R.
R \R\ ([aum]r).
R, the eighteenth letter of English alphabet, is a vocal
consonant. It is sometimes called a semivowel, and a liquid.
See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 178, 179, and
250-254. ``R is the dog's letter and hurreth in the sound.''
--B. Jonson.
Note: In words derived from the Greek language the letter h
is generally written after r to represent the aspirated
sound of the Greek "r, but does not affect the
pronunciation of the English word, as rhapsody,
rhetoric. The English letter derives its form from the
Greek through the Latin, the Greek letter derived from
the Ph[oe]nician, which, it is believed, is ultimately
of Egyptian origin. Etymologically, R is most closely
related to l, s, and n; as in bandore, mandole; purple,
L. purpura; E. chapter, F. chapitre, L. capitulum; E.
was, were; hare, G. hase; E. order, F. ordre, L. ordo,
ordinis; E. coffer, coffin.
{The three Rs}, a jocose expression for reading, (w)riting,
and (a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an education.
Ra \Ra\, n.
A roe; a deer. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ra- \Ra-\
A prefix, from the Latin re and ad combined, coming to us
through the French and Italian. See {Re-} and {Ad-}.
Raash \Raash\, n. [Cf. Ar. ra'ash trembling, tremor.] (Zo["o]l.)
The electric catfish. [Written also {raasch}.]
Rab \Rab\, n.
A rod or stick used by masons in mixing hair with mortar.
Rabat \Rab"at\, n. [See {Rabot}.]
A polishing material made of potter's clay that has failed in
baking.
Rabate \Ra*bate"\, v. t. [F. rabattre to beat down; pref. re- +
abattre. See {Abate}, and cf. {Rebate}, v.] (Falconry)
To recover to the fist, as a hawk. [Obs.]
Rabatine \Rab"a*tine\, n. [See {Rabato}.]
A collar or cape. [Obs.] --Sir W. Scott.
Rabato \Ra*ba"to\, n. [F. rabat, fr. rabattre. See {Rabate}.]
A kind of ruff for the neck; a turned-down collar; a rebato.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Rabbate \Rab*bate"\, v. t. [See {Rabate}.]
To abate or diminish. [Obs.] -n. Abatement. [Obs.]
Rabbet \Rab"bet\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rabbeted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Rabbeting}.] [F. raboter to plane, plane down,rabot a
plane; pref. re- re- + OF. abouter, aboter. See {Abut}, and
cf. {Rebut}.]
1. To cut a rabbet in; to furnish with a rabbet.
2. To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a rabbet joint.
Rabbet \Rab"bet\, n. [See {Rabbet} v., and cf. {Rebate}, n.]
1. (Carp.) A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out
of the edge or face of any body; especially, one intended
to receive another member, so as to break or cover the
joint, or more easily to hold the members in place; thus,
the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of glass, or for a
door, is a rabbet, or rebate.
2. Same as Rabbet joint, below.
{Rabbet joint} (Carp.), a joint formed by fitting together
rabbeted boards or timbers: -- called also {rabbet}.
{Rabbet plane}, a joiner's plane for cutting a rabbet.
--Moxon.
Rabbi \Rab"bi\, n.; pl. {Rabbis}or {Rabbies}. [L., fr. Gr. ?,
Heb. rab[=i] my master, from rab master, lord, teacher, akin
to Ar. rabb.]
Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish title of respect or honor
for a teacher or doctor of the law. ``The gravest rabbies.''
--Milton.
Be not ye called Rabbi, for one is your Master, even
Christ, and all ye are brethren. --Matt. xxiii.
8.
Rabbin \Rab"bin\, n. [F.]
Same as {Rabbi}.
Rabbinic \Rab*bin"ic\, Rabbinical \Rab*bin"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
rabbinique.]
Of or pertaining to the rabbins, or pertaining to be
opinions, learning, or language of the rabbins. ``Comments
staler than rabbinic.'' --Lowell.
We will not buy your rabbinical fumes. --Milton.
Rabbinic \Rab*bin"ic\, n.
The language or dialect of the rabbins; the later Hebrew.
Rabbinically \Rab*bin"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a rabbinical manner; after the manner of the rabbins.
Rabbinism \Rab"bin*ism\, n. [Cf. F. rabbinisme.]
1. A rabbinic expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the
language of the rabbins.
2. The teachings and traditions of the rabbins.
Rabbinist \Rab"bin*ist\, n. [Cf. F. rabbiniste.]
One among the Jews who adhered to the Talmud and the
traditions of the rabbins, in opposition to the Karaites, who
rejected the traditions.
Rabbinite \Rab"bin*ite\, n.
Same as {Rabbinist}.
Rabbit \Rab"bit\, n. [OE. abet, akin to OD. robbe, robbeken.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any of the smaller species of the genus Lepus, especially the
common European species ({Lepus cuniculus}), which is often
kept as a pet, and has been introduced into many countries.
It is remarkably prolific, and has become a pest in some
parts of Australia and New Zealand.
Note: The common American rabbit ({L. sylvalica}) is similar
but smaller. See {Cottontail}, and {Jack rabbit}, under
2d {Jack}. The larger species of Lepus are commonly
called hares. See {Hare}.
{Angora rabbit} (Zo["o]l.), a variety of the domestic rabbit
having long, soft fur.
{Rabbit burrow}, a hole in the earth made by rabbits for
shelter and habitation.
{Rabbit fish}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The northern chim[ae]ra ({Chim[ae]ra monstrosa}).
(b) Any one of several species of plectognath fishes, as the
bur fish, and puffer. The term is also locally applied to
other fishes.
{Rabbits' ears}. (Bot.) See {Cyclamen}.
{Rabbit warren}, a piece of ground appropriated to the
breeding and preservation of rabbits. --Wright.
{Rock rabbit}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Daman}, and {Klipdas}.
{Welsh rabbit}, a dish of which the chief constituents are
toasted bread and toasted cheese, prepared in various
ways. The name is said to be a corruption of {Welsh rare
bit}, but perhaps it is merely a humorous designation.
Rabbiting \Rab"bit*ing\, n.
The hunting of rabbits. --T. Hughes.
Rabbitry \Rab"bit*ry\, n.
A place where rabbits are kept; especially, a collection of
hutches for tame rabbits.
Rabble \Rab"ble\ (r[a^]b"b'l), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Iron
Manuf.)
An iron bar, with the end bent, used in stirring or skimming
molten iron in the process of puddling.
Rabble \Rab"ble\, v. t.
To stir with a rabble, as molten iron.
Rabble \Rab"ble\, v. i. [Akin to D. rabbelen, Prov. G. rabbeln,
to prattle, to chatter: cf. L. rabula a brawling advocate, a
pettifogger, fr. rabere to rave. Cf. {Rage}]
To speak in a confused manner. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Rabble \Rab"ble\, n. [Probably named from the noise made by it
(see {Rabble}, v. t.) cf. D. rapalje rabble, OF. & Prov. F.
rapaille.]
1. A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noise people; a mob; a
confused, disorderly throng.
I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the
presence of the prince, a great rabble of mean and
light persons. --Ascham.
Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars and the whole
rabble of licentious deities. --Bp.
Warburton.
2. A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of voices; a
chatter.
{The rabble}, the lowest class of people, without reference
to an assembly; the dregs of the people. ``The rabble call
him `lord.''' --Shak.
Rabble \Rab"ble\, a.
Of or pertaining to a rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble;
disorderly; vulgar. [R.] --Dryden.
Rabble \Rab"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rabbled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rabbling}.]
1. To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; as, to rabble a
curate. --Macaulay.
The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates
them selves rabbled on their way to the house. --J.
R. Green.
2. To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth without
intelligence. [Obs. or Scot.] --Foxe.
3. To rumple; to crumple. [Scot.]
Rabblement \Rab"ble*ment\, n.
A tumultuous crowd of low people; a rabble. ``Rude
rablement.'' --Spenser.
And still, as he refused it, the rabblement hooted.
--Shak.
Rabblor \Rab"blor\, n. [See 2d {Rabble}.] (Mech.)
A scraping tool for smoothing metal.
Rabble-rout \Rab"ble-rout`\, n.
A tumultuous crowd; a rabble; a noisy throng.
Rabdoidal \Rab*doid"al\, a. [Gr. ? a rod + -oid + -al.] (Anat.)
See {Sagittal}. [Written also {rhabdoidal}.]
Rabdology \Rab*dol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? rod, stick + -logy: cf. F.
rabdologie.]
The method or art of performing arithmetical operations by
means of Napier's bones. See {Napier's bones}. [Written also
{rhabdology}.]
Rabdomancy \Rab"do*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ? rod + -mancy.]
Divination by means of rods or wands. [Written also
{rhabdomancy}.] --Sir T. Browne.
Rabid \Rab"id\, a.[L. rabidus, from rabere to rave. See {Rage},
n.]
1. Furious; raging; extremely violent.
The rabid flight Of winds that ruin ships.
--Chapman.
2. Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion;
excessively zealous; as, a rabid socialist.
3. Affected with the distemper called rabies; mad; as, a
rabid god or fox.
4. (Med.) Of or pertaining to rabies, or hydrophobia; as,
rabid virus.
Rabidity \Ra*bid"i*ty\, n.
Rabidness; furiousness.
Rabidly \Rab"id*ly\, adv.
In a rabid manner; with extreme violence.
Rabidness \Rab"id*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being rabid.
Rabies \Ra"bi*es\, n. [L. See {Rage}, n.]
Same as {Hydrophobia}
(b); canine madness.
Rabinet \Rab"i*net\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mil.)
A kind of small ordnance formerly in use. [Written also
{rabanet}.] --Ainsworth.
Rabious \Ra"bi*ous\, a.
Fierce. [Obs.] --Daniel.
Rabot \Ra"bot\, n. [F.]
A rubber of hard wood used in smoothing marble to be
polished. --Knight.
Raca \Ra"ca\, a. [Gr. ?, from Chaldee r[=e]k[=a].]
A term of reproach used by the Jews of our Savior's time,
meaning ``worthless.''
Whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in
danger of the council. --Matt. v. 22.
Racahout \Ra`ca`hout"\, n. [F. racahout, probably fr. Ar.
r[=a]qaut.]
A preparation from acorns used by the Arabs as a substitute
for chocolate, and also as a beverage for invalids.
Raccoon \Rac*coon"\, n. [F. raton, prop., a little rat, fr. rat
rat, perhaps of German origin. See {Rat}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A North American nocturnal carnivore ({Procyon lotor}) allied
to the bears, but much smaller, and having a long, full tail,
banded with black and gray. Its body is gray, varied with
black and white. Called also {coon}, and {mapach}.
{Raccoon dog} (Zo["o]l.), the tanate.
{Raccoon fox} (Zo["o]l.), the cacomixle.
Race \Race\, v. t.
To raze. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Race \Race\, n. [OF. ra["i]z, L. radix, -icis. See {Radix}.]
A root. ``A race or two of ginger.'' --Shak.
{Race ginger}, ginger in the root, or not pulverized.
Race \Race\, n. [F. race; cf. Pr. & Sp. raza, It. razza; all
from OHG. reiza line, akin to E. write. See {Write}.]
1. The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe,
people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the
same stock; a lineage; a breed.
The whole race of mankind. --Shak.
Whence the long race of Alban fathers come.
--Dryden.
Note: Naturalists and ehnographers divide mankind into
several distinct varieties, or races. Cuvier refers
them all to three, Pritchard enumerates seven, Agassiz
eight, Pickering describes eleven. One of the common
classifications is that of Blumenbach, who makes five
races: the Caucasian, or white race, to which belong
the greater part of the European nations and those of
Western Asia; the Mongolian, or yellow race, occupying
Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the Ethiopian, or negro
race, occupying most of Africa (except the north),
Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands; the
American, or red race, comprising the Indians of North
and South America; and the Malayan, or brown race,
which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago,
etc. Many recent writers classify the Malay and
American races as branches of the Mongolian. See
Illustration in Appendix.
2. Company; herd; breed.
For do but note a wild and wanton herd, Or race of
youthful and unhandled colts, Fetching mad bounds.
--Shak.
3. (Bot.) A variety of such fixed character that it may be
propagated by seed.
4. Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine; that
quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates
origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavor;
smack. ``A race of heaven.'' --Shak.
Is it [the wine] of the right race ? --Massinqer.
5. Hence, characteristic quality or disposition. [Obs.]
And now I give my sensual race the rein. --Shak.
Some . . . great race of fancy or judgment. --Sir W.
Temple.
Syn: Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring; progeny;
issue.
Race \Race\, n. [OE. ras, res, rees, AS. r[=ae]s a rush,
running; akin to Icel. r[=a]s course, race. [root]118.]
1. A progress; a course; a movement or progression.
2. Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a running.
The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of
any beasts. --Bacon.
3. Hence: The act or process of running in competition; a
contest of speed in any way, as in running, riding,
driving, skating, rowing, sailing; in the plural, usually,
a meeting for contests in the running of horses; as, he
attended the races.
The race is not to the swift. --Eccl. ix.
11.
I wield the gauntlet, and I run the race. --Pope.
4. Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged;
hence, career; course of life.
My race of glory run, and race of shame. --Milton.
5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or
passage for such a current; a powerful current or heavy
sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides; as,
the Portland Race; the Race of Alderney.
6. The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the
channel in which it flows; a mill race.
Note: The part of the channel above the wheel is sometimes
called the headrace, the part below, the tailrace.
7. (Mach.) A channel or guide along which a shuttle is driven
back and forth, as in a loom, sewing machine, etc.
{Race cloth}, a cloth worn by horses in racing, having
pockets to hold the weights prescribed.
{Race course}.
(a) The path, generally circular or elliptical, over which
a race is run.
(b) Same as {Race way}, below.
{Race cup}, a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race.
{Race glass}, a kind of field glass.
{Race horse}.
(a) A horse that runs in competition; specifically, a
horse bred or kept for running races.
(b) A breed of horses remarkable for swiftness in running.
(c) (Zo["o]l.) The steamer duck.
(d) (Zo["o]l.) A mantis.
{Race knife}, a cutting tool with a blade that is hooked at
the point, for marking outlines, on boards or metals, as
by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding.
{Race saddle}, a light saddle used in racing.
{Race track}. Same as {Race course}
(a), above.
{Race way}, the canal for the current that drives a water
wheel.
Race \Race\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Raced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Racing}.]
1. To run swiftly; to contend in a race; as, the animals
raced over the ground; the ships raced from port to port.
2. (Steam Mach.) To run too fast at times, as a marine engine
or screw, when the screw is lifted out of water by the
action of a heavy sea.
Race \Race\, v. t.
1. To cause to contend in race; to drive at high speed; as,
to race horses.
2. To run a race with.
Racemate \Ra*ce"mate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of racemic acid.
Racemation \Rac`e*ma"tion\, n. [L. racematio a gleaning, fr.
racemari to glean, racemus a cluster of grapes. See
{Raceme}.]
1. A cluster or bunch, as of grapes. --Sir T. Browne.
2. Cultivation or gathering of clusters of grapes. [R.]
Raceme \Ra*ceme"\, n. [L. racemus a bunch of berries, a cluster
of grapes. See {Raisin}.] (Bot.)
A flower cluster with an elongated axis and many one-flowered
lateral pedicels, as in the currant and chokecherry.
{Compound raceme}, one having the lower pedicels developed
into secondary racemes.
Racemed \Ra*cemed"\, a. (Bot.)
Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes.
Racemic \Ra*ce"mic\, a. [Cf. F. rac['e]mique. See {Raceme}.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in many kinds of
grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric acid, with which it
is isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by oxidation. It is a
sour white crystalline substance, consisting of a combination
of dextrorotatory and levorotatory tartaric acids. --Gregory.
Racemiferous \Rac`e*mif"er*ous\, a. [L. racemifer bearing
clusters; racemus cluster + ferre to bear: cf. F.
rac['e]mif[`e]re.] (Bot.)
Bearing racemes, as the currant.
Racemiform \Ra*cem"i*form\, a.
Having the form of a raceme. --Gray.
Racemose \Rac"e*mose`\, a. [L. racemosus full of clusters.]
Resembling a raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; as,
(Bot.) racemose berries or flowers; (Anat.) the racemose
glands, in which the ducts are branched and clustered like a
raceme. --Gray.
Racemous \Rac"e*mous\, a. [Cf. F. rac['e]meux.]
See {Racemose}.
Racemule \Rac"e*mule\, n. (Bot.)
A little raceme.
Racemulose \Ra*cem"u*lose`\, a. (Bot.)
Growing in very small racemes.
Racer \Ra"cer\, n.
1. One who, or that which, races, or contends in a race;
esp., a race horse.
And bade the nimblest racer seize the prize. --Pope.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The common American black snake.
3. (Mil.) One of the circular iron or steel rails on which
the chassis of a heavy gun is turned.
Rach \Rach\, Rache \Rache\, n. [AS. r[ae]cc; akin to Icel.
rakki.] (Zo["o]l.)
A dog that pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from
the greyhound. [Obs.]
Rachialgia \Ra"chi*al"gi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? backbone + ?
pain.] (Med.)
A painful affection of the spine; especially, Pott's disease;
also, formerly, lead colic.
Rachidian \Ra*chid"i*an\, a. [See {Rachis}.] (Anat. & Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as
{Rhachidian}.
Rachilla \Ra*chil"la\, n. [NL.]
Same as {Rhachilla}.
Rachiodont \Ra"chi*o*dont\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Rhachiodont}.
Rachis \Ra"chis\, n.; pl. E. {Rachises}, L. {Rachides}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ? ?.] [Written also {rhachis}.]
1. (Anat.) The spine; the vertebral column.
2. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.) Same as {Rhachis}.
Rachitic \Ra*chit"ic\, a. [Cf. F. rachitique. See {Rachitis}.]
(Med.)
Of or pertaining to rachitis; affected by rachitis; rickety.
Rachitis \Ra*chi"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ?, ?, the
spine.] [Written also {rhachitis}.]
1. (Med.) Literally, inflammation of the spine, but commonly
applied to the rickets. See {Rickets}.
2. (Bot.) A disease which produces abortion in the fruit or
seeds. --Henslow.
Rachitome \Ra"chi*tome\, n. [F., fr. Gr. ?, ?, the spine + ? to
cut.]
A dissecting instrument for opening the spinal canal.
[Written also {rachiotome}.]
Racial \Ra"cial\, a.
Of or pertaining to a race or family of men; as, the racial
complexion.
Racily \Ra"ci*ly\, adv.
In a racy manner.
Raciness \Ra"ci*ness\, n.
The quality of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor.
The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style
were perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a
purity always simple, and raciness often elegant.
--London
Times.
Racing \Ra"cing\,
a. & n. from {Race}, v. t. & i.
{Racing crab} (Zo["o]l.), an ocypodian.
Rack \Rack\, n.
Same as Arrack.
Rack \Rack\, n. [AS. hracca neck, hinder part of the head; cf.
AS. hraca throat, G. rachen throat, E. retch.]
The neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton.
Rack \Rack\, n. [See {Wreck}.]
A wreck; destruction. [Obs., except in a few phrases.]
{Rack and ruin}, destruction; utter ruin. [Colloq.]
{To go to rack}, to perish; to be destroyed. [Colloq.] ``All
goes to rack.'' --Pepys.
Rack \Rack\, n. [Prob. fr. Icel. rek drift, motion, and akin to
reka to drive, and E. wrack, wreck. ?.]
Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor
in the sky. --Shak.
The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds
above, which we call the rack, . . . pass without
noise. --Bacon.
And the night rack came rolling up. --C. Kingsley.
Rack \Rack\, v. i.
To fly, as vapor or broken clouds.
Rack \Rack\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Racked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Racking}.] [See {Rack} that which stretches, or {Rock}, v.]
To amble fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the
body; to pace; -- said of a horse. --Fuller.
Rack \Rack\, n.
A fast amble.
Rack \Rack\, v. t. [Cf. OF. vin raqu['e] squeezed from the dregs
of the grapes.]
To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine.
It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the
lees (which we call racking), whereby it will clarify
much the sooner. --Bacon.
{Rack vintage}, wine cleansed and drawn from the lees.
--Cowell.
Rack \Rack\, n. [Probably fr. D. rek, rekbank, a rack, rekken to
stretch; akin to G. reck, reckbank, a rack, recken to
stretch, Dan. r[ae]kke, Sw. r["a]cka, Icel. rekja to spread
out, Goth. refrakjan to stretch out; cf. L. porrigere, Gr. ?.
? Cf. {Right}, a., {Ratch}.]
1. An instrument or frame used for stretching, extending,
retaining, or displaying, something. Specifically:
(a) An engine of torture, consisting of a large frame,
upon which the body was gradually stretched until,
sometimes, the joints were dislocated; -- formerly
used judicially for extorting confessions from
criminals or suspected persons.
During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a
rack was introduced into the Tower, and was
occasionally used under the plea of political
necessity. --Macaulay.
(b) An instrument for bending a bow.
(c) A grate on which bacon is laid.
(d) A frame or device of various construction for holding,
and preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc.,
supplied to beasts.
(e) A frame on which articles are deposited for keeping or
arranged for display; as, a clothes rack; a bottle
rack, etc.
(f) (Naut.) A piece or frame of wood, having several
sheaves, through which the running rigging passes; --
called also {rack block}. Also, a frame to hold shot.
(g) (Mining) A frame or table on which ores are separated
or washed.
(h) A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or
grain on the stalk, or other bulky loads.
(i) A distaff.
2. (Mech.) A bar with teeth on its face, or edge, to work
with those of a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is to drive
it or be driven by it.
3. That which is extorted; exaction. [Obs.] --Sir E. Sandys.
{Mangle rack}. (Mach.) See under {Mangle}. n.
{Rack block}. (Naut.) See def. 1
(f), above.
{Rack lashing}, a lashing or binding where the rope is
tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of
wood twisted around.
{Rack rail} (Railroads), a toothed rack, laid as a rail, to
afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of locomotive
for climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain.
{Rack saw}, a saw having wide teeth.
{Rack stick}, the stick used in a rack lashing.
{To be on the rack}, to suffer torture, physical or mental.
{To live at rack and manger}, to live on the best at
another's expense. [Colloq.]
{To put to the rack}, to subject to torture; to torment.
A fit of the stone puts a kingto the rack, and makes
him as miserable as it does the meanest subject.
--Sir W.
Temple.
Rack \Rack\, v. t.
1. To extend by the application of force; to stretch or
strain; specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to
torture by an engine which strains the limbs and pulls the
joints.
He was racked and miserably tormented. --Pope.
2. To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme pain or
anguish.
Vaunting aloud but racked with deep despair.
--Milton.
3. To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense; hence, to
harass, or oppress by extortion.
The landlords there shamefully rack their tenants.
--Spenser.
They [landlords] rack a Scripture simile beyond the
true intent thereof. --Fuller.
Try what my credit can in Venice do; That shall be
racked even to the uttermost. --Shak.
4. (Mining) To wash on a rack, as metals or ore.
5. (Naut.) To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns
of yarn, marline, etc.
{To rack one's brains} or {wits}, to exert them to the utmost
for the purpose of accomplishing something.
Syn: To torture; torment; rend; tear.
Rackabones \Rack"a*bones`\, n.
A very lean animal, esp. a horse. [Colloq. U. S.]
Racker \Rack"er\, n.
1. One who racks.
2. A horse that has a racking gait.
Racket \Rack"et\, n. [F. raquette; cf. Sp. raquets, It.
racchetta, which is perhaps for retichetta, and fr. L. rete a
net (cf. {Reticule}); or perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar.
r[=a]ha the palm of the hand (used at first to strike the
ball), and OF. rachette, rasquette, carpus, tarsus.] [Written
also {racquet}.]
1. A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together,
forming a somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network
of catgut or cord is stretched. It is furnished with a
handle, and is used for catching or striking a ball in
tennis and similar games.
Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a
crosier, and ending in a racket. --Bancroft.
2. A variety of the game of tennis played with peculiar
long-handled rackets; -- chiefly in the plural. --Chaucer.
3. A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a long and
narrow frame of light wood. [Canada]
4. A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man horse, to enable
him to step on marshy or soft ground.
{Racket court}, a court for playing the game of rackets.
Racket \Rack"et\, v. t.
To strike with, or as with, a racket.
Poor man [is] racketed from one temptation to another.
--Hewyt.
Racket \Rack"et\, n. [Gael. racaid a noise, disturbance.]
1. confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or sport.
2. A carouse; any reckless dissipation. [Slang]
Racket \Rack"et\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Racketed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Racketing}.]
1. To make a confused noise or racket.
2. To engage in noisy sport; to frolic. --Sterne.
3. To carouse or engage in dissipation. [Slang]
Racketer \Rack"et*er\, n.
One who makes, or engages in, a racket.
Rackett \Rack"ett\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mus.)
An old wind instrument of the double bassoon kind, having
ventages but not keys.
Racket-tall \Rack"et-tall\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus
{Steganura}, having two of the tail feathers very long and
racket-shaped.
Racket-talled \Rack"et-talled`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having long and spatulate, or racket-shaped, tail feathers.
Rackety \Rack"et*y\, a.
Making a tumultuous noise.
Racking \Rack"ing\, n. (Naut.)
Spun yarn used in racking ropes.
Rack-rent \Rack"-rent`\, n.
A rent of the full annual value of the tenement, or near it;
an excessive or unreasonably high rent. --Blackstone.
Rack-rent \Rack"-rent`\, v. t.
To subject to rack-rent, as a farm or tenant.
Rack-renter \Rack"-rent`er\, n.
1. One who is subjected to playing rack-rent.
2. One who exacts rack-rent.
Racktail \Rack"tail`\, n. (Horol.)
An arm attached to a swinging notched arc or rack, to let off
the striking mechanism of a repeating clock.
Rackwork \Rack"work`\, n.
Any mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion.
Racle \Ra"cle\, a.
See {Rakel}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Racleness \Ra"cle*ness\, n.
See {Rakelness}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Raconteur \Ra`con`teur"\, n. [F.]
A relater; a storyteller.
Racoonda \Ra*coon"da\, n. [From a native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The coypu.
Racovian \Ra*co"vi*an\, n. [From Racow.] (Eccl. Hist.)
One of a sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.
Racquet \Rac"quet\, n.
See {Racket}.
Racy \Ra"cy\, a. [Compar. {Racier}; superl. {Raciest}.] [From
{Race} a tribe, family.]
1. Having a strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct
characteristic taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh;
rich.
The racy wine, Late from the mellowing cask restored
to light. --Pope.
2. Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong or
distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and
piquant; fresh and lively.
Our raciest, most idiomatic popular word. --M.
Arnold.
Burn's English, though not so racy as his Scotch, is
generally correct. --H.
Coleridge.
The rich and racy humor of a natural converser fresh
from the plow. --Prof.
Wilson.
Syn: Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant.
Usage: {Racy}, {Spicy}. Racy refers primarily to that
peculiar flavor which certain wines are supposed to
derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown;
and hence we call a style or production racy when it
``smacks of the soil,'' or has an uncommon degree of
natural freshness and distinctiveness of thought and
language. Spicy, when applied, has reference to a
spirit and pungency added by art, seasoning the matter
like a condiment. It does not, like racy, suggest
native peculiarity. A spicy article in a magazine; a
spicy retort. Racy in conversation; a racy remark.
Rich, racy verses, in which we The soil from
which they come, taste, smell, and see.
--Cowley.
Rad \Rad\, obs.
imp. & p. p. of {Read}, {Rede}. --Spenser.
Radde \Rad"de\, obs.
imp. of {Read}, {Rede}. --Chaucer.
Raddle \Rad"dle\, n. [Cf. G. r["a]der, r["a]del, sieve, or
perhaps E. reed.]
1. A long, flexible stick, rod, or branch, which is
interwoven with others, between upright posts or stakes,
in making a kind of hedge or fence.
2. A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called also {raddle
hedge}. --Todd.
3. An instrument consisting of a woodmen bar, with a row of
upright pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep
the warp of a proper width, and prevent tangling when it
is wound upon the beam of the loom.
Raddle \Rad"dle\, v. t.
To interweave or twist together.
Raddling or working it up like basket work. --De Foe.
Raddle \Rad"dle\, n. [Cf. {Ruddle}.]
A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical
processes; ruddle. ``A ruddle of rouge.'' --Thackeray.
Raddle \Rad"dle\, v. t.
To mark or paint with, or as with, raddle. ``Whitened and
raddled old women.'' --Thackeray.
Raddock \Rad"dock\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The ruddock. [Prov. Eng.]
Rade \Rade\, n.
A raid. [Scot.]
Radeau \Ra`deau"\, n. [F.]
A float; a raft.
Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above
Split Rock, and behind it the radeau Thunderer. --W.
Irving.
Radial \Ra"di*al\, a. [Cf. F. radial. See {Radius}.]
Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like,
radii or rays; radiated; as, (Bot.) radial projections;
(Zo["o]l.) radial vessels or canals; (Anat.) the radial
artery.
{Radial symmetry}. (Biol.) See under {Symmetry}.
Radiale \Ra`di*a"le\, n.; pl. {Radialia}. [NL. See {Radial}.]
1. (Anat.) The bone or cartilage of the carpus which
articulates with the radius and corresponds to the
scaphoid bone in man.
2. pl. (Zo["o]l.) Radial plates in the calyx of a crinoid.
Radially \Ra"di*al*ly\, adv.
In a radial manner.
Radian \Ra"di*an\, n. [From {Radius}.] (Math.)
An arc of a circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle
measured by such an arc.
Radiance \Ra"di*ance\, Radiancy \Ra"di*an*cy\, n.
The quality of being radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid
brightness; as, the radiance of the sun.
Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crowned. --Milton.
What radiancy of glory, What light beyond compare !
--Neale.
Syn: Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.
Radiant \Ra"di*ant\, a. [L. radians, -antis, p. pr. of radiare
to emit rays or beams, fr. radius ray: cf. F. radiant. See
{Radius}, {Ray} a divergent line.]
1. Emitting or proceeding as from a center; [U.S.] rays;
radiating; radiate.
2. Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat;
issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness;
emitting a vivid light or splendor; as, the radiant sun.
Mark what radiant state she spreads. --Milton.
3. Beaming with vivacity and happiness; as, a radiant face.
4. (Her.) Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; as, the sun
radiant; a crown radiant.
5. (Bot.) Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal
flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of
the cluster which has such marginal flowers.
{Radiant energy} (Physics), energy given out or transmitted
by radiation, as in the case of light and radiant heat.
{Radiant heat}, proceeding in right lines, or directly from
the heated body, after the manner of light, in distinction
from heat conducted or carried by intervening media.
{Radiant point}. (Astron.) See {Radiant}, n., 3.
Radiant \Ra"di*ant\, n.
1. (Opt.) The luminous point or object from which light
emanates; also, a body radiating light brightly.
2. (Geom.) A straight line proceeding from a given point, or
fixed pole, about which it is conceived to revolve.
3. (Astron.) The point in the heavens at which the apparent
paths of shooting stars meet, when traced backward, or
whence they appear to radiate.
Radiantly \Ra"di*ant*ly\, adv.
In a radiant manner; with glittering splendor.
Radiary \Ra"di*a*ry\, n. [Cf. F. radiaire.] (Zo["o]l.)
A radiate. [Obs.]
Radiata \Ra`di*a"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. radiatus, p. p. See
{Radiate}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all
the parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the
body, and the various organs repeated symmetrically in each
ray or spheromere.
Note: It includes the c[oe]lenterates and the echinoderms.
Formerly, the group was supposed to be a natural one,
and was considered one of the grand divisions of the
animal kingdom.
Radiate \Ra"di*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Radiated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Radiating}.] [L. radiatus, p. p. of radiare to
furnish with spokes or rays, to radiate, fr. radius. See
{Radius}, {Ray} a divergent line.]
1. To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine.
Virtues shine more clear In them [kings], and
radiant like the sun at noon. --Howell.
2. To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to
issue in rays, as light or heat.
Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our
eyes. --Locke.
Radiate \Ra"di*ate\, v. t.
1. To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or
points; as, to radiate heat.
2. To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness
on; to irradiate. [R.]
Radiate \Ra"di*ate\, a. [L. radiatus, p. p.]
1. Having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated;
as, a radiate crystal.
2. (Bot.) Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are
unlike the disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Belonging to the Radiata.
Radiate \Ra"di*ate\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Radiata.
Radiated \Ra"di*a`ted\, a.
1. Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; as,
radiated heat.
2. Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts
or markings diverging, like radii, from a common center or
axis; as, a radiated structure; a radiated group of
crystals.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Belonging to the Radiata.
Radiately \Ra"di*ate*ly\, adv.
In a radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a
center.
Radi-ate-veined \Ra"di-ate-veined`\, a. (Bot.)
Having the principal veins radiating, or diverging, from the
apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves as those of the
grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil plant.
Radiatiform \Ra`di*at"i*form\, a. (Bot.)
Having the marginal florets enlarged and radiating but not
ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the cornflower,
--Gray.
Radiation \Ra`di*a"tion\, n. [L. radiatio: cf. F. radiation.]
1. The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated;
emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.
2. The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface,
like the diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of
heat.
Radiative \Ra"di*a*tive\, a.
Capable of radiating; acting by radiation. --Tyndall.
Radiator \Ra"di*a`tor\, n.
That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat;
especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the
heat is radiated or diffused; as, a steam radiator.
Radical \Rad"i*cal\, a. [F., fr. L. radicalis having roots, fr.
radix, -icis, a root. See {Radix}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the
root.
2. Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to
the center, to the foundation to the ultimate sources to
the principles, or the like: original; fundamental;
thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils;
radical reform; a radical party.
The most determined exertions of that authority,
against them, only showed their radical
independence. --Burke.
3. (Bot.)
(a) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant;
as, radical tubers or hairs.
(b) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not
rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the
dandelion and the sidesaddle flower.
4. (Philol.) Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate
source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form.
5. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical
quantity; a radical sign. See below.
{Radical axis of two circles}. (Geom.) See under {Axis}.
{Radical pitch}, the pitch or tone with which the utterance
of a syllable begins. --Rush.
{Radical quantity} (Alg.), a quantity to which the radical
sign is prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a
perfect power of the degree indicated by the radical sign;
a surd.
{Radical sign} (Math.), the sign [root] (originally the
letter r, the initial of radix, root), placed before any
quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted; thus,
[root]a, or [root](a + b). To indicate any other than the
square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the
sign; thus [cuberoot]a, indicates the third or cube root
of a.
{Radical stress} (Elocution), force of utterance falling on
the initial part of a syllable or sound.
{Radical vessels} (Anat.), minute vessels which originate in
the substance of the tissues.
Syn: Primitive; original; natural; underived; fundamental;
entire.
Usage: {Radical}, {Entire}. These words are frequently
employed as interchangeable in describing some marked
alternation in the condition of things. There is,
however, an obvious difference between them. A radical
cure, reform, etc., is one which goes to the root of
the thing in question; and it is entire, in the sense
that, by affecting the root, it affects in a
appropriate degree the entire body nourished by the
root; but it may not be entire in the sense of making
a change complete in its nature, as well as in its
extent. Hence, we speak of a radical change; a radical
improvement; radical differences of opinion; while an
entire change, an entire improvement, an entire
difference of opinion, might indicate more than was
actually intended. A certain change may be both
radical and entire, in every sense.
Radical \Rad"i*cal\, n.
1. (Philol.)
(a) A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived,
uncompounded word; an etymon.
(b) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the
radix.
The words we at present make use of, and
understand only by common agreement, assume a
new air and life in the understanding, when you
trace them to their radicals, where you find
every word strongly stamped with nature; full of
energy, meaning, character, painting, and
poetry. --Cleland.
2. (Politics) One who advocates radical changes in government
or social institutions, especially such changes as are
intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to
conservative.
In politics they [the Independents] were, to use
phrase of their own time. ``Root-and-Branch men,''
or, to use the kindred phrase of our own, Radicals.
--Macaulay.
3. (Chem.)
(a) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental
constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an
atom.
As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic
radicals, while the nonmetallic atoms are acid
radicals. --J. P. Cooke.
(b) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not
completely saturated, which are so linked that their
union implies certain properties, and are conveniently
regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a
residue; -- called also a {compound radical}. Cf.
{Residue}.
4. (Alg.) A radical quantity. See under {Radical}, a.
An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree
indicated is not a radical but a rational quantity
under a radical form. --Davies &
Peck (Math.
Dict.)
5. (Anat.) A radical vessel. See under {Radical}, a.
Radicalism \Rad"i*cal*ism\, n. [Cf. F. radicalisme.]
The quality or state of being radical; specifically, the
doctrines or principles of radicals in politics or social
reform.
Radicalism means root work; the uprooting of all
falsehoods and abuses. --F. W.
Robertson.
Radicality \Rad`i*cal"i*ty\, n.
1. Germinal principle; source; origination. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
2. Radicalness; relation to root in essential to a root in
essential nature or principle.
Radically \Rad"i*cal*ly\, adv.
1. In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root;
fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically wrong or
defective.
2. Without derivation; primitively; essentially. [R.]
These great orbs thus radically bright. --Prior.
Radicalness \Rad"i*cal*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being radical.
Radicant \Rad"i*cant\, a. [L. radicans, p. pr.: cf. F. radicant.
See {Radicate}, a.] (Bot.)
Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem,
as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.
Radicate \Rad"i*cate\, a. [L. radicatus, p. p. of radicari to
take root, fr. radix. See {Radix}.]
Radicated.
Radicate \Rad"i*cate\, v. i.
To take root; to become rooted. --Evelyn.
Radicate \Rad"i*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Radicated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Radicating}.]
To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root.
Time should . . . rather confirm and radicate in us the
remembrance of God's goodness. --Barrow.
Radicated \Rad"i*ca`ted\, a.
Rooted; specifically:
(a) (Bot.) Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) Having rootlike organs for attachment.
Radication \Rad`i*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. radication.]
1. The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; as,
the radication of habits.
2. (Bot.) The disposition of the roots of a plant.
Radicel \Rad"i*cel\, n. [Dim. of radix.] (Bot.)
A small branch of a root; a rootlet.
Radiciflorous \Ra*dic`i*flo"rous\, a. [L. radix, -icis, root +
flos, floris, a flower.] (Bot.)
Rhizanthous.
Radiciform \Ra*dic"i*form\, a. (Bot.)
Having the nature or appearance of a radix or root.
Radicle \Rad"i*cle\, n. [L. radicula, dim. of radix, -icis,
root: cf. F. radicule. See {Radix}.] (Bot.)
(a) The rudimentary stem of a plant which supports the
cotyledons in the seed, and from which the root is
developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the caulicle.
(b) A rootlet; a radicel.
Radicular \Ra*dic"u*lar\, a.
Of or performance to roots, or the root of a plant.
Radicule \Rad"i*cule\, n.
A radicle.
Radiculose \Ra*dic"u*lose`\, a. (Bot.)
Producing numerous radicles, or rootlets.
Radii \Ra"di*i\, n.,
pl. of {Radius}.
Radio- \Ra"di*o-\
A combining form indicating connection with, or relation to,
a radius or ray; specifically (Anat.), with the radius of the
forearm; as, radio-ulnar, radiomuscular, radiocarpal.
Radio-flagellata \Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta\, n. pl. [NL. See
{Radiate}, and {Flagellata}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.
Radiograph \Ra"di*o*graph\, n. [Radio- + -graph.] (Phys.)
A picture produced by the R["o]ntgen rays upon a sensitive
surface, photographic or fluorescent, especially a picture of
opaque objects traversed by the rays.
Radiolaria \Ra`di*o*la"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Radioli}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or
shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia
project from the body like rays. It includes the
polycystines. See {Polycystina}.
Radiolarian \Ra`di*o*la"ri*an\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Radiolaria. -- n. One of the
Radiolaria.
Radioli \Ra*di"o*li\, n. pl.; sing. {Radiolus}. [NL., dim. of L.
radius radius: cf. L. radiolus a feeble sunbeam.] (Zo["o]l.)
The barbs of the radii of a feather; barbules.
Radiolite \Ra"di*o*lite\, n. [L. radius ray + -lite: cf. F.
radiolithe.] (Paleon.)
A hippurite.
Radiometer \Ra`di*om"e*ter\, n. [L. radius radius + -meter: cf.
F. radiom[`e]tre.]
1. (Naut.) A forestaff.
2. (Physics) An instrument designed for measuring the
mechanical effect of radiant energy.
Note: It consists of a number of light discs, blackened on
one side, placed at the ends of extended arms,
supported on an a pivot in an exhausted glass vessel.
When exposed to rays of light or heat, the arms rotate.
Radiomicrometer \Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter\, n. [Radio- +
micrometer.] (Physics)
A very sensitive modification or application of the
thermopile, used for indicating minute changes of radiant
heat, or temperature.
Radiophone \Ra"di*o*phone\, [Radio- + Gr. ? sound.] (Physics)
An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of
luminous or thermal rays. It is essentially the same as the
photophone.
Radiophony \Ra`di*oph"o*ny\, n. (Physics)
The art or practice of using the radiophone.
Radious \Ra"di*ous\, a. [L. radiosus.]
1. Consisting of rays, and light. [R.] --Berkeley.
2. Radiating; radiant. [Obs.] --G. Fletcher.
Radish \Rad"ish\, n. [F. radis; cf. It. radice, Pr. raditz: all
fr. L. radix, -icis, a root, an edible root, especially a
radish, akin to E. wort. See {Wort}, and cf. {Eradicate},
{Race} a root, {Radix}.] (Bot.)
The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant
({Paphanus sativus}); also, the whole plant.
{Radish fly} (Zo["o]l.), a small two-winged fly ({Anthomyia
raphani}) whose larv[ae] burrow in radishes. It resembles
the onion fly.
{Rat-tailed radish} (Bot.), an herb ({Raphanus caudatus})
having a long, slender pod, which is sometimes eaten.
{Wild radish} (Bot.), the jointed charlock.
Radius \Ra"di*us\, n.; pl. L. {Radii}; E. {Radiuses}. [L., a
staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, radius, ray. See {Ray} a
divergent line.]
1. (Geom.) A right line drawn or extending from the center of
a circle to the periphery; the semidiameter of a circle or
sphere.
2. (Anat.) The preaxial bone of the forearm, or brachium,
corresponding to the tibia of the hind limb. See Illust.
of {Artiodactyla}.
Note: The radius is on the same side of the limb as the
thumb, or pollex, and in man it so articulated that its
lower end is capable of partial rotation about the
ulna.
3. (Bot.) A ray, or outer floret, of the capitulum of such
plants as the sunflower and the daisy. See {Ray}, 2.
4. pl. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The barbs of a perfect feather.
(b) Radiating organs, or color-markings, of the radiates.
5. The movable limb of a sextant or other angular instrument.
--Knight.
{Radius bar} (Math.), a bar pivoted at one end, about which
it swings, and having its other end attached to a piece
which it causes to move in a circular arc.
{Radius of curvature}. See under {Curvature}.
Radius vector \Ra"di*us vec"tor\
1. (Math.) A straight line (or the length of such line)
connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point,
or pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which
it serves to refer the successive points of a curve, in a
system of polar co["o]rdinates. See {Co["o]rdinate}, n.
2. (Astron.) An ideal straight line joining the center of an
attracting body with that of a body describing an orbit
around it, as a line joining the sun and a planet or
comet, or a planet and its satellite.
Radix \Ra"dix\, n.; pl. {Radices}, E. {Radixes}. [L. radix,
-icis, root. See {Radish}.]
1. (Philol.) A primitive, from which spring other words; a
radical; a root; an etymon.
2. (Math.)
(a) A number or quantity which is arbitrarily made the
fundamental number of any system; a base. Thus, 10 is
the radix, or base, of the common system of
logarithms, and also of the decimal system of
numeration.
(b) (Alg.) A finite expression, from which a series is
derived. [R.] --Hutton.
3. (Bot.) The root of a plant.
Radula \Rad"u*la\, n.; pl. {Radul[ae]}. [L., a scraper, fr.
radere to scrape.] (Zo["o]l.)
The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; -- called
also {lingual ribbon}, and {tongue}. See {Odontophore}.
Raduliform \Ra*du"li*form\, a. [L. radula a scraper + -form.]
Rasplike; as, raduliform teeth.
Raff \Raff\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Raffed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Raffing}.] [OF. raffer, of German origin; cf. G. raffen;
akin to E. rap to snatch. See {Rap}, and cf. {Riffraff},
{Rip} to tear.]
To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a
promiscuous sweep. [Obs.]
Causes and effects which I thus raff up together.
--Carew.
Raff \Raff\, n.
1. A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber;
refuse. ``A raff of errors.'' --Barrow.
2. The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob; -- chiefly
used in the compound or duplicate, riffraff.
3. A low fellow; a churl.
{Raff merchant}, a dealer in lumber and odd refuse. [Prov.
Eng.]
Raffaelesque \Raf`fa*el*esque"\, a.
Raphaelesque.
Raffia \Raf"fi*a\, n. (Bot.)
A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from
the leaves of a palm tree of the genus {Raphia}. --J. Smith
(Dict. Econ. Plants).
Raffinose \Raf"fi*nose`\, n. [F. raffiner to refine.] (Chem.)
A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained
from the molasses of the sugar beet.
Raffish \Raff"ish\, a.
Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a raff;
worthless; low.
A sad, raffish, disreputable character. --Thackeray.
Raffle \Raf"fle\, n. [F. rafle; faire rafle to sweep stakes, fr.
rafter to carry or sweep away, rafler tout to sweep stakes;
of German origin; cf. G. raffeln to snatch up, to rake. See
{Raff}, v.]
1. A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay, in
shares, the value of something put up as a stake, and then
determine by chance (as by casting dice) which one of them
shall become the sole possessor.
2. A game of dice in which he who threw three alike won all
the stakes. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
Raffle \Raf"fle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Raffled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Raffling}.]
To engage in a raffle; as, to raffle for a watch.
Raffle \Raf"fle\, v. t.
To dispose of by means of a raffle; -- often followed by off;
as, to raffle off a horse.
Raffler \Raf"fler\, n.
One who raffles.
Rafflesia \Raf*fle"si*a\, n. [NL. Named from its discoverer, Sir
S. Raffle?.] (Bot.)
A genus of stemless, leafless plants, living parasitically
upon the roots and stems of grapevines in Malaysia. The
flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very large, in one
species ({Rafflesia Arnoldi}) having a diameter of two or
three feet.
Raft \Raft\, obs.
imp. & p. p. of {Reave}. --Spenser.
Raft \Raft\, n. [Originally, a rafter, spar, and fr. Icel. raptr
a rafter; akin to Dan. raft, Prov. G. raff a rafter, spar;
cf. OHG. r[=a]fo, r[=a]vo, a beam, rafter, Icel. r[=a]f roof.
Cf. {Rafter}, n.]
1. A collection of logs, boards, pieces of timber, or the
like, fastened, together, either for their own collective
conveyance on the water, or to serve as a support in
conveying other things; a float.
2. A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is
formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which
obstructs navigation. [U.S.]
3. [Perhaps akin to raff a heap.] A large collection of
people or things taken indiscriminately. [Slang, U. S.]
``A whole raft of folks.'' --W. D. Howells.
{Raft bridge}.
(a) A bridge whose points of support are rafts.
(b) A bridge that consists of floating timbers fastened
together.
{Raft duck}. [The name alludes to its swimming in dense
flocks.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also
{flock duck}. See {Scaup}.
(b) The redhead.
{Raft port} (Naut.), a large, square port in a vessel's side
for loading or unloading timber or other bulky articles; a
timber or lumber port.
Raft \Raft\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rafted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rafting}.]
To transport on a raft, or in the form of a raft; to make
into a raft; as, to raft timber.
Rafte \Raf"te\, obs.
imp. of {Reave}. --Chaucer.
Rafter \Raft"er\, n.
A raftsman.
Rafter \Raft"er\, n. [AS. r[ae]fter; akin to E. raft, n. See
{Raft}.] (Arch.)
Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy piece of timber.
Now, commonly, one of the timbers of a roof which are put on
sloping, according to the inclination of the roof. See
Illust. of {Queen-post}.
[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds, With
smoky rafters, than in tapestry halls. --Milton.
Rafter \Raft"er\, v. t.
1. To make into rafters, as timber.
2. To furnish with rafters, as a house.
3. (Agric.) To plow so as to turn the grass side of each
furrow upon an unplowed ridge; to ridge. [Eng.]
Rafting \Raft"ing\, n.
The business of making or managing rafts.
Raftsman \Rafts"man\, n.; pl. {Raftsmen}.
A man engaged in rafting.
Rafty \Raf"ty\, a. [Perhaps akin to G. reif hoarfrost.]
Damp; musty. [Prov. Eng.]
Rag \Rag\, v. t. [Cf. Icel. r[ae]gja to calumniate, OHG, ruogen
to accuse, G. r["u]gen to censure, AS. wr[=e]gan, Goth.
wr[=o]hjan to accuse.]
To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to
banter. [Prov. Eng.] --Pegge.
Rag \Rag\, n. [OE. ragge, probably of Scand, origin; cf. Icel.
r["o]gg rough hair. Cf. {Rug}, n.]
1. A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a
shred; a tatter; a fragment.
Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers,
tossed, And fluttered into rags. --Milton.
Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover
the shame of their cruelty. --Fuller.
2. pl. Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress.
And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm.
--Dryden.
3. A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.
The other zealous rag is the compositor. --B.
Jonson.
Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag
and rag. --Spenser.
4. (Geol.) A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in
texture.
5. (Metal Working) A ragged edge.
6. A sail, or any piece of canvas. [Nautical Slang]
Our ship was a clipper with every rag set. --Lowell.
{Rag bolt}, an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it
in place.
{Rag carpet}, a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow
of cloth sewed together, end to end.
{Rag dust}, fine particles of ground-up rags, used in making
papier-mach['e] and wall papers.
{Rag wheel}.
(a) A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel.
(b) A polishing wheel made of disks of cloth clamped
together on a mandrel.
{Rag wool}, wool obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine
bits, shoddy.
Rag \Rag\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ragged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ragging}.]
To become tattered. [Obs.]
Rag \Rag\, v. t.
1. To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.
2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.
Ragabash \Rag"a*bash`\, Ragabrash \Rag"a*brash`\, n.
An idle, ragged person. --Nares. Grose.
Ragamuffin \Rag`a*muf"fin\, n. [Cf. Ragamofin, the name of a
demon in some of the old mysteries.]
1. A paltry or disreputable fellow; a mean which. --Dryden.
2. A person who wears ragged clothing. [Colloq.]
3. (Zo["o]l.) The long-tailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Rage \Rage\, n. [F., fr. L. rabies, fr. rabere to rave; cf. Skr.
rabh to seize, rabhas violence. Cf. {Rabid}, {Rabies},
{Rave}.]
1. Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme vehemence of
desire, emotion, or suffering, mastering the will. ``In
great rage of pain.'' --Bacon.
He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of
broken meat. --Macaulay.
Convulsed with a rage of grief. --Hawthorne.
2. Especially, anger accompanied with raving; overmastering
wrath; violent anger; fury.
torment, and loud lament, and furious rage.
--Milton.
3. A violent or raging wind. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
4. The subject of eager desire; that which is sought after,
or prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive passion; as,
to be all the rage.
Syn: Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See
{Anger}.
Rage \Rage\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Raged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Raging}.] [OF. ragier. See {Rage}, n.]
1. To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be
violently agitated with passion. ``Whereat he inly
raged.'' --Milton.
When one so great begins to rage, he a hunted Even
to falling. --Shak.
2. To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently driven or
agitated; to act or move furiously; as, the raging sea or
winds.
Why do the heathen rage ? --Ps. ii. 1.
The madding wheels Of brazen chariots raged; dire
was the noise. --Milton.
3. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with
destruction or fatal effect; as, the plague raged in
Cairo.
4. To toy or act wantonly; to sport. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Syn: To storm; fret; chafe; fume.
Rage \Rage\, v. t.
To enrage. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rageful \Rage"ful\, a.
Full of rage; expressing rage. [Obs.] ``Rageful eyes.'' --Sir
P. Sidney.
Ragery \Ra"ger*y\, n.
Wantonness. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ragged \Rag"ged\, a. [From {Rag}, n.]
1. Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken;
as, a ragged coat; a ragged sail.
2. Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough;
jagged; as, ragged rocks.
3. Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant. [R.]
``A ragged noise of mirth.'' --Herbert.
4. Wearing tattered clothes; as, a ragged fellow.
5. Rough; shaggy; rugged.
What shepherd owns those ragged sheep ? --Dryden.
{Ragged lady} (Bot.), the fennel flower ({Nigella
Damascena}).
{Ragged robin} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Lychnis} ({L.
Flos-cuculi}), cultivated for its handsome flowers, which
have the petals cut into narrow lobes.
{Ragged sailor} (Bot.), prince's feather ({Polygonum
orientale}).
{Ragged school}, a free school for poor children, where they
are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first
because they came in their common clothing. [Eng.] --
{Rag"ged*ly}, adv. -- {Rag"ged*ness}, n.
Raggie \Rag"gie\, or Raggy \Rag"gy\, a.
Ragged; rough. [Obs.] ``A stony and raggie hill.'' --Holland.
Raghuvansa \Ragh`u*van"sa\, n. [Skr. Raguva[.m][,c]a.]
A celebrated Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu
dynasty.
Raging \Ra"ging\,
a. & n. from {Rage}, v. i. -- {Ra"*ging*ly}, adv.
Ragious \Ra"gious\, a.
Raging; furious; rageful. [Obs.] -- {Ra"gious*ness}, n.
[Obs.]
Raglan \Rag"lan\, n.
A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord
Raglan, an English general.
Ragman \Rag"man\, n.; pl. {Ragmen}.
A man who collects, or deals in, rags.
Ragman \Rag"man\, n. [See {Ragman's roll}.]
A document having many names or numerous seals, as a papal
bull. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Ragman's roll \Rag"man's roll`\ [For ragman roll a long list of
names, the devil's roll or list; where ragman is of Scand.
origin; cf. Icel. ragmenni a craven person, Sw. raggen the
devil. Icel. ragmenni is fr. ragr cowardly (another form of
argr, akin to AS. earg cowardly, vile, G. arg bad) + menni
(in comp.) man, akin to E. man. See {Roll}, and cf.
{Rigmarole}.]
The rolls of deeds on parchment in which the Scottish
nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of
England, A. D. 1296. [Also written {ragman-roll}.]
Ragout \Ra*gout"\ (r[.a]*g[=oo]"), n. [F. rago[^u]t, fr.
rago[^u]ter to restore one's appetite, fr. L. pref. re- re- +
ad to + gustare to taste, gustus taste. See {Gust} relish.]
A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and highly seasoned;
as, a ragout of mutton.
Ragpicker \Rag"pick`er\, n.
One who gets a living by picking up rags and refuse things in
the streets.
Raguled \Ra*guled"\, Ragguled \Rag*guled"\, a. [Cf. F. raguer to
chafe, fret, rub, or E. rag.] (Her.)
Notched in regular diagonal breaks; -- said of a line, or a
bearing having such an edge.
Ragweed \Rag"weed\, n. (Bot.)
A common American composite weed ({Ambrosia
artemisi[ae]folia}) with finely divided leaves; hogweed.
{Great ragweed}, a coarse American herb ({Ambrosia trifida}),
with rough three-lobed opposite leaves.
Ragwork \Rag"work`\, n. (Masonry)
A kind of rubblework. In the United States, any rubblework of
thin and small stones.
Ragwort \Rag"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A name given to several species of the composite genus
{Senecio}.
Note: {Senecio aureus} is the golden ragwort of the United
States: {S. elegans} is the purple ragwort of South
Africa.
Raia \Ra"ia\, n. [L., a ray. Cf. {Ray} the fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of rays which includes the skates. See {Skate}.
Raiae \Ra"i[ae]\, n. pl. [NL. See {Raia}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The order of elasmobranch fishes which includes the
sawfishes, skates, and rays; -- called also {Raj[ae]}, and
{Rajii}.
Raid \Raid\, n. [Icel. rei[eth] a riding, raid; akin to E. road.
See {Road} a way.]
1. A hostile or predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion
of mounted men; a sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry
force; a foray.
Marauding chief! his sole delight. The moonlight
raid, the morning fight. --Sir W.
Scott.
There are permanent conquests, temporary occupation,
and occasional raids. --H. Spenser.
Note: A Scottish word which came into common use in the
United States during the Civil War, and was soon
extended in its application.
2. An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests,
seizing property, or plundering; as, a raid of the police
upon a gambling house; a raid of contractors on the public
treasury. [Colloq. U. S.]
Raid \Raid\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Raided}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Raiding}.]
To make a raid upon or into; as, two regiments raided the
border counties.
Raider \Raid"er\, n.
One who engages in a raid. [U.S.]
Rail \Rail\, n. [OE. reil, re[yogh]el, AS. hr[ae]gel, hr[ae]gl a
garment; akin to OHG. hregil, OFries. hreil.]
An outer cloak or covering; a neckerchief for women.
--Fairholt.
Rail \Rail\, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To flow forth; to roll out; to course. [Obs.]
Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth railing.
--Spenser.
Rail \Rail\, n. [Akin to LG. & Sw. regel bar, bolt, G. riegel a
rail, bar, or bolt, OHG, rigil, rigel, bar, bolt, and
possibly to E. row a line.]
1. A bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so,
extending from one post or support to another, as in
fences, balustrades, staircases, etc.
2. (Arch.) A horizontal piece in a frame or paneling. See
Illust. of {Style}.
3. (Railroad) A bar of steel or iron, forming part of the
track on which the wheels roll. It is usually shaped with
reference to vertical strength, and is held in place by
chairs, splices, etc.
4. (Naut.)
(a) The stout, narrow plank that forms the top of the
bulwarks.
(b) The light, fencelike structures of wood or metal at
the break of the deck, and elsewhere where such
protection is needed.
{Rail fence}. See under {Fence}.
{Rail guard}.
(a) A device attached to the front of a locomotive on each
side for clearing the rail obstructions.
(b) A guard rail. See under {Guard}.
{Rail joint} (Railroad), a splice connecting the adjacent
ends of rails, in distinction from a chair, which is
merely a seat. The two devices are sometimes united. Among
several hundred varieties, the fish joint is standard. See
{Fish joint}, under {Fish}.
{Rail train} (Iron & Steel Manuf.), a train of rolls in a
rolling mill, for making rails for railroads from blooms
or billets.
Rail \Rail\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Railed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Railing}.]
1. To inclose with rails or a railing.
It ought to be fenced in and railed. --Ayliffe.
2. To range in a line. [Obs.]
They were brought to London all railed in ropes,
like a team of horses in a cart. --Bacon.
Rail \Rail\, n. [F. r[^a]le, fr. r[^a]ler to have a rattling in
the throat; of German origin, and akin to E. rattle. See
{Rattle}, v.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds of the family
{Rallid[ae]}, especially those of the genus {Rallus}, and of
closely allied genera. They are prized as game birds.
Note: The common European water rail ({Rallus aquaticus}) is
called also {bilcock}, {skitty coot}, and {brook
runner}. The best known American species are the
clapper rail, or salt-marsh hen ({Rallus lonqirostris},
var. {crepitans}); the king, or red-breasted, rail ({R.
elegans}) (called also {fresh-water marshhen}); the
lesser clapper, or Virginia, rail ({R. Virginianus});
and the Carolina, or sora, rail ({Porzana Carolina}).
See {Sora}.
{Land rail} (Zo["o]l.), the corncrake.
Rail \Rail\, v. i. [F. railler; cf. Sp. rallar to grate, scrape,
molest; perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. radiculare, fr. L. radere
to scrape, grate. Cf. {Rally} to banter, {Rase}.]
To use insolent and reproachful language; to utter
reproaches; to scoff; followed by at or against, formerly by
on. --Shak.
And rail at arts he did not understand. --Dryden.
Lesbia forever on me rails. --Swift.
Rail \Rail\, v. t.
1. To rail at. [Obs.] --Feltham.
2. To move or influence by railing. [R.]
Rail the seal from off my bond. --Shak.
Railer \Rail"er\, n.
One who rails; one who scoffs, insults, censures, or
reproaches with opprobrious language.
Railing \Rail"ing\, a.
Expressing reproach; insulting.
Angels which are greater in power and might, bring not
railing accusation against them. --2 Pet. ii.
11.
Railing \Rail"ing\, n.
1. A barrier made of a rail or of rails.
2. Rails in general; also, material for making rails.
Railingly \Rail"ing*ly\, adv.
With scoffing or insulting language.
Raillery \Rail"ler*y\ (r[a^]l"l[~e]r*[y^] or r[=a]l"-; 277), n.
[F. raillerie, fr. railler. See {Rail} to scoff.]
Pleasantry or slight satire; banter; jesting language;
satirical merriment.
Let raillery be without malice or heat. --B. Jonson.
Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of
them is sufficient to turn them into raillery.
--Addison.
Railleur \Rail`leur"\, n. [F.]
A banterer; a jester; a mocker. [R.] --Wycherley.
Railroad \Rail"road`\, Railway \Rail"way`\, n.
1. A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of
iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks
for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a
bed or substructure.
Note: The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of
the older tramway.
2. The road, track, etc., with al the lands, buildings,
rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them and
constituting one property; as, certain railroad has been
put into the hands of a receiver.
Note: Railway is the commoner word in England; railroad the
commoner word in the United States.
Note: In the following and similar phrases railroad and
railway are used interchangeably:
{Atmospheric railway}, {Elevated railway}, etc. See under
{Atmospheric}, {Elevated}, etc.
{Cable railway}. See {Cable road}, under {Cable}.
{Perry railway}, a submerged track on which an elevated
platform runs, fro carrying a train of cars across a water
course.
{Gravity railway}, a railway, in a hilly country, on which
the cars run by gravity down gentle slopes for long
distances after having been hauled up steep inclines to an
elevated point by stationary engines.
{Railway brake}, a brake used in stopping railway cars or
locomotives.
{Railway car}, a large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels
fitted for running on a railway. [U.S.]
{Railway carriage}, a railway passenger car. [Eng.]
{Railway scale}, a platform scale bearing a track which forms
part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded cars.
{Railway slide}. See {Transfer table}, under {Transfer}.
{Railway spine} (Med.), an abnormal condition due to severe
concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad
accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other
disturbances of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain
in the back, impairment of general health, and cerebral
disturbance, -- the symptoms often not developing till
some months after the injury.
{Underground railroad} or {railway}.
(a) A railroad or railway running through a tunnel, as
beneath the streets of a city.
(b) Formerly, a system of co["o]peration among certain
active antislavery people in the United States, by
which fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach
Canada.
Note: [In the latter sense railroad, and not railway, was
used.] ``Their house was a principal entrep[^o]t of the
underground railroad.'' --W. D. Howells.
Railroading \Rail"road`ing\, n.
The construction of a railroad; the business of managing or
operating a railroad. [Colloq. U. S.]
Raiment \Rai"ment\, n. [Abbrev. fr. arraiment. See {Array}.]
1. Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually
singular in form, with a collective sense.
Living, both food and raiment she supplies.
--Dryden.
2. An article of dress. [R. or Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Rain \Rain\, n. & v.
Reign. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Rain \Rain\, n. [OF. rein, AS. regen; akin to OFries. rein, D. &
G. regen, OS. & OHG. regan, Icel., Dan., & Sw. regn, Goth.
rign, and prob. to L. rigare to water, to wet; cf. Gr. ? to
wet, to rain.]
Water falling in drops from the clouds; the descent of water
from the clouds in drops.
Rain is water by the heat of the sun divided into very
small parts ascending in the air, till, encountering
the cold, it be condensed into clouds, and descends in
drops. --Ray.
Fair days have oft contracted wind and rain. --Milton.
Note: Rain is distinguished from mist by the size of the
drops, which are distinctly visible. When water falls
in very small drops or particles, it is called mist;
and fog is composed of particles so fine as to be not
only individually indistinguishable, but to float or be
suspended in the air. See {Fog}, and {Mist}.
{Rain band} (Meteorol.), a dark band in the yellow portion of
the solar spectrum near the sodium line, caused by the
presence of watery vapor in the atmosphere, and hence
sometimes used in weather predictions.
{Rain bird} (Zo["o]l.), the yaffle, or green woodpecker.
[Prov. Eng.] The name is also applied to various other
birds, as to {Saurothera vetula} of the West Indies.
{Rain fowl} (Zo["o]l.), the channel-bill cuckoo ({Scythrops
Nov[ae]-Hollandi[ae]}) of Australia.
{Rain gauge}, an instrument of various forms measuring the
quantity of rain that falls at any given place in a given
time; a pluviometer; an ombrometer.
{Rain goose} (Zo["o]l.), the red-throated diver, or loon.
[Prov. Eng.]
{Rain prints} (Geol.), markings on the surfaces of stratified
rocks, presenting an appearance similar to those made by
rain on mud and sand, and believed to have been so
produced.
{Rain quail}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Quail}, n., 1.
{Rain water}, water that has fallen from the clouds in rain.
Rain \Rain\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rained}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Raining}.] [AS. regnian, akin to G. regnen, Goth. rignjan.
See {Rain}, n.]
1. To fall in drops from the clouds, as water; used mostly
with it for a nominative; as, it rains.
The rain it raineth every day. --Shak.
2. To fall or drop like water from the clouds; as, tears
rained from their eyes.
Rain \Rain\, v. t.
1. To pour or shower down from above, like rain from the
clouds.
Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will rain
bread from heaven for you. --Ex. xvi. 4.
2. To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner; as, to rain
favors upon a person.
Rainbow \Rain"bow`\, n. [AS. regenboga, akin to G. regenbogen.
See {Rain}, and {Bow} anything bent,]
A bow or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the several
colors of the spectrum, and formed in the part of the
hemisphere opposite to the sun by the refraction and
reflection of the sun's rays in drops of falling rain.
Note: Besides the ordinary bow, called also primary rainbow,
which is formed by two refractions and one reflection,
there is also another often seen exterior to it, called
the secondary rainbow, concentric with the first, and
separated from it by a small interval. It is formed by
two refractions and two reflections, is much fainter
than the primary bow, and has its colors arranged in
the reverse order from those of the latter.
{Lunar rainbow}, a fainter arch or rainbow, formed by the
moon.
{Marine rainbow}, or {Sea bow}, a similar bow seen in the
spray of waves at sea.
{Rainbow trout} (Zo["o]l.), a bright-colored trout
({Salmoirideus}), native of the mountains of California,
but now extensively introduced into the Eastern States.
Japan, and other countries; -- called also {brook trout},
{mountain trout}, and {golden trout}.
{Rainbow wrasse}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Wrasse}.
{Supernumerary rainbow}, a smaller bow, usually of red and
green colors only, sometimes seen within the primary or
without the secondary rainbow, and in contact with them.
Rainbowed \Rain"bowed`\, a.
Formed with or like a rainbow.
Raindeer \Rain"deer`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Reindeer}. [Obs.]
Raindrop \Rain"drop`\, n.
A drop of rain.
Rainfall \Rain"fall`\, n.
A fall or descent of rain; the water, or amount of water,
that falls in rain; as, the average annual rainfall of a
region.
Supplied by the rainfall of the outer ranges of Sinchul
and Singaleleh. --Hooker.
Raininess \Rain"i*ness\, n.
The state of being rainy.
Rainless \Rain"less\, a.
Destitute of rain; as, a rainless region.
Rain-tight \Rain"-tight`\, a.
So tight as to exclude rain as, a rain-tight roof.
Rainy \Rain"y\, a. [AS. regenig.]
Abounding with rain; wet; showery; as, rainy day or season.
Raip \Raip\, n. [Cf. Icel. reip rope. Cf. {Rope}.]
A rope; also, a measure equal to a rod. [Scot.]
Rais \Rais\, n.
Same as 2d {Reis}.
Raisable \Rais"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being raised.
Raise \Raise\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Raised}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Raising}.] [OE. reisen, Icel. reisa, causative of r[=i]sa to
rise. See {Rise}, and cf. {Rear} to raise.]
1. To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a higher place;
to lift upward; to elevate; to heave; as, to raise a stone
or weight. Hence, figuratively:
(a) To bring to a higher condition or situation; to
elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase
the value or estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to
advance; to enhance; as, to raise from a low estate;
to raise to office; to raise the price, and the like.
This gentleman came to be raised to great
titles. --Clarendon.
The plate pieces of eight were raised three
pence in the piece. --Sir W.
Temple.
(b) To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence of; to
excite; to intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; as,
to raise the pulse; to raise the voice; to raise the
spirits or the courage; to raise the heat of a
furnace.
(c) To elevate in degree according to some scale; as, to
raise the pitch of the voice; to raise the temperature
of a room.
2. To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position or
posture; to set up; to make upright; as, to raise a mast
or flagstaff. Hence:
(a) To cause to spring up from recumbent position, from a
state of quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse.
They shall not awake, nor be raised out of their
sleep. --Job xiv. 12.
(b) To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to tumult,
struggle, or war; to excite.
He commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind.
--Ps. cvii.
25.
[AE]neas . . . employs his pains, In parts
remote, to raise the Tuscan swains. --Dryden.
(c) To bring up from the lower world; to call up, as a
spirit from the world of spirits; to recall from
death; to give life to.
Why should it be thought a thing incredible with
you, that God should raise the dead ? --Acts
xxvi. 8.
3. To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being or to
appear; to give to; to originate, produce, cause, effect,
or the like. Hence, specifically:
(a) To form by the accumulation of materials or
constituent parts; to build up; to erect; as, to raise
a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of stones.
I will raise forts against thee. --Isa. xxxix.
3.
(b) To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get
together or obtain for use or service; as, to raise
money, troops, and the like. ``To raise up a rent.''
--Chaucer.
(c) To cause to grow; to procure to be produced, bred, or
propagated; to grow; as, to raise corn, barley, hops,
etc.; toraise cattle. ``He raised sheep.'' ``He raised
wheat where none grew before.'' --Johnson's Dict.
Note: In some parts of the United States, notably in the
Southern States, raise in also commonly applied to the
rearing or bringing up of children.
I was raised, as they say in Virginia, among the
mountains of the North. --Paulding.
(d) To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise,
come forth, or appear; -- often with up.
I will raise them up a prophet from among their
brethren, like unto thee. --Deut. xviii.
18.
God vouchsafes to raise another world From him
[Noah], and all his anger to forget. --Milton.
(e) To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to start;
to originate; as, to raise a smile or a blush.
Thou shalt not raise a false report. --Ex.
xxiii. 1.
(f) To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to strike up.
Soon as the prince appears, they raise a cry.
--Dryden.
(g) To bring to notice; to submit for consideration; as,
to raise a point of order; to raise an objection.
4. To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to make
light and spongy, as bread.
Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and raise paste.
--Spectator.
5. (Naut.)
(a) To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher
by drawing nearer to it; as, to raise Sandy Hook
light.
(b) To let go; as in the command, Raise tacks and sheets,
i. e., Let go tacks and sheets.
6. (Law) To create or constitute; as, to raise a use that is,
to create it. --Burrill.
{To raise a blockade} (Mil.), to remove or break up a
blockade, either by withdrawing the ships or forces
employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or
dispersing them.
{To raise a check}, {note}, {bill of exchange}, etc., to
increase fraudulently its nominal value by changing the
writing, figures, or printing in which the sum payable is
specified.
{To raise a siege}, to relinquish an attempt to take a place
by besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be
relinquished.
{To raise steam}, to produce steam of a required pressure.
{To raise the wind}, to procure ready money by some temporary
expedient. [Colloq.]
{To raise Cain}, or {To raise the devil}, to cause a great
disturbance; to make great trouble. [Slang]
Syn: To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause;
produce; grow; heighten; aggravate; excite.
Raised \Raised\, a.
1. Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; as, raised or
embossed metal work.
2. Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of bread,
cake, etc., as distinguished from that made with cream of
tartar, soda, etc. See {Raise}, v. t., 4.
{Raised beach}. See under {Beach}, n.
Raiser \Rais"er\, n.
One who, or that which, raises (in various senses of the
verb).
Raisin \Rai"sin\, n. [F. raisin grape, raisin, L. racemus
cluster of grapes or berries; cf. Gr. ?, ?, berry, grape. Cf.
{Raceme}.]
1. A grape, or a bunch of grapes. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
2. A grape dried in the sun or by artificial heat.
{Raisin tree} (Bot.), the common red currant, whose fruit
resembles the small raisins of Corinth called currants.
[Eng.] --Dp. Prior.
Raising \Rais"ing\, n.
1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting,
producing, or restoring to life.
2. Specifically, the operation or work of setting up the
frame of a building; as, to help at a raising. [U.S.]
3. The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it
into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering,
stamping, or spinning.
{Raising bee}, a bee for raising the frame of a building. See
{Bee}, n., 2. [U.S.] --W. Irving.
{Raising hammer}, a hammer with a rounded face, used in
raising sheet metal.
{Raising plate} (Carp.), the plate, or longitudinal timber,
on which a roof is raised and rests.
Raisonn'e \Rai`son`n['e]"\, a. [F. raisonn['e]. p. p. of
raisonner to reason.]
Arranged systematically, or according to classes or subjects;
as, a catalogue raisonn['e]. See under {Catalogue}.
Raivel \Rai"vel\, n. (Weaving)
A separator. [Scot.]
Raj \Raj\, n. [See {Rajah}.]
Reign; rule. [India]
Raja \Ra"ja\, n.
Same as {Rajah}.
Rajah \Ra"jah\, n. [Hind. r[=a]j[=a], Skr. r[=a]jan, akin to L.
rex, regis. See {Regal}, a.]
A native prince or king; also, a landholder or person of
importance in the agricultural districts. [India]
Rajahship \Ra"jah*ship\, n.
The office or dignity of a rajah.
Rajpoot \Raj`poot"\, Rajput \Raj`put"\, n. [Hind. r[=a]j-p[=u]t,
Skr. r[=a]ja-putra king's son.]
A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military, caste; a
Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of
Rajpootana, in northern central India.
Rake \Rake\, n. [AS. race; akin to OD. rake, D. reek, OHG,
rehho, G. rechen, Icel, reka a shovel, and to Goth. rikan to
heap up, collect, and perhaps to Gr. ? to stretch out, and E.
rack to stretch. Cf. {Reckon}.]
1. An implement consisting of a headpiece having teeth, and a
long handle at right angles to it, -- used for collecting
hay, or other light things which are spread over a large
surface, or for breaking and smoothing the earth.
2. A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for collecting
hay or grain; a horserake.
3. [Perhaps a different word.] (Mining) A fissure or mineral
vein traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so; --
called also {rake-vein}.
{Gill rakes}. (Anat.) See under 1st {Gill}.
Rake \Rake\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Raked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Raking}.] [AS. racian. See 1st {Rake}.]
1. To collect with a rake; as, to rake hay; -- often with up;
as, he raked up the fallen leaves.
2. Hence: To collect or draw together with laborious
industry; to gather from a wide space; to scrape together;
as, to rake together wealth; to rake together slanderous
tales; to rake together the rabble of a town.
3. To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a rake for
the purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or
for stirring up the soil; as, to rake a lawn; to rake a
flower bed.
4. To search through; to scour; to ransack.
The statesman rakes the town to find a plot.
--Swift.
5. To scrape or scratch across; to pass over quickly and
lightly, as a rake does.
Like clouds that rake the mountain summits.
--Wordsworth.
6. (Mil.) To enfilade; to fire in a direction with the length
of; in naval engagements, to cannonade, as a ship, on the
stern or head so that the balls range the whole length of
the deck.
{To rake up}.
(a) To collect together, as the fire (live coals), and
cover with ashes.
(b) To bring up; to search out an bring to notice again;
as, to rake up old scandals.
Rake \Rake\, v. i.
1. To use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; to
scrape; to search minutely.
One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated words.
--Dryden.
2. To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape along.
Pas could not stay, but over him did rake. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Rake \Rake\, n. [Cf. dial. Sw. raka to reach, and E. reach.]
To inclination of anything from a perpendicular direction;
as, the rake of a roof, a staircase, etc.; especially
(Naut.), the inclination of a mast or tunnel, or, in general,
of any part of a vessel not perpendicular to the keel.
Rake \Rake\, v. i.
To incline from a perpendicular direction; as, a mast rakes
aft.
{Raking course} (Bricklaying), a course of bricks laid
diagonally between the face courses in a thick wall, to
strengthen.
Rake \Rake\, n. [OE. rakel rash; cf. Icel. reikall wandering,
unsettled, reika to wander.]
A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person addicted to
lewdness and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a rou['e].
An illiterate and frivolous old rake. --Macaulay.
Rake \Rake\, v. i.
1. [Icel. reika. Cf. {Rake} a debauchee.] To walk about; to
gad or ramble idly. [Prov. Eng.]
2. [See {Rake} a debauchee.] To act the rake; to lead a
dissolute, debauched life. --Shenstone.
{To rake out} (Falconry), to fly too far and wide from its
master while hovering above waiting till the game is
sprung; -- said of the hawk. --Encyc. Brit.
Rakehell \Rake"hell`\, n. [See {Rakel}.]
A lewd, dissolute fellow; a debauchee; a rake.
It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a
sluggard and a rakehell do not go together. --Barrow.
Rakehell \Rake"hell`\, Rakehelly \Rake"hell`y\, a.
Dissolute; wild; lewd; rakish. [Obs.] --Spenser. B. Jonson.
Rakel \Ra"kel\, a. [OE. See {Rake} a debauchee.]
Hasty; reckless; rash. [Obs.] --Chaucer. -- {Ra"kel*ness}, n.
[Obs.] --Chaucer.
Raker \Rak"er\, n. [See 1st {Rake}.]
1. One who, or that which, rakes; as:
(a) A person who uses a rake.
(b) A machine for raking grain or hay by horse or other
power.
(c) A gun so placed as to rake an enemy's ship.
2. (Zo["o]l.) See {Gill rakers}, under 1st {Gill}.
Rakery \Rak"er*y\, n.
Debauchery; lewdness.
The rakery and intrigues of the lewd town. --R. North.
Rakeshame \Rake"shame`\, n. [Cf. {Rakehell}, {Ragabash}.]
A vile, dissolute wretch. [Obs.] --Milton.
Rakestale \Rake"stale`\, n. [Rake the instrument + stale a
handle.]
The handle of a rake.
That tale is not worth a rakestele. --Chaucer.
Rake-vein \Rake"-vein`\, n.
See {Rake}, a mineral vein.
Raking \Rak"ing\, n.
1. The act or process of using a rake; the going over a space
with a rake.
2. A space gone over with a rake; also, the work done, or the
quantity of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going once
over a space with a rake.
Rakish \Rak"ish\, a.
Dissolute; lewd; debauched.
The arduous task of converting a rakish lover.
--Macaulay.
Rakish \Rak"ish\, a. (Naut.)
Having a saucy appearance indicative of speed and dash.
--Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Rakishly \Rak"ish*ly\, adv.
In a rakish manner.
Rakishness \Rak"ish*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being rakish.
Raku ware \Ra"ku ware`\
A kind of earthenware made in Japan, resembling Satsuma ware,
but having a paler color.
Rale \R[^a]le\, n. [F. r[^a]le. Cf. {Rail} the bird.] (Med.)
