {Garishness}.
Gait \Gait\, n. [See {Gate} a way.]
1. A going; a walk; a march; a way.
Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks
pass. --Shak.
2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while
moving.
'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait. --Shak.
Gaited \Gait"ed\, a.
Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as,
slow-gaited; heavy-gaited.
Gaiter \Gait"er\, n. [F. gu[^e]tre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or
perh. of German origin, and akin to E. wear, v.]
1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep,
or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting
down upon the shoe.
2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the
ankle.
Gaiter \Gai"ter\, v. t.
To dress with gaiters.
Gaitre \Gai"tre\, Gaytre \Gay"tre\, n. [OE. Cf. {Gatten tree}.]
The dogwood tree. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gala \Ga"la\, n. [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala;
of German origin. See {Gallant}.]
Pomp, show, or festivity. --Macaulay.
{Gala day}, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.
Galacta-gogue \Ga*lac"ta-gogue\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, milk + ? to
lead.] (Med.)
An agent exciting secretion of milk.
Galactic \Ga*lac"tic\, a. [Gr. ? milky, fr. ?, ?, milk. See
{Galaxy}, and cf. {Lactic}.]
1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic
acid.
2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way.
{Galactic circle} (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens,
to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms.
--Herschel.
{Galactic poles}, the poles of the galactic circle.
Galactin \Ga*lac"tin\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, milk. Cf. {Lactin}.]
(Chem.)
(a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing
nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It
resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a
coagulating or emulsifying agent.
(b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South
American cow tree ({Galactodendron}).
(c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose,
found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding
on decomposition several sugars, including galactose.
Galactodensimeter \Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ?, ? + E.
densimeter.]
Same as {Galactometer}.
Galactometer \Gal`ac*tom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, milk + -meter:
cf. F. galactom[`e]tre. Cf. {Lactometer}.]
An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e., its
richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a
lactometer.
Galactophagist \Gal`ac*toph"a*gist\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, milk + ? to
eat: cf. ? to live on milk.]
One who eats, or subsists on, milk.
Galactophagous \Gal`ac*toph"a*gous\, a. [Gr. ?: cf. F.
galactophade.]
Feeding on milk.
Galactophorous \Gal`ac*toph"o*rous\, a. [Gr. ?; ?, ?, milk + ?
to bear: cf. F. galactophore. Cf. {Lactiferous}.] (Anat.)
Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of
mammary glands.
Galactopoietic \Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, ?, milk + ?
capable of making; fr. ? to make.] (Med.)
Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. -- n. A
galactopoietic substance.
Galactose \Ga*lac"tose\, n. (Chem.)
A white, crystalline sugar, {C6H12O6}, isomeric with
dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and
also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid.
Called also {lactose} (though it is not lactose proper).
Galage \Ga*lage"\, n. (Obs.)
See {Galoche}. --Spenser.
Galago \Ga*la"go\, n.; pl. {Galagos}. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.
Note: The {grand galago} ({Galago crassicaudata}) is about
the size of a cat; the {mouse galago} ({G. murinus})is
about the size of a mouse.
Galanga \Ga*lan"ga\, Galangal \Ga*lan"gal\, n.[OE. galingale,
OF. galingal, garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob.
fr. Ar. khalanj?n. ]
The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian
or Chinese species of {Alpinia} ({A. Galanga} and {A.
officinarum}) and of the {K[ae]mpferia Galanga}), -- all of
the Ginger family.
Galantine \Gal"an*tine\ (? or ?), n. [F. galantine.]
A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from
bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. --Smart.
Galapee tree \Gal"a*pee` tree"\, (Bot.)
The West Indian {Sciadophyllum Brownei}, a tree with very
large digitate leaves.
Galatian \Ga*la"tian\, a.
Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native
or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the
Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.
Galaxy \Gal"ax*y\, n.; pl. {Galaxies}. [F. galaxie, L. galaxias,
fr. Gr. ? (sc. ? circle), fr. ?, ?, milk; akin to L. lac. Cf.
{Lacteal}.]
1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt,
which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and
which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and
blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope.
The term has recently been used for remote clusters of
stars. --Nichol.
2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.
Galban \Gal"ban\, Galbanum \Gal"ba*num\, n. [L. galbanum, Gr. ?,
prob. from Heb. klekb'n?h: cf. F. galbanum.]
A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic
umbelliferous plants, mostly species of {Ferula}. The {Bubon
Galbanum} of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of
galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant
smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as
in the manufacture of varnish.
Gale \Gale\ (g[=a]l), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. gal
furious, Icel. galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to
sing, Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm,
sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel. gj[=o]la gust of wind,
gola breeze. Cf. {Yell}.]
1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and
a hurricane. The most violent gales are called {tempests}.
Note: Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen
(``moderate'') to about eighty (``very heavy'') miles
an our. --Sir. W. S. Harris.
2. A moderate current of air; a breeze.
A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. --Shak.
And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From
their soft wings. --Milton.
3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.
The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting
into what, in New England, is sometimes called a
gale. --Brooke
(Eastford).
{Topgallant gale} (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her
topgallant sails.
Gale \Gale\, v. i. (Naut.)
To sale, or sail fast.
Gale \Gale\, n. [OE. gal. See {Gale} wind.]
A song or story. [Obs.] --Toone.
Gale \Gale\, v. i. [AS. galan. See 1st {Gale}.]
To sing. [Obs.] ``Can he cry and gale.'' --Court of Love.
Gale \Gale\, n. [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.)
A plant of the genus {Myrica}, growing in wet places, and
strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale ({Myrica
Gale}) is found both in Europe and in America.
Gale \Gale\, n. [Cf. {Gabel}.]
The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] --Mozley & W.
{Gale day}, the day on which rent or interest is due.
Galea \Ga"le*a\, n.[L., a helmet. ]
1. (Bot.) The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate
flower.
2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the head.
3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over the head.
4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted,
helmet-shaped shell.
5. (Zo["o]l.) The anterior, outer process of the second joint
of the maxillae in certain insects.
Galeas \Gal"e*as\, n.
See {Galleass}.
Galeate \Ga"le*ate\, Galeated \Ga"le*a`ted\, a. [L. galeatus, p.
p. of galeare helmet.]
1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with
a helmet.
2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a
flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.
Galei \Ga"le*i\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr.
Gr. ? a kind of shark.] (Zo["o]l.)
That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the
sharks.
Galena \Ga*le"na\, n.[L. galena lead ore, dross that remains
after melting lead: cf. F. gal[`e]ne sulphide of lead ore,
antidote to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]
1. (Med.) A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.]
--Parr.
2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of
a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in
crystallization and cleavage.
{False galena}. See {Blende}.
Galenic \Ga*len"ic\, Galenical \Ga*len"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or containing, galena.
Galenic \Ga*len"ic\, Galenical \Ga*len"ic*al\, an. [From Galen,
the physician.]
Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating
diseases. --Dunglison.
{Galenic pharmacy}, that branch of pharmacy which relates to
the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc.,
as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.
Galenism \Ga"len*ism\, n.
The doctrines of Galen.
Galenist \Ga*len*ist\, n.
A follower of Galen.
Galenite \Ga*le"nite\, n. (Min.)
Galena; lead ore.
Gale-opithecus \Ga`le-o*pi*the"cus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a weasel
+ ? an ape.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs.
See {Colugo}.
Galericu-late \Gal`er*ic"u-late\, a. [L. galericulum, dim. of
galerum a hat or cap, fr. galea helmet.]
Covered as with a hat or cap. --Smart.
Galerite \Gal"er*ite\, n. [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F.
gal['e]rite.] (Paleon.)
A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus {Galerites}.
Galician \Ga*li"cian\, a. [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L.
Gallaecus, Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western
Spain.]
Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the
kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n. A native of Galicia in
Spain; -- called also {Gallegan}.
Galilean \Gal`i*le"an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See
{Telescope}.
Galilean \Gal`i*le"an\, a. [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee,
Gr. ?: cf. F. galil['e]en.]
Of or relating to Galilee.
Galilean \Gal`i*le"an\, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province
of Palestine under the Romans.
2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who
opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called
also {Gaulonite}.
3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by
Mohammedans and Pagans. --Byron.
Galilee \Gal"i*lee\, n. [Supposed to have been so termed in
allusion to the scriptural ``Galilee of the Gentiles.'' cf.
OF. galil['e]e.] (Arch.)
A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey
church, where the monks collected on returning from
processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment,
and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they
were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently
applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham
cathedrals. --Gwilt.
Galimatias \Gal`i*ma"tias\, n. [F.]
Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused
mixture.
Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several
countries. --Walpole.
Galingale \Gal"in*gale\, n. [See {Galangal}.] (Bot.)
A plant of the Sedge family ({Cyperus longus}) having
aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus. --Chaucer.
Meadow, set with slender galingale. --Tennyson.
Galiot \Gal"i*ot\, n. [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See {Galley}.]
(Naut.)
(a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built
mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars,
having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers.
(b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a
mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.
Galipot \Gal"i*pot\, n. [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild
pine or pitch tree.]
An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of
pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential
oil. When purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch,
or Burgundy pitch.
Gall \Gall\, n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS.
& OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr.
?, and prob. to E. yellow. ? See {Yellow}, and cf. {Choler}]
1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the
gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the
secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the
mucous membrane of the gall bladder.
2. The gall bladder.
3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.
He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail.
--Lam. iii. 5.
Comedy diverted without gall. --Dryden.
4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang]
{Gall bladder} (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the
bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the
cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.
{Gall duct}, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct,
or the hepatic duct.
{Gall sickness}, a remitting bilious fever in the
Netherlands. --Dunglison.
{Gall of the earth} (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant
with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the
{Prenanthes serpentaria}.
Gall \Gall\, n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by
insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by
small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay
their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls.
Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See {Gallnut}.
Note: The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by
insects of the genus {Cynips}, chiefly on an oak
({Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica}) of Western Asia
and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are
used in the manufacture of that article and for making
ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine.
{Gall insect} (Zo["o]l.), any insect that produces galls.
{Gall midge} (Zo["o]l.), any small dipterous insect that
produces galls.
{Gall oak}, the oak ({Quercus infectoria}) which yields the
galls of commerce.
{Gall of glass}, the neutral salt skimmed off from the
surface of melted crown glass;- called also {glass gall}
and {sandiver}. --Ure.
{Gall wasp}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Gallfly}.
Gall \Gall\, v. t. (Dyeing)
To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. --Ure.
Gall \Gall\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Galled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Galling}.] [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale
scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an
excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin.
Cf. {Gall} gallnut.]
1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the
skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by
attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall
a mast or a cable.
I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. --Shak.
2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.
They that are most galled with my folly, They most
must laugh. --Shak.
3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled
by the shot of the enemy.
In our wars against the French of old, we used to
gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance
than they could shoot their arrows. --Addison.
Gall \Gall\, v. i.
To scoff; to jeer. [R.] --Shak.
Gall \Gall\, n.
A wound in the skin made by rubbing.
Gallant \Gal"lant\, a. [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to
rejoice, akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of
German origin; cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G.
geil lascivious, akin to AS. g?l wanton, wicked, OS. g?l
merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E.
weal. See {Gala}, {Galloon}.]
1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed.
The town is built in a very gallant place. --Evelyn.
Our royal, good and gallant ship. --Shak.
2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited;
courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a
gallant officer.
That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. --Shak.
The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave.
--Waller.
Syn: {Gallant}, {Courageous}, {Brave}.
Usage: Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which
rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a
spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises
still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary
occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man
is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant
man dashes into the midst of the conflict.
Gallant \Gal*lant"\ (?; 277), a.
Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women;
chivalrous.
Gallant \Gal*lant"\ (?; 277), n.
1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young
blood. --Shak.
2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.
3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a
seducer. --Addison.
Note: In the first sense it is by some ortho["e]pists (as in
Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.
Gallant \Gal*lant"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gallanted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Gallanting}.]
1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to
the play.
2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant
a fan. [Obs.] --Addison.
Gallantly \Gal*lant"ly\, adv.
In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.
Gallantly \Gal"lant*ly\, adv.
In a gallant manner.
Gallantness \Gal"lant*ness\, n.
The quality of being gallant.
Gallantry \Gal"lant*ry\, n.; pl. {Gallantries}. [F. galanterie.]
1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic]
Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when
the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with
plates of silver. --Fuller.
2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great
gallantry.
3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bad sense,
attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from
a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to
female virtue; intrigue.
4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.]
Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy.
--Shak.
Syn: See {Courage}, and {Heroism}.
Gallate \Gal"late\ (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. gallate. See {Gall}
gallnut.] (Chem.)
A salt of gallic acid.
Gallature \Gal"la*ture\ (?; 135), n. [From L. gallus a cock.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.
Galleass \Gal"le*ass\ (?; 135), n. [F. gal['e]asse, gal['e]ace;
cf. It. galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See
{Galley}.] (Naut.)
A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as
broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern
nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See
{Galleon}, and {Galley}. [Written variously {galeas},
{gallias}, etc.]
Note: ``The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the
ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley
slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering
structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost
equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers
amidships.'' --Motley.
Gallegan \Gal*le"gan\ (g[a^]l*l[=e]"gan), Gallego \Gal*le"go\
(g[a^]l*l[=e]"g[-o] or g[.a]*ly[=a]"g[-o]), n. [Sp. Gallego.]
A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.
Gallein \Gal"le*["i]n\, n. [Pyrogallol + phthale["i]n.] (Chem.)
A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together
pyrogallic and phthalic acids.
Galleon \Gal"le*on\, n. [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL.
galeo, galio. See {Galley}.] (Naut.)
A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often
having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The
term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large
sailing vessel.
The galleons . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy
vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and
built up at stem and stern, like castles. --Motley.
Galleot \Gal"le*ot\, n. (Naut.)
See {Galiot}.
Gallery \Gal"ler*y\, n.; pl. {Galleries}. [F. galerie, It.
galleria, fr. LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal
hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr.
galer to rejoice. Cf. {Gallant}, a.]
1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a
connecting passageway, as between one room and another;
also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or
burrowing animal.
2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture
gallery; hence, also, a large or important collection of
paintings, sculptures, etc.
3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides
of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported
by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be
occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed
merely to increase the capacity of the hall.
4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern
or quarter of a ship, and hence called {stern gallery} or
{quarter gallery}, -- seldom found in vessels built since
1850.
5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as
well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a
defensive gallery.
6. (Mining) A working drift or level.
{Whispering gallery}. See under {Whispering}.
Galletyle \Gal"le*tyle\, n. [OE. gallytile. Cf. {Gallipot}.]
A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] ``The substance
of galletyle.`` --Bacon.
Galley \Gal"ley\, n.; pl. {Galleys}. [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF.
galie, gal['e]e, LL. galea, LGr. ?; of unknown origin.]
1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts
and sails or not; as:
(a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; --
common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th
century.
(b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other
ancient vessels propelled by oars.
(c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse
officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure.
(d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war.
Note: The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one
hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty
oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged
with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and
a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and
was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons,
galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys
were all modifications of this type.
2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel;
-- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.
3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of
retorts; a gallery furnace.
4. [F. gal['e]e; the same word as E. galley a vessel.]
(Print.)
(a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides,
for holding type which has been set, or is to be made
up, etc.
(b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a
galley proof.
{Galley slave}, a person condemned, often as a punishment for
crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. ``To toil
like a galley slave.'' --Macaulay.
{Galley slice} (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large
galley. --Knight.
Galley-bird \Gal"ley-bird`\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo["o]l.)
The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker.
[Prov. Eng.]
Galley-worm \Gal"ley-worm`\, n. [Prob. so called because the
numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars
of a galley.] (Zo["o]l.)
A chilognath myriapod of the genus {Iulus}, and allied
genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a
milliped or ``thousand legs.'' See {Chilognatha}.
Gallfly \Gall"fly`\, n.; pl. {Gallflies}. (Zo["o]l.)
An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions
galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus {Cynips} and
allied genera. See Illust. of {Gall}.
Gallyambic \Gal`ly*am"bic\, a. [L. galliambus a song used by the
priests of Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) +
iambus] (Pros.)
Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of
which lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.
Gallian \Gal"li*an\, a. [See {Gallic}.]
Gallic; French. [Obs.] --Shak.
Galliard \Gal"liard\, a. [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic
origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl,
wanton, lascivious.]
Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]
Galliard \Gal"liard\, n.
A brisk, gay man. [Obs.]
Selden is a galliard by himself. --Cleveland.
Galliard \Gal"liard\, n. [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See
{Galliard}, a.]
A gay, lively dance. Cf. {Gailliarde}.
Never a hall such a galliard did grace. --Sir. W.
Scott.
Galliardise \Gal`liard*ise\, n. [F. gaillardise. See {Galliard},
a.]
Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.]
The mirth and galliardise of company. --Sir. T.
Browne.
Galliardness \Gal"liard*ness\, n.
Gayety. [Obs.] --Gayton.
Galliass \Gal"li*ass\, n.
Same as {Galleass}.
Gallic \Gal"lic\, a. [From {Gallium}.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.
Gallic \Gal"lic\ (277), a. [From {Gall} the excrescence.]
Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the
like.
{Gallic acid} (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely
distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the
free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially.
It is a white, crystalline substance, {C6H2(HO)3.CO2H},
with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent,
as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from
tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts,
forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the
essential ingredients of common black ink.
Gallic \Gal"lic\, a. [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr.
Galli the Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.]
Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.
Gallican \Gal"li*can\, a. [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.]
Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the
Gallican church or clergy.
Gallican \Gal"li*can\, n.
An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. --Shipley.
Gallicanism \Gal"li*can*ism\, n.
The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the
Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to
restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the
power of the national church. --Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Gallicism \Gal"li*cism\, n. [F. gallicisme.]
A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom;
also, in general, a French mode or custom.
Gallicize \Gal"li*cize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gallicized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gallicizing}.]
To conform to the French mode or idiom.
Gallied \Gal"lied\, p. p. & a. (Naut.)
Worried; flurried; frightened. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Galliform \Gal"li*form\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Like the Gallinae (or {Galliformes}) in structure.
Galligaskins \Gal`li*gas"kins\, n. pl. [Prob. corrupted fr. It.
Grechesco Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in
Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with Gascony, as
if they came from Gascony.]
Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used
loosely and often in a jocose sense.
Gallimatia \Gal`li*ma"ti*a\ (? or ?), n.
Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See {Galimatias}.
Gallimaufry \Gal`li*mau"fry\, n.; pl. {Gallimaufries}. [F.
galimafr['e]e a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different
meats.]
1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.
Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced
meat. --King.
2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.
The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry
made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish.
--South.
Gallin \Gal"lin\, n. (Chem.)
A substance obtained by the reduction of galle["i]n.
Gallinaceae \Gal"li*nace*ae\, n. pl. [NL. See {Gallinaceous}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Gallinae}.
Gallinacean \Gal`li*na"cean\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.
Gallinaceous \Gal`li*na"ceous\, a.[L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina
hen, fr. gallus cock.] (Zo["o]l.)
Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining
to the Gallinae.
Gallinae \Gal*li"nae\, n.; pl. [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen,
gallus a cock.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls,
pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes
called {{Rasores}}.
Galling \Gall"ing\, a.
Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. --
{Gall"ing*ly}, adv.
Gallinipper \Gal"li*nip`per\, n.
A large mosquito.
Gallinule \Gal"li*nule\, n. [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of
gallina hen: cf. F. gallinule.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a
frontal shield, belonging to the family {Rallidae}. They are
remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating
plants. The purple gallinule of America is {Ionornis
Martinica}, that of the Old World is {Porphyrio porphyrio}.
The common European gallinule ({Gallinula chloropus}) is also
called {moor hen}, {water hen}, {water rail}, {moor coot},
{night bird}, and erroneously {dabchick}. Closely related to
it is the Florida gallinule ({Gallinula galeata}).
Note: The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was
formerly believed to be able to detect and report
adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly
domesticated by the ancients.
Galliot \Gal"li*ot\, n.
See {Galiot}.
Gallipoli oil \Gal*lip"o*li oil`\
An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in
Italy.
Gallipot \Gal"li*pot\, n. [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part
of which is possibly akin to E. glad. See {Glad}, and {Pot}.]
A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and
apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.
Gallium \Gal"li*um\, n. [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.)
A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is
white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and
remarcable for its low melting point (86? F., 30?C). Symbol
Ga. Atomic weight 69.9.
Note: The element was predicted with most of its properties,
under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist
Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This
prediction was verified in its discovery by the French
chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic
spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a
zinc blende from the Pyrenees.
Gallivant \Gal"li*vant\, v. i. [From {Gallant}.]
To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam
about for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang]
--Dickens.
Gallivat \Gal"li*vat\, n.[Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot,
galley.] (Naut.)
A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the
Malabar coast. --A. Chalmers.
Galliwasp \Gal"li*wasp`\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo["o]l.)
A West Indian lizard ({Celestus occiduus}), about a foot
long, imagined by the natives to be venomous.
Gallnut \Gall"nut`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various
species of the oak tree. See {Gall}, and {Nutgall}.
Gallomania \Gal`lo*ma"ni*a\, n. [L. Galli Gauls + mania
madness.]
An excessive admiration of what is French. --
{Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac}, n.
Gallon \Gal"lon\, n. [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr.
galum a liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. {Gill} a
measure.]
A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for
the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry
measure.
Note: The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231
cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled
water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at
30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a
cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in
height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon.
The beer gallon, now little used in the United States,
contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon
contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at
62? of Fahrenheit, and barometer at 30 inches, equal to
277.274 cubic inches.
Galloon \Gal*loon"\, n. [From F. or Sp. galon. See {Gala}. ]
1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes,
etc., -- sometimes made ornamental.
2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as
gold lace.
Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering
gewgaws. --Addison.
Gallooned \Gal*looned`\, a.
Furnished or adorned with galloon.
Gallop \Gal"lop\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Galloped}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Galloping}.] [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin;
cf. assumed Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS.
gehle['a]pan to leap, dance, fr. root of E. leap, and a
prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See {Leap}, and cf. 1st
{Wallop}.]
1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to
go at a gallop; to run or move with speed.
But gallop lively down the western hill. --Donne.
2. To ride a horse at a gallop.
3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty
examination.
Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping
over it. --Locke.
Gallop \Gal"lop\, v. t.
To cause to gallop.
Gallop \Gal"lop\, n. [Cf. F. galop. See {Gallop}, v. i., and cf.
{Galop}.]
A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by
lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in
successive leaps or bounds.
{Hand gallop}, a slow or gentle gallop.
Gallopade \Gal"lo*pade`\, n. [F. galopade. See {Gallop}, n.]
1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.
2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.
Gallopade \Gal`lo*pade"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gallopaded}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gallopading}.]
1. To gallop, as on horseback.
2. To perform the dance called gallopade.
Galloper \Gal"lop*er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, gallops.
2. (Mil.) A carriage on which very small guns were formerly
mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber.
--Farrow.
{Galloper gun}, a light gun, supported on a galloper, --
formerly attached to British infantry regiments.
Gallopin \Gal"lo*pin\, n.[F. galopin. See {Gallop}, v. i.]
An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand
boy. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
Galloping \Gal"lop*ing\, a.
Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping
horse.
Gallotannic \Gal`lo*tan"nic\, a. [Gall nutgall + tannic.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls.
{Gallotannic acid}. See {Tannic acid}, under {Tannic}.
Gallow \Gal"low\, v. t. [Cf. AS. [=a]gelwan to stupefy.]
To fright or terrify. See {Gally}, v. t. [Obs.] --Shak.
Galloway \Gal"lo*way\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; --
called also {garran}, and {garron}.
Gallowglass \Gal"low*glass`\, n. [Ir. galloglach. Cf. {Gillie}.]
A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles
in the time of Edward ? --Shak.
Gallows \Gal"lows\, n. sing.; pl. {Gallowses}or {Gallows}. [OE.
galwes, pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D.
galg gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. g[=a]lgi,
Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a cross. Etymologically and
historically considered, gallows is a noun in the plural
number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded
by a; as, a gallows.]
1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which
criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of
two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like
frame for suspending anything.
So they hanged Haman on the gallows. --Esther vii.
10.
If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows. --Shak.
O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses?
--Shak.
2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] --Shak.
3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when raised.
4. pl. A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.]
{Gallows bird}, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.]
{Gallows bitts} (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships
on deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also
{gallows}, {gallows top}, {gallows frame}, etc.
{Gallows frame}.
(a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine.
(b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts.
{Gallows}, or
{Gallow tree}, the gallows.
At length him nail['e]d on a gallow tree. --Spenser.
Gallstone \Gall"stone`\, n.
A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or
biliary passages. See {Calculus}, n., 1.
Gally \Gal"ly\, v. t. [See {Gallow}, v. t.]
To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --T. Brown.
Gally \Gall"y\, a.
Like gall; bitter as gall. --Cranmer.
Gally \Gal"ly\, n.
See {Galley}, n., 4.
Gallygaskins \Gal`ly*gas"kins\, n. pl.
See {Galligaskins}.
Galoche \Ga*loche"\, Galoshe \Ga*loshe"\, [OE. galoche, galache,
galage, shoe, F. galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L.
gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or
shoe with a wooden sole, Gr. ?, dim. of ?, ?, a shoemaker's
last; ? wood + ? foot.]
1. A clog or patten. [Obs.]
Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche.
--Chaucer.
2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.
3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe
and part of the leg.
Galoot \Ga*loot"\, n.
A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U.
S.]
Galop \Gal"op\, n. [F.] (Mus.)
A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the
dance.
Galore \Ga*lore"\, n. & a. [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr.
Gael. gu le[`o]r, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix +
le[`o]r, le[`o]ir, enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.]
Plenty; abundance; in abundance.
Galoshe \Ga*loshe"\, n.
Same as {Galoche}.
Galpe \Galpe\, v. i.
To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Galsome \Gal"some\, a. [Gall bitterness + some.]
Angry; malignant. [Obs.] --Bp. Morton.
Galt \Galt\, n. [See {Gault}.]
Same as {Gault}.
Galvanic \Gal*van"ic\, a. [From Galvani, a professor of
physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about
1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity:
cf. F. galvanique.]
Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of,
galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents.
{Galvanic battery} (Elec.), an apparatus for generating
electrical currents by the mutual action of certain
liquids and metals; -- now usually called {voltaic
battery}. See {Battery}.
{Galvanic} {circuit or circle}. (Elec.) See under {Circuit}.
{Galvanic pile} (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under
{Voltaic}.
Galvanism \Gal"va*nism\, n. [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme.
See {Galvanic}.] (Physics)
(a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain
liquids and metals; dynamical electricity.
(b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical
elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical
currents.
Note: The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very
general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter,
voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used.
Galvanist \Gal"va*nist\, n.
One versed in galvanism.
Galvanization \Gal"va*niza`tion\, n.
The act of process of galvanizing.
Galvanize \Gal"va*nize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Galvanized}; p pr.
& vb. n. {Galvanizing}.] [Cf. F. galvaniser.]
1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of
electrical currents.
2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of
electricity.
3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a
state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or
excite to a factitious animation or activity.
4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See {Galvanized iron}.
{Galvanized iron}, formerly, iron coated with zink by
electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with
zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its
surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of
dilute acid.
Galvanizer \Gal"va*ni`zer\, n.
One who, or that which, galvanize.
Galvanocaustic \Gal*van`o*caus"tic\, a. [Galvanic + caustic.]
Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially
in medicine.
Galvanocautery \Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y\, n. (Med.)
Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage
of a galvanic current.
Galvanoglyphy \Gal`va*nog"ly*phy\, n. [Galvanic + Gr. ? to
engrave.]
Same as {Glyphography}.
Galvanograph \Gal*van"o*graph\, n. [Galvanic + -graph.]
(Engraving)
A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also,
a picture printed from such a plate.
Galvanographic \Gal*van`o*graph"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to galvanography.
Galvanography \Gal`va*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Galvanic + -graphy.]
1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity;
electrotypy.
2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process
(without etching) copperplates which can be printed from
in the same manner as engraved plates.
Galvanologist \Gal`va*nol"o*gist\, n.
One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on
galvanism.
Galvanology \Gal`va*nol"o*gy\n. [Galvanic + -logy.]
A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.
Galvanometer \Gal`va*nom"e*ter\, n. [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F.
galvanom[`e]tre.] (Elec.)
An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an
electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic
needle.
{Differential galvanometer}. See under {Differental}, a.
{Sine galvanometer}, {Cosine galvanometer}, {Tangent
galvanometer} (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine,
cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through
which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the
strength of the current passed through the instrument.
Galvanometric \Gal*van`o*met"ric\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.
Galvanometry \Gal`va*nom"e*try\, n.
The art or process of measuring the force of electric
currents.
Galvanoplastic \Gal*van`o*plas"tic\, a. [Galvanic + -plastic.]
Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping;
employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic
deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the
like.
Galvanoplasty \Gal*van"o*plas`ty\, n. [Cf. F. galanoplastie.]
The art or process of electrotypy.
Galvanopuncture \Gal*van`o*punc"ture\, n. (Med.)
Same as {Electro-puncture}.
Galvanoscope \Gal*van`o*scope\, n. [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F.
galvanoscope.] (Elec.)
An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of
electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble
intensity.
Galvanoscopic \Gal*van`o*scop"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.
Galvanoscopy \Gal`va*nos"co*py\, n. (Physiol.)
The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.
Galvanotonus \Gal`va*not"o*nus\, n. [NL., fr. E. galvanic + Gr.
? to tone.] (Physiol.)
Same as {Electrotonus}.
Galvanotropism \Gal`va*not"ro*pism\, n. [Galvanic + Gr. ? to
turn.] (Bot.)
The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a
galvanic current.
Galwes \Gal"wes\, n.
Gallows. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gama grass \Ga"ma grass`\ [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive
Islands.] (Bot.)
A species of grass ({Tripsacum dactyloides}) tall, stout, and
exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies,
Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage
grass; -- called also {sesame grass}.
Gamashes \Ga*mash"es\, n. pl. [F. gamaches.]
High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or
riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.
Gamba \Gam"ba\, n.
A viola da gamba.
Gambadoes \Gam*ba"does\, n. pl. [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See
{Gambol}, n.]
Same as {Gamashes}.
His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at
the side with rusty clasps. --Sir W.
Scott.
Gambeson \Gam"be*son\, n.
Same as {Gambison}.
Gambet \Gam"bet\, n. [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See {Tattler}.
Gambier \Gam"bier\, n. [Malayan.]
(a) The inspissated juice of a plant ({Uncaria Gambir})
growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and,
under the name of {Terra Japonica}, is used for chewing
with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and
dyeing.
(b) Catechu. [Written also {gambeer} and {gambir}.]
Gambison \Gam"bi*son\, n. [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais,
wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet,
fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See {Womb}.]
A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of
cloth stuffed and quilted.
Gambist \Gam"bist\, n. [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.)
A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under {Viola}.
Gambit \Gam"bit\, n. [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a
tripping up. See {Gambol}, n.] (Chess Playing)
A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to
gain an attacking position.
Gamble \Gam"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gambled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gambling}.] [Dim. of game. See 2d {Game}.]
To play or game for money or other stake.
Gamble \Gamble\, v. t.
To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away.
``Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their
estates.'' --Ames.
Gambler \Gam"bler\, n.
One who gambles.
Gamboge \Gam*boge"\, n.
A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species
of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in
masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, --
whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact
texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally,
it is a strong and harsh cathartic and emetic. [Written also
{camboge}.]
Note: There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived
from species of {Garcinia}, a genus of trees of the
order {Guttifer[ae]}. The best Siam gamboge is thought
to come from {Garcinia Hanburii}. Ceylon gamboge is
from {G. Morella}. {G. pictoria}, of Western India,
yields {gamboge}, and also a kind of oil called
{gamboge butter}.
Gambogian \Gam*bo"gi*an\, Gambogic \Gambogic\, a.
Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.
Gambol \Gam"bol\ (g[a^]m"b[o^]l), n. [OE. gambolde, gambaulde,
F. gambade, gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg,
akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or
perh. joint: cf. Gr. kamph` a binding, winding, W., Ir. &
Gael. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller
to kick about. Cf. {Jamb}, n., {Gammon} ham, {Gambadoes}.]
A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive
prank. --Dryden.
Gambol \Gam"bol\ v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gamboled}, or {Gambolled};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Gamboling} or {Gambolling}.]
To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play
in frolic, like boys or lambs.
Gambrel \Gam"brel\, n. [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf.
{Cambrel}, {Chambrel}, and see {Gambol}. n.]
1. The hind leg of a horse.
2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used by
butchers in suspending slaughtered animals.
{Gambrel roof} (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section
in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and
flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.
Gambrel \Gam"brel\ v. t.
To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. --Beau. & Fl.
Gambroon \Gam*broon"\, n.
A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. --Simmonds.
Game \Game\, a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.]
Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.]
Game \Game\, n. [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport;
akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth,
merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. {Gammon} a game,
{Backgammon}, {Gamble} v. i.]
1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic.
We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game.
--Shak.
2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules,
for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a
game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc.
But war's a game, which, were their subject wise,
Kings would not play at. --Cowper.
Note: Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans,
there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of
strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the
government, usually accompanied with religious
ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the
Nemean, and the Isthmian games.
3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at
play; a single contest; as, a game at cards.
Talk the game o'er between the deal. --Lloyd.
4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the
number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a
game; as, in short whist five points are game.
5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the
score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.
6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or
purpose; method of procedure; projected line of
operations; plan; project.
Your murderous game is nearly up. --Blackw. Mag.
It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the
greatest literary champion of the cause he had set
himself to attack. --Saintsbury.
7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats
designed for, or served at, table.
Those species of animals . . . distinguished from
the rest by the well-known appellation of game.
--Blackstone.
{Confidence game}. See under {Confidence}.
{To make game of}, to make sport of; to mock. --Milton.
Game \Game\, a.
1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock;
ready to fight to the last; plucky.
I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought
even to the death. --W. Irving.
2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game,
or to the act or practice of hunting.
{Game bag}, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game
captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken.
{Game bird}, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse,
partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore
or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew,
and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily
restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and
guns.
{Game egg}, an egg producing a gamecock.
{Game laws}, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking
game for food or for sport.
{Game preserver}, a land owner who regulates the killing of
game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.]
{To be game}.
(a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit.
(b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.]
{To die game}, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the
last; to die fighting.
Game \Game\ (g[=a]m), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gamed} (g[=a]md); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gaming}.] [OE. gamen, game?en, to rejoice, AS.
gamenian to play. See {Game}, n.]
1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English,
impersonally with dative. [Obs.]
God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle
times, though him gamed or smarte. --Chaucer.
2. To play at any sport or diversion.
3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice,
billiards, or other instruments, according to certain
rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon
the issue of the contest; to gamble.
Gamecock \Game"cock`\ (-k[o^]k`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The male game fowl.
Game fowl \Game" fowl`\ (-foul`). (Zo["o]l.)
A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great
courage and pugnacity of the males.
Gameful \Game"ful\ (-f[.u]l), a.
Full of game or games.
Gamekeeper \Game"keep`er\ (-k[=e]p`[~e]r), n.
One who has the care of game, especially in a park or
preserve. --Blackstone.
Gameless \Game"less\, a.
Destitute of game.
Gamely \Game"ly\, adv.
In a plucky manner; spiritedly.
Gameness \Game"ness\, n.
Endurance; pluck.
Gamesome \Game"some\, a.
Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. --Shak.
Gladness of the gamesome crowd. --Byron.
-- {Game"some*ly}, adv. -- {Game"some*ness}, n.
Gamester \Game"ster\, n. [Game + -ster.]
1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play
for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.
When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the
gentlest gamester is the soonest winner. --Shak.
3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] --Shak.
Gamic \Gam"ic\, a. [Gr. ? marriage.] (Biol.)
Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed
by the union of the male and female elements.
Gamin \Gam"in\, n. [F.]
A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab.
In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at
the Chinaman.' --L. Oliphant.
Gaming \Gam"ing\, n.
The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers;
gambling.
Gamma \Gam"ma\, n.
The third letter ([Gamma], [gamma] = Eng. G) of the Greek
alphabet.
Gammadion \Gam*ma"di*on\, n.
A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a
mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See
{Fylfot}.
Gammer \Gam"mer\ (g[a^]m"m[~e]r), n. [Possibly contr. fr.
godmother; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother. Cf.
{Gaffer}.]
An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of {gaffer}, an old
man.
Gammon \Gam"mon\ (-m[u^]n), n. [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF.
gambe leg, F. jambe. See {Gambol}, n., and cf. {Ham}.]
The buttock or thigh of a hog, salted and smoked or dried;
the lower end of a flitch. --Goldsmith.
Gammon \Gam"mon\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gammoned} (-m[u^]nd); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gammoning}.]
To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke. [1913 Webster]
Gammon \Gam"mon\, n. [See 2d {Game}.]
1. Backgammon.
2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]
Gammon \Gam"mon\, v. t.
1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist
has been able to get his ``men'' or counters home and
withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a
person.
2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] --Hood.
Gammon \Gam"mon\, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)
To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of
rope or chain, or by a band of iron. --Totten.
Gammoning \Gam"mon*ing\, n. [From 5th {Gammon}.] (Naut.)
The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is
secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the
forestays.
{Gammoning fashion}, in the style of gammoning lashing, that
is, having the turns of rope crossed.
{Gammoning hole} (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the
head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the
bowsprit.
Gammoning \Gam"mon*ing\, n. [From 4th {Gammon}.]
The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.]
Gamogenesis \Gam`o*gen"e*sis\, n. [Gr. ? marriage + E. genesis.]
(Biol.)
The production of offspring by the union of parents of
different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of
agamogenesis.
Gamogenetic \Gam`o*ge*net"ic\, a. (Biol.)
Relating to gamogenesis. -- {Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Gamomorphism \Gam`o*mor"phism\, n. [Gr. ? marriage + ? form,
shape.] (Biol.)
That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which
the reproductive elements are generated and matured in
preparation for propagating the species.
Gamopetalous \Gam`o*pet"al*ous\, a. [Gr. ? marriage + E.
petalous: cf. F. gamop['e]tale.] (Bot.)
Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or
cup; monopetalous.
Gamophyllous \Ga*moph"yl*lous\, a. [Gr. ? marriage + ? leaf.]
(Bot.)
Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent).
--Gray.
Gamosepalous \Gam`o*sep"al*ous\, a. [Gr. ? marriage + E. sepal.]
(Bot.)
Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.
Gamut \Gam"ut\, n. [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F.
gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter ?, which was used
by Guido d'Arezzo to represent the first note of his model
scale. See {Gamma}, and {Ut}.] (Mus.)
The scale.
Gamy \Gam"y\, a.
1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept
uncooked till near the condition of tainting;
high-flavored.
2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last;
plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout.
Gan \Gan\, imp. of {Gin}. [See {Gin}, v.]
Began; commenced.
Note: Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form
compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan
regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually
denoted by gunne or gonne.
This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great
suspicion. --Chaucer.
The little coines to their play gunne hie (i. e.,
hied). --Chaucer.
Note: Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.
Yet at her speech their rages gan relent.
--Spenser.
Ganch \Ganch\, v. t. [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho
hook, It. gancio.]
To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the
Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.
Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks,
and there to hang until they die. --Sandys.
Gander \Gan"der\, n. [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G.
gander, ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See {Goose}.]
The male of any species of goose.
Gane \Gane\, v. i. [See {Yawn}.]
To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ganesa \Ga*ne"sa\, n. (Hind. Myth.)
The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.
Note: He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man,
with a large belly and the head of an elephant.
--Balfour.
Gang \Gang\, v. i. [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel.
ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. ?engti to walk, Skr. ja?gha
leg. [root]48. Cf. {Go}.]
To go; to walk.
Note: Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the
North of England, and also in Scotland.
Gang \Gang\, n. [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G.,
& Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See {Gang}, v.
i.]
1. A going; a course. [Obs.]
2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number
of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of
laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of
sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves.
3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by
acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang
of saws, or of plows.
4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang
of stays.
5. [Cf. {Gangue}.] (Mining) The mineral substance which
incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue.
{Gang board}, or {Gang plank}. (Naut.)
(a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a
bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel.
(b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's
waist, for the sentinel to walk on.
{Gang cask}, a small cask in which to bring water aboard
ships or in which it is kept on deck.
{Gang cultivator}, {Gang plow}, a cultivator or plow in which
several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make
two or more furrows at the same time.
{Gang days}, Rogation days; the time of perambulating
parishes. See {Gang week} (below).
{Gang drill}, a drilling machine having a number of drills
driven from a common shaft.
{Gang master}, a master or employer of a gang of workmen.
{Gang plank}. See {Gang board} (above).
{Gang plow}. See {Gang cultivator} (above).
{Gang press}, a press for operating upon a pile or row of
objects separated by intervening plates.
{Gang saw}, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang
of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed
distances apart.
{Gang tide}. See {Gang week} (below).
{Gang tooth}, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
{Gang week}, Rogation week, when formerly processions were
made to survey the bounds of parishes. --Halliwell.
{Live gang}, or {Round gang}, the Western and the Eastern
names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the
round log into boards at one operation. --Knight.
{Slabbing gang}, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from
two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick
beam.
Ganger \Gang"er\, n.
One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] --Mayhew.
Gangetic \Gan*get"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic
shark.
Gang-flower \Gang"-flow`er\, n. (Bot.)
The common English milkwort ({Polygala vulgaris}), so called
from blossoming in gang week. --Dr. Prior.
Gangion \Gan"gion\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A short line attached to a trawl. See {Trawl}, n.
Gangliac \Gan"gli*ac\, Ganglial \Gan"gli*al\, a. (Anat.)
Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.
Gangliate \Gan"gli*ate\, Gangliated \Gan"gli*a`ted\, a. (Anat.)
Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the
sympathetic nervous system.
Gangliform \Gan"gli*form`\, Ganglioform \Gan"gli*o*form`\, a.
[Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.)
Having the form of a ganglion.
Ganglion \Gan"gli*on\, n.; pl. L. {Ganglia}, E. {Ganglions}. [L.
ganglion a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the
skin, Gr. ?: cf. F. ganglion.]
1. (Anat.)
(a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve
cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of
a nerve.
(b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a
lymphatic ganglion.
2. (Med.) A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated
somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion
of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also {weeping sinew}.
{Ganglion cell}, a nerve cell. See Illust. under {Bipolar}.
Ganglionary \Gan"gli*on*a*ry\, a. [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.]
(Anat.)
Ganglionic.
Ganglionic \Gan`gli*on"ic\, a. [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or
ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic
columns of the spinal cord.
Gangrel \Gan"grel\, a. [Cf. {Gang}, v. i.]
Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Gangrenate \Gan"gre*nate\, v. t.
To gangrene. [Obs.]
Gangrene \Gan"grene\, n. [F. gangr[`e]ne, L. gangraena, fr. Gr.
?, fr. ? to gnaw, eat; cf. Skr. gras, gar, to devour, and E.
voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.)
A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft
tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete
loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the
soft parts in any stage.
Gangrene \Gan"grene\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Gangrened}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gangrening}.] [Cf. F. gangr['e]ner.]
To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.
Gangrenescent \Gan`gre*nes"cent\, a.
Tending to mortification or gangrene.
Gangrenous \Gan"gre*nous\, a. [Cf. F. gangr['e]neux.]
Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of
gangrene.
Gangue \Gangue\, n. [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a
passage. See {Gang}, n.] (Mining)
The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.
Gangway \Gang"way`\, n. [See {Gang}, v. i.]
1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp.,
a temporary way of access formed of planks.
2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the
house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly
either with the government or with the opposition.
3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by
which persons enter or leave it.
4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each
side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the
forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. --Totten.
{Gangway ladder}, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at
the gangway.
{To bring to the gangway}, to punish (a seaman) by flogging
him at the gangway.
Ganil \Gan"il\, n. [F.]
A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] --Kirwan.
Ganister \Gan"is*ter\, Gannister \Gan"nis*ter\, n. (Mech.)
A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground
siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining
Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.
Ganja \Gan"ja\, n. [Hind. g[=a]njh[=a].]
The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is
extremely narcotic and intoxicating.
Gannet \Gan"net\, n. [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a
fen duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See {Gander},
{Goose}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of sea birds of the genus {Sula},
allied to the pelicans.
Note: The common gannet of Europe and America ({S. bassana}),
is also called {solan goose}, {chandel goose}, and
{gentleman}. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly
called gannet.
{Booby gannet}. See {Sula}.
Ganocephala \Gan`o*ceph"a*la\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? brightness
+ ? head.] (Paleon.)
A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts,
having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in
some ganoid fishes.
Ganocephalous \Gan`o*ceph"a*lous\, a. (Paleon.)
Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.
Ganoid \Ga"noid\, a. [Gr. ? brightness + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the Ganoidei.
{Ganoid scale} (Zo["o]l.), one kind of scales of the ganoid
fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer
layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to
form a coat of mail.
Ganoidal \Ga*noid"al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Ganoid.
Ganoidei \Ga*noi"de*i\, n. pl. [NL. See {Ganoid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone
and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves
united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with
bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid
scales.
Note: They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in
early geological periods; but they are represented by
comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit
fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir,
Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.
Ganoidian \Ga*noid"i*an\, a. & n. (Zo["o]l.)
Ganoid.
Ganoine \Ga"no*ine\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.
Gansa \Gan"sa\, n.
Same as {Ganza}. --Bp. Hall.
Gantlet \Gant"let\, n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope;
gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down
a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to
l["o]pa to run. See {Gate} a way, and {Leap}.]
A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender
was made to run between two files of men facing one another,
who struck him as he passed.
{To run the gantlet}, to suffer the punishment of the
gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe
criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands.
Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights.
--Palfrey.
Note: Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.
Gantlet \Gant"let\, n.
A glove. See {Gauntlet}.
Gantline \Gant"line`\, n.
A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a
girtline.
Gantlope \Gant"lope`\, n.
See {Gantlet}. [Obs.]
Gantry \Gan"try\, n.
See {Gauntree}.
Ganza \Gan"za\, n. [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin.
See {Gannet}, {Goose}.]
A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was
fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also {gansa}.]
--Johnson.
Gaol \Gaol\, n. [See {Jail}.]
A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or
provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the
United States usually, written {jail}.]
{Commission of general gaol delivery}, an authority conferred
upon judges and others included in it, for trying and
delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon
their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and
for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict.
[Eng.]
{Gaol delivery}. (Law) See {Jail delivery}, under {Jail}.
Gaoler \Gaol"er\, n.
The keeper of a jail. See {Jailer}.
Gap \Gap\, n. [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap
mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap
expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See {Gape}.]
An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap
in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening
which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a
hiatus; a mountain pass.
Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. --Knolles.
It would make a great gap in your own honor. --Shak.
{Gap lathe} (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the
bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter.
{To stand in the gap}, to expose one's self for the
protection of something; to make defense against any
assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender
or supporter.
{To stop a gap}, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.
Gap \Gap\, v. t.
1. To notch, as a sword or knife.
2. To make an opening in; to breach.
Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. --Tennyson.
Gape \Gape\ (?; in Eng, commonly ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Gaped} (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n. {Gaping}] [OE. gapen, AS.
geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. &
Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the
mouth. Cf. {Gaby}, {Gap}.]
1. To open the mouth wide; as:
(a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape.
--Dryden.
(b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.
She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks
if it be time to rise. --Swift.
(c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment,
expectation, etc.
With gaping wonderment had stared aghast.
--Byron.
(d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome.
They have gaped upon me with their mouth. --Job
xvi. 10.
2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or
hiatus.
May that ground gape and swallow me alive! --Shak.
3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with
for, after, or at.
The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes.
--Denham.
Syn: To gaze; stare; yawn. See {Gaze}.
Gape \Gape\, n.
1. The act of gaping; a yawn. --Addison.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of
birds, fishes, etc.
The gapes \The gapes\
(a) A fit of yawning.
(b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended
with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode
worm ({Syngamus trachealis}), in the windpipe, which
obstructs the breathing. See {Gapeworm}.
Gaper \Gap"er\, n.
1. One who gapes.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A European fish. See 4th {Comber}.
(b) A large edible clam ({Schizoth[ae]rus Nuttalli}), of
the Pacific coast; -- called also {gaper clam}.
(c) An East Indian bird of the genus {Cymbirhynchus},
related to the broadbills.
Gapeseed \Gape"seed`\, n.
Any strange sight. --Wright.
Gapesing \Gapes"ing\ (? or ?), n.
Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]
Gapeworm \Gape"worm`\ (? or ?), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Gapingstock \Gap"ing*stock`\ (? or ?), n.
One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.
I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young
volunteers. --Godwin.
Gap-toothed \Gap"-toothed`\, a.
Having interstices between the teeth. --Dryden.
Gar \Gar\, n. [Prob. AS. g[=a]r dart, spear, lance. The name is
applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body
and pointed head. Cf. {Goad}, {Gore}, v.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any slender marine fish of the genera {Belone} and
{Tylosurus}. See {Garfish}.
(b) The gar pike. See {Alligator gar} (under {Alligator}),
and {Gar pike}.
{Gar pike}, or {Garpike} (Zo["o]l.), a large, elongated
ganoid fish of the genus {Lepidosteus}, of several
species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and
tropical America.
Gar \Gar\, v. t. [Of Scand. origin. See {Gear}, n.]
To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] --Spenser.
Garancin \Gar"an*cin\ (?; 104), n. [F. garance madder, LL.
garantia.] (Chem.)
An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists
essentially of alizarin.
Garb \Garb\, n. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament,
fr. OHG. garaw[=i], garw[=i], ornament, dress. akin to E.
gear. See {Gear}, n.]
1.
(a) Clothing in general.
(b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person,
especially when indicating rank or office; as, the
garb of a clergyman or a judge.
(c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the
16th century.
2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or
character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech.
You thought, because he could not speak English in
the native garb, he could not therefore handle an
English cudgel. --Shak.
Garb \Garb\, n. [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe;
cf. Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.)
A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).
Garb \Garb\, v. t.
To clothe; array; deck.
These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely.
--Tennyson.
Garbage \Gar"bage\ (?; 48), n. [OE. also garbash, perh. orig.,
that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make
fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E.
garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF.
garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.]
Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or
vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless,
disgusting, or loathsome. --Grainger.
Garbage \Gar"bage\, v. t.
To strip of the bowels; to clean. ``Pilchards . . . are
garbaged.'' --Holland.
Garbed \Garbed\, a.
Dressed; habited; clad.
Garbel \Gar"bel\, n. (Naut.)
Same as {Garboard}.
Garbel \Gar"bel\, n. [Cf. {Garble}, v. t.]
Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been
taken. [Obs.]
Garble \Gar"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Garbled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Garbling}.] [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for
garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL.
garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a
coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to
cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. {Discern}); or perh. rather
from Ar. gharb[=a]l, gharbil, sieve.]
1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of
from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt;
as, to garble spices. [Obs.]
2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to
mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble
an account.
Garble \Gar"ble\, n.
1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] --Wolcott.
2. pl. Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also
called {garblings}.
Garbler \Gar"bler\, n.
One who garbles.
Garboard \Gar"board\, n. (Naut.)
One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a
garboard strake.
{Garboard strake} or {streak}, the first range or strake of
planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. --Totten.
Garboil \Gar"boil\, n. [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It.
garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L.
bullire to boil, E. boil.]
Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] --Shak.
Garcinia \Gar*cin"i*a\, n. [NL.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree ({Garcinia
Mangostana}), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago;
-- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.
Gard \Gard\, n. [See {Garde}, {Yard}]
Garden. [Obs.] ``Trees of the gard.'' --F. Beaumont.
Gard \Gard\, v. & n.
See {Guard}.
Gardant \Gar"dant\, a. [F. See {Guardant}.] (Her.)
Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; --
said of a lion or other beast.
Garden \Gar"den\ (g[aum]r"d'n; 277), n. [OE. gardin, OF. gardin,
jardin, F. jardin, of German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G.
garten; akin to AS. geard. See {Yard} an inclosure.]
1. A piece of ground appropriated to the cultivation of
herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.
2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.
I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant
garden of great Italy. --Shak.
Note: Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining
compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden
walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse.
{Garden balsam}, an ornamental plant ({Impatiens Balsamina}).
{Garden engine}, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering
gardens.
{Garden glass}.
(a) A bell glass for covering plants.
(b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal,
to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an
ornament in gardens in Germany.
{Garden house}
(a) A summer house. --Beau. & Fl.
(b) A privy. [Southern U.S.]
{Garden husbandry}, the raising on a small scale of seeds,
fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale.
{Garden} {mold or mould}, rich, mellow earth which is fit for
a garden. --Mortimer.
{Garden nail}, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick
walls. --Knight.
{Garden net}, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc.,
to protect them from birds.
{Garden party}, a social party held out of doors, within the
grounds or garden attached to a private residence.
{Garden plot}, a plot appropriated to a garden.
{Garden pot}, a watering pot.
{Garden pump}, a garden engine; a barrow pump.
{Garden shears}, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges,
pruning, etc.
{Garden spider}, (Zo["o]l.), the diadem spider ({Epeira
diadema}), common in gardens, both in Europe and America.
It spins a geometrical web. See {Geometric spider}, and
{Spider web}.
{Garden stand}, a stand for flower pots.
{Garden stuff}, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.]
{Garden syringe}, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling
them with solutions for destroying insects, etc.
{Garden truck}, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.]
{Garden ware}, garden truck. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
{Bear garden}, {Botanic garden}, etc. See under {Bear}, etc.
{Hanging garden}. See under {Hanging}.
{Kitchen garden}, a garden where vegetables are cultivated
for household use.
{Market garden}, a piece of ground where vegetable are
cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.
Garden \Gar"den\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gardened}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gardening}.]
To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to
practice horticulture.
Garden \Gar"den\, v. t.
To cultivate as a garden.
Gardener \Gar"den*er\, n.
One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.
Gardenia \Garde"ni*a\, n. [NL.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful
and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of
Dr. Alexander Garden.
Gardening \Gar"den*ing\, n.
The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens;
horticulture.
Gardenless \Gar"den*less\, a.
Destitute of a garden. --Shelley.
Gardenly \Gar"den*ly\, a.
Like a garden. [R.] --W. Marshall.
Gardenship \Gar"den*ship\, n.
Horticulture. [Obs.]
Gardon \Gar"don\, n. [F] (Zo["o]l.)
A European cyprinoid fish; the id.
Gardyloo \Gar`dy*loo"\, n. [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.]
An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows
in Edingburgh. --Sir. W. Scott.
Gare \Gare\, n. [Cf. {Gear}.]
Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. --Blount.
Garefowl \Gare"fowl`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The great auk; also, the razorbill. See {Auk}. [Written also
{gairfowl}, and {gurfel}.]
Garfish \Gar"fish`\, n. [See {Gar}, n.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A European marine fish ({Belone vulgaris}); -- called
also {gar}, {gerrick}, {greenback}, {greenbone},
{gorebill}, {hornfish}, {longnose}, {mackerel guide},
{sea needle}, and {sea pike}.
(b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus
{Tylosurus}, of which one species ({T. marinus}) is
common on the Atlantic coast. {T. Caribb[ae]us}, a very
large species, and {T. crassus}, are more southern; --
called also {needlefish}. Many of the common names of the
European garfish are also applied to the American
species.
Gargalize \Gar"ga*lize\, v. t. [Cf. {Gargle}, {Gargarize}.]
To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] --Marston.
Garganey \Gar"ga*ney\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small European duck ({Anas querquedula}); -- called also
{cricket teal}, and {summer teal}.
Gargantuan \Gar*gan"tu*an\ (?; 135), a. [From Gargantua, an
allegorical hero of Rabelais.]
Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage;
enormous; prodigious; inordinate.
Gargarism \Gar"ga*rism\, n. [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See
{Gargarize}.] (Med.)
A gargle.
Gargarize \Gar"ga*rize\, v. t. [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr. ?.]
To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.]
--Bacon.
Garget \Garget\, n. [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate.
Cf. {Gorge}. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.]
1. The throat. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising
from an inflammation of the mammary glands.
3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of
appetite. --Youatt.
4. (Bot.) See {Poke}.
Gargil \Gar"gil\, n. [Cf. {Garget}, {Gargoyle}.]
A distemper in geese, affecting the head.
Gargle \Gar"gle\, n. (Arch.)
See {Gargoyle}.
Gargle \Gar"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Garggled}, p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gargling} (?).] [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle,
gargle. Cf. {Gargoyle}, {Gurgle}.]
1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the
latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal
preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs.
2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] --Waller.
Gargle \Gar"gle\, n.
A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to
cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical
effect.
Gargol \Gar"gol\, n. [Cf. {Gargil}.]
A distemper in swine; garget. --Mortimer.
Gargoulette \Gar`gou*lette"\, n. [F.]
A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet.
--Mollett.
Gargoyle \Gar"goyle\, n. [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp.
g['a]rgola, prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat,
influenced by L. gargarizare to gargle. See {Gorge} and cf.
{Gargle}, {Gargarize}.] (Arch.)
A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often
carved grotesquely. [Written also {gargle}, {gargyle}, and
{gurgoyle}.]
Gargyle \Gar"gyle\, n. (Arch.)
See {Gargoyle}.
Garibaldi \Ga`ri*bal"di\, n.
1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance
in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot
Garibaldi.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A California market fish ({Pomancentrus
rubicundus}) of a deep scarlet color.
Garish \Gar"ish\, a. [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain
origin. Cf. {gairish}.]
1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting
attention. ``The garish sun.'' ``A garish flag.'' --Shak.
``In . . . garish colors.'' --Asham. ``The garish day.''
--J. H. Newman.
Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. --Jer.
Taylor.
2. Gay to extravagance; flighty.
It makes the mind loose and garish. --South.
-- {Gar"ish*ly}, adv. -- {Garish*ness}, n. --Jer. Taylor.
Garland \Gar"land\, n. [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F.
guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown,
pure gold, MHG. wieren to adorn.]
1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] --Graffon.
2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or
feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on
the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. --Pope.
3. The top; the thing most prized. --Shak.
4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology.
They [ballads] began to be collected into little
miscellanies under the name of garlands. --Percy.
5. (Naut.)
(a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision
in.
(b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for
convenience in handling.
Garland \Gar"land\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Garlanded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Garlanding}.]
To deck with a garland. --B. Jonson.
Garlandless \Gar"land*less\, a.
Destitute of a garland. --Shelley.
Garlic \Gar"lic\, n. [OE. garlek, AS. g[=a]rle['a]c; gar spear,
lance + le['a]c leek. See {Gar}, n., and {Leek}.]
1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus {Allium} ({A. sativum} is the
cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong
smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed
of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed
in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.
2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] --Taylor (1630).
{Garlic mustard}, a European plant of the Mustard family
({Alliaria officinalis}) which has a strong smell of
garlic.
{Garlic pear tree}, a tree in Jamaica ({Crat[ae]va
gynandra}), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of
garlic, and a burning taste.
Garlicky \Gar"lick*y\, a.
Like or containing garlic.
Garment \Gar"ment\, n. [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment,
fr. garnir to garnish. See {Garnish}.]
Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc.
No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment.
--Matt. ix.
16.
Garmented \Gar"ment*ed\, p. a.
Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment.
[Poetic]
A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty.
--Shelley.
Garmenture \Gar"men*ture\, n.
Clothing; dress.
Garner \Gar"ner\, n. [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier,
grenier, F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st
{Grain}, and cf. {Granary}.]
A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for
preservation.
Garner \Gar"ner\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Garnered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Garnering}.]
To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to
treasure. --Shak.
Garnet \Gar"net\, n. [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F.
grenat, LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus
having many grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So
called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains
or seeds of the pomegranate. See {Grain}, and cf. {Grenade},
{Pomegranate}.] (Min.)
A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in
their constituents, but with the same crystallization
(isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical
formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous,
and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The
dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms.
Note: There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black
varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being
aluminia lime (grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon
stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or aluminia iron
(almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or
iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or
chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The
transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet
was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is
a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate.
{Garnet berry} (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called from its
transparent red color.
{Garnet brown} (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as
an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or
golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a
complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.
Garnet \Gar"net\, n. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)
A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out.
{Clew garnet}. See under {Clew}.
Garnetiferous \Gar`net*if"er*ous\, a. [1st garnet + -ferous.]
(Min.)
Containing garnets.
Garnierite \Gar"ni*er*ite\, n. [Named after the French geologist
Garnier.] (Min.)
An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate
of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.
Garnish \Gar"nish\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Garnished}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Garnishing}.] [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir
to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to
provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG.
warn[=o]n to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren to watch, E.
aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See {Wary}, {-ish},
and cf. {Garment}, {Garrison}.]
1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to
adorn; to embellish.
All within with flowers was garnished. --Spenser.
2. (Cookery) To ornament, as a dish, with something laid
about it; as, a dish garnished with parsley.
3. To furnish; to supply.
4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] --Johnson.
5. (Law) To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to
garnishee. See {Garnishee}, v. t. --Cowell.
Garnish \Gar"nish\, n.
1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament;
also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or
decorated.
So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a
boy. --Shak.
Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this,
and that for use. --Prior.
2. (Cookery) Something set round or upon a dish as an
embellishment. See {Garnish}, v. t., 2. --Smart.
3. Fetters. [Cant]
4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an
unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a
newcomer. [Cant] --Fielding.
{Garnish bolt} (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted
head. --Knight.
Garnishee \Gar`nish*ee"\, n. (Law)
One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been
served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person
holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money.
Note: The order by which warning is made is called a
garnishee order.
Garnishee \Gar`nish*ee"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Garnisheed}
(-[=e]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Garnisheeing}.] (Law)
(a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment;
to garnish.
(b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by
garnishment); to trustee.
Garnisher \Gar"nish*er\, n.
One who, or that which, garnishes.
Garnishment \Gar"nish*ment\, n. [Cf. OF. garnissement
protection, guarantee, warning.]
1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. --Sir H. Wotton.
2. (Law)
(a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give
information to the court on any matter.
(b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of
another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver
the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and
give information as garnishee.
3. A fee. See {Garnish}, n., 4.
Garniture \Gar"ni*ture\, n. [F. garniture. See {Garnish}, v. t.]
That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment;
furniture; dress.
The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. --Beattie.
Garookuh \Ga*roo"kuh\, n.
A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.
Garous \Ga"rous\, a. [From {Garum}.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. --Sir T. Browne.
Gar pike \Gar" pike`\ or Garpike \Gar"pike`\ (Zo["o]l.)
See under {Gar}.
Garran \Gar"ran\, n. [Gael. garr['a]n, gearr['a]n, gelding, work
horse, hack.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Galloway}. [Scot. {garron} or {gerron}. --Jamieson.]
Garret \Gar"ret\, n. [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of
lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F.
gu['e]rite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF.
garir to preserve, save, defend, F. gu['e]rir to cure; of
German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend, hinder, G.
wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir,
or perhaps to wary. See {Weir}, and cf. {Guerite}.]
1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.]
He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the
gates and walls. --Ld. Berners.
2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor,
immediately under or within the roof; an attic.
The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of
Rome. --Macaulay.
Garreted \Gar"ret*ed\, a.
Protected by turrets. [Obs.] --R. Carew.
Garreteer \Gar`ret*eer"\, n.
One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack.
--Macaulay.
Garreting \Gar"ret*ing\, n.
Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse
masonry. --Weale.
Garrison \Gar"ri*son\, n. [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison,
in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to
garnish. See {Garnish}.] (Mil.)
(a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town.
(b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its
security.
{In garrison}, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in
a fort or as one of a garrison.
Garrison \Gar"ri*son\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Garrisoned}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Garrisoning}.] (Mil.)
(a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense;
to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town.
(b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as,
to garrison a conquered territory.
Garron \Gar"ron\, n.
Same as {Garran}. [Scot.]
Garrot \Gar"rot\, n. [F. Cf. {Garrote}.] (Surg.)
A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a
bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb.
Garrot \Gar"rot\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European golden-eye.
Garrote \Gar*rote"\, n. [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of
Celtic origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf.
{Garrot} stick, {Garter}.]
A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron
collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life
become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the
punishment is inflicted.
Garrote \Gar*rote"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Garroted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Garroting}.]
To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat,
from behind, with a view to strangle and rob.
Garroter \Gar*rot"er\, n.
One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a
view to strangle and rob him.
Garrulity \Gar*ru"li*ty\, n. [L. garrulitas: cf. F.
garrulit['e].]
Talkativeness; loquacity.
Garrulous \Gar"ru*lous\, a. [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to
chatter, talk; cf. Gr. ? voice, ? to speak, sing. Cf.
{Call}.]
1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial
things; talkative; loquacious.
The most garrulous people on earth. --De Quincey.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of
birds; as, the garrulous roller.
Syn: {Garrulous}, {Talkative}, {Loquacious}.
Usage: A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with
frequent repetitions and lengthened details; talkative
implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious
a great flow of words at command. A child is
talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in
his dotage is garrulous. -- {Gar"ru*lous*ly}, adv. --
{Gar"ru*lous*ness}, n.
Garrupa \Gar*ru"pa\, n. [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf.
{Grouper} the fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of California market fishes, of the
genus {Sebastichthys}; -- called also {rockfish}. See
{Rockfish}.
Garter \Gar"ter\, n. [OE. gartier, F. jarreti[`e]re, fr. OF.
garet bend of the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw,
Prov. garra leg. See {Garrote}.]
1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on
the leg.
2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of
knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the
Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself.
3. (Her.) Same as {Bendlet}.
{Garter fish} (Zo["o]l.), a fish of the genus {Lepidopus},
having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the
scabbard fish.
{Garter king-at-arms}, the chief of the official heralds of
England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often
abbreviated to {Garter}.
{Garter snake} (Zo["o]l.), one of several harmless American
snakes of the genus {Eut[ae]nia}, of several species (esp.
{E. saurita} and {E. sirtalis}); one of the striped
snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of
color.
Garter \Gar"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gartered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gartering}.]
1. To bind with a garter.
He . . . could not see to garter his hose. --Shak.
2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. --T. Warton.
Garth \Garth\ (g[aum]rth), n. [Icel. gar[eth]r yard. See
{Yard}.]
1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth.
A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from
fruit. --Tennyson.
2. A dam or weir for catching fish.
Garth \Garth\, n. [{Girth}.]
A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]
Garum \Ga"rum\ (g[=a]"r[u^]m), n. [L., fr. Gr. ga`ros.]
A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients.
Garvie \Gar"vie\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The sprat; -- called also {garvie herring}, and {garvock}.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Gas \Gas\ (g[a^]s), n.; pl. {Gases} (-[e^]z). [Invented by the
chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.]
1. An a["e]riform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists
as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids
supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen,
etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become
liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage,
since all of the supposed permanent gases have been
liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed
nearly its original signification, and is applied to any
substance in the elastic or a["e]riform state.
2. (Popular Usage)
(a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most
important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas,
and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive
distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood,
oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when
burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating
purposes.
(b) Laughing gas.
(c) Any irrespirable a["e]riform fluid.
Note: Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as,
gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc.
{Air gas} (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through
some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The
air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a
convenient illuminating and heating agent.
{Gas battery} (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which
gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active
agents.
{Gas carbon}, {Gas coke}, etc. See under {Carbon}, {Coke},
etc.
{Gas coal}, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high
percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available
for the manufacture of illuminating gas. --R. W. Raymond.
{Gas engine}, an engine in which the motion of the piston is
produced by the combustion or sudden production or
expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an
explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the
working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an
electric spark.
{Gas fitter}, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for
gas.
{Gas fitting}.
(a) The occupation of a gas fitter.
(b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas
into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc.
{Gas fixture}, a device for conveying illuminating or
combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner,
consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn
metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are
adjusted.
{Gas generator}, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as:
(a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by
heat;
(b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of
liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor;
(c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for
a["e]rating water, bread, etc. --Knight.
{Gas jet}, a flame of illuminating gas.
{Gas machine}, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as
illuminating gas.
{Gas meter}, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas
consumed in a given time, at a particular place.
{Gas retort}, a retort which contains the coal and other
materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the
manufacture of gas.
{Gas stove}, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by
gas.
{Gas tar}, coal tar.
{Gas trap}, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th {Trap}, 5.
{Gas washer} (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from
the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream
of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it.
--Knight.
{Gas water}, water through which gas has been passed for
purification; -- called also {gas liquor} and {ammoniacal
water}, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac,
carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. --Tomlinson.
{Gas well}, a deep boring, from which natural gas is
discharged. --Raymond.
{Gas works}, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and
appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting
cities.
{Laughing gas}. See under {Laughing}.
{Marsh gas} (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous
hydrocarbon, {CH4}, produced artificially by the dry
distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as
a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools,
whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary
illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin
series. Called also {methane}, and in coal mines, {fire
damp}.
{Natural gas}, gas obtained from wells, etc., in
Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for
fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from
the Coal Measures.
{Olefiant gas} (Chem.). See {Ethylene}.
{Water gas} (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over
glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen
and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating
power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which
is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon,
as gasoline.
Gasalier \Gas`a*lier"\, n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of
chandelier.]
A chandelier arranged to burn gas.
Gas-burner \Gas"-burn`er\, n.
The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it
escapes from one or more minute orifices.
Gascoines \Gas"coines\, n. pl.
See {Gaskins}, 1. --Lyly.
Gascon \Gas"con\ (?; F. ?), a. [F.]
Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons;
also, braggart; swaggering. -- n. A native of Gascony; a
boaster; a bully. See {Gasconade}.
Gasconade \Gas`con*ade"\, n. [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an
inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for
boasting.]
A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging;
braggodocio. --Swift.
Gasconade \Gas`con*ade"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gasconaded}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gasconading}.]
To boast; to brag; to bluster.
Gasconader \Gas`con*ad"er\, n.
A great boaster; a blusterer.
Gascoynes \Gas"coynes\, n. pl.
Gaskins. --Beau. & Fl.
Gaseity \Gas*e"i*ty\ (? or ?), n.
State of being gaseous. [R] --Eng. Cyc.
Gaseous \Gas"e*ous\ (? or ?; 277), a. [From {Gas}. Cf. F.
gazeux.]
1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an
a["e]riform fluid.
2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. ``Unconnected,
gaseous information.'' --Sir J. Stephen.
Gash \Gash\ (g[a^]sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gashed} (g[a^]sht);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Gashing}.] [For older garth or garse, OF.
garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh. from an assumed
LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate
into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. {Carpet}.]
To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly
to incisions in flesh.
Grievously gashed or gored to death. --Hayward.
Gash \Gash\, n.
A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and
depth, particularly in flesh.
Gashful \Gash"ful\, a.
Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] ``A gashful,
horrid, ugly shape.'' --Gayton.
Gasification \Gas`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [See {Gasify}.]
The act or process of converting into gas.
Gasiform \Gas"i*form\, a.
Having a form of gas; gaseous.
Gasify \Gas"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gasified}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gasifying}.] [Gas + -fy.]
To convert into gas, or an a["e]riform fluid, as by the
application of heat, or by chemical processes.
Gasify \Gas"i*fy\, v. i.
To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state.
--Scientific American.
Gasket \Gas"ket\, n. [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta
caburn, garceta reef point.]
1. (Naut.) A line or band used to lash a furled sail
securely. {Sea gaskets} are common lines; {harbor gaskets}
are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also
{casket}.
2. (Mech.)
(a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the
steam engine and its pumps.
(b) Any ring or washer of packing.
Gaskins \Gas"kins\, n.pl. [Cf. {Galligaskins}.]
1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. Packing of hemp. --Simmonds.
3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
Gaslight \Gas"light`\, n.
1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.
2. A gas jet or burner.
Gasogen \Gas"o*gen\, n. [Gas + -gen.]
1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for
impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile
liquid.
2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for
charging illuminating gas.
Gasolene \Gas`o*lene\, n.
See {Gasoline}.
Gasolier \Gas`o*lier"\, n.
Same as {Gasalier}.
Gasoline \Gas"o*line\ (? or ?; 104), n.
A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained
from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous
coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving
illuminating power to water gas. See {Carburetor}.
Gasometer \Gas*om"e*ter\ (? or ?), n. [Gas + -meter. Cf. F.
gazom[`e]tre.]
An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works,
a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other
end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall,
according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure
required.
Gasometric \Gas`o*met"ric\ (? or ?), Gasometrical
\Gas`o*met"ric*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric
analysis.
Gasometry \Gas*om"e*try\ (? or ?), n.
The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science
which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic
fluids. --Coxe.
Gasoscope \Gas"o*scope\, n. [Gas + -scope.]
An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas,
from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.
Gasp \Gasp\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gasped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gasping}.] [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa
to yawn; akin to Sw. g["a]spa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]
1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in
laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire
convulsively; to pant violently.
She gasps and struggles hard for life. --Lloyd.
2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire.
Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain.
--Spenser.
Gasp \Gasp\, v. t.
To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc.
And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. --Dryden.
Gasp \Gasp\, n.
The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the
breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the
breath.
{At the last gasp}, at the point of death. --Addison.
Gaspereau \Gas"per*eau\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The alewife. [Local, Canada]
Gasserian \Gas*se"ri*an\, a.
Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the
Gasserian ganglion.
{Gasserian ganglion} (Anat.), a large ganglion, at the root
of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.
Gassing \Gas"sing\, n.
1. (Manuf.) The process of passing cotton goods between two
rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas
to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of
singeing.
2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]
Gassy \Gas"sy\, a.
Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of
boastful or insincere talk.
Gast \Gast\, v. t. [OE. gasten, g?sten to frighten, akin to
Goth. usgaisjan. See {Aghast}, {Ghastly}, and cf. {Gaze}.]
To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See {Aghast}. [Obs.]
--Chaucer. Shak.
Gaster \Gast"er\, v. t.
To gast. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Gasteromycetes \Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ?
stomach + ? a mushroom.] (Bot.)
An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac
called the peridium, as in the puffballs.
Gasteropod \Gas"ter*o*pod\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Gastropod}.
Gasteropoda \Gas`te*rop`o*da\, n. pl. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Gastropoda}.
Gasteropodous \Gas`ter*op"o*dous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Gastropodous}.
Gastful \Gast"ful\, Gastly \Gast"ly\, a. [Obs.]
See {Ghastful}, {Ghastly}.
Gastight \Gas"tight`\, a.
So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas;
impervious to gas.
Gastness \Gast"ness\, n.
See {Ghastness}. [Obs.]
Gastornis \Gas*tor"nis\, n. [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the
discover + Gr. ? bird.] (Paleon.)
A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin.
Gastraea \Gas*tr[ae]"a\, n. [NL., from Gr. ?, ?, the stomach.]
(Biol.)
A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which,
according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other
animals, that in the first stages of their individual
evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or
gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the
Gastr[ae]a theory of Haeckel. See {Gastrula}.
Gastralgia \Gas*tral"gi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, stomach + ?
pain.] (Med.)
Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.
Gastric \Gas"tric\, a. [Gr. ?, ?, stomach: cf. F. gastrique.]
Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the
gastric artery.
{Gastric digestion} (Physiol.), the conversion of the
albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and
diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric
juice.
{Gastric fever} (Med.), a fever attended with prominent
gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of
typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the
stomach attended with fever.
{Gastric juice} (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an
acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands
contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It
consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the
ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid
in the body, but acts only on proteid foods.
{Gastric remittent fever} (Med.), a form of remittent fever
with pronounced stomach symptoms.
Gastriloquist \Gas*tril"o*quist\, n. [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s,
stomach + L. loqui to speak.]
One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.
Gastriloquous \Gas*tril"o*quous\, a.
Ventriloquous. [R.]
Gastriloquy \Gas*tril"o*quy\, n.
A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the
stomach; ventriloquy.
Gastritis \Gas*tri"tis\, n. [NL., from. Gr. ?, ?, stomach +
-itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.
Gastro- \Gas"tro-\
A combining form from the Gr. ?, ?, the stomach, or belly; as
in gastrocolic, gastrocele, gastrotomy.
Gastrocnemius \Gas`troc*ne"mi*us\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? the calf
of the leg.] (Anat.)
The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the
leg.
Gastrocolic \Gas`tro*col"ic\, a. [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the
gastrocolic, or great, omentum.
Gastrodisc \Gas`tro*disc\, n. [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.)
That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a
small disk on the inner face of the epibladst.
Gastroduodenal \Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal\, a. [Gastro- + -duodenal.]
(Anat.)
Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the
gastroduodenal artery.
Gastroduodenitis \Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis\, n. [NL. See
{Gastroduodenal}, and {-itis}.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the
most frequent causes of jaundice.
Gastroelytrotomy \Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my\, n. [Gastro- + Gr ?
sheath + ? a cutting] (Surg.)
The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina,
through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the
purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the
C[ae]sarean operation, and less dangerous.
Gastroenteric \Gas`tro*en*te"ric\, a. [Gastro- + -enteric.]
(Anat. & Med.)
Gastrointestinal.
Gastroenteritis \Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis\, n. [NL. See
{Gastroenrteric}, and {-itis}.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the
intestines.
Gastroepiploic \Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic\, a. [Gastro- + -epiploic.]
(Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum.
Gastrohepatic \Gas`tro*he*pat"ic\, a. [Gastro- + -hepatic.]
(Med.)
Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the
gastrohepatic, or lesser, omentum.
Gastrohysterotomy \Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my\, n. [Gastro- + Gr. ?
womb + ? to cut.] (Surg.)
C[ae]sarean section. See under {C[ae]sarean}.
Gastrointestinal \Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal\, a. [Gastro- +
-intestinal.] (Anat. & Med.)
Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines;
gastroenteric.
Gastrolith \Gas`tro*lith\, n. [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Crab's eyes}, under {Crab}.
Gastrology \Gas*trol"o*gy\, n. [Gr ?; ?, ?, stomach + ?
discourse: cf. F. gastrologie.]
The science which treats of the structure and functions of
the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.
Gastromalacia \Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?,
stomach + ? softness, fr. ? soft.] (Med.)
A softening of the coats of the stomach; -- usually a
post-morten change.
Gastromancy \Gas`tro*man"cy\, n. [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F.
gastromancy.] (Antiq.)
(a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered
from the stomach.
(b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other
round, transparent vessels, in the center of which
figures are supposed to appear by magic art.
Gastromyces \Gas`tro*my"ces\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, stomach +
?, ?, a fungus.] (Biol.)
The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as
Torula, etc.
Gastromyth \Gas"tro*myth\, n. [Gastro- + Gr. ? to say, speak.]
One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a
ventriloquist. [Obs.]
Gastronome \Gas"tro*nome\, Gastronomer \Gas*tron"o*mer\, n. [F.
gastronome, fr. Gr. ?, ?, stomach + ? law, ? to distribute.]
One fond of good living; an epicure. --Sir W. Scott.
Gastronomic \Gas`tro*nom"ic\, Gastronomical \Gas`tro*nom"ic*al\,
a. [Cf. F. gastronomique.]
Pertaining to gastromony.
Gastronomist \Gas*tron"o*mist\, n.
A gastromomer.
Gastronomy \Gas*tron"o*my\, n. [Gr. ?: cf. F. gastronomie.]
The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good
cheer.
Gastrophrenic \Gas`tro*phren"ic\, a. [Gastro- + -phrenic.]
(Anat.)
Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the
gastrophrenic ligament.
Gastropneumatic \Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic\, a. [Gastro- + pneumatic.]
(Anat.)
Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to
the cavities connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic
mucuos membranes.
Gastropod \Gas"tro*pod\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Gastropoda. [Written also {gasteropod}.]
Gastropoda \Gas*trop"o*da\, n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, stomach
+ -poda.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes
most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and
fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat,
muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The
head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See
{Mollusca}. [Written also {Gasteropoda}.]
Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.:
({a}) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the
Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and
Heteropoda. ({b}) The Euthyneura, including the
Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. ({c}) The Amphineura,
including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.
Gastropodous \Gas*trop"o*dous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.
Gastroraphy \Gas*tror"a*phy\, n. [Gr.?; ?, ?, stomach + ? a
sewing, fr. ? to sew: cf. F. gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.)
The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. --Quincy.
Gastroscope \Gas"tro*scope\, n. [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.)
An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the
stomach.
Gastroscopic \Gas`tro*scop"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.
Gastroscopy \Gas*tros"co*py\, n. (Med.)
Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the
gastroscope.
Gastrosplenic \Gas`tro*splen"ic\, n. [Gastro- + splenic.]
(Anat.)
Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic
ligament.
Gastrostege \Gas*tros"tege\, n. [Gastro- + Gr. ? roof.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent.
Gastrostomy \Gas*tros"to*my\, n. [Gastro- + Gr. ? mouth.]
(Surg.)
The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach,
for the introduction of food.
Gastrotomy \Gas*trot"o*my\, n. [Gastro + Gr. ? to cut: cf. F.
gastrotomie.] (Surg.)
A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.
Gastrotricha \Gas*trot"ri*cha\, n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. ? belly +
?, ?, hair.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the
ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or
synthetic one, related to rotifers and annelids.
Gastrotrocha \Gas*trot"ro*cha\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, stomach +
? a wheel.] (Zo["o]l.)
A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side.
Gastrovascular \Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar\, a. [Gastro- + -vascular.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of
digestive and circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular
cavity of c[oe]lenterates.
Gastrula \Gas"tru*la\, n.; pl. {Gastrul[ae]}[NL., dim. fr. Gr. ?
the stomach.] (Biol.)
An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or
pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the
blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a
double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the blastopore)
which leads into the cavity (the archenteron) lined by the
inner wall (the hypoblast). See Illust. under {Invagination}.
In a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic
development. See {Gastr[ae]a}. -- a. Of or pertaining to a
gastrula.
Gastrulation \Gas`tru*la"tion\ (g[a^]s`tr[.u]*l[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
(Biol.)
The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by
which a gastrula is formed.
Gastrura \Gas*tru"ra\ (g[a^]s*tr[udd]"r[.a]), n. pl. [NL., fr.
Gr. gasth`r belly + o'yra` tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Stomatopoda}.
Gastrurous \Gas*tru"rous\ (-r[u^]s), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the Gastrura.
Gat \Gat\ (g[a^]t),
imp. of {Get}. [Obs.]
Gate \Gate\ (g[=a]t), n. [OE. [yogh]et, [yogh]eat, giat, gate,
door, AS. geat, gat, gate, door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat
opening, hole, and perh. to E. gate a way, gait, and get, v.
Cf. {Gate} a way, 3d {Get}.]
1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an
inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.;
also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by
which the passage can be closed.
2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or
barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or opens
a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance
or of exit.
Knowest thou the way to Dover? Both stile and gate,
horse way and footpath. --Shak.
Opening a gate for a long war. --Knolles.
3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage
of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.
4. (Script.) The places which command the entrances or
access; hence, place of vantage; power; might.
The gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
--Matt. xvi.
18.
5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt
to pass through or into.
6. (Founding)
(a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured
into the mold; the ingate.
(b) The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue
or sullage piece. [Written also {geat} and {git}.]
{Gate chamber}, a recess in the side wall of a canal lock,
which receives the opened gate.
{Gate channel}. See {Gate}, 5.
{Gate hook}, the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge.
{Gate money}, entrance money for admission to an inclosure.
{Gate tender}, one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad
crossing.
{Gate valva}, a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate
which affords a straight passageway when open.
{Gate vein} (Anat.), the portal vein.
{To break gates} (Eng. Univ.), to enter a college inclosure
after the hour to which a student has been restricted.
{To stand in the} {gate, or gates}, to occupy places or
advantage, power, or defense.
Gate \Gate\, v. t.
1. To supply with a gate.
2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates
at an earlier hour than usual.
Gate \Gate\, n. [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan.
gade, Goth. gatw["o], G. gasse. Cf. {Gate} a door, {Gait}.]
1. A way; a path; a road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng.
& Scot.]
I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has
this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a
woman, in my gate. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.]
Gated \Gat"ed\, a.
Having gates. --Young.
Gatehouse \Gate"house`\, n.
A house connected or associated with a gate.
Gateless \Gate"less\, a.
Having no gate.
Gateman \Gate"man\, n.
A gate keeper; a gate tender.
Gatepost \Gate"post`\, n.
1. A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also {swinging
or hinging post}.
2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called also
{shutting post}.
Gateway \Gate"way`\, n.
A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame,
arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an
entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense.
Gatewise \Gate"wise`\, adv.
In the manner of a gate.
Three circles of stones set up gatewise. --Fuller.
Gather \Gath"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gathered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gathering}.] [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr.
gador, geador, together, fr. g[ae]d fellowship; akin to E.
good, D. gaderen to collect, G. gatte husband, MHG. gate,
also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a sister's son. [root]29. See
{Good}, and cf. {Together}.]
1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate
things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to
assemble; to muster; to congregate.
And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty
and her chivalry. --Byron.
When he had gathered all the chief priests and
scribes of the people together. --Matt. ii. 4.
2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less
value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to
pick off; to pluck.
A rose just gathered from the stalk. --Dryden.
Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?
--Matt. vii.
16.
Gather us from among the heathen. --Ps. cvi. 47.
3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little;
to amass; to gain; to heap up.
He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his
substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity
the poor. --Prov.
xxviii. 8.
To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by
degrees. --Locke.
4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to
contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or
plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece
of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to gather a
ruffle.
Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In
act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand.
--Pope.
5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a
conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments
that prove; to infer; to conclude.
