J \J\ (j[=a]).
J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later
variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a
consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English
y in yet. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been
classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.
Note: In medical prescriptions j is still used in place of i
at the end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, vj,
xij. J is etymologically most closely related to i, y,
g; as in jot, iota; jest, gesture; join, jugular, yoke.
See {I}. J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly
equivalent in sound to dzh. It is exactly the same as g
in gem. See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 179,
211, 239.
Jaal goat \Jaal" goat`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A species of wild goat ({Capra Nubiana}) found in the
mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; -- called
also {beden}, and {jaela}.
Jab \Jab\, v. t. [Cf. {Job}.]
To thrust; to stab; to punch. See {Job}, v. t. [Scot. &
Colloq. U. S.]
Jab \Jab\, n.
A thrust or stab. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
Jabber \Jab"ber\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jabbered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Jabbering}.] [Cf. {Gibber}, {Gabble}.]
To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter
gibberish or nonsense; to chatter. --Swift.
Jabber \Jab"ber\, v. t.
To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; as, to jabber
French. --Addison.
Jabber \Jab"ber\, n.
Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance;
gibberish. --Swift.
Jabber \Jab"ber\, n.
One who jabbers.
Jabberingly \Jab"ber*ing*ly\, adv.
In a jabbering manner.
Jabberment \Jab"ber*ment\, n.
Jabber. [R.] --Milton.
Jabbernowl \Jab"ber*nowl`\, n.
Same as {Jobbernowl}.
Jabiru \Jab"i*ru\, n. [Braz. jabir['u], jabur['u].] (Zo["o]l.)
One of several large wading birds of the genera {Mycteria}
and {Xenorhynchus}, allied to the storks in form and habits.
Note: The American jabiru ({Mycteria Americana}) is white,
with the head and neck black and nearly bare of
feathers. The East Indian and Australian ({Xenorhynchus
Australis}) has the neck, head, and back covered with
glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the head to
purple. The African jabiru ({Mycteria, or
Ephippiorhynchus, Senegalensis}) has the neck, head,
wing coverts, and tail, black, and is called also
{saddle-billed stork}.
Jaborandi \Jab`o*ran"di\, n. (Bot.)
The native name of a South American rutaceous shrub
({Pilocarpus pennatifolius}). The leaves are used in medicine
as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.
Jaborine \Jab"o*rine\, n. [From {Jaborandi}.] (Chem.)
An alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is
extracted as a white amorphous substance. In its action it
resembles atropine.
Jabot \Jab"ot\, n. [F.]
1. Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of
the shirt.
2. An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and
worn by women on the front of the dress.
Jacamar \Jac"a*mar`\, n. [F. jacamar, Braz. jacamarica; cf. Sp.
jacamar.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of the
genus {Galbula} and allied genera. They are allied to the
kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and
feed upon insects. Their colors are often brilliant.
Jacana \Jac"a*na`\, n. [Cf. Sp. jacania.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any of several wading birds belonging to the genus {Jacana}
and several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the
wings. They are able to run about over floating water weeds
by means of their very long, spreading toes. Called also
{surgeon bird}.
Note: The most common South American species is {Jacana
spinosa}. The East Indian or pheasant jacana
({Hydrophasianus chirurgus}) is remarkable for having
four very long, curved, middle tail feathers.
Jacaranda \Jac`a*ran"da\, n. [Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. jacaranda.]
(Bot.)
(a) The native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees,
which produce the beautiful woods called king wood, tiger
wood, and violet wood.
(b) A genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy
trumpet-shaped flowers.
Jacare \Jac"a*re`\, n. [Pg. jacar['e]; of Brazilian origin.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A cayman. See {Yacare}.
Jacchus \Jac"chus\, n. [NL., fr. L. Jacchus a mystic name of
Bacchus, Gr. ?.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common marmoset ({Hapale vulgaris}). Formerly, the name
was also applied to other species of the same genus.
Jacconet \Jac"co*net\, n.
See {Jaconet}.
Jacent \Ja"cent\, a. [L. jacens, p. pr. of jacere to lie: cf. F.
jacent.]
Lying at length; as, the jacent posture. [R.] --Sir H.
Wotton.
Jacinth \Ja"cinth\, n. [F. jacinthe, L. hyacinthus. See
{Hyacinth}.]
See {Hyacinth}. --Tennyson.
Jack \Jack\ (j[a^]k), n. [Pg. jaca, Malayalam, tsjaka.] (Bot.)
A large tree, the {Artocarpus integrifolia}, common in the
East Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it
differs in having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great
size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its
soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are
roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain,
and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also
used for dyeing a brilliant yellow. [Written also {jak}.]
Jack \Jack\, n. [F. Jacques James, L. Jacobus, Gr. ?, Heb. Ya
'aq[=o]b Jacob; prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a
supplanter. Cf. {Jacobite}, {Jockey}.]
1. A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John.
You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby. --Shak.
2. An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a
clown; also, a servant; a rustic. ``Jack fool.''
--Chaucer.
Since every Jack became a gentleman, There 's many a
gentle person made a Jack. --Shak.
3. A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also
{Jack tar}, and {Jack afloat}.
4. A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a
subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient
service, and often supplying the place of a boy or
attendant who was commonly called Jack; as:
(a) A device to pull off boots.
(b) A sawhorse or sawbuck.
(c) A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke
jack, or kitchen jack.
(b) (Mining) A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by
blasting.
(e) (Knitting Machine) A lever for depressing the sinkers
which push the loops down on the needles.
(f) (Warping Machine) A grating to separate and guide the
threads; a heck box.
(g) (Spinning) A machine for twisting the sliver as it
leaves the carding machine.
(h) A compact, portable machine for planing metal.
(i) A machine for slicking or pebbling leather.
(k) A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for
multiplying speed.
(l) A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent
pipe, to prevent a back draught.
(m) In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece
communicating the action of the key to the quill; --
called also {hopper}.
(n) In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the
torch used to attract game at night; also, the light
itself. --C. Hallock.
5. A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting
great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body through
a small distance. It consists of a lever, screw, rack and
pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of
mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or
support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc.
The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of
jack.
6. The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls.
--Shak.
Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the
jack by delivering his bowl straight forward upon
it. --Sir W.
Scott.
7. The male of certain animals, as of the ass.
8. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A young pike; a pickerel.
(b) The jurel.
(c) A large, California rock fish ({Sebastodes
paucispinus}); -- called also {boccaccio}, and
{m['e]rou}.
(d) The wall-eyed pike.
9. A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding
a quarter of a pint. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
10. (Naut.)
(a) A flag, containing only the union, without the fly,
usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap;
-- called also {union jack}. The American jack is a
small blue flag, with a star for each State.
(b) A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead,
to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal
shrouds; -- called also {jack crosstree}. --R. H.
Dana, Jr.
11. The knave of a suit of playing cards.
Note: Jack is used adjectively in various senses. It
sometimes designates something cut short or diminished
in size; as, a jack timber; a jack rafter; a jack arch,
etc.
{Jack arch}, an arch of the thickness of one brick.
{Jack back} (Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.), a cistern which
receives the wort. See under 1st {Back}.
{Jack block} (Naut.), a block fixed in the topgallant or
royal rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts
and spars.
{Jack boots}, boots reaching above the knee; -- worn in the
17 century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc.
{Jack crosstree}. (Naut.) See 10, b, above.
{Jack curlew} (Zo["o]l.), the whimbrel.
{Jack frame}. (Cotton Spinning) See 4
(g), above.
{Jack Frost}, frost personified as a mischievous person.
{Jack hare}, a male hare. --Cowper.
{Jack lamp}, a lamp for still hunting and camp use. See def.
4
(n.), above.
{Jack plane}, a joiner's plane used for coarse work.
{Jack post}, one of the posts which support the crank shaft
of a deep-well-boring apparatus.
{Jack pot} (Poker Playing), the name given to the stakes,
contributions to which are made by each player
successively, till such a hand is turned as shall take the
``pot,'' which is the sum total of all the bets.
{Jack rabbit} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of large
American hares, having very large ears and long legs. The
California species ({Lepus Californicus}), and that of
Texas and New Mexico ({L. callotis}), have the tail black
above, and the ears black at the tip. They do not become
white in winter. The more northern prairie hare ({L.
campestris}) has the upper side of the tail white, and in
winter its fur becomes nearly white.
{Jack rafter} (Arch.), in England, one of the shorter rafters
used in constructing a hip or valley roof; in the United
States, any secondary roof timber, as the common rafters
resting on purlins in a trussed roof; also, one of the
pieces simulating extended rafters, used under the eaves
in some styles of building.
{Jack salmon} (Zo["o]l.), the wall-eyed pike, or glasseye.
{Jack sauce}, an impudent fellow. [Colloq. & Obs.]
{Jack shaft} (Mach.), the first intermediate shaft, in a
factory or mill, which receives power, through belts or
gearing, from a prime mover, and transmits it, by the same
means, to other intermediate shafts or to a line shaft.
{Jack sinker} (Knitting Mach.), a thin iron plate operated by
the jack to depress the loop of thread between two
needles.
{Jack snipe}. (Zo["o]l.) See in the Vocabulary.
{Jack staff} (Naut.), a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon
which the jack is hoisted.
{Jack timber} (Arch.), any timber, as a rafter, rib, or
studding, which, being intercepted, is shorter than the
others.
{Jack towel}, a towel hung on a roller for common use.
{Jack truss} (Arch.), in a hip roof, a minor truss used where
the roof has not its full section.
{Jack tree}. (Bot.) See 1st {Jack}, n.
{Jack yard} (Naut.), a short spar to extend a topsail beyond
the gaff.
{Blue jack}, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper.
{Hydraulic jack}, a jack used for lifting, pulling, or
forcing, consisting of a compact portable hydrostatic
press, with its pump and a reservoir containing a supply
of liquid, as oil.
{Jack-at-a-pinch}.
(a) One called upon to take the place of another in an
emergency.
(b) An itinerant parson who conducts an occasional
service for a fee.
{Jack-at-all-trades}, one who can turn his hand to any kind
of work.
{Jack-by-the-hedge} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Erysimum}
({E. alliaria}, or {Alliaria officinalis}), which grows
under hedges. It bears a white flower and has a taste not
unlike garlic. Called also, in England, {sauce-alone}.
--Eng. Cyc.
{Jack-in-a-box}.
(a) (Bot.) A tropical tree ({Hernandia sonora}), which
bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated
calyx.
(b) A child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which,
when the lid is raised, a figure springs.
(c) (Mech.) An epicyclic train of bevel gears for
transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a
manner that their relative rotation may be variable;
applied to driving the wheels of tricycles, road
locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.; an
equation box; a jack frame; -- called also
{compensating gearing}.
(d) A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the
crosspiece of a rude press.
{Jack-in-office}, an insolent fellow in authority. --Wolcott.
{Jack-in-the-bush} (Bot.), a tropical shrub with red fruit
({Cordia Cylindrostachya}).
{Jack-in-the-green}, a chimney sweep inclosed in a framework
of boughs, carried in Mayday processions.
{Jack-in-the-pulpit} (Bot.), the American plant {Aris[ae]ma
triphyllum}, or Indian turnip, in which the upright spadix
is inclosed.
{Jack-of-the-buttery} (Bot.), the stonecrop ({Sedum acre}).
{Jack-of-the-clock}, a figure, usually of a man, on old
clocks, which struck the time on the bell.
{Jack-on-both-sides}, one who is or tries to be neutral.
{Jack-out-of-office}, one who has been in office and is
turned out. --Shak.
{Jack the Giant Killer}, the hero of a well-known nursery
story.
{Jack-with-a-lantern}, {Jack-o'-lantern}.
(a) An ignis fatuus; a will-o'-the-wisp. ``[Newspaper
speculations] supplying so many more jack-o'-lanterns
to the future historian.'' --Lowell.
(b) A lantern made of a pumpkin so prepared as to show in
illumination the features of a human face, etc.
{Yellow Jack} (Naut.), the yellow fever; also, the quarantine
flag. See {Yellow flag}, under {Flag}.
Jack \Jack\, n. [F. jaque, jacque, perh. from the proper name
Jacques. Cf. {Jacquerie}.]
A coarse and cheap medi[ae]val coat of defense, esp. one made
of leather.
Their horsemen are with jacks for most part clad. --Sir
J. Harrington.
Jack \Jack\, n. [Named from its resemblance to a jack boot.]
A pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also {black
jack}. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Jack \Jack\, v. i.
To hunt game at night by means of a jack. See 2d {Jack}, n.,
4, n.
Jack \Jack\, v. t.
To move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks. See
2d {Jack}, n., 5.
Jack-a-dandy \Jack`-a-dan"dy\, n.
A little dandy; a little, foppish, impertinent fellow.
Jackal \Jack"al`\, n. [Pers. shagh[=a]l: cf. OF. jackal, F.
chacal; cf. Skr. [,c][.r]g[=a]la.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of carnivorous
animals inhabiting Africa and Asia, related to the dog and
wolf. They are cowardly, nocturnal, and gregarious. They
feed largely on carrion, and are noted for their piercing
and dismal howling.
Note: The common species of Southern Asia ({Canis aureus}) is
yellowish gray, varied with brown on the shoulders,
haunches, and legs. The common African species ({C.
anthus}) is darker in color.
2. One who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals
were once thought to kill game which lions appropriated.
[Colloq.] --Ld. Lytton.
Jack-a-lent \Jack"-a-lent\, n.
A small stuffed puppet to be pelted in Lent; hence, a simple
fellow.
Jackanapes \Jack"a*napes\, n. [For Jack o' (= of) apes; prop., a
man who exhibits apes.] [Written also {jackanape}.]
1. A monkey; an ape. --Shak.
2. A coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow.
A young upstart jackanapes. --Arbuthnot.
Jackass \Jack"ass`\, n. [2d jack + ass.]
1. The male ass; a donkey.
2. A conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead.
{Jackass bark} (Naut.), a three-masted vessel, with only the
foremast square-rigged; a barkentine.
{Jackass deer} (Zo["o]l.), the koba.
{Jackass hare}, {Jackass rabbit} (Zo["o]l.). See {Jack
rabbit}, under 2d {Jack}, n.
{Jackass penguin} (Zo["o]l.), any species of penguin of the
genus {Spheniscus}, of which several are known. One
species ({S. demersus}) inhabits the islands near the Cape
of Good Hope; another ({S. Magellanicus}) is found at the
Falkland Islands. They make a noise like the braying of an
ass; -- hence the name.
{Laughing jackass}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Laughing}.
Jackdaw \Jack"daw`\, n. [Prob. 2d jack + daw, n.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Daw}, n.
Jackeen \Jack*een"\, n.
A drunken, dissolute fellow. [Ireland] --S. C. Hall.
Jacket \Jack"et\, n. [F. jaquette, dim. of jaque. See 3d {Jack},
n.]
1. A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a
short coat without skirts.
2. An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some
nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to
prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler,
cylinder, pipe, etc.
3. (Mil.) In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and
re["e]nforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.
4. A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve
as a life preserver; -- called also {cork jacket}.
{Blue jacket}. (Naut.) See under {Blue}.
{Steam jacket}, a space filled with steam between an inner
and an outer cylinder, or between a casing and a
receptacle, as a kettle.
{To dust one's jacket}, to give one a beating. [Colloq.]
Jacket \Jack"et\, v. t.
1. To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a
jacket.
2. To thrash; to beat. [Low]
Jacketed \Jack"et*ed\, a.
Wearing, or furnished with, a jacket.
Jacketing \Jack"et*ing\, n.
The material of a jacket; as, nonconducting jacketing.
Jack Ketch \Jack" Ketch"\ [Perh. fr. Jack, the proper name +
Prov. E. ketch a hangman, fr. ketch, for catch to seize; but
see the citations below.]
A public executioner, or hangman. [Eng.]
The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard
Jaquett, where felons for a long time were executed;
from whence we have Jack Ketch. --Lloyd's MS.,
British
Museum.
[Monmouth] then accosted John Ketch, the executioner, a
wretch who had butchered many brave and noble victims,
and whose name has, during a century and a half, been
vulgarly given to all who have succeeded him in his
odious office. --Macaulay.
Jackknife \Jack"knife`\, n.
A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a pocket knife.
Jackman \Jack"man\, n.; pl. {Jackmen}.
1. One wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. See 3d
{Jack}, n.
Christie . . . the laird's chief jackman. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. A cream cheese. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot.
Jack-o'-lantern \Jack"-o'-lan`tern\, n.
See {Jack-with-a-lantern}, under 2d {Jack}.
Jackpudding \Jack"pud`ding\, n.
A merry-andrew; a buffoon. --Milton.
Jacksaw \Jack"saw`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The merganser.
Jackscrew \Jack"screw`\, n.
A jack in which a screw is used for lifting, or exerting
pressure. See Illust. of 2d {Jack}, n., 5.
Jackslave \Jack"slave`\, n.
A low servant; a mean fellow. --Shak.
Jacksmith \Jack"smith`\, n.
A smith who makes jacks. See 2d {Jack}, 4, c. --Dryden.
Jacksnipe \Jack"snipe`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small European snipe ({Limnocryptes gallinula}); --
called also {judcock}, {jedcock}, {juddock}, {jed}, and
{half snipe}.
(b) A small American sandpiper ({Tringa maculata}); -- called
also {pectoral sandpiper}, and {grass snipe}.
Jackstay \Jack"stay`\, n. (Naut.)
A rail of wood or iron stretching along a yard of a vessel,
to which the sails are fastened.
Jackstone \Jack"stone`\, n.
(a) One of the pebbles or pieces used in the game of
jackstones.
(b) (pl.) A game played with five small stones or pieces of
metal. See 6th {Chuck}.
Jackstraw \Jack"straw`\, n.
1. An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man
without property or influence. --Milton.
2. One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood,
etc., for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being
thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up
singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or
disturbing the rest of the pile. See {Spilikin}.
Jackwood \Jack"wood`\, n.
Wood of the jack ({Artocarpus integrifolia}), used in
cabinetwork.
Jacob \Ja"cob\, n. [Cf. F. Jacob. See 2d {Jack}.]
A Hebrew patriarch (son of Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews),
who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (--Gen.
xxviii. 12); -- also called {Israel}.
And Jacob said . . . with my staff I passed over this
Jordan, and now I am become two bands. --Gen. xxxii.
9, 10.
Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel.
--Gen. xxxii.
28.
{Jacob's ladder}.
(a) (Bot.) A perennial herb of the genus {Polemonium} ({P.
c[oe]ruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually
blue. Gray}.
(b) (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going
aloft. --R. H. Dana, Jr.
(c) (Naut.) A succession of short cracks in a defective spar.
{Jacob's membrane}. See {Retina}.
{Jacob's staff}.
(a) A name given to many forms of staff or weapon, especially
in the Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] --Spenser.
(b) (Surveying) See under {Staff}.
Jacobaean lily \Jac`o*b[ae]"an lil"y\ [See {Jacobean}.] (Bot.)
A bulbous plant ({Amaryllis, or Sprekelia, formosissima})
from Mexico. It bears a single, large, deep, red, lilylike
flower. [Written also {Jacobean}.]
Jacobean \Ja*co"be*an\ (?; 277), Jacobian \Ja*co"bi*an\, a.
[From L. Jacobus James. See 2d {Jack}.]
Of or pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration in
the time of James the First, of England. ``A Jacobean
table.'' --C. L. Eastlake.
Jacobin \Jac"o*bin\, n. [F. See 2d {Jack}, {Jacobite}.]
1. (Eccl. Hist.) A Dominican friar; -- so named because,
before the French Revolution, that order had a convent in
the Rue St. Jacques, Paris.
2. One of a society of violent agitators in France, during
the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the
Jacobin convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and
concerted measures to control the proceedings of the
National Assembly. Hence: A plotter against an existing
government; a turbulent demagogue.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the
neck form a hood, -- whence the name. The wings and tail
are long, and the beak moderately short.
Jacobin \Jac"o*bin\, a.
Same as {Jacobinic}.
Jacobine \Jac"o*bine\, n.
A Jacobin.
Jacobinic \Jac`o*bin"ic\, Jacobinical \Jac`o*bin"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Jacobins of France; revolutionary; of
the nature of, or characterized by, Jacobinism. --Burke. --
{Jac`o*bin"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Jacobinism \Jac"o*bin*ism\, n. [Cf. F. Jacobinisme.]
The principles of the Jacobins; violent and factious
opposition to legitimate government.
Under this new stimulus, Burn's previous Jacobitism
passed towards the opposite, but not very distant,
extreme of Jacobinism. --J. C.
Shairp.
Jacobinize \Jac"o*bin*ize`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jacobinized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Jacobinizing}.] [Cf. F. Jacobiniser.]
To taint with, or convert to, Jacobinism.
France was not then jacobinized. --Burke.
Jacobite \Jac"o*bite\, n. [L. Jacobus James: cf. F. Jacobite.
See 2d {Jack}.]
1. (Eng. Hist.) A partisan or adherent of James the Second,
after his abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of
the revolution in 1688 in favor of William and Mary.
--Macaulay.
2. (Eccl.) One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites. The sect
is named after Jacob Barad[ae]us, its leader in the sixth
century.
Jacobite \Jac"o*bite\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Jacobites.
Jacobitic \Jac`o*bit"ic\, Jacobitical \Jac`o*bit"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Jacobites; characterized by
Jacobitism. -- {Jac`o*bit"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Jacobitism \Jac"o*bit*ism`\, n.
The principles of the Jacobites. --Mason.
Jacobus \Ja*co"bus\, n.; pl. {Jacobuses}. [See {Jacobite}.]
An English gold coin, of the value of twenty-five shillings
sterling, struck in the reign of James I.
Jaconet \Jac"o*net\, n. [F. jaconas.]
A thin cotton fabric, between and muslin, used for dresses,
neckcloths, etc. [Written also {jacconet}.]
Jacquard \Jac*quard"\, a.
Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard, a French
mechanician, who died in 1834.
{Jacquard apparatus} or {arrangement}, a device applied to
looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism
controlled by a chain of variously perforated cards, which
cause the warp threads to be lifted in the proper
succession for producing the required figure.
{Jacquard card}, one of the perforated cards of a Jacquard
apparatus.
{Jackquard loom}, a loom with Jacquard apparatus.
Jacqueminot \Jacque"mi*not\, n.
A half-hardy, deep crimson rose of the remontant class; -- so
named after General Jacqueminot, of France.
Jacquerie \Jacque`rie"\, n. [F.]
The name given to a revolt of French peasants against the
nobles in 1358, the leader assuming the contemptuous title,
Jacques Bonhomme, given by the nobles to the peasantry.
Hence, any revolt of peasants.
Jactancy \Jac"tan*cy\, n. [L. jactantia, fr. jactans, p. pr. of
jactare to throw, boast, freq. fr. jacere to throw; cf. F.
jactance.]
A boasting; a bragging. [Obs.]
Jactation \Jac*ta"tion\, n. [L. jactatio, fr. jactare: af. F.
jactation. See {Jactancy}.]
A throwing or tossing of the body; a shaking or agitation.
--Sir. W. Temple.
Jactitation \Jac"ti*ta"tion\, n. [L. jactitare to utter in
public, from jactare. See {Jactancy}.]
1. (Law) Vain boasting or assertions repeated to the
prejudice of another's right; false claim. --Mozley & W.
2. (Med.) A frequent tossing or moving of the body;
restlessness, as in delirium. --Dunglison.
{Jactitation of marriage} (Eng. Eccl. Law), a giving out or
boasting by a party that he or she is married to another,
whereby a common reputation of their matrimony may ensue.
--Blackstone.
Jaculable \Jac"u*la*ble\, a.
Fit for throwing. [Obs.]
Jaculate \Jac"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jaculated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Jaculating}.] [L. jaculatus, p. p. of jaculari. See
{Ejaculate}.]
To throw or cast, as a dart; to throw out; to emit.
Jaculation \Jac`u*la"tion\, n. [L. jaculatio.]
The act of tossing, throwing, or hurling, as spears.
Hurled to and fro with jaculation dire. --Milton.
Jaculator \Jac"u*la`tor\, [L.]
1. One who throws or casts. [R.]
2. (Zo["o]l.) The archer fish ({Toxotes jaculator}).
Jaculatory \Jac"u*la*to*ry\, a. [L. jaculatorius: cf. F.
jaculatoire.]
Darting or throwing out suddenly; also, suddenly thrown out;
uttered in short sentences; ejaculatory; as, jaculatory
prayers. --Smart.
Jadding \Jad"ding\, n. (Mining)
See {Holing}.
Jade \Jade\, n. [F., fr. Sp. jade, fr. piedra de ijada stone of
the side, fr. ijada flank, side, pain in the side, the stone
being so named because it was supposed to cure this pain. Sp.
ijada is derived fr. L. ilia flanks. Cf. {Iliac}.] (Min.)
A stone, commonly of a pale to dark green color but sometimes
whitish. It is very hard and compact, capable of fine polish,
and is used for ornamental purposes and for implements, esp.
in Eastern countries and among many early peoples.
Note: The general term jade includes nephrite, a compact
variety of tremolite with a specific gravity of 3, and
also the mineral jadeite, a silicate of alumina and
soda, with a specific gravity of 3.3. The latter is the
more highly prized and includes the feitsui of the
Chinese. The name has also been given to other tough
green minerals capable of similar use.
Jade \Jade\, n. [OE. jade; cf. Prov. E. yaud, Scot. yade, yad,
yaud, Icel. jalda a mare.]
1. A mean or tired horse; a worthless nag. --Chaucer.
Tired as a jade in overloaden cart. --Sir P.
Sidney.
2. A disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also,
sometimes, a worthless man. --Shak.
She shines the first of battered jades. --Swift.
3. A young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight
contempt.
A souple jade she was, and strang. --Burns.
Jade \Jade\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jaded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jading}.]
1. To treat like a jade; to spurn. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. To make ridiculous and contemptible. [Obs.]
I do now fool myself, to let imagination jade me.
--Shak.
3. To exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labor of any
kind; to tire or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to
harass.
The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power,
. . . checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after.
--Locke.
Syn: To fatigue; tire; weary; harass.
Usage: To {Jade}, {Fatigue}, {Tire}, {Weary}. Fatigue is the
generic term; tire denotes fatigue which wastes the
strength; weary implies that a person is worn out by
exertion; jade refers to the weariness created by a
long and steady repetition of the same act or effort.