An adventitious sound, usually of morbid origin, accompanying
the normal respiratory sounds. See {Rhonchus}.
Note: Various kinds are distinguished by pathologists;
differing in intensity, as loud and small; in quality,
as moist, dry, clicking, and sonorous; and in origin,
as tracheal, pulmonary, and pleural.
Rallentando \Ral"len*tan"do\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
Slackening; -- a direction to perform a passage with a
gradual decrease in time and force; ritardando.
Ralliance \Ral"li*ance\, n. [Cf. OF. raliance. See {Rally} to
reunite.]
The act of rallying.
Raillier \Rail"li*er\, n.
One who rallies.
Ralline \Ral"line\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the rails.
Rally \Ral"ly\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rallied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rallying}.] [OF. ralier, F. rallier, fr. L. pref. re- + ad +
ligare to bind. See {Ra-}, and 1st {Ally}.]
To collect, and reduce to order, as troops dispersed or
thrown into confusion; to gather again; to reunite.
Rally \Ral"ly\, v. i.
1. To come into orderly arrangement; to renew order, or
united effort, as troops scattered or put to flight; to
assemble; to unite.
The Grecians rally, and their powers unite.
--Dryden.
Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to
rally together, and to form themselves into this new
world. --Tillotson.
2. To collect one's vital powers or forces; to regain health
or consciousness; to recuperate.
3. To recover strength after a decline in prices; -- said of
the market, stocks, etc.
Rally \Ral"ly\, n.; pl. {Rallies}.
1. The act or process of rallying (in any of the senses of
that word).
2. A political mass meeting. [Colloq. U. S.]
Rally \Ral"ly\, v. t. [F. railler. See {Rail} to scoff.]
To attack with raillery, either in good humor and pleasantry,
or with slight contempt or satire.
Honeycomb . . . rallies me upon a country life.
--Addison.
Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain, Which gay
Corinna rallied with disdain. --Gay.
Syn: To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock.
Rally \Ral"ly\, v. i.
To use pleasantry, or satirical merriment.
Rally \Ral"ly\, n.
Good-humored raillery.
Ralph \Ralph\, n.
A name sometimes given to the raven.
Ralstonite \Ral"ston*ite\, n. [So named after J. G. Ralston of
Norristown, Penn.] (Min.)
A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring with the Greenland
cryolite in octahedral crystals.
Ram \Ram\, n. [AS. ramm, ram; akin to OHG. & D. ram, Prov. G.
ramm, and perh. to Icel. ramr strong.]
1. The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of
England a ram is called a tup.
2. (Astron.)
(a) Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters
about the 21st of March.
(b) The constellation Aries, which does not now, as
formerly, occupy the sign of the same name.
3. An engine of war used for butting or battering.
Specifically:
(a) In ancient warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in
a framework, and used for battering the walls of
cities; a battering-ram.
(b) A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow of a
steam war vessel for piercing or cutting down the
vessel of an enemy; also, a vessel carrying such a
beak.
4. A hydraulic ram. See under {Hydraulic}.
5. The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile driver, steam
hammer, stamp mill, or the like.
6. The plunger of a hydraulic press.
{Ram's horn}.
(a) (Fort.) A low semicircular work situated in and
commanding a ditch. [Written also {ramshorn}.]
--Farrow.
(b) (Paleon.) An ammonite.
Ram \Ram\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rammed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ramming}.]
1. To butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or
through; to thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to
drive together; to cram; as, to ram an enemy's vessel; to
ram piles, cartridges, etc.
[They] rammed me in with foul shirts, and smocks,
socks, foul stockings, greasy napkins. --Shak.
2. To fill or compact by pounding or driving.
A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials,
and rammed to make the foundation solid.
--Arbuthnot.
Ramadan \Ram`a*dan"\, n. [Ar. ramad[=a]n, or ramaz[=a]n,
properly, the hot month.] [Written also {Ramadhan},
{Ramadzan}, and {Rhamadan}.]
1. The ninth Mohammedan month.
2. The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept during
daylight through the ninth month.
Ramage \Ram"age\ (?; 48), n. [F., fr. L. ramus a branch.]
1. Boughs or branches. [Obs.] --Crabb.
2. Warbling of birds in trees. [Obs.] --Drummond.
Ramage \Ra*mage"\, a.
Wild; untamed. [Obs.]
Ramagious \Ra*ma"gi*ous\, a.
Wild; not tame. [Obs.]
Now is he tame that was so ramagious. --Remedy of
Love.
Ramal \Ra"mal\, a. [L. ramus branch.]
Of or pertaining to a ramus, or branch; rameal.
Ramayana \Ra*ma"ya*na\, n. [Skr. R[=a]m[=a]yana.]
The more ancient of the two great epic poems in Sanskrit. The
hero and heroine are Rama and his wife Sita.
Ramberge \Ram"berge\, n. [F., fr. rame oar + barge barge.]
Formerly, a kind of large war galley.
Ramble \Ram"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rambled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rambling}.] [For rammle, fr. Prov. E. rame to roam. Cf.
{Roam}.]
1. To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any
determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or
irregularly; to rove; to wander; as, to ramble about the
city; to ramble over the world.
He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect darkness,
what is his liberty better than if driven up and
down as a bubble by the wind? --Locke.
2. To talk or write in a discursive, aimless way.
3. To extend or grow at random. --Thomson.
Syn: To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll.
Ramble \Ram"ble\, n.
1. A going or moving from place to place without any
determinate business or object; an excursion or stroll
merely for recreation.
Coming home, after a short Christians ramble.
--Swift.
2. [Cf. {Rammel}.] (Coal Mining) A bed of shale over the
seam. --Raymond.
Rambler \Ram"bler\, n.
One who rambles; a rover; a wanderer.
Rambling \Ram"bling\, a.
Roving; wandering; discursive; as, a rambling fellow, talk,
or building.
Ramblingly \Ram"bling*ly\, adv.
In a rambling manner.
Rambooze \Ram"booze\, n.
A beverage made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc. [Obs.]
--Blount.
Rambutan \Ram*bu"tan\, n. [Malay ramb[=u]tan, fr. rambut hair of
the head.] (Bot.)
A Malayan fruit produced by the tree {Nephelium lappaceum},
and closely related to the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval
in shape, covered with coarse hairs (whence the name), and
contains a pleasant acid pulp. Called also {ramboostan}.
Rameal \Ra"me*al\, a.
Same as {Ramal}. --Gray.
Ramean \Ra"me*an\, n.
A Ramist. --Shipley.
Ramed \Ramed\, a.
Having the frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- said of a
ship on the stocks.
Ramee \Ram"ee\, n. (Bot.)
See {Ramie}.
Ramekin \Ram"e*kin\, n.
See {Ramequin}. [Obs.]
Rament \Ram"ent\, n. [L. ramenta, pl.]
1. A scraping; a shaving. [Obs.]
Ramenta \Ra*men"ta\, n. pl. [L., scrapings.] (Bot.)
Thin brownish chaffy scales upon the leaves or young shoots
of some plants, especially upon the petioles and leaves of
ferns. --Gray.
Ramentaceous \Ram`en*ta"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Covered with ramenta.
Rameous \Ra"me*ous\, a. [L. rameus, from ramus branch, bough.]
(Bot.)
Ramal.
Ramequin \Ram"e*quin\, n. [F.] (Cookery)
A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc., formed in a mold, or served
on bread. [Written also {ramekin}.]
Ramie \Ram"ie\, n. [From Malay.] (Bot.)
The grasscloth plant ({B[oe]hmeria nivea}); also, its fiber,
which is very fine and exceedingly strong; -- called also
{China grass}, and {rhea}. See {Grass-cloth plant}, under
{Grass}.
Ramification \Ram`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ramification. See
{Ramify}.]
1. The process of branching, or the development or offshoots
from a stem; also, the mode of their arrangement.
2. A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a main stock or
channel; as, the ramifications of an artery, vein, or
nerve.
3. A division into principal and subordinate classes, heads,
or departments; also, one of the subordinate parts; as,
the ramifications a subject or scheme.
4. The production of branchlike figures. --Crabb.
Ramiflorous \Ram`i*flo"rous\, a. [L. ramus branch + flos,
floris, flower.] (Bot.)
Flowering on the branches.
Ramiform \Ram"i*form\, a. [L. ramus branch + -form.] (Bot.)
Having the form of a branch.
Ramify \Ram"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ramified}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Ramifying}.] [F. ramifier, LL. ramificare, fr. L. ramus a
branch + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
To divide into branches or subdivisions; as, to ramify an
art, subject, scheme.
Ramify \Ram"i*fy\, v. i.
1. To shoot, or divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the
stem of a plant.
When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to ramify.
--Arbuthnot.
2. To be divided or subdivided, as a main subject.
Ramigerous \Ra*mig"er*ous\, a. [L. ramus a branch + -gerous.]
(Bot.)
Bearing branches; branched.
Ramiparous \Ra*mip"a*rous\, a. [L. ramus + parere to bear.]
(Bot.)
Producing branches; ramigerous.
Ramist \Ra"mist\, n.
A follower of Pierre Ram['e], better known as Ramus, a
celebrated French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and
philosophy at Paris in the reign of Henry II., and opposed
the Aristotelians.
Ramline \Ram"line\, n.
A line used to get a straight middle line, as on a spar, or
from stem to stern in building a vessel.
Rammel \Ram"mel\, n.
Refuse matter. [Obs.]
Filled with any rubbish, rammel and broken stones.
--Holland.
Rammer \Ram"mer\, n.
One who, or that which, rams or drives. Specifically:
(a) An instrument for driving anything force; as, a rammer
for driving stones or piles, or for beating the earth to
more solidity.
(b) A rod for forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod.
(c) (Founding) An implement for pounding the sand of a mold
to render it compact.
Rammish \Ram"mish\, a.
Like a ram; hence, rank; lascivious. ``Their savor is so
rammish.'' --Chaucer.
Rammishness \Ram"mish*ness\, n.
The quality of being rammish.
Rammy \Ram"my\, a.
Like a ram; rammish. --Burton.
Ramollescence \Ram`ol*les"cence\, n. [F. ramollir to make soft,
to soften; pref. re- re- + amollir to soften; a (L. ad) +
mollir to soften, L. mollire, fr. mollis soft.]
A softening or mollifying. [R.]
Ramoon \Ra*moon"\, n. (Bot.)
A small West Indian tree ({Trophis Americana}) of the
Mulberry family, whose leaves and twigs are used as fodder
for cattle.
Ramose \Ra*mose"\, a. [L. ramosus, from ramus a branch.]
Branched, as the stem or root of a plant; having lateral
divisions; consisting of, or having, branches; full of
branches; ramifying; branching; branchy.
Ramous \Ra"mous\, a.
Ramose.
Ramp \Ramp\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ramped} (?; 215); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Ramping}.] [F. ramper to creep, OF., to climb; of German
origin; cf. G. raffen to snatch, LG. & D. rapen. See {Rap} to
snatch, and cf. Romp.]
1. To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to prance; to
become rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp.
2. To move by leaps, or by leaps; hence, to move swiftly or
with violence.
Their bridles they would champ,
And trampling the fine element would fiercely ramp.
--Spenser.
3. To climb, as a plant; to creep up.
With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch
hold, . . . and so ramping upon trees, they mount up
to a great height. --Ray.
Ramp \Ramp\, n.
1. A leap; a spring; a hostile advance.
The bold Ascalonite Fled from his lion ramp.
--Milton.
2. A highwayman; a robber. [Prov. Eng.]
3. A romping woman; a prostitute. [Obs.] --Lyly.
4. [F. rampe.] (Arch.)
(a) Any sloping member, other than a purely constructional
one, such as a continuous parapet to a staircase.
(b) A short bend, slope, or curve, where a hand rail or
cap changes its direction.
5. [F. rampe.] (Fort.) An inclined plane serving as a
communication between different interior levels.
Rampacious \Ram*pa"cious\, a.
High-spirited; rampageous. [Slang] --Dickens.
Rampage \Ramp"age\, n. [See {Ramp}, v.]
Violent or riotous behavior; a state of excitement, passion,
or debauchery; as, to be on the rampage. [Prov. or Low.]
--Dickens.
Rampage \Ramp"age\, v. i.
To leap or prance about, as an animal; to be violent; to
rage. [Prov. or Low]
Rampageous \Ram*pa"geous\, a.
Characterized by violence and passion; unruly; rampant.
[Prov. or Low]
In the primitive ages of a rampageous antiquity.
--Galt.
Rampallian \Ram*pal"lian\, n. [Cf. ramp a prostitute, or
rabble.]
A mean wretch. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rampancy \Ramp"an*cy\, n.
The quality or state of being rampant; excessive action or
development; exuberance; extravagance. ``They are come to
this height and rampancy of vice.'' --South.
Rampant \Ramp"ant\, a. [F., p. pr. of ramper to creep. See
{Ramp}, v.]
1. Ramping; leaping; springing; rearing upon the hind legs;
hence, raging; furious.
The fierce lion in his kind Which goeth rampant
after his prey. --Gower.
[The] lion . . . rampant shakes his brinded mane.
--Milton.
2. Ascending; climbing; rank in growth; exuberant.
The rampant stalk is of unusual altitude. --I.
Taylor.
3. (Her.) Rising with fore paws in the air as if attacking;
-- said of a beast of prey, especially a lion. The right
fore leg and right hind leg should be raised higher than
the left.
{Rampant arch}.
(a) An arch which has one abutment higher than the other.
(b) Same as {Rampant vault}, below.
{Rampant gardant} (Her.), rampant, but with the face turned
to the front.
{Rampant regardant}, rampant, but looking backward.
{Rampant vault} (Arch.), a continuous wagon vault, or cradle
vault, whose two abutments are located on an inclined
planed plane, such as the vault supporting a stairway, or
forming the ceiling of a stairway.
Rampantly \Ramp"ant*ly\, adv.
In a rampant manner.
Rampart \Ram"part\, n. [F. rempart, OF. rempar, fr. remparer to
fortify, se remparer to fence or intrench one's self; re- re-
pref. + pref. en- (L. in) + parer to defend, parry, prepare,
L. parare to prepape. See {Pare}.]
1. That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which
secures safety; a defense or bulwark.
2. (Fort.) A broad embankment of earth round a place, upon
which the parapet is raised. It forms the substratum of
every permanent fortification. --Mahan.
Syn: Bulwark; fence; security; guard.
Usage: {Rampart}, {Bulwark}. These words were formerly
interchanged; but in modern usage a distinction has
sprung up between them. The rampart of a fortified
place is the enceinte or main embankment or wall which
surrounds it. The term bulwark is now applied to
peculiarly strong outworks which project for the
defense of the rampart, or main work. A single bastion
is a bulwark. In using these words figuratively,
rampart is properly applied to that which protects by
walling out; bulwark to that which stands in the
forefront of danger, to meet and repel it. Hence, we
speak of a distinguished individual as the bulwark,
not the rampart, of the state. This distinction,
however, is often disregarded.
Rampart \Ram"part\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ramparted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Ramparting}.]
To surround or protect with, or as with, a rampart or
ramparts.
Those grassy hills, those glittering dells, Proudly
ramparted with rocks. --Coleridge.
{Rampart gun} (Fort.), a cannon or large gun for use on a
rampart and not as a fieldpiece.
Rampe \Rampe\, n. [In allusion to its supposed aphrodisiac
qualities. See {Ramp}.] (Bot.)
The cuckoopint.
Rampier \Ram"pier\, n.
See {Rampart}. [Obs.]
Rampion \Ram"pi*on\, n. [Cf. F. raiponce, Sp. ruiponce,
reponche, L. raperonzo, NL. rapuntium, fr. L. rapum, rapa, a
turnip, rape. Cf. {Rape} a plant.] (Bot.)
A plant ({Campanula Rapunculus}) of the Bellflower family,
with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called {ramps}.
Note: The name is sometimes given to plants of the genus
{Phyteuma}, herds of the Bellflower family, and to the
American evening primrose ({Enothera biennis}), which
has run wild in some parts of Europe.
Rampire \Ram"pire\, n.
A rampart. [Archaic]
The Trojans round the place a rampire cast. --Dryden.
Rampire \Ram"pire\, v. t.
To fortify with a rampire; to form into a rampire. [Archaic]
--Chapman. ``Rampired walls of gold.'' --R. Browning.
Rampler \Ram"pler\, n.
A rambler.
Rampler \Ram"pler\, a.
Roving; rambling. [Scot.]
Ramrod \Ram"rod`\, n.
The rod used in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading
firearm.
Ramshackle \Ram"shac*kle\, a. [Etymol. uncertain.]
Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out of repair.
There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his
ramshackle coach. --Thackeray.
Ramshackle \Ram"shac*kle\, v. t.
To search or ransack; to rummage. [Prov. Eng.]
Ramson \Ram"son\, n. [AS. hramsan, pl., akin to G. rams, Sw.
rams, ramsl["o]k; cf. Gr. ? onion.] (Bot.)
A broad-leaved species of garlic ({Allium ursinum}), common
in European gardens; -- called also {buckram}.
Ramsted \Ram"sted\, n. (Bot.)
A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a Mr. Ramsted who
introduced it into Pennsylvania. See {Toad flax}. Called also
{Ramsted weed}.
Ramulose \Ram"u*lose`\, a. [L. ramulosus, fr. ramulus, dim. of
ramus a branch.] (Nat. Hist.)
Having many small branches, or ramuli.
Ramulous \Ram"u*lous\, a. (Nat. Hist.)
Ramulose.
Ramulus \Ram"u*lus\, n.; pl. {Ramuli}. (Zo["o]l.)
A small branch, or branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and
similar organisms.
Ramus \Ra"mus\, n.; pl. {Rami}. (Nat. Hist.)
A branch; a projecting part or prominent process; a
ramification.
Ramuscule \Ra*mus"cule\, n. [L. ramusculus.] (Nat. Hist.)
A small ramus, or branch.
Ran \Ran\,
imp. of {Run}.
Ran \Ran\, n. [As. r[=a]n.]
Open robbery. [Obs.] --Lambarde.
Ran \Ran\, n. (Naut.)
Yarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch.
Rana \Ra"na\, n. [L., a frog.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of anurous batrachians, including the common frogs.
Ranal \Ra"nal\, a. (Bot.)
Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous plants.
{Ranal alliance} (Bot.), a name proposed by Lindley for a
group of natural orders, including Ranunculace[ae],
Magnoliace[ae], Papaverace[ae], and others related to
them.
Rance \Rance\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. A prop or shore. [Scot.]
2. A round between the legs of a chair.
Rancescent \Ran*ces"cent\, a. [L. rancescens, p. pr. of
rancescere, v. incho. from rancere to be rancid.]
Becoming rancid or sour.
Ranch \Ranch\, v. t. [Written also {raunch}.] [Cf. {Wrench}.]
To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to injure by violent straining
or contortion. [R.] --Dryden. ``Hasting to raunch the arrow
out.'' --Spenser.
Ranch \Ranch\, n. [See {Rancho}.]
A tract of land used for grazing and rearing of horses,
cattle, or sheep. See {Rancho}, 2. [Western U. S.]
Ranchero \Ran*che"ro\, n.; pl. {Rancheros}. [Sp.] [Mexico &
Western U. S.]
1. A herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho.
2. The owner and occupant of a ranch or rancho.
Ranchman \Ranch"man\, n.; pl. {Ranchmen}.
An owner or occupant of, or laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman.
[Western U. S.]
Rancho \Ran"cho\, n.; pl. {Ranchos}. [Sp., properly, a mess,
mess room. Cf. 2d {Ranch}.]
1. A rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch,
where herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at
night.
2. A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are raised;
-- distinguished from hacienda, a cultivated farm or
plantation. [Mexico & California] --Bartlett.
Rancid \Ran"cid\, a. [L. rancidus, fr. rancere to be rancid or
rank.]
Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical change or
decomposition; musty; as, rancid oil or butter.
Rancidity \Ran*cid"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. rancidit['e].]
The quality or state of being rancid; a rancid scent or
flavor, as of old oil. --Ure.
Rancidly \Ran"cid*ly\, adv.
In a rancid manner.
Rancidness \Ran"cid*ness\, n.
The quality of being rancid.
Rancor \Ran"cor\, n. [Written also {rancour}.] [OE. rancour, OF.
rancor, rancur, F. rancune, fr. L. rancor rancidity,
rankness; tropically, an old grudge, rancor, fr. rancere to
be rank or rancid.]
The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice;
inveterate hatred. ``To stint rancour and dissencioun.''
--Chaucer.
It would not be easy to conceive the passion, rancor,
and malice of their tongues and hearts. --Burke.
Syn: Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge;
animosity; malignity.
Usage: {Rancor}, {Enmity}. Enmity and rancor both describe
hostile feelings; but enmity may be generous and open,
while rancor implies personal malice of the worst and
most enduring nature, and is the strongest word in our
language to express hostile feelings.
Rancor will out; proud prelate, in thy face I
see thy fury. --Shak.
Rancor is that degree of malice which preys upon
the possessor. --Cogan.
Rancorous \Ran"cor*ous\, a. [OF. rancuros.]
Full of rancor; evincing, or caused by, rancor; deeply
malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious; intensely
virulent.
So flamed his eyes with rage and rancorous ire.
--Spenser.
Rancorously \Ran"cor*ous*ly\, adv.
In a rancorous manner.
Rand \Rand\, n. [AS. rand, rond; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G.
rand, Icel. r["o]nd, and probably to E. rind.]
1. A border; edge; margin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the flank or
leg; a sort of steak. --Beau. & Fl.
3. A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling slip of
leather applied to the sole before attaching the heel.
Rand \Rand\, v. i. [See {Rant}.]
To rant; to storm. [Obs.]
I wept, . . . and raved, randed, and railed. --J.
Webster.
Randall grass \Ran"dall grass`\ (Bot.)
The meadow fescue ({Festuca elatior}). See under {Grass}.
Randan \Ran"dan\, n.
The product of a second sifting of meal; the finest part of
the bran. [Prov. Eng.]
Randan \Ran"dan\, n.
A boat propelled by three rowers with four oars, the middle
rower pulling two.
Randing \Rand"ing\, n.
1. (Shoemaking) The act or process of making and applying
rands for shoes.
2. (Mil.) A kind of basket work used in gabions.
Random \Ran"dom\, n. [OE. randon, OF. randon force, violence,
rapidity, a randon, de randon, violently, suddenly, rapidly,
prob. of German origin; cf. G. rand edge, border, OHG. rant
shield, edge of a shield, akin to E. rand, n. See {Rand}, n.]
1. Force; violence. [Obs.]
For courageously the two kings newly fought with
great random and force. --E. Hall.
2. A roving motion; course without definite direction; want
of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly
used in the phrase at random, that is, without a settled
point of direction; at hazard.
Counsels, when they fly At random, sometimes hit
most happily. --Herrick.
O, many a shaft, at random sent, Finds mark the
archer little meant ! --Sir W.
Scott.
3. Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the
random of a rifle ball. --Sir K. Digby.
4. (Mining) The direction of a rake-vein. --Raymond.
Random \Ran"dom\, a.
Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or
without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without
previous calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random
guess.
Some random truths he can impart. --Wordsworth.
So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to
the random. --H. Spencer.
{Random courses} (Masonry), courses of unequal thickness.
{Random shot}, a shot not directed or aimed toward any
particular object, or a shot with the muzzle of the gun
much elevated.
{Random work} (Masonry), stonework consisting of stones of
unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor
always with flat beds.
Randomly \Ran"dom*ly\, adv.
In a random manner.
Randon \Ran"don\, n.
Random. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Randon \Ran"don\, v. i.
To go or stray at random. [Obs.]
Ranedeer \Rane"deer`\, n.
See {Reindeer}. [Obs.]
Ranee \Ra"nee\, n.
Same as {Rani}.
Ranforce \Ran"force`\, n. [Cf. F. renforcer.]
See {Re[eum]nforce}. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Rang \Rang\,
imp. of {Ring}, v. t. & i.
Range \Range\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ranged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ranging}.] [OE. rengen, OF. rengier, F. ranger, OF. renc
row, rank, F. rang; of German origin. See {Rane}, n.]
1. To set in a row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or
lines, or in ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to
rank; as, to range soldiers in line.
Maccabeus ranged his army by hands. --2 Macc. xii.
20.
2. To place (as a single individual) among others in a line,
row, or order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually,
reflexively and figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a
cause, to join a party, etc.
It would be absurd in me to range myself on the side
of the Duke of Bedford and the corresponding
society. --Burke.
3. To separate into parts; to sift. [Obs.] --Holland.
4. To dispose in a classified or in systematic order; to
arrange regularly; as, to range plants and animals in
genera and species.
5. To rove over or through; as, to range the fields.
Teach him to range the ditch, and force the brake.
--Gay.
6. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; as, to
range the coast.
Note: Compare the last two senses (5 and 6) with the French
ranger une c[^o]te.
7. (Biol.) To be native to, or to live in; to frequent.
Range \Range\, v. i.
1. To rove at large; to wander without restraint or
direction; to roam.
Like a ranging spaniel that barks at every bird he
sees. --Burton.
2. To have range; to change or differ within limits; to be
capable of projecting, or to admit of being projected,
especially as to horizontal distance; as, the temperature
ranged through seventy degrees Fahrenheit; the gun ranges
three miles; the shot ranged four miles.
3. To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of
arrangement or classification; to rank.
And range with humble livers in content. --Shak.
4. To have a certain direction; to correspond in direction;
to be or keep in a corresponding line; to trend or run; --
often followed by with; as, the front of a house ranges
with the street; to range along the coast.
Which way the forests range. --Dryden.
5. (Biol.) To be native to, or live in, a certain district or
region; as, the peba ranges from Texas to Paraguay.
Syn: To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll.
Range \Range\, n. [From {Range}, v.: cf. F. rang['e]e.]
1. A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; as, a range
of buildings; a range of mountains.
2. An aggregate of individuals in one rank or degree; an
order; a class.
The next range of beings above him are the
immaterial intelligences. --Sir M. Hale.
3. The step of a ladder; a rung. --Clarendon.
4. A kitchen grate. [Obs.]
He was bid at his first coming to take off the
range, and let down the cinders. --L'Estrange.
5. An extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set in
brickwork, and affording conveniences for various ways of
cooking; also, a kind of cooking stove.
6. A bolting sieve to sift meal. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
7. A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an excursion; a
ramble; an expedition.
He may take a range all the world over. --South.
8. That which may be ranged over; place or room for
excursion; especially, a region of country in which cattle
or sheep may wander and pasture.
9. Extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or
extent of excursion; reach; scope; discursive power; as,
the range of one's voice, or authority.
Far as creation's ample range extends. --Pope.
The range and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled
the whole circle of the arts. --Bp. Fell.
A man has not enough range of thought. --Addison.
10. (Biol.) The region within which a plant or animal
naturally lives.
11. (Gun.)
(a) The horizontal distance to which a shot or other
projectile is carried.
(b) Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of a shot or
projectile.
(c) A place where shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is
practiced.
12. In the public land system of the United States, a row or
line of townships lying between two succession meridian
lines six miles apart.
Note: The meridians included in each great survey are
numbered in order east and west from the ``principal
meridian'' of that survey, and the townships in the
range are numbered north and south from the ``base
line,'' which runs east and west; as, township No. 6,
N., range 7, W., from the fifth principal meridian.
13. (Naut.) See {Range of cable}, below.
{Range of accommodation} (Optics), the distance between the
near point and the far point of distinct vision, --
usually measured and designated by the strength of the
lens which if added to the refracting media of the eye
would cause the rays from the near point to appear as if
they came from the far point.
{Range finder} (Gunnery), an instrument, or apparatus,
variously constructed, for ascertaining the distance of an
inaccessible object, -- used to determine what elevation
must be given to a gun in order to hit the object; a
position finder.
{Range of cable} (Naut.), a certain length of slack cable
ranged along the deck preparatory to letting go the
anchor.
{Range work} (Masonry), masonry of squared stones laid in
courses each of which is of even height throughout the
length of the wall; -- distinguished from broken range
work, which consists of squared stones laid in courses not
continuously of even height.
{To get the range of} (an object) (Gun.), to find the angle
at which the piece must be raised to reach (the object)
without carrying beyond.
Rangement \Range"ment\, n. [Cf. F. rangement.]
Arrangement. [Obs.] --Waterland.
Ranger \Ran"ger\, n.
1. One who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for
plunder; a roving robber.
2. That which separates or arranges; specifically, a sieve.
[Obs.] ``The tamis ranger.'' --Holland.
3. A dog that beats the ground in search of game.
4. One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed with short
muskets, who range over the country, and often fight on
foot.
5. The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly, a sworn
officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters
patent, whose business was to walk through the forest,
recover beasts that had strayed beyond its limits, watch
the deer, present trespasses to the next court held for
the forest, etc. [Eng.]
Rangership \Ran"ger*ship\, n.
The office of the keeper of a forest or park. [Eng.]
Rangle \Ran"gle\, v. i.
To range about in an irregular manner. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Rani \Ra"ni\, n. [Hind. r[=a]n[=i], Skr. r[=a]jn[=i]. See
{Rajah}.]
A queen or princess; the wife of a rajah. [Written also
{ranee}.] [India]
Ranine \Ra"nine\, a. [L. rana a frog.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or designating, a swelling under
the tongue; also, pertaining to the region where the
swelling occurs; -- applied especially to branches of the
lingual artery and lingual vein.
Rank \Rank\, a. [Compar. {Ranker}; superl. {Rankest}.] [AS. ranc
strong, proud; cf. D. rank slender, Dan. rank upright, erect,
Prov. G. rank slender, Icel. rakkr slender, bold. The meaning
seems to have been influenced by L. rancidus, E. rancid.]
1. Luxuriant in growth; of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown
to immoderate height; as, rank grass; rank weeds.
And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one
stalk, rank and good. --Gen. xli. 5.
2. Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme; gross; utter;
as, rank heresy. ``Rank nonsense.'' --Hare. ``I do forgive
thy rankest fault.'' --Shak.
3. Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich
and fertile; as, rank land. --Mortimer.
4. Strong-scented; rancid; musty; as, oil of a rank smell;
rank-smelling rue. --Spenser.
5. Strong to the taste. ``Divers sea fowls taste rank of the
fish on which they feed.'' --Boyle.
6. Inflamed with venereal appetite. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Rank modus} (Law), an excessive and unreasonable modus. See
{Modus}, 3.
{To set} (the iron of a plane, etc.) {rank}, to set so as to
take off a thick shaving. --Moxon.
Rank \Rank\, adv.
Rankly; stoutly; violently. [Obs.]
That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell.
--Fairfax.
Rank \Rank\, n. [OE. renk, reng, OF. renc, F. rang, fr. OHG.
hring a circle, a circular row, G. ring. See {Ring}, and cf.
{Range}, n. & v.]
1. A row or line; a range; an order; a tier; as, a rank of
osiers.
Many a mountain nigh Rising in lofty ranks, and
loftier still. --Byron.
2. (Mil.) A line of soldiers ranged side by side; -- opposed
to file. See 1st {File}, 1
(a) .
Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds,
In ranks and squadrons and right form of war.
--Shak.
3. Grade of official standing, as in the army, navy, or
nobility; as, the rank of general; the rank of admiral.
4. An aggregate of individuals classed together; a permanent
social class; an order; a division; as, ranks and orders
of men; the highest and the lowest ranks of men, or of
other intelligent beings.
5. Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence; position in
civil or social life; station; degree; grade; as, a writer
of the first rank; a lawyer of high rank.
These all are virtues of a meaner rank. --Addison.
6. Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high social
position; distinction; eminence; as, a man of rank.
{Rank and file}.
(a) (Mil.) The whole body of common soldiers, including
also corporals. In a more extended sense, it includes
sergeants also, excepting the noncommissioned staff.
(b) See under 1st {File}.
{The ranks}, the order or grade of common soldiers; as, to
reduce a noncommissioned officer to the ranks.
{To fill the ranks}, to supply the whole number, or a
competent number.
{To take rank of}, to have precedence over, or to have the
right of taking a higher place than.
Rank \Rank\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ranked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ranking},]
1. To place abreast, or in a line.
2. To range in a particular class, order, or division; to
class; also, to dispose methodically; to place in suitable
classes or order; to classify.
Ranking all things under general and special heads.
--I. Watts.
Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers.
--Broome.
Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft. --Dr.
H. More.
3. To take rank of; to outrank. [U.S.]
Rank \Rank\, v. i.
1. To be ranged; to be set or disposed, an in a particular
degree, class, order, or division.
Let that one article rank with the rest. --Shak.
2. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the
orders of civil or military life; to have a certain degree
of esteem or consideration; as, he ranks with the first
class of poets; he ranks high in public estimation.
Ranker \Rank"er\, n.
One who ranks, or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.
Rankle \Ran"kle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rankled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rankling}.] [From {Rank}, a.]
1. To become, or be, rank; to grow rank or strong; to be
inflamed; to fester; -- used literally and figuratively.
A malady that burns and rankles inward. --Rowe.
This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts
of the people. --Burke.
2. To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to cause a
sore; -- used literally and figuratively; as, a splinter
rankles in the flesh; the words rankled in his bosom.
Rankle \Ran"kle\, v. t.
To cause to fester; to make sore; to inflame. [R.] --Beau. &
Fl.
Rankly \Rank"ly\, adv.
With rank or vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence, coarsely;
grossly; as, weeds grow rankly.
Rankness \Rank"ness\, n. [AS. rancness pride.]
The condition or quality of being rank.
Rannel \Ran"nel\, n.
A prostitute. [Obs.]
Ranny \Ran"ny\, n. [L. araneus mus, a kind of small mouse.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The erd shrew. [Scot.]
Ransack \Ran"sack\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ransacked}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Ransacking}.] [OE. ransaken, Icel, rannsaka to
explore, examine; rann a house (akin to Goth. razn house, AS.
r[ae]sn plank, beam) + the root of s[ae]kja to seek, akin to
E. seek. See {Seek}, and cf. {Rest} repose.]
1. To search thoroughly; to search every place or part of;
as, to ransack a house.
To ransack every corner of their . . . hearts.
--South.
2. To plunder; to pillage completely.
Their vow is made To ransack Troy. --Shak.
3. To violate; to ravish; to defiour. [Obs.]
Rich spoil of ransacked chastity. --Spenser.
Ransack \Ran"sack\, v. i.
To make a thorough search.
To ransack in the tas [heap] of bodies dead. --Chaucer.
Ransack \Ran"sack\, n.
The act of ransacking, or state of being ransacked; pillage.
[R.]
Even your father's house Shall not be free fromransack.
--J. Webster.
Ransom \Ran"som\, n. [OE. raunson, raunsoun, OF. ran[,c]on,
raen[,c]on, raan[,c]on, F. ran[,c]on, fr. L. redemptio, fr.
redimere to redeem. See {Redeem}, and cf. {Redemption}.]
1. The release of a captive, or of captive, or of captured
property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; as,
prisoners hopeless of ransom. --Dryden.
2. The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner,
or for goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom
from restraint, penalty, or forfeit.
Thy ransom paid, which man from death redeems.
--Milton.
His captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he
paid for his liberty. --Sir J.
Davies/.
3. (O. Eng. Law) A sum paid for the pardon of some great
offense and the discharge of the offender; also, a fine
paid in lieu of corporal punishment. --Blackstone.
{Ransom bill} (Law), a war contract, valid by the law of
nations, for the ransom of property captured at sea and
its safe conduct into port. --Kent.
Ransom \Ran"som\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ransomed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Ransoming}.] [Cf. F. ran[,c]onner. See {Ransom}, n.]
1. To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or
forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out of servitude or
penalty; to rescue; to deliver; as, to ransom prisoners
from an enemy.
2. To exact a ransom for, or a payment on. [R.]
Such lands as he had rule of he ransomed them so
grievously, and would tax the men two or three times
in a year. --Berners.
Ransomable \Ran"som*a*ble\, a.
Such as can be ransomed.
Ransomer \Ran"som*er\, n.
One who ransoms or redeems.
Ransomless \Ran"som*less\, a.
Incapable of being ransomed; without ransom. --Shak.
Rant \Rant\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ranted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ranting}.] [OD. ranten, randen, to dote, to be enraged.]
To rave in violent, high-sounding, or extravagant language,
without dignity of thought; to be noisy, boisterous, and
bombastic in talk or declamation; as, a ranting preacher.
Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes! --Shak.
Rant \Rant\, n.
High-sounding language, without importance or dignity of
thought; boisterous, empty declamation; bombast; as, the rant
of fanatics.
This is a stoical rant, without any foundation in the
nature of man or reason of things. --Atterbury.
Ranter \Rant"er\, n.
1. A noisy talker; a raving declaimer.
2. (Eccl. Hist.)
(a) One of a religious sect which sprung up in 1645; --
called also {Seekers}. See {Seeker}.
(b) One of the Primitive Methodists, who seceded from the
Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of their deficiency
in fervor and zeal; -- so called in contempt.
Ranterism \Rant"er*ism\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
The practice or tenets of the Ranters.
Rantingly \Rant"ing*ly\, adv.
In a ranting manner.
Rantipole \Rant"i*pole\, n. [Ranty + pole, poll, head.]
A wild, romping young person. [Low] --Marrya?.
Rantipole \Rant"i*pole\, a.
Wild; roving; rakish. [Low]
Rantipole \Rant"i*pole\, v. i.
To act like a rantipole. [Low]
She used to rantipole about the house. --Arbuthnot.
Rantism \Rant"ism\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
Ranterism.
Ranty \Rant"y\, a.
Wild; noisy; boisterous.
Ranula \Ran"u*la\, n. [L., a little frog, a little swelling on
the tongue of cattle, dim. of rana a frog.] (Med.)
A cyst formed under the tongue by obstruction of the duct of
the submaxillary gland.
Ranunculaceous \Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous\, a. [See {Ranunculus}.]
(Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants
({Ranunculace[ae]}), of which the buttercup is the type, and
which includes also the virgin's bower, the monkshood,
larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony.
Ranunculus \Ra*nun`cu*lus\, n.; pl. E. {Ranunculuses}, L.
{Ranunculi}. [L., a little frog, a medicinal plant, perhaps
crowfoot, dim. of rana a frog; cf. raccare to roar.] (Bot.)
A genus of herbs, mostly with yellow flowers, including
crowfoot, buttercups, and the cultivated ranunculi ({R.
Asiaticus}, {R. aconitifolius}, etc.) in which the flowers
are double and of various colors.
Ranz des vaches \Ranz" des` vaches"\ [F., the ranks or rows of
cows, the name being given from the fact that the cattle,
when answering the musical call of their keeper, move towards
him in a row, preceded by those wearing bells.]
The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies of
the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the
Alpine horn, and sometimes sung.
Rap \Rap\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A lay or skein containing 120 yards of yarn. --Knight.
Rap \Rap\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rapped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rapping}.] [Akin to Sw. rappa to strike, rapp stroke, Dan.
rap, perhaps of imitative origin.]
To strike with a quick, sharp blow; to knock; as, to rap on
the door.
Rap \Rap\, v. t.
1. To strike with a quick blow; to knock on.
With one great peal they rap the door. --Prior.
2. (Founding) To free (a pattern) in a mold by light blows on
the pattern, so as to facilitate its removal.
Rap \Rap\, n.
A quick, smart blow; a knock.
Rap \Rap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rapped}, usually written {Rapt};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Rapping}.] [OE. rapen; akin to LG. & D.
rapen to snatch, G. raffen, Sw. rappa; cf. Dan. rappe sig to
make haste, and Icel. hrapa to fall, to rush, hurry. The word
has been confused with L. rapere to seize. Cf. {Rape}
robbery, {Rapture}, {Raff}, v., {Ramp}, v.]
1. To snatch away; to seize and hurry off.
And through the Greeks and Ilians they rapt The
whirring chariot. --Chapman.
From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund
Bacon, to Redgrove. --Sir H.
Wotton.
2. To hasten. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
3. To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to
transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or
rapture; as, rapt into admiration.
I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears.
--Addison.
Rapt into future times, the bard begun. --Pope.
4. To exchange; to truck. [Obs. & Law]
{To rap and ren}, {To rap and rend}. [Perhaps fr. Icel. hrapa
to hurry and r[ae]na plunder, fr. r[=a]n plunder, E. ran.]
To seize and plunder; to snatch by violence. --Dryden.
``[Ye] waste all that ye may rape and renne.'' --Chaucer.
All they could rap and rend pilfer. --Hudibras.
{To rap out}, to utter with sudden violence, as an oath.
A judge who rapped out a great oath. --Addison.
Rap \Rap\, n. [Perhaps contr. fr. raparee.]
A popular name for any of the tokens that passed current for
a half-penny in Ireland in the early part of the eighteenth
century; any coin of trifling value.
Many counterfeits passed about under the name of raps.
--Swift.
Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch a
rap,
save with her consent. --Mrs.
Alexander.
{Not to care a rap}, to care nothing.
{Not worth a rap}, worth nothing.
Rapaces \Ra*pa"ces\, n. pl. [NL. See {Rapacious}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Accipitres}.
Rapacious \Rapa"cious\, a. [L. rapax, -acis, from rapere to
seize and carry off, to snatch away. See {Rapid}.]
1. Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by
violence; seizing by force. `` The downfall of the
rapacious and licentious Knights Templar.'' --Motley.
2. Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals
seized by violence; as, a tiger is a rapacious animal; a
rapacious bird.
3. Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also, greedy;
ravenous; voracious; as, rapacious usurers; a rapacious
appetite.
[Thy Lord] redeem thee from Death's rapacious claim
--Milton.
Syn: Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious. --
{Ra*pa"cious*ly}, adv. -- {Ra*pa"cious*ness}, n.
Rapacity \Ra*pac"i*ty\, n. [L. rapacitas: cf. F. rapacite. See
{Rapacious}.]
1. The quality of being rapacious; rapaciousness;
ravenousness; as, the rapacity of pirates; the rapacity of
wolves.
2. The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive
injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain. ``The rapacity
of some ages.'' --Sprat.
Raparee \Rap`a*ree"\, n.
See {Rapparee}.
Rape \Rape\ (r[=a]p), n. [F. r[^a]pe a grape stalk.]
1. Fruit, as grapes, plucked from the cluster. --Ray.
2. The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which
the must has been expressed in wine making.
3. A filter containing the above refuse, used in clarifying
and perfecting malt, vinegar, etc.
{Rape wine}, a poor, thin wine made from the last dregs of
pressed grapes.
Rape \Rape\, n. [Akin to rap to snatch, but confused with L.
rapere. See {Rap} to snatch.]
1. The act of seizing and carrying away by force; violent
seizure; robbery.
And ruined orphans of thy rapes complain. --Sandys.
2. (Law) Sexual connection with a woman without her consent.
See {Age of consent}, under {Consent}, n.
3. That which is snatched away. [Obs.]
Where now are all my hopes? O, never more. Shall
they revive! nor death her rapes restore. --Sandys.
4. Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry. [Obs.]
Rape \Rape\, v. t.
To commit rape upon; to ravish.
{To rape and ren}. See under {Rap}, v. t., to snatch.
Rape \Rape\, v. i.
To rob; to pillage. [Obs.] --Heywood.
Rape \Rape\, n. [Icel. hreppr village, district; cf. Icel.
hreppa to catch, obtain, AS. hrepian, hreppan, to touch.]
One of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England,
intermediate between a hundred and a shire.
Rape \Rape\, n. [L. rapa, rapum, akin to Gr. ?, ?, G. r["u]be.]
(Bot.)
A name given to a variety or to varieties of a plant of the
turnip kind, grown for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used
for the production of rape oil, and to a limited extent for
the food of cage birds.
Note: These plants, with the edible turnip, have been
variously named, but are all now believed to be derived
from the {Brassica campestris} of Europe, which by some
is not considered distinct from the wild stock ({B.
oleracea}) of the cabbage. See {Cole}.
{Broom rape}. (Bot.) See {Broom rape}, in the Vocabulary.
{Rape cake}, the refuse remaining after the oil has been
expressed from the seed.
{Rape root}. Same as {Rape}.
{Summer rape}. (Bot.) See {Colza}.
Rapeful \Rape"ful\, a.
1. Violent. [Obs.]
2. Given to the commission of rape. --Byron.
Rapfully \Rap"ful*ly\, adv.
Violently. [Obs.]
Raphaelesque \Raph`a*el*esque"\, a.
Like Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting.
Raphaelism \Raph"a*el*ism\, n.
The principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian
painter.
Raphaelite \Raph"a*el*ite\, n.
One who advocates or adopts the principles of Raphaelism.
Raphany \Raph"a*ny\, n. [Cf. F. raphanie.] (Med.)
A convulsive disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not
uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It was so called because
supposed to be caused by eating corn with which seeds of
jointed charlock ({Raphanus raphanistrum}) had been mixed,
but the condition is now known to be a form of ergotism.
Raphe \Ra"phe\ (r[=a]"f[-e]), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a seam or
suture, fr. ? to sew or stitch together.]
1. (Anat.) A line, ridge, furrow, or band of fibers,
especially in the median line; as, the raphe of the
tongue.
2. (Bot.) Same as {Rhaph?}.
Raphides \Raph"i*des\, n. pl. [F. raphide.] (Bot.)
See {Rhaphides}.
Rapid \Rap"id\, a. [L. rapidus, fr. rapere to seize and carry
off, to snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. ?; cf. F.
rapide. Cf. {Harpy}, {Ravish}.]
1. Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast; as, a
rapid stream; a rapid flight; a rapid motion.
Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels. --Milton.
2. Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; in
quick sequence; as, rapid growth; rapid improvement; rapid
recurrence; rapid succession.
3. Quick in execution; as, a rapid penman.
Rapid \Rap"id\, n. [Cf. F. rapide. See {Rapid}, a.]
The part of a river where the current moves with great
swiftness, but without actual waterfall or cascade; --
usually in the plural; as, the Lachine rapids in the St.
Lawrence.
Row, brothers, row the stream runs fast, The rapids are
near, and the daylight's past. --Moore.
Rapidity \Ra*pid"i*ty\, n. [L. rapiditas: cf. F. rapidit['e].]
The quality or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity;
velocity; as, the rapidity of growth or improvement.
Syn: -- Rapidness; haste; speed; celerity; velocity;
swiftness; fleetness; quickness; agility.
Rapidly \Rap"id*ly\, adv.
In a rapid manner.
Rapidness \Rap"id*ness\, n.
Quality of being rapid; rapidity.
Rapier \Ra"pi*er\, n. [F. rapi[`e]re, perhaps for raspi[`e]re,
and ultimately of German origin, akin to E. rasp, v.]
A straight sword, with a narrow and finely pointed blade,
used only for thrusting.
{Rapier fish} (Zo["o]l.), the swordfish. [Obs.] --Grew.
Rapiered \Ra"pi*ered\, a.
Wearing a rapier. ``Scarletcoated, rapiered figures.''
--Lowell.
Rapilli \Ra*pil"li\, n. pl. [It.] (Min.)
Lapilli.
Rapine \Rap"ine\, n. [F. rapine; cf. Pr. & It. rapina; all fr.
L. rapina, fr. rapere to seize and carry off by force. See
{Rapid}, and cf. {Raven} rapine.]
1. The act of plundering; the seizing and carrying away of
things by force; spoliation; pillage; plunder.
Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the
desire of rapine as by the desire of glory.
--Macaulay.
2. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rapine \Rap"ine\, v. t.
To plunder. --Sir G. Buck.
Rapinous \Rap"i*nous\, a.
Given to rapine. [Obs.]
Rappage \Rap"page\, n. (Founding)
The enlargement of a molt caused by rapping the pattern.
Rapparee \Rap`pa*ree"\, n.
A wild Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th century; -- so
called from his carrying a half-pike, called a rapary.
[Written also {raparee}.]
Rapped \Rapped\ (r[a^]pt),
imp. & p. p. of {Rap}, to strike.
Rapped \Rapped\,
imp. & p. p. of {Rap}, to snatch away.
Rappee \Rap*pee"\, n. [F. r[^a]p['e], fr. r[^a]per to grate, to
rasp. See {Rasp}, v.]
A pungent kind of snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds
of tobacco leaves.
Rappel \Rap"pel\, n. [F. Cf. {Repeal}.] (Mil.)
The beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms.
Rapper \Rap"per\, n. [From {Rap}.]
1. One who, or that which, raps or knocks; specifically, the
knocker of a door. --Sterne.
2. A forcible oath or lie. [Slang] --Bp. Parker.
Rapport \Rap*port"\, n. [F., fr. rapporter to bring again or
back, to refer; pref. re- re- + apporter to bring, L.
apporter to bring, L. apportare. Cf. {Report}.]
Relation; proportion; conformity; correspondence; accord.
'T is obvious what rapport there is between the
conceptions and languages in every country. --Sir W.
Temple.
{En` rap`port"}[F.], in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having
a mutual, especially a private, understanding; in
mesmerism, in that relation of sympathy which permits
influence or communication.
Rapscallion \Rap*scal"lion\, n. [See {Rascallion}.]
A rascal; a good-for-nothing fellow. [Colloq.] --Howitt.
Rapt \Rapt\ (r[a^]pt),
imp. & p. p. of {Rap}, to snatch away.
Rapt \Rapt\, a.
1. Snatched away; hurried away or along.
Waters rapt with whirling away. --Spenser.
2. Transported with love, admiration, delight, etc.;
enraptured. ``The rapt musician.'' --Longfellow.
3. Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or meditation.
``Rapt in secret studies.'' --Shak.
Rapt \Rapt\, n. [From F. rapt abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr.
rapere to seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt,
a. See {Rapt}, a., and {Rapid}.]
1. An ecstasy; a trance. [Obs.] --Bp. Morton.
2. Rapidity. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Rapt \Rapt\, v. i.
1. To transport or ravish. [Obs.] --Drayton.
2. To carry away by force. [Obs.] --Daniel.
Rapter \Rap"ter\ (r[a^]p"t[~e]r), n.
A raptor. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Raptor \Rap"tor\ (r[a^]p"t[~e]r), n. [L. raptor, from rapere to
ravish. See {Rapid}.]
A ravisher; a plunderer. [Obs.]
Raptores \Rap*to"res\ (r[a^]p*t[=o]"e[=e]z), n. pl. [NL. See
{Raptor}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Accipitres}. Called also {Raptatores}.
Raptorial \Rap*to"ri*al\ (-r[i^]*al), a. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Rapacious; living upon prey; -- said especially of
certain birds.
(b) Adapted for seizing prey; -- said of the legs, claws,
etc., of insects, birds, and other animals.
(c) Of or pertaining to the Raptores. See Illust.
(f) of Aves.
Raptorious \Rap*to"ri*ous\ (-[u^]s), a. [L. raptorius.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Raptorial.
Rapture \Rap"ture\ (r[a^]p"t[-u]r; 135), n. [L. rapere, raptum,
to carry off by force. See {Rapid}.]
1. A seizing by violence; a hurrying along; rapidity with
violence. [Obs.]
That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash With
headlong rapture. --Chapman.
2. The state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from
one's self by agreeable excitement; violence of a pleasing
passion; extreme joy or pleasure; ecstasy.
Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the
hearer great conceptions; it strengthens devotion,
and advances praise into rapture. --Addison.
You grow correct that once with rapture writ.
--Pope.
3. A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium. [Obs.] --Shak.
Syn: Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight; exultation.
Rapture \Rap"ture\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Raptured} (-t[-u]rd;
135); p. pr. & vb. n. {Rapturing}.]
To transport with excitement; to enrapture. [Poetic]
--Thomson.
Rapturist \Rap"tur*ist\, n.
An enthusiast. [Obs.] --J. Spencer.
Rapturize \Rap"tur*ize\, v. i. & i.
To put, or be put, in a state of rapture. [R.]
Rapturous \Rap"tur*ous\, a.
Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing; feeling, expressing, or
manifesting rapture; as, rapturous joy, pleasure, or delight;
rapturous applause.
Rapturously \Rap"tur*ous*ly\, adv.
In a rapturous manner.
Rare \Rare\ (r[^a]r), a. [Cf. {Rather}, {Rath}.]
Early. [Obs.]
Rude mechanicals that rare and late Work in the market
place. --Chapman.
Rare \Rare\, a. [Compar. {Rarer}; superl. {Rarest}.] [Cf. AS.
hr[=e]r, or E. rare early.]
Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly cooked;
underdone; as, rare beef or mutton.
New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care Turned by a
gentle fire, and roasted rare. --Dryden.
Note: This word is in common use in the United States, but in
England its synonym underdone is preferred.
Rare \Rare\, a. [Compar. {Rarer}; superl. {Rarest}.] [F., fr. L.
rarus thin, rare.]
1. Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; as, a
rare event.
2. Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a
degree seldom found.
Rare work, all filled with terror and delight.
--Cowley.
Above the rest I judge one beauty rare. --Dryden.
3. Thinly scattered; dispersed.
Those rare and solitary, three in flocks. --Milton.
4. Characterized by wide separation of parts; of loose
texture; not thick or dense; thin; as, a rare atmosphere
at high elevations.
Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence
nineteen times rarer, than gold. --Sir I.
Newton.
Syn: Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular;
extraordinary; incomparable.
Usage: {Rare}, {Scarce}. We call a thing rare when but few
examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be
met with; as, a rare plant. We speak of a thing as
scarce, which, though usually abundant, is for the
time being to be had only in diminished quantities;
as, a bad harvest makes corn scarce.
A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of
the rarest things in the world. --Burke.
When any particular piece of money grew very
scarce, it was often recoined by a succeeding
emperor. --Addison.
Rarebit \Rare"bit\, n.
A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See {Welsh rabbit}, under
{Rabbit}.
Raree-show \Rar"ee-show`\, n. [Contr. fr. rarity-show.]
A show carried about in a box; a peep show. --Pope.
Rarefaction \Rar`e*fac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. rar['e]faction. See
{Rarefy}.]
The act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied;
-- opposed to condensation; as, the rarefaction of air.
Rarefiable \Rar"e*fi`a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. rar['e]fiable.]
Capable of being rarefied. --Boyle.
Rarefy \Rar"e*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rarefied}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Rarefying}.] [F. rar['e]fier; L. rarus rare + -ficare (in
comp.) to make; cf. L. rarefacere. See {-fy}.]
To make rare, thin, porous, or less dense; to expand or
enlarge without adding any new portion of matter to; --
opposed to condense.
Rarefy \Rar"e*fy\, v. i.
To become less dense; to become thin and porous. ``Earth
rarefies to dew.'' --Dryden.
Rarely \Rare"ly\, adv.
1. In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; as, things
rarely seen.
2. Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d {Rare}, 2.
The person who played so rarely on the flageolet.
--Sir W.
Scott.
The rest of the spartments are rarely gilded.
--Evelyn.
Rareness \Rare"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being rare.
And let the rareness the small gift commend. --Dryden.
Rareripe \Rare"ripe`\, a. [Rare early + ripe. Cf. {Rathripe}.]
Early ripe; ripe before others, or before the usual season.
Rareripe \Rare"ripe`\, n.
An early ripening fruit, especially a kind of freestone
peach.
Rarification \Rar`i*fi*ca"tion\, n.
See {Rarefaction}. [R.] --Am. Chem. Journal.
Rarity \Rar"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Rarities}. [L. raritas: cf. F.
raret['e]. See {Rare}.]
1. The quality or state of being rare; rareness; thinness;
as, the rarity (contrasted with the density) of gases.
2. That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing valued for
its scarcity.
I saw three rarities of different kinds, which
pleased me more than any other shows in the place.
--Addison.
Ras \Ras\, n.
See 2d {Reis}.
Rasante \Ra`sante"\, a. [F., p. pr. of raser to graze.] (Fort.)
Sweeping; grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in
which the command of the works over each other, and over the
country, is kept very low, in order that the shot may more
effectually sweep or graze the ground before them. --H. L.
Scott.
Rascal \Ras"cal\, n. [OE. rascaille rabble, probably from an OF.
racaille, F. racaille the rabble, rubbish, probably akin to
F. racler to scrape, (assumed) LL. rasiculare, rasicare, fr.
L. radere, rasum. See {Rase}, v.]
1. One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or
creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also,
a lean, ill-conditioned beast, esp. a deer. [Obs.]
He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty
thousand of the rascal. --Wyclif (1
Kings [1
Samuel] vi.
19).
Poor men alone? No, no; the noblest deer hath them
[horns] as huge as the rascal. --Shak.
2. A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a
rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster.
For I have sense to serve my turn in store, And he's
a rascal who pretends to more. --Dryden.
Rascal \Ras`cal\, a.
Of or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low;
mean; base. ``The rascal many.'' --Spencer. ``The rascal
people.'' --Shak.
While she called me rascal fiddler. --Shak.
Rascaldom \Ras"cal*dom\, n.
State of being a rascal; rascality; domain of rascals;
rascals, collectively. --Emerson.
Rascaless \Ras"cal*ess\, n.
A female rascal. [Humorous]
Rascality \Ras*cal`i*ty\, n.; pl. {Rascalities}
1. The quality or state of being rascally, or a rascal; mean
trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud.
2. The poorer and lower classes of people. [Obs.]
The chief heads of their clans with their several
rascalities --T. Jackson.
Rascallion \Ras*cal"lion\, n. [{From Rascal}]
A low, mean wretch [Written also {rascalion}.]
Rascally \Ras"cal*ly\, a.
Like a rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; --
often in humorous disparagement, without implication of
dishonesty.
Our rascally porter is fallen fast asleep. --Swift.
Rase \Rase\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rased}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rasing}.] [F. raser, LL. rasare to scrape often, v. freq.
fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, shave; cf. Skr. rad to
scratch, gnaw, L. rodere to gnaw. Cf. {Raze}, {Razee},
{Razor}, {Rodent}.]
1. To rub along the surface of; to graze. [Obsoles.]
Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death? and
might not the bullet which rased his cheek have gone
into his head? --South.
Sometimes his feet rased the surface of water, and
at others the skylight almost flattened his nose.
--Beckford.
2. To rub or scratch out; to erase. [Obsoles.]
Except we rase the faculty of memory, root and
branch, out of our mind. --Fuller.
3. To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to
raze. [In this sense {rase} is generally used.]
Till Troy were by their brave hands rased, They
would not turn home. --Chapman.
Note: This word, rase, may be considered as nearly obsolete;
graze, erase, and raze, having superseded it.
{Rasing iron}, a tool for removing old oakum and pitch from
the seams of a vessel.
Syn: To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel; level;
prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish; ruin.
Rase \Rase\, v. i.
To be leveled with the ground; to fall; to suffer overthrow.
[Obs.]
Rase \Rase\, n.
1. A scratching out, or erasure. [Obs.]
2. A slight wound; a scratch. [Obs.] --Hooker.
3. (O. Eng. Law) A way of measuring in which the commodity
measured was made even with the top of the measuring
vessel by rasing, or striking off, all that was above it.
--Burrill.
Rash \Rash\, v. t. [For arace]
1. To pull off or pluck violently. [Obs.]
2. To slash; to hack; to slice. [Obs.]
Rushing of helms and riving plates asunder.
--Spenser.
Rash \Rash\, n. [OF. rashe an eruption, scurf, F. rache; fr.
(assumed) LL. rasicare to scratch, fr. L. radere, rasum, to
scrape, scratch, shave. See {Rase}, and cf. {Rascal}.] (Med.)
A fine eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or
no elevation.
{Canker rash}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Nettle rash}. See {Urticaria}.
{Rose rash}. See {Roseola}.
{Tooth rash}. See {Red-gum}.
Rash \Rash\, n. [Cf. F. ras short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. raso
satin (cf. {Rase}); or cf. It. rascia serge, G. rasch,
probably fr. Arras in France (cf. {Arras}).]
An inferior kind of silk, or mixture of silk and worsted.
[Obs.] --Donne.
Rash \Rash\, a. [Compar. {Rasher}; superl. {Rashest}.] [Probably
of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. rask quick, brisk, rash,
Icel. r["o]skr vigorous, brave, akin to D. & G. rasch quick,
of uncertain origin.]
1. Sudden in action; quick; hasty. [Obs.] ``Strong as
aconitum or rash gunpowder.'' --Shak.
2. Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent. [Obs.]
I scarce have leisure to salute you, My matter is so
rash. --Shak.
3. Esp., overhasty in counsel or action; precipitate;
resolving or entering on a project or measure without due
deliberation and caution; opposed to prudent; said of
persons; as, a rash statesman or commander.
4. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little
reflection; as, rash words; rash measures.
5. So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling, as corn.
[Prov. Eng.]
Syn: Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty;
indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless;
inconsiderate; unwary.
Usage: {Rash}, {Adventurous}, {Foolhardy}. A man is
adventurous who incurs risk or hazard from a love of
the arduous and the bold. A man is rash who does it
from the mere impulse of his feelings, without
counting the cost. A man is foolhardy who throws
himself into danger in disregard or defiance of the
consequences.
Was never known a more adventurous knight.
--Dryden.
Her rush hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the
fruit, she plucked, she eat. --Milton.
If any yet to be foolhardy To expose themselves
to vain jeopardy; If they come wounded off, and
lame, No honors got by such a maim. --Hudibras.
Rash \Rash\, v. t.
To prepare with haste. [Obs.] --Foxe.
Rasher \Rash"er\, n. [In sense 1, probably fr. rash, a., as
being hastily cooked.]
1. A thin slice of bacon.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A California rockfish ({Sebastichthys
miniatus}).
Rashful \Rash"ful\, a.
Rash; hasty; precipitate. [Obs.]
Rashling \Rash"ling\, n.
A rash person. [Obs.]
Rashly \Rash"ly\, adv.
In a rush manner; with precipitation.
He that doth anything rashly, must do it willingly; for
he was free to deliberate or not. --L'Estrange.
Rashness \Rash"ness\, n.
The quality of state of being rash.
We offend . . . by rashness, which is an affirming or
denying, before we have sufficiently informed
ourselves. --South.
Syn: Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy; precipitation;
hastiness; indiscretion; heedlessness; inconsideration;
carelessness. {See Temerity}.
Raskolnik \Ras*kol"nik\, n. [Russ. rascolenik' schismatic,
heretic.] (Eccl.)
One of the separatists or dissenters from the established or
Greek church in Russia. [Written also {rascolnik}.]
Rasores \Ra*so`res\, n. pl. [{NL}., fr. L. radere, rasum, to
scratch. See {Rase}, v. t.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of birds; the Gallin[ae].
Note: Formely, the word {Rasores} was used in a wider sense,
so as to include other birds now widely separated in
classification.
Rasorial \Ra*so"ri*al\ (?; 277), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Rasores, or gallinaceous birds, as
the peacock, domestic fowl, patridge, and the like.
Rasour \Ra"sour\, n.
Rasor. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rasp \Rasp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rasped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rasping}.] [OF. rasper, F. r[^a]per, to scrape, grate, rasp,
fr. OHG. rasp[=o]n to scrape together, to collect, probably
akin to E. rap. Cf. {Rap} to snatch.]
1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough
file; as, to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to
powder.
2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by
coarse or rough treatment or language; as, some sounds
rasp the ear; his insults rasped my temper.
Rasp \Rasp\, n. [OE. raspe, OF. raspe, F. r[^a]pe. See {Rasp},
v.]
1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are
distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp
punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true
file.
2. The raspberry. [Obs.] ``Set sorrel amongst rasps, and the
rasps will be smaller.'' --Bacon.
{Rasp palm} (Bot.), a Brazilian palm tree ({Iriartea
exorhiza}) which has strong a["e]rial roots like a screw
pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface, and are used
by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the common
name.
Raspatorium \Ras`pa*to"ri*um\, n. [LL.]
See {Raspatory}.
Raspatory \Rasp"a*to*ry\, n. [LL. raspatorium: cf. F. raspatoir.
See {Rasp}, v.]
A surgeon's rasp. --Wiseman.
Raspberry \Rasp"ber*ry\ (?; 277), n. [From E. rasp, in allusion
to the apparent roughness of the fruit.] (Bot.)
(a) The thimble-shaped fruit of the {Rubus Id[ae]us} and
other similar brambles; as, the black, the red and the
white raspberry.
(b) The shrub bearing this fruit.
Note: Technically, raspberries are those brambles in which
the fruit separates readily from the core or
receptacle, in this differing from the blackberries, in
which the fruit is firmly attached to the receptacle.
Rasper \Rasp"er\, n.
One who, or which, rasps; a scraper.
Raspis \Ras"pis\, n.
The raspberry. [Obs.] --Langham.
Raspy \Rasp"y\, a.
Like a rasp, or the sound made by a rasp; grating. --R. D.
Blackmore.
Rasse \Rasse\, n. [Cf. Malay r[=a]sa taste, sensation.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A carnivore ({Viverricula Mallaccensis}) allied to the civet
but smaller, native of China and the East Indies. It
furnishes a perfume resembling that of the civet, which is
highly prized by the Javanese. Called also {Malacca weasel},
and {lesser civet}.
Rasure \Ra"sure\ (?; 135), n. [L. rasura, fr. radere, rasum, to
scrape, to shave. See {Rase}, v.]
1. The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing; erasure;
obliteration.
2. A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a writing
or print, is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an erasure.
--Ayliffe.
Rat \Rat\, n. [AS. r[ae]t; akin to D. rat, OHG. rato, ratta, G.
ratte, ratze, OLG. ratta, LG. & Dan. rotte, Sw. r[*a]tta, F.
rat, Ir. & Gael radan, Armor. raz, of unknown origin. Cf.
{Raccoon}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) One of the several species of small rodents of
the genus {Mus} and allied genera, larger than mice, that
infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the Norway,
or brown, rat ({M. Alexandrinus}). These were introduced
into Anerica from the Old World.
2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material,
used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their
natural hair. [Local, U.S.]
3. One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the
trades, one who works for lower wages than those
prescribed by a trades union. [Cant]
Note: ``It so chanced that, not long after the accession of
the house of Hanover, some of the brown, that is the
German or Norway, rats, were first brought over to this
country (in some timber as is said); and being much
stronger than the black, or, till then, the common,
rats, they in many places quite extirpated the latter.
The word (both the noun and the verb to rat) was first,
as we have seen, leveled at the converts to the
government of George the First, but has by degrees
obtained a wide meaning, and come to be applied to any
sudden and mercenary change in politics.'' --Lord
Mahon.
{Bamboo rat} (Zo["o]l.), any Indian rodent of the genus
{Rhizomys}.
{Beaver rat}, {Coast rat}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Beaver} and
{Coast}.
{Blind rat} (Zo["o]l.), the mole rat.
{Cotton rat} (Zo["o]l.), a long-haired rat ({Sigmodon
hispidus}), native of the Southern United States and
Mexico. It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious
to the crop.
{Ground rat}. See {Ground Pig}, under {Ground}.
{Hedgehog rat}. See under {Hedgehog}.
{Kangaroo rat} (Zo["o]l.), the potoroo.
{Norway rat} (Zo["o]l.), the common brown rat. See {Rat}.
{Pouched rat}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) See {Pocket Gopher}, under {Pocket}.
(b) Any African rodent of the genus {Cricetomys}.
{Rat Indians} (Ethnol.), a tribe of Indians dwelling near
Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to Athabascan stock.
{Rat mole}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Mole rat}, under {Mole}.
{Rat pit}, an inclosed space into which rats are put to be
killed by a dog for sport.
{Rat snake} (Zo["o]l.), a large colubrine snake ({Ptyas
mucosus}) very common in India and Ceylon. It enters
dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc.
{Spiny rat} (Zo["o]l.), any South America rodent of the genus
{Echinomys}.
{To smell a rat}. See under {Smell}.
{Wood rat} (Zo["o]l.), any American rat of the genus
{Neotoma}, especially {N. Floridana}, common in the
Southern United States. Its feet and belly are white.
Rat \Rat\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ratted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ratting}.]
1. In English politics, to desert one's party from interested
motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own
advantage; in the trades, to work for less wages, or on
other conditions, than those established by a trades
union.
Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having
ratted, solely by his inability to follow the
friends of his early days. --De Quincey.
2. To catch or kill rats.
Rata \Ra"ta\, n. [Maori.] (Bot.)
A New Zealand forest tree ({Metrosideros robusta}), also, its
hard dark red wood, used by the Maoris for paddles and war
clubs.
Ratability \Rat`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being ratable.
Ratable \Rat"a*ble\, a.
1. Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value.
Twenty or[ae] were ratable to [at] two marks of
silver. --Camden.
2. Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation; as, ratable
estate.
3. Made at a proportionate rate; as, ratable payments. --
{Rat"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Rat"a*bly}, adv.
Ratafia \Rat`a*fi"a\, n. [F., fr. Malay arak arrack +
t[=a]f[=i]a a spirit distilled from molasses.]
A spirituous liquor flavored with the kernels of cherries,
apricots, peaches, or other fruit, spiced, and sweetened with
sugar; -- a term applied to the liqueurs called noyau,
cura[,c]ao, etc. [Written also {ratifia} and {ratafee}.]
Ratan \Ra*tan"\, n.
See {Rattan}.
Ratany \Rat"a*ny\, n. (Bot.)
Same as {Rhatany}.
Rataplan \Ra`ta`plan"\, n. [F.]
The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of a galloping
horse.
Ratch \Ratch\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Rotche}.
Ratch \Ratch\, n. [See {Rack} the instrument, {Ratchet}.]
A ratchet wheel, or notched bar, with which a pawl or chick
works.
Ratchel \Ratch"el\, n.
Gravelly stone. [Prov. Eng.]
Ratchet \Ratch"et\, n. [Properly a diminutive from the same word
as rack: cf. F. rochet. See 2d {Ratch}, {Rack} the
instrument.]
1. A pawl, click, or detent, for holding or propelling a
ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc.
2. A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch, and
pawl. See {Ratchet wheel}, below, and 2d {Ratch}.
{Ratchet brace} (Mech.), a boring brace, having a ratchet
wheel and pawl for rotating the tool by back and forth
movements of the brace handle.
{Ratchet drill}, a portable machine for working a drill by
hand, consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a
drill holder which is revolved by means of a ratchet wheel
and pawl, by swinging the lever back and forth.
{Ratchet wheel} (Mach.), a circular wheel having teeth,
usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages
to turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it
from turning backward.
Note: In the cut, the moving pawl c slides over the teeth in
one direction, but in returning, draws the wheel with
it, while the pawl d prevents it from turning in the
contrary direction.
Rate \Rate\, v. t. & i. [Perh. fr. E. rate, v. t., to value at a
certain rate, to estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. rata to
find fault, to blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel.
hrat refuse, hrati rubbish.]
To chide with vehemence; to scold; to censure violently.
--Spencer.
Go, rate thy minions, proud, insulting boy! --Shak.
Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming
them from it, and rating them for it. --Barrow.
Rate \Rate\, n. [OF., fr. L. rata (sc. pars), fr. ratus
reckoned, fixed by calculation, p. p. of reri to reckon, to
calculate. Cf. {Reason}.]
1. Established portion or measure; fixed allowance.
The one right feeble through the evil rate, Of food
which in her duress she had found. --Spenser.
2. That which is established as a measure or criterion;
degree; standard; rank; proportion; ratio; as, a slow rate
of movement; rate of interest is the ratio of the interest
to the principal, per annum.
Heretofore the rate and standard of wit was
different from what it is nowadays. --South.
In this did his holiness and godliness appear above
the rate and pitch of other men's, in that he was so
. . . merciful. --Calamy.
Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor
come up soon enough. --Clarendon.
3. Variation; prise fixed with relation to a standard; cost;
charge; as, high or low rates of transportation.
They come at dear rates from Japan. --Locke.
4. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public
use, according to its income or value; esp., in England, a
local tax; as, parish rates; town rates.
5. Order; arrangement. [Obs.]
Thus sat they all around in seemly rate. --Spenser.
6. Ratification; approval. [R.] --Chapman.
7. (Horol.) The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of
time; as, daily rate; hourly rate; etc.
8. (Naut.)
(a) The order or class to which a war vessel belongs,
determined according to its size, armament, etc.; as,
first rate, second rate, etc.
(b) The class of a merchant vessel for marine insurance,
determined by its relative safety as a risk, as A1,
A2, etc.
Rate \Rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rating}.]
1. To set a certain estimate on; to value at a certain price
or degree.
To rate a man by the nature of his companions is a
rule frequent indeed, but not infallible. --South.
You seem not high enough your joys to rate.
--Dryden.
2. To assess for the payment of a rate or tax.
3. To settle the relative scale, rank, position, amount,
value, or quality of; as, to rate a ship; to rate a
seaman; to rate a pension.
4. To ratify. [Obs.] ``To rate the truce.'' --Chapman.
{To rate a chronometer}, to ascertain the exact rate of its
gain or loss as compared with true time, so as to make an
allowance or computation depended thereon.
Syn: To value; appraise; estimate; reckon.
Rate \Rate\, v. i.
1. To be set or considered in a class; to have rank; as, the
ship rates as a ship of the line.
2. To make an estimate.
Rateable \Rate"a*ble\, a.
See {Ratable}.
Ratel \Ra"tel\, n. [F.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any carnivore of the genus {Mellivora}, allied to the weasels
and the skunks; -- called also {honey badger}.
Note: Several species are known in Africa and India. The Cape
ratel ({M. Capensis}) and the Indian ratel ({M.
Indica}) are the best known. The back is gray; the
lower parts, face, and tail are black. They are fond of
honey, and rob the nests of wild bees.
Ratepayer \Rate"pay`er\, n.
One who pays rates or taxes.
Rater \Rat"er\, n.
One who rates or estimates.
Rater \Rat"er\, n.
One who rates or scolds.
Ratfish \Rat"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Rat-tail}.
Rath \Rath\, n. [Ir. rath.]
1. A hill or mound. [Ireland] --Spencer.
2. A kind of ancient fortification found in Ireland.
Rath \Rath\, Rathe \Rathe\, a. [AS. hr[ae][eth], hr[ae]d, quick,
akin to OHG. hrad, Icel. hra[eth]r.]
Coming before others, or before the usual time; early. [Obs.
or Poetic]
Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies. --Milton.
Rath \Rath\, Rathe \Rathe\, adv.
Early; soon; betimes. [Obs. or Poetic]
Why rise ye up so rathe? --Chaucer.
Too rathe cut off by practice criminal. --Spencer.
Rather \Rath"er\, a. [Compar. of {Rath}, a.]
Prior; earlier; former. [Obs.]
Now no man dwelleth at the rather town. --Sir J.
Mandeville.
Rather \Rath"er\, adv. [AS. hra[eth]or, compar. of hra[eth]e,
hr[ae][eth]e, quickly, immediately. See {Rath}, a.]
1. Earlier; sooner; before. [Obs.]
Thou shalt, quod he, be rather false than I.
--Chaucer.
A good mean to come the rather to grace. --Foxe.
2. More readily or willingly; preferably.
My soul chooseth . . . death rather than my life.
--Job vii. 15.
3. On the other hand; to the contrary of what was said or
suggested; instead.
Was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. --Mark
v. 26.
4. Of two alternatives conceived of, by preference to, or as
more likely than, the other; somewhat.
He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain,
And nowhere finding, rather feared her slain.
--Dryden.
5. More properly; more correctly speaking.
This is an art Which does mend nature, change it
rather, but The art itself is nature. --Shak.
6. In some degree; somewhat; as, the day is rather warm; the
house is rather damp.
{The rather}, the more so; especially; for better reason; for
particular cause.
You are come to me in happy time, The rather for I
have some sport in hand. --Shak.
{Had rather}, or {Would rather}, prefer to; prefers to; as,
he had, or would, rather go than stay. ``I had rather
speak five words with my understanding than ten thousands
words in an unknown tongue.'' --1 Cor. xiv. 19. See {Had
rather}, under {Had}.
Rathripe \Rath"ripe`\, a.
Rareripe, or early ripe. -- n. A rareripe. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Such who delight in rathripe fruits. --Fuller.
Ratification \Rat`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. ratification.]
The act of ratifying; the state of being ratified;
confirmation; sanction; as, the ratification of a treaty.
Ratifier \Rat"i*fi`er\, n.
One who, or that which, ratifies; a confirmer. --Shak.
Ratify \Rat"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ratified}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Ratifying}.] [F. ratifier, fr. L. ratus fixed by
calculation, firm, valid + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See
{Rate}, n., and {-fy}.]
To approve and sanction; to make valid; to establish; to
settle; especially, to give sanction to, as something done by
an agent or servant; as, to ratify an agreement, treaty, or
contract; to ratify a nomination.
It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to
a lie by ratifying an imposture with such a miracle.
--South.
Ratihabition \Rat`i*ha*bi"tion\, n. [L. ratihabitio; ratus
fixed, valid + habere to hold.]
Confirmation or approbation, as of an act or contract. [Obs.]
--Jer. Tailor.
Ratio \Ra"ti*o\, n. [L., fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe,
think, judge. See {Reason}.]
1. (Math.) The relation which one quantity or magnitude has
to another of the same kind. It is expressed by the
quotient of the division of the first by the second; thus,
the ratio of 3 to 6 is expressed by 3/6 or 1/2; of a to b
by a/b; or (less commonly) the second is made the
dividend; as, a:b = b/a.
Note: Some writers consider ratio as the quotient itself,
making ratio equivalent to a number. The term ratio is
also sometimes applied to the difference of two
quantities as well as to their quotient, in which case
the former is called arithmetical ratio, the latter,
geometrical ratio. The name ratio is sometimes given to
the rule of three in arithmetic. See under {Rule}.
2. Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree;
rate; proportion; as, the ratio of representation in
Congress.
{Compound ratio}, {Duplicate ratio}, {Inverse ratio}, etc.
See under {Compound}, {Duplicate}, etc.
{Ratio of a geometrical progression}, the constant quantity
by which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding
one.
Ratiocinate \Ra`ti*oc"i*nate\, v. i. [L. ratiocinatus, p. p. of
ratiocinari, fr. ratio reason. See {Ratio}.]
To reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason or argument.
Ratiocination \Ra`ti*oc"i*na"tion\, n. [L. ratiocinatio: cf. F.
ratiocination.]
The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from
premises; deductive reasoning.
Ratiocinative \Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive\, a. [L. ratiocinativus.]
Characterized by, or addicted to, ratiocination; consisting
in the comparison of proportions or facts, and the deduction
of inferences from the comparison; argumentative; as, a
ratiocinative process.
The ratiocinative meditativeness of his character.
--Coleridge.
Ratiocinatory \Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry\, a.
Ratiocinative. [R.]
Ration \Ra"tion\, n. [F., fr. L. ratio a reckoning, calculation,
relation, reference, LL. ratio ration. See {Ratio}.]
1. A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned to a
soldier in the army, or a sailor in the navy, for his
subsistence.
Note: Officers have several rations, the number varying
according to their rank or the number of their
attendants.
2. Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt out; an
allowance; an allotment.
Ration \Ra"tion\, v. t.
To supply with rations, as a regiment.
Rational \Ra"tion*al\, a. [L. rationalis: cf. F. rationnel. See
{Ratio}, {Reason}, and cf. {Rationale}.]
1. Relating to reason; not physical; mental.
Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the
rational, the natural, and mathematics . . . were
but simple pastimes in comparison of the other.
--Sir T.
North.
2. Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with
reason or understanding; reasoning.