Let me say no more? Gather the sequel by that went
before. --Shak.
6. To gain; to win. [Obs.]
He gathers ground upon her in the chase. --Dryden.
7. (Arch.) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry,
as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to
the width of the flue, or the like.
8. (Naut.) To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of
a rope.
{To be gathered} {to one's people, or to one's fathers} to
die. --Gen. xxv. 8.
{To gather breath}, to recover normal breathing after being
out of breath; to get breath; to rest. --Spenser.
{To gather one's self together}, to collect and dispose one's
powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory
to a leap.
{To gather way} (Naut.), to begin to move; to move with
increasing speed.
Gather \Gath"er\, v. i.
1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become
assembled; to congregate.
When small humors gather to a gout. --Pope.
Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in
the heart, and gather to the eyes. --Tennyson.
2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase.
Their snowball did not gather as it went. --Bacon.
3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate
pus; as, a boil has gathered.
4. To collect or bring things together.
Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and
gather where I have not strewed. --Matt. xxv.
26.
Gather \Gath"er\, n.
1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through
it; a pucker.
2. (Carriage Making) The inclination forward of the axle
journals to keep the wheels from working outward.
3. (Arch.) The soffit or under surface of the masonry
required in gathering. See {Gather}, v. t., 7.
Gatherable \Gath"er*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from
premises. [R.] --Godwin.
Gatherer \Gath"er*er\, n.
1. One who gathers or collects.
2. (Sewing Machine) An attachment for making gathers in the
cloth.
Gathering \Gath"er*ing\, n.
1. The act of collecting or bringing together.
2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together;
as:
(a) A crowd; an assembly; a congregation.
(b) A charitable contribution; a collection.
(c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.
Gathering \Gath"er*ing\, a.
Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating.
{Gathering board} (Bookbinding), a table or board on which
signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book.
--Knight.
{Gathering coal}, a lighted coal left smothered in embers
over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the
morning.
{Gathering hoop}, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the
ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped
over them.
{Gathering peat}.
(a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a
fire.
(b) In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the
Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by
the Highlanders.
Gatling gun \Gat"ling gun`\ [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.]
An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels
which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded
and fired.
Note: The improved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of
1,200 shots per minute. --Farrow.
Gatten tree \Gat"ten tree`\ [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.)
A name given to the small trees called guelder-rose
({Viburnum Opulus}), cornel ({Cornus sanguinea}), and spindle
tree ({Euonymus Europ[ae]us}).
Gat-toothed \Gat"-toothed`\, a. [OE. gat goat + tooth. See
{Goat} the animal.]
Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton.
[Obs.]
Gauche \Gauche\, n. [F.]
1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.
2. (Geom.) Winding; twisted; warped; -- applied to curves and
surfaces.
Gaucherie \Gauche`rie"\, n. [F.]
An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.
Gaucho \Gau"cho\ (gou"ch[-o]), n., pl. {Gauchos} (-ch[-o]z)
[Sp.]
One of the native inhabitants of the pampas, of
Spanish-American descent. They live mostly by rearing cattle.
Gaud \Gaud\, n. [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary,
fr. L. gaudium joy, gladness. See {Joy}.]
1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. ``An
idle gaud.'' --Shak.
Gaud \Gaud\, v. i. [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere.
See {Gaud}, n.]
To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] ``Gauding with his
familiars. '' [Obs.] --Sir T. North.
Gaud \Gaud\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gauded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gauding}.]
To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets
or colors; to paint. [Obs.] ``Nicely gauded cheeks.'' --Shak.
Gaud-day \Gaud"-day`\, n.
See {Gaudy}, a feast.
Gaudery \Gaud"er*y\, n.
Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.] ``Tarnished
gaudery.'' --Dryden.
Gaudful \Gaud"ful\, a.
Joyful; showy. [Obs.]
Gaudily \Gaud"i*ly\, adv.
In a gaudy manner. --Guthrie.
Gaudiness \Gaud"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being gaudy. --Whitlock.
Gaudish \Gaud"ish\, a.
Gaudy. ``Gaudish ceremonies.'' --Bale.
Gaudless \Gaud"less\, a.
Destitute of ornament. [R.]
Gaudy \Gaud"y\, a. [Compar. {Gaudier}; superl. {Gauidiest}.]
1. Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or
meretricious.
Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not
expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy. --Shak.
2. Gay; merry; festal. --Tennyson.
Let's have one other gaudy night. --Shak.
Gaudy \Gaud"y\, n.; pl. {Gaudies} [See {Gaud}, n.]
One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster
is recited. [Obs.] --Gower.
Gaudy \Gaud"y\, n.
A feast or festival; -- called also {gaud-day} and {gaudy
day}. [Oxford Univ.] --Conybeare.
Gaudygreen \Gaud"y*green`\, a. or n. [OE. gaude grene.]
Light green. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Spenser.
Gauffer \Gauf"fer\, v. t. [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet,
and other stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German
origin. See {Waffle}, {Wafer}, and cf. {Goffer}, {Gopher} an
animal.]
To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See {Goffer}.
Gauffering \Gauf"fer*ing\, n.
A mode of plaiting or fluting.
{Gauffering iron}, a kind of fluting iron for fabrics.
{Gauffering press} (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the
leaves and petals into shape.
Gauffre \Gauf"fre\, n. [See {Gopher}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A gopher, esp. the pocket gopher.
Gauge \Gauge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gauged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gauging}] [OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge,
measuring rod, F. jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an
assumed L. qualificare to determine the qualities of a thing
(see {Qualify}); but cf. also F. jalon a measuring stake in
surveying, and E. gallon.] [Written also {gage}.]
1. To measure or determine with a gauge.
2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity
of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.
3. (Mech.) To measure the dimensions of, or to test the
accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock.
The vanes nicely gauged on each side. --Derham.
4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread
through it, as cloth or a garment.
5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to
estimate; to judge of.
You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night.
--Shak.
Gauge \Gauge\, n. [Written also gage.]
1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to
determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard.
This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and
groove to equal breadth by. --Moxon.
There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds.
--I. Taylor.
2. Measure; dimensions; estimate.
The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and
contempt. --Burke.
3. (Mach. & Manuf.) Any instrument for ascertaining or
regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or
template; as, a button maker's gauge.
4. (Physics) Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the
state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical
elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some
particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam gauge.
5. (Naut.)
(a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with
reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather
gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and
the lee gauge when on the lee side of it.
(b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water.
--Totten.
6. The distance between the rails of a railway.
Note: The standard gauge of railroads in most countries is
four feet, eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad,
gauge, in the United States, is six feet; in England,
seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard
gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called
narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six
inches.
7. (Plastering) The quantity of plaster of Paris used with
common plaster to accelerate its setting.
8. (Building) That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which
is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of
such shingles, slates, or tiles.
{Gauge of a carriage}, {car}, etc., the distance between the
wheels; -- ordinarily called the {track}.
{Gauge cock}, a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining
the height of the water level in a steam boiler.
{Gauge concussion} (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel
flange striking the edge of the rail.
{Gauge glass}, a glass tube for a water gauge.
{Gauge lathe}, an automatic lathe for turning a round object
having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round,
to a templet or gauge.
{Gauge point}, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is
one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given
measure; -- a term used in gauging casks, etc.
{Gauge rod}, a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of
barrels, casks, etc.
{Gauge saw}, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of
cut. --Knight.
{Gauge stuff}, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making
cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet.
{Gauge wheel}, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to
determine the depth of the furrow.
{Joiner's gauge}, an instrument used to strike a line
parallel to the straight side of a board, etc.
{Printer's gauge}, an instrument to regulate the length of
the page.
{Rain gauge}, an instrument for measuring the quantity of
rain at any given place.
{Salt gauge}, or {Brine gauge}, an instrument or contrivance
for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its
specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers.
{Sea gauge}, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea.
{Siphon gauge}, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with
mercury, -- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the
degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air
pump or other vacuum; a manometer.
{Sliding gauge}. (Mach.)
(a) A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted
dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use,
as screws, railway-car axles, etc.
(b) A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges,
and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the
working gauges.
(c) (Railroads) See Note under {Gauge}, n., 5.
{Star gauge} (Ordnance), an instrument for measuring the
diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its
length.
{Steam gauge}, an instrument for measuring the pressure of
steam, as in a boiler.
{Tide gauge}, an instrument for determining the height of the
tides.
{Vacuum gauge}, a species of barometer for determining the
relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a
steam engine and the air.
{Water gauge}.
(a) A contrivance for indicating the height of a water
surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or
glass.
(b) The height of the water in the boiler.
{Wind gauge}, an instrument for measuring the force of the
wind on any given surface; an anemometer.
{Wire gauge}, a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or
the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size.
See under {Wire}.
Gaugeable \Gauge"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being gauged.
Gauged \Gauged\, p. a.
Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge.
{Gauged brick}, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size
and shape, for arches or ornamental work.
{Gauged mortar}. See {Gauge stuff}, under {Gauge}, n.
Gauger \Gau"ger\, n.
One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain
the contents of casks.
Gauger-ship \Gau"ger-ship\, n.
The office of a gauger.
Gauging rod \Gau"ging rod`\
See {Gauge rod}, under {Gauge}, n.
Gaul \Gaul\, n. [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.]
1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the
Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and
Cisalpine Gaul).
2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.
Gaulish \Gaul"ish\, a.
Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]
Gault \Gault\, n. [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard
snow.] (Geol.)
A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England,
between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous
period.
Gaultheria \Gaul*the"ri*a\, n. [NL.] (Bot.)
A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and,
often, edible berries. It includes the American winter-green
({Gaultheria procumbens}), and the larger-fruited salal of
Northwestern America ({Gaultheria Shallon}).
Gaunt \Gaunt\, a. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall
and thin man, and W. gwan weak.]
Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager;
pinched and grim. ``The gaunt mastiff.'' --Pope.
A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and
fleshless across our land. --Nichols.
Gauntlet \Gaunt"let\, n. (Mil.)
See {Gantlet}.
Gauntlet \Gaunt"let\, n. [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL.
wantus, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante,
Icel. v["o]ttr, for vantr.]
1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from
wounds.
Note: The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain
mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates,
scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th
century, became a glove of small steel plates,
carefully articulated and covering the whole hand
except the palm and the inside of the fingers.
2. A long glove, covering the wrist.
3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for
drying.
{To take up the gauntlet}, to accept a challenge.
{To throw down the gauntlet}, to offer or send a challenge.
The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight
challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the
challenge; -- hence the phrases.
Gauntletted \Gaunt"lett*ed\, a.
Wearing a gauntlet.
Gauntly \Gaunt"ly\, adv.
In a gaunt manner; meagerly.
Gauntree \Gaun"tree\, Gauntry \Gaun"try\, n. [F. chantier, LL.
cantarium, fr. L. canterius trellis, sort of frame.]
1. A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere.
--Sir W. Scott.
2. (Engin.) A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other
structure. --Knight.
Gaur \Gaur\ (g[add]r or gour), n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
An East Indian species of wild cattle ({Bibos gauris}), of
large size and an untamable disposition. [Spelt also {gour}.]
Gaure \Gaure\, v. i.
To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gauze \Gauze\, n. [F. gaze; so called because it was first
introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.]
A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk;
also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire gauze;
cotton gauze.
{Gauze dresser}, one employed in stiffening gauze.
Gauze \Gauze\, a.
Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino
underclothing.
Gauziness \Gauz"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. --Ruskin.
Gauzy \Gauz"y\, a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as
gauze.
Gave \Gave\ (g[=a]v),
imp. of {Give}.
Gavel \Gav"el\ (g[a^]v"[e^]l), n.
A gable. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Gavel \Gav"el\, n. [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L.
capulus handle, fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W.
gafael hold, grasp. Cf. {Heave}.]
A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. --Wright.
Gavel \Gav"el\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body,
public assembly, court, masonic body, etc.
2. A mason's setting maul. --Knight.
Gavel \Gav"el\, n. [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to
give. See {Give}, and cf. {Gabel} tribute.] (Law)
Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See {Gabel}. --Cowell.
Gavelet \Gav"el*et\, n. [From {Gavel} tribute.] (O. Eng. Law)
An ancient special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London
for the recovery of rent. [Obs.]
Gavelkind \Gav"el*kind`\, n. [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See
{Gavel} tribute, and {Kind}, n.] (O. Eng. Law)
A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his
sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying
without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still
prevails in the county of Kent. --Cowell.
Gaveloche \Gav"e*loche\, n.
Same as {Gavelock}.
Gavelock \Gav"e*lock\, n. [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf.
Icel. gaflok, MHG. gabil?t, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F.
javelot, Ir. gabhla spear, W. gaflach fork, dart, E. glave,
gaff]
1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.]
2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.]
Gaverick \Ga"ver*ick\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European red gurnard ({Trigla cuculus}). [Prov. Eng.]
Gaviae \Ga"vi[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.
Gavial \Ga"vi*al\, n. [Hind. ghariu?l: cf. F. gavial.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large Asiatic crocodilian ({Gavialis Gangeticus}); --
called also {nako}, and {Gangetic crocodile}.
Note: The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly
uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits
the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also
applied to several allied fossil species.
Gavot \Gav"ot\ (? or ?; 277), n. [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a
people inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called
Gap.] (Mus.)
A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has
two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time,
each played twice over. [Written also {gavotte}.]
Gawby \Gaw"by\, n.
A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.]
Gawk \Gawk\, n. [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr
cuckoo; akin to OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. g['e]ac
cuckoo, Sw. g["o]k, Dan. gi["o]g]
1. A cuckoo. --Johnson.
2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. --Carlyle.
Gawk \Gawk\, v. i.
To act like a gawky.
Gawky \Gawk"y\, a. [Compar. {Gawkier}; superl. {Gawkiest}.]
Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior. --
n. A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from
stupidity, a gawk.
Gawn \Gawn\, n. [Corrupted fr. gallon.]
A small tub or lading vessel. [Prov. Eng.] --Johnson.
Gawntree \Gawn"tree\, n.
See {Gauntree}.
Gay \Gay\, a. [Compar. {Gayer}; superl. {Gayest}.] [F. gai,
perhaps fr. OHG. g?hi swift, rapid, G. g["a]h, j["a]h, steep,
hasty; or cf. OHG. w?hi beatiful, good. Cf. {Jay}.]
1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or
delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry.
Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. --Pope.
Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. --Gray.
2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed.
Why is my neighbor's wife so gay? --Chaucer.
A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton
dress! --Milton.
3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.]
Syn: Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly,
sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial;
joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.
Gay \Gay\, n.
An ornament [Obs.] --L'Estrange.
Gayal \Gay"al\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle ({Bibos
frontalis}).
Gaydiang \Gay"di*ang\, n. (Naut.)
A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, lofty triangular
sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a Chinese
junk.
Gayety \Gay"e*ty\, n.; pl. {Gayeties}. [Written also {gaiety}.]
[F. gaiet['e]. See {Gay}, a.]
1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or
entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight;
-- used often in the plural; as, the gayeties of the
season.
2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress.
Syn: Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee;
blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See
{Liveliness}.
Gaylussite \Gay"lus*site`\, n. [Named after Gay-Lussac, the
French chemist.] (Min.)
A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the
carbonates of lime and soda, with water.
Gayly \Gay"ly\, adv.
1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.
2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a
flower gayly blooming. --Pope.
Gayne \Gayne\, v. i. [See {Gain}.]
To avail. [Obs.]
Gayness \Gay"ness\, n.
Gayety; finery. [R.]
Gaysome \Gay"some\, a.
Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag.
Gaytre \Gay"tre\, n. [See {Gaitre}.]
The dogwood tree. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gaze \Gaze\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gazed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gazing}.] [OE. gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth.
us-gaisjan to terrify, us-geisnan to be terrified. Cf.
{Aghast}, {Ghastly}, {Ghost}, {Hesitate}.]
To fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with
eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or
with studious attention.
Why stand ye gazing up into heaven? --Acts i. 11.
Syn: To gape; stare; look.
Usage: To {Gaze}, {Gape}, {Stare}. To gaze is to look with
fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited
interest or elevated emotion; to gape is to look
fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant
wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of
insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with
delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic
gapes with wonder at the strange sights of a large
city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant
look.
Gaze \Gaze\, v. t.
To view with attention; to gaze on . [R.]
And gazed a while the ample sky. --Milton.
Gaze \Gaze\, n.
1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration;
a continued look of attention.
With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold.
--Milton.
2. The object gazed on.
Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. --Milton.
{At gaze}
(a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; --
said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind,
when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon.
(b) In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; -- a
term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a
stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in
apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing
agape; idly or stupidly gazing.
I that rather held it better men should perish
one by one, Than that earth should stand at gaze
like Joshua's moon in Ajalon! --Tennyson.
Gazeebo \Ga*zee"bo\, n. [Humorously formed from gaze.]
A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive
prospect. [Colloq.]
Gazeful \Gaze"ful\, a.
Gazing. [R.] --Spenser.
Gazehound \Gaze"hound`\, n.
A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent.
--Sir W. Scott.
Gazel \Ga"zel\, n.
The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.]
Gazel \Ga*zel"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Gazelle}.
Gazelle \Ga*zelle"\, n. [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp.
gacela, Pr. gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz?l a wild
goat.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of
antelope, of the genus {Gazella}, esp. {G. dorcas}; -- called
also {algazel}, {corinne}, {korin}, and {kevel}. The gazelles
are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of their
eyes. [Written also {gazel}.]
Note: The common species of Northern Africa ({Gazella
dorcas}); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel ({G. Arabica});
the mohr of West Africa ({G. mohr}); the Indian ({G.
Bennetti}); the {ahu} or Persian ({G. subgutturosa});
and the springbok or tsebe ({G. euchore}) of South
Africa, are the best known.
Gazement \Gaze"ment\, n.
View. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Gazer \Gaz"er\, n.
One who gazes.
Gazet \Ga*zet\, n. [It. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza
royal treasure.]
A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one
and a half cents. [Obs.]
Gazette \Ga*zette"\, n. [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from
gazetta a Venetian coin (see {Gazet}), said to have been the
price of the first newspaper published at Venice; or perh.
dim. of gazza magpie, a name perh. applied to the first
newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G. elster.]
A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp.,
the official journal published by the British government, and
containing legal and state notices.
Gazette \Ga*zette"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gazetted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Gazetting}.]
To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially,
as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.
Gazetteer \Gaz`et*teer"\, n. [Cf. F. gazetier.]
1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news
by authority. --Johnson.
2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] --Burke.
3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and
descriptions, etc., of many places.
4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.
Gazingstock \Gaz"ing*stock`\, n.
A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an
object of curiosity or contempt. --Bp. Hall.
Gazogene \Gaz"o*gene\, n. [F. gazog[`e]ne; gaz gas + -g[`e]ne,
E. -gen.]
A portable apparatus for making soda water or a["e]rated
liquids on a small scale. --Knight.
Gazon \Ga*zon"\, n. [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.]
(Fort.)
One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and
the faces of earthworks.
Ge- \Ge-\
An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See {Y-}.
Geal \Geal\, v. i. [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See
{Gelid}.]
To congeal. [Obs. or Scot.]
Gean \Gean\, n. [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG.
w[=i]hsila, G. weichsel.] (Bot.)
A species of cherry tree common in Europe ({Prunus avium});
also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.
Geanticlinal \Ge`an*ti*cli"nal\, n. [Gr. ? the earth + E.
anticlinal.] (Geol.)
An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the
earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of
mountain elevations called anticlinoria; -- opposed to
geosynclinal.
Gear \Gear\, n. [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment,
armor, fr. gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garaw[=i],
garw[=i] ornament, dress. See {Yare}, and cf. {Garb} dress.]
1. Clothing; garments; ornaments.
Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear. --Spenser.
2. Goods; property; household stuff. --Chaucer.
Homely gear and common ware. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff
or material.
Clad in a vesture of unknown gear. --Spenser.
4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.
5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.]
Thus go they both together to their gear. --Spenser.
8. (Mech.)
(a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a
bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively.
(b) An apparatus for performing a special function;
gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe.
(c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out
of gear.
9. pl. (Naut.) See 1st {Jeer}
(b) .
10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
That servant of his that confessed and uttered this
gear was an honest man. --Latimer.
{Bever gear}. See {Bevel gear}.
{Core gear}, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See {Mortise
wheel}, under {Mortise}.
{Expansion gear} (Steam Engine), the arrangement of parts for
cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as
to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the
cut-off. See under {Expansion}.
{Feed gear}. See {Feed motion}, under {Feed}, n.
{Gear cutter}, a machine or tool for forming the teeth of
gear wheels by cutting.
{Gear wheel}, any cogwheel.
{Running gear}. See under {Running}.
{To throw} {in, or out of}, {gear} (Mach.), to connect or
disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or
out of, working relation.
Gear \Gear\v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Geared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gearing}.]
1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness.
2. (Mach.) To provide with gearing.
{Double geared}, driven through twofold compound gearing, to
increase the force or speed; -- said of a machine.
Gear \Gear\, v. i. (Mach.)
To be in, or come into, gear.
Gearing \Gear"ing\, n.
1. Harness.
2. (Mach.) The parts by which motion imparted to one portion
of an engine or machine is transmitted to another,
considered collectively; as, the valve gearing of
locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a train of wheels
for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.
{Frictional gearing}. See under {Frictional}.
{Gearing chain}, an endless chain transmitted motion from one
sprocket wheel to another. See Illust. of {Chain wheel}.
{Spur gearing}, gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged
round either the concave or the convex surface (properly
the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting
motion between parallel shafts, etc.
Geason \Gea"son\, a. [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g?sne
barren, wanting. Cf. {Geest}.]
Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Geat \Geat\, n. [See {Gate} a door.] (Founding)
The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a
mold in casting. [Written also {git}, {gate}.]
Gecarcinian \Ge`car*cin"i*an\, n. [Gr. ? earth + ? crab.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A land crab of the genus {Gecarcinus}, or of allied genera.
Geck \Geck\, n. [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel.
gikkr a pert, rude person.]
1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.]
2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.]
To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy.
--Shak.
Geck \Geck\, v. t. [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See {Geck}, n.]
1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.]
2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Geck \Geck\, v. i.
To jeer; to show contempt. --Sir W. Scott.
Gecko \Geck"o\ (g[e^]k"[-o]), n.; pl. {Geckoes} (-[=o]z). [Cf.
F. & G. gecko; -- so called from the sound which the animal
utters.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any lizard of the family {Geckonid[ae]}. The geckoes are
small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes
and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally
expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they
can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm
countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the
United States. See {Wall gecko}, {Fanfoot}.
Geckotian \Geck*o"tian\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A gecko.
Ged \Ged\, Gedd \Gedd\, n.
The European pike.
Gee \Gee\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Geed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Geeing}.]
1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] --Forby.
2. [Cf. G. j["u], interj., used in calling to a horse, It.
gi[`o], F. dia, used to turn a horse to the left.] To turn
to the off side, or from the driver (i.e., in the United
States, to the right side); -- said of cattle, or a team;
used most frequently in the imperative, often with off, by
drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to
haw, or hoi. [Written also {jee}.]
Note: In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side
of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand
side. In all cases, however, gee means to turn from the
driver, and haw to turn toward him.
{Gee ho}, or {Gee whoa}. Same as {Gee}.
Gee \Gee\, v. t. [See {Gee} to turn.]
To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the
driver. [Written also {jee}.]
Geer \Geer\, Geering \Geer"ing\ [Obs.]
See {Gear}, {Gearing}.
Geese \Geese\, n.,
pl. of {Goose}.
Geest \Geest\, n. [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and,
OFries. g[=e]st, g[=a]st, g[=e]stlond, g[=a]stlond, fr.
Fries. g[=a]st barren. Cf. {Geason}.]
Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin.
--R. Jameson.
Geet \Geet\, n. [See {Jet}.]
Jet. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Geez \Geez\, n.
The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or
people. See {Ethiopic}.
Gehenna \Ge*hen"na\ (g[-e]*h[e^]n"n[.a]), n. [L. Gehenna, Gr.
Ge`enna, Heb. G[=e] Hinn[=o]m.] (Jewish Hist.)
The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the
Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on
this account, was afterward regarded as a place of
abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the
city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent
pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is
transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black
Gehenna called, the type of Hell. --Milton.
Geic \Ge"ic\, a. [Gr. ? earth.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold.
{Geic acid}. (Chem.) See {Humin}.
Gein \Ge"in\, n. [Gr. ? earth.] (Chem.)
See {Humin}.
Geissler tube \Geis"sler tube`\ (Elec.)
A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and
containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes
luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it;
-- so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is
called also {Pl["u]cker tube}, from the German physicist who
devised it.
Geitonogamy \Gei"to*nog"a*my\, n. [Gr. ? neighbor + ? marriage.]
(Bot.)
Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the
same plant.
Gelable \Gel"a*ble\, a. [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable.
See {Geal}.]
Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into
jelly.
Gelada \Gel"a*da\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A baboon ({Gelada Ruppelli}) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the
length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult
male.
Gelastic \Ge*las"tic\, a. [Gr. ? inclined to laugh, from ? to
laugh.]
Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. ``Gelastic
muscles.'' --Sir T. Browne.
Gelatification \Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Gelatin + L. -ficare.
(in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.] (Physiol. Chem.)
The formation of gelatin.
Gelatigenous \Gel`a*tig"e*nous\, n. [Gelatin + -genous.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the
gelatigeneous tissues.
Gelatin \Gel"a*tin\, Gelatine \Gel"a*tine\, n. [F. g['e]latine,
fr. L. gelare to congeal. See {Geal}.] (Chem.)
Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues
by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a
nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal
body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on
the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as
tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing
character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a
jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of
calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food,
but its nutritious qualities are of a low order.
Note: Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use,
but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry
favors the form in -in, as in the United States
Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacop[oe]ia,
Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary.
{Blasting gelatin}, an explosive, containing about
ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion.
{Gelatin process}, a name applied to a number of processes in
the arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially:
(a) (Photog.) A dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as
a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material.
This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates
of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it.
(b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of
drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of
photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a
press with ink, or (in some applications of the process)
which can be used as the molds of stereotype or
electrotype plates.
(c) (Print. or Copying) A method of producing facsimile
copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink
upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin
softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken
upon ordinary paper.
{Vegetable gelatin}. See {Gliadin}.
Gelatinate \Ge*lat"i*nate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gelatinated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Gelatinating}.]
To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling
jelly.
Gelatinate \Ge*lat"i*nate\, v. i.
To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.
Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but
gelatinates with the mineral acids. --Kirwan.
Gelatination \Ge*lat`i*na"tion\, n.
The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance
like jelly.
Gelatine \Gel"a*tine\, n.
Same as {Gelatin}.
Gelatiniferous \Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous\, a. [Gelatin + -ferous.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of
gelatination.
Gelatiniform \Gel`a*tin"i*form\, a.
Having the form of gelatin.
Gelatinization \Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion\, n.
Same as {Gelatination}.
Gelatinize \Ge*lat"i*nize\, v. t.
1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as {Gelatinate}, v.
t.
2. (Photog.) To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.
Gelatinize \Ge*lat"i*nize\, v. i.
Same as {Gelatinate}, v. i.
Gelatinous \Ge*lat"i*nous\, a. [Cf. F. g['e]latineux.]
Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly;
resembling jelly; viscous.
Gelation \Ge*la"tion\, n. [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to
freeze.] (Astron.)
The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and
solidifying.
Geld \Geld\, n. [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr.
gieldan to pay, render. See {Yield}.]
Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.]
Note: This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in
danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes;
weregeld, compensation for the life of a man, etc.
Geld \Geld\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gelded} or Gelt (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Gelding}.] [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan.
gilde, Sw. g["a]lla, and cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt
dry, not giving milk, G. gelt, Goth. gilpa siclke.]
1. To castrate; to emasculate.
2. To deprive of anything essential.
Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. --Shak.
3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book,
or a story; to expurgate. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Geldable \Geld"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being gelded.
Geldable \Geld"a*ble\, a. [From {Geld} money.]
Liable to taxation. [Obs.] --Burrill.
Gelder \Geld"er\, n.
One who gelds or castrates.
Gelder-rose \Gel"der-rose\, n.
Same as {Guelder-rose}.
Gelding \Geld"ing\, n. [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to
geldingr wether, eunuch, Sw. g["a]lling gelding, Dan. gilding
eunuch. See {Geld}, v. t.]
A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but
formerly used also of the human male.
They went down both into the water, Philip and the
gelding, and Philip baptized him. --Wyclif (Acts
viii. 38).
Gelding \Geld"ing\, p. pr. a. & vb. n.
from {Geld}, v. t.
Gelid \Gel"id\, a. [L. gelidus, fr. gelun frost, cold. See
{Cold}, and cf. {Congeal}, {Gelatin}, {Jelly}.]
Cold; very cold; frozen. ``Gelid founts.'' --Thompson.
Gelidity \Ge*lid"i*ty\, n.
The state of being gelid.
Gelidly \Gel"id*ly\, adv.
In a gelid manner; coldly.
Gelidness \Gel"id*ness\, n.
The state of being gelid; gelidity.
Gelly \Gel"ly\, n.
Jelly. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Geloscopy \Ge*los"copy\, n. [Gr. ? to laugh + -scopy.]
Divination by means of laughter.
Gelose \Ge*lose"\, n. [See {Gelatin}.] (Chem.)
An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium,
agar-agar, and other seaweeds.
Gelsemic \Gel*se"mic\, a.
Gelseminic.
Gelsemine \Gel"se*mine\, n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine ({Gelsemium
sempervirens}), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance;
-- called also {gelsemia}.
Gelseminic \Gel`se*min"ic\, n. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine
({Gelsemium sempervirens}); as, gelseminic acid, a white
crystalline substance resembling esculin.
Gelsemium \Gel*se"mium\, n. [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false)
jasmine ({Gelsemium sempervirens}) is a native of the
Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously
fragrant flowers.
2. (Med.) The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial
fevers, etc.
Gelt \Gelt\, n. [See 1st {Geld}.]
Trubute, tax. [Obs.]
All these the king granted unto them . . . free from
all gelts and payments, in a most full and ample
manner. --Fuller.
Gelt \Gelt\, n. [See {Gelt}, v. t.]
A gelding. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Gelt \Gelt\, n.
Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Gem \Gem\, n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma
a precious stone, bud.]
1. (Bot.) A bud.
From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot
is raised called a gem. --Denham.
2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz,
sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and
polished for ornament; a jewel. --Milton.
3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits,
which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or
value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or
wise saying.
{Artificial gem}, an imitation of a gem, made of glass
colored with metallic oxide. Cf. {Paste}, and {Strass}.
Gem \Gem\ v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gemmed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gemming}]
1. To put forth in the form of buds. ``Gemmed their
blossoms.'' [R.] --Milton.
2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.
3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed
with dewdrops.
England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces.
--W. Irving.
Gemara \Ge*ma"ra\, n. [Heb.] (Jewish Law)
The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the
Mishna (which forms the first part or text).
Gemaric \Ge*mar"ic\, a.
Pertaining to the Gemara.
Gemarist \Ge*ma"rist\, n.
One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.
Gemel \Gem"el\, a. [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin,
doubled, dim. of geminus. See {Gemini}, and cf. {Gimmal}.]
(Her.)
Coupled; paired.
{Bars gemel} (Her.), two barrulets placed near and parallel
to each other.
Gemel \Gem"el\, n.
1. One of the twins. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
2. (Heb.) One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to
each other. Cf. {Bars gemel}, under {Gemel}, a.
Two gemels silver between two griffins passant.
--Strype.
{Gemel hinge} (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or
loop and a hook.
{Gemel ring}, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See
{Gimbal}.
{Gemel window}, a window with two bays.
Gemellipa-rous \Gem`el*lip"a-rous\, a. [L. gemellipara, fem.,
gemellus twin + parere to bear, produce.]
Producing twins. [R.] --Bailey.
Geminal \Gem"i*nal\, a. [L. geminus twin.]
A pair. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Geminate \Gem"i*nate\, a. [L. geminatus, p. p. of genimare to
double. See {Gemini}.] (Bot.)
In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate
flowers. --Gray.
Geminate \Gem"i*nate\, v. t.
To double. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Gemination \Gem`i*na"tion\, n. [L. geminatio.]
A doubling; duplication; repetition. [R.] --Boyle.
Gemini \Gem"i*ni\, n. pl. [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr.
j?mi related as brother or sister.] (Astron.)
A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright
stars Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of the zodiac,
which the sun enters about May 20th.
Geminiflorous \Gem`i*ni*flo"rous\, a. [L. geminus twin + flos,
floris, flower.] (Bot.)
Having the flowers arranged in pairs.
Geminous \Gem"i*nous\, a. [L. geminus.]
Double; in pairs. --Sir T. Browne.
Geminy \Gemi*ny\, n. [See {Gemini}.]
Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] --Shak.
Gemitores \Gem`i*to"res\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum,
to sign, moan.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of birds including the true pigeons.
Gemma \Gem"ma\, n.; pl. {Gemm[ae]}. [L., a bud.]
1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.
2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in
the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one
at a time from the parent cell.
Gemmaceous \Gem*ma"ceous\, a.
Of or pertaining to gems or to gemm[ae]; of the nature of, or
resembling, gems or gemm[ae].
Gemmary \Gem"ma*ry\, a. [L. gemmarius. See {Gem}.]
Of or pertaining to gems.
Gemmary \Gem"ma*ry\, n.
A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or
gems, collectively.
Gemmate \Gem"mate\, a. [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put
forth buds, fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.)
Having buds; reproducing by buds.
Gemmated \Gem"ma*ted\, a.
Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.
Gemmation \Gem*ma"tion\, n. [Cf. F. gemmation.]
1. (Biol.) The formation of a new individual, either animal
or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method
of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See {Budding}.
2. (Bot.) The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of
leaves in the bud.
Gemmeous \Gem"me*ous\, a. [L. gemmeus. See {Gem}.]
Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems.
--Pennant.
Gemmiferous \Gem*mif"er*ous\, a. [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F.
gemmif[`e]re.]
Producing gems or buds; (Biol.) multiplying by buds.
Gemmification \Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. gemma bud + -ficare
(in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.] (Biol.)
The production of a bud or gem.
Gemmiflorate \Gem`mi*flo"rate\, a. [L. gemma bud + flos, floris,
flower.] (Bot.)
Having flowers like buds.
Gemminess \Gem"mi*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.
Gemmipara \Gem*mip"a*ra\Gemmipares \Gem*mip"a*res\n. pl. [NL.,
fr. L. gemma bud + parere to produce.] (Zo["o]l.)
Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.
Gemmiparity \Gem`mi*par"i*ty\, n. (Biol.)
Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See {Budding}.
Gemmiparous \Gem*mip"a*rous\, a. [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.)
Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See {Gemmation}, 1.
Gemmosity \Gem*mos"i*ty\, n. [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See
{Gem}.]
The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.]
--Bailey.
Gemmulation \Gem`mu*la"tion\, n. [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma
bud.] (Biol.)
See {Gemmation}.
Gemmule \Gem"mule\, n. [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F.
gemmule. See {Gem}.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the
cotyledons.
(b) One of the buds of mosses.
(c) One of the reproductive spores of alg[ae].
(d) An ovule.
2. (Biol.)
(a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation.
(b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which,
according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are
continually being thrown off from every cell or unit,
and circulate freely throughout the system, and when
supplied with proper nutriment multiply by
self-division and ultimately develop into cells like
those from which they were derived. They are supposed
to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring,
but are often transmitted in a dormant state during
many generations and are then developed. See
{Pangenesis}.
Gemmuliferous \Gem`mu*lif"er*ous\, a. [Gemmule + -ferous.]
Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.
Gemmy \Gem"my\, a. [From {Gem}, n.]
1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem.
The gemmy bridle glittered free. --Tennyson.
2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]
Gemote \Ge*mote"\, n. [As. gem?t an assembly. See {Meet}, v. t.]
(AS. Hist.)
A meeting; -- used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an
assembly of the wise men.
Gems \Gems\, n. [G.] (Zo["o]l.)
The chamois.
Gemsbok \Gems"bok\, n. [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck
of the chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A South African antelope ({Oryx Capensis}), having long,
sharp, nearly straight horns.
Gems-horn \Gems"-horn`\, n. [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.)
An organ stop with conical tin pipes.
Gemul \Ge*mul"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small South American deer ({Furcifer Chilensis}), with
simple forked horns. [Written also {guemul}.]
-gen \-gen\ [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos
race, stock (see {Genus}). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born.
Cf. F. -g[`e]ne.]
1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of
producing, generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen.
2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen.
Gena \Ge"na\, [L., the cheek.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of
a bird.
(b) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect
are attached.
Genappe \Ge*nappe"\, n. [From Genappe, in Belgium.]
A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the
manufacture of braid, fringe, etc. --Simmonds.
Gendarme \Gen`darme"\, n.; pl. {Gendarmes}, or {Gens d'armes}.
[F.]
1. (Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France]
2. An armed policeman in France. --Thackeray.
Gendarmery \Gen*darm"er*y\, n. [F. gendarmerie.]
The body of gendarmes.
Gender \Gen"der\, n. [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F.
genre, fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind,
gender, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass.,
to be born, akin to E. kin. See {Kin}, and cf. {Generate},
{Genre}, {Gentle}, {Genus}.]
1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] ``One gender of herbs.'' --Shak.
2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.]
3. (Gram.) A classification of nouns, primarily according to
sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed
quality associated with sex.
Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to
words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies
to living objects. --R. Morris.
Note: Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when
the form is varied according to the gender of the words
to which they refer.
Gender \Gen"der\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gendered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gendering}.] [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See {Gender},
n.]
To beget; to engender.
Gender \Gen"der\, v. i.
To copulate; to breed. [R.] --Shak.
Genderless \Gen"der*less\, a.
Having no gender.
Geneagenesis \Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis\, n. [Gr. ? race + E. genesis.]
(Biol.)
Alternate generation. See under {Generation}.
Genealogic \Gen`e*a*log"ic\, a.
Genealogical.
Genealogical \Gen`e*a*log"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
g['e]n['e]alogique.]
Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table;
genealogical order. -- {Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly}, adv.
{Genealogical tree}, a family lineage or genealogy drawn out
under the form of a tree and its branches.
Genealogist \Gen`e*al"o*gist\, n. [Cf. F. g['e]n['e]alogiste.]
One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or
families.
Genealogize \Gen`e*al"o*gize\, v. i.
To investigate, or relate the history of, descents.
Genealogy \Gen`e*al"o*gy\, n.; pl. {Genealogies}. [OE.
genealogi, genelogie, OF. genelogie, F. g['e]n['e]alogie, L.
genealogia, fr. Gr. ?; ? birth, race, descent (akin to L.
genus) + ? discourse.]
1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family
from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their
children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.
2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor;
pedigree; lineage.
Genearch \Gen"e*arch\, n. [Gr. ?; ? race + ? a leader.]
The chief of a family or tribe.
Genera \Gen"e*ra\, n. pl.
See {Genus}.
Generability \Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty\, n.
Capability of being generated. --Johnstone.
Generable \Gen"er*a*ble\, a. [L. generabilis.]
Capable of being generated or produced. --Bentley.
General \Gen"er*al\, a. [F. g['e]n['e]ral, fr. L. generalis. See
{Genus}.]
1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class
or order; as, a general law of animal or vegetable
economy.
2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or
particular; including all particulars; as, a general
inference or conclusion.
3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not
specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a
loose and general expression.
4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread;
prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general
opinion; a general custom.
This general applause and cheerful shout Argue your
wisdom and your love to Richard. --Shak.
5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam,
our general sire. --Milton.
6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part.
His general behavior vain, ridiculous. --Shak.
7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or
method.
Note: The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually
denotes chief or superior; as, attorney-general;
adjutant general; commissary general; quartermaster
general; vicar-general, etc.
{General agent} (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to
transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act
in his affairs generally.
{General assembly}. See the Note under {Assembly}.
{General average}, {General Court}. See under {Average},
{Court}.
{General court-martial} (Mil.), the highest military and
naval judicial tribunal.
{General dealer} (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all
articles in common use.
{General demurrer} (Law), a demurrer which objects to a
pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without
specifying the defects. --Abbott.
{General epistle}, a canonical epistle.
{General guides} (Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and
the left, general guide) posted opposite the right and
left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy
in marching. --Farrow.
{General hospitals} (Mil.), hospitals established to receive
sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals. --Farrow.
{General issue} (Law), an issue made by a general plea, which
traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once,
without offering any special matter to evade it.
--Bouvier. --Burrill.
{General lien} (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc.,
until payment is made of any balance due on a general
account.
{General officer} (Mil.), any officer having a rank above
that of colonel.
{General orders} (Mil.), orders from headquarters published
to the whole command.
{General practitioner}, in the United States, one who
practices medicine in all its branches without confining
himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices
both as physician and as surgeon.
{General ship}, a ship not chartered or let to particular
parties.
{General term} (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general
conception or notion.
{General verdict} (Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict
in civil actions, ``for the plaintiff'' or ``for the
defendant''. --Burrill.
{General warrant} (Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend
suspected persons, without naming individuals.
Syn: Syn. {General}, {Common}, {Universal}.
Usage: Common denotes primarily that in which many share; and
hence, that which is often met with. General is
stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority
of the individuals which compose a genus, or whole.
Universal, that which pertains to all without
exception. To be able to read and write is so common
an attainment in the United States, that we may
pronounce it general, though by no means universal.
General \Gen"er*al\, n. [F. g['e]n['e]ral. See {General}., a.]
1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to
all, or the chief part; -- opposed to particular.
In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads
itself by degrees to generals. --Locke.
2. (Mil.) One of the chief military officers of a government
or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not
less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest
military rank next below field marshal.
Note: In the United States the office of General of the Army
has been created by temporary laws, and has been held
only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H.
Sheridan.
Popularly, the title General is given to various general
officers, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general,
Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See {Brigadier
general}, {Lieutenant general}, {Major general}, in the
Vocabulary.
3. (Mil.) The roll of the drum which calls the troops
together; as, to beat the general.
4. (Eccl.) The chief of an order of monks, or of all the
houses or congregations under the same rule.
5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] --Shak.
{In general}, in the main; for the most part.
Generalia \Gen`e*ra"li*a\, n. pl. [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.]
Generalities; general terms. --J. S. Mill.
Generalissimo \Gen`er*al*is"si*mo\, n. [It., superl. of generale
general. See {General}, a.]
The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in
chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions
under separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign
countries.
Generality \Gen`er*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Generalities}. [L.
generalitas: cf. F. g['e]n['e]ralit['e]. Cf. {Generalty}.]
1. The state of being general; the quality of including
species or particulars. --Hooker.
2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness,
practicalness, or application; a general or vague
statement or phrase.
Let us descend from generalities to particulars.
--Landor.
The glittering and sounding generalities of natural
right which make up the Declaration of Independence.
--R. Choate.
3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the
generality of a nation, or of mankind.
Generalizable \Gen"er*al*i`za*ble\, a.
Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of
statement, or brought under a general rule.
Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable. --Coleridge
Generalization \Gen`er*al*i*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F.
g['e]n['e]ralisation.]
1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing
individuals or particulars under a genus or class;
deduction of a general principle from particulars.
Generalization is only the apprehension of the one
in the many. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. A general inference.
Generalize \Gen"er*al*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Generalized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Generalizing}.] [Cf. F. g['e]n['e]raliser.]
1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in
relation to a genus or to genera.
Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by
merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton
generalized them still more by referring this last
to the motion of a stone through the air. --W.
Nicholson.
2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more
extensive application; to extend so as to include all
special cases; to make universal in application, as a
formula or rule.
When a fact is generalized, our discontent is
quited, and we consider the generality itself as
tantamount to an explanation. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general
principle) from particulars.
A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude
of facts. --Coleridge.
Generalize \Gen"er*al*ize\, v. i.
To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a
genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.
Generalized \Gen"er*al*ized\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Comprising structural characters which are separated in more
specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized type.
Generalizer \Gen"er*al*i`zer\, n.
One who takes general or comprehensive views. --Tyndall.
Generally \Gen"er*al*ly\, adv.
1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally;
most frequently.
2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main;
upon the whole; comprehensively.
Generally speaking, they live very quietly.
--Addison.
3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.]
I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto
thee. --2 Sam. xvii.
ll.
Generalness \Gen"er*al*ness\, n.
The condition or quality of being general; frequency;
commonness. --Sir P. Sidney.
Generalship \Gen"er*al*ship\, n.
1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of
a general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the
personality of a general.
Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene.
--Goldsmith.
2. Military skill in a general officer or commander.
3. Fig.: Leadership; management.
An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a
dust. --Sterne.
Generalty \Gen"er*al*ty\, n.
Generality. [R.] --Sir M. Hale.
Generant \Gen"er*ant\, a. [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.]
Generative; producing; esp. (Geom.), acting as a generant.
Generant \Gen"er*ant\, n.
1. That which generates. --Glanvill.
2. (Geom.) A generatrix.
Generate \Gen"er*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Generated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Generating}.] [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to
generate, fr. genus. See {Genus}, {Gender}.]
1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being
similar to the parent); to engender; as, every animal
generates its own species.
2. To cause to be; to bring into life. --Milton.
3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process;
to produce; to cause.
Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must
likewise generate milk. --Arbuthnot.
4. (Math.) To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the
motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order.
Generation \Gen`er*a"tion\, n. [OE. generacioun, F.
g['e]n['e]ration, fr.L. generatio.]
1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of
animals.
2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or
vital; production; formation; as, the generation of
sounds, of gases, of curves, etc.
3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny;
offspiring.
4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural
descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of
those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from
an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period;
also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period
of time at which one rank follows another, or father is
succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a
century; an age.
This is the book of the generations of Adam. --Gen.
v. 1.
Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and
for a long season, namely, seven generations.
--Baruch vi.
3.
All generations and ages of the Christian church.
--Hooker.
5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock.
Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a
dog? --Shak.
6. (Geom.) The formation or production of any geometrical
magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion,
in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a
magnitude; as, the generation of a line or curve by the
motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a
semicircle, etc.
7. (Biol.) The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which
attend reproduction.
Note: There are four modes of generation in the animal
kingdom: scissiparity or by fissiparous generation,
gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or by germs, and
oviparity or by ova.
{Alternate generation} (Biol.), alternation of sexual with
asexual generation, in which the products of one process
differ from those of the other, -- a form of reproduction
common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the
simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation
produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically.
These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and
from their impregnated germs the original parent form is
reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of
organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to
others by a like process, and these in turn to still other
generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed
which develops sexual organs, and the original form is
reproduced.
{Spontaneous generation} (Biol.), the fancied production of
living organisms without previously existing parents from
inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a
notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.
Generative \Gen"er*a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. g['e]n['e]ratif.]
Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or
producing. ``That generative particle.'' --Bentley.
Generator \Gen"er*a`tor\, n. [L.]
1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or
produces.
2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid
or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam
boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid
gas, etc.
3. (Mus.) The principal sound or sounds by which others are
produced; the fundamental note or root of the common
chord; -- called also {generating tone}.
Generatrix \Gen`er*a"trix\, n.; pl. L. {Generatrices}, E.
{Generatrixes}. [L.] (Geom.)
That which generates; the point, or the mathematical
magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude,
as a line, surface, or solid; -- called also {describent}.
Generic \Ge*ner"ic\, Generical \Ge*ner"ic*al\, a. [L. genus,
generis, race, kind: cf. F. g['e]n['e]rique. See {Gender}.]
1. (Biol.) Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a
genus, as distinct from a species, or from another genus;
as, a generic description; a generic difference; a generic
name.
2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large
classes or their characteristics; -- opposed to
{specific}.
Generically \Ge*ner"ic*al*ly\, adv.
With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal
generically distinct from another, or two animals or plants
generically allied.
Genericalness \Ge*ner"ic*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being generic.
Generification \Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. genus kind, class +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
The act or process of generalizing.
Out of this the universal is elaborated by
generification. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Generosity \Gen`er*os"i*ty\, n. [L. generositas: cf. F.
g['e]n['e]rosit['e].]
1. Noble birth. [Obs.] --Harris (Voyages).
2. The quality of being noble; noble-mindedness.
Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid
estimation of other men's virtues and good
qualities. --Barrow.
3. Liberality in giving; munificence.
Syn: Magnanimity; liberality.
Generous \Gen"er*ous\, a. [F. g['e]n['e]reux, fr. L. generous of
noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth,
race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d {Gender}.]
1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.]
The generous and gravest citizens. --Shak.
2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded
as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous;
spirited; courageous. ``The generous critic.'' --Pope.
``His generous spouse.'' --Pope. ``A generous pack [of
hounds].'' --Addison.
3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly;
munificent; as, a generous friend or father.
4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a
generous table. --Swift.
5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as,
generous wine.
Syn: Magnanimous; bountiful. See {Liberal}. --
{Gen"er*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Gen"er*ous*ness}, n.
Genesee epoch \Gen`e*see" ep"och\ (Geol.)
The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the
American Devonian system; -- so called because the formations
of this period crop out in Genesee, New York.
Genesial \Ge*ne"sial\, a.
Of or relating to generation.
Genesiolgy \Ge*ne`si*ol"gy\, n. [Gr. ? birth + -logy.]
The doctrine or science of generation.
Genesis \Gen"e*sis\, n. [L., from Gr. ge`nesis, fr. the root of
gi`gnesqai to beget, be born; akin to L. genus birth, race.
See {Gender}.]
1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to
anything; the process or mode of originating; production;
formation; origination.
The origin and genesis of poor Sterling's club.
--Carlyle.
2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the
Greek translators, from its containing the history of the
creation of the world and of the human race.
3. (Geom.) Same as {Generation}.
Genet \Gen"et\ (j[e^]n"[e^]t or j[-e]*n[e^]t"), Genette
\Ge*nette"\ (j[-e]*n[e^]t"), n. [F. genette, Sp. gineta, fr. Ar.
jarnei[.t].]
1. (Zo["o]l.) One of several species of small Carnivora of
the genus {Genetta}, allied to the civets, but having the
scent glands less developed, and without a pouch.
Note: The common genet ({Genetta vulgaris}) of Southern
Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray,
spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black
and white. The Cape genet ({G. felina}), and the berbe
({G. pardina}), are related African species.
2. The fur of the common genet ({Genetta vulgaris}); also,
any skin dressed in imitation of this fur.
Genet \Gen"et\, n. [See {Jennet}.]
A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet.
--Shak.
Genethliac \Ge*neth"li*ac\, a. [L. genethliacus, Gr. ?, fr. ?
belonging to one's birth, gene`qlh birth, fr. gi`gnesqai to
be born.]
Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing
position of stars at one's birth. --Howell.
Genethliac \Ge*neth"li*ac\, n.
1. A birthday poem.
2. One skilled in genethliacs.
Genethliacal \Gen`eth*li"a*cal\, a.
Genethliac.
Genethliacs \Ge*neth"li*acs\, n.
The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the
future events of life from the stars which preside at birth.
--Jhonson.
Genethlialogy \Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? astrology;
gene`qlh birth + ? discourse.]
Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or
art of casting nativities; astrology.
Genethliatic \Ge*neth`li*at"ic\, n.
One who calculates nativities. --Sir W. Drummond.
Genetic \Ge*net"ic\, a.
Same as {Genetical}.
Genetical \Ge*net"ic*al\, a. [See {Genesis}.]
Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis
of anything, or its natural mode of production or
development.
This historical, genetical method of viewing prior
systems of philosophy. --Hare.
Genetically \Ge*net"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a genetical manner.
Geneva \Ge*ne"va\, n.
The chief city of Switzerland.
{Geneva Bible}, a translation of the Bible into English, made
and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560;
London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in
Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first
which recognized the division into verses, and the first
which omitted the Apocrypha. In form it was a small
quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's
translation. Called also {Genevan Bible}.
{Geneva convention} (Mil.), an agreement made by
representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva
and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane
regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded
and the status of those who minister to them in war.
Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and
this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and
the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention
in 1865.
{Geneva cross} (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground;
-- the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.
Geneva \Ge*ne"va\, n. [F. geni[`e]vre juniper, juniper berry,
gin, OF. geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree:
cf. D. jenever, fr. F. geni[`e]vre. See {Juniper}, and cf.
{Gin} a liquor.]
A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavored with juniper berries;
-- made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands.
Genevan \Ge*ne"van\, a.
Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.
Genevan \Ge*ne"van\, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva.
2. A supported of Genevanism.
Genevanism \Ge*ne"van*ism\, n. [From Geneva, where Calvin
resided.]
Strict Calvinism. --Bp. Montagu.
Genevese \Gen`e*vese"\, a. [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. g['e]nevois.]
Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan. -- n.
sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively,
the inhabitants of Geneva; people of Geneva.
Genial \Ge*ni"al\, a. (Anat.)
Same as {Genian}.
Genial \Gen"ial\, a. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See
{Genius}.]
1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or
production; generative; procreative; productive. ``The
genial bed.'' --Milton.
Creator Venus, genial power of love. --Dryden.
2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of
life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and
inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and
sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful
and genial disposition.
So much I feel my genial spirits droop. --Milton.
3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native;
natural; inborn. [Obs.]
Natural incapacity and genial indisposition. --Sir
T. Browne.
4. Denoting or marked with genius; belonging to the higher
nature. [R.]
Men of genius have often attached the highest value
to their less genial works. --Hare.
{Genial gods} (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside
over marriage and generation.
Geniality \Ge`ni*al"i*ty\, n. [L. genialitas.]
The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth
of disposition and manners.
Genially \Gen"ial*ly\, adv.
1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.]
Some men are genially disposed to some opinions.
--Glanvill.
2. Gayly; cheerfully. --Johnson.
Genialness \Gen"ial*ness\, n.
The quality of being genial.
Genian \Ge*ni"an\, a. [Gr. ? chin; akin to ? under jaw. Cf.
{Chin}.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the genian
prominence.
Geniculate \Ge*nic"u*late\, a. [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum
little knee, knot or joint, dim. of genu knee. See {Knee}.]
Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; as, a
geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin
crystal.
Geniculate \Ge*nic"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Geniculated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Geniculating}.]
To form joints or knots on. [R.] --Cockeram.
Geniculated \Ge*nic"u*la`ted\, a.
Same as {Geniculate}.
Geniculation \Ge*nic`u*la"tion\, n. [L. geniculatio a kneeling.]
1. The act of kneeling. [R.] --Bp. Hall.
2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.
G'enie \G['e]`nie\, n. [F.]
See {Genius}.
Genio \Ge"ni*o\, n. [It. See {Genius}.]
A man of a particular turn of mind. [R.] --Tatler.
Geniohyoid \Ge`ni*o*hy"oid\, a. [Gr. ? the chin + E. hyoid.]
(Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the
geniohyoid muscle.
Genipap \Gen"i*pap\, n. (Bot.)
The edible fruit of a West Indian tree ({Genipa Americana})
of the order {Rubiace[ae]}. It is oval in shape, as a large
as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark
purple juice.
Genista \Ge*nis"ta\, n. [L., broom.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants including the common broom of Western
Europe.
Genital \Gen"i*tal\, a. [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to
beget: cf. F. g['e]nital. See {Gender}.]
Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs.
{Genital cord} (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus by the
union of portions of the Wolffian and M["u]llerian ducts
and giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in
both sexes.
Genitals \Gen"i*tals\, n. pl. [From {Genital}, a.: cf. L.
genitalia.]
The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private
parts.
Geniting \Gen"i*ting\, n. [See {Jenneting}.]
A species of apple that ripens very early. --Bacon.
Genitival \Gen`i*ti"val\, a.
Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the
genitive case; as, a genitival adverb. -- {Gen`i*ti"val*ly},
adv.
Genitive \Gen"i*tive\, a. [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum,
to beget: cf. F. g['e]nitif. See {Gender}.] (Gram.)
Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin
and Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession. It
corresponds to the possessive case in English.
Genitive \Gen"i*tive\, n. (Gram.)
The genitive case.
{Genitive absolute}, a construction in Greek similar to the
ablative absolute in Latin. See {Ablative absolute}.
Genitocrural \Gen`i*to*cru"ral\, a. [Genital + crural.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; -- applied
especially to one of the lumbar nerves.
Genitor \Gen"i*tor\, n. [L.]
1. One who begets; a generator; an originator. --Sheldon.
2. pl. The genitals. [Obs.] --Holland.
Genitourinary \Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry\, a. [Genital + urinary.]
(Anat.)
See {Urogenital}.
Geniture \Gen"i*ture\, n. [L. genitura: cf. F. g['e]niture.]
Generation; procreation; birth. --Dryden.
Genius \Gen"ius\, n.; pl. E. {Geniuses}; in sense 1, L. {Genii}.
[L. genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is
innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius
of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from genere,
gignere, to beget, bring forth. See {Gender}, and cf.
{Engine}.]
1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients
to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity;
a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. {Jinnee}.
The unseen genius of the wood. --Milton.
We talk of genius still, but with thought how
changed! The genius of Augustus was a tutelary
demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an
altar as a deity. --Tylor.
2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual
is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind
which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for
certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit;
special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a genius
for history, for poetry, or painting.
3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a
religion, a language.
4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual
power; especially, superior power of invention or
origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations;
as, a man of genius.
Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual
intensity of the modifyng power. --Coleridge.
5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of
superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a
rare genius.
Syn: {Genius}, {Talent}.
Usage: Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature,
impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental
effort, and producing new combinations of ideas,
imagery, etc. Talent supposes general strength of
intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded
and directed to specific employments and valuable ends
and purposes. Genius is connected more or less with
the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a
kind of intuitive power. Talent depends more on high
mental training, and a perfect command of all the
faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we
speak of a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a
talent for business or diplomacy. Among English
orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his
genius; William Pitt for his pre["e]minent talents,
and especially his unrivaled talent for debate.
{Genius loci}[L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a
place; hence, the pervading spirit of a place or
institution, as of a college, etc.
Genoese \Gen`o*ese"\, a.
Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy. -- n. sing. & pl.
A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of
Genoa.
Genouillere \Ge*nouil`l[`e]re"\, n. [F.]
1. (Anc. Armor) A metal plate covering the knee.
2. (Fort.) That part of a parapet which lies between the gun
platform and the bottom of an embrasure.
-genous \-ge*nous\ [-gen + -ous.]
A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as, alkaligenous;
endogenous.
Genre \Genre\ (zh[aum]N"r'), n. [F. See {Gender}.] (Fine Arts)
A style of painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which
illustrates everyday life and manners.
Gens \Gens\ (j[e^]nz), n.; pl. {Gentes} (j[e^]n"t[=e]z). [L. See
{Gentle}, a.] (Rom. Hist.)
1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of
the same stock, who had a common name and certain common
religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or
tribe.
2. (Ethnol.) A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American
aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent,
and bear the same totem.
Gent \Gent\, a. [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.)
fr. gentilis. See {Genteel}.]
1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.]
All of a knight [who] was fair and gent. --Chaucer.
2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Her body gent and small. --Chaucer.
Genteel \Gen*teel"\, a. [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See
{Gentle}.]
1. Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded
as belonging to high birth and breeding; free from
vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior; adapted to a
refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred; as,
genteel company, manners, address.
2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or
manner; as, the lady has a genteel person. Law.
3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live
in a genteel allowance.
Syn: Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.
Genteelish \Gen*teel"ish\, a.
Somewhat genteel.
Genteelly \Gen*teel"ly\, adv.
In a genteel manner.
Genteelness \Gen*teel"ness\, n.
The quality of being genteel.
Genterie \Gen"ter*ie\, Gentrie \Gen"trie\, n. [OE. See
{Gentry}.]
Nobility of birth or of character; gentility. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Gentian \Gen"tian\, n. [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L. gentiana,
fr. Gentius, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its
properties.] (Bot.)
Any one of a genus ({Gentiana}) of herbaceous plants with
opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla,
usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See
Illust. of {Capsule}.
Note: Many species are found on the highest mountains of
Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for
their beauty, as the Alpine ({Gentiana verna},
{Bavarica}, and {excisa}), and the American fringed
gentians ({G. crinita} and {G. detonsa}). Several are
used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of
{Gentiana lutea}, the officinal gentian of the
pharmacop[oe]ias.
{Horse gentian}, fever root.
{Yellow gentian} (Bot.), the officinal gentian ({Gentiana
lutea}). See {Bitterwort}.
Gentianaceous \Gen`tian*a"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants
({Gentianace[ae]}) of which the gentian is the type.
Gentianella \Gen`tian*el"la\, n. [See {Gentian}.]
A kind of blue color. --Johnson.
Gentianic \Gen`ti*an"ic\, a.
Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as, gentianic
acid.
Gentianine \Gen"tian*ine\, n. (Chem.)
A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian.
Gentianose \Gen"tian*ose`\, n. (Chem.)
A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly
sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.
Gentil \Gen"til\, a. & n.
Gentle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gentile \Gen"tile\, n. [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan,
stock, race, people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a
foreigner; in opposition to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf.
F. gentil. See {Gentle}, a.]
One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a
Christian; a worshiper of false gods; a heathen.
Note: The Hebrews included in the term g[=o]yim, or nations,
all the tribes of men who had not received the true
faith, and were not circumcised. The Christians
translated g[=o]yim by the L. gentes, and imitated the
Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who
were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the
denomination was given to all nations who were not
Romans.
Syn: Pagan; heathen. See {Pagan}.
Gentile \Gen"tile\, a.
1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from
the Jews; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.
2. (Gram.) Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or
adjective.
Gentile-falcon \Gen"tile-fal`con\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Falcon-gentil}.
Gentilesse \Gen`ti*lesse"\, n. [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F.
gentillesse. See {Gentle}. a.]
Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gentilish \Gen"til*ish\, a.
Heathenish; pagan.
Gentilism \Gen"til*ism\, n. [Cf. F. gentilisme.]
1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.
2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens.
Gentilitial \Gen`ti*li"tial\, Gentilitious \Gen`ti*li"tious\, a.
[L. gentilitius. See {Gentile}.] [Obs.]
1. Peculiar to a people; national. --Sir T. Browne.
2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. --Arbuthnot.
Gentility \Gen*til"i*ty\, n. [L. gentilitas the relationship of
those who belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F.
gentilit['e] heathenism. See {Gentile}.]
1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. --Macaulay.
He . . . mines my gentility with my education.
--Shak.
2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well
born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy,
politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and
behavior, etc.; good breeding.
3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be,
genteel; the gentry. [R.] --Sir J. Davies.
4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Gentilize \Gen"til*ize\, v. i. [See {Gentile}.]
1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] --Milton.
2. To act the gentleman; -- with it (see {It}, 5). [Obs.]
Gentilize \Gen"til*ize\, v. i.
To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize your
unworthy sones. [R.] --Sylvester.
Gentilly \Gen"til*ly\, adv. [From {Gentil}, a.]
In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gentiopikrin \Gen`ti*o*pi"krin\, n. [Gentian + Gr. ? bitter.]
(Chem.)
A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a
glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.
Gentisin \Gen"ti*sin\, n. (Chem.)
A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the
gentian; -- called also {gentianin}.
Gentle \Gen"tle\, a. [Compar. {Gentler}; superl. {Gentlest}.]
[OE. gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L.
gentilis of the same clan or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe,
clan, race, orig. that which belongs together by birth, fr.
the root of genere, gignere, to beget; hence gentle,
properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble
birth. See {Gender}, and cf. {Genteel}, {Gentil}, {Gentile},
{Gentoo}, {Jaunty}.]
1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though
not noble.
British society is divided into nobility, gentry,
and yeomanry, and families are either noble, gentle,
or simple. --Johnson's
Cyc.
The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought
to bestow their time. --Milton.
2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern;
mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature,
temper, or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address;
a gentle voice.
3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation;
as, gentle reader. ``Gentle sirs.'' ``Gentle Jew.''
``Gentle servant.'' --Shak.
4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile;
tame; peaceable; as, a gentle horse.
5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or
disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a
gentle gallop . ``Gentle music.'' --Sir J. Davies.
O sleep! it is a gentle thing. --Coleridge.
{The gentle craft}, the art or trade of shoemaking.
Syn: Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific;
bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile.
Usage: {Gentle}, {Tame}, {Mild}, {Meek}. Gentle describes the
natural disposition; tame, that which is subdued by
training; mild implies a temper which is, by nature,
not easily provoked; meek, a spirit which has been
schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The
lamb is gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John, the
Apostle, was mild; Moses was meek.
Gentle \Gen"tle\, n.
1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.]
Gentles, methinks you frown. --Shak.
2. A trained falcon. See {Falcon-gentil}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A dipterous larva used as fish bait.
Gentle \Gent"le\, v. t.
1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble.
[Obs.] --Shak.
2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.]
To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and
think it is a plain. --Young.
3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.]
Gentlefolk \Gen"tle*folk`\, Gentlefolks \Gen"tle*folks`\, n. pl.
Persons of gentle or good family and breeding. [Generally in
the United States in the plural form.] --Shak.
Gentle-hearted \Gen"tle-heart`ed\, a.
Having a kind or gentle disposition. --Shak. --
{Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness}, n.
Gentleman \Gen"tle*man\, n.; pl. {Gentlemen}. [OE. gentilman
nobleman; gentil noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.]
1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the
condition of a yeoman.
2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred man.
3. (Her.) One who bears arms, but has no title.
4. The servant of a man of rank.
The count's gentleman, one Cesario. --Shak.
5. A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp. in the
plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular
assemblies, etc.
Note: In Great Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a
limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who
are without a title, and, in this sense, gentlemen hold
a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a
more extended sense, it includes every man above the
rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the
United States, the term is applied to men of education
and good breeding of every occupation.
{Gentleman commoner}, one of the highest class of commoners
at the University of Oxford.
{Gentleman usher}, one who ushers visitors into the presence
of a sovereign, etc.
{Gentleman usher of the black rod}, an usher belonging to the
Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as
official messenger of the House of Lords.
{Gentlemen-at-arms}, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the
sovereign on state occasions; formerly called {gentlemen
pensioners}. [Eng.]
Gentlemanhood \Gen"tle*man*hood\, n.
The qualities or condition of a gentleman. [R.] --Thackeray.
Gentlemanlike \Gen"tle*man*like`\, Gentlemanly \Gen"tle*man*ly\,
a.
Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman;
well-behaved; courteous; polite.
Gentlemanliness \Gen"tle*man*li*ness\, n.
The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or
manners.
Gentlemanship \Gen"tle*man*ship\, n.
The carriage or quality of a gentleman.
Gentleness \Gen"tle*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild,
benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners,
disposition, etc.; mildness.
Gentleship \Gen"tle*ship\, n.
The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.] --Ascham.
Gentlesse \Gent"lesse\, n.
Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.]
Gentlewoman \Gen"tle*wom`an\, n.; pl. {Gentlewomen}.
1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above
the vulgar. --Bacon.
2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. --Shak.
Gently \Gen"tly\, adv.
In a gentle manner.
My mistress gently chides the fault I made. --Dryden.
Gentoo \Gen*too"\, n.; pl. {Gentoos}. [Pg. gentio gentile,
heathen. See {Gentile}.]
A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic]
Gentry \Gen"try\, n. [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth,
nobility, cf. gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E.
gentilesse, also OE. genteleri high-mindedness. See {Gent},
a., {Gentle}, a.]
1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] ``Pride of
gentrie.'' --Chaucer.
She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By
knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship's oath.
--Shak.
2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a
restricted sense, those between the nobility and the
yeomanry. --Macaulay.
3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.]
To show us so much gentry and good will. --Shak.
Genty \Gen"ty\, a. [From F. gentil. Cf. {Jaunty}.]
Neat; trim. [Scot.] --Burns.
Genu \Ge"nu\, n.; pl. {Genua}. [L., the knee.] (Anat.)
(a) The knee.
(b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum
of the brain.
Genuflect \Gen`u*flect"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Genuflected}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Genuflecting}.] [See {Genuflection}.]
To bend the knee, as in worship.
Genuflection \Gen`u*flec"tion\, n. [F. g['e]nuflexion, fr. LL.
genuflexio, fr. L. genu knee + flexio a bending, fr.
flectere, flexum, to bend. See {Knee}, {Flexible}.]
The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Genuine \Gen"u*ine\, a. [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to
beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. g['e]nuine. See
{Gender}.]
Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native;
hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated;
authentic; real; natural; true; pure; as, a genuine text; a
genuine production; genuine materials. ``True, genuine
night.'' --Dryden.
Syn: Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated.
See {Authentic}. -- {Gen"u*ine*ly}, adv. --
{Gen"u*ine*ness}, n.
The evidence, both internal and external, against
the genuineness of these letters, is overwhelming.
--Macaulay.
Genus \Ge"nus\ (j[=e]"n[u^]s), n.; pl. {Genera}. [L., birth,
race, kind, sort; akin to Gr. ?. See {Gender}, and cf.
{Benign}.]
1. (Logic) A class of objects divided into several
subordinate species; a class more extensive than a
species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class;
one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.
2. (Biol.) An assemblage of species, having so many
fundamental points of structure in common, that in the
judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a
common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the
lowest definable group of species, for it may often be
divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its
definition is exact, it is natural genus; if its
definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an
artificial genus.
Note: Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger,
cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus,
while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak
form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a
multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and Carex
(Sedge), others by few, and some by only one known
species.
{Subaltern genus} (Logic), a genus which may be a species of
a higher genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which
is also a species of mammal.
{Summum genus} [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which
can not be classed as a species, as being.
Genys \Ge"nys\ (j[=e]"n[i^]s), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ge`nys the under
jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Gonys}.
Geocentric \Ge`o*cen"tric\, Geocentrical \Ge`o*cen"tric*al\, a.
[Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ke`ntron center: cf. F.
g['e]ocentrique.] (Astron.)
(a) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to
or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to
heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as, the geocentric
longitude or latitude of a planet.
(b) Having reference to the center of the earth.
{Geocentric latitude} (of place) the angle included between
the radius of the earth through the place and the plane of
the equator, in distinction from geographic latitude. It
is a little less than the geographic latitude.
Geocentrically \Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly\, adv.
In a geocentric manner.
Geocronite \Ge*oc"ro*nite\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ?
Saturn, the alchemistic name of lead: cf. G. geokronit.]
(Min.)
A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster,
consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small
proportion of arsenic.
Geocyclic \Ge`o*cyc"lic\, a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ky`klos
circle .]
1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the
earth; as, a geocyclic machine.
2. Circling the earth periodically.
Geode \Ge"ode\, n. [F. g['e]ode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. ? earthlike;
ge`a, gh^, the earth + ? form.] (Min.)
(a) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with
crystals or mineral matter.
(b) The cavity in such a nodule.
Geodephagous \Ge`o*deph"a*gous\ (j[=e]`[-o]*d[e^]f"[.a]*g[u^]s),
a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + 'adhfa`gos eating one's fill;
gluttonous.] (Zo["o]l.)
Living in the earth; -- applied to the ground beetles.
Geodesic \Ge`o*des"ic\ (j[=e]`[-o]*d[e^]s"[i^]k), Geodesical
\Ge`o*des"ic*al\ (-[i^]*kal), a. [Cf. F. g['e]od['e]sique.]
(Math.)
Of or pertaining to geodesy; geodetic.
Geodesic \Ge`o*des"ic\, n.
A geodetic line or curve.
Geodesist \Ge*od"e*sist\, n.
One versed in geodesy.
Geodesy \Ge*od"e*sy\, n. [Gr. ?; ge`a, gh^, the earth + ? to
divide: cf. F. g['e]od['e]sie.] (Math.)
That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means
of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of
large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure
and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in
which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in
the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.
Geodetic \Ge`o*det"ic\, Geodetical \Ge`o*det"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to geodesy; obtained or determined by the
operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as,
geodetic surveying; geodetic observers.
{Geodetic line} or {curve}, the shortest line that can be
drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the
earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the
osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain
the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be
drawn on any surface between any two points.
Geodetically \Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.
Geodetics \Ge`o*det"ics\, n.
Same as {Geodesy}.
Geodiferous \Ge`o*dif"er*ous\, a. [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.)
Producing geodes; containing geodes.
Geoduck \Ge"o*duck\, n. [American Indian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A gigantic clam ({Glycimeris generosa}) of the Pacific coast
of North America, highly valued as an article of food.
Geognosis \Ge`og*no"sis\, n. [See {Geognosy}.]
Knowledge of the earth. [R.] --G. Eliot.
Geognost \Ge"og*nost\, n. [Cf. F. g['e]ognoste.]
One versed in geognosy; a geologist. [R.]
Geognostic \Ge`og*nos"tic\, Geognostical \Ge`og*nos"tic*al\, a.
[Cf. F. g['e]ognostique.]
Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the
structure of the earth; geological. [R.]
Geognosy \Ge*og"no*sy\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + gnw^sis
knowing, knowledge, fr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F.
g['e]ognosie.]
That part of geology which treats of the materials of the
earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior
constitution.
Geogonic \Ge`o*gon"ic\, Geogonical \Ge`o*gon"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
g['e]ogonique.]
Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the
earth.
Geogony \Ge*og"o*ny\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ?
generation, birth, fr. the root of ? to be born: cf. F.
g['e]ogonie.]
The branch of science which treats of the formation of the
earth.
Geographer \Ge*og"ra*pher\, n.
One versed in geography.
Geographic \Ge`o*graph"ic\, Geographical \Ge`o*graph"ic*al\, a.
[L. geographicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. g['e]ographique.]
Of or pertaining to geography.
{Geographical distribution}. See under {Distribution}.
{Geographic latitude} (of a place), the angle included
between a line perpendicular or normal to the level
surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of
the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric
latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's
figure and a true sphere.
{Geographical mile}. See under {Mile}.
{Geographical variation}, any variation of a species which is
dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.
Geographically \Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a geographical manner or method; according to geography.
Geography \Ge*og"ra*phy\, n.; pl. {Geographies}. [F.
g['e]ographie, l. geographia, fr. Gr. ?; ge`a, gh^, the earth
+ ? description, fr. ? to write, describe. See {Graphic}.]
1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants;
a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth,
including its structure, fetures, products, political
divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited.
2. A treatise on this science.
{Astronomical}, {or Mathematical}, geography treats of the
earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of
latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due
to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions.
{Physical geography} treats of the conformation of the
earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of
minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the
principles of physics to the explanation of the
diversities of climate, productions, etc.
{Political geography} treats of the different countries into
which earth is divided with regard to political and social
and institutions and conditions.
Geolatry \Ge*ol"a*try\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ?
worship.]
The worship of the earth. --G. W. Cox. {The Geological
Series}.
Note: The science of geology, as treating of the history of
the globe, involves a description of the different
strata which compose its crust, their order of
succession, characteristic forms of animal and
vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of
geological time, and the most important strata, with
their relative positions, are indicated in the
following diagram.
Geologer \Ge*ol"o*ger\, Geologian \Ge`o*lo"gi*an\, n.
A geologist.
Geologic \Ge`o*log"ic\, Geological \Ge`o*log"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
g['e]ologique.]
Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.
Geologically \Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a geological manner.
Geologist \Ge*ol"o*gist\, n. [Cf. F. G['e]ologiste.]
One versed in the science of geology.
Geologize \Ge*ol"o*gize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Geologized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Geologizing}.]
To study geology or make geological investigations in the
field; to discourse as a geologist.
During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire.
--Darwin.
Geology \Ge*ol"o*gy\, n.; pl. {Geologies}. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the
earth + -logy: cf. F. g['e]ologie.]
1. The science which treats:
(a) Of the structure and mineral constitution of the
globe; structural geology.
(b) Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers,
valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical
geology.
(c) Of the causes and methods by which its structure,
features, changes, and conditions have been produced;
dynamical geology. See Chart of {The Geological
Series}.
2. A treatise on the science.
Geomalism \Ge*om"a*lism\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth +
"omalismo`s a leveling.] (Biol.)
The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to
the force of gravitation.
Geomancer \Ge"o*man`cer\, n.
One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.
Geomancy \Ge"o*man`cy\, n. [OE. geomance, geomancie, F.
g['e]omance, g['e]omancie, LL. geomantia, fr. Gr. ge`a, gh^,
the earth + mantei`a divination.]
A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by
little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly
on paper.
Geomantic \Ge`o*man"tic\, Geomantical \Ge`o*man"tic*al\, a. [Cf.
F. g['e]omantique.]
Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.
Geometer \Ge*om"e*ter\, n. [F. g['e]om[`e]tre, L. geometres,
geometra, fr. Gr. gewme`trhs, fr. ge`a, gh^, the earth +
me`tron measure. See {Meter} measure.]
1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician.
--I. Watts.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.
Geometral \Ge*om"e*tral\, a. [Cf. F. g['e]om['e]tral.]
Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.]
Geometric \Ge`o*met"ric\, Geometrical \Ge`o*met"ric*al\, a. [L.
geometricus; Gr. ?: cf. F. g['e]om['e]trique.]
Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of,
geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical solution
of a problem.
Note: Geometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to
include processes or solutions in which the
propositions or principles of geometry are made use of
rather than those of algebra.
Note: Geometrical is often used in a limited or strictly
technical sense, as opposed to mechanical; thus, a
construction or solution is geometrical which can be
made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means of right
lines and circles. Every construction or solution which
requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or
circle as would generate any other curve, is not
geometrical, but mechanical. By another distinction, a
geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of
geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact;
while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial,
by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is
only approximate and empirical.
{Geometrical curve}. Same as {Algebraic curve}; -- so called
because their different points may be constructed by the
operations of elementary geometry.
{Geometric lathe}, an instrument for engraving bank notes,
etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; --
called also {cycloidal engine}.
{Geometrical pace}, a measure of five feet.
{Geometric pen}, an instrument for drawing geometric curves,
in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a
revolving arm of adjustable length may be indefinitely
varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to
the arm.
{Geometrical plane} (Persp.), the same as {Ground plane} .
{Geometrical progression}, {proportion}, {ratio}. See under
{Progression}, {Proportion} and {Ratio}.
{Geometrical radius}, in gearing, the radius of the pitch
circle of a cogwheel. --Knight.
{Geometric spider} (Zo["o]l.), one of many species of
spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong
to {Epeira} and allied genera, as the garden spider. See
{Garden spider}.
{Geometric square}, a portable instrument in the form of a
square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by
measuring angles.
{Geometrical staircase}, one in which the stairs are
supported by the wall at one end only.
{Geometrical tracery}, in architecture and decoration,
tracery arranged in geometrical figures.
Geometrically \Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly\, adv.
According to the rules or laws of geometry.
Geometrician \Ge*om`e*tri"cian\, n.
One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.
Geometrid \Ge*om"e*trid\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining or belonging to the {Geometrid[ae]}.
Geometrid \Ge*om"e*trid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family
{Geometrid[ae]}; -- so called because their larv[ae] (called
loopers, measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms) creep in
a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are
injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.
Geometrize \Ge*om"e*trize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Geometrized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Geometrizing}.]
To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws;
to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance
with the principles of geometry.
Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things.
--Sir T.
Browne.
Geometry \Ge*om"e*try\, n.; pl. {Geometries}[F. g['e]om['e]trie,
L. geometria, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to measure land; ge`a, gh^,
the earth + ? to measure. So called because one of its
earliest and most important applications was to the
measurement of the earth's surface. See {Geometer}.]
1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the
relations, properties, and measurement of solids,
surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of
the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of
the relations of space.
2. A treatise on this science.
{Analytical, or Co["o]rdinate}, {geometry}, that branch of
mathematical analysis which has for its object the
analytical investigation of the relations and properties
of geometrical magnitudes.
{Descriptive geometry}, that part of geometry which treats of
the graphic solution of all problems involving three
dimensions.
{Elementary geometry}, that part of geometry which treats of
the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane
surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the
cylinder, and the right cone.
{Higher geometry}, that pert of geometry which treats of
those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which
are less simple in their relations, and of curves and
surfaces of the second and higher degrees.
Geophagism \Ge*oph"a*gism\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + ? to
eat.]
The act or habit of eating earth. See {Dirt eating}, under
{Dirt}. --Dunglison.
Geophagist \Ge*oph"a*gist\, n.
One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.
Geophagous \Ge*oph"a*gous\, a.
Earth-eating.
Geophila \Ge*oph"i*la\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth +
? to love.] (Zo["o]l.)
The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and
slugs.
Geoponic \Ge`o*pon"ic\, Geoponical \Ge`o*pon"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?;
ge`a, gh^, earth + ? toilsome, fr. ? labor: cf. F.
g['e]oponique.]
Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.
Geoponics \Ge`o*pon"ics\, n. [Gr. ?: cf. F. g['e]oponique.]
The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture.
--Evelin.
Georama \Ge`o*ra"ma\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ? sight,
view, ? to see, view: cf. F. g['e]orama.]
A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the
world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside.
Geordie \Geor"die\, n.
A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp.
--Raymond.
George \George\, n. [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr.
Gr. ? husbandman, laborer; ge`a, gh^, the earth + ? to work;
akin to E. work. See {Work}.]
1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on
horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the
Garter. See {Garter}.
2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] --Dryden.
George noble \George" no`ble\ [So called from the image of St.
George on it.]
A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See {Noble}, n.
Georgian \Geor"gi*an\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one
of the United States.
2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of
Great Britan; as, the Georgian era.
Georgian \Geor"gi*an\, n.
A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.
Georgic \Geor"gic\, n. [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica,
pl., Gr. ?, and ?: cf. F. g['e]orgiques, pl. See {Georgic},
a.]
A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing
rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of
Virgil.
Georgic \Geor"gic\, Georgical \Geor"gic*al\, a. [L. georgicus,
Gr. ?, fr. ? tillage, agriculture: cf. F. g['e]orgique. See
{George}.]
Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.
Georgium Sidus \Geor"gi*um Si`dus\ [NL., the star of George
(III. of England).] (Astron.)
The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W.
Herschel.
Geoscopy \Ge*os"co*py\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + -scopy:
cf. F. g['e]oscopie.]
Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by
inspection. --Chambers.
Geoselenic \Ge`o*se*len"ic\, a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ?
moon.]
Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint
action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as,
geoselenic phenomena.
Geostatic \Ge`o*stat"ic\, a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + E. static.]
(Civil Engin.)
Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar
substance.
{Geostatic arch}, an arch having a form adapted to sustain
pressure similar to that exerted by earth. --Rankine.
Geosynclinal \Ge`o*syn*cli"nal\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth +
E. synclinal.] (Geol.)
the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which
allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence
forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; --
opposed to geanticlinal.
Geothermometer \Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the
earth + E. thermometer.] (Physics)
A thermometer specially constructed for measuring
temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground.
Geotic \Ge*ot"ic\a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth.]
Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Geotropic \Ge`o*trop"ic\, a. [See {Geotropism}.] (Biol.)
Relating to, or showing, geotropism.
Geotropism \Ge*ot"ro*pism\, n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ? to
turn.] (Biol.)
A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the
influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth
of an organ.
Note: In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the
earth are said to be positively geotropic, and those
growing in the opposite direction negatively geotropic.
In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an
influence either direct or indirect on the plane of
division of the ovum.
Gephyrea \Ge*phyr"e*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a dam, a bridge.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is
imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and is
mostly without set[ae].
Gephyrean \Ge*phyr"e*an\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to the Gephyrea. -- n. One of the Gerphyrea.
Gephyreoid \Ge*phyr"e*oid\, a. & n. [Gephyrea + -oid.]
Gephyrean.
Gepound \Ge*pound"\, n.
See {Gipoun}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gerah \Ge"rah\, n. [Heb. g?rah, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.)
A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.
Note: The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about
three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the
weight equivalent to about thirteen grains.
Geraniaceous \Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants
({Geraniace[ae]}) which includes the genera Geranium,
Pelargonium, and many others.
Geraniine \Ge*ra"ni*ine\, Geranine \Ger"a*nine\, n. [See
{Geranium}.]
1. (Med.) A valuable astringent obtained from the root of the
{Geranium maculatum} or crane's-bill.
2. (Chem.) A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill
({Geranium maculatum}), and having a peculiar mulberry
odor. [Written also {geraniin}.]
Geranium \Ge*ra"ni*um\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, from ? crane: cf. F.
g['e]ranium. See {Crane}, n.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or
receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged,
and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints.
Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor.
Called sometimes crane's-bill.
2. (Floriculture) A cultivated pelargonium.
Note: Many plants referred to the genus {Geranium} by the
earlier botanists are now separated from it under the
name of {Pelargonium}, which includes all the commonly
cultivated ``geraniums'', mostly natives of South
Africa.
Gerant \Ge"rant\, n. [F. g['e]rant.]
The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock
association, etc.
Gerbe \Gerbe\, n. [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny)
A kind of ornamental firework. --Farrow.
Gerbil \Ger"bil\, Gerbille \Ger`bille"\, n. [F. gerbille. Cf.
{Jerboa}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of
the genus {Gerbillus}. In their leaping powers they resemble
the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.
Gerboa \Ger*bo"a\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The jerboa.
Gere \Gere\, n.
Gear. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gerent \Ge"rent\, a. [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear,
manage.]
Bearing; carrying. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Gerfalcon \Ger"fal`con\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Gyrfalcon}.
Gerful \Ger"ful\, a. [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.]
Changeable; capricious. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gerland \Ger"land\, Gerlond \Ger"lond\, n.
A garland. [Obs.]
Gerlind \Ger"lind\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A salmon returning from the sea the second time. [Prov. Eng.]
Germ \Germ\, n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but,
germ. Cf. {Germen}, {Germane}.]
1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the
germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the
earliest form under which an organism appears.