A little exertion will tire a child or a weak person;
a severe or protracted task wearies equally the body
and the mind; the most powerful horse becomes jaded on
a long journey by a continual straining of the same
muscles. Wearied with labor of body or mind; tired of
work, tired out by importunities; jaded by incessant
attention to business.
Jade \Jade\, v. i.
To become weary; to lose spirit.
They . . . fail, and jade, and tire in the prosecution.
--South.
Jadeite \Jade"ite\, n. (Min.)
See {Jade}, the stone.
Jadery \Jad"er*y\, n.
The tricks of a jade.
Jadish \Jad"ish\, a.
1. Vicious; ill-tempered; resembling a jade; -- applied to a
horse.
2. Unchaste; -- applied to a woman. --L'Estrange.
Jaeger \Jae"ger\, n.
See {Jager}.
Jag \Jag\, n. [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. gag aperture,
cleft, chink; akin to Ir. & Gael. gag.] [Written also
{jagg}.]
1. A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance;
a denticulation.
Arethuss arose . . . From rock and from jag.
--Shelley.
Garments thus beset with long jags. --Holland.
2. A part broken off; a fragment. --Bp. Hacket.
3. (Bot.) A cleft or division.
{Jag bolt}, a bolt with a nicked or barbed shank which
resists retraction, as when leaded into stone.
Jag \Jag\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jagged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jagging}.]
To cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch.
[Written also {jagg}.]
{Jagging iron}, a wheel with a zigzag or jagged edge for
cutting cakes or pastry into ornamental figures.
Jag \Jag\, n. [Scot. jag, jaug, a leather bag or wallet, a
pocket. Cf. {Jag} a notch.]
A small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] [Written also {jagg}.] --Forby.
Jag \Jag\, v. t.
To carry, as a load; as, to jag hay, etc. [Prov. Eng. &
Colloq. U.S.]
Jaganatha \Jag`a*nat"ha\, Jaganatha \Jag`a*nat"ha\, n.
See {Juggernaut}.
Jager \Ja"ger\, n. [G. j["a]ger a hunter, a sportsman. Cf.
{Yager}.] [Written also {jaeger}.]
1. (Mil.) A sharpshooter. See {Yager}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of gull of the genus
{Stercorarius}. Three species occur on the Atlantic coast.
The jagers pursue other species of gulls and force them to
disgorge their prey. The two middle tail feathers are
usually decidedly longer than the rest. Called also
{boatswain}, and {marline-spike bird}. The name is also
applied to the skua, or Arctic gull ({Megalestris skua}).
Jagg \Jagg\, v. t. & n.
See {Jag}.
Jagged \Jag"ged\, a.
Having jags; having rough, sharp notches, protuberances, or
teeth; cleft; laciniate; divided; as, jagged rocks. `` Jagged
vine leaves' shade.'' --Trench. -- {Jag"ged*ly}, adv. --
{Jag"ged*ness}, n.
Jagger \Jag"ger\, n.
One who carries about a small load; a peddler. See 2d {Jag}.
[Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Jagger \Jag"ger\, n. [From 4th {Jag}.]
One who, or that which, jags; specifically:
(a) jagging iron used for crimping pies, cakes, etc.
(b) A toothed chisel. See {Jag}, v. t.
{Jagger spring}, a spring beneath a seat, and resting on
cleats or blocks in the body of a vehicle. --Knight.
Jaggery \Jag"ger*y\, n. [Hind j[=a]gr[=i]. Cf. {Sugar}.]
Raw palm sugar, made in the East Indies by evaporating the
fresh juice of several kinds of palm trees, but specifically
that of the palmyra ({Borassus flabelliformis}). [Written
also {jagghery}.]
Jaggy \Jag"gy\, a.
Having jags; set with teeth; notched; uneven; as, jaggy
teeth. --Addison.
Jaghir \Ja"ghir\, n. [Per. j[=a]g[=i]r.]
A village or district the government and revenues of which
are assigned to some person, usually in consideration of some
service to be rendered, esp. the maintenance of troops.
[Written also {jaghire}, {jagir}, etc.] [India] --Whitworth.
Jaghirdar \Ja"ghir*dar`\, n. [Per. j[=a]g[=i]r-d[=a]r.]
The holder of a jaghir.
Jagua palm \Ja"gua palm`\ [Sp. jagua the fruit of the jagua
palm.] (Bot.)
A great Brazilian palm ({Maximiliana regia}), having immense
spathes which are used for baskets and tubs.
Jaguar \Ja*guar"\, n. [Braz. yago['a]ra: cf. & Pg. jaguar.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large and powerful feline animal ({Felis onca}), ranging
from Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish
yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each
generally inclosing one or two dark spots. It is chiefly
arboreal in its habits. Called also the {American tiger}.
Jaguarondi \Ja`gua*ron"di\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A South American wild cat ({Felis jaguarondi}), having a
long, slim body and very short legs. Its color is grayish
brown, varied with a blackish hue. It is arboreal in its
habits and feeds mostly on birds.
Jah \Jah\ (j[aum]), n. [Heb. y[=a]h.]
Jehovah. --Ps. lxviii. 4.
Jail \Jail\, n. [OE. jaile, gail, gayhol, OF. gaole, gaiole,
jaiole, F. ge[^o]le, LL. gabiola, dim. of gabia cage, for L.
cavea cavity, cage. See {Cage}.]
A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons
held in lawful custody, especially for minor offenses or with
reference to some future judicial proceeding. [Written also
{gaol}.]
This jail I count the house of liberty. --Milton.
{Jail bird}, a prisoner; one who has been confined in prison.
[Slang]
{Jail delivery}, the release of prisoners from jail, either
legally or by violence.
{Jail delivery commission}. See under {Gaol}.
{Jail fever} (Med.), typhus fever, or a disease resembling
it, generated in jails and other places crowded with
people; -- called also {hospital fever}, and {ship fever}.
{Jail liberties}, or {Jail limits}, a space or district
around a jail within which an imprisoned debtor was, on
certain conditions, allowed to go at large. --Abbott.
{Jail lock}, a peculiar form of padlock; -- called also
{Scandinavian lock}.
Jail \Jail\, v. t.
To imprison. [R.] --T. Adams (1614).
[Bolts] that jail you from free life. --Tennyson.
Jailer \Jail"er\, n. [OE. jailer, gailer, OF. geolier, F.
ge[^o]lier. See {Jail}.]
The keeper of a jail or prison. [Written also {jailor},
{gaoler}.]
Jain \Jain\, Jaina \Jai"na\, n. [Skr. Jaina, fr. Jina, a proper
name, fr. jina victorious.]
One of a numerous sect in British India, holding the tenets
of Jainism.
Jainism \Jain"ism\, n.
The heterodox Hindoo religion, of which the most striking
features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called
jins, above the ordinary Hindoo gods, and the denial of the
divine origin and infallibility of the Vedas. It is
intermediate between Brahmanism and Buddhism, having some
things in common with each.
Jairou \Jai*rou"\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The ahu or Asiatic gazelle.
Jak \Jak\, n. (Bot.)
see Ils {Jack}.
Jakes \Jakes\, n. [Prob. fr. F. Jacques, the proper name. See 2d
{Jack}.]
A privy. --Shak.
Jakie \Ja"kie\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A South American striped frog ({Pseudis paradoxa}),
remarkable for having a tadpole larger than the adult, and
hence called also {paradoxical frog}.
Jako \Jak"o\ (j[a^]k"[-o]), n. (Zo["o]l.)
An African parrot ({Psittacus erithacus}), very commonly kept
as a cage bird; -- called also {gray parrot}.
Jakwood \Jak"wood`\, n.
See {Jackwood}.
Jalap \Jal"ap\, n. [F., fr. Sp. jalapa; -- so called from
Jalapa, a town in Mexico, whence it was first obtained.]
(Med.)
The tubers of the Mexican plant {Ipom[oe]a purga} (or
{Exogonium purga}), a climber much like the morning-glory.
The abstract, extract, and powder, prepared from the tubers,
are well known purgative medicines. Other species of
Ipom[oe]a yield several inferior kinds of jalap, as the {I.
Orizabensis}, and {I. tuberosa}.
{False jalap}, the root of {Mirabilis Jalapa}, four-o'clock,
or marvel of Peru.
Jalapic \Ja*lap"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to jalap.
Jalapin \Jal"a*pin\, n. (Chem.)
A glucoside found in the stems of the jalap plant and
scammony. It is a strong purgative.
Jalons \Ja`lons"\, n. pl. [F. Of unknown origin.] (Mil.)
Long poles, topped with wisps of straw, used as landmarks and
signals. --Farrow.
Jalousie \Ja`lou`sie"\, n. [F. See {Jealousy}.]
A Venetian or slatted inside window blind.
Jalousied \Ja`lou`sied"\, a.
Furnished with jalousies; as, jalousied porches.
Jam \Jam\, n. [Per. or Hind. j[=a]mah garment, robe.]
A kind of frock for children.
Jam \Jam\, n. (Mining)
See {Jamb}.
Jam \Jam\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jammed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jamming}.] [Either fr. jamb, as if squeezed between jambs,
or more likely from the same source as champ See {Champ}.]
1. To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to
squeeze; to wedge in.
The . . . jammed in between two rocks. --De Foe.
2. To crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a
door. [Colloq.]
3. (Naut.) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half
her upper sails are laid aback. --W. C. Russell.
Jam \Jam\, n.
1. A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the
pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a
jam of logs in a river.
2. An injury caused by jamming. [Colloq.]
Jam \Jam\, n. [Prob. fr. jam, v.; but cf. also Ar. jamad ice,
jelly, j[=a]mid congealed, jamd congelation, ice.]
A preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; as,
raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam.
{Jam nut}. See {Check nut}, under {Check}.
{Jam weld} (Forging), a butt weld. See under {Butt}.
Jamacina \Jam`a*ci"na\, n. [NL.]
Jamaicine.
Jamadar \Jam"a*dar\, n.
Same as {Jemidar}.
Jamaica \Ja*mai"ca\, n.
One of the West India is islands.
{Jamaica ginger}, a variety of ginger, called also {white
ginger}, prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which
are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately.
{Jamaica pepper}, allspice.
{Jamaica rose} (Bot.), a West Indian melastomaceous shrub
({Blakea trinervis}), with showy pink flowers.
Jamaican \Ja*mai"can\, a.
Of or pertaining to Jamaica. -- n. A native or inhabitant of
Jamaica.
Jamaicine \Ja*ma"i*cine\, n. [From Jamaica.] (Chem.)
An alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of {Geoffroya
inermis}, a leguminous tree growing in Jamaica and Surinam;
-- called also {jamacina}. --Watts.
Jamb \Jamb\, n. [Prov. E. jaumb, jaum, F. jambe a leg, jambe de
force a principal rafter. See {Gambol}.]
1. (Arch) The vertical side of any opening, as a door or
fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical
surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier,
as distinguished from its face. --Gwilt.
2. (Mining) Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from
following the lode or vein.
Jamb \Jamb\, v. t.
See {Jam}, v. t.
Jambee \Jam*bee"\, n. [See {Jamb}, n.: cf. OF. jamboier to
walk.]
A fashionable cane. [Obs.] --Tatler.
Jambes \Jambes\, Jambeux \Jam"beux\, n. pl. [From F. jambe a
leg: cf. OF. jambiere. See {Jamb}, n.] (Ancient Armor)
In the Middle Ages, armor for the legs below the knees.
[Written also {giambeux}.] --Chaucer.
Jambolana \Jam`bo*la"na\, n. [Cf. Pg. jambol[~a]o a kind of
tropical fruit.] (Bot.)
A myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America
({Calyptranthes Jambolana}), with astringent bark, used for
dyeing. It bears an edible fruit.
Jamdani \Jam"da*ni\, n.
A silk fabric, with a woven pattern of sprigs of flowers.
[Written also {jamdanee}.] --Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Jamesonite \Ja"me*son*ite\, n. [From Prof. {Jameson}, of
Edinburgh.] (Min.)
A steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous
massive. It is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little
iron.
James's powder \James"'s pow`der\ (Med.)
Antimonial powder, first prepared by Dr. James, ar English
physician; -- called also {fever powder}.
Jamestown weed \James"town` weed`\ (Bot.)
The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium ({Datura
stramonium}), a rank weed early noticed at Jamestown,
Virginia. See {Datura}.
Note: This name is often corrupted into jimson, jimpson, and
gympsum.
Jan \Jan\, n. [Ar.] (Moham. Myth.)
One of intermediate order between angels and men.
Jane \Jane\, n. [LL. Janua Genoa; L. Genua, also OE. Jean.]
1. A coin of Genoa; any small coin. --Chaucer.
2. A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See {Jean}.
Jane-of-apes \Jane"-of-apes"\, n.
A silly, pert girl; -- corresponding to jackanapes.
--Massinger.
Jangle \Jan"gle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jangled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jangling}.] [OE. janglen to quarrel, OF. jangler to rail,
quarrel; of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. jangelen, janken,
to whimper, chide, brawl, quarrel.]
1. To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.
2. To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip.
``Thou janglest as a jay.'' --Chaucer.
3. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.
Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree.
--Shak.
Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and jangles in an
unmelodious manner. --Carlyle.
Jangle \Jan"gle\, v. t.
To cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce
discordant sounds with.
Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh.
--Shak.
Jangle \Jan"gle\, n. [Cf. OF. jangle.]
1. Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble. --Chaucer.
2. Discordant sound; wrangling.
The musical jangle of sleigh bells. --Longfellow.
Jangler \Jan"gler\, n. [Cf. OF. jangleor.]
1. An idle talker; a babbler; a prater. --Chaucer.
2. A wrangling, noisy fellow.
Jangleress \Jan"gler*ess\, n.
A female prater or babbler.
Janglery \Jan"gler*y\, n. [Cf. OF. janglerie chattering, talk.]
Jangling. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jangling \Jan"gling\, a.
Producing discordant sounds. ``A jangling noise.'' --Milton.
Jangling \Jan"gling\, n.
1. Idle babbling; vain disputation.
From which some, having swerved, have turned aside
unto vain jangling. --1 Tim. i. 6.
2. Wrangling; altercation. --Lamb.
Janissary \Jan"is*sa*ry\, n.
See {Janizary}.
Janitor \Jan"i*tor\, n. [L., fr. janua a door.]
A door-keeper; a porter; one who has the care of a public
building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of
rooms, etc.
Janitress \Jan"i*tress\, Janitrix \Jan"i*trix\, n. [L. janitrix.
See {Janitor}.]
A female janitor.
Janizar \Jan"i*zar`\, n.
A janizary. [R.] --Byron.
Janizarian \Jan`i*za"ri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the janizaries, or their government. --
Burke.
Janizary \Jan"i*za*ry\, n.; pl. {Janizaries}. [F. janissaire,
fr. Turk. ye?i-tsheri new soldiers or troops.]
A soldier of a privileged military class, which formed the
nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but was suppressed in 1826.
[written also {janissary}.]
Janker \Jan"ker\, n.
A long pole on two wheels, used in hauling logs. [Scot.]
--Jamieson.
Jansenism \Jan"sen*ism\, n. [F. Jans['e]nisme.] (Eccl. Hist.)
The doctrine of Jansen regarding free will and divine grace.
Jansenist \Jan"sen*ist\, n. [F. Jans['e]niste.] (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Cornelius Jansen, a Roman Catholic bishop of
Ypres, in Flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain
doctrines denying free will and the possibility of resisting
divine grace.
Jant \Jant\, v. i.
See {Jaunt}.
Janthina \Jan"thi*na\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Ianthina}.
Jantily \Jan"ti*ly\, adv.
See {Jauntily}.
Jantiness \Jan"ti*ness\, n.
See {Jauntiness}.
Jantu \Jan"tu\n.
A machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for raising
water to irrigate land. --Knight.
Janty \Jan"ty\, a.
See {Jaunty}.
January \Jan"u*a*ry\, n. [L. Januarius, fr. Janus an old Latin
deity, the god of the sun and the year, to whom the month of
January was sacred; cf. janua a door, Skr. y[=a] to go.]
The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days.
Note: Before the adoption of New Style, the commencement of
the year was usually reckoned from March 25.
Janus \Ja"nus\, n. [L. See {January}.] (Rom. Antiq.)
A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite
directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the
covered passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually
called the Temple of Janus. This passage was open in war and
closed in peace. --Dr. W. Smith.
{Janus cloth}, a fabric having both sides dressed, the sides
being of different colors, -- used for reversible
garments.
Janus-faced \Ja"nus-faced`\, a.
Double-faced; deceitful.
{Janus-faced lock}, one having duplicate faces so as to go
upon a right or a left hand door, the key entering on
either side indifferently. --Knight.
Janus-headed \Ja"nus-head`ed\, a.
Double-headed.
Japan \Ja*pan"\, n. [From Japan, the country.]
Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the
varnish or lacquer used in japanning.
Japan \Ja*pan"\, a.
Of or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that
country; as, Japan ware.
{Japan allspice} (Bot.), a spiny shrub from Japan
({Chimonanthus fragrans}), related to the Carolina
allspice.
{Japan black} (Chem.), a quickly drying black lacquer or
varnish, consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in
naphtha or turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; --
called also {Brunswick black}, {Japan lacquer}, or simply
{Japan}.
{Japan camphor}, ordinary camphor brought from China or
Japan, as distinguished from the rare variety called
borneol or Borneo camphor.
{Japan clover}, or {Japan pea} (Bot.), a cloverlike plant
({Lespedeza striata}) from Eastern Asia, useful for
fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about
1860, but now become very common. During the Civil War it
was called variously {Yankee clover} and {Rebel clover}.
{Japan earth}. See {Catechu}.
{Japan ink}, a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black
when dry.
{Japan varnish}, a varnish prepared from the milky juice of
the {Rhus vernix}, a small Japanese tree related to the
poison sumac.
Japan \Ja*pan"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Japanned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Japanning}.]
1. To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the
manner of the Japanese; to lacquer.
2. To give a glossy black to, as shoes. [R.] --Gay.
Japanese \Jap`a*nese"\, a.
Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.
Japanese \Jap`a*nese"\, n. sing. & pl.
1. A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people
of Japan.
2. sing. The language of the people of Japan.
Japanned \Ja*panned"\, a.
Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese manner.
{Japanned leather},leather treated with coatings of Japan
varnish, and dried in a stove. --Knight.
Japanner \Ja*pan"ner\, n.
1. One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one
skilled in the art.
2. A bootblack. [R.]
Japanning \Ja*pan"ning\, n.
The art or act of varnishing in the Japanese manner.
Japannish \Ja*pan"nish\, a.
After the manner of the Japanese; resembling japanned
articles. --Carlyle.
Jape \Jape\, v. i. [Prob. from the same source as gab,influenced
by F. japper to yelp. See {Gab} to deceive.]
To jest; to play tricks; to jeer. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jape \Jape\, v. t.
To mock; to trick. --Chaucer.
I have not been putting a jape upon you. --Sir W.
Scott.
The coy giggle of the young lady to whom he has
imparted his latest merry jape. --W. Besant.
Japer \Jap"er\, n.
A jester; a buffoon. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Japery \Jap"er*y\, n. [Cf. OF. japerie a yelping.]
Jesting; buffoonery. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Japhethite \Ja"pheth*ite\, n.
A Japhetite. --Kitto.
Japhetic \Ja*phet"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the sons of
Noah; as, Japhetic nations, the nations of Europe and
Northern Asia; Japhetic languages.
Japhetite \Ja"phet*ite\, n.
A descendant of Japheth.
Japonica \Ja*pon"i*ca\, n. [NL., Japanese, fr. Japonia Japan.]
(Bot.)
A species of Camellia ({Camellia Japonica}), a native of
Japan, bearing beautiful red or white flowers. Many other
genera have species of the same name.
Jar \Jar\, n. [See {Ajar}.]
A turn. [Only in phrase.]
{On the jar}, on the turn, ajar, as a door.
Jar \Jar\, n. [F. jarre, Sp. jarra, from Ar. jarrah ewer; cf.
Pers. jarrah.]
1. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for
holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental
purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar. --Dryden.
2. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of
oil; a jar of preserves.
{Bell jar}, {Leyden jar}. See in the Vocabulary.
Jar \Jar\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jarred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{jarring}.] [Cf. OE. charken to creak, AS. cearcian to gnash,
F. jars a gander, L. garrire to chatter, prate, OHG. kerran
to chatter, croak, G. quarren to grumble, and E. jargon,
ajar.]
1. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to
sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my
ears.
When such strings jar, what hope of harmony ?
--Shak.
A string may jar in the best master's hand.
--Roscommon.
2. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to
interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.
When those renowned noble peers Greece Through
stubborn pride among themselves did jar. --Spenser.
For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but
well consist. --Milton.
Jar \Jar\, v. t.
1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to
tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock;
as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.
2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.]
My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar
Their watches on unto mine eyes. --Shak.
Jar \Jar\, n.
1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh
sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh
sounds.
2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate;
slight disagreement.
And yet his peace is but continual jar. --Spenser.
Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in
peace. --Shak.
3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.
I love thee not a jar of the clock. --Shak.
4. pl. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long
chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod
or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down
by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.
Jararaca \Jar`a*ra"ca\, n. [Pg., from the native name.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A poisonous serpent of Brazil ({Bothrops jararaca}), about
eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color,
variegated with red and black spots.
Jarble \Jar"ble\, v. t.
To wet; to bemire. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Jardiniere \Jar`di`ni[`e]re"\, n. [F., fem. of jardinier
gardener. See {Garden}.]
An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc.,
used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.
Jards \Jards\, n. [F. jarde, jardon.] (Far.)
A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.
Jargle \Jar"gle\, v. i. [Cf. OSw. jerga to repeat angrily, to
brawl, Icel. jarg tedious iteration, F. jargonner to talk
jargon. See {Jargon} gabble.]
To emit a harsh or discordant sound. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Jargon \Jar"gon\, n. [F. jargon, OF. also gargon, perh. akin to
E. garrulous, or gargle.]
Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish; hence, an
artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang. ``A
barbarous jargon.'' --Macaulay. ``All jargon of the
schools.'' --Prior.
The jargon which serves the traffickers. --Johnson.
Jargon \Jar"gon\ (j[aum]r"g[o^]n), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Jargoned} (-g[o^]nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Jargoning}.]
To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds;
to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.
The noisy jay, Jargoning like a foreigner at his food.
--Longfellow.
Jargon \Jar"gon\, n. [E. jargon, It. jiargone; perh. fr. Pers.
zarg?n gold-colored, fr. zar gold. Cf. {Zircon}.] (Min.)
A variety of zircon. See {Zircon}.
Jargonelle \Jar`go*nelle"\, n. [F. jargonelle a very gritty
variety of pear. See {Jargon} zircon.]
A variety of pear which ripens early.
Jargonic \Jar*gon"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to the mineral jargon.
Jargonist \Jar"gon*ist\, n.
One addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or slang.
--Macaulay.
Jarl \Jarl\, n. [Icel., nobleman, chief. See {Earl}.]
A chief; an earl; in English history, one of the leaders in
the Danish and Norse invasions. --Longfellow.
Jarnut \Jar"nut`\, n. [Of Scand. origin: cf. Dan. jordn["o]d.]
(Bot.)
An earthnut. --Dr. Prior.
Jarosite \Ja*ro"site\, n. [From Barranco Jaroso, in Spain.]
(Min.)
An ocher-yellow mineral occurring on minute rhombohedral
crystals. It is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.
Jar-owl \Jar"-owl`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The goatsucker.
Jarrah \Jar"rah\, n.
The mahoganylike wood of the Australian Eucalyptus marginata.
See {Eucalyptus}.
Jarring \Jar"ring\, a. [See {Jar.}]
Shaking; disturbing; discordant. ``A jarring sound.''
--Dryden.
Jarring \Jar"ring\ n.
1. A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a
steamship, caused by its engines.
2. Discord; a clashing of interests. ``Endless jarrings and
immortal hate.'' --Dryden.
Jarringly \Jar"ring*ly\, adv.
In a jarring or discordant manner.
Jarvey \Jar"vey\, Jarvy \Jar"vy\, n.
1. The driver of a hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.] --Carlyle.
2. A hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.]
The litter at the bottom of the jarvy. --T. Hook.
Jasey \Ja"sey\, n.
A wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or
resembling, Jersey yarn. --Thackeray.
Jashawk \Jas"hawk`\, n. [A corruption of eyas hawk.] (Zo["o]l.)
A young hawk. --Booth.
Jasmine \Jas"mine\, n. [F. jasmin, Sp. jazmin, Ar. y[=a]sm[=i]n,
Pers. y[=a]sm[=i]n; cf. It. gesmino, gelsomino. Cf.
{Jessamine}.] (Bot.)
A shrubby plant of the genus {Jasminum}, bearing flowers of a
peculiarly fragrant odor. The {J. officinale}, common in the
south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is
{J. Sambac}, and, with {J. angustifolia}, comes from the East
Indies. The yellow false jasmine in the {Gelseminum
sempervirens} (see {Gelsemium}). Several other plants are
called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of {Calotropis}
and {Faramea}. [Written also {jessamine}.]
{Cape jasmine}, or {Cape jessamine}, the {Gardenia florida},
a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of China,
and hardy in the Southern United States.
Jasp \Jasp\, n.
Jasper. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Jaspachate \Jas"pa*chate\, n. [L. iaspachates, Gr. ?.] (Min.)
Agate jasper. [Obs.]
Jasper \Jas"per\, n. [OE. jaspre, jaspe, OF. jaspre, jaspe, F.
jaspe, L. iaspis, Gr. ?; cf. Per. yashp, yashf, Ar. yashb,
yasb, yasf, Heb. y[=a]shpheh. Cf. {Diaper}.] (Min.)
An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and
other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits
of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes,
etc. When the colors are in stripes or bands, it is called
{striped or banded jasper}. The Egyptian pebble is a brownish
yellow jasper.
{Jasper opal}, a yellow variety of opal resembling jasper.
{Jasper ware}, a delicate kind of earthenware invented by
Josiah Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is capable of
receiving color.
Jasperated \Jas"per*a`ted\, a.
mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as,
jasperated agate.
Jasperize \Jas"per*ize\, v. t. [Usually p. p. {Jasperized} (?).]
To convert into, or make to resemble, jasper.
Polished specimens of jasperized and agatized woods.
--Pop. Sci.
Monthly.
Jaspery \Jas"per*y\, a.
Of the nature of jasper; mixed with jasper.
Jaspidean \Jas*pid"e*an\, Jaspideous \Jas*pid"e*ous\, a. [L.
iaspideus. See {Jasper}.]
Consisting of jasper, or containing jasper; jaspery;
jasperlike.