It is our glory and happiness to have a rational
nature. --Law.
3. Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous,
extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise;
judicious; as, rational conduct; a rational man.
4. (Chem.) Expressing the type, structure, relations, and
reactions of a compound; graphic; -- said of formul[ae].
See under {Formula}.
{Rational horizon}. (Astron.) See {Horizon}, 2
(b) .
{Rational quantity} (Alg.), one that can be expressed without
the use of a radical sign, or in extract parts of unity;
-- opposed to irrational or radical quantity.
{Rational symptom} (Med.), one elicited by the statements of
the patient himself and not as the result of a physical
examination.
Syn: Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible; wise;
discreet; judicious.
Usage: {Rational}, {reasonable}. Rational has reference to
reason as a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to
traditional; as, a rational being, a rational state of
mind, rational views, etc. In these cases the
speculative reason is more particularly, referred to.
Reasonable has reference to the exercise of this
faculty for practical purposes, and means, governed or
directed by reason; as, reasonable prospect of
success.
What higher in her society thou find'st
Attractive, human, rational, love still.
--Milton.
A law may be reasonable in itself, although a
man does not allow it, or does not know the
reason of the lawgivers. --Swift.
Rational \Ra"tion*al\, n.
A rational being. --Young.
Rationale \Ra`tion*a"le\, n. [L. rationalis, neut. rationale.
See {Rational}, a.]
An explanation or exposition of the principles of some
opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon, or like; also, the
principles themselves.
Rationalism \Ra"tion*al*ism\, n. [Cf. F. rationalisme.]
1. (Theol.) The doctrine or system of those who deduce their
religious opinions from reason or the understanding, as
distinct from, or opposed to, revelation.
2. (Philos.) The system that makes rational power the
ultimate test of truth; -- opposed to sensualism, or
sensationalism, and empiricism. --Fleming.
Rationalist \Ra"tion*al*ist\, n. [Cf. F. rationaliste.]
One who accepts rationalism as a theory or system; also,
disparagingly, a false reasoner. See Citation under
{Reasonist}.
Rationalistic \Ra`tion*al*is"tic\, Rationalistical
\Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al\a.
Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of
rationalism. -- {Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly}, adv.
Rationality \Ra`tion*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. {-ties}. [F.
rationalit['e], or L. rationalitas.]
The quality or state of being rational; agreement with
reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason;
reasonableness.
When God has made rationality the common portion of
mankind, how came it to be thy inclosure? --Gov. of
Tongue.
Well-directed intentions, whose rationalities will
never bear a rigid examination. --Sir T.
Browne.
Rationalization \Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion\, n.
The act or process of rationalizing.
Rationalize \Ra"tion*al*ize\, v. t.
1. To make rational; also, to convert to rationalism.
2. To interpret in the manner of a rationalist.
3. To form a rational conception of.
4. (Alg.) To render rational; to free from radical signs or
quantities.
Rationalize \Ra"tion*al*ize\, v. i.
To use, and rely on, reason in forming a theory, belief,
etc., especially in matters of religion: to accord with the
principles of rationalism.
Theodore . . . is just considered the chief
rationalizing doctor of antiquity. --J. H.
Newman.
Rationally \Ra"tion*al*ly\, adv.
In a rational manner.
Rationalness \Ra"tion*al*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being rational; rationality.
Ratitae \Ra*ti"t[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. ratis a raft; cf. L.
ratitus marked with the figure of a raft.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of birds in which the wings are small, rudimentary,
or absent, and the breastbone is destitute of a keel. The
ostrich, emu, and apteryx are examples.
Ratitate \Rat"i*tate\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Ratit[ae].
Ratite \Rat"ite\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Ratit[ae]. -- n. One of the
Ratit[ae].
Ratlines \Rat"lines\, ratlins \rat"lins\, n. pl. [Of uncertain
origin.] (Naut.)
The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and
forming the steps of a rope ladder. [Written also {ratlings},
and {rattlings}.] --Totten.
Raton \Rat"on\, n. [Cf. {Raccoon}.]
A small rat. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Ratoon \Ra*toon"\, n.
1. Same as {Rattoon}, n.
2. A rattan cane. [Obs.] --Pepys.
Ratoon \Ra*toon"\, v. i.
Same as {Rattoon}, v. i.
Ratsbane \Rats"bane\, n. [Rat + bane.]
Rat poison; white arsenic.
Ratsbaned \Rats"baned`\, a.
Poisoned by ratsbane.
Rat-tail \Rat"-tail`\, a.
Like a rat's tale in form; as, a rat-tail file, which is
round, slender, and tapering. See Illust. of {File}.
Rat-tail \Rat"-tail`\, n.
1. (Far.) pl. An excrescence growing from the pastern to the
middle of the shank of a horse.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The California chim[ae]ra. See {Chim[ae]ra}.
(b) Any fish of the genus {Macrurus}. See {Grenadier}, 2.
Rat-tailed \Rat"-tailed`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a long, tapering tail like that of a rat.
{Rat-tailed larva} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of a fly of the
genus Eristalis. See {Eristalis}.
{Rat-tailed serpent} (Zo["o]l.), the fer-de-lance.
{Rat-tailed shrew} (Zo["o]l.), the musk shrew.
Rattan \Rat*tan"\, n. [Malay r[=o]tan.] [Written also {ratan}.]
(Bot.)
One of the long slender flexible stems of several species of
palms of the genus {Calamus}, mostly East Indian, though some
are African and Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and
are used for walking sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of
chairs, cords and cordage, and many other purposes.
Ratteen \Rat*teen"\, n. [F. ratine.]
A thick woolen stuff quilled or twilled.
Ratten \Rat"ten\, v. t. [Prov. E. ratten a rat, hence the verb
literally means, to do mischief like a rat.]
To deprive feloniously of the tools used in one's employment
(as by breaking or stealing them), for the purpose of
annoying; as, to ratten a mechanic who works during a strike.
[Trades-union Cant] --J. McCarthy.
Ratter \Rat"ter\, n.
1. One who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his
party.
2. Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained to catch
rats; a rat terrier. See {Terrier}.
Rattinet \Rat`ti*net"\, n.
A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen.
Ratting \Rat"ting\, n.
1. The conduct or practices of one who rats. See {Rat}, v.
i., 1. --Sydney Smith.
2. The low sport of setting a dog upon rats confined in a pit
to see how many he will kill in a given time.
Rattle \Rat"tle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rattled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rattling}.] [Akin to D. ratelen, G. rasseln, AS. hr[ae]tele
a rattle, in hr[ae]telwyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. ? to swing,
wave. Cf. {Rail} a bird.]
1. To make a quick succession of sharp, inharmonious noises,
as by the collision of hard and not very sonorous bodies
shaken together; to clatter.
And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms.
--Addison.
'T was but the wind, Or the car rattling o'er the
stony street. --Byron.
2. To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a clattering; as,
we rattled along for a couple of miles. [Colloq.]
3. To make a clatter with a voice; to talk rapidly and idly;
to clatter; -- with on or away; as, she rattled on for an
hour. [Colloq.]
Rattle \Rat"tle\, v. t.
1. To cause to make a ratting or clattering sound; as, to
rattle a chain.
2. To assail, annoy, or stun with a ratting noise.
Sound but another [drum], and another shall As loud
as thine rattle the welkin's ear. --Shak.
3. Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; as, to rattle one's
judgment; to rattle a player in a game. [Colloq.]
4. To scold; to rail at. --L'Estrange.
{To rattle off}.
(a) To tell glibly or noisily; as, to rattle off a story.
(b) To rail at; to scold. ``She would sometimes rattle off
her servants sharply.'' --Arbuthnot.
Rattle \Rat"tle\, n.
1. A rapid succession of sharp, clattering sounds; as, the
rattle of a drum. --Prior.
2. Noisy, rapid talk.
All this ado about the golden age is but an empty
rattle and frivolous conceit. --Hakewill.
3. An instrument with which a ratting sound is made;
especially, a child's toy that rattle when shaken.
The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea
nearly enough resemble each other. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw. --Pope.
4. A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer.
It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so
much perspicuity, vivacity, and grace, should have
been, whenever he took a part in conversation, an
empty, noisy, blundering rattle. --Macaulay.
5. A scolding; a sharp rebuke. [Obs.] --Heylin.
6. (Zo["o]l.) Any organ of an animal having a structure
adapted to produce a ratting sound.
Note: The rattle of the rattlesnake is composed of the
hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but
not cast off, and so modified in form as to make a
series of loose, hollow joints.
7. The noise in the throat produced by the air in passing
through mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; --
chiefly observable at the approach of death, when it is
called the death rattle. See {R[^a]le}.
{To spring a rattle}, to cause it to sound.
{Yellow rattle} (Bot.), a yellow-flowered herb ({Rhinanthus
Crista-galli}), the ripe seeds of which rattle in the
inflated calyx.
Rattlebox \Rat"tle*box`\, n.
1. A toy that makes a rattle sound; a rattle.
2. (Bot.)
(a) An American herb ({Crotalaria sagittalis}), the seeds
of which, when ripe, rattle in the inflated pod.
(b) Any species of {Crotalaria}, a genus of
yellow-flowered herbs, with inflated, many-seeded
pods.
Rattle-brained \Rat"tle-brained`\, a.
Giddy; rattle-headed.
Rattlehead \Rat"tle*head`\, n.
An empty, noisy talker.
Rattle-headed \Rat"tle-head`ed\, a.
Noisy; giddy; unsteady.
Rattlemouse \Rat"tle*mouse`\, n.
A bat. [Obs.] --Puttenham.
Rattlepate \Rat"tle*pate`\, n.
A rattlehead. --C. Kingsley.
Rattle-pated \Rat"tle-pat`ed\, a.
Rattle-headed. ``A noisy, rattle-pated fellow.'' --W. Irving.
Rattler \Rat"tler\, n.
One who, or that which, rattles.
Rattlesnake \Rat"tle*snake`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of venomous American snakes
belonging to the genera {Crotalus} and {Caudisona}, or
{Sistrurus}. They have a series of horny interlocking joints
at the end of the tail which make a sharp ratting sound when
shaken. The common rattlesnake of the Northern United States
({Crotalus horridus}), and the diamond rattlesnake of the
south ({C. adamanteus}), are the best known. See Illust. of
{Fang}.
{Ground rattlesnake} (Zo["o]l.), a small rattlesnake
({Caudisona, or Sistrurus, miliaria}) of the Southern
United States, having a small rattle. It has nine large
scales on its head.
{Rattlesnake fern} (Bot.), a common American fern
({Botrychium Virginianum}) having a triangular decompound
frond and a long-stalked panicle of spore cases rising
from the middle of the frond.
{Rattlesnake grass} (Bot.), a handsome American grass
({Glyceria Canadensis}) with an ample panicle of rather
large ovate spikelets, each one composed of imbricated
parts and slightly resembling the rattle of the
rattlesnake. Sometimes called {quaking grass}.
{Rattlesnake plantain} (Bot.), See under {Plantain}.
{Rattlesnake root} (Bot.), a name given to certain American
species of the composite genus {Prenanthes} ({P. alba} and
{P. serpentaria}), formerly asserted to cure the bite of
the rattlesnake. Calling also {lion's foot}, {gall of the
earth}, and {white lettuce}.
{Rattlesnake's master} (Bot.)
(a) A species of Agave ({Agave Virginica}) growing in the
Southern United States.
(b) An umbelliferous plant ({Eryngium yucc[ae]folium}) with
large bristly-fringed linear leaves.
(c) A composite plant, the blazing star ({Liatris
squarrosa}).
{Rattlesnake weed} (Bot.), a plant of the composite genus
{Hieracium} ({H. venosum}); -- probably so named from its
spotted leaves. See also {Snakeroot}.
Rattletrap \Rat"tle*trap`\, n.
Any machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly. [Colloq.]
--A. Trollope.
Rattleweed \Rat"tle*weed`\, n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus {Astragalus}. See {Milk vetch}.
Rattlewings \Rat"tle*wings`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The golden-eye.
Rattlewort \Rat"tle*wort`\, n. [AS. hr[ae]telwyrt.] (Bot.)
Same as {Rattlebox}.
Rattlings \Rat"tlings\, n. pl. (Naut.)
Ratlines.
Rattoon \Rat*toon"\, n. [Sp. reto[~n]o.]
One of the stems or shoots of sugar cane of the second year's
growth from the root, or later. See {Plant-cane}.
Rattoon \Rat*toon"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rattooned}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Rattooning}.] [Cf. Sp. reto[~n]ar.]
To sprout or spring up from the root, as sugar cane of the
previous year's planting.
Raucid \Rau"cid\, a. [L. raucus hoarse; cf. LL. raucidus.]
Hoarse; raucous [R.] --Lamb.
Raucity \Rau"ci*ty\, n. [L. rausitas, from raucus hoarse: cf. F.
raucit['e].]
Harshness of sound; rough utterance; hoarseness; as, the
raucity of a trumpet, or of the human voice.
Raucous \Rau"cous\, a. [L. raucus.]
Hoarse; harsh; rough; as, a raucous, thick tone. ``His voice
slightly raucous.'' --Aytoun. -- {Rau"cous*ly}, adv.
Raught \Raught\, obs.
imp. & p. p. of {Reach}. --Shak.
Raught \Raught\, obs.
imp. & p. p. of {Reck}. --Chaucer.
Raunch \Raunch\, v. t.
See {Ranch}. --Spenser.
Raunsoun \Raun*soun"\, n.
Ransom. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ravage \Rav"age\ (?; 48), n. [F., fr. (assumed) L. rapagium,
rapaticum, fr. rapere to carry off by force, to ravish. See
{Rapacious}, {Ravish}.]
Desolation by violence; violent ruin or destruction;
devastation; havoc; waste; as, the ravage of a lion; the
ravages of fire or tempest; the ravages of an army, or of
time.
Would one think 't were possible for love To make such
ravage in a noble soul? --Addison.
Syn: Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage; plunder;
spoil; waste; ruin.
Ravage \Rav"age\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ravaged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ravaging}.] [F. ravager. See {Ravage}, n.]
To lay waste by force; to desolate by violence; to commit
havoc or devastation upon; to spoil; to plunder; to consume.
Already C[ae]sar Has ravaged more than half the globe.
--Addison.
His lands were daily ravaged, his cattle driven away.
--Macaulay.
Syn: To despoil; pillage; plunger; sack; spoil; devastate;
desolate; destroy; waste; ruin.
Ravager \Rav"a*ger\, n.
One who, or that which, ravages or lays waste; spoiler.
Rave \Rave\, n. [Prov. E. raves, or rathes, a frame laid on a
wagon, for carrying hay, etc.]
One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a wagon body or
a sleigh.
Rave \Rave\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Raved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Raving}.] [F. r[^e]ver to rave, to be delirious, to dream;
perhaps fr. L. rabere to rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf.
{Rage}, {Reverie}.]
1. To wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk
or act irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a
madman.
In our madness evermore we rave. --Chaucer.
Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast?
--Addison.
The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went
raving down the valley to the gorge of Kiliecrankie.
--Macaulay.
2. To rush wildly or furiously. --Spencer.
3. To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or excessive passion
or excitement; -- followed by about, of, or on; as, he
raved about her beauty.
The hallowed scene Which others rave on, though they
know it not. --Byron.
Rave \Rave\, v. t.
To utter in madness or frenzy; to say wildly; as, to rave
nonsense. --Young.
Ravehook \Rave"hook\, n. (Shipbuilding)
A tool, hooked at the end, for enlarging or clearing seams
for the reception of oakum.
Ravel \Rav"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Raveled}or {Ravelled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Raveling} or {Ravelling}.] [. ravelen, D.
rafelen, akin to LG. rebeln, rebbeln, reffeln.]
1. To separate or undo the texture of; to take apart; to
untwist; to unweave or unknit; -- often followed by out;
as, to ravel a twist; to ravel out a sticking.
Sleep, that knits up the raveled sleave of care. --Shak.
2. To undo the intricacies of; to disentangle.
3. To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and let them
fall into a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make
intricate; to involve.
What glory's due to him that could divide Such
raveled interests? has he not untied? --Waller.
The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and
indifferent, is so often untwisted by violence, or
raveled and entangled in weak discourses! --Jer.
Taylor.
Ravel \Rav"el\, v. i.
1. To become untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be
relieved of intricacy.
2. To fall into perplexity and confusion. [Obs.]
Till, by their own perplexities involved, They ravel
more, still less resolved. --Milton.
3. To make investigation or search, as by picking out the
threads of a woven pattern. [Obs.]
The humor of raveling into all these mystical or
entangled matters. --Sir W.
Temple.
Raveler \Rav"el*er\, n. [Also raveller.]
One who ravels.
Ravelin \Rave"lin\, n. [F.; cf. Sp. rebellin, It. revellino,
rivellino; perhaps fr. L. re- again + vallum wall.] (Fort.)
A detached work with two embankments with make a salient
angle. It is raised before the curtain on the counterscarp of
the place. Formerly called demilune and half-moon.
Raveling \Rav"el*ing\, n. [Also ravelling.]
1. The act of untwisting, or of disentangling.
2. That which is raveled out; esp., a thread detached from a
texture.
Raven \Ra"ven\, n. [AS. hr[ae]fn; akin to raaf, G. rabe, OHG.
hraban, Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, and perhaps to L. corvus, Gr.
?. ???.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large black passerine bird ({Corvus corax}), similar to the
crow, but larger. It is native of the northern part of
Europe, Asia and America, and is noted for its sagacity.
{Sea raven} (Zo["o]l.), the cormorant.
Raven \Ra"ven\, a.
Of the color of the raven; jet black; as, raven curls; raven
darkness.
Raven \Rav"en\, n. [OF. ravine impetuosity, violence, F. ravine
ravine. See {Ravine}, {Rapine}.] [Written also {ravin}, and
{ravine}.]
1. Rapine; rapacity. --Ray.
2. Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.
Raven \Rav"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ravened}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ravening}.] [Written also ravin, and ravine.]
1. To obtain or seize by violence. --Hakewill.
2. To devoir with great eagerness.
Like rats that ravin down their proper bane. --Shak.
Raven \Rav"en\, v. i.
To prey with rapacity; to be greedy; to show rapacity.
[Written also {ravin}, and {ravine}.]
Benjamin shall raven as a wolf. --Gen. xlix.
27.
Ravenala \Rav`e*na"la\, n. [Malagasy.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants related to the banana.
Note: {Ravenala Madagascariensis}, the principal species, is
an unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves growing
alternately from two sides of the stem. The sheathing
bases of the leafstalks collect and retain rain water,
which flows freely when they are pierced with a knife,
whence the plant is called {traveller's tree}.
Ravener \Rav"en*er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, ravens or plunders. --Gower.
2. A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture. [Obs.] --Holland.
Ravening \Rav"en*ing\, n.
Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion. --Luke xi. 39.
Ravening \Rav"en*ing\, a.
Greedily devouring; rapacious; as, ravening wolves. --
{Rav"en*ing*ly}, adv.
Ravenous \Rav"en*ous\, a. [From 2d {Raven}.]
1. Devouring with rapacious eagerness; furiously voracious;
hungry even to rage; as, a ravenous wolf or vulture.
2. Eager for prey or gratification; as, a ravenous appetite
or desire. -- {Rav"en*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Rav"en*ous*ness},
n.
Raven's-duck \Ra"ven's-duck`\, n. [Cf. G. ravenstuch.]
A fine quality of sailcloth. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Raver \Rav"er\, n.
One who raves.
Ravin \Rav"in\, n.
Ravenous. [Obs.] --Shak.
Ravin \Rav"in\, Ravine \Ravine\, n. [See 2d {Raven}.]
Food obtained by violence; plunder; prey; raven. ``Fowls of
ravyne.'' --Chaucer.
Though Nature, red in tooth and claw With ravine,
shrieked against his creed. --Tennyson.
Ravin \Rav"in\, Ravine \Rav"ine\, v. t. & i.
See {Raven}, v. t. & i.
Ravine \Ra*vine"\, n. [F., a place excavated by a torrent, a
ravine, fr. ravir to snatch or tear away, L. rapere; cf. L.
rapina rapine. See {Ravish}, and cf. {Rapine}, {Raven} prey.]
1. A torrent of water. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
2. A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a stream or
torrent of water; a gorge; a mountain cleft.
Raving \Rav"ing\, a.
Talking irrationally and wildly; as, a raving lunatic. --
{Rav"ing*ly}, adv.
Ravish \Rav"ish\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ravished}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Ravishing}.] [OE. ravissen, F. ravir, fr. L. rapere to
snatch or tear away, to ravish. See {Rapacious}, {Rapid}, and
{-ish}.]
1. To seize and carry away by violence; to snatch by force.
These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin Will
quicken, and accuse thee. --Shak.
This hand shall ravish thy pretended right.
--Dryden.
2. To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy.
``Ravished . . . for the joy.'' --Chaucer.
Thou hast ravished my heart. --Cant. iv. 9.
3. To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force, and
against her consent; to rape. --Shak.
Syn: To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate;
deflour; force.
Ravisher \Rav"ish*er\, n.
One who ravishes (in any sense).
Ravishing \Rav"ish*ing\, a.
Rapturous; transporting.
Ravishingly \Rav"ish*ing*ly\, adv.
In a ravishing manner.
Ravishment \Rav"ish*ment\, n. [F. ravissement. See {Ravish}.]
1. The act of carrying away by force or against consent;
abduction; as, the ravishment of children from their
parents, or a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from
her husband. --Blackstone.
2. The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of
delight; ecstasy. --Spencer.
In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze. --Milton.
3. The act of ravishing a woman; rape.
Ravissant \Rav"is*sant\, a. [F.] (Her.)
In a half-raised position, as if about to spring on prey.
Raw \Raw\, a. [Compar {Rawer}; superl. {Rawest}.] [AS. hre['a]w;
akin to D. raauw, LG. rau, G. roh, OHG. r[=o], Icel. hr[=a]r,
Dan. raa, Sw. r[*a], L. crudus, Gr. kre`as flesh, Skr. kravis
raw flesh. [root]18. Cf. {Crude}, {Cruel}.]
1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the
action of heat; as, raw sienna; specifically, not cooked;
not changed by heat to a state suitable for eating; not
done; as, raw meat.
2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe;
unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw
soldiers; a raw recruit.
Approved himself to the raw judgment of the
multitude. --De Quincey.
3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by
art; unwrought. Specifically:
(a) Not distilled; as, raw water. [Obs.] --Bacon.
(b) Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton.
(c) Not mixed or diluted; as, raw spirits.
(d) Not tried; not melted and strained; as, raw tallow.
(e) Not tanned; as, raw hides.
(f) Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as, the raw
edge of a piece of metal or of cloth.
4. Not covered; bare. Specifically:
(a) Bald. [Obs.] ``With scull all raw.'' --Spencer
(b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore.
(c) Sore, as if by being galled.
And all his sinews waxen weak and raw Through
long imprisonment. --Spenser.
5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; as, a raw wind. ``A raw
and gusty day.'' --Shak.
{Raw material}, material that has not been subjected to a
(specified) process of manufacture; as, ore is the raw
material used in smelting; leather is the raw material of
the shoe industry.
{Raw pig}, cast iron as it comes from the smelting furnace.
Raw \Raw\, n.
A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch
one on the raw.
Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is
a raw. --De Quincey.
Rawbone \Raw"bone`\, a.
Rawboned. [Obs.] --Spencer.
Rawboned \Raw"boned`\, a.
Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt. --Shak.
Rawhead \Raw"head`\, n.
A specter mentioned to frighten children; as, rawhead and
bloodybones.
Rawhide \Raw"hide`\, n.
A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw)
hide twisted.
Rawish \Raw"ish\, a.
Somewhat raw. [R.] --Marston.
Rawly \Raw"ly\, adv.
1. In a raw manner; unskillfully; without experience.
2. Without proper preparation or provision. --Shak.
Rawness \Raw"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being raw.
Ray \Ray\, v. t. [An aphetic form of array; cf. {Beray}.]
1. To array. [Obs.] --Sir T. More.
2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile. [Obs.]
``The fifth that did it ray.'' --Spenser.
Ray \Ray\, n.
Array; order; arrangement; dress. [Obs.]
And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray. --Spenser.
Ray \Ray\, n. [OF. rai, F. rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray,
staff, rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. {Radius}.]
1. One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common
point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of
six rays.
2. (Bot.) A radiating part of the flower or plant; the
marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a
sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other
circular flower cluster; radius. See {Radius}.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting
the fins of fishes.
(b) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of
the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran.
4. (Physics)
(a) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or
reflecting point; a single element of light or heat
propagated continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized
ray.
(b) One of the component elements of the total radiation
from a body; any definite or limited portion of the
spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See Illust.
under {Light}.
5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of
vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the
eye to the object seen.
All eyes direct their rays On him, and crowds turn
coxcombs as they gaze. --Pope.
6. (Geom.) One of a system of diverging lines passing through
a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both
directions. See {Half-ray}.
{Bundle of rays}. (Geom.) See {Pencil of rays}, below.
{Extraordinary ray} (Opt.), that one or two parts of a ray
divided by double refraction which does not follow the
ordinary law of refraction.
{Ordinary ray} (Opt.) that one of the two parts of a ray
divided by double refraction which follows the usual or
ordinary law of refraction.
{Pencil of rays} (Geom.), a definite system of rays.
{Ray flower}, or {Ray floret} (Bot.), one of the marginal
flowers of the capitulum in such composite plants as the
aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower. They have an
elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the
disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed.
{Ray point} (Geom.), the common point of a pencil of rays.
{R["o]ntgen ray}(Phys.), a kind of ray generated in a very
highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge.
It is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to
light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects
by which means pictures showing the internal structure of
opaque objects are made, called radiographs, or sciagraphs
. So called from the discoverer, W. C. R["o]ntgen.
{X ray}, the R["o]ntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer
because of its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic
symbol for an unknown quantity.
Ray \Ray\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rayed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Raying}.] [Cf. OF. raier, raiier, rayer, L. radiare to
irradiate. See {Ray}, n., and cf. {Radiate}.]
1. To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. [From {Ray}, n.] To send forth or shoot out; to cause to
shine out; as, to ray smiles. [R.] --Thompson.
Ray \Ray\, v. t.
To shine, as with rays. --Mrs. Browning.
Ray \Ray\, n. [F. raie, L. raia. Cf. {Roach}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order
Rai[ae], including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc.
(b) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat,
narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See
{Skate}.
{Bishop ray}, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray
({Stoasodon n[`a]rinari}) of the Southern United States
and the West Indies.
{Butterfly ray}, a short-tailed American sting ray
({Pteroplatea Maclura}), having very broad pectoral fins.
{Devil ray}. See {Sea Devil}.
{Eagle ray}, any large ray of the family {Myliobatid[ae]}, or
{[AE]tobatid[ae]}. The common European species
({Myliobatis aquila}) is called also {whip ray}, and
{miller}.
{Electric ray}, or {Cramp ray}, a torpedo.
{Starry ray}, a common European skate ({Raia radiata}).
{Sting ray}, any one of numerous species of rays of the
family {Trygonid[ae]} having one or more large, sharp,
barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also
{stingaree}.
Rayah \Ra"yah\, n. [Ar. ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to
pasture, guard.]
A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax.
[Turkey.]
Ray grass \Ray" grass`\, [Etymol. of ray is uncertain.] (Bot.)
A perennial European grass ({Lolium perenne}); -- called also
{rye grass}, and {red darnel}. See {Darnel}, and {Grass}.
{Italian} {ray, or rye}, {grass}. See {Darnel}, and {Grass}.
Rayless \Ray"less\, a.
Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a
rayless sky; rayless eyes.
Rayon \Ray"on\, n. [F.]
Ray; beam. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Rayonnant \Ray"on*nant\, a. [F.] (Her.)
Darting forth rays, as the sun when it shines out.
Raze \Raze\, n. [See {Rack}.]
A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as
race, a root.
Raze \Raze\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Razed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Razing}.] [F. raser. See {Rase}, v. t.] [Written also
{rase}.]
1. To erase; to efface; to obliterate.
Razing the characters of your renown. --Shak.
2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the
ground; to destroy; to demolish.
The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy. --Dryden.
Syn: To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert;
destroy; ruin. See {Demolish}.
Razed \Razed\, a.
Slashed or striped in patterns. [Obs.] ``Two Provincial roses
on my razed shoes.'' --Shak.
Razee \Ra*zee"\, n. [F. vaisseau ras['e], fr. raser to rase, to
cut down ships. See {Raze}, v. t., {Rase}, v. t.] (Naut.)
An armed ship having her upper deck cut away, and thus
reduced to the next inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down
to a frigate. --Totten.
Razoe \Ra*zoe"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Razeed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Razeeing}.]
To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an
inferior rate or glass, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge
by cutting off or retrenching parts; as, to razee a book, or
an article.
Razor \Ra"zor\, n. [OE. rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor: cf. F.
rasoir, LL. rasorium. See {Raze}, v. t., {Rase}, v. t.]
1. A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the
hair from the face or the head. ``Take thee a barber's
rasor.''
--Ezek. v. 1.
-->
2. (Zo["o]l.) A task of a wild boar.
{Razor fish}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small Mediterranean fish ({Coryph[ae]na novacula}),
prized for the table.
(b) The razor shell.
{Razor grass} (Bot.), a West Indian plant ({Scleria
scindens}), the triangular stem and the leaves of which
are edged with minute sharp teeth.
{Razor grinder} (Zo["o]l.), the European goat-sucker.
{Razor shell} (Zo["o]l.), any marine bivalve shell belonging
to Solen and allied genera, especially {Solen, or
Ensatella, ensis, & Americana}, which have a long, narrow,
somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle in shape.
Called also {rasor clam}, {razor fish}, {knife handle}.
{Razor stone}. Same as {Novaculite}.
{Razor strap}, or {razor strop}, a strap or strop used in
sharpening razors.
Rasorable \Ra"sor*a*ble\, a.
Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.] --Shak.
Razorback \Ra"zor*back"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The rorqual.
Razor-backed \Ra"zor-backed"\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; as, a razor-backed hog,
perch, etc.
Razorbill \Ra"zor*bill\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A species of auk ({Alca torda}) common in the Arctic
seas. See {Auk}, and Illust. in Appendix.
(b) See {Cutwater}, 3.
Razure \Ra"zure\, n. [See {Rasure}.]
1. The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being
effaced; obliteration. See {Rasure}.
2. An erasure; a change made by erasing.
Razzia \Raz"zi*a\, n. [F., fr. Ar. gh[=a]z[=i]a (pron. razia in
Algeria).]
A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a rai?.
Re- \Re-\ [L. re-, older form (retained before vowels) red-: cf.
F. re-, r['e]-.]
A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as, recline,
to lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim,
to call out against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a
knowing again; rejoin, to join again; reiterate, reassure.
Combinations containing the prefix re- are readily formed,
and are for the most part of obvious signification.
Re \Re\ (r[=a]). [It.] (Mus.)
A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the
diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second
tone of any diatonic scale.
Reabsorb \Re`ab*sorb"\, v. t.
To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been
effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again;
as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of fluids.
Reabsorption \Re`ab*sorp"tion\, n.
The act or process of rearbsorbing.
Reaccess \Re`ac*cess"\, n.
A second access or approach; a return. --Hakewill.
Reaccuse \Re"ac*cuse"\, v. t.
To accuse again. --Cheyne.
Reach \Reach\, n.
An effort to vomit. [R.]
Reach \Reach\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reached}({Raught}, the old
preterit, is obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reaching}.] [OE.
rechen, AS. r[=ae]can, r[=ae]cean, to extend, stretch out;
akin to D. reiken, G. reichen, and possibly to AS. r[=i]ce
powerful, rich, E. rich. [root]115.]
1. To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a
limb, a member, something held, or the like.
Her tresses yellow, and long straughten, Unto her
heeles down they raughten. --Rom. of R.
Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my side.
--John xx. 27.
Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far Their
pampered boughs. --Milton.
2. Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially
the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another; to
hand over; as, to reach one a book.
He reached me a full cap. --2 Esd. xiv.
39.
3. To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; too
extend some part of the body, or something held by one, so
as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; as, to reach an
object with the hand, or with a spear.
O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford, Than I
may reach the beast. --Dryden.
4. To strike, hit, or tough with a missile; as, to reach an
object with an arrow, a bullet, or a shell.
5. Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to
penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.
If these examples of grown men reach not the case of
children, let them examine. --Locke.
6. To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue
of extent; as, his hand reaches the river.
Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches
blame. --Milton.
7. To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain;
to be advanced to.
The best account of the appearances of nature which
human penetration can reach, comes short of its
reality. --Cheyne.
9. To understand; to comprehend. [Obs.]
Do what, sir? I reach you not. --Beau. & Fl.
10. To overreach; to deceive. [Obs.] --South.
Reach \Reach\, v. t.
1. To stretch out the hand.
Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste!
--Milton.
2. To strain after something; to make efforts.
Reaching above our nature does no good. --Dryden.
3. To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence,
etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to,
something.
And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top
of it reached to heaven. --Gen. xxviii.
12.
The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone.
--Boyle.
4. (Naut.) To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking
to another, or with the ind nearly abeam.
{To reach after} or {at}, to make efforts to attain to or
obtain.
He would be in the mind reaching after a positive
idea of infinity. --Locke.
Reach \Reach\, n.
1. The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of
reaching or touching with the person, or a limb, or
something held or thrown; as, the fruit is beyond my
reach; to be within reach of cannon shot.
2. The power of stretching out or extending action,
influence, or the like; power of attainment or management;
extent of force or capacity.
Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than
themselves to matters which they least intended.
--Hayward.
Be sure yourself and your own reach to know. --Pope.
3. Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence;
result; scope.
And on the left hand, hell, With long reach,
interposed. --Milton.
I am to pray you not to strain my speech To grosser
issues, nor to larger reach Than to suspicion.
--Shak.
4. An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a
straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to
another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an
arm of the sea extending up into the land. ``The river's
wooded reach.'' --Tennyson.
The coast . . . is very full of creeks and reaches.
--Holland.
5. An article to obtain an advantage.
The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of
his own underhand to cross the design. --Bacon.
6. The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the
forward bolster of a wagon.
Reachable \Reach"a*ble\, a.
Being within reach.
Reacher \Reach"er\, n.
1. One who reaches.
2. An exaggeration. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Reachless \Reach"less\, a.
Being beyond reach; lofty.
Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight. --Bp. Hall.
React \Re*act"\, v. t.
To act or perform a second time; to do over again; as, to
react a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome.
React \Re*act"\, v. i.
1. To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action
of another body by an opposite force; as, every body
reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state.
2. To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a
reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in
opposition.
Reaction \Re*ac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]action.]
1. Any action in resisting other action or force; counter
tendency; movement in a contrary direction; reverse
action.
2. (Chem.) The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents
upon each other, or the action upon such chemical agents
of some form of energy, as heat, light, or electricity,
resulting in a chemical change in one or more of these
agents, with the production of new compounds or the
manifestation of distinctive characters. See {Blowpipe
reaction}, {Flame reaction}, under {Blowpipe}, and
{Flame}.
3. (Med.) An action included by vital resistance to some
other action; depression or exhaustion of vital force
consequent on overexertion or overstimulation; heightened
activity and overaction succeeding depression or shock.
4. (Mech.) The force which a body subjected to the action of
a force from another body exerts upon the latter body in
the opposite direction.
Reaction is always equal and opposite to action,
that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each
other are always equal and in opposite directions.
--Sir I.
Newton (3d Law
of Motion).
5. (Politics) Backward tendency or movement after revolution,
reform, or great progress in any direction.
The new king had, at the very moment at which his
fame and fortune reached the highest point,
predicted the coming reaction. --Macaulay.
{Reaction time} (Physiol.), in nerve physiology, the interval
between the application of a stimulus to an end organ of
sense and the reaction or resulting movement; -- called
also {physiological time}.
{Reaction wheel} (Mech.), a water wheel driven by the
reaction of water, usually one in which the water,
entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery in a
direction opposed to that of its motion by orifices at
right angles, or inclined, to its radii.
Reactionary \Re*ac"tion*a*ry\, a.
Being, causing, or favoring reaction; as, reactionary
movements.
Reactionary \Re*ac"tion*a*ry\, n.; pl. {Reactionaries}.
One who favors reaction, or seeks to undo political progress
or revolution.
Reactionist \Re*ac"tion*ist\, n.
A reactionary. --C. Kingsley.
Reactive \Re*act`ive\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]actif.]
Having power to react; tending to reaction; of the nature of
reaction. -- {Re*act"ive*ly}, adv. -- {Re*act"ive*ness}, n.
Read \Read\, n.
Rennet. See 3d {Reed}. [Prov. Eng.]
Read \Read\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Read}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Reading}.] [OE. reden, r[ae]den, AS. r[=ae]dan to read,
advice, counsel, fr. r[=ae]d advise, counsel, r[=ae]dan
(imperf. reord) to advice, counsel, guess; akin to D. raden
to advise, G. raten, rathen, Icel. r[=a][eth]a, Goth.
r[=e]dan (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr. r[=a]dh to
succeed. [root]116. Cf. Riddle.]
1. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] See {Rede}.
Therefore, I read thee, get to God's word, and
thereby try all doctrine. --Tyndale.
2. To interpret; to explain; as, to read a riddle.
3. To tell; to declare; to recite. [Obs.]
But read how art thou named, and of what kin.
--Spenser.
4. To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or
recite to one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense of,
as of language, by interpreting the characters with which
it is expressed; to peruse; as, to read a discourse; to
read the letters of an alphabet; to read figures; to read
the notes of music, or to read music; to read a book.
Redeth [read ye] the great poet of Itaille.
--Chaucer.
Well could he rede a lesson or a story. --Chaucer.
5. Hence, to know fully; to comprehend.
Who is't can read a woman? --Shak.
6. To discover or understand by characters, marks, features,
etc.; to learn by observation.
An armed corse did lie, In whose dead face he read
great magnanimity. --Spenser.
Those about her From her shall read the perfect ways
of honor. --Shak.
7. To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks; as,
to read theology or law.
{To read one's self in}, to read about the Thirty-nine
Articles and the Declaration of Assent, -- required of a
clergyman of the Church of England when he first
officiates in a new benefice.
Read \Read\, v. t.
1. To give advice or counsel. [Obs.]
2. To tell; to declare. [Obs.] --Spenser.
3. To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to go over
and utter aloud, the words of a book or other like
document.
So they read in the book of the law of God
distinctly, and gave the sense. --Neh. viii.
8.
4. To study by reading; as, he read for the bar.
5. To learn by reading.
I have read of an Eastern king who put a judge to
death for an iniquitous sentence. --Swift.
6. To appear in writing or print; to be expressed by, or
consist of, certain words or characters; as, the passage
reads thus in the early manuscripts.
7. To produce a certain effect when read; as, that sentence
reads queerly.
{To read between the lines}, to infer something different
from what is plainly indicated; to detect the real meaning
as distinguished from the apparent meaning.
Read \Read\, n. [AS. r[=ae]d counsel, fr. r[=ae]dan to counsel.
See {Read}, v. t.]
1. Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice; counsel. See
{Rede}. [Obs.]
2. [{Read}, v.] Reading. [Colloq.] --Hume.
One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a
read. --Furnivall.
Read \Read\,
imp. & p. p. of {Read}, v. t. & i.
Read \Read\, a.
Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; learned.
A poet . . . well read in Longinus. --Addison.
Readable \Read"a*ble\, a.
Such as can be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read;
worth reading; interesting. -- {Read"a*ble*ness}, n. --
{Read"a*bly}, adv,.
Readability \Read`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
The state of being readable; readableness.
Readdress \Re`ad*dress"\, v. t.
To address a second time; -- often used reflexively.
He readdressed himself to her. --Boyle.
Readept \Re`a*dept\, v. t. [Pref. re- + L. adeptus. p. p. of
adipisci to obtain.]
To regain; to recover. [Obs.]
Readeption \Re`a*dep"tion\, n.
A regaining; recovery of something lost. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Reader \Read"er\, n. [AS. r[=ae]dere.]
1. One who reads. Specifically:
(a) One whose distinctive office is to read prayers in a
church.
(b) (University of Oxford, Eng.) One who reads lectures on
scientific subjects. --Lyell.
(c) A proof reader.
(d) One who reads manuscripts offered for publication and
advises regarding their merit.
2. One who reads much; one who is studious.
3. A book containing a selection of extracts for exercises in
reading; an elementary book for practice in a language; a
reading book.
Readership \Read"er*ship\, n.
The office of reader. --Lyell.
Readily \Read"i*ly\, adv.
1. In a ready manner; quickly; promptly. --Chaucer.
2. Without delay or objection; without reluctance; willingly;
cheerfully.
How readily we wish time spent revoked! --Cowper.
Readiness \Read"i*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being ready; preparation; promptness;
aptitude; willingness.
They received the word with all readiness of mind.
--Acts xvii.
11.
Syn: Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude;
promptness; aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness;
dexterity; ease; cheerfulness. See {Facility}.
Reading \Read"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or
written matter to be read.
2. Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a man of
extensive reading.
3. A lecture or prelection; public recital.
The Jews had their weekly readings of the law.
--Hooker.
4. The way in which anything reads; force of a word or
passage presented by a documentary authority; lection;
version.
5. Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the stage; way of
rendering. [Cant]
6. An observation read from the scale of a graduated
instrument; as, the reading of a barometer.
{Reading of a bill} (Legislation), its normal recital, by the
proper officer, before the House which is to consider it.
Reading \Read"ing\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.
2. Addicted to reading; as, a reading community.
{Reading book}, a book for teaching reading; a reader.
{Reading desk}, a desk to support a book while reading; esp.,
a desk used while reading the service in a church.
{Reading glass}, a large lens with more or less magnifying
power, attached to a handle, and used in reading, etc.
{Reading man}, one who reads much; hence, in the English
universities, a close, industrious student.
{Reading room}, a room appropriated to reading; a room
provided with papers, periodicals, and the like, to which
persons resort.
Readjourn \Re`ad*journ"\, v. t.
To adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.
Readjournment \Re`ad*journ"ment\, n.
The act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment.
Readjust \Re`ad*just"\, v. t.
To adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or
relation; to rearrange.
Readjuster \Re`ad*just"er\, n.
One who, or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of
the United States, one who advocates a refunding, and
sometimes a partial repudiation, of the State debt without
the consent of the State's creditors.
Readjustment \Re`ad*just"ment\, n.
A second adjustment; a new or different adjustment.
Readmission \Re`ad*mis"sion\, n.
The act of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted;
as, the readmission fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the
readmission of a student into a seminary.
Readmit \Re`ad*mit"\, v. t.
To admit again; to give entrance or access to again.
Whose ear is ever open, and his eye Gracious to readmit
the suppliant. --Milton.
Readmittance \Re`ad*mit"tance\, n.
Allowance to enter again; a second admission.
Readopt \Re`a*dopt"\, v. t.
To adopt again. --Young.
Readorn \Re`a*dorn"\, v. t.
To adorn again or anew.
Readvance \Re`ad*vance"\, v. i.
To advance again.
Readvertency \Re`ad*vert"en*cy\, n.
The act of adverting to again, or of reviewing. [R.]
--Norris.
Ready \Read"y\, a. [Compar. {Readier}; superl. {Readiest}.] [AS.
r[=ae]de; akin to D. gereed, bereid, G. bereit, Goth.
gar['a]ids fixed, arranged, and possibly to E. ride, as
meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf. {Array}, 1st
{Curry}.]
1. Prepared for what one is about to do or experience;
equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act or
event; prepared for immediate movement or action; as, the
troops are ready to march; ready for the journey. ``When
she redy was.'' --Chaucer.
2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for
lack of being prepared or furnished. ``Dinner was ready.''
--Fielding.
My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things
are ready: come unto the marriage. --Matt. xxii.
4.
3. Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing;
free; inclined; disposed.
I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at
Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus. --Acts
xxi. 13.
If need be, I am ready to forego And quit. --Milton.
4. Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of
any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as, a ready
apprehension; ready wit; a ready writer or workman.
``Ready in devising expedients.'' --Macaulay.
Gurth, whose temper was ready, through surly. --Sir
W. Scott.
5. Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient;
near; easy. ``The readiest way.'' --Milton.
A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground, The
readiest weapon that his fury found. --Dryden.
6. On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with a
following infinitive.
My heart is ready to crack. --Shak.
7. (Mil.) A word of command, or a position, in the manual of
arms, at which the piece is cocked and held in position to
execute promptly the next command, which is, aim.
{All ready}, ready in every particular; wholly equipped or
prepared. ``[I] am all redy at your hest.'' --Chaucer.
{Ready money}, means of immediate payment; cash. ``'Tis all
the ready money fate can give.'' --Cowley.
{Ready reckoner}, a book of tables for facilitating
computations, as of interest, prices, etc.
{To make ready}, to make preparation; to get in readiness.
Syn: Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating; dexterous;
apt; skilful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune;
fitted; prepared; disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See
{Prompt}.
Ready \Read"y\, adv.
In a state of preparation for immediate action; so as to need
no delay.
We ourselves will go ready armed. --Num. xxxii.
17.
Ready \Read"y\, n.
Ready money; cash; -- commonly with the; as, he was supplied
with the ready. [Slang]
Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to law,
or to clear old debts. --Arbuthnot.
Ready \Read"y\, v. t.
To dispose in order. [Obs.] --Heywood.
Ready-made \Read"y-made`\, a.
Made already, or beforehand, in anticipation of need; not
made to order; as, ready-made clothing; ready-made jokes.
Ready-witted \Read"y-wit`ted\, a.
Having ready wit.
Reaffirm \Re`af*firm"\, v. t.
To affirm again.
Reaffirmance \Re`af*firm"ance\, Reaffirmation
\Re*af`fir*ma"tion\n.
A second affirmation.
Reafforest \Re`af*for"est\, v. t.
To convert again into the forest, as a region of country.
Reafforestation \Re`af*for`es*ta"tion\, n.
The act or process of converting again into a forest.
Reagent \Re*a"gent\, n. (Chem.)
A substance capable of producing with another a reaction,
especially when employed to detect the presence of other
bodies; a test.
Reaggravation \Re*ag`gra*va"tion\, n. (R. C. Ch.)
The last monitory, published after three admonitions and
before the last excommunication.
Reagree \Re`a*gree"\, v. t.
To agree again.
Reak \Reak\, n. [????. Cf. {Wrack} seaweed.]
A rush. [Obs.] ``Feeds on reaks and reeds.'' --Drant.
Reak \Reak\, n. [Cf. Icel. hrekkr, or E. wreak vengeance.]
A prank. [Obs.] ``They play such reaks.'' --Beau. & Fl.
Real \Re"al\, n. [Sp., fr. real royal, L. regalis. See {Regal},
and cf. {Ree} a coin.]
A small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of
account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system.
Note: A real of plate (coin) varied in value according to the
time of its coinage, from 121/2 down to 10 cents, or
from 61/2 to 5 pence sterling. The real vellon, or
money of account, was nearly equal to five cents, or
21/2 pence sterling. In 1871 the coinage of Spain was
assimilated to that of the Latin Union, of which the
franc is the unit.
Real \Re*al"\, a.
Royal; regal; kingly. [Obs.] ``The blood real of Thebes.''
--Chaucer.
Real \Re"al\, a. [LL. realis, fr. L. res, rei, a thing: cf. F.
r['e]el. Cf. {Rebus}.]
1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary;
as, a description of real life.
Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all
real, as the dream Had lively shadowed. --Milton.
2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or factitious;
often opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real
Madeira wine; real ginger.
Whose perfection far excelled Hers in all real dignity.
--Milton.
5. Relating to things, not to persons. [Obs.]
Many are perfect in men's humors that are not
greatly capable of the real part of business.
--Bacon.
4. (Alg.) Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical
value or meaning; not imaginary.
5. (Law) Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable,
as to lands and tenements; as, real property, in
distinction from personal or movable property.
{Chattels real} (Law), such chattels as are annexed to, or
savor of, the realty, as terms for years of land. See
{Chattel}.
{Real action} (Law), an action for the recovery of real
property.
{Real assets} (Law), lands or real estate in the hands of the
heir, chargeable with the debts of the ancestor.
{Real composition} (Eccl. Law), an agreement made between the
owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of
the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from
payment of tithes, in consequence of other land or
recompense given to the parson in lieu and satisfaction
thereof. --Blackstone.
{Real estate} or {property}, lands, tenements, and
hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property;
property in houses and land. --Kent. --Burrill.
{Real presence} (R. C. Ch.), the actual presence of the body
and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of
the substance of the bread and wine into the real body and
blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches
there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however
in the sense of transubstantiation.
{Real servitude}, called also {Predial servitude} (Civil
Law), a burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another
estate of another proprietor. --Erskine. --Bouvier.
Syn: Actual; true; genuine; authentic.
Usage: {Real}, {Actual}. Real represents a thing to be a
substantive existence; as, a real, not imaginary,
occurrence. Actual refers to it as acted or performed;
and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we
often say, ``It actually exists,'' ``It has actually
been done.'' Thus its really is shown by its actually.
Actual, from this reference to being acted, has
recently received a new signification, namely,
present; as, the actual posture of affairs; since what
is now in action, or going on, has, of course, a
present existence. An actual fact; a real sentiment.
For he that but conceives a crime in thought,
Contracts the danger of an actual fault.
--Dryden.
Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the
reality of things. --Locke.
Real \Re"al\, n.
A realist. [Obs.] --Burton.
Realgar \Re*al"gar\, n. [F. r['e]algar, Sp. rejalgar, Ar. rahj
al gh[=a]r powder of the mine.] (Min.)
Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red
orpiment. It is also an artificial product.
Realism \Re"al*ism\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]alisme.]
1. (Philos.)
(a) An opposed to nominalism, the doctrine that genera and
species are real things or entities, existing
independently of our conceptions. According to realism
the Universal exists ante rem (Plato), or in re
(Aristotle).
(b) As opposed to idealism, the doctrine that in sense
perception there is an immediate cognition of the
external object, and our knowledge of it is not
mediate and representative.
2. (Art & Lit.) Fidelity to nature or to real life;
representation without idealization, and making no appeal
to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact.
Realist \Re"al*ist\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]aliste.]
1. (Philos.) One who believes in realism; esp., one who
maintains that generals, or the terms used to denote the
genera and species of things, represent real existences,
and are not mere names, as maintained by the nominalists.
2. (Art. & Lit.) An artist or writer who aims at realism in
his work. See {Realism}, 2.
Realistic \Re`al*is"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the
realists; characterized by realism rather than by
imagination.
Realistically \Re`al*is"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In the realistic manner.
Reality \Re*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Realities}. [Cf. F.
r['e]alit['e], LL. realitas. See 3d {Real}. and cf. 2d
{Realty}.]
1. The state or quality of being real; actual being or
existence of anything, in distinction from mere
appearance; fact.
A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in
reality he does not comprehend his meaning.
--Addison.
2. That which is real; an actual existence; that which is not
imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has
objective existence, and is not merely an idea.
And to realities yield all her shows. --Milton.
My neck may be an idea to you, but it is reality to
me. --Beattie.
3. [See 1st {Realty}, 2.] Loyalty; devotion. [Obs.]
To express our reality to the emperor. --Fuller.
4. (Law) See 2d {Realty}, 2.
Realizable \Re"al*i`za*ble\, a.
Capable of being realized.
Realization \Re`al*i*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]alisation.]
The act of realizing, or the state of being realized.
Realize \Re"al*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Realized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Realizing}.] [Cf. F. r['e]aliser.]
1. To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious
into the actual; to bring into concrete existence; to
accomplish; as, to realize a scheme or project.
We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis,
weighting a single grain against the globe of earth.
--Glanvill.
2. To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind as actual;
to feel vividly or strongly; to make one's own in
apprehension or experience.
Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them
[Greek inscriptions] which realize ancient history
to us. --Jowett.
We can not realize it in thought, that the object .
. . had really no being at any past moment. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
3. To convert into real property; to make real estate of; as,
to realize his fortune.
4. To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the
result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get; as, to
realize large profits from a speculation.
Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who
could by diligent thrift realize a good estate.
--Macaulay.
5. To convert into actual money; as, to realize assets.
Realize \Re"al*ize\, v. t.
To convert any kind of property into money, especially
property representing investments, as shares in stock
companies, bonds, etc.
Wary men took the alarm, and began to realize, a word
now first brought into use to express the conversion of
ideal property into something real. --W. Irving.
Realizer \Re"al*i`zer\, n.
One who realizes. --Coleridge.
Realizing \Re"al*i`zing\, a.
Serving to make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality;
as, a realizing view of the danger incurred. --
{Re"al*i`zing*ly}, adv.
Reallege \Re`al*lege"\, v. t.
To allege again. --Cotgrave.
Realliance \Re`al*li"ance\, n.
A renewed alliance.
Re-ally \Re"-al*ly"\, v. t. [Pref. re- + ally, v. t.]
To bring together again; to compose or form anew. --Spenser.
Really \Re"al*ly`\, adv.
Royally. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Really \Re"al*ly\, adv.
In a real manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth.
Whose anger is really but a short fit of madness.
--Swift.
Note: Really is often used familiarly as a slight
corroboration of an opinion or a declaration.
Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old. --Young.
Realm \Realm\, n. [OE. realme, ream, reaume, OF. reialme,
roialme, F. royaume, fr. (assumed) LL. regalimen, from L.
regalis royal. See {Regal}.]
1. A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under
the dominion of a king; a kingdom.
The absolute master of realms on which the sun
perpetually alone. --Motley.
2. Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain;
department; division; as, the realm of fancy.
Realmless \Realm"less\, a.
Destitute of a realm. --Keats.
Realness \Re"al*ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being real; reality.
Realty \Re"al*ty\, n. [OF. r['e]alt['e], LL. regalitas, fr. L.
regalis. See {Regal}.]
1. Royalty. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Loyalty; faithfulness. [R.] --Milton.
Realty \Re"al*ty\, n. [Contr. from 1st {Reality}.]
1. Realty. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
2. (Law)
(a) Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real
property; as, chattels which savor of the realty; --
so written in legal language for reality.
(b) Real estate; a piece of real property. --Blackstone.
Ream \Ream\, n. [AS. re['a]m, akin to G. rahm.]
Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale. [Scot.]
Ream \Ream\, v. i.
To cream; to mantle. [Scot.]
A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of
the hostess, reamed with excellent claret. --Sir W.
Scott.
Ream \Ream\, v. t. [Cf. {Reim}.]
To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or
filaments.
Ream \Ream\, n. [OE. reme, OF. rayme, F. rame (cf. Sp. resma),
fr. Ar. rizma a bundle, especially of paper.]
A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting
of twenty quires or 480 sheets.
{Printer's ream}, twenty-one and a half quires. [Eng.] A
common practice is now to count five hundred sheets to the
ream. --Knight.
Ream \Ream\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reamed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Reaming}.] [Cf. G. r["a]umen to remove, to clear away, fr.
raum room. See {Room}.]
To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in
modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a
reamer.
Reame \Reame\, n.
Realm. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reamer \Ream"er\, n.
One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an instrument
with cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting motion,
for enlarging a round hole, as a bore of a cannon, etc.
Reamputation \Re*am`pu*ta"tion\, n. (Surg.)
The second of two amputations performed upon the same member.
Reanimate \Re*an"i*mate\, v. t.
To animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse
new life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to
reinvigorate; as, to reanimate a drowned person; to reanimate
disheartened troops; to reanimate languid spirits.
--Glanvill.
Reanimation \Re*an"i*ma"tion\, n.
The act or operation of reanimating, or the state of being
reanimated; reinvigoration; revival.
Reannex \Re`an*nex"\, v. t.
To annex again or anew; to reunite. ``To reannex that
duchy.'' --Bacon.
Reannexation \Re*an`nex*a"tion\, n.
Act of reannexing.
Reanswer \Re*an"swer\, v. t. & i.
To answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends
for.
Which in weight to reanswer, his pettiness would bow
under. --Shak.
Reap \Reap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Raped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Reaping}.] [OE. repen, AS. r[=i]pan to seize, reap; cf. D.
rapen to glean, reap, G. raufen to pluck, Goth. raupjan, or
E. ripe.]
1. To cut with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine, as
grain; to gather, as a harvest, by cutting.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt
not wholly reap the corners of thy field. --Lev.???.
9.
2. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest,
or as the fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a
bad sense; as, to reap a benefit from exertions.
Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing For peace,
reap nothing but repulse and hate? --Milton.
3. To clear or a crop by reaping; as, to reap a field.
4. To deprive of the beard; to shave. [R.] --Shak.
{Reaping hook}, an instrument having a hook-shaped blade,
used in reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific sense,
distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen instead of
serrated.
Reap \Reap\, v. i.
To perform the act or operation of reaping; to gather a
harvest.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. --Ps. cxxvi.
5.
Reap \Reap\, n. [Cf. AS. r[=i]p harvest. See {Reap}, v.]
A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper
as it is cut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
Reaper \Reap"er\, n.
1. One who reaps.
The sun-burned reapers wiping their foreheads.
--Macaulay.
2. A reaping machine.
Reapparel \Re`ap*par"el\, v. t.
To clothe again.
Reappear \Re`ap*pear\, v. i.
To appear again.
Reappearance \Re`ap*pear"ance\, v. i.
A second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing
again.
Reapplication \Re*ap`pli*ca"tion\, n.
The act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied.
Reapply \Re`ap*ply"\, v. t. & i.
To apply again.
Reappoint \Re`ap*point"\, v. t.
To appoint again.
Reappointment \Re`ap*point"ment\, n.
The act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed.
Reapportion \Re`ap*por"tion\, v. t.
To apportion again.
Reapportionment \Re`ap*por"tion*ment\, n.
A second or a new apportionment.
Reapproach \Re`ap*proach"\, v. i. & t.
To approach again or anew.
Rear \Rear\, adv.
Early; soon. [Prov. Eng.]
Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear! --Gay.
Rear \Rear\, n. [OF. riere behind, backward, fr. L. retro. Cf.
{Arrear}.]
1. The back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last
on order; -- opposed to {front}.
Nipped with the lagging rear of winter's frost.
--Milton.
2. Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes
last, or is stationed behind the rest.
When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear.
--Milton.
Rear \Rear\, a.
Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost; as, the rear
rank of a company.
{Rear admiral}, an officer in the navy, next in rank below a
vice admiral, and above a commodore. See {Admiral}.
{Rear front} (Mil.), the rear rank of a body of troops when
faced about and standing in that position.
{Rear guard} (Mil.), the division of an army that marches in
the rear of the main body to protect it; -- used also
figuratively.
{Rear line} (Mil.), the line in the rear of an army.
{Rear rank} (Mil.), the rank or line of a body of troops
which is in the rear, or last in order.
{Rear sight} (Firearms), the sight nearest the breech.
{To bring up the rear}, to come last or behind.
Rear \Rear\, v. t.
To place in the rear; to secure the rear of. [R.]
Rear \Rear\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rearing}.] [AS. r[=ae]ran to raise, rear, elevate, for
r[=ae]san, causative of r[=i]san to rise. See {Rise}, and cf.
{Raise}.]
1. To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become erect,
etc.; to elevate; as, to rear a monolith.
In adoration at his feet I fell Submiss; he reared
me. --Milton.
It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts. --Barrow.
Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her banner.
--Ld. Lytton.
2. To erect by building; to set up; to construct; as, to rear
defenses or houses; to rear one government on the ruins of
another.
One reared a font of stone. --Tennyson.
3. To lift and take up. [Obs. or R.]
And having her from Trompart lightly reared, Upon
his set the lovely load. --Spenser.
4. To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate; to
instruct; to foster; as, to rear offspring.
He wants a father to protect his youth, And rear him
up to virtue. --Southern.
5. To breed and raise; as, to rear cattle.
6. To rouse; to strip up. [Obs.]
And seeks the tusky boar to rear. --Dryden.
Syn: To lift; elevate; erect; raise, build; establish. See
the Note under {Raise}, 3
(c) .
Rear \Rear\, v. i.
To rise up on the hind legs, as a horse; to become erect.
{Rearing bit}, a bit designed to prevent a horse from lifting
his head when rearing. --Knight.
Reardorse \Rear"dorse\, Reardoss \Rear"doss\, n.
A reredos.
Rearer \Rear"er\, n.
One he, or that which, rears.
Reargue \Re*ar"gue\, v. t.
To argue anew or again.
Reargument \Re*ar"gu*ment\, n.
An arguing over again, as of a motion made in court.
Rear-horse \Rear"-horse`\, n. [So called because it rears up
when disturbed.] (Zo["o]l.)
A mantis.
Rearly \Rear"ly\, adv.
Early. [Obs.] --Beau. & Ft.
Rearmost \Rear"most`\, a.
Farthest in the rear; last.
Rearmouse \Rear"mouse`\, Reremouse \Rere"mouse`\, n. [AS.
hr[=e]rem[=u]s; probably fr. hr[=e]ran to agitate, stir (akin
to G. r["u]hren, Icel. hr[ae]ra) + m[=u]s mouse.] (Zo["o]l.)
The leather-winged bat ({Vespertilio murinus}). [Written also
{reermouse}.]
Rearrange \Re`ar*range"\, v. t.
To arrange again; to arrange in a different way.
Rearrangement \Re`ar*range"ment\, n.
The act of rearranging, or the state of being rearranged.
Rearward \Rear"ward`\, n. [Rear + ward.]
The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard. Also used
figuratively. --Shak.
Rearward \Rear"ward\, a. & adv.
At or toward the rear.
Reascend \Re`as*cend"\, v. i.
To rise, mount, or climb again.
Reascend \Re`as*cend"\, v. t.
To ascend or mount again; to reach by ascending again.
He mounts aloft, and reascends the skies. --Addison.
Reascension \Re`as*cen"sion\, n.
The act of reascending; a remounting.
Reascent \Re`as*cent"\, n.
A returning ascent or ascension; acclivity. --Cowper.
Reason \Rea"son\, n. [OE. resoun, F. raison, fr. L. ratio (akin
to Goth. rapj? number, account, garapjan to count, G. rede
speech, reden to speak), fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe,
think. Cf. {Arraign}, {Rate}, {Ratio}, {Ration}.]
1. A thought or a consideration offered in support of a
determination or an opinion; a just ground for a
conclusion or an action; that which is offered or accepted
as an explanation; the efficient cause of an occurrence or
a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a determination;
proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a
conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause;
ground of argument.
I'll give him reasons for it. --Shak.
The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel
watch is by the motion of the next wheel. --Sir M.
Hale.
This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the
church was called ``catholic.'' --Bp. Pearson.
Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there
is a natural and eternal reason for that goodness
and virtue, and against vice and wickedness.
--Tillotson.
2. The faculty of capacity of the human mind by which it is
distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior
animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower
cognitive faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and
in contrast to the feelings and desires. Reason comprises
conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional
faculty. Specifically, it is the intuitional faculty, or
the faculty of first truths, as distinguished from the
understanding, which is called the discursive or
ratiocinative faculty.
We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing
anything divine or human, but by our five senses and
our reason. --P. Browne.
In common and popular discourse, reason denotes that
power by which we distinguish truth from falsehood,
and right from wrong, and by which we are enabled to
combine means for the attainment of particular ends.
--Stewart.
Reason is used sometimes to express the whole of
those powers which elevate man above the brutes, and
constitute his rational nature, more especially,
perhaps, his intellectual powers; sometimes to
express the power of deduction or argumentation.
--Stewart.
By the pure reason I mean the power by which we
become possessed of principles. --Coleridge.
The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own
peculiar operation, conceives; the reason, or
rationalized understanding, comprehends.
--Coleridge.
3. Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or
that which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind
rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear and
fair deductions from true principles; that which is
dictated or supported by the common sense of mankind;
right conduct; right; propriety; justice.
I was promised, on a time, To have reason for my
rhyme. --Spenser.
But law in a free nation hath been ever public
reason; the enacted reason of a parliament, which he
denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which
ought to be our law; interposing his own private
reason, which to us is no law. --Milton.
The most probable way of bringing France to reason
would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish
West Indies. --Addison.
4. (Math.) Ratio; proportion. [Obs.] --Barrow.
{By reason of}, by means of; on account of; because of.
``Spain is thin sown of people, partly by reason of the
sterility of the soil.'' --Bacon.
{In reason},
{In all reason}, in justice; with rational ground; in a right
view.
When anything is proved by as good arguments as a
thing of that kind is capable of, we ought not, in
reason, to doubt of its existence. --Tillotson.
{It is reason}, it is reasonable; it is right. [Obs.]
Yet it were great reason, that those that have
children should have greatest care of future times.
--Bacon.
Syn: Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle;
sake; account; object; purpose; design. See {Motive},
{Sense}.
Reason \Rea"son\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reasoned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Reasoning}.] [Cf. F. raisonner. See {Reason}, n.]
1. To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce inferences
from premises; to perform the process of deduction or of
induction; to ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a
systematic comparison of facts.
2. Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of induction,
in order to convince or to confute; to formulate and set
forth propositions and the inferences from them; to argue.
Stand still, that I may reason with you, before the
Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord. --1
Sam. xii. 7.
3. To converse; to compare opinions. --Shak.
Reason \Rea"son\, v. t.
1. To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to
examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss; as,
I reasoned the matter with my friend.
When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and
well reasoned in every part, there is beauty in such
a theory. --T. Burnet.
2. To support with reasons, as a request. [R.] --Shak.
3. To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to reason one
into a belief; to reason one out of his plan.
Men that will not be reasoned into their senses.
--L'Estrange.
4. To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; -- with down;
as, to reason down a passion.
5. To find by logical process; to explain or justify by
reason or argument; -- usually with out; as, to reason out
the causes of the librations of the moon.
Reasonable \Rea"son*a*ble\, a. [OE. resonable, F. raisonnable,
fr. L. rationabilis. See {Reason}, n.]
1. Having the faculty of reason; endued with reason;
rational; as, a reasonable being.
2. Governed by reason; being under influence of reason;
thinking, speaking or acting rationally, or according to
the dictates of reason; agreeable to reason; just;
rational; as, the measure must satisfy all reasonable men.
By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not
admit of any reasonable cause of doubting. --Bp.
Wilkins.
Men have no right to what is not reasonable.
--Burke.
3. Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits; proper;
as, a reasonable demand, amount, price.
Let . . . all things be thought upon That may, with
reasonable swiftness, add More feathers to you
wings. --Shak.
Syn: Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable;
moderate; tolerable. See {Rational}.
Reasonable \Rea"son*a*ble\, adv.
Reasonable; tolerably. [Obs.]
I have a reasonable good ear in music. --Shak.
Reasonableness \Rea"son*a*ble*ness\, n.
Quality of being reasonable.
Reasonably \Rea"son*a*bly\, adv.
1. In a reasonable manner.
2. Moderately; tolerably. ``Reasonably perfect in the
language.'' --Holder.
Reasoner \Rea"son*er\, n.
One who reasons or argues; as, a fair reasoner; a close
reasoner; a logical reasoner.
Reasoning \Rea"son*ing\, n.
1. The act or process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner
of presenting one's reasons.
2. That which is offered in argument; proofs or reasons when
arranged and developed; course of argument.
His reasoning was sufficiently profound. --Macaulay.
Syn: Argumentation; argument.
Usage: {Reasoning}, {Argumentation}. Few words are more
interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there
is a difference between them. Reasoning is the broader
term, including both deduction and induction.
Argumentation denotes simply the former, and descends
from the whole to some included part; while reasoning
embraces also the latter, and ascends from a part to a
whole. See {Induction}. Reasoning is occupied with
ideas and their relations; argumentation has to do
with the forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you
attack, I defend it; you insist, I prove; you
distinguish, I destroy your distinctions; my replies
balance or overturn your objections. Such is
argumentation. It supposes that there are two sides,
and that both agree to the same rules. Reasoning, on
the other hand, is often a natural process, by which
we form, from the general analogy of nature, or
special presumptions in the case, conclusions which
have greater or less degrees of force, and which may
be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience.
Reasonist \Rea"son*ist\, n.
A rationalist. [Obs.]
Such persons are now commonly called ``reasonists'' and
``rationalists,'' to distinguish them from true
reasoners and rational inquirers. --Waterland.
Reasonless \Rea"son*less\, a.
1. Destitute of reason; as, a reasonless man or mind. --Shak.
2. Void of reason; not warranted or supported by reason;
unreasonable.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless. --Shak.
Reassemblage \Re`as*sem"blage\, n.
Assemblage a second time or again.
Reassemble \Re`as*sem"ble\, v. t. & i.
To assemble again.
Reassert \Re`as*sert"\, v. t.
To assert again or anew; to maintain after an omission to do
so.
Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who
will reassert our claim to respectability in
literature. --Walsh.
Reassertion \Re`as*ser"tion\, n.
A second or renewed assertion of the same thing.
Reassessment \Re`as*sess"ment\, n.
A renewed or second assessment.
Reassign \Re`as*sign"\, v. t.
To assign back or again; to transfer back what has been
assigned.
Reassignment \Re`as*sign"ment\, n.
The act of reassigning.
Reassimilate \Re`as*sim"i*late\, v. t. & i.
To assimilate again. -- {Re`as*sim`i*la"tion}, n.
Reassociate \Re`as*so"ci*ate\, v. t. & i.
To associate again; to bring again into close relatoins.
Reassume \Re`as*sume"\, v. t.
To assume again or anew; to resume. -- {Re`as*sump"tion}, n.
Reassurance \Re`as*sur"ance\, n.
1. Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated. --Prynne.
2. (Law) Same as {Reinsurance}.
Reassure \Re`as*sure"\, v. t.
1. To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from
fear or terror.
They rose with fear, . . . Till dauntless Pallas
reassured the rest. --Dryden.
2. To reinsure.
Reassurer \Re`as*sur"er\, n.
One who reassures.
Reasty \Reas"ty\, a. [Etymol. uncertain.]
Rusty and rancid; -- applied to salt meat. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] --Tusser. -- {Reas"ti*ness}, n. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Reata \Re*a"ta\, n. [Sp.]
A lariat.
Reattach \Re`at*tach\, v. t.
To attach again.
Reattachment \Re`at*tach"ment\, n.
The act of reattaching; a second attachment.
Reattain \Re`at*tain"\, v. t.
To attain again.
Reattainment \Re`at*tain"ment\, n.
The act of reattaining.
Reattempt \Re`at*tempt"\, v. t.
To attempt again.
Reaume \Re`aume\, n.
Realm. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
R'eaumur \R['e]`au`mur"\, a.
Of or pertaining to Ren['e] Antoine Ferchault de R['e]aumur;
conformed to the scale adopted by R['e]aumur in graduating
the thermometer he invented. -- n. A R['e]aumur thermometer
or scale.
Note: The R['e]aumur thermometer is so graduated that 0[deg]
marks the freezing point and 80[deg] the boiling point
of water. Frequently indicated by R. Cf. {Centigrade},
and {Fahrenheit}. See Illust. of {Thermometer}.
Reave \Reave\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reaved}, {Reft}, or
{Raft}(obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reaving}.] [AS. re['a]fian,
from re['a]f spoil, plunder, clothing, re['o]fan to break
(cf. bire['o]fan to deprive of); akin to G. rauben to rob,
Icel. raufa to rob, rj[=u]fa to break, violate, Goth.
bir['a]ubon to despoil, L. rumpere to break; cf. Skr. lup to
break. [root]114. Cf. {Bereave}, {Rob}, v. t., {Robe},
{Rove}, v. t., {Rupture}.]
To take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to
rob; to despoil; to bereave. [Archaic]. ``To reave his
life.'' --Spenser.
He golden apples raft of the dragon. --Chaucer.
By privy stratagem my life at home. --Chapman.
To reave the orphan of his patrimony. --Shak.
The heaven caught and reft him of his tongue. --Tennyson.
Reaver \Reav"er\, n.
One who reaves. [Archaic]
Reawake \Re`a*wake"\, v. i.
To awake again.
Rebanish \Re*ban"ish\, v. t.
To banish again.
Rebaptism \Re*bap"tism\, n.
A second baptism.
Rebaptisation \Re*bap`ti*sa"tion\, n. [Cf. F. rebaptisation.]
A second baptism. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Rebaptize \Re`bap*tize"\, v. t. [Pref. re- + baptist: of F.
rebaptiser, L. rebaptizare.]
To baptize again or a second time.
Rebaptizer \Re`bap*tiz"er\, n.
One who rebaptizes.
Rebarbarize \Re*bar"ba*rize\, v. t.
To reduce again to barbarism. -- {Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion}, n.
Germany . . . rebarbarized by polemical theology and
religious wars. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Rebate \Re*bate"\, v. t. [F. rebattre to beat again; pref re-
re- + battre to beat, L. batuere to beat, strike. See
{Abate}.]
1. To beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt;
to turn back the point of, as a lance used for exercise.
But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge. --Shak.
2. To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due,
or customs duties. --Blount.
{Rebated cross}, a cross which has the extremities of the
arms bent back at right angles, as in the fylfot.
Rebate \Re*bate"\, v. i.
To abate; to withdraw. [Obs.] --Foxe.
Rebate \Re*bate"\, n.
1. Diminution.
2. (Com.) Deduction; abatement; as, a rebate of interest for
immediate payment; a rebate of importation duties.
--Bouvier.
Rebate \Re*bate"\, n. [See {Rabbet}.]
1. (Arch.) A restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut
in the corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See {Rabbet}.
2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to
beat out mortar. --Elmes.
3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used
for dressing and polishing wood. --Elmes.
4. [Perhaps a different word.] A kind of hard freestone used
in making pavements. [R.] --Elmes.
Rebate \Re*bate"\, v. t.
To cut a rebate in. See {Rabbet}, v.
Rebatement \Re*bate"ment\, n. [Cf. OF. rabatement, fr. rabatre
to diminish, F. rabatre.]
Same as 3d {Rebate}, v.
Rebato \Re*ba"to\, n.
Same as {Rabato}. --Burton.
Rebec \Re"bec\, n. [F., fr. It. ribeca, ribeba, fr. Ar. rab[=a]b
a musical instrument of a round form.]
1. (Mus.) An instrument formerly used which somewhat
resembled the violin, having three strings, and being
played with a bow. [Written also {rebeck}.] --Milton.
He turn'd his rebec to a mournful note. --Drayton.
2. A contemptuous term applied to an old woman. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Rebel \Reb"el\, a. [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See {Rebel}, v.
t.]
Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt;
rebellious; as, rebel troops.
Whoso be rebel to my judgment. --Chaucer.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law. --Milton.
Rebel \Reb"el\, n. [F. rebelle.]
One who rebels.
Syn: Revolter; insurgent.
Usage: {Rebel}, {Insurgent}. Insurgent marks an early, and
rebel a more advanced, stage of opposition to
government. The former rises up against his rulers,
the latter makes war upon them.
Rebel \Re*bel"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rebelled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rebelling}.] [F. rebeller, fr. L. rebellare to make war
again; pref. re- again + bellare to make war, fr. bellum war.
See {Bellicose}, and cf. {Revel} to carouse.]
1. To renounce, and resist by force, the authority of the
ruler or government to which one owes obedience. See
{Rebellion}.
The murmur and the churl's rebelling. --Chaucer.
Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel
this day against the Lord. --Josh. xxii.
16.
2. To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or
insubordinate attitude; to revolt.
Hoe could my hand rebel against my heart? How could
you heart rebel against your reason? --Dryden.
Rebeldom \Reb"el*dom\, n.
A region infested by rebels; rebels, considered collectively;
also, conduct o? quality characteristic of rebels.
--Thackeray.
Rebeller \Re*bel"ler\, n.
One who rebels; a rebel.
Rebellion \Re*bel"lion\, n. [F. r['e]bellion, L. rebellio. See
{Rebel}, v. t. Among the Romans rebellion was originally a
revolt or open resistance to their government by nations that
had been subdued in war. It was a renewed war.]
1. The act of rebelling; open and avowed renunciation of the
authority of the government to which one owes obedience,
and resistances to its officers and laws, either by
levying war, or by aiding others to do so; an organized
uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or
overthrowing their lawful ruler or government by force;
revolt; insurrection.
No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed
than men of desperate principles resort to it.
--Ames.
2. Open resistances to, or defiance of, lawful authority.
{Commission of rebellion} (Eng. Law), a process of contempt
on the nonappearance of a defendant, -- now abolished.
--Wharton. --Burrill.
Syn: Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistance;
contumacy. See {Insurrection}.
Rebellious \Re*bel"lious\, a.
Engaged in rebellion; disposed to rebel; of the nature of
rebels or of rebellion; resisting government or lawful
authority by force. ``Thy rebellious crew.'' ``Proud
rebellious arms.'' --Milton. -- {Re*bel"lious*ly}, adv. --
{Re*bel"lious*ness}, n.
Rebellow \Re*bel"low\, v. i.
To bellow again; to repeat or echo a bellow.
The cave rebellowed, and the temple shook. --Dryden.
Rebiting \Re*bit"ing\, n. (Etching)
The act or process of deepening worn lines in an etched plate
by submitting it again to the action if acid. --Fairholt.
Rebloom \Re*bloom"\, v. i.
To bloom again. --Crabbe.
Reblossom \Re*blos"som\, v. i.
To blossom again.
Reboant \Re*bo"ant\, a. [L. reboans, p. pr. of reboare; pref.
re- re- + boare to cry aloud.]
Rebellowing; resounding loudly. [R.] --Mrs. Browning.
Reboation \Re`bo*a"tion\, n.
Repetition of a bellow. [R.] --Bp. Patrick.
Reboil \Re*boil"\, v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + boil: cf. F.
rebouillir.]
1. To boil, or to cause to boil, again.
2. Fig.: To make or to become hot. [Obs.]
Some of his companions thereat reboyleth. --Sir T.
Elyot.
Reborn \Re*born"\, p. p.
Born again.
Rebound \Re*bound"\, v. i. [Pref. re- + bound: cf. F. rebondir.]
1. To spring back; to start back; to be sent back or
reverberated by elastic force on collision with another
body; as, a rebounding echo.
Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to
be void of elasticity, will not rebound from one
another. --Sir I.
Newton.
2. To give back an echo. [R.] --T. Warton.
3. To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse. --Pope.
{Rebounding lock} (Firearms), one in which the hammer
rebounds to half cock after striking the cap or primer.
Rebound \Re*bound"\, v. t.
To send back; to reverberate.
Silenus sung; the vales his voice rebound. --Dryden.
Rebound \Re*bound"\, n.
The act of rebounding; resilience.
Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift rebound.
--Dryden.
Rebrace \Re*brace"\, v. t.
To brace again. --Gray.
Rebreathe \Re*breathe"\, v. t.
To breathe again.
Rebucous \Re*bu"cous\, a.
Rebuking. [Obs.]
She gave unto him many rebucous words. --Fabyan.
Rebuff \Re*buff"\, n. [It. ribuffo, akin to ribuffare to
repulse; pref. ri- (L. re-) + buffo puff. Cf. {Buff} to
strike, {Buffet} a blow.]
1. Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden
resistance.
The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud.
--Milton.
2. Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat; refusal;
repellence; rejection of solicitation.
Rebuff \Re*buff"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rebuffed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Rebuffing}.]