In the entire process in which a new being
originates . . . two distinct classes of action
participate; namely, the act of generation by which
the germ is produced; and the act of development, by
which that germ is evolved into the complete
organism. --Carpenter.
2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle;
as, the germ of civil liberty.
{Disease germ} (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny
bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax
bacillus and the {Micrococcus} of fowl cholera, which have
been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See
{Germ theory} (below).
{Germ cell} (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which
the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body
of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a
process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass
of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the
parent. See {Ovum}.
{Germ gland}. (Anat.) See {Gonad}.
{Germ stock} (Zo["o]l.), a special process on which buds are
developed in certain animals. See {Doliolum}.
{Germ theory} (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can
be produced only by the evolution or development of living
germs or seeds. See {Biogenesis}, and {Abiogenesis}. As
applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that
the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and
multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of
which are either contained in the organism itself, or
transferred through the air or water. See {Fermentation
theory}.
Germ \Germ\, v. i.
To germinate. [R.] --J. Morley.
Germain \Ger*main"\, a. [Obs.]
See {Germane}.
German \Ger"man\, a. [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L.
germanus full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the
same parents); akin to germen germ. Cf. {Germ}, {Germane}.]
Nearly related; closely akin.
Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion.
--Shak.
{Brother german}. See {Brother german}.
{Cousins german}. See the Note under {Cousin}.
German \Ger"man\, n.; pl. {Germans}[L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis
origin.]
1. A native or one of the people of Germany.
2. The German language.
3.
(a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding
in capriciosly involved figures.
(b) A social party at which the german is danced.
{High German}, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern
Germany, -- comprising Old High German, used from the 8th
to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the
15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of
Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature.
The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern
literary language, are often called Middle German, and the
Southern German dialects Upper German; but High German is
also used to cover both groups.
{Low German}, the language of Northern Germany and the
Netherlands, -- including {Friesic}; {Anglo-Saxon} or
{Saxon}; {Old Saxon}; {Dutch} or {Low Dutch}, with its
dialect, {Flemish}; and {Plattdeutsch} (called also {Low
German}), spoken in many dialects.
German \Ger"man\, a. [L. Germanus. See {German}, n.]
Of or pertaining to Germany.
{German Baptists}. See {Dunker}.
{German bit}, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical
pod and a scew point.
{German carp} (Zo["o]l.), the crucian carp.
{German millet} (Bot.), a kind of millet ({Setaria Italica},
var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food.
{German paste}, a prepared food for caged birds.
{German process} (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore
in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary.
--Raymond.
{German sarsaparilla}, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract.
{German sausage}, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly
cooked.
{German silver} (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and
tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in
the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying
proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag
at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to
make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical
with the Chinese alloy {packfong}. It was formerly much
used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings
of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other
white alloys.
{German steel} (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a
forge, with charcoal for fuel.
{German text} (Typog.), a character resembling modern German
type, used in English printing for ornamental headings,
etc., as in the words,
Note: This line is German Text.
{German tinder}. See {Amadou}.
Germander \Ger*man"der\, n. [OE. germaunder, F. germandr['e]e,
It. calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr.?; ? on the earth or
ground + ? tree. See {Humble}, and {Tree}.] (Bot.)
A plant of the genus {Teucrium} (esp. {Teucrium Cham[ae]drys}
or wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs.
{American germander}, {Teucrium Canadense}.
{Germander chickweed}, {Veronica agrestis}.
{Water germander}, {Teucrium Scordium}.
{Wood germander}, {Teucrium Scorodonia}.
Germane \Ger*mane"\, a. [See {German} akin, nearly related.]
Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or
fitting; relevant.
The phrase would be more germane to the matter. --Shak.
[An amendment] must be germane. --Barclay
(Digest).
Germanic \Ger*man"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.
Germanic \Ger*man"ic\, a. [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See
{German}, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy.
2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]
Germanism \Ger"man*ism\, n. [Cf. F. germanisme.]
1. An idiom of the German language.
2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German
mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism. --J. W. Alexander.
Germanium \Ger*ma"ni*um\, n. [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.]
(Chem.)
A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore
(argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white
metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and
nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with
the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.
Germanization \Ger`man*i*za"tion\, n.
The act of Germanizing. --M. Arnold.
Germanize \Ger"man*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Germanized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Germanizing}.]
To make German, or like what is distinctively German; as, to
Germanize a province, a language, a society.
Germanize \Ger"man*ize\, v. i.
To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.
Germarium \Ger*ma"ri*um\, n. [NL. See {Germ}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An organ in which the ova are developed in certain
Turbellaria.
Germen \Ger"men\ (j[~e]r"m[e^]n), n.; pl. E. {Germens}, L.
{Germina}. [L.]
See {Germ}.
Germicidal \Ger"mi*ci`dal\ (j[~e]r"m[i^]*s[imac]`dal), a.
Germicide.
Germicide \Ger"mi*cide\ (j[~e]r"m[i^]*s[imac]d), a. [Germ + L.
caedere to kill.] (Biol.)
Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a
destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria,
or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many
infectious diseases. -- n. A germicide agent.
Germinal \Ger"mi*nal\, a. [See {Germ}.]
Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as, the germinal vesicle.
{Germinal layers} (Biol.), the two layers of cells, the
ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer
covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of
cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and lies
between these two, is sometimes included.
{Germinal membrane}. (Biol.) Same as {Blastoderm}.
{Germinal spot} (Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum.
{Germinal vesicle}, (Biol.), the nucleus of the ovum of
animals.
Germinal \Ger`mi*nal"\, n. [F. See {Germ} .]
The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 --
1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See
{Vend['E]miaire}.
Germinant \Ger"mi*nant\, a. [L. germinans, p. pr.]
Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.
Germinate \Ger"mi*nate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Germinated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Germinating}.] [L. germinatus, p. p. of
germinare to sprout, fr. germen. See {Germ}.]
To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant
or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. --Bacon.
Germinate \Ger"mi*nate\, v. t.
To cause to sprout. --Price (1610).
Germination \Ger`mi*na"tion\, n. [L. germinatio: cf. F.
germination.]
The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or
growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs,
either animal or vegetable.
{Germination apparatus}, an apparatus for malting grain.
Germinative \Ger"mi*na*tive\, a. [Cf. F. germinatif.]
Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop.
{Germinative spot}, {Germinative vesicle}. (Biol.) Same as
{Germinal spot}, {Germinal vesicle}, under {Germinal}.
Germiparity \Ger`mi*par"i*ty\, n. [Germ + L. parere to produce.]
(Biol.)
Reproduction by means of germs.
Germless \Germ"less\, a.
Without germs.
Germogen \Ger"mo*gen\, n. [Germ + -gen.] (Biol.)
(a) A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into
separate cells, from which certain ova are developed.
--Balfour.
(b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms. --Balfour.
Germ plasm \Germ" plasm`\, (Biol.)
See {Plasmogen}, and {Idioplasm}.
Germule \Germ"ule\, n. [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.)
A small germ.
Gern \Gern\, v. t. [See {Grin}.]
To grin or yawn. [Obs.] ``[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did
gern.'' --Spenser.
Gerner \Ger"ner\, n.
A garner. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gerocomia \Ger`o*co"mi*a\, n. [NL.]
See {Gerocomy}.
Gerocomical \Ger`o*com"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to gerocomy. --Dr. John Smith.
Gerocomy \Ge*roc"o*my\, n. [F. g['e]rocomie, fr. Gr. ? an old
man + ? to take care of.]
That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people.
Gerontes \Ge*ron"tes\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?.] (Gr. Antiq.)
Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings,
constituted the supreme civil authority.
Gerontocracy \Ger`on*toc"ra*cy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, an old man + ? to
rule.]
Government by old men. [R.] --Gladstone.
Geropigia \Ger`o*pig"i*a\, n. [Pg. geropiga.]
A mixture composed of unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar,
etc., for adulteration of wines. [Written also {jerupigia}.]
-gerous \-ger*ous\ [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See
{Jest}.]
A suffix signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous;
dentigerous.
Gerrymander \Ger`ry*man"der\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Gerrymandered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Gerrymandering}.]
To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of
representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view
to give a political party an advantage over its opponent.
[Political Cant, U. S.]
Note: This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge
Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his
influence, hence the name; though it is now known that
he was opposed to the measure. --Bartlett.
Gerund \Ger"und\, n. [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry,
perform. See {Gest} a deed, {Jest}.] (Lat. Gram.)
1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases
of the singular number, and governing cases like a
participle.
2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and
usually denoting purpose or end; -- called also the
{dative infinitive}; as, ``Ic h[ae]bbe mete t[^o] etanne''
(I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been
applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a
transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.
Gerundial \Ge*run"di*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a gerundial use.
Gerundive \Ge*run"dive\, a. [L. gerundivus.]
Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund;
gerundial. -- n. (Lat. Gram.) The future passive participle;
as, amandus, i. e., to be loved.
Gerundively \Ge*run"dive*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund.
Gery \Ger"y\, a. [See {Gerful}.]
Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gesling \Ges"ling\, n.
A gosling. [Prov. Eng.]
Gesse \Gesse\, v. t. & i.
To guess. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gest \Gest\, n.
A guest. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gest \Gest\, n. [OF. geste exploit. See {Jest}.]
1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an
adventure. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage;
show; ceremony. [Obs.] --Mede.
3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story.
[Obs.] --Chaucer. Spenser.
4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic]
Through his heroic grace and honorable gest.
--Spenser.
Gest \Gest\, n. [Cf. {Gist} a resting place.]
1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a
journey or progress; a rest. [Obs.] --Kersey.
2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal
progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's office.
[Obs.] --Hanmer.
Gestant \Ges"tant\, a. [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.]
Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] ``Clouds
gestant with heat.'' --Mrs. Browning.
Gestation \Ges*ta"tion\, n. [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying,
fr. gestare to bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to
bear: cf. F. gestation. See {Gest} deed, {Jest}.]
1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.]
2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to
delivery; pregnancy.
3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on
horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his
own powers; passive exercise. --Dunglison.
Gestatory \Ges"ta*to*ry\, a. [L. gestatorius that serves for
carrying: cf. F. gestatoire.]
1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.
2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.]
Geste \Geste\, v. i.
To tell stories or gests. [Obs.]
Gestic \Ges"tic\, a. [See {Gest} a deed, {Gesture}.]
1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary.
And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore.
--Goldsmith.
2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; -- said
especially with reference to dancing.
Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Gesticulate \Ges*tic"u*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Gesticulated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Gesticulating}.] [L.
gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to gesticulate, fr.
gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of gestus
gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See
{Gestic}.]
To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures.
--Sir T. Herbert.
Gesticulate \Ges*tic"u*late\, v. t.
To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Gesticulation \Ges*tic`u*la"tion\, n. [L. gesticulatio: cf. F.
gesticulation.]
1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express
passion or enforce sentiments.
2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or
in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments
and sentiments. --Macaulay.
3. Antic tricks or motions. --B. Jonson.
Gesticulator \Ges*tic"u*la`tor\, n. [L.]
One who gesticulates.
Gesticulatory \Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry\, a.
Representing by, or belonging to, gestures. --T. Warton.
Gestour \Ges"tour\, n. [See {Gest} a deed.]
A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story-teller. [Obs.]
Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales. --Chaucer.
Gestural \Ges"tur*al\, a.
Relating to gesture.
Gesture \Ges"ture\, n. [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L.
gerere, gestum, to bear, behave, perform, act. See {Gest} a
deed.]
1. Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or
limbs; posture. [Obs.]
Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture
used by many nations. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or
passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea
or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument,
assertion, or opinion.
Humble and reverent gestures. --Hooker.
Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In
every gesture dignity and love. --Milton.
Gesture \Ges"ture\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gestured}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gesturing}.]
To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to
gesticulate.
It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth.
--Hooker.
Gesture \Ges"ture\, v. i.
To make gestures; to gesticulate.
The players . . . gestured not undecently withal.
--Holland.
Gestureless \Ges"ture*less\, a.
Free from gestures.
Gesturement \Ges"ture*ment\, n.
Act of making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Get \Get\, n.
Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Get \Get\, n. [OF. get.]
1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Get \Get\ (g[e^]t), v. t. [imp. {Got} (g[o^]t) (Obs. {Gat}
(g[a^]t)); p. p. {Got} (Obsolescent {Gotten} (g[o^]t"t'n));
p. pr. & vb. n. {Getting}.] [OE. geten, AS. gitan, gietan (in
comp.); akin to Icel. geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L.
prehendere to seize, take, Gr. chanda`nein to hold, contain.
Cf. {Comprehend}, {Enterprise}, {Forget}, {Impregnable},
{Prehensile}.]
1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire;
to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to
win, by almost any means; as, to get favor by kindness; to
get wealth by industry and economy; to get land by
purchase, etc.
2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession
of; to have. --Johnson.
Thou hast got the face of man. --Herbert.
3. To beget; to procreate; to generate.
I had rather to adopt a child than get it. --Shak.
4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to
memory; to memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out;
as, to get out one's Greek lesson.
It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart,
than to pen twenty. --Bp. Fell.
5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.
Get him to say his prayers. --Shak.
6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or
condition; -- with a following participle.
Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched.
--Shak.
7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use.
Get thee out from this land. --Gen. xxxi.
13.
He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of
Mega. --Knolles.
Note: Get, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs
implying motion, to express the causing to, or the
effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of
motion indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in,
to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get
in the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract;
to get off, to take off, to remove; to get together, to
cause to come together, to collect.
{To get by heart}, to commit to memory.
{To get the better of}, {To get the best of}, to obtain an
advantage over; to surpass; to subdue.
{To get up}, to cause to be established or to exit; to
prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, to get
up a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation.
Syn: To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See {Obtain}.
Get \Get\ (g[e^]t), v. i.
1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive
accessions; to be increased.
We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get.
--Shak.
2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state,
condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with
a following adjective or past participle belonging to the
subject of the verb; as, to get sober; to get awake; to
get beaten; to get elected.
To get rid of fools and scoundrels. --Pope.
His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast.
--Coleridge.
Note: It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice,
or a power of verbal expression which is neither active
nor passive. Thus we say to get acquitted, beaten,
confused, dressed. --Earle.
Note: Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following
preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the
part of the subject of the act, movement or action of
the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in
the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way,
to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave,
to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down,
to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or
figurative elevation; to get along, to make progress;
hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; to get in, to
enter; to get out, to extricate one's self, to escape;
to get through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be
done; to get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to
alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape,
to come off clear; to get together, to assemble, to
convene.
{To get ahead}, to advance; to prosper.
{To get along}, to proceed; to advance; to prosper.
{To get a mile} (or other distance), to pass over it in
traveling.
{To get among}, to go or come into the company of; to become
one of a number.
{To get asleep}, to fall asleep.
{To get astray}, to wander out of the right way.
{To get at}, to reach; to make way to.
{To get away with}, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get
the better of; to defeat.
{To get back}, to arrive at the place from which one
departed; to return.
{To get before}, to arrive in front, or more forward.
{To get behind}, to fall in the rear; to lag.
{To get between}, to arrive between.
{To get beyond}, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to
surpass. ``Three score and ten is the age of man, a few
get beyond it.'' --Thackeray.
{To get clear}, to disengage one's self; to be released, as
from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed
from danger or embarrassment.
{To get drunk}, to become intoxicated.
{To get forward}, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper;
to advance in wealth.
{To get home}, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim.
{To get into}.
(a) To enter, as, ``she prepared to get into the coach.''
--Dickens.
(b) To pass into, or reach; as, `` a language has got into
the inflated state.'' --Keary.
{To get} {loose or free}, to disengage one's self; to be
released from confinement.
{To get near}, to approach within a small distance.
{To get on}, to proceed; to advance; to prosper.
{To get over}.
(a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or
difficulty.
(b) To recover from, as an injury, a calamity.
{To get through}.
(a) To pass through something.
(b) To finish what one was doing.
{To get up}.
(a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc.
(b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of
stairs, etc.
Get \Get\, n.
Offspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion.
Geten \Get"en\, obs.
p. p. of {Get}. --Chaucer.
Geth \Geth\,
the original third pers. sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Get-penny \Get"-pen`ny\, n.
Something which gets or gains money; a successful affair.
[Colloq.] --Chapman.
Gettable \Get"ta*ble\, a.
That may be obtained. [R.]
Getter \Get"ter\, n.
One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or
procreates.
Getterup \Get"ter*up`\, n.
One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as a
book, a machine, etc. [Colloq.]
A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works. --W.
Irving.
Getting \Get"ting\, n.
1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.
With all thy getting, get understanding. --Prov. iv.
7.
2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.
Get-up \Get"-up\, n.
General composition or structure; manner in which the parts
of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc.
[Colloq.] --H. Kingsley.
Gewgaw \Gew"gaw\, n. [OE. gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob. the
same word as OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated
form fr. AS. gifan to give; cf. also F. joujou plaything, and
E. gaud, n. See {Give}, and cf. {Giffgaff}.]
A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but
worthless bauble.
A heavy gewgaw called a crown. --Dryden.
Gewgaw \Gew"gaw\, a.
Showy; unreal; pretentious.
Seeing his gewgaw castle shine. --Tennyson.
Geyser \Gey"ser\, n. [Icel. geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously,
fr. gj[=o]sa to gush. Cf. {Gush}.]
A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals
jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of
steam.
Note: Geysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New
Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States
they are numerous, and some of them very powerful,
throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of
200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called
geyser basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with
which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones about
the orifice, often of great size and beauty.
Geyserite \Gey"ser*ite\, n. [From {Geyser}.] (Min.)
A loose hydrated form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited
in concretionary cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot
springs and geysers.
Gharry \Ghar"ry\, n. [Hind. g[=a]?i.]
Any wheeled cart or carriage. [India]
Ghast \Ghast\, v. t. [OE. gasten. See {Ghastly}, a.]
To strike aghast; to affright. [Obs.]
Ghasted by the noise I made. Full suddenly he fled.
--Shak.
Ghastful \Ghast"ful\, a. [See {Ghastly}, a.]
Fit to make one aghast; dismal. [Obs.] -- {Ghast"ful*ly},
adv.
Ghastliness \Ghast"li*ness\, n.
The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.
Ghastly \Ghast"ly\, a. [Compar. {Ghastlier}; superl.
{Ghastliest}.] [OE. gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear,
fr. gasten to terrify, AS. g[ae]stan. Cf. {Aghast}, {Gast},
{Gaze}, {Ghostly}.]
1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid;
dismal.
Each turned his face with a ghastly pang.
--Coleridge.
His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be
recognized. --Macaulay.
2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.
Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail.
--Milton.
Ghastly \Ghast"ly\, adv.
In a ghastly manner; hideously.
Staring full ghastly like a strangled man. --Shak.
Ghastness \Ghast"ness\, n.
Ghastliness. [Obs.] --Shak.
Ghat \Ghat\ Ghaut \Ghaut\, n. [Hind. gh[=a]t.]
1. A pass through a mountain. [India] --J. D. Hooker.
2. A range of mountains. --Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).
3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf.
[India] --Malcom.
Ghawazi \Gha*wa"zi\, n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.]
Egyptian dancing girls, of a lower sort than the almeh.
Gheber Ghebre \Ghe"ber Ghe"bre\, n. [Pers. ghebr: cf. F.
Gu[`e]bre. Cf. {Giaour}.]
A worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.
Ghee \Ghee\ (g[=e]), n. [Hind. gh[=i] clarified butter, Skr.
gh[.r]ta.]
Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind
of oil. [India] --Malcom.
Gherkin \Gher"kin\ (g[~e]r"k[i^]n), n. [D. agurkje, a dim. akin
to G. gurke, Dan. agurke; cf. Pol. og['o]rek, Bohem. okurka,
LGr. 'aggoy`rion watermelon, Ar. al-khiy[=a]r, Per.
khiy[=a]r.]
1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for
pickles.
2. (Zo["o]l.) See {Sea gherkin}.
Ghess \Ghess\, v. t. & i.
See {Guess}. [Obs.]
Ghetto \Ghet"to\, n. [It.]
The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell. --Evelyn.
Ghibelline \Ghib"el*line\, n. [It. Ghibellino; of German
origin.] (It. Hist.)
One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries,
which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or
adherents of the poses. --Brande & C.
Ghole \Ghole\, n.
See {Ghoul}.
Ghost \Ghost\, n. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. g[=a]st
breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g?st spirit, soul, D.
geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.]
Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament.
--Spenser.
2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased
person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a
specter.
The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose. --Shak.
I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a
blessed ghost. --Coleridge.
3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a
phantom; a glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the
ghost of an idea.
Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the
floor. --Poe.
4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the
surfaces of one or more lenses.
{Ghost moth} (Zo["o]l.), a large European moth {(Hepialus
humuli)}; so called from the white color of the male, and
the peculiar hovering flight; -- called also {great
swift}.
{Holy Ghost}, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter;
(Theol.) the third person in the Trinity.
{To} {give up or yield up} {the ghost}, to die; to expire.
And he gave up the ghost full softly. --Chaucer.
Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered
unto his people. --Gen. xlix.
33.
Ghost \Ghost\, v. i.
To die; to expire. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Ghost \Ghost\, v. t.
To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Ghostfish \Ghost"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A pale unspotted variety of the wrymouth.
Ghostless \Ghost"less\, a.
Without life or spirit. [R.]
Ghostlike \Ghost"like`\, a.
Like a ghost; ghastly.
Ghostliness \Ghost"li*ness\, n.
The quality of being ghostly.
Ghostly \Ghost"ly\, a. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. g[=a]stlic.
See {Ghost}.]
1. Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual;
as, a ghostly confessor.
Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies. --Book
of Common
Prayer [Ch. of
Eng. ]
One of the gostly children of St. Jerome. --Jer.
Taylor.
2. Of or pertaining to apparitions. --Akenside.
Ghostly \Ghost"ly\, adv.
Spiritually; mystically. --Chaucer.
Ghostology \Ghost*ol"o*gy\, n.
Ghost lore. [R.]
It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a
thing of ghostology and witchcraft. --Hawthorne.
Ghoul \Ghoul\, n. [Per. gh?l an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed
to devour men and animals: cf. Ar. gh?l, F. goule.]
An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was
supposed to feed upon human bodies. [Written also {ghole} .]
--Moore.
Ghoulish \Ghoul"ish\, a.
Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike.
Ghyll \Ghyll\, n.
A ravine. See {Gill} a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
--Wordsworth.
Giallolino \Gial`lo*li"no\, n. [It., from giallo yellow, prob.
fr. OHG. gelo, G. gelb; akin to E. yellow.]
A term variously employed by early writers on art, though
commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot.
--Fairholt.
Giambeux \Giam"beux\, n. pl. [See {Jambeux}.]
Greaves; armor for the legs. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Giant \Gi"ant\, n. [OE. giant, geant, geaunt, OF. jaiant, geant,
F. g['e]ant, L. gigas, fr. Gr. ?, ?, from the root of E.
gender, genesis. See {Gender}, and cf. {Gigantic}.]
1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.
Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise. --Milton.
2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or
intellectual.
3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or
power.
{Giant's Causeway}, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in
the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.
Giant \Gi"ant\, a.
Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as,
giant brothers; a giant son.
{Giant cell}. (Anat.) See {Myeloplax}.
{Giant clam} (Zo["o]l.), a bivalve shell of the genus
{Tridacna}, esp. {T. gigas}, which sometimes weighs 500
pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to
contain holy water.
{Giant heron} (Zo["o]l.), a very large African heron
({Ardeomega goliath}). It is the largest heron known.
{Giant kettle}, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found
in Norway in connection with glaciers. See {Pothole}.
{Giant powder}. See {Nitroglycerin}.
{Giant puffball} (Bot.), a fungus ({Lycoperdon giganteum}),
edible when young, and when dried used for stanching
wounds.
{Giant salamander} (Zo["o]l.), a very large aquatic
salamander ({Megalobatrachus maximus}), found in Japan. It
is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long.
{Giant squid} (Zo["o]l.), one of several species of very
large squids, belonging to {Architeuthis} and allied
genera. Some are over forty feet long.
Giantess \Gi"ant*ess\, n.
A woman of extraordinary size.
Giantize \Gi"ant*ize\, v. i. [Cf. F. g['e]antiser.]
To play the giant. [R.] --Sherwood.
Giantly \Gi"ant*ly\, a.
Appropriate to a giant. [Obs.] --Usher.
Giantry \Gi"ant*ry\, n.
The race of giants. [R.] --Cotgrave.
Giantship \Gi"ant*ship\, n.
The state, personality, or character, of a giant; -- a
compellation for a giant.
His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen. --Milton.
Giaour \Giaour\, n. [Turk. giaur an infidel, Per. gawr, another
form of ghebr fire worshiper. Cf. {Kaffir}, {Gheber} .]
An infidel; -- a term applied by Turks to disbelievers in the
Mohammedan religion, especially Christrians. --Byron.
Gib \Gib\, n. [Abbreviated fr. Gilbert, the name of the cat in
the old story of ``Reynard the Fox''. in the ``Romaunt of the
Rose'', etc.]
A male cat; a tomcat. [Obs.]
Gib \Gib\, v. i.
To act like a cat. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Gib \Gib\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched or otherwise, in a
machine or structure, to hold other parts in place or bind
them together, or to afford a bearing surface; -- usually
held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or screw.
{Gib and key}, or {Gib and cotter} (Steam Engine), the fixed
wedge or gib, and the driving wedge,key, or cotter, used
for tightening the strap which holds the brasses at the
end of a connecting rod.
Gib \Gib\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gibbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gibbing}.]
To secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a
gib, or gibs.
{Gibbed lathe}, an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is
held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight.
Gib \Gib\, v. i.
To balk. See {Jib}, v. i. --Youatt.
Gibbartas \Gib*bar"tas\, n. [Cf. Ar. jebb[=a]r giant; or L.
gibber humpbacked: cf. F. gibbar.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; --
called also {Jupiter whale}. [Written also {jubartas},
{gubertas}, {dubertus}.]
Gibber \Gib"ber\, n. [From {Gib} to balk.]
A balky horse. --Youatt.
Gibber \Gib"ber\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gibbered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gibbering}.] [Akin to jabber, and gabble.]
To speak rapidly and inarticulately. --Shak.
Gibberish \Gib"ber*ish\, n. [From {Gibber}, v. i.]
Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligible language;
unmeaning words; jargon.
He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go; All kinds of
gibberish he had learnt to known. --Drayton.
Such gibberish as children may be heard amusing
themselves with. --Hawthorne.
Gibberish \Gib"ber*ish\, a.
Unmeaning; as, gibberish language.
Gibbet \Gib"bet\, n. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr.
LL. gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It.
giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also,
an under waistcoat, doublet, Prov. It. gibba (cf. {Jupon});
so that it perhaps originally signified a halter, a rope
round the neck of malefactors; or it is, perhaps, derived fr.
L. gibbus hunched, humped, E. gibbous; or cf. E. jib a sail.]
1. A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting
from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged
in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning.
2. The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is
suspended; the jib.
Gibbet \Gib"bet\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gibbeted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gibbeting}.]
1. To hang and expose on a gibbet.
2. To expose to infamy; to blacken.
I'll gibbet up his name. --Oldham.
Gibbier \Gib"bier\, n. [F. gibier.]
Wild fowl; game. [Obs.] --Addison.
Gibbon \Gib"bon\, n. [Cf. F. gibbon.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any arboreal ape of the genus {Hylobates}, of which many
species and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern
Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and have
very long arms, adapted for climbing.
Note: The white-handed gibbon ({Hylobates lar}), the crowned
({H. pilatus}), the wou-wou or singing gibbon ({H.
agilis}), the siamang, and the hoolock. are the most
common species.
Gib boom \Gib" boom`\
See {Jib boom}.
Gibbose \Gib*bose"\, a. [L. gibbosus, fr. gibbus, gibba, hunch,
hump. Cf. {Gibbous}.]
Humped; protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one
or more large elevations. --Brande & C.
Gibbostity \Gib*bost"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. gibbosit['e].]
The state of being gibbous or gibbose; gibbousness.
Gibbous \Gib"bous\, a. [Cf. F. gibbeux. See {Gibbose}.]
1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant;
convex; as, the moon is gibbous between the half-moon and
the full moon.
The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member.
--Wiseman.
2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne. --
{Gib"bous*ly}, adv. -- {Gib"bous*ness}, n.
Gibbsite \Gibbs"ite\, n. [Named after George Gibbs.] (Min.)
A hydrate of alumina.
Gib-cat \Gib"-cat`\, n.
A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst {Gib}. n. [Obs.] --Shak.
Gibe \Gibe\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gibed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gibing}.] [Cf. Prov. F. giber, equiv. to F. jouer to play,
Icel. geipa to talk nonsense, E. jabber.]
To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to
utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to
scoff.
Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. --Swift.
Gibe \Gibe\, v. i.
To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at;
to mock.
Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their
features, while I gibe them. --Swift.
Gibe \Gibe\, n.
An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff;
a taunt; a sneer.
Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns. --Shak.
With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me. --Tennyson.
Gibel \Gib"el\, n. [G. gibel, giebel.] (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of carp ({Cyprinus gibelio}); -- called also {Prussian
carp}.
Giber \Gib"er\n.
One who utters gibes. --B. Jonson.
Gibfish \Gib"fish`\, n.
The male of the salmon. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
Gibingly \Gib"ing*ly\, adv.
In a gibing manner; scornfully.
Giblet \Gib"let\, a.
Made of giblets; as, a giblet pie.
Giblets \Gib"lets\, n. pl. [OE. gibelet, OF. gibelet game: cf.
F. gibelotte stewed rabbit. Cf. {Gibbier}.]
The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver, etc.),
of poultry.
Gibstaff \Gib"staff`\, n. [Prov. E. gib a hooked stick + E.
staff.]
1. A staff to guage water, or to push a boat.
2. A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage.
[Obs.] --Bailey.
Gid \Gid\, n. [Cf. {Giddy}, a.]
A disease of sheep, characterized by vertigo; the staggers.
It is caused by the presence of the C?nurus, a larval
tapeworm, in the brain. See {C?nurus}.
Giddily \Gid"di*ly\, adv.
In a giddy manner.
Giddiness \Gid"di*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being giddy.
Giddy \Gid"dy\, a. [Compar. {Giddier}; superl. {Giddiest}.] [OE.
gidi mad, silly, AS. gidig, of unknown origin, cf. Norw.
gidda to shake, tremble.]
1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling
about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of
the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall;
lightheaded; dizzy.
By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed. --Tate.
2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a giddy height; a
giddy precipice. --Prior.
Upon the giddy footing of the hatches. --Shak.
3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round
with celerity; gyratory; whirling.
The giddy motion of the whirling mill. --Pope.
4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable;
fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless. ``Giddy, foolish
hours.'' --Rowe. ``Giddy chance.'' --Dryden.
Young heads are giddy and young hearts are warm.
--Cowper.
Giddy \Gid"dy\, v. i.
To reel; to whirl. --Chapman.
Giddy \Gid"dy\, v. t.
To make dizzy or unsteady. [Obs.]
Giddy-head \Gid"dy-head`\, n.
A person without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment.
[Colloq.] --Burton.
Giddy-headed \Gid"dy-head`ed\, a.
Thoughtless; unsteady.
Giddy-paced \Gid"dy-paced`\, a.
Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle. [R.] --Shak.
Gie \Gie\, v. t.
To guide. See {Gye} . [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gie \Gie\, v. t.
To give. [Scot.] --Burns.
Gier-eagle \Gier"-ea`gle\, n. [Cf. D. gier vulture, G. gier, and
E. gyrfalcon.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bird referred to in the Bible (--Lev. xi. 18and --Deut.
xiv. 17) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture ({Neophron
percnopterus}).
Gier-falcon \Gier"-fal`con\, n. [Cf. {Gier-eagle}, {Gyrfalcon}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The gyrfalcon.
Gieseckite \Gie"seck*ite\, n. [Named after Karl Giesecke.]
(Min.)
A mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having
a greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after
el[ae]olite.
Gif \Gif\, conj. [AS. See {If}.]
If. [Obs.]
Note: Gif is the old form of if, and frequently occurs in the
earlier English writers. See {If}.
Giffard injector \Gif"fard in*ject"or\ (Mach.)
See under {Injector}.
Giffgaff \Giff"gaff\, n. [Reduplicated fr. give.]
Mutial accommodation; mutual giving. [Scot.]
Giffy \Gif"fy\, n. [Obs.]
See {Jiffy}.
Gift \Gift\, n. [OE. gift, yift, yeft, AS. gift, fr. gifan to
give; akin to D. & G. gift, Icel. gift, gipt, Goth. gifts (in
comp.). See {Give}, v. t.]
1. Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one
person to another without compensation; a present; an
offering.
Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . . I can
command ? --Milton.
2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the
office is in the gift of the President.
3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt.
Neither take a gift, for a gift doth blind the eyes
of the wise. --Deut. xvi.
19.
4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a
pre["e]minent and special talent or aptitude; power;
faculty; as, the gift of wit; a gift for speaking.
5. (Law) A voluntary transfer of real or personal property,
without any consideration. It can be perfected only by
deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual
delivery of possession. --Bouvier. Burrill.
{Gift rope} (Naut), a rope extended to a boat for towing it;
a guest rope.
Syn: Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon;
bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty.
Usage: {Gift}, {Present}, {Donation}. These words, as here
compared, denote something gratuitously imparted to
another out of one's property. A gift is something
given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is
usually designed for the relief or benefit of him who
receives it. A present is ordinarly from an equal or
inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or
expression of kindness. Donation is a word of more
dignity, denoting, properly, a gift of considerable
value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some public
institution, or to an individual on account of his
services to the public; as, a donation to a hospital,
a charitable society, or a minister.
Gift \Gift\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gifted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gifting}.]
To endow with some power or faculty.
He was gifted . . . with philosophical sagacity. --I.
Taylor.
Giftedness \Gift"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being gifted. --Echard.
Gig \Gig\ (j[i^]g or g[i^]g), n. [Cf. OF. gigue. See {Jig}, n.]
A fiddle. [Obs.]
Gig \Gig\ (g[i^]g), v. t. [Prob. fr. L. gignere to beget.]
To engender. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Gig \Gig\, n.
A kind of spear or harpoon. See {Fishgig}.
Gig \Gig\, v. t.
To fish with a gig.
Gig \Gig\, n. [OE. gigge. Cf. {Giglot}.]
A playful or wanton girl; a giglot.
Gig \Gig\, n. [Cf. Icel. g[imac]gja fiddle, MHG. g[imac]ge, G.
geige, Icel. geiga to take a wrong direction, rove at random,
and E. jig.]
1. A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round
in play.
Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy gig.
--Shak.
2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one
horse; a kind of chaise.
3. (Naut.) A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and
designed to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the
commanding officer; as, the captain's gig.
4. (Mach.) A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or
teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth.
{Gig machine}, {Gigging machine}, {Gig mill}, or {Napping
machine}. See {Gig}, 4.
{Gig saw}. See {Jig saw}.
Gigantean \Gi`gan*te"an\, a. [L. giganteus, fr. gigas, antis.
See {Giant}.]
Like a giant; mighty; gigantic. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Gigantesque \Gi`gan*tesque"\, a. [F.]
Befitting a giant; bombastic; magniloquent.
The sort of mock-heroic gigantesque With which we
bantered little Lilia first. --Tennyson.
Gigantic \Gi*gan"tic\, a. [L. gigas, -antis, giant. See
{Giant}.]
1. Of extraordinary size; like a giant.
2. Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense;
tremendous; extraordinarly; as, gigantic deeds; gigantic
wickedness. --Milton.
When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Strom
wind of the equinox. --Longfellow.
Gigantical \Gi*gan"tic*al\, a.
Bulky, big. [Obs.] --Burton. -- {Gi*gan"tic*al*ly}, adv.
Giganticide \Gi*gan"ti*cide\, n. [. gigas, -antis, giant +
caedere to kill.]
The act of killing, or one who kills, a giant. --Hallam.
Gigantine \Gi*gan"tine\, a.
Gigantic. [Obs.] --Bullokar.
Gigantology \Gi`gan*tol"og*y\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, giant + -logy: cf.
F. gigantologie.]
An account or description of giants.
Gigantomachy \Gi`gan*tom"a*chy\, n. [L. gigantomachia, fr. Gr.
?; ?, ?, giant + ? battle: cf. F. gigantomachie.]
A war of giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants
against heaven.
Gide \Gide\, Guide \Guide\, n. [OF. guide, guiche.] (Anc. Armor)
The leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung
across the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder.
--Meyrick (Ancient Armor).
Gigerium \Gi*ge"ri*um\, n.; pl. {Gigeria}. [NL., fr. L. gigeria,
pl., the cooked entrails of poultry.] (Anat.)
The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of birds.
Gigget \Gig"get\, n.
Same as {Gigot}.
Cut the slaves to giggets. --Beau. & Fl.
Giggle \Gig"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Giggled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Giggling}.] [Akin to gaggle: cf. OD. ghichelen, G. kichern.]
To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh
in a light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with
childish levity.
Giggling and laughing with all their might At the
piteous hap of the fairy wight. --J. R. Drake.
Giggle \Gig"gle\, n.
A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a
light, silly laugh.
Giggler \Gig"gler\, n.
One who giggles or titters.
Giggly \Gig"gly\, a.
Prone to giggling. --Carlyle.
Giggot \Gig"got\, n.
See {Gigot}. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Giggyng \Gig"gyng\, n. [See {Gige}.]
The act of fastending the gige or leather strap to the
shield. [Obs.] ``Gigging of shields.'' --Chaucer.
Giglot \Gig"lot\, Giglet \Gig"let\, n. [Cf. Icel. gikkr a pert,
rude person, Dan. giek a fool, silly man, AS. gagol, g[ae]gl,
lascivious, wanton, MHG. gogel wanton, giege fool, and E. gig
a wanton person.]
A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy girl. [Obs.]
The giglet is willful, and is running upon her fate.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Giglot \Gig"lot\, a.
Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton. [Obs.] ``O giglot
fortune!'' --Shak.
Gigot \Gig"ot\, Giggot \Gig"got\, n. [F., fr. OF. gigue fiddle;
-- on account of the resemblance in shape. See {Jig}, n.]
1. A leg of mutton.
2. A small piece of flesh; a slice. [Obs.]
The rest in giggots cut, they spit. --Chapman.
Gila monster \Gi"la mon"ster\ (Zo["o]l.)
A large tuberculated lizard ({Heloderma suspectum}) native of
the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the only
lizard known to have venomous teeth.
Gild \Gild\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gilded} or {Gilt} (?); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Gilding}.] [AS. gyldan, from gold gold. [root]234.
See {Gold}.]
1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a
golden color; to cause to look like gold. ``Gilded
chariots.'' --Pope.
No more the rising sun shall gild the morn. --Pope.
2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.
Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm
evening of your day. --Trumbull.
3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to
embellish; as, to gild a lie. --Shak.
4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.]
This grand liquior that hath gilded them. --Shak.
Gildale \Gild"ale`\, n. [AS. gilgan to pay + E. ale. See
{Yield}, v. t., and {Ale}.]
A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share.
[Obs.]
Gilden \Gild"en\, a.
Gilded. --Holland.
Gilder \Gild"er\, n.
One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.
Gilder \Gil"der\, n.
A Dutch coin. See {Guilder}.
Guilding \Guild"ing\, n.
1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold
leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that
which resembles gold.
2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any
surface.
3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what
is solid and genuine.
{Gilding metal}, a tough kind of sheet brass from which
cartridge shells are made.
Gile \Gile\, n. [See {Guile}.]
Guile. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gill \Gill\, n. [Dan. gi[ae]lle, gelle; akin to Sw. g["a]l,
Icel. gj["o]lnar gills; cf. AS. geagl, geahl, jaw.]
1. (Anat.) An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia.
Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills.
--Ray.
Note: Gills are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages,
through which the blood circulates, and in which it is
exposed to the action of the air contained in the
water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the
visceral arches on either side of the neck. In
invertebrates they occupy various situations.
2. pl. (Bot.) The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the
under surface of a mushroom.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a
fowl; a wattle.
4. The flesh under or about the chin. --Swift.
5. (Spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins
which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer
parallel filaments. [Prob. so called from F. aiguilles,
needles. --Ure.]
{Gill arches}, {Gill bars}. (Anat.) Same as {Branchial
arches}.
{Gill clefts}. (Anat.) Same as {Branchial clefts}. See under
{Branchial}.
{Gill cover}, {Gill lid}. See {Operculum}.
{Gill frame}, or {Gill head} (Flax Manuf.), a spreader; a
machine for subjecting flax to the action of gills.
--Knight.
{Gill net}, a flat net so suspended in the water that its
meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the
gills when they seek to extricate themselves.
{Gill opening}, or {Gill slit} (Anat.), an opening behind and
below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by
which the water from the gills is discharged. In most
fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the
sharks and rays there are five, or more, on each side.
{Gill rakes}, or {Gill rakers} (Anat.), horny filaments, or
progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of
fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being
carried into gill cavities.
Gill \Gill\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber. [Prov. Eng.]
Gill \Gill\, n.
A leech. [Also {gell}.] [Scot.] --Jameison.
Gill \Gill\, n. [Icel. gil.]
A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]
Gill \Gill\, n. [OF. gille, gelle, a sort of measure for wine,
LL. gillo, gello., Cf. {Gallon}.]
A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint.
Gill \Gill\, n. [Abbrev. from Gillian.]
1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl.
``Each Jack with his Gill.'' --B. Jonson.
2. (Bot.) The ground ivy ({Nepeta Glechoma}); -- called also
{gill over the ground}, and other like names.
3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy.
{Gill ale}.
(a) Ale flavored with ground ivy.
(b) (Bot.) Alehoof.
Gill-flirt \Gill"-flirt`\, n.
A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill. --Sir W. Scott.
Gillhouse \Gill"house`\, n.
A shop where gill is sold.
Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse mourn.
--Pope.
Gillian \Gil"li*an\, n. [OE. Gillian, a woman's name, for
Julian, Juliana. Cf. {Gill} a girl.]
A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Gillie Gilly \Gil"lie Gil"ly\, n. [Gael. gille, giolla, boy,
lad.]
A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the
Scottish Highlands. --Sir W. Scott.
Gillyflower \Gil"ly*flow`er\, n. [OE. gilofre, gilofer, clove,
OF. girofre, girofle, F. girofle: cf. F. girofl['e]e
gillyflower, fr. girofle, Gr. ? clove tree; ? nut + ? leaf,
akin to E. foliage. Cf. {Caryophyllus}, {July-flower}.]
(Bot.)
1. A name given by old writers to the clove pink ({Dianthus
Caryophyllus}) but now to the common stock ({Matthiola
incana}), a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant
blossoms, usually purplish, but often pink or white.
2. A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red
color, and having a large core. [Written also
{gilliflower}.]
{Clove gillflower}, the clove pink.
{Marsh gillyflower}, the ragged robin ({Lychnis
Flos-cuculi}).
{Queen's, or Winter}, {gillyflower}, damewort.
{Sea gillyflower}, the thrift ({Armeria vulgaris}).
{Wall gillyflower}, the wallflower ({Cheiranthus Cheiri}).
{Water gillyflower}, the water violet.
Gilour \Gil"our\, n. [OF.]
A guiler; deceiver. [Obs.]
Gilse \Gilse\, n. [W. gleisiad, fr. glas blue.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Grilse}.
Gilt \Gilt\, n. [See {Geld}, v. t.] (Zo["o]l.)
A female pig, when young.
Gilt \Gilt\,
imp. & p. p. of {Gild}.
Gilt \Gilt\, p. p. & a.
Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden
yellow. ``Gilt hair'' --Chaucer.
Gilt \Gilt\, n.
1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of
a thing; gilding. --Shak.
2. Money. [Obs.] ``The gilt of France.'' --Shak.
Gilt-edge \Gilt"-edge`\, Gilt-edged \Gilt"-edged`\, a.
1. Having a gilt edge; as, gilt-edged paper.
2. Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable paper, etc.
[Slang, U. S.]
Gilthead \Gilt"head`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A marine fish. The name is applied to two species:
(a) The {Pagrus, or Chrysophrys, auratus}, a valuable food
fish common in the Mediterranean (so named from its
golden-colored head); -- called also {giltpoll}.
(b) The {Crenilabrus melops}, of the British coasts; --
called also {golden maid}, {conner}, {sea partridge}.
Giltif \Gilt"if\, a. [For gilti, by confusion with -if, -ive, in
French forms. See {Guilty}.]
Guilty. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gilttail \Gilt"tail`\, n.
A yellow-tailed worm or larva.
Gim \Gim\, a. [Cf. {Gimp}, a.]
Neat; spruce. [Prov.]
Gimbal \Gim"bal\, or Gimbals \Gim"bals\, n. [See {Gimmal}, n.]
A contrivance for permitting a body to incline freely in all
directions, or for suspending anything, as a barometer,
ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will remain
plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the
rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body
can turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the
ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn
about a diameter at right angles to the first.
{Gimbal joint} (Mach.), a universal joint embodying the
principle of the gimbal.
{Gimbal ring}, a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye
of the upper millstone is supported on the spindle.
Gimblet \Gim"blet\, n. & v.
See {Gimlet}.
Gimcrack \Gim"crack`\, n. [OE., a spruce and pert pretender,
also, a spruce girl, prob. fr. gim + crack lad, boaster.]
A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing.
--Arbuthnot.
Gimlet \Gim"let\, n. [Also written and pronounced {gimbled}]
[OF. guimbelet, guibelet, F. gibelet, prob. fr. OD. wimpel,
weme, a bore, wemelen to bore, to wimble. See {Wimble}, n.]
A small tool for boring holes. It has a leading screw, a
grooved body, and a cross handle.
{Gimlet eye}, a squint-eye. [Colloq.] --Wright.
Gimlet \Gim"let\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gimleted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gimleting}.]
1. To pierce or make with a gimlet.
2. (Naut.) To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a
motion like turning a gimlet.
Gimmal \Gim"mal\, n. [Prob. the same word as gemel. See {Gemel},
and cf. {Gimbal}.]
1. Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or
series of interlocked rings.
2. A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer. [Obs.]
Gommal \Gom"mal\, a.
Made or consisting of interlocked ring? or links; as, gimmal
mail.
In their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit Lies foul with
chewed grass. --Shak.
{Gimmal joint}. See {Gimbal joint}, under {Gimbal}.
Gimmer \Gim"mer\, Gimmor \Gim"mor\, n. [Cf. {Gimmal}, n.]
A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a
gimcrack. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall. --Shak.
Gimp \Gimp\, a. [W. gwymp fair, neat, comely.]
Smart; spruce; trim; nice. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gimp \Gimp\, n. [OF. guimpe, guimple, a nun's wimple, F. guimpe,
OHG. wimpal a veil G. wimpel pennon, pendant. See {Wimple},
n.]
A narrow ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often
with a metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running
through it; -- used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc.
Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.
Gimp \Gimp\, v. t.
To notch; to indent; to jag.
Gin \Gin\, prep. [AS. ge['a]n. See {Again}.]
Against; near by; towards; as, gin night. [Scot.] --A. Ross
(1778).
Gin \Gin\, conj. [See {Gin}, prep.]
If. [Scotch] --Jamieson.
Gin \Gin\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gan}, {Gon} (?), or {Gun} (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Ginning}.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in
comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to
begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. g[=i]nan to
yawn, and E. yawn. ? See {Yawn}, v. i., and cf. {Begin}.]
To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as,
gan tell. See {Gan}. [Obs. or Archaic] ``He gan to pray.''
--Chaucer.
Gin \Gin\, n. [Contr. from Geneva. See 2d {Geneva}.]
A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and
flavored with juniper berries; -- also called {Hollands} and
{Holland gin}, because originally, and still very
extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually
flavored with turpentine.
Gin \Gin\, n. [A contraction of engine.]
1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. --Chaucer.
Spenser.
2.
(a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights,
consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the
top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc.
(b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.
3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton
gin.
Note: The name is also given to an instrument of torture
worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary
sails.
{Gin block}, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel,
over which a rope runs; -- called also {whip gin},
{rubbish pulley}, and {monkey wheel}.
{Gin power}, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin.
{Gin race}, or {Gin ring}, the path of the horse when putting
a gin in motion. --Halliwell.
{Gin saw}, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers
through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper.
{Gin wheel}.
(a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through
the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint.
(b) (Mining) the drum of a whim.
Gin \Gin\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ginned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ginning}.]
1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton.
Ging \Ging\, n.
Same as {Gang}, n., 2. [Obs.]
There is a knot, a ging, a pack, a conspiracy against
me. --Shak.
Gingal \Gin*gal"\, n.
See {Jingal}.
Ginger \Gin"ger\, n. [OE. ginger, gingever, gingivere, OF.
gengibre, gingimbre, F. gingembre, L. zingiber, zingiberi,
fr. Gr. ?; of Oriental origin; cf. Ar. & Pers. zenjeb[=i]l,
fr. Skr. ???gav["e]ra, prop., hornshaped; ???ga horn +
v["e]ra body.]
1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus {Zingiber}, of the East and
West Indies. The species most known is {Z. officinale}.
2. The hot and spicy rootstock of {Zingiber officinale},
which is much used in cookery and in medicine.
{Ginger} {beer or ale}, a mild beer impregnated with ginger.
{Ginger cordial}, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon
rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy.
{Ginger pop}. See {Ginger beer} (above).
{Ginger wine}, wine impregnated with ginger.
{Wild ginger} (Bot.), an American herb ({Asarum Canadense})
with two reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock
which has a strong taste of ginger.
Gingerbread \Gin"ger*bread`\, n.
A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and
sometimes made in fanciful shapes. ``Gingerbread that was
full fine.'' --Chaucer.
{Gingerbread tree} (Bot.), the doom palm; -- so called from
the resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See {Doom
Palm}.
{Gingerbread work}, ornamentation, in architecture or
decoration, of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.
Gingerly \Gin"ger*ly\, adv. [Prov. E. ginger brittle, tender;
cf. dial. Sw. gingla, g["a]ngla, to go gently, totter, akin
to E. gang.]
Cautiously; timidly; fastidiously; daintily.
What is't that you took up so gingerly ? --Shak.
Gingerness \Gin"ger*ness\, n.
Cautiousness; tenderness.
Gingham \Ging"ham\, n. [F. guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or perh.
fr. Guingamp, in France.]
A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or
checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; --
distinguished from printed cotton or prints.
Ginging \Ging"ing\, n. (Mining)
The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent
caving.
Gingival \Gin"gi*val\, a. [L. gingiva the gum.]
Of or pertaining to the gums. --Holder.
Gingle \Gin"gle\, n. & v. [Obs.]
See {Jingle}.
Ginglyform \Gin"gly*form\, a. (Anat.)
Ginglymoid.
Ginglymodi \Gin`gly*mo"di\, n. [NL.; cf. Gr. ? ginglymoid. See
{Ginglymoid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and
many allied fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a
heterocercal tail, paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the
fins, and a bony skeleton, with the vertebr[ae] convex in
front and concave behind, forming a ball and socket joint.
See {Ganoidel}.
Ginglymoid \Gin"gly*moid\, Ginglymoidal \Gin`gly*moid"al\, a.
[Gr. ?; ? ginglymus + ? form: cf. F. ginglymoide,
ginglymo["i]dal.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, a ginglymus, or hinge joint;
ginglyform.
Ginglymus \Gin"gly*mus\, n.; pl. {Ginglymi}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a
hingelike joint, a ball and socket joint.] (Anat.)
A hinge joint; an articulation, admitting of flexion and
extension, or motion in two directions only, as the elbow and
the ankle.
Ginhouse \Gin"house`\, n.
A building where cotton is ginned.
Ginkgo \Gink"go\, n.; pl. {Ginkgoes}. [Chin., silver fruit.]
(Bot.)
A large ornamental tree ({Ginkgo biloba}) from China and
Japan, belonging to the Yew suborder of {Conifer[ae]}. Its
leaves are so like those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is
also called the {maidenhair tree}.
Ginnee \Gin"nee\, n.; pl. {Ginn}.
See {Jinnee}.
Ginnet \Gin"net\, n.
See {Genet}, a horse.
Ginning \Gin"ning\, n. [See {Gin}, v. i.]
Beginning. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ginny-carriage \Gin"ny-car`riage\, n.
A small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a
railroad. [Eng.]
Ginseng \Gin"seng\, n. [Chinese.] (Bot.)
A plant of the genus {Aralia}, the root of which is highly
valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant
({Aralia Schinseng}) has become so rare that the American
({A. quinquefolia}) has largely taken its place, and its root
is now an article of export from America to China. The root,
when dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in
the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with
a slight aromatic bitterness.
Ginshop \Gin"shop`\, n.
A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage. [Colloq.]
Gip \Gip\, v. t.
To take out the entrails of (herrings).
Gip \Gip\, n.
A servant. See {Gyp}. --Sir W. Scott.
Gipoun \Gi*poun"\, n. [See {Jupon}.]
A short cassock. [Written also {gepoun}, {gypoun}, {jupon},
{juppon}.] [Obs.]
Gipser \Gip"ser\, Gipsire \Gip"sire\, n. [F. gibeci[`e]re a game
pouch or game pocket. Cf. {Gibbier}.]
A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle. --Ld. Lytton.
A gipser all of silk, Hung at his girdle, white as
morn['e] milk. --Chaucer.
Gipsy \Gip"sy\, n. a.
See {Gypsy}.
Gipsyism \Gip"sy*ism\, n.
See {Gypsyism}.
Giraffe \Gi*raffe"\, n. [F. girafe, Sp. girafa, from Ar.
zur[=a]fa, zar[=a]fa.] (Zo["o]l.)
An African ruminant ({Camelopardalis giraffa}) related to the
deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the
camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes
twenty feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck
is very long, and its fore legs are much longer than its hind
legs.
Girandole \Gir"an*dole\, n. [F. See {Gyrate}.]
1. An ornamental branched candlestick.
2. A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form.
3. (Pyrotechny) A kind of revolving firework.
4. (Fort.) A series of chambers in defensive mines. --Farrow.
Girasole Girasol \Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol\, n. [It. girasole, or F.
girasol, fr. L. gyrare to turn around + sol sun.]
1. (Bot.) See {Heliotrope}. [Obs.]
2. (Min.) A variety of opal which is usually milk white,
bluish white, or sky blue; but in a bright light it
reflects a reddish color.
Gird \Gird\, n. [See {Yard} a measure.]
1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a
pang.
Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds
and twinges which the atheist feels. --Tillotson.
2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer.
I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio. --Shak.
Gird \Gird\, v. t. [See {Gird}, n., and cf. {Girde}, v.]
1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.]
To slay him and to girden off his head. --Chaucer.
2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.
Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods.
--Shak.
Gird \Gird\, v. i.
To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe
sarcasms.
Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me. --Shak.
Gird \Gird\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Girt}or {Girded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Girding}.] [OE. girden, gurden, AS. gyrdan; akin to OS.
gurdian, D. gorden, OHG. gurten, G. g["u]rten, Icel. gyr?a,
Sw. gjorda, Dan. giorde, Goth. biga['i]rdan to begird, and
prob. to E. yard an inclosure. Cf. {Girth}, n. & v., {Girt},
v. t.]
1. To encircle or bind with any flexible band.
2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle,
bandage, etc.
3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass.
That Nyseian isle, Girt with the River Triton.
--Milton.
4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest.
I girded thee about with fine linen. --Ezek. xvi.
10.
The Son . . . appeared Girt with omnipotence.
--Milton.
5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to gird one's
self for a contest.
Thou hast girded me with strength. --Ps. xviii.
39.
{To gird on}, to put on; to fasten around or to one securely,
like a girdle; as, to gird on armor or a sword.
Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast
himself as he that putteth it off. --1 Kings xx.
11.
{To gird up}, to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and
strengthen, as with a girdle.
He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab. --1
Kings xviii.
46.
Gird up the loins of your mind. --1 Pet. i.
13.
{Girt up}; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for
work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the
long flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it
before any exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or
constantly active; strenuous; striving. ``A severer, more
girt-up way of living.'' --J. C. Shairp.
Girder \Gird"er\, n. [From {Gird} to sneer at.]
One who girds; a satirist.
Girder \Gird"er\, n. [From {Gird} to encircle.]
1. One who, or that which, girds.
2. (Arch. & Engin.) A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam
to span an opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor
beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member
discharging the same office, technically called a compound
girder. See Illusts. of {Frame}, and {Doubleframed floor},
under {Double}.
{Bowstring girder}, {Box girder}, etc. See under {Bowstring},
{Box}, etc.
{Girder bridge}. See under {Bridge}.
{Lattice girder}, a girder consisting of longitudinal bars
united by diagonal crossing bars.
{Half-lattice girder}, a girder consisting of horizontal
upper and lower bars connected by a series of diagonal
bars sloping alternately in opposite directions so as to
divide the space between the bars into a series of
triangles. --Knight.
{Sandwich girder}, a girder consisting of two parallel wooden
beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped
together by iron bolts.
Girding \Gird"ing\, n.
That with which one is girded; a girdle.
Instead of a stomacher, a girding of sackcloth. --Is.
iii. 24.
Girdle \Gir"dle\, n.
A griddle. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Girdle \Gir"dle\, n. [OE. gurdel, girdel, AS. gyrdel, fr.
gyrdan; akin to D. gordel, G. g["u]rtel, Icel. gyr?ill. See
{Gird}, v. t., to encircle, and cf. {Girth}, n.]
1. That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference;
a belt; esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling
the body usually at the waist; a cestus.
Within the girdle of these walls. --Shak.
Their breasts girded with golden girdles. --Rev. xv.
6.
2. The zodiac; also, the equator. [Poetic] --Bacon.
From the world's girdle to the frozen pole.
--Cowper.
That gems the starry girdle of the year. --Campbell.
3. (Jewelry) The line ofgreatest circumference of a
brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the
setting. See Illust. of {Brilliant}. --Knight.
4. (Mining) A thin bed or stratum of stone. --Raymond.
5. (Zo["o]l.) The clitellus of an earthworm.
{Girdle bone} (Anat.), the sphenethmoid. See under
{Sphenethmoid}.
{Girdle wheel}, a spinning wheel.
{Sea girdle} (Zo["o]l.), a ctenophore. See {Venus's girdle},
under {Venus}.
{Shoulder}, {Pectoral}, & {Pelvic}, {girdle}. (Anat.) See
under {Pectoral}, and {Pelvic}.
{To have under the girdle}, to have bound to one, that is, in
subjection.
Girdle \Gir"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Girdled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Girdling}.]
1. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird. --Shak.
2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in.
Those sleeping stones, That as a waist doth girdle
you about. --Shak.
3. To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.)
through the bark and alburnum, thus killing it. [U. S.]
Girdler \Gir"dler\, n.
1. One who girdles.
2. A maker of girdles.
3. (Zo["o]l.) An American longicorn beetle ({Oncideres
cingulatus}) which lays its eggs in the twigs of the
hickory, and then girdles each branch by gnawing a groove
around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food for
the larv[ae].
Girdlestead \Gir"dle*stead\, n. [Girdle + stead place.]
1. That part of the body where the girdle is worn. [Obs.]
Sheathed, beneath his girdlestead. --Chapman.
2. The lap. [R.]
There fell a flower into her girdlestead.
--Swinburne.
Gire \Gire\, n. [Obs.]
See {Gyre}.
Girkin \Gir"kin\, n. [Obs.]
See {Gherkin}.
Girl \Girl\, n. [OE. girle, gerle, gurle, a girl (in sense 1):
cf. LG. g["o]r child.]
1. A young person of either sex; a child. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young
maiden.
3. A female servant; a maidservant. [U. S.]
4. (Zo["o]l.) A roebuck two years old. [Prov. Eng.]
Girlhood \Girl"hood\, n.
State or time of being a girl.
Girlish \Girl"ish\, a.
Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to
girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; as, girlish
ways; girlish grief. -- {Girl"ish*ly}, adv. --
{Girl"ish*ness}, n.
Girlond \Gir"lond\, n. [See {Garland}, n.]
A garland; a prize. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Girn \Girn\, v. i. [See {Grin}, n.]
To grin. [Obs.]
Girondist \Gi*ron"dist\, n. [F. Girondiste.]
A member of the moderate republican party formed in the
French legislative assembly in 1791. The Girondists were so
called because their leaders were deputies from the
department of La Gironde.
Girondist \Gi*ron"dist\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also
{Girondin}.]
Girrock \Gir"rock\, n. [Cf. Prov. F. chicarou.] (Zo["o]l.)
A garfish. --Johnson.
Girt \Girt\,
imp. & p. p. of {Gird}.
Girt \Girt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Girted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Girting}.] [From {Girt}, n., cf. {Girth}, v.]
To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to
measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree.
We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk, And girt
thee with the sword. --Shak.
Girt \Girt\, a. (Naut.)
Bound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two
anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of
the current or tide.
Girt \Girt\ (g[~e]rt), n.
Same as {Girth}.
Girth \Girth\ (g[~e]rth), n. [Icel. gj["o]r[eth] girdle, or
ger[eth] girth; akin to Goth. ga['i]rda girdle. See {Gird} to
girt, and cf. {Girdle}, n.]
1. A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one
by which a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse.
2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the
circumference of anything.
He's a lu sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at
least three yards in the girth. --Addison.
3. A small horizontal brace or girder.
Girth \Girth\, v. t. [From {Girth}, n., cf. {Girt}, v. t.]
To bind as with a girth. [R.] --Johnson.
Girtline \Girt"line`\, n. (Naut.)
A gantline.
{Hammock girtline}, a line rigged for hanging out hammocks to
dry.
Gisarm \Gis*arm"\, n. [OF. gisarme, guisarme.] (Medi[ae]val
Armor)
A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long
sharp point, mounted on a long staff and carried by foot
soldiers.
Gise \Gise\, v. t. [See {Agist}.]
To feed or pasture. [Obs.]
Gise \Gise\, n.
Guise; manner. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gisle \Gis"le\, n. [AS. g[=i]sel; akin to G. geisel, Icel.
g[=i]sl.]
A pledge. [Obs.] --Bp. Gibson.
Gismondine \Gis*mon"dine\, Gismondite \Gis*mon"dite\, n. [From
the name of the discoverer, Gismondi.] (Min.)
A native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash,
first noticed near Rome.
Gist \Gist\, n. [OF. giste abode, lodgings, F. g[^i]te, fr.
g['e]sir to lie, L. jac?re, prop., to be thrown, hence, to
lie, fr. jac?re to throw. In the second sense fr. OF. gist,
F. g[^i]t, 3d pers. sing. ind. of g['e]sir to lie, used in a
proverb, F., c'est l[`a] que g[^i]t le li[`e]vre, it is there
that the hare lies, i. e., that is the point, the difficulty.
See {Jet} a shooting forth, and cf. {Agist}, {Joist}, n.,
{Gest} a stage in traveling.]
1. A resting place. [Obs.]
These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary
resting and baiting places. --Holland.
2. The main point, as of a question; the point on which an
action rests; the pith of a matter; as, the gist of a
question.
Git \Git\, n. (Founding)
See {Geat}.
Gite \Gite\, n.
A gown. [Obs.]
She came often in a gite of red. --Chaucer.
Gith \Gith\, n. [Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. gith corn
cockle.] (Bot.)
The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the Nigella, or
fennel flower.
Gittern \Git"tern\, n. [OE. giterne, OF. guiterne, ultimately
from same source as E. guitar. See {Guitar}, and cf.
{Cittern}.]
An instrument like a guitar. ``Harps, lutes, and giternes.''
--Chaucer.
Gittern \Git"tern\, v. i.
To play on gittern. --Milton.
Gittith \Git"tith\, n. [Heb.]
A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some
to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained
by David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii.,
lxxxi., and lxxxiv. --Dr. W. Smith.
Guist \Guist\, n. [Obs.]
Same as {Joust}. --Spenser.
Giusto \Gius"to\, a. [It., fr. L. justus. See {Just}, a.] (Mus.)
In just, correct, or suitable time.
Give \Give\ (g[i^]v), v. t. [imp. {Gave} (g[=a]v); p. p. {Given}
(g[i^]v"'n); p. pr. & vb. n. {Giving}.] [OE. given, yiven,
yeven, AS. gifan, giefan; akin to D. geven, OS. ge[eth]an,
OHG. geban, G. geben, Icel. gefa, Sw. gifva, Dan. give, Goth.
giban. Cf. {Gift}, n.]
1. To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without
compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as
authority or permission; to yield up or allow.
For generous lords had rather give than pay.
--Young.
2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in
exchange for something; to pay; as, we give the value of
what we buy.
What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ?
--Matt. xvi.
26.
3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and
steel give sparks.
4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to
pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment,
a sentence, a shout, etc.
5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to
license; to commission.
It is given me once again to behold my friend.
--Rowe.
Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine.
--Pope.
6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show;
as, the number of men, divided by the number of ships,
gives four hundred to each ship.
7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply
one's self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder;
also in this sense used very frequently in the past
participle; as, the people are given to luxury and
pleasure; the youth is given to study.
8. (Logic & Math.) To set forth as a known quantity or a
known relation, or as a premise from which to reason; --
used principally in the passive form given.
9. To allow or admit by way of supposition.
I give not heaven for lost. --Mlton.
10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.
I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a
lover. --Sheridan.
11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give
offense; to give pleasure or pain.
12. To pledge; as, to give one's word.
13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give
one to understand, to know, etc.
But there the duke was given to understand That in
a gondola were seen together Lorenzo and his
amorous Jessica. --Shak.
{To give away}, to make over to another; to transfer.
Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our
lives, is given away from ourselves. --Atterbury.
{To give back}, to return; to restore. --Atterbury.
{To give the bag}, to cheat. [Obs.]
I fear our ears have given us the bag. --J. Webster.
{To give birth to}.
(a) To bear or bring forth, as a child.
(b) To originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise,
idea.
{To give chase}, to pursue.
{To give ear to}. See under {Ear}.
{To give forth}, to give out; to publish; to tell. --Hayward.
{To give ground}. See under {Ground}, n.
{To give the hand}, to pledge friendship or faith.
{To give the hand of}, to espouse; to bestow in marriage.
{To give the head}. See under {Head}, n.
{To give in}.
(a) To abate; to deduct.
(b) To declare; to make known; to announce; to tender;
as, to give in one's adhesion to a party.
{To give the lie to} (a person), to tell (him) that he lies.
{To give line}. See under {Line}.
{To give off}, to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc.
{To give one's self away}, to make an inconsiderate surrender
of one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's
purposes, or the like. [Colloq.]
{To give out}.
(a) To utter publicly; to report; to announce or declare.
One that gives out himself Prince Florizel.
--Shak.
Give out you are of Epidamnum. --Shak.
(b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance
gives out steam or odors.
{To give over}.
(a) To yield completely; to quit; to abandon.
(b) To despair of.
(c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's self).
The Babylonians had given themselves over to
all manner of vice. --Grew.
{To give place}, to withdraw; to yield one's claim.
{To give points}.
(a) In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a
certain advantage; to allow a handicap.
(b) To give useful suggestions. [Colloq.]
{To give rein}. See under {Rein}, n.
{To give the sack}. Same as {To give the bag}.
{To give and take}.
(a) To average gains and losses.
(b) To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc.
{To give time}
(Law), to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor.
--Abbott.
{To give the time of day}, to salute one with the compliment
appropriate to the hour, as ``good morning.'' ``good
evening'', etc.
{To give tongue}, in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of
dogs.
{To give up}.
(a) To abandon; to surrender. ``Don't give up the ship.''
He has . . . given up For certain drops of
salt, your city Rome. --Shak.
(b) To make public; to reveal.
I'll not state them By giving up their
characters. --Beau. & Fl.
(c) (Used also reflexively.)
{To give up the ghost}. See under {Ghost}.
{To give one's self up}, to abandon hope; to despair; to
surrender one's self.
{To give way}.
(a) To withdraw; to give place.
(b) To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding
gave way.
(c) (Naut.) To begin to row; or to row with increased
energy.
(d) (Stock Exchange). To depreciate or decline in value;
as, railroad securities gave way two per cent.
{To give way together}, to row in time; to keep stroke.
Syn: To {Give}, {Confer}, {Grant}.
Usage: To give is the generic word, embracing all the rest.
To confer was originally used of persons in power, who
gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to confer the
order of knighthood; and hence it still denotes the
giving of something which might have been withheld;
as, to confer a favor. To grant is to give in answer
to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way
dependent or inferior.
Give \Give\, v. i.
1. To give a gift or gifts.
2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less
rigid; as, the earth gives under the feet.
3. To become soft or moist. [Obs.] --Bacon .
4. To move; to recede.
Now back he gives, then rushes on amain. --Daniel.
5. To shed tears; to weep. [Obs.]
Whose eyes do never give But through lust and
laughter. --Shak.
6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.]
My mind gives ye're reserved To rob poor market
women. --J. Webster.
7. To open; to lead. [A Gallicism]
This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk. --Tennyson.
{To give back}, to recede; to retire; to retreat.
They gave back and came no farther. --Bunyan.
{To give in}, to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self
beaten; to cease opposition.
The Scots battalion was enforced to give in.
--Hayward.
This consideration may induce a translator to give
in to those general phrases. --Pope.
{To give off}, to cease; to forbear. [Obs.] --Locke.
{To give}
{on or upon}.
(a) To rush; to fall upon. [Obs.]
(b) To have a view of; to be in sight of; to overlook; to
look toward; to open upon; to front; to face. [A
Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.]
Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch.
--Tennyson.
The gloomy staircase on which the grating gave.
--Dickens.
{To give out}.
(a) To expend all one's strength. Hence:
(b) To cease from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as,
my feet being to give out; the flour has given out.
{To give over}, to cease; to discontinue; to desist.
It would be well for all authors, if they knew when
to give over, and to desist from any further
pursuits after fame. --Addison.
{To give up}, to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as,
he would never give up.
Given \Giv"en\,
p. p. & a. from {Give}, v.
1. (Math. & Logic) Granted; assumed; supposed to be known;
set forth as a known quantity, relation, or premise.
2. Disposed; inclined; -- used with an adv.; as, virtuously
given. --Shak.
3. Stated; fixed; as, in a given time.
{Given name}, the Christian name, or name given by one's
parents or guardians, as distinguished from the {surname},
which is inherited. [Colloq.]
Giver \Giv"er\, n.
One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who
imparts or distributes.
It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the
heart of the Christian. --Kollock.
Gives \Gives\, n. pl. [See {Give}, n.]
Fetters.
Giving \Giv"ing\, n.
1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting.
2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] --Pope.
3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. ``Upon the
first giving of the weather.'' --Addison.
{Giving in}, a falling inwards; a collapse.
{Giving out}, anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving.
His givings out were of an infinite distance From
his true meant design. --Shak.
Gizzard \Giz"zard\, n. [F. g['e]sier, L. gigeria, pl., the
cooked entrails of poultry. Cf. {Gigerium}.]
1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in
which the food is crushed and ground, after being softened
in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of the
esophagus; the gigerium.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate
animals.
(b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or
teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks.
{Gizzard shad} (Zo["o]l.), an American herring ({Dorosoma
cepedianum}) resembling the shad, but of little value.
{To fret the gizzard}, to harass; to vex one's self; to
worry. [Low] --Hudibras.
{To stick in one's gizzard}, to be difficult of digestion; to
be offensive. [Low]
Glabella \Gla*bel"la\, n.; pl. {Glabell?}. [NL., fr. L.
glabellus hairless, fr. glaber bald.] (Anat.)
The space between the eyebrows, also including the
corresponding part of the frontal bone; the mesophryon. --
{Gla*bel"lar}, a.
Glabellum \Gla*bel"lum\, n.; pl. {Glabella}. [NL. See
{Glabella}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See
{Trilobite}.
Glabrate \Gla"brate\, a. [L. glabrare, fr. glaber smooth.]
(Bot.)
Becoming smooth or glabrous from age. --Gray.
Glabreate \Gla"bre*ate\, Glabriate \Gla"bri*ate\, v. t. [See
{Glabrate}.]
To make smooth, plain, or bare. [Obs.]
Glabrity \Glab"ri*ty\, n. [L. glabritas.]
Smoothness; baldness. [R.]
Glabrous \Gla"brous\, a. [L. glaber; cf. Gr. ? hollow, smooth, ?
to hollow.]
Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any unevenness.
Glacial \Gla"cial\, a. [L. glacialis, from glacies ice: cf. F.
glacial.]
1. Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice;
frozen; icy; esp., pertaining to glaciers; as, glacial
phenomena. --Lyell.
2. (Chem.) Resembling ice; having the appearance and
consistency of ice; -- said of certain solid compounds;
as, glacial phosphoric or acetic acids.
{Glacial acid} (Chem.), an acid of such strength or purity as
to crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike
form; as acetic or carbolic acid.
{Glacial drift} (Geol.), earth and rocks which have been
transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder
drift.
{Glacial} {epoch or period} (Geol.), a period during which
the climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and
ice covered large portions of the northern hemisphere to
the mountain tops.
{Glacial} {theory or hypothesis}. (Geol.) See {Glacier
theory}, under {Glacier}.
Glacialist \Gla"cial*ist\, n.
One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in geology, to
glaciers.
Glaciate \Gla"ci*ate\, v. i. [L. glaciatus, p. p. of glaciare to
freeze, fr. glacies ice.]
To turn to ice.
Glaciate \Gla"ci*ate\, v. t.
1. To convert into, or cover with, ice.
2. (Geol.) To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring
of rocks, transportation of loose material, etc.
{Glaciated rocks}, rocks whose surfaces have been smoothed,
furrowed, or striated, by the action of ice.
Glaciation \Gla`ci*a"tion\, n.
1. Act of freezing.
2. That which is formed by freezing; ice.
3. The process of glaciating, or the state of being
glaciated; the production of glacial phenomena.
Glacier \Gla"cier\, n. [F. glacier, fr. glace ice, L. glacies.]
An immense field or stream of ice, formed in the region of
perpetual snow, and moving slowly down a mountain slope or
valley, as in the Alps, or over an extended area, as in
Greenland.
Note: The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a
glacier is called the firn, or n['e]v['e]; the glacier
proper consist of solid ice, deeply crevassed where
broken up by irregularities in the slope or direction
of its path. A glacier usually carries with it
accumulations of stones and dirt called moraines, which
are designated, according to their position, as
lateral, medial, or terminal (see {Moraine}). The
common rate of flow of the Alpine glaciers is from ten
to twenty inches per day in summer, and about half that
in winter.
{Glacier theory} (Geol.), the theory that large parts of the
frigid and temperate zones were covered with ice during
the glacial, or ice, period, and that, by the agency of
this ice, the loose materials on the earth's surface,
called drift or diluvium, were transported and
accumulated.
Glacious \Gla"cious\, a.
Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy. --Sir
T. Browne.
Glacis \Gla"cis\, n. [F. glacis; -- so named from its
smoothness. See {Glacier}.]
A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially
(Fort.), that slope of earth which inclines from the covered
way toward the exterior ground or country (see Illust. of
{Ravelin}).
Glad \Glad\, a. [Compar. {Gladder}; superl. {Gladdest}.] [AS.
gl[ae]d bright, glad; akin to D. glad smooth, G. glatt, OHG.
glat smooth, shining, Icel. gla?r glad, bright, Dan. & Sw.
glad glad, Lith. glodas smooth, and prob. to L. glaber, and
E. glide. Cf. {Glabrous}.]
1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to
sorry, sorrowful, or unhappy; -- said of persons, and
often followed by of, at, that, or by the infinitive, and
sometimes by with, introducing the cause or reason.
A wise son maketh a glad father. --Prov. x. 1.
He that is glad at calamities shall not be
unpunished. --Prov. xvii.
5.
The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood.
--Dryden.
He, glad of her attention gained. --Milton.
As we are now glad to behold your eyes. --Shak.
Glad am I that your highness is so armed. --Shak.
{Glad on 't}, glad of it. [Colloq.] --Shak.
2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting
joy; producing gladness; exhilarating.
Her conversation More glad to me than to a miser
money is. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day.
--Milton.
Syn: Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted;
happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating;
pleasing; animating.
Usage: {Glad}, {Delighted}, {Gratified}. Delighted expresses
a much higher degree of pleasure than glad. Gratified
always refers to a pleasure conferred by some human
agent, and the feeling is modified by the
consideration that we owe it in part to another. A
person may be glad or delighted to see a friend, and
gratified at the attention shown by his visits.
Glad \Glad\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gladded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gladding}.] [AS. gladian. See {Glad}, a., and cf. {Gladden},
v. t.]
To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate. --Chaucer.
That which gladded all the warrior train. --Dryden.
Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man.
--Pope.
Glad \Glad\, v. i.
To be glad; to rejoice. [Obs.] --Massinger.
Gladden \Glad"den\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gladdened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Gladdening}.] [See {Glad}, v. t.]
To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to
exhilarate.
A secret pleasure gladdened all that saw him.
--Addison.
Gladden \Glad"den\, v. i.
To be or become glad; to rejoice.
The vast Pacific gladdens with the freight.
--Wordsworth.
Gladder \Glad"der\, n.
One who makes glad. --Chaucer.
Glade \Glade\, n. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.;
cf. also W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr.
goleu light, clear, bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a light
or clear defile.]
1. An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared
space in a forest.
There interspersed in lawns and opening glades.
--Pope.
2. An everglade. [Local, U. S.]
3. An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left
unfrozen; also, smooth ice. [Local, U. S.]
{Bottom glade}. See under {Bottom}.
{Glade net}, in England, a net used for catching woodcock and
other birds in forest glades.
Gladen \Gla"den\, n. [AS. gl[ae]dene, cf. L. gladius a sword.
Cf. {Gladiole}.] (Bot.)
Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the
European {Iris f[oe]tidissima}. [Written also {gladwyn},
{gladdon}, and {glader}.]
Gladeye \Glad"eye`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European yellow-hammer.
Gladful \Glad"ful\, a.
Full of gladness; joyful; glad. [R.] -- {Glad"ful*ness}, n.
[R.] --Spenser.
It followed him with gladful glee. --Spenser.
Gladiate \Glad"i*ate\, a. [L. gladius sword.] (Bot.)
Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the
iris, or of the gladiolus.
Gladiator \Glad"i*a`tor\, n. [L., fr. gladius sword. See
{Glaive}.]
1. Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with
weapons in public, either on the occasion of a funeral
ceremony, or in the arena, for public amusement.
2. One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy.
Gladiatorial \Glad`i*a*to"ri*al\, Gladiatorian
\Glad`i*a*to"ri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants
in general.
Gladiatorism \Glad"i*a`tor*ism\, n.
The art or practice of a gladiator.
Gladiatorship \Glad"i*a`tor*ship\, n.
Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator.
Gladiatory \Glad"i*a*to*ry\, a. [L. gladiatorius.]
Gladiatorial. [R.]
Gladiature \Glad"i*a*ture\, n. [L. gladiatura.]
Swordplay; fencing; gladiatorial contest. --Gayton.
Gladiole \Glad"i*ole\, n. [L. gladiolus a small sword, the sword
lily, dim. of gladius sword. See {Glaive}.] (Bot.)
A lilylike plant, of the genus {Gladiolus}; -- called also
{corn flag}.
Gladiolus \Gla*di"o*lus\, n.; pl. L. {Gladioli}, E.
{Gladioluses}. [L. See {Gladiole}.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate
leaves, and including many species, some of which are
cultivated and valued for the beauty of their flowers; the
corn flag; the sword lily.
2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the sternum in some animals;
the mesosternum.
Gladius \Gla"di*us\, n.; pl. {Gladii}. [L., a sword.] (Zo["o]l.)
The internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids.
Gladly \Glad"ly\, adv. [From {Glad}, a.]
1. Preferably; by choice. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly.
The common people heard him gladly. --Mark xii.
37.
Gladness \Glad"ness\, n. [AS. gl[ae]dnes.]
State or quality of being glad; pleasure; joyful
satisfaction; cheerfulness.
They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and
singleness of heart. --Acts ii. 46.
Note: Gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth,
merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it usually
expresses less than delight. It sometimes expresses
great joy.
The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good
day. --Esther viii.
17.
Gladship \Glad"ship\, n. [AS. gl[ae]dscipe.]
A state of gladness. [Obs.] --Gower.
Gladsome \Glad"some\, a.
1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful.
2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the
appearance of gayety; pleasing.
Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day.
--Prior.
-- {Glad"some*ly}, adv. -- {Glad"some*ness}, n.
Hours of perfect gladsomeness. --Wordsworth.
Gladstone \Glad"stone\, n. [Named after Wm. E. Gladstone.]
A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats,
calash top, and seats for driver and footman.
Gladwyn \Glad"wyn\, n. (Bot.)
See {Gladen}.
Glair \Glair\, n. [F. glaire, glaire d'?uf, the glair of an egg,
prob. fr. L. clarus clear, bright. See {Clear}, a.]
1. The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in
bookbinding, for pastry, etc.
2. Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white
of an egg.
3. A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd.
Glair \Glair\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Glaired}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glairing}.]
To smear with the white of an egg.
Glaire \Glaire\, n.
See {Glair}.
Glaireous \Glair"e*ous\, a.
Glairy; covered with glair.
Glairin \Glair"in\, n.
A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the surface of
certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their
inclosures; -- called also {baregin}.
Glairy \Glair"y\, a.
Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered with
glair; viscous and transparent; slimy. --Wiseman.
Glaive \Glaive\, n. [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E.
claymore. Cf. {Gladiator}.]
1. A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed
on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve;
also, a light lance with a long sharp-pointed head.
--Wilhelm.
2. A sword; -- used poetically and loosely.
The glaive which he did wield. --Spenser.
Glama \Gla"ma\, n. [NL.; cf. Gr. ?, L. gramiae, Gr. ?
blear-eyed.] (Med.)
A copious gummy secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in
consequence of some disorder; blearedness; lippitude.
Glamour \Gla"mour\, n. [Scot. glamour, glamer; cf. Icel.
gl['a]meggdr one who is troubled with the glaucoma (?); or
Icel. gl[=a]m-s?ni weakness of sight, glamour; gl[=a]mr name
of the moon, also of a ghost + s?ni sight akin to E. see.
Perh., however, a corruption of E. gramarye.]
1. A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different
from what they really are.
2. Witchcraft; magic; a spell. --Tennyson.
3. A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear
different from what they really are.
The air filled with a strange, pale glamour that
seemed to lie over the broad valley. --W. Black.
4. Any artificial interest in, or association with, an
object, through which it appears delusively magnified or
glorified.
{Glamour gift}, {Glamour might}, the gift or power of
producing a glamour. The former is used figuratively, of
the gift of fascination peculiar to women.
It had much of glamour might To make a lady seem a
knight. --Sir W.
Scott.
Glamourie \Glam"ou*rie\, n.
Glamour. [Scot.]
Glance \Glance\, n. [Akin to D. glans luster, brightness, G.
glanz, Sw. glans, D. glands brightness, glimpse. Cf. {Gleen},
{Glint}, {Glitter}, and {Glance} a mineral.]
1. A sudden flash of light or splendor.
Swift as the lightning glance. --Milton.
2. A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a
swift survey; a glimpse.
Dart not scornful glances from those eyes. --Shak.
3. An incidental or passing thought or allusion.
How fleet is a glance of the mind. --Cowper.
4. (Min.) A name given to some sulphides, mostly
dark-colored, which have a brilliant metallic luster, as
the sulphide of copper, called copper glance.
{Glance coal}, anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of
carbon.
{Glance cobalt}, cobaltite, or gray cobalt.
{Glance copper}, chalcocite.
{Glance wood}, a hard wood grown in Cuba, and used for
gauging instruments, carpenters' rules, etc. --McElrath.
Glance \Glance\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glanced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glancing}.]
1. To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.
From art, from nature, from the schools, Let random
influences glance, Like light in many a shivered
lance, That breaks about the dappled pools.
--Tennyson.
2. To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart
aside. ''Your arrow hath glanced''. --Shak.
On me the curse aslope Glanced on the ground.
--Milton.
3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a
momentary or hasty view.
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth
glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven.
--Shak.
4. To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to
hint; -- often with at.
Wherein obscurely C[ae]sar"s ambition shall be
glanced at. --Shak.
He glanced at a certain reverend doctor. --Swift.
5. To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be
visible only for an instant at a time; to move
interruptedly; to twinkle.
And all along the forum and up the sacred seat, His
vulture eye pursued the trip of those small glancing
feet. --Macaulay.
Glance \Glance\, v. t.
1. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a
moment; as, to glance the eye.
2. To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly. [Obs.]
In company I often glanced it. --Shak.
Glancing \Glan"cing\, a.
1. Shooting, as light.
When through the gancing lightnings fly. --Rowe.
2. Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a
glancing shot.
Glancingly \Glan"cing*ly\, adv.
In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally; indirectly.
--Hakewill.
Gland \Gland\, n. [F. glande, L. glans, glandis, acorn; akin to
Gr. ? for ?, and ? to cast, throw, the acorn being the
dropped fruit. Cf. {Parable}, n.]
1. (Anat.)
(a) An organ for secreting something to be used in, or
eliminated from, the body; as, the sebaceous glands of
the skin; the salivary glands of the mouth.
(b) An organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true,
gland, as the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and
pituitary glands, the functions of which are very
imperfectly known.
Note: The true secreting glands are, in principle, narrow
pouches of the mucous membranes, or of the integument,
lined with a continuation of the epithelium, or of the
epidermis, the cells of which produce the secretion
from the blood. In the larger glands, the pouches are
tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the sweat
glands, or subdivided and branched, making compound and
racemose glands, such as the pancreas.