Jaspilite \Jas"pi*lite\, n. [Jasper + -lite.] (Min.)
A compact siliceous rock resembling jasper.
Jaspoid \Jas"poid\, a. [F. jaspo["i]de; jaspe jasper + Gr. ?
form.]
Resembling jasper. [R.]
Jasponyx \Jasp`o"nyx\, n. [L. iasponyx, Gr. ?. See {Jasper}, and
{Onyx}.] (min.)
An onyx, part or all of whose layers consist of jasper.
Jatrophic \Ja*troph"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to physic nuts, the seeds of plants of the
genus {Jatropha}.
Jaunce \Jaunce\, v. i. [OF. jancer. Cf. {Jounce}, {Jaunt}.]
To ride hard; to jounce. [Obs.]
Spurr'd, galled and tired by jauncing Bolingbroke.
--Shak.
Jaundice \Jaun"dice\ (?; 277), n. [OE. jaunis, F. jaunisse, fr.
jaune yellow, orig. jalne, fr. L. galbinus yellowish, fr.
galbus yellow.] (Med.)
A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes,
skin, and urine, whiteness of the f[ae]ces, constipation,
uneasiness in the region of the stomach, loss of appetite,
and general languor and lassitude. It is caused usually by
obstruction of the biliary passages and consequent damming
up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then absorbed into
the blood.
{Blue jaundice}. See {Cyanopathy}.
Jaundice \Jaun"dice\, v. t.
To affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to
prejudice.
The envy of wealth jaundiced his soul. --Ld. Lytton.
Jaundiced \Jaun"diced\, a.
1. Affected with jaundice.
Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow. --Bp.
Hall.
2. Prejudiced; envious; as, a jaundiced judgment.
Jaunt \Jaunt\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jaunted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jaunting}.] [Cf. Scot. jaunder to ramble, jaunt to taunt,
jeer, dial. Sw. ganta to play the buffoon, romp, jest; perh.
akin to E. jump. Cf. {Jaunce}.]
1. To ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion.
2. To ride on a jaunting car.
{Jaunting car}, a kind of low-set open vehicle, used in
Ireland, in which the passengers ride sidewise, sitting
back to back. [Written also {jaunty car}.] --Thackeray.
Jaunt \Jaunt\, v. t.
To jolt; to jounce. [Obs.] --Bale.
Jaunt \Jaunt\, n.
1. A wearisome journey. [R.]
Our Savior, meek, and with untroubled mind After his
a["e]ry jaunt, though hurried sore. Hungry and cold,
betook him to his rest. --Milton.
2. A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a
short journey.
Jauntily \Jaun"ti*ly\, adv.
In a jaunty manner.
Jauntiness \Jaun"ti*ness\, n.
The quality of being jaunty.
That jauntiness of air I was once master of. --Addison.
Jaunty \Jaun"ty\, a. [Compar. {Jauntier}; superl. {Jauntiest}.]
[Formerly spelt janty, fr. F. gentil. See {Gentle}, and cf.
{Genty}.]
Airy; showy; finical; hence, characterized by an affected or
fantastical manner.
Java \Ja"va\, n.
1. One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to
the Netherlands.
2. Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java.
{Java cat} (Zo["o]l.), the musang.
{Java sparrow} (Zo["o]l.), a species of finch ({Padda
oryzivora}), native of Java, but very commonly kept as a
cage bird; -- called also {ricebird}, and {paddy bird}. In
the male the upper parts are glaucous gray, the head and
tail black, the under parts delicate rose, and the cheeks
white. The bill is large and red. A white variety is also
kept as a cage bird.
Javanese \Jav`a*nese"\, a.
Of or pertaining to Java, or to the people of Java. -- n.
sing. & pl. A native or natives of Java.
Javel \Jav"el\, n.
A vagabond. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Javelin \Jave"lin\, n. [F. javeline; akin to Sp. jabalina, It.
giavelina, and F. javelot, OF. gavlot. Cf. {Gavelock}.]
A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by thew hand;
anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot
soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other
fierce game.
Flies the javelin swifter to its mark, Launched by the
vigor of a Roman arm? --Addison.
Javelin \Jave"lin\, v. t.
To pierce with a javelin. [R.] --Tennyson.
Javelinier \Jave`lin*ier"\, n.
A soldier armed with a javelin. --Holland.
Jaw \Jaw\, n. [A modification of chaw, formed under the
influence of F. joue the cheek. See {Chaw}, {Chew}.]
1. (Anat.)
(a) One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form
the framework of the mouth.
(b) Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and
covering.
(c) In the plural, the mouth.
2. Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or
action; esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the
jaws of a pass; the jaws of darkness; the jaws of death.
--Shak.
3. (Mach.)
(a) A notch or opening.
(b) A notched or forked part, adapted for holding an
object in place; as, the jaw of a railway-car
pedestal. See {Axle guard}.
(b) One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable
towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing
anything between them, as, the jaws of a vise, or the
jaws of a stone-crushing machine.
4. (Naut.) The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a
half circle so as to move freely on a mast.
5. Impudent or abusive talk. [Slang] --H. Kingsley.
{Jaw bit} (Railroad), a bar across the jaws of a pedestal
underneath an axle box.
{Jaw breaker}, a word difficult to pronounce. [Obs.]
{Jaw rope} (Naut.), a rope which holds the jaws of a gaff to
the mast.
{Jaw tooth}, a molar or grinder; a back tooth.
Jaw \Jaw\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jawed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jawing}.]
To scold; to clamor. [Law]
--Smollett.
Jaw \Jaw\, v. t.
To assail or abuse by scolding. [Law]
Jawbone \Jaw"bone`\, n.
The bone of either jaw; a maxilla or a mandible.
Jawed \Jawed\, a.
Having jaws; -- chiefly in composition; as, lantern-jawed.
``Jawed like a jetty.'' --Skelton.
Law-fall \Law"-fall`\, n.
Depression of the jaw; hence, depression of spirits. --M.
Griffith (1660).
Jaw-fallen \Jaw"-fall`en\, a.
Dejected; chopfallen.
Jawfoot \Jaw"foot`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Maxilliped}.
Jawing \Jaw"ing\, n.
Scolding; clamorous or abusive talk. [Slang] --H. Kingsley.
Jawn \Jawn\, v. i.
See {Yawn}. [Obs.] --Marston.
Jawy \Jaw"y\, a.
Relating to the jaws. --Gayton.
Jay \Jay\, n. [F. geai, OF. gai, jaj, perh. fr. OHG. g[=a]hi.
Cf. {Gay}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to
{Garrulus}, {Cyanocitta}, and allied genera. They are allied
to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often
handsomely colored, and usually have a crest.
Note: The European jay ({Garrulus glandarius}) is a large and
handsomely colored species, having the body pale
reddish brown, lighter beneath; tail and wing quills
blackish; the primary coverts barred with bright blue
and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large spot on
the wings, white. Called also {jay pie}, {Jenny jay},
and {k[ae]}. The common blue jay ({Cyanocitta
cristata}.), and the related species, are brilliantly
colored, and have a large erectile crest. The
California jay ({Aphelocoma Californica}), the Florida
jay ({A. Floridana}), and the green jay ({Xanthoura
luxuosa}), of Texas and Mexico, are large, handsome,
crested species. The Canada jay ({Perisoreus
Canadensis}), and several allied species, are much
plainer and have no crest. See {Blue jay}, and {Whisky
jack}.
{Jay thrush} (Zo["o]l.), any one several species of Asiatic
singing birds, of the genera {Garrulax}, {Grammatoptila},
and related genera of the family {Crateropodid[ae]}; as,
the white-throated jay thrush ({G. albogularis}), of
India.
Jayet \Jay"et\, n. (Min.)
See {Jet}. [Obs.]
Jayhawker \Jay"hawk`er\, n.
A name given to a free-booting, unenlisted, armed man or
guerrilla.
Note: [A term of opprobrium used in the war of 1861-65, U.
S.]
Jazel \Ja"zel\, n.
A gem of an azure color. [Obs.]
Jazerant \Jaz"er*ant\, n. [OF. jacerant, jaseran, Sp. jacerina,
cota jacerina, fr. jazarino Algerine, fr. Ar. jaz[=a][=i]r
Algiers.]
A coat of defense made of small plates of metal sewed upon
linen or the like; also, this kind of armor taken generally;
as, a coat of jazerant.
Jealous \Jeal"ous\, a. [OE. jalous, gelus, OF. jalous, F.
jaloux, LL. zelosus zealous, fr. zelus emulation, zeal,
jealousy, Gr. zh^los. See {Zeal}, and cf. {Zealous}.]
1. Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful.
I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts.
--Kings xix.
10.
How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own
repute! --Dr. H. More.
2. Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful.
'This doing wrong creates such doubts as these,
Renders us jealous and disturbs our peace. --Waller.
The people are so jealous of the clergy's ambition.
--Swift.
3. Exacting exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry.
Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose
name is Jealous, is a jealous God. --Ex. xxxiv.
14.
4. Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and
affection; apprehensive regarding the motives of possible
rivals, or the fidelity of friends; distrustful; having
morbid fear of rivalry in love or preference given to
another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness of
husband, wife, or lover.
If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be
jealous of his wife. --Num. v. 14.
To both these sisters have I sworn my love: Each
jealous of the other, as the stung Are of the adder.
--Shak.
It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and
obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband
wise; which she will never do if she find him
jealous. --Bacon.
Syn: Suspicious; anxious; envious.
Usage: {Jealous}, {Suspicious}. Suspicious is the wider term.
We suspect a person when we distrust his honesty and
imagine he has some bad design. We are jealous when we
suspect him of aiming to deprive us of what we dearly
prize. Iago began by awakening the suspicions of
Othello, and converted them at last into jealousy.
``Suspicion may be excited by some kind of accusation,
not supported by evidence sufficient for conviction,
but sufficient to trouble the repose of confidence.''
``Jealousy is a painful apprehension of rivalship in
cases that are peculiarly interesting to us.''
--Cogan.
Jealoushood \Jeal"ous*hood\, n.
Jealousy. [Obs.] --Shak.
Jealously \Jeal"ous*ly\, adv.
In a jealous manner.
Jealousness \Jeal"ous*ness\, n.
State or quality of being jealous.
Jealousy \Jeal"ous*y\, n.; pl. {Jealousies}. [ F. jalousie. See
{Jealous}, and cf. {Jalousie}.]
The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude;
painful apprehension of rivalship in cases nearly affecting
one's happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of
husband, wife, or lover.
I was jealous for jealousy. --Zech. viii.
2.
Jealousy is the . . . apprehension of superiority.
--Shenstone.
Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had
excellence to deserve our fondness. --Rambler.
Jeames \Jeames\, n. [Corrup. of James.]
A footman; a flunky. [Slang, Eng.] --Thackeray.
Jean \Jean\, n. [Prob. named from Genoa. See {Jane}.]
A twilled cotton cloth.
{Satin jean}, a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after
the manner of satin.
Jears \Jears\, n. pl. (Naut.)
See 1st {Jeer}
(b) .
Jeat \Jeat\, n. (Min.)
See {Jet}. [Obs.]
Jedding ax \Jed"ding ax`\, n.
A stone mason's tool, having a flat face and a pointed part.
--Knight.
Jee \Jee\, v. t. & i.
See {Gee}.
Jeel \Jeel\, n. [Hind. jh[=i]l.]
A morass; a shallow lake. [Written also {jhil}.] [India]
--Whitworth.
Jeer \Jeer\, n. [Cf. {Gear}.] (Naut.)
(a) A gear; a tackle.
(b) pl. An assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting
or lowering the lower yards of a ship.
{Jeer capstan} (Naut.), an extra capstan usually placed
between the foremast and mainmast.
Jeer \Jeer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jeered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jeering}.] [Perh. a corrup. of cheer to salute with cheers,
taken in an ironical sense; or more prob. fr. D. gekscheren
to jeer, lit., to shear the fool; gek a fool (see 1st {Geck})
+ scheren to shear. See {Shear}, v.]
To utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with
mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; as,
to jeer at a speaker.
But when he saw her toy and gibe and jeer. --Spenser.
Syn: To sneer; scoff; flout; gibe; mock.
Jeer \Jeer\, v. t.
To treat with scoffs or derision; to address with jeers; to
taunt; to flout; to mock at.
And if we can not jeer them, we jeer ourselves. --B.
Jonson.
Jeer \Jeer\, n.
A railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting
jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery.
Midas, exposed to all their jeers, Had lost his art,
and kept his ears. --Swift.
Jeerer \Jeer"er\, n.
A scoffer; a railer; a mocker.
Jeering \Jeer"ing\, a.
Mocking; scoffing. -- n. A mocking utterance. --
{Jeer"ing*ly}, adv.
Jeers \Jeers\, n. pl. (Naut.)
See 1st {Jeer}
(b) .
Jeffersonia \Jef`fer*so"ni*a\, n. [NL. Named after Thomas
Jefferson.] (Bot.)
An American herb with a pretty, white, solitary blossom, and
deeply two-cleft leaves ({Jeffersonia diphylla}); twinleaf.
Jeffersonian \Jef`fer*so"ni*an\, a.
Pertaining to, or characteristic of, Thomas Jefferson or his
policy or political doctrines. --Lowell.
Jeffersonite \Jef"fer*son*ite\, n. [Named after Thomas
Jefferson.] (Min.)
A variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into
brown. It contains zinc.
Jeg \Jeg\, n. (Mach.)
See {Jig}, 6.
Jehovah \Je*ho"vah\, n. [Heb. usually y[e^]h[=o]v[=a]h (with the
vowel points of [a^]d[=o]n[=a]i Lord), sometimes (to avoid
repetition) y[e^]h[=o]vih (with the vowel points of
[e^]l[=o]h[=i]m God); but only the four Heb, consonants yhvh
are conceded to be certainly known.]
A Scripture name of the Supreme Being, by which he was
revealed to the Jews as their covenant God or Sovereign of
the theocracy; the ``ineffable name'' of the Supreme Being,
which was not pronounced by the Jews.
Jehovist \Je*ho"vist\, n.
1. One who maintains that the vowel points of the word
Jehovah, in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; --
opposed to {adonist}.
2. The writer of the passages of the Old Testament,
especially those of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme
Being is styled Jehovah. See {Elohist}.
The characteristic manner of the Jehovist differs
from that of his predecessor [the Elohist]. He is
fuller and freer in his descriptions; more
reflective in his assignment of motives and causes;
more artificial in mode of narration. --S. Davidson.
Jehovistic \Je`ho*vis"tic\, a.
Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name of God; --
said of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of the
Pentateuch, in which Jehovah appears as the name of the
Deity. See {Elohistic}.
Jehu \Je"hu\, n. [From Jehu, son of Nimshi. 2 Kings ix. 20.]
A coachman; a driver; especially, one who drives furiously.
[Colloq.]
Jejunal \Je*ju"nal\, a.
Pertaining to the jejunum.
Jejune \Je*june"\, a. [L. jejunus fasting, hungry, dry, barren,
scanty; of unknown origin.]
1. Lacking matter; empty; void of substance.
2. Void of interest; barren; meager; dry; as, a jejune
narrative. - {Je*june"ly}, adv. -- {Je*june"ness}, n.
--Bacon.
Jejunity \Je*ju"ni*ty\, n.
The quality of being jejune; jejuneness.
Jejunum \Je*ju"num\, n. [NL., fr. L. jejunus empty, dry.]
(Anat.)
The middle division of the small intestine, between the
duodenum and ileum; -- so called because usually found empty
after death.
Jelerang \Jel"er*ang\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large, handsome squirrel ({Sciurus Javensis}), native of
Java and Southern Asia; -- called also {Java squirrel}.
Jell \Jell\, v. i.
To jelly. [Colloq.]
Jellied \Jel"lied\, a.
Brought to the state or consistence of jelly.
Jelly \Jel"ly\, n.; pl. {Jellies}. [ Formerly gelly, gely, F.
gel['e]e jelly, frost, fr. geler to freeze. L. gelare; akin
to gelu frost. See {Gelid}.]
1. Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous,
translucent substance in a condition between liquid and
solid; a stiffened solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.
2. The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an
elastic consistence; as, currant jelly; calf's-foot jelly.
{Jelly bag}, a bag through which the material for jelly is
strained.
{Jelly mold}, a mold for forming jelly in ornamental shapes.
{Jelly plant} (Bot.), Australian name of an edible seaweed
({Eucheuma speciosum}), from which an excellent jelly is
made. --J. Smith.
{Jelly powder}, an explosive, composed of nitroglycerin and
collodion cotton; -- so called from its resemblance to
calf's-foot jelly.
Jelly \Jel"ly\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jellied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jellying}.]
To become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of
jelly.
Jellyfish \Jel"ly*fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species,
having a jellylike appearance. See {Medusa}.
Jemidar \Jem"i*dar`\, n. [Per. & Hind. jama-d[=a]r.]
The chief or leader of a hand or body of persons; esp., in
the native army of India, an officer of a rank corresponding
to that of lieutenant in the English army. [Written also
{jemadar}, {jamadar}.]
Jemlah goat \Jem"lah goat`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The jharal.
Jemminess \Jem"mi*ness\, n.
Spruceness. [Slang, Eng.] --Pegge (1814).
Jemmy \Jem"my\, a. [Cf. {Gim}, and {Gimp}, a.]
Spruce. [Slang, Eng.] --Smart.
Jemmy \Jem"my\, n.
1. A short crowbar. See {Jimmy}.
2. A baked sheep's head. [Slang, Eng.] --Dickens.
Jeniquen \Je*ni"quen\, n. [Sp. jeniquen.] (Bot.)
A Mexican name for the Sisal hemp ({Agave rigida}, var.
Sisalana); also, its fiber. [Written also {hen[=i]equen}.]
Jenite \Je"nite\, n. (Min.)
See {Yenite}.
Jenkins \Jen"kins\, n.
name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in social or
official life; as, the Jenkins employed by a newspaper.
[Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] --G. W. Curtis.
Jennet \Jen"net\, n. [F. genet, Sp. jinete, orig., a mounted
soldier, Ar. zen[=a]ta a tribe of Barbary celebrated for its
cavalry.]
A small Spanish horse; a genet.
Jenneting \Jen"net*ing\, n. [Prob. fr. a dim. of Jean John, so
named as becoming ripe about St. John's day, June 24. F. Jean
is fr. L. Johannes. See {Zany}.]
A variety of early apple. See {Juneating}. [Written also
{geniting}.]
Jenny \Jen"ny\, n.; pl. {Jennies}.
1. A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A familiar name of the European wren.
{Jenny ass} (Zo["o]l.), a female ass.
Jenny \Jen"ny\, n. [A corruption of gin an engine; influenced by
Jenny, the proper name. See {Gin} an engine, and cf.
{Ginny-carriage}.]
A machine for spinning a number of threads at once, -- used
in factories.
Jentling \Jent"ling\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A fish of the genus {Leuciscus}; the blue chub of the Danube.
Jeofail \Jeof"ail\, n. [F. j'ai failli I have failed.] (Law)
An oversight in pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake
or oversight. --Blackstone.
Jeopard \Jeop"ard\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jeoparded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Jeoparding}.] [From {Jeopardy}.]
To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury; to imperil;
to hazard. --Sir T. North.
A people that jeoparded their lives unto the death.
--Judg. v. 18.
Syn: To hazard; risk; imperil; endanger; expose.
Jeoparder \Jeop"ard*er\, n.
One who puts in jeopardy. [R.]
Jeopardize \Jeop"ard*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jeopardized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Jeopardizing}.]
To expose to loss or injury; to risk; to jeopard.
That he should jeopardize his willful head Only for
spite at me. --H. Taylor.
Jeopardous \Jeop"ard*ous\, a.
Perilous; hazardous.
His goodly, valiant, and jeopardous enterprise.
--Fuller.
-- {Jeop"ard*ous*ly}, adv. --Huloet.
Jeopardy \Jeop"ard*y\, n. [OE. jupartie, juperti, jeuparti, OF.
jeu parti an even game, a game in which the chances are even;
OF. jeu, ju, F. jeu (L. jocus jest) + F. partier to divide,
L. partire to divide. See {Joke}, and {Part}.]
Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger.
There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they
were filled with water, and were in jeopardy. --Luke
viii. 23.
Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy. --Shak.
Syn: Danger; peril; hazard; risk. See {Danger}.
Jeopardy \Jeop"ard*y\, v. t.
To jeopardize. [R.] --Thackeray.
Jerboa \Jer*bo"a\, n. [Ar. yarb?'.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any small jumping rodent of the genus {Dipus}, esp. {D.
[AE]gyptius}, which is common in Egypt and the adjacent
countries. The jerboas have very long hind legs and a long
tail. [Written also {gerboa}.]
Note: The name is also applied to other small jumping
rodents, as the {Pedetes Caffer}, of the Cape of Good
Hope.
{Jerboa kangaroo} (Zo["o]l.), small Australian kangaroo
({Bettongia penicillata}), about the size of a common
hare.
Jereed \Jer*eed"\, n. [Ar. jer[=i]d. Cf. {Djereed}.]
A blunt javelin used by the people of the Levant, especially
in mock fights. [Written also {jerreed}, {jerid}.] --Byron.
Jeremiad \Jer`e*mi"ad\, Jeremiade \Jer`e*mi"ade\, n. [From
Jeremiah, the prophet: cf. F. j['e]r['e]miade.]
A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful
story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically.
He has prolonged his complaint into an endless
jeremiad. --Lamb.
Jerfalcon \Jer"fal`con\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The gyrfalcon.
Jerguer \Jer"guer\, n.
See {Jerquer}.
Jerid \Jer*id"\, n.
Same as {Jereed}.
Jerk \Jerk\, v. t. [Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.]
To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as,
jerk beef. See {Charqui}.
Jerk \Jerk\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jerked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jerking}.] [Akin to yerk, and perh. also to yard a measure.]
1. To beat; to strike. [Obs.] --Florio.
2. To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull,
or twist, to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to
jerk a coat off.
3. To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the
hand; as, to jerk a stone.
Jerk \Jerk\, v. i.
1. To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by
starts. --Milton.
2. To flout with contempt.
Jerk \Jerk\, n.
1. A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake,
or similar motion.
His jade gave him a jerk. --B. Jonson.
2. A sudden start or spring.
Lobsters . . . swim backwards by jerks or springs.
--Grew.
Jerker \Jerk"er\, n.
1. A beater. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
2. One who jerks or moves with a jerk.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A North American river chub ({Hybopsis
biguttatus}).
Jerkin \Jer"kin\, n. [Dim. of D. jurk a frock.]
A jacket or short coat; a close waistcoat. --Shak.
Jerkin \Jer"kin\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A male gyrfalcon.
Jerking \Jerk"ing\, n.
The act of pulling, pushing, or throwing, with a jerk. --
{Jerk"ing*ly}, adv.
Jerkinhead \Jer"kin*head`\, n. (Arch.)
The hipped part of a roof which is hipped only for a part of
its height, leaving a truncated gable.
Jerky \Jerk"y\, a.
Moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt
transitions; as, a jerky vehicle; a jerky style.
Jermoonal \Jer*moon"al\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The Himalayan now partridge.
Jeronymite \Je*ron"y*mite\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One belonging of the medi[ae]val religious orders called
Hermits of St. Jerome. [Written also {Hieronymite}.]
Jeropigia \Jer`o*pig"i*a\, n.
See {Geropigia}.
Jerquer \Jer"quer\, n. [Cf. F. chercher to search, E. search.]
A customhouse officer who searches ships for unentered goods.
[Eng.] [Written also {jerguer.}]
Jerquing \Jer"quing\, n.
The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written
also {jerguer}.]
Jerquing \Jer"quing\, n.
The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.]
Jerry-built \Jer"ry-built`\, a.
Built hastily and of bad materials; as, jerry-built houses.
[Colloq. Eng.]
Jersey \Jer"sey\, n.; pl. {Jerseys}. [From Jersey, the largest
of the Channel Islands.]
1. The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool;
also, fine yarn of wool.
2. A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a
closefitting jacket or upper garment made of an elastic
fabric (as stockinet).
3. One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys
are noted for the richness of their milk.
Jerusalem \Je*ru"sa*lem\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. Heb. Y?r?sh[=a]laim.]
The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the
glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus
Christ.
{Jerusalem artichoke} [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole i.e.,
sunflower, or turnsole. See {Gyre}, {Solar}.] (Bot.)
(a) An American plant, a perennial species of sunflower
({Helianthus tuberosus}), whose tubers are sometimes used
as food.
(b) One of the tubers themselves.
{Jerusalem cherry} (Bot.), the popular name of either of
either of two species of {Solanum} ({S. Pseudo-capsicum}
and {S. capsicastrum}), cultivated as ornamental house
plants. They bear bright red berries of about the size of
cherries.
{Jerusalem oak} (Bot.), an aromatic goosefoot ({Chenopodium
Botrys}), common about houses and along roadsides.
{Jerusalem sage} (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint family
({Phlomis tuberosa}).
{Jerusalem thorn} (Bot.), a spiny, leguminous tree
({Parkinsonia aculeata}), widely dispersed in warm
countries, and used for hedges.
{The New Jerusalem}, Heaven; the Celestial City.
Jervine \Jer"vine\, n. [Prob. fr. Sp. yerba herb, OSp., the
poison of the veratrum.] (Chem.)
A poisonous alkaloid resembling veratrine, and found with it
in white hellebore ({Veratrum album}); -- called also
{jervina}.
Jess \Jess\, n.; pl. {Jesses}. [OF. gies, giez, prop. pl. of
giet, get, jet, F. jet, a throwing, jess. See {Jet} a
shooting forth.] (falconry)
A short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a
hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the
falconer's hand, was attached when used. See Illust. of
{Falcon}.
Like a hawk, which feeling freed From bells and jesses
which did let her flight. --Spenser.
Jessamine \Jes"sa*mine\, n. (Bot.)
Same as {Jasmine}.
Jessant \Jes"sant\, a. (Her.)
Springing up or emerging; -- said of a plant or animal.
Jesse \Jes"se\, n. [LL. Jesse, the father of David, fr. Gr. ?,
fr. Herb. Yishai.]
Any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ,
in decorative art; as:
(a) A genealogical tree represented in stained glass.
(b) A candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the
name of some one of the descendants of Jesse; -- called
also {tree of Jesse}.
{Jesse window} (Arch.), a window of which the glazing and
tracery represent the tree of Jesse.
Jessed \Jessed\, a. (Her.)
Having jesses on, as a hawk.