To beat back; to offer sudden resistance to; to check; to
repel or repulse violently, harshly, or uncourteously.
Rebuild \Re*build"\, v. t.
To build again, as something which has been demolished; to
construct anew; as, to rebuild a house, a wall, a wharf, or a
city.
Rebuilder \Re*build"er\, n.
One who rebuilds. --Bp. Bull.
Rebukable \Re*buk"a*ble\, a.
Worthy of rebuke or reprehension; reprehensible. --Shak.
Rebuke \Re*buke"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rebuked}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Rebuking}.] [OF. rebouquier to dull, blunt, F. reboucher;
perhaps fr. pref. re- re- + bouche mouth, OF. also bouque, L.
bucca cheek; if so, the original sense was, to stop the mouth
of; hence, to stop, obstruct.]
To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain by
expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and
summarily; to chide; to reprove; to admonish.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered, Nor to
rebuke the rich offender feared. --Dryden.
Syn: To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain; silence.
See {Reprove}.
Rebuke \Re*buke"\, n.
1. A direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; also,
chastisement; punishment.
For thy sake I have suffered rebuke. --Jer. xv. 15.
Why bear you these rebukes and answer not? --Shak.
2. Check; rebuff. [Obs.] --L'Estrange.
{To be without rebuke}, to live without giving cause of
reproof or censure; to be blameless.
Rebukeful \Re*buke"ful\, a.
Containing rebuke; of the nature of rebuke. [Obs.] --
{Re*buke"ful*ly}, adv. [Obs.]
Rebuker \Re*buk"er\, n.
One who rebukes.
Rebukingly \Re*buk"ing*ly\, adv.
By way of rebuke.
Rebullition \Re`bul*li"tion\, n.
The act of boiling up or effervescing. [R.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Rebury \Re*bur"y\, v. t.
To bury again. --Ashmole.
Rebus \Re"bus\, n.; pl. {Rebuses}. [L. rebus by things, abl. pl.
of res a thing: cf. F. r['e]bus. Cf. 3d things, abl. pl. of
res a thing: cf. F. r['e]bus. Cf. 3d {Real}.]
1. A mode of expressing words and phrases by pictures of
objects whose names resemble those words, or the syllables
of which they are composed; enigmatical representation of
words by figures; hence, a peculiar form of riddle made up
of such representations.
Note: A gallant, in love with a woman named Rose Hill, had,
embroidered on his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, a
loaf, and a well, signifying, Rose Hill I love well.
2. (Her.) A pictorial suggestion on a coat of arms of the
name of the person to whom it belongs. See {Canting arms},
under {Canting}.
Rebus \Re"bus\, v. t.
To mark or indicate by a rebus.
He [John Morton] had a fair library rebused with More
in text and Tun under it. --Fuller.
Rebut \Re*but"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rebutted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rebutting}.] [OF. reb??ter to repulse, drive back; pref. re-
+ bouter to push, thrust. See 1st {Butt}, {Boutade}.]
1. To drive or beat back; to repulse.
Who him, recount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight,
Perforce rebutted back. --Spenser.
2. (Law) To contradict, meet, or oppose by argument, plea, or
countervailing proof. --Abbott.
Rebut \Re*but"\, v. i.
1. To retire; to recoil. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. (Law) To make, or put in, an answer, as to a plaintiff's
surrejoinder.
The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a
surrejoinder; on which the defendant. --Blackstone.
Rebuttable \Re*but"ta*ble\, a.
Capable of being rebutted.
Rebuttal \Re*but"tal\, n. (Law)
The giving of evidence on the part of a plaintiff to destroy
the effect of evidence introduced by the defendant in the
same suit.
Rebutter \Re*but"ter\, n. (Law)
The answer of a defendant in matter of fact to a plaintiff's
surrejoinder.
Recadency \Re*ca"den*cy\, n.
A falling back or descending a second time; a relapse. --W.
Montagu.
Recalcitrant \Re*cal"ci*trant\, a. [L. recalcitrans, p. pr. of
recalcitrare to kick back; pref. re- re- + calcitrare to
kick, fr. calx heel. Cf. {Inculcate}.]
Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing repugnance or
opposition; refractory.
Recalcitrate \Re*cal"ci*trate\, v. t.
To kick against; to show repugnance to; to rebuff.
The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and
recalcitrate his tricks. --De Quincey.
Recalcitrate \Re*cal"ci*trate\, v. i.
To kick back; to kick against anything; hence, to express
repugnance or opposition.
Recalcitration \Re*cal`ci*tra"tion\, n.
A kicking back again; opposition; repugnance; refractoriness.
Recall \Re*call"\, v. t.
1. To call back; to summon to return; as, to recall troops;
to recall an ambassador.
2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take back; to
withdraw; as, to recall words, or a decree.
Passed sentence may not be recall'd. --Shak.
3. To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to recollect;
to remember; as, to recall bygone days.
Recall \Re*call"\, n.
1. A calling back; a revocation.
'T his done, and since 't is done, 't is past
recall. --Dryden.
2. (Mil.) A call on the trumpet, bugle, or drum, by which
soldiers are recalled from duty, labor, etc. --Wilhelm.
Recallable \Re*call"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being recalled.
Recallment \Re*call"ment\, n.
Recall. [R.] --R. Browning.
Recant \Re*cant"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recanted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Recanting}.] [L. recantare, recantatum, to recall,
recant; pref. re- re- + cantare to sing, to sound. See 3d
{Cant}, {Chant}.]
To withdraw or repudiate formally and publicly (opinions
formerly expressed); to contradict, as a former declaration;
to take back openly; to retract; to recall.
How soon . . . ease would recant Vows made in pain, as
violent and void! --Milton.
Syn: To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow. See
{Renounce}.
Recant \Re*cant"\, v. i.
To revoke a declaration or proposition; to unsay what has
been said; to retract; as, convince me that I am wrong, and I
will recant. --Dryden.
Recantation \Re`can*ta"tion\, n.
The act of recanting; a declaration that contradicts a former
one; that which is thus asserted in contradiction;
retraction.
The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and
forced to make a public recantation. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Recanter \Re*cant"er\, n.
One who recants.
Recapacitate \Re`ca*pac"i*tate\, v. t.
To qualify again; to confer capacity on again. --Atterbury.
Recapitulate \Re*ca*pit"u*late\, v. t. [L. recapitulare,
recapitulatum; pref. re- re- + capitulum a small head,
chapter, section. See {Capitulate}.]
To repeat, as the principal points in a discourse, argument,
or essay; to give a summary of the principal facts, points,
or arguments of; to relate in brief; to summarize.
Recapitulate \Re`ca*pit"u*late\, v. i.
To sum up, or enumerate by heads or topics, what has been
previously said; to repeat briefly the substance.
Recapitulation \Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion\, n. [LL. recapitulatio: cf.
F. recapitulation.]
The act of recapitulating; a summary, or concise statement or
enumeration, of the principal points, facts, or statements,
in a preceding discourse, argument, or essay.
Recapitulator \Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor\, n.
One who recapitulates.
Recapitulatory \Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry\, a.
Of the nature of a recapitulation; containing recapitulation.
Recapper \Re*cap"per\, n. (Firearms)
A tool used for applying a fresh percussion cap or primer to
a cartridge shell in reloading it.
Recaption \Re*cap"tion\, n. (Law)
The act of retaking, as of one who has escaped after arrest;
reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife, or
children, without force or violence, from one who has taken
them and who wrongfully detains them. --Blackstone.
{Writ of recaption} (Law), a writ to recover damages for him
whose goods, being distrained for rent or service, are
distrained again for the same cause.--Wharton.
Recaptor \Re*cap"tor\, n.
One who recaptures; one who takes a prize which had been
previously taken.
Recapture \Re*cap"ture\ (?; 135), n.
1. The act of retaking or recovering by capture; especially,
the retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.
2. That which is captured back; a prize retaken.
Recapture \Re*cap"ture\, v. t.
To capture again; to retake.
Recarbonize \Re*car"bon*ize\, v. t. (Metal.)
To restore carbon to; as, to recarbonize iron in converting
it into steel.
Recarnify \Re*car"ni*fy\, v. t.
To convert again into flesh. [Obs.] --Howell.
Recarriage \Re*car"riage\, n.
Act of carrying back.
Recarry \Re*car"ry\, v. t.
To carry back. --Walton.
Recast \Re*cast"\, v. t.
1. To throw again. --Florio.
2. To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new from a
shape; to reconstruct; as, to recast cannon; to recast an
argument or a play.
3. To compute, or cast up, a second time.
Recche \Rec"che\, v. i.
To reck. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reccheles \Rec"che*les\, a.
Reckless. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Recede \Re*cede"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Receded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Receding}.] [L. recedere, recessum; pref. re- re- +
cedere to go, to go along: cf. F. rec['e]der. See {Cede}.]
1. To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.
Like the hollow roar Of tides receding from the
instituted shore. --Dryden.
All bodies moved circularly endeavor to recede from
the center. --Bentley.
2. To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to
relinquish what had been proposed or asserted; as, to
recede from a demand or proposition.
Syn: To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw;
desist.
Recede \Re*cede"\, v. t. [Pref. re- + cede. Cf. {Recede}, v. t.]
To cede back; to grant or yield again to a former possessor;
as, to recede conquered territory.
Receipt \Re*ceipt"\, n. [OE. receite, OF. recete, recepte, F.
recette, fr. L. recipere, receptum, to receive. See
{Receive}.]
1. The act of receiving; reception. ``At the receipt of your
letter.'' --Shak.
2. Reception, as an act of hospitality. [Obs.]
Thy kind receipt of me. --Chapman.
3. Capability of receiving; capacity. [Obs.]
It has become a place of great receipt. --Evelyn.
4. Place of receiving. [Obs.]
He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt
of custom. --Matt. ix. 9.
5. Hence, a recess; a retired place. [Obs.] ``In a retired
receipt together lay.'' --Chapman.
6. A formulary according to the directions of which things
are to be taken or combined; a recipe; as, a receipt for
making sponge cake.
She had a receipt to make white hair black. --Sir T.
Browne.
7. A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving of goods
delivered; an acknowledgment of money paid.
8. That which is received; that which comes in, in
distinction from what is expended, paid out, sent away,
and the like; -- usually in the plural; as, the receipts
amounted to a thousand dollars.
{Cross receipts}. See under {Gross}, a.
Receipt \Re*ceipt"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Receipted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Receipting}.]
1. To give a receipt for; as, to receipt goods delivered by a
sheriff.
2. To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping; as, to
receipt a bill.
Receipt \Re*ceipt"\, v. i.
To give a receipt, as for money paid.
Receiptment \Re*ceipt"ment\, n. (O. Eng. Law)
The receiving or harboring a felon knowingly, after the
commission of a felony. --Burrill.
Receiptor \Re*ceipt"or\, n.
One who receipts; specifically (Law), one who receipts for
property which has been taken by the sheriff.
Receit \Re*ceit"\, n.
Receipt. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Receivability \Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being receivable; receivableness.
Receivable \Re*ceiv"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. recevable.]
Capable of being received. -- {Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness}, n.
{Bills receivable}. See under 6th {Bill}.
Receive \Re*ceive"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Received}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Receiving}.] [OF. receiver, recevoir, F. recevoir,
fr. L. recipere; pref. re- re- + capere to take, seize. See
See {Capable}, {Heave}, and cf. {Receipt}, {Reception},
{Recipe}.]
1. To take, as something that is offered, given, committed,
sent, paid, or the like; to accept; as, to receive money
offered in payment of a debt; to receive a gift, a
message, or a letter.
Receyven all in gree that God us sent. --Chaucer.
2. Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into the mind by
assent to; to give admission to; to accept, as an opinion,
notion, etc.; to embrace.
Our hearts receive your warnings. --Shak.
The idea of solidity we receives by our touch.
--Locke.
3. To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like; to give
credence or acceptance to.
Many other things there be which they have received
to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots. --Mark
vii. 4.
4. To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as into one's
house, presence, company, and the like; as, to receive a
lodger, visitor, ambassador, messenger, etc.
They kindled a fire, and received us every one.
--Acts xxviii.
2.
5. To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to have
capacity fro; to be able to take in.
The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too
little to receive the burnt offerings. --1 Kings
viii. 64.
6. To be affected by something; to suffer; to be subjected
to; as, to receive pleasure or pain; to receive a wound or
a blow; to receive damage.
Against his will he can receive no harm. --Milton.
7. To take from a thief, as goods known to be stolen.
8. (Lawn Tennis) To bat back (the ball) when served.
{Receiving ship}, one on board of which newly recruited
sailors are received, and kept till drafted for service.
Syn: To accept; take; allow; hold; retain; admit.
Usage: {Receive}, {Accept}. To receive describes simply the
act of taking. To accept denotes the taking with
approval, or for the purposes for which a thing is
offered. Thus, we receive a letter when it comes to
hand; we receive news when it reaches us; we accept a
present when it is offered; we accept an invitation to
dine with a friend.
Who, if we knew What we receive, would either
not accept Life offered, or soon beg to lay it
down. --Milton.
Receive \Re*ceive"\, v. i.
1. To receive visitors; to be at home to receive calls; as,
she receives on Tuesdays.
2. (Lawn Tennis) To return, or bat back, the ball when
served; as, it is your turn to receive.
Receivedness \Re*ceiv"ed*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being received, accepted, or current;
as, the receivedness of an opinion. --Boyle.
Receiver \Re*ceiv"er\, n. [Cf. F. receveur.]
1. One who takes or receives in any manner.
2. (Law) A person appointed, ordinarily by a court, to
receive, and hold in trust, money or other property which
is the subject of litigation, pending the suit; a person
appointed to take charge of the estate and effects of a
corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding up
its affairs, in certain cases. --Bouvier.
3. One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief, knowing
them to be stolen. --Blackstone.
4. (Chem.)
(a) A vessel connected with an alembic, a retort, or the
like, for receiving and condensing the product of
distillation.
(b) A vessel for receiving and containing gases.
5. (Pneumatics) The glass vessel in which the vacuum is
produced, and the objects of experiment are put, in
experiments with an air pump. Cf. {Bell jar}, and see
Illust. of {Air pump}.
6. (Steam Engine)
(a) A vessel for receiving the exhaust steam from the
high-pressure cylinder before it enters the
low-pressure cylinder, in a compound engine.
(b) A capacious vessel for receiving steam from a distant
boiler, and supplying it dry to an engine.
7. That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or similar system,
at which the message is received and made audible; --
opposed to transmitter.
{Exhausted receiver} (Physics), a receiver, as that used with
the air pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a
vessel the interior of which is a more or less complete
vacuum.
Receivership \Re*ceiv"er*ship\, n.
The state or office of a receiver.
Recelebrate \Re*cel"e*brate\, v. t.
To celebrate again, or anew. -- {Re*cel`e*bra"tion}, n.
Recency \Re"cen*cy\, n. [LL. recentia, fr. L. recens. See
{Recent}.]
The state or quality of being recent; newness; new state;
late origin; lateness in time; freshness; as, the recency of
a transaction, of a wound, etc.
Recense \Re*cense"\, v. t. [L. recensere; pref. re- again +
censere to value, estimate: cf. F. recenser.]
To review; to revise. [R.] --Bentley.
Recension \Re*cen"sion\, n. [L. recensio: cf. F. recension.]
1. The act of reviewing or revising; review; examination;
enumeration. --Barrow.
2. Specifically, the review of a text (as of an ancient
author) by an editor; critical revisal and establishment.
3. The result of such a work; a text established by critical
revision; an edited version.
Recensionist \Re*cen"sion*ist\, n.
One who makes recensions; specifically, a critical editor.
Recent \Re"cent\, a. [L. recens, -entis: cf. F. r['e]cent.]
1. Of late origin, existence, or occurrence; lately come; not
of remote date, antiquated style, or the like; not already
known, familiar, worn out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new;
modern; as, recent news.
The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable
portion of that country [Egypt] was recent, and
formed out of the mud discharged into the
neighboring sea by the Nile. --Woodward.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the present or existing epoch;
as, recent shells.
Recenter \Re*cen"ter\, v. t. [Pref. re- + center.]
To center again; to restore to the center. --Coleridge.
Recently \Re"cent*ly\, adv.
Newly; lately; freshly; not long since; as, advices recently
received.
Recentness \Re"cent*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being recent.
Receptacle \Re*cep"ta*cle\, n. [F. r['e]ceptacle, L.
receptaculum, fr. receptare, v. intens. fr. recipere to
receive. See {Receive}.]
1. That which serves, or is used, fro receiving and
containing something, as a basket, a vase, a bag, a
reservoir; a repository.
O sacred receptacle of my joys! --Shak.
2. (Bot.)
(a) The apex of the flower stalk, from which the organs of
the flower grow, or into which they are inserted. See
Illust. of {Flower}, and {Ovary}.
(b) The dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a common
support to a head of flowers.
(c) An intercellular cavity containing oil or resin or
other matters.
(d) A special branch which bears the fructification in
many cryptogamous plants.
Receptacular \Rec`ep*tac"u*lar\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]ceptaculaire.]
(Bot.)
Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; as, the
receptacular chaff or scales in the sunflower.
Receptaculum \Rec`ep*tac"u*lum\, n.; pl. {Receptacula}. [L.]
(Anat.)
A receptacle; as, the receptaculum of the chyle.
Receptary \Rec"ep*ta*ry\, a.
Generally or popularly admitted or received. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Receptary \Rec"ep*ta*ry\, n.
That which is received. [Obs.] ``Receptaries of philosophy.''
--Sir T. Browne.
Receptibility \Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty\, n.
1. The quality or state of being receptible; receivableness.
2. A receptible thing. [R.] --Glanvill.
Receptible \Re*cep"ti*ble\, a. [L. receptibilis.]
Such as may be received; receivable.
Reception \Re*cep"tion\, n. [F. r['e]ception, L. receptio, fr.
recipere, receptum. See {Receive}.]
1. The act of receiving; receipt; admission; as, the
reception of food into the stomach; the reception of a
letter; the reception of sensation or ideas; reception of
evidence.
2. The state of being received.
3. The act or manner of receiving, esp. of receiving
visitors; entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony of
receiving guests; as, a hearty reception; an elaborate
reception.
What reception a poem may find. --Goldsmith.
4. Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine.
Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines
of their countries have fallen into as extravagant
opinions as even common reception countenanced.
--Locke.
5. A retaking; a recovery. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Receptive \Re*cep"tive\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]ceptif. See {Receive}.]
Having the quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in,
absorb, hold, or contain; receiving or containing; as, a
receptive mind.
Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies. --Glanvill.
Receptiveness \Re*cep"tive*ness\, n.
The quality of being receptive.
Receptivity \Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]ceptivit['e].]
1. The state or quality of being receptive.
2. (Kantian Philos.) The power or capacity of receiving
impressions, as those of the external senses.
Receptory \Re*cep"to*ry\ (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. receptorium a
place of shelter.]
Receptacle. [Obs.] --Holland.
Recess \Re*cess"\, n. [L. recessus, fr. recedere, recessum. See
{Recede}.]
1. A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; as, the
recess of the tides.
Every degree of ignorance being so far a recess and
degradation from rationality. --South.
My recess hath given them confidence that I may be
conquered. --Eikon
Basilike.
2. The state of being withdrawn; seclusion; privacy.
In the recess of the jury they are to consider the
evidence. --Sir M. Hale.
Good verse recess and solitude requires. --Dryden.
3. Remission or suspension of business or procedure;
intermission, as of a legislative body, court, or school.
The recess of . . . Parliament lasted six weeks.
--Macaulay.
4. Part of a room formed by the receding of the wall, as an
alcove, niche, etc.
A bed which stood in a deep recess. --W. Irving.
5. A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or seclusion.
Departure from his happy place, our sweet Recess,
and only consolation left. --Milton.
6. Secret or abstruse part; as, the difficulties and recesses
of science. --I. Watts.
7. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.) A sinus.
Recess \Re*cess"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recessed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Recessing}.]
To make a recess in; as, to recess a wall.
Recess \Re*cess"\, n. [G.]
A decree of the imperial diet of the old German empire.
--Brande & C.
Recessed \Re*cessed"\, a.
1. Having a recess or recesses; as, a recessed arch or wall.
2. Withdrawn; secluded. [R.] ``Comfortably recessed from
curious impertinents.'' --Miss Edgeworth.
{Recessed arch} (Arch.), one of a series of arches
constructed one within another so as to correspond with
splayed jambs of a doorway, or the like.
Recession \Re*ces"sion\, n. [L. recessio, fr. recedere,
recessum. See {Recede}.]
The act of receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim,
or a demand. --South.
Mercy may rejoice upon the recessions of justice.
--Jer. Taylor.
Recession \Re*ces"sion\, n. [Pref. re- + cession.]
The act of ceding back; restoration; repeated cession; as,
the recession of conquered territory to its former sovereign.
Recessional \Re*ces"sion*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to recession or withdrawal.
{Recessional hymn}, a hymn sung in a procession returning
from the choir to the robing room.
Recessive \Re*ces"sive\, a.
Going back; receding.
Rechabite \Re"chab*ite\, n. (Jewish Hist.)
One of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, all of
whom by his injunction abstained from the use of intoxicating
drinks and even from planting the vine. Jer. xxxv. 2-19.
Also, in modern times, a member of a certain society of
abstainers from alcoholic liquors.
Rechange \Re*change"\, v. t. & i.
To change again, or change back.
Recharge \Re*charge"\, v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + charge: cf. F.
recharger.]
1. To charge or accuse in return.
2. To attack again; to attack anew. --Dryden.
Recharter \Re*char"ter\, n.
A second charter; a renewal of a charter. --D. Webster.
Recharter \Re*char"ter\, v. t.
To charter again or anew; to grant a second or another
charter to.
Rechase \Re*chase"\, v. t. [Pref. re- + chase: cf. F.
rechasser.]
To chase again; to chase or drive back.
Recheat \Re*cheat"\, n. [F. requ[^e]t['e], fr. requ[^e]ter to
hunt anew. See {Request}.] (Sporting)
A strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they
have lost track of the game.
Recheat \Re*cheat"\, v. i.
To blow the recheat. --Drayton.
Recherch'e \Re*cher`ch['e]"\, a. [F.]
Sought out with care; choice. Hence: of rare quality,
elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and refined in kind.
Rechless \Rech"less\, a.
Reckless. [Obs.] --P. Plowman.
Rechoose \Re*choose"\, v. t.
To choose again.
Recidivate \Re*cid"i*vate\, v. i. [LL. recidivare. See
{Recidivous}.]
To baskslide; to fall again. [Obs.]
Recidivation \Re*cid`i*va"tion\, n. [LL. recidivatio.]
A falling back; a backsliding. --Hammond.
Recidivous \Re*cid"i*vous\, a. [L. recidivus, fr. recidere to
fall back.]
Tending or liable to backslide or relapse to a former
condition or habit.
Recipe \Rec"i*pe\, n.; pl. {Recipes}. [L., imperative of
recipere to take back, take in, receive. See {Receive}.]
A formulary or prescription for making some combination,
mixture, or preparation of materials; a receipt; especially,
a prescription for medicine.
Recipiangle \Re*cip"i*an`gle\, n. [L. recipere to take + angulus
angle.]
An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one
end, and a graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for
measuring and laying off angles of fortifications.
Recipience \Re*cip"i*ence\, Recipiency \Re*cip"i*en*cy\, n.
The quality or state of being recipient; a receiving;
reception; receptiveness.
Recipient \Re*cip"i*ent\, n. [L. recipiens, -entis, receiving,
p. pr. of recipere to receive: cf. F. r['e]cipient. See
{Receive}.]
A receiver; the person or thing that receives; one to whom,
or that to which, anything is given or communicated;
specifically, the receiver of a still.
Recipient \Re*cip"i*ent\, a.
Receiving; receptive.
Reciprocal \Re*cip"ro*cal\, a. [L. reciprocus; of unknown
origin.]
1. Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.
2. Done by each to the other; interchanging or interchanged;
given and received; due from each to each; mutual; as,
reciprocal love; reciprocal duties.
Let our reciprocal vows be remembered. --Shak.
3. Mutually interchangeable.
These two rules will render a definition reciprocal
with the thing defined. --I. Watts.
4. (Gram.) Reflexive; -- applied to pronouns and verbs, but
sometimes limited to such pronouns as express mutual
action.
5. (Math.) Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation;
often with reference to the substitution of reciprocals
for given quantities. See the Phrases below.
{Reciprocal equation} (Math.), one which remains unchanged in
form when the reciprocal of the unknown quantity is
substituted for that quantity.
{Reciprocal figures} (Geom.), two figures of the same kind
(as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so related
that two sides of the one form the extremes of a
proportion of which the means are the two corresponding
sides of the other; in general, two figures so related
that the first corresponds in some special way to the
second, and the second corresponds in the same way to the
first.
{Reciprocal proportion} (Math.), a proportion such that, of
four terms taken in order, the first has to the second the
same ratio which the fourth has to the third, or the first
has to the second the same ratio which the reciprocal of
the third has to the reciprocal of the fourth. Thus, 2:5:
:20:8 form a reciprocal proportion, because 2:5:
:1/20:1/8.
{Reciprocal quantities} (Math.), any two quantities which
produce unity when multiplied together.
{Reciprocal ratio} (Math.), the ratio between the reciprocals
of two quantities; as, the reciprocal ratio of 4 to 9 is
that of 3/4 to 1/9.
{Reciprocal terms} (Logic), those terms which have the same
signification, and, consequently, are convertible, and may
be used for each other.
Syn: Mutual; alternate.
Usage: {Reciprocal}, {Mutual}. The distinctive idea of mutual
is, that the parties unite by interchange in the same
act; as, a mutual covenant; mutual affection, etc. The
distinctive idea of reciprocal is, that one party acts
by way of return or response to something previously
done by the other party; as, a reciprocal kindness;
reciprocal reproaches, etc. Love is reciprocal when
the previous affection of one party has drawn forth
the attachment of the other. To make it mutual in the
strictest sense, the two parties should have fallen in
love at the same time; but as the result is the same,
the two words are here used interchangeably. The
ebbing and flowing of the tide is a case where the
action is reciprocal, but not mutual.
Reciprocal \Re*cip"ro*cal\, n.
1. That which is reciprocal to another thing.
Corruption is a reciprocal to generation. --Bacon.
2. (Arith. & Alg.) The quotient arising from dividing unity
by any quantity; thus 3/4 is the reciprocal of 4; 1/(a +
b) is the reciprocal of a + b. The reciprocal of a
fraction is the fraction inverted, or the denominator
divided by the numerator.
Reciprocality \Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty\, n.
The quality or condition of being reciprocal; reciprocalness.
[R.]
Reciprocally \Re*cip"ro*cal*ly\, adv.
1. In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the other,
and is equally affected by it; interchangeably; mutually.
These two particles to reciprocally affect each
other with the same force. --Bentley.
2. (Math.) In the manner of reciprocals.
{Reciprocally proportional} (Arith. & Alg.), proportional, as
two variable quantities, so that the one shall have a
constant ratio to the reciprocal of the other.
Reciprocalness \Re*cip"ro*cal*ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being reciprocal; mutual return;
alternateness.
Reciprocate \Re*cip"ro*cate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Reciprocated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Reciprocating}.] [L.
reciprocatus, p. p. of reciprocare. See {Reciprocal}.]
To move forward and backward alternately; to recur in
vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to alternate.
One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies, And draws
and blows reciprocating air. --Dryden.
{Reciprocating engine}, a steam, air, or gas engine, etc., in
which the piston moves back and forth; -- in distinction
from a rotary engine, in which the piston travels
continuously in one direction in a circular path.
{Reciprocating motion} (Mech.), motion alternately backward
and forward, or up and down, as of a piston rod.
Reciprocate \Re*cip"ro*cate\, v. t.
To give and return mutually; to make return for; to give in
return; to unterchange; to alternate; as, to reciprocate
favors. --Cowper.
Reciprocation \Re*cip`ro*ca"tion\, n. [L. reciprocatio: cf. F.
reciprocation.]
1. The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a mutual
giving and returning; as, the reciprocation of kindness.
2. Alternate recurrence or action; as, the reciprocation of
the sea in the flow and ebb of tides. --Sir T. Browne.
Reciprocity \Rec`i*proc"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]ciprocit['e]. See
{Reciprocal}.]
1. Mutual action and reaction.
2. Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights;
reciprocation.
{Reciprocity treaty}, or {Treaty of reciprocity}, a treaty
concluded between two countries, conferring equal
privileges as regards customs or charges on imports, or in
other respects.
Syn: Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality.
Reciprocornous \Re*cip`ro*cor"nous\, a. [L. reciprocus
returning, reciprocal + cornu horn.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having horns turning backward and then forward, like those of
a ram. [R.] --Ash.
Reciprocous \Re*cip"ro*cous\, a.
Reciprocal. [Obs.]
Reciprok \Rec"i*prok\, a. [F. r['e]ciproque, L. reciprocus.]
Reciprocal. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Reciproque \Rec"i*proque\, a. & n. [F. r['e]ciproque.]
Reciprocal. --Bacon.
Recision \Re*ci"sion\, n. [L. recisio, fr. recidere, recisum, to
cut off; pref. re- re- + caedere to cut.]
The act of cutting off. --Sherwood.
Recital \Re*cit"al\, n. [From {Recite}.]
1. The act of reciting; the repetition of the words of
another, or of a document; rehearsal; as, the recital of
testimony.
2. A telling in detail and due order of the particulars of
anything, as of a law, an adventure, or a series of
events; narration. --Addison.
3. That which is recited; a story; a narration.
4. (Mus.) A vocal or instrumental performance by one person;
-- distinguished from concert; as, a song recital; an
organ, piano, or violin recital.
5. (Law) The formal statement, or setting forth, of some
matter of fact in any deed or writing in order to explain
the reasons on which the transaction is founded; the
statement of matter in pleading introductory to some
positive allegation. --Burn.
Syn: Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration; description;
explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See
{Account}.
Recitation \Rec`i*ta"tion\, n. [L. recitatio: cf. F.
r['e]citation. See {Recite}.]
1. The act of reciting; rehearsal; repetition of words or
sentences. --Hammond.
2. The delivery before an audience of something committed to
memory, especially as an elocutionary exhibition; also,
that which is so delivered.
3. (Colleges and Schools) The rehearsal of a lesson by pupils
before their instructor.
Recitative \Rec`i*ta*tive"\, n. [It. recitativo, or F.
r['e]citatif. See {Recite}.] (Mus.)
A species of musical recitation in which the words are
delivered in manner resembling that of ordinary declamation;
also, a piece of music intended for such recitation; --
opposed to melisma.
Recitative \Rec`i*ta*tive"\, a.
Of or pertaining to recitation; intended for musical
recitation or declamation; in the style or manner of
recitative. -- {Rec`i*ta*tive"ly}, adv.
Recitativo \Rec`i*ta*ti"vo\, n. [It.] (Mus.)
Recitative.
Recite \Re*cite"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recited}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Reciting}.] [F. r['e]citer, fr. L. recitare, recitatum;
pref. re- re- + citare to call or name, to cite. See {Cite}.]
1. To repeat, as something already prepared, written down,
committed to memory, or the like; to deliver from a
written or printed document, or from recollection; to
rehearse; as, to recite the words of an author, or of a
deed or covenant.
2. To tell over; to go over in particulars; to relate; to
narrate; as, to recite past events; to recite the
particulars of a voyage.
3. To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.
4. (Law) To state in or as a recital. See {Recital}, 5.
Syn: To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe;
recapitulate; detail; number; count.
Recite \Re*cite"\, v. i.
To repeat, pronounce, or rehearse, as before an audience,
something prepared or committed to memory; to rehearse a
lesson learned.
Recite \Re*cite"\, n.
A recital. [Obs.] --Sir W. Temple.
Reciter \Re*cit"er\, n.
One who recites; also, a book of extracts for recitation.
Reck \Reck\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recked}(obs. imp. {Roughte});
p. pr. & vb. n. {Recking}.] [AS. reccan, r[=e]can, to care
for; akin to OS. r[=o]kian, OHG. ruochan, G. geruhen, Icel.
r[ae]kja, also to E. reckon, rake an implement. See {Rake},
and cf. {Reckon}.]
1. To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard.
[Archaic]
This son of mine not recking danger. --Sir P.
Sidney.
And may you better reck the rede Than ever did the
adviser. --Burns.
2. To concern; -- used impersonally. [Poetic]
What recks it them? --Milton.
Reck \Reck\, v. i.
To make account; to take heed; to care; to mind; -- often
followed by of. [Archaic]
Then reck I not, when I have lost my life. --Chaucer.
I reck not though I end my life to-day. --Shak.
Of me she recks not, nor my vain desire. --M. Arnold.
Reckless \Reck"less\, a. [AS. reccele['a]s, r[=e]cele['a]s.]
1. Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful; indifferent.
--Chaucer.
2. Rashly negligent; utterly careless or heedless.
It made the king as reckless as them diligent. --Sir
P. Sidney.
Syn: Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless; negligent;
indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive;
remiss; rash. -- {Reck"less*ly}, adv. --
{Reck"less*ness}, n.
Reckling \Reck"ling\, a.
Needing care; weak; feeble; as, a reckling child. --H.
Taylor. -- n. A weak child or animal. --Tennyson.
Reckon \Reck"on\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reckoned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Reckoning}.] [OE. rekenen, AS. gerecenian to explain;
akin to D. rekenen to reckon, G. rechnen, OHG. rahnjan), and
to E. reck, rake an implement; the original sense probably
being, to bring together, count together. See {Reck}, v. t.]
1. To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to
calculate.
The priest shall reckon to him the money according
to the years that remain. --Lev. xxvii.
18.
I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the
outside of the church. --Addison.
2. To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by
rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to
esteem; to repute.
He was reckoned among the transgressors. --Luke
xxii. 37.
For him I reckon not in high estate. --Milton.
3. To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a
certain quality or value.
Faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.
--Rom. iv. 9.
Without her eccentricities being reckoned to her for
a crime. --Hawthorne.
4. To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of
chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an
objective clause; as, I reckon he won't try that again.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
Syn: To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate;
value; esteem; account; repute. See {Calculate},
{Guess}.
Reckon \Reck"on\, v. i.
1. To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in
numbering or computing. --Shak.
2. To come to an accounting; to make up accounts; to settle;
to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit; to
adjust relations of desert or penalty.
``Parfay,'' sayst thou, ``sometime he reckon
shall.'' --Chaucer.
{To reckon for}, to answer for; to pay the account for. ``If
they fail in their bounden duty, they shall reckon for it
one day.'' --Bp. Sanderson.
{To reckon on} or {upon}, to count or depend on.
{To reckon with}, to settle accounts or claims with; -- used
literally or figuratively.
After a long time the lord of those servants cometh,
and reckoneth with them. --Matt. xxv.
19.
{To reckon without one's host}, to ignore in a calculation or
arrangement the person whose assent is essential; hence,
to reckon erroneously.
Reckoner \Reck"on*er\, n.
One who reckons or computes; also, a book of calculation,
tables, etc., to assist in reckoning.
Reckoners without their host must reckon twice.
--Camden.
Reckoning \Reck"on*ing\, n.
1. The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the
result of reckoning or counting; calculation.
Specifically:
(a) An account of time. --Sandys.
(b) Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of
obligations, liabilities, etc.
Even reckoning makes lasting friends, and the
way to make reckonings even is to make them
often. --South.
He quitted London, never to return till the day
of a terrible and memorable reckoning had
arrived. --Macaulay.
2. The charge or account made by a host at an inn.
A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a
reckoning. --Addison.
3. Esteem; account; estimation.
You make no further reckoning of it [beauty] than of
an outward fading benefit nature bestowed. --Sir P.
Sidney.
4. (Navigation)
(a) The calculation of a ship's position, either from
astronomical observations, or from the record of the
courses steered and distances sailed as shown by
compass and log, -- in the latter case called dead
reckoning (see under {Dead}); -- also used fro dead
reckoning in contradistinction to observation.
(b) The position of a ship as determined by calculation.
{To be out of her reckoning}, to be at a distance from the
place indicated by the reckoning; -- said of a ship.
Reclaim \Re*claim"\, v. t.
To claim back; to demand the return of as a right; to attempt
to recover possession of.
A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element
perpetually reclaiming its prior occupancy. --W. Coxe.
Reclaim \Re*claim"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reclaimed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Reclaiming}.] [F. r['e]clamer, L. reclamare,
reclamatum, to cry out against; pref. re- re- + clamare to
call or cry aloud. See {Claim}.]
1. To call back, as a hawk to the wrist in falconry, by a
certain customary call. --Chaucer.
2. To call back from flight or disorderly action; to call to,
for the purpose of subduing or quieting.
The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along,
and were deaf to his reclaiming them. --Dryden.
3. To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring under
discipline; -- said especially of birds trained for the
chase, but also of other animals. ``An eagle well
reclaimed.'' --Dryden.
4. Hence: To reduce to a desired state by discipline, labor,
cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being wild,
desert, waste, submerged, or the like; as, to reclaim wild
land, overflowed land, etc.
5. To call back to rectitude from moral wandering or
transgression; to draw back to correct deportment or
course of life; to reform.
It is the intention of Providence, in all the
various expressions of his goodness, to reclaim
mankind. --Rogers.
6. To correct; to reform; -- said of things. [Obs.]
Your error, in time reclaimed, will be venial. --Sir
E. Hoby.
7. To exclaim against; to gainsay. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Syn: To reform; recover; restore; amend; correct.
Reclaim \Re*claim"\, v. i.
1. To cry out in opposition or contradiction; to exclaim
against anything; to contradict; to take exceptions.
Scripture reclaims, and the whole Catholic church
reclaims, and Christian ears would not hear it.
--Waterland.
At a later period Grote reclaimed strongly against
Mill's setting Whately above Hamilton. --Bain.
2. To bring anyone back from evil courses; to reform.
They, hardened more by what might most reclaim,
Grieving to see his glory . . . took envy. --Milton.
3. To draw back; to give way. [R. & Obs.] --Spenser.
Reclaim \Re*claim"\, n.
The act of reclaiming, or the state of being reclaimed;
reclamation; recovery. [Obs.]
Reclaimable \Re*claim"a*ble\, a.
That may be reclaimed.
Reclaimant \Re*claim"ant\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]clamant, p. pr.]
One who reclaims; one who cries out against or contradicts.
Reclaimer \Re*claim"er\, n.
One who reclaims.
Reclaimless \Re*claim"less\, a.
That can not be reclaimed.
Reclamation \Rec`la*ma"tion\, n. [F. r['e]clamation, L.
reclamatio. See {Reclaim}.]
1. The act or process of reclaiming.
2. Representation made in opposition; remonstrance.
I would now, on the reclamation both of generosity
and of justice, try clemency. --Landor.
Reclasp \Re*clasp"\, v. i.
To clasp or unite again.
Reclinant \Re*clin"ant\, a. [L. reclinans, p. pr. See
{Recline}.]
Bending or leaning backward.
Reclinate \Rec"li*nate\, a. [L. reclinatus, p. p.] (Bot.)
Reclined, as a leaf; bent downward, so that the point, as of
a stem or leaf, is lower than the base.
Reclination \Rec`li*na"tion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]clinaison.]
1. The act of leaning or reclining, or the state of being
reclined.
2. (Dialing) The angle which the plane of the dial makes with
a vertical plane which it intersects in a horizontal line.
--Brande & C.
3. (Surg.) The act or process of removing a cataract, by
applying the needle to its anterior surface, and
depressing it into the vitreous humor in such a way that
front surface of the cataract becomes the upper one and
its back surface the lower one. --Dunglison.
Recline \Re*cline"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reclined}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Reclining}.] [L. reclinare; pref. re- re- + clinare
to lean, incline. See {Incline}, {Lean} to incline.]
To cause or permit to lean, incline, rest, etc., to place in
a recumbent position; as, to recline the head on the hand.
The mother Reclined her dying head upon his breast.
--Dryden.
Recline \Re*cline"\, v. i.
1. To lean or incline; as, to recline against a wall.
2. To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position; as, to
recline on a couch.
Recline \Re*cline"\, a. [L. reclinis. See {Recline}, v. t.]
Having a reclining posture; leaning; reclining. [R.]
They sat, recline On the soft downy bank, damasked with
flowers. --Milton.
Reclined \Re*clined"\, a. (Bot.)
Falling or turned downward; reclinate.
Recliner \Re*clin"er\, n.
One who, or that which, reclines.
Reclining \Re*clin"ing\, a. (Bot.)
(a) Bending or curving gradually back from the perpendicular.
(b) Recumbent.
{Reclining dial}, a dial whose plane is inclined to the
vertical line through its center. --Davies & Peck (Math.
Dict.).
Reclose \Re*close"\, v. t.
To close again. --Pope.
Reclothe \Re*clothe"\, v. t.
To clothe again.
Reclude \Re*clude"\ (r[-e]*kl[=u]d), v. t. [L. recludere to
unclose, open; pref. re- again, back, un- + claudere to
shut.]
To open; to unclose. [R.] --Harvey.
Recluse \Re*cluse"\, a. [L. reclus, L. reclusus, from recludere,
reclusum, to unclose, open, in LL., to shut up. See {Close}.]
Shut up, sequestered; retired from the world or from public
notice; solitary; living apart; as, a recluse monk or hermit;
a recluse life
In meditation deep, recluse From human converse. --J.
Philips.
Recluse \Re*cluse"\, n. [F. reclus, LL. reclusus. See {Recluse},
a.]
1. A person who lives in seclusion from intercourse with the
world, as a hermit or monk; specifically, one of a class
of secluded devotees who live in single cells; usually
attached to monasteries.
2. The place where a recluse dwells. [Obs.] --Foxe.
Recluse \Re*cluse"\, v. t.
To shut; to seclude. [Obs.]
Reclusely \Re*cluse"ly\, adv.
In a recluse or solitary manner.
Recluseness \Re*cluse"ness\, n.
Quality or state of being recluse.
Reclusion \Re*clu"sion\, n. [LL. reclusio: cf. F. reclusion.]
A state of retirement from the world; seclusion.
Reclusive \Re*clu"sive\, a.
Affording retirement from society. ``Some reclusive and
religious life.'' --Shak.
Reclusory \Re*clu"so*ry\, n. [LL. reclosorium.]
The habitation of a recluse; a hermitage.
Recoct \Re*coct"\, v. t. [L. recoctus, p. p. of recoquere to
cook or boil over again. See {Re-}, and 4th {Cook}.]
To boil or cook again; hence, to make over; to vamp up; to
reconstruct. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Recoction \Re*coc"tion\, n.
A second coction or preparation; a vamping up.
Recognition \Rec`og*ni"tion\, n. [L. recognitio: cf. F.
recognition. See {Recognizance}.]
The act of recognizing, or the state of being recognized;
acknowledgment; formal avowal; knowledge confessed or avowed;
notice.
The lives of such saints had, at the time of their
yearly memorials, solemn recognition in the church of
God. --Hooker.
Recognitor \Re*cog"ni*tor\, n. [LL.] (Law)
One of a jury impaneled on an assize. --Blackstone.
Recognitory \Re*cog"ni*to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to, or connected with, recognition.
Recognizability \Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or condition of being recognizable.
Recognizable \Rec"og*ni`za*ble\ (?; 277), a.
Capable of being recognized. [Written also {recognisable}.]
-- {Rec"og*ni`za*bly}, adv.
Recognizance \Re*cog"ni*zance\, n. [F. reconnaissance, OF.
recognoissance, fr. recognoissant, p. pr. of recognoistre to
recognize, F. reconna[^i]tre, fr. L. recognoscere; pref. re-
re- + cognoscere to know. See {Cognizance}, {Know}, and cf.
{Recognize}, {Reconnoissance}.] [Written also
{recognisance}.]
1. (Law)
(a) An obligation of record entered into before some court
of record or magistrate duly authorized, with
condition to do some particular act, as to appear at
the same or some other court, to keep the peace, or
pay a debt. A recognizance differs from a bond, being
witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's
seal.
(b) The verdict of a jury impaneled upon assize. --Cowell.
Note: Among lawyers the g in this and the related words
(except recognize) is usually silent.
2. A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge.
That recognizance and pledge of love Which I first
gave her. --Shak.
3. Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal; profession;
recognition.
Recognization \Re*cog`ni*za"tion\, n.
Recognition. [R.]
Recognize \Rec"og*nize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recognized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Recognizing}.] [From {Recognizance}; see
{Cognition}, and cf. {Reconnoiter}.] [Written also
{recognise}.]
1. To know again; to perceive the identity of, with a person
or thing previously known; to recover or recall knowledge
of.
Speak, vassal; recognize thy sovereign queen.
--Harte.
2. To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows; to consent
to admit, hold, or the like; to admit with a formal
acknowledgment; as, to recognize an obligation; to
recognize a consul.
3. To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by salutation,
bowing, or the like.
4. To show appreciation of; as, to recognize services by a
testimonial.
5. To review; to re["e]xamine. [Obs.] --South.
6. To reconnoiter. [Obs.] --R. Monro.
Syn: To acknowledge; avow; confess; own; allow; concede. See
{Acknowledge}.
Recognize \Rec"og*nize\, v. i. (Law)
To enter an obligation of record before a proper tribunal;
as, A, B recognized in the sum of twenty dollars. [Written
also {recognise}.]
Note: In legal usage in the United States the second syllable
is often accented.
Recognizee \Re*cog`ni*zee"\, n. (Law)
The person in whose favor a recognizance is made. [Written
also {recognisee}.] --Blackstone.
Reconizer \Rec"o*ni`zer\, n.
One who recognizes; a recognizor. [Written also
{recogniser}.]
Recognizor \Re*cog`ni*zor"\, n. (Law)
One who enters into a recognizance. [Written also
{recognisor}.] --Blackstone.
Recognosce \Rec"og*nosce\, v. t. [L. recognoscere. See
{Recognizance}.]
To recognize. [R. & Obs.] --Boyle.
Recoil \Re*coil"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Recoiled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Recoiling}.] [OE. recoilen, F. reculer, fr. L. pref. re-
re- + culus the fundament. The English word was perhaps
influenced in form by accoil.]
1. To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to take a
reverse motion; to be driven or forced backward; to
return.
Evil on itself shall back recoil. --Milton.
The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . .
. that we should recoil into our ordinary spirits.
--De Quincey.
2. To draw back, as from anything repugnant, distressing,
alarming, or the like; to shrink. --Shak.
3. To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to retire.
[Obs.] ``To your bowers recoil.'' --Spenser.
Recoil \Re*coil"\, v. t.
To draw or go back. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Recoil \Re*coil"\, n.
1. A starting or falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; as,
the recoil of nature, or of the blood.
2. The state or condition of having recoiled.
The recoil from formalism is skepticism. --F. W.
Robertson.
3. Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a firearm when
discharged.
{Recoil dynamometer} (Gunnery), an instrument for measuring
the force of the recoil of a firearm.
{Recoil escapement} See the Note under {Escapement}.
Recoiler \Re*coil"er\, n.
One who, or that which, recoils.
Recoilingly \Re*coil"ing*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a recoil.
Recoilment \Re*coil"ment\, n. [Cf. F. reculement.]
Recoil. [R.]
Recoin \Re*coin"\, v. t.
To coin anew or again.
Recoinage \Re*coin"age\, n.
1. The act of coining anew.
2. That which is coined anew.
Re-collect \Re`-col*lect"\, v. t. [Pref. re- + collect.]
To collect again; to gather what has been scattered; as, to
re-collect routed troops.
God will one day raise the dead, re-collecting our
scattered dust. --Barrow.
Recollect \Rec`ol*lect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recollected};
imp. & p. p. {Recollecting}.] [Pref. re- + collect: cf. L.
recolligere, recollectum, to collect. Cf. {Recollet}.]
1. To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring back to
the mind or memory; to remember.
2. Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover
self-command; as, to recollect one's self after a burst of
anger; -- sometimes, formerly, in the perfect participle.
The Tyrian queen . . . Admired his fortunes, more
admired the man; Then recollected stood. --Dryden.
Recollect \Rec"ol*lect\, n. [See {Recollet}.] (Eccl.)
A friar of the Strict Observance, -- an order of Franciscans.
[Written also {Recollet}.] --Addis & Arnold.
Recollection \Rec`ol*lec"tion\ (r?k`?l*l?k"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
r['e]collection.]
1. The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the
operation by which objects are recalled to the memory, or
ideas revived in the mind; reminiscence; remembrance.
2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period
within which things can be recollected; remembrance;
memory; as, an event within my recollection.
3. That which is recollected; something called to mind;
reminiscence. ``One of his earliest recollections.''
--Macaulay.
4. The act or practice of collecting or concentrating the
mind; concentration; self-control. [Archaic]
From such an education Charles contracted habits of
gravity and recollection. --Robertson.
Syn: Reminiscence; remembrance. See {Memory}.
Recollective \Rec`ol*lect"ive\ (-l?k"t?v), a.
Having the power of recollecting. --J. Foster.
Recollet \Rec"ol*let\ (r?k"?l*l?t; F. r?`k?`l?"), n. [F.
r['e]collet, fr. L. recollectus, p. p. of recolligere to
gather again, to gather up; NL., to collect one's self, esp.
for religious contemplation.] (Eccl.)
Same as {Recollect}, n.
Recolonization \Re*col`o*ni*za"tion\ (r?*k?l`?*n?*z?"sh?n), n.
A second or renewed colonization.
Recolonize \Re*col"o*nize\ (r?*k?l"?*n?z), v. t.
To colonize again.
Recombination \Re*com`bi*na"tion\ (r?*k?m`b?*n?"sh?n), n.
Combination a second or additional time.
Recombine \Re`com*bine"\ (r?`k?m*b?n"), v. t.
To combine again.
Recomfort \Re*com"fort\ (r?*k?m"f?rt), v. t. [Pref. re- +
comfort: cf. F. r['e]conforter.]
To comfort again; to console anew; to give new strength to.
--Bacon.
Gan her recomfort from so sad affright. --Spenser.
Recomfortless \Re*com"fort*less\, a.
Without comfort. [Obs.]
Recomforture \Re*com"for*ture\ (-f?r*t?r;135), n.
The act of recomforting; restoration of comfort. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Recommence \Re`com*mence"\ (r?`k?m*m?ns"), v. i.
1. To commence or begin again. --Howell.
2. To begin anew to be; to act again as. [Archaic.]
He seems desirous enough of recommencing courtier.
--Johnson.
Recommence \Re`com*mence"\, v. t. [Pref. re- + commence: cf. F.
recommencer.]
To commence again or anew.
Recommencement \Re`com*mence"ment\ (-ment), n.
A commencement made anew.
Recommend \Rec`om*mend"\ (r?k`?m*m?nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Recommended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Recommending}.] [Pref. re- +
commend: cf. F. recommander.]
1. To commend to the favorable notice of another; to commit
to another's care, confidence, or acceptance, with
favoring representations; to put in a favorable light
before any one; to bestow commendation on; as, he
recommended resting the mind and exercising the body.
M[ae]cenas recommended Virgil and Horace to
Augustus, whose praises . . . have made him precious
to posterity. --Dryden.
2. To make acceptable; to attract favor to.
A decent boldness ever meets with friends, Succeeds,
and e'en a stranger recommends. --Pope.
3. To commit; to give in charge; to commend.
Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by
the brethren unto the grace of God. --Acts xv. 40.
Recommendable \Rec`om*mend"a*ble\ (-?*b'l), a. [Cf. F.
recommandable.]
Suitable to be recommended; worthy of praise; commendable.
--Glanvill. -- {Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness}, n. --
{Rec`om*mend"a*bly}, adv.
Recommendation \Rec`om*men*da"tion\ (r?k`?m*m?n*d?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. recommandation.]
1. The act of recommending.
2. That which recommends, or commends to favor; anything
procuring, or tending to procure, a favorable reception,
or to secure acceptance and adoption; as, he brought
excellent recommendations.
3. The state of being recommended; esteem. [R.]
The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had
in an extraordinary recommendation amongst the
ancient. --Sir T.
North.
Recommendative \Rec`om*mend"a*tive\ (-m?nd"?*t?v), n.
That which recommends; a recommendation. [Obs.]
Recommendatory \Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry\ (-?*t?*r?), a.
Serving to recommend; recommending; commendatory. --Swift.
Recommender \Rec`om*mend"er\ (-?r), n.
One who recommends.
Recommission \Re`com*mis"sion\ (r?`k?m*m?sh?n), v. t.
To commission again; to give a new commission to.
Officers whose time of service had expired were to be
recommissioned. --Marshall.
Recommit \Re`com*mit"\ (-m?t"), v. t.
To commit again; to give back into keeping; specifically, to
refer again to a committee; as, to recommit a bill to the
same committee.
Recommitment \Re`com*mit"ment\ (-ment), Recommittal
\Re`com*mit"tal\ (-?l), n.
A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a
committee.
Recompact \Re`com*pact"\ (-p?kt"), v. t.
To compact or join anew. ``Recompact my scattered body.''
--Donne.
Recompensation \Re*com`pen*sa"tion\ (r?*k?m`p?n*s?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. LL. recompensatio.]
1. Recompense. [Obs.]
2. (Scots Law) Used to denote a case where a set-off pleaded
by the defendant is met by a set-off pleaded by the
plaintiff.
Recompense \Rec"om*pense\ (r[e^]k"[o^]m*p[e^]ns), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. {Recompensed} (-p?nst); p. pr. & vb. n. {Recompensing}
(-p?n`s?ng).] [F. r['e]compenser, LL. recompensare, fr.L.
pref. re- re- + compensare to compensate. See {Compensate}.]
1. To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to
requite; to remunerate; to compensate.
He can not recompense me better. --Shak.
2. To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to
atone for; to pay for.
God recompenseth the gift. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
To recompense My rash, but more unfortunate,
misdeed. --Milton.
3. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something
earned or deserved. [R.]
Recompense to no man evil for evil. --Rom. xii.
17.
Syn: To repay; requite; compensate; reward; remunerate.
Recompense \Rec"om*pense\ (r?k"?m*p?ns), v. i.
To give recompense; to make amends or requital. [Obs.]
Recompense \Rec"om*pense\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]compense.]
An equivalent returned for anything done, suffered, or given;
compensation; requital; suitable return.
To me belongeth vengeance, and recompense. --Deut.
xxii. 35.
And every transgression and disobedience received a
just recompense of reward. --Heb. ii. 2.
Syn: Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends;
satisfaction; reward; requital.
Recompensement \Rec"om*pense`ment\ (-p?ns`m?nt), n.
Recompense; requital. [Obs.] --Fabyan.
Recompenser \Rec"om*pen`ser\ (-p?n`s?r), n.
One who recompenses.
A thankful recompenser of the benefits received.
--Foxe.
Recompensive \Rec"om*pen`sive\ (-s?v), a.
Of the nature of recompense; serving to recompense. --Sir T.
Browne.
Recompilation \Re*com`pi*la"tion\ (r?*k?m`p?*l?"tion), n.
A new compilation.
Recompile \Re`com*pile"\ (r[=e]`k[o^]m*p[=i]l"), v. t.
To compile anew.
Recompilement \Re`com*pile"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of recompiling; new compilation or digest; as, a
recompilement of the laws. --Bacon.
Recompose \Re`com*pose"\ (-p?z"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Recomposed} (-p?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Recomposing}.] [Pref.
re- + compose: cf. F. recomposer.]
1. To compose again; to form anew; to put together again or
repeatedly.
The far greater number of the objects presented to
our observation can only be decomposed, but not
actually recomposed. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to tranquilize;
as, to recompose the mind. --Jer. Taylor.
Recomposer \Re`com*pos"er\ (-p?z"?r), n.
One who recomposes.
Recomposition \Re*com`po*si"tion\ (r?*k?m`p?z?sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
recomposition.]
The act of recomposing.
Reconcilable \Rec"on*ci`la*ble\ (r?k"?n*s?`l?*b'l), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]conciliable.]
Capable of being reconciled; as, reconcilable adversaries; an
act reconciable with previous acts.
The different accounts of the numbers of ships are
reconcilable. --Arbuthnot.
-- {Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness}, n. -- {Rec"on*ci`la*bly}, adv.
Reconcile \Rec"on*cile`\ (-s?l`), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Reconciled} (-s?ld`); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reconciling}.] [F.
r['e]concilier, L. reconciliare; pref. re- re- + conciliare
to bring together, to unite. See {Conciliate}.]
1. To cause to be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to
restore to friendship; to bring back to harmony; to cause
to be no longer at variance; as, to reconcile persons who
have quarreled.
Propitious now and reconciled by prayer. --Dryden.
The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be
reconciled [i.e., restored to sanctity] by the
bishop. --Chaucer.
We pray you . . . be ye reconciled to God. --2 Cor.
v. 20.
2. To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet submission;
as, to reconcile one's self to affictions.
3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or
suitableness; -- followed by with or to.
The great men among the ancients understood how to
reconcile manual labor with affairs of state.
--Locke.
Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear,
Considered singly, or beheld too near; Which, but
proportioned to their light or place, Due distance
reconciles to form and grace. --Pope.
4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile differences.
Syn: To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify;
appease.
Reconcile \Rec"on*cile`\, v. i.
To become reconciled. [Obs.]
Reconcilement \Rec"on*cile`ment\ (-ment), n.
Reconciliation. --Milton.
Reconciler \Rec"on*ci`ler\ (-s?`l?r), n.
One who reconciles.
Reconciliation \Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion\ (-s?l`?*?"sh?n), n. [F.
r['e]conciliation, L. reconciliatio.]
1. The act of reconciling, or the state of being reconciled;
reconcilenment; restoration to harmony; renewal of
friendship.
Reconciliation and friendship with God really form
the basis of all rational and true enjoyment. --S.
Miller.
2. Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal of
inconsistency; harmony.
A clear and easy reconciliation of those seeming
inconsistencies of Scripture. --D. Rogers.
Syn: Reconcilement; reunion; pacification; appeasement;
propitiation; atonement; expiation.
Reconciliatory \Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry\ (-s?l"?*?*t?*r?), a.
Serving or tending to reconcile. --Bp. Hall.
Recondensation \Re*con`den*sa"tion\ (r?*k?n`d?n*s?"sh?n), n.
The act or process of recondensing.
Recondense \Re`con*dense"\ (r[=e]`k[o^]n*d[e^]ns"), v. t.
To condense again.
Recondite \Rec"on*dite\ (r?k"?n*d?t or r?*k?n"d?t; 277), a. [L.
reconditus, p. p. of recondere to put up again, to lay up, to
conceal; pref. re- re- + condere to bring or lay together.
See {Abscond}.]
1. Hidden from the mental or intellectual view; secret;
abstruse; as, recondite causes of things.
2. Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching; as,
recondite studies. ``Recondite learning.'' --Bp. Horsley.
Reconditory \Re*con"di*to*ry\ (r?k?n"d?*t?*r?), n. [LL.
reconditorium.]
A repository; a storehouse. [Obs.] --Ash.
Reconduct \Re`con*duct"\ (r[=e]`k[o^]n*d[u^]kt"), v. t.
To conduct back or again. ``A guide to reconduct thy steps.''
--Dryden.
Reconfirm \Re`con*firm"\ (-f?rm"), v. t. [Pref. re- + confirm:
cf. F. reconfirmer.]
To confirm anew. --Clarendon.
Reconfort \Re`con*fort"\ (-f?rt"), v. t. [F. r['e]conforter.]
To recomfort; to comfort. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reconjoin \Re`con*join"\ (r?`k?n*join"), v. t.
To join or conjoin anew. --Boyle.
Reconnoissance \Re*con"nois*sance\, Reconnaissance
\Re*con"nais*sance\ (r?-k?n"n?s-s?ns), n. [F. See
{Recognizance}.]
The act of reconnoitering; preliminary examination or survey.
Specifically:
(a) (Geol.) An examination or survey of a region in reference
to its general geological character.
(b) (Engin.) An examination of a region as to its general
natural features, preparatory to a more particular survey
for the purposes of triangulation, or of determining the
location of a public work.
(c) (Mil.) An examination of a territory, or of an enemy's
position, for the purpose of obtaining information
necessary for directing military operations; a
preparatory expedition.
{Reconnoissance in force} (Mil.), a demonstration or attack
by a large force of troops for the purpose of discovering
the position and strength of an enemy.
Reconnoiter \Rec`on*noi"ter\, Reconnoitre \Rec`on*noi"tre\
(r?k`?n*noi"t?r), v. t. [F. reconnoitre, a former spelling of
reconna[^i]tre. See {Recognize}.]
1. To examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination
or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military or
engineering operations.
2. To recognize. [Obs.] --Sir H. Walpole.
Reconquer \Re*con"quer\ (r?*k?n"k?r), v. t. [Pref. re- +
conquer: cf. F. reconqu['e]rir.]
To conquer again; to recover by conquest; as, to reconquer a
revolted province.
Reconquest \Re*con"quest\ (-kw?st), n.
A second conquest.
Reconsecrate \Re*con"se*crate\ (-k?n"s?*kr?t), v. t.
To consecrate anew or again.
Reconsecration \Re*con`se*cra"tion\, n.
Renewed consecration.
Reconsider \Re`con*sid"er\ (r?`k?n*s?d"?r), v. t.
1. To consider again; as, to reconsider a subject.
2. (Parliamentary Practice) To take up for renewed
consideration, as a motion or a vote which has been
previously acted upon.
Reconsideration \Re`con*sid`er*a"tion\ (-?"sh?n), n.
The act of reconsidering, or the state of being reconsidered;
as, the reconsideration of a vote in a legislative body.
Reconsolate \Re*con"so*late\ (r?*k?n"s?*l?t), v. t.
To console or comfort again. [Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Reconsolidate \Re`con*sol"i*date\ (r?`k?n*s?l"?*d?t), v. t.
To consolidate anew or again.
Reconsolidation \Re`con*sol`i*da"tion\ (-d?"sh?n), n.
The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being
reconsolidated.
Reconstruct \Re`con*struct"\ (-str?kt"), v. t.
To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or
anew.
Regiments had been dissolved and reconstructed.
--Macaulay.
Reconstruction \Re`con*struc"tion\ (-str?k"sh?n), n.
1. The act of constructing again; the state of being
reconstructed.
2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of reorganizing the
governments of the States which had passed ordinances of
secession, and of re["e]stablishing their constitutional
relations to the national government, after the close of
the Civil War.
Reconstructive \Re`con*struct"ive\ (-str?k"t?v), a.
Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; as, a reconstructive
policy.
Recontinuance \Re`con*tin"u*ance\ (-t?n"?*?ns), n.
The act or state of recontinuing.
Recontinue \Re`con*tin"ue\ (-?), v. t. & i.
To continue anew.
Reconvene \Re`con*vene"\ (r?`k?n*v?n"), v. t. & i.
To convene or assemble again; to call or come together again.
Reconvention \Re`con*ven"tion\ (-v?n"sh?n), n. (Civil Law)
A cross demand; an action brought by the defendant against
the plaintiff before the same judge. --Burrill. Bouvier.
Reconversion \Re`con*ver"sion\ (-v?r"sh?n), n.
A second conversion.
Reconvert \Re`con*vert"\ (-v?rt"), v. t.
To convert again. --Milton.
Reconvert \Re*con"vert\ (r?*k?n"v?rt), n.
A person who has been reconverted. --Gladstone.
Reconvertible \Re`con*vert"i*ble\ (r?`k?n*v?rt"?*b'l), a.
(Chem.)
Capable of being reconverted; convertible again to the
original form or condition.
Reconvey \Re`con*vey"\ (-v?"), v. t.
1. To convey back or to the former place; as, to reconvey
goods.
2. To transfer back to a former owner; as, to reconvey an
estate.
Reconveyance \Re`con*vey"ance\ (-v?"?ns), n.
Act of reconveying.
Recopy \Re*cop"y\ (r?*k?p"?), v. t.
To copy again.
Record \Re*cord"\ (r?*k?rd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recorded}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Recording}.] [OE. recorden to repeat, remind,
F. recorder, fr. L. recordari to remember; pref. re- re- +
cor, cordis, the heart or mind. See {Cordial}, {Heart}.]
1. To recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; to meditate.
[Obs.] ``I it you record.'' --Chaucer.
2. To repeat; to recite; to sing or play. [Obs.]
They longed to see the day, to hear the lark Record
her hymns, and chant her carols blest. --Fairfax.
3. To preserve the memory of, by committing to writing, to
printing, to inscription, or the like; to make note of; to
write or enter in a book or on parchment, for the purpose
of preserving authentic evidence of; to register; to
enroll; as, to record the proceedings of a court; to
record historical events.
Those things that are recorded of him . . . are
written in the chronicles of the kings. --1 Esd. i.
42.
{To record a deed}, {mortgage}, {lease}, etc., to have a copy
of the same entered in the records of the office
designated by law, for the information of the public.
Record \Re*cord"\, v. i.
1. To reflect; to ponder. [Obs.]
Praying all the way, and recording upon the words
which he before had read. --Fuller.
2. To sing or repeat a tune. [Obs.] --Shak.
Whether the birds or she recorded best. --W. Browne.
Record \Rec"ord\ (r[e^]k"[~e]rd), n. [OF. recort, record,
remembrance, attestation, record. See {Record}, v. t.]
1. A writing by which some act or event, or a number of acts
or events, is recorded; a register; as, a record of the
acts of the Hebrew kings; a record of the variations of
temperature during a certain time; a family record.
2. Especially:
(a) An official contemporaneous writing by which the acts
of some public body, or public officer, are recorded;
as, a record of city ordinances; the records of the
receiver of taxes.
(b) An authentic official copy of a document which has
been entered in a book, or deposited in the keeping of
some officer designated by law.
(c) An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the
proceedings of a court of justice; a judicial record.
(d) The various legal papers used in a case, together with
memoranda of the proceedings of the court; as, it is
not permissible to allege facts not in the record.
3. Testimony; witness; attestation.
John bare record, saying. --John i. 32.
4. That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of acts or
events; a monument; a memorial.
5. That which has been, or might be, recorded; the known
facts in the course, progress, or duration of anything, as
in the life of a public man; as, a politician with a good
or a bad record.
6. That which has been publicly achieved in any kind of
competitive sport as recorded in some authoritative
manner, as the time made by a winning horse in a race.
{Court of record} (pron. r?*k?rd" in Eng.), a court whose
acts and judicial proceedings are written on parchment or
in books for a perpetual memorial.
{Debt of record}, a debt which appears to be due by the
evidence of a court of record, as upon a judgment or a
cognizance.
{Trial by record}, a trial which is had when a matter of
record is pleaded, and the opposite party pleads that
there is no such record. In this case the trial is by
inspection of the record itself, no other evidence being
admissible. --Blackstone.
{To beat}, or {break}, {the record} (Sporting), to surpass
any performance of like kind as authoritatively recorded;
as, to break the record in a walking match.
Recordance \Re*cord"ance\ (r?*k?rd"?ns), n.
Remembrance. [Obs.]
Recordation \Rec`or*da"tion\ (r?k`?r*d?"sh?n), n. [L.
recordatio: cf. F. recordation. See {Record}, v. t.]
Remembrance; recollection; also, a record. [Obs.] --Shak.
Recorder \Re*cord"er\ (r?*k?rd"?r), n.
1. One who records; specifically, a person whose official
duty it is to make a record of writings or transactions.
2. The title of the chief judical officer of some cities and
boroughs; also, of the chief justice of an East Indian
settlement. The Recorder of London is judge of the Lord
Mayor's Court, and one of the commissioners of the Central
Criminal Court.
3. (Mus.) A kind of wind instrument resembling the flageolet.
[Obs.] ``Flutes and soft recorders.'' --Milton.
Recordership \Re*cord"er*ship\, n.
The office of a recorder.
Recording \Re*cord"ing\, a.
Keeping a record or a register; as, a recording secretary; --
applied to numerous instruments with an automatic appliance
which makes a record of their action; as, a recording gauge
or telegraph.
Recorporification \Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion\
(r?`k?r*p?r`?*f?*k?"sh?n), n.
The act of investing again with a body; the state of being
furnished anew with a body. [R.] --Boyle.
Recouch \Re*couch"\ (r?*kouch"), v. i. [Pref. re- + couch: cf.
F. recoucher.]
To retire again to a couch; to lie down again. [Obs.] --Sir
H. Wotton.
Recount \Re*count"\ (r[=e]*kount"), v. t. [Pref. re- + count.]
To count or reckon again.
Recount \Re*count"\, n.
A counting again, as of votes.
Recount \Re*count"\ (r[-e]*kount"), v. t. [F. raconter to
relate, to recount; pref. re- again + ? (L. ad.) + conter to
relate. See {Count}, v.]
To tell over; to relate in detail; to recite; to tell or
narrate the particulars of; to rehearse; to enumerate; as, to
recount one's blessings. --Dryden.
To all his angels, who, with true applause, Recount his
praises. --Milton.
Recountment \Re*count`ment\ (-ment), n.
Recital. [Obs.] --Shak.
Recoup \Re*coup"\, Recoupe \Re*coupe"\ (-k??p"), v. t. [F.
recouper; pref. re- re- + couper to cut.]
1. (Law) To keep back rightfully (a part), as if by cutting
off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take off (a part)
from damages; to deduct; as, where a landlord recouped the
rent of premises from damages awarded to the plaintiff for
eviction.
2. To get an equivalent or compensation for; as, to recoup
money lost at the gaming table; to recoup one's losses in
the share market.
3. To reimburse; to indemnify; -- often used reflexively and
in the passive.
Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold,
she might recoup herself at Philip's cost. --Froude.
Industry is sometimes recouped for a small price by
extensive custom. --Duke of
Argyll.
Recouper \Re*coup"er\ (r?*k??p"?r), n.
One who recoups. --Story.
Recoupment \Re*coup"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of recouping.
Note: Recoupment applies to equities growing out of the very
affair from which thw principal demand arises, set-off
to cross-demands which may be independent in origin.
--Abbott.
Recourse \Re*course"\ (r?*k?rs"), n. [F. recours, L. recursus a
running back, return, fr. recurrere, recursum, to run back.
See {Recur}.]
1. A coursing back, or coursing again, along the line of a
previous coursing; renewed course; return; retreat;
recurence. [Obs.] ``Swift recourse of flushing blood.''
--Spenser.
Unto my first I will have my recourse. --Chaucer.
Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the
healthy, or the recourse thereof in the
valetudinary. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or the like;
access or application for aid; resort.
Thus died this great peer, in a time of great
recourse unto him and dependence upon him. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Our last recourse is therefore to our art. --Dryden.
3. Access; admittance. [Obs.]
Give me recourse to him. --Shak.
{Without recourse} (Commerce), words sometimes added to the
indorsement of a negotiable instrument to protect the
indorser from liability to the indorsee and subsequent
holders. It is a restricted indorsement.
Recourse \Re*course"\, v. i.
1. To return; to recur. [Obs.]
The flame departing and recoursing. --Foxe.
2. To have recourse; to resort. [Obs.] --Bp. Hacket.
Recourseful \Re*course"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Having recurring flow and ebb; moving alternately. [Obs.]
--Drayton.
Recover \Re*cov"er\ (r?*k?v"?r), v. t. [Pref. re- + cover: cf.
F. recouvrir.]
To cover again. --Sir W. Scott.
Recover \Re*cov"er\ (r?*k?v"?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recovered}
(-?rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Recovering}. ] [OE. recoveren, OF.
recovrer, F. recouvrer, from L. recuperare; pref. re- re + a
word of unknown origin. Cf.{Recuperate}.]
1. To get or obtain again; to get renewed possession of; to
win back; to regain.
David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried
away. --1. Sam. xxx.
18.
2. To make good by reparation; to make up for; to retrieve;
to repair the loss or injury of; as, to recover lost time.
``Loss of catel may recovered be.'' --Chaucer.
Even good men have many failings and lapses to
lament and recover. --Rogers.
3. To restore from sickness, faintness, or the like; to bring
back to life or health; to cure; to heal.
The wine in my bottle will recover him. --Shak.
4. To overcome; to get the better of, -- as a state of mind
or body.
I do hope to recover my late hurt. --Cowley.
When I had recovered a little my first surprise.
--De Foe.
5. To rescue; to deliver.
That they may recover themselves out of the snare of
the devil, who are taken captive by him. --2. Tim.
ii. 26.
6. To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to reach; to come
to. [Archaic]
The forest is not three leagues off; If we recover
that, we're sure enough. --Shak.
Except he could recover one of the Cities of Refuge
he was to die. --Hales.
7. (Law) To gain as a compensation; to obtain in return for
injury or debt; as, to recover damages in trespass; to
recover debt and costs in a suit at law; to obtain title
to by judgement in a court of law; as, to recover lands in
ejectment or common recovery; to gain by legal process;
as, to recover judgement against a defendant.
{Recover arms} (Mil. Drill), a command whereby the piece is
brought from the position of ``aim'' to that of ``ready.''
Syn: To regain; repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit; heal;
cure.
Recover \Re*cov"er\ (r?*k?v"?r), v. i.
1. To regain health after sickness; to grow well; to be
restored or cured; hence, to regain a former state or
condition after misfortune, alarm, etc.; -- often followed
by of or from; as, to recover from a state of poverty; to
recover from fright.
Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether
I shall recover of this disease. --2 Kings i.
2.
2. To make one's way; to come; to arrive. [Obs.]
With much ado the Christians recovered to Antioch.
--Fuller.
3. (Law) To obtain a judgement; to succeed in a lawsuit; as,
the plaintiff has recovered in his suit.
Recover \Re*cov"er\, n.
Recovery. --Sir T. Malory.
Recoverable \Re*cov"er*a*ble\ (-?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. recouvrable.]
Capable of being recovered or regained; capable of being
brought back to a former condition, as from sickness,
misfortune, etc.; obtainable from a debtor or possessor; as,
the debt is recoverable; goods lost or sunk in the ocean are
not recoverable.
A prodigal course Is like the sun's; but not, like his,
recoverable. --Shak.
If I am recoverable, why am I thus? --Cowper.
-- {Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness}, n.
Re coverance \Re cov"er*ance\ (-ans), n.
Recovery. [Obs.]
Recoveree \Re*cov`er*ee"\ (-[=e]"), n. (Law)
The person against whom a judgment is obtained in common
recovery.
Recoverer \Re*cov"er*er\ (r?*k?v"?r*?r), n.
One who recovers.
Recoveror \Re*cov`er*or"\ (-?r), n. (Law)
The demandant in a common recovery after judgment. --Wharton.
Recovery \Re*cov"er*y\ (r?*k?v"?r*?), n.
1. The act of recovering, regaining, or retaking possession.
2. Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness, or the
like; restoration from a condition of mistortune, of
fright, etc.
3. (Law) The obtaining in a suit at law of a right to
something by a verdict and judgment of court.
4. The getting, or gaining, of something not previously had.
[Obs.] ``Help be past recovery.'' --Tusser.
5. In rowing, the act of regaining the proper position for
making a new stroke.
{Common recovery} (Law), a species of common assurance or
mode of conveying lands by matter of record, through the
forms of an action at law, formerly in frequent use, but
now abolished or obsolete, both in England and America.
--Burrill. Warren.
Recreance \Rec"re*ance\ (r?k"r?*?ns), n.
Recreancy.
Recreancy \Rec"re*an*cy\ (-an*s?), n.
The quality or state of being recreant.
Recreant \Rec"re*ant\ (-ant), a. [OF., cowardly, fr. recroire,
recreire, to forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard as
conquered, LL. recredere se to declare one's self conquered
in combat; hence, those are called recrediti or recreanti who
are considered infamous; L. pref. re- again, back + credere
to believe, to be of opinion; hence, originally, to disavow
one's opinion. See {Creed}.]
1. Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the trial by battle;
yielding; cowardly; mean-spirited; craven. ``This recreant
knight.'' --Spenser.
2. Apostate; false; unfaithful.
Who, for so many benefits received, Turned recreant
to God, ingrate and false. --Milton.
Recreant \Rec"re*ant\, n.
One who yields in combat, and begs for mercy; a
mean-spirited, cowardly wretch. --Blackstone.
You are all recreants and dastards! --Shak.
Re-create \Re`-cre*ate"\ (r?`kr?*?t"), v. t. [Pref. re- +
create.]
To create or form anew.
On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of
re["e]nforcing, it was necessary to re-create, the
army. --Marshall.
Recreate \Rec"re*ate\ (rk"r*t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recreated}
(-`td); p. pr. & vb. n. {Recreating}.] [L. recreatus, p. p.
of recreate to create anew, to refresh; pref. re- re- +
creare to create. See {Create}.]
To give fresh life to; to reanimate; to revive; especially,
to refresh after wearying toil or anxiety; to relieve; to
cheer; to divert; to amuse; to gratify.
Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before
them colors mixed with blue and green, to recreate
their eyes, white wearying . . . the sight more than
any. --Dryden.
St. John, who recreated himself with sporting with a
tame partridge. --Jer. Taylor.
These ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with their
aromatic scent. --Dr. H. More.
Recreate \Rec"re*ate\, v. i.
To take recreation. --L. Addison.
Recreation \Rec"re*a"tion\ (-?"sh?n), n. [F. r['e]cr['e]ation,
L. recreatio.]
The act of recreating, or the state of being recreated;
refreshment of the strength and spirits after toil;
amusement; diversion; sport; pastime.
Recreation \Re`*cre*a"tion\ (r?`kr?*?sh?n), n. [See
{Re-create}.]
A forming anew; a new creation or formation.
Re-creative \Re`-cre*a"tive\ (-?`t?v), a.
Creating anew; as, re-creative power.
Recreative \Rec"re*a`tive\ (r?k"r?*?`t?v), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]cr['e]atif. See {Recreate}.]
Tending to recreate or refresh; recreating; giving new vigor
or animation; reinvigorating; giving relief after labor or
pain; amusing; diverting.
Let the music of them be recreative. --Bacon.
--- {Rec"re*a`tive*ly}, adv. -- {Rec"re*a`tive*ness}, n.
Recrement \Rec"re*ment\ (r?k"r?*ment), n. [L. recrementum; pref.
re- re- + cernere, cretum, to separate, sift: cf. F.
r['e]cr['e]ment.]
1. Superfluous matter separated from that which is useful;
dross; scoria; as, the recrement of ore.
2. (Med.)
(a) Excrement. [Obs.]
(a) A substance secreted from the blood and again absorbed
by it.
Recremental \Rec`re*men"tal\ (-m?n"tal), a.
Recrementitious.
Recrementitial \Rec`re*men*ti"tial\ (-m?n*t?sh"al), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]cr['e]mentitiel.] (Med.)
Of the nature of a recrement. See {Recrement}, 2
(b) . ``Recrementitial fluids.'' --Dunglison.
Recrementitious \Rec`re*men*ti"tious\ (-t?sh"?s), a.
Of or pertaining to recrement; consisting of recrement or
dross. --Boyle.
Recriminate \Re*crim"i*nate\ (r?*kr?m"?*n?t), v. i. [Pref. re- +
criminate: cf. F. r['e]criminer, LL. recriminare.]
To return one charge or accusation with another; to charge
back fault or crime upon an accuser.
It is not my business to recriminate, hoping
sufficiently to clear myself in this matter. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Recriminate \Re*crim"i*nate\, v. t.
To accuse in return. --South.
Recrimination \Re*crim`i*na"tion\ (-n?"sh?n), n. [F.
r['e]crimination, LL. recriminatio.]