2. (Bot.)
(a) A special organ of plants, usually minute and
globular, which often secretes some kind of resinous,
gummy, or aromatic product.
(b) Any very small prominence.
3. (Steam Mach.) The movable part of a stuffing box by which
the packing is compressed; -- sometimes called a follower.
See Illust. of {Stuffing box}, under {Stuffing}.
4. (Mach.) The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch.
Glandage \Glan"dage\, n. [Cf. OF. glandage. See {Gland}.]
A feeding on nuts or mast. [Obs.] --Crabb.
Glandered \Glan"dered\, a.
Affected with glanders; as, a glandered horse. --Yu?att.
Glanderous \Glan"der*ous\, a.
Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders.
--Youatt.
Glanders \Glan"ders\, n. [From {Gland}.] (Far.)
A highly contagious and very destructive disease of horses,
asses, mules, etc., characterized by a constant discharge of
sticky matter from the nose, and an enlargement and
induration of the glands beneath and within the lower jaw. It
may transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep, and to human beings.
Glandiferous \Glan*dif"er*ous\, a. [L. glandifer; glans,
glandis, acorn + ferre to bear; cf. F. glandif[`e]re.]
Bearing acorns or other nuts; as, glandiferous trees.
Glandiform \Gland"i*form\, a. [L. glans, glandis, acorn + -form:
cf. F. glandiforme .]
Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland.
Glandular \Glan"du*lar\, a. [Cf. F. glandulaire. See
{Glandule}.]
Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands;
pertaining to glands.
Glandulation \Glan`du*la"tion\, n. [Cf. F. glandulation.] (Bot.)
The situation and structure of the secretory vessels in
plants. --Martyn.
Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which are
either glandules, follicles, or utricles. --J. Lee.
Glandule \Glan"dule\, n. [L. glandula, dim. of glans, glandis,
acorn: cf. F. glandule. See {Gland}.]
A small gland or secreting vessel.
Glanduliferous \Glan`du*lif"er*ous\, a. [L. glandula gland +
-ferous; cf. F. glandulif[`e]re.]
Bearing glandules.
Glandulose \Glan"du*lose`\, a.
Same as {Glandulous}.
Glandulosity \Glan`du*los"i*ty\, n.
Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands. [R.]
--Sir T. Browne.
Glandulous \Glan"du*lous\, a. [L. glandulosus: cf. F.
glanduleux.]
Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to
glands; resembling glands.
Glans \Glans\n.; pl. {Glandes}. [L. See {Gland}.]
1. (Anat.) The vascular body which forms the apex of the
penis, and the extremity of the clitoris.
2. (Bot.) The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits.
--Gray.
3. (Med.)
(a) Goiter.
(b) A pessary. [Obs.]
Glare \Glare\ (gl[^a]r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glared}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Glaring}.] [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. gl[ae]r
amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to
glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light.
The cavern glares with new-admitted light. --Dryden.
2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly,
angrily, or fiercely.
And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon. --Byron.
3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be
ostentatiously splendid or gay.
She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring.
--Pope.
Glare \Glare\, v. t.
To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light.
Every eye Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious
fire. --Milton.
Glare \Glare\, n.
1. A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes;
a confusing and bewildering light.
The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare.
--Dryden.
2. A fierce, piercing look or stare.
About them round, A lion now he stalks with fiery
glare. --Milton.
3. A viscous, transparent substance. See {Glair}.
4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a glare of ice. [U.
S. ]
Glare \Glare\, a. [See {Glary}, and {Glare}, n.]
Smooth and bright or translucent; -- used almost exclusively
of ice; as, skating on glare ice. [U. S.]
Glareous \Glar"e*ous\, a. [Cf. F. glaireux. See {Glair}.]
Glairy. --John Georgy (1766).
Glariness \Glar"i*ness\, Glaringness \Glar"ing*ness\, n.
A dazzling luster or brilliancy.
Glaring \Glar"ing\, a.
Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring
crime. -- {Glar"ing*ly}, adv.
Glary \Glar"y\, a.
Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.
Bright, crystal glass is glary. --Boyle.
Glass \Glass\, n. [OE. glas, gles, AS. gl[ae]s; akin to D., G.,
Dan., & Sw. glas, Icel. glas, gler, Dan. glar; cf. AS.
gl[ae]r amber, L. glaesum. Cf. {Glare}, n., {Glaze}, v. t.]
1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent
substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture,
and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime,
potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes
and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for
lenses, and various articles of ornament.
Note: Glass is variously colored by the metallic oxides;
thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous),
red, or (cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium,
yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green or brown;
gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium,
emerald green; antimony, yellow.
2. (Chem.) Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance,
and a conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion.
3. Anything made of glass. Especially:
(a) A looking-glass; a mirror.
(b) A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time;
an hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a
vessel is exhausted of its sand.
She would not live The running of one glass.
--Shak.
(c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the
contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous
liquors; as, he took a glass at dinner.
(d) An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the
plural, spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears
glasses.
(e) A weatherglass; a barometer.
Note: Glass is much used adjectively or in combination; as,
glass maker, or glassmaker; glass making or
glassmaking; glass blower or glassblower, etc.
{Bohemian glass}, {Cut glass}, etc. See under {Bohemian},
{Cut}, etc.
{Crown glass}, a variety of glass, used for making the finest
plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of
silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of
lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of
crown glass; -- so called from a crownlike shape given it
in the process of blowing.
{Crystal glass}, or {Flint glass}. See {Flint glass}, in the
Vocabulary.
{Cylinder glass}, sheet glass made by blowing the glass in
the form of a cylinder which is then split longitudinally,
opened out, and flattened.
{Glass of antimony}, a vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with
sulphide.
{Glass blower}, one whose occupation is to blow and fashion
glass.
{Glass blowing}, the art of shaping glass, when reduced by
heat to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube.
{Glass cloth}, a woven fabric formed of glass fibers.
{Glass coach}, a coach superior to a hackney-coach, hired for
the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so
called because originally private carriages alone had
glass windows. [Eng.] --Smart.
Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from
which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this
term, which is never used in America, hired
carriages that do not go on stands. --J. F.
Cooper.
{Glass cutter}.
(a) One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for window
panes, ets.
(b) One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and
polishing.
(c) A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for
cutting glass.
{Glass cutting}.
(a) The act or process of dividing glass, as sheets of
glass into panes with a diamond.
(b) The act or process of shaping the surface of glass by
appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand,
emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied;
especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth
ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental
scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said to be engraved.
{Glass metal}, the fused material for making glass.
{Glass painting}, the art or process of producing decorative
effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and
combining the pieces together with slender sash bars of
lead or other metal. In common parlance, glass painting
and glass staining (see {Glass staining}, below) are used
indifferently for all colored decorative work in windows,
and the like.
{Glass paper}, paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used
for abrasive purposes.
{Glass silk}, fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion,
on rapidly rotating heated cylinders.
{Glass silvering}, the process of transforming plate glass
into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a
deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam.
{Glass soap}, or {Glassmaker's soap}, the black oxide of
manganese or other substances used by glass makers to take
away color from the materials for glass.
{Glass staining}, the art or practice of coloring glass in
its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in
a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass.
Cf. Glass painting.
{Glass tears}. See {Rupert's drop}.
{Glass works}, an establishment where glass is made.
{Heavy glass}, a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially
of a borosilicate of potash.
{Millefiore glass}. See {Millefiore}.
{Plate glass}, a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates,
and flattened by heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and
the best windows.
{Pressed glass}, glass articles formed in molds by pressure
when hot.
{Soluble glass} (Chem.), a silicate of sodium or potassium,
found in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder,
or dissolved as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for
rendering fabrics incombustible, for hardening artificial
stone, etc.; -- called also {water glass}.
{Spun glass}, glass drawn into a thread while liquid.
{Toughened glass}, {Tempered glass}, glass finely tempered or
annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by
plunging while hot into oil, melted wax, or paraffine,
etc.; -- called also, from the name of the inventor of the
process, {Bastie glass}.
{Water glass}. (Chem.) See {Soluble glass}, above.
{Window glass}, glass in panes suitable for windows.
Glass \Glass\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Glassed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glassing}.]
1. To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used
reflexively.
Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror.
--Motley.
Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in
tempests. --Byron.
2. To case in glass. [R.] --Shak.
3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze. --Boyle.
4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it
with a glass burnisher.
Glass-crab \Glass"-crab`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The larval state ({Phyllosoma}) of the genus {Palinurus} and
allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines,
thinness, and transparency. See {Phyllosoma}.
Glassen \Glass"en\, a.
Glassy; glazed. [Obs.]
And pursues the dice with glassen eyes. --B. Jonson.
Glasseye \Glass"eye`\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed pike.
2. (Far.) A species of blindness in horses in which the eye
is bright and the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis.
--Youatt.
Glass-faced \Glass"-faced`\, a.
Mirror-faced; reflecting the sentiments of another. [R.]
``The glass-faced flatterer.'' --Shak.
Glassful \Glass"ful\, n.; pl. {Glassfuls}.
The contents of a glass; as much of anything as a glass will
hold.
Glassful \Glass"ful\, a.
Glassy; shining like glass. [Obs.] ``Minerva's glassful
shield.'' --Marston.
Glass-gazing \Glass"-gaz`ing\, a.
Given to viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical.
[Poetic] --Shak.
Glasshouse \Glass"house`\, n.
A house where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in
glassware.
Glassily \Glass"i*ly\, adv.
So as to resemble glass.
Glassiness \Glass"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being glassy.
Glassite \Glass"ite\, n.
A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by
John Glass, a minister of the Established Church of Scotland,
who taught that justifying faith is ``no more than a simple
assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the
understanding.'' The English and American adherents of this
faith are called Sandemanians, after Robert Sandeman, the
son-in-law and disciple of Glass.
Glass maker \Glass" mak`er\, or Glassmaker \Glass"mak`er\, n.
One who makes, or manufactures, glass. -- {Glass" mak`ing},
or {Glass"mak`ing}, n.
Glass-rope \Glass"-rope`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the genus {Hyalonema}, first
brought from Japan. It has a long stem, consisting of a
bundle of long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers, twisted
together.
Glass-snail \Glass"-snail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small, transparent, land snail, of the genus {Vitrina}.
Glass-snake \Glass"-snake`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A long, footless lizard ({Ophiosaurus ventralis}), of the
Southern United States; -- so called from its fragility, the
tail easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the
length of three feet. The name is applied also to similar
species found in the Old World.
Glass-sponge \Glass"-sponge`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A siliceous sponge, of the genus {Hyalonema}, and allied
genera; -- so called from their glassy fibers or spicules; --
called also {vitreous sponge}. See {Glass-rope}, and
{Euplectella}.
Glassware \Glass"ware\, n.
Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass.
Glasswork \Glass"work`\, n.
Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation made of
glass.
Glasswort \Glass"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A seashore plant of the Spinach family ({Salicornia
herbacea}), with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly
plant of the same family ({Salsola Kali}), both formerly
burned for the sake of the ashes, which yield soda for making
glass and soap.
Glassy \Glass"y\, a.
1. Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy substance. --Bacon.
2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness,
brittleness, or transparency; as, a glassy stream; a
glassy surface; the glassy deep.
3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the
eyes. ``In his glassy eye.'' --Byron.
{Glassy feldspar} (Min.), a variety of orthoclase; sanidine.
Glasstonbury thorn \Glass"ton*bur*y thorn`\ (Bot.)
A variety of the common hawthorn. --Loudon.
Glasynge \Glas"ynge\, n.
Glazing or glass. [Obs.]
Glauberite \Glau"ber*ite\, n. [From Glauber, a German chemist,
died 1668: cf. F. glaub['e]rite, G. glauberit.] (Min.)
A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of soda and lime.
Glauber's salt \Glau"ber's salt`\or Glauber's salts \Glau"ber's
salts`\ [G. glaubersalz, from Glauber, a German chemist who
discovered it. See {Glauberite}.]
Sulphate of soda, a well-known cathartic. It is a white
crystalline substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste,
and is commonly called ``salts.''
Note: It occurs naturally and abundantly in some mineral
springs, and in many salt deposits, as the mineral
mirabilite. It is manufactured in large quantities as
an intermediate step in the ``soda process,'' and also
for use in glass making.
Glaucescent \Glau*ces"cent\, a. [See {Glaucous}.]
Having a somewhat glaucous appearance or nature; becoming
glaucous.
Glaucic \Glau"cic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to the Glaucium or horned poppy; -- formerly
applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be fumaric
acid.
Glaucine \Glau"cine\, a.
Glaucous or glaucescent.
Glaucine \Glau"cine\, n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid obtained from the plant Glaucium, as a bitter,
white, crystalline substance.
Glaucodot \Glau"co*dot\, n. [Gr. ? silvery, gray + ? to give.]
(Min.)
A metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and
containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic.
Glaucoma \Glau*co"ma\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? light gray, blue
gray.] (Med.)
Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of
transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting
media of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the
eyeball, with marked increase of tension within the eyeball.
Glaucomatous \Glau*co"ma*tous\, a.
Having the nature of glaucoma.
Glaucometer \Glau*com"e*ter\, n.
See {Gleucometer}.
Glauconite \Glau"co*nite\, n. [Cf. F. glauconite, glauconie, fr.
L. glaucus. See {Glaucous}.] (Min.)
The green mineral characteristic of the greensand of the
chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron
and potash. See {Greensand}.
Glaucophane \Glau"co*phane\, n. [Gr. ? silvery, gray + ? to
appear.] (Min.)
A mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is
characteristic of certain crystalline rocks.
Glaucosis \Glau*co"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Med.)
Same as {Glaucoma}.
Glaucous \Glau"cous\, a. [L. glaucus, Gr. ?.]
1. Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing into grayish
blue. --Lindley.
2. (Bot.) Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder
easily rubbed off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage
leaf. --Gray.
Glaucus \Glau"cus\, n. [L., sea green.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks, found in the warmer
latitudes, swimming in the open sea. These mollusks are
beautifully colored with blue and silvery white.
Glaum \Glaum\, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To grope with the hands, as in the dark. [Scot.]
{To glaum at}, to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to.
Wha glaum'd at kingdoms three. --Burns.
Glave \Glave\, n.
See {Glaive}.
Glaver \Glav"er\, v. i. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glafr
flattery.]
1. To prate; to jabber; to babble. [Obs.]
Here many, clepid filosophirs, glavern diversely.
--Wyclif.
2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Obs.]
Some slavish, glavering, flattering parasite.
--South.
Glaverer \Glav"er*er\, n.
A flatterer. [Obs.] --Mir. for Mag.
Glaymore \Glay"more`\, n.
A claymore. --Johnson.
Glase \Glase\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Glased}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glazing}.] [OE. glasen, glazen, fr. glas. See {Glass}.]
1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease, etc.) with
glass.
Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and
glazed with crystalline glass. --Bacon.
2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface,
consisting of, or resembling, glass; as, to glaze
earthenware; hence, to render smooth, glasslike, or
glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the like.
Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears. --Shak.
3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent
color to (another color), to modify the effect.
Glaze \Glaze\, v. i.
To become glazed of glassy.
Glaze \Glaze\, n.
1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything
used as a coating or color in glazing. See {Glaze}, v. t.,
3. --Ure.
2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste,
and spread thinly over braised dishes.
3. A glazing oven. See {Glost oven}.
Glazen \Glaz"en\, a. [AS. gl[ae]sen.]
Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Glazer \Glaz"er\, n.
1. One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.;
one who gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a
calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.
2. A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing,
etc.; amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel
covered with emery, or having a band of lead and tin
alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc.
Glazier \Gla"zier\, n. [From {Glaze}.]
One whose business is to set glass.
{Glazier's diamond}. See under {Diamond}.
Glazing \Glaz"ing\, n.
1. The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with
a vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or
rendering glossy.
2. The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc.
3. The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any
surface is incrusted or overlaid; as, the glazing of
pottery or porcelain, or of paper.
4. (Paint.) Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed
thinly over other colors, to modify the effect.
Glazy \Glaz"y\, a.
Having a glazed appearance; -- said of the fractured surface
of some kinds of pin iron.
Glead \Glead\, n.
A live coal. See {Gleed}. [Archaic]
Gleam \Gleam\, v. i. [Cf. OE. glem birdlime, glue, phlegm, and
E. englaimed.] (Falconry)
To disgorge filth, as a hawk.
Gleam \Gleam\, n. [OE. glem, gleam, AS. gl[ae]m, prob. akin to
E. glimmer, and perh. to Gr. ? warm, ? to warm. Cf.
{Glitter}.]
1. A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray;
a glimpse.
Transient unexpected gleams of joi. --Addison.
At last a gleam Of dawning light turned thitherward
in haste His [Satan's] traveled steps. --Milton.
A glimmer, and then a gleam of light. --Longfellow.
2. Brightness; splendor.
In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen.
--Pope.
Gleam \Gleam\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gleamed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gleaming}.]
1. To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn,
light gleams in the east.
2. To shine; to cast light; to glitter.
Syn: To {Gleam}, {Glimmer}, {Glitter}.
Usage: To gleam denotes a faint but distinct emission of
light. To glimmer describes an indistinct and unsteady
giving of light. To glitter imports a brightness that
is intense, but varying. The morning light gleams upon
the earth; a distant taper glimmers through the mist;
a dewdrop glitters in the sun. See {Flash}.
Gleam \Gleam\, v. t.
To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.).
Dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights. --Shak.
Gleamy \Gleam"y\, a.
Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing;
coruscating.
In brazed arms, that cast a gleamy ray, Swift through
the town the warrior bends his way. --Pope.
Glean \Glean\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gleaned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gleaning}.] [OE. glenen, OF. glener, glaner, F. glaner, fr.
LL. glenare; cf. W. glan clean, glanh?u to clean, purify, or
AS. gelm, gilm, a hand?ul.]
1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or
fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or
grapes left after the gathering.
To glean the broken ears after the man That the main
harvest reaps. --Shak.
2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left.
3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to
obtain.
Content to glean what we can from . . . experiments.
--Locke.
Glean \Glean\, v. i.
1. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.
And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field
after the reapers. --Ruth ii. 3.
2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees.
Piecemeal they this acre first, then that; Glean on,
and gather up the whole estate. --Pope.
Glean \Glean\, n.
A collection made by gleaning.
The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs.
--Dryden.
Glean \Glean\, n.
Cleaning; afterbirth. [Obs.] --Holland.
Gleaner \Glean"er\, n.
1. One who gathers after reapers.
2. One who gathers slowly with labor. --Locke.
Gleaning \Glean"ing\, n.
The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected
by gleaning.
Glenings of natural knowledge. --Cook.
Glebe \Glebe\, n. [F. gl[`e]be, L. gleba, glaeba, clod, land,
soil.]
1. A lump; a clod.
2. Turf; soil; ground; sod.
Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine.
--Milton.
3. (Eccl. Law) The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a
parish church or ecclesiastical benefice.
Glebeless \Glebe"less\, a.
Having no glebe.
Glebosity \Gle*bos"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being glebous. [R.]
Glebous \Gleb"ous\, Gleby \Gleb"y\, a. [Cf. L. glaebosus
cloddy.]
Pertaining to the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful.
``Gleby land.'' --Prior.
Glede \Glede\ (gl[=e]d), n. [AS. glida, akin to Icel. gle[eth]a,
Sw. glada. Cf. {Glide}, v. i.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common European kite ({Milvus ictinus}). This name is
also sometimes applied to the buzzard. [Written also {glead},
{gled}, {gleed}, {glade}, and {glide}.]
Glede \Glede\, n. [See {Gleed}.]
A live coal. [Archaic]
The cruel ire, red as any glede. --Chaucer.
Glee \Glee\ (gl[=e]), n. [OE. gle, gleo, AS. gle['o]w, gle['o],
akin to Icel. gl[=y]: cf. Gr. chley`n joke, jest.]
1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth
enjoyed at a feast. --Spenser.
3. (Mus.) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo
voices. It is not necessarily gleesome.
Gleed \Gleed\ (gl[=e]d), n. [AS. gl[=e]d, fr. gl[=o]wan to glow
as a fire; akin to D. gloed, G. glut, Icel. gl[=o][eth]. See
{Glow}, v. i.]
A live or glowing coal; a glede. [Archaic] --Chaucer.
Longfellow.
Gleeful \Glee"ful\, a.
Merry; gay; joyous. --Shak.
Gleek \Gleek\, n. [Prob. fr. Icel. leika to play, play a trick
on, with the prefix ge-; akin to AS. gel[=a]can, Sw. leka to
play, Dan. lege.]
1. A jest or scoff; a trick or deception. [Obs.]
Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his gleeks
? --Shak.
2. [Cf. {Glicke}] An enticing look or glance. [Obs.]
A pretty gleek coming from Pallas' eye. --Beau. &
Fl.
Gleek \Gleek\, v. i.
To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Gleek \Gleek\, n. [OF. glic, G. gl["u]ck, fortune. See {Luck}.]
1. A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons.
[Obs.] --Pepys. Evelyn.
2. Three of the same cards held in the same hand; -- hence,
three of anything. [Obs.]
Gleeman \Glee"man\, n.; pl. {Gleemen}. [Glee + man; AS.
gle['o]man.]
A name anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.
Gleen \Gleen\, v. i. [Cf. {Glance}, {Glint}.]
To glisten; to gleam. [Obs.] --Prior.
Gleesome \Glee"some\, a.
Merry; joyous; gleeful.
Gleet \Gleet\, n. [OE. glette, glet, glat, mucus, pus, filth,
OF. glete.] (Med.)
A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the
urethra, commonly an effect of gonorrhea. --Hoblyn.
Gleet \Gleet\, v. i.
1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet.
--Wiseman.
2. To flow slowly, as water. --Cheyne.
Gleety \Gleet"y\, a.
Ichorous; thin; limpid. --Wiseman.
Gleg \Gleg\, a. [Icel. gl["o]ggr.]
Quick of perception; alert; sharp. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Gleire \Gleire\, Gleyre \Gleyre\, n.
See {Glair}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Glen \Glen\, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glyn a deep valley,
Ir. & Gael. gleann valley, glen.]
A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between
hills.
And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen. --Spenser.
Glenlivat \Glen*liv"at\, Glenlivet \Glen*liv"et\, n.
A kind of Scotch whisky, named from the district in which it
was first made. --W. E. Aytoun.
Glenoid \Gle"noid\, a. [Gr. ?; ? socket of a joint + ? form; cf.
F. gl['e]no["i]de.] (Anat.)
Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression;
socketlike; -- applied to several articular surfaces of bone;
as, the glenoid cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which
the head of the humerus articulates.
Glenoidal \Gle*noid"al\, a. (Anat.)
Glenoid.
Glent \Glent\, n. & v.
See {Glint}.
Gleucometer \Gleu*com"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? must + -meter: cf. F.
gleucom[`e]tre.]
An instrument for measuring the specific gravity and
ascertaining the quantity of sugar contained in must.
Glew \Glew\, n.
See {Glue}. [Obs.]
Gley \Gley\, v. i. [OE. gli[yogh]en, glien, gleien, to shine, to
squint; cf. Icel. glj[=a] to glitter.]
To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things. [Scot.]
--Jamieson.
Gley \Gley\, adv.
Asquint; askance; obliquely.
Gliadin \Gli"a*din\, n. [Gr. ? glue: cf. F. gliadine.] (Chem.)
Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the
constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous
substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin.
Glib \Glib\, a. [Compar. {Glibber}; superl. {Glibbest}.] [Prob.
fr. D. glibberen, glippen, to slide, glibberig, glipperig,
glib, slippery.]
1. Smooth; slippery; as, ice is glib. [Obs.]
2. Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity;
fluent; voluble; as, a glib tongue; a glib speech.
I want that glib and oily art, To speak and purpose
not. --Shak.
Syn: Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.
Glib \Glib\, v. t.
To make glib. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Glib \Glib\, n. [Ir. & Gael. glib a lock of hair.]
A thick lock of hair, hanging over the eyes. [Obs.]
The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long
glibs, which is a thick curied bush of hair hanging
down over their eyes, and monstrously disguising them.
--Spenser.
Their wild costume of the glib and mantle. --Southey.
Glib \Glib\, v. t. [Cf. O. & Prov. E. lib to castrate, geld,
Prov. Dan. live, LG. & OD. lubben.]
To castrate; to geld; to emasculate. [Obs.] --Shak.
Gilbbery \Gilb"ber*y\, a.
1. Slippery; changeable. [Obs.]
My love is glibbery; there is no hold on't.
--Marston.
2. Moving easily; nimble; voluble. [Obs.]
Thy lubrical and glibbery muse. --B. Jonson.
Glibly \Glib"ly\, adv.
In a glib manner; as, to speak glibly.
Glibness \Glib"ness\, n.
The quality of being glib.
Glicke \Glicke\, n. [Cf. {Gleek}, n., 2, and Ir. & Gael. glic
wise, cunning, crafty.]
An ogling look. [Obs.]
Glidden \Glid"den\, obs.
p. p. of {Glide}. --Chaucer.
Glidder \Glid"der\, Gliddery \Glid"der*y\, a. [Cf. {Glide}.]
Giving no sure footing; smooth; slippery. [Prov. Eng.]
Shingle, slates, and gliddery stones. --R. D.
Blackmore.
Glide \Glide\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The glede or kite.
Glide \Glide\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glided}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gliding}.] [AS. gl[=i]dan; akin to D. glijden, OHG.
gl[=i]tan, G. gleiten, Sw. glida, Dan. glide, and prob. to E.
glad.]
1. To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise,
violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily,
or with a smooth, silent motion, as a river in its
channel, a bird in the air, a skater over ice.
The river glideth at his own sweet will.
--Wordsworth.
2. (Phon.) To pass with a glide, as the voice.
Glide \Glide\, n.
1. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without
labor or obstruction.
They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts, With
rapid glide, along the leaning line. --Thomson.
Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself, And with
indented glides did slip away. --Shak.
2. (Phon.) A transitional sound in speech which is produced
by the changing of the mouth organs from one definite
position to another, and with gradual change in the most
frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end
of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or
consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to
the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide
to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 19, 161, 162). Also (by
Bell and others), the vanish (or brief final element) or
the brief initial element, in a class of diphthongal
vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some
consonants (see Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 18,
97, 191).
Note: The on-glide of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade
in passing to it, the off-glide, one made in passing
from it. Glides of the other sort are distinguished as
initial or final, or fore-glides and after-glides. For
voice-glide, see Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect]
17, 95.
Gliden \Glid"en\, obs.
p. p. of {Glide}. --Chaucer.
Glider \Glid"er\, n.
One who, or that which, glides.
Glidingly \Glid"ing*ly\, adv.
In a gliding manner.
Gliff \Gliff\, n. [Cf. OE. gliffen, gliften, to look with fear
at.]
1. A transient glance; an unexpected view of something that
startles one; a sudden fear. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
--Halliwell.
2. A moment: as, for a gliff. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Glike \Glike\, n. [See {Gleek} a jest.]
A sneer; a flout. [Obs.]
Glim \Glim\, n.
1. Brightness; splendor. [Obs.]
2. A light or candle. [Slang] --Dickens.
{Douse the glim}, put out the light. [Slang]
Glimmer \Glim"mer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glimmered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Glimmering}.] [Akin to G. glimmer a faint, trembling
light, mica, glimmern to glimmer, glimmen to shine faintly,
glow, Sw. glimma, Dan. glimre, D. glimmen, glimpen. See
{Gleam} a ray, and cf. {Glimpse}.]
To give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly;
to show a faint, unsteady light; as, the glimmering dawn; a
glimmering lamp.
The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day. --Shak.
Syn: To gleam; to glitter. See {Gleam}, {Flash}.
Glimmer \Glim"mer\, n.
1. A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light;
also, a gleam.
Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls. --Tennyson.
2. Mica. See {Mica}. --Woodsward.
{Glimmer gowk}, an owl. [Prov. Eng.] --Tennyson.
Glimmering \Glim"mer*ing\, n.
1. Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer. --South.
2. A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling.
Glimpse \Glimpse\, n. [For glimse, from the root of glimmer.]
1. A sudden flash; transient luster.
LIght as the lightning glimpse they ran. --Milton.
2. A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary
perception; a quick sight.
Here hid by shrub wood, there by glimpses seen. --S.
Rogers.
3. A faint idea; an inkling.
Glimpse \Glimpse\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glimpsed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Glimpsing}.]
to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses. --Drayton.
Glimpse \Glimpse\, v. t.
To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a short or
hurried view of.
Some glimpsing and no perfect sight. --Chaucer.
Glint \Glint\, n. [OE. glent.]
A glimpse, glance, or gleam. [Scot.] ``He saw a glint of
light.'' --Ramsay.
Glint \Glint\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Glinted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glinting}.] [OE. glenten. Cf. {Glance}, v. i., {Glitter}, v.
i.]
To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from the bud; to
glitter. --Burns.
Glint \Glint\, v. t.
To glance; to turn; as, to glint the eye.
Glioma \Gli*o"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? glue + -oma.] (Med.)
A tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of
the brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous
system.
Glires \Gli"res\, n. pl. [L., dormice.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of mammals; the Rodentia. -- {Gli"rine}, a.
Glissade \Glis`sade"\, n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.]
A sliding, as down a snow slope in the Alps. --Tyndall.
Glissando \Glis*san"do\, n. & a. [As if It. = Fr. glissant
sliding.] (Mus.)
A gliding effect; gliding.
Glissette \Glis*sette"\, n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] (Math.)
The locus described by any point attached to a curve that
slips continuously on another fixed curve, the movable curve
having no rotation at any instant.
Glist \Glist\, n. [From {Glisten}.]
Glimmer; mica.
Glisten \Glis"ten\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glistened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Glistening}.] [OE. glistnian, akin to glisnen,
glisien, AS. glisian, glisnian, akin to E. glitter. See
{Glitter}, v. i., and cf. {Glister}, v. i.]
To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild,
subdued, and fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating
light; to gleam; as, the glistening stars.
Syn: See {Flash}.
Glister \Glis"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glistered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Glistering}.] [OE. glistren; akin to G.
glistern,glinstern, D. glinsteren, and E. glisten. See
{Glisten}.]
To be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant; to shine; to
glisten; to glitter.
All that glisters is not gold. --Shak.
Glister \Glis"ter\, n.
Glitter; luster.
Glister \Glis"ter\, n. [Cf. OF. glistere.] Same as {Clyster}.
Glisteringly \Glis"ter*ing*ly\, adv.
In a glistering manner.
Glitter \Glit"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glittered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Glittering}.] [OE. gliteren; akin to Sw. glittra,
Icel. glitra, glita, AS. glitenian, OS. gl[=i]tan, OHG.
gl[=i]zzan, G. gleissen, Goth. glitmunjan, and also to E.
glint, glisten, and prob. glance, gleam.]
1. To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and
broken light or showy luster; to gleam; as, a glittering
sword.
The field yet glitters with the pomp of war.
--Dryden.
2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive;
as, the glittering scenes of a court.
Syn: To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to glare.
See {Gleam}, {Flash}.
Glitter \Glit"ter\, n.
A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster;
brilliancy; as, the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal
equipage. --Milton.
Glitterand \Glit"ter*and\, a.
Glittering. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Glitteringly \Glit"ter*ing*ly\, adv.
In a glittering manner.
Gloam \Gloam\, v. i. [See {Gloom}, {Glum}.]
1. To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.
2. To be sullen or morose. [Obs.]
Gloam \Gloam\, n.
The twilight; gloaming. [R.] --Keats.
Gloaming \Gloam"ing\, n. [See {Gloom}.]
1. Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening. [Scot. & North of
Eng., and in poetry.] --Hogg.
2. Sullenness; melancholy. [Obs.] --J. Still.
Gloar \Gloar\, v. i. [OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf.
{Glower}.]
To squint; to stare. [Obs.]
Gloat \Gloat\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gloated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gloating}.] [Akin to Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G.
glotzen to gloat.]
To look steadfastly; to gaze earnestly; -- usually in a bad
sense, to gaze with malignant satisfaction, passionate
desire, lust, or avarice.
In vengeance gloating on another's pain. --Byron.
Globard \Glo"bard\, n. [OE. globerde, from glow.]
A glowworm. [>Obs.] --Holland.
Globate \Glo"bate\, Globated \Glo"ba*ted\, a. [L. globatus, p.
p. of globare to make into a ball, fr. globus ball.]
Having the form of a globe; spherical.
Globe \Globe\, n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of
yarn, and E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.]
1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose
surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a
ball; a sphere.
2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape;
as, the globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp.
3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by
the definite article. --Locke.
4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of
the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial
globe; -- called also {artificial globe}.
5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a
circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans,
answering to the modern infantry square.
Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed.
--Milton.
{Globe amaranth} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Gomphrena}
({G. globosa}), bearing round heads of variously colored
flowers, which long retain color when gathered.
{Globe animalcule}, a small, globular, locomotive organism
({Volvox globator}), once throught to be an animal,
afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg[ae].
{Globe of compression} (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a
wide crater; -- called also {overcharged mine}.
{Globe daisy} (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus
{Globularing}, common in Europe. The flowers are minute
and form globular heads.
{Globe sight}, a form of front sight placed on target rifles.
{Globe slater} (Zo["o]l.), an isopod crustacean of the genus
{Spheroma}.
{Globe thistle} (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers
in large globular heads ({Cynara Scolymus}); also, certain
species of the related genus {Echinops}.
{Globe valve}.
(a) A ball valve.
(b) A valve inclosed in a globular chamber. --Knight.
Syn: {Globe}, {Sphere}, {Orb}, {Ball}.
Usage: Globe denotes a round, and usually a solid body;
sphere is the term applied in astronomy to such a
body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs of the old
astronomers; orb is used, especially in poetry, for
globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a
heavenly body; ball is applied to the heavenly bodies
concieved of as impelled through space.
Globe \Globe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Globed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Globing}.]
To gather or form into a globe.
Globefish \Globe"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A plectognath fish of the genera {Diodon}, {Tetrodon}, and
allied genera. The globefishes can suck in water or air and
distend the body to a more or less globular form. Called also
{porcupine fish}, and {sea hedgehog}. See {Diodon}.
Globeflower \Globe"flow`er\, n. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus {Trollius} ({T. Europ[ae]us}), found
in the mountainous parts of Europe, and producing
handsome globe-shaped flowers.
(b) The American plant {Trollius laxus}.
{Japan globeflower}. See {Corchorus}.
Globe-shaped \Globe"-shaped`\, a.
Shaped like a globe.
Globiferous \Glo*bif"er*ous\, a. [Globe + -ferous.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having a round or globular tip.
Globigerina \Glo*big`e*ri"na\, n.; pl. {Globigerin[ae]}. [NL.,
fr. L. globus a round body + gerere to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of small Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or
near the surface of the sea. Their dead shells, falling to
the bottom, make up a large part of the soft mud, generally
found in depths below 3,000 feet, and called globigerina
ooze. See Illust. of {Foraminifera}.
Globose \Glo*bose"\, a. [L. globosus.]
Having a rounded form resembling that of a globe; globular,
or nearly so; spherical. --Milton.
Globosely \Glo*bose"ly\, adv.
In a globular manner; globularly.
Globosity \Glo*bos"i*ty\, n. [L. globositas: cf. F.
globosit['e].]
Sphericity. --Ray.
Globous \Glo"bous\, a. [See {Globose}.]
Spherical. --Milton.
Globular \Glob"u*lar\, a. [Cf. F. globulaire.]
Globe-shaped; having the form of a ball or sphere; spherical,
or nearly so; as, globular atoms. --Milton.
{Globular chart}, a chart of the earth's surface constructed
on the principles of the globular projection.
{Globular projection} (Map Projection), a perspective
projection of the surface of a hemisphere upon a plane
parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight
being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the
opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the
sphere into the sine of 45[deg].
{Globular sailing}, sailing on the arc of a great circle, or
so as to make the shortest distance between two places;
circular sailing.
Globularity \Glob`u*lar"i*ty\, n.
The state of being globular; globosity; sphericity.
Globularly \Glob"u*lar*ly\, adv.
Spherically.
Globularness \Glob"u*lar*ness\, n.
Sphericity; globosity.
Globule \Glob"ule\, n. [L. globulus, dim. of globus globe: cf.
F. globule.]
1. A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical
form.
Globules of snow. --Sir I.
Newton.
These minute globules [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . .
deeply in the skull. --Paley.
2. (Biol.) A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood,
lymph, and pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc.
3. A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists.
Globulet \Glob"u*let\, n.
A little globule. --Crabb.
Globuliferous \Glob`u*lif"er*ous\, a. [Globule + -ferous.]
Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a
variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are
isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture
of the rock.
Globulimeter \Glob`u*lim"e*ter\, n. [Globule + -meter.]
(Physiol.)
An instrument for measuring the number of red blood
corpuscles in the blood.
Note: The method depends on the differences of tint obtained
by mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate
solution.
Globulin \Glob"u*lin\, n. [From {Globule}: cf. F. globuline.]
(Phisiol. Chem.)
An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute
solutions of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles
united with h[ae]matin to form h[ae]moglobin. It is also
found in the crystalline lens of the eye, and in blood serum,
and is sometimes called crystallin. In the plural the word is
applied to a group of proteid substances such as vitellin,
myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble
in dilute salt solutions.
Globulite \Glob"u*lite\, n. [See {Globule}.] (Min.)
A rudimentary form of crystallite, spherical in shape.
Globulous \Glob"u*lous\, a. [Cf. F. globuleux.]
Globular; spherical; orbicular. -- {Glob"u*lous*ness}, n.
Globy \Glob"y\, a.
Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular.
``The globy sea.'' --Milton.
Glochidiate \Glo*chid"i*ate\, a. [Gr. ? point of an arrow.]
(Bot.)
Having barbs; as, glochidiate bristles. --Gray.
Glochidium \Glo*chid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Glochidia}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
the point of an arrow.] (Zo["o]l.)
The larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a
parasite upon the parent's gills.
Glode \Glode\, obs.
imp. of {Glide}. --Chaucer.
Glombe \Glombe\, Glome \Glome\, v. i.
To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or sullen. [Obs.] --Surrey.
Glome \Glome\, n.
Gloom. [Obs.]
Glome \Glome\, n. [L. glomus a ball. Cf. {Globe}.] (Anat.)
One of the two prominences at the posterior extremity of the
frog of the horse's foot.
Glomerate \Glom"er*ate\, a. [L. glomeratus, p. p. of glomerare
to glomerate, from glomus. See 3d {Glome}.]
Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster;
conglomerate.
Glomerate \Glom"er*ate\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Glomerated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Glomerating}.]
To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a spherical
form or mass, as threads.
Glomeration \Glom`er*a"tion\, n. [L. glomeratio.]
1. The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass;
the state of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration.
2. That which is formed into a ball; a ball. --Bacon.
Glomerous \Glom"er*ous\, a. [L. glomerosus, fr. glomus. See 3d
{Glome}.]
Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. [Obs.]
--Blount.
Glomerule \Glom"er*ule\, n. [Dim. fr. L. glomus ball.]
1. (Bot.) A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by
condensation of a cyme, as in the flowering dogwood.
2. (Anat.) A glomerulus.
Glomerulus \Glo*mer"u*lus\, n.; pl. {Glomeruli}. [NL., dim. of
L. glomus. See 3d {Glome}.] (Anat.)
The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in a Malpighian
capsule of the kidney.
Glomuliferous \Glom`u*lif"er*ous\, a. [L. glomus a ball +
-ferous.] (Biol.)
Having small clusters of minutely branched coral-like
excrescences. --M. C. Cooke.
Glonoin \Glon"o*in\ Glonoine \Glon"o*ine\, n. [Glycerin + oxygen
+ nitrogen + -in, -ine.]
1. Same as {Nitroglycerin}; -- called also {oil of glonoin}.
[Obs.]
2. (Med.) A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a
neurotic.
Gloom \Gloom\ (gl[=oo]m), n. [AS. gl[=o]m twilight, from the
root of E. glow. See {Glow}, and cf. {Glum}, {Gloam}.]
1. Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; as, the
gloom of a forest, or of midnight.
2. A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.
Before a gloom of stubborn-shafted oaks. --Tennyson
.
3. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of
sorrow; low spirits; dullness.
A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by
fits. --Burke.
4. In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven.
Syn: Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness;
depression; melancholy; dejection; sadness. See
{Darkness}.
Gloom \Gloom\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gloomed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glooming}.]
1. To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.
2. To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or
sad; to come to the evening twilight.
The black gibbet glooms beside the way. --Goldsmith.
[This weary day] . . . at last I see it gloom.
--Spenser.
Gloom \Gloom\, v. t.
1. To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.
A bow window . . . gloomed with limes. --Walpole.
A black yew gloomed the stagnant air. --Tennyson.
2. To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen.
Such a mood as that which lately gloomed Your fancy.
--Tennison.
What sorrows gloomed that parting day. --Goldsmith.
Gloomily \Gloom"i*ly\, adv.
In a gloomy manner.
Gloominess \Gloom"i*ness\, n.
State of being gloomy. --Addison.
Glooming \Gloom"ing\, n. [Cf. {Gloaming}.]
Twilight (of morning or evening); the gloaming.
When the faint glooming in the sky First lightened into
day. --Trench.
The balmy glooming, crescent-lit. --Tennyson.
Gloomth \Gloomth\, n.
Gloom. [R.] --Walpole.
Gloomy \Gloom"y\, a. [Compar. {Gloomier}; superl. {Gloomiest}.]
1. Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or
darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was gloomy.
``Though hid in gloomiest shade.'' --Milton.
2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected;
as, a gloomy temper or countenance.
Syn: Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose;
melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected;
disheartened.
Gloppen \Glop"pen\, v. t. & i. [OE. glopnen to be frightened,
frighten: cf. Icel. gl?pna to look downcast.]
To surprise or astonish; to be startled or astonished. [Prov.
Eng.] --Halliwell.
Glore \Glore\, v. i. [See {Gloar}.]
To glare; to glower. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
Gloria \Glo"ri*a\, n. [L., glory.] (Eccl.)
(a) A doxology (beginning Gloria Patri, Glory be to the
Father), sung or said at the end of the Psalms in the
service of the Roman Catholic and other churches.
(b) A portion of the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be
to God on high), and also of the communion service in
some churches. In the Episcopal Church the version in
English is used.
(c) The musical setting of a gloria.
Gloriation \Glo`ri*a"tion\, n. [L. gloriatio, from gloriari to
glory, boast, fr. gloria glory. See {Glory}, n.]
Boast; a triumphing. [Obs.] --Bp. Richardson.
Internal gloriation or triumph of the mind. --Hobbes.
Gloried \Glo"ried\, a. [See {Glory}.]
Illustrious; honorable; noble. [Obs.] --Milton.
Glorification \Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. glorificatio: cf. F.
glorification. See {Glorify}.]
1. The act of glorifyng or of giving glory to. --Jer. Taylor.
2. The state of being glorifed; as, the glorification of
Christ after his resurrection.
Glorify \Glo"ri*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Glorified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Glorifying}.] [F. glorifier, L. glorificare; gloria
glory + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
1. To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor
and distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or
to celestial glory.
Jesus was not yet glorified. --John vii.
39.
2. To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by
ascribing glory to; to asknowledge the excellence of; to
render homage to; to magnify in worship; to adore.
That we for thee may glorify the Lord. --Shak.
Gloriole \Glo"ri*ole\, n. [L. gloriola a small glory, dim. of
gloria glory.]
An aureole. [R.] --Msr. Browning.
Gloriosa \Glo`ri*o"sa\, n. [Nl., fr. L. gloriosus. See
{Glorious}.] (Bot.)
A genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms,
natives of India.
Glorioser \Glo`ri*o"ser\, n. [From L. gloriosus boastful.]
A boaster. [Obs.] --Greene.
Glorioso \Glo`ri*o"so\, n. [It.]
A boaster. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Glorious \Glo"ri*ous\, a. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux,
fr. L. gloriosus. See {Glory}, n.]
1. Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy
of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent;
splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious
deeds.
These are thy glorious works, Parent of good !
--Milton.
2. Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful;
ostentatious; vainglorious. [Obs.]
Most miserable Is the desire that's glorious.
--Shak.
3. Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink. [Colloq.]
kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious, O'er all
the ills of life victorious. --Burns.
During his office treason was no crime, The sons of
Belial had a glorious time. --Dryden.
Syn: Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious;
celebrated; magnificent; grand; splendid. --
{Glo"ri*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Glo"ri*ous*ness}, n. --Udall.
Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed
gloriously. --Ex. xv. 21.
I speak it not gloriously, nor out of affectation.
--B. Jonson.
Glory \Glo"ry\, n. [OE. glorie, OF. glorie, gloire, F. gloire,
fr. L. gloria; prob. akin to Gr. ?, Skr. ?ravas glory,
praise, ?ru to hear. See {Loud}.]
1. Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by
common consent to a person or thing; high reputation;
honorable fame; renown.
Glory to God in the highest. --Luke ii. 14.
Spread his glory through all countries wide.
--Spenser.
2. That quality in a person or thing which secures general
praise or honor; that which brings or gives renown; an
object of pride or boast; the occasion of praise;
excellency; brilliancy; splendor.
Think it no glory to swell in tyranny. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Jewels lose their glory if neglected. --Shak.
Your sex's glory 't is to shine unknown. --Young.
3. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.
In glory of thy fortunes. --Chapman.
4. The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of
the divine nature and favor to the blessed in heaven;
celestial honor; heaven.
Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward
receive me to glory. --Ps. lxxiii.
24.
5. An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of
peculiar sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of
gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by
a disk, or a mere line.
Note: This is the general term; when confined to the head it
is properly called nimbus; when encircling the whole
body, aureola or aureole.
{Glory hole}, an opening in the wall of a glass furnace,
exposing the brilliant white light of the interior.
--Knight.
{Glory pea} (Bot.), the name of two leguminous plants
({Clianthus Dampieri} and {C. puniceus}) of Australia and
New Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers.
{Glory tree} (Bot.), a name given to several species of the
verbenaceous genus {Clerodendron}, showy flowering shrubs
of tropical regions.
Glory \Glo"ry\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gloried}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glorying}.] [OE. glorien, OF. glorier, fr. L. gloriari, fr.
gloria glory. See {Glory}, n.]
1. To exult with joy; to rejoice.
Glory ye in his holy name. --Ps. cv.?
2. To boast; to be proud.
God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of
our Lord Jesus Christ. --Gal. vi. 14
No one . . . should glory in his prosperity.
--Richardson.
Glose \Glose\, n. & v.
See {Gloze}. --Chaucer.
Gloser \Glos"er\, n.
See {Glosser}.
Gloss \Gloss\, n. [Cf. Icel. glossi a blaze, glys finery, MHG.
glosen to glow, G. glosten to glimmer; perh. akin to E.
glass.]
1. Brightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth
surface; polish; as, the gloss of silk; cloth is
calendered to give it a gloss.
It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause
any fairer gloss than the naked truth doth afford.
--Hooker.
2. A specious appearance; superficial quality or show.
To me more dear, congenial to my heart, One native
charm than all the gloss of art. --Goldsmith.
Gloss \Gloss\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Glossed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glossing}.]
To give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and
shining; as, to gloss cloth.
The glossed and gleamy wave. --J. R. Drake.
Gloss \Gloss\, n. [OE. glose, F. glose, L. glossa a difficult
word needing explanation, fr. Gr. ? tongue, language, word
needing explanation. Cf. {Gloze}, {Glossary}, {Glottis}.]
1. A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word
requiring explanation. [Obs.]
2. An interpretation, consisting of one or more words,
interlinear or marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a
running commentary.
All this, without a gloss or comment, He would
unriddle in a moment. --Hudibras.
Explaining the text in short glosses. --T. Baker.
3. A false or specious explanation. --Dryden.
Gloss \Gloss\, v. t.
1. To render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to
explain; to annotate.
2. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and
plausible; to palliate by specious explanation.
You have the art to gloss the foulest cause.
--Philips.
Gloss \Gloss\, v. i.
1. To make comments; to comment; to explain. --Dryden.
2. To make sly remarks, or insinuations. --Prior.
Glossa \Glos"sa\, n.; pl. {Gloss?}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? the tongue.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The tongue, or lingua, of an insect. See {Hymenoptera}.
Glossal \Glos"sal\, a.
Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual.
Glossanthrax \Glos*san"thrax\, n. [Gr. ? tongue + E. anthrax:
cf. F. glossanthrax.]
A disease of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles in
the mouth and on the tongue.
Glossarial \Glos*sa"ri*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a
glossary.
Glossarially \Glos*sa"ri*al*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a glossary.
Glossarist \Glos"sa*rist\, n.
A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a
scholiast. --Tyrwhitt.
Glossary \Glos"sa*ry\, n.; pl. {Gossaries}. [L. glossarium, fr.
glossa: cf. F. glossaire. See 3d {Gloss}.]
A collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages
of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an
author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic,
technical, or other uncommon words.
Glossata \Glos*sa"ta\, n. pl. [NL. See {Glossa}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Lepidoptera.
Glossator \Glos*sa"tor\, n. [LL. See 3d {Gloss}.]
A writer of glosses or comments; a commentator. [R.] ``The .
. . glossators of Aristotle.'' --Milman.
Glosser \Gloss"er\, n. [See lst {Gloss}.]
A polisher; one who gives a luster.
Glosser \Gloss"er\, n. [See 3d {Gloss}.]
A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a commentator. --L.
Addison.
Glossic \Glos"sic\ (gl[o^]s"s[i^]k), n. [L. glossa a word
requiring a gloss. See 3d {Gloss}.]
A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values
of English letters, but invariably using one symbol to
represent one sound only.
Ingglish Glosik konvai*z hwotev*er proanusiai*shon iz
inten*ded bei dhi reiter. --A. J. Ellis.
Glossily \Gloss"i*ly\, adv.
In a glossy manner.
Glossiness \Gloss"i*ness\, n. [From {Glossy}.]
The condition or quality of being glossy; the luster or
brightness of a smooth surface. --Boyle.
Glossist \Gloss"ist\, n.
A writer of comments. [Obs.] --Milton.
Glossitis \Glos*si"tis\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? tongue + -itis.]
(Med.)
Inflammation of the tongue.
Glossly \Gloss"ly\, adv.
Like gloss; specious. --Cowley.
Glossocomon \Glos*soc"o*mon\, n.[NL., fr. Gr. ? a kind of case.]
A kind of hoisting winch.
Glossoepiglottic \Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic\, a. [Gr. ? tongue + E.
epiglottic.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis; as,
glossoepiglottic folds.
Glossographer \Glos"sog"ra*pher\, n. [Gr. ?; ? tongue + ? to
write. See 3d {Gloss}.]
A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast.
--Hayward.
Glossographical \Glos`so*graph"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to glossography.
Glossography \Glos"sog"ra*phy\, n. [See {Glossographer}.]
The writing of glossaries, glosses, or comments for
illustrating an author.
Glossohyal \Glos`so*hy"al\, a. [Gr. ? the tongue + the letter
?.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; --
applied to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many
fishes. -- n. The glossohyal bone or cartilage; lingual bone;
entoglossal bone.
Glossolalia \Glos`so*la"li*a\, Glossolaly \Glos*sol"a*ly\, n.
[NL., fr. Gr. ? tongue + ? talk: cf. F. glossolalie.]
The gift of tongues. Farrar.
Glossological \Glos`so*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to glossology.
Glassologist \Glas*sol"o*gist\, n.
One who defines and explains terms; one who is versed in
glossology.
Glossology \Glos*sol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? tongue + -logy: cf. F.
glossologie. See 3d {Gloss}.]
1. The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary.
2. The science of language; comparative philology;
linguistics; glottology.
Glossopharyngeal \Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al\, a. [Gr. ? the tongue +
E. pharyngeal.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied
especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are
distributed to the pharynx and tongue. -- n. One of the
glossopharyngeal nerves.
Glossy \Gloss"y\, a. [Compar. {Glossier}; superl. {Glossiest}.]
[See {Gloss} luster.]
1. Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth
surface; highly polished; lustrous; as, glossy silk; a
glossy surface.
2. Smooth; specious; plausible; as, glossy deceit.
Glost oven \Glost" ov`en\
An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; -- also called
{glaze kiln}, or {glaze}.
Glottal \Glot"tal\, a.
Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic.
{Glottal catch}, an effect produced upon the breath or voice
by a sudden opening or closing of the glotts. --Sweet.
Glottic \Glot"tic\, Glottidean \Glot*tid"e*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the glottis; glottal.
Glottis \Glot"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, from ?, ?, the
tongue. See {Gloss} an explanatory remark.] (Anat.)
The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the
trachea. See {Larynx}.
Glottological \Glot`to*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to glottology.
Glottologist \Glot*tol"o*gist\, n.
A linguist; a philologist.
Glottology \Glot*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, the tongue + -logy.]
The science of tongues or languages; comparative philology;
glossology.
Glout \Glout\, v. i. [Scot. Cf. {Gloat}.]
To pout; to look sullen. [Obs.] --Garth.
Glout \Glout\, v. t.
To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at. [Obs.]
--Wright.
Glove \Glove\ (gl[u^]v), n. [OE. glove, glofe, AS. gl[=o]f; akin
to Icel. gl[=o]fi, cf. Goth. l[=o]fa palm of the hand, Icel.
l[=o]fi.]
1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a
separate sheath for each finger. The latter characteristic
distinguishes the glove from the mitten.
2. A boxing glove.
{Boxing glove}. See under {Boxing}.
{Glove fight}, a pugilistic contest in which the fighters
wear boxing gloves.
{Glove} {money or silver}.
(a) A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy
gloves with.
(b) (Eng. Law.) A reward given to officers of courts;
also, a fee given by the sheriff of a county to the
clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are
no offenders to be executed.
{Glove sponge} (Zo["o]l.), a fine and soft variety of
commercial sponges ({Spongia officinalis}).
{To be hand and glove with}, to be intimately associated or
on good terms with. ``Hand and glove with traitors.'' --J.
H. Newman.
{To handle without gloves},
to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with.
[Colloq.]
{To take up the glove}, to accept a challenge or adopt a
quarrel.
{To throw down the glove}, to challenge to combat.
Glove \Glove\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gloved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gloving}.]
To cover with, or as with, a glove.
Glover \Glov"er\, n.
One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves.
{Glover's} {suture or stitch}, a kind of stitch used in
sewing up wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately
through each side from within outward.
Glow \Glow\ (gl[=o]), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glowed} (gl[=o]d); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Glowing}.] [AS. gl[=o]wan; akin to D. gloeijen,
OHG. gluoen, G. gl["u]hen, Icel. gl[=o]a, Dan. gloende
glowing. [root]94. Cf. {Gloom}.]
1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth
vivid light and heat; to be incandescent.
Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees.
--Pope.
2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if
with heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation,
with blushes, etc.
Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays.
--Dryden.
And glow with shame of your proceedings. --Shak.
3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin,
from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.
Did not his temples glow In the same sultry winds
and acrching heats? --Addison.
The cord slides swiftly through his glowing hands.
--Gay.
4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense
love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the
heart glows with love, zeal, or patriotism.
With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows.
--Dryden.
Burns with one love, with one resentment glows.
--Pope.
Glow \Glow\, v. t.
To make hot; to flush. [Poetic]
Fans, whose wind did seem To glow the delicate cheeks
which they did cool. --Shak.
Glow \Glow\, n.
1. White or red heat; incandscence.
2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as,
the glow of health in the cheeks.
3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of
passion; ardor.
The red glow of scorn. --Shak.
4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by
exercise, etc.
Glowbard \Glow"bard\, n. [See {Globard}.]
The glowworm. [Obs.]
Glower \Glow"er\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glowered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Glowering}.] [Cf. {Gloar}.]
to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl.
--Thackeray.
Glowingly \Glow"ing*ly\, adv.
In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion.
Glowlamp \Glow"lamp`\, n.
1. (Chem.) An aphlogistic lamp. See {Aphlogistic}.
2. (Elect.) An incandescent lamp. See {Incandescent}, a.
Glowworm \Glow"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A coleopterous insect of the genus {Lampyris}; esp., the
wingless females and larv[ae] of the two European species
({L. noctiluca}, and {L. splendidula}), which emit light from
some of the abdominal segments.
Like a glowworm in the night, The which hath fire in
darkness, none in light. --Shak.
Note: The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by
the light of the female. In America, the luminous
larv[ae] of several species of fireflies and fire
beetles are called glowworms. Both sexes of these are
winged when mature. See {Firefly}.
Gloxinia \Glox*in"i*a\, n. [NL.] (Bot.)
American genus of herbaceous plants with very handsome
bell-shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. Gloxin, a German
botanist.
Gloze \Gloze\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Glozed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glozing}.] [OE. glosen, F. gloser. See {gloss} explanation.]
1. To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly.
--Chaucer.
A false, glozing parasite. --South.
So glozed the tempter, and his proem tuned.
--Milton.
2. To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret.
--Shak.
Gloze \Gloze\, v. t.
To smooth over; to palliate.
By glozing the evil that is in the world. --I. Taylor.
Gloze \Gloze\, n.
1. Flattery; adulation; smooth speech.
Now to plain dealing; lay these glozes by. --Shak.
2. Specious show; gloss. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Glozer \Gloz"er\, n.
A flatterer. [Obs.] --Gifford (1580).
Glucic \Glu"cic\, a. [Gr. ? sweet.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar; as, glucic acid.
Glucina \Glu*ci"na\, n. [Cf. F. glycine, glucine. So called
because it forms sweet salts. See {Glucinum}.] (Chem.)
A white or gray tasteless powder, the oxide of the element
glucinum; -- formerly called glucine.
Glucinic \Glu*cin"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, glucinum; as,
glucinic oxide.
Glucinum \Glu*ci"num\, n. [Cf. F. glucinium, glycium, fr. Gr. ?,
sweet. Cf. {Glycerin}.] (Chem.)
A rare metallic element, of a silver white color, and low
specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs
naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually
with silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals
phenacite, chrysoberyl, beryl or emerald, euclase, and
danalite. It was named from its oxide glucina, which was
known long before the element was isolated. Symbol Gl. Atomic
weight 9.1. Called also {beryllium}. [Formerly written also
{glucinium}.]
Glucogen \Glu"co*gen\, n. [R.]
See {Glycogen}.
Glucogenesis \Glu`co*gen"e*sis\, n.
Glycogenesis. [R.]
Gluconic \Glu*con"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose.
{Gluconic acid} (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained as a
colorless, sirupy liquid, by the oxidation of glucose; --
called also {maltonic acid}, and {dextronic acid}.
Glucose \Glu"cose`\, n. [Gr. ? sweet. Cf. {Glycerin}.]
1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as
in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great
quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and
acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar.
Called also {dextrose}, {grape sugar}, {diabetic sugar},
and {starch sugar}. See {Dextrose}.
2. (Chem.) Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with
glucose proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.
3. The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable
reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and
containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also
maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of
sirups, beers, etc.
Glucoside \Glu"co*side\, n. [See {Glucose}.] (Chem.)
One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances,
occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in
animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation
and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a
bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute
acids and alkalies, always break down into some
characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole,
or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the
name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers,
and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.
Glucosuria \Glu`co*su"ri*a\, n. [NL., fr. E. glucose + Gr. ?
urine.] (Med.)
A condition in which glucose is discharged in the urine;
diabetes mellitus.
Glue \Glue\, n. [F. glu, L. glus, akin to gluten, from gluere to
draw together. Cf. {Gluten}.]
A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by boiling to a
jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently heated
with water, it becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a
cement for uniting substances. The name is also given to
other adhesive or viscous substances.
{Bee glue}. See under {Bee}.
{Fish glue}, a strong kind of glue obtained from fish skins
and bladders; isinglass.
{Glue plant} (Bot.), a fucoid seaweed ({Gloiopeltis tenax}).
{Liquid glue}, a fluid preparation of glue and acetic acid
oralcohol.
{Marine glue}, a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, with
shellac, used in shipbuilding.
Glue \Glue\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Glued}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gluing}.] [F. gluer. See {Glue}, n.]
To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause to stick
or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten.
This cold, congealed blood That glues my lips, and will
not let me speak. --Shak.
Gluepot \Glue"pot`\, n.
A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner pot
holding the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water
which is heated to soften the glue.
Gluer \Glu"er\, n.
One who cements with glue.
Gluey \Glu"ey\, a.
Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.
Glueyness \Glu"ey*ness\, n.
Viscidity.
Gluish \Glu"ish\, a.
Somewhat gluey. --Sherwood.
Glum \Glum\, n. [See {Gloom}.]
Sullenness. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Glum \Glum\, a.
Moody; silent; sullen.
I frighten people by my glun face. --Thackeray.
Glum \Glum\, v. i.
To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum.
[Obs.] --Hawes.
Glumaceous \Glu*ma"ceous\, a. [Cf. F. glumanc['e]. See {Glume}.]
Having glumes; consisting of glumes.
Glumal \Glu"mal\, a. (Bot.)
Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a glume.
Glume \Glume\, n. [L. gluma hull, husk, fr. glubere to bark or
peel: cf. F. glume or gloume.] (Bot.)
The bracteal covering of the flowers or seeds of grain and
grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelt. --Gray.
Glumella \Glu*mel"la\, Glumelle \Glu"melle\, n. [F. glumelle,
dim. of glume.] (Bot.)
One of the pelets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or
spikelets of grasses.
Glumly \Glum"ly\, adv.
In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily.
Glummy \Glum"my\, a. [See {Gloom}.]
dark; gloomy; dismal. [Obs.]
Glumness \Glum"ness\, n.
Moodiness; sullenness.
Glump \Glump\, v. i. [See {Glum}.]
To manifest sullenness; to sulk. [Colloq.]
Glumpy \Glump"y\, a.
Glum; sullen; sulky. [Colloq.] ``He was glumpy enough.'' --T.
Hook.
Glunch \Glunch\, a. [Cf. {Glump}.]
Frowning; sulky; sullen. --Sir W. Scott. -- n. A sullen,
angry look; a look of disdain or dislike. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Glut \Glut\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Glutted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Glutting}.] [OE. glotten, fr. OF. glotir, gloutir, L.
glutire, gluttire; cf. Gr. ? to eat, Skr. gar. Cf.
{Gluttion}, {Englut}.]
1. To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge.
Though every drop of water swear against it, And
gape at widest to glut him. --Shak.
2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving
of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy.
His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice, Torn from
his breast, to glut the tyrant's eyes. --Dryden.
The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to
glut the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded
populace. --C. Kingsley.
{To glut the market}, to furnish an oversupply of any article
of trade, so that there is no sale for it.
Glut \Glut\, v. i.
To eat gluttonously or to satiety.
Like three horses that have broken fence, And glutted
all night long breast-deep in corn. --Tennyson.
Glut \Glut\, n.
1. That which is swallowed. --Milton
2. Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence,
often, a supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over
abundance; as, a glut of the market.
A glut of those talents which raise men to eminence.
--Macaulay.
3. Something that fills up an opening; a clog.
4.
(a) A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) (Mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind
cribbing or tubbing. --Raymond.
(c) (Bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick, used to
fill out a course. --Knight.
(d) (Arch.) An arched opening to the ashpit of a klin.
(e) A block used for a fulcrum.
5. (Zo["o]l.) The broad-nosed eel ({Anguilla latirostris}),
found in Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc.
Glutaconic \Glu`ta*con"ic\, a. [Glutaric + aconitic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid intermediate between
glutaric and aconitic acids.
Glutaeus \Glu*t[ae]"us\, n. [NL. See {Gluteal}.] (Anat.)
The great muscle of the buttock in man and most mammals, and
the corresponding muscle in many lower animals.
Note: In man, the glut[ae]us is composed of three distinct
parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help
support the body in standing.
Glutamic \Glu*tam"ic\, a. [Gluten + -amic.] (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to gluten.
{Glutamic acid}, a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from
certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also
{amido-glutaric acid}.
Glutaric \Glu*tar"ic\, a. [Glutamic + tartaric.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid so called; as,
glutaric ethers.
{Glutaric acid}, an organic acid obtained as a white
crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; --
called also {normal pyrotartaric acid}.
Glutazine \Glu"ta*zine\, n. (Chem.)
A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy, sandy powder, white
or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine.
Gluteal \Glu"te*al\, a. [G. ? rump, pl., the buttocks.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or in the region of, the glut[ae]us.
Gluten \Glu"ten\, n. [L., glue: cf. F. gluten. See {Glue}.]
(Chem.)
The viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to
dough.
Note: Gluten is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or
gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily
material, etc., and ia a very nutritious element of
food. It may be separated from the flour of grain by
subjecting this to a current of water, the starch and
other soluble matters being thus washed out.
{Gluten bread}, bread containing a large proportion of
gluten; -- used in cases of diabetes.
{Gluten casein} (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the
seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous,
earthy mass.
{Gluten fibrin} (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the
cereal grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish
yellow substance.
Gluteus \Glu*te"us\, n. [NL.] (Anat.)
Same as {Glut[ae]us}.
Glutin \Glu"tin\, n. [See {Gluten}.] (Chem.)
1. Same as {Gliadin}.
2. Sometimes synonymous with {Gelatin}. [R.]
Glutinate \Glu"ti*nate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Glutinated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Glutinating}.] [L. glutinatus, p. p. of
glutinare to glue, fr. gluten glue.]
To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together. --Bailey.
Glutination \Glu`ti*na"tion\, n. [L. glutinatio: cf. F.
glutination.]
The act of uniting with glue; sticking together.
Glutinative \Glu"ti*na*tive\, a. [L. glutinativus: cf. F.
glutinatif.]
Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous;
glutinous.
Glutinosity \Glu`ti*nos"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. glutinosit['e] .]
The quality of being glutinous; viscousness. [R.]
Glutinous \Glu"ti*nous\, a. [L. glutinosus, fr. gluten glue: cf.
F. glutineux. See {Gluten}.]
1. Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid;
adhesive; gluey.
2. (Bot.) Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a
leaf or gland.
Glutinousness \Glu"ti*nous*ness\, n.
The quality of being glutinous.
Glutton \Glut"ton\, n. [OE. glotoun, glotun, F. glouton, fr. L.
gluto, glutto. See {Glut}.]
1. One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer.
2. Fig.: One who gluts himself.
Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy. --Granville.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A carnivorous mammal ({Gulo luscus}), of the
family {Mustelid[ae]}, about the size of a large badger.
It was formerly believed to be inordinately voracious,
whence the name; the wolverene. It is a native of the
northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia.
{Glutton bird} (Zo["o]l.), the giant fulmar ({Ossifraga
gigantea}); -- called also {Mother Carey's goose}, and
{mollymawk}.
Glutton \Glut"ton\, a.
Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing. ``Glutton souls.''
--Dryden.
A glutton monastery in former ages makes a hungry
ministry in our days. --Fuller.
Glutton \Glut"ton\, v. t. & i.
To glut; to eat voraciously. [Obs.]
Gluttoned at last, return at home to pine. --Lovelace.
Whereon in Egypt gluttoning they fed. --Drayton.
Gluttonish \Glut"ton*ish\, a.
Gluttonous; greedy. --Sir P. Sidney.
Gluttonize \Glut"ton*ize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gluttonized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gluttonizing}.]
To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to gormandize.
--Hallywell.
Gluttonous \Glut"ton*ous\, a.
Given to gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the appetite;
voracious; as, a gluttonous age. -- {Glut"ton*ous*ly}, adv.
-- {Glut"ton*ous*ness}, n.
Gluttony \Glut"ton*y\, n.; pl. {Gluttonies}. [OE. glotonie, OF.
glotonie, gloutonnie.]
Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite for
food; voracity.
Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous feasts.
--Milton.
Glycerate \Glyc"er*ate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of glyceric acid.
Glyceric \Gly*cer"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, glycerin.
{Glyceric acid} (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained by the
partial oxidation of glycerin, as a thick liquid. It is a
hydroxyl derivative of propionic acid, and has both acid
and alcoholic properties.
Glyceride \Glyc"er*ide\, n. [See {Glycerin}.] (Chem.)
A compound ether (formed from glycerin). Some glycerides
exist ready formed as natural fats, others are produced
artificially.
Glycerin \Glyc"er*in\, Glycerine \Glyc"er*ine\, n. [F.
glyc['e]rine, fr. Gr. glykero`s, glyky`s, sweet. Cf.
{Glucose}, {Licorice}.] (Chem.)
An oily, viscous liquid, {C3H5(OH)3}, colorless and odorless,
and with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural fats
and oils as the base, combined with various acids, as oleic,
margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol,
and hence is also called {glycerol}. See Note under
{Gelatin}.
Note: It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a
large scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is
used as an ointment, as a solvent and vehicle for
medicines, and as an adulterant in wine, beer, etc.
Glycerite \Glyc"er*ite\, n. (Med.)
A medicinal preparation made by mixing or dissolving a
substance in glycerin.
Glycerol \Glyc"er*ol\, n. (Chem.)
Same as {Glycerin}.
Clycerole \Clyc"er*ole\, n. [F. glyc['e]rol['e].] (Med.)
Same as {Glycerite}.
Glyceryl \Glyc"er*yl\, n. [Glycerin + -yl.] (Chem.)
A compound radical, {C3H5}, regarded as the essential radical
of glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also
{propenyl}.
Glycide \Glyc"ide\, n. [Glyceric + anhydride.] (Chem.)
A colorless liquid, obtained from certain derivatives of
glycerin, and regarded as a partially dehydrated glycerin; --
called also {glycidic alcohol}.
Glycidic \Gly*cid"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide; as, glycidic acid.
Glycin \Gly"cin\, n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Same as {Glycocoll}.
Glycocholate \Gly`co*cho"late\, n. [Glycocoll + cholic.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
A salt of glycocholic acid; as, sodium glycocholate.
Glycocholic \Gly`co*chol"ic\, a. (Physiol. Chem.)
Pertaining to, or composed of, glycocoll and cholic acid.
{Glycocholic acid} (Physiol. Chem.), a conjugate acid,
composed of glycocoll and cholic acid, present in bile in
the form of a sodium salt. The acid commonly forms a
resinous mass, but can be crystallized in long, white
needles.
Glycocin \Gly"co*cin\, n. [Glycocoll + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Same as {Glycocoll}.
Glycocoll \Gly"co*coll\, n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet + ko`lla glue.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, with a sweet taste,
formed from hippuric acid by boiling with hydrochloric acid,
and present in bile united with cholic acid. It is also
formed from gelatin by decomposition with acids. Chemically,
it is amido-acetic acid. Called also {glycin}, and
{glycocin}.
Glycogen \Gly"co*gen\, n. [Gr. ? sweet + -gen: cf. F.
glycog[`e]ne.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch,
soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found
abundantly in the liver of most animals, and in small
quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in the
embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with
dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action
of amylolytic ferments.
Glycogenic \Gly`co*gen"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; as, the glycogenic
function of the liver.
Glycogeny \Gly*cog"e*ny\, Glycogenesis \Gly`co*gen"e*sis\, n.
(Physiol.)
The production or formation of sugar from gycogen, as in the
liver.
Glycol \Gly"col\, n. [Glycerin + -ol. See {Glycerin}.] (Chem.)
(a) A thick, colorless liquid, {C2H4(OH)2}, of a sweetish
taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene
compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between
ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin.
(b) Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which
glycol proper is the type.
Glycolic \Gly*col"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as, glycolic ether;
glycolic acid.
{Glycolic acid} (Chem.), an organic acid, found naturally in
unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape
({Ampelopsis quinquefolia}), and produced artificially in
many ways, as by the oxidation of glycol, -- whence its
name. It is a sirupy, or white crystalline, substance,
{HO.CH2.CO2H}, has the properties both of an alcohol and
an acid, and is a type of the hydroxy acids; -- called
also {hydroxyacetic acid}.
Glycolide \Gly"co*lide\, n. [Glycol + anhydride.] (Chem.)
A white amorphous powder, {C4H4O}, obtained by heating and
dehydrating glycolic acid. [Written also {glycollide}.]
Glycoluric \Gly`co*lu"ric\, a. [Glycol + uric.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, glycol and urea; as, glycoluric
acid, which is called also hydantoic acid.
Glycoluril \Gly`co*lu"ril\, n. [Glycolyl + uric.] (Chem.)
A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, obtained by the
reduction of allanto["i]n.
Glycolyl \Gly"co*lyl\, n. [Glycolic + -yl.] (Chem.)
A divalent, compound radical, {CO.CH2}, regarded as the
essential radical of glycolic acid, and a large series of
related compounds.
Glyconian \Gly*co"ni*an\, a. & n.
Glyconic.
Glyconic \Gly*con"ic\, a. [Gr. ? a kind of verse, so called from
its inventor, Glycon.] (Pros.)
Consisting of a spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; --
applied to a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry. -- n.
(Pros.) A glyconic verse.
Glyconin \Gly"co*nin\, n.
An emulsion of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used as an
ointment, as a vehicle for medicines, etc.
Glycosine \Gly"co*sine\, n. (Chem.)
An organic base, {C6H6N4}, produced artificially as a white,
crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia on glyoxal.
Glycosuria \Gly`co*su"ri*a\, n. (Med.)
Same as {Glucosuria}.
Glycyrrhiza \Glyc`yr*rhi"za\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; ? sweet + ?
root. Cf. {Licorice}.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one
species of which ({G. glabra}), is the licorice plant, the
roots of which have a bittersweet mucilaginous taste.
2. (Med.) The root of {Glycyrrhiza glabra} (liquorice root),
used as a demulcent, etc.
Glycyrrhizimic \Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic\, a. (Chem.)
From, or pertaining to, glycyrrhizin; as, glycyrrhizimic
acid.
Glycyrrhizin \Gly*cyr"rhi*zin\, n. [Cf. F. glycyrrhizine. See
{Glycyrrhiza}.] (Chem.)
A glucoside found in licorice root ({Glycyrrhiza}), in
monesia bark ({Chrysophyllum}), in the root of the walnut,
etc., and extracted as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a
bittersweet taste.
Glyn \Glyn\, Glynne \Glynne\, n.
A glen. See {Glen}.
Note: [Obs. singly, but occurring often in locative names in
Ireland, as Glen does in Scotland.]
He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut
them up within those narrow corners and glyns
under the mountain's foot. --Spenser.
Glyoxal \Gly*ox"al\, n. [Glycol + oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.)
A white, amorphous, deliquescent powder, {(CO.H)2}, obtained
by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde,
between glycol and oxalic acid.
Glyoxalic \Gly`ox*al"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an aldehyde acid, intermediate
between glycol and oxalic acid. [Written also {glyoxylic}.]
Glyoxaline \Gly*ox"a*line\, n. (Chem.)
A white, crystalline, organic base, {C3H4N2}, produced by the
action of ammonia on glyoxal, and forming the origin of a
large class of derivatives hence, any one of the series of
which glyoxaline is a type; -- called also {oxaline}.
Glyoxime \Gly*ox"ime\, n. [Glyoxal + oxime.] (Chem.)
A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, produced by the
action of hydroxylamine on glyoxal, and belonging to the
class of oximes; also, any one of a group of substances
resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it is a type. See
{Oxime}.
Glyph \Glyph\ (gl[i^]f), n. [Gr. glyfh` carving, fr. gly`fein to
carve: cf. F. glyphe. Cf. {Cleave} to split.] (Arch.)
A sunken channel or groove, usually vertical. See {Triglyph}.
Glyphic \Glyph"ic\, a. [Gr. ? of or for carving.] (Fine Arts)
Of or pertaining to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to
glyphs.
Glyphograph \Glyph"o*graph\, n.
A plate made by glyphography, or an impression taken from
such a plate.
Glyphographic \Glyph`o*graph"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to glyphography.
Glyphography \Gly*phog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? to engrave + -graphy.]
A process similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic
electricity, a raised copy of a drawing is made, so that it
can be used to print from.
Glyptic \Glyp"tic\, a. [See {Glyph}.]
1. Of or pertaining to gem engraving.
2. (Min.) Figured; marked as with figures.
Glyptics \Glyp"tics\, n. [Cf. F. glyptique. See {Glyph}.]
The art of engraving on precious stones.
Glyptodon \Glyp"to*don\, n. [Gr. ? carved, engraved + ?, ?,
tooth. See {Glyph}.] (Paleon.)
An extinct South American quaternary mammal, allied to the
armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was covered with
tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth. --Owen.
Glyptodont \Glyp"to*dont\, n. (Paleon.)
One of a family ({Glyptodontid[ae]}) of extinct South
American edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About
twenty species are known.
Glyptographic \Glyp`to*graph"ic\, a. [Cf. F. glyptographique.]
Relating to glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious
stones. [R.]
Glyptography \Glyp*tog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? carved + -graphy: cf.
F. glyptographie.]
The art or process of engraving on precious stones. [R.]
Glyptotheca \Glyp`to*the"ca\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? carved + ?
case, box.]
A building or room devoted to works of sculpture.
Glyster \Glys"ter\, n. (Med.)
Same as {Clyster}.
Gmelinite \Gmel"in*ite\, n. [Named after the German chemist
Gmelin.] (Min.)
A rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related in form and
composition to chabazite.
Gnaphalium \Gna*pha"li*um\, n. [Nl., from Gr. ? wool of the
teasel.] (Bot.)
A genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and
persistent involucres; a kind of everlasting.
Gnar \Gnar\, n. [OE. knarre, gnarre, akin to OD. knor, G.
knorren. Cf. {Knar}, {Knur}, {Gnarl}.]
A knot or gnarl in wood; hence, a tough, thickset man; --
written also gnarr. [Archaic]
He was . . . a thick gnarre. --Chaucer.
Gnar \Gnar\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gnarred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gnarring}.] [See {Gnarl}.]
To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also gnarr.
[Archaic]
At them he gan to rear his bristles strong, And felly
gnarre. --Spenser.
A thousand wants Gnarr at the heels of men. --Tennison.
Gnarl \Gnarl\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gnarled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gnarling}.] [From older gnar, prob. of imitative origin; cf.
G. knarren, knurren. D. knorren, Sw. knorra, Dan. knurre.]
To growl; to snarl.
And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee first.
--Shak.
Gnarl \Gnarl\, n. [See {Gnar}, n.]
a knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a protuberance with
twisted grain, on a tree.
Gnarled \Gnarled\, a.
Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.
The unwedgeable and gnarl['e]d oak. --Shak.
Gnarly \Gnarl"y\, a.
Full of knots; knotty; twisted; crossgrained.
Gnash \Gnash\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gnashed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gnashing}.] [OE. gnasten, gnaisten, cf. Icel. gnastan a
gnashing, gn?sta to gnash, Dan. knaske, Sw. gnissla, D.
knarsen, G. knirschen.]
To strike together, as in anger or pain; as, to gnash the
teeth.
Gnash \Gnash\, v. i.
To grind or strike the teeth together.
There they him laid, Gnashing for anguish, and despite,
and shame. --Milton.
Gnashingly \Gnash"ing*ly\, adv.
With gnashing.
Gnat \Gnat\, n. [AS. gn[ae]t.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus
{Culex}, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The females
have a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for
penetrating the skin of animals. These are wanting in the
males. In America they are generally called mosquitoes.
See {Mosquito}.
2. Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; esp., in
America, a small biting fly of the genus {Simulium} and
allies, as the buffalo gnat, the black fly, etc.
{Gnat catcher} (Zo["o]l.), one of several species of small
American singing birds, of the genus {Polioptila}, allied
to the kinglets.
{Gnat flower}, the bee flower.
{Gnat hawk} (Zo["o]l.), the European goatsucker; -- called
also {gnat owl}.
{Gnat snapper} (Zo["o]l.), a bird that catches gnats.
{Gnat strainer}, a person ostentatiously punctilious about
trifles. Cf. --Matt. xxiii. 24.
Gnathic \Gnath"ic\, a. [Gr. ? the jaw.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the jaw.
{Gnathic index}, in a skull, the ratio of the distance from
the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the basion (taken
equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to the
middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; -- called also
{alveolar index}.
Skulls with the gnathic index below 98 are
orthognathous, from 98 to 103 mesognathous, and
above 103 are prognathous. --Flower.
Gnathidium \Gna*thid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Gnathidia}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
the jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
The ramus of the lower jaw of a bird as far as it is naked;
-- commonly used in the plural.
Gnathite \Gnath"ite\, n. [Gr. ? the jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of the mouth appendages of the Arthropoda. They are
known as mandibles, maxill[ae], and maxillipeds.
Gnathonic \Gna*thon"ic\, Gnathonical \Gna*thon"ic*al\, a. [L.
Gnatho, name of a parasite in the ``Eunuchus'' of Terence,
Gr. ?; hence, a parasite in general.]
Flattering; deceitful. [Obs.]
Gnathopod \Gnath"o*pod\, n. [Gr. ? the jaw + -pod.] (Zo["o]l.)
A gnathopodite or maxilliped. See {Maxilliped}.
Gnathopodite \Gna*thop"o*dite\, n. (Zo["o]l,)
Any leglike appendage of a crustacean, when modified wholly,
or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of the maxillipeds.
Gnathastegite \Gna*thas"te*gite\, n. [Gr. ? the jaw + ? a roof.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer
maxillipeds of crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth
organs.
Gnathostoma \Gna*thos"to*ma\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? the jaw +
?, ?, the mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
A comprehensive division of vertebrates, including all that
have distinct jaws, in contrast with the leptocardians and
marsipobranchs (Cyclostoma), which lack them. [Written also
{Gnathostomata}.]
Gnathotheca \Gnath`o*the"ca\, n.; pl. {Gnathothec[AE]}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ? the jaw + ? a box.] (Zo["o]l.)
The horney covering of the lower mandible of a bird.
Gnatling \Gnat"ling\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small gnat.
Gnatworm \Gnat"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called also, colloquially,
wiggler.
Gnaw \Gnaw\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gnawed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gnawing}.] [OE. gnawen, AS. gnagan; akin to D. knagen, OHG.
gnagan, nagan, G. nagen, Icel. & Sw. gnaga, Dan. gnave, nage.
Cf. {Nag} to tease.]
1. To bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily
separated or crushed; to bite off little by little, with
effort; to wear or eat away by scraping or continuous
biting with the teeth; to nibble at.
His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw.
--Dryden.
2. To bite in agony or rage.
They gnawed their tongues for pain. --Rev. xvi.
10.
3. To corrode; to fret away; to waste.
Gnaw \Gnaw\, v. i.
To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort, as
in eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly,
or unmanageable.
I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain
that ties me. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Gnawer \Gnaw"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, gnaws.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A rodent.
Gneiss \Gneiss\ (n[imac]s), n. [G.] (Geol.)
A crystalline rock, consisting, like granite, of quartz,
feldspar, and mica, but having these materials, especially
the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather easily
into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende sometimes takes the
place of the mica, and it is then called {hornblendic or
syenitic gneiss}. Similar varieties of related rocks are also
called gneiss.
Gneissic \Gneis"sic\ (n[imac]s"s[i^]k), a.
Relating to, or resembling, gneiss; consisting of gneiss.
Gneissoid \Gneis"soid\ (-soid), a. [Gneiss + -oid.]
Resembling gneiss; having some of the characteristics of
gneiss; -- applied to rocks of an intermediate character
between granite and gneiss, or mica slate and gneiss.
Gneissose \Gneis"sose`\, a.
Having the structure of gneiss.
Gnew \Gnew\ (n[=u]), obs.
imp. of {Gnaw}. --Chaucer.
Gnide \Gnide\ (n[imac]d), v. t. [AS. gn[imac]dan.]
To rub; to bruise; to break in pieces. [Obs.]
Note: This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but
improperly. The woed, though common in Old English,
does not occur in Chaucer. --T. R. Lounsbury.
Gnof \Gnof\ (n[o^]f), n.
Churl; curmudgeon. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gnome \Gnome\, n. [F. gnome, prob. fr. Gr. gnw`mon one that
knows, a guardian, i. e., of the treasures in the inner parts
of the earth, or fr. ? intelligence, both fr. gnw^nai,
gignw^skein, to know. See {Know}.]
1. An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to
inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the
guardian of mines, quarries, etc.
2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen
features, or of strange appearance.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A small owl ({Glaucidium gnoma}) of the Western
United States.
4. [Gr. ?.] A brief reflection or maxim. --Peacham.
Gnomic \Gnom"ic\, Gnomical \Gnom"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ?: cf.
F. gnomique. See {Gnome} maxim.]
Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking
detached thoughts; aphoristic.
A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and gnomic
poetry. --G. R. Lewes.
{Gnomic Poets}, Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the
sixth century B. C., whose writings consist of short
sententious precepts and reflections.
Gnomical \Gnom"ic*al\, a. [See {Gnomon}.]
Gnomonical. --Boyle.
Gnomically \Gnom"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a gnomic, didactic, or sententious manner.
Gnomologic \Gno`mo*log"ic\, Gnomological \Gno`mo*log"ic*al\, a.
[Gr. ?.]
Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a gnomology.
Gnomology \Gno*mol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ?; ? judgment, maxim + ?
discourse: cf. F. gnomologie.]
A collection of, or a treatise on, maxims, grave sentences,
or reflections. [Obs.] --Milton.
Gnomon \Gno"mon\, n. [L. gnomon, Gr. ? one that knows, the index
of a sundial. See {Gnome}.]
1. (Dialing) The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the
hour of the day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's
axis.
2. (Astron.) A style or column erected perpendicularly to the
horizon, formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its
principal use was to find the altitude of the sun by
measuring the length of its shadow.