Jest \Jest\, n. [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale,
OF. geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L.
gestus, p. p. of gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perform;
perh. orig., to make to come, bring, and perh. akin to E.
come. Cf. {Gest} a deed, {Register}, n.]
1. A deed; an action; a gest. [Obs.]
The jests or actions of princes. --Sir T.
Elyot.
2. A mask; a pageant; an interlude. [Obs.] --Nares.
He promised us, in honor of our guest, To grace our
banquet with some pompous jest. --Kyd.
3. Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a
witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See
Synonyms under {Jest}, v. i.
I must be sad . . . smile at no man's jests. --Shak.
The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his
memory for his jests, and to his imagination for his
facts. --Sheridan.
4. The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock.
Then let me be your jest; I deserve it. --Shak.
{In jest}, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and
reality; not in earnest.
And given in earnest what I begged in jest. --Shak.
{Jest book}, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes,
and amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.
Jest \Jest\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jested}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jesting}.]
1. To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a
mask or interlude. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make
light of anything.
He jests at scars that never felt a wound. --Shak.
Syn: To joke; sport; rally.
Usage: To {Jest}, {Joke}. One jests in order to make others
laugh; one jokes to please himself. A jest is usually
at the expense of another, and is often ill-natured; a
joke is a sportive sally designed to promote good
humor without wounding the feelings of its object.
``Jests are, therefore, seldom harmless; jokes
frequently allowable. The most serious subject may be
degraded by being turned into a jest.'' --Crabb.
Jester \Jest"er\, n. [Cf. {Gestour}.]
1. A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool.
This . . . was Yorick's skull, the king's jester.
--Shak.
Dressed in the motley garb that jesters wear.
--Longfellow.
2. A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light
and amusing talk.
He ambled up and down With shallow jesters. --Shak.
Jestful \Jest"ful\, a.
Given to jesting; full of jokes.
Jesting \Jest"ing\, a.
Sportive; not serious; fit for jests.
He will find that these are no jesting matters.
--Macaulay.
Jesting \Jest"ing\, n.
The act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry.
--Eph. v. 4.
Jestingly \Jest"ing*ly\, adv.
In a jesting manner.
Jesuit \Jes"u*it\, n. [F. J['e]suite, Sp. Jesuita: cf. It.
Gesuita.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order founded by Ignatius
Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The
Society of Jesus.
Note: The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the
Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or
Lay Brothers. The Jesuit novice after two years becomes
a Scholastic, and takes his first vows of poverty,
chastity, and obedience simply. Some years after, at
the close of a second novitiate, he takes his second
vows and is ranked among the Coadjutors or Professed.
The Professed are bound by a fourth vow, from which
only the pope can dispense, requiring them to go
wherever the pope may send them for missionary duty.
The Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are employed
in general missionary labors. The Society is governed
by a General who holds office for life. He has
associated with him ``Assistants'' (five at the present
time), representing different provinces. The Society
was first established in the United States in 1807. The
Jesuits have displayed in their enterprises a high
degree of zeal, learning, and skill, but, by their
enemies, have been generally reputed to use art and
intrigue in promoting or accomplishing their purposes,
whence the words Jesuit, Jesuitical, and the like, have
acquired an opprobrious sense.
2. Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer.
{Jesuits' bark}, Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain
species of {Cinchona}; -- so called because its medicinal
properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit
missionaries to South America.
{Jesuits' drops}. See {Friar's balsam}, under {Friar}.
{Jesuits' nut}, the European water chestnut.
{Jesuits' powder}, powdered cinchona bark.
{Jesuits' tea}, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea and
medicinally.
Jesuited \Jes"u*it*ed\, a.
Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits. --Milton.
Jesuitess \Jes"u*it*ess\, n. [Cf. F. J['e]suitesse.] (R. C.
Hist.)
One of an order of nuns established on the principles of the
Jesuits, but suppressed by Pope Urban in 1633.
Jesuitic \Jes`u*it"ic\, Jesuitical \Jes`u*it"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
j['e]suitique.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Jesuits, or to their principles
and methods.
2. Designing; cunning; deceitful; crafty; -- an opprobrious
use of the word. --Dryden.
Jesuitically \Jes`u*it"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a jesuitical manner.
Jesuitism \Jes"u*it*ism\, n. [Cf. F. j['e]suitisme.]
1. The principles and practices of the Jesuits.
2. Cunning; deceit; deceptive practices to effect a purpose;
subtle argument; -- an opprobrious use of the word.
Jesuitocracy \Jes`u*it*oc"ra*cy\, n. [Jesuit + -cracy, as in
aristocracy.]
Government by Jesuits; also, the whole body of Jesuits in a
country. [R.] --C. Kingsley.
Jesuitry \Jes"u*it*ry\, n.
Jesuitism; subtle argument. [R.] --Carlyle.
Jesus \Je"sus\, n. [L. Jesus, Gr. ?, from Heb. Y['e]sh?a';
Y[=a]h Jehovah + h?sh?a' to help.]
The {Savior}; the name of the Son of God as announced by the
angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in
distinction from Christ, his official appellation. --Luke i.
31.
Thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his
people from their sins. --Matt. i. 21.
Note: The form Jesu is often used, esp. in the vocative.
Jesu, do thou my soul receive. --Keble.
{The Society of Jesus}. See {Jesuit}.
Jet \Jet\, n.
Same as 2d {Get}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jet \Jet\, n. [OF. jet, jayet, F. ja["i]et, jais, L. gagates,
fr. Gr. ?; -- so called from ? or ?, a town and river in
Lycia.] [written also {jeat}, {jayet}.] (Min.)
A variety of lignite, of a very compact texture and velvet
black color, susceptible of a good polish, and often wrought
into mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly called
also {black amber}.
{Jet ant} (Zo["o]l.), a blackish European ant ({Formica
fuliginosa}), which builds its nest of a paperlike
material in the trunks of trees.
Jet \Jet\, n. [F. jet, OF. get, giet, L. jactus a throwing, a
throw, fr. jacere to throw. Cf. {Abject}, {Ejaculate},
{Gist}, {Jess}, {Jut}.]
1. A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or
gush, as of water from a pipe, or of flame from an
orifice; also, that which issues in a jet.
2. Drift; scope; range, as of an argument. [Obs.]
3. The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type
is cold. --Knight.
{Jet propeller} (Naut.), a device for propelling vessels by
means of a forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel,
as by a centrifugal pump.
{Jet pump}, a device in which a small jet of steam, air,
water, or other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise
moves, by its impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with
which it mingles.
Jet \Jet\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jetted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jetting}.] [F. jeter, L. jactare, freq. fr. jacere to throw.
See 3d {Jet}, and cf. {Jut}.]
1. To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be
insolent; to obtrude. [Obs.]
he jets under his advanced plumes! --Shak.
To jet upon a prince's right. --Shak.
2. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken. [Obs.] --Wiseman.
3. To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.
Jet \Jet\, v. t.
To spout; to emit in a stream or jet.
A dozen angry models jetted steam. --Tennyson.
Jet-black \Jet"-black`\, a.
Black as jet; deep black.
Jet d'eau \Jet` d'eau"\, pl. {Jets d'eau}. [F., a throw of
water. See {Jet} a shooting forth.]
A stream of water spouting from a fountain or pipe
(especially from one arranged to throw water upward), in a
public place or in a garden, for ornament.
Jeterus \Jet"e*rus\, n. (Bot.)
A yellowness of the parts of plants which are normally green;
yellows.
Jetsam \Jet"sam\, Jetson \Jet"son\, n. [F. jeter to throw: cf.
OF. getaison a throwing. Cf. {Flotsam}, {Jettison}.]
1. (Mar. Law) Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and
remain under water; -- distinguished from flotsam, goods
which float, and ligan, goods which are sunk attached to a
buoy.
2. Jettison. See {Jettison}, 1.
Jetteau \Jet"teau\ (j[e^]t"t[-o]), n.
See {Jet d'eau}. [R.] --Addison.
Jettee \Jet"tee\ (-t[-e]), n.
See {Jetty}, n. -- Burke.
Jetter \Jet"ter\ (-t[~e]r), n.
One who struts; one who bears himself jauntily; a fop. [Obs.]
--Palsgrave.
Jettiness \Jet"ti*ness\ (-t[i^]*n[e^]s). n.
The state of being jetty; blackness. --Pennant.
Jettison \Jet"ti*son\ n. [See {Jetsam}.]
1. (Mar. Law) The throwing overboard of goods from necessity,
in order to lighten a vessel in danger of wreck.
2. See {Jetsam}, 1.
Jetton \Jet"ton\, n. [F. jeton.]
A metal counter used in playing cards.
Jetty \Jet"ty\, a.
Made of jet, or like jet in color.
The people . . . are of a jetty. -- Sir T.
Browne.
Jetty \Jet"ty\, n.; pl. {Jetties}. [F. jet['e]e a pier, a jetty,
a causeway. See {Jet} a shooting forth, and cf. {Jutty}.]
1. (Arch.) A part of a building that jets or projects beyond
the rest, and overhangs the wall below.
2. A wharf or pier extending from the shore.
3. (Hydraul. Engin.) A structure of wood or stone extended
into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to
protect a harbor; a mole; as, the Eads system of jetties
at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
{Jetty ad} (Naut.), a projecting part at the end of a wharf;
the front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of
a dock.
Jetty \Jet"ty\, v. i.
To jut out; to project. [Obs.] --Florio.
Jeu d'esprit \Jeu" d'es`prit"\ [F., play of mind.]
A witticism.
Jew \Jew\, n. [OF. Juis, pl., F. Juif, L. Judaeus, Gr. ?, fr. ?
the country of the Jews, Judea, fr. Heb. Y?h?d[=a]h Judah,
son of Jacob. Cf. {Judaic}.]
Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah;
after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of
the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite.
{Jew's frankincense}, gum styrax, or benzoin.
{Jew's mallow} (Bot.), an annual herb ({Corchorus olitorius})
cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India
for its fiber.
{Jew's pitch}, asphaltum; bitumen.
{The Wandering Jew}, an imaginary personage, who, for his
cruelty to the Savior during his passion, is doomed to
wander on the earth till Christ's second coming.
Jewbush \Jew"bush`\, n. (Bot.)
A euphorbiaceous shrub of the genus {Pedilanthus} ({P.
tithymaloides}), found in the West Indies, and possessing
powerful emetic and drastic qualities.
Jewel \Jew"el\, n. [OE. juel, jowel, OF. jouel, juel, joiel, F.
joyau, dim. of OF. joie joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See {Joy}.]
1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and
having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design.
Plate of rare device, and jewels Of rich and
exquisite form. --Shak.
2. A precious stone; a gem. --Shak.
3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious
thing. ``Our prince (jewel of children).'' --Shak.
4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a
crystal or precious stone, as a ruby.
{Jewel block} (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard,
through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.
Jewel \Jew"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jeweled}, or {Jewelled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Jeweling}, or {Jewelling}.]
To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a
sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels.
The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew. --M.
Arnold.
Jeweler \Jew"el*er\, n. [Cf. F. joaillier.]
One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and
similar ornaments. [Written also {jeweller}.]
{Jeweler's gold}. See under {Gold}.
Jewellery \Jew"el*ler*y\, n.
See {Jewelry}. --Burke.
Jewelry \Jew"el*ry\, n. [Cf. F. joaillerie.]
1. The art or trade of a jeweler. --Cotgrave.
2. Jewels, collectively; as, a bride's jewelry.
Jewelweed \Jew"el*weed`\, n. (Bot.)
See {Impatiens}.
Jewess \Jew"ess\, n., fem. of {Jew}.
A Hebrew woman.
Jewfish \Jew"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
1. A very large serranoid fish ({Promicrops itaiara}) of
Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. It often reaches the
weight of five hundred pounds. Its color is olivaceous or
yellowish, with numerous brown spots. Called also {guasa},
and {warsaw}.
2. A similar gigantic fish ({Stereolepis gigas}) of Southern
California, valued as a food fish.
3. The black grouper of Florida and Texas.
4. A large herringlike fish; the tarpum.
Jewise \Jew*ise"\, n.
Same as {Juise}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jewish \Jew"ish\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews; characteristic of or
resembling the Jews or their customs; Israelitish. --
{Jew"ish*ly}, adv. -- {Jew"ish*ness}, n.
Jewry \Jew"ry\, n. [OE. Jewerie, OF. Juierie, F. Juiverie.]
Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter.
--Chaucer.
Teaching throughout all Jewry. -- Luke xxiii.
5.
Jew's-ear \Jew's"-ear`\, n. (Bot.)
A species of fungus ({Hirneola Auricula-Jud[ae], or
Auricula}), bearing some resemblance to the human ear.
Jew's-harp \Jew's-harp`\, n. [Jew + harp; or possibly a corrupt.
of jaw's harp; cf. G. maultrommel, lit., mouthdrum.]
1. An instrument of music, which, when placed between the
teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal tongue struck by
the finger, a sound which is modulated by the breath; --
called also {Jew's-trump}.
2. (Naut.) The shackle for joining a chain cable to an
anchor.
Jew's-stone \Jew's-stone`\, Jewstone \Jew"stone`\, n. (Paleon.)
A large clavate spine of a fossil sea urchin.
Jezebel \Jez"e*bel\, n. [From Jezebel, Heb. Izebel, the wife of
Ahab king of Israel.]
A bold, vicious woman; a termagant. --Spectator.
Jharal \Jha"ral\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A wild goat ({Capra Jemlaica}) which inhabits the loftiest
mountains of India. It has long, coarse hair, forming a thick
mane on its head and neck.
Jib \Jib\, n. [Named from its shifting from side to side. See
{Jib}, v. i.., {Jibe}.]
1. (Naut.) A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard
extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the
bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry
several jibe; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc.
2. (Mach.) The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load
is suspended.
{Jib boom} (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an
extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by
another spar called the flying jib boom. [Written also
{gib boom}.]
{Jib crane} (Mach.), a crane having a horizontal jib on which
a trolley moves, bearing the load.
{Jib door} (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without
dressings or moldings; a disguised door.
{Jib header} (Naut.), a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a
jib-headed topsail.
{Jib topsail} (Naut.), a small jib set above and outside of
all the other jibs.
{The cut of one's jib}, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.]
--Sir W. Scott.
Jib \Jib\, v. i. [Connected with jibe; cf. OF. giber to shake.]
To move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse;
to balk. [Written also {jibb}.] [Eng.]
Jibber \Jib"ber\, n.
A horse that jibs. [Eng.]
Jibe \Jibe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jibed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jibing}.] [Cf. Dan. gibbe, D. gijpen, v. i., and dial. Sw.
gippa to jerk. Cf. {Jib}, n. & v. i.] (Naut.)
To shift, as the boom of a fore-and-aft sail, from one side
of a vessel to the other when the wind is aft or on the
quarter. See {Gybe}.
Jibe \Jibe\, v. i.
1. (Naut.) To change a ship's course so as to cause a
shifting of the boom. See {Jibe}, v. t., and {Gybe}.
2. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq.] --Bartlett.
Jiffy \Jif"fy\, n. [Perh. corrupt. fr. gliff.] [Written also
{giffy}.]
A moment; an instant; as, I will be ready in a jiffy.
[Colloq.] --J. & H. Smith.
Jig \Jig\, n. [OF. gigue a stringed instrument, a kind of dance,
F. gigue dance, tune, gig; of German origin; cf. MHG. g[=i]ge
fiddle, G. geige. Cf. {Gig} a fiddle, {Gig} a whirligig.]
1. (Mus.) A light, brisk musical movement.
Hot and hasty, like a Scotch jib. -- Shak.
3. A light, humorous piece of writing, esp. in rhyme; a farce
in verse; a ballad. [Obs.]
A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme Praised
and applauded. --Beau. & Fl.
4. A piece of sport; a trick; a prank. [Obs.]
Is't not a fine jig, A precious cunning, in the late
Protector? -- Beau & Fl.
5. A trolling bait, consisting of a bright spoon and a hook
attached.
6. (Mach.)
(a) A small machine or handy tool; esp.: (Metal Working) A
contrivance fastened to or inclosing a piece of work,
and having hard steel surfaces to guide a tool, as a
drill, or to form a shield or templet to work to, as
in filing.
(b) (Mining) An apparatus or a machine for jigging ore.
{Drill jig}, a jig for guiding a drill. See {Jig}, 6
(a) .
{Jig drilling}, {Jig filing} (Metal Working), a process of
drilling or filing in which the action of the tool is
directed or limited by a jig.
{Jig saw}, a sawing machine with a narrow, vertically
reciprocating saw, used to cut curved and irregular lines,
or ornamental patterns in openwork, a scroll saw; --
called also {gig saw}.
Jig \Jig\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jigged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jigging}.]
1. To sing to the tune of a jig.
Jig off a tune at the tongue's end. -- Shak.
2. To trick or cheat; to cajole; to delude. --Ford.
3. (Mining) To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve.
See {Jigging}, n.
4. (Metal Working) To cut or form, as a piece of metal, in a
jigging machine.
Jig \Jig\, v. i.
To dance a jig; to skip about.
You jig, you amble, and you lisp. -- Shak.
Jigger \Jig"ger\, n. [A corrupt. of chigre.] (Zo["o]l.)
A species of flea ({Sarcopsylla, or Pulex, penetrans}), which
burrows beneath the skin. See {Chigoe}.
Jigger \Jig"ger\, n. [See {Jig}, n. & v.]
1. One who, or that which, jigs; specifically, a miner who
sorts or cleans ore by the process of jigging; also, the
sieve used in jigging.
2. (Pottery)
(a) A horizontal table carrying a revolving mold, on which
earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion; a potter's
wheel.
(b) A templet or tool by which vessels are shaped on a
potter's wheel.
3. (Naut.)
(a) A light tackle, consisting of a double and single
block and the fall, used for various purposes, as to
increase the purchase on a topsail sheet in hauling it
home; the watch tackle. --Totten.
(b) A small fishing vessel, rigged like a yawl. [New Eng.]
(c) A supplementary sail. See {Dandy}, n., 2
(b) .
4. A pendulum rolling machine for slicking or graining
leather; same as {Jack}, 4
(i) .
{Jigger mast}. (Naut.)
(a) The after mast of a four-masted vessel.
(b) The small mast set at the stern of a yawl-rigged boat.
Jigging \Jig"ging\, n. (Mining)
The act or using a jig; the act of separating ore with a
jigger, or wire-bottomed sieve, which is moved up and down in
water.
{Jigging machine}.
(a) (Mining) A machine for separating ore by the process of
jigging.
(b) (Metal Working) A machine with a rotary milling cutter
and a templet by which the action of the cutter is guided
or limited; -- used for forming the profile of an
irregularly shaped piece; a profiling machine.
Jiggish \Jig"gish\, a.
1. Resembling, or suitable for, a jig, or lively movement.
--Tatler.
2. Playful; frisky. [R.]
She is never sad, and yet not jiggish. -- Habington.
Jiggle \Jig"gle\, v. i. [Freq. of jig.]
To wriggle or frisk about; to move awkwardly; to shake up and
down.
Jigjog \Jig"jog`\, n.
A jolting motion; a jogging pace.
Jigjog \Jig"jog\, a.
Having a jolting motion.
Jill \Jill\, n. [See {Gill} sweetheart.]
A young woman; a sweetheart. See {Gill}. --Beau. & Fl.
Jill-flirt \Jill"-flirt`\, n.
A light, giddy, or wanton girl or woman. See {Gill-flirt}.
Jilt \Jilt\, n. [Contr. fr. Scot. jillet a giddy girl, a
jill-flirt, dim. of jill a jill.]
A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a coquette; a
flirt. --Otway.
Jilt \Jilt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jilted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jilting}.]
To cast off capriciously or unfeeling, as a lover; to deceive
in love. --Locke.
Jilt \Jilt\, v. i.
To play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to discard
lovers capriciously. --Congreve.
Jimcrack \Jim"crack`\, n.
See {Gimcrack}.
Jim-crow \Jim"-crow`\, n. (Mach.)
1. A machine for bending or straightening rails.
2. A planing machine with a reversing tool, to plane both
ways.
Jimmy \Jim"my\, n.; pl. {Jimmies}. [Cf. {Jemmy}.]
A short crowbar used by burglars in breaking open doors.
[Written also {jemmy}.]
Jimp \Jimp\, a. [Cf. {Gimp}, a.]
Neat; handsome; elegant. See {Gimp}.
Jimson weed \Jim"son weed`\
See {Jamestown weed}. [Local, U.S.]
Jin \Jin\, Jinn \Jinn\, n.
See {Jinnee}. ``Solomon is said to have had power over the
jin.'' --Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Jingal \Jin*gal"\, n. [Hind. jang[=a]l a swivel, a large
musket.]
A small portable piece of ordnance, mounted on a swivel.
[Written also {gingal} and {jingall}.] [India]
Jingle \Jin"gle\, v. i. [OE. gingelen, ginglen; prob. akin to E.
chink; cf. also E. jangle.]
1. To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or
tinkling sound; as, sleigh bells jingle. [Written also
{gingle}.]
2. To rhyme or sound with a jingling effect. ``Jingling
street ballads.'' --Macaulay.
Jingle \Jin"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jingled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jingling}.]
To cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or
as coins shaken together; to tinkle.
The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. -- Pope.
Jingle \Jin"gle\, n.
1. A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little
bells or pieces of metal.
2. That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle.
If you plant where savages are, do not only
entertain them with trifles and jingles,but use them
justly. -- Bacon.
3. A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the
verse has little merit; hence, the verse itself.`` The
least jingle of verse.'' --Guardian.
{Jingle shell}. See {Gold shell}
(b), under {Gold}.
Jingler \Jin"gler\, n.
One who, or that which, jingles.
Jingling \Jin"gling\, n.
The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the sound
itself; a chink. ``The jingling of the guinea.'' --Tennyson.
Jinglingly \Jin"gling*ly\, adv.
So as to jingle. --Lowell.
Jingo \Jin"go\, n.; pl. {Jingoes}. [Said to be a corruption of
St. Gingoulph.]
1. A word used as a jocular oath. ``By the living jingo.''
--Goldsmith.
2. A statesman who pursues, or who favors, aggressive,
domineering policy in foreign affairs. [Cant, Eng.]
Note: This sense arose from a doggerel song which was popular
during the Turco-Russian war of 1877 and 1878. The
first two lines were as follows:
We don't want to fight, but by Jingo if we do, We
've got the ships, we 've got the men, we 've got
the money too.
Jingoism \Jin"go*ism\, n.
The policy of the Jingoes, so called. See {Jingo}, 2. [Cant,
Eng.]
Jinnee \Jin"nee\, n.; pl. {Jinn}. [Ar.] (Arabian & Mohammedan
Myth.)
A genius or demon; one of the fabled genii, good and evil
spirits, supposed to be the children of fire, and to have the
power of assuming various forms. [Written also {jin},
{djinnee}, etc.]
Note: Jinn is also used as sing., with pl. jinns.
Jinny road \Jin"ny road`\ [Cf. {Gin} an engine,
{Ginnycarriage}.] (Mining)
An inclined road in a coal mine, on which loaded cars descend
by gravity, drawing up empty ones. --Knight.
Jinrikisha \Jin*rik"i*sha\, n. [Jap. jin man + riki power + sha
carriage.]
A small, two-wheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one more men.
[Japan]
Jippo \Jip"po\ (j[i^]p"p[-o]), n. [Abbrev. fr. juppon.]
A waistcoat or kind of stays for women.
Jo \Jo\, n.; pl. {Joes}. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A sweetheart; a darling. [Scot.] --Burns.
Job \Job\, n. [Prov. E. job, gob, n., a small piece of wood, v.,
to stab, strike; cf. E. gob, gobbet; perh. influenced by E.
chop to cut off, to mince. See {Gob}.]
1. A sudden thrust or stab; a jab.
2. A piece of chance or occasional work; any definite work
undertaken in gross for a fixed price; as, he did the job
for a thousand dollars.
3. A public transaction done for private profit; something
performed ostensibly as a part of official duty, but
really for private gain; a corrupt official business.
4. Any affair or event which affects one, whether fortunately
or unfortunately. [Colloq.]
5. A situation or opportunity of work; as, he lost his job.
[Colloq.]
Note: Job is used adjectively to signify doing jobs, used for
jobs, or let on hire to do jobs; as, job printer; job
master; job horse; job wagon, etc.
{By the job}, at a stipulated sum for the work, or for each
piece of work done; -- distinguished from time work; as,
the house was built by the job.
{Job lot}, a quantity of goods, usually miscellaneous, sold
out of the regular course of trade, at a certain price for
the whole; as, these articles were included in a job lot.
{Job master}, one who lest out horses and carriages for hire,
as for family use. [Eng.]
{Job printer}, one who does miscellaneous printing, esp.
circulars, cards, billheads, etc.
{Odd job}, miscellaneous work of a petty kind; occasional
work, of various kinds, or for various people.
Job \Job\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jobbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jobbing}.]
1. To strike or stab with a pointed instrument. --L'Estrange.
2. To thrust in, as a pointed instrument. --Moxon.
3. To do or cause to be done by separate portions or lots; to
sublet (work); as, to job a contract.
4. (Com.) To buy and sell, as a broker; to purchase of
importers or manufacturers for the purpose of selling to
retailers; as, to job goods.
5. To hire or let by the job or for a period of service; as,
to job a carriage. --Thackeray.
Job \Job\, v. i.
1. To do chance work for hire; to work by the piece; to do
petty work.
Authors of all work, to job for the season. --Moore.
2. To seek private gain under pretense of public service; to
turn public matters to private advantage.
And judges job, and bishops bite the town. --Pope.
3. To carry on the business of a jobber in merchandise or
stocks.
Job \Job\, n.
The hero of the book of that name in the Old Testament; the
typical patient man.
{Job's comforter}.
(a) A false friend; a tactless or malicious person who, under
pretense of sympathy, insinuates rebukes.
(b) A boil. [Colloq.]
{Job's news}, bad news. --Carlyle.
{Job's tears} (Bot.), a kind of grass ({Coix Lacryma}), with
hard, shining, pearly grains.
Jobation \Jo*ba"tion\, n. [Prov. E. job to scold, to reprove,
perh. fr. Job, the proper name.]
A scolding; a hand, tedious reproof. [Law] --Grose.
Jobber \Job"ber\, n.
1. One who works by the job.
2. A dealer in the public stocks or funds; a stockjobber.
[Eng.]
3. One who buys goods from importers, wholesalers, or
manufacturers, and sells to retailers.
4. One who turns official or public business to private
advantage; hence, one who performs low or mercenary work
in office, politics, or intrigue.