The act of recriminating; an accusation brought by the
accused against the accuser; a counter accusation.
Accusations and recriminations passed backward and
forward between the contending parties. --Macaulay.
Recriminative \Re*crim"i*na*tive\ (-n?*t?v), a.
Recriminatory.
Recriminator \Re*crim"i*na`tor\ (-n?`t?r), n.
One who recriminates.
Recriminatory \Re*crim"i*na*to*ry\ (-n?*t?*r?), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]criminatoire.]
Having the quality of recrimination; retorting accusation;
recriminating.
Recross \Re*cross"\ (r?*kr?s";115), v. t.
To cross a second time.
Recrudency \Re*cru"den*cy\ (r[-e]*kr[udd]"den*s[y^]), n.
Recrudescence.
Recrudescence \Re`cru*des"cence\ (r?`kr?*d?s"sens),
Recrudescency \Re`cru*des`cen*cy\ (-d?s"sen*s?), n. [Cf. F.
recrudescence.]
1. The state or condition of being recrudescent.
A recrudescence of barbarism may condemn it [land]
to chronic poverty and waste. --Duke of
Argyll.
2. (Med.) Increased severity of a disease after temporary
remission. --Dunglison.
Recrudescent \Re`cru*des"cent\ (-sent), a. [L. recrudescens,
-entis, p. pr. of recrudescere to become raw again; pref. re-
re- + crudescere to become hard or raw: cf. F. recrudescent.]
1. Growing raw, sore, or painful again.
2. Breaking out again after temporary abatement or
supression; as, a recrudescent epidemic.
Recruit \Re*cruit"\ (r?*kr?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Recruited};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Recruiting}.] [F. recruter, corrupted (under
influence of recrue recruiting, recruit, from recro[^i]/tre,
p. p. recr[^u], to grow again) from an older recluter,
properly, to patch, to mend (a garment); pref. re- + OF. clut
piece, piece of cloth; cf. Icel. kl[=u]tr kerchief, E.
clout.]
1. To repair by fresh supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy
lack or deficiency in; as, food recruits the flesh; fresh
air and exercise recruit the spirits.
Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their
color. --Glanvill.
2. Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew in
strength or health; to reinvigorate.
3. To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up
by enlistment; as, he recruited two regiments; the army
was recruited for a campaign; also, to muster; to enlist;
as, he recruited fifty men. --M. Arnold.
Recruit \Re*cruit"\, v. i.
1. To gain new supplies of anything wasted; to gain health,
flesh, spirits, or the like; to recuperate; as, lean
cattle recruit in fresh pastures.
2. To gain new supplies of men for military or other service;
to raise or enlist new soldiers; to enlist troops.
Recruit \Re*cruit"\, n.
1. A supply of anything wasted or exhausted; a
re["e]nforcement.
The state is to have recruits to its strength, and
remedies to its distempers. --Burke.
2. Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the army; a
newly enlisted soldier.
Recruiter \Re*cruit"er\, n.
One who, or that which, recruits.
Recruitment \Re*cruit"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act or process of recruiting; especially, the enlistment
of men for an army.
Recrystallization \Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion\
(r[=e]*kr[i^]s`tal*l[i^]*z[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. (Chem. & Min.)
The process or recrystallizing.
Recrystallize \Re*crys"tal*lize\ (r[=e]*kr[i^]s"tal*l[imac]z),
v. i. & t. (Chem. & Min.)
To crystallize again. --Henry.
Rectal \Rec"tal\ (r?k"tal), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the region of the rectum.
Rectangle \Rec"tan`gle\ (r?k"t??`g'l), n. [F., fr. L. rectus
right + angulus angle. See {Right}, and {Angle}.] (Geom.)
A four-sided figure having only right angles; a right-angled
parallelogram.
Note: As the area of a rectangle is expressed by the product
of its two dimensions, the term rectangle is sometimes
used for product; as, the rectangle of a and b, that
is, ab.
Rectangle \Rec"tan`gle\, a.
Rectangular. [R.]
Rectangled \Rec"tan`gled\ (-g'ld), a.
Rectangular. --Hutton.
Rectangular \Rec*tan"gu*lar\ (r?k*t?n"g?*l?r), a. [CF. F.
rectangulaire.]
Right-angled; having one or more angles of ninety degrees. --
{Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly} (r?k*t?n"g?*l?r*l?), adv. --
{Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness}, n.
Rectangularity \Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty\ (-l?r"?*t?), n.
The quality or condition of being rectangular, or
right-angled.
Recti- \Rec"ti-\ (r?k"t?*). [L. rectus straight.]
A combining form signifying straight; as, rectilineal, having
straight lines; rectinerved.
Rectifiable \Rec"ti*fi`a*ble\ (r?k"t?*f?`?*b'l), a.
1. Capable of being rectified; as, a rectifiable mistake.
2. (Math.) Admitting, as a curve, of the construction of a
straight l??e equal in length to any definite portion of
the curve.
Rectification \Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion\ (r?k`t?*f?*k?1sh?n), n. [Cf.
F. rectification.]
1. The act or operation of rectifying; as, the rectification
of an error; the rectification of spirits.
After the rectification of his views, he was
incapable of compromise with profounder shapes of
error. --De Quincey.
2. (Geom.) The determination of a straight line whose length
is equal a portion of a curve.
{Rectification of a globe} (Astron.), its adjustment
preparatory to the solution of a proposed problem.
Rectificator \Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor\ (r?k"t?*f?*k?`t?r), n. (Chem.)
That which rectifies or refines; esp., a part of a distilling
apparatus in which the more volatile portions are separated
from the less volatile by the process of evaporation and
condensation; a rectifier.
Rectifier \Rec"ti*fi`er\ (r?k"t?*f?`?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, rectifies.
2. Specifically:
(a) (Naut.) An instrument used for determining and
rectifying the variations of the compass on board
ship.
(b) (Chem.) A rectificator.
Rectify \Rec"ti*fy\ (-f?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rectified}
(-f?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Rectifying} (-f?`?ng).] [F.
rectifier, LL. rectificare; L. rectus right + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See {Right}, and {-fy}.]
1. To make or set right; to correct from a wrong, erroneous,
or false state; to amend; as, to rectify errors, mistakes,
or abuses; to rectify the will, the judgment, opinions; to
rectify disorders.
I meant to rectify my conscience. --Shak.
This was an error of opinion which a conflicting
opinion would have rectified. --Burke.
2. (Chem.) To refine or purify by repeated distillation or
sublimation, by which the fine parts of a substance are
separated from the grosser; as, to rectify spirit of wine.
3. (Com.) To produce ( as factitious gin or brandy) by
redistilling low wines or ardent spirits (whisky, rum,
etc.), flavoring substances, etc., being added.
{To rectify a globe}, to adjust it in order to prepare for
the solution of a proposed problem.
Syn: To amend; emend; correct; better; mend; reform; redress;
adjust; regulate; improve. See {Amend}.
Rectilineal \Rec`ti*lin"e*al\ (-l?n"?*al), Rectilinear
\Rec`ti*lin"e*ar\ (-l?n"?*?r), a. [Recti- + lineal, linear.]
Straight; consisting of a straight line or lines; bounded by
straight lines; as, a rectineal angle; a rectilinear figure
or course. -- {Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly}, adv. --
{Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly}, adv.
Rectilinearity \Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty\ (-?r"?*t?), n.
The quality or state of being rectilinear. --Coleridge.
Rectilineous \Rec`ti*lin"e*ous\ (-?s), a.
Rectilinear. [Obs.] --Ray.
Rectinerved \Rec"ti*nerved`\ (r?k"t?*n?rrvd`), a. [Recti- +
nerve.] (Bot.)
Having the veins or nerves straight; -- said of leaves.
Rection \Rec"tion\ (r?k"sh?n), n. [L. rectio, fr. regere to rule
or govern.] (Gram.)
See {Government}, n., 7. --Gibbs.
Rectirostral \Rec`ti*ros"tral\ (r?k`t?*r?s"tral), a. [Recti- +
rostral.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having a straight beak.
Rectiserial \Rec`ti*se"ri*al\ (-s?"r?*al), a. [Recti- + serial.]
(Bot.)
Arranged in exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of
many kinds; -- opposed to curviserial.
Rectitis \Rec*ti"tis\ (r?k*t?"t?s), n. [NL. See {Rectum}, and
{-itis}.] (Med.)
Proctitis. --Dunglison.
Rectitude \Rec"ti*tude\ (r?k"t?*t?d), n. [L. rectitudo, fr.
rectus right, straight: cf. F. rectitude. See {Right}.]
1. Straightness. [R.] --Johnson.
2. Rightness of principle or practice; exact conformity to
truth, or to the rules prescribed for moral conduct,
either by divine or human laws; uprightness of mind;
uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice.
3. Right judgment. [R.] --Sir G. C. Lewis.
Syn: See {Justice}.
Recto- \Rec"to-\ (r?k"t?*).
A combining form indicating connection with, or relation to,
the rectum; as, recto-vesical.
Recto \Rec"to\, n. [Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de recto. See
{Right}.] (Law)
A writ of right.
Recto \Rec"to\, n. [Cf. F. recto.] (Print.)
The right-hand page; -- opposed to verso.
Rector \Rec"tor\ (r?k"t?r), n. [L., fr. regere, rectum, to lead
straight, to rule: cf. F. recteur. See {Regiment}, {Right}.]
1. A ruler or governor. [R.]
God is the supreme rector of the world. --Sir M.
Hale.
2.
(a) (Ch. of Eng.) A clergyman who has the charge and cure
of a parish, and has the tithes, etc.; the clergyman
of a parish where the tithes are not impropriate. See
the Note under Vicar. --Blackstone.
(b) (Prot. Epis. Ch.) A clergyman in charge of a parish.
3. The head master of a public school. [Scot.]
4. The chief elective officer of some universities, as in
France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; as,
the Rector of Exeter College, or of Lincoln College, at
Oxford.
5. (R.C.CH.) The superior officer or chief of a convent or
religious house; and among the Jesuits the superior of a
house that is a seminary or college.
Rectoral \Rec"tor*al\ (-al), a. [CF. F. rectoral.]
Pertaining to a rector or governor.
Rectorate \Rec"tor*ate\ (-?t), n. [LL. rectoratus: cf. F.
rectorat.]
The office, rank, or station of a rector; rectorship.
Rectoress \Rec"tor*ess\, n.
1. A governess; a rectrix. --Drayton.
2. The wife of a rector. --Thackeray.
Rectorial \Rec*to"ri*al\ (r?k*t?"r?*al), a.
Pertaining to a rector or a rectory; rectoral. --Shipley.
Rectorship \Rec"tor*ship\ (r?k"t?r*sh?p), n.
1. Government; guidance. [Obs.] ``The rectorship of
judgment.'' --Shak.
2. The office or rank of a rector; rectorate.
Rectory \Rec"to*ry\ (-t?*r?), n.; pl. {Rectories} (-r?z). [Cf.
OF. rectorie or rectorerie, LL. rectoria.]
1. The province of a rector; a parish church, parsonage, or
spiritual living, with all its rights, tithes, and glebes.
2. A rector's mansion; a parsonage house.
Recto-uterine \Rec`to-u"ter*ine\ (-?"t?r*?n or *?n), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the uterus.
Rectovaginal \Rec`to*vag"i*nal\ (r?k`t?*v?j"?*nal), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the vagina.
Recto-vesical \Rec`to-ves"i*cal\ (-v?s"?*kal), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the bladder.
Rectress \Rec"tress\ (r?k"tr?s), n.
A rectoress. --B. Jonson.
Rectrix \Rec"trix\ (-tr?ks), n.; pl. {Rectrices} (-tr?"s?z).
[L., fem. of rector.]
1. A governess; a rectoress.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the quill feathers of the tail of a
bird.
Rectum \Rec"tum\ (-t?m), n. [NL. (sc. intestinum), fr. L. rectus
straight. See {Right}.] (Anat.)
The terminal part of the large intestine; -- so named because
supposed by the old anatomists to be straight. See Illust.
under {Digestive}.
Rectus \Rec"tus\ (-t?s), n.; pl. {Recti} (-t?). [NL., fr. L.
regere to keep straight.] (Anat.)
A straight muscle; as, the recti of the eye.
Recubation \Rec`u*ba"tion\ (r?k`?*b?"sh?n), n. [L. recubare to
lie upon the back.]
Recumbence. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Recule \Re*cule"\ (r?*k?l"), v. i.
To recoil. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Recule \Re*cule"\ (r?*k?l"), Reculement \Re*cule"ment\ (-ment),
n. [F. reculement.]
Recoil. [Obs.]
Recumb \Re*cumb"\ (-k?m"), v. i. [L. recumbere; pref. re- back +
cumbere (in comp.), akin to cubare to lie down.]
To lean; to recline; to repose. [Obs.] --J. Allen (1761).
Recumbence \Re*cum"bence\ (r?*k?m"bens), n.
The act of leaning, resting, or reclining; the state of being
recumbent.
Recumbency \Re*cum"ben*cy\ (-ben*s?), n.
Recumbence.
Recumbent \Re*cum"bent\ (-bet), a. [L. recumbens, -entis, p. pr.
of recumbere. See {Recumb}, {Incumbent}.]
Leaning; reclining; lying; as, the recumbent posture of the
Romans at their meals. Hence, figuratively; Resting;
inactive; idle. -- {Re*cum"bent*ly}, adv.
Recuperable \Re*cu"per*a*ble\ (r?*k?"p?r*?*b'l), a. [Cf.F.
r['e]cup?rable. See {Recover}.]
Recoverable. --Sir T. Elyot.
Recuperate \Re*cu"per*ate\ (-?t), v. i. [imp. &. p. p.
{Recuperated} (-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Recuperating}.] [L.
recuperatus, p. p. of recuperare. See {Recover} to get
again.]
To recover health; to regain strength; to convalesce.
Recuperate \Re*cu"per*ate\, v. t.
To recover; to regain; as, to recuperate the health or
strength.
Recuperation \Re*cu`per*a"tion\ (-?`sh?n), n.. [L. recuperatio:
cf. F. r['e]cup?ration.]
Recovery, as of anything lost, especially of the health or
strength.
Recuperative \Re*cu"per*a*tive\ (-?*t?v), Recuperatory
\Re*cu"per*a*to*ry\ (-?*t?*r?), a. [L. recuperativus,
recuperatorius.]
Of or pertaining to recuperation; tending to recovery.
Recuperator \Re*cu"per*a`tor\ (r?*k?"pp?r*?`t?r), n. [Cf. L.
recuperator a recoverer.] (Steel Manuf.)
Same as {Regenerator}.
Recur \Re*cur"\ (r?*k?r"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Recurred}
(-k?rd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Recurring}.] [L. recurrere; pref.
re- re- + currere to run. See {Current}.]
1. To come back; to return again or repeatedly; to come again
to mind.
When any word has been used to signify an idea, the
old idea will recur in the mind when the word is
heard. --I. Watts.
2. To occur at a stated interval, or according to some
regular rule; as, the fever will recur to-night.
3. To resort; to have recourse; to go for help.
If, to avoid succession in eternal existence, they
recur to the ``punctum stans'' of the schools, they
will thereby very little help us to a more positive
idea of infinite duration. --Locke.
{Recurring decimal} (Math.), a circulating decimal. See under
{Decimal}.
{Recurring series} (Math.), an algebraic series in which the
coefficients of the several terms can be expressed by
means of certain preceding coefficients and constants in
one uniform manner.
Recure \Re*cure"\ (r?*k?r"), v. t. [Cf. {Recover}.]
1. To arrive at; to reach; to attain. [Obs.] --Lydgate.
2. To recover; to regain; to repossess. [Obs.]
When their powers, impaired through labor long, With
due repast, they had recured well. --Spenser.
3. To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the like; to
repair.
In western waves his weary wagon did recure.
--Spenser.
4. To be a cure for; to remedy. [Obs.]
No medicine Might avail his sickness to recure.
--Lydgate.
Recure \Re*cure"\, n.
Cure; remedy; recovery. [Obs.]
But whom he hite, without recure he dies. --Fairfax.
Recureless \Re*cure"less\, a.
Incapable of cure. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Recurrence \Re*cur"rence\ (r?*k?r"rens), Recurrency
\Re*cur"ren*cy\ (-ren*s?), n. [Cf. F. r['e]currence.]
The act of recurring, or state of being recurrent; return;
resort; recourse.
I shall insensibly go on from a rare to a frequent
recurrence to the dangerous preparations. --I. Taylor.
Recurrent \Re*cur"rent\ (-rent), a. [L. recurrens, -entis, p.
pr. of recurrere: cf.F. r['e]current. See {Recur}.]
1. Returning from time to time; recurring; as, recurrent
pains.
2. (Anat.) Running back toward its origin; as, a recurrent
nerve or artery.
{Recurrent fever}. (Med.) See {Relapsing fever}, under
{Relapsing}.
{Recurrent pulse} (Physiol.), the pulse beat which appears
(when the radial artery is compressed at the wrist) on the
distal side of the point of pressure through the arteries
of the palm of the hand.
{Recurrent sensibility} (Physiol.), the sensibility
manifested by the anterior, or motor, roots of the spinal
cord (their stimulation causing pain) owing to the
presence of sensory fibers from the corresponding sensory
or posterior roots.
Recursant \Re*cur"sant\ (r?*k?r"sant), a. [L. recursans, -antis,
p. pr. of recursare to run back, v. freq. of recurrere. See
{Recure}.] (Her.)
Displayed with the back toward the spectator; -- said
especially of an eagle.
Recursion \Re*cur"sion\ (-sh?n), n. [L. recursio. See {Recur}.]
The act of recurring; return. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Recurvate \Re*cur"vate\ (r?*k?r"v?t), a. [L. recurvatus, p. p.
of recurvare. See {Re-}, and {Curvate}.] (Bot.)
Recurved.
Recurvate \Re*cur"vate\ (-v?t), v. t.
To bend or curve back; to recurve. --Pennant.
Recurvation \Re`cur*va"tion\ (r?`k?r*v?"sh?n), n.
The act of recurving, or the state of being recurved; a
bending or flexure backward.
Recurve \Re*curve"\ (r?*k?rv"), v. t.
To curve in an opposite or unusual direction; to bend back or
down.
Recurved \Re*curved"\ (r?*k?rvd"), a.
Curved in an opposite or uncommon direction; bent back; as, a
bird with a recurved bill; flowers with recurved petals.
Recurviroster \Re*cur`vi*ros"ter\ (r?*k?r`v?*r?s"t?r), n. [L.
recurvus bent back + rostrum beack; cf. F. r['e]curvirostre.]
(Zool.)
A bird whose beak bends upward, as the avocet.
Recurvirostral \Re*cur`vi*ros"tral\ (-tral), a. [See
{Recurviroster}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the beak bent upwards.
Recurvity \Re*cur"vi*ty\ (r?*k?r"v?*t?), n.
Recurvation.
Recurvous \Re*cur"vous\ (-v?s), a. [L. recurvus; pref. re- re +
curvus curved.]
Recurved. --Derham.
Recusancy \Re*cu"san*cy\ (r?*k?"zan*s? or r?k"?-), n.
The state of being recusant; nonconformity. --Coke.
Recusant \Re*cu"sant\ (-zat; 277), a.[L. recusans, -antis, p.
pr. of recure to refuse, to oject to; pref. re- re + causa a
cause, pretext: cf. F. r['e]cusant. See {Cause}, and cf.
{Ruse}.]
Obstinate in refusal; specifically, in English history,
refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in the
churc, or to conform to the established rites of the church;
as, a recusant lord.
It stated him to have placed his son in the household
of the Countess of Derby, a recusant papist. --Sir W.
Scott.
Recusant \Re*cu"sant\, n.
1. One who is obstinate in refusal; one standing out
stubbornly against general practice or opinion.
The last rebellious recusants among the European
family of nations. --De Quincey.
2. (Eng. Hist.) A person who refuses to acknowledge the
supremacy of the king in matters of religion; as, a Roman
Catholic recusant, who acknowledges the supremacy of the
pope. --Brande & C.
3. One who refuses communion with the Church of England; a
nonconformist.
All that are recusants of holy rites. --Holyday.
Reusation \Re`u*sa"tion\ (r?k`?*z?"sh?n), n. [L. recusatio: cf.
F. r['e]cusation.]
1. Refusal. [Obs.]
2. (Old Law) The act of refusing a judge or challenging that
he shall not try the cause, on account of his supposed
partiality. --Blackstone.
Recusative \Re*cu"sa*tive\ (r?*k?"z?*t?v), a.
Refusing; denying; negative. [R.] --Jer. Taylor.
Recuse \Re*cuse"\ (r?*k?z"), v. t. [F. r['e]cuser, or L.
recusare. See {Recusant}.] (Law)
To refuse or reject, as a judge; to challenge that the judge
shall not try the cause. [Obs.] --Sir K. Digby.
Recussion \Re*cus"sion\ (r?*k?sh"?n), n. [L. recutire, recussum,
to beat back; pref. re- re- + quatere to shake.]
The act of beating or striking back.
Red \Red\ (r[e^]d), obs.
. imp. & p. p. of {Read}. --Spenser.
Red \Red\, v. t.
To put on order; to make tidy; also, to free from
entanglement or embarrassement; -- generally with up; as, to
red up a house. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Red \Red\, a. [Compar. {Redder} (-d?r); superl. {Reddest}.] [OE.
red, reed, AS. re['a]d, re['o]d; akin to OS. r[=o]d, OFries.
r[=a]d, D. rood, G. roht, rot, OHG. r[=o]t, Dan. & Sw.
r["o]d, Icel. rau[eth]r, rj[=o][eth]r, Goth. r['a]uds, W.
rhudd, Armor. ruz, Ir. & Gael. ruadh, L. ruber, rufus, Gr.
'eryqro`s, Skr. rudhira, rohita; cf. L. rutilus. [root]113.
Cf. {Erysipelas}, {Rouge}, {Rubric}, {Ruby}, {Ruddy},
{Russet}, {Rust}.]
Of the color of blood, or of a tint resembling that color; of
the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar
spectrum, which is furthest from the violet part. ``Fresh
flowers, white and reede.'' --Chaucer.
Your color, I warrant you, is as red as any rose.
--Shak.
Note: Red is a general term, including many different shades
or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange red,
and the like.
Note: Red is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, red-breasted, red-cheeked, red-faced,
red-haired, red-headed, red-skinned, red-tailed,
red-topped, red-whiskered, red-coasted.
{Red admiral} (Zo["o]l.), a beautiful butterfly ({Vanessa
Atalanta}) common in both Europe and America. The front
wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva
feeds on nettles. Called also {Atlanta butterfly}, and
{nettle butterfly}.
{Red ant}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A very small ant ({Myrmica molesta}) which often infests
houses.
(b) A larger reddish ant ({Formica sanquinea}), native of
Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making
species.
{Red antimony} (Min.), kermesite. See {Kermes mineral}
(b), under {Kermes}.
{Red ash} (Bot.), an American tree ({Fraxinus pubescens}),
smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber.
--Cray.
{Red bass}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Redfish}
(d) .
{Red bay} (Bot.), a tree ({Persea Caroliniensis}) having the
heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United
States.
{Red beard} (Zo["o]l.), a bright red sponge ({Microciona
prolifera}), common on oyster shells and stones. [Local,
U.S.]
{Red birch} (Bot.), a species of birch ({Betula nigra})
having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored
wood. --Gray.
{Red blindness}. (Med.) See {Daltonism}.
{Red book}, a book containing the names of all the persons in
the service of the state. [Eng.]
{Red book of the Exchequer}, an ancient record in which are
registered the names of all that held lands per baroniam
in the time of Henry II. --Brande & C.
{Red brass}, an alloy containing eight parts of copper and
three of zinc.
{Red bug}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites.
(b) A red hemipterous insect of the genus {Pyrrhocoris},
especially the European species ({P. apterus}), which is
bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.
(c) See {Cotton stainder}, under {Cotton}.
{Red cedar}. (Bot.) An evergreen North American tree
({Juniperus Virginiana}) having a fragrant red-colored
heartwood.
(b) A tree of India and Australia ({Cedrela Toona}) having
fragrant reddish wood; -- called also {toon tree} in
India.
{Red chalk}. See under {Chalk}.
{Red copper} (Min.), red oxide of copper; cuprite.
{Red coral} (Zo["o]l.), the precious coral ({Corallium
rubrum}). See Illusts. of {Coral} and {Gorgonlacea}.
{Red cross}. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of
the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See {Geneva convention}, and {Geneva
cross}, under {Geneva}.
{Red currant}. (Bot.) See {Currant}.
{Red deer}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The common stag ({Cervus elaphus}), native of the forests
of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very
similar to the American elk, or wapiti.
(b) The Virginia deer. See {Deer}.
{Red duck} (Zo["o]l.), a European reddish brown duck
({Fuligula nyroca}); -- called also {ferruginous duck}.
{Red ebony}. (Bot.) See {Grenadillo}.
{Red empress} (Zo["o]l.), a butterfly. See {Tortoise shell}.
{Red fir} (Bot.), a coniferous tree ({Pseudotsuga Douglasii})
found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued
for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to
other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the
American {Abies magnifica} and {A. nobilis}.
{Red fire}. (Pyrotech.) See {Blue fire}, under {Fire}.
{Red flag}. See under {Flag}.
{Red fox} (Zo["o]l.), the common American fox ({Vulpes
fulvus}), which is usually reddish in color.
{Red grouse} (Zo["o]l.), the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See
under {Ptarmigan}.
{Red gum}, or {Red gum-tree} (Bot.), a name given to eight
Australian species of {Eucalyptus} ({Eucalyptus
amygdalina}, {resinifera}, etc.) which yield a reddish gum
resin. See {Eucalyptus}.
{Red hand} (Her.), a left hand appaum['e], fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called
also {Badge of Ulster}.
{Red herring}, the common herring dried and smoked.
{Red horse}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially
{Moxostoma macrolepidotum} and allied species.
(b) See the Note under {Drumfish}.
{Red lead}.
(Chem) See under {Lead}, and {Minium}.
{Red-lead ore}. (Min.) Same as {Crocoite}.
{Red liquor} (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of
aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of
dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used
originally for red dyestuffs. Called also {red mordant}.
{Red maggot} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of the wheat midge.
{Red manganese}. (Min.) Same as {Rhodochrosite}.
{Red man}, one of the American Indians; -- so called from his
color.
{Red maple} (Bot.), a species of maple ({Acer rubrum}). See
{Maple}.
{Red mite}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Red spider}, below.
{Red mulberry} (Bot.), an American mulberry of a dark purple
color ({Morus rubra}).
{Red mullet} (Zo["o]l.), the surmullet. See {Mullet}.
{Red ocher} (Min.), a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a
reddish color.
{Red perch} (Zo["o]l.), the rosefish.
{Red phosphorus}. (Chem.) See under {Phosphorus}.
{Red pine} (Bot.), an American species of pine ({Pinus
resinosa}); -- so named from its reddish bark.
{Red precipitate}. See under {Precipitate}.
{Red Republican} (European Politics), originally, one who
maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, --
because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an
extreme radical in social reform. [Cant]
{Red ribbon}, the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.
{Red sanders}. (Bot.) See {Sanders}.
{Red sandstone}. (Geol.) See under {Sandstone}.
{Red scale} (Zo["o]l.), a scale insect ({Aspidiotus
aurantii}) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia.
{Red silver} (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or
reddish black color. It includes {proustite}, or light red
silver, and {pyrargyrite}, or dark red silver.
{Red snapper} (Zo["o]l.), a large fish ({Lutlanus aya or
Blackfordii}) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the
Florida reefs.
{Red snow}, snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga
({Protococcus nivalis}) which produces large patches of
scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.
{Red softening} (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to
infarction or inflammation.
{Red spider} (Zo["o]l.), a very small web-spinning mite
({Tetranychus telarius}) which infests, and often
destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those
cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly
on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn
yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red.
Called also {red mite}.
{Red squirrel} (Zo["o]l.), the chickaree.
{Red tape}, the tape used in public offices for tying up
documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.
{Red underwing} (Zo["o]l.), any species of noctuid moths
belonging to {Catacola} and allied genera. The numerous
species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under
wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.
{Red water}, a disease in cattle, so called from an
appearance like blood in the urine.
Red \Red\ (r?d), n.
1. The color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum
farthest from violet, or a tint resembling these.
``Celestial rosy red, love's proper hue.'' --Milton.
2. A red pigment.
3. (European Politics) An abbreviation for Red Republican.
See under Red, a. [Cant]
4. pl. (Med.) The menses. --Dunglison.
{English red}, a pigment prepared by the Dutch, similar to
Indian red.
{Hypericum red}, a red resinous dyestuff extracted from
Hypericum.
{Indian red}. See under {Indian}, and {Almagra}.
Redact \Re*dact"\ (r?*d?kt"), v. t. [L. redactus, p. p. of
redigere; pref. red-, re-, again, back + agere to put in
motion, to drive.]
To reduce to form, as literary matter; to digest and put in
shape (matter for publication); to edit.
R'edacteur \R['e]`dac`teur"\ (r[asl]`d[.a]k`t[~e]r"), n. [F.]
See {Redactor}.
Redaction \Re*dac"tion\ (r?*d?k"sh?n), n. [F. r['e]daction.]
The act of redacting; work produced by redacting; a digest.
Redactor \Re*dac"tor\ (-t?r), n.
One who redacts; one who prepares matter for publication; an
editor. --Carlyle.
Redan \Re*dan"\ (r?*d?n"), n. [F., for OF. redent a double
notching or jagging, as in the teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref.
re- re- + dens, dentis, a tooth. Cf. {Redented}.] [Written
sometimes {redent} and {redens}.]
1. (Fort.) A work having two parapets whose faces unite so as
to form a salient angle toward the enemy.
2. A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven ground, to
keep the parts level.
Redargue \Red*ar"gue\ (r?d*?r"g?), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Redargued} (-g?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Redarguing}.] [L.
redarguere; pref. red-, re- re- + arguere to accuse, charge
with: cf. F. r['e]darguer.]
To disprove; to refute; toconfute; to reprove; to convict.
[Archaic]
How shall I . . . suffer that God should redargue me at
doomsday, and the angels reproach my lukewarmness?
--Jer. Taylor.
Now this objection to the immediate cognition of
external objects has, as far as I know, been redargued
in three different ways. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Redargution \Red`ar*gu"tion\ (r?d`?r*g?"sh?n), n. [L.
redargutio.]
The act of redarguing; refutation. [Obs. or R.] --Bacon.
Redargutory \Red`ar*gu"to*ry\ (-t?*r?), a.
Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory. [R.]
Redback \Red"back`\ (r?d"b?k`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The dunlin. [U. S.]
Redbelly \Red"bel`ly\ (-b?l`l?), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The char.
Redbird \Red"bird`\ (-b?rd`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The cardinal bird.
(b) The summer redbird ({Piranga rubra}).
(c) The scarlet tanager. See {Tanager}.
Redbreast \Red"breast`\ (-br?st`), n.
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European robin.
(b) The American robin. See {Robin}.
(c) The knot, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also {robin
breast}, and {robin snipe}. See {Knot}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The long-eared pondfish. See {Pondfish}.
Redbud \Red"bud`\ (-b?d`), n. (Bot.)
A small ornamental leguminous tree of the American species of
the genus {Cercis}. See {Judas tree}, under {Judas}.
Redcap \Red"cap`\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l) The European goldfinch.
2. A specter having long teeth, popularly supposed to haunt
old castles in Scotland. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Redcoat \Red"coat`\ (-k[=o]t`), n.
One who wears a red coat; specifically, a red-coated British
soldier.
Redde \Red"de\ (-de),
obs. imp. of {Read}, or {Rede}. --Chaucer.
Redden \Red"den\ (r?d"d'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reddened}
(-d'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reddening}.] [From {Red}, a.]
To make red or somewhat red; to give a red color to.
Redden \Red"den\, v. i.
To grow or become red; to blush.
Appius reddens at each word you speak. --Pope.
He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek
reddened than his obstinacy was at once subbued. --Sir
W. SCott.
Reddendum \Red*den"dum\ (r?d*d?n"d?m), n. [Neut. of L. reddendus
that must be given back or yielded, gerundive of reddere. See
{Reddition}.] (Law)
A clause in a deed by which some new thing is reserved out of
what had been granted before; the clause by which rent is
reserved in a lease. --Cruise.
Reddish \Red"dish\ (r?d"d?sh), a.
Somewhat red; moderately {red}. -- {Red"dish*ness}, n.
Reddition \Red*di"tion\ (r?d*d?sh"?n), n.[L. redditio, fr.
reddere to give back, to return: cf. F. reddition. See
{Render}.]
1. Restoration: restitution: surrender. --Howell.
2. Explanation; representation. [R.]
The reddition or application of the comparison.
--Chapman.
Redditive \Red"di**tive\ (r?d"d?*t?v), a. [L. redditivus.]
(Gram.)
Answering to an interrogative or inquiry; conveying a reply;
as, redditive words.
Reddle \Red"dle\ (r?d"d'l), n. [From {Red}; cf. G. r?thel. Cf.
{Ruddle}.] (Min.)
Red chalk. See under {Chalk}.
Reddour \Red"dour\ (r?d"d?r), n. [F. raideur, fr. raide stiff.]
Rigor; violence. [Obs.] --Gower.
Rede \Rede\ (r?d), v. t. [See {Read}, v. t.]
1. To advise or counsel. [Obs. or Scot.]
I rede that our host here shall begin. --Chaucer.
2. To interpret; to explain. [Obs.]
My sweven [dream] rede aright. --Chaucer.
Rede \Rede\, n. [See {Read}, n.]
1. Advice; counsel; suggestion. [Obs. or Scot.] --Burns.
There was none other remedy ne reed. --Chaucer.
2. A word or phrase; a motto; a proverb; a wise saw. [Obs.]
``This rede is rife.'' --Spenser.
Redeem \Re*deem"\ (r?*d?m"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Redeemed}.
(-d?md"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Redeeming}.] [F. r['e]dimer, L.
redimere; pref. red-, re- re- + emere, emptum, to buy,
originally, to take, cf. OIr. em (in comp.), Lith. imti. Cf.
{Assume}, {Consume}, {Exempt}, {Premium}, {Prompt},
{Ransom}.]
1. To purchase back; to regain possession of by payment of a
stipulated price; to repurchase.
If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city,
then he may redeem it within a whole year after it
is sold. --Lev. xxv.
29.
2. Hence, specifically:
(a) (Law) To recall, as an estate, or to regain, as
mortgaged property, by paying what may be due by force
of the mortgage.
(b) (Com.) To regain by performing the obligation or
condition stated; to discharge the obligation
mentioned in, as a promissory note, bond, or other
evidence of debt; as, to redeem bank notes with coin.
3. To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or bondage,
or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be
forfeited, by paying a price or ransom; to ransom; to
rescue; to recover; as, to redeem a captive, a pledge, and
the like.
Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. --Ps.
xxv. 22.
The Almighty from the grave Hath me redeemed.
--Sandys.
4. (Theol.) Hence, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of
sin and the penalties of God's violated law.
Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law,
being made a curse for us. --Gal. iii.
13.
5. To make good by performing fully; to fulfill; as, to
redeem one's promises.
I will redeem all this on Percy's head. --Shak.
6. To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to serve as an
equivalent or offset for; to atone for; to compensate; as,
to redeem an error.
Which of ye will be mortal, to redeem Man's mortal
crime? --Milton.
It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows.
--Shak.
{To redeem the time}, to make the best use of it.
Redeemability \Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty\ (-?*b?l"?*t?), n.
Redeemableness.
Redeemable \Re*deem"a*ble\ (-?*b;l), a.
1. Capable of being redeemed; subject to repurchase; held
under conditions permitting redemption; as, a pledge
securing the payment of money is redeemable.
2. Subject to an obligation of redemtion; conditioned upon a
promise of redemtion; payable; due; as, bonds, promissory
notes, etc., redeemabble in gold, or in current money, or
four months after date.
Redeemableness \Re*deem"a*ble*ness\ (r?*d?m"?*b'l*n?s), n.
The quality or state of being redeemable; redeemability.
Redeemer \Re*deem"er\ (r?*d?m"?r), n.
1. One who redeems.
2. Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus Christ.
Redeless \Rede"less\ (r?d"l?s), a.
Without rede or counsel. [Obs.]
Redeliberate \Re`de*lib"er*ate\ (r?`d?*l?b"?r*?t), v. t. & i.
To deliberate again; to reconsider.
Redeliver \Re`de*liv"er\ (r?`d?*l?v"?r), v. t.
1. To deliver or give back; to return. --Ay?iffe.
2. To deliver or liberate a second time or again.
3. To report; to deliver the answer of. [R.] ``Shall I
redeliver you e'en so?'' --Shak.
Redeliverance \Re`de*liv"er*ance\ (-ans), n.
A second deliverance.
Redelivery \Re`de*liv"er*y\ (-?), n.
1. Act of delivering back.
2. A second or new delivery or liberation.
Redemand \Re`de*mand"\ (r?`d[hand]-m?nd"), v. t. [Pref. re-
back, again + demand: cf. F. redemander.]
To demand back; to demand again.
Redemand \Re`de*mand"\, n.
A demanding back; a second or renewed demand.
Redemise \Re`de*mise"\ (-m?z"), v. t.
To demise back; to convey or transfer back, as an estate.
Redemise \Re`de*mise"\, n. (Law)
The transfer of an estate back to the person who demised it;
reconveyance; as, the demise and redemise of an estate. See
under {Demise}.
Redemonstrate \Re*dem"on*strate\ (r?*d?m"?n*str?t or
r?`d?*m?n"-str?t), v. t.
To demonstrate again, or anew.
Every truth of morals must be redemonstrated in the
experience of the individual man before he is capable
of utilizing it as a constituent of character or a
guide in action. --Lowell.
Redemptible \Re*demp"ti*ble\ (r?*d?mp"t?*b'l), a.
Redeemable.
Re-demption \Re-demp"tion\ (-sh?n), n. [F. r['e]demption, L.
redemptio. See {Redeem}, and cf. {Ransom}.]
The act of redeeming, or the state of being redeemed;
repurchase; ransom; release; rescue; deliverance; as, the
redemption of prisoners taken in war; the redemption of a
ship and cargo. Specifically:
(a) (Law) The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or the
taking back of property mortgaged, upon performance of
the terms or conditions on which it was conveyed; also,
the right of redeeming and re["e]ntering upon an estate
mortgaged. See {Equity of redemption}, under {Equity}.
(b) (Com.) Performance of the obligation stated in a note,
bill, bond, or other evidence of debt, by making payment
to the holder.
(c) (Theol.) The procuring of God's favor by the sufferings
and death of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners
from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's
violated law.
In whom we have redemption through his blood.
--Eph. i. 7.
Redemptionary \Re*demp"tion*a*ry\ (-?*r?), n.
One who is, or may be, redeemed. [R.] --Hakluyt.
Redemptioner \Re*demp"tion*er\ (-?r), n.
1. One who redeems himself, as from debt or servitude.
2. Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from Europe to
America, sold his services for a stipulated time to pay
the expenses of his passage.
Redemptionist \Re*demp"tion*ist\, n. (R.C.Ch.)
A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the
order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians
held in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also
{Trinitarian}.
Redemptive \Re*demp"tive\ (-t?v), a.
Serving or tending to redeem; redeeming; as, the redemptive
work of Christ.
Redemptorist \Re*demp"tor*ist\ (-t?r*?st), n. [F.
r['e]demptoriste, fr. L. redemptor redeemer, from redinere.
See {Redeem}.] (R.C.Ch.)
One of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, founded in
Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria de Liquori. It was
introduced onto the United States in 1832 at Detroit. The
Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to preaching to
the neglected, esp. in missions and retreats, and are
forbidden by their rule to engage in the instruction of
youth.
Redemptory \Re*demp"to*ry\ (-t?*r?), a.
Paid for ransom; serving to redeem. ``Hector's redemptory
price.'' --Chapman.
Redempture \Re*demp"ture\ (-t?r; 135), n.
Redemption. [Obs.]
Redented \Re*dent"ed\ (r?*d?nt"?d), a. [From OF. redent. See
{Redan}.]
Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.
Redeposit \Re`de*pos"it\ (r?`d?*p?z"?t), v. t.
To deposit again.
Redescend \Re`de*scend"\ (-s?nd"), v. i. [Pref. re- + descend:
cf. F. redescendre.]
To descend again. --Howell.
Redeye \Red"eye`\ (r?d"?`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The rudd.
(b) Same as {Redfish}
(d) .
(c) The goggle-eye, or fresh-water rock bass. [Local, U.S.]
Redfin \Red"fin`\ (-f?n`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small North American dace ({Minnilus cornutus}, or
{Notropis megalops}). The male, in the breeding season, has
bright red fins. Called also {red dace}, and {shiner}.
Applied also to {Notropis ardens}, of the Mississippi valley.
Redfinch \Red"finch`\ (-f[i^]nch`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European linnet.
Redfish \Red"fish`\ (r[e^]d"f[i^]sh`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The blueback salmon of the North Pacific; -- called also
{nerka}. See {Blueback}
(b) .
(b) The rosefish.
(c) A large California labroid food fish ({Trochocopus
pulcher}); -- called also {fathead}.
(d) The red bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under
{Drumfish}.
Red-gum \Red"-gum`\ (-g?m`), n. [OE. reed gounde; AS. re['a]d
red + gund matter, pus.]
1. (Med.) An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and
arms, in early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus. --Good.
2. A name of rust on grain. See {Rust}.
Red-hand \Red"-hand`\ (r?d"h?nd`), Red-handed \Red"-hand`ed\
(-h?nd`?d), a. or adv.
Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as if with red
or bloody hands; -- said of a person taken in the act of
homicide; hence, fresh from the commission of crime; as, he
was taken red-hand or red-handed.
Redhead \Red"head`\ (-h?d`), n.
1. A person having red hair.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An American duck ({Aythya Americana}) highly esteemed
as a game bird. It is closely allied to the
canvasback, but is smaller and its head brighter red.
Called also {red-headed duck}. {American poachard},
{grayback}, and {fall duck}. See Illust. under
{Poachard}.
(b) The red-headed woodpecker. See {Woodpecker}.
3. (Bot.) A kind of milkweed ({Asclepias Curassavica}) with
red flowers. It is used in medicine.
Redhibition \Red`hi*bi"tion\ (r?d`h?*b?sh"?n), n. [L. redhibitio
a taking back.] (Civil Law)
The annulling of a sale, and the return by the buyer of the
article sold, on account of some defect.
Redhibitory \Red*hib"i*to*ry\ (r?d*h?b"?*t?*r?), a. [L.
redhibitorius.] (Civil Law)
Of or pertaining to redhibition; as, a redhibitory action or
fault.
Redhoop \Red"hoop`\ (r?d"h??p`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The male of the European bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]
Redhorn \Red"horn`\ (-h?rn`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of a tribe of butterflies ({Fugacia}) including
the common yellow species and the cabbage butterflies. The
antenn[ae] are usually red.
Red-hot \Red"-hot`\ (-h?t`), a.
Red with heat; heated to redness; as, red-hot iron; red-hot
balls. Hence, figuratively, excited; violent; as, a red-hot
radical. --Shak.
Redia \Re"di*a\ (r?"d?*?), n.; pl. L. {Redi[ae]} (-[=e]), E.
{Redias} (-?z). [NL.; of uncertain origin.] (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of larva, or nurse, which is prroduced within the
sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual generation. It in
turn produces, in the same way, either another generation of
redi[ae], or else cercari[ae] within its own body. Called
also {proscolex}, and {nurse}. See Illustration in Appendix.
Redient \Re"di*ent\ (r?"d?-ent), a. [L. rediens, p. pr. of
redire to return; pref. red- + ire to go.]
Returning. [R.]
Redigest \Re`di*gest"\ (r?`d?*j?st"), v. t.
To digest, or reduce to form, a second time. --Kent.
Rediminish \Re`di*min"ish\ (-m?n"?sh), v. t.
To diminish again.
Redingote \Red"in*gote\ (r[e^]d"[i^]n*g[=o]t), n. [F., corrupted
from E. riding coat.]
A long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.
Redintegrate \Re*din"te*grate\ (r?*d?n"t?*gr?t), a. [L.
redintegratus, p. p. of redintegrare to restore; pref. red-,
re-, re- + integrare to make whole, to renew, fr. integer
whole. See {Integer}.]
Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed. --Bacon.
Redintegrate \Re*din"te*grate\ (-gr?t), v. t.
To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or
soundness.
The English nation seems obliterated. What could
redintegrate us again? --Coleridge.
Redintegration \Re*din`te*gra"tion\ (-gr?"sh?n), n. [L.
redintegratio.]
1. Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal;
renovation. --Dr. H. More.
2. (Chem.) Restoration of a mixed body or matter to its
former nature and state. [Achaic.] --Coxe.
3. (Psychology) The law that objects which have been
previously combined as part of a single mental state tend
to recall or suggest one another; -- adopted by many
philosophers to explain the phenomena of the association
of ideas.
Redirect \Re`di*rect"\ (r?`d?*r?kt"), a. (Law)
Applied to the examination of a witness, by the party calling
him, after the cross-examination.
Redisburse \Re`dis*burse"\ (r?`d?s*b?rs"), v. t.
To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back. --Spenser.
Rediscover \Re`dis*cov"er\ (-k?v"?r), v. t.
To discover again.
Redispose \Re`dis*pose"\ (-p?z"), v. t.
To dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange. --A.
Baxter.
Redisseize \Re`dis*seize"\ (-s?z"), v. t. (Law)
To disseize anew, or a second time. [Written also
{redisseise}.]
Redisseizin \Re`dis*sei"zin\ (-s?"z?n), n. (Law)
A disseizin by one who once before was adjudged to have
dassezed the same person of the same lands, etc.; also, a
writ which lay in such a case. --Blackstone.
Redisseizor \Re`dis*sei"zor\ (-z?r), n. (Law)
One who redisseizes.
Redissolve \Re`dis*solve"\ (r?`d?z*z?lv"), v. t.
To dissolve again.
Redistill \Re`dis*till"\ (r?`d?s*t?l"), v. t.
To distill again.
Redistrainer \Re`dis*train"er\ (-tr?n"?r), n.
One who distrains again.
Redistribute \Re`dis*trib"ute\ (-tr?b"?t), v. t.
To distribute again. -- {Re*dis`tri*bu"tion} (-tr?*b?"sh?n),
n.
Redistrict \Re*dis"trict\ (-tr?kt), v. t.
To divide into new districts.
Redition \Re*di"tion\ (r?*d?sh"?n), n. [L. reditio, fr. redire.
See {Redient}.]
Act of returning; return. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Redivide \Re`di*vide"\ (r?`d?*v?d"), v. t.
To divide anew.
Redleg \Red"leg`\ (r?d"l?g`), Redlegs \Red`legs`\ (-l?gz`), n.
(Zo["o]l.)
(a) The redshank.
(b) The turnstone.
Red-letter \Red"-let`ter\ (-l?t`t?r), a.
Of or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters.
{Red-letter day}, a day that is fortunate or auspicious; --
so called in allusion to the custom of marking holy days,
or saints' days, in the old calendars with red letters.
Redly \Red"ly\, adv.
In a red manner; with redness.
Redmouth \Red"mouth`\ (-mouth`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus
{Diabasis}, or {H[ae]mulon}, of the Southern United States,
having the inside of the mouth bright red. Called also
{flannelmouth}, and {grunt}.
Redness \Red"ness\, n. [AS. re['a]dness. See {Red}.]
The quality or state of being red; red color.
Redolence \Red"o*lence\ (r?d"?*lens), Redolency \Red"o*len*cy\
(-len*s?), n.
The quality of being redolent; sweetness of scent; pleasant
odor; fragrance.
Redolent \Red"o*lent\ (-lent), a. [L. redolens, -entis, p. pr.
of redolere to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref. red-,
re-, re- + olere to emit a smell. See {Odor}.]
Diffusing odor or fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented;
odorous; smelling; -- usually followed by of. ``Honey
redolent of spring.'' --Dryden. -- {Red"o*lent*ly}, adv.
Gales . . . redolent of joy and youth. --Gray.
Redouble \Re*dou"ble\ (r?*d?b"'l), v. t. [Pref. re- + double:
cf. F. redoubler. Cf. {Reduplicate}.]
To double again or repeatedly; to increase by continued or
repeated additions; to augment greatly; to multiply.
So they Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe. --Shak.
Redouble \Re*dou"ble\, v. i.
To become greatly or repeatedly increased; to be multiplied;
to be greatly augmented; as, the noise redoubles.
Redoubt \Re*doubt"\ (r?*dout"), n. [F. redoute, fem., It.
ridotto, LL. reductus, literally, a retreat, from L. reductus
drawn back, retired, p. p. of reducere to lead or draw back;
cf. F. r['e]duit, also fr. LL. reductus. See {Reduce}, and
cf. {Reduct}, {R['e]duit}, {Ridotto}.] (Fort.)
(a) A small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or
outwork of varying shape, commonly erected for a
temporary purpose, and without flanking defenses, -- used
esp. in fortifying tops of hills and passes, and
positions in hostile territory.
(b) In permanent works, an outwork placed within another
outwork. See F and i in Illust. of {Ravelin}. [Written
also {redout}.]
Redoubt \Re*doubt"\, v. t. [F. redouter, formerly also spelt
redoubter; fr. L. pref. re- re- + dubitare to doubt, in LL.,
to fear. See {Doubt}.]
To stand in dread of; to regard with fear; to dread. [R.]
Redoubtable \Re*doubt"a*ble\ (-?*b'l), a. [F. redoutable,
formerly also spelt redoubtable.]
Formidable; dread; terrible to foes; as, a redoubtable hero;
hence, valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque. [Written
also {redoutable}.]
Redoubted \Re*doubt"ed\, a.
Formidable; dread. ``Some redoubted knight.'' --Spenser.
Lord regent, and redoubted Burgandy. --Shak.
Redoubting \Re*doubt"ing\, n.
Reverence; honor. [Obs.]
In redoutyng of Mars and of his glory. --Chaucer.
Redound \Re*dound"\ (r?*dound"), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Redounded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Redounding}.] [F. redonder, L.
redundare; pref. red-, re-, re- + undare to rise in waves or
surges, fr. unda a wave. See {Undulate}, and cf.
{Redundant}.]
1. To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven
back; to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to
conduce; to contribute; to result.
The evil, soon Driven back, redounded as a flood on
those From whom it sprung. --Milton.
The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds
to God, the author of it. --Rogers.
both . . . will devour great quantities of paper,
there will no small use redound from them to that
manufacture. --Addison.
2. To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be
redundant; to overflow.
For every dram of honey therein found, A pound of
gall doth over it redound. --Spenser.
Redound \Re*dound"\, n.
1. The coming back, as of consequence or effect; result;
return; requital.
We give you welcome; not without redound Of use and
glory to yourselves ye come. --Tennyson.
2. Rebound; reverberation. [R.] --Codrington.
Redowa \Red"ow*a\ (r?d"?*?), n. [F., fr. Bohemian.]
A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in triple time, like a
waltz, the other in two-four time, like a polka. The former
is most in use.
Redpole \Red"pole`\ (r?d"p?l`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Redpoll}.
Redpoll \Red"poll`\ (-p?l`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of small northern finches of
the genus {Acanthis} (formerly {[AE]giothus}), native of
Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or
rosy. The male of the most common species ({A. linarius})
has also the breast and rump rosy. Called also {redpoll
linnet}. See Illust. under {Linnet}.
(b) The common European linnet.
(c) The American redpoll warbler ({Dendroica palmarum}).
Redraft \Re*draft"\ (r[=e]*dr[.a]ft"), v. t.
To draft or draw anew.
Redraft \Re*draft"\, n.
1. A second draft or copy.
2. (Com.) A new bill of exchange which the holder of a
protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, in order
to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs and
charges.
Redraw \Re*draw"\ (r?*dr?"), v. t. [imp. {Redrew} (-dr?");p. p.
{Redrawn} (-dr[hand]n"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Redrawing}.]
To draw again; to make a second draft or copy of; to redraft.
Redraw \Re*draw"\, v. i. (Com.)
To draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested
bill, on the drawer or indorsers.
Redress \Re*dress"\ (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + dress.]
To dress again.
Redress \Re*dress"\ (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [F. redresser to
straighten; pref. re- re- + dresser to raise, arrange. See
{Dress.}]
1. To put in order again; to set right; to emend; to revise.
[R.]
The common profit could she redress. --Chaucer.
In yonder spring of roses intermixed With myrtle,
find what to redress till noon. --Milton.
Your wish that I should redress a certain paper
which you had prepared. --A. Hamilton.
2. To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make
amends for; to remedy; to relieve from.
Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . . I doubt
not but with honor to redress. --Shak.
3. To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything
unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon. ``'T is
thine, O king! the afflicted to redress.'' --Dryden.
Will Gaul or Muscovite redress ye? --Byron.
Redress \Re*dress"\, n.
1. The act of redressing; a making right; reformation;
correction; amendment. [R.]
Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us
the more necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves.
--Hooker.
2. A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or opression; as,
the redress of grievances; hence, relief; remedy;
reparation; indemnification. --Shak.
A few may complain without reason; but there is
occasion for redress when the cry is universal.
--Davenant.
3. One who, or that which, gives relief; a redresser.
Fair majesty, the refuge and redress Of those whom
fate pursues and wants oppress. --Dryden.
Redressal \Re*dress"al\ (r?*dr?s"al), n.
Redress.
Redresser \Re*dress"er\ (-?r), n.
One who redresses.
Redressible \Re*dress"i*ble\ (-?*b'l), a.
Such as may be redressed.
Redressive \Re*dress"ive\ (-?v), a.
Tending to redress. --Thomson.
Redressless \Re*dress"less\, a.
Not having redress; such as can not be redressed;
irremediable. --Sherwood.
Redressment \Re*dress"ment\ (-ment), n. [Cf. F. redressement.]
The act of redressing; redress. --Jefferson.
Red-riband \Red"-rib`and\ (r?d"r?b`and), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European red band fish, or fireflame. See {Rend fish}.
Redroot \Red"root`\ (r?d"r?t`), n. (Bot.)
A name of several plants having red roots, as the New Jersey
tea (see under {Tea}), the gromwell, the bloodroot, and the
Lachnanthes tinctoria, an endogenous plant found in sandy
swamps from Rhode Island to Florida.
Redsear \Red`sear"\ (r?d`s?r"), v. i.
To be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short. --Moxon.
Redshank \Red"shank`\ (r?d"sh?nk`), n.
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A common Old World limicoline bird ({Totanus
calidris}), having the legs and feet pale red. The
spotted redshank ({T. fuscus}) is larger, and has
orange-red legs. Called also {redshanks}, {redleg},
and {clee}.
(b) The fieldfare.
2. A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous appellation
formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to
their bare legs. --Spenser.
Red-short \Red"-short`\ (-sh?rt`), a. (Metal.)
Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said of certain kinds of
iron. -- {Red"-short`ness}, n.
Redskin \Red"skin`\ (-sk?n`), n.
A common appellation for a North American Indian; -- so
called from the color of the skin. --Cooper.
Redstart \Red"start`\ (-st?rt`), n. [Red + start tail.]
(Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small, handsome European singing bird ({Ruticilla
ph[oe]nicurus}), allied to the nightingale; -- called
also {redtail}, {brantail}, {fireflirt}, {firetail}. The
black redstart is {P.tithys}. The name is also applied to
several other species of {Ruticilla} amnd allied genera,
native of India.
(b) An American fly-catching warbler ({Setophaga ruticilla}).
The male is black, with large patches of orange-red on
the sides, wings, and tail. The female is olive, with
yellow patches.
Redstreak \Red"streak`\ (-str?k`), n.
1. A kind of apple having the skin streaked with red and
yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple. --Mortimer.
2. Cider pressed from redstreak apples.
Redtail \Red"tail`\ (-t?l`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The red-tailed hawk.
(b) The European redstart.
Red-tailed \Red"-tailed`\ (-t?ld`), a.
Having a red tail.
{Red-tailed hawk} (Zo["o]l.), a large North American hawk
({Buteo borealis}). When adult its tail is chestnut red.
Called also {hen hawck}, and {red-tailed buzzard}.
Red-tape \Red"-tape`\ (-t?p`), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See
{Red tape}, under {Red}, a.
Red-tapism \Red`-tap"ism\ (r?d`t?p"?z'm), n.
Strict adherence to official formalities. --J. C. Shairp.
Red-tapist \Red`-tap"ist\, n.
One who is tenacious of a strict adherence to official
formalities. --Ld. Lytton.
Redthroat \Red"throat`\ (r?d"thr?t`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small Australian singing bird ({Phyrrhol[ae]mus brunneus}).
The upper parts are brown, the center of the throat red.
Redtop \Red"top`\ (-t?p`), n. (Bot.)
A kind of grass ({Agrostis vulgaris}) highly valued in the
United States for pasturage and hay for cattle; -- called
also {English grass}, and in some localities {herd's grass}.
See Illustration in Appendix. The tall redtop is {Triodia
seslerioides}.
Redub \Re*dub"\ (r?*d?b"), v. t. [F. radouber to refit or
repair.]
To refit; to repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay
or requite. [Obs.]
It shall be good that you redub that negligence.
--Wyatt.
God shall give power to redub it with some like
requital to the French. --Grafton.
Reduce \Re*duce"\ (r[-e]*d[=u]s"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reduced}
(-d[=u]st"),; p. pr. & vb. n. {Reducing} (-d[=u]"s[i^]ng).]
[L. reducere, reductum; pref. red-. re-, re- + ducere to
lead. See {Duke}, and cf. {Redoubt}, n.]
1. To bring or lead back to any former place or condition.
[Obs.]
And to his brother's house reduced his wife.
--Chapman.
The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the
great Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his
delegates reduce and direct us. --Evelyn.
2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank,
size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to
lower; to degrade; to impair; as, to reduce a sergeant to
the ranks; to reduce a drawing; to reduce expenses; to
reduce the intensity of heat. ``An ancient but reduced
family.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon
something belonging to it, to reduce it.
--Tillotson.
Having reduced Their foe to misery beneath their
fears. --Milton.
Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which
she found the clergyman reduced. --Hawthorne.
3. To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to
capture; as, to reduce a province or a fort.
4. To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding,
pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to reduce a
substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to reduce fruit,
wood, or paper rags, to pulp.
It were but right And equal to reduce me to my dust.
--Milton.
5. To bring into a certain order, arrangement,
classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within
certain limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in
computation; as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a
class or classes; to reduce a series of observations in
astronomy; to reduce language to rules.
6. (Arith.)
(a) To change, as numbers, from one denomination into
another without altering their value, or from one
denomination into others of the same value; as, to
reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to pence, or to
reduce pence to pounds; to reduce days and hours to
minutes, or minutes to days and hours.
(b) To change the form of a quantity or expression without
altering its value; as, to reduce fractions to their
lowest terms, to a common denominator, etc.
7. (Chem.) To bring to the metallic state by separating from
impurities; hence, in general, to remove oxygen from; to
deoxidize; to combine with, or to subject to the action
of, hydrogen; as, ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron;
or metals are reduced from their ores; -- opposed to
{oxidize}.
8. (Med.) To restore to its proper place or condition, as a
displaced organ or part; as, to reduce a dislocation, a
fracture, or a hernia.
{Reduced iron} (Chem.), metallic iron obtained through
deoxidation of an oxide of iron by exposure to a current
of hydrogen or other reducing agent. When hydrogen is used
the product is called also {iron by hydrogen}.
{To reduce an equation} (Alg.), to bring the unknown quantity
by itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the
other side, without destroying the equation.
{To reduce an expression} (Alg.), to obtain an equivalent
expression of simpler form.
{To reduce a square} (Mil.), to reform the line or column
from the square.
Syn: To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten; curtail;
impair; lower; subject; subdue; subjugate; conquer.
Reducement \Re*duce"ment\ (r?*d?s"ment), n.
Reduction. --Milton.
Reducent \Re*du"cent\ (r?*d?"sent), a. [L. reducens, p. pr. of
reducere.]
Tending to reduce. -- n. A reducent agent.
Reducer \Re*du"cer\ (-s?r), n.
One who, or that which, reduces.
Reducible \Re*du"ci*ble\ (-s?*b'll), a.
Capable of being reduced.
Reducibleness \Re*du"ci*ble*ness\, n.
Quality of being reducible.
Reducing \Re*du"cing\ (r?*d?"s?ng),
a & n. from {Reduce}.
{Reducing furnace} (Metal.), a furnace for reducing ores.
{Reducing pipe fitting}, a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an
elbow, a tee, etc., for connecting a large pipe with a
smaller one.
{Reducing valve}, a device for automatically maintaining a
diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc., in a pipe,
or other receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe in
which the pressure is higher than is desired in the
receiver.
Reduct \Re*duct"\ (r?*d?kt"), v. t.. [L. reductus, p. p. of
reducere. See {Reduce}.]
To reduce. [Obs.] --W. Warde.
Reductibility \Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty\ (r?*d?k`t?*b?l"?*t?), n.
The quality of being reducible; reducibleness.
Reduction \Re*duc"tion\ (r?*d?k"sh?n), n. [F. r['e]duction, L.
reductio. See {Reduce}.]
1. The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion
to a given state or condition; diminution; conquest; as,
the reduction of a body to powder; the reduction of things
to order; the reduction of the expenses of government; the
reduction of a rebellious province.
2. (Arith. & Alq.) The act or process of reducing. See
{Reduce}, v. t., 6. and {To reduce an equation}, {To
reduce an expression}, under {Reduce}, v. t.
3. (Astron.)
(a) The correction of observations for known errors of
instruments, etc.
(b) The preparation of the facts and measurements of
observations in order to deduce a general result.
4. The process of making a copy of something, as a figure,
design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the
proper proportions. --Fairholt.
5. (Logic) The bringing of a syllogism in one of the
so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first figure.
6. (Chem. & Metal.) The act, process, or result of reducing;
as, the reduction of iron from its ores; the reduction of
aldehyde from alcohol.
7. (Med.) The operation of restoring a dislocated or
fractured part to its former place.
{Reduction ascending} (Arith.), the operation of changing
numbers of a lower into others of a higher denomination,
as cents to dollars.
{Reduction descending} (Arith.), the operation of changing
numbers of a higher into others of a lower denomination,
as dollars to cents.
Syn: Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment;
subjugation; conquest; subjection.
Reductive \Re*duc"tive\ (-t?v), a. [Cf. F. r['e]ductif.]
Tending to reduce; having the power or effect of reducing. --
n. A reductive agent. --Sir M. Hale.
Reductively \Re*duc"tive*ly\, adv.
By reduction; by consequence.
R'eduit \R['e]`duit"\ (r?`dw?"), n. [F. See {Redoubt}, n. ]
(Fort.)
A central or retired work within any other work.
Redundance \Re*dun"dance\ (r?*d?n"dans), Redundancy
\Re*dun"dan*cy\ (-dan*s?), n. [L. redundantia: cf. F.
redondance.]
1. The quality or state of being redundant; superfluity;
superabundance; excess.
2. That which is redundant or in excess; anything superfluous
or superabundant.
Labor . . . throws off redundacies. --Addison.
3. (Law) Surplusage inserted in a pleading which may be
rejected by the court without impairing the validity of
what remains.
Redundant \Re*dun"dant\ (-dant), a. [L. redundans, -antis, p.
pr. of redundare: cf. F. redondant. See {Redound}.]
1. Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant;
exuberant; as, a redundant quantity of bile or food.
Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they do
not increase fat so much as flesh. --Arbuthnot.
2. Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful;
pleonastic.
Where an suthor is redundant, mark those paragraphs
to be retrenched. --I. Watts.
Syn: Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant;
overflowing; plentiful; copious.
Redundantly \Re*dun"dant*ly\ (r?*d?n"dant*l?), adv.
In a refundant manner.
Reduplicate \Re*du"pli*cate\ (r?*d?"pl?*k?t), a. [Pref. re- +
duplicate: cf. L. reduplicatus. Cf. {Redouble}.]
1. Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.
2. (Bot.) Valvate with the margins curved outwardly; -- said
of the ?stivation of certain flowers.
Reduplicate \Re*du"pli*cate\ (-k?t), v. t. [Cf. LL.
reduplicare.]
1. To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.
2. (Gram.) To repeat the first letter or letters of (a word).
See {Reduplication}, 3.
Reduplication \Re*du`pli*ca"tion\ (-k?sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
r['e]duplication, L. reduplicatio repetition.]
1. The act of doubling, or the state of being doubled.
2. (Pros.) A figure in which the first word of a verse is the
same as the last word of the preceding verse.
3. (Philol.) The doubling of a stem or syllable (more or less
modified), with the effect of changing the time expressed,
intensifying the meaning, or making the word more
imitative; also, the syllable thus added; as, L. tetuli;
poposci.
Reduplicative \Re*du"pli*ca*tive\ (-k?*t?v), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]duplicatif.]
Double; formed by reduplication; reduplicate. --I. Watts.
Reduvid \Red"u*vid\ (r?d"?*v?d), n. [L. reduvia a hangnail.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any hemipterous insect of the genus {Redivius}, or family
{Reduvid[ae]}. They live by sucking the blood of other
insects, and some species also attack man.
Redweed \Red"weed`\ (r[e^]d"w[=e]d`), n. (Bot.)
The red poppy ({Papaver Rh[oe]as}). --Dr. Prior.
Redwing \Red"wing`\ (-w?ng`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A European thrush ({Turdus iliacus}). Its under wing coverts
are orange red. Called also {redwinged thrush}.
(b) A North American passerine bird ({Agelarius
ph[oe]niceus}) of the family {Icterid[ae]}. The male is
black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered
with orange, on each wing. Called also {redwinged
blackbird}, {red-winged troupial}, {marsh blackbird}, and
{swamp blackbird}.
Redwithe \Red"withe`\ (r?d"w?th`), n. (Bot.)
A west Indian climbing shrub ({Combretum Jacquini}) with
slender reddish branchlets.
Redwood \Red"wood`\ (-w[oo^]d`), n. (Bot.)
(a) A gigantic coniferous tree ({Sequoia sempervirens}) of
California, and its light and durable reddish timber. See
{Sequoia}.
(b) An East Indian dyewood, obtained from {Pterocarpus
santalinus}, {C[ae]salpinia Sappan}, and several other
trees.
Note: The redwood of Andaman is {Pterocarpus dalbergioides};
that of some parts of tropical America, several species
of {Erythoxylum}; that of Brazil, the species of
{Humirium}.
Ree \Ree\ (r[=e]), n. [Pg. real, pl. reis. See {Real} the
money.]
See {Rei}.
Ree \Ree\, v. t. [Cf. Prov. G. r[aum]den, raden, raiten. Cf.
{Riddle} a sieve.]
To riddle; to sift; to separate or throw off. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] --Mortimer.
Reebok \Ree"bok`\ (r?"b?k`), n. [D., literally, roebuck.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The peele. [Written also {rehboc} and {rheeboc}.]
Reecho \Re*["e]ch"o\ (r[=e]*[e^]k"[-o]), v. t.
To echo back; to reverberate again; as, the hills re["e]cho
the roar of cannon.
Reecho \Re*["e]ch"o\, v. i.
To give echoes; to return back, or be reverberated, as an
echo; to resound; to be resonant.
And a loud groan re["e]choes from the main. --Pope.
Reecho \Re*["e]ch"o\, n.
The echo of an echo; a repeated or second echo.
Reechy \Reech"y\ (r[=e]ch"[y^]), a. [See {Reeky}.]
Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with dirt. [Obs.]
Reed \Reed\ (r[=e]d), a.
Red. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reed \Reed\, v. & n.
Same as {Rede}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reed \Reed\, n.
The fourth stomach of a ruminant; rennet. [Prov. Eng. or
Scot.]
Reed \Reed\, n. [AS. hre['o]d; akin to D. riet, G. riet, ried,
OHG. kriot, riot.]
1. (Bot.) A name given to many tall and coarse grasses or
grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed, stems,
such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the
common reed of Europe and North America ({Phragmites
communis}).
2. A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of some
plant; a rustic or pastoral pipe.
Arcadian pipe, the pastoral reed Of Hermes.
--Milton.
3. An arrow, as made of a reed. --Prior.
4. Straw prepared for thatching a roof. [Prov. Eng.]
5. (Mus.)
(a) A small piece of cane or wood attached to the
mouthpiece of certain instruments, and set in
vibration by the breath. In the clarinet it is a
single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is
double, forming a compressed tube.
(b) One of the thin pieces of metal, the vibration of
which produce the tones of a melodeon, accordeon,
harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets
or registers of pipes in an organ.
6. (Weaving) A frame having parallel flat stripe of metal or
reed, between which the warp threads pass, set in the
swinging lathe or batten of a loom for beating up the
weft; a sley. See {Batten}.
7. (Mining) A tube containing the train of powder for
igniting the charge in blasting.
8. (Arch.) Same as {Reeding}.
{Egyptian reed} (Bot.), the papyrus.
{Free reed} (Mus.), a reed whose edges do not overlap the
wind passage, -- used in the harmonium, concertina, etc.
It is distinguished from the beating or striking reed of
the organ and clarinet.
{Meadow reed grass} (Bot.), the {Glyceria aquatica}, a tall
grass found in wet places.
{Reed babbler}. See {Reedbird}.
{Reed bunting} (Zo["o]l.) A European sparrow ({Emberiza
sch[oe]niclus}) which frequents marshy places; -- called
also {reed sparrow}, {ring bunting}.
(b) Reedling.
{Reed canary grass} (Bot.), a tall wild grass ({Phalaris
arundinacea}).
{Reed grass}. (Bot.)
(a) The common reed. See {Reed}, 1.
(b) A plant of the genus {Sparganium}; bur reed. See under
{Bur}.
{Reed organ} (Mus.), an organ in which the wind acts on a set
of free reeds, as the harmonium, melodeon, concertina,
etc.
{Reed pipe} (Mus.), a pipe of an organ furnished with a reed.
{Reed sparrow}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Reed bunting}, above.
{Reed stop} (Mus.), a set of pipes in an organ furnished with
reeds.
{Reed warbler}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small European warbler ({Acrocephalus streperus});
-- called also {reed wren}.
(b) Any one of several species of Indian and Australian
warblers of the genera {Acrocephalus}, {Calamoherpe},
and {Arundinax}. They are excellent singers.
{Sea-sand reed} (Bot.), a kind of coarse grass ({Ammophila
arundinacea}). See {Beach grass}, under {Beach}.
{Wood reed grass} (Bot.), a tall, elegant grass ({Cinna
arundinacea}), common in moist woods.
Reedbird \Reed"bird`\ (r?d"b?rd`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The bobolink.
(b) One of several small Asiatic singing birds of the
genera {Sch[oe]nicola} and {Eurycercus}; -- called
also {reed babbler}.
Reedbuck \Reed"buck"\ (-b?k`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Rietboc}.
Reeded \Reed"ed\, a.
1. Civered with reeds; reedy. --Tusser.
2. Formed with channels and ridges like reeds.
Reeden \Reed"en\ (r?d"'n), a.
Consisting of a reed or reeds.
Through reeden pipes convey the golden flood. --Dryden.
Reedification \Re*["e]d`i*fi*ca"tion\ (r?*?d`?*f?*k?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r['e]['e]dification. See {Re["e]dify}.]
The act re["e]difying; the state of being re["e]dified.
Reedify \Re*["e]d"i*fy\ (r?*?d"?*ff?), v. t. [Pref. re- + edify:
cf. F. r['e]['e]difier, L. reaedificare.]
To edify anew; to build again after destruction. [R.]
--Milton.
Reeding \Reed"ing\ (r?d"?ng), n. [From 4th {Reed}.]
1. (Arch.) A small convex molding; a reed (see Illust.
(i) of {Molding}); one of several set close together to
decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of
reedings; -- the reverse of fluting.
Note: Several reedings are often placed together, parallel to
each other, either projecting from, or inserted into,
the adjining surface. The decoration so produced is
then called, in general, reeding.
2. The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly called
milling.
Reedless \Reed"less\, a.
Destitute of reeds; as, reedless banks.
Reedling \Reed"ling\ (-l?ng), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European bearded titmouse ({Panurus biarmicus}); --
called also {reed bunting}, {bearded pinnock}, and {lesser
butcher bird}.
Note: It is orange brown, marked with black, white, and
yellow on the wings. The male has a tuft of black
feathers on each side of the face.
Reed-mace \Reed"-mace`\ (-m?s`), n. (Bot.)
The cat-tail.
Reedwork \Reed"work`\ (-w?rk`), n. (Mus.)
A collective name for the reed stops of an organ.
Reedy \Reed"y\ (-?), a.
1. Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds. ``A reedy
pool.'' --Thomson .
2. Having the quality of reed in tone, that is, ????? and
thin^ as some voices.
Reef \Reef\ (r?f), n. [Akin to D. rif, G. riff, Icel. rif, Dan.
rev; cf. Icel. rifa rift, rent, fissure, rifa to rive, bear.
Cf. {Rift}, {Rive}.]
1. A chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of
the water. See {Coral reefs}, under {Coral}.
2. (Mining.) A large vein of auriferous quartz; -- so called
in Australia. Hence, any body of rock yielding valuable
ore.
{Reef builder} (Zo["o]l.), any stony coral which contributes
material to the formation of coral reefs.
{Reef heron} (Zo["o]l.), any heron of the genus {Demigretta};
as, the blue reef heron ({D. jugularis}) of Australia.
Reef \Reef\, n. [Akin to D. reef, G. reff, Sw. ref; cf. Icel.
rif reef, rifa to basten together. Cf. {Reeve}, v. t.,
{River}.] (Naut.)
That part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of
the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to
the force of the wind.
Note: From the head to the first reef-band, in square sails,
is termed the first reef; from this to the next is the
second reef; and so on. In fore-and-aft sails, which
reef on the foot, the first reef is the lowest part.
--Totten.
{Close reef}, the last reef that can be put in.
{Reef band}. See {Reef-band} in the Vocabulary.
{Reef knot}, the knot which is used in tying reef pointss.
See Illust. under {Knot}.
{Reef line}, a small rope formerly used to reef the courses
by being passed spirally round the yard and through the
holes of the reef. --Totten.
{Reef points}, pieces of small rope passing through the
eyelet holes of a reef-band, and used reefing the sail.
{Reef tackle}, a tackle by which the reef cringles, or rings,
of a sail are hauled up to the yard for reefing. --Totten.
{To take a reef in}, to reduce the size of (a sail) by
folding or rolling up a reef, and lashing it to the spar.
Reef \Reef\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reefed} (r[=e]ft); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Reefing}.] (Naut.)
To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a
certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or spar.
--Totten.
{To reef the paddles}, to move the floats of a paddle wheel
toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply.
Reef-band \Reef"-band`\ (r?f"b?nd`), n. (Naut.)
A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to strengthen it in the
part where the eyelet holes for reefing are made. --Totten.
Reefer \Reef"er\ (-?r), n.
1. (Naut.) One who reefs; -- a name often given to
midshipmen. --Marryat.
2. A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick cloth.
Reefing \Reef"ing\, n. (Naut.)
The process of taking in a reef.
{Reefing bowsprit}, a bowsprit so rigged that it can easily
be run in or shortened by sliding inboard, as in cutters.
Reefy \Reef"y\ (-?), a.
Full of reefs or rocks.
Reek \Reek\ (r[=e]k), n.
A rick. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Reek \Reek\, n. [AS. r[emc]c; akin to OFries. r[=e]k, LG. & D.
rook, G. rauch, OHG. rouh, Dan. r["o]g, Sw. r["o]k, Icel.
reykr, and to AS. re['o]can to reek, smoke, Icel. rj[=u]ka,
G. riechen to smell.]
Vapor; steam; smoke; fume.
As hateful to me as the reek of a limekiln. --Shak.
Reek \Reek\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Reeked} (r[=e]kt); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Reeking}.] [As. r[=e]can. See {Reek} vapor.]
To emit vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be
full of fumes; to steam; to smoke; to exhale.
Few chimneys reeking you shall espy. --Spenser.
I found me laid In balmy sweat, which with his beams
the sun Soon dried, and on the reeking moisture fed.
--Milton.
The coffee rooms reeked with tobacco. --Macaulay.
Reeky \Reek"y\ (-?), a. [From 2d {Reek}; cf. {Reechy}.]
1. Soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul. --Shak.
2. Emitting reek. ``Reeky fen.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Reel \Reel\ (r?l), n. [Gael. righil.]
A lively dance of the Highlanders of Scotland; also, the
music to the dance; -- often called {Scotch reel}.
{Virginia reel}, the common name throughout the United States
for the old English ``country dance,'' or contradance
(contredanse). --Bartlett.
Reel \Reel\, n. [AS. kre?l: cf. Icel. kr?ll a weaver's reed or
sley.]
1. A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on
an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are
wound; as, a log reel, used by seamen; an angler's reel; a
garden reel.
2. A machine on which yarn is wound and measured into lays
and hanks, -- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four inches
in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches. --McElrath.
3. (Agric.) A device consisting of radial arms with
horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting machine, for
holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by the
knives.
{Reel oven}, a baker's oven in which bread pans hang
suspended from the arms of a kind of reel revolving on a
horizontal axis. --Knight.
Reel \Reel\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reeled} (r?ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Reeling}. ]
1. To roll. [Obs.]
And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reel.
--Spenser.
2. To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.
Reel \Reel\, v. i. [Cf. Sw. ragla. See {2d Reel}.]
1. To incline, in walking, from one side to the other; to
stagger.
They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken
man. --Ps. cvii.
27.
He, with heavy fumes oppressed, Reeled from the
palace, and retired to rest. --Pope.
The wagons reeling under the yellow sheaves.
--Macaulay.
2. To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy.
In these lengthened vigils his brain often reeled.
--Hawthorne.
Reel \Reel\, n.
The act or motion of reeling or staggering; as, a drunken
reel. --Shak.
Reelect \Re`["e]*lect"\ (r?`?*l?kt"), v. t.
To elect again; as, to re["e]lect the former governor.
Reelection \Re`["e]*lec"tion\ (-l?k"sh?n), n.
Election a second time, or anew; as, the re["e]lection of a
former chief.
Reeler \Reel"er\ (r?l"?r), n.
1. One who reels.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The grasshopper warbler; -- so called from its
note. [Prov. Eng.]
Reeligible \Re*["e]l"i*gi*ble\ (r[emc]*[e^]l"[i^]*j[i^]*b'l), a.
Eligible again; capable of re["e]lection; as, re["e]ligible
to the same office. -- {Re*["e]l`i*gi*bil"i*ty}
(r[emc]*[e^]l`[i^]*j[i^]*b[i^]l"[i^]*t[y^]), n.
Reem \Reem\ (r?m), n. [Heb.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Hebrew name of a horned wild animal, probably the Urus.
Note: In King James's Version it is called unicorn; in the
Revised Version, wild ox. --Job xxxix. 9.
Reem \Reem\, v. t. [Cf. {Ream} to make a hole in.] (Naut.)
To open (the seams of a vessel's planking) for the purpose of
calking them.