3. (Geom.) The space included between the boundary lines of
two similar parallelograms, the one within the other, with
an angle in common; as, the gnomon bcdefg of the
parallelograms ac and af. The parallelogram bf is the
complement of the parallelogram df.
4. The index of the hour circle of a globe.
Gnomonic \Gno*mon"ic\, Gnomonical \Gno*mon"ic*al\, a. [L.
gnomonicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. gnomonique. See {Gnomon}.]
Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or the art of dialing.
{Gnomonic projection}, a projection of the circles of the
sphere, in which the point of sight is taken at the center
of the sphere, and the principal plane is tangent to the
surface of the sphere. ``The gnomonic projection derives
its name from the connection between the methods of
describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon
or dial.'' --Cyc. of Arts & Sciences.
Gnomonically \Gno*mon"ic*al*ly\, adv.
According to the principles of the gnomonic projection.
Gnomonics \Gno*mon"ics\, n. [See {Gnomonic}.]
The art or science of dialing, or of constructing dials to
show the hour of the day by the shadow of a gnomon.
Gnomonist \Gno"mon*ist\, n.
One skilled in gnomonics. --Boyle.
Gnomonology \Gno`mon*ol"o*gy\, n. [Gnomon + -logy. Cf.
{Gnomonology}.]
A treatise on gnomonics.
Gnoscopine \Gnos"co*pine\, n. [Gr. gignw`skein to know + E.
opium?] (Chem.)
An alkaloid existing in small quantities in opium.
Gnosis \Gno"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. gnw^sis.] (Metaph.)
The deeper wisdom; knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was
claimed by the Gnostics.
Gnostic \Gnos"tic\, a.
1. Knowing; wise; shrewd. [Old Slang]
I said you were a gnostic fellow. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its
adherents; as, the Gnostic heresy.
Gnostic \Gnos"tic\, n. [L. gnosticus, Gr. ? good at knowing,
sagacious; as a n., man that claims to have a deeper wisdom,
fr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F. gnostique. See {Know}.]
(Eccl. Hist.)
One of the so-called philosophers in the first ages of
Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical interpretation
of the Christian religion. Their system combined Oriental
theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of
Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible,
intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by
successive emanations, which they called Eons.
Gnosticism \Gnos"ti*cism\, n.
The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.
Gnow \Gnow\, obs. imp. of {Gnaw}.
Gnawed. --Chaucer.
Gnu \Gnu\, n. [Hottentot gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of two species of large South African antelopes of the
genus {Catoblephas}, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved
horns in both sexes. [Written also {gnoo}.]
Note: The common gnu or wildebeest ({Catoblephas gnu}) is
plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest ({C.
gorgon}) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on
the neck and shoulders.
Go \Go\ (g[=o]), obs. p. p. of {Go}.
Gone. --Chaucer.
Go \Go\, v. i. [imp. {Went} (w[e^]nt); p. p. {Gone} (g[o^]n;
115); p. pr. & vb. n. {Going}. Went comes from the AS,
wendan. See {Wend}, v. i.] [OE. gan, gon, AS. g[=a]n, akin to
D. gaan, G. gehn, gehen, OHG. g[=e]n, g[=a]n, SW. g[*a], Dan.
gaae; cf. Gr. kicha`nai to reach, overtake, Skr. h[=a] to go,
AS. gangan, and E. gang. The past tense in AS., eode, is from
the root i to go, as is also Goth. iddja went. [root]47a. Cf.
{Gang}, v. i., {Wend}.]
1. To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be
in a state not motionless or at rest; to proceed; to
advance; to make progress; -- used, in various
applications, of the movement of both animate and
inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the
movements of the mind; also figuratively applied.
2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to
walk step by step, or leisurely.
Note: In old writers go is much used as opposed to run, or
ride. ``Whereso I go or ride.'' --Chaucer.
You know that love Will creep in service where it
can not go. --Shak.
Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long
that going will scarce serve the turn. --Shak.
He fell from running to going, and from going to
clambering upon his hands and his knees.
--Bunyan.
Note: In Chaucer go is used frequently with the pronoun in
the objective used reflexively; as, he goeth him home.
3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to
circulate; hence, with for, to have currency; to be taken,
accepted, or regarded.
The man went among men for an old man in the days of
Saul. --1 Sa. xvii.
12.
[The money] should go according to its true value.
--Locke.
4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move
on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue
or result; to succeed; to turn out.
How goes the night, boy ? --Shak.
I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of
man enough. --Arbuthnot.
Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you
must pay me the reward. --I Watts.
5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or
product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to
avail; to apply; to contribute; -- often with the
infinitive; as, this goes to show.
Against right reason all your counsels go. --Dryden.
To master the foul flend there goeth some complement
knowledge of theology. --Sir W.
Scott.
6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake.
Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a
resolute orator, he went not to denial, but to
justify his cruel falsehood. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Note: Go, in this sense, is often used in the present
participle with the auxiliary verb to be, before an
infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to
denote design; as, I was going to say; I am going to
begin harvest.
7. To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an
act of the memory or imagination; -- generally with over
or through.
By going over all these particulars, you may receive
some tolerable satisfaction about this great
subject. --South.
8. To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate.
The fruit she goes with, I pray for heartily, that
it may find Good time, and live. --Shak.
9. To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence
the action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to
depart; -- in opposition to stay and come.
I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord
your God; . . . only ye shall not go very far away.
--Ex. viii.
28.
10. To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to
perish; to decline; to decease; to die.
By Saint George, he's gone! That spear wound hath
our master sped. --Sir W.
Scott.
11. To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line goes across the
street; his land goes to the river; this road goes to New
York.
His amorous expressions go no further than virtue
may allow. --Dryden.
12. To have recourse; to resort; as, to go to law.
Note: Go is used, in combination with many prepositions and
adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated by the
preposition or adverb, in which, and not in the verb,
lies the principal force of the expression; as, to go
against to go into, to go out, to go aside, to go
astray, etc.
{Go to}, come; move; go away; -- a phrase of exclamation,
serious or ironical.
{To go a-begging}, not to be in demand; to be undesired.
{To go about}.
(a) To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action; to
undertake. ``They went about to slay him.'' --Acts
ix. 29.
They never go about . . . to hide or palliate
their vices. --Swift.
(b) (Naut.) To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear.
{To go abraod}.
(a) To go to a foreign country.
(b) To go out of doors.
(c) To become public; to be published or disclosed; to be
current.
Then went this saying abroad among the
brethren. --John xxi.
23.
{To go against}.
(a) To march against; to attack.
(b) To be in opposition to; to be disagreeable to.
{To go ahead}.
(a) To go in advance.
(b) To go on; to make progress; to proceed.
{To go and come}. See {To come and go}, under {Come}.
{To go aside}.
(a) To withdraw; to retire.
He . . . went aside privately into a desert
place. --Luke. ix.
10.
(b) To go from what is right; to err. --Num. v. 29.
{To go back on}.
(a) To retrace (one's path or footsteps).
(b) To abandon; to turn against; to betray. [Slang, U.
S.]
{To go below}
(Naut), to go below deck.
{To go between}, to interpose or mediate between; to be a
secret agent between parties; in a bad sense, to pander.
{To go beyond}. See under {Beyond}.
{To go by}, to pass away unnoticed; to omit.
{To go by the board} (Naut.), to fall or be carried
overboard; as, the mast went by the board.
{To go down}.
(a) To descend.
(b) To go below the horizon; as, the sun has gone down.
(c) To sink; to founder; -- said of ships, etc.
(d) To be swallowed; -- used literally or figuratively.
[Colloq.]
Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it goes down
whole with him for truth. --L' Estrange.
{To go far}.
(a) To go to a distance.
(b) To have much weight or influence.
{To go for}.
(a) To go in quest of.
(b) To represent; to pass for.
(c) To favor; to advocate.
(d) To attack; to assault. [Low]
(e) To sell for; to be parted with for (a price).
{To go for nothing}, to be parted with for no compensation or
result; to have no value, efficacy, or influence; to count
for nothing.
{To go forth}.
(a) To depart from a place.
(b) To be divulged or made generally known; to emanate.
The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of
the Lord from Jerusalem. --Micah iv. 2.
{To go hard with}, to trouble, pain, or endanger.
{To go in}, to engage in; to take part. [Colloq.]
{To go in and out}, to do the business of life; to live; to
have free access. --John x. 9.
{To go in for}. [Colloq.]
(a) To go for; to favor or advocate (a candidate, a
measure, etc.).
(b) To seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor,
preferment, etc.)
(c) To complete for (a reward, election, etc.).
(d) To make the object of one's labors, studies, etc.
He was as ready to go in for statistics as for
anything else. --Dickens.
{To go in to} or {unto}.
(a) To enter the presence of. --Esther iv. 16.
(b) To have sexual intercourse with. [Script.]
{To go into}.
(a) To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question,
subject, etc.).
(b) To participate in (a war, a business, etc.).
{To go large}.
(Naut) See under {Large}.
{To go off}.
(a) To go away; to depart.
The leaders . . . will not go off until they
hear you. --Shak.
(b) To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness went off.
(c) To die. --Shak.
(d) To explode or be discharged; -- said of gunpowder, of
a gun, a mine, etc.
(e) To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of.
(f) To pass off; to take place; to be accomplished.
The wedding went off much as such affairs do.
--Mrs.
Caskell.
{To go on}.
(a) To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, to
go on reading.
(b) To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat will
not go on.
{To go all fours}, to correspond exactly, point for point.
It is not easy to make a simile go on all fours.
--Macaulay.
{To go out}.
(a) To issue forth from a place.
(b) To go abroad; to make an excursion or expedition.
There are other men fitter to go out than I.
--Shak.
What went ye out for to see ? --Matt. xi. 7,
8, 9.
(c) To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as
news, fame etc.
(d) To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as,
the light has gone out.
Life itself goes out at thy displeasure.
--Addison.
{To go over}.
(a) To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.; to
change sides.
I must not go over Jordan. --Deut. iv.
22.
Let me go over, and see the good land that is
beyond Jordan. --Deut. iii.
25.
Ishmael . . . departed to go over to the
Ammonites. --Jer. xli.
10.
(b) To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, to go
over one's accounts.
If we go over the laws of Christianity, we
shall find that . . . they enjoin the same
thing. --Tillotson.
(c) To transcend; to surpass.
(d) To be postponed; as, the bill went over for the
session.
(e) (Chem.) To be converted (into a specified substance
or material); as, monoclinic sulphur goes over into
orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose goes over into
dextrose and levulose.
{To go through}.
(a) To accomplish; as, to go through a work.
(b) To suffer; to endure to the end; as, to go through a
surgical operation or a tedious illness.
(c) To spend completely; to exhaust, as a fortune.
(d) To strip or despoil (one) of his property. [Slang]
(e) To botch or bungle a business. [Scot.]
{To go through with}, to perform, as a calculation, to the
end; to complete.
{To go to ground}.
(a) To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted fox.
(b) To fall in battle.
{To go to naught} (Colloq.), to prove abortive, or
unavailling.
{To go under}.
(a) To set; -- said of the sun.
(b) To be known or recognized by (a name, title, etc.).
(c) To be overwhelmed, submerged, or defeated; to perish;
to succumb.
{To go up}, to come to nothing; to prove abortive; to fail.
[Slang]
{To go upon}, to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis.
{To go with}.
(a) To accompany.
(b) To coincide or agree with.
(c) To suit; to harmonize with.
{To go} (
{well},
{ill}, or
{hard})
{with}, to affect (one) in such manner.
{To go without}, to be, or to remain, destitute of.
{To go wrong}.
(a) To take a wrong road or direction; to wander or
stray.
(b) To depart from virtue.
(c) To happen unfortunately.
(d) To miss success.
{To let go}, to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to
release.
Go \Go\, v. t.
1. To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or
become responsible for; to bear a part in.
They to go equal shares in the booty. --L'Estrange.
2. To bet or wager; as, I'll go you a shilling. [Colloq.]
{To go halves}, to share with another equally.
{To go it}, to behave in a wild manner; to be uproarious; to
carry on; also, to proceed; to make progress. [Colloq.]
{To go it alone} (Card Playing), to play a hand without the
assistance of one's partner.
{To go it blind}.
(a) To act in a rash, reckless, or headlong manner.
[Slang]
(b) (Card Playing) To bet without having examined the
cards.
{To go one's way}, to set forth; to depart.
Go \Go\, n.
1. Act; working; operation. [Obs.]
So gracious were the goes of marriage. --Marston.
2. A circumstance or occurrence; an incident. [Slang]
This is a pretty go. --Dickens.
3. The fashion or mode; as, quite the go. [Colloq.]
4. Noisy merriment; as, a high go. [Colloq.]
5. A glass of spirits. [Slang]
6. Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance;
push; as, there is no go in him. [Colloq.]
7. (Cribbage) That condition in the course of the game when a
player can not lay down a card which will not carry the
aggregate count above thirty-one.
{Great go}, {Little go}, the final and the preliminary
examinations for a degree. [Slang, Eng. Univ.]
{No go}, a failure; a fiasco. [Slang] --Thackeray.
{On the go}, moving about; unsettled. [Colloq.]
Goa \Go"a\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A species of antelope ({Procapra picticauda}), inhabiting
Thibet.
Goad \Goad\, n. [AS. g[=a]d; perh. akin to AS. g[=a]r a dart,
and E. gore. See {Gore}, v. t.]
A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast; hence, any
necessity that urges or stimulates.
The daily goad urging him to the daily toil.
--Macaulay.
Goad \Goad\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Goaded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Goading}.]
To prick; to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to
rouse by anything pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming;
to stimulate.
That temptation that doth goad us on. --Shak.
Syn: To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite;
instigate.
Goaf \Goaf\; n.; pl. {Goafs}or {Goaves}. [Cf. lst {Gob}.]
(Mining)
That part of a mine from which the mineral has been partially
or wholly removed; the waste left in old workings; -- called
also {gob} .
{To work the goaf} or {gob}, to remove the pillars of mineral
matter previously left to support the roof, and replace
them with props. --Ure.
Goal \Goal\, n. [F. gaule pole, Prov. F. waule, of German
origin; cf. Fries. walu staff, stick, rod, Goth. walus, Icel.
v["o]lr a round stick; prob. akin to E. wale.]
1. The mark set to bound a race, and to or around which the
constestants run, or from which they start to return to it
again; the place at which a race or a journey is to end.
Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal With
rapid wheels. --Milton.
2. The final purpose or aim; the end to which a design tends,
or which a person aims to reach or attain.
Each individual seeks a several goal. --Pope.
3. A base, station, or bound used in various games; in
football, a line between two posts across which the ball
must pass in order to score; also, the act of kicking the
ball over the line between the goal posts.
{Goal keeper}, the player charged with the defense of the
goal.
Goa powder \Go"a pow"der\ [So called from Goa, on the Malabar
coast, whither it was shipped from Portugal.]
A bitter powder (also called {araroba}) found in the
interspaces of the wood of a Brazilian tree ({Andira
araroba}) and used as a medicine. It is the material from
which chrysarobin is obtained.
Goar \Goar\, n.
Same as lst {Gore}.
Goarish \Goar"ish\, a.
Patched; mean. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Goat \Goat\, n. [OE goot, got, gat, AS. g[=a]t; akin to D. geit,
OHG. geiz, G. geiss, Icel. geit, Sw. get, Dan. ged, Goth.
gaits, L. haedus a young goat, kid.] (Zo["o]l.)
A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus {Capra}, of several
species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat ({C. hircus}),
which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin.
Note: The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have
long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile
fabrics. The wild or bezoar goat ({Capra [ae]gagrus}),
of Asia Minor, noted for the bezoar stones found in its
stomach, is supposed to be one of the ancestral species
ofthe domestic goat. The Rocky Montain goat
({Haplocercus montanus}) is more nearly related to the
antelopes. See {Mazame}.
{Goat antelope} (Zo["o]l), one of several species of
antelopes, which in some respects resemble a goat, having
recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs, and a short,
flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara.
{Goat fig} (Bot.), the wild fig.
{Goat house}.
(a) A place for keeping goats.
(b) A brothel. [Obs.]
{Goat moth} (Zo["o]l.), any moth of the genus {Cossus}, esp.
the large European species ({C. ligniperda}), the larva of
which burrows in oak and willow trees, and requires three
years to mature. It exhales an odor like that of the
he-goat.
{Goat weed} (Bot.), a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus
{Capraria} ({C. biflora}).
{Goat's bane} (Bot.), a poisonous plant ({Aconitum
Lucoctonum}), bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from
Switzerland into England; wolfsbane.
{Goat's beard} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Tragopogon}; --
so named from the long silky beard of the seeds. One
species is the salsify or oyster plant.
{Goat's foot} (Bot.), a kind of wood sorrel ({Oxalis
caprina}) growing at the Cape of Good Hope.
{Goat's rue} (Bot.), a leguminous plant ({Galega officinalis}
of Europe, or {Tephrosia Virginiana} in the United
States).
{Goat's thorn} (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant ({Astragalus
Tragacanthus}), found in the Levant.
{Goat's wheat} (Bot.), the genus {Tragopyrum} (now referred
to {Atraphaxis}).
Goatee \Goat`ee"\, n.
A part of a man's beard on the chin or lower lip which is
allowed to grow, and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a
goat.
Goatfish \Goat"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A fish of the genus {Upeneus}, inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico.
It is allied to the surmullet.
Goatherd \Goat"herd`\, n.
One who tends goats. --Spenser.
Goatish \Goat"ish\, a.
Characteristic of a goat; goatlike.
Give your chaste body up to the embraces Of goatish
lust. --Massinger.
-- {Goat"ish*ly}, adv. -- {Goat"ish*ness}, n.
Goatlike \Goat"like`\, a.
Like a goat; goatish.
Goatskin \Goat"skin`\, n.
The skin of a goat, or leather made from it. -- a. Made of
the skin of a goat.
Goatsucker \Goat"suck`er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of insectivorous birds, belonging to
{Caprimulgus} and allied genera, esp. the European species
({Caprimulgus Europ[ae]us}); -- so called from the mistaken
notion that it sucks goats. The European species is also
{goat-milker}, {goat owl}, {goat chaffer}, {fern owl}, {night
hawk}, {nightjar}, {night churr}, {churr-owl}, {gnat hawk},
and {dorhawk}.
Goaves \Goaves\ (g[=o]vz), n. pl. [See {Goaf}, n.] (Mining)
Old workings. See {Goaf}. --Raymond.
Gob \Gob\ (g[o^]b), n. [Cf. {Goaf}.] (Mining)
Same as {Goaf}.
Gob \Gob\, n. [OF. gob morsel; cf. F. gobe, gobbe, a poisoned
morsel, poison ball, gobet a piece swallowed, gober to
swallow greedily and without tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir. gob
mouth, snout, W. gwp a bird's head and neck. Cf. {Gobble},
{Job}, n.]
1. A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a mouthful.
[Low] --L'Estrange.
2. The mouth. [Prov. Eng.or Low] --Wright.
Gobbet \Gob"bet\, n. [OE. & F. gobet. See 2d {Gob}.]
A mouthful; a lump; a small piece. --Spenser.
[He] had broken the stocks to small gobbets. --Wyclif.
Gobbet \Gob"bet\, v. t.
To swallow greedily; to swallow in gobbets. [Low]
--L'Estrange.
Gobbetly \Gob"bet*ly\, adv.
In pieces. [Obs.] --Huloet.
Gobbing \Gob"bing\, n. [See lst {Gob}.] (Mining)
(a) The refuse thrown back into the excavation after removing
the coal. It is called also {gob stuff}. --Brande & C.
(b) The process of packing with waste rock; stowing.
Gobble \Gob"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gobbled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gobbling}.] [Freq. of 2d gob.]
1. To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp.
Supper gobbled up in haste. --Swift.
2. To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.
He . . . gobbles out a note of self-approbation.
--Goldsmith.
{To gobble up}, to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture
suddenly. [Slang]
Gobble \Gob"ble\, v. i.
1. To eat greedily.
2. To make a noise like that of a turkey cock. --Prior.
Gobble \Gob"ble\, n.
A noise made in the throat.
Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant gobble.
--Mrs. Gore.
Gobbler \Gob"bler\, n.
A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock.
Gobelin \Gob"e*lin\, a.
Pertaining to tapestry produced in the so-called Gobelin
works, which have been maintained by the French Government
since 1667.
Gobemouche \Gobe`mouche"\, n. [F.]
Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who keeps his mouth
open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.
Gobet \Gob"et\, n.
See {Gobbet}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Go-between \Go"-be*tween`\, n.
An intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; -- usually in a
disparaging sense. --Shak.
Gobioid \Go"bi*oid\, a. [NL. Gobius + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like, or pertaining to, the goby, or the genus {Gobius}. --
n. A gobioid fish.
Goblet \Gob"let\, n. [F. gobelet, LL. gobeletus, gobellus; cf.
L. cupa tub, cask. See {Cupel}.]
A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or standard,
but without a handle.
We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned.
--Denham.
Goblin \Gob"lin\, n. [OE. gobelin, F. gobelin, LL. gobelinus,
fr. Gr. ? knave, a mischievous goblin; or cf. G. kobold, E.
kobold, cobalt, Armor. gobilin an ignis fatuus, goblin.]
An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or malicious elf; a
frightful phantom; a gnome.
To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied. --Milton.
Gobline \Gob"line`\, n. (Naut.)
One of the ropes or chains serving as stays for the dolphin
striker or the bowsprit; -- called also {gobrope} and
{gaubline}.
Goblinize \Gob"lin*ize\, v. t.
To transform into a goblin. [R.] --Lowell.
Goby \Go"by\, n.; pl. {Gobies}. [F. gobie, L. gobius, gobio, Gr.
? Cf. {Gudgeon}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of small marine fishes of the genus
{Gobius} and allied genera.
Go-by \Go"-by`\, n.
A passing without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting
away; a shifting off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the
go-by.
Some songs to which we have given the go-by. --Prof.
Wilson.
Gocart \Go"cart`\, n.
A framework moving on casters, designed to support children
while learning to walk.
God \God\, a. & n.
Good. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
God \God\ (g[o^]d), n. [AS. god; akin to OS. & D. god, OHG. got,
G. gott, Icel. gu[eth], go[eth], Sw. & Dan. gud, Goth. gup,
prob. orig. a p. p. from a root appearing in Skr. h[=u], p.
p. h[=u]ta, to call upon, invoke, implore. [root]30. Cf.
{Goodbye}, {Gospel}, {Gossip}.]
1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and
to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity;
a deity; an object of worship; an idol.
He maketh a god, and worshipeth it. --Is. xliv.
15.
The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To
bestial gods. --Milton.
2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the
Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah.
God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must
worship him in spirit and in truth. --John iv. 24.
3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good;
an object of supreme regard.
Whose god is their belly. --Phil. iii.
19.
4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic
power. [R.] --Shak.
{Act of God}. (Law) See under {Act}.
{Gallery gods}, the occupants of the highest and cheapest
gallery of a theater. [Colloq.]
{God's acre}, {God's field}, a burial place; a churchyard.
See under {Acre}.
{God's house}.
(a) An almshouse. [Obs.]
(b) A church.
{God's penny}, earnest penny. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
{God's Sunday}, Easter.
God \God\, v. t.
To treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] --Shak.
Godchild \God"child`\, n.
One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he
promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or
goddaughter. See {Godfather}.
Goddaughter \God"daugh`ter\, n. [AS. goddohtor.]
A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism.
Goddess \God"dess\, n.
1. A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex.
When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among
a crowd of goddesses, she was distinguished by her
graceful stature and superior beauty. --Addison.
2. A woman of superior charms or excellence.
Gode \Gode\, a. & n.
Good. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Godelich \Gode"lich\, a.
Goodly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Godfather \God"fa`ther\, n. [AS. godf[ae]der. Cf. {Gossip}.]
A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes
himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction.
There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized,
when they can be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother;
and for every Female, one Godfather and two Godmothers;
and Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is
desired. --Book of
Common Prayer
(Prot. Episc.
Ch., U. S. ).
Godfather \God"fa`ther\, v. t.
To act as godfather to; to take under one's fostering care.
[R.] --Burke.
God-fearing \God"-fear`ing\, a.
Having a reverential and loving feeling towards God;
religious.
A brave good-fearing man. --Tennyson.
Godhead \God"head\, n. [OE. godhed. See {-head}, and cf.
{Godhood}.]
1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence;
godhood.
2. The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.
The imperial throne Of Godhead, fixed for ever.
--Milton.
3. A god or goddess; a divinity. [Obs.]
Adoring first the genius of the place, The nymphs
and native godheads yet unknown. --Dryden.
Godhood \God"hood\, n. [God + -hood. Cf. {Godhead}.]
Divine nature or essence; deity; godhead.
Godild \God"ild\
A corruption of God yield, i. e., God reward or bless.
--Shak.
Godless \God"less\, a.
Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for God;
impious; wicked. -- {God"less*ly}, adv. -- {God"less*ness},
n.
Godlike \God"like`\, a. [God + like. Cf. {Godly}.]
Resembling or befitting a god or God; divine; hence,
preeminently good; as, godlike virtue. -- {God"like`ness}, n.
Godlily \God"li*ly\, adv.
Righteously. --H. Wharton.
Godliness \God"li*ness\, n. [From {Godly}.]
Careful observance of, or conformity to, the laws of God; the
state or quality of being godly; piety.
Godliness is profitable unto all things. --1 Tim. iv.
8.
Godling \God"ling\, n.
A diminutive god. --Dryden.
Godly \God"ly\, a. [God, n. + -ly. Cf. {Godlike}, {Like}.]
Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws; obedient
to the commands of God from love for, and reverence of, his
character; conformed to God's law; devout; righteous; as, a
godly life.
For godly sorrow worketh repentance. --2 Cor. vii.
10.
Godly \God"ly\, adv.
Piously; devoutly; righteously.
All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer
persecution. --2. Tim. iii.
12.
Godlyhead \God"ly*head\, n. [Cf. {Goodlyhead}.]
Goodness. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Godmother \God"moth`er\, n. [AS. godm?dor.]
A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism. See
{Godfather}
Godown \Go*down"\, n. [Corruption of Malay g[=a]dong warehouse.]
A warehouse. [East Indies]
Godroon \Go*droon"\, n. [F. godron a round plait, godroon.]
(Arch.)
An ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded
molding.
Godsend \God"send`\, n.
Something sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or piece of
good fortune.
Godship \God"ship\, n. [God, n. + -ship.]
The rank or character of a god; deity; divinity; a god or
goddess.
O'er hills and dales their godships came. --Prior.
Godsib \God"sib\, n.
A gossip. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Godson \God"son`\, n. [AS. godsunu.]
A male for whom one has stood sponsor in baptism. See
{Godfather}.
Godspeed \God"speed`\, n.
Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the
phrase, ``God speed you.'' [Written also as two separate
words.]
Receive him not into house, neither bid him God speed.
--2 John 10.
Godward \God"ward\, adv.
Toward God. --2 Cor. iii. 4.
Godwit \God"wit\, n. [Prob. from AS. g?d good + wiht creature,
wight.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the
genus {Limosa}, and family {Tringid[ae]}. The European
black-tailed godwit ({Limosa limosa}), the American marbled
godwit ({L. fedoa}), the Hudsonian godwit ({L.
h[ae]mastica}), and others, are valued as game birds. Called
also {godwin}.
Goel \Go"el\ (g[=o]"[e^]l), a. [Cf. {Yellow}. [root]49.]
Yellow. [Obs.] --Tusser.
Goeland \Go`["e]`land"\, n. [F. go["e]land.] (Zo["o]l.)
A white tropical tern ({Cygis candida}).
Goemin \Go`["e]`min"\, n. [F. go["e]mon seaweed.]
A complex mixture of several substances extracted from Irish
moss.
Goen \Go"en\,
p. p. of Go. [Obs.]
Goer \Go"er\, n. [From Go.]
One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker; as:
(a) A foot. [Obs.] --Chapman.
(b) A horse, considered in reference to his gait; as, a good
goer; a safe goer.
This antechamber has been filled with comers and
goers. --Macaulay.
Goety \Go"e*ty\, n. [Gr. ? witchcraft, from ? to bewitch, ?
sorcerer: cf. F. go['e]tie.]
Invocation of evil spirits; witchcraft. [Obs.] --Hallywell.
Goff \Goff\, n. [Cf. F. goffe ill-made, awkward, It. goffo, Sp.
gofo, Prov. G. goff a blockhead, Gr. ? stupid.]
A silly clown. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Goff \Goff\, n.
A game. See {Golf}. [Scot.] --Halliwell.
Goffer \Gof"fer\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Goffered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Goffering}.] [See {Gauffer}.]
To plait, flute, or crimp. See {Gauffer}. --Clarke.
Gog \Gog\, n. [Cf. agog, F. gogue sprightliness, also W. gogi to
agitate, shake.]
Haste; ardent desire to go. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Goggle \Gog"gle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Goggled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Goggling}.] [Cf. Ir. & Gael. gog a nod, slight motion.]
To roll the eyes; to stare.
And wink and goggle like an owl. --Hudibras.
Goggle \Gog"gle\, a.
Full and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes.
The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes. --Sir W.
Scott.
Goggle \Gog"gle\, n. [See {Goggle}, v. i.]
1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye.
2. pl.
(a) A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes,
in the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for
protecting the eyes from cold, dust, etc.
(b) Colored glasses for relief from intense light.
(c) A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight
forward, and cure squinting.
(d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or without a
slit for seeing through.
Goggled \Gog"gled\, a.
Prominent; staring, as the eye.
Goggle-eye \Gog"gle-eye`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of two or more species of American fresh-water fishes
of the family {Centrarchid[ae]}, esp. {Ch[ae]nobryttus
antistius}, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and
{Ambloplites rupestris}, of the Great Lakes and
Mississippi Valley; -- so called from their prominent
eyes.
(b) The goggler.
Goggle-eyed \Gog"gle-eyed`\, a.
Having prominent and distorted or rolling eyes. --Ascham.
Goggler \Gog"gler\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A carangoid oceanic fish ({Trachurops crumenophthalmus}),
having very large and prominent eyes; -- called also
{goggle-eye}, {big-eyed scad}, and {cicharra}.
Goglet \Gog"let\, n. [Pg. gorgoleta.]
See {Gurglet}.
Going \Go"ing\, n.
1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going
is bad.
2. Departure. --Milton.
3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. --Crew.
4. pl. Course of life; behavior; doings; ways.
His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all
his goings. --Job xxxiv.
21.
{Going barrel}. (Horology)
(a) A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth
on its periphery to drive the train.
(b) A device for maintaining a force to drive the train
while the timepiece is being wound up.
{Going forth}. (Script.)
(a) Outlet; way of exit. ``Every going forth of the
sanctuary.'' --Ezek. xliv. 5.
(b) A limit; a border. ``The going forth thereof shall be
from the south to Kadesh-barnea.'' --Num. xxxiv. 4.
{Going out}, or {Goings out}. (Script.)
(a) The utmost extremity or limit. ``The border shall go
down to Jordan, and the goings out of it shall be at
the salt sea.'' --Num. xxxiv. 12.
(b) Departure or journeying. ``And Moses wrote their
goings out according to their journeys.'' --Num.
xxxiii. 2.
{Goings on}, behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad
sense.
Goiter \Goi"ter\ Goitre \Goi"tre\, n. [F. go[^i]tre, L. guttur
throat, cf. tumidum guttur goiter, gutturosus goitered. See
{Guttural}.] (Med.)
An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of
the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently associated with
cretinism, and is most common in mountainous regions,
especially in certain parts of Switzerland.
Goitered \Goi"tered\, Goitred \Goi"tred\, a.
Affected with goiter.
Goitrous \Goi"trous\, a. [F. go[^i]treux, L. gutturosus. See
{Goiter}.]
Pertaining to the goiter; affected with the goiter; of the
nature of goiter or bronchocele.
Let me not be understood as insinuating that the
inhabitants in general are either goitrous or idiots.
--W. Coxe.
Gold \Gold\ (g[=o]ld), Golde \Golde\, Goolde \Goolde\
(g[=oo]ld), n. (Bot.)
An old English name of some yellow flower, -- the marigold
({Calendula}), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps
the turnsole.
Gold \Gold\ (g[=o]ld), n. [AS. gold; akin to D. goud, OS. & G.
gold, Icel. gull, Sw. & Dan. guld, Goth. gul[thorn], Russ. &
OSlav. zlato; prob. akin to E. yellow. [root]49, 234. See
{Yellow}, and cf. {Gild}, v. t.]
1. (Chem.) A metallic element, constituting the most precious
metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It
has a characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest
substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and
very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by
heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore
well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au
(Aurum). Atomic weight 196.7.
Note: Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of
silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver
increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific
gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in
the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity.
It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in
slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial
soil, resulting from the disintegration of such rocks.
It also occurs associated with other metallic
substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined
with tellurium in the minerals petzite, calaverite,
sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use,
and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the
latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See
{Carat}.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the
pigment purple of Cassius, and in the chloride, which
is used as a toning agent in photography.
2. Money; riches; wealth.
For me, the gold of France did not seduce. --Shak.
3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower
tipped with gold.
4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of
gold. --Shak.
{Age of gold}. See {Golden age}, under {Golden}.
{Dutch gold}, {Fool's gold}, {Gold dust}, etc. See under
{Dutch}, {Dust}, etc.
{Gold amalgam}, a mineral, found in Columbia and California,
composed of gold and mercury.
{Gold beater}, one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold
leaf.
{Gold beater's skin}, the prepared outside membrane of the
large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves
of metal during the process of gold-beating.
{Gold beetle} (Zo["o]l.), any small gold-colored beetle of
the family {Chrysomelid[ae]}; -- called also {golden
beetle}.
{Gold blocking}, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book
cover, by means of an engraved block. --Knight.
{Gold cloth}. See {Cloth of gold}, under {Cloth}.
{Gold Coast}, a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa.
{Gold cradle}. (Mining) See {Cradle}, n., 7.
{Gold diggings}, the places, or region, where gold is found
by digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated
by washing.
{Gold end}, a fragment of broken gold or jewelry.
{Gold-end man}.
(a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry.
(b) A goldsmith's apprentice.
(c) An itinerant jeweler. ``I know him not: he looks like
a gold-end man.'' --B. Jonson.
{Gold fever}, a popular mania for gold hunting.
{Gold field}, a region in which are deposits of gold.
{Gold finder}.
(a) One who finds gold.
(b) One who empties privies. [Obs. & Low] --Swift.
{Gold flower}, a composite plant with dry and persistent
yellow radiating involucral scales, the {Helichrysum
St[oe]chas} of Southern Europe. There are many South
African species of the same genus.
{Gold foil}, thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and
others. See {Gold leaf}.
{Gold} {knobs or knoppes} (Bot.), buttercups.
{Gold lace}, a kind of lace, made of gold thread.
{Gold latten}, a thin plate of gold or gilded metal.
{Gold leaf}, gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and
used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil.
{Gold lode} (Mining), a gold vein.
{Gold mine}, a place where gold is obtained by mining
operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is
extracted by washing. Cf. {Gold diggings} (above).
{Gold nugget}, a lump of gold as found in gold mining or
digging; -- called also a {pepito}.
{Gold paint}. See {Gold shell}.
{Gold or Golden}, {pheasant}. (Zo["o]l.) See under
{Pheasant}.
{Gold plate}, a general name for vessels, dishes, cups,
spoons, etc., made of gold.
{Gold of pleasure}. [Name perhaps translated from Sp.
oro-de-alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus {Camelina},
bearing yellow flowers. {C. sativa} is sometimes
cultivated for the oil of its seeds.
{Gold shell}.
(a) A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up
with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use;
-- called also {gold paint}.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) A bivalve shell ({Anomia glabra}) of the
Atlantic coast; -- called also {jingle shell} and
{silver shell}. See {Anomia}.
{Gold size}, a composition used in applying gold leaf.
{Gold solder}, a kind of solder, often containing twelve
parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper.
{Gold stick}, the colonel of a regiment of English
lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions;
-- so called from the gilt rod presented to him by the
sovereign when he receives his commission as colonel of
the regiment. [Eng.]
{Gold thread}.
(a) A thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread
of silk, with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold.
--Ure.
(b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant ({Coptis trifolia}), so
called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in
marshy places in the United States.
{Gold tissue}, a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread.
{Gold tooling}, the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon
book covers, or the ornamental impression so made.
{Gold washings}, places where gold found in gravel is
separated from lighter material by washing.
{Gold worm}, a glowworm. [Obs.]
{Jeweler's gold}, an alloy containing three parts of gold to
one of copper.
{Mosaic gold}. See under {Mosaic}.
Gold-beaten \Gold"-beat`en\, a.
Gilded. [Obs.]
Gold-beating \Gold"-beat`ing\, n.
The art or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves,
by beating with a hammer. --Ure.
Gold-bound \Gold"-bound`\, a.
Encompassed with gold.
Goldcrest \Gold"crest`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European golden-crested kinglet ({Regulus cristatus}, or
{R. regulus}); -- called also {golden-crested wren}, and
{golden wren}. The name is also sometimes applied to the
American golden-crested kinglet. See {Kinglet}.
Goldcup \Gold"cup`\, n. (Bot.)
The cuckoobud.
Golden \Gold"en\, a. [OE. golden; cf. OE. gulden, AS. gylden,
from gold. See {Gold}, and cf. {Guilder}.]
1. Made of gold; consisting of gold.
2. Having the color of gold; as, the golden grain.
3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently
auspicious; as, golden opinions.
{Golden age}.
(a) The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of
manners in rural employments, followed by the silver,
bronze, and iron ages. --Dryden.
(b) (Roman Literature) The best part (B. C. 81 -- A. D.
14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when
Cicero, C[ae]sar, Virgil, etc., wrote. Hence:
(c) That period in the history of a literature, etc., when
it flourishes in its greatest purity or attains its
greatest glory; as, the Elizabethan age has been
considered the golden age of English literature.
{Golden balls}, three gilt balls used as a sign of a
pawnbroker's office or shop; -- originally taken from the
coat of arms of Lombardy, the first money lenders in
London having been Lombards.
{Golden bull}. See under {Bull}, an edict.
{Golden chain} (Bot.), the shrub {Cytisus Laburnum}, so named
from its long clusters of yellow blossoms.
{Golden club} (Bot.), an aquatic plant ({Orontium
aquaticum}), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow
flowers.
{Golden cup} (Bot.), the buttercup.
{Golden eagle} (Zo["o]l.), a large and powerful eagle
({Aquila Chrysa["e]tos}) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and
North America. It is so called from the brownish yellow
tips of the feathers on the head and neck. A dark variety
is called the {royal eagle}; the young in the second year
is the {ring-tailed eagle}.
{Golden fleece}.
(a) (Mythol.) The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken
from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to
Colchis, and in quest of which Jason undertook the
Argonautic expedition.
(b) (Her.) An order of knighthood instituted in 1429 by
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; -- called also
{Toison d'Or}.
{Golden grease}, a bribe; a fee. [Slang]
{Golden hair} (Bot.), a South African shrubby composite plant
with golden yellow flowers, the {Chrysocoma Coma-aurea}.
{Golden Horde} (Hist.), a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who
overran and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th
century.
{Golden Legend}, a hagiology (the ``Aurea Legenda'') written
by James de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the 13th
century, translated and printed by Caxton in 1483, and
partially paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus
entitled.
{Golden marcasite} tin. [Obs.]
{Golden mean}, the way of wisdom and safety between extremes;
sufficiency without excess; moderation.
Angels guard him in the golden mean. --Pope.
{Golden mole} (Zo["o]l), one of several South African
Insectivora of the family {Chrysochlorid[ae]}, resembling
moles in form and habits. The fur is tinted with green,
purple, and gold.
{Golden number} (Chronol.), a number showing the year of the
lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned from 1 to 19, and
is so called from having formerly been written in the
calendar in gold.
{Golden oriole}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Oriole}.
{Golden pheasant}. See under {Pheasant}.
{Golden pippin}, a kind of apple, of a bright yellow color.
{Golden plover} (Zo["o]l.), one of several species of
plovers, of the genus {Charadrius}, esp. the European ({C.
apricarius, or pluvialis}; -- called also {yellow,
black-breasted, hill, & whistling, plover}. The common
American species ({C. dominicus}) is also called
{frostbird}, and {bullhead}.
{Golden robin}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Baltimore oriole}, in Vocab.
{Golden rose} (R. C. Ch.), a gold or gilded rose blessed by
the pope on the fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some
church or person in recognition of special services
rendered to the Holy See.
{Golden rule}.
(a) The rule of doing as we would have others do to us.
Cf. --Luke vi. 31.
(b) The rule of proportion, or rule of three.
{Golden samphire} (Bot.), a composite plant ({Inula
crithmoides}), found on the seashore of Europe.
{Golden saxifrage} (Bot.), a low herb with yellow flowers
({Chrysosplenium oppositifolium}), blossoming in wet
places in early spring.
{Golden seal} (Bot.), a perennial ranunculaceous herb
({Hydrastis Canadensis}), with a thick knotted rootstock
and large rounded leaves.
{Golden sulphide, or sulphuret}, {of antimony} (Chem.), the
pentasulphide of antimony, a golden or orange yellow
powder.
{Golden warbler} (Zo["o]l.), a common American wood warbler
({Dendroica [ae]stiva}); -- called also {blue-eyed yellow
warbler}, {garden warbler}, and {summer yellow bird}.
{Golden wasp} (Zo["o]l.), a bright-colored hymenopterous
insect, of the family {Chrysidid[ae]}. The colors are
golden, blue, and green.
{Golden wedding}. See under {Wedding}.
Golden-eye \Gold"en-eye`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A duck ({Glaucionetta clangula}), found in Northern Europe,
Asia, and America. The American variety (var. Americana) is
larger. Called {whistler}, {garrot}, {gowdy}, {pied widgeon},
{whiteside}, {curre}, and {doucker}. Barrow's golden-eye of
America ({G. Islandica}) is less common.
Goden ly \God"en *ly\, adv.
In golden terms or a golden manner; splendidly; delightfully.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Golden-rod \Gold"en-rod`\, n. (Bot.)
A tall herb ({Solidago Virga-aurea}), bearing yellow flowers
in a graceful elongated cluster. The name is common to all
the species of the genus {Solidago}.
{Golden-rod tree} (Bot.), a shrub ({Bosea Yervamora}), a
native of the Canary Isles.
Goldfinch \Gold"finch`\, n. [AS. goldfinc. See {Gold}, and
{Finch}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A beautiful bright-colored European finch ({Carduelis
elegans}). The name refers to the large patch of yellow
on the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright
red; the nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; --
called also {goldspink}, {goldie}, {fool's coat},
{drawbird}, {draw-water}, {thistle finch}, and {sweet
William}.
(b) The yellow-hammer.
(c) A small American finch ({Spinus tristis}); the thistle
bird.
Note: The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp.
to several additional American species of {Spinus}.
Goldfinny \Gold"fin`ny\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of two or more species of European labroid fishes
({Crenilabrus melops}, and {Ctenolabrus rupestris}); --
called also {goldsinny}, and {goldney}.
Goldfish \Gold"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small domesticated cyprinoid fish ({Carassius
auratus}); -- so named from its color. It is native of
China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in
1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or
glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called also
{golden fish}, and {golden carp}. See {Telescope fish},
under {Telescope}.
(b) A California marine fish of an orange or red color; the
garibaldi.
Gold-hammer \Gold"-ham`mer\, n.
The yellow-hammer.
Goldie \Gold"ie\, n. [From {Gold}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European goldfinch.
(b) The yellow-hammer.
Goldilocks \Gold"i*locks`\, n.
Same as {Goldylocks}.
Goldin \Gold"in\, Golding \Gold"ing\, n. (Bot.) [From the golden
color of the blossoms.]
A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold
({Chrysanthemum segetum}). [This word is variously corrupted
into {gouland}, {gools}, {gowan}, etc.]
Goldless \Gold"less\, a.
Destitute of gold.
Goldney \Gold"ney\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Gilthead}.
Goldseed \Gold"seed`\, n. (Bot.)
Dog's-tail grass.
Goldsinny \Gold"sin`ny\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Goldfinny}.
Goldsmith \Gold"smith`\, n. [AS. goldsmi?. See {Gold}., and
{Smith}.]
1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc.,
of gold.
2. A banker. [Obs.]
Note: The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on
deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely.
{Goldsmith beetle} (Zo["o]l.), a large, bright yellow,
American beetle ({Cotalpa lanigera}), of the family
{Scarab[ae]id[ae]}
Goldtit \Gold"tit`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Verdin}.
Goldylocks \Gold"y*locks`\, n. (Bot.)
A plant of several species of the genus {Chrysocoma}; -- so
called from the tufts of yellow flowers which terminate the
stems; also, the {Ranunculus auricomus}, a kind of buttercup.
Golet \Go"let\, n.
The gullet. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Golet \Go"let\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A California trout. See {Malma}.
Golf \Golf\, n. [D. kolf club or bat, also a Dutch game played
in an inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. kolben
club, but end, Icel. k?lfr tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. kolf
bolt, dart, but end, Dan. kolv bolt, arrow. Cf. {Club},
{Globe}.]
A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at
the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series
of small holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole
with the fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.] --Strutt.
Golfer \Golf"er\, n.
One who plays golf. [Scot.]
Golgotha \Gol"go*tha\, n.
Calvary. See the Note under {Calvary}.
Goliard \Gol"iard\, n. [From OF. goliart glutton, buffoon,
riotous student, Goliard, LL. goliardus, prob. fr. L. gula
throat. Cf. {Gules}.]
A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables
to make sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs.
Goliardery \Gol"iard*er*y\, n.
The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards. --Milman.
Goliath beetle \Go*li"ath bee"tle\ [From Goliath, the Philistine
giant.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of {Goliathus}, a genus of very large and
handsome African beetles.
Goll \Goll\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A hand, paw, or claw. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson.
Goloe-shoe \Go*loe"-shoe`\, n.
A galoche.
Golore \Go*lore"\, n.
See {Galore}.
Goloshe \Go*loshe"\, n.
See {Galoche}.
Goltschut \Golt"schut\, n.
1. A small ingot of gold.
2. A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.
Golyardeys \Gol"yard*eys\, n.
A buffoon. See {Gollard}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Goman \Go"man\, n. [Prob. fr. good man; but cf. also AS. gumman
a man, OHG. gomman man, husband.]
A husband; a master of a family. [Obs.]
Gomarist \Go"mar*ist\, Gomarite \Go"mar*ite\, n. (Eccl.-Hist.)
One of the followers of Francis Gomar or Gomarus, a Dutch
disciple of Calvin in the 17th century, who strongly opposed
the Arminians.
Gombo \Gom"bo\, n.
See {Gumbo}.
Gome \Gome\, n. [AS. guma; akin to Goth. guma, L. homo. See
{Bridegroom}.]
A man. [Obs.] --P. Plowman.
Gome \Gome\, n. [Cf. Icel. gormr ooze, mud.]
The black grease on the axle of a cart or wagon wheel; --
called also {gorm}. See {Gorm}. [Prov. Eng.]
Gomer \Go"mer\, n.
A Hebrew measure. See {Homer}.
Gomer \Go"mer\, n. (Gun.)
A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy
ordnance, especially in mortars; -- named after the inventor.
Gommelin \Gom"me*lin\, n. [F. gommeline, from gomme gum.]
(Chem.)
See {Dextrin}.
Gomphiasis \Gom*phi"a*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? toothache or
gnashing of teeth, fr. ? a grinder tooth, from ? a bolt.]
(Med.)
A disease of the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall
out of their sockets.
Gomphosis \Gom*pho"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, prop., a bolting
together, fr. ? to fasten with bolts or nails, ? bolt, nail:
cf. F. gomphose.] (Anat.)
A form of union or immovable articulation where a hard part
is received into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the
jaws.
Gomuti \Go*mu"ti\, n. [Malayan gumuti.]
A black, fibrous substance resembling horsehair, obtained
from the leafstalks of two kinds of palms, {Metroxylon Sagu},
and {Arenga saccharifera}, of the Indian islands. It is used
for making cordage. Called also {ejoo}.
Gon \Gon\,
imp. & p. p. of {Go}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gonad \Gon"ad\, n.; pl. {Gonads}. [Gr. ? that which generates.]
(Anat.)
One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in
both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a
generative gland; a germ gland. --Wiedersheim.
Gonakie \Go"na*kie\, n. (Bot.)
An African timber tree ({Acacia Adansonii}).
Gonangium \Go`nan*gi"um\, n.; pl. L. {Gonangia}, E.
{Gonangiums}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? offspring + ? vessel.]
(Zo["o]l.)
See {Gonotheca}.
Gondola \Gon"do*la\, n. [It., dim. of gonda a gondola; cf. LL.
gandeia a kind of boat, Gr. ? a drinking vessel; said to be a
Persian word; cf. F. gondole gondola, cup.]
1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in
the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by
one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by
poling. A gondola for passengers has a small open cabin
amidships, for their protection against the sun or rain. A
sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be
painted black, and they are customarily so painted now.
2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight. [U. S.]
3. A long platform car, either having no sides or with very
low sides, used on railroads. [U. S.]
Gondolet \Gon"do*let\, n. [It. gondoletta, dim. of gondola.]
A small gondola. --T. Moore.
Gondolier \Gon`do*lier"\, n. [It. gondoliere: cf. F. gondolier.]
A man who rows a gondola.
Gone \Gone\,
p. p. of {Go}.
Goneness \Gone"ness\, n.
A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting
from hunger. [Colloq. U. S.]
Gonfalon \Gon"fa*lon\, Gonfanon \Gon"fa*non\, n. [OE. gonfanoun,
OF. gonfanon, F. gonfalon, the same word as F. confalon, name
of a religious brotherhood, fr. OHG. gundfano war flag; gund
war (used in comp., and akin to AS. g[=u][eth]) + fano cloth,
flag; akin to E. vane; cf. AS. g[=u][eth]fana. See {Vane},
and cf. {Confalon}.]
1. The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or
states, such as the medi[ae]val republics of Italy, and in
more recent times by the pope.
2. A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a
crosspiece or frame instead of from the staff or the mast
itself.
Standards and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear, Stream
in the air. --Milton.
Gonfalonier \Gon`fa*lon*ier"\, n. [F. gonfalonier: cf. It.
gonfaloniere.]
He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer; as:
(a) An officer at Rome who bears the standard of the Church.
(b) The chief magistrate of any one of several republics in
medi[ae]veal Italy.
(c) A Turkish general, and standard keeper.
Gong \Gong\, n. [AS. gong, gang, a going, passage, drain. See
{Gang}.]
A privy or jakes. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{Gong farmer}, {Gong man}, a cleaner of privies. [Obs.]
Gong \Gong\, n.
1. [Malayan (Jav.) g[=o]ng.] An instrument, first used in the
East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a
disk with upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a
harsh and resounding noise.
O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong.
--Longfellow.
2. (Mach.) A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a
small hammer which is connected with it by various
mechanical devices; a stationary bell, used to sound calls
or alarms; -- called also {gong bell}.
{Gong metal}, an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from
which Oriental gongs are made.
Goniatite \Go"ni*a*tite\, n. [Gr. ? angle.] (Paleon.)
One of an extinct genus of fossil cephalopods, allied to the
Ammonites. The earliest forms are found in the Devonian
formation, the latest, in the Triassic.
Gonidial \Go*nid"i*al\, a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia.
Gonidial \Go*nid"i*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; as, a gonidial
groove of an actinian.
Gonidium \Go*nid"i*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, dim. of ? angle.]
(Zool.)
A special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth
of many Anthozoa.
Gonidium \Go*nid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Gonidia}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? that
which generates.] (Bot.)
A component cell of the yellowish green layer in certain
lichens.
Gonimia \Go*nim"i*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? productive, fr. ?
that which generates.] (Bot.)
Bluish green granules which occur in certain lichens, as
{Collema}, {Peltigera}, etc., and which replace the more
usual gonidia.
Gonimous \Gon"i*mous\, a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that
part of a lichen which contains the green or
chlorophyll-bearing cells.
Goniometer \Go`ni*om"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? angle + -meter: cf. F.
goniom[`e]tre.]
An instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of
crystals, or the inclination of planes.
{Contact, or Hand}, {goniometer}, a goniometer having two
movable arms (ab, cd), between which (at ab) the faces of
the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed
point, which is the center of the graduated circle or
semicircle upon which the angle is read off.
{Reflecting goniometer}, an instrument for measuring the
angles of crystals by determining through what angular
space the crystal must be turned so that two rays
reflected from two surfaces successively shall have the
same direction; -- called also {Wollaston's goniometer},
from the inventor.
Goniometric \Go`ni*o*met"ric\, Goniometrical
\Go`ni*o*met"ric*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer;
trigonometric.
Goniometry \Go`ni*om"e*try\, n. [Cf. F. goniom['e]trie.] (Math.)
The art of measuring angles; trigonometry.
Gonoblastid \Gon`o*blas"tid\, n. [See {Gonoblastidium}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.
Gonoblastidium \Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Gonoblastidia}.
[NL., fr. Gr. ? offspring + ? to bud.] (Zo["o]l.)
A blastostyle.
Gonocalyx \Gon`o*ca"lyx\, n. [Gr. ? offspring + E. calyx,]
(Zo["o]l.)
The bell of a sessile gonozooid.
Gonochorism \Gon`o*cho"rism\, n. [Gr. ? offspring + ? to
separate.]
(a) Separation of the sexes in different individuals; --
opposed to hermaphroditism.
(b) In ontogony, differentiation of male and female
individuals from embryos having the same rudimentary
sexual organs.
(c) In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species
previously hermaphrodite or sexless.
Gonococcus \Gon`o*coc"cus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? semen, the
genitals + NL. & E. coccus.] (Med.)
A vegetable micro["o]rganism of the genus {Micrococcus},
occurring in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed by
some to constitute the cause of this disease.
Gonoph \Gon"oph\, n. [Perh. fr. Heb. gann[=a]bh thief.]
A pickpocket or thief. [Eng. Slang]
--Dickens.
Gonophore \Gon"o*phore\, n. [Gr. ? offspring, seed + ? to bear.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon
a hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa,
sometimes remaining attached. See {Hydroidea}, and
Illusts. of {Athecata}, {Campanularian}, and {Gonosome}.
2. (Bot.) A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and
carpels in a conspicuous manner.
Gonorrhea \Gon`or*rhe"a\, Gonorrhoea \Gon`or*rh[oe]"a\, n. [L.
gonorrhoea, Gr. ?; ? that which begets, semen, the genitals +
? to flow: cf. F. gonorrh['e]e.] (Med.)
A contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract,
affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and
characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination,
and chordee; clap.
Gonorrheal \Gon`or*rhe"al\, Gonorrhoeal \Gon`or*rh[oe]"al\, a.
(Med.)
Of or pertaining to gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal rheumatism.
Gonosome \Gon"o*some\, n. [Gr. ? offspring + -some body.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.
Gonotheca \Gon`o*the"ca\, n.; pl. {Gonothec?}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
offspring + ? box.] (Zo["o]l.)
A capsule developed on certain hydroids ({Thecaphora}),
inclosing the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or
gonophores are developed; -- called also {gonangium}, and
{teleophore}. See {Hydroidea}, and Illust. of
{Campanularian}.
Gonozooid \Gon`o*zo"oid\, n. [Gr. ? offspring + E. zooid.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore.
See {Hydroidea}, and Illust. of {Campanularian}.
Gonydial \Go*nyd"i*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's beak.
Gonys \Go"nys\, n. [Cf. {Genys}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The keel or lower outline of a bird's bill, so far as the
mandibular rami are united.
Goober \Goo"ber\, n.
A peanut. [Southern U. S.]
Good \Good\, a. [Compar. {Better}; superl. {Best}. These words,
though used as the comparative and superlative of good, are
from a different root.] [AS. G[=o]d, akin to D. goed, OS.
g[=o]d, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel. g[=o][eth]r, Sw. & Dan. god,
Goth. g[=o]ds; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together, and
akin to E. gather. [root]29 Cf. {Gather}.]
1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end
designed; promoting success, welfare, or happiness;
serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable;
commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive,
or troublesome, etc.
And God saw everything that he had made, and behold,
it was very good. --Gen. i. 31.
Good company, good wine, good welcome. --Shak.
2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious;
religious; -- said of persons or actions.
In all things showing thyself a pattern of good
works. --Tit. ii. 7.
3. Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite;
propitious; friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by
to or toward, also formerly by unto.
The men were very good unto us. --1 Sam. xxv.
15.
4. Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be
relied upon; -- followed especially by for.
All quality that is good for anything is founded
originally in merit. --Collier.
5. Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; -- followed
especially by at.
He . . . is a good workman; a very good tailor.
--Shak.
Those are generally good at flattering who are good
for nothing else. --South.
6. Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious;
valid; in a commercial sense, to be depended on for the
discharge of obligations incurred; having pecuniary
ability; of unimpaired credit.
My reasons are both good and weighty. --Shak.
My meaning in saying he is a good man is . . . that
he is sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond.
--Shak.
7. Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases in good earnest;
in good sooth.
Love no man in good earnest. --Shak.
8. Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable;
esp., in the phrases a good deal, a good way, a good
degree, a good share or part, etc.
9. Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.
Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and
running over. --Luke vi. 38.
10. Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied;
as in the phrases a good name, a good report, good
repute, etc.
A good name is better than precious ointment.
--Eccl. vii.
1.
{As good as}. See under {As}.
{For good}, or {For good and all}, completely and finally;
fully; truly.
The good woman never died after this, till she came
to die for good and all. --L'Estrange.
{Good breeding}, polite or polished manners, formed by
education; a polite education.
Distinguished by good humor and good breeding.
--Macaulay.
{Good cheap}, literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap.
{Good consideration} (Law).
(a) A consideration of blood or of natural love and
affection. --Blackstone.
(b) A valuable consideration, or one which will sustain a
contract.
{Good fellow}, a person of companionable qualities.
[Familiar]
{Good folk}, {or Good people}, fairies; brownies; pixies,
etc. [Colloq. Eng. & Scot.]
{Good for nothing}.
(a) Of no value; useless; worthless.
(b) Used substantively, an idle, worthless person.
My father always said I was born to be a good
for nothing. --Ld. Lytton.
{Good Friday}, the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches
as a fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or
suffering; the anniversary of the crucifixion.
{Good humor}, or {Good-humor}, a cheerful or pleasant temper
or state of mind.
{Good nature}, or {Good-nature}, habitual kindness or
mildness of temper or disposition; amiability; state of
being in good humor.
The good nature and generosity which belonged to his
character. --Macaulay.
The young count's good nature and easy
persuadability were among his best characteristics.
--Hawthorne.
{Good people}. See {Good folk} (above).
{Good speed}, good luck; good success; godspeed; -- an old
form of wishing success. See {Speed}.
{Good turn}, an act of kidness; a favor.
{Good will}.
(a) Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling.
(b) (Law) The custom of any trade or business; the
tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and
others, to resort to an established place of
business; the advantage accruing from tendency or
inclination.
The good will of a trade is nothing more than
the probability that the old customers will
resort to the old place. --Lord Eldon.
{In good time}.
(a) Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon nor
too late.
(b) (Mus.) Correctly; in proper time.
{To hold good}, to remain true or valid; to be operative; to
remain in force or effect; as, his promise holds good; the
condition still holds good.
{To make good}, to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to
supply (a defect or deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or
verify (an accusation); to prove to be blameless; to
clear; to vindicate.
Each word made good and true. --Shak.
Of no power to make his wishes good. --Shak.
I . . . would by combat make her good. --Shak.
Convenient numbers to make good the city. --Shak.
{To think good}, to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with;
to consider expedient or proper.
If ye think good, give me my price; and if not,
forbear. --Zech. xi.
12.
Note: Good, in the sense of wishing well, is much used in
greeting and leave-taking; as, good day, good night,
good evening, good morning, etc.
Good \Good\, n.
1. That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes
success, welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit,
excellent, kind, benevolent, etc.; -- opposed to evil.
There be many that say, Who will show us any good ?
--Ps. iv. 6.
2. Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity;
advantage; benefit; -- opposed to harm, etc.
The good of the whole community can be promoted only
by advancing the good of each of the members
composing it. --Jay.
3. pl. Wares; commodities; chattels; -- formerly used in the
singular in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive
name for almost all personal property as distinguished
from land or real property. --Wharton.
He hath made us spend much good. --Chaucer.
Thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice,
confiscate Unto the state of Venice. --Shak.
{Dress goods}, {Dry goods}, etc. See in the Vocabulary.
{Goods engine}, a freight locomotive. [Eng.]
{Goods train}, a freight train. [Eng.]
{Goods wagon}, a freight car [Eng.] See the Note under {Car},
n., 2.
Good \Good\, adv.
Well, -- especially in the phrase as good, with a following
as expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage
or as little harm as possible.
As good almost kill a man as kill a good book.
--Milton.
{As good as}, in effect; virtually; the same as.
They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as
good as bid ye suppress yourselves. --Milton.
Good \Good\, v. t.
1. To make good; to turn to good. [Obs.]
2. To manure; to improve. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Good-by \Good`-by"\, Good-bye \Good`-bye"\, n. or interj. [A
contraction of God be with ye (God be w[i^] ye, God bw' ye,
God bwye).]
Farewell; a form of address used at parting. See the last
Note under {By}, prep. --Shak.
Good-den \Good`-den"\, interj. [Corrupt. of good e'en, for good
evening.]
A form of salutation. [Obs.] --Shak.
Good-fellowship \Good`-fel"low*ship\, n.
Agreeable companionship; companionableness.
Goodgeon \Good"geon\, n. (Naut.)
Same as {Gudgeon}, 5.
Good-humored \Good`-hu"mored\, a.
Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-tempered. See
{Good-natured}.
Good-humoredly \Good`-hu"mored*ly\, adv.
With a cheerful spirit; in a cheerful or good-tempered
manner.
Goodish \Good"ish\, a.
Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable.
Goodish pictures in rich frames. --Walpole.
Goodless \Good"less\, a.
Having no goods. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Goodlich \Good"lich\, a.
Goodly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Goodliness \Good"li*ness\, n. [From {Goodly}.]
Beauty of form; grace; elegance; comeliness.
Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes. --Sir
P. Sidney.
Good-looking \Good"-look`ing\, a.
Handsome.
Goodly \Good"ly\, adv.
Excellently. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Goodly \Good"ly\, a. [Compar. {Goodlier}; superl. {Goodliest}.]
[OE. godlich, AS. g?dlic. See {Good}, and {Like}.]
1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.
We have many goodly days to see. --Shak.
2. Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; as,
a goodly person; goodly raiment, houses.
The goodliest man of men since born. --Milton.
3. Large; considerable; portly; as, a goodly number.
Goodly and great he sails behind his link. --Dryden.
Goodlyhead \Good"ly*head\, Goodlyhood \Good"ly*hood\n.
Goodness; grace; goodliness. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Goodman \Good"man\, n. [Good + man]
1. A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to ``My
friend'', ``Good sir'', ``Mister;'' -- sometimes used
ironically. [Obs.]
With you, goodman boy, an you please. --Shak.
2. A husband; the master of a house or family; -- often used
in speaking familiarly. [Archaic] --Chaucer.
Say ye to the goodman of the house, . . . Where is
the guest-chamber ? --Mark xiv.
14.
Note: In the early colonial records of New England, the term
goodman is frequently used as a title of designation,
sometimes in a respectful manner, to denote a person
whose first name was not known, or when it was not
desired to use that name; in this use it was nearly
equivalent to Mr. This use was doubtless brought with
the first settlers from England.
Good-natured \Good`-na"tured\, a.
Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.
Syn: {Good-natured}, {Good-tempered}, {Good-humored}.
Usage: Good-natured denotes a disposition to please and be
pleased. Good-tempered denotes a habit of mind which
is not easily ruffied by provocations or other
disturbing influences. Good-humored is applied to a
spirit full of ease and cheerfulness, as displayed in
one's outward deportment and in social intercourse. A
good-natured man recommends himself to all by the
spirit which governs him. A good-humored man
recommends himself particularly as a companion. A
good-tempered man is rarely betrayed into anything
which can disturb the serenity of the social circle.
Good-naturedly \Good`-na"tured*ly\, adv.
With maldness of temper.
Goodness \Good"ness\, n. [AS. g?dnes.]
The quality of being good in any of its various senses;
excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; as, the goodness
of timber, of a soil, of food; goodness of character, of
disposition, of conduct, etc.
Good now \Good" now"\
An exclamation of wonder, surprise, or entreaty. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Goods \Goods\, n. pl.
See {Good}, n., 3.
Goodship \Good"ship\, n.
Favor; grace. [Obs.] --Gower.
Good-tempered \Good`-tem"pered\, a.
Having a good temper; not easily vexed. See {Good-natured}.
Goodwife \Good"wife`\, n.
The mistress of a house. [Archaic] --Robynson (More's
Utopia).
Goody \Good"y\, n.; pl. {Goodies}.
1. A bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the pl.
[Colloq.]
2. (Zo["o]l.) An American fish; the lafayette or spot.
Goody \Good"y\, n.; pl. {Goodies}. [Prob. contr. from goodwife.]
Goodwife; -- a low term of civility or sport.
Gode-year \Gode"-year\, n. [See {Goujere}.]
The venereal disease; -- often used as a mild oath. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Goody-goody \Good"y-good`y\, a.
Mawkishly or weakly good; exhibiting goodness with silliness.
[Colloq.]
Goodyship \Good"y*ship\, n.
The state or quality of a goody or goodwife [Jocose]
--Hudibraus.
Gooroo \Goo*roo"\, Guru \Gu*ru"\, n. [Hind. gur? a spiritual
parent or teacher, Skr. guru heavy, noble, venerable,
teacher. Cf. {Grief}.]
A spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos.
--Malcom.
Goosander \Goos"an`der\, n. [OE. gossander, a tautological word
formed fr. goose + gander. Cf. {Merganser}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A species of merganser ({M. merganser}) of Northern Europe
and America; -- called also {merganser}, {dundiver},
{sawbill}, {sawneb}, {shelduck}, and {sheldrake}. See
{Merganser}.
Goose \Goose\ (g[=oo]s), n.; pl. {Geese} (g[=e]s). [OE. gos, AS.
g[=o]s, pl. g[=e]s; akin to D. & G. gans, Icel. g[=a]s, Dan.
gaas, Sw. g[*a]s, Russ. guse. OIr. geiss, L. anser, for
hanser, Gr. chh`n, Skr. ha[.m]sa. [root]233. Cf. {Gander},
{Gannet}, {Ganza}, {Gosling}.] (Zo["o]l.)
1. Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily {Anserin[ae]},
and belonging to {Anser}, {Branta}, {Chen}, and several
allied genera. See {Anseres}.
Note: The common domestic goose is believed to have been
derived from the European graylag goose ({Anser
anser}). The bean goose ({A. segetum}), the American
wild or Canada goose ({Branta Canadensis}), and the
bernicle goose ({Branta leucopsis}) are well known
species. The American white or snow geese and the blue
goose belong to the genus {Chen}. See {Bernicle},
{Emperor goose}, under {Emperor}, {Snow goose}, {Wild
goose}, {Brant}.
2. Any large bird of other related families, resembling the
common goose.
Note: The Egyptian or fox goose ({Alopochen [AE]gyptiaca})
and the African spur-winged geese ({Plectropterus})
belong to the family {Plectropterid[ae]}. The
Australian semipalmated goose ({Anseranas semipalmata})
and Cape Barren goose ({Cereopsis
Nov[ae]-Hollandi[ae]}) are very different from northern
geese, and each is made the type of a distinct family.
Both are domesticated in Australia.
3. A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle,
which resembles the neck of a goose.
4. A silly creature; a simpleton.
5. A game played with counters on a board divided into
compartments, in some of which a goose was depicted.
The pictures placed for ornament and use, The twelve
good rules, the royal game of goose. --Goldsmith.
{A wild goose chase}, an attempt to accomplish something
impossible or unlikely of attainment.
{Fen goose}. See under {Fen}.
{Goose barnacle} (Zo["o]l.), any pedunculated barnacle of the
genus {Anatifa} or {Lepas}; -- called also {duck
barnacle}. See {Barnacle}, and {Cirripedia}.
{Goose cap}, a silly person. [Obs.] --Beau. & .
{Goose corn} (Bot.), a coarse kind of rush ({Juncus
squarrosus}).
{Goose feast}, Michaelmas. [Colloq. Eng.]
{Goose flesh}, a peculiar roughness of the skin produced by
cold or fear; -- called also {goose skin}.
{Goose grass}. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus {Galium} ({G. Aparine}), a
favorite food of geese; -- called also {catchweed} and
{cleavers}.
(b) A species of knotgrass ({Polygonum aviculare}).
(c) The annual spear grass ({Poa annua}).
{Goose neck}, anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe, curved
like the neck of a goose; specially (Naut.), an iron hook
connecting a spar with a mast.
{Goose quill}, a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a
pen made from it.
{Goose skin}. See {Goose flesh}, above.
{Goose tongue} (Bot.), a composite plant ({Achillea
ptarmica}), growing wild in the British islands.
{Sea goose}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Phalarope}.
{Solan goose}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Gannet}.
Gooseberry \Goose"ber*ry\, n.; pl. {Gooseberries}, [Corrupted
for groseberry or groiseberry, fr. OF. groisele, F.
groseille, -- of German origin; cf. G. krausbeere,
kr["a]uselbeere (fr. kraus crisp), D. kruisbes, kruisbezie
(as if crossberry, fr. kruis cross; for kroesbes, kroesbezie,
fr. kroes crisp), Sw. krusb["a]r (fr. krus, krusing, crisp).
The first part of the word is perh. akin to E. curl. Cf.
{Grossular}, a.]
1. (Bot.) Any thorny shrub of the genus {Ribes}; also, the
edible berries of such shrub. There are several species,
of which {Ribes Grossularia} is the one commonly
cultivated.
2. A silly person; a goose cap. --Goldsmith.
{Barbadoes gooseberry}, a climbing prickly shrub ({Pereskia
aculeata}) of the West Indies, which bears edible berries
resembling gooseberries.
{Coromandel gooseberry}. See {Carambola}.
{Gooseberry fool}. See lst {Fool}.
{Gooseberry worm} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of a small moth
({Dakruma convolutella}). It destroys the gooseberry by
eating the interior.
Goosefish \Goose"fish`\, n. (Z["o]ll.)
See {Angler}.
Goosefoot \Goose"foot`\, n. (Bot.)
A genus of herbs ({Chenopodium}) mostly annual weeds;
pigweed.
Goosery \Goos"er*y\, n.; pl. {Gooseries}.
1. A place for keeping geese.
2. The characteristics or actions of a goose; silliness.
The finical goosery of your neat sermon actor.
--Milton.
Goosewing \Goose"wing`\, n. (Naut.)
One of the clews or lower corners of a course or a topsail
when the middle part or the rest of the sail is furled.
Goosewinged \Goose"winged`\, a. (Naut.)
(a) Having a ``goosewing.''
(b) Said of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel with foresail set on
one side and mainsail on the other; wing and wing.
Goosish \Goos"ish\, a.
Like a goose; foolish. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Goost \Goost\, n.
Ghost; spirit. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Goot \Goot\, n.
A goat. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Go-out \Go"-out`\, n.
A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting out the
land waters, when the tide is out. [Written also {gowt}.]
Gopher \Go"pher\, n. [F. gaufre waffle, honeycomb. See
{Gauffer}.] (Zo["o]l.)
1. One of several North American burrowing rodents of the
genera {Geomys} and {Thomomys}, of the family
{Geomyid[ae]}; -- called also {pocket gopher} and {pouched
rat}. See {Pocket gopher}, and {Tucan}.
Note: The name was originally given by French settlers to
many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the
earth.
2. One of several western American species of the genus
{Spermophilus}, of the family {Sciurid[ae]}; as, the gray
gopher ({Spermophilus Franklini}) and the striped gopher
({S. tridecemlineatus}); -- called also {striped prairie
squirrel}, {leopard marmot}, and {leopard spermophile}.
See {Spermophile}.
3. A large land tortoise ({Testudo Carilina}) of the Southern
United States, which makes extensive burrows.
4. A large burrowing snake ({Spilotes Couperi}) of the
Southern United States.
{Gopher drift} (Mining), an irregular prospecting drift,
following or seeking the ore without regard to regular
grade or section. --Raymond.
Gopher wood \Go"pher wood`\ [Heb. g[=o]pher.]
A species of wood used in the construction of Noah's ark.
--Gen. vi. 14.
Goracco \Go*rac"co\, n.
A paste prepared from tobacco, and smoked in hookahs in
Western India.
Goral \Go"ral\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An Indian goat antelope ({Nemorhedus goral}), resembling the
chamois.
Goramy \Go"ra*my\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Gourami}.
Gor-bellied \Gor"-bel`lied\, a.
Bog-bellied. [Obs.]
Gor-belly \Gor"-bel`ly\, n. [Gore filth, dirt + belly.]
A prominent belly; a big-bellied person. [Obs.]
Gorce \Gorce\, n. [OF. gort, nom. gorz, gulf, L. gurges
whirlpool, gulf, stream. See {Gorge}.]
A pool of water to keep fish in; a wear. [Obs.]
Gorcock \Gor"cock`\, n. [Prob. from gore blood.] (Zo["o]l.)
The moor cock, or red grouse. See {Grouse}. [Prov. Eng.]
Gorcrow \Gor"crow`\, n. [AS. gor dung, dirt. See {Gore} blood,
dirt.] (Zo["o]l.)
The carrion crow; -- called also {gercrow}. [Prov. Eng.]
Gord \Gord\, n. [Written also {gourd}.] [Perh. hollow, and so
named in allusion to a gourd.]
An instrument of gaming; a sort of dice. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Gordiacea \Gor`di*a"ce*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Gordian}, 1.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A division of nematoid worms, including the hairworms or hair
eels ({Gordius} and {Mermis}). See {Gordius}, and
Illustration in Appendix.
Gordian \Gor"di*an\, a.
1. Pertaining to Gordius, king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied
by him; hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable.
{Gordian knot}, an intricate knot tied by Gordius in the
thong which connected the pole of the chariot with the
yoke. An oracle having declared that he who should untie
it should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted
the ill omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it
with his sword. Hence, a Gordian knot is an inextricable
difficulty; and to cut the Gordian knot is to remove a
difficulty by bold and energetic measures.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Pertaining to the Gordiacea.
Gordian \Gor"di*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Gordiacea.
Gordius \Gor"di*us\, n. [NL. See {Gordian}, 1.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of long, slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in
insects until near maturity, when they leave the insect, and
live in water, in which they deposit their eggs; -- called
also {hair eel}, {hairworm}, and {hair snake}, from the
absurd, but common and widely diffused, notion that they are
metamorphosed horsehairs.
Gore \Gore\, n. [AS. gor dirt, dung; akin to Icel. gor, SW.
gorr, OHG. gor, and perh. to E. cord, chord, and yarn; cf.
Icel. g["o]rn, garnir, guts.]
1. Dirt; mud. [Obs.] --Bp. Fisher.
2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become
thick or clotted. --Milton.
Gore \Gore\, n. [OE. gore, gare, AS. g?ra angular point of land,
fr. g?r spear; akin to D. geer gore, G. gehre gore, ger
spear, Icel. geiri gore, geir spear, and prob. to E. goad.
Cf. {Gar}, n., {Garlic}, and {Gore}, v.]
1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc.,
sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at
a particular part.
2. A small traingular piece of land. --Cowell.
3. (Her.) One of the abatements. It is made of two curved
lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point.
Note: It is usually on the sinister side, and of the tincture
called tenn['e]. Like the other abatements it is a
modern fancy and not actually used.
Gore \Gore\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gored}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Goring}.] [OE. gar spear, AS. g?r. See 2d {Gore}.]
To pierce or wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a
pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab.
The low stumps shall gore His daintly feet.
--Coleridge.
Gore \Gore\, v. t.
To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide
with a gore; as, to gore an apron.
Gorebill \Gore"bill`\, n. [2d gore + bill.] (Zo["o]l.)
The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]
Gorfly \Gor"fly`\, n.; pl. {Gorflies}. [Gore (AS. gor) dung +
fly.] (Zo["o]l.)
A dung fly.
Gorge \Gorge\, n. [F. gorge, LL. gorgia, throat, narrow pass,
and gorga abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. gurgea whirlpool,
gulf, abyss; cf. Skr. gargara whirlpool, g[.r] to devour. Cf.
{Gorget}.]
1. The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food passes to
the stomach.
Wherewith he gripped her gorge with so great pain.
--Spenser.
Now, how abhorred! . . . my gorge rises at it.
--Shak.
2. A narrow passage or entrance; as:
(a) A defile between mountains.
(b) The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a
fort; -- usually synonymous with rear. See Illust. of
{Bastion}.
3. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or
other fowl.
And all the way, most like a brutish beast, e spewed
up his gorge, that all did him detest. --Spenser.
4. A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an
obstruction; as, an ice gorge in a river.
5. (Arch.) A concave molding; a cavetto. --Gwilt.
6. (Naut.) The groove of a pulley.
{Gorge circle} (Gearing), the outline of the smallest cross
section of a hyperboloid of revolution.
{Gorge hook}, two fishhooks, separated by a piece of lead.
--Knight.
Gorge \Gorge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gorged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gorging}.] [F. gorger. See {Gorge}, n.]
1. To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in
large mouthfuls or quantities.
The fish has gorged the hook. --Johnson.
2. To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate.
The giant gorged with flesh. --Addison.
Gorge with my blood thy barbarous appetite.
--Dryden.
Gorge \Gorge\, v. i.
To eat greedily and to satiety. --Milton.
Gorged \Gorged\, a.
1. Having a gorge or throat.
2. (Her.) Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck.
3. Glutted; fed to the full.
Gorgelet \Gor"ge*let\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small gorget, as of a humming bird.
Gorgeous \Gor"geous\, a. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain,
luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F.
gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. {Gorge},
n.]
Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine;
magnificent.
Cloud-land, gorgeous land. --Coleridge.
Gogeous as the sun at midsummer. --Shak.
-- {Gor"geous*ly}, adv. -- {Gor"geous*ness}, n.
Gorgerin \Gor`ge*rin"\, n. [F., fr. gorge neck.] (Arch.)
In some columns, that part of the capital between the
termination of the shaft and the annulet of the echinus, or
the space between two neck moldings; -- called also {neck of
the capital}, and {hypotrachelium}. See Illust. of {Column}.
Gorget \Gor"get\, n. [OF. gorgete, dim. of gorge throat. See
{Gorge}, n.]
1. A piece of armor, whether of chain mail or of plate,
defending the throat and upper part of the breast, and
forming a part of the double breastplate of the 14th
century.
2. A piece of plate armor covering the same parts and worn
over the buff coat in the 17th century, and without other
steel armor.
Unfix the gorget's iron clasp. --Sir W.
Scott.
3. A small ornamental plate, usually crescent-shaped, and of
gilded copper, formerly hung around the neck of officers
in full uniform in some modern armies.
4. A ruff worn by women. [Obs.]
5. (Surg.)
(a) A cutting instrument used in lithotomy.
(b) A grooved instrunent used in performing various
operations; -- called also {blunt gorget}.
--Dunglison.
6. (Zo["o]l.) A crescent-shaped, colored patch on the neck of
a bird or mammal.
{Gorget hummer} (Zo["o]l.), a humming bird of the genus
{Trochilus}. See {Rubythroat}.
Gorgon \Gor"gon\ (g[^o]r"g[o^]n), n. [L. Gorgo, -onis, Gr.
Gorgw`, fr. gorgo`s terrible.]
1. (Gr. Myth.) One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale,
and Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the
sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. The name is
particularly given to Medusa.
2. Anything very ugly or horrid. --Milton.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The brindled gnu. See {Gnu}.
Gorgon \Gor"gon\, a.
Like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face.
--Dryden.
Gorgonacea \Gor`go*na"ce*a\ (g[^o]r`g[-o]*n[=a]"sh[-e]*[.a]), n.
pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Gorgoniacea}.
Gorgonean \Gor*go"ne*an\ (g[^o]r*g[=o]"n[-e]*an), a.
See {Gorgonian}, 1.
Gorgoneion \Gor`go*ne"ion\ (g[^o]r`g[-o]*n[=e]"y[o^]n), n.; pl.
{Gorgoneia}. [NL., fr. Gr. Gorgo`neios, equiv. to Gorgei^os
belonging to a Gorgon.] (Arch.)
A mask carved in imitation of a Gorgon's head. --Elmes.
Gorgonia \Gor*go"ni*a\ (g[^o]r*g[=o]"n[i^]*[.a]), n. [L., a
coral which hardens in the air.] (Zo["o]l.)
1. A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive, but now
restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan
({Gorgonia flabellum}), sea plume ({G. setosa}), and other
allied species having a flexible, horny axis.
2. Any slender branched gorgonian.
Gorgoniacea \Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Gorgonia}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including those
forms which have a firm and usually branched axis, covered
with a porous crust, or c[oe]nenchyma, in which the polyp
cells are situated.
Note: The axis is commonly horny, but it may be solid and
stony (composed of calcium carbonate), as in the red
coral of commerce, or it may be in alternating horny
and stony joints, as in Isis. See {Alcyonaria},
{Anthozoa}, {C[oe]nenchyma}.
Gorgonian \Gor*go"ni*an\, a. [L. Gorgoneus.]
1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon; terrifying into
stone; terrific.
The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to
move. --Milton.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Pertaining to the Gorgoniacea; as, gorgonian
coral.
Gorgonian \Gor*go"ni*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Gorgoniacea.
Gorgonize \Gor"gon*ize\, v. t.
To have the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn into stone; to
petrify. [R.]
Gorhen \Gor"hen`\, n. [Gor- as in gorcock + hen.] (Zo["o]l.)
The female of the gorcock.
Gorilla \Go*ril"la\, n. [An African word; found in a Greek
translation of a treatise in Punic by Hanno, a Carthaginian.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large, arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is
larger than a man, and is remarkable for its massive skeleton
and powerful muscles, which give it enormous strength. In
some respects its anatomy, more than that of any other ape,
except the chimpanzee, resembles that of man.
Goring \Gor"ing\, or Goring cloth \Gor"ing cloth`\, n., (Naut.)
A piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.
Gorm \Gorm\, n.
Axle grease. See {Gome}. [Prov. Eng.]
Gorm \Gorm\, v. t.
To daub, as the hands or clothing, with gorm; to daub with
anything sticky. [Prov. Eng.]
Gorma \Gor"ma\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European cormorant.
Gormand \Gor"mand\, n. [F. gourmand; cf. Prov. F. gourmer to
sip, to lap, gourmacher to eat improperly, F. gourme mumps,
glanders, Icel. gormr mud, mire, Prov. E. gorm to smear,
daub; all perh. akin to E. gore blood, filth. Cf.
{Gourmand}.]
A greedy or ravenous eater; a {luxurious feeder}; {a
gourmand}.
Gormand \Gor"mand\, a.
Gluttonous; voracious. --Pope.
Gormander \Gor"mand*er\, n.
See {Gormand}, n. [Obs.]
Gormandism \Gor"mand*ism\, n.
Gluttony.
Gormandize \Gor"mand*ize\, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p.
{Gormandized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Gormandizing}.] [F.
gourmandise gluttony. See {Gormand}.]
To eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously
or like a glutton. --Shak.
Gormandizer \Gor"mand*i`zer\, n.
A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.
Goroon shell \Go*roon" shell`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell ({Triton
femorale}).
Gorse \Gorse\, n. [OE. & AS. gorst; perh. akin to E. grow,
grass.] (Bot.)
Furze. See {Furze}.
The common, overgrown with fern, and rough With prickly
gorse. --Cowper.
{Gorse bird} (Zo["o]l.), the European linnet; -- called also
{gorse hatcher}. [Prov. Eng.]
{Gorse chat} (Zo["o]l.), the winchat.
{Gorse duck}, the corncrake; -- called also {grass drake},
{land drake}, and {corn drake}.
Gory \Gor"y\, a. [From {Gore}.]
1. Covered with gore or clotted blood.
Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory
locks at me. --Shak.
2. Bloody; murderous. ``Gory emulation.'' --Shak.
Goshawk \Gos"hawk`\, n. [AS. g?shafuc, lit., goosehawk; or Icel.
g[=a]shaukr. See {Goose}, and {Hawk} the bird.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any large hawk of the genus {Astur}, of which many species
and varieties are known. The European ({Astur palumbarius})
and the American ({A. atricapillus}) are the best known
species. They are noted for their powerful flight, activity,
and courage. The Australian goshawk ({A.
Nov[ae]-Hollandi[ae]}) is pure white.
Gosherd \Gos"herd\, n. [OE. gosherde. See {Goose}, and {Herd} a
herdsman.]
One who takes care of geese.
Goslet \Gos"let\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of pygmy geese, of the genus
{Nettepus}. They are about the size of a teal, and inhabit
Africa, India, and Australia.
Gosling \Gos"ling\, n. [AS. g?s goose + -ling.]
1. A young or unfledged goose.
2. A catkin on nut trees and pines. --Bailey.
Gospel \Gos"pel\, n. [OE. gospel, godspel, AS. godspell; god God
+ spell story, tale. See {God}, and {Spell}, v.]
1. Glad tidings; especially, the good news concerning Christ,
the Kingdom of God, and salvation.
And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their
synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom.
--Matt. iv.
23.
The steadfast belief of the promises of the gospel.
--Bentley.
Note: It is probable that gospel is from. OE. godspel, God
story, the narrative concerning God; but it was early
confused with god spell, good story, good tidings, and
was so used by the translators of the Authorized
version of Scripture. This use has been retained in
most cases in the Revised Version.