Jobbernowl \Job"ber*nowl`\, n. [OE. jobbernoule, fr. jobarde a
stupid fellow; cf. E. noll.]
A blockhead. [Colloq. & Obs.] --H. Taylor.
Jobbery \Job"ber*y\, n.
1. The act or practice of jobbing.
2. Underhand management; official corruption; as, municipal
jobbery. --Mayhew.
Jobbing \Job"bing\, a.
1. Doing chance work or add jobs; as, a jobbing carpenter.
2. Using opportunities of public service for private gain;
as, a jobbing politician. --London Sat. Rev.
{Jobbing house}, a mercantile establishment which buys from
importers, wholesalers or manufacturers, and sells to
retailers. [U.S.]
Jocantry \Jo"cant*ry\, n. [L. jocans, p. pr. of jocare to jest,
fr. jocus a jest.]
The act or practice of jesting. [Obs.]
Jockey \Jock"ey\, n.; pl. {Jockeys}. [Dim. of Jack, Scot. Jock;
orig., a boy who rides horses. See 2d {Jack}.]
1. A professional rider of horses in races. --Addison.
2. A dealer in horses; a horse trader. --Macaulay.
3. A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.
Jockey \Jock"ey\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jockeyed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Jockeying}.]
1. `` To jostle by riding against one.'' --Johnson.
2. To play the jockey toward; to cheat; to trick; to impose
upon in trade; as, to jockey a customer.
Jockey \Jock"ey\, v. i.
To play or act the jockey; to cheat.
Jockeying \Jock"ey*ing\, n.
The act or management of one who jockeys; trickery.
--Beaconsfield.
Jockeyism \Jock"ey*ism\, n.
The practice of jockeys.
Jockeyship \Jock"ey*ship\, n.
The art, character, or position, of a jockey; the personality
of a jockey.
Go flatter Sawney for his jockeyship. --Chatterton.
Where can at last his jockeyship retire? --Cowper.
Jocose \Jo*cose"\, a. [L jocosus, fr. jocus joke. See {Joke}.]
Given to jokes and jesting; containing a joke, or abounding
in jokes; merry; sportive; humorous.
To quit their austerity and be jocose and pleasant with
an adversary. --Shaftesbury.
All . . . jocose or comical airs should be excluded.
--I. Watts.
Syn: Jocular; facetious; witty; merry; pleasant; waggish;
sportive; funny; comical. -- {Jo*cose"ly}, adv. --
{Jo*cose"ness}, n.
Spondanus imagines that Ulysses may possibly speak
jocosely, but in truth Ulysses never behaves with
levity. --Broome.
He must beware lest his letter should contain
anything like jocoseness; since jesting is
incompatible with a holy and serious life.
--Buckle.
Jocoserious \Jo`co*se"ri*ous\, a. [Jocose + serious.]
Mingling mirth and seriousness. --M. Green.
Jocosity \Jo*cos"i*ty\, n.
A jocose act or saying; jocoseness. --Sir T. Browne.
Jocular \Joc"u*lar\, a. [L. jocularis, fr. joculus, dim. of
jocus joke. See {Joke}.]
1. Given to jesting; jocose; as, a jocular person.
2. Sportive; merry. ``Jocular exploits.'' --Cowper.
The style is serious and partly jocular. --Dryden.
Jocularity \Joc`u*lar"i*ty\, n.
Jesting; merriment.
Jocularly \Joc"u*lar*ly\, adv.
In jest; for sport or mirth; jocosely.
Joculary \Joc"u*la*ry\, a. [L. jocularius. Cf. {Jocular}.]
Jocular; jocose; sportive. --Bacon.
Joculator \Joc"u*la`tor\, n. [L. See {Juggler}.]
A jester; a joker. [Obs.] --Strutt.
Joculatory \Joc"u*la*to*ry\, a. [L. joculatorius.]
Droll; sportive. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Jocund \Joc"und\, [L. jocundus, jucundus, orig., helpful, fr.
juvare to help. See {Aid}.]
Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive.
Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands
tiptoe on the misty mountain tops. --Shak.
Rural sports and jocund strains. --Prior.
-- {Joc"und*ly}, adv. -- {Joc"und*ness}, n.
Jocund \Joc"und\, adv.
Merrily; cheerfully. --Gray.
Jocundity \Jo*cun"di*ty\, n. [L. jocunditas jucunditas. See
{Jocund}, and cf. {Jucundity}.]
The state or quality of being jocund; gayety; sportiveness.
Joe \Joe\, n.
See {Johannes}.
Joe Miller \Joe" Mil"ler\ [From Joseph Miller, a comic actor,
whose name was attached, after his death, to a popular jest
book published in 1739.]
A jest book; a stale jest; a worn-out joke. [Colloq.]
It is an old Joe Miller in whist circles, that there
are only two reasons that can justify you in not
returning trumps to your partner's lead; i. e., first,
sudden illness; secondly, having none. --Pole.
Joe-Pye weed \Joe`-Pye" weed`\ (Bot.)
A tall composite plant of the genus {Eupatorium} ({E.
purpureum}), with purplish flowers, and whorled leaves.
Jog \Jog\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jogged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jogging}.] [OE. joggen; cf. W. gogi to shake, and also E.
shog, shock, v.]
1. To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to jostle; esp.,
to push or touch, in order to give notice, to excite one's
attention, or to warn.
Now leaps he upright, jogs me, and cries: Do you see
Yonder well-favored youth? --Donne.
Sudden I jogged Ulysses, who was laid Fast by my
side. --Pope.
2. To suggest to; to notify; to remind; to call the attention
of; as, to jog the memory.
3. To cause to jog; to drive at a jog, as a horse. See {Jog},
v. i.
Jog \Jog\, v. i.
To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot;
to move slowly, leisurely, or monotonously; -- usually with
on, sometimes with over.
Jog on, jog on, the footpath way. --Shak.
So hung his destiny, never to rot,
While he might still jog on and keep his trot.
--Milton.
The good old ways our sires jogged safely over. --R.
Browning.
Jog \Jog\, n.
1. A slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or
awaken attention; a push; a jolt.
To give them by turns an invisible jog. --Swift.
2. A rub; a slight stop; an obstruction; hence, an
irregularity in motion of from; a hitch; a break in the
direction of a line or the surface of a plane. --Glanvill.
{Jog trot}, a slow, regular, jolting gait; hence, a routine
habit or method, persistently adhered to. --T. Hook.
Jogger \Jog"ger\, n.
One who jogs. --Dryden.
Jogging \Jog"ging\, n.
The act of giving a jog or jogs; traveling at a jog.
Joggle \Jog"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Joggled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Joggling}.] [Freq. of jog.]
1. To shake slightly; to push suddenly but slightly, so as to
cause to shake or totter; to jostle; to jog.
2. (Arch.) To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent
sliding apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel.
The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss
posts. --Gwilt.
Joggle \Jog"gle\, v. i.
To shake or totter; to slip out of place.
Joggle \Jog"gle\, n. [Arch.]
A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of
building material to prevent slipping; sometimes, but
incorrectly, applied to a separate piece fitted into two
adjacent stones, or the like.
{Joggle joint} (Arch.), a joint in any kind of building
material, where the joining surfaces are made with
joggles.
Johannean \Jo`han*ne"an\ (j[-o]`h[a^]n*n[=e]"an), a.
Of or pertaining to John, esp. to the Apostle John or his
writings. --M. Stuart.
Johannes \Jo*han"nes\ (j[-o]*h[a^]n"n[=e]z), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?,
Heb. Y[e^]h[=o]kh[=a]n[=a]n, Y[=o]kh[=a]n[=a]n, i. e., one
whom Jehovah has blessed; hence F. Jean, E. John.] (Numis.)
A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars, named
from the figure of King John which it bears; -- often
contracted into joe; as, a joe, or a half joe.
Johannisberger \Jo*han"nis*ber`ger\, n. [G.]
A fine white wine produced on the estate of Schloss (or
Castle) Johannisberg, on the Rhine.
John \John\ (j[o^]n), n. [See {Johannes}.]
A proper name of a man.
{John-apple}, a sort of apple ripe about St. John's Day. Same
as {Apple-john}.
{John Bull}, an ideal personification of the typical
characteristics of an Englishman, or of the English
people.
{John Bullism}, English character. --W. Irving.
{John Doe} (Law), the name formerly given to the fictitious
plaintiff in an action of ejectment. --Mozley & W.
{John Doree}, {John Dory}. [John (or F. jaune yellow) +
Doree, Dory.] (Zo["o]l.) An oval, compressed, European
food fish ({Zeus faber}). Its color is yellow and olive,
with golden, silvery, and blue reflections. It has a round
dark spot on each side. Called also {dory}, {doree}, and
{St. Peter's fish}.
Johnadreams \John"a*dreams`\, n.
A dreamy, idle fellow. --Shak.
Johnny \John"ny\, n.; pl. {Johnnies}.
1. A familiar diminutive of {John}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A sculpin. [Local cant]
{Johny Crapaud}, a jocose designation of a Frenchman, or of
the French people, collectively.
Johnnycake \John"ny*cake`\ (-k[=a]k`), n.
A kind of bread made of the meal of maize (Indian corn),
mixed with water or milk, etc., and baked. [U.S.] --J.
Barlow.
Johnsonese \John`son*ese"\, n.
The literary style of Dr. Samuel Johnson, or one formed in
imitation of it; an inflated, stilted, or pompous style,
affecting classical words. --E. Everett.
Johnson grass \John"son grass`\ [Named after W. Johnson of
Alabama, who planted it about 1840-1845.] (Bot.)
A tall perennial grass ({Sorghum Halepense}), valuable in the
Southern and Western States for pasture and hay. The
rootstocks are large and juicy and are eagerly sought by
swine. Called also {Cuba grass}, {Means grass}, {Evergreen
millet}, and {Arabian millet}.
Johnsonian \John*so"ni*an\, a.
Pertaining to or resembling Dr. Johnson or his style;
pompous; inflated.
Johnsonianism \John*so"ni*an*ism\, n.
A manner of acting or of writing peculiar to, or
characteristic of, Dr. Johnson. [Written also {Johnsonism}.]
John's-wort \John's"-wort`\, n.
See St. {John's-wort}.
Join \Join\ (join), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Joined}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Joining}.] [OE. joinen, joignen, F. joindre, fr. L.
jungere to yoke, bind together, join; akin to jugum yoke. See
{Yoke}, and cf. {Conjugal}, {Junction}, {Junta}.]
1. To bring together, literally or figuratively; to place in
contact; to connect; to couple; to unite; to combine; to
associate; to add; to append.
Woe unto them that join house to house. --Is. v. 8.
Held up his left hand, which did flame and burn Like
twenty torches joined. --Shak.
Thy tuneful voice with numbers join. --Dryden.
2. To associate one's self to; to be or become connected
with; to league one's self with; to unite with; as, to
join a party; to join the church.
We jointly now to join no other head. --Dryden.
3. To unite in marriage.
He that joineth his virgin in matrimony. --Wyclif.
What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not
man put asunder. --Matt. xix.
6.
4. To enjoin upon; to command. [Obs. & R.]
They join them penance, as they call it. --Tyndale.
5. To accept, or engage in, as a contest; as, to join
encounter, battle, issue. --Milton.
{To join battle}, {To join issue}. See under {Battle},
{Issue}.
Syn: To add; annex; unite; connect; combine; consociate;
couple; link; append. See {Add}.
Join \Join\, v. i.
To be contiguous, close, or in contact; to come together; to
unite; to mingle; to form a union; as, the hones of the skull
join; two rivers join.
Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. --Acts xviii.
7.
Should we again break thy commandments, and join in
affinity with the people of these abominations? --Ezra
ix. 14.
Nature and fortune joined to make thee great. --Shak.
Join \Join\, n. (Geom.)
The line joining two points; the point common to two
intersecting lines. --Henrici.
Joinant \Join"ant\, a. [OF. & F. joignant, p. pr. of joindre to
join.]
Adjoining. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Joinder \Join"der\, n. [F. joindre. See {Join}, v. t.]
1. The act of joining; a putting together; conjunction.
Confirmed by mutual joinder of your hands. --Shak.
2. (Law)
(a) A joining of parties as plaintiffs or defendants in a
suit.
(b) Acceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact.
(c) A joining of causes of action or defense in civil
suits or criminal prosecutions.
Joiner \Join"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, joins.
2. One whose occupation is to construct articles by joining
pieces of wood; a mechanic who does the woodwork (as
doors, stairs, etc.) necessary for the finishing of
buildings. ``One Snug, the joiner.'' --Shak.
3. A wood-working machine, for sawing, plaining, mortising,
tenoning, grooving, etc.
Syn: See {Carpenter}.
Joinery \Join"er*y\, n.
The art, or trade, of a joiner; the work of a joiner.
A piece of joinery . . . whimsically dovetailed.
--Burke.
Joinhand \Join"hand`\, n.
Writing in which letters are joined in words; --
distinguished from writing in single letters. --Addison.
Joint \Joint\ (joint), n. [F. joint, fr. joindre, p. p. joint.
See {Join}.]
1. The place or part where two things or parts are joined or
united; the union of two or more smooth or even surfaces
admitting of a close-fitting or junction; junction as, a
joint between two pieces of timber; a joint in a pipe.
2. A joining of two things or parts so as to admit of motion;
an articulation, whether movable or not; a hinge; as, the
knee joint; a node or joint of a stem; a ball and socket
joint. See {Articulation}.
A scaly gauntlet now, with joints of steel, Must
glove this hand. --Shak.
To tear thee joint by joint. --Milton.
3. The part or space included between two joints, knots,
nodes, or articulations; as, a joint of cane or of a grass
stem; a joint of the leg.
4. Any one of the large pieces of meat, as cut into portions
by the butcher for roasting.
5. (Geol.) A plane of fracture, or divisional plane, of a
rock transverse to the stratification.
6. (Arch.) The space between the adjacent surfaces of two
bodies joined and held together, as by means of cement,
mortar, etc.; as, a thin joint.
7. The means whereby the meeting surfaces of pieces in a
structure are secured together.
{Coursing joint} (Masonry), the mortar joint between two
courses of bricks or stones.
{Fish joint}, {Miter joint}, {Universal joint}, etc. See
under {Fish}, {Miter}, etc.
{Joint bolt}, a bolt for fastening two pieces, as of wood,
one endwise to the other, having a nut embedded in one of
the pieces.
{Joint chair} (Railroad), the chair that supports the ends of
abutting rails.
{Joint coupling}, a universal joint for coupling shafting.
See under {Universal}.
{Joint hinge}, a hinge having long leaves; a strap hinge.
{Joint splice}, a re["e]nforce at a joint, to sustain the
parts in their true relation.
{Joint stool}.
(a) A stool consisting of jointed parts; a folding stool.
--Shak.
(b) A block for supporting the end of a piece at a joint;
a joint chair.
{Out of joint}, out of place; dislocated, as when the head of
a bone slips from its socket; hence, not working well
together; disordered. ``The time is out of joint.''
--Shak.
Joint \Joint\, a. [F., p. p. of joindre. See {Join}.]
1. Joined; united; combined; concerted; as joint action.
2. Involving the united activity of two or more; done or
produced by two or more working together.
I read this joint effusion twice over. --T. Hook.
3. United, joined, or sharing with another or with others;
not solitary in interest or action; holding in common with
an associate, or with associates; acting together; as,
joint heir; joint creditor; joint debtor, etc. ``Joint
tenants of the world.'' --Donne.
4. Shared by, or affecting two or more; held in common; as,
joint property; a joint bond.
A joint burden laid upon us all. --Shak.
{Joint committee} (Parliamentary Practice), a committee
composed of members of the two houses of a legislative
body, for the appointment of which concurrent resolutions
of the two houses are necessary. --Cushing.
{Joint meeting}, or {Joint session}, the meeting or session
of two distinct bodies as one; as, a joint meeting of
committees representing different corporations; a joint
session of both branches of a State legislature to chose a
United States senator. ``Such joint meeting shall not be
dissolved until the electoral votes are all counted and
the result declared.'' --Joint Rules of Congress, U. S.
{Joint resolution} (Parliamentary Practice), a resolution
adopted concurrently by the two branches of a legislative
body. ``By the constitution of the United States and the
rules of the two houses, no absolute distinction is made
between bills and joint resolutions.'' --Barclay (Digest).
{Joint rule} (Parliamentary Practice), a rule of proceeding
adopted by the concurrent action of both branches of a
legislative assembly. ``Resolved, by the House of
Representatives (the Senate concurring), that the
sixteenth and seventeenth joint rules be suspended for the
remainder of the session.'' --Journal H. of R., U. S.
{Joint and several} (Law), a phrase signifying that the debt,
credit, obligation, etc., to which it is applied is held
in such a way that the parties in interest are engaged
both together and individually thus a joint and several
debt is one for which all the debtors may be sued together
or either of them individually.
{Joint stock}, stock held in company.
{Joint-stock company} (Law), a species of partnership,
consisting generally of a large number of members, having
a capital divided, or agreed to be divided, into shares,
the shares owned by any member being usually transferable
without the consent of the rest.
{Joint tenancy} (Law), a tenure by two or more persons of
estate by unity of interest, title, time, and possession,
under which the survivor takes the whole. --Blackstone.
{Joint tenant} (Law), one who holds an estate by joint
tenancy.
Joint \Joint\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jointed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jointing}.]
1. To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare
so as to fit together; as, to joint boards.
Pierced through the yielding planks of jointed wood.
--Pope.
2. To join; to connect; to unite; to combine.
Jointing their force 'gainst C[ae]sar. --Shak.
3. To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate.
The fingers are jointed together for motion. --Ray.
4. To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or
joints; to disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat. ``He
joints the neck.'' --Dryden.
Quartering, jointing, seething, and roasting.
--Holland.
Joint \Joint\, v. i.
To fit as if by joints; to coalesce as joints do; as, the
stones joint, neatly.
Jointed \Joint"ed\, a.
Having joints; articulated; full of nodes; knotty; as, a
jointed doll; jointed structure. ``The jointed herbage.''
--J. Philips. -- {Joint"ed*ly}, adv.
Jointer \Joint"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, joints.
2. A plane for smoothing the surfaces of pieces which are to
be accurately joined; especially:
(a) The longest plane used by a joiner.
(b) (Coopering) A long stationary plane, for plaining the
edges of barrel staves.
3. (Masonry)
(a) A bent piece of iron inserted to strengthen the joints
of a wall.
(b) A tool for pointing the joints in brickwork.
Joint-fir \Joint"-fir`\, n. (Bot.)
A genus ({Ephedra}) of leafless shrubs, with the stems
conspicuously jointed; -- called also {shrubby horsetail}.
There are about thirty species, of which two or three are
found from Texas to California.
Jointing \Joint"ing\, n.
The act or process of making a joint; also, the joints thus
produced.
{Jointing machine}, a planing machine for wood used in
furniture and piano factories, etc.
{Jointing plane}. See {Jointer}, 2.
{Jointing rule} (Masonry), a long straight rule, used by
bricklayers for securing straight joints and faces.
Jointless \Joint"less\, a.
Without a joint; rigid; stiff.
Jointly \Joint"ly\, adv.
In a joint manner; together; unitedly; in concert; not
separately.
Then jointly to the ground their knees they bow.
--Shak.
Jointress \Joint"ress\, n. (Law)
A woman who has a jointure. [Written also {jointuress}.]
--Blackstone.
Jointure \Join"ture\, n. [F. jointure a joint, orig., a joining,
L. junctura, fr. jungere to join. See {Join}, and cf.
{Juncture}.]
1. A joining; a joint. [Obs.]
2. (Law) An estate settled on a wife, which she is to enjoy
after husband's decease, for her own life at least, in
satisfaction of dower.
The jointure that your king must make, Which with
her dowry shall be counterpoised. --Shak.
Jointure \Join"ture\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jointured}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Jointuring}.]
To settle a jointure upon.
Jointureless \Join"ture*less\, a.
Having no jointure.
Jointuress \Join"tur*ess\, n.
See {Jointress}. --Bouvier.
Jointweed \Joint"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
A slender, nearly leafless, American herb ({Polygonum
articulatum}), with jointed spikes of small flowers.
Jointworm \Joint"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The larva of a small, hymenopterous fly ({Eurytoma hordei}),
which is found in gall-like swellings on the stalks of wheat,
usually at or just above the first joint. In some parts of
America it does great damage to the crop.
Joist \Joist\, n. [OE. giste, OF. giste, F. g[^i]te, fr. gesir
to lie, F. g['e]sir. See {Gist}.] (Arch.)
A piece of timber laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which
the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a
ceiling, are nailed; -- called, according to its position or
use, {binding joist}, {bridging joist}, {ceiling joist},
{trimming joist}, etc. See Illust. of {Double-framed floor},
under {Double}, a.
Joist \Joist\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Joisted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Joisting}.]
To fit or furnish with joists. --Johnson.
Joke \Joke\, n. [L. jocus. Cf {Jeopardy}, {Jocular}, {Juggler}.]
1. Something said for the sake of exciting a laugh; something
witty or sportive (commonly indicating more of hilarity or
humor than jest); a jest; a witticism; as, to crack
good-natured jokes.
And gentle dullness ever loves a joke. --Pope.
Or witty joke our airy senses moves To pleasant
laughter. --Gay.
2. Something not said seriously, or not actually meant;
something done in sport.
Inclose whole downs in walls, 't is all a joke.
--Pope.
{In joke}, in jest; sportively; not meant seriously.
{Practical joke}. See under {Practical}.
Joke \Joke\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Joked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Joking}.]
To make merry with; to make jokes upon; to rally; to banter;
as, to joke a comrade.
Joke \Joke\, v. i. [L. jocari.]
To do something for sport, or as a joke; to be merry in words
or actions; to jest.
He laughed, shouted, joked, and swore. --Macaulay.
Syn: To jest; sport; rally; banter. See {Jest}.
Joker \Jok"er\, n.
1. One who makes jokes or jests.
2. (Card Playing) See {Rest bower}, under 2d {Bower}.
Jokingly \Jok"ing*ly\, adv.
In a joking way; sportively.
Jole \Jole\, Joll \Joll\, v. t. & n.
Same as {Jowl}. --Shak.
Jolif \Jol*if"\, a. [See {Jolly}.]
Joyful; merry; pleasant; jolly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jollification \Jol`li*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Jolly + L. -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
A merrymaking; noisy festivity. [Colloq.]
We have had a jollification or so together. --Sir W.
Scott.
Jollily \Jol"li*ly\, adv.
In a jolly manner.
Jolloment \Jol"lo*ment\, n.
Jollity. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Jolliness \Jol"li*ness\, n.
Jollity; noisy mirth. --Chaucer.
Jollity \Jol"li*ty\, n. [From {Jolly}: cf. OF. joliet['e],
jolivet['e].]
Noisy mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity; boisterous
enjoyment. --Chaucer.
All now was turned to jollity and game. --Milton.
He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that
quarrel only for him, who was only worthy to enter into
it. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Syn: Merriment; mirth; gayety; festivity; hilarity.
Jolly \Jol"ly\ (j[o^]l"l[y^]), a. [Compar. {Jollier}
(-l[i^]*[~e]r); superl. {Jolliest}.] [OF. joli, jolif,
joyful, merry, F. joli pretty; of Scand. origin, akin to E.
yule; cf. Icel. j[=o]l yule, Christmas feast. See {Yule}.]
1. Full of life and mirth; jovial; joyous; merry; mirthful.
Like a jolly troop of huntsmen. --Shak.
``A jolly place,'' said he, ``in times of old! But
something ails it now: the spot is cursed.''
--Wordsworth.
2. Expressing mirth, or inspiring it; exciting mirth and
gayety.
And with his jolly pipe delights the groves.
--Prior.
Their jolly notes they chanted loud and clear.
--Fairfax.
3. Of fine appearance; handsome; excellent; lively;
agreeable; pleasant. ``A jolly cool wind.'' --Sir T.
North. [Now mostly colloq.]
Full jolly knight he seemed, and fair did sit.
--Spenser.
The coachman is swelled into jolly dimensions. --W.
Irving.
Jolly-boat \Jol"ly-boat`\, n. [A corruption of Dan. jolle yawl,
or of D. jol yawl + E. boat. See {Yawl} the boat.] (Naut.)
A boat of medium size belonging to a ship.
Jollyhead \Jol"ly*head\, n.
Jollity. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Jolt \Jolt\ (j[=o]lt), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jolted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. Jolting.] [Prob. fr. jole, joll, jowl, and originally
meaning, to knock on the head. See {Jowl}.]
To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings, as a
carriage moving on rough ground; as, the coach jolts.
Jolt \Jolt\, v. t.
To cause to shake with a sudden up and down motion, as in a
carriage going over rough ground, or on a high-trotting
horse; as, the horse jolts the rider; fast driving jolts the
carriage and the passengers.
Jolt \Jolt\, n.
A sudden shock or jerk; a jolting motion, as in a carriage
moving over rough ground.
The first jolt had like to have shaken me out. --Swift.
Jolter \Jolt"er\, n.
One who, or that which, jolts.
Jolterhead \Jolt"er*head`\, Jolthead \Jolt"head`\, n. [See
{Jolt}, {Jowl}.]
A dunce; a blockhead. --Sir T. North.
Joltingly \Jolt"ing*ly\, adv.
In a jolting manner.
Jolty \Jolt"y\, a.
That jolts; as, a jolty coach. [Colloq.]
Jonah \Jo"nah\, n.
The Hebrew prophet, who was cast overboard as one who
endangered the ship; hence, any person whose presence is
unpropitious.
{Jonah crab} (Zo["o]l.), a large crab ({Cancer borealis}) of
the eastern coast of the United States, sometimes found
between tides, but usually in deep water.
Jonesian \Jo*ne"sian\, a.
Of or pertaining to Jones.
{The Jonesian system}, a system of transliterating Oriental
words by English letters, invented by Sir William Jones.
Jongleur \Jon"gleur\, Jongler \Jon"gler\, n. [F. jongleur. See
{Juggler}.]
1. In the Middle Ages, a court attendant or other person who,
for hire, recited or sang verses, usually of his own
composition. See {Troubadour}.
Vivacity and picturesquenees of the jongleur's
verse. --J R. Green.
2. A juggler; a conjuror. See {Juggler}. --Milton.
Jonquil \Jon"quil\, Jonquille \Jon"quille\, n. [F. jonquille,
fr. L. juncus a rush, because it has rushlike leaves.] (Bot.)
A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus ({N. Jonquilla}),
allied to the daffodil. It has long, rushlike leaves, and
yellow or white fragrant flowers. The root has emetic
properties. It is sometimes called the {rush-leaved
daffodil}. See Illust. of {Corona}.