{Reeming iron} (Naut.), an iron chisel for reeming the seams
of planks in calking ships.
Reembark \Re`["e]m*bark"\ (r?`?m*b?rk"), v. t. & i.
To put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark again.
Reembarkation \Re*["e]m`bar*ka"tion\ (r?*?m`b?r*k?"sh?n), n.
A putting, or going, on board a vessel again.
Reembody \Re`["e]m*bod"y\ (r?`?m*b?d"?), v. t.
To embody again.
Reembrace \Re`["e]m*brace"\ (-br?s"), v. i.
To embrace again.
Reemerge \Re`["e]*merge"\ (r?`?*m?rj"), v. i.
To emerge again.
Reemergence \Re`["e]*mer"gence\ (-m?r"jens), n.
Act of re?merging.
Reenact \Re`["e]n*act"\ (r?`?n*?kt"), v. t.
To enact again.
Reenaction \Re`["e]n*ac"tion\ (-?k"sh?n), n.
The act of re?nacting; the state of being re?nacted.
Reenacment \Re`["e]n*ac"ment\ (-?kt"ment), n.
The enacting or passing of a law a second time; the renewal
of a law.
Reencourage \Re`["e]n*cour"age\ (-k?r"?j;), v. t.
To encourage again.
Reendow \Re`["e]n*dow"\ (-dou"), v. t.
To endow again.
Reenforce \Re`["e]n*force"\ (-f?rs"), v. t. [Pref. re- +
enforce: cf. F. renforcer.]
To strengthen with new force, assistance, material, or
support; as, to re["e]nforce an argument; to re["e]nforce a
garment; especially, to strengthen with additional troops, as
an army or a fort, or with additional ships, as a fleet.
[Written also {reinforce}.]
Reenforce \Re`["e]n*force"\, n. [See {Re["e]nforce}, v., and cf.
{Ranforce}, {Reinforce}.]
Something which re["e]nforces or strengthens. Specifically:
(a) That part of a cannon near the breech which is thicker
than the rest of the piece, so as better to resist the
force of the exploding powder. See Illust. of {Cannon}.
(b) An additional thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like,
around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc.
Reenforcement \Re`["e]n*force"ment\ (r?`?n*f?rs"ment), n.
1. The act of re["e]nforcing, or the state of being
re["e]nforced.
2. That which re["e]nforces; additional force; especially,
additional troops or force to augment the strength of any
army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet.
Reengage \Re`["e]n*gage"\ (-g?j), v. t. & i.
To engage a second time or again.
Reengagement \Re`["e]n*gage"ment\ (-ment), n.
A renewed or repeated engagement.
Reengrave \Re`["e]n*grave"\ (-gr?v"), v. t.
To engrave anew.
Reenjoy \Re`["e]n*joy"\ (-joi"), v. i.
To enjoi anew. --Pope.
Reenjoyment \Re`["e]n*joy"ment\ (-ment), n.
Renewed enjoiment.
Reenkindle \Re`["e]n*kin"dle\ (-k?n"d'l), v. t.
To enkindle again.
Reenlist \Re`["e]n*list"\ (-l?st"), v. t. & i.
To enlist again.
Reenlistment \Re`["e]n*list"ment\ (-ment), n.
A renewed enlistment.
Reenslave \Re`["e]n*slave"\ (-sl?v"), v. t.
To enslave again.
Reenter \Re*["e]n"ter\ (r?*?n"t?r), v. t.
1. To enter again.
2. (Engraving) To cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of
metal, when the engraving has not been deep enough, or the
plate has become worn in printing.
Reenter \Re*["e]n"ter\, v. i.
To enter anew or again.
{Re["e]ntering angle}, an angle of a polygon pointing inward,
as a, in the cut.
{Re["e]ntering polygon}, a polygon having one or more
re["e]ntering angles.
Reentering \Re*["e]n"ter*ing\, n. (Calico Printing.)
The process of applying additional colors, by applications of
printing blocks, to patterns already partly colored.
Reenthrone \Re`["e]n*throne"\ (-thr?n"), v. t.
To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.
Reenthronement \Re`["e]n*throne"ment\ (-ment), n.
A second enthroning.
Reentrance \Re*["e]n"trance\ (r?*?n"trans), n.
The act entereing again; re?ntry. --Hooker.
Reentrant \Re*["e]n"trant\ (-trant), a.
Re["e]ntering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, a re?ntrant
angle.
Reentry \Re*["e]n"try\ (-tr?), n.
1. A second or new entry; as, a re["e]ntry into public life.
2. (Law) A resuming or retaking possession of what one has
lately foregone; -- applied especially to land; the entry
by a lessor upon the premises leased, on failure of the
tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the lease.
--Burrill.
{Card of re["e]try}, (Whist), a card that by winning a trick
will bring one the lead at an advanced period of the hand.
Reerect \Re`["e]*rect"\ (r?`?*r?kt"), v. t.
To erect again.
Reermouse \Reer"mouse`\ (r?r"mous`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Rearmouse}.
Reestablish \Re`["e]s*tab"lish\ (r?`?s*t?b"l?sh), v. t.
To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; as,
to re["e]stablish a covenant; to re["e]stablish health.
Reestablisher \Re`["e]s*tab"lish*er\ (-?r), n.
One who establishes again.
Reestablishment \Re`["e]s*tab"lish*ment\ (-mnt), n.
The act re["e]stablishing; the state of being
re["e]stablished. --Addison.
Reestate \Re`["e]s*tate"\ (-t?t), v. t.
To re["e]stablish. [Obs.] --Walis.
Reeve \Reeve\ (r?v), n. (Zo["o]l.)
The female of the ruff.
Reeve \Reeve\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rove} (r?v); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Reeving}.] [Cf. D. reven. See {Reef}, n. & v. t.] (Naut.)
To pass, as the end of a pope, through any hole in a block,
thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the like.
Reeve \Reeve\, n. [OE. reve, AS. ger?fa. Cf. {Sheriff}.]
an officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in
compounds; as, shirereeve, now written sheriff; portreeve,
etc. --Chaucer. --Piers Plowman.
Reexaminable \Re`["e]x*am"i*na*ble\ (r?`?gz*?m"?*n?*b'l), a.
Admitting of being re["e]xamined or reconsidered. --Story.
Reexamination \Re`["e]x*am`i*na"tion\ (-?*n?"sh?n), n.
A repeated examination. See under {Examination}.
Reexamine \Re`["e]x*am"ine\ (--?n), v. t.
To examine anew. --Hooker.
Reexchange \Re`["e]x*change"\ (r?`?ks*ch?nj"), v. t.
To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange).
Reexchange \Re`["e]x*change"\ n.
1. A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.
2. (Com.) The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or
draft which has been dishonored in a foreign country, and
returned to the country in which it was made or indorsed,
and then taken up. --Bouvier.
The rate of re["e]xchange is regulated with respect
to the drawer, at the course of exchange between the
place where the bill of exchange was payable, and
the place where it was drawn. Re["e]xchange can not
be cumulated. --Walsh.
Reexhibit \Re`["e]x*hib"it\ (r?`?gz*?b"?t or -?ks*h?b"?t), v. t.
To exhibit again.
Reexpel \Re`["e]x*pel"\ (r?`?ks*p?l"), v. t.
To expel again.
Reexperience \Re`["e]x*pe"ri*ence\ (-p?`r?-ens), n.
A renewed or repeated experience.
Reexport \Re`["e]x*port"\ (-p?rt"), v. t.
To export again, as what has been imported.
Reexport \Re*["e]x"port\ (r?*?ks"p?rt), n/
Any commodity re["e]xported; -- chiefly in the ptural.
Reexportation \Re*["e]x`por*ta"tion\ (-p?r*t?"sh?n), n.
The act of re["e]xporting, or of exporting an import. --A.
Smith.
expulsion \`["e]x*pul"sion\ (r?`?ks*p?l"sh?n), n.
Renewed or repeated expulsion. --Fuller.
Reezed \Reezed\ (r?zd), a.
Grown rank; rancid; rusty. [Obs.] ``Reezed bacon.''
--Marston.
Refaction \Re*fac"tion\ (r?*f?k"sh?n), n. [See {Refection}.]
Recompense; atonemet; retribution. [Obs.] --Howell.
Refar \Re*far"\ (r?*f?r"), v. t. [Cf. F. refaire to do over
again.]
To go over again; to repeat. [Obs.]
To him therefore this wonder done refar. --Fairfax.
Refashion \Re*fash"ion\ (r?*f?sh"?n), v. t.
To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second time.
--MacKnight.
Refashionment \Re*fash"ion*ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned.
[R.] --Leigh Hunt.
Refasten \Re*fas"ten\ (r?*f?s"'n), v. t.
To fasten again.
Refect \Re*fect"\ (r?*f?kt), v. t. [L. refectus, p. p. of
reficere; pref. re- re- + facere to make.]
To restore after hunger or fatique; to refresh. [Archaic]
--Sir T. Browne.
Refection \Re*fec"tion\ (r?*f?k"sh?n), n. [L. refectio: cf. F.
r['e]fection. See {Refect}, {Fact}.]
Refreshment after hunger or fatique; a repast; a lunch.
[His] feeble spirit inly felt refection. --Spenser.
Those Attic nights, and those refections of the gods.
--Curran.
Refective \Re*fec"tive\ (r?*f?k"t?v), a.
Refreshing; restoring.
Refective \Re*fec"tive\, n.
That which refreshes.
Refectory \Re*fec"to*ry\ (-t?*r?), n.; pl.; {Refectories}
(-r?z). [{LL}. refectorium: cf. F. r['e]fectoire. See
{Refection}.]
A room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in
monasteries or convents.
Note: Sometimes pronounced r?f"?k*t?*r?, especially when
signifying the eating room in monasteries.
Refel \Re*fel"\ (r?*f?l"), v. t. [L. refellere; pref. re- re- +
fallere to deceive.]
To refute; to disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a
sophister. [Obs.]
How he refelled me, and how I replied. --Shak.
Refer \Re*fer"\ (r?*f?r"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Referred}
(-f?rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Referring}.] [F. r['e]f['e]rer, L.
referre; pref. re- re- + ferre to bear. See {Bear} to carry.]
1. To carry or send back. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct
elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, infirmation, decision,
etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer
a student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer;
to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a matter of
fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a
question of law to a superior tribunal.
3. To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to
assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason,
or ground of explanation; as, he referred the phenomena to
electrical disturbances.
{To refer one's self}, to have recourse; to betake one's
self; to make application; to appeal. [Obs.]
I'll refer me to all things sense. --Shak.
Refer \Re*fer"\, v. i.
1. To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's
self; as, to refer to a dictionary.
In suits . . . it is to refer to some friend of
trust. --Bacon.
2. To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as,
the figure refers to a footnote.
Of those places that refer to the shutting and
opening the abyss, I take notice of that in Job.
--Bp. Burnet.
3. To carry the mind or throught; to direct attention; as,
the preacher referrd to the late election.
4. To direct inquiry for information or a quarantes of any
kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity,
pecuniary ability, and the like; as, I referred to his
employer for the truth of his story.
Syn: To allude; advert; suggest; appeal.
Usage: {Refer}, {Allude}, {Advert}. We refer to a thing by
specifically and distinctly introducing it into our
discourse. We allude to it by introducing it
indirectly or indefinitely, as by something
collaterally allied to it. We advert to it by turning
off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large.
Thus, Macaulay refers to the early condition of
England at the opening of his history; he alludes to
these statements from time to time; and adverts, in
the progress of his work, to various circumstances of
pecullar interest, on which for a time he dwells.
``But to do good is . . . that that Solomon chiefly
refers to in the text.'' --Sharp. ``This, I doubt not,
was that artificial structure here alluded to.'' --T.
Burnet.
Now to the universal whole advert: The earth
regard as of that whole a part. --Blackmore.
Referable \Ref"er*a*ble\ (r?f"?r*?*b'l), a.
Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to
something else; assignable; ascribable. [Written also
{referrible}.]
It is a question among philosophers, whether all the
attractions which obtain between bodies are referable
to one general cause. --W.
Nicholson.
Referee \Ref`er*ee"\ (-?), n.
One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in
dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.
Syn: Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See {Judge}.
Reference \Ref"er*ence\ (r?f"?r-ens), n. [See {Refer}.]
1. The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as,
reference to a chart for quidance.
2. That which refers to something; a specific direction of
the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
3. Relation; regard; respect.
Something that hath a reference to my state. --Shak.
4. One who, or that which, is referred to. Specifically;
(a) One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity,
capacity, and the like, of another.
(b) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is
referred.
5. (Law)
(a) The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the
judgment of one or more persons for decision.
(b) (Equity) The process of sending any matter, for
inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in
order that he may ascertain facts and report to the
court.
6. Appeal. [R.] ``Make your full reference.'' --Shak.
{Reference Bible}, a Bible in which brief explanations, and
references to parallel passages, are printed in the margin
of the text.
Referendary \Ref`er*en"da*ry\ (r?f`?r*?n"d?*r?), n. [LL.
referendarius, fr. L. referendus to be referred, gerundive of
referre: cf. F. r['e]f['e]rendaire. See {Refer}.]
1. One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee.
[Obs.] --Bacon.
2. An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions.
``Referendaries, or masters of request.'' --Harmar.
3. Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of
procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.
Referendum \Ref`er*en"dum\ (r?f`?r*?n"d?m), n. [Gerundive fr. L.
referre. See {Refer}.]
1. A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his
government concerning a particular matter or point.
2. The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure
passed upon by a legislature.
Referential \Ref`er*en"tial\ (-shal), a.
Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself;
as, notes for referential use. -- {Ref`er*en"tial*ly}, adv.
Referment \Re*fer"ment\ (r?*f?r"ment), n.
The act of referring; reference. --Laud.
Referment \Re`*fer*ment"\ (r?`f?r*m?nt"), v. t. & i.
To ferment, or cause to ferment, again. --Blackmore.
Referrer \Re*fer"rer\ (r?*f?r"r?r), n.
One who refers.
Referrible \Re*fer"ri*ble\ (-r?*b'l), a.
Referable. --Hallam.
Refigure \Re*fig"ure\ (r?*f?g"?r), v. t.
To figure again. --Shak.
Refill \Re*fill"\ (r?*f?l"), v. t. & i.
To fill, or become full, again.
Refind \Re*find"\ (r?*f?nd), v. t.
To find again; to get or experience again. --Sandys.
Refine \Re*fine"\ (r?*f?n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Refined}
(-find"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Refining}.] [Pref. re- + fine to
make fine: cf. F. raffiner.]
1. To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from
impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from
extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine
gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar.
I will bring the third part through the fire, and
will refine them as silver is refined. --Zech. xiii.
9.
2. To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant,
low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish;
as, to refine the manners, the language, the style, the
taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings.
Love refines The thoughts, and heart enlarges.
--Milton.
Syn: To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.
Refine \Re*fine"\, v. i.
1. To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.
So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains,
Works itself clear, and, as it runs, refines.
--Addison.
2. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence.
Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended his stories.
--Dryden.
But let a lord once own the happy lines, How the wit
brightens! How the style refines! --Pope.
3. To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language. ``He
makes another paragraph about our refining in
controversy.'' --Atterbury.
Refined \Re*fined"\ (-f?nd"), a.
Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured;
delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined
sentiments.
Refined wits who honored poesy with their pens.
--Peacham.
-- {Re*fin"ed*ly} (r?*f?n"?d*l?), adv. -- {Re*fin"ed*ness},
n.
Refinement \Re*fine"ment\ (r?*f?n"ment), n. [Cf. F.
raffinement.]
1. The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as,
the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas.
The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and
refinement, the more diffusive are they. --Norris.
From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the
corruptions in our language have not equaled its
refinements. --Swift.
2. That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess;
an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic. ``The
refinements of irregular cunning.'' --Rogers.
Syn: Purification; polish; politeness; gentility; elegance;
cultivation; civilization.
Refiner \Re*fin"er\ (-f?n"?r), n.
One who, or that which, refines.
Refinery \Re*fin"er*y\ (-?), n.; pl. {Refineries} (-?z). [Cf. F.
raffinerie.]
1. The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp.
metals and sugar.
2. A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a
blast on the molten metal.
Refit \Re*fit"\ (r?*f?t"), v. t.
1. To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore
after damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to refit
ships of war. --Macaulay.
2. To fit out or supply a second time.
Refit \Re*fit"\, v. i.
To obtain repairs or supplies; as, the fleet returned to
refit.
Refitment \Re*fit"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted.
Refix \Re*fix"\ (r?*f?ks"), v. t.
To fix again or anew; to establish anew. --Fuller.
Reflame \Re*flame"\ (r?*fl?m"), v. i.
To kindle again into flame.
Reflect \Re*flect"\ (r?*fl?kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Reflected}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Reflecting}.] [L. reflectere,
reflexum; pref. re- re- + flectere to bend or turn. See
{Flexible}, and cf. {Reflex}, v.]
1. To bend back; to give a backwa?d turn to; to throw back;
especially, to cause to return after striking upon any
surface; as, a mirror reflects rays of light; polished
metals reflect heat.
Let me mind the reader to reflect his eye on our
quotations. --Fuller.
Bodies close together reflect their own color.
--Dryden.
2. To give back an image or likeness of; to mirror.
Nature is the glass reflecting God, As by the sea
reflected is the sun. --Young.
Reflect \Re*flect"\ v. i.
1. To throw back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or
beams.
2. To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert;
to return.
Whose virtues will, I hope, Reflect on Rome, as
Titan's rays on earth. --Shak.
3. To throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to
contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to what
passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or
phenomena of consciousness; to use attention or earnest
thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to
moral truth or rules.
We can not be said to reflect upon any external
object, except so far as that object has been
previously perceived, and its image become part and
parcel of our intellectual furniture. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
All men are concious of the operations of their own
minds, at all times, while they are awake, but there
few who reflect upon them, or make them objects of
thought. --Reid.
As I much reflected, much I mourned. --Prior.
4. To cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor.
Errors of wives reflect on husbands still. --Dryden.
Neither do I reflect in the least upon the memory of
his late majesty. --Swift.
Syn: To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate;
ponder; muse; ruminate.
Reflected \Re*flect"ed\, a.
1. Thrown back after striking a surface; as, reflected light,
heat, sound, etc.
2. Hence: Not one's own; received from another; as, his glory
was reflected glory.
3. Bent backward or outward; reflexed.
Reflectent \Re*flect"ent\ (r?*fl?kt"ent), a. [L. reflectens, p.
pr. of reflectere. See {Reflect}.]
1. Bending or flying back; reflected. ``The ray descendent,
and the ray reflectent flying with so great a speed.''
--Sir K. Digby.
2. Reflecting; as, a reflectent body. --Sir K. Digby.
Reflectible \Re*flect"i*ble\ (-?*b'l), a.
Capable of being reflected, or thrown back; reflexible.
Reflecting \Re*flect"ing\, a.
1. Throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other
surface.
2. Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective;
contemplative; as, a reflecting mind.
{Reflecting circle}, an astronomical instrument for measuring
angless, like the sextant or Hadley's quadrant, by the
reflection of light from two plane mirrors which it
carries, and differing from the sextant chiefly in having
an entire circle.
{Reflecting galvanometer}, a galvanometer in which the
deflections of the needle are read by means of a mirror
attached to it, which reflects a ray of light or the image
of a scale; -- called also {mirror galvanometer}.
{Reflecting goniometer}. See under {Goniometer}.
{Reflecting telescope}. See under {Telescope}.
Reflectingly \Re*flect"ing*ly\, adv.
With reflection; also, with censure; reproachfully. --Swift.
Reflection \Re*flec"tion\ (r?*fl?k"sh?n), n. [L. reflexio: cf.
F. r['e]flexion. See {Riflect}.] [Written also {reflexion}.]
1. The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the
state of being reflected. Specifically:
(a) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a
surface. See {Angle of reflection}, below.
The eye sees not itself, But by reflection, by
some other things. --Shak.
(b) The reverting of the mind to that which has already
occupied it; continued consideration; meditation;
contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of
the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts or
states; the capacity for judging rationally,
especially in view of a moral rule or standard.
By reflection, . . . I would be understood to
mean, that notice which the mind takes of its
own operations, and the manner of them, by
reason whereof there come to be ideas of these
operations in the understanding. --Locke.
This delight grows and improves under thought
and reflection. --South.
2. Shining; brightness, as of the sun. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. That which is produced by reflection. Specifically:
(a) An image given back from a reflecting surface; a
reflected counterpart.
As the sun water we can bear, Yet not the sun,
but his reflection, there. --Dryden.
(b) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the
reflection of a membrane.
(c) Result of meditation; thought or opinion after
attentive consideration or contemplation; especially,
thoughts suggested by truth.
Job's reflections on his once flourishing estate
did at the same time afflict and encourage him.
--Atterbury.
4. Censure; reproach cast.
He died; and oh! may no reflection shed Its
poisonous venom on the royal dead. --Prior.
5. (Physiol.) The transference of an excitement from one
nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve cells, as in
reflex action. See {Reflex action}, under {Reflex}.
{Angle of reflection}, the angle which anything, as a ray of
light, on leaving a reflecting surface, makes with the
perpendicular to the surface.
{Angle of total reflection}. (Opt.) Same as {Critical angle},
under {Critical}.
Syn: Meditation; contemplation; rumination; cogitation;
consideration; musing; thinking.
Reflective \Re*flect"ive\ (r?*fl?kt"?v), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]flectif. Cf. {Reflexive}.]
1. Throwing back images; as, a reflective mirror.
In the reflective stream the sighing bride, viewing
her charms. --Prior.
2. Capable of exercising thought or judgment; as, reflective
reason. --Prior.
His perceptive and reflective faculties . . . thus
acquired a precocious and extraordinary development.
--Motley.
3. Addicted to introspective or meditative habits; as, a
reflective person.
4. (Gram.) Reflexive; reciprocal. -- {Re*flect"ive*ly}, adv.
-- {Re*flect"ive*ness}, n. ``Reflectiveness of manner.''
--J. C. Shairp.
Reflector \Re*flect"or\ (-[~e]r), n. [Cf. F. r['e]flecteur.]
1. One who, or that which, reflects. --Boyle.
2. (Physics)
(a) Something having a polished surface for reflecting
light or heat, as a mirror, a speculum, etc.
(b) A reflecting telescope.
(c) A device for reflecting sound.
Reflex \Re"flex\ (r?"fl?ks), a. [L. reflexus, p. p. of
reflectere: cf. F. r['e]flexe. See {Reflect}.]
1. Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive;
introspective.
The reflex act of the soul, or the turning of the
intellectual eye inward upon its own actions. --Sir
M. Hale.
2. Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return.
3. (Physiol.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or
excitation without the necessary intervention of
consciousness.
{Reflex action} (Physiol.), any action performed
involuntarily in consequence of an impulse or impression
transmitted along afferent nerves to a nerve center, from
which it is reflected to an efferent nerve, and so calls
into action certain muscles, organs, or cells.
{Reflex nerve} (Physiol.), an excito-motory nerve. See
{Exito-motory}.
Reflex \Re"flex\ (r?"fl?ks; formerly r?*fl?ks"), n. [L. reflexus
a bending back. See {Reflect}.]
1. Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated
surface to one in shade.
Yon gray is not the morning's eye, 'Tis but the pale
reflex of Cynthia's brow. --Shak.
On the depths of death there swims The reflex of a
human face. --Tennyson.
2. (Physiol.) An involuntary movement produced by reflex
action.
{Patellar reflex}. See {Knee jerk}, under {Knee}.
Reflex \Re*flex"\ (r?*fl?ks"), v. t. [L. reflexus, p. p. of
reflectere. See {Reflect}.]
1. To reflect. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. To bend back; to turn back. --J. Gregory.
Reflexed \Re*flexed"\ (r?*fl?kst"), a.
Bent backward or outward.
Reflexibility \Re*flex`i*bil"i*ty\ (r?*fl?ks`?*b?l"?*t?), n.
[Cf. F. r['e]flexibilit['e].]
The quality or capability of being reflexible; as, the
reflexibility of the rays of light. --Sir I. Newton.
Reflexible \Re*flex"i*ble\ (r?*fl?ks"?*b'l), a. [CF. F.
r['e]flexible.]
Capable of being reflected, or thrown back.
The light of the sun consists of rays differently
refrangible and reflexible. --Cheyne.
Reflexion \Re*flex"ion\ (-fl?k"sh?n), n.
See {Reflection}. --Chaucer.
Reflexity \Re*flex"i*ty\ (r?*fl?ks"?*t?), n.
The state or condition of being reflected. [R.]
Reflexive \Re*flex"ive\ (-?v), a.
1. [Cf. F. r['e]flexif.] Bending or turned backward;
reflective; having respect to something past.
Assurance reflexive can not be a divine faith.
--Hammond.
2. Implying censure. [Obs.] ``What man does not resent an
ugly reflexive word?'' --South.
3. (Gram.) Having for its direct object a pronoun which
refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent; -- said
of certain verbs; as, the witness perjured himself; I
bethought myself. Applied also to pronouns of this class;
reciprocal; reflective. -- {Re*flex"ive*ly}, adv. --
{Re*flex"ive*ness}, n.
Reflexiv \Re*flex"iv\, adv.
In a reflex manner; reflectively.
Refloat \Re"float\ (r?"fl?t), n.
Reflux; ebb. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Reflorescence \Re`flo*res"cence\ (r?`fl?*r?s"sens), n. (Bot.)
A blossoming anew of a plant after it has apparently ceased
blossoming for the season.
Reflourish \Re*flour"ish\ (r?*fl?r"?sh), v. t. & i.
To flourish again.
Reflew \Re*flew"\ (r?*fl?"), v. i.
To flow back; to ebb.
Reflower \Re*flow"er\ (r[=e]*flou"[~e]r), v. i. & t.
To flower, or cause to flower, again. --Sylvester.
Refluctuation \Re*fluc`tu*a"tion\ (r?*fl?k`t?*?"sh?n; 135), n.
A flowing back; refluence.
Refluence \Ref"lu*ence\ (r?f"l?-ens), Refluency \Ref"lu*en*cy\
(-en*s?), n.
The quality of being refluent; a flowing back.
Refluent \Ref"lu*ent\ (-ent), a. [L. refluens, p. pr. of
refluere to flow back; pref. re- re- + fluere to flow. See
{Flurent}.]
Flowing back; returning; ebbing. --Cowper.
And refluent through the pass of fear The battle's tide
was poured. --Sir W.
Scott.
Reflueus \Ref"lu*eus\ (-?s), a. [L. refluus.]
Refluent. [Obs.]
Reflux \Re"flux`\ (r?"fl?ks`), a.
Returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux action.
Reflux \Re"flux`\, n. [F. reflux. See {Refluent}, {Flux}.]
A flowing back, as the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as,
the flux and reflux of the tides.
All from me Shall with a fierce reflux on me redound.
--Milton.
Refocillate \Re*foc"il*late\ (r?*f?s"?l*l?t), v. t. [L.
refocillatus, p. p. of refocillare; pref. re- re- + focillare
to revive by warmth.]
To refresh; to revive. [Obs.] --Aubrey.
Refocillation \Re*foc`il*la"tion\ (-l?"sh?n), n.
Restoration of strength by refreshment. [Obs.] --Middleton.
Refold \Re*fold"\ (r?*f?ld"), v. t.
To fold again.
Refoment \Re`fo*ment"\ (r?`f?*m?nt"), v. t.
To foment anew.
Reforestization \Re*for`est*i*za`tion\ (r?*f?r`?st*?*z?"sh?n),
n.
The act or process of reforestizing.
Reforestize \Re*for"est*ize\ (r?*f?r"?st*?z), v. t.
To convert again into a forest; to plant again with trees.
Reforge \Re*forge"\ (r?*f?rj"), v. t. [Pref. re- + forge: cf. F.
reforger.]
To forge again or anew; hence, to fashion or fabricate anew;
to make over. --Udall.
Reforger \Re*for"ger\ (r?*f?r"j?r), n.
One who reforges.
Reform \Re*form"\ (r?*f?rm"), v. t. [F. r['e]former, L.
reformare; pref. re- re- + formare to form, from forma form.
See {Form}.]
To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore
to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change
from worse to better; to amend; to correct; as, to reform a
profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals.
The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an
age; but that of a good one will not reform it.
--Swift.
Syn: To amend; correct; emend; rectify; mend; repair; better;
improve; restore; reclaim.
Reform \Re*form"\, v. i.
To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own
character or habits; as, a man of settled habits of vice will
seldom reform.
Reform \Re*form"\, n. [F. r['e]forme.]
Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or
depraved; reformation; as, reform of elections; reform of
government.
{Civil service reform}. See under {Civil}.
{Reform acts} (Eng. Politics), acts of Parliament passed in
1832, 1867, 1884, 1885, extending and equalizing popular
representation in Parliament.
{Reform school}, a school established by a state or city
government, for the confinement, instruction, and
reformation of juvenile offenders, and of young persons of
idle, vicious, and vagrant habits. [U. S.]
Syn: Reformation; amendment; rectification; correction. See
{Reformation}.
Re-form \Re-form"\ (r?*f?rm"), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p.
{Re-formed} (-f?rmd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Re-forming}.]
To give a new form to; to form anew; to take form again, or
to take a new form; as, to re-form the line after a charge.
Reformable \Re*form"a*ble\ (r?*f?rm"?*b'l), a.
Capable of being reformed. --Foxe.
Reformade \Ref`or*made"\ (r?f`?r*m?d"), n.
A reformado. [Obs.]
Reformado \Ref`or*ma"do\ (-m?"d?), n. [Sp., fr. reformar, L.
reformare. SEe {Reform}, v. t.]
1. A monk of a reformed order. [Obs.] --Weever.
2. An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his command,
but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay. [Obs.]
Reformalize \Re*form"al*ize\ (r?*f?rm"al*?z), v. i.
To affect reformation; to pretend to correctness. [R.]
Reformation \Ref`or*ma"tion\ (r?f`?r*m?"sh?n), n. [F.
r['e]formation, L. reformatio.]
1. The act of reforming, or the state of being reformed;
change from worse to better; correction or amendment of
life, manners, or of anything vicious or corrupt; as, the
reformation of manners; reformation of the age;
reformation of abuses.
Satire lashes vice into reformation. --Dryden.
2. Specifically (Eccl. Hist.), the important religious
movement commenced by Luther early in the sixteenth
century, which resulted in the formation of the various
Protestant churches.
Syn: Reform; amendment; correction; rectification.
Usage: {Reformation}, {Reform}. Reformation is a more
thorough and comprehensive change than reform. It is
applied to subjects that are more important, and
results in changes which are more lasting. A
reformation involves, and is followed by, many
particular reforms. ``The pagan converts mention this
great reformation of those who had been the greatest
sinners, with that sudden and surprising change which
the Christian religion made in the lives of the most
profligate.'' --Addison. ``A variety of schemes,
founded in visionary and impracticable ideas of
reform, were suddenly produced.'' --Pitt.
Re-formation \Re`-for*ma"tion\ (r?`f?r*m?"sh?n), n.
The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; as, the
reformation of a column of troops into a hollow square.
Reformative \Re*form"a*tive\ (r?*f?rm"?*t?v), a.
Forming again; having the quality of renewing form;
reformatory. --Good.
Reformatory \Re*form"a*to*ry\ (-t?*r?), a.
Tending to produce reformation; reformative.
Reformatory \Re*form"a*to*ry\, n.; pl. {-ries} (-r?z).
An institution for promoting the reformation of offenders.
Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to
reformatories instead of to prisons. --Eng. Cyc.
Reformed \Re*formed"\ (r?*f?rmd"), a.
1. Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence;
said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant
churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more
restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on
the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the
Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point. The
Protestant churches founded by them in Switzerland,
France, Holland, and part of Germany, were called the
Reformed churches.
The town was one of the strongholds of the Reformed
faith. --Macaulay.
2. Amended in character and life; as, a reformed gambler or
drunkard.
3. (Mil.) Retained in service on half or full pay after the
disbandment of the company or troop; -- said of an
officer. [Eng.]
Reformer \Re*form"er\ (r?*f?rm"?r), n.
1. One who effects a reformation or amendment; one who labors
for, or urges, reform; as, a reformer of manners, or of
abuses.
2. (Eccl.Hist.) One of those who commenced the reformation of
religion in the sixteenth century, as Luther, Melanchthon,
Zwingli, and Calvin.
Reformist \Re*form"ist\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]formiste.]
A reformer.
Reformly \Re*form"ly\, adv.
In the manner of a reform; for the purpose of reform. [Obs.]
--Milton.
Refortification \Re*for`ti*fi*ca"tion\ (r?*f?r`t?*f?*k?"sh?n),
n.
A fortifying anew, or a second time. --Mitford.
Refortify \Re*for"ti*fy\ (r?*f?r"t?*f?), v. t.
To fortify anew.
Refossion \Re*fos"sion\ (r?*f?sh"?n), n. [L. refodere, refossum,
to dig up again. See {Fosse}.]
The act of digging up again. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Refound \Re*found"\ (r?*found"), v. t. [Pref. re- + found to
cast; cf. F. refondare. Cf. {Refund}.]
1. To found or cast anew. ``Ancient bells refounded.'' --T.
Warton.
2. To found or establish again; to re?stablish.
Refound \Re*found"\,
imp. & p. p. of {Refind}, v. t.
Refounder \Re*found"er\ (-?r), n.
One who refounds.
Refract \Re*fract"\ (r?*fr$kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Refracted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Refracting}.] [L. refractus, p.
p. of refringere; pref. re- re- + frangere to break: cf. F.
r['e]fracter. SEe {FRacture}, and cf. {Refrain}, n.]
1. To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off.
2. To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat,
when passing from one transparent medium to another of
different density; to cause to deviate from a direct
course by an action distinct from reflection; as, a dense
medium refrcts the rays of light as they pass into it from
a rare medium.
Refractable \Re*fract"a*ble\ (-?*b'l), a.
Capable of being refracted.
Refracted \Re*fract"ed\, a.
1. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.) Bent backward angularly, as if
half-broken; as, a refracted stem or leaf.
2. Turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted
rays of light.
Refracting \Re*fract"ing\, a.
Serving or tending to refract; as, a refracting medium.
{Refracting angle of a prism} (Opt.), the angle of a
triangular prism included between the two sides through
which the refracted beam passes in the decomposition of
light.
{Refracting telescope}. (Opt.) See under {Telescope}.
Refraction \Re*frac"tion\ (r?*fr?k"sh?n), n. [F. r['e]fraction.]
1. The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.
2. The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the
like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different
density from that through which it has previously moved.
Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser,
is made towards the perpendicular. --Sir I.
Newton.
3. (Astron.)
(a) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and,
consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly
body from which it emanates, arising from its passage
through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished
as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction.
(b) The correction which is to be deducted from the
apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of
atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true
altitude.
{Angle of refraction} (Opt.), the angle which a refracted ray
makes with the perpendicular to the surface separating the
two media traversed by the ray.
{Conical refraction} (Opt.), the refraction of a ray of light
into an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone.
This occurs when a ray of light is passed through crystals
of some substances, under certain circumstances. Conical
refraction is of two kinds; external conical refraction,
in which the ray issues from the crystal in the form of a
cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence;
and internal conical refraction, in which the ray is
changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal,
from which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder.
This singular phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R.
Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by
experiment.
{Differential refraction} (Astron.), the change of the
apparent place of one object relative to a second object
near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required
to be made to the observed relative places of the two
bodies.
{Double refraction} (Opt.), the refraction of light in two
directions, which produces two distinct images. The power
of double refraction is possessed by all crystals except
those of the isometric system. A uniaxial crystal is said
to be optically positive (like quartz), or optically
negative (like calcite), or to have positive, or negative,
double refraction, according as the optic axis is the axis
of least or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial
crystal is similarly designated when the same relation
holds for the acute bisectrix.
{Index of refraction}. See under {Index}.
{Refraction circle} (Opt.), an instrument provided with a
graduated circle for the measurement of refraction.
{Refraction of latitude}, {longitude}, {declination}, {right
ascension}, etc., the change in the apparent latitude,
longitude, etc., of a heavenly body, due to the effect of
atmospheric refraction.
{Terrestrial refraction}, the change in the apparent altitude
of a distant point on or near the earth's surface, as the
top of a mountain, arising from the passage of light from
it to the eye through atmospheric strata of varying
density.
Refractive \Re*fract"ive\ (r?*fr?kt"?v), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]fractif. See {Refract}.]
Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct
course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces;
refractive powers.
{Refractive index}. (Opt.) See {Index of refraction}, under
{Index}.
{Absolute refractive index} (Opt.), the index of refraction
of a substances when the ray passes into it from a vacuum.
{Relative refractive index} (of two media) (Opt.), the ratio
of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the
angle of refraction for a ray passing out of one of the
media into the other.
Refractiveness \Re*fract"ive*ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being refractive.
Refractometer \Re`frac*tom"e*ter\ (r?`fr?k*t?m"?*t?r), n.
[Refraction + -meter.] (Opt.)
A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of
light.
Refractor \Re*fract"or\ (r?-fr?kt"?r), n.
Anything that refracts; specifically: (Opt.) A refracting
telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the
refraction of light in passing through a convex lens.
Refractorily \Re*frac"to*ri*ly\ (r?*fr?k"t?*r?*l?), adv.
In a refractory manner; perversely; obstinately.
Refractoriness \Re*frac"to*ri*ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being refractory.
Refractory \Re*frac"to*ry\ (-r?), a. [L. refractorius, fr.
refringere: cf. F. refractaire. See {Refract}.]
1. Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn;
unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast.
Raging appetites that are Most disobedient and
refractory. --Shak.
2. Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion,
reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and
the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the
hammer; as, a refractory ore.
Syn: Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate;
unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.
Refractory \Re*frac"to*ry\, n.
1. A refractory person. --Bp. Hall.
2. Refractoriness. [Obs.] --Jer. TAylor.
3. OPottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux
and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other
articles. --Knight.
Refracture \Re*frac"ture\ (r?*fr?k"t?r;135), n. (Surg.)
A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon.
Refracture \Re*frac"ture\, v. t. (Surg.)
To break again, as a bone.
Refragable \Ref"ra*ga*ble\ (r?f"r?*g?*b'l), a. [LL.
refragabilis, fr. L. refragari to oppose.]
Capable of being refuted; refutable. [R.] --
{Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness}, n. [R.] -- {Ref`*ra*ga*bil"i*ty}
(-b?l`?*t?), n. [R.]
Refragate \Ref"ra*gate\ (-g?t), v. i. [L. refragatus, p. p. of
refragor.]
To oppose. [R.] --Glanvill.
Refrain \Re*frain"\ (r?*fr?n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Refrained}
(-fr?nd"); p. pr. & vb/ n. {Refraining}.] [OE. refreinen, OF.
refrener, F. refr?ner, fr. L. refrenare; influenced by OF.
refraindre to restrain, moderate, fr. LL. refrangere, for L.
refringere to break up, break (see {Refract}). L. refrenare
is fr. pref. re- back + frenum bridle; cf. Skr. dh? to hold.]
1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed
bounds; to curb; to govern.
His reson refraineth not his foul delight or talent.
--Chaucer.
Refrain thy foot from their path. --Prov. i. 15.
2. To abstain from [Obs.]
Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no
other counsel than to refrain cold drink. --Sir T.
Browne.
Refrain \Re*frain"\, v. i.
To keep one's self from action or interference; to hold
aloof; to forbear; to abstain.
Refrain from these men, and let them alone. --Acts v.
38.
They refrained therefrom [eating flesh] some time
after. --Sir T.
Browne.
Syn: To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.
Refrain \Re*frain"\, n. [F. refrain, fr. OF. refraindre; cf. Pr.
refranhs a refrain, refranher to repeat. See
{Refract},{Refrain}, v.]
The burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the
end of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic
composition.
We hear the wild refrain. --Whittier.
Refrainer \Re*frain"er\ (r?*fr?n"?r), n.
One who refrains.
Refrainment \Re*frain"ment\ (-ment), n.
Act of refraining. [R.]
Reframe \Re*frame"\ (r?*fr?m), v. t.
To frame again or anew.
Refrangibility \Re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty\ (r?*fr?n`j?*b?l"?*t?), n.
[Cf. F. r['e]frangibilit['e].]
The quality of being refrangible.
Refrangible \Re*fran"gi*ble\ (-fr?n"j?*b'l), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]frangible. See {Refract}.]
Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course,
in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light. --
{Re*fran"gi*ble*ness}, n.
Refrenation \Ref`re*na"tion\ (r?f`r?*n?"sh?n), n. [L.
refrenatio. See {Refrain}, v. t.]
The act of refraining. [Obs.]
Refresh \Re*fresh"\ (r?*fr?sh"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Refreshed}
(-fr?sht"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Refreshing}.] [OE. refreshen,
refreschen, OF. refreschir (cf. OF. rafraischir, rafreschir,
F. rafra?chir); pref. re- re- + fres fresh. F. frais. See
{Fresh}, a.]
1. To make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit,
animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or
depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to
reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the mind.
--Chaucer.
Foer they have refreshed my spirit and yours. --1
Cor. xvi. 18.
And labor shall refresh itself with hope. --Shak.
2. To make as if new; to repair; to restore.
The rest refresh the scaly snakes that fol? The
shield of Pallas, and renew their gold. --Dryden.
{To refresh the memory}, to quicken or strengthen it, as by a
reference, review, memorandum, or suggestion.
Syn: To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate;
renovate; renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.
Refresh \Re*fresh"\, n.
The act of refreshing. [Obs.] --Daniel.
Refresher \Re*fresh"er\ (-?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, refreshes.
2. (Law) An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been
adjourned from one term to another, or that is unusually
protracted.
Ten guineas a day is the highest refresher which a
counsel can charge. --London
Truth.
Refreshful \Re*fresh"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Full of power to refresh; refreshing. -- {Re*fresh"ful*ly},
adv.
Refreshing \Re*fresh"ing\, a.
Reviving; reanimating. -- {Re*fresh"ing*ly}, adv. --
{Re*fresh"ing*ness}, n.
Refreshment \Re*fresh"ment\ (-ment), n. [CF. OF.
refreschissement, F. rafra[^i]chissement.]
1. The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed;
restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness;
relief after suffering; new life or animation after
depression.
2. That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation;
especially, an article of food or drink.
Refret \Re*fret"\ (r?*fr?t"), n. [OF. refret, L. refractus, p.
p. See {Refrain}, n., {Refract}.]
Refrain. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Refreyd \Re*freyd"\ (r?*fr?d"), v. t. [OF. refreidier.]
To chill; to cool. [Obs.]
Refreyded by sickness . . . or by cold drinks.
--Chaucer.
Refrication \Ref`ri*ca"tion\ (r?f`r?*k?"sh?n), n. [L. refricare
to rub again.]
A rubbing up afresh; a brightening. [Obs.]
A continual refrication of the memory. --Bp. Hall.
Refrigerant \Re*frig"er*ant\ (r?*fr?j"?r-ant), a. [L.
refrigerans, p. pr. of refrigerare: cf. F. r['e]frig['e]rant.
See {Refrigerate}.]
Cooling; allaying heat or fever. --Bacon.
Refrigerant \Re*frig"er*ant\, n.
That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine
or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of
fever; -- used also figuratively. --Holland. ``A refrigerant
to passion.'' --Blair.
Refrigerate \Re*frig"er*ate\ (-[=a]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Refrigerated} (-[=a]`t[e^]d); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Refrigerating}.] [L. refrigeratus, p. p. of refrigerare;
pref. re- re- + frigerare to make cool, fr. frigus, frigoris,
coolness. See {Frigid}.]
To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool.
Refrigeration \Re*frig`er*a"tion\ (-?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
r['e]frig['e]ration, L. refrigeratio.]
The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state
of being cooled.
Refrigerative \Re*frig"er*a*tive\ (r?*fr?j"?r*?*t?v), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]frig['e]ratif.]
Cooling; allaying heat. -- n. A refrigerant.
Crazed brains should come under a refrigerative
treatment. --I. Taylor.
Refrigerator \Re*frig"er*a`tor\ (-?`t?r), n.
That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool.
Specifically:
(a) A box or room for keeping food or other articles cool,
usually by means of ice.
(b) An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or
vapors, connected with a still, etc.
{Refrigerator car} (Railroad), a freight car constructed as a
refrigerator, for the transportation of fresh meats, fish,
etc., in a temperature kept cool by ice.
Refrigeratory \Re*frig"er*a*to*ry\ (-?*t?*r?), a. [L.
refrigeratorius.]
Mitigating heat; cooling.
Refrigeratory \Re*frig"er*a*to*ry\, n.; pl. {-ries} (-fr?z).
[CF. F. r['e]frig['e]ratoire.]
That which refrigerates or cools. Specifically:
(a) In distillation, a vessel filled with cold water,
surrounding the worm, the vapor in which is thereby
condensed.
(b) The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice
machine.
Refrigerium \Ref`ri*ge"ri*um\ (r?f`r?*j?"r?*?m), n. [L.]
Cooling refreshment; refrigeration. [Obs.] --South.
Refringency \Re*frin"gen*cy\ (r?*fr?n"jen*s?), n.
The power possessed by a substance to refract a ray; as,
different substances have different refringencies. --Nichol.
Refringent \Re*frin"gent\ (-jent), a. [L. refringens, p. pr. of
refringere. See {Refract}.]
Pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive;
refracting; as, a refringent prism of spar. --Nichol.
Reft \Reft\ (r?ft), imp. & p. p. of {Reave}.
Bereft.
Reft of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn. --Heber.
Reft \Reft\, n.
A chink; a rift. See {Rift}. --Rom. of R.
Refuge \Ref"uge\ (r?f"?j), n. [F. r['e]fuge, L. refugium, fr.
refugere to flee back; pref. re- + figere. SEe {Fugitive}.]
1. Shelter or protection from danger or distress.
Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these Find
place or refuge. --Milton.
We might have a strong consolation, who have fled
for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us.
--Heb. vi. 18.
2. That which shelters or protects from danger, or from
distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its
strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its
sacredness; a place inaccessible to an enemy.
The high hills are a refuger the wild goats. --Ps.
civ. 18.
The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed.
--Ps. ix. 9.
3. An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or
contrivance.
Their latest refuge Was to send him. --Shak.
Light must be supplied, among gracefulrefuges, by
terracing ??? story in danger of darkness. --Sir H.
Wotton.
{Cities of refuge} (Jewish Antiq.), certain cities appointed
as places of safe refuge for persons who had committed
homicide without design. Of these there were three on each
side of Jordan. --Josh. xx.
{House of refuge}, a charitable institution for giving
shelter and protection to the homeless, destitute, or
tempted.
Syn: Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.
Refuge \Ref"uge\ (r?f"?j), v. t.
To shelter; to protect. [Obs.]
Refugee \Ref`u*gee"\ (r?f`?*j?"), n. [F. r['e]fugi['e], fr. se
r['e]fugier to take refuge. See {Refuge}, n.]
1. One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.
2. Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political
commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety;
as, the French refugees who left France after the
revocation of the edict of Nantes.
Refulgence \Re*ful"gence\ (r?*f?l"jens), Refulgency
\Re*ful"gen*cy\ (-jen*s?), n. [L. refulgentia. See {Refulgent}.]
The quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender;
radiance.
Refulgent \Re*ful"gent\ (r?*f?l"jent), a. [L. refulgens, p. pr.
of refulgere to flash back, to shine bright; pref. re- re- +
fulgere to shine. See {Fulgent}.]
Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent;
shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams. -- {Re*ful"gent*ly},
adv.
So conspicuous and refulgent a truth. --Boyle.
Refund \Re*fund"\ (r?*f?nd"), v. t. [Pref. re- + fund.]
To fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new
fund; as, to refund a railroad loan.
Refund \Re*fund"\ (r?*f?nd"), v. t. [L. refundere; pref. re- re-
+ fundere to pour: cf. F. refondre, refonder. See {Fuse} to
melt, and cf. {Refound} to cast again, 1st {Refuse}.]
1. To pour back. [R. & Obs.]
Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color,
they would refund that color upon the object. --Ray.
2. To give back; to repay; to restore.
A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . .
sentenced to refund what he had wrongfully taken.
--L'Estrange.
3. To supply again with funds; to reimburse. [Obs.]
Refunder \Re*fund"er\ (-?r), n.
One who refunds.
Refundment \Re*fund"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of refunding; also, that which is refunded. [R.]
--Lamb.
Refurbish \Re*fur"bish\ (r?*f?r"b?sh), v. t.
To furbish anew.
Refurnish \Re*fur"nish\ (-n?sh), v. t.
To furnish again.
Reffurnishment \Ref*fur"nish*ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of refurnishing, or state of being refurnished.
The refurnishment was in a style richer than before.
--L. Wallace.
Refusable \Re*fus"a*ble\ (r?*f?z"?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. refusable.
See {Refuse}.]
Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal.
Refusal \Re*fus"al\ (-al), n.
1. The act of refusing; denial of anything demanded,
solicited, or offered for acceptance.
Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels, On my
refusal, to distress me more? --Milton.
2. The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of
taking or refusing; option; as, to give one the refusal of
a farm; to have the refusal of an employment.
Refuse \Re*fuse"\ (r?*f?z"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Refused}
(-f?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Refusing}.] [F. refuser, either
from (assumed) LL. refusare to refuse, v. freq. of L.
refundere to pour back, give back, restore (see {Refund} to
repay), or. fr. L. recusare to decline, refuse cf. {Accuse},
{Ruse}), influenced by L. refutare to drive back, repel,
refute. Cf. {Refute}.]
1. To deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to
decline to do or grant.
That never yet refused your hest. --Chaucer.
2. (Mil.) To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the
center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular aligment
when troops ar? about to engage the enemy; as, to refuse
the right wing while the left wing attacks.
3. To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or
petition of; as, to refuse a suitor.
The cunning workman never doth refuse The meanest
tool that he may chance to use. --Herbert.
4. To disown. [Obs.] ``Refuse thy name.'' --Shak.
Refuse \Re*fuse"\, v. i.
To deny compliance; not to comply.
Too proud to ask, too humble to refuse. --Garth.
If ye refuse . . . ye shall be devoured with the sword.
--Isa. i. 20.
Refuse \Re*fuse"\, n.
Refusal. [Obs.] --Fairfax.
Refuse \Ref`use\ (r?f"?s;277), n. [F. refus refusal, also, that
which is refused. See {Refuse} to deny.]
That which is refused or rejected as useless; waste or
worthless matter.
Syn: Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross.
Refuse \Ref"use\, a.
Refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; of
no value; worthless.
Everything that was vile and refuse, that they
destroyed utterly. --1. Sam. xv.
9.
Refuser \Re*fus"er\ (r?*f?z"?r), n.
One who refuses or rejects.
Refusion \Re*fu"sion\ (r?*f?"zh?n), n. [Pref. re-+ fusion.]
1. New or repeated melting, as of metals.
2. Restoration. ``This doctrine of the refusion of the
soul.'' --Bp. Warbuton.
Reful \Ref"ul\ (r?f"?t), n. [OF. refuite.]
Refuge. ``Thou haven of refut.'' [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Refutability \Re*fut`a*bil"i*ty\ (r?*f?t`?*b?l"?*t?), n.
The quality of being refutable.
Refutable \Re*fut"a*ble\ (r?*f?t"?*b'l;277), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]futable.]
Admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being
proved false or erroneous.
Refutal \Re*fut"al\ (r?*f?t"al), n.
Act of refuting; refutation.
Refutation \Ref`u*ta"tion\ (r?f`?*t?"sh?n), n. [L. refutatio:
cf. F. r['e]futation.]
The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of
being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing
of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by
argument or countervailing proof.
Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging
than a refutation. --Macaulay.
Refutatory \Re*fut"a*to*ry\ (r?*f?t"?*t?*r?), a. [L.
refutatorius: cf. F. r['e]futatoire.]
Tending tu refute; refuting.
Refute \Re*fute"\ (r?*F3t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Refuted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Refuting}.] [F. r['e]futer, L. refuteare to
repel, refute. Cf. {Confute}, {Refuse} to deny.]
To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or
countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to
confute; as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to
refute opinions or theories; to refute a disputant.
There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that
it is impossible to refute such multitudes. --Addison.
Syn: To confute; disprove. See {Confute}.
Refuter \Re*fut"er\ (-f?t"?r), n.
One who, or that which, refutes.
Regain \Re*gain"\ (r?*g?n"), v. t. [Pref. re- + gain: cf. F.
regagner.]
To gain anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped
or been lost; to reach again.
Syn: To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve.
Regal \Re"gal\ (r?"gal), a. [L. regalis, fr. rex, regis, a king.
See {Royal}, and cf. {Rajah}, {Realm}, {Regalia}.]
Of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as, regal
authority, pomp, or sway. ``The regal title.'' --Shak.
He made a scorn of his regal oath. --Milton.
Syn: Kingly; royal. See {Kingly}.
Regal \Re"gal\, n. [F. r['e]gale, It. regale. CF. {Rigoll}.]
(Mus.)
A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows
being worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries.
Regale \Re*ga"le\ (r?*g?"l?), n. [LL. regale, pl. regalia, fr.
L. regalis: cf. F. r['e]gale. See {Regal}.]
A prerogative of royalty. [R.] --Johnson.
Regale \Re*gale"\ (r?*g?l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Regaled}
(-g?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Regaling}.] [F. r['e]galer, Sp.
regalar to regale, to caress, to melt, perhaps fr. L.
regalare to thaw (cff. {Gelatin}), or cf. Sp. gala graceful,
pleasing address, choicest part of a thing (cf. {Gala}), or
most likely from OF. galer to rejoice, gale pleasure.]
To enerta?n in a regal or sumptuous manner; to enrtertain
with something that delights; to gratify; to refresh; as, to
regale the taste, the eye, or the ear.
Regale \Re*gale"\, v. i.
To feast; t? fare sumtuously.
Regale \Re*gale"\, n. [F. r['e]gal. See {Regale}, v. t.]
A sumptuous repast; a banquet. --Johnson. Cowper.
Two baked custards were produced as additions to the
regale. --E. E. Hale.
Regalement \Re*gale"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment;
entertainment.
Regaler \Re*gal"er\ (-g?l"?r), n.
One who regales.
Regalia \Re*ga"li*a\ (r?*g?"l?*?), n. pl. [LL., from L.
regalisregal. See {Regal}.]
1. That which belongs to royalty. Specifically:
(a) The rights and prerogatives of a king.
(b) Royal estates and revenues.
(c) Ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty.
2. Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or order, as
of Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc.
3. Sumptuous food; delicacies. [Obs.] --Cotton.
{Regalia of a church}, the privileges granted to it by kings;
sometimes, its patrimony. --Brande & C.
Regalia \Re*ga"li*a\, n.
A kind of cigar of large size and superior quality; also, the
size in which such cigars are classed.
Regalian \Re*ga"li*an\ (-an), a.
Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or
prerogatives. --Hallam.
Regalism \Re"gal*ism\ (r?"gal*?z'm), n.
The doctrine of royal prerogative or supremacy. [R.]
--Cardinal Manning.
Regality \Re*gal"i*ty\ (r?*g?l"?*t?), n. [LL. regalitas, from L.
regalis regal, royal. See {Regal}, and cf. {Royality}.]
1. Royalty; sovereignty; sovereign jurisdiction.
[Passion] robs reason of her due regalitie.
--Spenser.
He came partly in by the sword, and had high courage
in all points of regality. --Bacon.
2. An ensign or badge of royalty. [Obs.]
Regally \Re"gal*ly\ (r?"gal*l?), adv.
In a regal or royal manner.
Regard \Re*gard"\ (r?*g?rd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Regarded}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Regarding}.] [F. regarder; pref. re- re +
garder to guard, heed, keep. See {Guard}, and cf. {Reward}.]
1. To keep in view; to behold; to look at; to view; to gaze
upon.
Your niece regards me with an eye of favor. --Shak.
2. Hence, to look or front toward; to face. [Obs.]
It is peninsula which regardeth the mainland.
--Sandys.
That exceedingly beatiful seat, on the ass?ent of a
hill, flanked with wood and regarding the river.
--Evelyn.
3. To look closely at; to observe attentively; to pay
attention to; to notice or remark particularly.
If much you note him, You offened him; . . . feed,
and regard him not. --Shak.
4. To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold as an
popinion; to consider; as, to regard abstinence from wine
as a duty; to regard another as a friend or enemy.
5. To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling toward;
as, to regard one with favor or dislike.
His associates seem to have regarded him with
kindness. --Macaulay.
6. To pay respect to; to treat as something of peculiar
value, sanctity, or the like; to care for; to esteem.
He that regardeth thae day, regardeth it into the
LOrd. --Rom. xiv. 6.
Here's Beaufort, that regards nor God nor king.
--Shak.
7. To take into consideration; to take account of, as a fact
or condition. ``Nether regarding that she is my child, nor
fearing me as if II were her father.'' --Shak.
8. To have relation to, as bearing upon; to respect; to
relate to; to touch; as, an argument does not regard the
question; -- often used impersonally; as, I agree with you
as regards this or that.
Syn: To consider; observe; remark; heed; mind; respect;
esteem; estimate; value. See {Attend}.
Regard \Re*gard"\ (r?*g?rd"), v. i.
To look attentively; to consider; to notice. [Obs.] --Shak.
Regard \Re*gard"\, n. [F. regard See {Regard}, v. t.]
1. A look; aspect directed to another; view; gaze.
But her, with stern regard, he thus repelled.
--Milton.
2. Attention of the mind with a feeling of interest;
observation; heed; notice.
Full many a lady I have eyed with best regard.
--Shak.
3. That view of the mind which springs from perception of
value, estimable qualities, or anything that excites
admiration; respect; esteem; reverence; affection; as, to
have a high regard for a person; -- often in the plural.
He has rendered himself worthy of their most
favorable regards. --A. Smith.
Save the long-sought regards of woman, nothing is
sweeter than those marks of childish preference.
--Hawthorne.
4. State of being regarded, whether favorably or otherwise;
estimation; repute; note; account.
A man of meanest regard amongst them, neither having
wealth or power. --Spenser.
5. Consideration; thought; reflection; heed.
Sad pause and deep regard become the sage. --Shak.
6. Matter for consideration; account; condition. [Obs.]
``Reason full of good regard.'' --Shak.
7. Respect; relation; reference.
Persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue,
with regard to themselves; in justice and goodness
with regard to their neighbors; and piefy toward
God. --I. Watts.
Note: The phrase in regard of was formerly used as equivalent
in meaning to on account of, but in modern usage is
often improperly substituted for in respect to, or in
regard to. --G. P. Marsh.
Change was thought necessary in regard of the
injury the church did receive by a number of
things then in use. --Hooker.
In regard of its security, it had a great
advantage over the bandboxes. --Dickens.
8. Object of sight; scene; view; aspect. [R.]
Throw out our eyes for brave Othello, Even till we
make the main and the a["e]rial blue An indistinct
regard. --Shak.
9. (O.Eng.Law) Supervision; inspection.
{At regard of}, in consideration of; in comparison with.
[Obs.] ``Bodily penance is but short and little at regard
of the pains of hell.'' --Chaucer.
{Court of regard}, a forest court formerly held in England
every third year for the lawing, or expeditation, of dogs,
to prevent them from running after deer; -- called also
{survey of dogs}. --Blackstone.
Syn: Respect; consideration; notice; observance; heed; care;
concern; estimation; esteem; attachment; reverence.
Regardable \Re*gard"a*ble\ (-?*b'l), a.
Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded; observable. [R.]
--Sir T. Browne.
Regardant \Re*gard"ant\ (-ant), a. [F. regardant, fr. regarder.
See {Regard}, v. t.] [Written also {regardant}.]
1. Looking behind; looking backward watchfully.
[He] turns thither his regardant eye. --Southey.
2. (Her.) Looking behind or backward; as, a lion regardant.
3. (O.Eng.Law) Annexed to the land or manor; as, a villain
regardant.
Regarder \Re*gard"er\ (r?*g?rd"?r), n.
1. One who regards.
2. (Eng. Forest law) An officer appointed to supervise the
forest. --Cowell.
Regardful \Re*gard"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Heedful; attentive; observant. -- {Re*gard"ful*ly}, adv.
Let a man be very tender and regardful of every pious
motion made by the Spirit of God to his heart. --South.
Syn: Mindful; heedful; attentive; observant.
Regarding \Re*gard"ing\, prep.
Concerning; respecting.
Regardless \Re*gard"less\, a.
1. Having no regard; heedless; careless; as, regardless of
life, consequences, dignity.
Regardless of the bliss wherein he sat. --Milton.
2. Not regarded; slighted. [R.] --Spectator.
Syn: Heedless; negligent; careless; indifferent; unconcerned;
inattentive; unobservant; neglectful. --
{Re*gard"less*ly}, adv. -- {Re*gard"less*ness}, n.
Regather \Re*gath"er\ (r?*g?th"?r), v. t.
To gather again.
Regatta \Re*gat"ta\ (r?*g?t"t?), n.; pl. {Regattas} (-t?z). [It.
regatta, regata.]
Originally, a gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or
sailing race, or a series of such races.
Regel \Re"gel\ (r?"g?l), n. (Astron.)
See {Rigel}.
Regelate \Re"ge*late\ (r?"j?*l?t or r?j"?-), v. i. (Physics)
To freeze together again; to undergo regelation, as ice.
Regelation \Re`ge*la"tion\ (-l?"sh?n), n. [Pref. re- + L.
gelatio a freezing.] (Physics)
The act or process of freezing anew, or together,as two
pieces of ice.
Note: Two pieces of ice at (or even) 32? Fahrenheit, with
moist surfaces, placed in contact, freeze together to a
rigid mass. This is called regelation. --Faraday.
Regence \Re"gence\ (r?"jens), n.
Rule. [Obs.] --Hudibras.
Regency \Re"gen*cy\ (r?*jen*s?), n.; pl. {Regencies} (-s?z).
[CF. F. r['e]gence, LL. regentia. See {Regent}, a.]
1. The office of ruler; rule; authority; government.
2. Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or dominion of a
regent or vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents;
deputed or vicarious government. --Sir W. Temple.
3. A body of men intrusted with vicarious government; as, a
regency constituted during a king's minority, absence from
the kingdom, or other disability.
A council or regency consisting of twelve persons.
--Lowth.
Regeneracy \Re*gen"er*a*cy\ (r?*j?n"?r*?*s?), n. [See
{Regenerate}.]
The state of being regenerated. --Hammond.
Regenerate \Re*gen"er*ate\ (-?t), a. [L. regeneratus, p. p. of
regenerare to regenerate; pref. re- re- + generare to beget.
See {Generate}.]
1. Reproduced.
The earthly author of my blood, Whose youthful
spirit, in me regenerate, Doth with a twofold vigor
lift me up. --Shak.
2. (Theol.) Born anew; become Christian; renovated in heart;
changed from a natural to a spiritual state.
Regenerate \Re*gen"er*ate\ (r?*j?n"?r*?t), v. t.
1. To generate or produce anew; to reproduce; to give new
life, strength, or vigor to.
Through all the soil a genial fferment spreads.
Regenerates the plauts, and new adorns the meads.
--Blackmore.
2. (Theol.) To cause to be spiritually born anew; to cause to
become a Christian; to convert from sin to holiness; to
implant holy affections in the heart of.
3. Hence, to make a radical change for the better in the
character or condition of; as, to regenerate society.
Regenerateness \Re*gen"er*ate*ness\ (-?t*n?s), n.
The quality or state of being rgenerate.
Regeneration \Re*gen`er*a"tion\ (-?"sh?n), n. [L. regeneratio:
cf. F. r['e]g['e]neration.]
1. The act of regenerating, or the state of being
regenerated.
2. (Theol.) The entering into a new spiritual life; the act
of becoming, or of being made, Christian; that change by
which holy affectations and purposes are substituted for
the opposite motives in the heart.
He saved us by the washing of regeneration, and
renewing of the Holy Chost. --Tit. iii. 5.
3. (Biol.) The reproduction of a part which has been removed
or destroyed; re-formation; -- a process especially
characteristic of a many of the lower animals; as, the
regeneration of lost feelers, limbs, and claws by spiders
and crabs.
4. (Physiol.)
(a) The reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc.,
which have been used up and destroyed by the ordinary
processes of life; as, the continual regeneration of
the epithelial cells of the body, or the regeneration
of the contractile substance of muscle.
(b) The union of parts which have been severed, so that
they become anatomically perfect; as, the regeneration
of a nerve.
Regenerative \Re*gen"er*a*tive\ (r?*j?n"?r*?*t?v), a.
Of or pertaining to regeneration; tending to regenerate; as,
regenerative influences. --H. Bushnell.
{Regenerative furnace} (Metal.), a furnace having a
regenerator in which gas used for fuel, and air for
supporting combustion, are heated; a Siemens furnace.
Regeneratively \Re*gen"er*a*tive*ly\, adv.
So as to regenerate.
Regenerator \Re*gen"er*a`tor\ (-?`t?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, regenerates.
2. (Mech.) A device used in connection with hot-air engines,
gas-burning furnaces, etc., in which the incoming air or
gas is heated by being brought into contact with masses of
iron, brick, etc., which have been previously heated by
the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas.
Regeneratory \Re*gen"er*a*to*ry\ (-?*t?*r?), a.
Having power to renew; tending to reproduce; regenerating.
--G. S. Faber.
Regenesis \Re*gen"e*sis\ (-?*s?s), n.
New birth; renewal.
A continued regenesis of dissenting sects. --H.
Spenser.
Regent \Re"gent\ (r?"jent), a. [L. regens, -entis, p. pr. of
regere to rule: cf. F. r['e]gent. See {Regiment}.]
1. Ruling; governing; regnant. ``Some other active regent
principle . . . which we call the soul.'' --Sir M. Hale.
2. Exercising vicarious authority. --Milton.
{Queen regent}. See under {Queen}, n.
Regent \Re"gent\, n. [F. r['e]gent. See {Regent}, a.]
1. One who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler. --Milton.
2. Especially, one invested with vicarious authority; one who
governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or disability
of the sovereign.
3. One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer; a
superintendent; a curator; as, the regents of the
Smithsonian Institution.
4. (Eng.Univ.) A resident master of arts of less than five
years' standing, or a doctor of less than twwo. They were
formerly privileged to lecture in the schools.
{Regent bird} (Zo["o]l.), a beautiful Australian bower bird
({Sericulus melinus}). The male has the head, neck, and
large patches on the wings, bright golden yellow, and the
rest of the plumage deep velvety black; -- so called in
honor of the Prince of Wales (afterward George IV.), who
was Prince Regent in the reign of George III.
{The Regents of the University of the State of New York}, the
members of a corporate body called the University of New
York. They have a certain supervisory power over the
incorporated institution for Academic and higher education
in the State.
Regentess \Re"gent*ess\, n.
A female regent. [R.] --Cotgrave.
Regentship \Re"gent*ship\, n.
The office of a regent; regency.
Regerminate \Re*ger"mi*nate\ (r?*j?r"m?*n?t), v. i. [Pref. re- +
germinate: cf. L. regerminare.]
To germinate again.
Perennial plants regerminate several years
successively. --J. Lee.
Regermination \Re*ger`mi*na"tion\ (-n?"sh?n), n. [L.
regerminatio.]
A germinating again or anew.
Regest \Re*gest"\ (r?*j?st"), n. [L. regesta, pl.: cf. OF.
regestes, pl. See {Register}.]
A register. [Obs.] --Milton.
Reget \Re*get"\ (r?*g?t"), v. t.
To get again.
Regian \Re"gi*an\ (r?"j?-an), n. [L. regius regal.]
An upholder of kingly authority; a royalist. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Regible \Reg"i*ble\ (r?j"?*b'l), a. [L. regibilis, from regere
to rule.]
Governable; tractable. [Obs.]
Regicidal \Reg"i*ci`dal\ (r?j"?*s?`dal), a.
Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing it; having the
nature of, or resembling, regicide. --Bp. Warburton.
Regicide \Reg"i*cide\ (r?j"?*s?d), n. [F. r['e]gicide; L. rex,
regis, a king + caedere to kill. Cf. {Homicide}.]
1. One who kills or who murders a king; specifically
(Eng.Hist.), one of the judges who condemned Charles I. to
death.
2. The killing or the murder of a king.
Regild \Re*gild"\ (r?*g?ld"), v. t.
To gild anew.
R'egime \R['e]`gime"\ (r?`zh?m"), n. [F. See {Regimen}.]
1. Mode or system of rule or management; character of
government, or of the prevailing social system.
I dream . . . of the new r['e]gime which is to come.
--H. Kingsley.
2. (Hydraul.) The condition of a river with respect to the
rate of its flow, as measured by the volume of water
passing different cross sections in a given time, uniform
r['e]gime being the condition when the flow is equal and
uniform at all the cross sections.
{The ancient r['e]gime}, or {Ancien r['e]gime} [F.], the
former political and social system, as distinguished from
the modern; especially, the political and social system
existing in France before the Revolution of 1789.
Regimen \Reg"i*men\ (r?j"?*m?n), n. [L. regimen, -inis, fr.
regere to guide, to rule. See {Right}, and cf. {Regal},
{R['e]gime}, {Regiment}.]
1. Orderly government; system of order; adminisration.
--Hallam.
2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce
beneficial effects by gradual operation; esp. (Med.), a
systematic course of diet, etc., pursed with a view to
improving or preserving the health, or for the purpose of
attaining some particular effect, as a reduction of flesh;
-- sometimes used synonymously with {hygiene}.
3. (Gram.)
(a) A syntactical relation between words, as when one
depends on another and is regulated by it in respect
to case or mood; government.
(b) The word or words governed.
Regiment \Reg"i*ment\ (-ment), n. [F. r['e]giment a regiment of
men, OF. also government, L. regimentum government, fr.
regere to guide, rule. See {Regimen}.]
1. Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority; regimen.
[Obs.] --Spenser. ``Regiment of health.'' --Bacon.
But what are kings, when regiment is gone, But
perfect shadows in a sunshine day? --Marlowe.
The law of nature doth now require of necessity some
kind of regiment. --Hocker.
2. A region or district governed. [Obs.] --Spenser.
3. (Mil.) A body of men, either horse, foot, or artillery,
commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a number of
companies, usually ten.
Note: In the British army all the artillery are included in
one regiment, which (reversing the usual practice) is
divided into brigades.
{Regiment of the line} (Mil.), a regiment organized for
general service; -- in distinction from those (as the Life
Guards) whose duties are usually special. [Eng.]
Regiment \Reg"i*ment\ (-m?nt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Regimented};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Regimenting}.]
To form into a regiment or into regiments. --Washington.
Regimental \Reg`i*men"tal\ (-m?n"tal), a.
Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment; as, regimental
officers, clothing.
{Regimental school}, in the British army, a school for the
instruction of the private soldiers of a regiment, and
their children, in the rudimentary branches of education.
Regimentally \Reg`i*men"tal*ly\, adv.
In or by a regiment or regiments; as, troops classified
regimentally.
Regimentals \Reg`i*men"tals\ (-talz), n. pl. (Mil.)
The uniform worn by the officers and soldiers of a regiment;
military dress; -- formerly used in the singular in the same
sense. --Colman.
Regiminal \Re*gim"i*nal\ (r?*j?m"?*nal), a.
Of or relating to regimen; as, regiminal rules.
Region \Re"gion\ (r?"j?n), n. [F. r['e]gion, from L. regio a
direction, a boundary line, region, fr. regere to guide,
direct. See {Regimen}.]
1. One of the grand districts or quarters into which any
space or surface, as of the earth or the heavens, is
conceived of as divided; hence, in general, a portion of
space or territory of indefinite extent; country;
province; district; tract.
If thence he 'scappe, into whatever world, Or
unknown region. --Milton.
2. Tract, part, or space, lying about and including anything;
neighborhood; vicinity; sphere. ``Though the fork invade
the region of my heart.'' --Shak.
Philip, tetrarch of .. the region of Trachonitis.
--Luke iii. 1.
3. The upper air; the sky; the heavens. [Obs.]
Anon the dreadful thunder Doth rend the region.
--Shak.
4. The inhabitants of a district. --Matt. iii. 5.
5. Place; rank; station. [Obs. or R.]
He is of too high a region. --Shak.
Regional \Re"gion*al\ (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional.
Regious \Re"gi*ous\ (-j?*?s), a. [L. regius royal, fr. rex,
regis, king.]
Regal; royal. [Obs.] --Harrington.
Register \Reg"is*ter\ (r[e^]j"[i^]s*t[~e]r), n. [OE. registre,
F. registre, LL. registrum,regestum, L. regesta, pl., fr.
regerere, regestum, to carry back, to register; pref. re- re-
+ gerere to carry. See {Jest}, and cf. {Regest}.]
1. A written account or entry; an official or formal
enumeration, description, or record; a memorial record; a
list or roll; a schedule.
As you have one eye upon my follies, . . . turn
another into the register of your own. --Shak.
2. (Com.)
(a) A record containing a list and description of the
merchant vessels belonging to a port or customs
district.
(b) A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a
port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing
the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and
other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel,
to be used as an evidence of nationality or as a
muniment of title.
3. [Cf. LL. registrarius. Cf. {Regisrar}.] One who registers
or records; a registrar; a recorder; especially, a public
officer charged with the duty of recording certain
transactions or events; as, a register of deeds.
4. That which registers or records. Specifically:
(a) (Mech.) A contrivance for automatically noting the
performance of a machine or the rapidity of a process.
(b) (Teleg.) The part of a telegraphic apparatus which
records automatically the message received.
(c) A machine for registering automatically the number of
persons passing through a gateway, fares taken, etc.;
a telltale.
5. A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace, stove,
etc., for regulating the admission of air to the fuel;
also, an arrangement containing dampers or shutters, as in
the floor or wall of a room or passage, or in a chimney,
for admitting or excluding heated air, or for regulating
ventilation.
6. (Print.)
(a) The inner part of the mold in which types are cast.
(b) The correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the
opposite or reverse sides of the sheet.
(c) The correspondence or adjustment of the several
impressions in a design which is printed in parts, as
in chromolithographic printing, or in the manufacture
of paper hangings. See {Register}, v. i. 2.
7. (Mus.)
(a) The compass of a voice or instrument; a specified
portion of the compass of a voice, or a series of
vocal tones of a given compass; as, the upper, middle,
or lower register; the soprano register; the tenor
register.
Note: In respect to the vocal tones, the thick register
properly extends below from the F on the lower space of
the treble staff. The thin register extends an octave
above this. The small register is above the thin. The
voice in the thick register is called the chest voice;
in the thin, the head voice. Falsetto is a kind off
voice, of a thin, shrull quality, made by using the
mechanism of the upper thin register for tones below
the proper limit on the scale. --E. Behnke.
(b) A stop or set of pipes in an organ.
{Parish register}, A book in which are recorded the births,
baptisms, marriages, deaths, and burials in a parish.
Syn: List; catalogue; roll; record; archives; chronicle;
annals. See {List}.
Register \Reg"is*ter\ (r[e^]j"[i^]s*t[~e]r), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Registered} (-t[~e]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Registering}.] [Cf.
F. regisrer, exregistrer, LL. registrare. See {Register}, n.]
1. To enter in a register; to record formally and distinctly,
as for future use or service.
2. To enroll; to enter in a list.
Such follow him as shall be registered. --Milton.
{Registered letter}, a letter, the address of which is, on
payment of a special fee, registered in the post office
and the transmission and delivery of which are attended to
with particular care.
Register \Reg"is*ter\, v. i.
1. To enroll one's name in a register.
2. (Print.) To correspond in relative position; as, two
pages, columns, etc., register when the corresponding
parts fall in the same line, or when line falls exactly
upon line in reverse pages, or (as in chromatic printing)
where the various colors of the design are printed
consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is
necessary.
Registering \Reg"is*ter*ing\, a.
Recording; -- applied to instruments; having an apparatus
which registers; as, a registering thermometer. See
{Recording}.
Registership \Reg"is*ter*ship\, n.
The office of a register.
Registrant \Reg"is*trant\ (-trant), n. [L. registrans, p. pr.]
One who registers; esp., one who, by virtue of securing an
official registration, obtains a certain right or title of
possession, as to a trade-mark.
Registrar \Reg"is*trar\ (-tr?r), n. [LL. registrarius, or F.
r['e]gistraire. See {Register}.]
One who registers; a recorder; a keeper of records; as, a
registrar of births, deaths, and marriages. See {Register},
n., 3.
Registrarship \Reg"is*trar*ship\, n.
The office of a registrar.
Registrary \Reg"is*tra*ry\ (- tr?*r?), n.
A registrar. [Obs.]
Registrate \Reg"is*trate\ (-tr?t), v. t.
To register. [R.]
Registration \Reg`is*tra"tion\ (-tr?"sh?n), n. [LL. registratio,
or F. r['e]gistration. See {Register}, v.]
1. The act of registering; registry; enrollment.
2. (Mus.) The art of selecting and combining the stops or
registers of an organ.
Registry \Reg"is*try\ (r?j"?s*tr?), n.
1. The act of recording or writing in a register; enrollment;
registration.
2. The place where a register is kept.
3. A record; an account; a register. --Sir W. Temple.
Regius \Re"gi*us\ (r?l"?*?s), a. [L. regius, from rex, regis, a
king.]
Of or pertaining to a king; royal.
{Regius professor}, an incumbent of a professorship founded
by royal bounty, as in an English university.
Regive \Re*give"\ (r?*g?v"), v. t.
To give again; to give back.
Regle \Re"gle\ (r?g"'l), v. t. [See {Reglement}.]
To rule; to govern. [Obs.] ``To regle their lives.''
--Fuller.
Reglement \Re"gle*ment\ (r?g"'l*ment), n. [F. r['e]glement, fr.
r['e]gler, L. regulare. See {Regulate}.]
Regulation. [Obs.]
The reformation and reglement of usury. --Bacon.
Reglementary \Reg`le*men"ta*ry\ (-l?*m?n"t?*r?), a. [F.
r['e]glementaire, fr. r['e]glement.]
Regulative. [R.]
Reglet \Reg"let\ (r?g"l?t), n. [F. r['e]glet, dim. of r[`e]gle a
rule, L. regula. See {Rule}.]
1. (Arch.) A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to separate
the parts or members of compartments or panels from one
another, or doubled, turned, and interlaced so as to form
knots, frets, or other ornaments. See {Illust}. (12) of
{Column}.
2. (Print.)A strip of wood or metal of the height of a
quadrat, used for regulating the space between pages in a
chase, and also for spacing out title-pages and other open
matter. It is graded to different sizes, and designated by
the name of the type that it matches; as, nonpareil
reglet, pica reglet, and the like.
Regma \Reg"ma\ (r?g"m?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ????, -???, fracture,
fr. ?????? to break.] (Bot.)
A kind of dry fruit, consisting of three or more cells, each
which at length breaks open at the inner angle.
Regmacarp \Reg"ma*carp\ (-k?rp), n. [Regma + Gr. ??? fruit.]
(Bot.)
Any dry dehiscent fruit.
Regnal \Reg"nal\ (r?g"nal), a. [L. regnum reign.]
Of or pertaining to the reign of a monarch; as, regnal years.