Thus the literal sense [of gospel] is the
``narrative of God,'' i. e., the life of Christ.
--Skeat.
2. One of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus
Christ, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
3. A selection from one of the gospels, for use in a
religious service; as, the gospel for the day.
4. Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any system of
political doctrine or social philosophy; as, this
political gospel. --Burke.
5. Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly true; as,
they took his words for gospel. [Colloq.]
If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I
shall only ask him to read [OE]dipus, instead of
taking the traditional witticisms about Lee for
gospel. --Saintsbury.
Gospel \Gos"pel\, a.
Accordant with, or relating to, the gospel; evangelical; as,
gospel righteousness. --Bp. Warburton.
Gospel \Gos"pel\, v. t.
To instruct in the gospel. [Obs.] --Shak.
Gospeler \Gos"pel*er\, n. [AS. godspellere.] [Written also
{gospeller}.]
1. One of the four evangelists. --Rom. of R.
Mark the gospeler was the ghostly son of Peter in
baptism. --Wyclif.
2. A follower of Wyclif, the first English religious
reformer; hence, a Puritan. [Obs.] --Latimer.
The persecution was carried on against the gospelers
with much fierceness by those of the Roman
persuasion. --Strype.
3. A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the altar
during the communion service.
The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the
epistoler being the dean, and the gospeler the
Bishop of Sydney. --Pall Mall
Gazette.
Gospelize \Gos"pel*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gospelized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gospelizing}.] [Written also gospellize.]
1. To form according to the gospel; as, a command gospelized
to us. --Milton.
2. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to gospelize
the savages. --Boyle.
Goss \Goss\, n. [See {Gorse}.]
Gorse. [Obs.] --Shak.
Gossamer \Gos"sa*mer\, n. [OE. gossomer, gossummer, gosesomer,
perh. for goose summer, from its downy appearance, or perh.
for God's summer, cf. G. mariengarr gossamer, properly Mary's
yarn, in allusion to the Virgin Mary. Perhaps the E. word
alluded to a legend that the gossamer was the remnant of the
Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from her when she
was taken up to heaven. For the use of summer in the sense of
film or threads, cf. G. M["a]dchensommer, Altweibersommer,
fliegender Sommer, all meaning, gossamer.]
1. A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the
air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is
seen in stubble fields and on furze or low bushes, and is
formed by small spiders.
2. Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin waterproof
stuff.
3. An outer garment, made of waterproof gossamer.
{Gossamer spider} (Zo["o]l.), any small or young spider which
spins webs by which to sail in the air. See {Ballooning
spider}.
Gossamery \Gos"sa*mer*y\, a.
Like gossamer; flimsy.
The greatest master of gossamery affectation. --De
Quincey.
Gossan \Gos"san\, n. (Geol.)
Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous (owing to
oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic vein.
Gossaniferous \Gos`san*if"er*ous\, a. [Gossan + -ferous.]
Containing or producing gossan.
Gossat \Gos"sat\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small British marine fish ({Motella tricirrata}); -- called
also {whistler} and {three-bearded rockling}. [Prov. Eng.]
Gossib \Gos"sib\, n.
A gossip. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Spenser.
Gossip \Gos"sip\, n. [OE. gossib, godsib, a relation or sponsor
in baptism, a relation by a religious obligation, AS.
godsibb, fr. god + sib alliance, relation; akin to G. sippe,
Goth. sibja, and also to Skr. sabh[=a] assembly.]
1. A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.
Should a great lady that was invited to be a gossip,
in her place send her kitchen maid, 't would be ill
taken. --Selden.
2. A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and customary
acquaintance. [Obs.]
My noble gossips, ye have been too prodigal. --Shak.
3. One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an
idle tattler.
The common chat of gossips when they meet. --Dryden.
4. The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.
Bubbles o'er like a city with gossip, scandal, and
spite. --Tennyson.
Gossip \Gos"sip\, v. t.
To stand sponsor to. [Obs.] --Shak.
Gossip \Gos"sip\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gossiped}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Gossiping}.]
1. To make merry. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. To prate; to chat; to talk much. --Shak.
3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.
Gossiper \Gos"sip*er\, n.
One given to gossip. --Beaconsfield.
Gossiprede \Gos"sip*rede\, n. [Cf. {Kindred}.]
The relationship between a person and his sponsors. [Obs.]
Gossipry \Gos"sip*ry\, n.
1. Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special
intimacy. --Bale.
2. Idle talk; gossip. --Mrs. Browning.
Gossipy \Gos"sip*y\, a.
Full of, or given to, gossip.
Gossoon \Gos*soon"\, n. [Scot. garson an attendant, fr. F.
gar[,c]on, OF. gars.]
A boy; a servant. [Ireland]
Gossypium \Gos*syp"i*um\, n. [NL., fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.]
(Bot.)
A genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The
species are much confused. {G. herbaceum} is the name given
to the common cotton plant, while the long-stapled sea-island
cotton is produced by {G. Barbadense}, a shrubby variety.
There are several other kinds besides these.
Got \Got\,
imp. & p. p. of {Get}. See {Get}.
Gote \Gote\, n. [Cf. LG. gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse; akin to
giessen to pour, shed, AS. ge['o]tan, and E. fuse to melt.]
A channel for water. [Prov. Eng.] --Crose.
Goter \Go"ter\, n.
a gutter. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Goth \Goth\, n. [L. Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr. ?]
1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt
between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the
Christian era, and who overran and took an important part
in subverting the Roman empire.
Note: Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of
Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining
regions), and came to be known as Ostrogoths and
Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former
inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube,
and the latter on this river generally. Some of them
took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence
were called Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to
Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are
sometimes styled Suiogoths.
2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude,
ignorant person. --Chesterfield.
Gothamist \Go"tham*ist\, n.
A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; -- so called from
Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant
blunders. --Bp. Morton.
Gothamite \Go"tham*ite\, n.
1. A gothamist.
2. An inhabitant of New York city. [Jocular] --Irving.
Gothic \Goth"ic\, a. [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]
1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude;
barbarous.
2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with
pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion
to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in
proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western
Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust. of
{Abacus}, and {Capital}.
Gothic \Goth"ic\, n.
1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of
that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the
4th century. See {Goth}.
Note: Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible
into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The
portion of this translaton which is preserved is the
oldest known literary document in any Teutonic
language.
2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.
Note: This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.
3. (Arch.) The style described in {Gothic}, a., 2.
Gothicism \Goth"i*cism\, n.
1. A Gothic idiom.
2. Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.
3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.
Gothicize \Goth"i*cize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gothicized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gothicizing}.]
To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.
Gothite \G["o]"thite\, or Goethite \Goe"thite\, n. [After the
poet G["o]the.] (Min.)
A hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals,
also massive, with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic
structure. The color varies from yellowish to blackish brown.
Gotten \Got"ten\,
p. p. of {Get}.
Gouache \Gouache\, n. [F., It. guazzo.]
A method of painting with opaque colors, which have been
ground in water and mingled with a preparation of gum; also,
a picture thus painted.
Goud \Goud\, n. [Cf. OF. gaide, F. gu[`e]de, fr. OHG. weit; or
cf. F. gaude weld. Cf. {Woad}.]
Woad. [Obs.]
Goudron \Gou`dron"\, n. [F., tar.] (Mil.)
a small fascine or fagot, steeped in wax, pitch, and glue,
used in various ways, as for igniting buildings or works, or
to light ditches and ramparts. --Farrow.
Gouge \Gouge\, n. [F. gouge. LL. gubia, guvia, gulbia, gulvia,
gulvium; cf. Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.]
1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for
scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood,
stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for
turning wood.
2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a
face which forms a curve.
3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves,
envelopes, etc. from leather, paper, etc. --Knight.
4. (Mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein
aud the solid vein. --Raymond.
5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge;
a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.
6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a
trickish person. [Slang, U. S.]
{Gouge bit}, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.
Bouge \Bouge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gouged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gouging}.]
1. To scoop out with a gouge.
2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out
the eye of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.]
Note: A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly
practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some
parts of the United States.
3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.]
Gouger \Gou"ger\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Plum Gouger}.
Gougeshell \Gouge"shell`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of the genus
{Vermetus}; also, the pinna. See {Vermetus}.
Goujere \Gou"jere\, n. [F. gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf.
{Good-year}.]
The venereal disease. [Obs.]
Gouland \Gou"land\, n.
See {Golding}.
Goulards extract \Gou*lard"s" ex"tract"\ [Named after the
introducer, Thomas Goulard, a French surgeon.] (Med.)
An aqueous solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a
lotion in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a cerate
containing this extract.
Gour \Gour\, n. [See {Giaour}.]
1. A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber. --Tylor.
2. (Zo["o]l.) See {Koulan}.
Goura \Gou"ra\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of large, crested ground pigeons of
the genus {Goura}, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent
islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon ({Goura Victoria}) and the
crowned pigeon ({G. coronata}) are among the beat known
species.
Gourami \Gou"ra*mi\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A very largo East Indian freshwater fish ({Osphromenus
gorami}), extensively reared in artificial ponds in tropical
countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many
unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce it into
Southern Europe. [Written also {goramy}.]
Gourd \Gourd\, n. [F. gourde, OF. cougourde, gouhourde, fr. L.
cucurbita gourd (cf. NPr. cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin
basket, E. corb. Cf. {Cucurbite}.]
1. (Bot.) A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the
melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order
{Cucurbitace[ae]}; and especially the bottle gourd
({Lagenaria vulgaris}) which occurs in a great variety of
forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for
bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.
2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd;
hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle. --Chaucer.
{Bitter gourd}, colocynth.
Gourd \Gourd\, n.
A false die. See {Gord}.
Gourd \Gourd\, Gourde \Gourde\ n. [Sp. gordo large.]
A silver dollar; -- so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc.
--Simmonds.
Gourdiness \Gourd"i*ness\, n. [From {Gourdy}.] (Far.)
The state of being gourdy.
Gourd tree \Gourd" tree"\ (Bot.)
A tree (the {Crescentia Cujete}, or calabash tree) of the
West Indies and Central America.
Gourdworm \Gourd"worm"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The fluke of sheep. See {Fluke}.
Gourdy \Gourd"y\, a. [Either fr. {gourd}, or fr. F. gourd
benumbed.] (Far.)
Swelled in the legs.
Gourmand \Gour"mand\, n. [F.]
A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See {Gormand}.
That great gourmand, fat Apicius --B. Jonson.
Gourmet \Gour`met"\ (g[=oo]r`m[asl]"), n. [F.]
A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an epicure.
Gournet \Gour"net\ (g[^u]r"n[e^]t), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A fish. See {Gurnet}.
Gout \Gout\ (gout), n. [F. goutte a drop, the gout, the disease
being considered as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.]
1. A drop; a clot or coagulation.
On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood. --Shak.
2. (Med.) A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms.
It consists in an inflammation of the fibrous and
ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always attacks
first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after which
it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended
with various sympathetic phenomena, particularly in the
digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as
the stomach, the intestines, etc. --Dunglison.
3. A disease of cornstalks. See {Corn fly}, under {Corn}.
{Gout stones}. See {Chalkstone}, n., 2.
Gout \Go[^u]t\ (g[=oo]), n. [F., fr. L. gustus taste. See
{Gusto}.]
Taste; relish.
Goutily \Gout"i*ly\, adv.
In a gouty manner.
Goutiness \Gout"i*ness\, n.
The state of being gouty; gout.
Goutweed \Gout"weed`\, Goutwort \Gout"wort`\n. [So called from
having been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.]
(Bot.)
A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe ({[AE]gopodium
Podagraria}); -- called also {bishop's weed}, {ashweed}, and
{herb gerard}.
Gouty \Gout"y\, a.
1. Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a gouty
person; a gouty joint.
2. Pertaining to the gout. ``Gouty matter.'' --Blackmore.
3. Swollen, as if from gout. --Derham.
4. Boggy; as, gouty land. [Obs.] --Spenser.
{Gouty bronchitis}, bronchitis arising as a secondary disease
during the progress of gout.
{Gouty concretions}, calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the
joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout.
{Gouty kidney}, an affection occurring during the progress of
gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of
urate of sodium.
Gove \Gove\ (g[=o]v), n. [Also {goaf}, {goof}, {goff}.]
A mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.] --Tusser.
Govern \Gov"ern\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Governed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Governing}.] [OF. governer, F. gouverner, fr. L.
gubernare to steer, pilot, govern, Gr. kyberna^n. Cf.
{Gubernatorial}.]
1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men,
either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to
regulate by authority. ``Fit to govern and rule
multitudes.'' --Shak.
2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to
manage; as, to govern the life; to govern a horse.
Govern well thy appetite. --Milton.
3. (Gram.) To require to be in a particular case; as, a
transitive verb governs a noun in the objective case; or
to require (a particular case); as, a transitive verb
governs the objective case.
Govern \Gov"ern\, v. i.
To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have the
control. --Dryden.
Governability \Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty\, n.
Governableness.
Governable \Gov"ern*a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. gouvernable.]
Capable of being governed, or subjected to authority;
controllable; manageable; obedient. --Locke.
Governableness \Gov"ern*a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being governable; manageableness.
Governal \Gov"ern*al\, Governail \Gov"ern*ail\, n. [Cf. F.
gouvernail helm, rudder, L. gubernaculum.]
Management; mastery. [Obs.] --Chaucer. --Spenser.
Governance \Gov"ern*ance\, n. [F. gouvernance.]
Exercise of authority; control; government; arrangement.
--Chaucer. --J. H. Newman.
Governante \Gov"ern*ante"\, n. [F. gouvernante. See {Govern}.]
A governess. --Sir W. Scott.
Governess \Gov"ern*ess\, n. [Cf. OF. governeresse. See
{Governor}.]
A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control
and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and
instruction of children, -- usually in their homes.
Governing \Gov"ern*ing\, a.
1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a
governing wind; a governing party in a state. --Jay.
2. (Gram.) Requiring a particular case.
Government \Gov"ern*ment\, n. [F. gouvernement. See {Govern}.]
1. The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the
administration of laws; control; direction; regulation;
as, civil, church, or family government.
2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state;
the established form of law.
That free government which we have so dearly
purchased, free commonwealth. --Milton.
3. The right or power of governing; authority.
I here resign my government to thee. --Shak.
4. The person or persons authorized to administer the laws;
the ruling power; the administration.
When we, in England, speak of the government, we
generally understand the ministers of the crown for
the time being. --Mozley & W.
5. The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as,
the governments of Europe.
6. Management of the limbs or body. --Shak.
7. (Gram.) The influence of a word in regard to construction,
requiring that another word should be in a particular
case.
Governmental \Gov"ern*men"tal\, a. [Cf. F. gouvernemental.]
Pertaining to government; made by government; as,
governmental duties.
Governor \Gov"ern*or\, n. [OE. governor, governour, OF.
governeor, F. gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler,
governor. See {Govern}.]
1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the
supreme executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or
magistrate; as, the governor of Pennsylvania. ``The
governor of the town.'' --Shak.
2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a
tutor; a guardian.
3. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman. [R.]
4. (Mach.) A contrivance applied to steam engines, water
wheels, and other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform
speed when the resistances and motive force are variable.
Note: The illustration shows a form of governor commonly used
for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding
on a rapidly revolving spindle (b), driven by the
engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed varies, by
the changing centrifugal force of two balls (c c) to
which it is connected by links (d d), the balls being
attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to the top of
the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle
valve or cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion
produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs
too slowly and a less supply when too fast.
{Governor cut-off} (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in
which the governor acts in such a way as to cause the
steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at points
of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed.
{Hydraulic governor} (Mach.), a governor which is operated by
the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.
Governor general \Gov"ern*or gen"er*al\
A governor who has lieutenant or deputy governors under him;
as, the governor general of Canada, of India.
Governorship \Gov"ern*or*ship\, n.
The office of a governor.
Gowan \Gow"an\, n. [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.]
1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.]
And pu'd the gowans fine. --Burns.
2. (Min.) Decomposed granite.
Gowany \Gow"an*y\, a.
Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.]
Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay. --Ramsay.
Gowd \Gowd\, n. [Cf. {Gold}.]
Gold; wealth. [Scot.]
The man's the gowd for a' that. --Burns.
Gowden \Gowd"en\, a.
Golden. [Scot.]
Gowdie \Gow"die\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Dragont}. [Scot.]
Gowdnook \Gowd"nook"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The saury pike; -- called also gofnick.
Gowk \Gowk\, v. t. [See {Gawk}.]
To make a, booby of one); to stupefy. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Gowk \Gowk\, n. [See {Gawk}.] (Zo["o]l.)
1. The European cuckoo; -- called also gawky.
2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.
Gowl \Gowl\, v. i. [OE. gaulen, goulen. Cf. {Yawl}, v. i.]
To howl. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Gown \Gown\, n. [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe,
akin to Ir. gunn, Gael. g[`u]n; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the
same origin.]
1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially:
(a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or
silk gown.
(b) The official robe of certain professional men and
scholars, as university students and officers,
barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace;
the dress of civil officers, in distinction from
military.
He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield.
--Dryden.
(c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a
dressing gown.
2. Any sort of dress or garb.
He comes . . . in the gown of humility. --Shak.
Gowned \Gowned\, p. a.
Dressed in a gown; clad.
Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape.
--Tennyson.
Gownsman \Gowns"man\, Gownman \Gown"man\, n.; pl. {-men} (-men).
One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or
lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university;
hence, a civilian, in distinction from a soldier.
Gozzard \Goz"zard\, n.
See {Gosherd}. [Prov. Eng.]
Graafian \Graaf"i*an\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de Graaf, a Dutch
physician.
{Graafian follicles} or vesicles, small cavities in which the
ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the
bursting of which they are discharged.
Graal \Graal\, n.
See Grail., a dish.
Grab \Grab\, n. [Ar. & Hind. ghur?b crow, raven, a kind of Arab
ship.] (Naut.)
A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three
masts.
Grab \Grab\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Grabbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grabbing}.] [Akin to Sw. grabba to grasp. Cf. {Grabble},
{Grapple}, {Grasp}.]
To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.
Grab \Grab\, n.
1. A sudden grasp or seizure.
2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of
raising them; -- specially applied to devices for
withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells
that are drilled, bored, or driven.
{Grab hag}, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles
which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a
small sum. [Colloq.]
{Grab game}, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a
purse or other piece of property. [Colloq.]
Grabber \Grab"ber\, n.
One who seizes or grabs.
Grabble \Grab"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Grabbled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Grabbling}.] [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.]
1. To grope; to feel with the hands.
He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a
grabbling and fumbling. --Selden.
2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to
grovel. --Ainsworth.
Grace \Grace\, n. [F. gr[^a]ce, L. gratia, from gratus beloved,
dear, agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. ? to rejoice, ? favor,
grace, Skr. hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf. {Grateful},
{Gratis}.]
1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition
to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege
conferred.
To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee.
--Milton.
2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as
distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His
mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of
acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor.
And if by grace, then is it no more of works. --Rom.
xi. 6.
My grace is sufficicnt for thee. --2 Cor. xii.
9.
Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound.
--Rom. v. 20.
By whom also we have access by faith into this grace
wherein we stand. --Rom. v.2
3. (Law)
(a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as
pardon.
(b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of
equitable relief through chancery.
4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it
means misfortune. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic
fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit.
He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good
grace to grace a gentleman. --Shak.
I have formerly given the general character of Mr.
Addison's style and manner as natural and
unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those
graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over
writing. --Blair.
6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness;
commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form.
Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and
secures them longer, than any thing else. --Hazlitt.
I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and
the grace of the gift. --Longfellow.
7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, sister
goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the
attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They
were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely,
Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the
inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to
wisdom, love, and social intercourse.
The Graces love to weave the rose. --Moore.
The Loves delighted, and the Graces played. --Prior.
8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and
formerly of the king of England.
How fares your Grace ! --Shak.
9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks. [Obs.]
Yielding graces and thankings to their lord
Melibeus. --Chaucer.
10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks
rendered, before or after a meal.
11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental notes or short passages, either
introduced by the performer, or indicated by the
composer, in which case the notation signs are called
grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc.
12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or decree of the
government of the institution; a degree or privilege
conferred by such vote or decree. --Walton.
13. pl. A play designed to promote or display grace of
motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one
player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of
each. Called also {grace hoop} or {hoops}.
{Act of grace}. See under {Act}.
{Day of grace} (Theol.), the time of probation, when the
offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted.
That day of grace fleets fast away. --I. Watts.
{Days of grace} (Com.), the days immediately following the
day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are
allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. In
Great Britain and the United States, the days of grace are
three, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants
being different.
{Good graces}, favor; friendship.
{Grace cup}.
(a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after
grace.
(b) A health drunk after grace has been said.
The grace cup follows to his sovereign's
health. --Hing.
{Grace drink}, a drink taken on rising from the table; a
grace cup.
To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the
custom of the grace drink, she having established it
as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till
grace was said was rewarded with a bumper. --Encyc.
Brit.
{Grace hoop}, a hoop used in playing graces. See {Grace}, n.,
13.
{Grace note} (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See {Appoggiatura}, and
def. 11 above.
{Grace stroke}, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace.
{Means of grace}, means of securing knowledge of God, or
favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc.
{To do grace}, to reflect credit upon.
Content to do the profession some grace. --Shak.
{To say grace}, to render thanks before or after a meal.
{With a good grace}, in a fit and proper manner grace fully;
graciously.
{With a bad grace}, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory
manner; ungraciously.
What might have been done with a good grace would at
least be done with a bad grace. --Macaulay.
Syn: Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy.
Usage: {Grace}, {Mercy}. These words, though often
interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar
meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is
spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy
is kindness or compassion to the suffering or
condemned. It was the grace of God that opened a way
for the exercise of mercy toward men. See {Elegance}.
Grace \Grace\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Graced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gracing}.]
1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.
Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.
--Pope.
We are graced with wreaths of victory. --Shak.
2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.
He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he
would in court. --Knolles.
3. To supply with heavenly grace. --Bp. Hall.
4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.
Graced \Graced\, a.
Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
--Shak.
Graceful \Grace"ful\, a.
Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy;
agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk, deportment,
speaker, air, act, speech.
High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode.
--Dryden.
-- {Grace"ful*ly}, adv. {Grace"ful*ness}, n.
Graceless \Grace"less\, a.
1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived
of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. ``In a
graceless age.'' --Milton.
2. Unfortunate. Cf. {Grace}, n., 4. [Obs.] --Chaucer. --
{Grace"less*ly}, adv. -- {Grace"less-ness}, n.
Gracile \Grac"ile\, Gracillent \Grac"il*lent\a. [L. gracilis,
gracilentus.]
Slender; thin. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Gracility \Gra*cil"i*ty\, n. [L. gracilitas; cf. F.
gracilit['e].]
State of being gracilent; slenderness. --Milman. ``Youthful
gracility.'' --W. D. Howells.
Gracious \Gra"cious\, a. [F. gracieux, L. gratiosus. See
{Grace}.]
1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love,. or
bestowing mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent;
merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor;
condescending; as, his most gracious majesty.
A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful. --Neh.
ix. 17.
So hallowed and so gracious in the time. --Shak.
2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful;
excellent.
Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . .
There was not such a gracious creature born. --Shak.
3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the
divine influence; as, gracious affections.
Syn: Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent;
benignant; merciful.
Graciously \Gra"cious*ly\, adv.
1. In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly. --Dryden.
2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Graciousness \Gra"cious*ness\, n.
Quality of being gracious.
Grackle \Grac"kle\, n. [Cf. L. graculus jackdaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of several American blackbirds, of the family
{Icterid[ae]}; as, the rusty grackle ({Scolecophagus
Carolinus}); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the
purple grackle ({Quiscalus quiscula}, or {Q.
versicolor}). See {Crow blackbird}, under {Crow}.
(b) An Asiatic bird of the genus {Gracula}. See {Myna}.
Gradate \Gra"date\, v. t. [See {Grade}.]
1. To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting,
etc.), so that they shall harmonize.
2. (Chem.) To bring to a certain strength or grade of
concentration; as, to gradate a saline solution.
Gradation \Gra*da"tion\, n., [L. gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See
{Grade}.]
1. The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly
arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in
ranks; as, the gradation of castes.
2. The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.
3. Any degree or relative position in an order or series.
The several gradations of the intelligent universe.
--I. Taylor.
4. (Fine Arts) A gradual passing from one tint to another or
from a darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or
drawing.
6. (Mus.) A diatonic ascending or descending succession of
chords.
Gradation \Gra*da"tion\, v. t.
To form with gradations. [R.]
Gradational \Gra*da"tion*al\, a.
By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to
gradation.
Gradatory \Grad"a*to*ry\, a. [See {Grade}.]
1. Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual.
Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on
their progress . . . could this gradatory apostasy
have been shown us. --A. Seward.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Suitable for walking; -- said of the limbs of
an animal when adapted for walking on land.
Gradatory \Grad"a*to*ry\, n. [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch.)
A series of steps from a cloister into a church.
Grade \Grade\, n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from
gradi to step, go. Cf. {Congress}, {Degree}, {Gradus}.]
1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order;
relative position or standing; as, grades of military
rank; crimes of every grade; grades of flour.
They also appointed and removed, at their own
pleasure, teachers of every grade. --Buckle.
2. In a railroad or highway:
(a) The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation
from a level surface to an inclined plane; -- usually
stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise
or fall in so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy
grade; a grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in
264.
(b) A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a
road; a gradient.
3. (Stock Breeding) The result of crossing a native stock
with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than
three fourths of the better blood, it is called high
grade.
{At grade}, on the same level; -- said of the crossing of a
railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they are
on the same level at the point of crossing.
{Down grade}, a descent, as on a graded railroad.
{Up grade}, an ascent, as on a graded railroad.
{Equating for grades}. See under {Equate}.
{Grade crossing}, a crossing at grade.
Grade \Grade\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Graded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grading}.]
1. To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size,
quality, rank, etc.
2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent,
as the line of a canal or road.
3. (Stock Breeding) To cross with some better breed; to
improve the blood of.
Gradely \Grade"ly\, a. [Cf. AS. grad grade, step, order, fr. L.
gradus. See {Grade}.]
Decent; orderly. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell. -- adv. Decently;
in order. [Prov. Eng.]
Grader \Grad"er\, n.
One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or
facilitated.
Gradient \Gra"di*ent\, a. [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step,
to go. See {Grade}.]
1. Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata.
--Wilkins.
2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination;
as, the gradient line of a railroad.
3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birds.
Gradient \Gra"di*ent\, n.
1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road;
grade.
2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a
portion of a way not level; a grade.
3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude,
or the curve which represents it; as, a thermometric
gradient.
{Gradient post}, a post or stake indicating by its height or
by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or
embankment, etc., at that spot.
Gradin \Gra"din\, Gradine \Gra*dine"\,n. [F. gradin, dim. of
grade. See {Grade}.] (Arch.)
Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the
like; a set raised over another. ``The gradines of the
amphitheeater.'' --Layard.
Gradine \Gra*dine"\, n. [F. gradine.]
A toothed chised by sculptors.
Grading \Grad"ing\, n.
The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of
bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired
level or grade.
Gradino \Gra*di"no\, n.; pl. {Gradinos}. [It.] (Arch.)
A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf.
{Superaltar}, and {Gradin}.
Gradual \Grad"u*al"\; a. [Cf; F. graduel. See {Grade}, and cf.
{Gradual}, n.]
Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as
in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly
progressive; slow; as, a gradual increase of knowledge; a
gradual decline.
Creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense,
reason, all summed up in man. --Milton.
Gradual \Grad"u*al\, n. [LL. graduale a gradual (in sense 1),
fr. L. gradus step: cf. F. graduel. See {Grade}, and cf.
{Grail} a gradual.]
1. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the
Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon
ascended the steps.
(b) A service book containing the musical portions of the
Mass.
2. A series of steps. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Graduality \Grad"u*al"i*ty\, n.
The state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Gradually \Grad"u*al*ly\, adv.
1. In a gradual manner.
2. In degree. [Obs.]
Human reason doth not only gradually, but
specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of
brutes. --Grew.
Gradualness \Grad"u*al*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or
gradation; slowness.
The gradualness of this movement. --M. Arnold.
The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which
strikes the simplest observer. --H. Drummond.
Graduate \Grad"u*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Graduated}p. pr. &
vb. n. {Graduating}.] [Cf. F. graduer. See {Graduate}, n.,
{Grade}.]
1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps,
grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a
scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.
2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in
a college or university, to admit, at the close of the
course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; as,
he was graduated at Yale College.
3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by
degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees
of; as, to graduate the heat of an oven.
Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts.
--Browne.
4. (Chem.) To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by
evaporation, as a fluid.
{Graduating engine}, a dividing engine. See {Dividing}
engine, under {Dividing}.
Graduate \Grad"u*ate\, v. i.
1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as,
sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes
graduates into quartz.
2. (Zo["o]l.) To taper, as the tail of certain birds.
3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a
graduate; to receive a diploma.
He graduated at Oxford. --Latham.
He was brought to their bar and asked where he had
graduated. --Macaulay.
Graduate \Grad"u*ate\, n. [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to
admit to a degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See {Grade}, n.]
1. One who has received an academical or professional degree;
one who has completed the prescribed course of study in
any school or institution of learning.
2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by
apothecaries and chemists. See under {Graduated}.
Graduate \Grad"u*ate\, a. [See {Graduate}, n. & v.]
Arranged by successive steps or degrees; graduated.
Beginning with the genus, passing through all the
graduate and subordinate stages. --Tatham.
Graduated \Grad"u*a"ted\, a.
1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into
grades.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Tapered; -- said of a bird's tail when the
outer feathers are shortest, and the others successively
longer.
{Graduated} {tube, bottle, cap, or glass}, a vessel, usually
of glass, having horizontal marks upon its sides, with
figures, to indicate the amount of the contents at the
several levels. -- {Graduated spring} (Railroads), a
combination of metallic and rubber springs.
Graduateship \Grad"u*ate*ship\, n.
State of being a graduate. --Milton.
Graduation \Grad"u*a"tion\, n. [LL. graduatio promotion to a
degree: cf. F. graduation division into degrees.]
1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated;
as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college;
graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the
graduation of a bird's tail, etc.
2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees
or quantity; a scale.
3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so
as to hasten its evaporation.
Graduator \Grad"u*a"tor\, n.
1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a
graduator of instruments.
2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into
small, regular intervals.
3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or
vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.
Gradus \Gra"dus\, n. [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to
Parnassus.]
A dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek
or Latin poetry.
He set to work . . . without gradus or other help. --T.
Hughes.
Graf \Graf\, n. [G. Cf. {-grave}.]
A German title of nobility, equivalent to earl in English, or
count in French. See {Earl}.
Graff \Graff\, n. [OE. grafe, greife, greive. Cf. {Margrave}.]
A steward; an overseer.
[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or
graff, and not the head, which is a title belonging
only to Christ. --John Knox.
Graff \Graff\ n. & v.
See {Graft}.
Graffage \Graff"age\, n. [Cf. Grave, n.]
The scarp of a ditch or moat. ``To clean the graffages.''
--Miss Mitford.
Graffer \Graf"fer\, n. [See Greffier.] (Law.)
a notary or scrivener. --Bouvier.
Graffiti \Graf*fi"ti\, n. pl. [It., pl. of graffito scratched]
Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of
ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at
Pompeii.
Graft \Graft\, n. [OE. graff, F. greffe, originally the same
word as OF. grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr. ?, ?, fr. ? to
write; prob. akin to E. carve. So named from the resemblance
of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. {Graphic},
{Grammar.}]
(a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another
tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it.
The two unite and become one tree, but the graft
determines the kind of fruit.
(b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot.
(c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation
of autoplasty.
Graft \Graft\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grafted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grafting}.] [F. greffer. See {Graft}, n.]
1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree;
to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to
insert a graft upon. [Formerly written {graff}.]
2. (Surg.) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in
a lesion so as to form an organic union.
3. To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to
bring about a close union.
And graft my love immortal on thy fame ! --Pope.
4. (Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing,
etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope-yarns.
Graft \Graft\, v. i.
To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into
another; to practice grafting.
Grafter \Graft"er\, n.
1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates
fruit by ingrafting.
2. An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.
3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for
grafting upon another tree. --Shak.
Grafting \Graft"ing\ n. 1. (Hort.) The act, art, or process of
inserting grafts.
2. (Naut.) The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring,
rope end, etc.
3. (Surg.) The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to
a denuded surface; autoplasty.
4. (Carp.) A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to
another.
{Cleft grafting} (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the
scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump
made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manaer that
its bark evenly joins that of the stock.
{Crown, or Rind, grafting}, a method of grafting which the
alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is
inserted the lower end of the scion cut slantwise.
{Saddle grafting}, a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft
is made in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and
the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit the cleft
in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise.
{Side grafting}, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut
quite across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of
a slender wedge, is thrust down inside of the bark of the
stock or stem into which it is inserted, the cut side of
the scion being next the wood of the stock.
{Skin grafting}. (Surg.) See {Autoplasty.}
{Splice grafting} (Hort.), a method of grafting by cutting
the ends of the scion and stock completely across and
obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the
same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut
surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying
or otherwise.
{Whip grafting}, tongue grafting, the same as splice
grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end
of both scion and stock, in the direction of the grain and
in the middle of the sloping surface, forming a kind of
tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each is
inserted in the slit of the other.
{Grafting scissors}, a surgeon's scissors, used in
rhinoplastic operations, etc.
{Grafting tool}.
(a) Any tool used in grafting.
(b) A very strong curved spade used in digging canals.
{Grafting wax}, a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc.,
used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.
Graham bread \Gra"ham bread"\ [From Sylvester Graham, a lecturer
on dietetics.]
Bread made of unbolted wheat flour. [U. S.] --Bartlett.
Grahamite \Gra"ham*ite\, n. [See {Graham bread}.]
One who follows the dietetic system of Graham. [U. S.]
Grail \Grail\, n. [OF. greel, LL. gradale. See {Gradual}, n.]
A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual.
[Obs.] --T. Warton.
Such as antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals,
etc. --Strype.
Grail \Grail\, n. [OF. graal, greal, greet, F. graal, gr?al, LL.
gradalis, gradale, prob. derived fr. L. crater bowl, mixing
vessel, Gr. krath`r. See {Crater.}]
A broad, open dish; a chalice; -- only used of the Holy
Grail.
Note: The Holy Grail, according to some legends of the Middle
Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the
wine at the last supper; and according to others, the
platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the
last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup, according
to the legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure
and holy person, would be borne away and vanish from
the sight. The quest of the Holy Grail was to be
undertaken only by a knight who was perfectly chaste in
thought, word, and act.
Grail \Grail\, n. [F. gr[^e]le hail, from gr['E]s grit, OHG.
griex, grioz, G. gries, gravel, grit. See {Grit.}]
Small particles of earth; gravel. [Obs.]
Lying down upon the sandy grail. --Spenser.
Grail \Grail\, n. [Cf. OF. graite slender, F. gr[^e]te.]
One of the small feathers of a hawk.
Graille \Graille\, n. [Cf. F. gr[^e]le a sort of file.]
A halfround single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face
and one straight face, -- used by comb makers. --Knight.
Grain \Grain\, v. & n.
See {Groan.} [Obs.]
Grain \Grain\, n. [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small
kernel, small particle. See {Corn}, and cf. {Garner}, n.,
{Garnet}, {Gram} the chick-pea, {Granule}, {Kernel.}]
1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those
plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.
2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food
of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants
themselves; -- used collectively.
Storehouses crammed with grain. --Shak.
3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.;
hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a grain of
gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc.
I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved.
--Milton.
4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called
because considered equal to the average of grains taken
from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains
constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the
pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See {Gram.}
5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes;
hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson,
scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent
to {Tyrian purple}.
All in a robe of darkest grain. --Milton.
Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped
their silks in colors of less value, then give' them
the last tincture of crimson in grain. --Quoted by
Coleridge,
preface to
Aids to
Reflection.
6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement
of the particles of any body which determines its
comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble,
sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain.
Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. --Dryden.
7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in
wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.
Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the
sound pine and divert his grain Tortive and errant
from his course of growth. --Shak.
8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any
fibrous material.
9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on
that side. --Knight.
10. pl. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or
distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called {draff.}
11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in
the common dock. See {Grained}, a., 4.
12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.]
Brothers . . . not united in grain. --Hayward.
13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.]
He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet.
--Chaucer.
{Against the grain}, against or across the direction of the
fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes;
unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty.
--Swift.--Saintsbury.
{A grain of allowance}, a slight indulgence or latitude a
small allowance.
{Grain binder}, an attachment to a harvester for binding the
grain into sheaves.
{Grain colors}, dyes made from the coccus or kermes in sect.
{Grain leather}.
(a) Dressed horse hides.
(b) Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side
for women's shoes, etc.
{Grain moth} (Zo["o]l.), one of several small moths, of the
family {Tineid[ae]} (as {Tinea granella} and {Butalis
cerealella}), whose larv[ae] devour grain in storehouses.
{Grain side} (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which
the hair has been removed; -- opposed to {flesh side.}
{Grains of paradise}, the seeds of a species of amomum.
{grain tin}, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with
charcoal.
{Grain weevil} (Zo["o]l.), a small red weevil (Sitophilus
granarius), which destroys stored wheat and othar grain,
by eating out the interior.
{Grain worm} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of the grain moth. See
{grain moth}, above.
{In grain}, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate;
genuine. ``Anguish in grain.'' --Herbert.
{To dye in grain}, to dye of a fast color by means of the
coccus or kermes grain [see {Grain}, n., 5]; hence, to dye
firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material.
See under {Dye.}
The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce
crimson dyed in grain. --Spenser.
{To go against the grain of} (a person), to be repugnant to;
to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.
Grain \Grain\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grained}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Graining.}]
1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.
3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the
grain of (leather, etc.).
Grain \Grain\, v. i. [F. grainer, grener. See {Grain}, n.]
1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] --Gower.
2. To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as the
result of crystallization; to granulate.
Grain \Grain\, n. [See {Groin} a part of the body.]
1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.]
--G. Douglas.
2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically:
(a) One the branches of a valley or of a river.
(b) pl. An iron first speak or harpoon, having four or
more barbed points.
3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.
4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady
a core.
Grained \Grained\, a.
1. Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains;
showing the grain; hence, rough.
2. Dyed in grain; ingrained.
Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous
honesty, are but pale in goodness. --Sir T.
Browne.
3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood,
marble, etc.
4. (Bot.) Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the
petals or sepals of some flowers.
Grainer \Grain"er\, n.
1. An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize
the effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; --
called also {grains} and {bate.}
2. A knife for taking the hair off skins.
3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble,
etc.; also, the brush or tool used in graining.
Grainfield \Grain"field`\, n.
A field where grain is grown.
Graining \Grain"ing\, n.
1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins.
--Locke.
2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is
softened and the grain raised.
3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood,
atone, etc.
4. (Soap Making) The process of separating soap from spent
lye, as with salt.
Graining \Grain"ing\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); -
called also dobule, and dace.
Grains \Grains\, n. pl.
1. See 5th {Grain}, n., 2
(b) .
2. Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See {Grainer.} n., 1.
Grainy \Grain"y\, a.
Resembling grains; granular.
Graip \Graip\, n. [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.]
A dungfork. [Scot.] --Burns.
Graith \Graith\, v. t. [Obs.]
See {Greith.} --Chaucer.
Graith \Graith\, n.
Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling,
war, etc. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Grakle \Gra"kle\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Grackle.}
Grallae \Gral"l[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. grallae stilts, for
gradulae, fr. gradus. See {Grade.}] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of birds which formerly included all the waders. By
later writers it is usually restricted to the sandpipers,
plovers, and allied forms; -- called also {Grallatores.}
Grallatores \Gral"la*to"res\, n. pl. [NL. from L. grallator one
who runs on stilts.] (Zo”l.)
See {Grall[ae]}.
Grallatorial \Gral`la*to"ri*al\, Grallatory \Gral"la*to*ry\,a.
(Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders.
Grallic \Gral"lic\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the Grall[ae].
Gralline \Gral"line\ (l[imac]n), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Grall[ae].
Gralloch \Gral"loch\, n.
Offal of a deer. -- v. t. To remove the offal from (a deer).
-gram \-gram\ [Gr. ? a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr.
gra`fein to draw, write. See {Graphic.}]
A suffix indicating something drawn or written, a drawing,
writing; -- as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.
Gram \Gram\, a. [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. [root]35.]
Angry. [Obs.] --Havelok, the Dane.
Gram \Gram\, n. [Pg. gr?o grain. See {Grain.}] (Bot.)
The East Indian name of the chick-pea ({Cicer arietinum}) and
its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food.
Gram \Gram\, Gramme \Gramme\, n. [F. gramme, from Gr. ? that
which is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write.
See {Graphic.}]
The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to
be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a
vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum
density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See {Grain}, n., 4.
{Gram degree}, or {Gramme degree} (Physics), a unit of heat,
being the amount of heat necessary to raise the
temperature of one gram of pure water one degree
centigrade.
{Gram equivalent} (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal
which will replace one gram of hydrogen.
Grama grass \Gra"ma grass`\ [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.)
The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the
Western United States, esp. the {Bouteloua oligostachya}.
Gramarye \Gram"a*rye\, n. [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori,
grammar, magic, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire. See {Grammar.}]
Necromancy; magic. --Sir W. Scott.
Gramashes \Gra*mash"es\, n. pl. [See {Gamashes.}]
Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings.
Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Grame \Grame\, n. [See {Gram}, a.]
1. Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gramercy \Gra*mer"cy\, interj. [F. grand-merci. See {Grand}, and
{Mercy.}]
A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise;
many thanks.
Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight. --Spenser.
Graminaceous \Gram"i*na"ceous\, a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as,
graminaceous plants.
Gramineal \Gra*min"e*al\, a.
Gramineous.
Gramineous \Gra*min"e*ous\, a. [L. gramineus, fr. gramen,
graminis, grass.] (Bot.)
Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See {Grass}, n., 2.
Graminifolious \Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous\, a. [L. gramen, graminis,
grass + folium leaf.] (Bot.)
Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.
Graminivorous \Gram"i*niv"o*rous\, a. [L. gramen, graminis,
grass + vorare to eat greedily.]
Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of
horses, cattle, and other animals.
Grammalogue \Gram"ma*logue\, n. [Gr. gra`mma letter + lo`gos
word. Cf. {Logogram}.] (Phonography)
Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a logogram;
as, it, represented by |, that is, t. pitman.
Grammar \Gram"mar\, n. [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire
Prob. fr. L. gramatica Gr ?, fem. of ? skilled in grammar,
fr. ? letter. See {Gramme}, {Graphic}, and cf. {Grammatical},
{Gramarye}.]
1. The science which treats of the principles of language;
the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one
another; the art concerned with the right use aud
application of the rules of a language, in speaking or
writing.
Note: The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying
of words according to their function in the sentence.
--Bain.
2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or
according to established usage; speech considered with
regard to the rules of a grammar.
The original bad grammar and bad spelling.
--Macaulay.
3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book
containing the principles and rules for correctness in
speaking or writing.
4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as,
a grammar of geography.
{Comparative grammar}, the science which determines the
relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing
their grammatical forms.
{Grammar school}.
(a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek
grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory
to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby
Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in
England than in the United States.
When any town shall increase to the number of a
hundred families or householders, they shall set
up a grammar school, the master thereof being
able to instruct youth so far as they may be
fitted for the University. --Mass.
Records
(1647).
(b) In the American system of graded common schools an
intermediate grade between the primary school and the
high school, in which the principles of English
grammar are taught.
Grammar \Gram"mar\, v. i.
To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use
grammar. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Grammarian \Gram*ma"ri*an\, n. [Cf. F. grammairien.]
1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a
philologist.
Note: ``The term was used by the classic ancients as a term
of honorable distinction for all who were considered
learned in any art or faculty whatever.'' --Brande & C.
2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.
Grammarianism \Gram*ma"ri*an*ism\, n.
The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians.
[R.]
Grammarless \Gram"mar*less\, a.
Without grammar.
Grammates \Gram"mates\, n. pl. [From Gr. ? letters, written
rules.]
Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] --Ford.
Grammatic \Gram*mat"ic\, a.
Grammatical.
Grammatical \Gram*mat"ic*al\, a. [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis;
Gr. ? skilled in grammar, knowing one's letters, from ? a
letter: cf. F. grammatical. See {Grammar}.]
1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as,
a grammatical rule.
2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct;
as, the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is
not grammatical. --{Gram*mat"ic*al*ly}, adv. --
{Gram*mat"ic*al*ness}, n.
Grammaticaster \Gram*mat"icas"ter\, n. [LL.]
A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.
My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster. --B.
Jonson.
Grammatication \Gram*mat"i*ca"tion\, n.
A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule. [Obs.]
--Dalgarno.
Grammaticism \Gram*mat"i*cism\, n.
A point or principle of grammar. --Abp. Leighton.
Grammaticize \Gram*mat"i*cize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Grammaticized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Grammaticizing}.]
To render grammatical. --Fuller.
Grammatist \Gram"ma*tist\, n. [L. grammatista schoolmaster, Gr.
?, from ? to teach the letters, to be a scribe: cf. F.
grammatiste. See {Grammatical}.]
A petty grammarian. [R] --Tooke.
Gramme \Gramme\, n.
Same as Gram the weight.
Gramme machine \Gramme" ma*chine"\ (Elec.)
A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its
French inventor, M. Gramme. --Knight.
Grampus \Gram"pus\, n.; pl. {Grampuses}. [Probably corrupted
from It. gran pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran
peixe, all fr. L. grandis piscis. See {Grand}, and {Fish}.
the animal.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus
{Grampus}, esp. {G. griseus} of Europe and America, which
is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty
feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called
also {cowfish}. The California grampus is {G. Stearnsii}.
2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.]
Granade \Gra*nade"\, Granado \Gra*na"do\, n.
See {Grenade}.
Granadilla \Grana*dil"la\, n. [Sp., dim. of granada pomegranate.
See {Grenade}, {Garnet}.] (Bot.)
The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp.
{Passiflora quadrangularis}) found in Brazil and the West
Indies. It is as large as a child's head, and is a good
dessert fruit. The fruit of {Passiflora edulis} is used for
flavoring ices.
Granary \Gran"a*ry\, n.; pl. {Granaries}. [L. granarium, fr.
granum grain. See {Garner}.]
A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is
thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also (Fig.), a region
fertile in grain.
The exhaustless granary of a world. --Thomson.
Granate \Gran"ate\, n.
See {Garnet}.
Granatin \Gra*na"tin\, n. [L. granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.)
Mannite; -- so called because found in the pomegranate.
Granatite \Gran"a*tite\, n.
See {Staurolite}.
Grand \Grand\, a. [Compar. {Grander}; superl. {Grandest}.] [OE.
grant, grount, OF. grant, F. grand, fr. L. grandis; perh.
akin to gravis heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. {Grandee}.]
1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence,
relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand
mountain; a grand army; a grand mistake. ``Our grand foe,
Satan.'' --Milton.
Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand
commission. --Shak.
2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or
impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of
persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime
(said of things); as, a grand monarch; a grand lord; a
grand general; a grand view; a grand conception.
They are the highest models of expression, the
unapproached masters of the grand style. --M.
Arnold.
3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance
than other persons or things of the same name; as, a grand
lodge; a grand vizier; a grand piano, etc.
4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of
parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition;
as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc.
What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy
state, Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off From
their Creator. --Milton.
{Grand action}, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in
which special devices are employed to obtain perfect
action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string.
{Grand Army of the Republic}, an organized voluntary
association of men who served in the Union army or navy
during the civil war in the United States. The order has
chapters, called Posts, throughout the country.
{Grand cross}.
(a) The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the
Bath.
(b) A knight grand cross.
{Grand cordon}, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with
the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a
person who holds that grade.
{Grand days} (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms which are
observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery
(Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints'
Days); called also {Dies non juridici}.
{Grand duchess}.
(a) The wife or widow of a grand duke.
(b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own
right.
(c) In Russia, a daughter of the Czar.
{Grand duke}.
(a) A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the
Grand Duke of Tuscany.
(b) In Russia, a son of the Czar.
(c) (Zo["o]l.) The European great horned owl or eagle owl
({Bubo maximas}).
{Grand-guard}, or {Grandegarde}, a piece of plate armor used
in tournaments as an extra protection for the left
shoulder and breast.
{Grand juror}, a member of a grand jury.
{Grand jury} (Law), a jury of not less than twelve men, and
not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private
session, to examine into accusations against persons
charged with crime, and if they see just cause, then to
find bills of indictment against them, to be presented to
the court; -- called also {grand inquest}.
{Grand juryman}, a grand juror.
{Grand larceny}. (Law) See under {Larceny}.
{Grand lodge}, the chief lodge, or governing body, among
Freemasons and other secret orders.
{Grand master}.
(a) The head of one of the military orders of knighthood,
as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc.
(b) The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good
Templars, etc.
{Grand paunch}, a glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] --Holland.
{Grand pensionary}. See under {Pensionary}.
{Grand piano} (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in
which the wires or strings are generally triplicated,
increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced
in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of
the instrument.
{Grand relief} (Sculp.), alto relievo.
{Grand Seignior}. See under {Seignior}.
{Grand stand}, the principal stand, or erection for
spectators, at a, race course, etc.
{Grand vicar} (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical
delegate in France.
{Grand vizier}. See under {Vizier}.
Syn: Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated;
stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble.
Usage: Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to
objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the
mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent
is applied to anything which is imposing from its
splendor; sublime describes that which is awful and
elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and varied
landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is
sublime. ``Grandeur admits of degrees and
modifications; but magnificence is that which has
already reached the highest degree of superiority
naturally belonging to the object in question.''
--Crabb.
Grandam \Gran"dam\, n. [F. grande, fem. of grand + dame. See
{Grand}, and {Dame}.]
An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. --Shak.
Grandaunt \Grand"aunt"\, n. [Cf. F. grand'tante.]
The aunt of one's father or mother.
Grandchild \Grand"child"\, n.
A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of
descent.
Granddaughter \Grand"daugh"ter\, n.
The daughter of one's son or daughter.
Grandee \Gran*dee"\, n. [Sp. grande. See {Grand}.]
A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a
nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's
presence.
Grandeeship \Gran*dee"ship\, n.
The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. --H. Swinburne.
Grandeur \Gran"deur\, n. [F., fr. grand. See {Grand}.]
The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness;
splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity;
elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action.
Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . .
. allure mine eye. --Milton.
Syn: Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness.
See {Sublimity}.
Grandevity \Gran*dev"i*ty\, n. [L. grandaevitas.]
Great age; long life. [Obs.] --Glanvill.
Grandevous \Gran*de"vous\, a. [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+
aevum lifetime, age.]
Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] --Bailey.
Grand-ducal \Grand"-du"cal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a grand duke. --H. James.
Grandfather \Grand"fa"ther\, n.
A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree
above the father or mother in lineal ascent.
{Grandfather longlegs}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Daddy longlegs}.
Grandfatherly \Grand"fa"ther*ly\, a.
Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant;
indulgent.
He was a grandfatherly sort of personage. --Hawthorne.
Grandific \Gran*dif"ic\, a. [L. grandificus; grandis grand +
facere to make.]
Making great. [R.] --Bailey.
Grandiloquence \Gran*dil"o*quence\, n.
The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a
bad sense.
The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking. --Thackeray,
Grandiloquent \Gran*dil"o*quent\, a. [L. grandis grand + logui
to speak.]
Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.
Grandiloquous \Gran*dil"o*quous\, a. [L. grandiloquus; grandis
grand + loqui to apeak.]
Grandiloquent.
Grandinous \Gran"di*nous\, a. [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando,
grandinis, hail.]
Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] --Bailey.
Grandiose \Gran"di*ose"\, a. [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See
{Grand}.]
1. Impressive or elevating in effect; imposing; splendid;
striking; -- in a good sense.
The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept
down in order not to impair the grandiose effect of
the whole. --M. Arnold.
The grandiose red tulips which grow wild. --C.
Kingsley.
2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor;
flaunting; turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; as, a
grandiose style.
Grandiosity \Gran"di*os"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. grandiosit['e], It.
grandiosit[`a].]
The state or quality of being grandiose,
Grandity \Grand"i*ty\, n. [L. granditas: cf. OF. granit['e]. See
{Grand}.]
Grandness. [Obs.] --Camden.
Grandly \Grand"ly\, adv.
In a grand manner.
Grandma \Grand"ma"\, Grandmamma \Grand"mam*ma"\, n.
A grandmother.
Grand mercy \Grand" mer"cy\
See {Gramercy}. [Obs.]
Grandmother \Grand"moth"er\, n.
The mother of one's father or mother.
Grandmotherly \Grand"moth"er*ly\, a.
Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.
Grandnephew \Grand"neph"ew\, n.
The grandson of one's brother or sister.
Grandness \Grand"ness\, n.
Grandeur. --Wollaston.
Grandniece \Grand"niece"\, n.
The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.
Grandpa \Grand"pa"\, Grandpapa \Grand"pa*pa"\, n.
A grandfather.
Grandsire \Grand"sire"\, n. [OF. grantsire. See {Grand}, and
{Sire}.]
Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.
Grandson \Grand"son"\, n.
A son's or daughter's son.
Granduncle \Grand"un"cle\, n. [Cf. F. grand-oncle.]
A father's or mother's uncle.
Grane \Grane\, v. & n.
See {Groan}. [Obs.]
Grange \Grange\, n. [F. grange barn, LL. granea, from L. granum
grain. See {Grain} a kernel.]
1. A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.] --Milton.
2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for
farming purposes.
And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her
granges and her bernes wide. --Chaucer.
Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid.
--Tennyson.
3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes,
paid in grain, were deposited. [Obs.]
4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from
neighbors.
5. An association of farmers, designed to further their
interests, aud particularly to bring producers and
consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct
commercial relations, without intervention of middlemen or
traders. The first grange was organized in 1867. [U. S.]
Granger \Gran"ger\, n.
1. A farm steward. [Obs.]
2. A member of a grange. [U. S.]
Grangerism \Gran"ger*ism\, n. [So called from the Rev. James
Granger, whose ``Biographical History of England'' (1769) was
a favorite book for illustration in this manner.]
The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings
collected from other books.
Grangerite \Gran"ger*ite\, n.
One who collects illustrations from various books for the
decoration of one book.
Grangerize \Gran"ger*ize\, v. t. & i.
To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other
books. --G. A. Sala.
Graniferous \Gra*nif"er*ous\, a. [L. qranifer; granum grain +
ferre to bear: cf. F. granif[`e]re.]
Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. --Humble.
Graniform \Gran"i*form\, a. [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F.
graniforme.]
Formed like of corn.
Granilla \Gra*nil"la\, n. [Sp., small seed.]
Small grains or dust of cochineal or the coccus insect.
Granite \Gran"ite\, n. [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p.
of granire to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F.
granit. See {Grain}.] (Geol.)
A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar,
and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red
color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica in
planes, and therefore in being destitute of a schistose
structure.
Note: Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also
the {Note} under {Mica}.
{Gneissoid granite}, granite in which the mica has traces of
a regular arrangement.
{Graphic granite}, granite consisting of quartz and feldspar
without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged
in the transverse section like oriental characters.
{Porphyritic granite}, granite containing feldspar in
distinct crystals.
{Hornblende granite}, or
{Syenitic granite}, granite containing hornblende as well as
mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende
replacing the mica.
{Granite ware}.
(a) A kind of stoneware.
(b) A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling
granite.
Granite State \Gran"ite State\
New Hampshire; -- a nickname alluding to its mountains, which
are chiefly of granite. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Granitic \Gra*nit"ic\, a. [Cf. F. granitique.]
1. Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the
nature of granite; as, granitic texture.
2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains.
Granitical \Gra*nit"ic*al\, a.
Granitic.
Granitification \Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Granite + L. -ficare
(in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
The act or the process of forming into granite. --Humble.
Granitiform \Gra*nit"i*form\, a. [Granite + -form.] (Geol.)
Resembling granite in structure or shape.
Granitoid \Gran"i*toid\, a. [Granite + -oid: cf. F.
granito["i]de.]
Resembling granite in granular appearance; as, granitoid
gneiss; a granitoid pavement.
Granivorous \Gra*niv"o*rous\, a. [L. granum grain + vorare to
devour: cf. F. granivore.]
Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as, granivorous
birds.
--Gay.
Grannam \Gran"nam\, n.
A grandam. [Colloq.]
Granny \Gran"ny\, n.
A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman.
{Granny's bend}, or {Granny's knot} (Naut.), a kind of
insecure knot or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.
Granolithic \Gran`o*lith"ic\, n. [L. granum a grain (or E.
granite) + -lith + -ic.]
A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.
Grant \Grant\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Granted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Granting}.] [OE. graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter,
creanter, to promise, yield, LL. creantare to promise,
assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make believe, fr. L.
credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See {Creed},
{Credit}.]
1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the
possession or title of; to convey; -- usually in answer to
petition.
Grant me the place of this threshing floor. --1
Chrcn. xxi.
22.
2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation,
particularly in answer to prayer or request; to give.
Wherefore did God grant me my request. --Milton.
3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to
yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.
Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree.
--Dryden.
Syn: Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit;
allow; concede. See {Give}.
Grant \Grant\, v. i.
To assent; to consent. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Grant \Grant\, n. [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant,
promise, assurance. See {Grant}, v. t.]
1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring;
concession; allowance; permission.
2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute.
3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.
4. (Law) A transfer of property by deed or writing;
especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by the
government; as, a grant of land or of money; also, the
deed or writing by which the transfer is made.
Note: Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically
applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments,
expectant estates, and letters patent from government
and such is its present application in some of the
United States. But now, in England the usual mode of
transferring realty is by grant; and so, in some of the
United States, the term grant is applied to conveyances
of every kind of real property. --Bouvier. Burrill.
Grantable \Grant"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being granted.
Grantee \Gran*tee"\, n. (Law)
The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.
His grace will not survive the poor grantee he
despises. --Burke.
Granter \Grant"er\, n.
One who grants.
Grantor \Grant"or\, n. (Law)
The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.
Granular \Gran"u*lar\, a. [Cf. F. granulaire. See {Granule}.]
Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as, a granular
substance.
{Granular limestone}, crystalline limestone, or marble,
having a granular structure.
Granularly \Gran"u*lar*ly\, adv.
In a granular form.
Granulary \Gran"u*la*ry\, a.
Granular.
Granulate \Gran"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Granulated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Granulating}.] [See {Granule}.]
1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate
powder, sugar, or metal.
2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on
the surface.
Granulate \Gran"u*late\, v. i.
To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice
granulates into sugar.
Granulate \Gran"u*late\, Granulated \Gran"u*la`ted\, a.
1. Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in
grains; granular; as, granulated sugar.
2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen.
{Granulated steel}, a variety of steel made by a particular
process beginning with the granulation of pig iron.
Granulation \Gran`u*la"tion\, n. [Cf. F. granulation.]
1. The act or process of forming or crystallizing into
grains; as, the granulation of powder and sugar.
2. The state of being granulated.
3. (Med.)
(a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which
form on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and
are the efficient agents in the process of healing.
(b) The act or process of the formation of such
prominences.
Granule \Gran"ule\, n. [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf.
F. granule. See {Grain} a kernel.]
A little grain a small particle; a pellet.
Granuliferous \Gran`u*lif"er*ous\, a. [Granule + -ferous.]
Full of granulations.
Granuliform \Gra*nu"li*form\, a. [Granule + -form.] (Min.)
Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform
limestone.
Granulite \Gran"u*lite\, n. [From {Granule}.] (Geol.)
A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz
intimately mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and
leptynite.
Granulose \Gran"u*lose`\, n. [From {Granule}.] (Physiol. Chem.)
The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in
distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike
cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine, and is converted
into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic
ferments.
Granulous \Gran"u*lous\, a. [Cf. F. granuleux.]
Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular.
Grape \Grape\, n. [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes,
F. grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo
hook, G. krapfen, akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have
come from the idea of clutching. Cf. {Agraffe}, {Cramp},
{Grapnel}, {Grapple}.]
1. (Bot.) A well-known edible berry growing in pendent
clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are
smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in
great quantities for table use and for making wine and
raisins.
2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.
3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.
4. (Mil.) Grapeshot.
{Grape borer}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Vine borer}.
{Grape curculio} (Zo["o]l.), a minute black weevil
({Craponius in[ae]qualis}) which in the larval state eats
the interior of grapes.
{Grape flower}, or
{Grape hyacinth} (Bot.), a liliaceous plant ({Muscari
racemosum}) with small blue globular flowers in a dense
raceme.
{Grape fungus} (Bot.), a fungus ({Oidium Tuckeri}) on
grapevines; vine mildew.
{Grape hopper} (Zo["o]l.), a small yellow and red hemipterous
insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the
grapevine.
{Grape moth} (Zo["o]l.), a small moth ({Eudemis botrana}),
which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and
often binds them together with silk.
{Grape of a cannon}, the cascabel or knob at the breech.
{Grape sugar}. See {Glucose}.
{Grape worm} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of the grape moth.
{Sour grapes}, things which persons affect to despise because
they can not possess them; -- in allusion to [AE]sop's
fable of the fox and the grapes.
Grape fruit \Grape" fruit`\
The shaddock.
Grapeless \Grape"less\, a.
Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.
Grapery \Grap"er*y\, n.
A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.
Grapeshot \Grape"shot`\, n. (Mil.)
A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put
together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and
bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in
order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot
were inclosed in canvas bags.
Grapestone \Grape"stone`\, n.
A seed of the grape.
Grapevine \Grape"vine`\, n. (Bot.)
A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus {Vitis}, having small
green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called
{grapes}.
Note: The common grapevine of the Old World is {Vitis
vinifera}, and is a native of Central Asia. Another
variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly
called {Zante currants}. The northern {Fox grape} of
the United States is the {V. Labrusca}, from which, by
cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The
southern {Fox grape}, or {Muscadine}, is the {V.
vulpina}. The {Frost grape} is {V. cordifolia}, which
has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early
frosts.
-graph \-graph\ (-gr[.a]f) [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See
{Graphic}.] A suffix signifying something written, a writing;
also, a writer; as autograph, crystograph, telegraph,
photograph. Graphic \Graph"ic\ (gr[a^]f"[i^]k), Graphical
\Graph"ic*al\ (-[i^]*kal), a. [L. graphicus, Gr. grafiko`s, fr.
gra`fein to write; cf. F. graphique. See {Graft}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.
2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.
3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.
The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all
his works, not graphical, or composed of letters.
--Sir T.
Browne.
4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.
5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and
impressive description; vivid; as, a graphic writer.
{Graphic algebra}, a branch of algebra in which, the
properties of equations are treated by the use of curves
and straight lines.
{Graphic arts}, a name given to those fine arts which pertain
to the representation on a fiat surface of natural
objects; as distinguished from music, etc., and also from
sculpture.
{Graphic formula}. (Chem.) See under {Formula}.
{Graphic granite}. See under {Granite}.
{Graphic method}, the method of scientific analysis or
investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in
tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means of
curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather
by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the
hours of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding
degrees of temperature.
{Graphical statics} (Math.), a branch of statics, in which
the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are
represented by straight lines
{Graphic tellurium}. See {Sylvanite}.>
Graphically \Graph"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a graphic manner; vividly.
Graphicness \Graph"ic*ness\, Graphicalness \Graph"ic*al*ness\,
n.
The quality or state of being graphic.
Graphics \Graph"ics\, n.
The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according
to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the
like.
Graphiscope \Graph"i*scope\, n.
See {Graphoscope}.
Graphite \Graph"ite\, n. [Gr. gra`fein to write: cf. F.
graphite. See {Graphic}.] (Min.)
Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or
granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so
soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils
(improperly called lead pencils), for crucibles, and as a
lubricator, etc. Often called plumbago or black lead.
{Graphite battery} (Elec.), a voltaic battery consisting of
zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting
liquid.
Graphitic \Gra*phit"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling,
graphite.
{Graphitic acid} (Chem.), an organic acid, so called because
obtained by the oxidation of graphite; -- usually called
{mellitic acid}.
{Graphitic carbon}, in iron or steel, that portion of the
carbon which is present as graphite. --Raymond.
Graphitoid \Graph"i*toid\, Graphitoidal \Graph"i*toid"al\, a.
Resembling graphite or plumbago.
Grapholite \Graph"o*lite\, n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -lite:
cf. F. grapholithe.]
Any species of slate suitable to be written on.
Graphology \Gra*phol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -logy:
cf. F. graphologie.]
The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and
aptitude from his handwriting.
Graphoscope \Graph"o*scope\, n. [Gr. gra`fein to write +
-scope.]
An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs,
etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.
Graphotype \Graph"o*type\, n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -type.]
(Engraving)
A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so
that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc
is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the
design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the
surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully
rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.
-graphy \-gra*phy\ [Gr. ?, fr. ? write. See {Graphic}.]
A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the
writing or description itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy,
biography, geography.
Grapnel \Grap"nel\, n. [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the
grapple of a ship; of German origin. See {Grape}.] (Naut.)
A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to
hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed
to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; -- written also
grapline, and crapnel.
Grapple \Grap"ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grappled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Grappling}.] [F. grappiller, OF. graypil the grapple of a
ship, fr. graper to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German
origin. See {Grape}.]
1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close
quarters: as, to grapple an antagonist.
2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join
indissolubly.
The gallies were grappled to the Centurion.
--Hakluyt.
Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel.
--Shak.
Grapple \Grap"ple\, v. i.
To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's
self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize
one another.
{To grapple with}, to enter into contest with, resolutely and
courageously.
And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple
with the house of Lancaster. --Shak.
Grapple \Grap"ple\, n. [See Grapple, v. t., and cf. Crapple.]
1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's
hold. --Milton.
2.
(a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing
and holding fast to an object; a grab.
(b) (Naut.) A grappling iron.
The iron hooks and grapples keen. --Spenser.
{Grapple plant} (Bot.), a South African herb ({Herpagophytum
leptocarpum}) having the woody fruits armed with long
hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle,
causing intense annoyance.
{Grapple shot} (Life-saving Service), a projectile, to which
are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or
to hold in the ground; -- called also {anchor shot}.
Grapplement \Grapple*ment\, n.
A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Grappling \Grap"pling\, n.
1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is
seized and held, a grapnel.
2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in
grappling for the bear. --Dryden.
{Grappling iron}, a hooked iron used for grappling and
holding fast a vessel or other object.
{Grappling tongs}, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.
Grapsoid \Grap"soid\, a. [NL. Grapsus + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family {Grapsid[ae]}.
-- n. A grapsoid crab.
Graptolite \Grap"to*lite\, n. [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. ? is
engraved, written (gra`fein to write) + ? stone.] (Paleon.)
One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of
the genus {Graptolites} and allied genera, found in the
Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct group
({Graptolithina}) supposed to be hydroids.
Graptolitic \Grap"to*lit`ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as,
a graptolitic slate.
Grapy \Grap"y\, a.
Composed of, or resembling, grapes.
The grapy clusters. --Addison.
Grasp \Grasp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grasper}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Qraspine}.] [OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to
E. grope. Cf. {Grab}, {Grope}.]
1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the
fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of.
Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff. --Shak.
2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly
acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.
Grasp \Grasp\, v. i.
To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch;
to struggle; to strive.
As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by
strength subdued. --Shak.
{To grasp at}, to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander
grasped at universal empire,
Grasp \Grasp\, n.
1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or
infolding in the arms. ``The grasps of love.'' --Shak.
2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and
holding; as, it was beyond his grasp.
3. Forcible possession; hold.
The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp.
--Shak.
4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects
and hold them under survey.
The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not,
in power of grasp, equal to their predecessors. --Z.
Taylor.
5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.
Graspable \Grasp"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being grasped.
Graaper \Graap"er\, n.
One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.
Grasping \Grasp"ing\, a.
1. Seizing; embracing; catching.
2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as,
he is a grasping man. -- {Grasp"ing*ly}, adv. --
{Grasp"ing*ness}, n.
Graspless \Grasp"less\, a.
Without a grasp; relaxed.
From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious
pearls. --Coleridge.
Grass \Grass\, n. [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, gr[ae]s, g[ae]rs;
akin to OFries. gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras,
Dan. gr[ae]s, Sw. gr[aum]s, and prob. to E. green, grow. Cf.
{Graze}.]
1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food
of cattle and other beasts; pasture.
2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem
generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in
pairs, and the seed single.
Note: This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley,
etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which
are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses
form a numerous family of plants.
3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]
Two years old next grass. --Latham.
4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.
Surely the people is grass. --Is. xl. 7.
Note: The following list includes most of the grasses of the
United States of special interest, except cereals. Many
of these terms will be found with definitions in the
Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix.
Barnyard grass, for hay. South. {Panicum Grus-galli}. Bent,
pasture and hay. {Agrostis}, several species. Bermuda grass,
pasture. South. {Cynodon Dactylon}. Black bent. Same as {Switch
grass} (below). Blue bent, hay. North and West. {Andropogon
provincialis}. Blue grass, pasture. {Poa compressa}. Blue joint,
hay. Northwest. {Aqropyrum glaucum}. Buffalo grass, grazing.
Rocky Mts., etc.
(a) {Buchlo["e] dectyloides}.
(b) Same as {Grama grass} (below).
Bunch grass, grazing. Far West. {Eriocoma}, {Festuca}, {Stips},
etc. Chess, or Cheat, a weed. {Bromus secalinus}, etc. Couch
grass. Same as {Quick grass} (below). Crab grass,
(a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. {Panicum sanguinale}.
(b) Pasture and hay. South. {Eleusine Indica}. Darnel
(a) Bearded, a noxious weed. {Lolium temulentum}.
(b) Common. Same as {Rye grass} (below). Drop seed, fair
for forage and hay. {Muhlenbergia}, several species.
English grass. Same as Redtop (below). Fowl meadow
grass.
(a) Pasture and hay. {Poa serotina}.
(b) Hay, on moist land. {Gryceria nervata}. Gama grass,
cut fodder. South. {Tripsacum dactyloides}.
Grama grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. {Bouteloua
oligostachya}, etc. Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far
West. {Festuca scabrella}. Guinea grass, hay. South. {Panicum
jumentorum}. Herd's grass, in New England Timothy, in
Pennsylvania and South Redtop. Indian grass. Same as {Wood
grass} (below). Italian rye grass, forage and hay. {Lolium
Italicum}. Johnson grass, grazing aud hay. South and Southwest.
{Sorghum Halepense}. Kentucky blue grass, pasture. {Poa
pratensis}. Lyme grass, coarse hay. South. {Elymus}, several
species. Manna grass, pasture and hay. {Glyceria}, several
species. Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. {Festuca elatior}.
Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North. {Alopecurus
pratensis}. Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. {Poa}, several
species. Mesquite, or Muskit grass. Same as {Grama grass}
(above).
Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed. {Muhlenbergia diffsa}. Orchard
grass, pasture and hay. {Dactylis glomerata}. Porcupine grass,
troublesome to sheep. Northwest. {Stipa spartea}. Quaking grass,
ornamental. {Briza media} and {maxima}. Quitch, or Quick, grass,
etc., a weed. {Agropyrum repens}. Ray grass. Same as {Rye grass}
(below). Redtop, pasture and hay. {Agrostis vulgaris}.
Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest. {Poa tenuifolia}.
Reed canary grass, of slight value. {Phalaris arundinacea}. Reed
meadow grass, hay. North. {Glyceria aquatica}. Ribbon grass, a
striped leaved form of {Reed canary grass}. Rye grass, pasture,
hay. {Lolium perenne}, var. Seneca grass, fragrant basket work,
etc. North. {Hierochloa borealis}. Sesame grass. Same as {Gama
grass} (above). Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in
Northern Europe and Asia. {Festuca ovina}. Small reed grass,
meadow pasture and hay. North. {Deyeuxia Canadensis}. Spear
grass, Same as {Meadow grass} (above). Squirrel-tail grass,
troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest. {Hordeum
jubatum}. Switch grass, hay, cut young. {Panicum virgatum}.
Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. {Phleum pratense}.
Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. {Holcus lanatus}. Vernal
grass, pasture, hay, lawn. {Anthoxanthum odoratum}. Wire grass,
valuable in pastures. {Poa compressa}. Wood grass, Indian grass,
hay. {Chrysopogon nutans}.
Note: Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not
true grasses botanically considered, such as black
grass, goose grass, star grass, etc.
{Black grass}, a kind of small rush ({Juncus Gerardi}),
growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay.
{Grass of the Andes}, an oat grass, the {Arrhenatherum
avenaceum} of Europe.
{Grass of Parnassus}, a plant of the genus {Parnassia}
growing in wet ground. The European species is {P.
palustris}; in the United States there are several
species.
{Grass bass} (Zo["o]l.), the calico bass.
{Grass bird}, the dunlin.
{Grass cloth}, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the
grass-cloth plant.
{Grass-cloth plant}, a perennial herb of the Nettle family
({B[oe]hmeria nivea or Urtica nivea}), which grows in
Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and
strong fibers suited for textile purposes.
{Grass finch}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A common American sparrow ({Po["o]c[ae]tes
gramineus}); -- called also {vesper sparrow} and
{bay-winged bunting}.
(b) Any Australian finch, of the genus {Po["e]phila}, of
which several species are known.
{Grass lamb}, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land
and giving rich milk.
{Grass land}, land kept in grass and not tilled.
{Grass moth} (Zo["o]l.), one of many small moths of the genus
{Crambus}, found in grass.
{Grass oil}, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in
India from grasses of the genus {Andropogon}, etc.; --
used in perfumery under the name of {citronella}, {ginger
grass oil}, {lemon grass oil}, {essence of verbena} etc.
{Grass owl} (Zo["o]l.), a South African owl ({Strix
Capensis}).
{Grass parrakeet} (Zo["o]l.), any of several species of
Australian parrots, of the genus {Euphemia}; -- also
applied to the zebra parrakeet.
{Grass plover} (Zo["o]l.), the upland or field plover.
{Grass poly} (Bot.), a species of willowwort ({Lythrum
Hyssopifolia}). --Johnson.
{Crass quit} (Zo["o]l.), one of several tropical American
finches of the genus {Euetheia}. The males have most of
the head and chest black and often marked with yellow.
{Grass snake}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The common English, or ringed, snake ({Tropidonotus
natrix}).
(b) The common green snake of the Northern United States.
See {Green snake}, under {Green}.
{Grass snipe} (Zo["o]l.), the pectoral sandpiper ({Tringa
maculata}); -- called also {jacksnipe} in America.
{Grass spider} (Zo["o]l.), a common spider ({Agelena
n[ae]via}), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous
when covered with dew.
{Grass sponge} (Zo["o]l.), an inferior kind of commercial
sponge from Florida and the Bahamas.
{Grass table}. (Arch.) See {Earth table}, under {Earth}.
{Grass vetch} (Bot.), a vetch ({Lathyrus Nissolia}), with
narrow grasslike leaves.
{Grass widow}. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G.
strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gr["a]senka a grass widow.]
(a) An unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.]
(b) A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or
prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her
husband. [Slang.]
{Grass wrack} (Bot.) eelgrass.
{To bring to grass} (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the
surface of the ground.
{To put to grass}, {To put out to grass}, to put out to graze
a season, as cattle.
Grass \Grass\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grassed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grassing}.]
1. To cover with grass or with turf.
2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.
3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a
fish. [Colloq.]
Grass \Grass\, v. i.
To produce grass. [R.] --Tusser.
Grassation \Gras*sa"tion\, n. [L. grassatio, from grassari to go
about.]
A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. &
R.] --Feltham.
Grass-green \Grass"-green`\, a.
1. Green with grass.
2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.
Grass-grown \Grass"-grown`\, a.
Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road.
Grasshopper \Grass"hop`per\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the
families {Acridid[ae]} and {Locustid[ae]}. The species and
genera are very numerous. The former family includes the
Western grasshopper or locust ({Caloptenus spretus}),
noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region
beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the
red-legged ({Caloptenus femurrubrum} and {C. atlanis}) are
closely related species, but their ravages are less
important. They are closely related to the migratory
locusts of the Old World. See {Locust}.
Note: The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the
{Locustid[ae]}. They have long antenn[ae], large
ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the
wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper
({Locusta viridissima}) belongs to this family. The
common American green species mostly belong to
{Xiphidium}, {Orchelimum}, and {Conocephalus}.
2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the
escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out
and replaced with the key; -- called also the {hopper.}
--Grove.
{Grasshopper engine}, a steam engine having a working beam
with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the
other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate
point.
{Grasshopper lobster} (Zo["o]l.) a young lobster. [Local, U.
S.]
{Grasshopper warbler} (Zo["o]l.), cricket bird.
Grassiness \Grass"i*ness\, n. [From Grassy.]
The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state.
Grassless \Grass"less\, a.
Destitute of grass.
Grassplot \Grass"plot`\, n.
A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. ``Here on this
grassplot.'' --Shak.
Grass tree \Grass" tree"\ (Bot.)
(a) An Australian plant of the genus {Xanthorrh[oe]a}, having
a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous,
grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long
stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking
somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often
called ``blackboys'' from the large trunks denuded and
blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant
resin, called {Botany-bay gum}, and {Gum Acaroides}.
(b) A similar Australian plant ({Kingia australis}).
Grassy \Grass"y\a.
1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy
lawn. --Spenser.
2. Resembling grass; green.
Grate \Grate\, a. [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp.
grato. See Grace, and cf. Agree.]
Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] --Sir T. Herbert.
Grate \Grate\, n. [LL. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It.
grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.]
1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars,
with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used
ia the windows of prisons and cloisters. ``A secret grate
of iron bars.'' --Shak.
2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for
holding fuel while burning.
{Grate surface} (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of
the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.
Grate \Grate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grated}; p. pr. &. vb. n.
{Grating}.]
To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or
crossbars; as, to grate a window.
Grate \Grate\, v. t. [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter,
LL. gratare, cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazz[=o]n
G. kratzen, D. krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch.]
1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another,
causing a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to produce
(a harsh sound) by rubbing.
On their hinges grate Harsh thunder. --Milton.
2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything
rough or indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.
3. To fret; to irritate; to offend.
News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me. --Shak.
Grate \Grate\, v. i.
1. To make a harsh sound by friction.
I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry
wheel grate on the exletree. --Shak.
2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough
material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence;
To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by
oppression or importunity.
This grated harder upon the hearts of men. --South.
Grated \Grat"ed\, a. [From 2d {Grate}.]
Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows.
Grateful \Grate"ful\, a. [Grate, a. + full; cf. F. gr['e]
thanks, good will, fr. L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable,
grateful. See {Grate}, a.]
1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed
toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to
acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a
grateful heart.
A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays.
--Milton.
2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying;
delicious; as, a grateful present; food grateful to the
palate; grateful sleep.
Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine, And
grateful clusters swell. --Pope.
Syn: Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable;
welcome; delightful; delicious. -- {Grate"ful*ly}, adv.
-- {Grate"ful*ness}, n.
Grater \Grat"er\, a. [From Qrate, v.]
One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or
utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small
particles of any substance; as a grater for nutmegs.
Graticulation \Gra*tic"u*la"tion\, n. [F. graticulation,
craticulation, fr. graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr.
graticule, craticule, graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates
wickerwork. See 2d {Grate}.]
The division of a design or draught into squares, in order
the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller
dimensions.
Graticule \Grat"i*cule\, n. [F. See {Graticulation.}]
A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in
order to reproduce it in other dimensions.
Gratification \Grat"i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. gratificatio: cf. F.
gratification.]
1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the
taste, or the appetite; as, the gratification of the
palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires,
of the heart.
2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment;
fruition: delight.
3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. --Bp. Morton.
Glatified \Glat"i*fied\, a.
Pleased; indulged according to desire.
Syn: Glad; pleased. See {Glad.}
Gratifier \Grat"i*fi"er\, n.
One who gratifies or pleases.
Gratify \Grat"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gratified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Gratifying}.] [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus
pleasing + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to
indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the
senses, the desires, the mind, etc.
For who would die to gratify a foe? --Dryden.
2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.]
It remains . . . To gratify his noble service.
--Shak.
Syn: To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense.
Usage: To {Gratify}, {Indulge}, {Humor.} Gratify, is the
generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure
communicated. To indulge a person implies that we
concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses
which he could not claim, and which had better,
perhaps, be spared. To humor is to adapt ourselves to
the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others.
We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a
large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on
such an occasion; we humor him when he is tired and
exacting.
Grating \Grat"ing\, n. [See 2d Grate.]
1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars;
a latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating
of a prison or convent.
2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines
lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished
surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; --
called also {diffraction grating}.
3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a
hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice
used for the flooring of boats. [1913 Webster]
Grating \Grat"ing\, a. [See {Grate} to rub harshy.]
That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh. -- {Grat"ing*ly},
adv.
Grating \Grat"ing\, n.
A harsh sound caused by attrition.
Gratiolin \Gra*ti"o*lin\, n. (Chem.)
One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop
({Gratiola officinalis}).
Gratis \Gra"tis\, adv. [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or
kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor.
See {Grace.}]
For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.
Gratitude \Grat"i*tude\, n. [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from
gratus agreeable, grateful. See {Grate}, a.]
The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward
a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received;
thankfulness.
The debt immense of endless gratitude. --Milton.
Gratuitous \Gra*tu"i*tous\a. [L. gratuitus, from gratus
pleasing. See {Grate}, a., {Gratis.}]
1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred
without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or
without claim or merit; not required by justice.
We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for
the fruits of our own industry. --L'Estrange.
2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason,
cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good
ground; as, a gratuitous assumption.
Acts of gratuitous self-humiliation. --De Quincye.
-- {Gra*tu"i*tous*ly}, adv. -- {Gra*tu"i*tous*ness}, n.
Gratuity \Gra*tu"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Gtratuities}. [F. gratuit['e],
or LL. gratuitas.]
1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift;
a present. --Swift.
2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or
service, as a recompense or acknowledgment.
Gratulate \Grat"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grqatulated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gratulating}.] [L. gratulatus, p. p. of
gratulari to congratulate, fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable.
See {Grate}, a.]
To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.]
--Shak.
Gratulate \Grat"u*late\, a.
Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]
There's more behind that is more gratulate. --Shak.
Gratulation \Grat"u*la"tion\, n. [L. gratulatio.]
The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.
I shall turn my wishes into gratulations. --South.
Gratulatory \Grat"u*la*to*ry\, a. [L. gratulatorius.]
Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.
The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes. --Bp.
Horsley.
Graunt \Graunt\, v. & n. [Obs.]
See {Grant.} --Chaucer.
Grauwacke \Grau"wack*e\, n. [G.]
Graywacke.
Gravamen \Gra*va"men\, n.; pl. L. {Gravamina , E. {Gravamens}.
[L., fr. gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty.
See {Grave}, a.] (Law)
The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the
action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a
complaint. Bouvier.
-grave \-grave\
A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave,
margrave. See {Margrave.}
Grave \Grave\, v. t. (Naut.)
To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc.,
and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because graves or
greaves was formerly used for this purpose.
Grave \Grave\, a. [Compar. {Graver} (gr[=a]v"[~e]r); superl.
{Gravest.}] [F., fr. L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave
heavy, grave. See {Grief.}]
1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.]
His shield grave and great. --Chapman.
2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate;
serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave
deportment, character, influence, etc.
Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors. --Shak.
A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity.
--Milton.
3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color;
a grave face.
4. (Mus.)
(a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a
grave note or key.
The thicker the cord or string, the more grave
is the note or tone. --Moore
(Encyc. of
Music).
(b) Slow and solemn in movement.
{Grave accent}. (Pron.) See the Note under {Accent}, n., 2.
Syn: Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful;
sedate; weighty; momentous; important.
Usage: {Grave}, {Sober}, {Serious}, {Solemn.} Sober supposes
the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is
opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober thought. Serious
implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed
to jocose or sportive; as, serious and important
concerns. Grave denotes a state of mind, appearance,
etc., which results from the pressure of weighty
interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or
vivacity of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire.
Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is
carried to its highest point; as, a solemn admonition;
a solemn promise.
Grave \Grave\, v. t. [imp. {Graved} (gr[=a]vd); p. p. {Graven}
(gr[=a]v"'n) or {Graved}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Graving}.] [AS.
grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. greva, D.
graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan. grabe, Sw.
gr[aum]fva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to
write, E. graphic. Cf. {Grave}, n., {Grove}, n.]
1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.
He hath graven and digged up a pit. --Ps. vii. 16
(Book of
Common
Prayer).
2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard
substance; to engrave.
Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them
the names of the children of Israel. --Ex. xxviii.
9.
3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel;
to sculpture; as, to grave an image.
With gold men may the hearte grave. --Chaucer.
4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
O! may they graven in thy heart remain. --Prior.
5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground. --Shak.
Grave \Grave\, v. i.
To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised
lines; to practice engraving.
Grave \Grave\, n. [AS. gr?f, fr. grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS.
graf, G. grab, Icel. gr["o]f, Russ. grob' grave, coffin. See
{Grave} to carve.]
An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any
place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death;
destruction.
He bad lain in the grave four days. --John xi. 17.
{Grave wax}, adipocere.
Graveclothes \Grave"clothes`\, n. pl.
The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.
Gravedigger \Grave"dig`ger\, n.
1. A digger of graves.
2. (Zo["o]l.) See {Burying beetle}, under {Bury}, v. t.