Joram \Jo"ram\, n.
See {Jorum}.
Jordan \Jor"dan\, Jorden \Jor"den\, n. [Prob. fr. the river
Jordan, and shortened fr. Jordan bottle a bottle of water
from the Jordan, brought back by pilgrims.]
1. A pot or vessel with a large neck, formerly used by
physicians and alchemists. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
2. A chamber pot. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Shak.
Jorum \Jo"rum\, n. [Perh. corrupted fr. jorden an earthen pot.]
A large drinking vessel; also, its contents. [Colloq. Eng.]
--Forby.
Joseph \Jo"seph\, n.
An outer garment worn in the 18th century; esp., a woman's
riding habit, buttoned down the front. --Fairholt.
Joseph's flower \Jo"seph's flow"er\ (Bot.)
A composite herb ({Tragopogon pratensis}), of the same genus
as the salsify.
Joso \Jo"so\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small gudgeon.
Joss \Joss\, n. [Chinese, corrupt. fr. Pg. deos God, L. deus.]
A Chinese household divinity; a Chinese idol. ``Critic in
jars and josses.'' --Colman (1761).
{Joss house}, a Chinese temple or house for the Chinese mode
of worship.
{Joss stick}, a reed covered with a paste made of the dust of
odoriferous woods, or a cylinder made wholly of the paste;
-- burned by the Chinese before an idol.
Jossa \Jos"sa\, interj.
A command to a horse, probably meaning ``stand still.''
[Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jostle \Jos"tle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jostled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jostling}.] [A dim. of joust, just, v. See {Joust}, and cf.
{Justle}.] [Written also {justle}.]
To run against and shake; to push out of the way; to elbow;
to hustle; to disturb by crowding; to crowd against.
``Bullies jostled him.'' --Macaulay.
Systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral,
which are perpetually jostling each other. --I. Taylor.
Jostle \Jos"tle\, v. i.
To push; to crowd; to hustle.
None jostle with him for the wall. --Lamb.
Jostle \Jos"tle\, n.
A conflict by collisions; a crowding or bumping together;
interference.
The jostle of South African nationalities and
civilization. --The Nation.
Jostlement \Jos"tle*ment\, n.
Crowding; hustling.
Jot \Jot\, n. [L. iota, Gr. ? the name of the letter (E. i, Heb.
y?d), the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet. Cf. {Iota}.]
An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest particle. Cf. {Bit},
n.
Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall
in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
--Matt. v. 18.
Neither will they bate One jot of ceremony. --Shak.
Jot \Jot\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jotted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jotting}.]
To set down; to make a brief note of; -- usually followed by
down.
Jotter \Jot"ter\, n.
1. One who jots down memoranda.
2. A memorandum book.
Jougs \Jougs\, n. [F. joug a yoke, L. jugum. See {Yoke}.]
An iron collar fastened to a wall or post, formerly used in
Scotland as a kind of pillory. [Written also {juggs}.] See
{Juke}. --Sir W. Scott.
Jouissance \Jou"is*sance\, n. [F., fr. jouir to enjoy, fr. L.
gaudere to rejoice.]
Jollity; merriment. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Jouk \Jouk\, v. i.
See {Juke}.
Joul \Joul\, v. t.
See {Jowl}.
Joule \Joule\ (j[=oo]l), n. [From the distinguished English
physicist, James P. Joule.] (Physics.)
A unit of work which is equal to 10^{7} units of work in the
C. G. S. system of units (ergs), and is practically
equivalent to the energy expended in one second by an
electric current of one ampere in a resistance of one ohm.
One joule is approximately equal to 0.738 foot pounds.
{Joule's equivalent}. See under {Equivalent}, n.
Jounce \Jounce\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Jounced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Jouncing}.] [Cf. {Jaunce}.]
To jolt; to shake, especially by rough riding or by driving
over obstructions.
Jounce \Jounce\, n.
A jolt; a shake; a hard trot.
Journal \Jour"nal\, a. [F., fr. L. diurnalis diurnal, fr.
diurnus belonging to the day, fr. dies day. See {Diurnal}.]
Daily; diurnal. [Obs.]
Whiles from their journal labors they did rest.
--Spenser.
Journal \Jour"nal\, n. [F. journal. See {Journal}, a.]
1. A diary; an account of daily transactions and events.
Specifically:
(a) (Bookkeeping) A book of accounts, in which is entered
a condensed and grouped statement of the daily
transactions.
(b) (Naut.) A daily register of the ship's course and
distance, the winds, weather, incidents of the voyage,
etc.
(c) (Legislature) The record of daily proceedings, kept by
the clerk.
(d) A newspaper published daily; by extension, a weekly
newspaper or any periodical publication, giving an
account of passing events, the proceedings and memoirs
of societies, etc.; a periodical; a magazine.
2. That which has occurred in a day; a day's work or travel;
a day's journey. [Obs. & R.] --B. Jonson.
3. (Mach.) That portion of a rotating piece, as a shaft,
axle, spindle, etc., which turns in a bearing or box. See
Illust. of {Axle box}.
{Journal box}, or {Journal bearing} (Mach.) the carrier of a
journal; the box in which the journal of a shaft, axle, or
pin turns.
Journalism \Jour"nal*ism\, n. [Cf. F. journalisme.]
1. The keeping of a journal or diary. [Obs.]
2. The periodical collection and publication of current news;
the business of managing, editing, or writing for,
journals or newspapers; as, political journalism.
Journalism is now truly an estate of the realm.
--Ed. Rev.
Journalist \Jour"nal*ist\, n. [Cf. F. journaliste.]
1. One who keeps a journal or diary. [Obs.] --Mickle.
2. The conductor of a public journal, or one whose business
it to write for a public journal; an editorial or other
professional writer for a periodical. --Addison.
Journalistic \Jour"nal*is"tic\, a.
Pertaining to journals or to journalists; contained in, or
characteristic of, the public journals; as journalistic
literature or enterprise.
Journalize \Jour"nal*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Journalized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Journalizing}.]
To enter or record in a journal or diary. --Johnson.
Journalize \Jour"nal*ize\, v. i.
to conduct or contribute to a public journal; to follow the
profession of a journalist.
Journey \Jour"ney\, n.; pl. {Journeys}. [OE. jornee, journee,
prop., a day's journey, OF. jorn['e]e, jurn['e]e, a day, a
day's work of journey, F. journ['e]e, fr. OF. jorn, jurn, jor
a day, F. jour, fr. L. diurnus. See {Journal}.]
1. The travel or work of a day. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
We have yet large day, for scarce the sun Hath
finished half his journey. --Milton.
2. Travel or passage from one place to another; hence,
figuratively, a passage through life.
The good man . . . is gone a long journey. --Prov.
vii. 19.
We must all have the same journey's end. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Syn: Tour; excursion; trip; expedition; pilgrimage.
Usage: {Journey}, {Tour}, {Excursion}, {Pilgrimage}. The word
journey suggests the idea of a somewhat prolonged
traveling for a specific object, leading a person to
pass directly from one point to another. In a tour, we
take a roundabout course from place to place, more
commonly for pleasure, though sometimes on business.
An excursion is usually a brief tour or trip for
pleasure, health, etc. In a pilgrimage we travel to a
place hallowed by our religions affections, or by some
train of sacred or tender associations. A journey on
important business; the tour of Europe; an excursion
to the lakes; a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
Journey \Jour"ney\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Journeyed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Journeying}.]
To travel from place to place; to go from home to a distance.
Abram journeyed, going on still toward the south.
--Gen. xii. 9.
Journey \Jour"ney\, v. t.
To traverse; to travel over or through. [R.] ``I journeyed
many a land.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Journey-bated \Jour"ney-bat`ed\, a.
Worn out with journeying. [Obs.] --Shak.
Journeyer \Jour"ney*er\, n.
One who journeys.
Journeyman \Jour"ney*man\, n.; pl. {Journeymen}.
Formerly, a man hired to work by the day; now, commonly, one
who has mastered a handicraft or trade; -- distinguished from
apprentice and from master workman.
I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made
men, and not made them well. --Shak.
Journeywork \Jour"ney*work`\, n.
Originally, work done by the day; work done by a journeyman
at his trade.
Joust \Joust\, v. i. [OE. justen, jousten, OF. jouster, jouster,
joster, F. jouter, fr. L. juxta near to, nigh, from the root
of jungere to join. See {Join}, and cf. {Jostle}.]
To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the
lists; to tilt. [Written also {just}.]
For the whole army to joust and tourney. --Holland.
Joust \Joust\, n. [OE. juste, jouste, OF. juste, jouste, joste,
F. joute. See {Joust}, v. i.]
A tilting match; a mock combat on horseback between two
knights in the lists or inclosed field. [Written also
{just}.]
Gorgeous knights at joust and tournament. --Milton.
Jouster \Joust"er\, n.
One who jousts or tilts.
Jove \Jove\, n. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen.
for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See {Tuesday}, and cf.
{Jupiter}.]
1. The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter.
2. (Astron.) The planet Jupiter. [R.] --Pope.
3. (Alchemy) The metal tin.
{Bird of Jove}, the eagle.
Jovial \Jo"vi*al\, a. [F., fr. L. Jovialis pertaining to Jove.
The planet Jupiter was thought to make those born under it
joyful or jovial. See {Jove}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the god, or the planet, Jupiter.
[Obs.]
Our jovial star reigned at his birth. --Shak.
The fixed stars astrologically differenced by the
planets, and esteemed Martial or Jovial according to
the colors whereby they answer these planets. --Sir
T. Browne.
2. Sunny; serene. [Obs.] ``The heavens always joviall.''
--Spenser.
3. Gay; merry; joyous; jolly; mirth-inspiring; hilarious;
characterized by mirth or jollity; as, a jovial youth; a
jovial company; a jovial poem.
Be bright and jovial among your guests. --Shak.
His odes are some of them panegyrical, others moral;
the rest are jovial or bacchanalian. --Dryden.
Note: This word is a relic of the belief in planetary
influence. Other examples are saturnine, mercurial,
martial, lunatic, etc.
Syn: Merry; joyous; gay; festive; mirthful; gleeful; jolly;
hilarious.
Jovialist \Jo"vi*al*ist\, n.
One who lives a jovial life. --Bp. Hall.
Joviality \Jo`vi*al"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. jovialit['e].]
The quality or state of being jovial. --Sir T. Herbert.
Jovially \Jo"vi*al*ly\, adv.
In a jovial manner; merrily; gayly. --B. Jonson.
Jovialness \Jo"vi*al*ness\, n.
Noisy mirth; joviality. --Hewyt.
Jovialty \Jo"vi*al*ty\, n.
Joviality. [R.] --Barrow.
Jovian \Jo"vi*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Jove, or Jupiter (either the deity or the
planet).
Jovicentric \Jo`vi*cen"tric\, a. [See {Jove}, and {Center}.]
(Astron.)
Revolving around the planet Jupiter; appearing as viewed from
Jupiter. [R.] --J. R. Hind.
Jovinianist \Jo*vin"ian*ist\, n. (Script. Hist.)
An adherent to the doctrines of Jovinian, a monk of the
fourth century, who denied the virginity of Mary, and opposed
the asceticism of his time.
Jowl \Jowl\, n. [For older chole, chaul, AS. ceaft jaw. Cf.
{Chaps}.]
The cheek; the jaw. [Written also {jole}, {choule}, {chowle},
and {geoule}.]
{Cheek by jowl}, with the cheeks close together; side by
side; in close proximity. ``I will go with three cheek by
jole.'' --Shak. `` Sits cheek by jowl.'' --Dryden.
Jowl \Jowl\, v. t.
To throw, dash, or knock. [Obs.]
How the knave jowls it to the ground. --Shak.
Jowler \Jowl"er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A dog with large jowls, as the beagle.
Jowter \Jow"ter\, n.
A mounted peddler of fish; -- called also {jouster}. [Obs.]
--Carew.
Joy \Joy\, n. [OE. joye, OF. joye, joie, goie, F. joie, L.
gaudia, pl. of gaudium joy, fr. gaudere to rejoice, to be
glad; cf. Gr. ? to rejoice, ? proud. Cf. {Gaud}, {Jewel}.]
1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or
expectation of good; pleasurable feelings or emotions
caused by success, good fortune, and the like, or by a
rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire;
gladness; exhilaration of spirits; delight.
Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy.
--Dryden.
Glides the smooth current of domestic joy.
--Johnson.
Who, for the joy that was set before him, endured
the cross, despising the shame. --Heb. xii. 2.
Tears of true joy for his return. --Shak.
Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration
of the present or assured approaching possession of
a good. --Locke.
2. That which causes joy or happiness.
For ye are our glory and joy. --1 Thess. ii.
20.
A thing of beauty is a joy forever. --Keats.
3. The sign or exhibition of joy; gayety; mirth; merriment;
festivity.
Such joy made Una, when her knight she found.
--Spenser.
The roofs with joy resound. --Dryden.
Note: Joy is used in composition, esp. with participles, to
from many self-explaining compounds; as, joy-hells,
joy-ringing, joy-inspiring, joy-resounding, etc.
Syn: Gladness; pleasure; delight; happiness; exultation;
transport; felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gayety;
mirth; merriment; festivity; hilarity.
Joy \Joy\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Joyed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Joying}.] [OF. joir, F. jouir. See {Joy}, n.]
To rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to exult.
I will joy in the God of my salvation. --Hab. iii.
18.
In whose sight all things joy. --Milton.
Joy \Joy\, v. t.
1. To give joy to; to congratulate. [Obs.] ``Joy us of our
conquest.'' --Dryden.
To joy the friend, or grapple with the foe. --Prior.
2. To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate. [Obs.]
Neither pleasure's art can joy my spirits. --Shak.
3. To enjoy. [Obs.] See {Enjoy}.
Who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss.
--Milton.
Joyace \Joy"ace\, n. [OF. joiance.]
Enjoyment; gayety; festivity; joyfulness. --Spenser.
Some days of joyance are decreed to all. --Byron.
From what hid fountains doth thy joyance flow?
--Trench.
Joyancy \Joy"an*cy\, n.
Joyance. [R.] --Carlyle.
Joyful \Joy"ful\, a.
Full of joy; having or causing joy; very glad; as, a joyful
heart. ``Joyful tidings.'' --Shak.
My soul shall be joyful in my God. --Is. lxi. 10.
Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life. --Pope.
-- {Joy"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Joy"ful*ness}, n.
Joyless \Joy"less\, a.
Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable. --
{Joy"less*ly}, adv. -- {Joy"less*ness}, n.
With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat. --Dryden.
Youth and health and war are joyless to him. --Addison.
[He] pining for the lass, Is joyless of the grove, and
spurns the growing grass. --Dryden.
Joyous \Joy"ous\, a. [OE. joyous, joious, joios, F. joyeux.See
{Joy}.]
Glad; gay; merry; joyful; also, affording or inspiring joy;
with of before the word or words expressing the cause of joy.
Is this your joyous city? --Is. xxiii.
7.
They all as glad as birds of joyous prime. --Spenser.
And joyous of our conquest early won. --Dryden.
Syn: Merry; lively; blithe; gleeful; gay; glad; mirthful;
sportive; festive; joyful; happy; blissful; charming;
delightful. -- {Joy"ous*ly}, adv. -- {Joy"ous*ness}, n.
Joysome \Joy"some\, a.
Causing joyfulness. [R.]
This all joysome grove. --T. Browne.
Jub \Jub\, n. [Perh. corrupted fr. jug.]
A vessel for holding ale or wine; a jug. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Juba \Ju"ba\, n.; pl. {Jub[ae]} (-b[=e]). [L., a mane.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The mane of an animal.
2. (Bot.) A loose panicle, the axis of which falls to pieces,
as in certain grasses.
Jubate \Ju"bate\, a. [L. jubatus having a mane.] (Zo["o]l.)
Fringed with long, pendent hair.
Jub'e \Ju`b['e]"\, n. [F.] (Arch.) (a)
chancel screen or rood screen.
(b) gallery above such a screen, from which certain parts of
the service were formerly read. See {Rood loft}, under
{Rood}.
Jubilant \Ju"bi*lant\, a. [L. jubilans, -antis, p. pr. of
jubilare to shout for joy: cf. F. jubila?. See {Jubilate}.]
Uttering songs of triumph; shouting with joy; triumphant;
exulting. ``The jubilant age.'' --Coleridge.
While the bright pomp ascended jubilant. --Milton.
Jubilantly \Ju"bi*lant*ly\, adv.
In a jubilant manner.
Jubilar \Ju"bi*lar\, a. [Cf. F. jubilaire.]
Pertaining to, or having the character of, a jubilee. [R.]
--Bp. Hall.
Jubilate \Ju`bi*la"te\, n. [L., imperat. of jubilare to shout
for joy.]
1. The third Sunday after Easter; -- so called because the
introit is the 66th Psalm, which, in the Latin version,
begins with the words, ``Jubilate Deo.''
2. A name of the 100th Psalm; -- so called from its opening
word in the Latin version.
Jubilate \Ju"bi*late\, v. i. [L. jubilatus, p. p. of jubilare.]
To exult; to rejoice. [R.] --De Quincey.
Jubilation \Ju`bi*la"tion\, n. [L. jubilatio: cf. F.
jubilation.]
A triumphant shouting; rejoicing; exultation. ``Jubilations
and hallelujahs.'' --South.
Jubilee \Ju"bi*lee\, n. [F. jubil['e], L. jubilaeus, Gr. ?, fr.
Heb. y?bel the blast of a trumpet, also the grand sabbatical
year, which was announced by sound of trumpet.]
1. (Jewish Hist.) Every fiftieth year, being the year
following the completion of each seventh sabbath of years,
at which time all the slaves of Hebrew blood were
liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during
the whole period reverted to their former owners. [In this
sense spelled also, in some English Bibles, {jubile}.]
--Lev. xxv. 8-17.
2. The joyful commemoration held on the fiftieth anniversary
of any event; as, the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign;
the jubilee of the American Board of Missions.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at
Rome, at stated intervals, originally of one hundred
years, but latterly of twenty-five; a plenary and
extraordinary indulgence grated by the sovereign pontiff
to the universal church. One invariable condition of
granting this indulgence is the confession of sins and
receiving of the eucharist.
4. A season of general joy.
The town was all a jubilee of feasts. --Dryden.
5. A state of joy or exultation. [R.] ``In the jubilee of his
spirits.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Jucundity \Ju*cun"di*ty\, n. [L. jucunditas, from jucundus.]
Pleasantness; agreeableness. See {Jocundity}. [R.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Judahite \Ju"dah*ite\, n.
One of the tribe of Judah; a member of the kingdom of Judah;
a Jew. --Kitto.
Judaic \Ju*da"ic\, Judaical \Ju*da"ic*al\, a. [L. Juda["i]cus,
fr. Judaea, the country Judea: cf. F. Juda["i]que. See
{Jew}.]
Of or pertaining to the Jews. ``The natural or Judaical
[religion].'' --South.
Judaically \Ju*da"ic*al*ly\, adv.
After the Jewish manner. --Milton.
Judaism \Ju"da*ism\, n. [L. Juda["i]smus: cf. F. juda["i]sme.]
1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews as enjoined
in the laws of Moses. --J. S. Mill.
2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.
Judaist \Ju"da*ist\, n.
One who believes and practices Judaism.
Judaistic \Ju`da*is"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to Judaism.
Judaization \Ju`da*i*za"tion\, n.
The act of Judaizing; a conforming to the Jewish religion or
ritual. [R.]
Judaize \Ju"da*ize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Judaized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Judaizing}.] [Cf. F. juda["i]ser.]
To conform to the doctrines, observances, or methods of the
Jews; to inculcate or impose Judaism.
They . . . prevailed on the Galatians to Judaize so far
as to observe the rites of Moses in various instances.
They were Judaizing doctors, who taught the observation
of the Mosaic law. --Bp. Bull.
Judaize \Ju"da*ize\, v. t.
To impose Jewish observances or rites upon; to convert to
Judaism.
The heretical Theodotion, the Judaized Symmachus.
--Milton.
Judaizer \Ju"da*i`zer\, n.
One who conforms to or inculcates Judaism; specifically, pl.
(Ch. Hist.), those Jews who accepted Christianity but still
adhered to the law of Moses and worshiped in the temple at
Jerusalem.
Judas \Ju"das\, n.
The disciple who betrayed Christ. Hence: A treacherous
person; one who betrays under the semblance of friendship. --
a. Treacherous; betraying.
{Judas hole}, a peephole or secret opening for spying.
{Judas kiss}, a deceitful and treacherous kiss.
{Judas tree} (Bot.), a leguminous tree of the genus {Cercis},
with pretty, rose-colored flowers in clusters along the
branches. Judas is said to have hanged himself on a tree
of this genus ({C. Siliquastrum}). {C. Canadensis} and {C.
occidentalis} are the American species, and are called
also {redbud}.
Judas-colored \Ju"das-col`ored\, a.
Red; -- from a tradition that Judas Iscariot had red hair and
beard.
There's treachery in that Judas-colored beard.
--Dryden.
Juddock \Jud"dock\, n. [For judcock; jud (equiv. to Prov. E. gid
a jacksnipe, W. giach snipe) + cock.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Jacksnipe}.
Judean \Ju*de"an\, a. [L. Judaeus. See {Jew}.]
Of or pertaining to Judea. -- n. A native of Judea; a Jew.
Judge \Judge\, n. [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F.
juger, to judge. See {Judge}, v. i.]
1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to
hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer
justice between parties in courts held for that purpose.
The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct
the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or
impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and
collate the material points of that which hath been
said; and to give the rule or sentence. --Bacon.
2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to
decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or
value of anything; one who discerns properties or
relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an
expert; a critic.
A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of
poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a
painting. --Dryden.
3. A person appointed to decide in a?trial of skill, speed,
etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; as, a judge
in a horse race.
4. (Jewish Hist.) One of supreme magistrates, with both civil
and military powers, who governed Israel for more than
four hundred years.
5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament;
the Book of Judges.
{Judge Advocate} (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as
prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the
representative of the government, as the responsible
adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as
counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel.
{Judge-Advocate General}, in the United States, the title of
two officers, one attached to the War Department and
having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached
to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of
marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the
Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs
a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation
of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of
the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the
proceedings of courts-martial.
Syn: {Judge}, {Umpire}, {Arbitrator}, {Referee}.
Usage: A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed
to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person
selected to decide between two or more who contend for
a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two
contestants their portion of a claim, usually on
grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one
to whom a case is referred for final adjustment.
Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary,
sometimes appointed by a court.
Judge \Judge\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Judged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Judging}.] [OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare,
fr. judex judge; jus law or right + dicare to proclaim,
pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See {Just}, a., and
{Diction}, and cf. {Judicial}.]
1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as
a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence.
The Lord judge between thee and me. --Gen. xvi. 5.
Father, who art judge Of all things made, and
judgest only right! --Milton.
2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in
judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse
judgment upon others. See {Judge}, v. t., 3.
Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. --Shak.
3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations
and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood;
to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an
opinion about.
Judge not according to the appearance. --John vii.
24.
She is wise if I can judge of her. --Shak.
Judge \Judge\, v. t.
1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a
court, or a controversy between two parties. ``Chaos
[shall] judge the strife.'' --Milton.
2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom.
God shall judge the righteous and the wicked.
--Eccl. iii.
7.
To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to
be judged by him. --Shak.
3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment
upon; to be censorious toward.
Judge not, that ye be not judged. --Matt. vii.
1.
4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to
reckon.
If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord.
--Acts xvi.
15.
5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern.
[Obs.]
Make us a king to judge us. --1 Sam. viii.
5.
Judger \Judg"er\, n.
One who judges. --Sir K. Digby.
Judgeship \Judge"ship\, n.
The office of a judge.
Judgment \Judg"ment\, n. [OE. jugement, F. jugement, LL.
judicamentum, fr. L. judicare. See {Judge}, v. i.]
1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving
comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the
values and relations of thins, whether of moral qualities,
intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material
facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment he avoided the
peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited
confidence.
I oughte deme, of skilful jugement, That in the
salte sea my wife is deed. --Chaucer.
2. The power or faculty of performing such operations (see
1); esp., when unqualified, the faculty of judging or
deciding rightly, justly, or wisely; good sense; as, a man
of judgment; a politician without judgment.
He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy
poor with judgment. --Ps. lxxii.
2.
Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes.
Theseus. Rather your eyes must with his judgment
look. --Shak.
3. The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a
decision.
She in my judgment was as fair as you. --Shak.
Who first his judgment asked, and then a place.
--Pope.
4. The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is
conformable to law and justice; also, the determination,
decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge; the
mandate or sentence of God as the judge of all.
In judgments between rich and poor, consider not
what the poor man needs, but what is his own. --Jer.
Taylor.
Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the
judgment. --Shak.
5. (Philos.)
(a) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas
which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the
purpose of ascertaining their agreement or
disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be threefold:
(1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of
concepts giving what is technically called a judgment.
(3) Of two judgments giving an inference. Judgments
have been further classed as analytic, synthetic, and
identical.
(b) That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent
upon comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2.
A judgment is the mental act by which one thing
is affirmed or denied of another. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
The power by which we are enabled to perceive
what is true or false, probable or improbable,
is called by logicians the faculty of judgment.
--Stewart.
6. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense
for wrong committed; a providential punishment.
``Judgments are prepared for scorners.'' --Prov. xix. 29.
``This judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble.''
--Shak.
7. (Theol.) The final award; the last sentence.
Note: Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are
in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement,
acknowledgement, and lodgement.
Note: Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining
combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne.
{Judgment day} (Theol.), the last day, or period when final
judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral
government.
{Judgment debt} (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a
judge's order.
{Judgment hall}, a hall where courts are held.
{Judgment seat}, the seat or bench on which judges sit in
court; hence, a court; a tribunal. ``We shall all stand
before the judgment seat of Christ.'' --Rom. xiv. 10.
{Judgment summons} (Law), a proceeding by a judgment creditor
against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment.
{Arrest of judgment}. (Law) See under {Arrest}, n.
{Judgment of God}, a term formerly applied to extraordinary
trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by
ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work
miracles to vindicate innocence. See under {Ordeal}.
Syn: Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate;
criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity;
intelligence; understanding. See {Taste}.
Judicable \Ju"di*ca*ble\, a. [L. judicabilis. See {Judge}, v.
i.]
Capable of being judged; capable of being tried or decided
upon. --Jer. Taylor.