Regnancy \Reg"nan*cy\ (-nan*s?), n.
The condition or quality of being regnant; sovereignty; rule.
--Coleridge.
Regnant \Reg"nant\ (-nant), a. [L. regnans, -antis, p. pr. of
regnare to reign: cf. F r['e]gnant. See {Reign}.]
1. Exercising regal authority; reigning; as, a queen regnant.
2. Having the chief power; ruling; predominant; prevalent.
``A traitor to the vices regnant.'' --Swift.
Regnative \Reg"na*tive\ (-n?*t?v), a.
Ruling; governing. [Obs.]
Regne \Regne\ (r?n), n. & v.
See {Reign}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Regorge \Re*gorge"\ (r?*g?rj"), v. t. [F. regorder; re- + gorger
to gorge. Cf. {Regurgitate}.]
1. To vomit up; to eject from the stomach; to throw back.
--Hayward.
2. To swallow again; to swallow back.
Tides at highest mark regorge the flood. --Dryden.
Regrade \Re*grade"\ (r?*gr?d"), v. i. [L. re- re- + gradi to go.
Cf. {Regrede}. ]
To retire; to go back. [Obs.] --W. Hales.
Regraft \Re*graft"\ (r?*gr?ft"), v. t.
To graft again.
Regrant \Re*grant"\ (r?*gr?nt"), v. t.
To grant back; to grant again or anew. --Ayliffe.
Regrant \Re*grant"\, n.
1. The act of granting back to a former proprietor.
2. A renewed of a grant; as, the regrant of a monopoly.
Regrate \Re*grate"\ (r?*gr?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Regrated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Regrating}.] [F. regratter, literally, to
scrape again. See {Re}-, and {Grate}, v. t.]
1. (Masonry) To remove the outer surface of, as of an old
hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh appearance.
2. To offend; to shock. [Obs.] --Derham.
Regrate \Re*grate"\, v. t. [F. regratter to regrate provisions;
of uncertain origin.] (Eng.Law)
To buy in large quantities, as corn, provisions, etc., at a
market or fair, with the intention of selling the same again,
in or near the same place, at a higher price, -- a practice
which was formerly treated as a public offense.
Regrater \Re*grat"er\ (-?r), n. [F. regrattier.]
One who regrates.
Regratery \Re*grat"er*y\, n.
The act or practice of regrating.
Regratiatory \Re*gra"ti*a*to*ry\ (r?*gr?"sh?*?*t?*r?), n.
A returning or giving of thanks. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Regrator \Re*grat"or\ (r?*gr?t"?r), n.
One guilty of regrating.
Regrede \Re*grede"\ (r?*gr?d"), v. i. [L. regredi to go back.
Cf. {Regrade}, {Regress}.]
To go back; to retrograde, as the apsis of a planet's orbit.
[R.] --Todhunter.
Regredience \Re*gre"di*ence\ (r?*gr?"d?-ens), n.
A going back; a retrogression; a return. [R.] --Herrick.
Regreet \Re*greet"\ (r?*gr?t"), v. t.
To greet again; to resalute; to return a salutation to; to
greet. --Shak.
Regreet \Re*greet"\, n.
A return or exchange of salutation.
Regress \Re"gress\ (r?"gr?s), n. [L. regressus, fr. regredi,
regressus. See {Regrede}.]
1. The act of passing back; passage back; return;
retrogression. ``The progress or regress of man''. --F.
Harrison.
2. The power or liberty of passing back. --Shak.
Regress \Re*gress"\ (r?*gr?s"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Regressed}
(-gr?st"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Regressing}.]
To go back; to return to a former place or state. --Sir T.
Browne.
Regression \Re*gres"sion\ (r?*gr?sh"?n), n. [L. regressio: cf.
F. r['e]gression.]
The act of passing back or returning; retrogression;
retrogradation. --Sir T. Browne.
{Edge of regression} (of a surface) (Geom.), the line along
which a surface turns back upon itself; -- called also a
{cuspidal edge}.
{Regression point} (Geom.), a cusp.
Regressive \Re*gress"ive\ (r?*gr?s"?v), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]gressif.]
1. Passing back; returning.
2. Characterized by retrogression; retrogressive.
{Regressive metamorphism}.
(a) (Biol.) See {Retrogression}.
(b) (Physiol.) See {Katabolism}.
Regressively \Re*gress"ive*ly\, adv.
In a regressive manner.
Regret \Re*gret"\ (r?*gr?t"), n. [F., fr. regretter. See
{Regret}, v.]
1. Pain of mind on account of something done or experienced
in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a
looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing; grief;
sorrow; especially, a mourning on account of the loss of
some joy, advantage, or satisfaction. ``A passionate
regret at sin.'' --Dr. H. More.
What man does not remember with regret the first
time he read Robinson Crusoe? --Macaulay.
Never any prince expressed a more lively regret for
the loss of a servant. --Clarendon.
From its peaceful bosom [the grave] spring none but
fond regrets and tender recollections. --W. Irving.
2. Dislike; aversion. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Syn: Grief; concern; sorrow; lamentation; repentance;
penitence; self-condemnation.
Usage: {Regret}, {Remorse}, {Compunction}, {Contrition},
{Repentance}. Regret does not carry with it the energy
of remorse, the sting of compunction, the sacredness
of contrition, or the practical character of
repentance. We even apply the term regret to
circumstance over which we have had no control, as the
absence of friends or their loss. When connected with
ourselves, it relates rather to unwise acts than to
wrong or sinful ones. --C. J. Smith.
Regret \Re*gret"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Regretted} (-t[e^]d); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Regretting}.] [F. regretter, OF. regreter; L.
pref. re- re- + a word of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth.
gr[=e]tan to weep, Icel. gr[=a]ta. See {Greet} to lament.]
To experience regret on account of; to lose or miss with a
sense of regret; to feel sorrow or dissatisfaction on account
of (the happening or the loss of something); as, to regret an
error; to regret lost opportunities or friends.
Calmly he looked on either life, and here Saw nothing
to regret, or there to fear. --Pope.
In a few hours they [the Israelites] began to regret
their slavery, and to murmur against their leader.
--Macaulay.
Recruits who regretted the plow from which they had
been violently taken. --Macaulay.
Regretful \Re*gret"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Full of regret; indulging in regrets; repining. --
{Re*gret"ful*ly}, adv.
Regrow \Re*grow"\ (r?*gr?"), v. i. & t.
To grow again.
The snail had power to regrow them all [horns, tongue,
etc.] --A. B.
Buckley.
Regrowth \Re*growth"\ (r?*gr?th"), n.
The act of regrowing; a second or new growth. --Darwin.
The regrowth of limbs which had been cut off. --A. B.
Buckley.
Reguardant \Re*guard"ant\ (r?*g?rd"ant), a. (Her.)
Same as {Regardant}.
Reguerdon \Re*guer"don\ (r?*g?r"d?n), v. t. [Pref. re- re- +
guerdon: cf. OF. reguerdonner.]
To reward. [Obs.] --Shak.
Regulable \Reg"u*la*ble\ (r?g"?*l?*b'l), a.
Capable of being regulated. [R.]
Regular \Reg"u*lar\ (-l?r), a. [L. regularis, fr. regula a rule,
fr. regere to guide, to rule: cf. F. r['e]gulier. See
{Rule}.]
1. Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established rule,
law, principle, or type, or to established customary
forms; normal; symmetrical; as, a regular verse in poetry;
a regular piece of music; a regular verb; regular practice
of law or medicine; a regular building.
2. Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in course,
practice, or occurence; not subject to unexplained or
irrational variation; returning at stated intervals;
steadily pursued; orderlly; methodical; as, the regular
succession of day and night; regular habits.
3. Constituted, selected, or conducted in conformity with
established usages, rules, or discipline; duly authorized;
permanently organized; as, a regular meeting; a regular
physican; a regular nomination; regular troops.
4. Belonging to a monastic order or community; as, regular
clergy, in distinction dfrom the secular clergy.
5. Thorough; complete; unmitigated; as, a regular humbug.
[Colloq.]
6. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.) Having all the parts of the same kind
alike in size and shape; as, a regular flower; a regular
sea urchin.
7. (Crystallog.) Same as {Isometric}.
{Regular polygon} (Geom.), a plane polygon which is both
equilateral and equiangular.
{Regular polyhedron} (Geom.), a polyhedron whose faces are
equal regular polygons. There are five regular
polyhedrons, -- the tetrahedron, the hexahedron, or cube,
the octahedron, the dodecahedron, and the icosahedron.
{Regular sales} (Stock Exchange), sales of stock deliverable
on the day after the transaction.
{Regular troops}, troops of a standing or permanent army; --
opposed to militia.
Syn: Normal; orderly; methodical. See {Normal}.
Regular \Reg"u*lar\ (r[e^]g"[-u]*l[~e]r), n. [LL. regularis: cf.
F. r['e]gulier. See {Regular}, a.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) A member of any religious order or community
who has taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and
obedience, and who has been solemnly recognized by the
church. --Bp. Fitzpatrick.
2. (Mil.) A soldier belonging to a permanent or standing
army; -- chiefly used in the plural.
Regularia \Reg`u*la"ri*a\ (r[e^]g`[-u]*l[=a]"r[i^]*[.a]), n.pl.
[NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Echini which includes the circular, or regular,
sea urchins.
Regularity \Reg`u*lar"i*ty\ (-l?r"?*t?), n. [Cf. F.
r['e]gularit['e].]
The condition or quality of being regular; as, regularity of
outline; the regularity of motion.
Regularize \Reg"u*lar*ize\ (r[e^]g"[-u]*l[~e]r*[imac]z), v. t.
To cause to become regular; to regulate. [R.]
Regularly \Reg"u*lar*ly\, adv.
In a regular manner; in uniform order; methodically; in due
order or time.
Regularness \Reg"u*lar*ness\, n.
Regularity. --Boyle.
Regulate \Reg"u*late\ (-l[=a]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Regulated}
(-l[=a]`t[e^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Regulating}.] [L.
regulatus, p. p. of regulare, fr. regula. See {Regular}.]
1. To adjust by rule, method, or established mode; to direct
by rule or restriction; to subject to governing principles
or laws.
The laws which regulate the successions of the
seasons. --Macaulay.
The herdsmen near the frontier adjudicated their own
disputes, and regulated their own police.
--Bancroft.
2. To put in good order; as, to regulate the disordered state
of a nation or its finances.
3. To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a desired rate,
degree, or condition; as, to regulate the temperature of a
room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a machine, etc.
{To regulate a watch} or {clock}, to adjust its rate of
running so that it will keep approximately standard time.
Syn: To adjust; dispose; methodize; arrange; direct; order;
rule; govern.
Regulation \Reg`u*la"tion\ (-l?"sh?n), n.
1. The act of regulating, or the state of being regulated.
The temper and regulation of our own minds.
--Macaulay.
2. A rule or order prescribed for management or government;
prescription; a regulating principle; a governing
direction; precept; law; as, the regulations of a society
or a school.
{Regulation sword}, {cap}, {uniform}, etc. (Mil.), a sword,
cap, uniform, etc., of the kind or quality prescribed by
the official regulations.
Syn: {Law}; rule; method; principle; order; precept. See
{Law}.
Regulative \Reg"u*la*tive\ (r?g"?*l?*t?v), a.
1. Tending to regulate; regulating. --Whewell.
2. (Metaph.) Necessarily assumed by the mind as fundamental
to all other knowledge; furnishing fundamental principles;
as, the regulative principles, or principles a priori; the
regulative faculty. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Note: These terms are borrowed from Kant, and suggest the
thought, allowed by Kant, that possibly these
principles are only true for the human mind, the
operations and belief of which they regulate.
Regulator \Reg"u*la`tor\ (-l?`t?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, regulates.
2. (Mach.) A contrivance for regulating and controlling
motion, as:
(a) The lever or index in a watch, which controls the
effective length of the hairspring, and thus regulates
the vibrations of the balance.
(b) The governor of a steam engine.
(c) A valve for controlling the admission of steam to the
steam chest, in a locomotive.
3. A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct
time. See {Astronomical clock}
(a), under {Clock}.
4. A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the
lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent
crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the
comission of violent crimes. [U.S.]
A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the
Regulators. --Bancroft.
Reguline \Reg"u*line\ (r?g"?*l?n), a. [Cf. F. r['e]gulin. See
{Regulus}.] (Chem. & Metal.)
Of or pertaining to regulus.
Regulize \Reg"u*lize\ (-l?z), v. t. (Old Chem.)
To reduce to regulus; to separate, as a metal from extraneous
matter; as, to regulize antimony. [Archaic]
Regulus \Reg"u*lus\ (-l?s), n.; pl. E. {Reguluses} (-?z), L.
{Reguli} (-l?). [L., a petty king, prince, dim. of rex,
regis, a king: cf. F. r['e]gule. See {Regal}.]
1. A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence.
2. (Chem. & Metal.) The button, globule, or mass of metal, in
a more or less impure state, which forms in the bottom of
the crucible in smelting and reduction of ores.
Note: The name was introduced by the alchemists, and applied
by them in the first instance to antimony. It signifies
little king; and from the facility with which antimony
alloyed with gold, these empirical philosophers had
great hopes that this metal, antimony, would lead them
to the discovery of the philosopher's stone. --Ure.
3. (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude in the
constellation Leo; -- called also the {Lion's Heart}.
Regurgitate \Re*gur"gi*tate\ (r?*g?r"j?*t?t), v. t. [LL.
regurgitare, regurgitatum; L. pref. re- re- + gurges, -itis,
a gulf. Cf. {Regorge}.]
To throw or pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to
pour or throw back in great quantity.
Regurgitate \Re*gur"gi*tate\, v. i.
To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back.
The food may regurgitatem the stomach into the
esophagus and mouth. --Quain.
Regurgitation \Re*gur`gi*ta"tion\ (-t?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
r['e]gurgitation.]
1. The act of flowing or pouring back by the orifice of
entrance; specifically (Med.), the reversal of the natural
direction in which the current or contents flow through a
tube or cavity of the body. --Quain.
2. The act of swallowing again; reabsorption.
Rehabilitate \Re`ha*bil"i*tate\ (r?`h?*b?l"?*t?t), v. t. [imp. &
p. p. {Rehabilitated} (-t?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rehabilitating}.] [Pref. re- re- + habilitate: cf. LL.
rehabilitare, F. r['e]habiliter.]
To invest or clothe again with some right, authority, or
dignity; to restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to
qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent, to a former
right, rank, or privilege lost or forfeited; -- a term of
civil and canon law.
Restoring and rehabilitating the party. --Burke.
Rehabilitation \Re`ha*bil`i*ta"tion\ (-t?"sh?n), n. [Cf. LL.
rehabilitatio, F. R['e]habilitation.]
The act of rehabilitating, or the state of being
rehabilitated. --Bouvier. Walsh.
Rehash \Re*hash"\ (r?*h?sh"), v. t.
To hash over again; to prepare or use again; as, to rehash
old arguments.
Rehash \Re*hash"\, n.
Something hashed over, or made up from old materials.
Rehear \Re*hear"\ (r?*h?r"), v. t.
To hear again; to try a second time; as, to rehear a cause in
Chancery.
Rehearsal \Re*hears"al\ (r?*h?rs"a), n.
The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; repetition;
specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of
practice, in preparation for a public exhibition or exercise.
--Chaucer.
In rehearsal of our Lord's Prayer. --Hooker.
Here's marvelous convenient place for our rehearsal.
--Shak.
{Dress rehearsal} (Theater), a private preparatory
performance of a drama, opera, etc., in costume.
Rehearse \Re*hearse"\ (r?*h?rs"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Rehearsed} (-h?rst"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Rehearsing}.] [OE.
rehercen, rehersen, OF. reherser, rehercier, to harrow over
again; pref. re- re- + hercier to harrow, fr. herce a harrow,
F. herse. See {Hearse}.]
1. To repeat, as what has been already said; to tell over
again; to recite. --Chaucer.
When the words were heard which David spake, they
rehearsed them before Saul. --1 Sam. xvii.
31.
2. To narrate; to relate; to tell.
Rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord. --Judg. .
v. 11.
3. To recite or repeat in private for experiment and
improvement, before a public representation; as, to
rehearse a tragedy.
4. To cause to rehearse; to instruct by rehearsal. [R.]
He has been rehearsed by Madame Defarge as to his
having seen her. --Dickens.
Syn: To recite; recapitulate; recount; detail; describe;
tell; relate; narrate.
Rehearse \Re*hearse"\, v. i.
To recite or repeat something for practice. ``There will we
rehearse.'' --Shak.
Rehearser \Re*hears"er\ (-?r), n.
One who rehearses.
Reheat \Re*heat"\ (r?*h?t"), v. t.
1. To heat again.
2. To revive; to cheer; to cherish. [Obs.] --Rom. of R.
Rehibition \Re`hi*bi"tion\ (r?`h?*b?sh"?n), n. [Pref. re- + L.
habere to have.] (Law)
The returning of a thing purchased to the seller, on the
ground of defect or frand.
Rehibitory \Re*hib"i*to*ry\ (r?*h?b"?*t?*r?), a. (Law)
Of or relating to rehibition; as, a rehibitory action.
Rehire \Re*hire"\ (r?*h?r"), v. t.
To hire again.
Rehypothecate \Re`hy*poth"e*cate\ (r?`h?*p?th"?*k?t), v. t.
(Law)
To hypothecate again. -- {Re`hy*poth`e*ca"tion}, n.
Rei \Rei\ (r?), n.;pl. {Reis} (r?"?s or r?z). [Pg. real, pl.
reis. See {Real} a coin.]
A portuguese money of account, in value about one tenth of a
cent. [Spelt also {ree}.]
Reichsrath \Reichs"rath`\ (r?ks"r?t), n. [G]
The parliament of Austria (exclusive of Hungary, which has
its own diet, or parliament). It consists of an Upper and a
Lower House, or a House of Lords and a House of
Representatives.
Reichsstand \Reichs"stand`\ (r?ks"st?t`), n. [G.]
A free city of the former German empire.
Reichstag \Reichs"tag`\ (r?ks"t?g`), n. [G.]
The Diet, or House of Representatives, of the German empire,
which is composed of members elected for a term of three
years by the direct vote of the people. See {Bundesrath}.
Reif \Reif\ (r?f), n. [AS. re?f.]
Robbery; spoil. [Obs.]
Reigle \Rei"gle\ (r?"g'l), n. [F. r[`e]gle a rule, fr. L.
regula. See {Rule}.]
A hollow cut or channel for quiding anything; as, the reigle
of a side post for a flood gate. --Carew.
Reigle \Rei"gle\, v. t.
To regulate; to govern. [Obs.]
Reiglement \Rei"gle*ment\ (-ment), n. [See {Reglement}.]
Rule; regulation. [Obs.] --Bacon. Jer. Taylor.
Reign \Reign\ (r[=a]n), n. [OE. regne, OF. reigne, regne, F.
r[`e]gne, fr. L. regnum, fr. rex, regis, a king, fr. regere
to guide, rule. See {Regal}, {Regimen}.]
1. Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty; rule;
dominion.
He who like a father held his reign. --Pope.
Saturn's sons received the threefold reign Of
heaven, of ocean, and deep hell beneath. --Prior.
2. The territory or sphere which is reigned over; kingdom;
empire; realm; dominion. [Obs.] --Spenser.
[God] him bereft the regne that he had. --Chaucer.
3. The time during which a king, queen, or emperor possesses
the supreme authority; as, it happened in the reign of
Elizabeth.
Reign \Reign\ (r?n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Reigned} (r?nd); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Reigning}.] [OE. regnen, reinen, OF. regner, F.
r['e]gner, fr. L. regnare, fr. regnum. See {Reign}, n.]
1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to
exercise government, as a king or emperor;; to hold
supreme power; to rule. --Chaucer.
We will not have this man to reign over us. --Luke
xix. 14.
Shall Banquo's issue ever Reign in this kingdom?
--Shak.
2. Hence, to be predominant; to prevail. ``Pestilent diseases
which commonly reign in summer.'' --Bacon.
3. To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to rule.
Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body.
--Rom. vi. 12.
Syn: To rule; govern; direct; control; prevail.
Reigner \Reign"er\ (r?n"?r), n.
One who reigns. [R.]
Reillume \Re`il*lume"\ (r?`?l*l?m"), v. t.
To light again; to cause to shine anew; to relume; to
reillumine. ``Thou must reillume its spark.'' --J. R. Drake.
Reilluminate \Re`il*lu"mi*nate\ (-l?"m?*n?t), v. t.
To enlighten again; to reillumine.
Reillumination \Re`il*lu`mi*na"tion\ (-n?"sh?n), n.
The act or process of enlightening again.
Reillumine \Re`il*lu"mine\ (-l?"m?n), v. t.
To illumine again or anew; to reillume.
Reim \Reim\ (r?m), n. [D. riem, akin to G riemen; CF. Gr. ???? a
towing line.]
A strip of oxhide, deprived of hair, and rendered pliable, --
used for twisting into ropes, etc. [South Africa] --Simmonds.
Reimbark \Re`im*bark"\ (r?`?m*b?rk"), v. t. & i.
See {Re["e]mbark}.
Reimbody \Re`im*bod"y\ (-b?d"?), v. t. & i. [See {Re["e]mbody}.]
To imbody again. --Boyle.
Reimbursable \Re`im*burs"a*ble\ (r?`?m*b?rs"?*b'l), a. [CF. F.
remboursable.]
Capable of being repaid; repayable.
A loan has been made of two millions of dollars,
reimbursable in ten years. --A. Hamilton.
Reimburse \Re`im*burse"\ (-b?rs"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Reimbursed} (-b?rst"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reimbursing}.]
[Pref. re- + imburse: cf. F. rembourser.]
1. To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for
what has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay
back; to restore; as, to reimburse the expenses of a war.
2. To make restoration or payment of an equivalent to (a
person); to pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive;
as, to reimburse one's self by successful speculation.
--Paley.
Reimbursement \Re`im*burse"ment\ (-b?rs"ment), n. [Cf. F.
rembursement.]
The act reimbursing. --A. Hamilton.
Reimburser \Re`im*burs"er\ (-b?rs"?r), n.
One who reimburses.
Reimplant \Re`im*plant"\ (-pl?nt"), v. t.
To implant again.
Reimport \Re`im*port"\ (-p?rt"), v. t. [Pref. re- + import: cf.
F. remporter.]
To import again; to import what has been exported; to bring
back. --Young.
Reimportation \Re*im`por*ta"tion\ (r?*?m`p?r*t?"sh?n), n.
The act of reimporting; also, that which is reimported.
Reimportune \Re*im`por*tune"\ (-p?r*t?n"), v. t.
To importune again.
Reimpose \Re`im*pose"\ (r?`?m*p?z), v. t.
To impose anew.
Reimpregnate \Re`im*preg"nate\ (-pr?g"n?t), v. t.
To impregnate again or anew. --Sir T. Browne.
Reimpress \Re`im*press"\ (-pr?s"), v. t.
To impress anew.
Reimpression \Re`im*pres"sion\ (-pr?sh"?n), n.
A second or repeated impression; a reprint.
Reimprint \Re`im*print"\ (-pr?nt"), v. t.
To imprint again.
Reimprison \Re`im*pris"on\ (-pr?z'n), v. t.
To imprison again.
Reimprisonment \Re`im*pris"on*ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of reimprisoning, or the state of being reimprisoned.
Rein \Rein\ (r?n), n. [F. r[^e]ne, fr. (assumed) LL. retina, fr.
L. retinere to hold back. See {Retain}.]
1. The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or snaffle on
each side, by which the rider or driver governs the horse.
This knight laid hold upon his reyne. --Chaucer.
2. Hence, an instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or
governing; government; restraint. ``Let their eyes rove
without rein.'' --Milton.
{To give rein}, {To give the rein to}, to give license to; to
leave withouut restrain.
{To take the reins}, to take the guidance or government; to
assume control.
Rein \Rein\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reined} (r?nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. {Reining}.]
1. To govern or direct with the reins; as, to rein a horse
one way or another.
He mounts and reins his horse. --Chapman.
2. To restrain; to control; to check.
Being once chafed, he can not Be reined again to
temperance. --Shak.
{To rein in} or {rein up}, to check the speed of, or cause to
stop, by drawing the reins.
Rein \Rein\, v. i.
To be guided by reins. [R.] --Shak.
Reinaugurate \Re`in*au"gu*rate\, v. t.
To inaugurate anew.
Reincit \Re"in*cit"\ (-s?t"), v. t.
To incite again.
Reincorporate \Re`in*cor"po*rate\, v. t.
To incorporate again.
Reincrease \Re`in*crease"\ (-kr?s"), v. t.
To increase again.
Reincur \Re`in*cur"\ (-k?r"), v. t.
To incur again.
Reindeer \Rein"deer`\ (r?n"d?r), n. [Icel. hreinn reindeer + E.
deer. Icel. hreinn is of Lapp or Finnish origin; cf. Lappish
reino pasturage.] [Formerly written also {raindeer}, and
{ranedeer}.] (Zool.)
Any ruminant of the genus {Rangifer}, of the Deer family,
found in the colder parts of both the Eastern and Western
hemispheres, and having long irregularly branched antlers,
with the brow tines palmate.
Note: The common European species ({R. tarandus}) is
domesticated in Lapland. The woodland reindeer or
caribou ({R. caribou}) is found in Canada and Maine
(see {Caribou}.) The Barren Ground reindeer or caribou
({R. Gr[oe]nlandicus}), of smaller size, is found on
the shores of the Arctic Ocean, in both hemispheries.
{Reindeer moss} (Bot.), a gray branching lichen ({Cladonia
rangiferina}) which forms extensive patches on the ground
in arctic and even in north temperature regions. It is the
principal food of the Lapland reindeer in winter.
{Reindeer period} (Geol.), a name sometimes given to a part
of the Paleolithic era when the reindeer was common over
Central Europe.
Reinduce \Re`in*duce"\ (r?`?n*d?s"), v. t.
To induce again.
Reinette \Rei*nette"\ (r?*n?t"), n. [F. See 1st {Rennet}.]
(Bot.)
A name given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of
French origin.
Reinfect \Re`in*fect"\ (r?`?n*f?kt), v. t. [Pref. re- + infect:
cf. F. r['e]infecter.]
To infect again.
Reinfectious \Re`in*fec"tious\ (-f?k"sh?s), a.
Capable of reinfecting.
Reinforce \Re`in*force"\ (-f?rs"), v. t.
See {Re["e]nforce}, v. t.
Reinforce \Re`in*force"\, n.
See {Re["e]nforce}, n.
Reinforcement \Re`in*force"ment\ (-ment), n.
See {Re["e]nforcement}.
Reinfund \Re`in*fund"\ (-f?nd"), v. i. [Pref. re- + L. infundere
to pour in.]
To flow in anew. [Obs.] --Swift.
Reingratiate \Re`in*gra"ti*ate\ (-gr?"sh?*?t), v. t.
To ingratiate again or anew. --Sir. T. Herbert.
Reinhabit \Re`in*hab"it\ (-h?b"?t), v. t.
To inhabit again. --Mede.
Reinless \Rein"less\ (r?n"l?s), a.
Not having, or not governed by, reins; hence, not checked or
restrained.
Reins \Reins\ (r[=a]nz), n. pl. [F. rein, pl. reins, fr. L. ren,
pl. renes.]
1. The kidneys; also, the region of the kidneys; the loins.
2. The inward impulses; the affections and passions; -- so
called because formerly supposed to have their seat in the
part of the body where the kidneys are.
My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.
--Prov. xxiii.
16.
I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts. --Rev.
ii. 23.
{Reins of a vault} (Arch.), the parts between the crown and
the spring or abutment, including, and having especial
reference to, the loading or filling behind the shell of
the vault. The reins are to a vault nearly what the
haunches are to an arch, and when a vault gives way by
thrusting outward, it is because its reins are not
sufficiently filled up.
Reinsert \Re`in*sert"\ (r?`?n*s?rt"), v. t.
To insert again.
Reinsertion \Re`in*ser"tion\ (-s?r"sh?n), n.
The act of reinserting.
Reinspect \Re`in*spect"\ (-sp?kt"), v. t.
To inspect again.
Reinspection \Re`in*spec"tion\ (-sp?k"sh?n), n.
The act of reinspecting.
Reinspire \Re`in*spire"\ (-sp?r"), v. t.
To inspire anew. --Milton.
Reinspirit \Re`in*spir"it\ (-sp`r"?t), v. t.
To give fresh spirit to.
Reinstall \Re`in*stall"\ (-st?l"), v. t. [Pref. re- + install:
cf. F. r['e]installer.]
To install again. --Milton.
Reinstallment \Re`in*stall"ment\ (-ment), n.
A renewed installment.
Reinstate \Re`in*state"\ (-st?t"), v. t.
To place again in possession, or in a former state; to
restore to a state from which one had been removed; to
instate again; as, to reinstate a king in the possession of
the kingdom.
For the just we have said already thet some of them
were reinstated in their pristine happiness and
felicity. --Glanvill.
Reinstatement \Re`in*state"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of reinstating; the state of being reinstated;
re?stablishment.
Reinstation \Re`in*sta"tion\ (-st?"sh?n), n.
Reinstatement. [R.]
Reinstruct \Re`in*struct"\ (-str?kt"), v. t.
To instruct anew.
Reinsurance \Re`in*sur"ance\ (-sh?r"ans), n.
1. Insurance a second time or again; renewed insurance.
2. A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly or in
part against the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody
else. See {Reassurance}.
Reinsure \Re`in*sure"\ (-sh?r"), v. t.
1. To insure again after a former insuranse has ceased; to
renew insurance on.
2. To insure, as life or property, in favor of one who has
taken an insurance risk upon it.
The innsurer may cause the property insured to be
reinsured by other persons. --Walsh.
Reinsurer \Re`in*sur"er\ (-sh?r"?r), n.
One who gives reinsurance.
Reintegrate \Re*in"te*grate\ (r?*?n"t?*gr?t), v. t. [Pref. re- +
integrate. Cf. {Redintegrate}.]
To renew with regard to any state or quality; to restore; to
bring again together into a whole, as the parts off anything;
to re["e]stablish; as, to reintegrate a nation. --Bacon.
Reintegration \Re*in`te*gra"tion\ (-gr?"sh?n), n.
A renewing, or making whole again. See {Redintegration}.
Reinter \Re`in*ter"\ (r?`?n*t?r"), v. t.
To inter again.
Reinterrogate \Re`in*ter"ro*gate\ (-t?r"r?*g?t), v. t.
To interrogate again; to question repeatedly. --Cotgrave.
Reinthrone \Re`in*throne"\ (-thr?n"), v. t.
See {Re["e]nthrone}.
Reinthronize \Re`in*thron"ize\ (-?z), v. t.
To enthrone again. [Obs.]
Reintroduce \Re*in`tro*duce"\ (r?*?n`tr?*d?s"), v. t.
To introduce again. -- {Re*in`tro*duc"tion} (-d?k"sh?n), n.
Reinvest \Re`in*vest"\ (r?`?n*v?st"), v. t.
To invest again or anew.
Reinvestigate \Re`in*ves"ti*gate\ (-v?s"t?*g?t), v. t.
To investigate again. -- {Re`in*ves`ti*ga"tion} (-g?"sh?n),
n.
Reinvestment \Re`in*vest"ment\ (-v?st"ment), n.
The act of investing anew; a second or repeated investment.
Reinvigorate \Re`in*vig"or*ate\ (-v?g"?r*?t), v. t.
To invigorate anew.
Reinvolve \Re`in*volve"\ (-v?lv"), v. t.
To involve anew.
Reis \Re`is\ (r?"?s or r?z), n. [Pg., pl. of real, an ancient
Portuguese coin.]
The word is used as a Portuguese designation of money of
account, one hundred reis being about equal in value to
eleven cents.
Reis \Reis\ (r[imac]s), n. [Ar. ra["i]s head, chief, prince.]
A common title in the East for a person in authority,
especially the captain of a ship. [Written also {rais} and
{ras}.]
Reis Effendi \Reis` Ef*fen"di\ (r?s` ?f*f?n"d?). [See 2d {Reis},
and {Effendi}.]
A title formerly given to one of the chief Turkish officers
of state. He was chancellor of the empire, etc.
Reissner's membrane \Reiss"ner's mem"brane\ (r?s"n?rz m?m"br?n).
[Named from E. Reissner, A German anatomist.] (Anat.)
The thin membrane which separates the canal of the cochlea
from the vestibular scala in the internal ear.
Reissuable \Re*is"su*a*ble\ (r?*?sh"?*?*b'l), a.
Capable of being reissued.
Reissue \Re*is"sue\ (r?*?sh"?), v. t. & i.
To issue a second time.
Reissue \Re*is"sue\, n.
A second or repeated issue.
Reit \Reit\ (r?t), n.
Sedge; seaweed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Reiter \Rei"ter\ (r?"t?r), n. [G., rider.]
A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries.
Reiterant \Re*it"er*ant\ (r?-?t"?r-ant), a. [See {Reiterate}.]
Reiterating. [R.] --Mrs. Browning.
Reiterate \Re*it"er*ate\ (-[=a]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Reiterated} (-[=a]`t[e^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reiterating}.]
[Pref. re- + iterate: cf. F. r['e]it['e]rer, LL. reiterare to
question again.]
To repeat again and again; to say or do repeatedly;
sometimes, to repeat.
That with reiterated crimes he might Heap on himself
damnation. --Milton.
You never spoke what did become you less Than this;
which to reiterate were sin. --Shak.
Syn: To repeat; recapitulate; rehearse.
Reiterate \Re*it"er*ate\ (-?t), a.
Reiterated; repeated. [R.]
Reiteratedly \Re*it"er*a`ted*ly\ (-?`t?d-l?), adv.
Repeatedly.
Reiteration \Re*it`er*a"tion\ (-?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
r['e]it['e]ration.]
The act of reiterating; that which is reiterated.
Reiterative \Re*it"er*a*tive\ (r?-?t"?r-?-t?v), n.
1. (Gram.) A word expressing repeated or reiterated action.
2. A word formed from another, or used to form another, by
repetition; as, dillydally.
Reiver \Reiv"er\ (r?v"?r), n.
See {Reaver}. --Ruskin.
Reject \Re*ject"\ (r?-j?kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rejected}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Rejecting}.] [L. rejectus, p. p. of reicere,
rejicere; pref. re- re- + jacere to throw: cf. F. rejeter,
formerly also spelt rejecter. See {Jet} a shooting forth.]
1. To cast from one; to throw away; to discard.
Therefore all this exercise of hunting . . . the
Utopians have rejected to their butchers. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
Reject me not from among thy children. --Wisdom ix.
4.
2. To refuse to receive or to acknowledge; to decline
haughtily or harshly; to repudiate.
That golden scepter which thou didst reject.
--Milton.
Because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also
reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me.
--Hos. iv. 6.
3. To refuse to grant; as, to reject a prayer or request.
Syn: To repel; renounce; discard; rebuff; refuse; decline.
Rejectable \Re*ject"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being, or that ought to be, rejected.
Rejectamenta \Re*jec`ta*men"ta\ (r?-j?k`t?-m?n"ta), n.pl. [NL.,
fr. L. rejectare, v. intens. fr. rejicere. See {Reject}.]
Things thrown out or away; especially, things excreted by a
living organism. --J. Fleming.
Rejectaneous \Re`jec*ta"ne*ous\ (r?`j?k-t?"n?-?s), a. [L.
rejectaneus.]
Not chosen or received; rejected. [Obs.] ``Profane,
rejectaneous, and reprobate people.'' --Barrow.
Rejecter \Re*ject"er\ (r?-j?kt"?r), n.
One who rejects.
Rejection \Re*jec"tion\ (r?-j?k"sh?n), n. [L. rejectio: cf. F.
r['e]jection.]
Act of rejecting, or state of being rejected.
Rejectitious \Re`jec*ti"tious\ (r?`j?k-t?sh"?s), a.
Implying or requiring rejection; rejectable. --Cudworth.
Rejective \Re*ject"ive\ (r?-j?kt"?v), a.
Rejecting, or tending to reject.
Rejectment \Re*ject"ment\ (-ment), n.
Act of rejecting; matter rejected, or thrown away. --Eaton.
Rejoice \Re*joice"\ (r[-e]*jois"), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Rejoiced} (-joist"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Rejoicing}
(-joi"s?ng).] [OE. rejoissen, OF. resjouir, resjoir, F.
r['e]jouir; pref. re- re- + OF, esjouir, esjoir, F.
['e]jouir, to rejoice; pref. es- (L. ex-) + OF. jouir, joir,
F. jouir, from L. gaudere to rejoice. See {Joy}.]
To feel joy; to experience gladness in a high degree; to have
pleasurable satisfaction; to be delighted. ``O, rejoice
beyond a common joy.'' --Shak.
I will be glad and rejoice in thy mercy. --Ps. xxxi. 7.
Syn: To delight; joy; exult; triumph.
Rejoice \Re*joice"\, v. t.
1. To enjoy. [Obs.] --Bp. Peacock.
2. To give joy to; to make joyful; to gladden.
I me rejoysed of my liberty. --Chaucer.
While she, great saint, rejoices heaven. --Prior.
Were he [Cain] alive, it would rejoice his soul to
see what mischief it had made. --Arbuthnot.
Syn: To please; cheer; exhilarate; delight.
Rejoice \Re*joice"\, n.
The act of rejoicing. --Sir T. Browne.
Rejoicement \Re*joice"ment\ (-ment), n.
Rejoicing. [Obs.]
Rejoicer \Re*joi"cer\ (r?-joi"s?r), n.
One who rejoices.
Rejoicing \Re*joi"cing\ (-s?ng), n.
1. Joy; gladness; delight.
We should particularly express our rejoicing by love
and charity to our neighbors. --R. Nelson.
2. The expression of joy or gladness.
The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the
tabernacles of the righteous. --Ps. cxviii.
15.
3. That which causes to rejoice; occasion of joy.
Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever,
for they are the rejoicing of my heart. --Ps. cxix.
111.
Rejoicingly \Re*joi"cing*ly\, adv.
With joi or exultation.
Rejoin \Re*join"\ (r?-join"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rejoined}
(-joind"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Rejoining}.] [F. rejoindre; pref.
re- re- + joindre to join. See {Join}, and cf. {Rejoinder}.]
1. To join again; to unite after separation.
2. To come, or go, again into the presence of; to join the
company of again.
Meet and rejoin me, in the pensive grot. --Pope.
3. To state in reply; -- followed by an object clause.
Rejoin \Re*join"\, v. i.
1. To answer to a reply.
2. (Law) To answer, as the defendant to the plaintiff's
replication.
Rejoinder \Re*join"der\ (-d?r), n. [From F. rejoindre, inf., to
join again. See {Rejoin}.]
1. An answer to a reply; or, in general, an answer or reply.
2. (Law) The defendant's answer to the plaintiff's
replication.
Syn: Reply; answer; replication. See {Reply}.
Rejoinder \Re*join"der\, v. i.
To make a rejoinder. [Archaic]
Rejoindure \Re*join"dure\ (-d[-u]r), n.
Act of joining again. [Obs.] ``Beguiles our lips of all
rejoindure''
Note: (i.e., kisses). --Shak.
Rejoint \Re*joint"\ (r[-e]-joint"), v. t.
1. To reunite the joints of; to joint anew. --Barrow.
2. Specifically (Arch.), to fill up the joints of, as stones
in buildings when the mortar has been dislodged by age and
the action of the weather. --Gwilt.
Rejolt \Re*jolt"\ (r?-j?lt"), n.
A reacting jolt or shock; a rebound or recoil. [R.]
These inward rejolts and recoilings of the mind.
--South.
Rejolt \Re*jolt"\, v. t.
To jolt or shake again. --Locke.
Rejourn \Re*journ"\ (r?-j?rn"), v. t. [Cf. F. r['e]ajourner. See
{Adjourn}.]
To adjourn; to put off. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rejournment \Re*journ"ment\ (-ment), n.
Adjournment. [Obs.]
Rejudge \Re*judge"\ (r?-j?j"), v. t.
To judge again; to re["e]xamine; to review; to call to a new
trial and decision.
Rejudge his acts, and dignify disgrace. --Pope.
Rejuvenate \Re*ju"ve*nate\ (r?-j?"v?-n?t), v. t. [Pref. re- re-
+ L. juventis young, youthful.]
To render young again.
Rejuvenation \Re*ju`ve*na"tion\ (-n?"sh?n), n.
Rejuvenescence.
Rejuvenescence \Re*ju`ve*nes"cence\ (-n?s"sens), n.
1. A renewing of youth; the state of being or growing young
again.
2. (Bot.) A method of cell formation in which the entire
protoplasm of an old cell escapes by rupture of the cell
wall, and then develops a new cell wall. It is seen
sometimes in the formation of zo["o]spores, etc.
Rejuvenescency \Re*ju`ve*nes"cen*cy\ (-sen-s?), n.
Rejuvenescence.
Rejuvenescent \Re*ju`ve*nes"cent\ (-sent), a.
Becoming, or causing to become, rejuvenated; rejuvenating.
Rejuvenize \Re*ju`ve*nize\ (r?-j?"v?-n?z), v. t.
To rejuvenate.
Rekindle \Re*kin"dle\ (r?-k?n"d'l), v. t. & i.
To kindle again.
Rekne \Rek"ne\ (r?k"ne), v. t.
To reckon. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Relade \Re*lade"\ (r[=e]*l[=a]d"), v. t.
To lade or load again.
Relaid \Re*laid"\ (r[=e]*l[=a]d"),
imp. & p. p. of {Relay}.
Relais \Re*lais"\ (re*l[asl]"), n. [F. See {Relay}, n.] (Fort.)
A narrow space between the foot of the rampart and the scarp
of the ditch, serving to receive the earth that may crumble
off or be washed down, and prevent its falling into the
ditch. --Wilhelm.
Reland \Re*land"\ (r?-l?nd"), v. t.
To land again; to put on land, as that which had been shipped
or embarked.
Reland \Re*land"\, v. i.
To go on shore after having embarked; to land again.
Relapse \Re*lapse"\ (r?-l?ps"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Relapsed}
(-l?pst"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Relapsing}.] [L. relapsus, p. p.
of relabi to slip back, to relapse; pref. re- re- + labi to
fall, slip, slide. See {Lapse}.]
1. To slip or slide back, in a literal sense; to turn back.
[Obs.] --Dryden.
2. To slide or turn back into a former state or practice; to
fall back from some condition attained; -- generally in a
bad sense, as from a state of convalescence or amended
condition; as, to relapse into a stupor, into vice, or
into barbarism; -- sometimes in a good sense; as, to
relapse into slumber after being disturbed.
That task performed, [preachers] relapse into
themselves. --Cowper.
3. (Theol.) To fall from Christian faith into paganism,
heresy, or unbelief; to backslide.
They enter into the justified state, and so continue
all along, unless they relapse. --Waterland.
Relapse \Re*lapse"\, n. [For sense 2 cf. F. relaps. See
{Relapse}, v.]
1. A sliding or falling back, especially into a former bad
state, either of body or morals; backsliding; the state of
having fallen back.
Alas! from what high hope to what relapse Unlooked
for are we fallen! --Milton.
2. One who has relapsed, or fallen back, into error; a
backslider; specifically, one who, after recanting error,
returns to it again. [Obs.]
Relapser \Re*laps"er\ (-l?ps"?r), n.
One who relapses. --Bp. Hall.
Relapsing \Re*laps"ing\, a.
Marked by a relapse; falling back; tending to return to a
former worse state.
{Relapsing fever} (Med.), an acute, epidemic, contagious
fever, which prevails also endemically in Ireland, Russia,
and some other regions. It is marked by one or two
remissions of the fever, by articular and muscular pains,
and by the presence, during the paroxism of spiral
bacterium ({Spiroch[ae]te}) in the blood. It is not
usually fatal. Called also {famine fever}, and {recurring
fever}.
Relate \Re*late"\ (r?-l?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Related}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Relating}.] [F. relater to recount, LL.
relatare, fr. L. relatus, used as p. p. of referre. See
{Elate}, and cf. {Refer}.]
1. To bring back; to restore. [Obs.]
Abate your zealous haste, till morrow next again
Both light of heaven and strength of men relate.
--Spenser.
2. To refer; to ascribe, as to a source. [Obs. or R.]
3. To recount; to narrate; to tell over.
This heavy act with heavy heart relate. --Shak.
4. To ally by connection or kindred.
{To relate one's self}, to vent thoughts in words. [R.]
Syn: To tell; recite; narrate; recount; rehearse; report;
detail; describe.
Relate \Re*late"\, v. i.
1. To stand in some relation; to have bearing or concern; to
pertain; to refer; -- with to.
All negative or privative words relate positive
ideas. --Locke.
2. To make reference; to take account. [R.& Obs.]
Reckoning by the years of their own consecration
without relating to any imperial account. --Fuller.
Related \Re*lat"ed\ (-l?t"?d), p. p. & a.
1. Allied by kindred; connected by blood or alliance,
particularly by consanguinity; as, persons related in the
first or second degree.
2. Standing in relation or connection; as, the electric and
magnetic forcec are closely related.
3. Narrated; told.
4. (Mus.) Same as {Relative}, 4.
Relatedness \Re*lat"ed*ness\, n.
The state or condition of being related; relationship;
affinity. [R.] --Emerson.
Relater \Re*lat"er\ (-?r), n.
One who relates or narrates.
Relation \Re*la"tion\ (r?-l?"sh?n), n. [F. relation, L. relatio.
See {Relate}.]
1. The act of relating or telling; also, that which is
related; recital; account; narration; narrative; as, the
relation of historical events.
??????oet's relation doth well figure them. --Bacon.
2. The state of being related or of referring; what is
apprehended as appertaining to a being or quality, by
considering it in its bearing upon something else;
relative quality or condition; the being such and such
with regard or respect to some other thing; connection;
as, the relation of experience to knowledge; the relation
of master to servant.
Any sort of connection which is perceived or
imagined between two or more things, or any
comparison which is made by the mind, is a relation.
--I. Taylor.
3. Reference; respect; regard.
I have been importuned to make some observations on
this art in relation to its agreement with poetry.
--Dryden.
4. Connection by consanguinity or affinity; kinship;
relationship; as, the relation of parents and children.
Relations dear, and all the charities Of father,
son, and brother, first were known. --Milton.
5. A person connected by cosanguinity or affinity; a
relative; a kinsman or kinswoman.
For me . . . my relation does not care a rush. --Ld.
Lytton.
6. (Law)
(a) The carrying back, and giving effect or operation to,
an act or proceeding frrom some previous date or time,
by a sort of fiction, as if it had happened or begun
at that time. In such case the act is said to take
effect by relation.
(b) The act of a relator at whose instance a suit is
begun. --Wharton. Burrill.
Syn: Recital; rehearsal; narration; account; narrative; tale;
detail; description; kindred; kinship; consanguinity;
affinity; kinsman; kinswoman.
Relational \Re*la"tion*al\ (r?-l?"sh?n-al), a.
1. Having relation or kindred; related.
We might be tempted to take these two nations for
relational stems. --Tooke.
2. Indicating or specifying some relation.
Relational words, as prepositions, auxiliaries, etc.
--R. Morris.
Relationist \Re*la"tion*ist\, n.
A relative; a relation. [Obs.]
Relationship \Re*la"tion*ship\, n.
The state of being related by kindred, affinity, or other
alliance. --Mason.
Relative \Rel"a*tive\ (r?l"?-t?v), a. [F. relatif, L. relativus.
See {Relate}.]
1. Having relation or reference; referring; respecting;
standing in connection; pertaining; as, arguments not
relative to the subject.
I'll have grounds More relative than this. --Shak.
2. Arising from relation; resulting from connection with, or
reference to, something else; not absolute.
Every thing sustains both an absolute and a relative
capacity: an absolute, as it is such a thing, endued
with such a nature; and a relative, as it is a part
of the universe, and so stands in such a relations
to the whole. --South.
3. (Gram.) Indicating or expressing relation; refering to an
antecedent; as, a relative pronoun.
4. (Mus.) Characterizing or pertaining to chords and keys,
which, by reason of the identify of some of their tones,
admit of a natural transition from one to the other.
--Moore (Encyc. of Music).
{Relative clause} (Gram.), a clause introduced by a relative
pronoun.
{Relative term}, a term which implies relation to, as
guardian to ward, matter to servant, husband to wife. Cf.
{Correlative}.
Relative \Rel"a*tive\, n.
One who, or that which, relates to, or is considered in its
relation to, something else; a relative object or term; one
of two object or term; one of two objects directly connected
by any relation. Specifically:
(a) A person connected by blood or affinity; strictly, one
allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or kinswoman.
``Confining our care . . . to ourselves and relatives.''
--Bp. Fell.
(b) (Gram.) A relative pronoun; a word which relates to, or
represents, another word or phrase, called its
antecedent; as, the relatives ``who'', ``which'',
``that''.
Relatively \Rel"a*tive*ly\, adv.
In a relative manner; in relation or respect to something
else; not absolutely.
Consider the absolute affections of any being as it is
in itself, before you consider it relatively. --I.
Watts.
Relativeness \Rel"a*tive*ness\, n.
The state of being relative, or having relation; relativity.
Relativity \Rel`a*tiv"i*ty\ (-t?v"?-t?), n.
The state of being relative; as, the relativity of a subject.
--Coleridge.
Relator \Re*lat"or\ (r?-l?t"?r), n. [ L.: cf. F. relateur. See
{Relate}.]
1. One who relates; a relater. ``The several relators of this
history.'' --Fuller.
2. (Law) A private person at whose relation, or in whose
behalf, the attorney-general allows an information in the
nature of a quo warranto to be filed.
Relatrix \Re*lat"rix\ (-r?ks), n. [L.] (Law)
A female relator.
Relax \Re*lax"\ (r?-l?ks"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Relaxed}
(-l?kst"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Relaxing}.] [L. relaxare; pref.
re- re- + laxare to loose, to slacken, from laxus loose. See
{Lax}, and cf. {Relay}, n., {Release}.]
1. To make lax or loose; to make less close, firm, rigid,
tense, or the like; to slacken; to loosen; to open; as, to
relax a rope or cord; to relax the muscles or sinews.
Horror . . . all his joints relaxed. --Milton.
Nor served it to relax their serried files.
--Milton.
2. To make less severe or rigorous; to abate the stringency
of; to remit in respect to strenuousness, earnestness, or
effort; as, to relax discipline; to relax one's attention
or endeavors.
The statute of mortmain was at several times relaxed
by the legislature. --Swift.
3. Hence, to relieve from attention or effort; to ease; to
recreate; to divert; as, amusement relaxes the mind.
4. To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to open; as, an
aperient relaxes the bowels.
Syn: To slacken; loosen; loose; remit; abate; mitigate; ease;
unbend; divert.
Relax \Re*lax"\, v. i.
1. To become lax, weak, or loose; as, to let one's grasp
relax.
His knees relax with toil. --Pope.
2. To abate in severity; to become less rigorous.
In others she relaxed again, And governed with a
looser rein. --Prior.
3. To remit attention or effort; to become less diligent; to
unbend; as, to relax in study.
Relax \Re*lax"\, n.
Relaxation. [Obs.] --Feltham.
Relax \Re**lax"\, a.
Relaxed; lax; hence, remiss; careless.
Relaxable \Re*lax"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being relaxed.
Relaxant \Re*lax"ant\ (r?-l?ks"ant), n. [L. relaxans, p. pr. of
relaxare.] (Med.)
A medicine that relaxes; a laxative.
Relaxation \Re`lax*a"tion\ (r?`l?ks-?"sh?n;277), n. [L.
relaxatio; cf. F. relaxation.]
1. The act or process of relaxing, or the state of being
relaxed; as, relaxation of the muscles; relaxation of a
law.
2. Remission from attention and effort; indulgence in
recreation, diversion, or amusement. ``Hours of careless
relaxation.'' --Macaulay.
Relaxative \Re*lax"a*tive\ (r?-l?ks"?-t?v), a.
Having the quality of relaxing; laxative. -- n. A relaxant.
--B. Jonson.
Relay \Re*lay"\ (r?-l?"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Relaid} (-l?d);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Relaying}.] [Pref. re- + lay, v.]
To lay again; to lay a second time; as, to relay a pavement.
Relay \Re*lay"\ (r?-l?"), n. [F. relais (cf. OF. relais
relaxation, discontinuance, It. rilascio release, relief,
rilasso relay), fr. OF. relaissier to abandon, release, fr.
L. relaxare. See {Relax}.]
1. A supply of anything arranged beforehand for affording
relief from time to time, or at successive stages;
provision for successive relief. Specifically:
(a) A supply of horses placced at stations to be in
readiness to relieve others, so that a trveler may
proceed without delay.
(b) A supply of hunting dogs or horses kept in readiness
at certain places to relive the tired dogs or horses,
and to continue the pursuit of the game if it comes
that way.
(c) A number of men who relieve others in carrying on some
work.
2. (Elec.) In various forms of telegraphic apparatus, a
magnet which receives the circuit current, and is caused
by it to bring into into action the power of a local
battery for performing the work of making the record;
also, a similar device by which the current in one circuit
is made to open or close another circuit in which a
current is passing.
{Relay battery} (Elec.), the local battery which is brought
into use by the action of the relay magnet, or relay.
Relbun \Rel"bun\ (r?l"b?n), n.
The roots of the Chilian plant {Calceolaria arachnoidea}, --
used for dyeing crimson.
Releasable \Re*leas"a*ble\ (r?-l?s"?-b'l), a.
That may be released.
Release \Re*lease"\ (r?-l?s"), v. t. [Pref. re + lease to let.]
To lease again; to grant a new lease of; to let back.
Release \Re*lease"\ (r?-l?s"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Released}
(r?*l?st"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Releasing}.] [OE. relessen, OF.
relassier, to release, to let free. See {Relay}, n., {Relax},
and cf. {Release} to lease again.]
1. To let loose again; to set free from restraint,
confinement, or servitude; to give liberty to, or to set
at liberty; to let go.
Now at that feast he released unto them one
prisoner, whomsoever they desired. --Mark xv. 6.
2. To relieve from something that confines, burdens, or
oppresses, as from pain, trouble, obligation, penalty.
3. (Law) To let go, as a legal claim; to discharge or
relinquish a right to, as lands or tenements, by conveying
to another who has some right or estate in possession, as
when the person in remainder releases his right to the
tenant in possession; to quit.
4. To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation of; as, to
release an ordinance. [Obs.] --Hooker.
A sacred vow that none should aye release.
--Spenser.
Syn: To free; liberate; loose; discharge; disengage;
extricate; let go; quit; acquit.
Release \Re*lease"\, n.
1. The act of letting loose or freeing, or the state of being
let loose or freed; liberation or discharge from restraint
of any kind, as from confinement or bondage. ``Who
boast'st release from hell.'' --Milton.
2. Relief from care, pain, or any burden.
3. Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as from debt,
penalty, or claim of any kind; acquittance.
4. (Law) A giving up or relinquishment of some right or
claim; a conveyance of a man's right in lands or tenements
to another who has some estate in possession; a quitclaim.
--Blackstone.
5. (Steam Engine) The act of opening the exhaust port to
allow the steam to escape.
{Lease and release}. (Law) See under {Lease}.
{Out of release}, without cessation. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Syn: Liberation; freedom; discharge. See {Death}.
Releasee \Re*leas`ee"\ (-?"), n.
One to whom a release is given.
Releasement \Re*lease"ment\ (r?-l?s"ment), n.
The act of releasing, as from confinement or obligation.
--Milton.
Releaser \Re*leas"er\ (-?r), n.
One who releases, or sets free.
Releasor \Re*leas"or\ (-?r), n.
One by whom a release is given.
Relegate \Rel"e*gate\ (r?l"?-g?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Relegated} (-g?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Relegating}.] [L.
relegatus, p. p. of relegare; pref. re- re- + legare to send
with a commission or charge. See {Legate}.]
To remove, usually to an inferior position; to consign; to
transfer; specifically, to send into exile; to banish.
It [the Latin language] was relegated into the study of
the scholar. --Milman.
Relegation \Rel`e*ga"tion\ (-g?"sh?n), n. [L. relegatio: cf. F.
rel['e]gation.]
The act of relegating, or the state of being relegated;
removal; banishment; exile.
Relent \Re*lent"\ (r?-l?nt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Relented}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Relenting}.] [F. ralentir, fr. L. pref. re- re-
+ ad to + lentus pliant, flexible, slow. See {Lithe}.]
1. To become less rigid or hard; to yield; to dissolve; to
melt; to deliquesce. [Obs.]
He stirred the coals till relente gan The wax again
the fire. --Chaucer.
[Salt of tartar] placed in a cellar will . . . begin
to relent. --Boyle.
When opening buds salute the welcome day, And earth,
relenting, feels the genial ray. --Pope.
2. To become less severe or intense; to become less hard,
harsh, cruel, or the like; to soften in temper; to become
more mild and tender; to feel compassion.
Can you . . . behold My sighs and tears, and will
not once relent? --Shak.
Relent \Re*lent"\, v. t.
1. To slacken; to abate. [Obs.]
And oftentimes he would relent his pace. --Spenser.
2. To soften; to dissolve. [Obs.]
3. To mollify; to cause to be less harsh or severe. [Obs.]
Relent \Re*lent"\ (r?-l?nt"), n.
Stay; stop; delay. [Obs.]
Nor rested till she came without relent Unto the land
of Amazons. --Spenser.
Relentless \Re*lent"less\, a.
Unmoved by appeals for sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to
the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness;
unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying; as, a prey to relentless
despotism.
For this the avenging power employs his darts, . . .
Thus will persist, relentless in his ire. --Dryden.
-- {Re*lent"less*ly}, adv. -- {Re*lent"less*ness}, n.
Relentment \Re*lent"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act or process of relenting; the state of having
relented. --Sir T. Browne.
Relesse \Re*lesse"\ (r?-l?s"), v. t.
To release. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Relessee \Re`les*see"\ (r?`l?s-s?"), n.
See {Releasee}.
Relessor \Re`les*sor"\ (-s?r"), n.
See {Releasor}.
Re-let \Re-let"\ (r?-l?t"), v. t.
To let anew, as a house.
Relevance \Rel"e*vance\ (r?l"?*vans), Relevancy \Rel"e*van*cy\
(-van*s?), n.
1. The quality or state of being relevant; pertinency;
applicability.
Its answer little meaning, little relevancy bore.
--Poe.
2. (Scots Law) Sufficiency to infer the conclusion.
Relevant \Rel"e*vant\ (-vant), a. [F. relevant, p. pr. of
relever to raise again, to relieve. See {Relieve}.]
1. Relieving; lending aid or support. [R.] --Pownall.
2. Bearing upon, or properly applying to, the case in hand;
pertinent; applicable.
Close and relevant arguments have very little hold
on the passions. --Sydney
Smith.
3. (Scots Law) Sufficient to support the cause.
Relevantly \Rel"e*vant*ly\, adv.
In a relevant manner.
Relevation \Rel`e*va"tion\ (-v?"sh?n), n. [L. relevatio, fr.
relevare. See {Relieve}.]
A raising or lifting up. [Obs.]
Reliability \Re*li`a*bil"i*ty\ (r?-l?`?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The state or quality of being reliable; reliableness.
Reliable \Re*li"a*ble\ (r?-l?"?-b'l), a.
Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependance or
reliance; trustworthy. ``A reliable witness to the truth of
the miracles.'' --A. Norton.
The best means, and most reliable pledge, of a higher
object. --Coleridge.
According to General Livingston's humorous account, his
own village of Elizabethtown was not much more
reliable, being peopled in those agitated times by
``unknown, unrecommended strangers, guilty-looking
Tories, and very knavish Whigs.'' --W. Irving.
Note: Some authors take exception to this word, maintaining
that it is unnecessary, and irregular in formation. It
is, however, sanctioned by the practice of many careful
writers as a most convenient substitute for the phrase
to be relied upon, and a useful synonym for
trustworthy, which is by preference applied to persons,
as reliable is to things, such as an account,
statement, or the like. The objection that adjectives
derived from neuter verbs do not admit of a passive
sense is met by the citation of laughable, worthy of
being laughed at, from the neuter verb to laugh;
available, fit or able to be availed of, from the
neuter verb to avail; dispensable, capable of being
dispensed with, from the neuter verb to dispense. Other
examples might be added. -- {Re*li"a*ble*ness}, n. --
{Re*li"a*bly}, adv.
Reliance \Re*li"ance\ (-ans), n. [From {Rely}.]
1. The act of relying, or the condition or quality of being
reliant; dependence; confidence; trust; repose of mind
upon what is deemed sufficient support or authority.
In reliance on promises which proved to be of very
little value. --Macaulay.
2. Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of trust;
as, the boat was a poor reliance. --Richardson.
Reliant \Re*li"ant\ (-ant), a.
Having, or characterized by, reliance; confident; trusting.
Relic \Rel"ic\ (r?l"?k), n. [F. relique, from L. reliquiae, pl.,
akin to relinquere to leave behind. See {Relinquish}.]
[Formerly written also {relique}.]
1. That which remains; that which is left after loss or
decay; a remaining portion; a remnant. --Chaucer. Wyclif.
The relics of lost innocence. --Kebe.
The fragments, scraps, the bits and greasy relics.
--Shak.
2. The body from which the soul has departed; a corpse;
especially, the body, or some part of the body, of a
deceased saint or martyr; -- usually in the plural when
referring to the whole body.
There are very few treasuries of relics in Italy
that have not a tooth or a bone of this saint.
--Addison.
Thy relics, Rowe, to this fair urn we trust, And
sacred place by Dryden's awful dust. --Pope.
3. Hence, a memorial; anything preserved in remembrance; as,
relics of youthful days or friendships.
The pearls were spilt; Some lost, some stolen, some
as relics kept. --Tennyson.
Relicly \Rel"ic*ly\, adv.
In the manner of relics. [Obs.]
Relict \Rel"ict\ (-?kt), n. [L. relicta, fr. of relictus, p. p.
of relinquere to leave behind. See {Relinquish}.]
A woman whose husband is dead; a widow.
Eli dying without issue, Jacob was obliged by law to
marry his relict, and so to raise up seed to his
brother Eli. --South.
Relicted \Re*lict"ed\ (r?-l?kt"?d), a. [L. relictus, p. p.]
(Law)
Left uncovered, as land by recession of water. --Bouvier.
Reliction \Re*lic"tion\ (r?-l?k"sh?n), n. [L. relictio a leaving
behind.] (Law)
A leaving dry; a recession of the sea or other water, leaving
dry land; land left uncovered by such recession. --Burrill.
Relief \Re*lief"\ (r?-l?f"), n. [OE. relef, F. relief, properly,
a lifting up, a standing out. See {Relieve}, and cf.
{Basrelief}, {Rilievi}.]
1. The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; the
removal, or partial removal, of any evil, or of anything
oppressive or burdensome, by which some ease is obtained;
succor; alleviation; comfort; ease; redress.
He sees the dire contagion spread so fast, That,
where it seizes, all relief is vain. --Dryden.
2. Release from a post, or from the performance of duty, by
the intervention of others, by discharge, or by relay; as,
a relief of a sentry.
For this relief much thanks; 'tis bitter cold.
--Shak.
3. That which removes or lessens evil, pain, discomfort,
uneasiness, etc.; that which gives succor, aid, or
comfort; also, the person who relieves from performance of
duty by taking the place of another; a relay.
4. (Feudal Law) A fine or composition which the heir of a
deceased tenant paid to the lord for the privilege of
taking up the estate, which, on strict feudal principles,
had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the
tenant.
5. (Sculp. & Arch.) The projection of a figure above the
ground or plane on which it is formed.
Note: Relief is of three kinds, namely, {high relief}
({altorilievo}), {low relief}, ({basso-rilievo}), and
{demirelief} ({mezzo-rilievo}). See these terms in the
Vocabulary.
6. (Paint.) The appearance of projection given by shading,
shadow, etc., to any figure.
7. (Fort.) The height to which works are raised above the
bottom of the ditch. --Wilhelm.
8. (Physical Geog.) The elevations and surface undulations of
a country. --Guyot.
{Relief valve}, a valve arranged for relieving pressure of
steam, gas, or liquid; an escape valve.
Syn: Alleviation; mitigation; aid; help; succor; assistance;
remedy; redress; indemnification.
Reliefful \Re*lief"ful\ (r?-l?f"f?l), a.
Giving relief. [Obs.]
Reliefless \Re*lief"less\, a.
Destitute of relief; also, remediless.
Relier \Re*li"er\ (r?-l?"?r), n. [From {Rely}.]
One who relies.
Relievable \Re*liev"a*ble\ (r?-l?v"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being relieved; fitted to recieve relief. --Sir M.
Hale.
Relieve \Re*lieve"\ (r?-l?v"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Relieved}
(-l?vd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Relieving}.] [OE. releven, F.
relever to raise again, discharge, relieve, fr. L. relevare
to lift up, raise, make light, relieve; pref. re- re- +
levare to raise, fr. levis light. See {Levity}, and cf.
{Relevant}, {Relief}.]
1. To lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to
cause to rise. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
2. To cause to seem to rise; to put in relief; to give
prominence or conspicuousness to; to set off by contrast.
Her tall figure relieved against the blue sky;
seemed almost of supernatural height. --Sir W.
Scott.
3. To raise up something in; to introduce a contrast or
variety into; to remove the monotony or sameness of.
The poet must . . . sometimes relieve the subject
with a moral reflection. --Addison.
4. To raise or remove, as anything which depresses, weighs
down, or crushes; to render less burdensome or afflicting;
to allevate; to-abate; to mitigate; to lessen; as, to
relieve pain; to relieve the wants of the poor.
5. To free, wholly or partly, from any burden, trial, evil,
distress, or the like; to give ease, comfort, or
consolation to; to give aid, help, or succor to; to
support, strengthen, or deliver; as, to relieve a besieged
town.
Now lend assistance and relieve the poor. --Dryden.
6. To release from a post, station, or duty; to put another
in place of, or to take the place of, in the bearing of
any burden, or discharge of any duty.
Who hath relieved you? --Shak.
7. To ease of any imposition, burden, wrong, or oppression,
by judicial or legislative interposition, as by the
removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses, or
the like; to right.
Syn: To alleviate; assuage; succor; assist; aid; help;
support; substain; ease; mitigate; lighten; diminish;
remove; free; remedy; redress; indemnify.
Relievment \Re*liev"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; relief;
release. [Archaic.]
Reliever \Re*liev"er\ (-?r), n.
One who, or that which, relieves.
Relieving \Re*liev"ing\, a.
Serving or tending to relieve.
{Relieving arch} (Arch.), a discharging arch. See under
{Discharge}, v. t.
{Relieving tackle}. (Naut.)
(a) A temporary tackle attached to the tiller of a vessel
during gales or an action, in case of accident to the
tiller ropes.
(b) A strong tackle from a wharf to a careened vessel, to
prevent her from going over entirely, and to assist in
righting her. --Totten. --Craig.
Relievo \Re*lie"vo\ (r?-l?"v?), n. [It. rilievo.]
See {Relief}, n., 5.
Relight \Re*light"\ (r?-l?t"), v. t.
To light or kindle anew.
Religieuse \Re*li`gi`euse"\ (re-l?`zh?`?z"), n. f. Religieux
\Re*li`gi`eux"\ (re-l?`zh?`?"), n. m.[F.]
A person bound by monastic vows; a nun; a monk.
Religion \Re*li"gion\ (r[-e]*l[i^]j"[u^]n), n. [F., from L.
religio; cf. religens pious, revering the gods, Gr. 'ale`gein
to heed, have a care. Cf. {Neglect}.]
1. The outward act or form by which men indicate their
recognition of the existence of a god or of gods having
power over their destiny, to whom obedience, service, and
honor are due; the feeling or expression of human love,
fear, or awe of some superhuman and overruling power,
whether by profession of belief, by observance of rites
and ceremonies, or by the conduct of life; a system of
faith and worship; a manifestation of piety; as, ethical
religions; monotheistic religions; natural religion;
revealed religion; the religion of the Jews; the religion
of idol worshipers.
An orderly life so far as others are able to observe
us is now and then produced by prudential motives or
by dint of habit; but without seriousness there can
be no religious principle at the bottom, no course
of conduct from religious motives; in a word, there
can be no religion. --Paley.
Religion [was] not, as too often now, used as
equivalent for godliness; but . . . it expressed the
outer form and embodiment which the inward spirit of
a true or a false devotion assumed. --Trench.
Religions, by which are meant the modes of divine
worship proper to different tribes, nations, or
communities, and based on the belief held in common
by the members of them severally. . . . There is no
living religion without something like a doctrine.
On the other hand, a doctrine, however elaborate,
does not constitute a religion. --C. P. Tiele
(Encyc.
Brit.).
Religion . . . means the conscious relation between
man and God, and the expression of that relation in
human conduct. --J.
K["o]stlin
(Schaff-Herzog
Encyc.)
After the most straitest sect of our religion I
lived a Pharisee. --Acts xxvi.
5.
The image of a brute, adorned With gay religions
full of pomp and gold. --Milton.
2. Specifically, conformity in faith and life to the precepts
inculcated in the Bible, respecting the conduct of life
and duty toward God and man; the Christian faith and
practice.
Let us with caution indulge the supposition that
morality can be maintained without religion.
--Washington.
Religion will attend you . . . as a pleasant and
useful companion in every proper place, and every
temperate occupation of life. --Buckminster.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A monastic or religious order subject to a
regulated mode of life; the religious state; as, to enter
religion. --Trench.
A good man was there of religion. --Chaucer.
4. Strictness of fidelity in conforming to any practice, as
if it were an enjoined rule of conduct. [R.]
Those parts of pleading which in ancient times might
perhaps be material, but at this time are become
only mere styles and forms, are still continued with
much religion. --Sir M. Hale.
Note: Religion, as distinguished from theology, is
subjective, designating the feelings and acts of men
which relate to God; while theology is objective, and
denotes those ideas which man entertains respecting the
God whom he worships, especially his systematized views
of God. As distinguished from morality, religion
denotes the influences and motives to human duty which
are found in the character and will of God, while
morality describes the duties to man, to which true
religion always influences. As distinguished from
piety, religion is a high sense of moral obligation and
spirit of reverence or worship which affect the heart
of man with respect to the Deity, while piety, which
first expressed the feelings of a child toward a
parent, is used for that filial sentiment of veneration
and love which we owe to the Father of all. As
distinguished from sanctity, religion is the means by
which sanctity is achieved, sanctity denoting primarily
that purity of heart and life which results from
habitual communion with God, and a sense of his
continual presence.
{Natural religion}, a religion based upon the evidences of a
God and his qualities, which is supplied by natural
phenomena. See {Natural theology}, under {Natural}.
{Religion of humanity}, a name sometimes given to a religion
founded upon positivism as a philosophical basis.
{Revealed religion}, that which is based upon direct
communication of God's will to mankind; especially, the
Christian religion, based on the revelations recorded in
the Old and New Testaments.
Religionary \Re*li"gion*a*ry\ (r?-l?j"?n-?-r?), a.
Relating to religion; pious; as, religionary professions.
[Obs.]
Religionary \Re*li"gion*a*ry\, Religioner \Re*li"gion*er\ (-?r),
n.
A religionist. [R.]
Religionism \Re*li"gion*ism\ (-?z'm), n.
1. The practice of, or devotion to, religion.
2. Affectation or pretense of religion.
Religionist \Re*li"gion*ist\, n.
One earnestly devoted or attached to a religion; a religious
zealot.
The chief actors on one side were, and were to be, the
Puritan religionists. --Palfrey.
It might be that an Antinomian, a Quaker, or other
heterodo? religionists, was to be scourged out of the
town. --Hawthorne.
Religionize \Re*li"gion*ize\ (-?z), v. t.
To bring under the influence of religion. [R.] --Mallock.
Religionless \Re*li"gion*less\, a.
Destitute of religion.
Religiosity \Re*lig`i*os"i*ty\ (-l?j`?-?s"?-t?), n. [L.
religiositas: cf. F. religiosit?.]
The quality of being religious; religious feeling or
sentiment; religiousness. [R.] --M. Arnold.
Religious \Re*li"gious\ (r?-l?j"?s), a. [OF. religius,
religious, F. religieux, from L. religiosus. See {Religion}.]
1. Of or pertaining to religion; concerned with religion;
teaching, or setting forth, religion; set apart to
religion; as, a religious society; a religious sect; a
religious place; religious subjects, books, teachers,
houses, wars.
Our law forbids at their religious rites My
presence. --Milton.
2. Possessing, or conforming to, religion; pious; godly; as,
a religious man, life, behavior, etc.
Men whose lives Religious titled them the sons of
God. --Mlton
3. Scrupulously faithful or exact; strict.
Thus, Indianlike, Religious in my error, I adore The
sun, that looks upon his worshiper. --Shak.
4. Belonging to a religious order; bound by vows.
One of them is religious. --Chaucer.
Syn: Pious; godly; holy; devout; devotional; conscientious;
strict; rogod; exact.
Religious \Re*li"gious\, n.
A person bound by monastic vows, or sequestered from secular
concern, and devoted to a life of piety and religion; a monk
or friar; a nun. --Addison.
Religiously \Re*li"gious*ly\, adv.
In a religious manner. --Drayton.
Religiousness \Re*li"gious*ness\, n.
The quality of being religious.
Relik \Rel"ik\ (r?l"?k), n.
Relic. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Relinquent \Re*lin"quent\ (r?-l?n"kwent), a. [L. relinquens, p.
pr. of relinqquere. See {Relinquish}.]
Relinquishing. [R.]
Relinquent \Re*lin"quent\, n.
One who relinquishes. [R.]
Relinquish \Re*lin"quish\ (-kw?sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Relinquished} (-kw?sht); p. pr. & vb. n. {Relinquishing}.]
[OF. relinquir, L. relinquere to leave behind; pref. re- re +
linquere to leave. See {Loan}, and cf. {Relic}, {Relict}.]
1. To withdraw from; to leave behind; to desist from; to
abandon; to quit; as, to relinquish a pursuit.
We ought to relinquish such rites. --Hooker.
They placed Irish tenants upon the lands
relinquished by the English. --Sir J.
Davies.
2. To give up; to renounce a claim to; resign; as, to
relinquish a debt.
Syn: To resign; leave; quit; forsake; abandon; desert;
renounce; forb?ar; forego. See {Resign}.
Relinquisher \Re*lin"quish*er\ (-r?r), n.
One who relinquishes.
Relinquishment \Re*lin"quish*ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of relinquishing.
Reliquary \Rel"i*qua*ry\ (r?l"?-kw?-r?), n.; pl. {-ries}
(-r[i^]z). [LL. reliquiarium, reliquiare: cf. F. reliquaire.
See {Relic}.]
A depositary, often a small box or casket, in which relics
are kept.
Relique \Re*lique"\ (r?-l?k"), n. [F.]
See {Relic}. --Chaucer.
Reliquiae \Re*liq"ui*[ae]/\ (r?-l?k"w?-?), n.pl. [L. See
{Relic}.]
1. Remains of the dead; organic remains; relics.
2. (Bot.) Same as {Induvi[ae]}.
Reliquian \Re*liq"ui*an\ (r?-l?k"w?-an), a.
Of or pertaining to a relic or relics; of the nature of a
relic. [R.]
Reliquidate \Re*liq"ui*date\ (r?-l?k"w?-d?t), v. t.
To liquidate anew; to adjust a second time.
Reliquidation \Re*liq`ui*da"tion\ (-d[hand]"sh?n), n.
A second or renewed liquidation; a renewed adjustment. --A.
Hamilton.
Relish \Rel"ish\ (r?l"?sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Relished}
(-?sht); p. pr. & vb. n. {Relishing}.] [Of. relechier to lick
or taste anew; pref. re- re-+ lechier to lick, F. l?cher. See
{Lecher}, {Lick}.]
1. To taste or eat with pleasure; to like the flavor of; to
partake of with gratification; hence, to enjoy; to be
pleased with or gratified by; to experience pleasure from;
as, to relish food.
Now I begin to relish thy advice. --Shak.
He knows how to prize his advantages, and to relish
the honors which he enjoys. --Atterbury.
2. To give a relish to; to cause to taste agreeably.
A savory bit that served to relish wine. --Dryden.
Relish \Rel"ish\, v. i.
To have a pleasing or appetizing taste; to give
gratification; to have a flavor.
Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not
have relished among my other discredits. --Shak.
A theory, which, how much soever it may relish of wit
and invention, hath no foundation in nature.
--Woodward.
Relish \Rel"ish\, n.
1. A pleasing taste; flavor that gratifies the palate; hence,
enjoyable quality; power of pleasing.
Much pleasure we have lost while we abstained From
this delightful fruit, nor known till now True
relish, tasting. --Milton.
When liberty is gone, Life grows insipid, and has
lost its relish. --Addison.
2. Savor; quality; characteristic tinge.
It preserve some relish of old writing. --Pope.
3. A taste for; liking; appetite; fondness.
A relish for whatever was excelent in arts.
--Macaulay.
I have a relish for moderate praise, because it bids
fair to be j?dicious. --Cowper.
4. That which is used to impart a flavor; specifically,
something taken with food to render it more palatable or
to stimulate the appetite; a condiment.
Syn: Taste; savor; flavor; appetite; zest; gusto; liking;
delight.
Relish \Rel"ish\, n. (Carp.)
The projection or shoulder at the side of, or around, a
tenon, on a tenoned piece. --Knight.
Relishable \Rel"ish*a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being relished; agreeable to the taste;
gratifying.
Relive \Re*live"\ (r?-l?v"), v. i.
To live again; to revive.
Relive \Re*live"\, v. t.
To recall to life; to revive. [Obs.]
Reload \Re*load"\ (r?-l?d"), v. t.
To load again, as a gun.
Reloan \Re*loan"\ (r?-l?n"), n.
A second lending of the same thing; a renewal of a loan.
Relocate \Re*lo"cate\ (r?-l?"k?t), v. t.
To locate again.
Relocation \Re`lo*ca"tion\ (r?`l[hand]-k?"sh?n), n.
1. A second location.
2. (Roman & Scots Law) Renewal of a lease.
Relodge \Re*lodge"\ (r?-l?j"), v. t.
To lodge again.
Relove \Re*love"\ (-l?v"), v. t.
To love in return. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Relucent \Re*lu"cent\ (r?-l?"sent), a. [L. relucens, p. pr.
relucere. See {Lucent}.]
Reflecting light; shining; glittering; glistening; bright;
luminous; splendid.
Gorgeous banners to the sun expand Their streaming
volumes of relucent gold. --Glover.
Reluct \Re*luct"\ (r?-l?kt"), v. i. [L. reluctari, p. p.
reluctatus, to struggle; pref. re- re- + luctari to struggle,
fr. lucia a wresting.]
To strive or struggle against anything; to make resistance;
to draw back; to feel or show repugnance or reluctance.
Apt to reluct at the excesses of it [passion].
--Walton.
Reluctance \Re*luc"tance\ (r?-l?k"tans), Reluctancy
\Re*luc"tan*cy\ (-tan-s?), n. [See {Reluctant}.]
The state or quality of being reluctant; repugnance; aversion
of mind; unwillingness; -- often followed by an infinitive,
or by to and a noun, formerly sometimes by against.