Gravel \Grav"el\, n. [OF. gravele, akin to F. gr?ve a sandy
shore, strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W.
gro coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr. gr[=a]van stone.]
1. Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles,
often intermixed with particles of sand.
2. (Med.) A deposit of small calculous concretions in the
kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease
of which they are a symptom.
{Gravel powder}, a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.
Gravel \Grav"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Graveled}or {Gravelled};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Graveling} or {Gravelling}.]
1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.
2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run
aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.
When we were fallen into a place between two seas,
they graveled the ship. --Acts xxvii.
41 (Rhemish
version).
Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to
be graveled; and one of his feet stuck so fast in
the sand that he fell to the ground. --Camden.
3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex. [Colloq.]
When you were graveled for lack of matter. --Shak.
The physician was so graveled and amazed withal,
that he had not a word more to say. --Sir T.
North.
4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the
shoe and foot.
Graveless \Grave"less\, a.
Without a grave; unburied.
Graveling \Grav"el*ing\, or Gravelling \Grav"el*ling\, n.
1. The act of covering with gravel.
2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).
Graveling \Grav"el*ing\, or Gravelling \Grav"el*ling\, n.
(Zo["o]l.)
A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea.
Gravelliness \Grav"el*li*ness\, n.
State of being gravelly.
Gravelly \Grav"el*ly\, a.
Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a gravelly
soil.
Gravel-stone \Grav"el-stone"\, n.
A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.
Gravely \Grave"ly\, adv.
In a grave manner.
Graven \Grav"en\, p. p. of {Grave}, v. t.
Carved.
{Graven image}, an idol; an object of worship carved from
wood, stone, etc. ``Thou shalt not make unto thee any
graven image.'' --Ex. xx. 4.
Graveness \Grave"ness\, n.
The quality of being grave.
His sables and his weeds, Importing health and
graveness. --Shak.
Gravenstein \Gra"ven*stein"\, n. [So called because it came from
Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig. Downing.]
A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and
orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.
Graveolence \Gra*ve"o*lence\, n. [L. graveolentia: cf. F.
grav['e]olence. See {Graveolent.}]
A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] --Bailey.
Graveolent \Gra*ve"o*lent\, a. [L. graveolens; gravis heavy +
olere to smell.]
Having a rank smell. [R.] --Boyle.
Graver \Graver\, n.
1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose
occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other
hard material.
2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.
Gravery \Grav"er*y\, n.
The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.
Either of picture or gravery and embossing. --Holland.
Graves \Graves\, n. pl.
The sediment of melted tallow. Same as {Greaves.}
Graves' disease \Graves"' dis*ease"\ [So called after Dr.
Graves, of Dublin.]
Same as {Basedow's disease}.
Gravestone \Grave"stone\, n.
A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an
inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.
Graveyard \Grave"yard"\, n.
A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a
cemetery.
Gravic \Grav"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic forces;
gravic attraction. [R.]
Gravid \Grav"id\, a. [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See
{Grave}, a.]
Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a
gravid uterus; gravid piety. `` His gravid associate.'' --Sir
T. Herbert.
Gravidated \Grav"i*da"ted\, a. [L. gravidatus, p. p. of
gravidare to load, impregnate. See {Gravid}.]
Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Gravidation \Grav"i*da"tion\, n.
Gravidity. [Obs.]
Gravidity \Gra*vid"i*ty\, n. [L. graviditas.]
The state of being gravidated; pregnancy. [R.]
Gravigrade \Grav"i*grade\, a. [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Slow-paced. -- n. One of the pachyderms.
Gravimeter \Gra*vim"e*ter\, n. [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F.
gravim[`e]tre.] (Physics)
An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of
bodies.
Gravimetric \Grav"i*met"ric\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by
weight. -- {Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly}, adv.
{Gravimetric analysis} (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts
of the constituents are determined by weight; -- in
distinction from {volumetric analysis}.
Graving \Grav"ing\, n. [From Grave to clean.]
The act of cleaning a ship's bottom.
{Graving dock}. (Naut.) See under Dock.
Graving \Grav"ing\, n. [From Grave to dig.]
l. The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp.
by incision or in intaglio.
2. That which is graved or carved. [R.]
Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving. --2
Chron. ii. 14.
3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.
New gravings upon their souls. --Eikon
Basilike
Gravitate \Grav"i*tate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gravitated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Gravitating}.] [Cf. F. graviter. See
{Gravity.}]
To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure,
or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend
in any direction or toward any object.
Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all
bodies gravitate toward each other. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the
stronger party. --Macaulay.
Gravitation \Grav"i*ta"tion\, n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See
Gravity.]
1. The act of gravitating.
2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all
bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward
each other; called also {attraction of gravitation},
{universal gravitation}, and {universal gravity}. See
{Attraction}, and {Weight.}
{Law of gravitation}, that law in accordance with which
gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or
portions of matter in the universe attract each other with
a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter
they contain, and inversely to the squares of their
distances.
Gravitational \Grav`i*tation*al\, a. (Physics)
Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; as, gravitational
units.
Gravitative \Gravi*ta*tive\, a.
Causing to gravitate; tending to a center. --Coleridge.
Gravity \Grav"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Gravities}. [L. gravitas, fr.
gravis heavy; cf. F. gravit['e]. See {Grave}, a., {Grief}.]
1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of
lead.
2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. ``Men of gravity and
learning.'' --Shak.
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence,
seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of
the place where they were uttered. --Burke.
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center
of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the
center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.
{Center of gravity} See under {Center}.
{Gravity battery}, See {Battery}, n., 4.
{Specific gravity}, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the
standard or unit. This standard is usually water for
solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the
specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk
for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.
Gravy \Gra"vy\, n.; pl. {Gravies}. [OE. greavie; prob. fr.
greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See
{Greaves}.]
1. The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in
cooking, made into a dressing for the food when served up.
2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.
Gray \Gray\, a. [Compar. {Grayer}; superl. {Grayest}.] [OE.
gray, grey, AS. gr[=ae]g, gr[=e]g; akin to D. graauw, OHG.
gr[=a]o, G. grau, Dan. graa, Sw. gr[*a], Icel. gr[=a]r.]
[Written also {grey}.]
1. White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt,
or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark
mixed color; as, the soft gray eye of a dove.
These gray and dun colors may be also produced by
mixing whites and blacks. --Sir I.
Newton.
2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.
3. Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames.
{Gray antimony} (Min.), stibnite.
{Gray buck} (Zo["o]l.), the chickara.
{Gray cobalt} (Min.), smaltite.
{Gray copper} (Min.), tetrahedrite.
{Gray duck} (Zo["o]l.), the gadwall; also applied to the
female mallard.
{Gray falcon} (Zo["o]l.) the peregrine falcon.
{Gray Friar}. See {Franciscan}, and {Friar}.
{Gray hen} (Zo["o]l.), the female of the blackcock or black
grouse. See {Heath grouse}.
{Gray mill or millet} (Bot.), a name of several plants of the
genus {Lithospermum}; gromwell.
{Gray mullet} (Zo["o]l.) any one of the numerous species of
the genus {Mugil}, or family {Mugilid[ae]}, found both in
the Old World and America; as the European species ({M.
capito}, and {M. auratus}), the American striped mullet
({M. albula}), and the white or silver mullet ({M.
Braziliensis}). See {Mullet}.
{Gray owl} (Zo["o]l.), the European tawny or brown owl
({Syrnium aluco}). The great gray owl ({Ulula cinerea})
inhabits arctic America.
{Gray parrot} (Zo["o]l.), a parrot ({Psittacus erithacus}),
very commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in
learning to talk.
{Gray pike}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Sauger}.
{Gray snapper} (Zo["o]l.), a Florida fish; the sea lawyer.
See {Snapper}.
{Gray snipe} (Zo["o]l.), the dowitcher in winter plumage.
{Gray whale} (Zo["o]l.), a rather large and swift California
whale ({Rhachianectes glaucus}), formerly taken in large
numbers in the bays; -- called also {grayback},
{devilfish}, and {hardhead}.
Gray \Gray\, n.
1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a
neutral or whitish tint.
2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or
a kind of salmon.
Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats
thy life, my gallant gray. --Sir W.
Scott.
Grayback \Gray"back`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The California gray whale.
(b) The redbreasted sandpiper or knot.
(c) The dowitcher.
(d) The body louse.
Graybeard \Gray"beard`\, n.
An old man. --Shak.
Grayfly \Gray"fly`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The trumpet fly. --Milton.
Grayhound \Gray"hound`\ (-hound`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Greyhound}.
Grayish \Gray"ish\, a.
Somewhat gray.
Graylag \Gray"lag`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The common wild gray goose ({Anser anser}) of Europe,
believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See
Illust. of {Goose}.
Grayling \Gray"ling\, n. [From {Gray}, a.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A European fish ({Thymallus vulgaris}), allied
to the trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; --
called also {umber}. It inhabits cold mountain streams,
and is valued as a game fish.
And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there
a grayling. --Tennyson.
2. (Zo["o]l.) An American fish of the genus {Thymallus},
having similar habits to the above; one species ({T.
Ontariensis}), inhabits several streams in Michigan;
another ({T. montanus}), is found in the Yellowstone
region.
Grayness \Gray"ness\, n.
The quality of being gray.
Gtraystone \Gtray"stone`\, n. (Geol.)
A grayish or greenish compact rock, composed of feldspar and
augite, and allied to basalt.
Graywacke \Gray"wacke`\, n. [G. grauwacke; grau gray + wacke
wacke. See {Gray}, and {Wacke}, and cf. {Grauwacke}.] (Geol.)
A conglomerate or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles
sand firmly united together.
Note: This term, derived from the grauwacke of German miners,
was formerly applied in geology to different grits and
slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom
used.
Graze \Graze\ (gr[=a]z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grazed}
(gr[=a]zd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Grazing}.] [OE. grasen, AS.
grasian, fr. gr[ae]s grass. See {Grass}.]
1. To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to
furnish pasture for.
A field or two to graze his cows. --Swift.
2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a
pasture); to browse.
The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead.
--Pope.
3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.
When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep. --Shak.
4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in
passing; as, the bullet grazed the wall.
Graze \Graze\, v. i.
1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze
on the meadows.
2. To yield grass for grazing.
The ground continueth the wet, whereby it will never
graze to purpose. --Bacon.
3. To touch something lightly in passing.
Graze \Graze\, n.
1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.]
Turning him out for a graze on the common. --T.
Hughes.
2. A light touch; a slight scratch.
Grazer \Graz"er\, n.
One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or
herbage.
The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to
ease her want. --J. Philips.
Grazier \Gra"zier\, n.
One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.
The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than plowmen.
--Stow.
Grazing \Graz"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes.
2. A pasture; growing grass.
Grazioso \Gra"zi*o"so\, adv. [It., adj. See {Gracious}.] (Mus.)
Gracefully; smoothly; elegantly.
Gre \Gre\, n.
See {Gree}, a step. [Obs.]
Gre \Gre\, n.
See {Gree}, good will. [Obs.]
Grease \Grease\ (gr[=e]s), n. [OE. grese, grece, F. graisse;
akin to gras fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross,
L. crassus. Cf. {Crass}.]
1. Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft
state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind.
2. (Far.) An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the
ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and producing
dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration,
and fungous excrescences.
{Grease bush}. (Bot.) Same as {Grease wood} (below).
{Grease moth} (Zo["o]l.), a pyralid moth ({Aglossa
pinguinalis}) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc.
{Grease wood} (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat
prickly shrub ({Sarcobatus vermiculatus}) of the Spinach
family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper
Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other
plants of the same family, as several species of
{Atriplex} and {Obione}.
Grease \Grease\ (gr[=e]z or gr[=e]s; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Greased} (gr[=e]zd or gr[=e]sd); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Greasing}.]
1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to
lubricate; as, to grease the wheels of a wagon.
2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents.
The greased advocate that grinds the poor. --Dryden.
3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
4. (Far.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease.
{To grease in the hand}, to corrupt by bribes. --Usher.
Greaser \Greas"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person
employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery,
engines, carriages, etc.
2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of
the lowest type. [Low, U. S.]
Greasily \Greas"i*ly\, adv.
1. In a greasy manner.
2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.]
You talk greasily; your lips grow foul. --Shak.
Greasiness \Greas"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness;
grossness.
Greasy \Greas"y\, a. [Compar. {Greasier}; superl. {Greasiest}.]
1. Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous;
as, a greasy dish.
2. Smeared or defiled with grease.
With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers. --Shak.
3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the
touch, as is mineral soapstone.
4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] --Shak.
5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] --Marston.
6. (Far.) Affected with the disease called {grease}; as, the
heels of a horse. See {Grease}, n., 2.
Great \Great\, a. [Compar. {Greater}; superl. {Greatest}.] [OE.
gret, great, AS. gre['a]t; akin to OS. & LG. gr[=o]t, D.
groot, OHG. gr[=o]z, G. gross. Cf. {Groat} the coin.]
1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous;
expanded; -- opposed to small and little; as, a great
house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length.
2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude,
series, etc.
3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time;
as, a great while; a great interval.
4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts,
actions, and feelings.
5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able
to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty;
noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher,
etc.
6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent;
distingushed; foremost; principal; as, great men; the
great seal; the great marshal, etc.
He doth object I am too great of birth. --Shak.
7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as,
a great argument, truth, or principle.
8. Pregnant; big (with young).
The ewes great with young. --Ps. lxxviii.
71.
9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree;
as, to use great caution; to be in great pain.
We have all Great cause to give great thanks.
--Shak.
10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single
generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one
degree more remote in the direct line of descent; as,
great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grandmother's
father), great-grandson, etc.
{Great bear} (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major.
{Great cattle} (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and
yearlings. --Wharton.
{Great charter} (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta.
{Great circle of a sphere}, a circle the plane of which
passes through the center of the sphere.
{Great circle sailing}, the process or art of conducting a
ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc
between two places.
{Great go}, the final examination for a degree at the
University of Oxford, England; -- called also {greats}.
--T. Hughes.
{Great guns}. (Naut.) See under Gun.
{The Great Lakes} the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes
Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on
the northern borders of the United States.
{Great master}. Same as {Grand master}, under {Grand}.
{Great organ} (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three
parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ
and the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot
keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has
the middle position.
{The great powers} (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great
Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy.
{Great primer}. See under {Type}.
{Great scale} (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to
designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest
to highest.
{Great sea}, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black
and the Mediterranean seas are so called.
{Great seal}.
(a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state.
(b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is
custodian of this seal); also, his office.
{Great tithes}. See under Tithes.
{The great}, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful.
{The Great Spirit}, among the North American Indians, their
chief or principal deity.
{To be great} (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with
him). --Bacon.
Great \Great\, n.
The whole; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the
great.
Great-bellied \Great"-bel`lied\, a.
Having a great belly; bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. --Shak.
Greatcoat \Great"coat"\, n.
An overcoat.
Greaten \Great"en\, v. t.
To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size;
to expand. [R.]
A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his
king]. --Ken.
Greaten \Great"en\, v. i.
To become large; to dilate. [R.]
My blue eyes greatening in the looking-glass. --Mrs.
Browning.
Great-grandchild \Great"-grand"child`\, n.
The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.
Great-granddaughter \Great"-grand"daugh`ter\, n. [See {Great},
10.]
A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.
Great-grandfather \Great"-grand"fa`ther\, n. [See {Great}, 10.]
The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.
Great-grandmother \Great"-grand"moth`er\, n.
The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.
Great-grandson \Great"-grand"son`\, n. [See {Great}, 10.]
A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.
Great-hearted \Great"-heart`ed\, a.
1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] --Clarendon.
2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.
Great-heartedness \Great"-heart`ed*ness\, n.
The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness;
magnanimity.
Greatly \Great"ly\, adv.
1. In a great degree; much.
I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. --Gen. iii.
16.
2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.
By a high fate thou greatly didst expire. --Dryden.
Greatness \Great"ness\, n. [AS. gre['a]tnes.]
1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as,
greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.
2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]
It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not
aboard your ships. --Bacon.
Greave \Greave\, n.
A grove. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Greave \Greave\, n. [OF. grees; cf. Sp. grevas.]
Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually in the plural.
Greave \Greave\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Greaved} (gr[=e]vd); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Greaving}.] [From {Greaves}.] (Naut.)
To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.
Greaves \Greaves\ (gr[=e]vz), n. pl. [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar
greaves, LG. greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf.
{Gravy.}]
The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for
dogs' food. In Scotland it is called {cracklings}. [Written
also {graves}.]
Grebe \Grebe\ (gr[=e]b), n. [F. gr[`e]be, fr. Armor. krib comb;
akin to kriben crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in
allusion to the crest of one species.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus
{Colymbus} (formerly {Podiceps}), and allied genera, found in
the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have
strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.
Grecian \Gre"cian"\, a. [Cf. {Greek.}]
Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek.
{Grecian bend}, among women, an affected carriage of the
body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.]
{Grecian fire}. See {Greek fire}, under {Greek}.
Grecian \Gre"cian\, n.
1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.
2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. --Acts vi. 1.
Note: The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized
Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew
in the Revised Version.
6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or
history. --De Quincey.
Grecism \Gre"cism\, n. [Cf. F. gr['e]cisme.]
An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. --Addison.
Grecize \Gre"cize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grecized}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Grecizing}.] [Cf. F. gr['e]ciser.]
1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in
another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is
Grecized. --T. Warton.
2. To translate into Greek.
Grecize \Gre"cize\, Grecianize \Gre"cian*ize\, v. i.
To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.
Greco-Roman \Gre"co-Ro"man\, a.
Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly
Roman; as, Greco-Roman architecture.
Grecque \Grecque\ (gr[e^]k), n. [F.]
An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or
meander.
Gree \Gree\, n. [F. gr['e]. See Grateful, and cf. {Agree.}]
1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in
such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that
is, to take favorably. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke.
--Fairfax.
2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] --Chaucer.
He is a shepherd great in gree. --Spnser.
3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i.
e., to carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] --Chaucer.
Gree \Gree\, v. i. [From {Agree.}]
To agree. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Gree \Gree\, n.; pl. {Grees} (gr[=e]z); obs. plurals {Greece}
(gr[=e]s) {Grice} (gr[imac]s or gr[=e]s), {Grise}, {Grize}
(gr[imac]z or gr[=e]z), etc. [OF. gr['e], F. grade. See
{Grade.}]
A step.
Greece \Greece\, n. pl.
See {Gree} a step. [Obs.]
Greed \Greed\, n. [Akin to Goth. gr?dus hunger, Icel.
gr[=a][eth]r. [root]34. See {Greedy.}]
An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain.
Greedily \Greed"i*ly\, adv.
In a greedy manner.
Greediness \Greed"i*ness\, n. [AS gr[=ae]dignes.]
The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire.
Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. --Shak.
Syn: Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.
Greedy \Greed"y\, a. [Compar. {Greedier} (-[i^]-[~e]r); superl.
{Greediest}.] [OE. gredi, AS. gr?dig, gr?dig; akin to D.
gretig, OS. gr?dag, OHG. gr?tag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig,
gr?dig, Icel. gra?ugr, Goth. gr?dags greedy, gr?d?n to be
hungry; cf. Skr. grdh to be greedy. Cf. {Greed.}]
1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous;
voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; as, a lion that
is greedy of his prey.
2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous;
eager to obtain; avaricious; as, {greedy} of gain.
Greedy-gut \Greed"y-gut"\, n.
A glutton. [Low] --Todd.
Greegree \Gree"gree"\, n.
An African talisman or Gri'gri' charm.
{A greegree man}, an African magician or fetich priest.
Greek \Greek\, a. [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. ?: cf. F. grec. Cf.
{Grecian}.]
Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian.
{Greek calends}. See under Calends.
{Greek Church} (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part
of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western
Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk
of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is
the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia.
The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called
also the {Byzantine Church}.
{Greek cross}. See Illust. (10) Of {Cross}.
{Greek Empire}. See {Byzantine Empire}.
{Greek fire}, a combustible composition which burns under
water, the constituents of which are supposed to be
asphalt, with niter and sulphur. --Ure.
{Greek rose}, the flower campion.
Greek \Greek\, n.
1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian;
also, the language of Greece.
2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang]
Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat
does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek.
--Sat. Rev.
3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me.
[Colloq.]
Greekess \Greek"ess\, n.
A female Greek. [R.]
Greekish \Greek"ish\, a. [Cf. AS. Gr[=e]cisc.]
Peculiar to Greece.
Greekling \Greek"ling\, n.
A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. --B.
Jonson.
Green \Green\, a. [Compar. {Greener}; superl. {Greenest.}] [OE.
grene, AS. gr?ne; akin to D. groen, OS. gr?ni, OHG. gruoni,
G. gr?n, Dan. & Sw. gr?n, Icel. gr?nn; fr. the root of E.
grow. See {Grow.}]
1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing;
resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is
between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.
2. Having a sickly color; wan.
To look so green and pale. --Shak.
3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent;
as, a green manhood; a green wound.
As valid against such an old and beneficent
government as against . . . the greenest usurpation.
--Burke.
4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green
fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.
5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.]
We say the meat is green when half roasted. --L.
Watts.
6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained;
awkward; as, green in years or judgment.
I might be angry with the officious zeal which
supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my
gray hairs. --Sir W.
Scott.
7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as,
green wood, timber, etc. --Shak.
{Green brier} (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub ({Emilaz
rotundifolia}) having a yellowish green stem and thick
leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the
United States; -- called also {cat brier}.
{Green con} (Zo["o]l.), the pollock.
{Green crab} (Zo["o]l.), an edible, shore crab ({Carcinus
menas}) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally
named {joe-rocker}.
{Green crop}, a crop used for food while in a growing or
unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root
crop, etc.
{Green diallage}. (Min.)
(a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene.
(b) Smaragdite.
{Green dragon} (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant
({Aris[ae]ma Dracontium}), resembling the Indian turnip;
-- called also {dragon root}.
{Green earth} (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in
cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used
as a pigment by artists; -- called also {mountain green}.
{Green ebony}.
(a) A south American tree ({Jacaranda ovalifolia}), having
a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid
work, and in dyeing.
(b) The West Indian green ebony. See {Ebony}.
{Green fire} (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a
green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium
chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate),
to which the color of the flame is due.
{Green fly} (Zo["o]l.), any green species of plant lice or
aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants.
{Green gage}, (Bot.) See {Greengage}, in the Vocabulary.
{Green gland} (Zo["o]l.), one of a pair of large green glands
in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have
their outlets at the bases of the larger antenn[ae].
{Green hand}, a novice. [Colloq.]
{Green heart} (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in
the West Indies and in South America, used for
shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and
Guiana is the {Nectandra Rodi[oe]i}, that of Martinique is
the {Colubrina ferruginosa}.
{Green iron ore} (Min.) dufrenite.
{Green laver} (Bot.), an edible seaweed ({Ulva latissima});
-- called also {green sloke}.
{Green lead ore} (Min.), pyromorphite.
{Green linnet} (Zo["o]l.), the greenfinch.
{Green looper} (Zo["o]l.), the cankerworm.
{Green marble} (Min.), serpentine.
{Green mineral}, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment.
See {Greengill}.
{Green monkey} (Zo["o]l.) a West African long-tailed monkey
({Cercopithecus callitrichus}), very commonly tamed, and
trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West
Indies early in the last century, and has become very
abundant there.
{Green salt of Magnus} (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline
salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides
of platinum.
{Green sand} (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while
slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made.
{Green sea} (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a
vessel's deck.
{Green sickness} (Med.), chlorosis.
{Green snake} (Zo["o]l.), one of two harmless American snakes
({Cyclophis vernalis}, and {C. [ae]stivus}). They are
bright green in color.
{Green turtle} (Zo["o]l.), an edible marine turtle. See
{Turtle}.
{Green vitriol}.
(a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline
substance, very extensively used in the preparation of
inks, dyes, mordants, etc.
(b) (Min.) Same as {copperas}, {melanterite} and {sulphate
of iron}.
{Green ware}, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not
yet baked.
{Green woodpecker} (Zo["o]l.), a common European woodpecker
({Picus viridis}); -- called also {yaffle}.
Green \Green\ (gren), n.
1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar
spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.
2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with
verdant herbage; as, the village green.
O'er the smooth enameled green. --Milton.
3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants;
wreaths; -- usually in the plural.
In that soft season when descending showers Call
forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers.
--Pope.
4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets,
etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.
5. Any substance or pigment of a green color.
{Alkali green} (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid
derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald
green; -- called also {Helvetia green}.
{Berlin green}. (Chem.) See under {Berlin}.
{Brilliant green} (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling
emerald green in composition.
{Brunswick green}, an oxychloride of copper.
{Chrome green}. See under {Chrome}.
{Emerald green}. (Chem.)
(a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a
metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for
dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a
brilliant green; -- called also {aldehyde green},
{acid green}, {malachite green}, {Victoria green},
{solid green}, etc. It is usually found as a double
chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate.
(b) See {Paris green} (below).
{Gaignet's green} (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the
French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially
of a basic hydrate of chromium.
{Methyl green} (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff,
obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow
luster; -- called also {light-green}.
{Mineral green}. See under {Mineral}.
{Mountain green}. See {Green earth}, under {Green}, a.
{Paris green} (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting
of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and
arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a
pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but
particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato
bug; -- called also {Schweinfurth green}, {imperial
green}, {Vienna green}, {emerald qreen}, and {mitis
green}.
{Scheele's green} (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting
essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called
also {Swedish green}. It may enter into various pigments
called {parrot green}, {pickel green}, {Brunswick green},
{nereid green}, or {emerald green}.
Green \Green\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Greened} (great): p. pr. &
vb. n. {Greening}.]
To make green.
Great spring before Greened all the year. --Thomson.
Green \Green\, v. i.
To become or grow green. --Tennyson.
By greening slope and singing flood. --Whittier.
Greenback \Green"back"\, n.
One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first
issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed
with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.
Greenbacker \Green"back"er\, n.
One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and
opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]
Greenbone \Green"bone\, n. [So named because the bones are green
when boiled.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any garfish ({Belone} or {Tylosurus}).
(b) The European eelpout.
Green-broom \Green"-broom`\, n. (Bot.)
A plant of the genus {Genista} ({G. tinctoria}); dyer's weed;
-- called also {greenweed}.
Greencloth \Green"cloth`\ (-kl[o^]th`; 115), n.
A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting
house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the
lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of
matters of justice in the household, with power to correct
offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace,
which extends two hundred yards beyond the gates.
Greenery \Green"er*y\, n.
Green plants; verdure.
A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so
smothered in greenery. --J. Ingelow.
Green-eyed \Green"-eyed\, a.
1. Having green eyes.
2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or
distorts. ``Green-eyed jealousy.'' --Shak.
Greenfinch \Green"finch`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
1. A European finch ({Ligurinus chloris}); -- called also
{green bird}, {green linnet}, {green grosbeak}, {green
olf}, {greeny}, and {peasweep}.
2. The Texas sparrow ({Embernagra rufivirgata}), in which the
general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on
the head.
Greenfish \Green"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Bluefish}, and {Pollock}.
Greengage \Green"gage`\, n. (Bot.)
A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish
flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France {Reine
Claude}, after the queen of Francis I. See {Gage}.
Greengill \Green"gill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment,
said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.
Greengrocer \Green"gro`cer\, n.
A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green
state.
Greenhead \Green"head`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The mallard.
(b) The striped bass. See {Bass}.
Greenhead \Green"head\, Greenhood \Green"hood\, n.
A state of greenness; verdancy. --Chaucer.
Greenhorn \Green"horn`\, n.
A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon. --W.
Irving.
Greenhouse \Green"house`\, n.
A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered
from the weather.
Greening \Green"ing\, n.
A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode
Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid
flesh and its excellent keeping quality.
Greenish \Green"ish\, a.
Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish
yellow. -- {Green"ish*ness}, n.
Greenlander \Green"land*er\, n.
A native of Greenland.
Green-leek \Green"-leek`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An Australian parrakeet ({Polytelis Barrabandi}); -- called
also the {scarlet-breasted parrot}.
Greenlet \Green"let\, n.
l. (Zo["o]l.) One of numerous species of small American
singing birds, of the genus {Vireo}, as the solitary, or
blue-headed ({Vireo solitarius}); the brotherly-love ({V.
Philadelphicus}); the warbling greenlet ({V. gilvus}); the
yellow-throated greenlet ({V. flavifrons}) and others. See
{Vireo}.
2. (Zo["o]l,) Any species of {Cyclorhis}, a genus of tropical
American birds allied to the tits.
Greenly \Green"ly\, adv.
With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a. Of a
green color. [Obs.]
Greenness \Green"ness\, n. [AS. gr[=e]nnes. See {Green.}]
1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the
greenness of grass, or of a meadow.
2. Freshness; vigor; newness.
3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit;
inexperience; as, the greenness of youth.
Greenockite \Green"ock*ite\, n. [Named after Lord Greenock.]
(Min.)
Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow
hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.
Greenroom \Green"room`\ (gr[=e]n"room`), n.
The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.
Greensand \Green"sand`\ (-s?nd`), n. (Geol.)
A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated,
consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and
potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of
phosphate of lime.
Note: [hand]Greensand is often called {marl}, because it is a
useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American
Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.
Greenshank \Green"shank`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A European sandpiper or snipe ({Totanus canescens}); --
called also {greater plover}.
Green-stall \Green"-stall`\, n.
A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for
sale.
Greenstone \Green"stone`\ (gr[=e]n"st[=o]n`), n. [So called from
a tinge of green in the color.] (Geol.)
A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain
dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.
Greensward \Green"sward`\ (-sw[add]rd') n.
Turf green with grass.
Greenth \Greenth\ (gr[=e]nth), n. [Cf. Growth.]
The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.]
The greenth of summer. --G. Eliot.
Greenweed \Green"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
See {Greenbroom}.
Greenwood \Green"wood`\, n.
A forest as it appears is spring and summer.
Greenwood \Green"wood`\, a.
Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. --Dryden.
Greet \Greet\, a.
Great. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Greet \Greet\, v. i. [OE. greten, AS. gr[=ae]tan, gr[=e]tan;
akin to Icel. gr[=a]ta, Sw. gr[*a]ta, Dan. gr[ae]de, Goth.
gr[=e]ctan; cf. Skr. hr[=a]d to sound, roar. [root]50.]
To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also
{greit}.] --Spenser.
Greet \Greet\, n.
Mourning. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Greet \Greet\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Greeted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Greeting}.] [OE. greten, AS. gr[=e]tan to address, approach;
akin to OS. gr[=o]tian, LG. gr["o]ten, D. groeten, OHG.
gruozzen, G. gr["u]ssen. [root]50.]
1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes;
to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship;
to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or
through the intervention of another, or by writing or
token.
My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you.
--Shak.
2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the
heart glad.
In vain the spring my senses greets. --Addison.
3. To accost; to address. --Pope.
Greet \Greet\, v. i.
To meet and give salutations.
There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep
in peace. --Shak.
Greet \Greet\, n.
Greeting. [Obs.] --F. Beaumont.
Greeter \Greet"er\, n.
One who greets or salutes another.
Greeter \Greet"er\, n.
One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]
Greeting \Greet"ing\, n.
Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a
compliment from one absent.
Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. --Shak.
Syn: Salutation; salute; compliment.
Greeve \Greeve\, n.
See {Grieve}, an overseer.
Greeze \Greeze\, n.
A step. See {Gree}, a step. [Obs.]
The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this.
--Latimer.
Greffier \Gref"fi*er\, n. [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius,
fr. L. graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record
office. See {Graft}, and cf. {Graffer.}]
A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Gregal \Gre"gal\, a. [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.]
Pertaining to, or like, a flock.
For this gregal conformity there is an excuse. --W. S.
Mayo.
Gregarian \Gre*ga"ri*an\, a.
Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common.
[Obs.] ``The gregarian soldiers.'' --Howell.
d8Gregarin91 \\"d8Greg`a*ri"n\"91\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gregarina
the typical genus, fr. L. gregarius. See {Gregarious}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic
in other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When
adult, they have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus,
but without external organs; in one of the young stages, they
are am[oe]biform; -- called also {Gregarinida}, and
{Gregarinaria}.
Gregarine \Greg"a*rine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Gregarin[ae]. -- n. One of the
Gregarin[ae].
d8Gregarinida \\"d8Greg`a*rin"i*da\
Gregarin[ae].
Gregarious \Gre*ga"ri*ous\, a. [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis,
herd; cf. Gr. ? to assemble, Skr. jar to approach. Cf.
{Congregate}, {Egregious}.]
Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to
flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living
alone. --Burke.
No birds of prey are gregarious. --Ray.
-- {Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Gre*ga"ri*ous*ness}, n.
Grege \Grege\, Gregge \Greg"ge\, v. t. [OE. gregier to burden.]
To make heavy; to increase. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Greggoe \Greg"goe\, Grego \Gre"go\, n. [Prob. fr, It. Greco
Greek, or Sp. Griego, or Pg. Grego.]
A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth,
with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the
Levant. [Written also {griego}.]
Gregorian \Gre*go"ri*an\, a. [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius
Gregory, Gr. ?: cf. F. gr['e]gorien.]
Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory,
especially one of the popes of that name.
{Gregorian calendar}, the calendar as reformed by Pope
Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting
the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the
solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and
the movable feasts by means of epochs. See {Gregorian
year} (below).
{Gregorian chant} (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind
of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated
church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory
I. (called ``the Great'') in the 6th century.
{Gregorian modes}, the musical scales ordained by Pope
Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek
scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc.
{Gregorian telescope} (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope,
named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who
perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis
of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that
of the large reflector, transmits the light received from
the latter back through a hole in its center to the
eyepiece placed behind it.
{Gregorian year}, the year as now reckoned according to the
Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current
reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible
by 100 and not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have
365 days. See {Bissextile}, and Note under {Style}, n., 7.
Greillade \Greil"lade\, n. (Metal.)
Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the
Catalan process.
Greisen \Grei"sen\, n. (Min.)
A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in
the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.
Greit \Greit\, v. i.
See {Greet}, to weep.
Greith \Greith\, v. t. [Icel. grei[eth]a: cf. AS. ger[=ae]dan to
arrange; pref. ge- + r[=ae]de ready. Cf. {Ready.}]
To make ready; -- often used reflexively. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Greith \Greith\, n. [Icel. grei[eth]i. See {Greith}, v.]
Goods; furniture. [Obs.] See {Graith}.
Gremial \Gre"mi*al\, a. [L. gremium lap, bosom.]
Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom. [R.]
Gremial \Gre"mi*al\, n.
1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] --Fuller.
2. (Ecol.) A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace,
placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating
mass, or in ordaining priests.
Grenade \Gre*nade"\, n. [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or
Sp. granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the
resemblance of its shape to a pomegranate. See {Carnet},
{Grain} a kernel, and cf. {Pomegranate}.] (Min.)
A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other
explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the
hand among enemies.
{Hand grenade}.
(a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a
half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into
the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon
besiegers mounting a breach.
(b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle
containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames.
Called also {fire grenade}.
{Rampart grenades}, grenades of various sizes, which, when
used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.
Grenadier \Gren`a*dier"\, n. [F. grenadier. See {Grenade}.]
1. (Mil.) Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw
grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each
regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the
line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a
member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of
the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier
Guards of the British army, etc.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any marine fish of the genus {Macrurus}, in
which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly
inhabit the deep sea; -- called also {onion fish}, and
{rat-tail fish}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A bright-colored South African grosbeak
({Pyromelana orix}), having the back red and the lower
parts black.
Grenadillo \Gren`a*dil"lo\, n. [Sp. granadillo.]
A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making
flutes and other wind instruments; -- called also {Grenada
cocos}, or {cocus}, and {red ebony}.
Grenadine \Gren`a*dine"\, n. [F.]
1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.
2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of
impure fuchsine.
Grenado \Gre*na"do\, n.
Same as {Grenade}.
Grene \Grene\, a.
Green. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gres \Gres\, n.
Grass. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gressorial \Gres*so"ri*al\, Gressorious \Gres*so"ri*ous\, a. [L.
gressus, p. p. of gradi to step, go.] (Zool.)
Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain
birds and insects. See Illust. under {Aves}.
Gret \Gret\, Grete \Grete\, a.
Great. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gretto \Gret"to\, obs.
imp. of {Greet}, to salute.
Greve \Greve\, n.
A grove. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Grew \Grew\ (gr[udd]),
imp. of {Grow}.
Grewsome \Grew"some\, Gruesome \Grue"some\, a. [From a word akin
to Dan. gru horror, terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G.
grausam. Cf. {Grisly}.]
Ugly; frightful.
Grewsome sights of war. --C. Kingsley.
Grey \Grey\, a.
See {Gray} (the correct orthography).
Greyhound \Grey"hound`\, n. [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund,
grihond, Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS.
gr[imac]ghund. The origin of the first syllable is unknown.]
A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight
and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and
is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also
{grayhound}.]
Greylag \Grey"lag`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See Graylag.
Gribble \Grib"ble\, n. [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small marine isopod crustacean ({Limnoria lignorum} or {L.
terebrans}), which burrows into and rapidly destroys
submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in
Europe and America.
Grice \Grice\, n. [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
gr?ss, Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. ?, Skr. ghrshvi, boar.
Cf. {Grise}, {Griskin}.]
A little pig. [Written also {grise}.] [Scot.]
Grice \Grice\, n.
See {Gree}, a step. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Grid \Grid\, n.
A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.
Griddle \Grid"dle\, n. [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic
origin; cf. W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle,
gridiron, greadaim I burn, scorch. Cf. {Gridiron}.]
1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.
2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.
Griddlecake \Grid"dle*cake`\, n.
A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake,
as of buckwheat or common flour.
Gride \Gride\, e. i. [imp. & p. p. {Grided}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Griding}.] [For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See
{Yard} a measure, and cf. {Grid} to strike, sneer.]
To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce
harshly; as, the griding sword. --Milton.
That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride.
--Spenser.
Grade \Grade\, n.
A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
The grade of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log,
and tree, and stone. --Whittier.
Gridelin \Grid"e*lin\, n. [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax
gray.]
A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written
also {gredaline}, {grizelin}.] --Dryden.
Gridiron \Grid"i`ron\, n. [OE. gredire, gredirne, from the same
source as E. griddle, but the ending was confused with E.
iron. See {Griddle}.]
1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over
coals.
2. (Naut.) An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for
examination, cleaning, and repairs.
{Gridiron pendulum}. See under Pendulum.
{Gridiron valve} (Steam Engine), a slide valve with several
parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the
seat on which the valve moves.
Grief \Grief\ (gr[=e]f), n. [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref,
F. grief, L. gravis heavy; akin to Gr. bary`s, Skr. guru,
Goth. ka['u]rus. Cf. {Barometer}, {Grave}, a., {Grieve},
{Gooroo.}]
1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental
suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of
friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow;
sadness.
The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine
boy, . . . that she died for grief of it. --Addison.
2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses;
trial; grievance.
Be factious for redress of all these griefs. --Shak.
3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.]
This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of
that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. --Wood.
{To come to grief}, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat,
ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.]
Syn: Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance.
Usage: {Grief}, {Sorrow}, {Sadness}. Sorrow is the generic
term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one
which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is
applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is
transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for
the loss of a favorite child too often turns into
habitual sadness. ``Grief is sometimes considered as
synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of
the transports of grief. At other times it expresses
more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are
inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the
loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress,
either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we
love and value.'' --Cogan. See {Affliction}.
Griefful \Grief"ful\, a.
Full of grief or sorrow. --Sackville.
Griefless \Grief"less\, a.
Without grief. --Huloet.
Griego \Grie"go\, n.
See {Greggoe}.
Grievable \Griev"a*ble\, a.
Lamentable. [Obs.]
Grievance \Griev"ance\, n. [OF. grevance. See {Grieve}, v. t.]
1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and
suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or
resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.;
injury.
2. Grieving; grief; affliction.
The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked.
--Milton.
Syn: Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.
Grievancer \Griev"an*cer\, n.
One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for
complaint. [Obs.]
Petition . . . against the bishops as grand
grievancers. --Fuller.
Grieve \Grieve\ (gr[=e]v), Greeve \Greeve\, n. [AS. ger[=e]fa.
Cf. {Reeve} an officer.]
A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a
manorial bailiff. [Scot.]
Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve. --Sir
W. Scott.
Grieve \Grieve\ (gr[=e]v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grieved}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Grieving}.] [OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare
to burden, oppress, fr. gravis heavy. See {Grief.}]
1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to
make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to afflict; to hurt;
to try.
Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. --Eph. iv. 30.
The maidens grieved themselves at my concern.
--Cowper,
2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]
Grieve \Grieve\, v. i.
To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil;
to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at, for, or over.
Do not you grieve at this. --Shak.
Griever \Griev"er\, n.
One who, or that which, grieves.
Grieving \Griev"ing\, a.
Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. -- n. The act of causing
grief; the state of being grieved. -- {Griev"ing*ly}, adv.
--Shak.
Grievous \Griev"ous\, a. [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See
{Grief}.]
1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to
bear; offensive; harmful.
The famine was grievous in the land. --Gen. xii.
10.
The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight.
--Gen. xxi.
11.
2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated;
flagitious; as, a grievous sin. --Gen. xviii. 20.
3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or
affliction; as, a grievous cry. -- {Griev"ous*ly}, adv. --
{Griev"ous*ness}, n.
Griff \Griff\, n. [Cf. {Gripe}.]
1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.]
A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff.
--Holland.
2. [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving) An
arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires
which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured
goods. --Knight.
Griffe \Griffe\, n. [F.]
The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a
mulatto. [Local, U. S.]
Griffin \Grif"fin\, n.
An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe.
--H. Kingsley.
Griffin \Grif"fin\, Griffon \Grif"fon\, n. [OE. griffin,
griffon, griffoun, F. griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to
gryps, Gr. ?; -- so called because of the hooked beak, and
akin to grypo`s curved, hook-nosed.]
1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It
is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.
2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic
charge.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A species of large vulture ({Gyps fulvus})
found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North
Africa, and Asia Minor; -- called also {gripe}, and
{grype}. It is supposed to be the ``eagle'' of the Bible.
The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also
{gryphon}.]
4. An English early apple.
Grig \Grig\ (gr[i^]g), n. [Cf. Sw. kr["a]k little creature,
reptile; or D. kriek cricket, E. cricket.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) Any small eel.
(c) The broad-nosed eel. See {Glut}. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] --Audrey.
{As merry as a grig} [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed
by some to be a corruption of ``As merry as a Greek; '' by
others, to be an allusion to the cricket.
Gril \Gril\ (gr[i^]l), a. [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell
offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry;
cf. AS. gallan to provoke.]
Harsh; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] --Rom. of R.
Grill \Grill\, n. [F. gril. See {Grill}, v. t.]
1. A gridiron.
[They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat.
--Cotton.
2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.
Grill \Grill\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grilled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grilling}.] [F. griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. gra["i]l, L.
craticulum for craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron,
dim. of crates hurdle. See {Grate}, n.]
1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. [1913 Webster]
Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on
gridirons. --Marvell.
2. To torment, as if by broiling. --Dickens.
Grillade \Gril*lade"\, n. [F. See {Grill}, v. t.]
The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.
Grillage \Gril"lage\, n. [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.)
A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation
in marshy or treacherous soil.
Grille \Grille\, a. [F. See {Grill}, v. t.]
A lattice or grating.
The grille which formed part of the gate. --L.
Oliphant.
Grilly \Gril"ly\, v. t. [See {Grill}, v. t.]
To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.] --Hudibras.
Grilse \Grilse\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo["o]l.)
A young salmon after its first return from the sea.
Grim \Grim\, a. [Compar. {Grimmer} (-mer); superl. {Grimmest}.]
[AS. grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan.
grim, grum, Sw. grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj.,
hostile; cf. Gr. ?, a crushing sound, ? to neigh.]
Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly;
cruel; frightful; horrible.
Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking. --Shak.
The ridges of grim war. --Milton.
Syn: Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible;
frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen;
sour.
Grimace \Gri*mace"\ (gr[i^]*m[=a]s"), n. [F., prob. of Teutonic
origin; cf. AS. gr[imac]ma mask, specter, Icel. gr[imac]ma
mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.]
A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from
affectation, or momentary aad occasional, to express some
feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a
smirk; a made-up face. [1913 Webster]
Moving his face into such a hideous grimace, that every
feature of it appeared under a different distortion.
--Addison.
[1913 Webster]
Note: ``Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in
Dryden's ``Marriage a-la-Mode,'' as innovations in our
language, are now in common use: chagrin,
double-entendre, ['e]claircissement, embarras,
['e]quivoque, foible, grimace, na["i]vete, ridicule.
All these words, which she learns by heart to use
occasionally, are now in common use.'' --I. Disraeli.
[1913 Webster]
Grimace \Gri*mace"\, v. i.
To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces. --H.
Martineau.
Grimaced \Gri*maced"\, a.
Distorted; crabbed.
Grimalkin \Gri*mal"kin\, n. [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.]
An old cat, esp. a she-cat. --J. Philips.
Grime \Grime\, n. [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime,
Icel. gr[imac]ma mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel,
soot, smut, and E. grimace.]
Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply
ingrained.
Grime \Grime\, v. t.
To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. --Shak.
Grimily \Grim"i*ly\, adv.
In a grimy manner.
Griminess \Grim"i*ness\ n.
The state of being grimy.
Grimly \Grim"ly\, a.
Grim; hideous; stern. [R.]
In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at
William's feet. --D. Mallet.
Grimly \Grim"ly\, adv.
In a grim manner; fiercely. --Shak.
Grimme \Grimme\, n. [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zo["o]l.)
A West African antelope ({Cephalophus rufilotus}) of a deep
bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called
also {conquetoon}.
Grimness \Grim"ness\, n. [AS. grimnes.]
Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.
Grimsir \Grim"sir\, n.
A stern man. [Obs.] --Burton.
Grimy \Grim"y\, a. [Compar. {Grimier}; superl. {Grimiest}.]
Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.
Grin \Grin\ (gr[i^]n), n. [AS. grin.]
A snare; a gin. [Obs.]
Like a bird that hasteth to his grin. --Remedy of
Love.
Grin \Grin\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Grinned} (gr[i^]nd); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Grinning}.] [OE. grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw.
grina; akin to D. grijnen, G. greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan.
grine. [root]35. Cf. {Groan}.]
1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to snarl.
2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open
the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to
show them, as in laughter, scorn, or pain.
The pangs of death do make him grin. --Shak.
Grin \Grin\, v. t.
To express by grinning.
Grinned horrible a ghastly smile. --Milton.
Grin \Grin\, n.
The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of
withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced,
or sneering smile. --I. Watts.
He showed twenty teeth at a grin. --Addison.
Grind \Grind\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ground}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grinding}.] [AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to
gnash, grind. Cf. {Grist}.]
1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the
teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the
action of millstones.
Take the millstones, and grind meal. --Is. xivii.
2.
2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make
smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill;
to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.
3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.
To grind the subject or defraud the prince.
--Dryden.
4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]
Grind \Grind\, v. i.
1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn
the millstones.
Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind.
--Milton.
2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn
grinds well.
3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass
grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.
4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to
study hard, as for an examination. --Farrar.
Grind \Grind\, n.
1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by
friction.
2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and
uninteresting study. [Colloq.] --T. Hughes.
3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]
Grinded \Grind"ed\, obs. p. p. of {Grind}.
Ground. --Sir W. Scott.
Grindelia \Grin*de"li*a\, n. [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a
Russian.] (Med.)
The dried stems and leaves of tarweed ({Grindelia}), used as
a remedy in asthma and bronchitis.
Grinder \Grind"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, grinds.
2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the
food; a molar.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The restless flycatcher ({Seisura inquieta}) of
Australia; -- called also {restless thrush} and {volatile
thrush}. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to
which the name alludes.
{Grinder's asthma, phthisis, or rot} (Med.), a lung disease
produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of
steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.
Grindery \Grind"er*y\, n.
Leather workers' materials. [Eng.]
{Grindery warehouse}, a shop where leather workers' materials
and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.]
Grinding \Grind"ing\, a. & n.
from Grind.
{Grinding frame}, an English name for a cotton spinning
machine.
{Grinding mill}.
(a) A mill for grinding grain.
(b) A lapidary's lathe.
Grindingly \Grind"ing*ly\, adv.
In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]
Grindle \Grin"dle\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The bowfin; -- called also {Johnny Grindle}. [Local, U. S.]
Grindle stone \Grin"dle stone"\
A grindstone. [Obs.]
Grindlet \Grind"let\, n.
A small drain.
Grindstone \Grind"stone`\, n.
A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or
sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects.
{To} {hold, pat, or bring} {one's nose to the grindstone}, to
oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.
They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to
suffer the Laced[ae]monians to hold their noses to
the grindstone. --Sir T.
North.
Grinner \Grin"ner\, n.
One who grins. --Addison.
Grinningly \Grin"ning*ly\, adv.
In a grinning manner.
Grint \Grint\,
3d pers. sing. pres. of {Grind}, contr. from grindeth. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Grinte \Grin"te\, obs.
imp. of {Grin}, v. i., 1.
[He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth. --Chaucer.
Grinting \Grint"ing\, n.
Grinding. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Grip \Grip\, n. [L. gryps, gryphus. See {Griffin}, {Grype}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The griffin. [Obs.]
Grip \Grip\, n. [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.]
A small ditch or furrow. --Ray.
Grip \Grip\, v. t.
To trench; to drain.
Grip \Grip\, n. [AS. gripe. Cf. {Grip}, v. t., {Gripe}, v. t.]
1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength
in grasping.
2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of
a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as,
a masonic grip.
3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as,
the grip of a sword.
4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.
Grip \Grip\, v. t. [From {Grip} a grasp; or P. gripper to seize;
-- of German origin. See {Gripe}, v. t.]
To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.
Gripe \Gripe\, n. [See {Grype}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.]
Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws.
--Shak.
{Gripe's egg}, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] --E. Jonson.
Gripe \Gripe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Griped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Griping}.] [AS. gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG.
gr?fan, Icel. gripa, Sw. gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan;
cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ. grabite to plunder, Skr. grah,
grabh, to seize. Cf. {Grip}, v. t., {Grope}.]
1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers;
to clutch.
2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely.
Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure ?
--Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and
spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of
certain purgative or indigestible substances.
How inly sorrow gripes his soul. --Shak.
Gripe \Gripe\, v. i.
1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a
gripe or as with a gripe.
2. To suffer griping pains. --Jocke.
3. (Naut.) To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which,
when sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the
helm. --R. H. Dana, Jr.
Gripe \Gripe\, n.
1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch.
A barren scepter in my gripe. --Shak.
2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the
gripe of a sword.
3. (Mech.) A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake
to stop a wheel.
4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress;
as, the gripe of poverty.
5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; -- chiefly
used in the plural.
6. (Naut.)
(a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the
fore end; the forefoot.
(b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the
water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind.
(c) pl. An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks,
fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats
when hoisted; also, broad bands passed around a boat
to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging.
{Gripe penny}, {a} miser; a niggard
. --D. L. Mackenzie.
Gripeful \Gripe"ful\, a.
Disposed to gripe; extortionate.
Griper \Grip"er\, a.
One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. --Burton.
Gripingly \Grip"ing*ly\, adv.
In a griping or oppressive manner. --Bacon.
Griman \Gri"man\, n.
The man who manipulates a grip.
Grippe \Grippe\, n. [F.] (Med.)
The influenza or epidemic catarrh. --Dunglison.
Gripper \Grip"per\, n.
1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes.
2. pl. In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.
Gripple \Grip"ple\, n.
A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Gripple \Grip"ple\, a. [Dim. fr. gripe.]
Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Grippleness \Grip"ple*ness\, n.
The quality of being gripple. [Obs.]
Gripsack \Grip"sack`\, n.
A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.]
Gris \Gris\, a. [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin;
cf. MHG. gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. {Grizzle}.]
Gray. [R.] --Chaucer.
Gris \Gris\, n. [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray
work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See {Gris}, a.]
A costly kind of fur. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gris \Gris\ (gr[i^]s), n. sing. & pl. [See {Grice} a pig.]
A little pig. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Grisaille \Gri"saille`\, n. [F., from gris gray.]
1. (Fine Arts) Decorative painting in gray monochrome; --
used in English especially for painted glass.
2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. --Knight.
Grisamber \Gris"am`ber\, n. [See {Ambergris}.]
Ambergris. [Obs.] --Milton.
Grise \Grise\ (gr[imac]s), n.
See {Grice}, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]
Grise \Grise\ (gr[imac]s or gr[=e]s), n. [Prop. pl. of gree a
step.]
A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.]
Every grise of fortune Is smoothed by that below.
--Shak.
Griseous \Gris"e*ous\, a. [LL. griseus. See {Gris}.]
Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown;
grizzled or grizzly. --Maunder.
Grisette \Gri*sette"\, n. [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth,
fr. gris gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore
gray gowns made of this stuff. See {Gars}.]
A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more
frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry.
--Sterne.
Griskin \Gris"kin\, n. [Grise a pig + -kin.]
The spine of a hog. [Obs.]
Grisled \Gri"sled\, a. [Obs.]
See Grizzled.
Grisliness \Gris"li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Grisly \Gris"ly\, a. [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic,
gryslic, fr. gr?san to shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible,
OHG. grisenl?ch, and also AS. gre?san to frighten, and E.
gruesome.]
Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a
grisly specter. ``Grisly to behold.'' --Chaucer.
A man of grisly and stern gravity. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
{Grisly bear}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Grizzly}.
Grison \Gri"son\, n. [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris
gray. See {Gris}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae
({Galictis vittata}). It is about two feet long,
exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also
called {South American glutton}.
(b) A South American monkey ({Lagothrix infumatus}), said to
be gluttonous.
Grisons \Gri"sons\, n. pl. [F.] (Geog.)
(a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps.
(b) sing. The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.
Grist \Grist\, n. [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See {Grind}.]
1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much
grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal
it produces.
Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store.
--Tusser. Q.
2. Supply; provision. --Swift.
3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a
rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in
each of the three strands. --Knight.
{All is grist that comes to his mill}, all that he has
anything to do with is a source of profit. [Colloq.]
{To bring grist to the maill}, to bring profitable business
into one's hands; to be a source of profit. [Colloq.]
--Ayliffe.
Gristle \Gris"tle\, n. [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin
to OFries. gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf.
OHG. krustila, krostela. Cf. {Grist}.] (Anat.)
Cartilage. See {Cartilage}. --Bacon.
Gristly \Gris"tly\, a. (Anat.)
Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle;
cartilaginous.
Gristmill \Grist"mill"\, n.
A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding
grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers;
a custom mill.
Grit \Grit\, n. [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. gre['o]t
grit, sant, dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel,
OHG. grioz, G. griess, Icel. grj[=o]t, and to E. groats,
grout. See {Groats}, {Grout}, and cf. {Grail} gravel.]
1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.
2. The coarse part of meal.
3. pl. Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground;
in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than
groats.
4. (Geol.) A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as,
millstone grit; -- called also {gritrock} and {gritstone.}
The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained
sandstone; as, grindstone grit.
5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of
good grit.
6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage;
fortitude. --C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.
Grit \Grit\ (gr[i^]t), v. i.
To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to
grate; to grind.
The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread.
--Goldsmith.
Grit \Grit\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gritted}; p. pr. &, vb. n.
{Gritting}.]
To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the
teeth. [Collog.]
Grith \Grith\ (gr[i^]th), n. [AS. gri[eth] peace; akin to Icel.
grid.]
Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.] --Gower.
Gritrock \Grit"rock`\ (gr[i^]t"r[o^]k`), Gritstone \Grit"stone`\
(-st[=o]n`)n. (Geol.)
See {Grit}, n., 4.
Grittiness \Grit"ti*ness\ (-t[i^]*n[e^]s), n.
The quality of being gritty.
Gritty \Grit"ty\ (-t[y^]), a.
1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by
grit; full of hard particles.
2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]
Grivet \Griv"et\ (gr[i^]v"[e^]t), n. [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zo["o]l.)
A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia ({Cercopithecus
griseo-viridis}), having the upper parts dull green, the
lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was
known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also {tota}.
Grize \Grize\ (gr[imac]z or gr[=e]z), n.
Same as {2d Grise}. [Obs.]
Grizelin \Griz"e*lin\ (gr[i^]z"[-e]*l[i^]n), a.
See {Gridelin}.
Grizzle \Griz"zle\, n. [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray,
fr. gris gray. See {Gris}, and cf. {Grisaille}.]
Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. --Shak.
Grizzled \Griz"zled\, a.
Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white
and black.
Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks. --Sir W.
Scott.
Grizzly \Griz"zly\, a.
Somewhat gray; grizzled.
Old squirrels that turn grizzly. --Bacon.
{Grizzly bear} (Zo["o]l.), a large and ferocious bear ({Ursus
horribilis}) of Western North America and the Rocky
Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its
claws.
Grizzly \Griz"zly\, n.; pl. {Grizzlies}.
1. (Zo["o]l.) A grizzly bear. See under {Grizzly}, a.
2. pl. In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw
out large stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.]
--Raymond.
Groan \Groan\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Groaned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Groaning}.] [OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr?nian, fr.
the root of grennian to grin. [root]35. See {2d Grin}, and
cf. {Grunt}.]
1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter
a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan.
For we . . . do groan, being burdened. --2 Cor. v.
4.
He heard the groaning of the oak. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans.
Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which
groaneth to be so. --Herbert.
Groan \Groan\, v. t.
To affect by groans.
Groan \Groan\, n.
A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered
in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong
disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans.
Such groans of roaring wind and rain. --Shak.
The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. --Shak.
Groanful \Groan"ful\, a.
Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Groat \Groat\, n. [LG. gr[=o]te, orig., great, that is, a great
piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See
{Great}.]
1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.
2. Any small sum of money.
Groats \Groats\, n. pl. [OE. grot, AS. gr[=a]tan; akin to Icel.
grautr porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See {Grout}.]
Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed;
in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than
grits.
{Embden groats}, crushed oats.
Grocer \Gro"cer\, n. [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who
sells by the gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier,
marchand grossier, fr. gros large, great. See {Gross}.]
A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and
various other commodities.
{Grocer's itch} (Med.), a disease of the skin, caused by
handling sugar and treacle.
Grocery \Gro"cer*y\, n.; pl. {Groceries}. [F. grosserie
wholesale. See {Grocer}.]
1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices,
etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural
form, in this sense.
A deal box . . . to carry groceries in. --Goldsmith.
The shops at which the best families of the
neighborhood bought grocery and millinery.
--Macaulay.
2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U. S.]
Grog \Grog\, n. [So named from ``Old Grog'' a nickname given to
Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in
foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the
rum of the sailors (about 1745).]
A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any
intoxicating liquor.
{Grog blossom}, a redness on the nose or face of persons who
drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.]
Groggery \Grog"ger*y\, n.; pl. {Groggeries}.
A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]
Grogginess \Grog"gi*ness\, n.
1. State of being groggy.
2. (Man.) Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse,
which causes him to move in a hobbling manner.
Groggy \Grog"gy\, a.
1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]
2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of
pugilists. [Cant or Slang]
3. (Man.) Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet;
-- said of a horse. --Youatt.
Grogram \Grog"ram\, Grogran \Grog"ran\, n. [OF. gros-grain,
lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See {Gross}, and
{Grain} a kernel, and cf. {Grog}.]
A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.
Grogshop \Grog"shop`\, n.
A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a
dramshop.
Groin \Groin\, n. [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.]
The snout of a swine. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Groin \Groin\, v. i. [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.]
To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Bears that groined coatinually. --Spenser.
Groin \Groin\, n. [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch;
akin to Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel.
greina to distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle.
Cf. {Grain} a branch.]
1. (Anat.) The line between the lower part of the abdomen and
the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.
2. (Arch.) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting
of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the
summit.
3. (Math.) The surface formed by two such vaults.
4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and
retain shingle. [Eng.] --Weale.
Groin \Groin\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Groined}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Groining}.] (Arch.)
To fashion into groins; to build with groins.
The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the
aisles of Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity.
--Emerson.
Groined \Groined\, a. (Arch.)
Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault.
Gromet \Grom"et\, n.
Same as {Grommet}.
Gromill \Grom"ill\, n. (Bot.)
See {Gromwell}.
Grommet \Grom"met\, n. [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr.
gourmer to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma
to curb.]
1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an
unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a
mailbag. Sometimes written {grummet}.
2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball
in place.
Gromwell \Grom"well\, n. [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill,
and gray millet, all prob. fr. F. gr?mil, cf. W. cromandi.]
(Bot.)
A plant of the genus {Lithospermum} ({L. arvense}), anciently
used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel.
The {German gromwell} is the {Stellera}. [Written also
{gromill}.]
Grond \Grond\,
obs. imp. of {Grind}. --Chaucer.
Gronte \Gron"te\,
obs. imp. of {Groan}. --Chaucer.
Groom \Groom\, n. [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym,
man, lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion
as in E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma
man. See {Bridegroom}.]
1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man
or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. --Spenser.
2. One of several officers of the English royal household,
chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the
groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole.
3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a
bridegroom. --Dryden.
{Groom porter}, formerly an officer in the English royal
household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's
lodgings and had certain privileges.
Groom \Groom\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Groomed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grooming}.]
To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.
Groomer \Groom"er\, n.
One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush
rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for
cleaning horses.
Groomsman \Grooms"man\, n.; pl. {Groomsmen}.
A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the
correlative of bridesmaid
.
Grooper \Groop"er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Grouper}.
Groove \Groove\, n. [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See
{Grove}.]
1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed
by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of
flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn
path; a rut.
2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs;
fixed routine.
The gregarious trifling of life in the social
groove. --J. Morley.
3. [See {Grove}.] (Mining) A shaft or excavation. [Prov.
Eng.]
Groove \Groove\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grooved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Groving}.]
To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or
grooves; to furrow.
Groover \Groov"er\, n.
1. One who or that which grooves.
2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] --Holloway.
Grooving \Groov"ing\, n.
The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or
collection of grooves.
Grope \Grope\ (gr[=o]p), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Groped}
(gr[=o]pt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Groping}.] [OE. gropen, gropien,
grapien, AS. gr[=a]pian to touch, grope, fr. gr[imac]pan to
gripe. See {Gripe}.]
1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]
2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as
a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as
in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the
hands, when one can not see.
We grope for the wall like the blind. --Is. lix. 10.
To grope a little longer among the miseries and
sensualities ot a worldly life. --Buckminster.
Grope \Grope\, v. t.
1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our
way at midnight.
2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe.
--Genevan
Test. (Acts
xxiv. ).
Groper \Grop"er\, n.
One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or
searches by feeling.
Groping-ly \Grop"ing-ly\, adv.
In a groping manner.
Gros \Gros\, n. [F. See {Gross}.]
A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros de Naples; gros de
Tours.
Grosbeak \Gros"beak\, n. [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak.
The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is {Coccothraustes
vulgaris}.
Note: Among the best known American species are the
rose-breasted ({Habia Ludoviciana}); the blue ({Guiraca
c[oe]rulea}); the pine ({Pinicola enucleator}); and the
evening grosbeak. See {Hawfinch}, and {Cardinal
grosbeak}, {Evening grosbeak}, under {Cardinal} and
{Evening}. [Written also {grossbeak}.]
Groschen \Grosch"en\, n. [G.]
A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth
about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary
system of the empire.
Grosgrain \Gros"grain`\, a. [F. Cf. {Grogram}.]
Of a coarse texture; -- applied to silk with a heavy thread
running crosswise.
Gross \Gross\, a. [Compar. {Grosser}; superl. {Grossest}.] [F.
gros, L. grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E.
crass, cf. Skr. grathita tied together, wound up, hardened.
Cf. {Engross}, {Grocer}, {Grogram}.]
1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large.
``A gross fat man.'' --Shak.
A gross body of horse under the Duke. --Milton.
2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.
3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception
or feeling; dull; witless.
Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.
--Milton.
4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual
appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.
The terms which are delicate in one age become gross
in the next. --Macaulay.
5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.
6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross
mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence.
7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross
sum, or gross amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to
{net.}
{Gross adventure} (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i.
e., on a mortgage of a ship.
{Gross average} (Law), that kind of average which falls upon
the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; --
commonly called {general average}. --Bouvier. --Burrill.
{Gross receipts}, the total of the receipts, before they are
diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; --
distinguished from net profits. --Abbott.
{Gross weight} the total weight of merchandise or goods,
without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; --
distinguished from {neat, or net, weight}.
Gross \Gross\, n. [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2).
See {Gross}, a.]
1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. ``The gross
of the enemy.'' --Addison.
For the gross of the people, they are considered as
a mere herd of cattle. --Burke.
2. sing. & pl. The number of twelve dozen; twelve times
twelve; as, a gross of bottles; ten gross of pens.
{Advowson in gross} (Law), an advowson belonging to a person,
and not to a manor.
{A great gross}, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four
dozen.
{By the gross}, by the quantity; at wholesale.
{Common in gross}. (Law) See under {Common}, n.
{In the gross}, {In gross}, in the bulk, or the undivided
whole; all parts taken together.
Grossbeak \Gross"beak`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Grosbeak}.
Gross-headed \Gross"-head`ed\, a.
Thick-skulled; stupid.
Grossification \Gross`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Gross + L. ficare (in
comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming
so.
2. (Bot.) The swelling of the ovary of plants after
fertilization. Henslow.
Grossly \Gross"ly\, adv.
In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy;
shamefully; disgracefully.
Grossness \Gross"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence;
coarseness; shamefulness.
Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the'
ear of delicacy. --Dr. T.
Dwight.
Grossular \Gros"su*lar\, a. [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia
a subgenus of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F.
groseille. See {Gooseberry}.]
Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular
garnet.
Grossular \Gros"su*lar\, n. [See {Grossular}, a.] (Min.)
A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the
gooseberry; -- called also {grossularite}.
Grossularia \Gros`su*la"ria\, n. [NL. See {Grossular}.] (Min.)
Same as {Grossular}.
Grossulin \Gros"su*lin\, n. [See {Grossular}.] (Chem.)
A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries
({Ribes Grossularia}) and other fruits.
Grot \Grot\, n. [F. grotte, It. grotta. See {Grotto}.]
A grotto. [Poetic] --Milton.
Grot \Grot\, Grote \Grote\, n.
A groat. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Grotesgue \Gro*tesgue"\, a. [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta
grotto. See {Grotto}.]
Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike;
wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of
irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic.
``Grotesque design.'' --Dryden. ``Grotesque incidents.''
--Macaulay.
Grotesque \Gro*tesque\, n.
1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old
crypts and grottoes. --Dryden.
2. Artificial grotto-work.
Grotesquely \Gro*tesque"ly\, adv.
In a grotesque manner.
Grotesqueness \Gro*tesque"ness\, n.
Quality of being grotesque.
Grotto \Grot"to\, n.; pl. {Grottoes}. [Formerly grotta, fr. It.
grotta, LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed subterranran
passage vault, cavern, Gr. ?, fr. ? concealed, fr. ? to
conceal. Cf. {Grot}, {Crypt}.]
A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an
artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.
Grotto-work \Grot"to-work`\, n.
Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto.
--Cowper.
Ground \Ground\ (ground), n. [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin
to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom,
Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust,
gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.]
1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or
some indefinite portion of it.
There was not a man to till the ground. --Gen. ii.
5.
The fire ran along upon the ground. --Ex. ix. 23.
Hence: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the
earth.
2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region;
territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or
resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place
of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground.
From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts
Egypt from Syrian ground. --Milton.
3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens,
lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the
grounds of the estate are well kept.
Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds.
--Dryden. 4.
4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The
foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise,
reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of
existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as,
the ground of my hope.
5. (Paint. & Decorative Art)
(a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition
are set, and which relieves them by its plainness,
being either of one tint or of tints but slightly
contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a
white ground. See {Background}, {Foreground}, and
{Middle-ground}.
(b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are
raised in relief.
(c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the
embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground.
See {Brussels lace}, under {Brussels}.
6. (Etching) A gummy composition spread over the surface of a
metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except
where an opening is made by the needle.
7. (Arch.) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the
plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; --
usually in the plural.
Note: Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering
floated flush with them.
8. (Mus.)
(a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few
bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to
a varying melody.
(b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.
--Moore (Encyc.).
On that ground I'll build a holy descant.
--Shak.
9. (Elec.) A conducting connection with the earth, whereby
the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.
10. pl. Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs;
lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.
11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
{Ground angling}, angling with a weighted line without a
float.
{Ground annual} (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a
vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves
an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge
upon the land.
{Ground ash}. (Bot.) See {Groutweed}.
{Ground bailiff} (Mining), a superintendent of mines.
--Simmonds.
{Ground bait}, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc.,
thrown into the water to collect the fish, --Wallon.
{Ground bass} or {base} (Mus.), fundamental base; a
fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody.
{Ground beetle} (Zo["o]l.), one of numerous species of
carnivorous beetles of the family {Carabid[ae]}, living
mostly in burrows or under stones, etc.
{Ground chamber}, a room on the ground floor.
{Ground cherry}. (Bot.)
(a) A genus ({Physalis}) of herbaceous plants having an
inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry
tomato ({P. Alkekengi}). See {Alkekengl}.
(b) A European shrub ({Prunus Cham[ae]cerasus}), with
small, very acid fruit.
{Ground cuckoo}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Chaparral cock}.
{Ground cypress}. (Bot.) See {Lavender cotton}.
{Ground dove} (Zo["o]l.), one of several small American
pigeons of the genus {Columbigallina}, esp. {C. passerina}
of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live
chiefly on the ground.
{Ground fish} (Zo["o]l.), any fish which constantly lives on
the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut.
{Ground floor}, the floor of a house most nearly on a level
with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in
England, the {first floor}.
{Ground form} (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which
the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It
is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root.
{Ground furze} (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous
shrub ({Ononis arvensis}) of Europe and Central Asia,; --
called also {rest-harrow}.
{Ground game}, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from
winged game.
{Ground hele} (Bot.), a perennial herb ({Veronica
officinalis}) with small blue flowers, common in Europe
and America, formerly thought to have curative properties.
{Ground of the heavens} (Astron.), the surface of any part of
the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded
as projected.
{Ground hemlock} (Bot.), the yew ({Taxus baccata} var.
Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from
that of Europe by its low, straggling stems.
{Ground hog}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The woodchuck or American marmot ({Arctomys monax}).
See {Woodchuck}.
(b) The aardvark.
{Ground hold} (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] --Spenser.
{Ground ice}, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water
before it forms on the surface.
{Ground ivy}. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See {Gill}.
{Ground joist}, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a.
sleeper.
{Ground lark} (Zo["o]l.), the European pipit. See {Pipit}.
{Ground laurel} (Bot.). See {Trailing arbutus}, under
{Arbutus}.
{Ground line} (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection
of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection.
{Ground liverwort} (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad
flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and
radiated receptacles ({Marchantia polymorpha}).
{Ground mail}, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a
churchyard.
{Ground mass} (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a
rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are
embedded.
{Ground parrakeet} (Zo["o]l.), one of several Australian
parrakeets, of the genera {Callipsittacus} and
{Geopsittacus}, which live mainly upon the ground.
{Ground pearl} (Zo["o]l.), an insect of the family
{Coccid[ae]} ({Margarodes formicarum}), found in ants'
nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They
are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the
natives.
{Ground pig} (Zo["o]l.), a large, burrowing, African rodent
({Aulacodus Swinderianus}) about two feet long, allied to
the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no
spines; -- called also {ground rat}.
{Ground pigeon} (Zo["o]l.), one of numerous species of
pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the
tooth-billed pigeon ({Didunculus strigirostris}), of the
Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See
{Goura}, and {Ground dove} (above).
{Ground pine}. (Bot.)
(a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus {Ajuga} ({A.
Cham[ae]pitys}), formerly included in the genus
{Teucrium} or germander, and named from its resinous
smell. --Sir J. Hill.
(b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus
{Lycopodium} ({L. clavatum}); -- called also {club
moss}.
(c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in
height, of the same genus ({L. dendroideum}) found in
moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United
States. --Gray.
{Ground plan} (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any
building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an
elevation or perpendicular section.
{Ground plane}, the horizontal plane of projection in
perspective drawing.
{Ground plate}.
(a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a
building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the
ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or
groundsel.
(b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a
mudsill.
(c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to
conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to
the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities.
--Knight.
{Ground plot}, the ground upon which any structure is
erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground
plan.
{Ground plum} (Bot.), a leguminous plant ({Astragalus
caryocarpus}) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas,
and having a succulent plum-shaped pod.
{Ground rat}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Ground pig} (above).
{Ground rent}, rent paid for the privilege of building on
another man's land.
{Ground robin}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Chewink}.
{Ground room}, a room on the ground floor; a lower room.
--Tatler.
{Ground sea}, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean,
which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause,
breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called
also {rollers}, and in Jamaica, {the North sea}.
{Ground sill}. See {Ground plate} (a) (above).
{Ground snake} (Zo["o]l.), a small burrowing American snake
({Celuta am[oe]na}). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt
tail.
{Ground squirrel}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the
genera {Tamias} and {Spermophilus}, having cheek
pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern
striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western
species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or
striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied
Western species. See {Chipmunk}, and {Gopher}.
(b) Any species of the African genus {Xerus}, allied to
{Tamias}.
{Ground story}. Same as {Ground floor} (above).
{Ground substance} (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or
matrix, of tissues.
{Ground swell}.
(a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] --Holland.
(b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean,
caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a
remote distance after the gale has ceased.
{Ground table}. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth.
{Ground tackle} (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a
vessel at anchor. --Totten.
{Ground thrush} (Zo["o]l.), one of numerous species of
bright-colored Oriental birds of the family {Pittid[ae]}.
See {Pitta}.
{Ground tier}.
(a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold.
--Totten.
(b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a
vessel's hold.
(c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater.
{Ground timbers} (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the
keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers.
--Knight.
{Ground tit}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Ground wren} (below).
{Ground wheel}, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine,
etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism.
{Ground wren} (Zo["o]l.), a small California bird ({Cham[ae]a
fasciata}) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhabits
the arid plains. Called also {ground tit}, and {wren tit}.
{To bite the ground}, {To break ground}. See under {Bite},
{Break}.
{To come to the ground}, {To fall to the ground}, to come to
nothing; to fail; to miscarry.
{To gain ground}.
(a) To advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an
army in battle gains ground.
(b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the
army gains ground on the enemy.
(c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or
influential.
{To get, or To gather}, {ground}, to gain ground. [R.]
``Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast.'' --Milton.
There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground
of them, but by bidding higher. --South.
{To give ground}, to recede; to yield advantage.
These nine . . . began to give me ground. --Shak.
{To lose ground}, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the
position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit
or reputation; to decline.
{To stand one's ground}, to stand firm; to resist attack or
encroachment. --Atterbury.
{To take the ground} to touch bottom or become stranded; --
said of a ship.
Ground \Ground\ (ground), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grounded}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Grounding}.]
1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.
2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or
principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.
Being rooted and grounded in love. --Eph. iii.
17.
So far from warranting any inference to the
existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground
even an argument to his negation. --Sir W.
Hamilton
3. To instruct in elements or first principles.
4. (Elec.) To connect with the ground so as to make the earth
a part of an electrical circuit.
5. (Fine Arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for
etching (see {Ground}, n., 5); or as paper or other
materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for
ornament.
Ground \Ground\, v. i.
To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as,
the ship grounded on the bar.
Ground \Ground\,
imp. & p. p. of {Grind}.
{Ground cock}, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its
seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. --Knight.
{Ground glass}, glass the transparency of which has been
destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding.
{Ground joint}, a close joint made by grinding together two
pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with
fine sand and water.
Groundage \Ground"age\, n.
A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it
occupies while in port. --Bouvier.
Groundedly \Ground"ed*ly\, adv.
In a grounded or firmly established manner. --Glanvill.
Grounden \Ground"en\, obs.
p. p. of {Grind}. --Chaucer.
Grounding \Ground"ing\, n.
The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or
foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process
of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton
cloth, etc.; a basis.
Groundless \Ground"less\, a. [AS. grundle['a]s bottomless.]
Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for
support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a
groundless report or assertion. -- {Ground"less*ly}, adv. --
Ground"less*ness, n.
Groundling \Ground"ling\, n. [Ground + -ling.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water,
as the loach.
2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on
the ground, and without floor or benches.
No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh.
--Coleridge.
Groundly \Ground"ly\, adv.
Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.]
Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them
provide to die as sure us fate. --Marston.
Groundnut \Ground"nut`\ (-n[u^]t`), n. (Bot.)
(a) The fruit of the {Arachis hypog[ae]a} (native country
uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut.
(b) A leguminous, twining plant ({Apios tuberosa}), producing
clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root
tuberous and pleasant to the taste.
(c) The dwarf ginseng ({Aralia trifolia}). [U. S.] --Gray.
(d) A European plant of the genus {Bunium} ({B. flexuosum}),
having an edible root of a globular shape and sweet,
aromatic taste; -- called also {earthnut}, {earth
chestnut}, {hawknut}, and {pignut}. [1913 Webster]
Groundsel \Ground"sel\, n. [OE. grundswilie, AS. grundeswylige,
grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan
to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the
eye. See {Swallow}, v.] (Bot.)
An annual composite plant ({Senecio vulgaris}), one of the
most common and widely distributed weeds on the globe.
Groundsel \Ground"sel\, Groundsill \Ground"sill`\, n. [Ground +
sill.]
See {Ground plate}
(a), under {Ground}
Groundwork \Ground"work`\, n.
That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the
basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle.
--Dryden.
Group \Group\, n. [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch,
packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. krepf craw, crop, tumor,
bunch. See {Crop}, n.]
1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of
persons or things, collected without any regular form or
arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of
isles.
2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation,
or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as,
groups of strata.
3. (Biol.) A variously limited assemblage of animals or
plants, having some resemblance, or common characteristics
in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may
be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole
genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.
4. (Mus.) A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined
at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to
any ornament made up of a few short notes.
Group \Group\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grouped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grouping}.] [Cf. F. grouper. See {Group}, n.]
To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in
groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best
effect; to form an assemblage of.
The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as
the painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of
different objects. --Prior.
{Grouped columns} (Arch.), three or more columns placed upon
the same pedestal.
Grouper \Group"er\, n. [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf.
{Garbupa}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the
genus {Epinephelus}, of the family {Serranid[ae]}, as the
red grouper, or brown snapper ({E. morio}), and the black
grouper, or warsaw ({E. nigritus}), both from Florida and
the Gulf of Mexico.
(b) The tripletail ({Lobotes}).
(c) In California, the name is often applied to the
rockfishes. [Written also {groper}, {gruper}, and
{trooper}.]
Grouping \Group"ing\, n. (Fine Arts)
The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects,
as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental
design.
Grouse \Grouse\, n. sing. & pl. [Prob. after the analogy of
mouse, mice, fr. the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen:
cf. F. piegri[`e]che shrike.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the
family {Tetraonid[ae]}, and subfamily {Tetraonin[ae]},
inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump
bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled
plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans ({Lagopus}),
having feathered feet.
Note: Among the European species are the red grouse ({Lagopus
Scoticus}) and the hazel grouse ({Bonasa betulina}).
See {Capercaidzie}, {Ptarmigan}, and {Heath grouse}.
Among the most important American species are the
ruffed grouse, or New England partridge ({Bonasa
umbellus}); the sharp-tailed grouse ({Pedioc[ae]tes
phasianellus}) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine
grouse ({Dendragapus obscurus}) of the Rocky Mountains;
the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge ({D.
Canadensis}). See also {Prairie hen}, and {Sage cock}.
The Old World sand grouse ({Pterocles}, etc.) belong to
a very different family. See {Pterocletes}, and {Sand
grouse}.
Grouse \Grouse\, v. i.
To seek or shoot grouse.
Grouser \Grou"ser\, n. ({Dredging}, {Pile Driving}, etc.)
A pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically,
to thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.
Grout \Grout\, n. [AS. grut; akin to grytt, G. gr["u]tze,
griess, Icel. grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and Z.
groats.]
1. Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats.
2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.]
3. pl. Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] ``Grouts of tea.''
--Dickens.
4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of
masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in
finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt.
Grout \Grout\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grouted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grouting}.]
To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between
stones.
Grouthead \Grout"head`\, n. [Obs.]
See {Growthead}.
Grouting \Grout"ing\, n.
The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the
grout thus filled in. --Gwilt.
Groutnol \Grout"nol\, n. [See {Groat}, and {Noll}, n.] [Obs.]
Same as {Growthead.} --Beau. & Fl.
Grouty \Grout"y\, a.
Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.]
Grove \Grove\, n. [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig. The original
sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See
{Grave}, v., and cf. {Groove}.]
A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without
underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by
art; a wood of small extent.
Note: The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the
Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated
in the Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters
agree that by Asherah an idol or image of some kind is
intended.
Grovel \Grov"el\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Groveled}or {Grovelled};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Groveling} or {Grovelling}.] [From OE.
grovelinge, grufelinge, adv., on the face, prone, which was
misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE. gruf, groff, in the same
sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. gr[=u]fa, in [=a] gr[=u]fu
on the face, prone, gr[=u]fa to grovel.]
1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to
lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the
earth; to lie fiat on one's belly, expressive of
abjectness; to crawl.
To creep and grovel on the ground. --Dryden.
2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to
be low, abject, or mean.
Groveler \Grov"el*er\, n.
One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also
--groveller.]
Groveling \Grov"el*ing\, a.
Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also {grovelling}.] ``A
groveling creature.'' --Cowper.
Grovy \Grov"y\, a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or
frequenting, groves. --Dampier.
Grow \Grow\, v. i. [imp. {Grew}; p. p. {Grown ; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Growing}.] [AS. grawan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. groa,
Dan. groe, Sw. gro. Cf. {Green}, {Grass}.]
1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to
increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter
into the living organism; -- said of animals and
vegetables and their organs.
2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to
be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue.
Winter began to grow fast on. --Knolles.
Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to
me by Antipholus. --Shak.
3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be
produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice
grows in warm countries.
Where law faileth, error groweth. --Gower.
4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect
from a cause; to become; as, to grow pale.
For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary.
--Byron.
5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere.
Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow.
--Shak.
{Growing cell}, or {Growing slide}, a device for preserving
alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a
manner to permit its growth to be watched under the
microscope.
{Grown over}, covered with a growth.
{To grow out of}, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or
as a branch from the main stem; to result from.
These wars have grown out of commercial
considerations. --A. Hamilton.
{To grow up}, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as,
grown up children.
{To grow together}, to close and adhere; to become united by
growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. --Howells.
Syn: To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand;
extend.
Grow \Grow\, v. t.
To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a
crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. --Macaulay.
Syn: To raise; to cultivate. See {Raise}, v. t., 3.
Growable \Grow"a*ble\, a.
Capable of growth.
Growan \Grow"an\, n. [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel,
sand.] (Mining.)
A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin
lodes in Cornwall.
Grower \Grow"er\, n.
One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that
which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow
grower.
Growl \Growl\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Growled}; p. pr. & vb. e.
{Growling}.] [D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to
G. grollen to be angry.]
To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give
forth an angry, grumbling sound. --Gay.
Growl \Growl\, v. t.
To express by growling. --Thomson.
Growl \Growl\, n.
The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling
sound.
Growler \Growl"er\, n.
1. One who growls.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The large-mouthed black bass. [Local]
3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.]
Growlingly \Growl"ing*ly\, adv.
In a growling manner.
Grown \Grown\,
p. p. of {Grow}.
Growse \Growse\, v. i. [Cf. gruesome, grcwsome, and G. grausen
to make shudder, shiver.]
To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Ray.
Growth \Growth\, n. [Icel. gro?r, gr??i. See {Grow}.]
1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal
or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or
root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number,
frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement;
production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of
trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance.
Idle weeds are fast in growth. --Shak.
2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced;
product; consequence; effect; result.
Nature multiplies her fertile growth. --Milton.
Growthead \Growt"head`\, n. [Lit., greathead.]
A lazy person; a blockhead. [Obs.] --Tusser.
Growthful \Growth"ful\, a.
Having capacity of growth. [R.] --J. Hamilton.
Groyne \Groyne\, n. [Obs.]
See {Groin}.
Grozing iron \Gro"zing i"ron\
1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead
of a diamond for cutting glass.
2. (Plumbing) A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead
pipe. --Knight.
Grub \Grub\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Grubbed}, p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grubbing}.] [OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.]
1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object
that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in
digging.
2. To drudge; to do menial work. --Richardson.
Grub \Grub\, v. t.
1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; --
followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge.
They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin.
--Hare.
2. To supply with food. [Slang] --Dickens.
Grub \Grub\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle;
-- called also grubworm. See Illust. of {Goldsmith
beetle}, under {Goldsmith}.
Yet your butterfly was a grub. --Shak.
2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] --Carew.
3. Victuals; food. [Slang] --Halliwell.
{Grub ax} or {axe}, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up
roots, etc.
{Grub breaker}. Same as {Grub hook} (below).
{Grub hoe}, a heavy hoe for grubbing.
{Grub hook}, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps,
breaking roots, etc.
{Grub saw}, a handsaw used for sawing marble.
{Grub Street}, a street in London (now called {Milton
Street}), described by Dr. Johnson as ``much inhabited by
writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary
poems, whence any mean production is called grubstreet.''