Judicative \Ju"di*ca*tive\, a.
Having power to judge; judicial; as, the judicative faculty.
--Hammond.
Judicatory \Ju"di*ca*to*ry\, a. [L. judicatorius.]
Pertaining to the administration of justice; dispensing
justice; judicial; as, judicatory tribunals. --T. Wharton.
Power to reject in an authoritative or judicatory way.
--Bp. Hall.
Judicatory \Ju"di*ca*to*ry\ (277), n. [L. judicatorium.]
1. A court of justice; a tribunal. --Milton.
2. Administration of justice.
The supreme court of judicatory. --Clarendon.
Judicature \Ju"di*ca*ture\ (?; 135), n. [F., fr. LL.
judicatura.]
1. The state or profession of those employed in the
administration of justice; also, the dispensing or
administration of justice.
The honor of the judges in their judicature is the
king's honor. --Bacon.
2. A court of justice; a judicatory. --South.
3. The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent
jurisdiction of a judge or court.
Our Savior disputes not here the judicature, for
that was not his office, but the morality, of
divorce. --Milton.
Judicial \Ju*di"cial\, a. [L. judicialis, fr. judicium judgment,
fr. judex judge: cf. OF. judicial. See {Judge}.]
1. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a
judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of
justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial
power; judicial proceedings; a judicial sale. ``Judicial
massacres.'' --Macaulay.
Not a moral but a judicial law, and so was
abrogated. --Milton.
2. Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial
mind.
3. Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from
legislative, administrative, or executive. See
{Executive}.
4. Judicious. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Judicially \Ju*di"cial*ly\, adv.
In a judicial capacity or judicial manner. ``The Lords . . .
sitting judicially.'' --Macaulay.
Judiciary \Ju*di"cia*ry\ (?; 277), a. [L. judiciarius, fr.
judicium judgment: cf. F. judiciare. See {Judicial}.]
Of or pertaining to courts of judicature, or legal tribunals;
judicial; as, a judiciary proceeding. --Bp. Burnet.
Judiciary \Ju*di"cia*ry\, n. [Cf. LL. judiciaria, F.
judiciaire.]
That branch of government in which judicial power is vested;
the system of courts of justice in a country; the judges,
taken collectively; as, an independent judiciary; the senate
committee on the judiciary.
Judicious \Ju*di"cious\, a. [F. judicieux, fr. L. judicium
judgment. See {Judicial}.]
Of or relating to a court; judicial. [Obs.]
His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing.
--Shak.
2. Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound
judgment; wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet.
He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows The
fits o' the season. --Shak.
Syn: Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning;
sagacious; well-advised.
Judiciously \Ju*di"cious*ly\, adv.
In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.
Judiciousness \Ju*di"cious*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; sound
judgment.
Jug \Jug\, n. [Prob. fr. Jug, a corruption of, or nickname for,
Joanna; cf. 2d Jack, and Jill. See {Johannes}.]
1. A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling
belly and narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.
2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.]
3. A prison; a jail; a lockup. [Slang] --Gay.
Jug \Jug\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jugged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jugging}.]
1. To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling
water; as, to jug a hare.
2. To commit to jail; to imprison. [Slang]
Jug \Jug\, v. i. (Zo["o]l.)
1. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds
do, especially the nightingale.
2. To nestle or collect together in a covey; -- said of
quails and partridges.
Jugal \Ju"gal\, a. [L. jugalis, fr. jugum yoke.]
1. Relating to a yoke, or to marriage. [Obs.]
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or
cheek bone.
Jugata \Ju*ga"ta\, n. pl. [Neut. pl. of L. jugatus, p. p. of
jugare to join.] (Numis.)
The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either side by
side or joined.
Jugated \Ju"ga*ted\, a. (Bot.)
Coupled together.
Juge \Juge\, n.
A judge. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jugement \Jug"e*ment\, n.
Judgment. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Juger \Ju"ger\, n. [L. jugerum.]
A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240
feet in length by 120 in breadth.
Jugger \Jug"ger\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An East Indian falcon. See {Lugger}.
Juggernaut \Jug"ger*naut`\, n. [Skr. jagann[=a]tha lord of the
world.]
One of the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation as
Krishna, is worshiped by the Hindoos. [Written also
{Juggernnath}, {Jaganath}, {Jaganatha}, etc.]
Note: The principal seat of the worship of Juggernaut is at
P[^u]ri in Orissa. At certain times the idol is drawn
from the temple by the multitude, on a high car with
sixteen wheels. Formerly, fanatics sometimes threw
themselves under the wheels to be crushed as a
sacrifice to the god.
Juggle \Jug"gle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Juggled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Juggling}.] [OE. juglen; cf. OF. jogler, jugler, F. jongler.
See {Juggler}.]
1. To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and
sport by tricks of skill; to conjure.
2. To practice artifice or imposture.
Be these juggling fiends no more believed. --Shak.
Juggle \Jug"gle\, v. t.
To deceive by trick or artifice.
Is't possible the spells of France should juggle Men
into such strange mysteries? --Shak.
Juggle \Jug"gle\, n.
1. A trick by sleight of hand.
2. An imposture; a deception. --Tennyson.
A juggle of state to cozen the people. --Tillotson.
3. A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or
split. --Knight.
Juggler \Jug"gler\, n. [OE. jogelour, juglur, OF. jogleor,
jugleor, jongleor, F. jongleur, fr. L. joculator a jester,
joker, fr. joculus a little jest or joke, dim. of jocus jest,
joke. See {Joke}, and cf. {Jongleur}, {Joculator}.]
1. One who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand;
one skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer.
As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye. --Shak.
Jugglers and impostors do daily delude them. --Sir
T. Browne.
2. A deceiver; a cheat. --Shak.
Juggleress \Jug"gler*ess\, n.
1. A female juggler. --T. Warton.
Jugglery \Jug"gler*y\, n. [OE. & OF. joglerie, F. jonglerie.]
1. The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.
2. Trickery; imposture; as, political jugglery.
Juggling \Jug"gling\, a.
Cheating; tricky. -- {Jug"gling*ly}, adv.
Juggling \Jug"gling\, n.
Jugglery; underhand practice.
Juggs \Juggs\, n. pl.
See {Jougs}. [Scot.]
Juglandin \Jug"lan*din\, n. [L. juglans, -andis, a walnut: cf.
F. juglandine.] (Chem.)
An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green
shucks of the walnut ({Juglans regia}). It is used
medicinally as an alterative, and also as a black hair dye.
Juglandine \Jug"lan*dine\, n.
An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut ({Juglans
regia}).
Juglans \Jug"lans\, n. [L., walnut.] (Bot.)
A genus of valuable trees, including the true walnut of
Europe, and the America black walnut, and butternut.
Juglone \Ju"glone\, n. [L. juglans the walnut + -one.] (Chem.)
A yellow crystalline substance resembling quinone, extracted
from green shucks of the walnut ({Juglans regia}); -- called
also {nucin}.
Jugular \Ju"gu*lar\, a. [L. jugulum the collar bone, which joins
together the shoulders and the breast, the throat, akin to
jungere to yoke, to join: cf. F. jugulaire. See {Join}.]
1. (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; as, the
jugular vein.
(b) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; as, the jugular
foramen.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; --
said of certain fishes.
Jugular \Ju"gu*lar\, n. [Cf. F. jugulaire. See {Jugular}, a.]
1. (Anat.) One of the large veins which return the blood from
the head to the heart through two chief trunks, an
external and an internal, on each side of the neck; --
called also the {jugular vein}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any fish which has the ventral fins situated
forward of the pectoral fins, or beneath the throat; one
of a division of fishes ({Jugulares}).
Jugulate \Ju"gu*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jugulated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Jugulating}.] [L. jugulatus, p. p. of jugulare, fr.
jugulatum. See {Jugular}.]
To cut the throat of. [R.] --Jacob Bigelow.
Jugulum \Ju"gu*lum\, n.; pl. {Jugula}. [L.] (Zo["o]l.)
The lower throat, or that part of the neck just above the
breast.
Jugum \Ju"gum\, n.; pl. L. {Juga}, E. {Jugums}. [L., a yoke,
ridge.] (Bot.)
(a) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of
umbelliferous plants.
(b) A pair of the opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.
Juice \Juice\ (j[=u]s), n. [OE. juse, F. jus broth, gravy,
juice, L. jus; akin to Skr. y[=u]sha.]
The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal
substance; the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit,
etc.; the fluid part which separates from meat in cooking.
An animal whose juices are unsound. -- Arbuthnot.
The juice of July flowers. -- B. Jonson.
The juice of Egypt's grape. -- Shak.
Letters which Edward Digby wrote in lemon juice. --
Macaulay.
Cold water draws the juice of meat. -- Mrs.
Whitney.
Juice \Juice\ (j[=u]s), v. t.
To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Juiceless \Juice"less\, a.
Lacking juice; dry. --Dr. H. More.
Juiciness \Jui"ci*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being juicy; succulence plants.
Juicy \Jui"cy\, a. [Compar. {Juicier}; superl. {Juiciest}.]
A bounding with juice; succulent. --Bacon.
Juise \Ju*ise"\, n. [OF. juise. L. judicium. See {Judicial}.]
Judgment; justice; sentence. [Obs.]
Up [on] pain of hanging and high juise. --Chaucer.
Jujube \Ju"jube\ (j[=u]"j[-u]b), n. [F., fr. L. zizyphum, Gr.
zi`zyfon, Per. z[=i]zf[=u]n, zizaf[=u]n, zayzaf[=u]n.]
The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean
and African species of small trees, of the genus {Zizyphus},
especially the {Z. jujuba}, {Z. vulgaris}, {Z. mucronata},
and {Z. Lotus}. The last named is thought to have furnished
the lotus of the ancient Libyan Lotophagi, or lotus eaters.
{Jujube paste}, the dried or inspissated jelly of the jujube;
also, a confection made of gum arabic sweetened.
Juke \Juke\, v. i. [from Scottish jouk to bow.]
To bend the neck; to bow or duck the head. [Written also
{jook} and {jouk}.]
The money merchant was so proud of his trust that he
went juking and tossing of his head. -- L'
Estrange.
Juke \Juke\, n.
The neck of a bird. [Prov. Eng.]
Juke \Juke\, v. i. [F. juc a roost, perch, jucher to roost, to
perch.]
To perch on anything, as birds do. [Obs.]
Julaceous \Ju*la"ceous\, a. [See {Julus}.] (Bot.)
Like an ament, or bearing aments; amentaceous.
Julep \Ju"lep\, n. [F., fr. Sp. julepe, fr. Ar. & Per. jul[=a]b,
jull[=a]b, fr. Per. gul[=a]b rose water and julep; gul rose +
[=a]b water.]
1. A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs; esp.
(Med.), a sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous
mixture, used as a vehicle. --Milton.
Honey in woods, juleps in brooks. -- H. Vaughan.
2. A beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other
spirituous liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of
mint; -- called also {mint julep}. [U.S.]
Julian \Jul"ian\ (?; 277) a. [L. Julianus, fr. Julius. Cf.
{July}, {Gillian}.]
Relating to, or derived from, Julius C[ae]sar.
{Julian calendar}, the calendar as adjusted by Julius
C[ae]sar, in which the year was made to consist of 365
days, each fourth year having 366 days.
{Julian epoch}, the epoch of the commencement of the Julian
calendar, or 46 b. c.
{Julian period}, a chronological period of 7,980 years,
combining the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 x 19
x 15 = 7,980), being reckoned from the year 4713 B. C.,
when the first years of these several cycles would
coincide, so that if any year of the period be divided by
28, 19, or 15, the remainder will be the year of the
corresponding cycle. The Julian period was proposed by
Scaliger, to remove or avoid ambiguities in chronological
dates, and was so named because composed of Julian years.
{Julian year}, the year of 365 days, 6 hours, adopted in the
Julian calendar, and in use until superseded by the
Gregorian year, as established in the reformed or
Gregorian calendar.
Julienne \Ju`li*enne"\, n. [F.]
A kind of soup containing thin slices or shreds of carrots,
onions, etc.
Juliform \Ju"li*form\, a. [Julus + -form.] (Bot.)
Having the shape or appearance of a julus or catkin.
Julus \Ju"lus\, n.; pl.{Juli}. [Of the same origin as iulus.]
(Bot.)
A catkin or ament. See {Ament}.
July \Ju*ly"\, n.; pl. {Julies}. [L. Julius; -- named from Caius
Julius C[ae]sar, who was born in this month: cf. F. Juillet.]
The seventh month of the year, containing thirty-one days.
Note: This month was called Quintilis, or the fifth month,
according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was
the first month of the year.
July-flower \Ju*ly"-flow`er\, n.
See {Gillyflower}.
Jumart \Ju"mart\, n. [F.]
The fabled offspring of a bull and a mare. --Locke.
Jumble \Jum"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Jumbled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jumbling}.] [Prob. fr. jump, i. e., to make to jump, or
shake.]
To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without
order; -- often followed by together or up.
Why dost thou blend and jumble such inconsistencies
together? -- Burton.
Every clime and age Jumbled together. -- Tennyson.
Jumble \Jum"ble\, v. i.
To meet or unite in a confused way; to mix confusedly.
--Swift.
Jumble \Jum"ble\, n.
1. A confused mixture; a mass or collection without order;
as, a jumble of words.
2. A small, thin, sugared cake, usually ring-shaped.
Jumblement \Jum"ble*ment\, n.
Confused mixture. [Low]
Jumbler \Jum"bler\, n.
One who confuses things.
Jumblingly \Jum"bling*ly\, adv.
In a confused manner.
Jument \Ju"ment\, n. [L. jumentum a beast of burden: cf. F.
jument a mare, OF., a beast of burden.]
A beast; especially, a beast of burden. [Obs.]
Fitter for juments than men to feed on. -- Burton.
Jump \Jump\, n. [Cf. F. jupe a long petticoat, a skirt. Cf.
{Juppon}.]
(a) A kind of loose jacket for men.
(b) pl. A bodice worn instead of stays by women in the 18th
century.
Jump \Jump\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jumped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Jumping}.] [Akin to OD. gumpen, dial. G. gumpen, jumpen.]
1. To spring free from the ground by the muscular action of
the feet and legs; to project one's self through the air;
to spring; to bound; to leap.
Not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and
a half by the square. -- Shak.
2. To move as if by jumping; to bounce; to jolt. ``The
jumping chariots.'' --Nahum iii. 2.
A flock of geese jump down together. -- Dryden.
3. To coincide; to agree; to accord; to tally; -- followed by
with. ``It jumps with my humor.'' --Shak.
{To jump at}, to spring to; hence, fig., to accept suddenly
or eagerly; as, a fish jumps at a bait; to jump at a
chance.
Jump \Jump\, v. t.
1. To pass by a spring or leap; to overleap; as, to jump a
stream.
2. To cause to jump; as, he jumped his horse across the
ditch.
3. To expose to danger; to risk; to hazard. [Obs.]
To jump a body with a dangerous physic. -- Shak.
4. (Smithwork)
(a) To join by a butt weld.
(b) To thicken or enlarge by endwise blows; to upset.
5. (Quarrying) To bore with a jumper.
{To jump a claim}, to enter upon and take possession of land
to which another has acquired a claim by prior entry and
occupation. [Western U. S. & Australia] See {Claim}, n.,
3.
{To jump one's bail}, to abscond while at liberty under bail
bonds. [Slang, U. S.]
Jump \Jump\, n.
1. The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound. ``To
advance by jumps.'' --Locke.
2. An effort; an attempt; a venture. [Obs.]
Our fortune lies Upon thisjump. -- Shak.
3. The space traversed by a leap.
4. (Mining) A dislocation in a stratum; a fault.
5. (Arch.) An abrupt interruption of level in a piece of
brickwork or masonry.
{From the jump}, from the start or beginning. [Colloq.]
{Jump joint}.
(a) A butt joint.
(b) A flush joint, as of plank in carvel-built vessels.
{Jump seat}.
(a) A movable carriage seat.
(b) A carriage constructed with a seat which may be
shifted so as to make room for second or extra seat.
Also used adjectively; as, a jump-seat wagon.
Jump \Jump\, a.
Nice; exact; matched; fitting; precise. [Obs.] ``Jump
names.'' --B. Jonson.
Jump \Jump\, adv.
Exactly; pat.[Obs.] --Shak.
Jumper \Jump"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, jumps.
2. A long drilling tool used by masons and quarrymen.
3. A rude kind of sleigh; -- usually, a simple box on runners
which are in one piece with the poles that form the
thills. [U.S.] --J. F. Cooper.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The larva of the cheese fly. See {Cheese fly},
under {Cheese}.
5. (Eccl.) A name applied in the 18th century to certain
Calvinistic Methodists in Wales whose worship was
characterized by violent convulsions.
6. (Horology) spring to impel the star wheel, also a pawl to
lock fast a wheel, in a repeating timepiece.
{Baby jumper}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Bounty jumper}. See under {Bounty}.
Jumper \Jump"er\, n. [See 1st {Jump}.]
A loose upper garment; as:
(a) A sort of blouse worn by workmen over their ordinary
dress to protect it.
(b) A fur garment worn in Arctic journeys.
Jumping \Jump"ing\, p. a. & vb. n.
of {Jump}, to leap.
{Jumping bean}, a seed of a Mexican {Euphorbia}, containing
the larva of a moth ({Carpocapsa saltitans}). The larva by
its sudden movements causes the seed to roll to roll and
jump about.
{Jumping deer} (Zo["o]l.), a South African rodent ({Pedetes
Caffer}), allied to the jerboa.
{Jumping jack}, a toy figure of a man, jointed and made to
jump or dance by means of strings.
{Jumping louse} (Zo["o]l.), any of the numerous species of
plant lice belonging to the family {Psyllid[ae]}, several
of which are injurious to fruit trees.
{Jumping mouse} (Zo["o]l.), North American mouse ({Zapus
Hudsonius}), having a long tail and large hind legs. It is
noted for its jumping powers. Called also {kangaroo
mouse}.
{Jumping mullet} (Zo["o]l.), gray mullet.
{Jumping shrew} (Zo["o]l.), any African insectivore of the
genus {Macroscelides}. They are allied to the shrews, but
have large hind legs adapted for jumping.
{Jumping spider} (Zo["o]l.), spider of the genus {Salticus}
and other related genera; one of the Saltigrad[ae]; -- so
called because it leaps upon its prey.
Jumpweld \Jump"weld`\, v. t.
See {Buttweld}, v. t.
Juncaceous \Jun*ca"ceous\, a. [See {Juncate}.] (Bot.)
Of. pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants
({Juncace[ae]}), of which the common rush ({Juncus}) is the
type.
Juncate \Jun"cate\, n.
See {Junket}.[Obs.] --Spenser.
Juncite \Jun"cite\, n. [L. juncus a rush.] (Paleon.)
A fossil rush.
Junco \Jun"co\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any bird of the genus {Junco}, which includes several species
of North American finches; -- called also {snowbird}, or
{blue snowbird}.
Juncous \Jun"cous\, a. [L. juncosus, fr. juncus a rush.]
Full of rushes: resembling rushes; juncaceous. [R.]
--Johnson.
Junction \Junc"tion\, n. [L. junctio, fr. jungere, junctum, to
join: cf. F. jonction. See {Join}.]
1. The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union;
combination; coalition; as, the junction of two armies or
detachments; the junction of paths.
2. The place or point of union, meeting, or junction;
specifically, the place where two or more lines of railway
meet or cross.
{Junction plate} (Boilers), a covering or break-join plate
riveted to and uniting the edges of sheets which make a
butt joint.
{Junction rails} (Railroads), the switch, or movable, rails,
connecting one line of track with another.
Juncture \Junc"ture\, n. [L. junctura, fr. jungere to join. See
{Jointure}.]
1. A joining; a union; an alliance. [Obs.] ``Devotional
compliance and juncture of hearts.'' --Eikon Basilike.
2. The line or point at which two bodies are joined; a joint;
an articulation; a seam; as, the junctures of a vessel or
of the bones. --Boyle.
3. A point of time; esp., one made critical or important by a
concurrence of circumstances; hence, a crisis; an
exigency. ``Extraordinary junctures.'' --Addison.
In such a juncture, what can the most plausible and
refined philosophy offer? -- Berkeley.
June \June\, n. [L. Junius: cf. F. Juin. So called either from
Junius, the name of a Roman gens, or from Juno, the goddess.]
The sixth month of the year, containing thirty days.
And what is so rare as a day in June? Then, if ever,
come perfect days. -- Lowell.
{June beetle}, {June bug} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several
species of large brown beetles of the genus {Lachnosterna}
and related genera; -- so called because they begin to
fly, in the northern United States, about the first of
June. The larv[ae] of the June beetles live under ground,
and feed upon the roots of grasses and other plants.
Called also {May bug} or {May beetle}.
{June grass} (Bot.), a New England name for Kentucky blue
grass. See {Blue glass}, and Illustration in Appendix.
Juneating \June"a*ting\, n.
A kind of early apple. [Written also {jenneting}.]
Juneberry \June"ber`ry\, n. (Bot.)
(a) The small applelike berry of American trees of genus
{Amelanchier}; -- also called {service berry}.
(b) The shrub or tree which bears this fruit; -- also called
{shad bush}, and {had tree}.
Jungermannia \Jun`ger*man"ni*a\, n.; pl. {Jungermanni[ae]}. [NL.
Named after Ludwig Jungermann, a German botanist.] (Bot.)
A genus of hepatic mosses, now much circumscribed, but
formerly comprising most plants of the order, which is
sometimes therefore called {Jungermanniace[ae]}.
Jungle \Jun"gle\, n. [Hind. jangal desert, forest, jungle; Skr.
ja?gala desert.]
A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an
almost impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy
vegetation, as in India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil.
The jungles of India are of bamboos, canes, and other
palms, very difficult to penetrate. -- Balfour
(Cyc. of
India).
{Jungle bear} (Zo["o]l.), the aswail or sloth bear.
{Jungle cat} (Zo["o]l.), the chaus.
{Jungle cock} (Zo["o]l.), the male of a jungle fowl.
{Jungle fowl}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any wild species of the genus {Gallus}, of which several
species inhabit India and the adjacent islands; as, the
fork-tailed jungle fowl ({G. varius}) of Java, {G.
Stanleyi} of Ceylon, and {G. Bankiva} of India.
Note: The latter, which resembles the domestic gamecock, is
supposed to be one of the original species from which
the domestic fowl was derived.
(b) An Australian grallatorial bird ({Megapodius tumulus})
which is allied to the brush turkey, and, like the
latter, lays its eggs in mounds of vegetable matter,
where they are hatched by the heat produced by
decomposition.
Jungly \Jun"gly\, a.
Consisting of jungles; abounding with jungles; of the nature
of a jungle.
Junior \Jun"ior\, a. [L. contr. fr. juvenior, compar. of juvenis
young. See {Juvenile}.]
1. Less advanced in age than another; younger.
Note: Junior is applied to distinguish the younger of two
persons bearing the same name in the same family, and
is opposed to {senior or elder}. Commonly applied to a
son who has the same Christian name as his father.
2. Lower in standing or in rank; later in office; as, a
junior partner; junior counsel; junior captain.
3. Composed of juniors, whether younger or a lower standing;
as, the junior class; of or pertaining to juniors or to a
junior class. See {Junior}, n., 2.
4. Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life.
Our first studies and junior endeavors. -- Sir T.
Browne.
Junior \Jun"ior\, n.
1. A younger person.
His junior she, by thirty years. -- Byron.
2. Hence: One of a lower or later standing; specifically, in
American colleges, one in the third year of his course,
one in the fourth or final year being designated a senior;
in some seminaries, one in the first year, in others, one
in the second year, of a three years' course.
Juniority \Jun*ior"i*ty\, n.
The state or quality of being junior.
Juniper \Ju"ni*per\, n. [L. juniperus, prop., youth-producing,
and so called from its evergreen appearance, from the roots
of E. juvenile, and parent. Cf. {Gin} the liquor.] (Bot.)
Any evergreen shrub or tree, of the genus {Juniperus} and
order {Conifer[ae]}.
Note: The common juniper ({J. communis}) is a shrub of a low,
spreading form, having awl-shaped, rigid leaves in
whorls of threes, and bearing small purplish blue
berries (or galbuli), of a warm, pungent taste, used as
diuretic and in flavoring gin. A resin exudes from the
bark, which has erroneously been considered identical
with sandarach, and is used as pounce. The oil of
juniper is acrid, and used for various purposes, as in
medicine, for making varnish, etc. The wood of several
species is of a reddish color, hard and durable, and is
used in cabinetwork under the names of red cedar,
Bermuda cedar, etc.
{Juniper worm} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of a geometrid moth
({Drepanodes varus}). It feeds upon the leaves of the
juniper, and mimics the small twigs both in form and
color, in a remarkable manner.
Juniperin \Ju"ni*per*in\, n. (Chem.)
A yellow amorphous substance extracted from juniper berries.
Juniperite \Ju"ni*per*ite\, n. (Paleon.)
One of the fossil {Conifer[ae]}, evidently allied to the
juniper.
Junk \Junk\, n.
A fragment of any solid substance; a thick piece. See
{Chunk}. [Colloq.] --Lowell.
Junk \Junk\, n. [Pg. junco junk, rush, L. juncus a bulrush, of
which ropes were made in early ages. Cf. {Junket}.]
1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making
gaskets, mats, swabs, etc., and when picked to pieces,
forming oakum for filling the seams of ships.
2. Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc., bought and
sold by junk dealers.
3. (Naut.) Hard salted beef supplied to ships.
{Junk bottle}, a stout bottle made of thick dark-colored
glass.
{Junk dealer}, a dealer in old cordage, old metal, glass,
etc.
{Junk hook} (Whaling), a hook for hauling heavy pieces of
blubber on deck.
{Junk ring}.
(a) A packing of soft material round the piston of a steam
engine.
(b) A metallic ring for retaining a piston packing in
place;
(c) A follower.
{Junk shop}, a shop where old cordage, and ship's tackle, old
iron, old bottles, old paper, etc., are kept for sale.
{Junk vat} (Leather Manuf.), a large vat into which spent tan
liquor or ooze is pumped.
{Junk wad} (Mil.), a wad used in proving cannon; also used in
firing hot shot.
Junk \Junk\, n. [Pg. junco; cf. Jav. & Malay jong, ajong, Chin.
chwan.] (Naut.)
A large vessel, without keel or prominent stem, and with huge
masts in one piece, used by the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese,
Malays, etc., in navigating their waters.
Junker \Jun"ker\, n. [G. Cf. {Yonker}.]