As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production
of, Grub Street.
I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays.
--Gap.
Grubber \Grub"ber\, n.
One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool
of the nature of a grub ax, grub hook, etc.
Grubbla \Grub"bla\, v. t. & i. [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.]
To feel or grope in the dark. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Grubby \Grub"by\, a. [From {Grub}.]
Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.]
The grubby game of marbles. --Lond. Sat.
Rev.
Grubby \Grub"by\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of {Cottus}; a sculpin. [Local, U. S.]
Grubworm \Grub"worm\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Grub}, n., 1.
And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view. --C.
Smart.
Grucche \Grucche\, v. i. [See {Grudge}.]
To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.]
What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan. --Chaucer.
Grudge \Grudge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grudger}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Grudging}.] [OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur,
grumble, OF. grochier, grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf.
Icel. krytja to murmur, krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.]
1. To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to
envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to
give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; --
followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct
and indirect objects.
Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off
my train. --Shak.
I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did
not grudge us our employments. --Swift.
They have grudged us contribution. --Shak.
2. To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or purpose;
to cherish enviously. [Obs.]
Perish they That grudge one thought against your
majesty ! --Shak.
Grudge \Grudge\, v. i.
1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur;
to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.
Grudge not one against another. --James v. 9.
He eats his meat without grudging. --Shak.
2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] --Bp. Fisher.
Grudge \Grudge\, n.
1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or
dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel.
Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and eumity
against hie brother Jacob. --South.
The feeling may not be envy; it may not be
imbittered by a grudge. --I. Taylor.
2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.]
Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling
againat the grudges of more dreaded calamities.
--Milton.
Syn: Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See
{Pique}.
Grudgeful \Grudge"ful\, a.
Full of grudge; envious. ``Grudgeful discontent.'' --Spenser.
Grudgeons \Grud"geons\, Gurgeons \Gur"geons\, n. pl. [Prob. from
P. grugir to craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E.
grout.]
Coarse meal. [Obs.]
Gruddger \Gruddg"er\, n.
One who grudges.
Grudgingly \Grudg"ing*ly\, adv.
In a grudging manner.
Grudgingness \Grudg"ing*ness\, n.
The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge
or unwillingness.
Gruel \Gru"el\, n. [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf.
OHG. gruzzi groats, G. gr["u]tze, As. grut. See {Grout}.]
A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal,
or fiour in water or milk; thin porridge.
Gruelly \Gru"el*ly\, a.
Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.
Gruesome \Grue"some\, a.
Same as {Grewsome}. [Scot.]
Gruf \Gruf\, adv. [Cf. {Grovel}.]
Forwards; with one's face to the ground. [Obs.]
They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously. --Chaucer.
Gruff \Gruff\, a. [Compar. {Gruffer}; superl. {Gruffest}.] [D.
grof; akin to G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof,
perh. akin to AS. rc['o]fan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g-
standing for the AS. prefix ge-, Goth. ga-.]
Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour;
surly; severe; harsh. --Addison.
Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks. --Thackeray.
-- {Gruff"ly}, adv. -- {Gruff"ness}, n.
Grugru palm \Gru"gru palm"\ (Bot.)
A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See {Macaw
tree}, under {Macaw}. [Written also {grigri palm}.]
Grugru worm \Gru"gru worm"\ (Zo["o]l.)
The larva or grub of a large South American beetle ({Calandra
palmarum}), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar
cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.
Grum \Grum\, a. [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and
E. grim, and grumble. [root]35.]
1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim.
``Nick looked sour and grum.'' --Arbuthnof.
2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as,
Grumble \Grum"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Grunbled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Grumbling}.] [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumman, D. grommelen,
grommen, and F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm,
murmur, grumble, surly. [root]35. Cf. {Grum}, {Grim}.]
1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured
complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.
L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles
that he has no more. --Prior.
2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling
over his prey.
3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to
mutter; as, the distant thunder grumbles.
Grumble \Grum"ble\, v. t.
To express or utter with grumbling.
Grumble \Grum"ble\, n.
1. The noise of one that grumbles.
2. A grumbling, discontented disposition.
A bad case of grumble. --Mrs. H. H.
Jacksn.
Grumbler \Grum"bler\, n.
One who grumbles.
Grumblingly \Grum"bling*ly\, adv.
In a grumbling manner.
Grume \Grume\, n. [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot
of blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.]
A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood. --Quincy.
Grumbly \Grumb"ly\, adv.
In a grum manner.
Grumose \Gru*mose"\, a. (Bot.)
Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.
Grumous \Gru"mous\, a. [Cf. F. grumeleux. See {Grume}.]
1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted;
as, grumous blood.
2. (Bot.) See {Grumose}.
Grumousness \Gru"mous*ness\, n.
The state of being grumous.
Grumpily \Grump"i*ly\, adv.
In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]
Grumpy \Grump"y\, a. [Cf. {Grumble}, and {Grum}.]
Surly; dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.] --Ferby.
Grundel \Grun"del\, n. [See {Groundling}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A groundling (fish). [Prov. Eng.]
Grundsel \Grundsel\, n.
Groundsel. [Obs.]
Grunt \Grunt\ (gr[u^]nt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grunted}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Grunting}.] [OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G.
grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw. grymta; all prob. of imitative; or
perh. akin to E. groan.]
To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan
or a deep guttural sound.
Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a
weary life. --Shak.
{Grunting ox} (Zo["o]l.), the yak.
Grunt \Grunt\, n.
1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of American food
fishes, of the genus {H[ae]mulon}, allied to the snappers,
as, the black grunt ({A. Plumieri}), and the redmouth
grunt ({H. aurolineatus}), of the Southern United States;
-- also applied to allied species of the genera
{Pomadasys}, {Orthopristis}, and {Pristopoma}. Called also
pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the
noise it makes when taken.
Grunter \Grunt"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog.
``Bristled grunters.'' --Tennyson.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of several American marine fishes. See {Sea
robin}, and {Grunt}, n., 2.
3. (Brass Founding) A hook used in lifting a crucible.
Gruntingly \Grunt"ing*ly\, adv.
In a grunting manner.
Gruntle \Grun"tle\, v. i. [Freq. of grunt.]
To grunt; to grunt repeatedly. [Obs.]
Gruntling \Grunt"ling\, n.
A young hog.
Grutch \Grutch\, v.
See {Grudge}. [Obs.] --Hudibras.
Gruyere cheese \Gru"y[`e]re` cheese"\
A kind of cheese made at Gruy[`e]re, Switzerland. It is a
firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is known in the
United States as {Schweitzerk["a]se}.
Gry \Gry\, n. [Gr ? syllable, bit.]
1. A measure equal to one tenth of a line. [Obs.] --Locke.
2. Anything very small, or of little value. [R.]
Gryde \Gryde\, v. i.
To gride. See {Gride}. --Spenser.
Gryfon \Gryf"on\, n. [Obs.]
See {Griffin}. --Spenser.
Gryllus \Gryl"lus\, n. [L., locust.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of insects including the common crickets.
Grype \Grype\, v. t.
To gripe. [Obs.] See {Gripe}. --Spenser.
Grype \Grype\, n. [Gr. gry`f, grypo`s, griffin. See {Griffin}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A vulture; the griffin. [Written also {gripe}.] [Obs.]
Gryphaea \Gry*ph[ae]"a\, n. [NL., fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen.
gryphis, a griffin.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the oyster.
Gryphite \Gryph"ite\, n. [Cf. F. gryphite.] (Paleon.)
A shell of the genus Gryphea.
Gryphon \Gryph"on\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The griffin vulture.
Grysbok \Grys"bok\n. [D. grijs gray + bok buck.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small South African antelope ({Neotragus melanotis}). It is
speckled with gray and chestnut, above; the under parts are
reddish fawn.
Guacharo \Gua*cha"ro\, n. [Cf. Sp. gu['a]charo sickly,
dropsical, guacharaca a sort of bird.] (Zo["o]l.)
A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad ({Steatornis
Caripensis}, or {S. steatornis}); -- called also {oilbird.}
Note: It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds
on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in
place of butter, is extracted from the young by the
natives.
Guacho \Gua"cho\, n.; pl. {Guachos} [Spanish American.]
1. One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the
pampas of South America; a mestizo.
2. An Indian who serves as a messenger.
Guaco \Gua"co\, n. [Sp.] (Bot.)
(a) A plant ({Aristolochia anguicida}) of Carthagena, used
as an antidote to serpent bites. --Lindley.
(b) The {Mikania Guaco}, of Brazil, used for the same
purpose.
Guaiac \Gua"iac\, a. [See {Guaiacum}.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum. -- n. Guaiacum.
Guaiacum \Gua"ia*cum\, n. [NL., fr. Sp. guayaco, from native
name in Hayti.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in
tropical America.
2. The heart wood or the resin of the {Guaiacum offinale} or
lignum-vit[ae], a large tree of the West Indies and
Central America. It is much used in medicine. [Written
also {guaiac}.]
Guan \Guan\ (gw[aum]n), n. ((Zo["o]l.)
Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of
Central and South America, belonging to {Penelope}, {Pipile},
{Ortalis}, and allied genera. Several of the species are
often domesticated.
Guana \Gua"na\ (gw[aum]"n[.a]), n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Iguana}.
Guanaco \Gua*na"co\ (gw[.a]*n[aum]"k[-o]), n.; pl. {Guanacos}
(-k[=o]z). [Sp. guanaco, Peruv. huanacu. Cf. {Huanaco}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A South American mammal ({Auchenia huanaco}), allied to the
llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting
the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to
be the llama in a wild state. [Written also {huanaco}.]
Guanidine \Gua"ni*dine\, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
A strongly alkaline base, {CN3H5}, formed by the oxidation of
guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the
decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid,
it yields urea and ammonia.
Guaniferous \Gua*nif"er*ous\, a. [Guano + -ferous.]
Yielding guano. --Ure.
Guanin \Gua"nin\, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
A crystalline substance ({C5H5N5O}) contained in guano. It is
also a constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands
in mammals.
Guano \Gua"no\, n.; pl. {Guanos}. [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu
dung.]
A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or
islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of
their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is
used as a powerful fertilizer.
Guara \Gua"ra\, n. [Braz. guar['a].] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The scarlet ibis. See {Ibis}.
(b) A large-maned wild dog of South America ({Canis jubatus})
-- named from its cry.
Guarana \Gua"ra*na`\, n. [Pg.] (Med.)
A preparation from the seeds of {Paullinia sorbilis}, a woody
climber of Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and
also in the cure of headache.
Guaranine \Gua"ra*nine`\, n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same as {Caffeine}.
Guarantee \Guar`an*tee"\, n.; pl. {Guarantees}. [For guaranty,
prob. influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See
{Guaranty}, and cf. {Warrantee}.]
1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the
payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in
case of the failure of another person, who is, in the
first instance, liable to such payment or performance; an
engagement which secures or insures another against a
contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty.
His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal.
--Macaulay.
2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another
performed; a guarantor. --South.
Note: Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.
3. (Law) The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the
correlative of guarantor.
Syn: {Guarantee}, {Warranty.}
Usage: A guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will
be done or not done in future. A warranty is an
engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at
the time of the engagement.
Guarantee \Guar"an*tee`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {guaranteed}; p,
pr. & vb. n. {Guaranteeing}.] [From {Guarantee}, n.]
In law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the
payment of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another
person; to undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim,
etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at all
avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or
secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to
guarantee the execution of a treaty.
The United States shall guarantee to every State in
this Union a republican form of government.
--Constitution
of the U. S.
Guarantor \Guar"an*tor`\, n. [See {Guaranty}, and cf.
{Warrantor}.] (Law)
(a) One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety.
(b) One who engages to secure another in any right or
possession.
Guaranty \Guar"an*ty\, n.; pl. {Guaranies}. [OF. guarantie,
garantie, F. garantie, OF. guarantir, garantir, to warrant,
to guaranty, E. garantir, fr. OF. guarant, garant, a
warranter, F. garant; of German origin, and from the same
word as warranty. See {Warrant}, and cf. {Warranty},
{Guarantee}.]
In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the
payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or
duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to pay
or perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security.
Guaranty \Guar"an*ty\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Guarantied}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Guarantying}.] [From {Guaranty}, n.]
In law and common usage: To undertake or engage that another
person shall perform (what he has stipulated); to undertake
to be answerable for (the debt or default of another); to
engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or duty
by another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to
undertake to secure (something) to another, as in the case of
a contingency. See {Guarantee}, v. t.
Note: Guaranty agrees in form with warranty. Both guaranty
and guarantee are well authorized by legal writers in
the United States. The prevailing spelling, at least
for the verb, is guarantee.
Guard \Guard\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Guarded}; p. pr. &, vb. n.
{Gurding}.] [OF. guarder, garder, warder, F. garder, fr. OHG.
wart?n to be on the watch, await, G. marten. See {Ward}, v. &
n., and cf. {Guard}, n.]
1. To protect from danger; to secure against surprise,
attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to
shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect by
attendance; to accompany for protection; to care for.
For Heaven still guards the right. --Shak.
2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain
from acts of violence, or the like.
3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border;
hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.
The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with
fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on
neither. --Shak.
4. To fasten by binding; to gird. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Syn: To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.
Guard \Guard\ (g[aum]rd), v. i.
To watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be
in a state or position of defense or safety; as, careful
persons guard against mistakes.
Guard \Guard\, n. [OF. guarde, F. garde; of German origin; cf.
OHG. wart, marto, one who watches, mata a watching, Goth.
wardja watchman. See {Guard}, v. t.]
1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger,
exposure, or attack; defense; protection.
His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft.
--Shak.
2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a
person or position; a watch; a sentinel.
The guard which kept the door of the king's house.
--Kings xiv.
27.
3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a
conductor. [Eng.]
4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure
against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss; as:
(a) That part of a sword hilt which protects the hand.
(b) Ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a
garment.
(c) A chain or cord for fastening a watch to one's person
or dress.
(d) A fence or rail to prevent falling from the deck of a
vessel.
(e) An extension of the deck of a vessel beyond the hull;
esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of
strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond
the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft
against collision.
(f) A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock
frame, of a gun or pistol, having a loop, called a
bow, to protect the trigger.
(g) (Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back, as in
a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when
filled.
5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber
exercise.
6. An expression or admission intended to secure against
objections or censure.
They have expressed themselves with as few guards
and restrictions as I. --Atterbury.
7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.
8. (Zo["o]l.) The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone
of the Belemnites.
Note: Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as,
guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard
duty.
{Advanced guard}, {Coast guard}, etc. See under {Advanced},
{Coast}, etc.
{Grand guard} (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line
belonging to a system of advance posts of an army.
--Mahan.
{Guard boat}.
(a) A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war
in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good
lookout.
(b) A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the
observance of quarantine regulations.
{Guard cells} (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they
are crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll.
{Guard chamber}, a guardroom.
{Guard detail} (Mil.), men from a company regiment etc.,
detailed for guard duty.
{Guard duty} (Mil.), the duty of watching patrolling, etc.,
performed by a sentinel or sentinels.
{Guard lock} (Engin.), a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or
basin.
{Guard of honor} (Mil.), a guard appointed to receive or to
accompany eminent persons.
{Guard rail} (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a
main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard
against derailment.
{Guard ship}, a war vessel appointed to superintend the
marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English
service, to receive seamen till they can be distributed
among their respective ships.
{Life guard} (Mil.), a body of select troops attending the
person of a prince or high officer.
{Off one's guard}, in a careless state; inattentive;
unsuspicious of danger.
{On guard}, serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as
a guard or sentinel; watching.
{On one's guard}, in a watchful state; alert; vigilant.
{To mount guard} (Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or
sentinel.
{To run the guard}, to pass the watch or sentinel without
leave.
Syn: Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort;
care; attention; watch; heed.
Guardable \Guard"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. gardable. See {Guard}, v.
t.]
Capable of being guarded or protected.
Guardage \Guard"age\, n. [Cf. OF. wardage. See {Guard}, v. t.]
Wardship [Obs.] --Shak.
Guardant \Guard"ant\, a. [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard?. See
{Guard}, v. t.]
1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. (Her.) Same as {Gardant}.
Guardant \Guard"ant\, n.
A guardian. [Obs.] --Shak.
Guarded \Guard"ed\, a.
Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his
expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his
expressions were guarded. -- {Guard"edly}, adv. --
{Guard"ed*ness}, n.
Guardenage \Guard"en*age\, n.
Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] `` His tuition and guardenage.''
--Holland.
Guarder \Guard"er\, n.
One who guards.
Guardfish \Guard"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The garfish.
Guardful \Guard"ful\, a.
Cautions; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] --
{Guard"ful*ly}, adv.
Guardhouse \Guard"house`\, n. (Mil.)
A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which
soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.
Guardian \Guard"i*an\, n. [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien,
LL. guardianus. See {Guard}, v. t., and cf. {Wasden}.]
1. One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any
person or thing is committed for protection, security, or
preservation from injury; a warden.
2. (Law) One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the
person or property of an infant, a minor without living
parents, or a person incapable of managing his own
affairs.
Of the several species of guardians, the first are
guardians by nature. -- viz., the father and (in
some cases) the mother of the child. --Blockstone.
{Guardian ad litem}(Law), a guardian appointed by a court of
justice to conduct a particular suit.
{Guardians of the poor}, the members of a board appointed or
elected to care for the relief of the poor within a
township, or district.
Guardian \Guard"i*an\, a.
Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as,
a guardian care.
{Feast of Guardian Angels} (R. C. Ch.) a church festival
instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d.
{Guardian angel}.
(a) The particular spiritual being believed in some branches
of the Christian church to have guardianship and
protection of each human being from birth.
(b) Hence, a protector or defender in general. --O. W.
Holmes.
{Guardian spirit}, in the belief of many pagan nations, a
spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that
presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a
region.
Guardianage \Guard"i*an*age\, n.
Guardianship. [Obs.]
Guardiance \Guard"i*ance\, n.
Guardianship. [Obs.]
Guardianess \Guard"i*an*ess\, n.
A female guardian.
I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess. --Beau. &
Fl.
Guardianless \Guard"i*an*less\, a.
Without a guardian. --Marston.
Guardianship \Guard"i*an*ship\, n.
The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care;
watch.
Guardless \Guard"less\, a.
Without a guard or defense; unguarded. --Chapman.
Guardroom \Guard"room`\, n. (Mil.)
The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also,
a room where prisoners are confined.
Guards \Guards\ (g[aum]rdz), n. pl.
A body of picked troops; as, ``The Household Guards.''
Guardship \Guard"ship\, n.
Care; protection. [Obs.] --Swift.
Guardsman \Guards"man\, n.; pl. {Guardsmen}.
1. One who guards; a guard.
2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body
called Guards.
Guarish \Guar"ish\, v. t. [OF. guarir, garir, F. gu['e]rir.]
To heal. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Guatemala grass \Gua`te*ma"la grass"\ (Bot.)
See {Teosinte}.
Guava \Gua"va\, n. [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the
guava tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.]
A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus {Psidium.} Two
varieties are well known, the {P. pyriferum}, or {white
guava}, and {P. pomiferum}, or {red guava}. The fruit or
berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It
is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.
Gubernance \Gu"ber*nance\, n.
Government. [Obs.]
Gubernate \Gu"ber*nate\, v. t. [L. gubernatus, p. p. of
gubernare. See {Govern}.]
To govern. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Gubernation \Gu"ber*na`tion\, n. [L. gubernatio.]
The act of governing; government [Obs.] --I. Watts.
Gubernative \Gu"ber*na*tive\, a.
Governing. [Obs.]
Gubernatorial \Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al\, a. [L. gubernator governor.
See {Gabernate}.]
Pertaining to a governor, or to government.
Gudgeon \Gud"geon\, n. [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or
gob, Gr. ? Cf. {1st Goby}. ]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A small European freshwater fish ({Gobio
fluviatilis}), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and
often used for food and for bait. In America the
killifishes or minnows are often called {gudgeons.}
2. What may be got without skill or merit.
Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool
gudgeon, this opinion. --Shak.
3. A person easily duped or cheated. --Swift.
4. (Mach.) The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden
shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal,
or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a hinge,
but esp. the end journal of a horizontal.
6. (Naut.) A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to
receive the pintle of the rudder.
{Ball gudgeon}. See under {Ball}.
Gudgeon \Gud"geon\, v. t.
To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon.
[R.]
To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been
given you. --Sir IV.
Scott.
Gue \Gue\, n.
A sharper; a rogue. [Obs.] --J. Webstar.
Gueber \Gue"ber\ Guebre \Gue"bre\, n.
Same as {Gheber}.
Guelderrose' \Guel"der*rose'\, n. [Supposed to be brought from
Guelderland; hence, D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose,
F. rose de Gueldre, It. rose di Gueldra, Sp. rosa de
Gueldres.] (Bot.)
A cultivated variety of a species of {Viburnum} ({V.
Opulus}), bearing large bunches of white flowers; -- called
also {snowball tree}.
Guelph \Guelph\, Guelf \Guelf\ (gw[e^]lf), n. [It. Guelfo, from
Welf, the name of a German family.] (Hist.)
One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th
centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope,
and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German
emperors.
Guelphic \Guelph"ic\, Guelfic \Guelf"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to the family or the faction of the Guelphs.
Guenon \Guenon"\, n. [F.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several long-tailed Oriental monkeys, of the genus
{Cercocebus}, as the green monkey and grivet.
Gueparde \Gue`parde"\, n. [Cf. F. gu['e]pard.] (Zo["o]l.)
The cheetah.
Guerdon \Guer"don\, n. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum
(influenced by L. donum gift, cf. {Donation} ), fr. OHG.
widarl[=o]n; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + l[=o]n
reward, G. lohn, akin to AS. le['a]n Goth. laun. See
{Withers}.]
A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a
bad sense. --Macaulay.
So young as to regard men's frown or smile As loss or
guerdon of a glorious lot. --Byron.
He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the
just guerdon of all his former villainies. --Knolles.
Guerdon \Guer"don\, v. t. [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See
{Guerdon}, n.]
To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for. [R.]
Him we gave a costly bribe To guerdon silence.
--Tennyson.
Guerdonable \Guer"don*a*ble\, a. [Cf. OF. guerredonable.]
Worthy of reward. --Sir G. Buck.
Guerdonless \Guer"don*less\, a.
Without reward or guerdon.
Guereza \Gue*re"za\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A beautiful Abyssinian monkey ({Colobus guereza}), having the
body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white hair along
the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail. The
frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white.
Guerilla \Gue*ril"la\, a.
See {Guerrilla}.
Guerite \Guer"ite\, n. [F. gu['e]rite.] (Fort.)
A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of
works, or the acute angles of bastions.
Guernsey lily \Guern"sey lil"y\ (Bot.)
A South African plant ({Nerine Sarniensis}) with handsome
lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.
Guerrilla \Guer*ril"la\, n. [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish,
dim. of guerra war, fr. OHG. werra discord, strife. See
{War}.]
1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant
attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of
Spain during the Peninsular war.
2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular
warfare; especially, a member of an independent band
engaged in predatory excursions in war time.
Note: The term guerrilla is the diminutive of the Spanish
word guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war
carried on by detached parties; generally in the
mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular
band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not
being able, according to their character as a guerrilla
party, to carry on what the law terms a regular war.
--F. Lieder.
Guerrilla \Guer*ril"la\, a.
Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly
and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla
warfare.
Guess \Guess\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Guessed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Guessing}.] [OE. gessen; akin to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa,
Icel. gizha, D. gissen: cf. Dan. giette to guess, Icel. geta
to get, to guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and
akin to E. get. See {Get}.]
1. To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means
of knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture.
First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess.
--Pope.
2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem
preponderating, but are not decisive.
We may then guess how far it was from his design.
--Milton.
Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To
be Taxallan enemies I guess. --Dryden.
3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly;
as, he who guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has
guessed my designs.
4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.]
Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess
them. --Shak.
5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- followed
by an objective clause.
Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do
make our entrance several ways. --Shak.
But in known images of life I guess The labor
greater. --Pope.
Syn: To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think;
imagine; fancy.
Usage: {To Guess}, {Think}, {Reckon}. Guess denotes, to
attempt to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing
when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on
hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a riddle;
to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The
use of the word guess for think or believe, although
abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now
regarded as antiquated and objectionable by
discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as
a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a
purpose or a thing about which there is no
uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to bed.
Guess \Guess\, v. i.
To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with
at, about, etc.
This is the place, as well as I may guess. --Milton.
Guess \Guess\, n.
An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or
decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the
truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise.
A poet must confess His art 's like physic -- but a
happy guess. --Dryden.
Guessable \Guess"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being guessed.
Guesser \Guess"er\, n.
One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without
means of knowing.
Guessingly \Guess"ing*ly\, adv.
By way of conjecture. --Shak.
Guessive \Guess"ive\, a.
Conjectural. [Obs.] --Feltham.
Guess rope \Guess" rope"\ (Naut.)
A guess warp.
Guess warp \Guess" warp"\ (Naut.)
A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along;
-- so called because it is necessary to guess at the length
to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant
object.
Guesswork \Guess"work`\, n.
Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.
Guest \Guest\, n. [OE. gest, AS. g[ae]st, gest; akin to OS., D.,
& G. gust, Icel gestr, Sw. g["a]st, Dan. Gj["a]st, Goth.
gast, Russ. goste, and to L. hostis enemy, stranger; the
meaning stranger is the older one, but the root is unknown.
Cf. {Host} an army, {Hostile}.]
1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's
house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without
pay.
To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that night.
--Spenser.
True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest.
Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest. --Pope.
Guest \Guest\, v. t.
To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] --Sylvester.
Guest \Guest\, v. i.
To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.]
And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested
here so late. --Chapman.
Guest rope \Guest" rope"\ (Naut.)
The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom.
--Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Guestwise \Guest"wise"\, adv.
In the manner of a guest.
Gue'vi \Gue'vi\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of several very small species and varieties of African
antelopes, of the genus {Cephalophus}, as the Cape guevi or
kleeneboc ({Cephalophus pygm[ae]a}); -- called also {pygmy
antelope}. [1913 Webster]
Guffaw \Guf*faw"\, n.
A loud burst of laughter; a horse laugh. ``A hearty low
guffaw.'' --Carlyle.
Guffer \Guf"fer\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The eelpout; guffer eel.
Guggle \Gug"gle\, v. i.
See {Gurgle}.
Guhr \Guhr\, n. [G.]
A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or
clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow,
from a mixture of clay or ocher. --P. Cleaveland.
Guiac \Gui"ac\, n.
Same as {Guaiac}.
Guiacol \Gui"a*col\, n. [Guiac + -ol.] (Chem.)
A colorless liquid, {C6H4,OCH3.OH}
, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar
creosote, aud produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin.
Guiacum \Gui"a*cum\, n.
Same as {Guaiacum}.
Guib \Guib\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A West African antelope ({Tragelaphus scriptus}), curiously
marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground,
and hence called {harnessed antelope}; -- called also
{guiba.}
Guicowar \Gui"co*war\, n.
[Mahratta g[=a]ekw[=a]r, prop., a cowherd.] The title of the
sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally called
the {Guicowar of Baroda}, which is the capital of the
country.
Guidable \Guid"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled.
--Sprat.
Guidage \Guid"age\, n. [See Guide.]
1. The reward given to a guide for services. [R.]
--Ainsworth.
2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] --Southey.
Guidance \Guid"ance\, n. [See {Guide}.]
The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or
assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading.
His studies were without guidance and without plan.
--Macaulay.
Guide \Guide\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Guided}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Guiding}.] [OE. guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob.
of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed
to, Icel. viti signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob.
meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf.
{Wit}, {Guy} a rope, {Gye.}]
1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or
path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler.
I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's
court. --Shak.
2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to
superintend the training or education of; to instruct and
influence intellectually or morally; to train.
He will guide his affairs with discretion. --Ps.
cxii. 5.
The meek will he guide in judgment. --Ps. xxv. 9.
Guide \Guide\, n. [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See {Guide},
v. t.]
1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or
course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of
interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which
guides; a guidebook.
2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or
course of lifo; a director; a regulator.
He will be our guide, even unto death. --Ps. xlviii.
14.
3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge,
surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of
anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine,
or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator; as:
(a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the
flow of water to the wheel buckets.
(b) (Surgery) A grooved director for a probe or knife.
(c) (Printing) A strip or device to direct the
compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.
4. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the
directiug flank of each subdivision of a column of troops,
or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations,
marches, and alignments in tactics. --Farrow.
{Guide bar} (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the
crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston
rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute
for the parallel motion; -- called also {guide}, and
{slide bar}.
{Guide block} (Steam Engine), a block attached in to the
crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar.
{Guide meridian}. (Surveying) See under {Meridian}.
{Guide pile} (Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a
point to work to.
{Guide pulley} (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing
the line of motion of belt; an idler. --Knight.
{Guide rail} (Railroads), an additional rail, between the
others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the
locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.
Guideboard \Guide"board`\, n.
A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or
information as to the road. --Lowell.
Guidebook \Guide"book`\, n.
A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists,
etc.
Guideless \Guide"less\, a.
Without a guide. --Dryden.
Guidepost \Guide"post`\, n.
A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to
direct travelers.
Guider \Guid"er\, n.
A guide; a director. --Shak.
Guideress \Guid"er*ess\, n.
A female guide. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Guidguid \Guid"guid`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A South American ant bird of the genus {Hylactes}; -- called
also {barking bird}.
Guidon \Gui"don\, n. [F. guidon, It. guidone. See {Guide}, v.
t.]
1. A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry,
which is broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other,
or that used to direct the movements of a body of
infantry, or to make signals at sea; also, the flag of a
guild or fraternity. In the United States service, each
company of cavalry has a guidon.
The pendants and guidons were carried by the officer
of the army. --Evelyn.
2. One who carries a flag. --Johnson.
3. One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to
guide pilgrims to the Holy Land.
Gulge \Gulge\, n. [Obs.]
See {Gige}.
Guild \Guild\, n. [OE. gilds, AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, a
society or company where payment was made for its charge and
support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay. See {Yield}, v. t.]
1. An association of men belonging to the same class, or
engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and
protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the
Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild. They were
originally licensed by the government, and endowed with
special privileges and authority.
2. A guildhall. [Obs.] --Spenser.
3. A religious association or society, organized for
charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.
Guildable \Guild"a*ble\, a.
Liable to a tax. [Obs.]
Guilder \Guil"der\, n. [D. gulden, orig., golden. Cf. {Golden}.]
A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also
{florin} and {gulden}.
Guildhall \Guild"hall`\, n.
The hall where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a
townhall.
Guile \Guile\, n. [OE. guile, gile, OF. guile; of German origin,
and the same word as E. wile. See {Wile}.]
Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit;
treachery.
Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. --John
i. 47.
To wage by force or guile eternal war. --Milton.
Guile \Guile\, v. t. [OF. guiler. See {Guile}, n.]
To disguise or conceal; to deceive or delude. [Obs.]
--Spenser.
Guileful \Guile"ful\, a.
Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or
treachery; guilty. -- {Guile"ful*ly}, adv. --
{Guile"ful*ness}, n.
Guileless \Guile"less\, a.
Free from guile; artless. -- {Guile"less*ly}, adv.
{Guile"less*ness}, n.
Guilor \Guil"or\, n. [Cf. OF. guileor.]
A deceiver; one who deludes, or uses guile. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Guillemet \Guil"le*met`\, n. [F.]
A quotation mark. [R.]
Guillemot \Guil"le*mot`\, n. [F.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They
have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and
swimmers.
Note: The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus
{Uria} (as {U. troile}); the black or foolish guillemot
({Cepphus grylle}, formerly {Uria grylle}), is called
also {sea pigeon} and {eligny}. See {Murre}.
Guillevat \Guil`le*vat"\ (-v[a^]t"), n. [F. guilloire (fr.
guiller to work, ferment) + E. vat.]
A vat for fermenting liquors.
Guilloche \Guil"loche`\, n. [F. guillochis; -- said to be fr.
Guillot, the inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.)
An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings
twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving
circular openings which are filled with round ornaments.
Guilloched \Guil*loched"\, a.
Waved or engine-turned. --Mollett.
Guillotine \Guil"lo*tine`\ (g[i^]l"l[-o]*t[=e]n`), n. [F., from
Guillotin, a French physician, who proposed, in the
Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with
the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine
Louis, and was called at first {Louison} or {Louisette}.
Similar machines, however, were known earlier.]
1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy
ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by
a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim.
2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing,
resembling in its action a guillotine.
Guillotine \Guil"lo*tine`\ (g[i^]l`l[-o]*t[=e]n"), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. {Guillotined}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Guillotining}.] [Cf. F.
guillotiner.]
To behead with the guillotine.
Guilt \Guilt\ (g[i^]lt), n. [OE. gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime;
probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an
offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS.
gieldan to pay, E. yield. See {Yield}, v. t.]
1. The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment
resulting from willful disobedience of law, or from
morally wrong action; the state of one who has broken a
moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense
against right.
Satan had not answer, but stood struck With guilt of
his own sin. --Milton.
2. Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture.
A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade.
--Kent.
Guiltily \Guilt"i*ly\ (g[i^]lt"[i^]*l[y^]), adv.
In a guilty manner.
Guiltiness \Guilt"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being guilty.
Guiltless \Guilt"less\, a.
1. Free from guilt; innocent.
The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his
name in vain. --Ex. xx. 7.
2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with).
Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of
fire, had formed. --Milton.
-- {Guilt"less*ly}, adv. -- {Guilt"less*ness}, n.
Guilt-sick \Guilt"-sick`\, a.
Made sick by consciousness of guilt. ``A guilt-sick
conscience.'' --Beau. c& El.
Guilty \Guilt"y\, a. [Compar. {Gultier}; superl. {Guiltiest}.]
[AS. gyltig liable. See {Guilt}.]
1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent;
wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something
censurable; justly exposed to penalty; -- used with of,
and usually followed by the crime, sometimes by the
punishment.
They answered and said, He is guilty of death.
--Matt. xxvi.
66.
Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife.
--Dryden.
2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a
guilty look; a guilty act; a guilty feeling.
3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] --Dryden.
Guiltylike \Guilt"y*like`\ (-l[i^]k`), adv.
Guiltily. [Obs.] --Shak.
Guinea \Guin"ea\ (g[i^]n"[-e]), n.
1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for
its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea
fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named.
2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings
sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the
issue of sovereigns in 1817.
The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of
which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663,
and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went
for less than twenty-one shillings. --Pinkerton.
{Guinea corn}. (Bot.) See {Durra}.
{Guinea Current} (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean
setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of
Guinea.
{Guinea dropper} one who cheats by dropping counterfeit
guineas. [Obs.] --Gay.
{Guinea fowl}, {Guinea hen} (Zo["o]l.), an African
gallinaceous bird, of the genus {Numida}, allied to the
pheasants. The common domesticated species ({N.
meleagris}), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the
head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small
white spots. The crested Guinea fowl ({N. cristata}) is a
finer species.
{Guinea grains} (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See
{Amomum}.
{Guinea grass} (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass ({Panicum
jumentorum}) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies
and Southern United States.
{Guinea-hen flower} (Bot.), a liliaceous flower ({Fritillaria
Meleagris}) with petals spotted like the feathers of the
Guinea hen.
{Guinea peach}. See under {Peach}.
{Guinea pepper} (Bot.), the pods of the {Xylopia aromatica},
a tree of the order {Anonace[ae]}, found in tropical West
Africa. They are also sold under the name of {Piper
[AE]thiopicum}.
{Guinea pig}. [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.]
(a) (Zo["o]l.) A small Brazilian rodent ({Cavia cobaya}),
about seven inches in length and usually of a white
color, with spots of orange and black.
(b) A contemptuous sobriquet. --Smollett
{Guinea plum} (Bot.), the fruit of {Parinarium excelsum}, a
large West African tree of the order {Chrysobalane[ae]},
having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum,
which is also called {gray plum} and {rough-skin plum}.
{Guinea worm} (Zo["o]l.), a long and slender African nematoid
worm ({Filaria Medinensis}) of a white color. It lives in
the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces
painful sores.
Guipure \Gui*pure"\, n. [F.]
A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a
lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground
or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting
threads called bars or brides.
Guirland \Guir"land\, n. [Obs.]
See {Garland}.
Guise \Guise\, n. [OE. guise, gise, way, manner, F. guise, fr.
OHG. w[=i]sa, G. weise. See {Wise}, n.]
1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion;
manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used
formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in
his own fashion, to suit himself. --Chaucer.
The swain replied, ``It never was our guise To
slight the poor, or aught humane despise.'' --Pope.
2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate
indication or expression; garb; shape.
As then the guise was for each gentle swain.
--Spenser.
A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than
any which ever yet have overpowered the imagination.
--Burke.
3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.
Guiser \Guis"er\, n. [From {Guise}.]
A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Guitar \Gui*tar"\, n. [F. guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg. guitarra,
It. chitarra; all fr. Gr. ?; cf. L. cithara. Cf. {Cittern},
{Gittern}.]
A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the
violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk
covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon
with the fingers.
Guitguit \Guit"guit`\, n. [So called from its note.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species of small tropical American birds of
the family {C[oe]rebid[ae]}, allied to the creepers; --
called also {quit}. See {Quit}.
Gula \Gu"la\, n.; pl. L. {Gul[AE]}, E. {Gulas}. [L., the throat,
gullet.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the
upper throat.
(b) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.
2. (Arch.) A capping molding. Same as {Cymatium}.
Gular \Gu"lar\, a. [Cf. F. gulaire.] (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the gula or throat; as, gular plates. See
Illust. of {Bird}, and {Bowfin}.
Gulaund \Gu"laund\, n. [Icel. gul-["o]nd.]
An arctic sea bird.
Gulch \Gulch\, n.
1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.]
2. A glutton. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a
gully.
Gulch \Gulch\, v. t. [OE. gulchen; cf. dial. Sw. g["o]lka to
gulch, D. gulzig greedy, or E. gulp.]
To swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]
Guid \Guid\, n.
A flower. See {Gold}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gulden \Gul"den\, n.
See {Guilder}.
Gule \Gule\, v. t.
To give the color of gules to.
Gule \Gule\, n.
The throat; the gullet. [Obs.]
Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous. --Gauden.
Gules \Gules\, n. [OE. goules, F. gueules, the same word as
gueule throat, OF. gole, goule, L. gula. So named from the
red color of the throat. See {Gullet}, and cf. {Gula}.]
(Her.)
The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of
escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used
poetically for a red color or that which is red.
His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain In
which two swords he bore; his word, ``Divide and
reign.'' --P. Fletcher.
Follow thy drum; With man's blood paint the ground;
gules, gules. --Shak.
Let's march to rest and set in gules, like suns.
--Beau. & Fl.
Gulf \Gulf\, n. [F. golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. ? bosom, bay,
gulf, LGr. ?.]
1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or
basin,
He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between.
--Milton.
Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed.
--Luke xvi.
26.
2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking
eddy. --Shak.
A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold. --Tennyson.
4. (Geog.) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the
land; a partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico.
5. (Mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode.
{Gulf Stream} (Geog.), the warm ocean current of the North
Atlantic.
Note: It originates in the westward equatorial current, due
to the trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St.
Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to
the coast of North America, turning eastward off the
island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said
to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan
current, or Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf
Stream of the Pacific.
{Gulf weed} (Bot.), a branching seaweed ({Sargassum
bacciferum}, or sea grape), having numerous berrylike air
vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea,
and elsewhere.
Gulfy \Gulf"y\, a.
Full of whirlpools or gulfs. --Chapman.
Gulgul \Gul"gul\, n. [Hind. galgal.]
A cement made in India from sea shells, pulverized and mixed
with oil, and spread over a ship's bottom, to prevent the
boring of worms.
Gulist \Gu"list\, n. [L. gulo.]
A glutton. [Obs.]
Gull \Gull\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gulled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gulling}.] [Prob. fr. gull the bird; but cf. OSw. gylla to
deceive, D. kullen, and E. cullibility.]
To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud.
The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed. --Dryden.
I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service.
--Coleridge.
Gull \Gull\, n.
1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. --Shak.
2. One easily cheated; a dupe. --Shak.
Gull \Gull\, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. gullan, W. gwylan.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus
{Larus} and allied genera.
Note: Among the best known American species are the herring
gull ({Larus argentatus}), the great black-backed gull
({L. murinus}) the laughing gull ({L. atricilla}), and
Bonaparte's gull ({L. Philadelphia}). The common
European gull is {Larus canus}.
{Gull teaser} (Zo["o]l.), the jager; -- also applied to
certain species of terns.
Gullage \Gull"age\, n.
Act of being gulled. [Obs.]
Had you no quirk. To avoid gullage, sir, by such a
creature? --B. Jonson
Guller \Gull"er\, n.
One who gulls; a deceiver.
Gullery \Gull"er*y\, n.
An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud. [R.]
``A mere gullery.'' --Selden.
Gullet \Gul"let\, n. [OE. golet, OF. Goulet, dim. of gole,
goule, throat, F. gueule, L. gula; perh. akin to Skr. gula,
G. kenle; cf. F. goulet the neck of a bottle, goulotte
channel gutter. Cf. {Gules}, {Gully}.]
1. (Anat.) The tube by which food and drink are carried from
the pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus.
2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing
similar functions; as:
(a) A channel for water.
(b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut or channel in excavations,
of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons.
(c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.
Gulleting \Gul"let*ing\, n. (Engin.)
A system of excavating by means of gullets or channels.
Gullible \Gul"li*ble\, a.
Easily gulled; that may be duped. -- {Gul"li*bii`i*ty}, n.
--Burke.
Gullish \Gull"ish\, a.
Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] {Gull"ish*ness}, n. [Obs.]
Gully \Gul"ly\, n.; pl. {Gulles}. [Etymol. uncertain]
A large knife. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Gully \Gul"ly\, n.; pl. {Gullies}. [Formerly gullet.]
1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of
water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry.
2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate. [Eng.]
{Gully gut}, a glutton. [Obs.] --Chapman.
{Gully hole}, the opening through which gutters discharge
surface water.
Gully \Gul"ly\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gullied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gullying}.]
To wear into a gully or into gullies.
Gully \Gul"ly\, v. i.
To flow noisily. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Gulosity \Gu*los"i*ty\, n. [L. gulositas, fr. gulosus
gluttonous. See {Gullet}.]
Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity. [R.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Gulp \Gulp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gulped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gulping}.] [D. gulpen, cf. OD. golpe gulf.]
To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to
take down at one swallow.
He does not swallow, but he gulps it down. --Cowper.
The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole
narrative. --Fielding.
{To gulp up}, to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.
Gulp \Gulp\, n.
1. The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much
as is awallowed at once.
2. A disgorging. [Colloq.]
Gulph \Gulph\, n. [Obs.]
See {Gulf}.
Gult \Gult\, n.
Guilt. See {Guilt}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gulty \Gult"y\, a.
Guilty. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Guly \Gul"y\, a.
Of or pertaining to gules; red. ``Those fatal guly dragons.''
--Milton.
Gum \Gum\, n. [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen,
OHG. goumo, guomo, Icel. g?mr, Sw. gom; cf. Gr. ? to gape.]
The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the
adjacent parts of the jaws.
{Gum rash} (Med.), strophulus in a teething child; red gum.
{Gum stick}, a smooth hard substance for children to bite
upon while teething.
Gum \Gum\, v. t.
To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn
saw). See {Gummer}.
Gum \Gum\, n. [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis,
fr. Gr. ?, prob. from an Egyptian form kam?; cf. It.
{gomma}.]
1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens
when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic;
gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with
less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water;
as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins.
2. (Bot.) See {Gum tree}, {below}.
3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any
roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow
log. [Southern U. S.]
4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.]
{Black gum}, {Blue gum}, {British gum}, etc. See under
{Black}, {Blue}, etc.
{Gum Acaroidea}, the resinous gum of the Australian grass
tree ({Xanlhorrh[oe]a}).
{Gum animal} (Zo["o]l.), the galago of West Africa; -- so
called because it feeds on gums. See {Galago}.
{Gum animi or anim['e]}. See {Anim['e]}.
{Gum arabic}, a gum yielded mostly by several species of
{Acacia} (chiefly {A. vera} and {A. Arabica}) growing in
Africa and Southern Asia; -- called also {gum acacia}.
East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange
family which bears the elephant apple.
{Gum butea}, a gum yielded by the Indian plants {Butea
frondosa} and {B. superba}, and used locally in tanning
and in precipitating indigo.
{Gum cistus}, a plant of the genus {Cistus} ({Cistus
ladaniferus}), a species of rock rose.
{Gum dragon}. See {Tragacanth}.
{Gum elastic}, {Elastic gum}. See {Caoutchouc}.
{Gum elemi}. See {Elemi}.
{Gum juniper}. See {Sandarac}.
{Gum kino}. See under {Kino}.
{Gum lac}. See {Lac}.
{Gum Ladanum}, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental
species of Cistus or rock rose.
{Gum passages}, sap receptacles extending through the
parenchyma of certain plants ({Amygdalace[ae]},
{Cactace[ae]}, etc.), and affording passage for gum.
{Gum pot}, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and
mixing other ingredients.
{Gum resin}, the milky juice of a plant solidified by
exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures
of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin
containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter.
{Gum sandarac}. See {Sandarac}.
{Gum Senegal}, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees
({Acacia Verek} and {A. Adansoni["a]}) growing in the
Senegal country, West Africa.
{Gum tragacanth}. See {Tragacanth}.
{Gum tree}, the name given to several trees in America and
Australia:
(a) The black gum ({Nyssa multiflora}), one of the largest
trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue
fruit, the favorite food of the opossum. Most of the
large trees become hollow.
(b) A tree of the genus {Eucalyptus.} See {Eucalpytus.}
(c) The sweet gum tree of the United States ({Liquidambar
styraciflua}), a large and beautiful tree with
pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It
exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice.
{Gum water}, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water.
{Gum wood}, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the
{Eucalyptus piperita}, of New South Wales.
Gum \Gum\, v. t. [imp. &. p. {Gummed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gumming}.]
To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by
gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike
substance.
He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak.
Gum \Gum\, v. i.
To exude or from gum; to become gummy.
Gumbo \Gum"bo\, n. [Written aalso gombo.]
1. A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra;
okra soup.
2. The okra plant or its pods.
Gumboil \Gum"boil\, n. (Med.)
A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum.
Gumma \Gum"ma\, n.; pl. {Gummata}. [NL. So called from its gummy
contents See {Gum}.] (Med.)
A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic origin.
Gummatous \Gum*ma"tous\, a. (Med.)
Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.
Gummer \Gum"mer\, n. [From {2d Gum}.]
A punch-cutting tool, or machine for deepening and enlarging
the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw.
Gummiferous \Gum*mif"er*ous\, a. [L. gummi gum + -ferous.]
Producing gum; gum-bearing.
Gumminess \Gum"mi*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness.
Gummite \Gum"mite\, n. [So called because it occurs in rounded
or flattened pieces which look like gum.] (Min.)
A yellow amorphous mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of
uranium derived from the alteration of uraninite.
Gummosity \Gum*mos"i*ty\, n.
Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or nature. [R.]
--Floyer.
Gummous \Gum"mous\, a. [L. gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.]
1. Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a gumma.
Gummy \Gum"my\, a. [Compar. {Gummer} (?); superl. {Gummirst}.]
Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing
gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum.
Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine. --Milton.
Then rubs his gummy eyes. --Dryden.
{Gummy tumor} (Med.), a gumma.
Gump \Gump\, n. [Cf. Sw. & Dan. gump buttocks, rump, Icel.
gumprg.]
A dolt; a dunce. [Low.] --Holloway.
Gumption \Gump"tion\, n. [OE. gom, gome, attention; akin to AS.
ge['o]mian, gyman, to regard, observe, gyme care, OS. gomean
to heed, Goth. gaumjan to see, notice.]
1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense. [Colloq.]
One does not have gumption till one has been properly
cheated. --Lord Lytton.
2. (Paint.)
(a) The art of preparing colors. --Sir W. Scott.
(b) Megilp. --Fairholt.
Gun \Gun\, n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir.,
{Gael}.) A LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L.
canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E.
mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.]
1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance;
any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the
explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel
closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with
an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various
means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are
smaller guns, for hand use, and are called {small arms}.
Larger guns are called {cannon}, {ordnance},
{fieldpieces}, {carronades}, {howitzers}, etc. See these
terms in the Vocabulary.
As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in
the powder runne. --Chaucer.
The word gun was in use in England for an engine to
cast a thing from a man long before there was any
gunpowder found out. --Selden.
2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a
cannon.
3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind.
Note: Guns are classified, according to their construction or
manner of loading as {rifled} or {smoothbore},
{breech-loading} or {muzzle-loading}, {cast} or
{built-up guns}; or according to their use, as {field},
{mountain}, {prairie}, {seacoast}, and {siege guns}.
{Armstrong gun}, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named
after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong.
{Great gun}, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a
person superior in any way.
{Gun barrel}, the barrel or tube of a gun.
{Gun carriage}, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or
moved.
{Gun cotton} (Chem.), a general name for a series of
explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping
cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are
formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the
results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It
burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly
and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity.
Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are
insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the
highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See {Pyroxylin}, and
cf. {Xyloidin}. The gun cottons are used for blasting and
somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded
with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for
making collodion. See {Celluloid}, and {Collodion}. Gun
cotton is frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose.
It is not a nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of nitric
acid.
{Gun deck}. See under {Deck}.
{Gun fire}, the time at which the morning or the evening gun
is fired.
{Gun metal}, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of
copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is
also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron.
{Gun port} (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a
cannon's muzzle is run out for firing.
{Gun tackle} (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the
side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from
the gun port.
{Gun tackle purchase} (Naut.), a tackle composed of two
single blocks and a fall. --Totten.
{Krupp gun}, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named
after its German inventor, Herr Krupp.
{Machine gun}, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns,
mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a
reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the
gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in
volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several
hundred shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim.
The {Gatling gun}, {Gardner gun}, {Hotchkiss gun}, and
{Nordenfelt gun}, named for their inventors, and the
French {mitrailleuse}, are machine guns.
{To blow great guns} (Naut.), to blow a gale. See {Gun}, n.,
3.
Gun \Gun\, v. i.
To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in
participial form; as, to go gunning.
Guna \Gu"na\ (g[=oo]"n[.a]), n. [Skr. guna quality.]
In Sanskrit grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels a, i,
e, by prefixing an a element. The term is sometimes used to
denote the same vowel change in other languages.
Gunarchy \Gu"nar*chy\, n.
See {Gynarchy}.
Gunboat \Gun"boat`\, n. (Nav.)
A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.
Guncotton \Gun"cot`ton\
See under {Gun}.
Gundelet \Gun"de*let\, n. [Obs.]
See {Gondola}. --Marston.
Gunflint \Gun"flint`\, n.
A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the
charge. It was in common use before the introduction of
percussion caps.
Gunjah \Gun"jah\, n. (Bot.)
See {Ganja}.
Gunlock \Gun"lock`\, n.
The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See {Lock}.
Gunnage \Gun"nage\, n.
The number of guns carried by a ship of war.
Gunnel \Gun"nel\, n. [See {Gunwale}.]
1. A gunwale.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus
Mur[ae]noides; esp., M. gunnellus of Europe and America;
-- called also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock eel.
Gunner \Gun"ner\, n.
1. One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.
2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the
ordnance on a vessel.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The great northern diver or loon. See {Loon}.
(b) The sea bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish]
{Gunner's daughter}, the gun to which men or boys were lashed
for punishment. [Sailor's slang] --W. C. Russell.
Gunnery \Gun"ner*y\, n.
That branch of military science which comprehends the theory
of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using
ordnance.
Gunnie \Gun"nie\, n. (Mining.)
Space left by the removal of ore.
Gunning \Gun"ning\, n.
The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun.
The art of gunning was but little practiced.
--Goldsmith.
Gunny \Gun"ny\, n., Gunny cloth \Gun"ny cloth`\ [Hind. gon,
gon?,, a sack, sacking.]
A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers
(called jute) of two plants of the genus {Corchorus} ({C.
olitorius} and {C. capsularis}), of India. The fiber is also
used in the manufacture of cordage.
{Gunny bag}, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse
commodities.
Gunocracy \Gu*noc"ra*cy\, n.
See {Gyneocracy}.
Gunpowder \Gun"pow`der\, n. (Chem.)
A black, granular, explosive substance, consisting of an
intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and sulphur.
It is used in gunnery and blasting.
Note: Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter,
with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other
ingredients. Its explosive energy is due to the fact
that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen for its
own combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen
and carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or fifteen
hundred times more space than the powder which
generated them.
{Gunpowder pile driver}, a pile driver, the hammer of which
is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder.
{Gunpowder plot} (Eng. Hist.), a plot to destroy the King,
Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws against
Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators,
was about to fire the mine, which was placed under the
House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5
is known in England as {Guy Fawkes Day}.
{Gunpowder tea}, a species of fine green tea, each leaf of
which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.
Gunreach \Gun"reach`\, n.
The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.
Gunroom \Gun"room`\, n. (Naut.)
An apartment on the after end of the lower gun deck of a ship
of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the commissioned
officers, except the captain; -- called wardroom in the
United States navy.
Gunshot \Gun"shot`\, n.
1. Act of firing a gun; a shot.
2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as
to be effective; the reach or range of a gun.
Those who are come over to the royal party are
supposed to be out of gunshot. --Dryden.
Gunshot \Gun"shot`\, a.
Made by the shot of a gun: as. a gunshot wound.
Gunsmith \Gun"smith\, n.
One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an
armorer.
Gunsmithery \Gunsmith`er*y\, Gunsmith ing \Gun"smith` ing\, n.
The art or business of a gunsmith.
Gunstick \Gun"stick\, n.
A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or
ramrod. [R.]
Gunstock \Gun"stock`\, n.
The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is
fastened.
Gunstome \Gun"stome`\, n.
A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made of stone.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Gunter rig \Gun"ter rig`\ (Naut.)
A topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily
slide up and down the lower mast.
Gunter's chain \Gun"ter's chain`\ (Surveying)
The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See {Chain}, n.,
4, and {Gunter's scale}.
Gunter's line \Gun"ter's line`\
A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the
multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the
dividers; -- called also {line of lines}, and {line of
numbers}.
Gunter's quadrant \Gun"ter's quad`rant\
A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc., showing a
stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it
are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the
altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See {Gunter's scale}.
Gunter's scale \Gun"ter's scale`\
A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), a
professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who
invented also {Gunter's chain}, and {Gunter's quadrant}.
Note: Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one
side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of
chords, sines, tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other
side scales of logarithms of these various parts, by
means of which many problems in surveying and
navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of
dividers alone.
Gunwale \Gun"wale\, n. [Gun + wale. So named because the upper
guns were pointed from it.] (Naut.)
The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost
wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of
timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to
the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the
upper works of the hull. [Written also {gunnel}.]
Gurge \Gurge\, n. [L. gurges.]
A whirlpool. [Obs.]
The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge Boils out
from under ground. --Milton.
Gurge \Gurge\, v. t. [See Gorge.]
To swallow up. [Obs.]
Gurgeons \Gur"geons\, n. pl. [Obs.]
See {Grudgeons}.
Gurgle \Gur"gle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gurgled};p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gurgling}.] [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr.
L. gurgulio gullet. Cf. {Gargle}, {Gorge}.]
To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as
water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or
stones.
Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste
their music on the savage race. --Young.
Gurgle \Gur"gle\, n.
The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling
gurgles." --W. Thompson.
Gurglet \Gur"glet\, n. [See {Goglet}.]
A porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation.
Gurgling-ly \Gur"gling-ly`\, adv.
In a gurgling manner.
Gurgoyle \Gur"goyle\, n.
See {Gargoyle}.
Gurjun \Gur"jun\, n.
A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the Diptcrocarpus
l[ae]vis, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as
a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.
Gurl \Gurl\, n.
A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See {Girl}. --Chaucer.
Gurlet \Gur"let\, n. (Masonry)
A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge. --Knight.
Gurmy \Gur"my\, n. (Mining)
A level; a working.
Gurnard \Gur"nard\, Gurnet \Gur"net\n. [OF. gornal, gournal,
gornart, perh. akin to F. grogner to grunt; cf. Ir. guirnead
gurnard.] (Zo["o]l.)
One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and
allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed
cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The
name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins.
[Written also {gournet}.]
{Plyling gurnard}. See under {Flying}.
Gurniad \Gur"ni*ad\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Gwiniad}.
Gurry \Gur"ry\, n.
An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or Local]
--Holland.
Gurry \Gur"ry`\, n. [Hind. garh[=i].]
A small fort. [India]
Gurt \Gurt\, n. (Mining)
A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a
working drift. --Page.
Gurts \Gurts\, n. pl. [Cf. {Grout}.]
Groatts. [Obs.]
Gush \Gush\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gushed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gushing}.] [OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and gjsa, also D.
gucsen; perh. akin to AS. ge['o]tan to pour, G. giessen,
Goth. giutan, E. gut. Cf. {Found} to cast.]
1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush
forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously.
He smote the rock that the waters gushed out. --Ps
ixxviii 20.
A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound.
--Spenser.
2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection;
to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner.
[Colloq.]
Gush \Gush\, v. t.
1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed
plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and
with force; the fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of
anything; as, a gush of song from a bird.
The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains.
--Byron.
2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.;
effusive display of sentiment. [Collog.]
Gusher \Gush"er\, n.
One who gushes. [Colloq.]
Gushing \Gush"ing\, a.
1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing
copiously; as, gushing waters. ``Gushing blood.''
--Milton.
2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and
unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection;
sentimental. [Colloq.]
Gushingly \Gush"ing*ly\, adv.
1. In a gushing manner; copiously. --Byron.
2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively. [Colloq.]
Gusset \Gus"set\, n. [F. gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of
gousse pod, husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or W. cwysed gore,
gusset.]
1. A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the
purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering
enlargement.
Seam and gusset and band. --Hood.
2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment; as:
(a) (Armor) A small piece of chain mail at the openings of
the joints beneath the arms.
(b) (Mach.) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron,
fastened in the angles of a structure to give strength
or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and
the fire box of a locomotive boiler.
3. (Her.) An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms,
resembling a gusset.
Gust \Gust\, n. [Icel. gustr a cool breeze. Cf. {Gush}.]
1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and
brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail,
stormy gust and flaw. --Milton.
2. A sudden violent burst of passion. --Bacon.
Gust \Gust\, n. [L. gustus; cf. It. & Sp. gusto. [root]46.]
1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto.
An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as
much gust and appetite. --Jer. Taylor.
2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is
exquisitely relished; enjoyment.
Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust. --Pope.
3. Intellectual taste; fancy.
A choice of it may be made according to the gust and
manner of the ancients. --Dryden.
Gust \Gust\, v. t. [Cf. L. gustare, It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See
{GUST} a relish.]
To taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]
Gustable \Gust"a*ble\, a. [See {Gust}, v.] [Obs.]
1. Capable of being tasted; tastable.
This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming
the gall bitter; whereas there is nothing gustable
sweeter. --Harvey.
2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.
A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the
appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the
mouth. --Derham.
Gustable \Gust"a*ble\, n.
Anything that can be tasted. [Obs.]
Gustard \Gus"tard\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The great bustard.
Gustation \Gus*ta"tion\, n. [L. gustatio: cf. F. gustation.]
The act of tasting. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Gustatory \Gusta*to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the
gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.
Gustful \Gust"ful\, a.
Tasteful; well-tasted. [Obs.] --Sir K. Digby. --
{Gust"ful*ness}, n. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Gustful \Gust"ful\, a.
Gusty. [R.]
A gustful April morn. --Tennyson.
Gustless \Gust"less\, a.
Tasteless; insipid. [R.]
Gusto \Gus"to\, n. [It. or Sp., fr. L. gustus; akin to E.
choose. Cf. 2d {GUST}, {GOUR}.]
Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy.
--Dryden.
Gustoso \Gus*to"so\, a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.)
Tasteful; in a tasteful, agreeable manner.
Gusty \Gust"y\, a.
Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy;
stormy; tempestuous.
Upon a raw and gusty day. --Shak.
Gut \Gut\, n. [OE. gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig., a channel,
and akin to ge['o]tan to pour. See {FOUND} to cast.]
1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso.
2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the
enteron; (pl.) bowels; entrails.
3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a
sheep, used for various purposes. See {Catgut}.
4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin
its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a
thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used
as the snood of a fish line.
{Blind gut}. See {C[AE]cum}, n.
(b) .
Gut \Gut\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gutted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gutting}.]
1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.
2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior
or contents of; as, a mob gutted the bouse.
Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a
proper name of its vowels, used it as freely as he
pleased. --Addison.
Gutta \Gut"ta\, n.; pl. {Gutt[AE]}. [L.]
1. A drop.
2. (Arch.) One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a
frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of the
triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in
the Doric order; -- called also {campana}, and {drop}.
{Gutta serena} [L., lit. serene or clear drop] (Med.),
amaurosis.
{Gutt[ae] band}> (Arch.), the listel or band from which the
gutt[ae] hang.
Gutta-percha \Gut"ta-per`cha\, n. [Malay gutah gum + pertja the
tree from which is it procured.]
A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the
Malayan archipelago, especially by the {Isonandra, or
Dichopsis, Gutta}. It becomes soft, and unpressible at the
tamperature of boiling water, and, on cooling, retains its
new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers, but not in water.
In many of its properties it resembles caoutchouc, and it is
extensively used for many economical purposes. The {Mimusops
globosa} of Guiana also yields this material.
Guttate \Gut"tate\, a. [L. guttatus. Cf. {Gutty}.]
Spotted, as if discolored by drops.
Guttated \Gut"ta*ted\, a. [See {Guttate}.]
Besprinkled with drops, or droplike spots. --Bailey.
Guttatrap \Gut"ta*trap\, n.
The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus {Artocarpus}
({A. incisa}, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making
birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.
Gutter \Gut"ter\, n. [OE. gotere, OF. goutiere, F. goutti[`e]re,
fr. OF. gote, goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L. gutta.]
1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the
rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough.
2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off
surface water.
Gutters running with ale. --Macaulay.
3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by
erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated firing.
{Gutter member} (Arch.), an architectural member made by
treating the outside face of the gutter in a decorative
fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly
spaced, like a diminutive battlement.
{Gutter plane}, a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for
planing out gutters.
{Gutter snipe}, a neglected boy running at large; a street
Arab. [Slang]
{Gutter stick} (Printing), one of the pieces of furniture
which separate pages in a form.
Gutter \Gut*ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Guttered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Guttering}.]
1. To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to
channel. --Shak.
2. To supply with a gutter or gutters. [R.] --Dryden.
Gutter \Gut"ter\, v. i.
To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares in the
wind.
Guttifer \Gut"ti*fer`\, n. [NL., fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to
bear.] (Bot.)
A plant that exudes gum or resin.
Guttiferous \Gut*tif"er*ous\, a. (Bot.)
(a) Yielding gum or resinous substances.
(b) Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs
({Guttifer[ae]}) noted for their abounding in a resinous
sap.
Guttiform \Gut"ti*form\, a. [L. gutta a drop + -form.]
Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.
Guttle \Gut"tle\, v. t. & i. [From {GUT}, n.]
To put into the gut; to swallow greedily; to gorge; to
gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange. --Dryden.
Guttler \Gut"tler\, n.
A greedy eater; a glutton. [Obs.]
Guttulous \Gut"tu*lous\, a. [L. guttula a little drop, dim. of
gutta drop.]
In droplike form. [Obs.]
In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air. --Sir
T. Browne.
Guttural \Gut"tur*al\, a. [L. guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.]
Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat;
relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the
throat.
Children are occasionally born with guttural swellings.
--W. Guthrie.
In such a sweet, guttural accent. --Landor.
Guttural \Gut"tur*al\, n.
A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid
of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft
palate; also, a letter representing such a sound.
Gutturalism \Gut"tur*al*ism\, n.
The quality of being guttural; as, the gutturalism of A [in
the 16th cent.] --Earle.
Gutturality \Gut"tur*al"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being guttural. [R.] ``The old gutturality of
k.'' --Earle.
Gutturalize \Gut"tur*al*ize\, v. t.
To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.
Gutturally \Gut"tur*al*ly\, adv.
In a guttural manner.
Gutturalness \Gut"tur*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being guttural.
Gutturine \Gut"tur*ine\, a. [L. guttur throat.]
Pertaining to the throat. [Obs.] ``Gutturine tumor.'' --Ray.
Gutturize \Gut"tur*ize\, v. t. [L. guttur throat.]
To make in the throat; to gutturalize. [R.]
For which the Germans gutturize a sound. --Coleridge.
Gutturo- \Gut"tur*o-\
A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as,
gutturo-nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character;
gutturo-palatal.
Gutty \Gut"ty\, a. [L. gutta drop: cf. F. goutt['e]. Cf.
{Guttated}.] (Her.)
Charged or sprinkled with drops.
Gutwort \Gut"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A plant, {Globularia Alypum}, a violent purgative, found in
Africa.
Guy \Guy\, n. [Sp. guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board
of ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic
origin, and the same word as E. guide. See {Guide}, and cf.
{Gye}.]
A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as:
a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or
lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar,
or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a
suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent
lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a
structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the
ground, where it is fastened.
Guy \Guy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Guyed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Guying}.]
To steady or guide with a guy.
Guy \Guy\, n.
1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in
England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder
Plot.
The lady . . . who dresses like a guy. --W. S.
Gilbert.
2. A person of queer looks or dress. --Dickens.
Guy \Guy\, v. t.
To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule.
[Local & Collog U.S.]
Guyle \Guyle\, v. t.
To guile. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Guze \Guze\ (g[=u]z), n. [Cf. {Gules}.] (Her.)
A roundlet of tincture sanguine, which is blazoned without
mention of the tincture.
Guzzle \Guz"zle\ (g[u^]z"z'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Guzzled}, p.
pr. & vb. n. {Guzzling}.] [OP. gosillier, prob. orig., to
pass through the throat; akin to F. gosier throat; cf. It.
gozzo a bird's crop.]
To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently.
Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar. --Milton.
Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who,
while she guzzles, chats the doctor's praise.
--Roscommon.
To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. --Gay.
Guzzle \Guz"zle\, v. t.
To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to
drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer.
--Dryden.
Guzzle \Guz"zle\, n.
An insatiable thing or person.
That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure. --Marston.
Guzzler \Guz"zler\ (-zl[~e]r), n.
An immoderate drinker.
Gwiniad \Gwin"i*ad\ (gw[i^]n"[i^]*[a^]d), n. [W. gwyniad a
whiting, the name of various fishes, fr. gwyn white.] (Zool.)
A fish ({Coregonus ferus}) of North Wales and Northern
Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also {powan},
and {schelly}. [Written also {gwyniad}, {guiniad},
{gurniad}.]
Gyall \Gy"all\ (g[imac]"[add]l), n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Gayal}.
Gyb \Gyb\ (j[i^]b), Gybe \Gybe\ (j[imac]b), n. (Naut.)
See {Jib}. [Obs.]
Gybe \Gybe\ (j[imac]b), n. & v.
See {Gibe}.
Gybe \Gybe\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Gybed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gybing}.] [See {Jibe}.] (Naut.)
To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; -- said of
the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered
off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side. [Also
{jibe}.]
Gye \Gye\, v. t. [OF. guier; of German origin. See {Guide}, and
cf. {Guy}.]
To guide; to govern. [Obs.]
Discreet enough his country for to gye. --Chaucer.
Gyle \Gyle\, n. [F. guiller to ferment. Cf. {Guillevat}.]
Fermented wort used for making vinegar.
{Gyle tan} (Brewing), a large vat in which wort ferments.
Gymnal \Gym"nal\, a. & n.
Same as {Gimmal}.
Gymnasiarch \Gym*na"si*arch\, n. [L. gymnasiarchus, Gr. ?; ? + ?
to govern: cf. F. gymnasiarque.] (Gr. Antiq.)
An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and
provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense.
Gymnasium \Gym*na"si*um\n.; pl. E. {Gymnasiums}, L. {Gymnasia}.
[L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to exercise (naked), fr. ? naked.]
1. A place or building where athletic exercises are
performed; a school for gymnastics.
2. A school for the higher branches of literature and
science; a preparatory school for the university; -- used
esp. of German schools of this kind.
More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than
universities. --Hallam.
Gymnast \Gym"nast\, n. [Gr. ? a trainer of athletes: cf. F.
gymnaste. See {Gymnasium}.]
One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises; the manager
of a gymnasium; an athlete.
Gymnastic \Gym*nas"tic\, Gymnastical \Gym*nas"tic*al\, a. [L.
gymnasticus, Gr. ?: cf. F. gymnastique. See {Gymnasium}.]
Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health,
defense, or diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as
running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the
javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary exercises for
the intellect; athletic; as, gymnastic exercises, contests,
etc.
Gymnastic \Gym*nas"tic\, n.
A gymnast. [Obs.]
Gymnastically \Gym*nas"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In a gymnastic manner.
Gymnastics \Gym*nas"tics\, n.
Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing
gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the
intellect or character.
Gymnic \Gym"nic\, Gymnical \Gym"nic*al\a. [L. gymnicus, Gr. ?:
cf. F. gymnique. See {Gymmasium}.]
Athletic; gymnastic. [Obs.]
Have they not swordplayers, and every sort Of gymnic
artists, wrestlers, riders, runners ? --Milton.
Gymnic \Gym"nic\, n.
Athletic exercise. [Obs.] --Burton.
Gymnite \Gym"nite\, n. [Gr. gymno`s naked. So called as coming
from the Bare Hills, Maryland.] (Min.)
A hydrous silicate of magnesia.
Gymnoblastea \Gym"no*blas`te*a\, n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s
naked + ? to sprout.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Athecata; -- so called because the medusoid buds are not
inclosed in a capsule.
Gymnoblastic \Gym"no*blas"tic\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea.
Gymnocarpous \Gym`no*car"pous\, a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + karpo`s
fruit.] (Bot.)
Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the
perianth. --Gray.
Gymnochroa \Gym*noch"ro*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked +
chro`a skin, body.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See {Hydra}.
Gymnocladus \Gym*noc"la*dus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked +
kla`dos a branch.] (Bot.)
A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The
leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for coffee.
Gymnocopa \Gym"no*co`pa\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + ?
an oar.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, having setae
only in the cephalic appendages.
Gymnocyte \Gym"no*cyte\, n. [Gr. gymno`s nake + ky`tosa hollow
vessel.] (Biol.)
A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus.
--Haeckel.
Gymnocytode \Gym"no*cy`tode\, n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + E.
cytode.] (Biol.)
A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus. --Haeckel.
Gymnodont \Gym"no*dont\, n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + 'odoy`s,
'odo`ntos, tooth.] (Zool.)
One of a group of plectognath fishes (Gymnodontes), having
the teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates,
on each jaw, as the diodonts and tetradonts. See {Bur fish},
{Globefish}, {Diodon}.
Gymnogen \Gym"no*gen\, n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + -gen.] (Bot.)
One of a class of plants, so called by Lindley, because the
ovules are fertilized by direct contact of the pollen. Same
as {Gymnosperm}.
Gymnoglossa \Gym"no*glos`sa\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked
+ ? tongue.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is without
teeth.
Gymnolaema \Gym"no*l[ae]`ma\, Gymnolaemata \Gym*no*l[ae]"ma*ta\,
n. pl. [Nl., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + ? the throat.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome.
Gymnonoti \Gym"no*no`ti\, n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + ?
the back.] (Zo["o]l.)
The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or electrical
eel. The dorsal fin is wanting.
Gymnopaedic \Gym`no*p[ae]d"ic\ ((?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + ?,
?, a child.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having young that are naked when hatched; psilop[ae]dic; --
said of certain birds.
Gymnophiona \Gym`no*phi"o*na\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s
naked + ? serpentlike.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike
body. See {Ophiomorpha}.
Gymnophthalmata \Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
gymno`s naked + ? the eye.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of acalephs, including the naked-eyed medus[ae]; the
hydromedus[ae]. Most of them are known to be the
free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.
Gymnoplast \Gym"no*plast\, n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to
shape, mold.] (Biol.)
A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a
white blood corpuscle.
Gymnorhinal \Gym"no*rhi`nal\, a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + ?, ?, the
nose.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.
Gymnosomata \Gym`no*so"ma*ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s
naked + ?, ?, the body.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the orders of Pteropoda. They have no shell.
Gymnosophist \Gym*nos"o*phist\, n. [Gr. ?; gymno`s naked + ?
philosopher; cf. F. gymnosophisle.]
One of a sect of philosophers, said to have been found in
India by Alexander the Great, who went almost naked, denied
themselves the use of flesh, renounced bodily pleasures, and
employed themselves in the contemplation of nature.
Gymnosophy \Gym*nos"o*phy\, n.
The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. --Good.
Gymnosperm \Gym"no*sperm\, n. (Bot.)
A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e., seeds not inclosed in
an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf. {Angiosperm}.
Gymnospermous \Gym"no*sper`mous\, n. [Gr. gymno`spermos; gymno`s
naked + spe`rma seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.] (Bot.)
(a) Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or
other vessel.
(b) Belonging to the class of plants consisting of
gymnosperms.
Gymnotoka \Gym*not"o*ka\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + ?
a bringing forth.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Athecata.
Gymnotus \Gym*no"tus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + ? the
back: cf. F. gymnote.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the
{Gymnotus electricus}, or electric eel. It has a greenish,
eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power.
One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the
electric blow of the gymnotus. --De Quincey.
Gyn \Gyn\, v. i.
To begin [Obs.] See {Gin}.
Gynaeceum \Gyn`[ae]*ce"um\, Gynaecium \Gyn`[ae]*ci"um\, n. [L.,
fr. Gr. ? women's apartments, fr. ? a woman.]
The part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively
appropriated to women. [Written also {gyneceum}, {gynecium}.]
--Tennyson.
Gynaecian \Gy*n[ae]"cian\, a.
The same as {Gynecian}.
Gynaecophore \Gy`n[ae]"co*phore\, n. [Gr. gynaikei^on the
women's apartments + fe`rein to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
A ventral canal or groove, in which the males of some
di[oe]cious trematodes carry the female. See Illust. of
{H[ae]matozoa}.
Gynander \Gy*nan"der\, n. [See {Gynandrian}.] (Bot.)
A plant having the stamens inserted in the pistil.
Gynandria \Gy*nan"dri*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Gynandrian}.] (Bot.)
A class of plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow
out of, or are united with, the pistil.
Gynandrian \Gy*nan"dri*an\, Gynandrous \Gy*nan"drous\, a. [Gr.
gy`nandros of doubtful sex; gynh` a woman + 'anh`r, 'andro`s,
man: cf. F. gynandre.] (Bot.)
Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class
Gynandria.
Gynandromorph \Gy*nan"dro*morph\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An animal affected with gynandromorphism,
Gynandromorphism \Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism\, n. [Gr. gynh` a woman,
female + ?, ?, a man, male + ? form.] (Zo["o]l.)
An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side
has the external characters of the male, and the other those
of the female.
Gynandromorphous \Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Affected, with gynandromorphism.
Gynantherous \Gy*nan"ther*ous\, a. [Gr. gynh` a woman + E.
anther.] (Bot.)
Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which
the stamens are converted into pistils. --A. Brown.
Gynarchy \Gyn"ar*chy\, n. [Gr. gynh` a woman+ -archy.]
Government by a woman. --Chesterfield.
Gyneceum \Gyn"e*ce`um\, n.
See {Gyn[ae]ceum}.
Gynecian \Gy*ne"cian\, a. [Gr. ?.]
Of or relating to women.
Gynecocracy \Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy\, n. [Gr. ?; gynh`, gynaiko`s, a
woman + ? to rule: cf. F. gyn['e]cocratie. Cf. {Gynocracy}.]
Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy. --Bailey.
Gynecological \Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to gynecology.
Gynecology \Gyn"e*col`o*gy\, n. [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman+
-logy.]
The science which treats of the structure and diseases of
women. -- {Gyn`e*col"o*gist}.
Gyneocracy \Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy\, n.
See {Gynecocracy}.
Gyneolatry \Gyn`e*ol"a*try\, n. [Gr. ? a woman + ? worship.]
The adoration or worship of woman.
The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was at
best but skin-deep. --Lowell.
Gynephobia \Gyn`e*pho"bi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a woman + ?
fear.]
Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women.
--Holmes.
Gynno \Gyn"no\, v. i.
To begin. See {Gin}. [Obs.]
Gynobase \Gyn"o*base\, n. [Gr. ? a woman, female + E. base.]
(Bot.)
A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular
ovary.
Gynobasic \Gyn"o*ba`sic\, a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.
Gynocracy \Gy*noc"ra*cy\, n. [See {Gynecocracy}.]
Female government; gynecocracy.
The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from
absolute despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the
intermediate stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and
even gynocracy; for I myself remember Alsatia governed
for nearly nine months by an old fishwoman. --Sir H.
Scott.
Gynodioecious \Gy"no*di*[oe]`cious\, a. [Gr. ? a woman + E.
di?cious.] (Bot.)
Dioecious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers
on an individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers.
Gynoecium \Gy*n[oe]"ci*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a woman + ?
house.] (Bot.)
The pistils of a flower, taken collectively. See Illust. of
{Carpophore}.
Gynophore \Gyn"o*phore\, n. [Gr. ? woman, female + ? to bear,
produce: cf. F. gynophore.]
1. (Bot.) The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the
stamens, as in the passion flower. --Lindley.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the branches bearing the female
gonophores, in certain Siphonophora.
Gyp \Gyp\, n. [Said to be a sportive application of Gr. ? a
vulture.]
A college servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at
Oxford called a scout. [Cant]
Gypse \Gypse\, n. [F.]
See {Gypsum}. [Obs.] --Pococke.
Gypseous \Gyp"se*ous\, a. [L. gypseus. See {Gypsum}.]
Resembling or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities
of gypsum.
Gypsey \Gyp"sey\, n.
A gypsy. See {Gypsy}.
Gypsiferous \Gyp*sif"er*ous\, a. [Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F.
gypsif?re.]
Containing gypsum.
Gyp'sine \Gyp'sine\ ((?), a.
Gypseous. [R.] --Chambers.
Gypsography \Gyp*sog"ra*phy\, n. [Gypsum + -graphy.]
The act or art of engraving on gypsum.
Gypsoplast \Gyp"so*plast\, n. [Gypsum + Gr. ? to mold.]
A cast taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.
Gypsum \Gyp"sum\, n. [L. gypsum, Gr. ?; cf. Ar. jibs plaster,
mortar, Per. jabs?n lime.] (Min.)
A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime
(calcium). When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite
is a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine,
white, massive variety.
Gypsy \Gyp"sy\, n.; pl. {Gypsies}. [OE. Gypcyan, F. gyptien
Egyptian, gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See {Egyptian}.] [Also spelled
gipsy and gypsey.]
1. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally
from India, entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are
now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain,
England, etc., living by theft, fortune telling,
horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. {Bohemian}, {Romany}.
Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose,
Beguiled me to the very heart of loss. --Shak.
2. The language used by the gypsies. --Shak.
3. A dark-complexioned person. --Shak.
4. A cunning or crafty person [Collog.] --Prior.
Gypsy \Gyp"sy\ a.
Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies.
{Gypsy hat}, a woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually
of straw or felt.
{Gypsy winch}, a small winch, which may be operated by a
crank, or by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up
and down.
Gypsy \Gyp"sy\, v. i.
To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly.
{Gyp"sy*ing}, vb. n.
Gypsyism \Gyp"sy*ism\, n.
1. The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception;
cheating; flattery.
2. The state of a gypsy.
Gypsywort \Gyp"sy*wort"\, n. (Bot.)
A labiate plant (the {Lycopus Europ[ae]us}). Gypsies are said
to stain their skin with its juice.
Gyracanthus \Gyr`a*can"thus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr, ? round + ?
spine.] (Paleon.)
A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and carboniferous
strata; -- so named from their round, sculptured spines.
Gyral \Gy"ral\, a. [See {Gyre}.]
1. Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.
Gyrant \Gy"rant\, a.
Gyrating. [R.]
Gyrate \Gy"rate\, a. [L. gyratus made in a circular form, p. p.
of gyrare.]
Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a
circular course.
Gyrate \Gy"rate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gyrated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Gyrating}.] [L. gyratus, p. p. of gyrare to gyrate. See
{Gyre}, n.]
To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an
axis, as a tornado; to revolve.
Gyration \Gy*ra"tion\, n.
1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center;
a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis;
rotation; revolution.
The gyrations of an ascending balloon. --De Quincey.
If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle,
with gyrations continually repeated, the whole
circle will appear like fire. --Sir I.
Newton.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell.
{Center of gyration}. (Mech.) See under {Center}.
{Radius of gyration} the distance between the axis of a
rotating body and its center of gyration. --Rankine.
Gyratory \Gy"ra*to*ry\, a.
Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.
Gyre \Gyre\, n. [L. gyrus, Gr. ?, cf. ? round.]
A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a
turn or revolution; a circuit.
Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres. --Dryden.
Still expanding and ascending gyres. --Mrs.
Browning.
Gyre \Gyre\, v. t. & i. [Cf. OF. gyrer, girer. See {Gyrate}.]
To turn round; to gyrate. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall. Drayton.
Gyreful \Gyre"ful\, a.
Abounding in gyres. [Obs.]
Gyrencephala \Gyr"en*ceph`a*la\, n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. ? round+ ?
the brain.] (Zo["o]l.)
The higher orders of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is
convoluted. -- {Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous}, a.
Gyrfalcon \Gyr"fal`con\, n. [OE. gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL.
gyrofalco, perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon, and
named from its circling flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See
{Gyre}, n., {Falcon}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons,
esp. {Falco rusticolus} and the white species {F.
Islandicus}, both of which are circumpolar. The black and the
gray are varieties of the former. See Illust. of {Accipiter}.
[Written also {gerfalcon}, {gierfalcon}, and {jerfalcon}.]
Gyri \Gy"ri\, n. pl.
See {Gyrus}.
Gyrland \Gyr"land\, v. t. [See {Garland}.]
To garland. [Obs.]
Gyrodus \Gyr"o*dus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? round + ? tooth.]
(Paleon.)
A genus of extinct o["o]litic fishes, having rounded teeth in
several rows adapted for crushing.
Gyrogonite \Gy*rog"o*nite\, n. [Gr. ? circle, ring + ? fruit.]
(Paleon.)
The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of
stonewort. See {Stonewort}. --Lyell.
Gyroidal \Gy*roid"al\, a. [Gr. ? circle + -oid + -al.]
1. Spiral in arrangement or action.
2. (Crystallog.) Having the planes arranged spirally, so that
they incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical
line; -- said of certain hemihedral forms.
3. (Opt.) Turning the plane of polarization circularly or
spirally to the right or left.
Gyrolepis \Gy*rol"e*pis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? round + ? scale.]
(Paleon.)
A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red
sandetone, and the lias bone beds. --Agassiz.
Gyroma \Gy*ro"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? to round, bend, fr. ?
round.]
A turning round. [R.]
Gyromancy \Gyr"o*man"cy\, n. [Gr. ? ring, circle + -mancy: cf.
F. gyromancie.]
A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle,
and walking in or around it. --Brande & C.
Gyron \Gy"ron\, n. [F. giron; of German origin. See {Gore} a
piece of cloth,] (Her.)
A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at
the fess point and the opposite aide at the edge of the
escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is
bounded by two lines drawn from the fess point, one
horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief
corner.
Gyronny \Gy"ron*ny\, a. [F. gironn['e].] (Her.)
Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons;
-- said of an escutcheon.
Gyropigeon \Gy"ro*pi"geon\, n. [L. gyrare to revolve + E.
pigeon.]
A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected
from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting
matches. --Knight.
Gyroscope \Gy"ro*scope\, n. [Gr. ? ring, circle + -scope.]
1. A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for
illustrating the dynamics of rotating bodies, the
composition of rotations, etc. It was devised by Professor
W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the
{rotascope}.
2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault,
mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation of
the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to
preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of
the earth's motion.
Gyroscopic \Gy"ro*scop"ic\, a.
Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the
gyroscope.
Gy-rose \Gy-rose"\, a. [See {Gyre}.] (Bot.)
Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro. --Loudon.
Gyrostat \Gy"ro*stat\, n. [Gr. ? ring, circle + ? to cause to
stand.] (Physics)
A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a
fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a
thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is
used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.
Gyrostatic \Gy"ro*stat"ic\, a. (Physics)
Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics.
Gyrostatics \Gy"ro*stat"ics\, n. (Physics)
The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena
of rotating bodies.
Gyrus \Gy"rus\, n.; pl. {Gyri}. [L. See {Gyre}, n.]
A convoluted ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the
gyri of the brain; the gyri of brain coral. See {Brain}.
Gyse \Gyse\, n.
Guise. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Gyte \Gyte\, a.
Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean
gyte. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Gyve \Gyve\ (j[imac]v), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir.
geibbionn, Gael. geimheal.]
A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter.
[Written also {give}.]
Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves. --Shak.
With gyves upon his wrist. --Hood.
Gyve \Gyve\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gyved} (j[imac]vd); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Gyving}.]
To fetter; to shackle; to chain. --Spenser.
I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. --Shak.