A young German noble or squire; esp., a member of the
aristocratic party in Prussia.
Junkerism \Jun"ker*ism\, n.
The principles of the aristocratic party in Prussia.
Junket \Jun"ket\, n. [Formerly also juncate, fr. It. giuncata
cream cheese, made in a wicker or rush basket, fr. L. juncus
a rush. See 2d {Junk}, and cf. {Juncate}.]
1. A cheese cake; a sweetmeat; any delicate food.
How Faery Mab the junkets eat. -- Milton.
Victuals varied well in taste, And other junkets. --
Chapman.
2. A feast; an entertainment.
A new jaunt or junket every night. -- Thackeray.
Junket \Jun"ket\, v. i.
To feast; to banquet; to make an entertainment; -- sometimes
applied opprobriously to feasting by public officers at the
public cost.
Job's children junketed and feasted together often. --
South.
Junket \Jun"ket\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Junketed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Junketing}.]
To give entertainment to; to feast.
The good woman took my lodgings over my head, and was
in such a hurry to junket her neighbors. -- Walpole.
Junketing \Jun"ket*ing\, n.
A feast or entertainment; a revel.
All those snug junketings and public gormandizings for
which the ancient magistrates were equally famous with
their modern successors. -- W. Irving.
The apostle would have no reveling or junketing upon
the altar. -- South.
Junketries \Jun"ket*ries\, n. pl.
Sweetmeats. [Obs.]
June \Ju"ne\, n.; pl. {Junos}. [L.]
1. (Rom. Myth.) The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of
heaven, and the goddess who presided over marriage. She
corresponds to the Greek Hera.
Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. -- Shak.
2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids.
{Bird of June}, the peacock.
Junta \Jun"ta\, n.; pl. {Juntas}. [Sp., fr. L. junctus joined,
p. p. of jungere to join. See {Join}, and cf. {Junto}.]
A council; a convention; a tribunal; an assembly; esp., the
grand council of state in Spain.
Junto \Jun"to\, n.; pl. {Juntos}. [Sp. junto united. See
{Junta}.]
A secret council to deliberate on affairs of government or
politics; a number of men combined for party intrigue; a
faction; a cabal; as, a junto of ministers; a junto of
politicians.
The puzzling sons of party next appeared, In dark
cabals and mighty juntos met. -- Thomson.
Junartie \Jun"ar*tie\, n.
Jeopardy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jupati palm \Ju`pa*ti" palm`\ (Bot.)
A great Brazilian palm tree ({Raphia t[ae]digera}), used by
the natives for many purposes.
Jupe \Jupe\, n.
Same as {Jupon}.
Jupiter \Ju"pi*ter\, n. [L., fr. Jovis pater. See {Jove}.]
1. (Rom. Myth.) The supreme deity, king of gods and men, and
reputed to be the son of Saturn and Rhea; Jove. He
corresponds to the Greek Zeus.
2. (Astron.) One of the planets, being the brightest except
Venus, and the largest of them all, its mean diameter
being about 85,000 miles. It revolves about the sun in
4,332.6 days, at a mean distance of 5.2028 from the sun,
the earth's mean distance being taken as unity.
{Jupiter's beard}. (Bot.)
(a) A South European herb, with cymes of small red
blossoms ({Centranthus ruber}).
(b) The houseleek ({Sempervivum tectorum}); -- so called
from its massive inflorescence, like the sculptured
beard of Jove. --Prior.
(c) the cloverlike {Anthyllis Barba-Jovis}.
{Jupiter's staff} (Bot.), the common mullein; -- so called
from its long, rigid spike of yellow blossoms.
Jupon \Ju*pon"\, Juppon \Jup*pon"\, n. [F. jupon, fr. jupe
skirt, Sp. aljuba a Moorish garment, Ar. jubba.] [Written
variously {jupe}, {jump}, {juppo}, etc.]
1. A sleeveless jacket worn over the armor in the 14th
century. It fitted closely, and descended below the hips.
--Dryden.
2. A petticoat. --Halliwell.
Jura \Ju"ra\, n. [F. & L.]
1. A range of mountains between France and Switzerland.
2. (Geol.) The Jurassic period. See {Jurassic}.
Jural \Ju"ral\, a. [L. jus, juris, right.]
1. Pertaining to natural or positive right. [R.]
By the adjective jural we shall denote that which
has reference to the doctrine of rights and
obligations; as by the adjective ``moral'' we denote
that which has reference to the doctrine of duties.
-- Whewell.
2. (Law) Of or pertaining to jurisprudence.
Juramentum \Ju`ra*men"tum\, n.; pl. {Juramenta}. [L.] (Roman &
Old Eng. Law)
An oath.
Jurassic \Ju*ras"sic\, a. (Geol.)
Of the age of the middle Mesozoic, including, as divided in
England and Europe, the Lias, O["o]lite, and Wealden; --
named from certain rocks of the Jura mountains. -- n. The
Jurassic period or formation; -- called also the {Jura}.
Jurat \Ju"rat\, n. [Prov. F. jurat, fr. L. juratus sworn, p. p.
of jurare to swear. See {Jury}, n.]
1. A person under oath; specifically, an officer of the
nature of an alderman, in certain municipal corporations
in England. --Burrill.
2. (Law) The memorandum or certificate at the end of an
asffidavit, or a bill or answer in chancery, showing when,
before whom, and (in English practice), where, it was
sworn or affirmed. --Wharton. Bouvier.
Juratory \Ju"ra*to*ry\, a. [L. juratorius, fr. jurare to swear:
cf. F. juratoire.]
Relating to or comprising an oath; as, juratory caution.
--Ayliffe.
Jura-trias \Ju`ra-tri"as\, n. (Geol.)
A term applied to many American Mesozoic strata, in which the
characteristics of the Jurassic and Triassic periods appear
to be blended. -- {Ju`ra-tri*as"sic}, a.
Jurdiccion \Jur*dic"ci*on\, n.
Jurisdiction. [Obs.]
Jurdon \Jur"don\, n.
Jordan. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jurel \Ju"rel\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A yellow carangoid fish of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts
({Caranx chrysos}), most abundant southward, where it is
valued as a food fish; -- called also {hardtail}, {horse
crevall['e]}, {jack}, {buffalo jack}, {skipjack}, {yellow
mackerel}, and sometimes, improperly, {horse mackerel}. Other
species of {Caranx} (as {C. fallax}) are also sometimes
called jurel.
Juridic \Ju*rid"ic\, Juridical \Ju*rid"ic*al\, a. [L. juridicus
relating to the administration of justice; jus, juris, right,
law + dicare to pronounce: cf. F. juridique. See {Just}, a.,
and {Diction}.]
Pertaining to a judge or to jurisprudence; acting in the
distribution of justice; used in courts of law; according to
law; legal; as, juridical law. ``This juridical sword.''
--Milton.
The body corporate of the kingdom, in juridical
construction, never dies. -- Burke.
{Juridical days}, days on which courts are open.
Juridically \Ju*rid*ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a juridical manner.
Jurisconsult \Ju`ris*con"sult\, n. [L. jurisconsultus; jus,
juris, right + consulere, consultum, to consult: cf. F.
jurisconsulte.] (Law)
A man learned in the civil law; an expert in juridical
science; a professor of jurisprudence; a jurist.
Jurisdiction \Ju`ris*dic"tion\, n. [L. jurisdictio; jus, juris,
right, law + dictio a saying, speaking: cf. OF. jurisdiction,
F. juridiction. See {Just}, a., and {Diction}.]
1. (Law) The legal power, right, or authority of a particular
court to hear and determine causes, to try criminals, or
to execute justice; judicial authority over a cause or
class of causes; as, certain suits or actions, or the
cognizance of certain crimes, are within the jurisdiction
of a particular court, that is, within the limits of its
authority or commission.
2. The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate;
the right of making or enforcing laws; the power or right
of exercising authority.
To live exempt From Heaven's high jurisdiction. --
Milton.
You wrought to be a legate; by which power You
maim'd the jurisdiction of all bishops. -- Shak.
3. Sphere of authority; the limits within which any
particular power may be exercised, or within which a
government or a court has authority.
Note: Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the power
to make, declare, or apply the law. When confined to
the judiciary department, it is what we denominate the
judicial power, the right of administering justice
through the laws, by the means which the laws have
provided for that purpose. Jurisdiction is limited to
place or territory, to persons, or to particular
subjects. --Duponceau.
Jurisdictional \Ju`ris*dic"tion*al\, a. [Cf. LL.
jurisdictionalis, F. juridictionnel.]
Of or pertaining to jurisdiction; as jurisdictional rights.
--Barrow.
Jurisdictive \Ju`ris*dic"tive\, a.
Having jurisdiction. -- Milton.
Jurisprudence \Ju`ris*pru"dence\, n. [L. jurisprudentia; jus,
juris, right, law + prudentia a foreseeing, knowledge of a
matter, prudence: cf. F. jurisprudence. See {Just}, a., and
{Prudence}.]
The science of juridical law; the knowledge of the laws,
customs, and rights of men in a state or community, necessary
for the due administration of justice.
The talents of Abelard were not confined to theology,
jurisprudence, philosophy. -- J. Warton.
{Medical jurisprudence}, that branch of juridical law which
concerns questions of medicine.
Jurisprudent \Ju`ris*pru"dent\, a.[See {Jurisprudence}.]
Understanding law; skilled in jurisprudence. --G. West.
Jurisprudent \Ju`ris*pru"dent\, n. [Cf. F. jurisprudent.]
One skilled in law or jurisprudence. [R.] --De Quincey.
Jurisprudential \Ju`ris*pru*den"tial\, a.
Of or pertaining to jurisprudence. --Stewart.
Jurist \Ju`rist\, n. [F. juriste, LL. jurista, fr. L. jus,
juris, right, law. See {Just}, a.]
One who professes the science of law; one versed in the law,
especially in the civil law; a writer on civil and
international law.
It has ever been the method of public jurists to ?raw a
great part of the analogies on which they form the law
of nations from the principles of law which prevail in
civil community. -- Burke.
Juristic \Ju*ris"tic\, Juristical \Ju*ris"tic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a jurist, to the legal profession, or to
jurisprudence. [R.] ``Juristic ancestry.'' --Lowell.
Juror \Ju"ror\, n. [F. jureur one who takes oath, L. jurator a
swearer, fr. jurare, jurari, to swear. See {Jury}, n.]
1. (Law) A member of a jury; a juryman.
I shall both find your lordship judge and juror. --
Shak.
2. A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.
Jury \Ju"ry\, a. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)
For temporary use; -- applied to a temporary contrivance.
{Jury mast}, a temporary mast, in place of one that has been
carried away, or broken.
{Jury rudder}, a rudder constructed for temporary use.
Jury \Ju"ry\, n.; pl. {Juries}. [OF. jur['e]e an assize, fr.
jurer to swear, L. jurare, jurari; akin to jus, juris, right,
law. See {Just},a., and cf. {Jurat}, {Abjure}.]
1. (Law) A body of men, usually twelve, selected according to
law, impaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any
matter of fact, and to render their true verdict according
to the evidence legally adduced. See {Grand jury} under
{Grand}, and {Inquest}.
The jury, passing on the prisoner's life. -- Shak.
2. A committee for determining relative merit or awarding
prizes at an exhibition or competition; as, the art jury
gave him the first prize.
{Jury of inquest}, a coroner's jury. See {Inquest}.
Juryman \Ju"ry*man\, n.; pl. {Jurymen}.
One who is impaneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.
Jury-rigged \Ju"ry-rigged`\, a. (Naut.)
Rigged for temporary service. See {Jury}, a.
Jussi \Jus"si\, n.
A delicate fiber, produced in the Philippine Islands from an
unidentified plant, of which dresses, etc., are made.
Just \Just\, a. [F. juste, L. justus, fr. jus right, law,
justice; orig., that which is fitting; akin to Skr. yu to
join. Cf. {Injury}, {Judge}, {Jury}, {Giusto}.]
1. Conforming or conformable to rectitude or justice; not
doing wrong to any; violating no right or obligation;
upright; righteous; honest; true; -- said both of persons
and things. ``O just but severe law!'' --Shak.
There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good,
and sinneth not. -- Eccl. vii.
20.
Just balances, just weights, . . . shall ye have. --
Lev. xix. 36.
How should man be just with God? -- Job ix. 2.
We know your grace to be a man. Just and upright. --
Shak.
2. Not transgressing the requirement of truth and propriety;
conformed to the truth of things, to reason, or to a
proper standard; exact; normal; reasonable; regular; due;
as, a just statement; a just inference.
Just of thy word, in every thought sincere. -- Pope.
The prince is here at hand: pleaseth your lordship
To meet his grace just distance 'tween our armies.
-- Shak.
He was a comely personage, a little above just
stature. --Bacon.
Fire fitted with just materials casts a constant
heat. -- Jer.
Taylor.
When all The war shall stand ranged in its just
array. -- Addison.
Their named alone would make a just volume. --
Burton.
3. Rendering or disposed to render to each one his due;
equitable; fair; impartial; as, just judge.
Men are commonly so just to virtue and goodness as
to praise it in others, even when they do not
practice it themselves. --Tillotson.
{Just intonation}. (Mus.)
(a) The correct sounding of notes or intervals; true
pitch.
(b) The giving all chords and intervals in their purity or
their exact mathematical ratio, or without
temperament; a process in which the number of notes
and intervals required in the various keys is much
greater than the twelve to the octave used in systems
of temperament. --H. W. Poole.
Syn: Equitable; upright; honest; true; fair; impartial;
proper; exact; normal; orderly; regular.
Just \Just\, adv.
1. Precisely; exactly; -- in place, time, or degree; neither
more nor less than is stated.
And having just enough, not covet more. -- Dryden.
The god Pan guided my hand just to the heart of the
beast. --Sir P.
Sidney.
To-night, at Herne's oak, just 'twixt twelve and
one. -- Shak.
2. Closely; nearly; almost.
Just at the point of death. -- Sir W.
Temple.
3. Barely; merely; scarcely; only; by a very small space or
time; as, he just missed the train; just too late.
A soft Etesian gale But just inspired and gently
swelled the sail. -- Dryden.
{Just now}, the least possible time since; a moment ago.
Just \Just\, v. i. [See {Joust}.]
To joust. --Fairfax.
Just \Just\, n.
A joust. --Dryden.
Justice \Jus"tice\, n. [F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just.
See {Just}, a.]
1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of
righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict
performance of moral obligations; practical conformity to
human or divine law; integrity in the dealings of men with
each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness.
Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy
throne. -- Ps. ixxxix.
11.
The king-becoming graces, As justice, verity,
temperance, stableness, . . . I have no relish of
them. -- Shak.
2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and
in conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit
or demerit; honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the
justice of a description or of a judgment; historical
justice.
3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just
treatment; requital of desert; merited reward or
punishment; that which is due to one's conduct or motives.
This even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of
our poisoned chalice To our own lips. -- Shak.
4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice
of a claim.
5. A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and
decide controversies and administer justice.
Note: This title is given to the judges of the common law
courts in England and in the United States, and extends
to judicial officers and magistrates of every grade.
{Bed of justice}. See under {Bed}.
{Chief justice}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Justice of the peace} (Law), a judicial officer or
subordinate magistrate appointed for the conservation of
the peace in a specified district, with other incidental
powers specified in his commission. In the United States a
justice of the peace has jurisdiction to adjudicate
certain minor cases, commit offenders, etc.
Syn: Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity;
uprightness; fairness; impartiality.
Usage: {Justice}, {Equity}, {Law}. Justice and equity are the
same; but human laws, though designed to secure
justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence what is
strictly legal is at times far from being equitable or
just. Here a court of equity comes in to redress the
grievances. It does so, as distinguished from courts
of law; and as the latter are often styled courts of
justice, some have fancied that there is in this case
a conflict between justice and equity. The real
conflict is against the working of the law; this a
court of equity brings into accordance with the claims
of justice. It would be an unfortunate use of language
which should lead any one to imagine he might have
justice on his side while practicing iniquity
(inequity). {Justice}, {Rectitude}. Rectitude, in its
widest sense, is one of the most comprehensive words
in our language, denoting absolute conformity to the
rule of right in principle and practice. Justice
refers more especially to the carrying out of law, and
has been considered by moralists as of three kinds:
(1) Commutative justice, which gives every man his own
property, including things pledged by promise. (2)
Distributive justice, which gives every man his exact
deserts. (3) General justice, which carries out all
the ends of law, though not in every case through the
precise channels of commutative or distributive
justice; as we see often done by a parent or a ruler
in his dealings with those who are subject to his
control.
Justice \Jus"tice\, v. t.
To administer justice to. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Justiceable \Jus"tice*a*ble\, a.
Liable to trial in a court of justice. [Obs.] --Hayward.
Justicehood \Jus"tice*hood\, n.
Justiceship. --B. Jonson.
Justicement \Jus"tice*ment\, n.
Administration of justice; procedure in courts of justice.
[Obs.] --Johnson.
Justicer \Jus"ti*cer\, n.
One who administers justice; a judge. [Obs.] ``Some upright
justicer.'' --Shak.
Justiceship \Jus"tice*ship\, n.
The office or dignity of a justice. --Holland.
Justiciable \Jus*ti"ci*a*ble\, a. [Cf. LL. justitiabilis, F.
justiciable.]
Proper to be examined in a court of justice. --Bailey.
Justiciar \Jus*ti"ci*ar\, n.
Same as {Justiciary}.
Justiciary \Jus*ti"ci*a*ry\, n. [Cf. LL. justitiarius, F.
justicier. See {Justice}.] (Old Eng. Law)
An old name for the judges of the higher English courts.
Note: The chief justiciary, or justiciar, in early English
history, was not only the chief justice of the kingdom,
but also ex officio regent in the king's absence.
{Court of justiciary} (Scots Law), the supreme criminal
court, having jurisdiction over the whole of Scotland.
Justico \Jus"ti*co\, Justicoat \Jus"ti*coat`\, n. [F.
justaucorps, lit., close to the body.]
Formerly, a close coat or waistcoat with sleeves.
Justifiable \Jus"ti*fi`a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. justifiable. See
{Justify}.]
Capable of being justified, or shown to be just.
Just are the ways of God, An justifiable to men.
--Milton.
Syn: Defensible; vindicable; warrantable; excusable;
exculpable; authorizable. -- {Jus"ti*fi`a*ble*ness}, n.
-- {Jus"ti*fi`a*bly}, adv.
Justification \Jus`ti*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. justificatio: cf. F.
justification. See {Justify}.]
1. The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a
showing or proving to be just or conformable to law,
justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support;
as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct;
his disobedience admits justification.
I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote
this but as an essay or taste of my virtue. --Shak.
2. (Law) The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason
why a party charged or accused did that for which he is
called to answer.
3. (Theol.) The act of justifying, or the state of being
justified, in respect to God's requirements.
Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised
again for our justification. --Rom. iv. 25.
In such righteousness To them by faith imputed, they
may find Justification toward God, and peace Of
conscience. --Milton.
4. (Print.) Adjustment of type by spacing it so as to make it
exactly fill a line, or of a cut so as to hold it in the
right place; also, the leads, quads, etc., used for making
such adjustment.
Justificative \Jus*tif"i*ca*tive\ (?; 277), a. [Cf. F.
justificatif.]
Having power to justify; justificatory.
Justificator \Jus"ti*fi*ca`tor\, n. [LL. justificator: cf. F.
justificateur.]
One who justifies or vindicates; a justifier. --Johnson.
Justificatory \Jus*tif"i*ca*to*ry\ (?; 277), a.
Vindicatory; defensory; justificative.
Justifier \Jus"ti*fi`er\, n.
One who justifies; one who vindicates, supports, defends, or
absolves.
Justifiers of themselves and hypocrites. --Strype.
That he might be just, and the justifier of him which
believeth in Jesus. --Rom. iii.
26.
Justify \Jus"ti*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Justified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Justifying}.] [F. justifier, L. justificare; justus
just + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See {Just}, a., and
{-fy}.]
1. To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or
defend as conformable to law, right, justice, propriety,
or duty.
That to the height of this great argument I may
assert eternal providence, And justify the ways of
God to men. --Milton.
Unless the oppression is so extreme as to justify
revolution, it would not justify the evil of
breaking up a government. --E. Everett.
2. To pronounce free from guilt or blame; to declare or prove
to have done that which is just, right, proper, etc.; to
absolve; to exonerate; to clear.
I can not justify whom the law condemns. --Shak.
3. (Theol.) To treat as if righteous and just; to pardon; to
exculpate; to absolve.
By him all that believe are justified from all
things, from which ye could not be justified by the
law of Moses. --Acts xiii.
39.
4. To prove; to ratify; to confirm. [Obs.] --Shak.
5. (Print.) To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper
spacing; to adjust, as type. See {Justification}, 4.
Syn: To defend; maintain; vindicate; excuse; exculpate;
absolve; exonerate.
Justify \Jus"ti*fy\, v. i.
1. (Print.) To form an even surface or true line with
something else; to fit exactly.
2. (Law) To take oath to the ownership of property sufficient
to qualify one's self as bail or surety.
Justinian \Jus*tin"i*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Institutes or laws of the Roman
Justinian.
Justle \Jus"tle\, v. i. [Freq. of joust, just, v. i. See
{Joust}, v. i., and cf. {Jostle}.]
To run or strike against each other; to encounter; to clash;
to jostle. --Shak.
The chariots shall rage in the streets; they shall
justle one against another in the broad ways. --Nahum
ii. 4.
Justle \Jus"tle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Justled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Justling}.]
To push; to drive; to force by running against; to jostle.
We justled one another out, and disputed the post for a
great while. --Addison.
Justle \Jus"tle\, n.
An encounter or shock; a jostle.
Justly \Just"ly\, adv. [From {Just}, a.]
In a just manner; in conformity to law, justice, or
propriety; by right; honestly; fairly; accurately. ``In equal
balance justly weighed.'' --Shak.
Nothing can justly be despised that can not justly be
blamed: where there is no choice there can be no blame.
--South.
Justness \Just"ness\, n.
The quality of being just; conformity to truth, propriety,
accuracy, exactness, and the like; justice; reasonableness;
fairness; equity; as, justness of proportions; the justness
of a description or representation; the justness of a cause.
In value the satisfaction I had in seeing it
represented with all the justness and gracefulness of
action. --Dryden.
Note: Justness is properly applied to things, and justice to
persons; but the distinction is not always observed.
Syn: Accuracy; exactness; correctness; propriety; fitness;
reasonableness; equity; uprightness; justice.
Jut \Jut\ (j[u^]t), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jutted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Jutting}.] [A corruption of jet.]
1. To shoot out or forward; to project beyond the main body;
as, the jutting part of a building. ``In jutting rock and
curved shore.'' --Wordsworth.
It seems to jut out of the structure of the poem.
--Sir T.
Browne.
2. To butt. [Obs.] ``The jutting steer.'' --Mason.
Jut \Jut\, n.
1. That which projects or juts; a projection.
2. A shove; a push. [Obs.] --Udall.
Jute \Jute\ (j[=u]t), n. [Hind. j[=u]t, Skr. j[=u][.t]a matted
hair; cf. ja[.t]a matted hair, fibrous roots.]
The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian {Corchorus
olitorius}, and {C. capsularis}; also, the plant itself. The
fiber is much used for making mats, gunny cloth, cordage,
hangings, paper, etc.
Jutes \Jutes\ (j[=u]ts), n. pl. sing. {Jute}. (Ethnol.)
Jutlanders; one of the Low German tribes, a portion of which
settled in Kent, England, in the 5th century.
Jutlander \Jut"land*er\, n.
A native or inhabitant of Jutland in Denmark.
Jutlandish \Jut"land*ish\, a.
Of or pertaining to Jutland, or to the people of Jutland.
Jutting \Jut"ting\, a.
Projecting, as corbels, cornices, etc. -- {Jut"ting*ly}, adv.
Jutty \Jut"ty\, n. [See {Jetty}, {Jut}, {Jet}.]
A projection in a building; also, a pier or mole; a jetty.
--Shak.
Jutty \Jut"ty\, v. t. & i.
To project beyond. [Obs.] --Shak.
Juvenal \Ju"ve*nal\, n. [L. juvenalis youthful, juvenile, fr.
juvenis young.]
A youth. [Obs.] --Shak.
Juvenescence \Ju`ve*nes"cence\, n.
A growing young.
Juvenescent \Ju`ve*nes"cent\, a. [L. juvenescens, p. pr. of
juvenescere to grow young again, from juvenis young.]
Growing or becoming young.
Juvenile \Ju"ve*nile\ (?; 277), a. [L. juvenilis, from juvenis
young; akin to E. young: cf. F. juv['e]nile, juv['e]nil. See
{Young}.]
1. Young; youthful; as, a juvenile appearance. ``A juvenile
exercitation.'' --Glanvill.
2. Of or pertaining to youth; as, juvenile sports.
Syn: Puerile; boyish; childish. See {Youthful}.
Juvenile \Ju"ve*nile\, n.
A young person or youth; -- used sportively or familiarly.
--C. Bront['e].
Juvenileness \Ju"ve*nile*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being juvenile; juvenility.
Juvenility \Ju`ve*nil"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Juvenilities}. [L.
juvenilitas: cf. F. juv['e]nilit['e].]
1. Youthfulness; adolescence. --Glanvill.
2. The manners or character of youth; immaturity. --Glanvill.
Juvia \Ju"vi*a\, n. (Bot.)
A Brazilian name for the lofty myrtaceous tree ({Bertholetia
excelsa}) which produces the large seeds known as Brazil
nuts.
Juwansa \Ju*wan"sa\, n. (Bot.)
The camel's thorn. See under {Camel}.
Juwise \Ju*wise"\, n. [Obs.]
Same as {Juise}. --Chaucer.
Juxtapose \Jux`ta*pose"\, v. t. [Cf. {Juxtaposit}, {Pose}.]
To place in juxtaposition. --Huxley.
Juxtaposit \Jux`ta*pos"it\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Juxtaposited};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Juxtapositing}.] [L. juxta near + positus,
p. p. of ponere to put.]
To place in close connection or contiguity; to juxtapose.
--Derham.
Juxtaposition \Jux`ta*po*si"tion\, n. [L. juxta near + positio
position: cf. F. juxtaposition. See {Just}, v. i., and
{Position}.]
A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side
by side; as, a juxtaposition of words.
Parts that are united by a a mere juxtaposition.
--Glanvill.
Juxtaposition is a very unsafe criterion of continuity.
--Hare.
Junold \Jun"old\, a. [Obs.]
See {Gimmal}.