``Tempering the severity of his looks with a reluctance to
the action.'' --Dryden.
He had some reluctance to obey the summons. --Sir W.
Scott.
Bear witness, Heaven, with what reluctancy Her helpless
innocence I doom to die. --Dryden.
Syn: Syn. See {Dislike}.
Reluctant \Re*luc"tant\ (-tant), a. [L. reluctans, -antis, p.
pr. of reluctari. See {Reluct}.]
1. Striving against; opposed in desire; unwilling;
disinclined; loth.
Reluctant, but in vain. --Milton.
Reluctant now I touched the trembling string.
--Tickell.
2. Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with
reluctance; as, reluctant obedience. --Mitford.
Syn: Averse; unwilling; loth; disinclined; repugnant;
backward; coy. See {Averse}.
Reluctantly \Re*luc"tant*ly\, adv.
In a reluctant manner.
Reluctate \Re*luc"tate\ (-t?t), v. i. [See {Reluct}.]
To struggle against anything; to resist; to oppose. [Obs.]
``To delude their reluctating consciences.'' --Dr. H. More.
Reluctation \Rel`uc*ta"tion\ (r?l`?k-t?"sh?n), n.
Repugnance; resistance; reluctance. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Relume \Re*lume"\ (r?-l?m"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Relumed}
(-l?md"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reluming}.] [OF. relumer (cf. F.
rallumer), L. reluminare; pref. re- re- + luminare to light.
Cf. {Reillume}.]
To rekindle; to light again.
Relumed her ancient light, not kindled new. --Pope.
I know not where is that Promethean heat That can thy
light relume. --Shak.
Relumine \Re*lu"mine\ (r?-l?"m?n), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Relumined} (-m?nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Relumining}.] [See
{Relume}.]
1. To light anew; to rekindle. --Shak.
2. To illuminate again.
Rely \Re*ly"\ (r?-l?"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Relied} (-l?d"); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Relying}.] [Pref. re- + lie to rest.]
To rest with confidence, as when fully satisfied of the
veracity, integrity, or ability of persons, or of the
certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence; to
trust; to depend; -- with on, formerly also with in.
Go in thy native innocence; rely On what thou hast of
virtue. --Milton.
On some fond breast the parting soul relies. --Gray.
Syn: To trust; depend; confide; repose.
Remade \Re*made"\ (r?-m?d"),
imp. & p. p. of {Remake}.
Remain \Re*main"\ (r?-m?n"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Remained}
(-m?nd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Remaining}.] [OF. remaindre,
remanoir, L. remanere; pref. re- re- + manere to stay,
remain. See {Mansion}, and cf. {Remainder}, {Remnant}.]
1. To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left after
others have been removed or destroyed; to be left after a
number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be
left as not included or comprised.
Gather up the fragments that remain. --John vi. 12.
Of whom the greater part remain unto this present,
but some are fallen asleep. --1 Cor. xv.
6.
That . . . remains to be proved. --Locke.
2. To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or
undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to
last.
Remain a widow at thy father's house. --Gen.
xxxviii. 11.
Childless thou art; childless remain. --Milton.
Syn: To continue; stay; wait; tarry; rest; sojourn; dwell;
abide; last; endure.
Remain \Re*main"\, v. t.
To await; to be left to. [Archaic]
The easier conquest now remains thee. --Milton.
Remainm \Re*main"m\ n.
1. State of remaining; stay. [Obs.]
Which often, since my here remain in England, I 've
seen him do. --Shak.
2. That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly in the
plural. ``The remains of old Rome.'' --Addison.
When this remain of horror has entirely subsided.
--Burke.
3. Specif., in the plural:
(a) That which is left of a human being after the life is
gone; relics; a dead body.
Old warriors whose adored remains In weeping
vaults her hallowed earth contains! --Pope.
(b) The posthumous works or productions, esp. literary
works, of one who is dead; as, Cecil's Remains.
Remainder \Re*main"der\ (r?-m?n"d?r), n. [OF. remaindre, inf.
See {Remain}.]
1. Anything that remains, or is left, after the separation
and removal of a part; residue; remnant. ``The last
remainders of unhappy Troy.'' --Dryden.
If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes
off clear, the remainder yields no salt.
--Arbuthnot.
2. (Math.) The quantity or sum that is left after
subtraction, or after any deduction.
3. (Law) An estate in expectancy, generally in land, which
becomes an estate in possession upon the determination of
a particular prior estate, created at the same time, and
by the same instrument; for example, if land be conveyed
to A for life, and on his death to B, A's life interest is
a particuar estate, and B's interest is a remainder, or
estate in remainder.
Syn: Balance; rest; residue; remnant; leavings.
Remainder \Re*main"der\, a.
Remaining; left; left over; refuse.
Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit After a
voyage. --Shak.
Remainder-man \Re*main"der-man\ (- m[a^]n), n.; pl.
{Remainder-men} (-m[e^]n). (Law)
One who has an estate after a particular estate is
determined. See {Remainder}, n., 3. --Blackstone.
Remake \Re*make"\ (r?-m?k"), v. t.
To make anew.
Remand \Re*mand"\ (r?-m?nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Remanded}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Remanding}.] [F. remander to send word again,
L. remandare; pref. re- re- + mandare to commit, order, send
word. See {Mandate}.]
To recommit; to send back.
Remand it to its former place. --South.
Then were they remanded to the cage again. --Bunyan.
Remand \Re*mand"\, n.
The act of remanding; the order for recommitment.
Remandment \Re*mand"ment\ (-ment), n.
A remand.
Remanence \Rem"a*nence\ (r?m"?*nens), Remanency \Rem"a*nen*cy\
(-nen*s?), n. [Cf. OF. remanence, LL. remanentia, fr. L.
remanens. See {Remanent}, a.]
The state of being remanent; continuance; permanence. [R.]
--Jer. Taylor.
The remanence of the will in the fallen spirit.
--Coleridge.
Remanent \Rem"a*nent\ (-nent), n. [See {Remanent}, a.]
That which remains; a remnant; a residue.
Remanent \Rem"a*nent\, a. [L. remanens, p. pr. of remanere. See
{Remain}, and cf. {Remnant}.]
Remaining; residual.
That little hope that is remanent hath its degree
according to the infancy or growth of the habit. --Jer.
Taylor.
{Remanent magnetism} (Physics), magnetism which remains in a
body that has little coercive force after the magnetizing
force is withdrawn, as soft iron; -- called also {residual
magnetism}.
Remanet \Rem"a*net\ (-n?t), n. [L., it remains.] (Legal
Practice)
A case for trial which can not be tried during the term; a
postponed case. [Eng.]
Re-mark \Re-mark"\ (r?-m?rk"), v. t. [Pref. re- + mark.]
To mark again, or a second time; to mark anew.
Remark \Re*mark"\ (r?-m?rk"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Remarked}
(-m?rkt"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Remarking}.] [F. remarquer; pref.
re- re- + marquer to mark, marque a mark, of German origin,
akin to E. mark. See {Mark}, v.& n.]
1. To mark in a notable manner; to distinquish clearly; to
make noticeable or conspicuous; to piont out. [Obs.]
Thou art a man remarked to taste a mischief. --Ford.
His manacles remark him; there he sits. --Milton.
2. To take notice of, or to observe, mentally; as, to remark
the manner of a speaker.
3. To express in words or writing, as observed or noticed; to
state; to say; -- often with a substantive clause; as, he
remarked that it was time to go.
Syn: To observe; notice; heed; regard; note; say.
Usage: {Remark}, {Observe}, {Notice}. To observe is to keep
or hold a thing distinctly before the mind. To remark
is simply to mark or take note of whatever may come
up. To notice implies still less continuity of
attention. When we turn from these mental states to
the expression of them in language, we find the same
distinction. An observation is properly the result of
somewhat prolonged thought; a remark is usually
suggested by some passing occurence; a notice is in
most cases something cursory and short. This
distinction is not always maintained as to remark and
observe, which are often used interchangeably.
``Observing men may form many judgments by the rules
of similitude and proportion.'' --I. Watts. ''He can
not distinguish difficult and noble speculations from
trifling and vulgar remarks.'' --Collier. ''The thing
to be regarded, in taking notice of a child's
miscarriage, is what root it springs from.'' --Locke.
Remark \Re*mark"\ (r?-m?rk"), v. i.
To make a remark or remarks; to comment.
Remark \Re*mark"\, n. [Cf. F. remarque.]
1. Act of remarking or attentively noticing; notice or
observation.
The cause, though worth the search, may yet elude
Conjecture and remark, however shrewd. --Cowper.
2. The expression, in speech or writing, of something
remarked or noticed; the mention of that which is worthy
of attention or notice; hence, also, a casual observation,
comment, or statement; as, a pertinent remark.
Syn: Observation; note; comment; annotation.
Remarkable \Re*mark"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a. [F. remarquable.]
Worthy of being remarked or noticed; noticeable; conspicuous;
hence, uncommon; extraordinary.
'T is remarkable, that they Talk most who have the
least to say. --Prior.
There is nothing left remarlable Beneath the visiting
moon. --Shak.
Syn: Observable; noticeable; extraordinary; unusual; rare;
strange; wonderful; notable; eminent. --
{Re*mark"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Re*mark"a*bly}, adv.
Remarker \Re*mark"er\ (-?r), n.
One who remarks.
Remarriage \Re*mar"riage\ (r?-m?r"r?j), n.
A second or repeated marriage.
Remarry \Re*mar"ry\ (r?-m?r"rr?), v. t. & i.
To marry again.
Remast \Re*mast"\ (r?-m?st"), v. t.
To furnish with a new mast or set of masts.
Remasticate \Re*mas"ti*cate\ (r?-m?s"t?-k?t), v. t.
To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over, as the
cud.
Remastication \Re*mas`ti*ca"tion\ (-k?"sh?n), n.
The act of masticating or chewing again or repeatedly.
Remberge \Rem"berge\ (r?m"b?rj), n.
See {Ramberge}.
Remblai \Rem`blai"\ (r?n`bl?"), n. [F., fr. remblayer to fill up
an excavation, to embank.] (Fort. & Engin.)
Earth or materials made into a bank after having been
excavated.
Remble \Rem"ble\ (r?m"b'l), v. t. [Cf. OF. embler to steal, fr.
L. involare to fly into or at, to carry off.]
To remove. [Prov. Eng.] --Grose. Tennyson.
Reme \Reme\ (r?m), n.
Realm. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Remean \Re*mean"\ (r?-m?n"), v. t.
To give meaning to; to explain the meaning of; to interpret.
[Obs.] --Wyclif.
Remeant \Re"me*ant\ (r?"m?*ant), a. [L. remeans, -antis, p. pr.
of remeare to go or come back.]
Coming back; returning. [R.] ``Like the remeant sun.'' --C.
Kingsley.
Remeasure \Re*meas"ure\ (r?-m?zh"?r; 135), v. t.
To measure again; to retrace.
They followed him . . . The way they came, their steps
remeasured right. --Fairfax.
Remede \Re*mede"\ (r?-m?d"), n.
Remedy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Remediable \Re*me"di*a*ble\ (r?-m?"d?-?-b'l), a. [L.
remediabilis: cf. F. rem['e]diable.]
Capable of being remedied or cured. -- {Re*me"di*a*ble*ness},
n. -{Re*me"di*a*bly}, adv.
Remedial \Re*me"di*al\ (-al), a. [L. remedialis.]
Affording a remedy; intended for a remedy, or for the removal
or abatement of an evil; as, remedial treatment.
Statutes are declaratory or remedial. --Blackstone.
It is an evil not compensated by any beneficial result;
it is not remedial, not conservative. --I. Taylor.
Remedially \Re*me"di*al*ly\, adv.
In a remedial manner.
Remediate \Re*me"di*ate\ (-?t), a.
Remedial. [R.] --Shak.
Remediless \Re*med"i*less\ (r?-m?d"?-l?s or r?m"?-d?-l?s; 277),
a.
1. Not admitting of a remedy; incapable of being restored or
corrected; incurable; irreparable; as, a remediless
mistake or loss. ``Chains remedilesse.'' --Spenser.
Hopeless are all my evils, all remediless. --Milton.
2. Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual. [Obs.]
Forced to forego the attempt remediless. --Spenser.
Syn: Incurable; cureless; irremediable; irrecoverable;
irretrievable; irreparable; desperate. --
{Re*med"i*less}, adv. [Obs.] --Udall. --
{Re*med"i*less*ly}, adv. -- {Re*med"i*less*ness}, n.
Remedy \Rem"e*dy\ (r?m"?-d?), n.; pl. {Remedies} (-d?z). [L.
remedium; pref. re- re- + mederi to heal, to cure: cf. F.
rem[`e]de remedy, rem['e]dier to remedy. See {Medical}.]
1. That which relieves or cures a disease; any medicine or
application which puts an end to disease and restores
health; -- with for; as, a remedy for the gout.
2. That which corrects or counteracts an evil of any kind; a
corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; -- followed
by for or against, formerly by to.
What may else be remedy or cure To evils which our
own misdeeds have wrought, He will instruct us.
--Milton.
3. (Law) The legal means to recover a right, or to obtain
redress for a wrong.
{Civil remedy}. See under {Civil}.
{Remedy of the mint} (Coinage), a small allowed deviation
from the legal standard of weight and fineness; -- called
also {tolerance}.
Syn: Cure; restorative; counteraction; reparation; redress;
relief; aid; help; assistance.
Remedy \Rem"e*dy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Remedied} (-d?d); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Remedying}.] [L. remediare, remediari: cf. F.
rem?dier. See {Remedy}, n.]
To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to
repair; to redress; to correct; to counteract.
I will remedy this gear ere long. --Shak.
Remelt \Re*melt"\ (r?-m?lt"), v. t.
To melt again.
Remember \Re*mem"ber\ (r?-m?m"b?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Remembered} (-b?rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Remembering}.] [OF.
remebrer, L. rememorari; pref. re- re- + memorare to bring to
remembrance, from memor mindful. See {Memory}, and cf.
{Rememorate}.]
1. To have ( a notion or idea) come into the mind again, as
previously perceived, known, or felt; to have a renewed
apprehension of; to bring to mind again; to think of
again; to recollect; as, I remember the fact; he remembers
the events of his childhood; I cannot remember dates.
We are said to remember anything, when the idea of
it arises in the mind with the consciousness that we
have had this idea before. --I. Watts.
2. To be capable of recalling when required; to keep in mind;
to be continually aware or thoughtful of; to preserve
fresh in the memory; to attend to; to think of with
gratitude, affection, respect, or any other emotion.
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. --Ex. xx.
8.
That they may have their wages duly paid 'em, And
something over to remember me by. --Shak.
Remember what I warn thee; shun to taste. --Milton.
3. To put in mind; to remind; -- also used reflexively and
impersonally. [Obs.] ``Remembering them the trith of what
they themselves known.'' --Milton.
My friends remembered me of home. --Chapman.
Remember you of passed heaviness. --Chaucer.
And well thou wost [knowest] if it remember thee.
--Chaucer.
4. To mention. [Obs.] ``As in many cases hereafter to be
remembered.'' --Ayliffe.
5. To recall to the mind of another, as in the friendly
messages, remember me to him, he wishes to be remembered
to you, etc.
Remember \Re*mem"ber\ (r?-m?m"b?r), v. i.
To execise or have the power of memory; as, some remember
better than others. --Shak.
Rememberable \Re*mem"ber*a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable or worthy of being remembered. -- {Re*mem"ber*a*bly},
adv.
The whole vale of Keswick is so rememberable. --Coleridge.
Rememberer \Re*mem"ber*er\ (-?r), n.
One who remembers.
Remembrance \Re*mem"brance\ (-brans), n. [OF. remembrance.]
1. The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or bringing to
mind; recollection.
Lest fierce remembrance wake my sudden rage.
--Milton.
Lest the remembrance of his grief should fail.
--Addison.
2. The state of being remembered, or held in mind; memory;
recollection.
This, ever grateful, in remembrance bear. --Pope.
3. Something remembered; a person or thing kept in memory.
--Shak.
4. That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a memorial;
a token; a memento; a souvenir; a memorandum or note of
something to be remembered.
And on his breast a bloody cross he bore, The dear
remembrance of his dying Lord. --Spenser.
Keep this remembrance for thy Julia's sake. --Shak.
5. Something to be remembered; counsel; admoni??on;
instruction. [Obs.] --Shak.
6. Power of remembering; reach of personal knowledge; period
over which one's memory extends.
Thee I have heard relating what was done Ere my
remembrance. --Milton.
Syn: Recollection; reminiscence. See {Memory}.
Remembrancer \Re*mem"bran*cer\ (-bran-s?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, serves to bring to, or keep in,
mind; a memento; a memorial; a reminder.
Premature consiolation is but the remembrancer of
sorrow. --Goldsmith.
Ye that are the lord's remembrancers. --Isa. lxii.
6. (Rev.
Ver.).
2. A term applied in England to several officers, having
various functions, their duty originally being to bring
certain matters to the attention of the proper persons at
the proper time. ``The remembrancer of the lord treasurer
in the exchequer.'' --Bacon.
Rememorate \Re*mem"o*rate\ (-?-r?t), v. i. [L. rememoratus, p.
p. of rememorari. See {Remember}.]
To recall something by means of memory; to remember. [Obs.]
--Bryskett.
Rememoratuin \Re*mem`o*ra"tuin\ (-r?"sh?n), n. [F. rem?moration,
or L. rememoratio.]
A recalling by the faculty of memory; remembrance. [Obs. &
R.] --Bp. Montagu.
Rememorative \Re*mem"o*ra*tive\ (r?-mEm"?-r?-t?v), a.
Tending or serving to remind. [R.]
Remenant \Rem"e*nant\ (r?m"?-nant), n.
A remnant. [Obs.]
Remercie \Re*mer"cie\, Remercy \Re*mer"cy\ (r[-e]-m[~e]r"s[y^]),
v. t. [F. remercier; pref. re- re- + OF. mercier to thank,
from OF. & F. merci. See {Mercy}.]
To thank. [Obs.]
She him remercied as the patron of her life. --Spenser.
Remerge \Re*merge"\ (r?-m?rj"), v. i.
To merge again. ``Remerging in the general Soul.''
--Tennyson.
Remeve \Re*meve"\ (r?-mEv"), Remewe \Re*mewe"\ (r?-m?"), v. t. &
i.
To remove. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Remiform \Rem"i*form\ (r?m"?*f?rm), a. [L. remus oar + -form.]
Shaped like an oar.
Remiges \Rem"i*ges\ (r?m"?*j?z), n. pl.; sing. {Remex}.
(r?"m?ks). [L. remex, -igis, an oarsman.] (Zo["o]l.)
The quill feathers of the wings of a bird.
Remigrate \Rem"i*grate\ (r?m"?-gr?t or r?-m?"gr?t; 277), v. i.
[L. remigrare. See {Re}-, and {Migrate}.]
To migrate again; to go back; to return. --Boyle.
Remigration \Rem`i*gra"tion\ (r?m`?-gr?"sh?n), n.
Migration back to the place from which one came. --Sir M.
Hale.
Remind \Re*mind"\ (r?-m?nd"), v. t.
To put (one) in mind of something; to bring to the
remembrance of; to bring to the notice or consideration of (a
person).
When age itself, which will not be defied, shall begin
to arrest, seize, and remind us of our mortality.
--South.
Reminder \Re*mind"er\ (-?r), n.
One who, or that which, reminds; that which serves to awaken
remembrance.
Remindful \Re**mind"ful\ (f?l), a.
Tending or adapted to remind; careful to remind. --Southey.
Reminiscence \Rem`i*nis"cence\ (r?m`?-n?s"sens), n. [F.
r['e]miniscence, L. reminiscentia.]
1. The act or power of recalling past experience; the state
of being reminiscent; remembrance; memory.
The other part of memory, called reminiscence, which
is the retrieving of a thing at present forgot, or
but confusedly remembered. --South.
I forgive your want of reminiscence, since it is
long since I saw you. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a statement
or narration of remembered experience; a recollection; as,
pleasing or painful reminiscences.
Syn: Remembrance; recollection. See {Memory}.
Reminiscency \Rem`i*nis"cen*cy\ (-sen-s?), n.
Reminiscence. [Obs.]
Reminiscent \Rem`i*nis"cent\ (-sent), a. [L. reminiscens,
-entis, p. pr. of reminisci to recall to mind, to recollect;
pref. re- re + a word akin to mens mind, memini I remember.
See {Mind}.]
Recalling to mind, or capable of recalling to mind; having
remembrance; reminding one of something.
Some other of existence of which we have been
previously conscious, and are now reminiscent. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Reminiscent \Rem`i*nis"cent\ (r?m`?-n?s"sent), n.
One who is addicted to indulging, narrating, or recording
reminiscences.
Reminiscential \Rem`i*nis*cen"tial\ (-n?s-s?n"shal), a.
Of or pertaining to reminiscence, or remembrance. --Sir T.
Browne.
Remiped \Rem"i*ped\ (r?m"?-p?d), a. [L. remus oar + pes, pedis,
foot: cf. F. r['e]mip[`e]de.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having feet or legs that are used as oars; -- said of certain
crustaceans and insects.
Remiped \Rem"i*ped\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An animal having limbs like oars, especially one of
certain crustaceans.
(b) One of a group of aquatic beetles having tarsi adapted
for swimming. See {Water beetle}.
Remise \Re*mise"\ (r?-m?z"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Remised}
(-m?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Remising}.] [F. remise delivery,
surrender, fr. remettre to put back, deliver, L. remittere.
See {Remit}.]
To send, give, or grant back; to release a claim to; to
resign or surrender by deed; to return. --Blackstone.
Remise \Re*mise"\, n. (Law)
A giving or granting back; surrender; return; release, as of
a claim.
Remiss \Re*miss"\ (r?-m?s"), a. [L. remissus, p. p. of remittere
to send back, relax. See {Remit}.]
Not energetic or exact in duty or business; not careful or
prompt in fulfilling engagements; negligent; careless; tardy;
behindhand; lagging; slack; hence, lacking earnestness or
activity; languid; slow.
Thou never wast remiss, I bear thee witness. --Milton.
These nervous, bold; those languid and remiss.
--Roscommon.
Its motion becomes more languid and remiss. --Woodward.
Syn: Slack; dilatory; slothful; negligent; careless;
neglectful; inattentive; heedles; thoughtless.
Remiss \Re*miss"\, n.
The act of being remiss; inefficiency; failure. [Obs.]
``Remisses of laws.'' --Puttenham.
Remissful \Re*miss"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Inclined to remit punishment; lenient; clement. --Drayton.
Remissibility \Re*mis`si*bil"i*ty\ (r?-m?s`s?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The state or quality of being remissible. --Jer. Taylor.
Remissible \Re*mis"si*ble\ (r?-m?s"s?-b'l), a. [L. remissibilis:
cf. F. r['e]missible. See {Remit}.]
Capable of being remitted or forgiven. --Feltham.
Remission \Re*mis"sion\ (r?-m?sh"?n), n. [F. r['e]mission, L.
remissio. See {Remit}.]
1. The act of remitting, surrendering, resigning, or giving
up.
2. Discharge from that which is due; relinquishment of a
claim, right, or obligation; pardon of transgression;
release from forfeiture, penalty, debt, etc.
This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed
for many for the remission of sins. --Matt. xxvi.
28.
That ples, therefore, . . . Will gain thee no
remission. --Milton.
3. Diminution of intensity; abatement; relaxation.
4. (Med.) A temporary and incomplete subsidence of the force
or violence of a disease or of pain, as destinguished from
intermission, in which the disease completely leaves the
patient for a time; abatement.
5. The act of sending back. [R.] --Stackhouse.
6. Act of sending in payment, as money; remittance.
Remissive \Re*mis"sive\ (r?-m?s"s?v), a. [L. remissivus. See
{Remit}.]
Remitting; forgiving; abating. --Bp. Hacket.
Remissly \Re*miss"ly\ (r?-m?s"l?), adv.
In a remiss or negligent manner; carelessly.
Remissness \Re*miss"ness\, n.
Quality or state of being remiss.
Remissory \Re*mis"so*ry\ (r?-m?s"s?-r?), a.
Serving or tending to remit, or to secure remission;
remissive. ``A sacrifice expiatory or remissory.'' --Latimer.
Remit \Re*mit"\ (r?-m?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Remitted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Remitting}.] [L. remittere, remissum, to send
back, to slacken, relax; pref. re- re- + mittere to send. See
{Mission}, and cf. {Remise}, {Remiss}.]
1. To send back; to give up; to surrender; to resign.
In the case the law remits him to his ancient and
more certain right. --Blackstone.
In grevious and inhuman crimes, offenders should be
remitted to their prince. --Hayward.
The prisoner was remitted to the guard. --Dryden.
2. To restore. [Obs.]
The archbishop was . . . remitted to his liberty.
--Hayward.
3. (Com.) To transmit or send, esp. to a distance, as money
in payment of a demand, account, draft, etc.; as, he
remitted the amount by mail.
4. To send off or away; hence:
(a) To refer or direct (one) for information, guidance,
help, etc. ``Remitting them . . . to the works of
Galen.'' --Sir T. Elyot.
(b) To submit, refer, or leave (something) for judgment or
decision. ``Whether the counsel be good I remit it to
the wise readers.'' --Sir T. Elyot.
5. To relax in intensity; to make less violent; to abate.
So willingly doth God remit his ire. --Milton.
6. To forgive; to pardon; to remove.
Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto
them. --John xx. 23.
7. To refrain from exacting or enforcing; as, to remit the
performance of an obligation. ``The sovereign was
undoubtedly competent to remit penalties.'' --Macaulay.
Syn: To relax; release; abate; relinguish; forgive; pardon;
absolve.
Remit \Re*mit"\, v. i.
1. To abate in force or in violence; to grow less intense; to
become moderated; to abate; to relax; as, a fever remits;
the severity of the weather remits.
2. To send money, as in payment. --Addison.
Remitment \Re*mit"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of remitting, or the state of being remitted;
remission.
Disavowing the remitment of Claudius. --Milton.
Remittal \Re*mit"tal\ (-tal), n.
A remitting; a giving up; surrender; as, the remittal of the
first fruits. --Swift.
Remittance \Re*mit"tance\ (r?-m?t"tans), n.
1. The act of transmitting money, bills, or the like, esp. to
a distant place, as in satisfaction of a demand, or in
discharge of an obligation.
2. The sum or thing remitted. --Addison.
Remittee \Re*mit`tee"\ (r?-m?t`t?"), n. (Com.)
One to whom a remittance is sent.
Remittent \Re*mit"tent\ (r?-m?t"tent), a. [L. remittens, p. pr.
: cf. F. r['e]mittent.]
Remitting; characterized by remission; having remissions.
{Remittent fever} (Med.), a fever in which the symptoms
temporarily abate at regular intervals, but do not wholly
cease. See {Malarial fever}, under {Malarial}.
Remitter \Re*mit"ter\ (-t?r), n.
1. One who remits. Specifically:
(a) One who pardons.
(b) One who makes remittance.
2. (Law) The sending or placing back of a person to a title
or right he had before; the restitution of one who obtains
possession of property under a defective title, to his
rights under some valid title by virtue of which he might
legally have entered into possession only by suit.
--Bouvier.
Remittitur \Re*mit"ti*tur\ (-t?-t?r), n. [L., (it) is remitted.]
(Law)
(a) A remission or surrender, -- remittitur damnut being a
remission of excess of damages.
(b) A sending back, as when a record is remitted by a
superior to an inferior court. --Wharton.
Remittor \Re*mit"tor\ (-t?r), n. (Law)
One who makes a remittance; a remitter.
Remix \Re*mix"\ (r?-m?ks"), v. t.
To mix again or repeatedly.
Remnant \Rem"nant\ (r?m"nant), a. [OF. remanant, p. pr. of
remanoir, remaindre. See {Remanent}, {Remain}.]
Remaining; yet left. [R.] ``Because of the remnant dregs of
his disease.'' --Fuller.
And quiet dedicate her remnant life To the just duties
of an humble wife. --Prior.
Remnant \Rem"nant\, n. [OF. remanant. See {Remnant}, a.]
1. That which remains after a part is removed, destroyed,
used up, performed, etc.; residue. --Chaucer.
The remnant that are left of the captivity. --Neh.
i. 3.
The remnant of my tale is of a length To tire your
patience. --Dryden.
2. A small portion; a slight trace; a fragment; a little bit;
a scrap.
Some odd quirks and remnants of wit. --Shak.
3. (Com.) An unsold end of piece goods, as cloth, ribbons,
carpets, etc.
Syn: Residue; rest; remains; remainder.
Remodel \Re*mod"el\ (r?-m?d"?l), v. t.
To model or fashion anew; to change the form of.
The corporation had been remodeled. --Macaulay.
Remodification \Re*mod`i*fi*ca"tion\ (-?-f?-k?"sh?n), n.
The act of remodifying; the state of being remodified.
Remodify \Re*mod"i*fy\ (r?-m?d"?-f?), v. t.
To modify again or anew; to reshape.
R'emolade \R['e]`mo`lade"\ (r?`m?`l?d"), R'emoulad
\R['e]`mou`lad"\ (r?`m??`l?d"), n. [F.]
A kind of piquant sauce or salad dressing resembling
mayonnaise.
Remold \Re*mold"\, Remould \Re*mould"\ (r[=e]*m[=o]ld"), v. t.
To mold or shape anew or again; to reshape.
Remollient \Re*mol"lient\ (r?-m?l"yent or -l?-ent), a. [L.
remolliens, p. pr. of remollire to mollify: cf. F.
r['e]mollient. See {Mollient}.]
Mollifying; softening. [R.]
Remonetization \Re*mon`e*ti*za"tion\ (r?-m?n`?-t?-z?"sh?n or
-m?n`-), n.
The act of remonetizing.
Remonetize \Re*mon"e*tize\ (-t?z), v. t.
To restore to use as money; as, to remonetize silver.
Remonstrance \Re*mon"strance\ (-m?n"strans), n. [Cf. OF.
remonstrance, F. remonstrance. See {Remonstrate}.]
1. The act of remonstrating; as:
(a) A pointing out; manifestation; proof; demonstration.
[Obs.]
You may marvel why I . . . would not rather Make
rash remonstrance of my hidden power Than let
him be so lost. --Shak.
(b) Earnest presentation of reason in opposition to
something; protest; expostulation.
2. (R.C.Ch.) Same as {Monstrance}.
Remonstrant \Re*mon"strant\ (-strant), a. [LL. remonstranc,
-antis, p. pr. of remonstrare: cf. OF. remonstrant, F.
remontrant.]
Inclined or tending to remonstrate; expostulatory; urging
reasons in opposition to something.
Remonstrant \Re*mon"strant\, n.
One who remonstrates; specifically (Eccl. Hist.), one of the
Arminians who remonstrated against the attacks of the
Calvinists in 1610, but were subsequently condemned by the
decisions of the Synod of Dort in 1618. See {Arminian}.
Remonstrantly \Re*mon"strant*ly\, adv.
In a remonstrant manner.
Remonstrate \Re*mon"strate\ (-str?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Remonstrated} (-str?*t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Remonstrating}.]
[LL. remonstratus, p. p. of remonstrare to remonstrate; L.
pref. re- + monstrare to show. See {Monster}.]
To point out; to show clearly; to make plain or manifest;
hence, to prove; to demonstrate. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
I will remonstrate to you the third door. --B. Jonson.
Remonstrate \Re*mon"strate\, v. i.
To present and urge reasons in opposition to an act, measure,
or any course of proceedings; to expostulate; as, to
remonstrate with a person regarding his habits; to
remonstrate against proposed taxation.
It is proper business of a divine to state cases of
conscience, and to remonstrate against any growing
corruptions in practice, and especially in principles.
--Waterland.
Syn: {Expostulate}, {Remonstrate}.
Usage: These words are commonly interchangeable, the
principal difference being that expostulate is now
used especially to signify remonstrance by a superior
or by one in authority. A son remonstrates against the
harshness of a father; a father expostulates with his
son on his waywardness. Subjects remonstrate with
their rulers; sovereigns expostulate with the
parliament or the people.
Remonstration \Re`mon*stra"tion\ (r?`m?n*str?"sh?n), n. [Cf. OF.
remonstration, LL. remonstratio.]
The act of remonstrating; remonstrance. [R.] --Todd.
Remonstrative \Re*mon"stra*tive\ (r?*m?n"str?*t?v), a.
Having the character of a remonstrance; expressing
remonstrance.
Remonstrator \Re*mon"stra*tor\ (r?*m?n"str?*t?r), n.
One who remonstrates; a remonsrant. --Bp. Burnet.
Remontant \Re*mon"tant\ (-tant), a.[F.] (Hort.)
Rising again; -- applied to a class of roses which bloom more
than once in a season; the hybrid perpetual roses, of which
the Jacqueminot is a well-known example.
Remontoir \Re*mon`toir"\ (re-m{?n}"tw?r"; E. r?-m?n"tw?r), n.
[F.] (Horology)
See under {Escapement}.
Remora \Rem"o*ra\ (r?m"?*r?), n. [L.: cf. F. r['e]mora.]
1. Delay; obstacle; hindrance. [Obs.] --Milton.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of fishes belonging
to {Echeneis}, {Remora}, and allied genera. Called also
{sucking fish}.
Note: The anterior dorsal fin is converted into a large
sucking disk, having two transverse rows of lamell[ae],
situated on the top of the head. They adhere firmly to
sharks and other large fishes and to vessels by this
curious sucker, letting go at will. The pegador, or
remora of sharks ({Echeneis naucrates}), and the
swordfish remora ({Remora brachyptera}), are common
American species.
3. (Surg.) An instrument formerly in use, intended to retain
parts in their places. --Dunglison.
Remorate \Rem"o*rate\ (-r?t), v. t. [L. remoratus, p. p. of
remorari; pref. re- re- + morari to delay.]
To hinder; to delay. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Remord \Re*mord"\ (r?-m?rd"), v. t. [L. remordere to bite again,
to torment: cf. F. remordre. See {Remorse}.]
To excite to remorse; to rebuke. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Remord \Re*mord"\, v. i.
To feel remorse. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot.
Remordency \Re*mord"en*cy\ (-en*s?), n.
Remorse; compunction; compassion. [Obs.] --Killingbeck.
Remorse \Re*morse"\ (r?*m?rs"), n. [OE. remors, OF. remors,F.
remords, LL. remorsus, fr. L. remordere, remorsum, to bite
again or back, to torment; pref. re- re- + mordere to bite.
See {Morsel}.]
1. The anguish, like gnawing pain, excited by a sense of
guilt; compunction of conscience for a crime committed, or
for the sins of one's past life. ``Nero will be tainted
with remorse.'' --Shak.
2. Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion.
Curse on the unpardoning prince, whom tears can draw
To no remorse. --Dryden.
But evermore it seem'd an easier thing At once
without remorse to strike her dead. --Tennyson.
Syn: Compunction; regret; anguish; grief; compassion. See
{Compunction}.
Remorsed \Re*morsed"\ (r?-m?rst"), a.
Feeling remorse. [Obs.]
Remorseful \Re*morse"ful\ (-m?rs"f?l), a.
1. Full of remorse.
The full tide of remorseful passion had abated.
--Sir W.
Scott.
2. Compassionate; feeling tenderly. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. Exciting pity; pitiable. [Obs.] --Chapman. --
{Re*morse"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Re*morse"ful*ness}, n.
Remorseless \Re*morse"less\, a.
Being without remorse; having no pity; hence, destitute of
sensibility; cruel; insensible to distress; merciless.
``Remorseless adversaries.'' --South. ``With remorseless
cruelty.'' --Milton.
Syn: Unpitying; pitiless; relentless; unrelenting;
implacable; merciless; unmerciful; savage; cruel. --
{Re*morse"less*ly}, adv. -- {Re*morse"less*ness}, n.
Remote \Re*mote"\ (r?-m?t"), a. [Compar. {Remoter} (-?r);
superl. {Remotest}.] [L. remotus, p. p. of removere to
remove. See {Remove}.]
1. Removed to a distance; not near; far away; distant; --
said in respect to time or to place; as, remote ages;
remote lands.
Places remote enough are in Bohemia. --Shak.
Remote from men, with God he passed his days.
--Parnell.
2. Hence, removed; not agreeing, according, or being related;
-- in various figurative uses. Specifically:
(a) Not agreeing; alien; foreign. ``All these
propositions, how remote soever from reason.''
--Locke.
(b) Not nearly related; not close; as, a remote connection
or consanguinity.
(c) Separate; abstracted. ``Wherever the mind places
itself by any thought, either amongst, or remote from,
all bodies.'' --Locke.
(d) Not proximate or acting directly; primary; distant.
``From the effect to the remotest cause.''
--Granville.
(e) Not obvious or sriking; as, a remote resemblance.
3. (Bot.) Separated by intervals greater than usual. --
{Re*mote"ly}, adv. -- {Re*mote"ness}, n.
Remotion \Re*mo"tion\ (r?-m?"sh?n), n. [L. remotio. See
{Remove}.]
1. The act of removing; removal. [Obs.]
This remotion of the duke and her Is practice only.
--Shak.
2. The state of being remote; remoteness. [R.]
The whitish gleam [of the stars] was the mask
conferred by the enormity of their remotion. --De
Quincey.
Remould \Re*mould"\ (r?-m?ld"), v. t.
See {Remold}.
Remount \Re*mount"\ (r?-mount"), v. t. & i.
To mount again.
Remount \Re*mount"\, n.
The opportunity of, or things necessary for, remounting;
specifically, a fresh horse, with his equipments; as, to give
one a remount.
Removable \Re*mov"a*ble\ (r?-m??v"?-b'l), a.
Admitting of being removed. --Ayliffe. -- {Re*mov`a*bil"i*ty}
(-?-b?l"?-t?), n.
Removal \Re*mov"al\ (-al), n.
The act of removing, or the state of being removed.
Remove \Re*move"\ (r?-m??v"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Removed}
(-m??vd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Removing}.] [OF. removoir,
remouvoir, L. removere, remotum; pref. re- re- + movere to
move. See {Move}.]
1. To move away from the position occupied; to cause to
change place; to displace; as, to remove a building.
Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landmark.
--Deut. xix.
14.
When we had dined, to prevent the ladies' leaving
us, I generally ordered the table to be removed.
--Goldsmith.
2. To cause to leave a person or thing; to cause to cease to
be; to take away; hence, to banish; to destroy; to put an
end to; to kill; as, to remove a disease. ``King Richard
thus removed.'' --Shak.
3. To dismiss or discharge from office; as, the President
removed many postmasters.
Note: See the Note under {Remove}, v. i.
Remove \Re*move"\ (r?-m??v"), v. i.
To change place in any manner, or to make a change in place;
to move or go from one residence, position, or place to
another.
Till Birnam wood remove to Dunsinane, I can not taint
with fear. --Shak.
Note: The verb remove, in some of its application, is
synonymous with move, but not in all. Thus we do not
apply remove to a mere change of posture, without a
change of place or the seat of a thing. A man moves his
head when he turns it, or his finger when he bends it,
but he does not remove it. Remove usually or always
denotes a change of place in a body, but we never apply
it to a regular, continued course or motion. We never
say the wind or water, or a ship, removes at a certain
rate by the hour; but we say a ship was removed from
one place in a harbor to another. Move is a generic
term, including the sense of remove, which is more
generally applied to a change from one station or
permanent position, stand, or seat, to another station.
Remove \Re*move"\, n.
1. The act of removing; a removal.
This place should be at once both school and
university, not needing a remove to any other house
of scholarship. --Milton.
And drags at each remove a lengthening chain.
--Goldsmith.
2. The transfer of one's business, or of one's domestic
belongings, from one location or dwelling house to
another; -- in the United States usually called a move.
It is an English proverb that three removes are as
bad as a fire. --J. H.
Newman.
3. The state of being removed. --Locke.
4. That which is removed, as a dish removed from table to
make room for something else.
5. The distance or space through which anything is removed;
interval; distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in any
scale of gradation; specifically, a division in an English
public school; as, the boy went up two removes last year.
A freeholder is but one remove from a legislator.
--Addison.
6. (Far.) The act of resetting a horse's shoe. --Swift.
Removed \Re*moved"\ (r?-m??vd"), a.
1. Changed in place.
2. Dismissed from office.
3. Distant in location; remote. ``Something finer than you
could purchase in so removed a dwelling.'' --Shak.
4. Distant by degrees in relationship; as, a cousin once
removed. -- {Re*mov"ed*ness} (r?-m??v"?d-n?s), n. --Shak.
Remover \Re*mov"er\ (-?r), n.
One who removes; as, a remover of landmarks. --Bacon.
Remuable \Re*mu"a*ble\ (r?-m?"?-b'l), a. [F.]
That may be removed; removable. [Obs.] --Gower.
Remue \Re*mue"\ (r?-m?"), v. t. [F. remuer. See {Mew} to molt.]
To remove. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Remugient \Re*mu"gi*ent\ (r?-m?"j?-ent), a. [L. remugiens, p.
pr. of remugire. See {Mugient}.]
Rebellowing. --Dr. H. More.
Remunerable \Re**mu"ner*a*ble\ (r?-m?"n?r-?-b'l), a. [See
{Remunerate}.]
Admitting, or worthy, of remuneration. --
{Re*mu`ner*a*bil"i*ty} (r?-m?"n?r-?-b?l"i-t?), n.
Remunerate \Re*mu"ner*ate\ (-?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Remunerated} (-?"t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Remunerating}.] [L.
remuneratus, p. p. of remunerare, remunerari; pref. re- re- +
munerare, munerari, to give, present, from munus, muneris, a
gift, present. Cf. {Munificent}.]
To pay an equivalent to for any service, loss, expense, or
other sacrifice; to recompense; to requite; as, to remunerate
men for labor.
Syn: To reward; recompense; compensate; satisfy; requite;
repay; pay; reimburse.
Remuneration \Re*mu`ner*a"tion\ (-?"sh?n), n. [L. remuneratio:
cf. F. r['e]mun['e]ration.]
1. The act of remunerating.
2. That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent given, as
for services, loss, or sufferings. --Shak.
Syn: Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment;
repayment; satisfaction; requital.
Remunerative \Re*mu"ner*a*tive\ (r?-m?"n?r-?-t?v), a. [Cf.F.
r['e]mun?ratif.]
Affording remuneration; as, a remunerative payment for
services; a remunerative business. -{Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ly},
adv. -- {Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ness}, n.
Remuneratory \Re*mu"ner*a*to*ry\ (-t?-r?), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]mun?ratoire.]
Remunerative. --Johnson.
Remurmur \Re*mur"mur\ (r?-m?r"m?r), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- +
murmur: cf. F. remurmurare.]
To murmur again; to utter back, or reply, in murmurs.
The trembling trees, in every plain and wood, Her fate
remurmur to the silver flood. --Pope.
Ren \Ren\ (r?n), v. t. & i.
See {Renne}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ren \Ren\, n.
A run. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Renable \Ren"a*ble\ (r?n"?-b'l), a. [OF. resnable.]
Reasonable; also, loquacious. [Obs.] ``Most renable of
tongue.'' --Piers Plowman. -- {Ren"a*bly}, adv. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Renaissance \Re*nais`sance"\ (F. re-n[asl]`s[aum]Ns"; E.
r[-e]-n[=a]s"sans), n. [F., fr. rena[^i]tre to be born again.
Cf. {Renascence}.]
A new birth, or revival. Specifically:
(a) The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the
revival of classical learning and art in Italy in the
15th century, and the similar revival following in other
countries.
(b) The style of art which prevailed at this epoch.
The Renaissance was rather the last stage of the
Middle Ages, emerging from ecclesiastical and
feudal despotism, developing what was original in
medi[ae]val ideas by the light of classic arts and
letters. --J. A.
Symonds
(Encyc.
Brit.).
Renaissant \Re*nais"sant\ (r?-n?s"sant), a.
Of or pertaining to the Renaissance.
Renal \Re"nal\ (r?"nal), a. [L. renalis, fr. renes the kidneys
or reins: cf. F. r['e]nal. See {Reins}.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the region of the
kidneys.
{Renal calculus} (Med.), a concretion formed in the excretory
passages of the kidney.
{Renal capsules} or {glands}, the suprarenal capsules. See
under {Capsule}.
{Renal casts}, {Renal colic}. (Med.) See under {Cast}, and
{Colic}.
Renal-portal \Re"nal-por`tal\ (r?"nal-p?r"tal), a. (Anat.)
Both renal and portal. See {Portal}.
Rename \Re*name"\ (r?*n?m"), v. t.
To give a new name to.
Renard \Ren"ard\ (r?n"?rd), n. [F. renard the fox, the name of
the fox in a celebrated epic poem, and of German origin, G.
Reinhard, OHG. Reginhard, properly, strong in counsel; regin
counsel (akin to Goth. ragin) + hart hard. See {Hard}.]
A fox; -- so called in fables or familiar tales, and in
poetry. [Written also {reynard}.]
Renardine \Ren"ard*ine\ (-?n), a.
Of or pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales in which
Renard is mentioned.
Renascence \Re*nas"cence\ (r?-n?s"sens), n. [See {Renascent},
and cf. {Renaissance}.]
1. The state of being renascent.
Read the Ph?nix, and see how the single image of
renascence is varied. --Coleridge.
2. Same as {Renaissance}.
The Renascence . . . which in art, in literature,
and in physics, produced such splendid fruits. --M.
Arnold.
Renascency \Re*nas"cen*cy\ (-sen-s?), n.
State of being renascent.
Renascent \Re*nas"cent\ (-sent), a. [L. renascens, p. pr. of
renasci to be born again; pref. re- re- + nasci to be born.
See {Nascent}.]
1. Springing or rising again into being; being born again, or
reproduced.
2. See {Renaissant}.
Renascible \Re*nas"ci*ble\ (-s?-b'l), a. [LL. renascibilis, from
L. renasci to be born again.]
Capable of being reproduced; ablle to spring again into
being.
Renate \Re*nate"\ (r?-n?t"), a. [L. renatus, p. p. of renasci.]
Born again; regenerate; renewed. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Renavigate \Re*nav"i*gate\ (r?-n?v"?-g?t), v. t.
To navigate again.
Renay \Re*nay"\ (r?-n?"), v. t. [OF. reneier, F. renier, F.
renier; L. pref. re- re- + negare to deny. See {Renegade}.]
To deny; to disown. [Obs.]
Rencontre \Ren*con"tre\ (r?n-k?n"t?r; F. r?N`{k?n}"tr'), n. [F.]
Same as {Rencounter}, n.
Rencounter \Ren*coun"ter\ (r?n-koun"t?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Rencountered} (-t?rd); p. pr. & vb/ n. {Rencountering}.] [F.
rencontrer; pref. re- + OF. encontrer to encounter. See
{Encounter}.]
1. To meet unexpectedly; to encounter.
2. To attack hand to hand. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Rencounter \Ren*coun"ter\, v. i.
To meet unexpectedly; to encounter in a hostile manner; to
come in collision; to skirmish.
Rencounter \Ren*coun"ter\, n. [F. rencontre, from renconter to
meet.]
1. A meeting of two persons or bodies; a collision;
especially, a meeting in opposition or contest; a combat,
action, or engagement.
The justling chiefs in rude rencounter join.
--Granville.
2. A causal combat or action; a sudden contest or fight
without premeditation, as between individuals or small
parties.
The confederates should . . . outnumber the enemy in
all rencounters and engagements. --Addison.
Syn: Combat; fight; conflict; collision; clash.
Rend \Rend\ (r[e^]nd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rent} (r?nt); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Rending}.] [AS. rendan, hrendan; cf. OFries. renda,
randa, Fries. renne to cut, rend, Icel. hrinda to push,
thrust, AS. hrindan; or cf. Icel. r?na to rob, plunder, Ir.
rannaim to divide, share, part, W. rhanu, Armor. ranna.]
1. To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to
tear asunder; to split; to burst; as, powder rends a rock
in blasting; lightning rends an oak.
The dreadful thunder Doth rend the region. --Shak.
2. To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force.
An empire from its old foundations rent. --Dryden.
I will surely rend the kingdom from thee. --1 Kings
xi. 11.
{To rap and rend}. See under {Rap}, v. t., to snatch.
Syn: To tear; burst; break; rupture; lacerate; fracture;
crack; split.
Rend \Rend\, v. i.
To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split.
--Jer. Taylor.
Render \Rend"er\ (-?r), n. [From {Rend}.]
One who rends.
Render \Ren"der\ (r?n"d?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rendered}
(-d?rd);p. pr. & vb. n. {Rendering}.] [F. rendre, LL. rendre,
fr. L. reddere; pref. red-, re-, re- + dare to give. See
{Date}time, and cf. {Reddition}, {Rent}.]
1. To return; to pay back; to restore.
Whose smallest minute lost, no riches render may.
--Spenser.
2. To inflict, as a retribution; to requite.
I will render vengeance to mine enemies. --Deut.
xxxii. 41.
3. To give up; to yield; to surrender.
I 'll make her render up her page to me. --Shak.
4. Hence, to furnish; to contribute.
Logic renders its daily service to wisdom and
virtue. --I. Watts.
5. To furnish; to state; to deliver; as, to render an
account; to render judgment.
6. To cause to be, or to become; as, to render a person more
safe or more unsafe; to render a fortress secure.
7. To translate from one language into another; as, to render
Latin into English.
8. To interpret; to set forth, represent, or exhibit; as, an
actor renders his part poorly; a singer renders a passage
of music with great effect; a painter renders a scene in a
felicitous manner.
He did render him the most unnatural That lived
amongst men. --Shak.
9. To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.) from fatty
animal substances; as, to render tallow.
10. To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the use of
lath.
Render \Ren"der\, v. i.
1. To give an account; to make explanation or confession.
[Obs.]
2. (Naut.) To pass; to run; -- said of the passage of a rope
through a block, eyelet, etc.; as, a rope renders well,
that is, passes freely; also, to yield or give way.
--Totten.
Render \Ren"der\, n.
1. A surrender. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. A return; a payment of rent.
In those early times the king's household was
supported by specific renders of corn and other
victuals from the tenants of the demains.
--Blackstone.
3. An account given; a statement. [Obs.] --Shak.
Renderable \Ren"der*a*ble\ (r?n"d?r-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being rendered.
Renderer \Ren"der*er\ (-?r), n.
1. One who renders.
2. A vessel in which lard or tallow, etc., is rendered.
Rendering \Ren"der*ing\, n.
The act of one who renders, or that which is rendered.
Specifically:
(a) A version; translation; as, the rendering of the Hebrew
text. --Lowth.
(b) In art, the presentation, expression, or interpretation
of an idea, theme, or part.
(c) The act of laying the first coat of plaster on brickwork
or stonework.
(d) The coat of plaster thus laid on. --Gwilt.
(e) The process of trying out or extracting lard, tallow,
etc., from animal fat.
Rendezvous \Ren"dez*vous\ (r?n"d?*v[=oo] or {r?n}"-; 277), n.;
pl. {Rendezvouses} (r?n"d?-v[=oo]`z?z).
Note: [Rare in the plural.] [F. rendez-vous, properly, render
yourselves, repair to a place. See {Render}.]
1. A place appointed for a meeting, or at which persons
customarily meet.
An inn, the free rendezvous of all travelers. --Sir
W. Scott.
2. Especially, the appointed place for troops, or for the
ships of a fleet, to assemble; also, a place for
enlistment.
The king appointed his whole army to be drawn
together to a rendezvous at Marlborough.
--Clarendon.
3. A meeting by appointment. --Sprat.
4. Retreat; refuge. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rendezvous \Ren"dez*vous\ (r[e^]n"d[e^]*v[=oo] or r[aum]N"-;
277), v. i. [imp. &. p. p. {Rendezvoused} (-v[=oo]d); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Rendezvousing} (-v[=oo]*[i^]ng).]
To assemble or meet at a particular place.
Rendezvous \Ren"dez*vous\, v. t.
To bring together at a certain place; to cause to be
assembled. --Echard.
Rendible \Rend"i*ble\ (r?nd"?-b'l), a. [From {Rend}.]
Capable of being rent or torn.
Rendible \Ren"di*ble\ (r?n"d?-b'l), a. [See {Render}.]
Capable, or admitting, of being rendered.
Rendition \Ren*di"tion\ (r?n-d?sh"?n), n. [LL. rendere to
render: cf. L. redditio. See {Render}, and cf. {Reddition}.]
1. The act of rendering; especially, the act of surrender, as
of fugitives from justice, at the claim of a foreign
government; also, surrender in war.
The rest of these brave men that suffered in cold
blood after articles of rendition. --Evelyn.
2. Translation; rendering; version.
This rendition of the word seems also most naturally
to agree with the genuine meaning of some other
words in the same verse. --South.
Rendrock \Rend"rock`\ (r?nd"r?k`), n.
A kind of dynamite used in blasting. [U.S.]
Renegade \Ren"e*gade\ (r?n"?-g?d), n. [Sp. renegado, LL.
renegatus, fr. renegare to deny; L. pref. re- re- + negare to
deny. See {Negation}, and cf. {Runagate}.]
One faithless to principle or party. Specifically:
(a) An apostate from Christianity or from any form of
religious faith.
James justly regarded these renegades as the most
serviceable tools that he could employ. --Macaulay.
(b) One who deserts from a military or naval post; a
deserter. --Arbuthnot.
(c) A common vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow.
Renegado \Ren`e*ga"do\ (r?n`?-g?"d?), n. [Sp.]
See {Renegade}.
Renegat \Ren"e*gat\ (r?n"?-g?t), n. [See {Runegate}.]
A renegade. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Renegation \Ren`e*ga"tion\ (r?n`?-ga"sh?n), n.
A denial. [R.] ``Absolute renegation of Christ.'' --Milman.
Renege \Re*nege"\ (r?-n?j" or r?-n?g"), v. t. [LL. renegare. See
{Renegade}.]
To deny; to disown. [Obs.] --Shak.
All Europe high (all sorts of rights reneged) Against
the truth and thee unholy leagued. --Sylvester.
Renege \Re*nege"\, v. i.
1. To deny. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. (Card Playing) To revoke. [R.]
Renerve \Re*nerve"\ (r?-n?rv"), v. t.
To nerve again; to give new vigor to; to reinvigorate.
Renew \Re*new"\ (r?-n?"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reneved} (-n?d");
p. pr. & vb. n. {Renewing}.] [Pref. re- + new. Cf.
{Renovate}.]
1. To make new again; to restore to freshness, perfection, or
vigor; to give new life to; to rejuvenate; to re?stablish;
to recreate; to rebuild.
In such a night Medea gathered the enchanted herbs
That did renew old ?son. --Shak.
2. Specifically, to substitute for (an old obligation or
right) a new one of the same nature; to continue in force;
to make again; as, to renew a lease, note, or patent.
3. To begin again; to recommence.
The last great age . . . renews its finished course.
--Dryden.
4. To repeat; to go over again.
The birds-their notes renew. --Milton.
5. (Theol.) To make new spiritually; to regenerate.
Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind.
--Rom. xii. 2.
Renew \Re*new"\, v. i.
To become new, or as new; to grow or begin again.
Renewability \Re*new`a*bil"i*ty\ (-?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality or state of being renewable. [R.]
Renewable \Re*new"a*ble\ (r?-n?"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being renewed; as, a lease renewable at pleasure.
--Swift.
Renewal \Re*new"al\ (-al), n.
The act of renewing, or the state of being renewed; as, the
renewal of a treaty.
Renewedly \Re*new"ed*ly\, adv.
Again; once more. [U.S.]
Renewedness \Re*new"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being renewed.
Renewer \Re*new"er\ (-?r), n.
One who, or that which, renews.
Reneye \Re*neye"\ (r?-n?"), v. t. [See {Renay}.]
To deny; to reject; to renounce. [Obs.]
For he made every man reneye his law. --Chaucer.
Reng \Reng\ (r?ng), n. [See {Rank}, n.]
1. A rank; a row. [Obs.] ``In two renges fair.'' --Chaucer.
2. A rung or round of a ladder. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Renidification \Re*nid`i*fi*ca"tion\ (r?-n?d`?-f?-k?"sh?n), n.
(Zo["o]l.)
The act of rebuilding a nest.
Reniform \Ren"i*form\ (r?n"?-f?rm; 277), a. [L. renes kidneys +
-form: cf. F. r['e]niforme.]
Having the form or shape of a kidney; as, a reniform mineral;
a reniform leaf.
Renitence \Re*ni"tence\ (r?-n?"tens), Renitency \Re*ni"ten*cy\
(-te-s?), n. [Cf. F. r['e]nitence.]
The state or quality of being renitent; resistance;
reluctance. --Sterne.
We find a renitency in ourselves to ascribe life and
irritability to the cold and motionless fibers of
plants. --E. Darwin.
Renitent \Re*ni"tent\ (-tent), a. [L. renitens, -entis, p. pr.
of renit to strive or struggle against, resist; pref. re- re-
+ niti to struggle or strive: cf. F. r['e]nitent.]
1. Resisting pressure or the effect of it; acting against
impulse by elastic force. ``[Muscles] soft and yet
renitent.'' --Ray.
2. Persistently opposed.
Renne \Ren"ne\ (r?n"ne), v. t.
To plunder; -- only in the phrase ``to rape and renne.'' See
under {Rap}, v. t., to snatch. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Renne \Ren"ne\, v. i.
To run. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Renner \Ren"ner\ (-n?r), n.
A runner. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rennet \Ren"net\ (r?n"n?t), n. [F. rainette, reinette, perhaps
fr. raine a tree frog, L. rana, because it is spotted like
this kind of frog. Cf. {Ranunculus}.] (Bot.)
A name of many different kinds of apples. Cf. {Reinette}.
--Mortimer.
Rennet \Ren"net\, n. [AS. rinnan, rennan, to run, cf. gerinnan
to curdle, coagulate. [root]11. See {Run}, v.]
The inner, or mucous, membrane of the fourth stomach of the
calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or
preparation of it, used for coagulating milk. [Written also
{runnet}.]
{Cheese rennet}. (Bot.) See under {Cheese}.
{Rennet ferment} (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, present in
rennet and in variable quantity in the gastric juice of
most animals, which has the power of curdling milk. The
ferment presumably acts by changing the casein of milk
from a soluble to an insoluble form.
{Rennet stomach} (Anat.), the fourth stomach, or abomasum, of
ruminants.
Renneted \Ren"net*ed\, a.
Provided or treated with rennet. [R.] ``Pressed milk
renneted.'' --Chapman.
Renneting \Ren"net*ing\, n. (Bot.)
Same as 1st {Rennet}.
Renning \Ren"ning\ (r?n"n?ng), n.
See 2d {Rennet}. [Obs.]
Asses' milk is holden for to be thickest, and therefore
they use it instead of renning, to turn milk.
--Holland.
Renomee \Re`no*mee"\ (r[=a]`n[-o]*m[=a]"), n. [F. renomm['e]e.]
Renown. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Renounce \Re*nounce"\ (r[-e]*nouns"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Renounced} (-nounst"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Renouncing}
(-noun"s?ng).] [F. renoncer, L. renuntiare to bring back
word, announce, revoke, retract, renounce; pref. re- re- +
nuntiare to announce, fr. nuncius, a messenger. See {Nuncio},
and cf. {Renunciation}.]
1. To declare against; to reject or decline formally; to
refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to one; to
disclaim; as, to renounce a title to land or to a throne.
2. To cast off or reject deliberately; to disown; to dismiss;
to forswear.
This world I do renounce, and in your sights Shake
patiently my great affliction off. --Shak.
3. (Card Playing) To disclaim having a card of (the suit led)
by playing a card of another suit.
{To renounce probate} (Law), to decline to act as the
executor of a will. --Mozley & W.
Syn: To cast off; disavow; disown; disclaim; deny; abjure;
recant; abandon; forsake; quit; forego; resign;
relinquish; give up; abdicate.
Usage: {Renounce}, {Abjure}, {Recant}. -- To renounce is to
make an affirmative declaration of abandonment. To
abjure is to renounce with, or as with, the solemnity
of an oath. To recant is to renounce or abjure some
proposition previously affirmed and maintained.
From Thebes my birth I own; . . . since no
disgrace Can force me to renounce the honor of
my race. --Dryden.
Either to die the death, or to abjure Forever
the society of man. --Shak.
Ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent
and void. --Milton.
Renounce \Re*nounce"\, v. i.
1. To make renunciation. [Obs.]
He of my sons who fails to make it good, By one
rebellious act renounces to my blood. --Dryden.
2. (Law) To decline formally, as an executor or a person
entitled to letters of administration, to take out probate
or letters.
Dryden died without a will, and his widow having
renounced, his son Charles administered on June 10.
--W. D.
Christie.
Renounce \Re*nounce"\, n. (Card Playing)
Act of renouncing.
Renouncement \Re*nounce"ment\ (-ment), n. [Cf. F. renoncement.]
The act of disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation. --Shak.
Renouncer \Re*noun"cer\ (r?-noun"s?r), n.
One who renounces.
Renovate \Ren"o*vate\ (r?n"?-v?t), v. t. [L. renovatus, p. p. of
renovare;pref. re- re- + novare to make new, fr. novus new.
See {New}, and ?? {Renew}.]
To make over again; to restore to freshness or vigor; to
renew.
All nature feels the reniovating force Of winter.
--Thomson.
Renovation \Ren`o**va"tion\ (-v?"sh?n), n. [L. renovatio: cf. F.
r['e]novation.]
The act or process of renovating; the state of being
renovated or renewed. --Thomson.
There is something inexpressibly pleasing in the annual
renovation of the world. --Rabbler.
Renovator \Ren"o*va`tor\ (r?n"?-v?`t?r), n. [L.: cf. F.
r['e]novateur.]
One who, or that which, renovates. --Foster.
Renovel \Re*nov"el\ (r?-n?v"el), v. t. [F. renouveler to renew.]
To renew; to renovate. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Renovelance \Re*nov"el*ance\ (-ans), n.
Renewal. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Renowme \Re*nowme"\ (r?-noum"), n.
Renown. [Obs.]
The glory and renowme of the ancectors. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
Renowmed \Re*nowmed"\ (r?-noumd"), a.
Renowned. [Obs.]
Renown \Re*nown"\ (r?-noun"), n. [F. renom. See {Noun}, and cf.
{Renown}, v.]
1. The state of being much known and talked of; exalted
reputation derived from the extensive praise of great
achievements or accomplishments; fame; celebrity; --
always in a good sense.
Nor envy we Thy great renown, nor grudge thy
victory. --Dryden.
2. Report of nobleness or exploits; praise.
This famous duke of Milan, Of whom so often I have
heard renown. --Shak.
Renown \Re*nown"\ (r?-noun"), v. t. [F. renommer to name again,
celebrate, make famous; pref. re- re- + nommer to name, L.
nominare, fr. nomen a name. See {Noun}.]
To make famous; to give renown to. [Obs.]
For joi to hear me so renown his son. --Chapman.
The bard whom pilfered pastorals renown. --Pope.
Renowned \Re*nowned"\ (r?-nound"), a.
Famous; celebrated for great achievements, for distinguished
qualities, or for grandeur; eminent; as, a renowned king.
``Some renowned metropolis with glistering spires.''
--Milton.
These were the renowned of the congregation. --Num. i.
61.
Syn: Famous; famed; distinguished; noted; eminent;
celebrated; remarkable; wonderful. See {Famous}.
Renownedly \Re*nown"ed*ly\ (r?-noun"?d-l?), adv.
With renown.
Renowner \Re*nown"er\ (-?r), n.
One who gives renown. [R.]
Renownful \Re*nown"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Having great renown; famous. ``Renownful Scipio.'' --Marston.
Renownless \Re*nown"less\, a.
Without renown; inglorius.
Rensselaerite \Rens"se*laer*ite\ (r?ns"se-l?r-?t), n. (Min.)
A soft, compact variety of talc,, being an altered pyroxene.
It is often worked in a lathe into inkstands and other
articles.
Rent \Rent\ (r?nt), v. i.
To rant. [R. & Obs.] --Hudibras.
Rent \Rent\,
imp. & p. p. of {Rend}.
Rent \Rent\, n. [From {Rend}.]
1. An opening made by rending; a break or breach made by
force; a tear.
See what a rent the envious Casca made. --Shak.
2. Figuratively, a schism; a rupture of harmony; a
separation; as, a rent in the church.
Syn: Fissure; breach; disrupture; rupture; tear;
dilaceration; break; fracture.
Rent \Rent\, v. t.
To tear. See {Rend}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rent \Rent\, n. [F. rente, LL. renta, fr. L. reddita, fem. sing.
or neut. pl. of redditus, p. p. of reddere to give back, pay.
See {Render}.]
1. Income; revenue. See {Catel}. [Obs.] ``Catel had they
enough and rent.'' --Chaucer.
[Bacchus] a waster was and all his rent In wine and
bordel he dispent. --Gower.
So bought an annual rent or two, And liv'd, just as
you see I do. --Pope.
2. Pay; reward; share; toll. [Obs.]
Death, that taketh of high and low his rent.
--Chaucer.
3. (Law) A certain periodical profit, whether in money,
provisions, chattels, or labor, issuing out of lands and
tenements in payment for the use; commonly, a certain
pecuniary sum agreed upon between a tenant and his
landlord, paid at fixed intervals by the lessee to the
lessor, for the use of land or its appendages; as, rent
for a farm, a house, a park, etc.
Note: The term rent is also popularly applied to compensation
for the use of certain personal chattels, as a piano, a
sewing machine, etc.
{Black rent}. See {Blackmail}, 3.
{Forehand rent}, rent which is paid in advance; foregift.
{Rent arrear}, rent in arrears; unpaid rent. --Blackstone.
{Rent charge} (Law), a rent reserved on a conveyance of land
in fee simple, or granted out of lands by deed; -- so
called because, by a covenant or clause in the deed of
conveyance, the land is charged with a distress for the
payment of it. --Bouvier.
{Rent roll}, a list or account of rents or income; a rental.
{Rent seck} (Law), a rent reserved by deed, but without any
clause of distress; barren rent. A power of distress was
made incident to rent seck by Statute 4 George II. c. 28.
{Rent service} (Eng. Law), rent reserved out of land held by
fealty or other corporeal service; -- so called from such
service being incident to it.
{White rent}, a quitrent when paid in silver; -- opposed to
black rent.
Rent \Rent\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rented}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Renting}.] [F. renter. See {Rent}, n.]
1. To grant the possession and enjoyment of, for a rent; to
lease; as, the owwner of an estate or house rents it.
2. To take and hold under an agreement to pay rent; as, the
tennant rents an estate of the owner.
Rent \Rent\, v. i.
To be leased, or let for rent; as, an estate rents for five
hundred dollars a year.
Rentable \Rent"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being rented, or suitable for renting.
Rentage \Rent"age\ (-?j), n. [Cf. OF. rentage.]
Rent. [Obs.]
Rental \Rent"al\ (-al), n. [LL. rentale, fr. renta. See {Rent}
income.]
1. A schedule, account, or list of rents, with the names of
the tenants, etc.; a rent roll.
2. A sum total of rents; as, an estate that yields a rental
of ten thousand dollars a year.
Rente \Rente\ (r[aum]Nt), n. [F. See {Rent} income.]
In France, interest payable by government on indebtedness;
the bonds, shares, stocks, etc., which represent government
indebtedness.
Renter \Rent"er\ (r?nt"?r), n.
One who rents or leases an estate; -- usually said of a
lessee or tenant.
Renter \Ren"ter\ (r?n"t?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rentered}
(-t?rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Rentering}.] [F. rentraire; L.
pref. re- re- + in into, in + trahere to draw.]
1. To sew together so that the seam is scarcely visible; to
sew up with skill and nicety; to finedraw.
2. To restore the original design of, by working in new warp;
-- said with reference to tapestry.
Renterer \Ren"ter*er\ (-?r), n.
One who renters.
Rentier \Ren`tier"\ (r?N`ty?"), n. [F. See 5th {Rent}.]
One who has a fixed income, as from lands, stocks, or the
like.
Renumerate \Re*nu"mer*ate\ (r?-n?"m?r-?t), v. t. [L.
renumeratus, p. p. of renumerare to count over, count up;
pref. re- re- + numerare to count. See {Numerate}.]
To recount.
Renunciation \Re*nun`ci*a"tion\ (r?-n?n`s?-?"sh?n or
-sh?-?"sh?n; 277), n. [Cf. F. renonciation, L. renuntiatio
ann announcement. See {Renounce}.]
1. The act of renouncing.
2. (Law) Formal declination to take out letters of
administration, or to assume an office, privilege, or
right.
Syn: Renouncement; disownment; disavowal; disavowment;
disclaimer; rejection; abjuration; recantation; denial;
abandonment; relinquishment.
Renunciatory \Re*nun"ci*a*to*ry\ (r?-n?n"sh?-?-t?-r?), a. [Cf.
LL. renuntiatorius.]
Pertaining to renunciation; containing or declaring a
renunciation; as, renunciatory vows.
Renverse \Ren*verse"\ (r?n-vErs"), v. t. [F. renverser; L. pref.
re- re- + in in, into + versare, v. intens. fr. vertere to
turn.]
To reverse. [Obs.]
Whose shield he bears renverst. --Spenser.
Renverse \Ren*verse"\ (r?n*v?rs"), or Renvers'e \Ren`ver`s['e]"\
(r?n`v?r`s?"), a. [F. renvers['e], p. p. ] (Her.)
Reversed; set with the head downward; turned contrary to the
natural position.
Renversement \Ren*verse"ment\ (-ment), n. [F.]
A reversing. [Obs.]
Renvoy \Ren*voy"\ (-voi"), v. t. [F. renvoyer.]
To send back. [Obs.] ``Not dismissing or renvoying her.''
--Bacon.
Renvoy \Ren*voy"\, n. [F. renvoi.]
A sending back. [Obs.]
Reobtain \Re`ob*tain"\ (r?`?b-t?n"), v. t.
To obtain again.
Reobtainable \Re`ob*tain"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
That may be reobtained.
Reoccupy \Re*oc"cu*py\ (r?-?k"k?-p?), v. t.
To occupy again.
Reometer \Re*om"e*ter\ (r?-?m"?-t$r), n.
Same as {Rheometer}.
Reopen \Re*o"pen\ (r?-?"p'n), v. t. & i.
To open again.
Reoppose \Re`op*pose"\ (r?`?p-p?z"), v. t.
To oppose again.
Reordain \Re`or*dain"\ (r?`?r-d?n"), v. t. [Pref. re- re- +
ordain: cf. F. r['e]ordonner.]
To ordain again, as when the first ordination is considered
defective. --Bp. Burnet.
Reorder \Re*or"der\ (r?-?r"d?r), v. t.
To order a second time.
Reordination \Re*or`di*na"tion\, n.
A second ordination.
Reorganization \Re*or`gan*i*za"tion\ (-gan-?-z?"sh?n), n.
The act of reorganizing; a reorganized existence; as,
reorganization of the troops.
Reorganize \Re*or"gan*ize\ (r?-?r"gan-?z), v. t. & i.
To organize again or anew; as, to reorganize a society or an
army.
Reorient \Re*o"ri*ent\ (r?-?"r?-ent), a.
Rising again. [R.]
The life reorient out of dust. --Tennyson.
Reostat \Re"o*stat\ (r?"?-st?t), n. (Physics)
See {Rheostat}.
Reotrope \Re"o*trope\ (-tr?p), n. (Physics)
See {Rheotrope}.
Rep \Rep\ (r?p), n. [Prob. a corruption of rib: cf. F. reps.]
A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and
having a transversely corded or ribbed surface.
Rep \Rep\, a.
Formed with a surface closely corded, or ribbed transversely;
-- applied to textile fabrics of silk or wool; as, rep silk.
Repace \Re*pace"\ (r?-p?s"), v. t.
To pace again; to walk over again in a contrary direction.
Repacify \Re*pac"i*fy\ (r?-p?s"?-f?), v. t.
To pacify again.
Repack \Re*pack"\ (r?-p?k"), v. t.
To pack a second time or anew; as, to repack beef; to repack
a trunk.
Repacker \Re*pack"er\ (-?r), n.
One who repacks.
Repaganize \Re*pa"gan*ize\ (r?-p?"gan-?z), v. t.
To paganize anew; to bring back to paganism.
Repaid \Re*paid"\ (r?-p?d"),
imp. & p. p. of {Repay}.
Repaint \Re*paint"\ (r?-p?nt"), v. t.
To paint anew or again; as, to repaint a house; to repaint
the ground of a picture.
Repair \Re*pair"\ (r?-p?r"), v. i. [OE. repairen, OF. repairier
to return, fr. L. repatriare to return to one's contry, to go
home again; pref. re- re- + patria native country, fr. pater
father. See {Father}, and cf. {Repatriate}.]
1. To return. [Obs.]
I thought . . . that he repaire should again.
--Chaucer.
2. To go; to betake one's self; to resort; ass, to repair to
sanctuary for safety. --Chaucer.
Go, mount the winds, and to the shades repair.
--Pope.
Repair \Re*pair"\, n. [OF. repaire retreat, asylum, abode. See
{Repair} to go.]
1. The act of repairing or resorting to a place. [R.]
--Chaucer.
The king sent a proclamation for their repair to
their houses. --Clarendon.
2. Place to which one repairs; a haunt; a resort. [R.]
There the fierce winds his tender force assail And
beat him downward to his first repair. --Dryden.
Repair \Re*pair"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Repaired} (-p?rd"); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Repairing}.] [F. r['e]parer, L. reparare; pref.
re- re- + parare to prepare. See {Pare}, and cf.
{Reparation}.]
1. To restore to a sound or good state after decay, injury,
dilapidation, or partial destruction; to renew; to
restore; to mend; as, to repair a house, a road, a shoe,
or a ship; to repair a shattered fortune.
Secret refreshings that repair his strength.
--Milton.
Do thou, as thou art wont, repair My heart with
gladness. --Wordsworth.
2. To make amends for, as for an injury, by an equivalent; to
indemnify for; as, to repair a loss or damage.
I 'll repair the misery thou dost bear. --Shak.
Syn: To restore, recover; renew; amend; mend; retrieve;
recruit.
Repair \Re*pair"\, n.
1. Restoration to a sound or good state after decay, waste,
injury, or partial restruction; supply of loss;
reparation; as, materials are collected for the repair of
a church or of a city.
Sunk down and sought repair Of sleep, which
instantly fell on me. --Milton.
2. Condition with respect to soundness, perfectness, etc.;
as, a house in good, or bad, repair; the book is out of
repair.
Repairable \Re*pair"a*ble\ (-?*b'l), a.
Reparable. --Gauden.
Repairer \Re*pair"er\ (-?r), n.
One who, or that which, repairs, restores, or makes amends.
Repairment \Re*pair"ment\, n.
Act of repairing.
Repand \Re*pand"\ (r?*p?nd), a. [L. repandus bent backward,
turned up; pref. re- re- + pandus bent, crooked.] (Bot. &
Zool.)
Having a slightly undulating margin; -- said of leaves.
Reparability \Rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty\ (r?p`?-r?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality or state of being reparable.
Reparable \Rep"a*ra*ble\ (r?p"?-r?-b'l), a. [L. reparabilis: cf.
F. r['e]parable.]
Capable of being repaired, restored to a sound or good state,
or made good; restorable; as, a reparable injury.
Reparably \Rep"a*ra*bly\, adv.
In a reparable manner.
Reparation \Rep`a*ra"tion\ (-r?"sh?n), n. [F. r['e]paration, L.
reparatio. See {Repair} to mend.]
1. The act of renewing, restoring, etc., or the state of
being renewed or repaired; as, the reparation of a bridge
or of a highway; -- in this sense, repair is oftener used.
--Arbuthnot.
2. The act of making amends or giving satisfaction or
compensation for a wrong, injury, etc.; also, the thing
done or given; amends; satisfaction; indemnity.
I am sensible of the scandal I have given by my loose
writings, and make what reparation I am able. --Dryden.
Syn: Restoration; repair; restitution; compensation; amends;
satisfaction.
Reparative \Re*par"a*tive\ (r?-p?r"?-t?v), a.
Repairing, or tending to repair. --Jer. Taylor.
Reparative \Re*par"a*tive\, n.
That which repairs. --Sir H. Wotton.
Reparel \Re*par"el\ (-?l), n. [Cf. {Reapparel}.]
A change of apparel; a second or different suit. [Obs.]
--Beau. & Fl.
Repartee \Rep`ar*tee"\ (r?p`3r-t?"), n. [F. repartie, fr.
repartir to reply, depart again; pref. re- re- partir to
part, depart. See {Part}.]
A smart, ready, and witty reply.
Cupid was as bad as he; Hear but the youngster's
repartee. --Prior.
Syn: Retort; reply. See {Retort}.
Repartee \Rep`ar*tee"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Reparteed} (-t?d");
p. pr. & vb. n. {Reparteeing}.]
To make smart and witty replies. [R.] --Prior.
Repartimiento \Re`par*ti`mi*en"to\ (r?`p?r-t?`m?-?n"t?), n.
[Sp., fr. repartir to divide.]
A partition or distribution, especially of slaves; also, an
assessment of taxes. --W. Irving.
Repartotion \Re`par*to"tion\ (r?-p?r-t?sh"?n), n.
Another, or an additional, separation into parts.
Repass \Re*pass"\ (r?-p?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + pass: cf. F.
repasser. Cf. {Repace}.]
To pass again; to pass or travel over in the opposite
direction; to pass a second time; as, to repass a bridge or a
river; to repass the sea.
Repass \Re*pass"\, v. i.
To pass or go back; to move back; as, troops passing and
repassing before our eyes.
Repassage \Re*pas"sage\ (r?-p?s"s?j;48), n.
The act of repassing; passage back. --Hakluyt.
Repassant \Re*pas"sant\ (r?-p?s"sant), a. [Cf. F. repassant, p.
pr.] (Her.)
Counterpassant.
Repast \Re*past"\ (r?-p?st"), n. [OF. repast, F. repas, LL.
repastus, fr. L. repascere to feed again; pref. re- re- +
pascere, pastum, to pasture, feed. See {Pasture}.]
1. The act of taking food.
From dance to sweet repast they turn. --Milton.
2. That which is taken as food; a meal; figuratively, any
refreshment. ``Sleep . . . thy best repast.'' --Denham.
Go and get me some repast. --Shak.
Repast \Re*past"\, v. t. & i.
To supply food to; to feast; to take food. [Obs.] ``Repast
them with my blood.'' --Shak.
He then, also, as before, left arbitrary the dieting
and repasting of our minds. --Milton.
Repaster \Re*past"er\ (-?r), n.
One who takes a repast. [Obs.]
Repasture \Re*pas"ture\ (-p?s"t?r;135), n. [See {Repast}.]
Food; entertainment. [Obs.]
Food for his rage, repasture for his den. --Shak.
Repatriate \Re*pa"tri*ate\ (r?-p?"tr?-?t), v. t. [L. repatriare.
See 1st {Repair}.]
To restore to one's own country.
Repatriation \Re*pa`tri*a"tion\ (-?"sh?n), n. [Cf. LL.
repatriatio return to one's country.]
Restoration to one's country.
Repay \Re*pay"\ (r?-p?"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Repaid} (-p?d");
p. pr. & vb. n. {Repaying}.] [Pref. re- + pay: cf. F.
repayer.]
1. To pay back; to refund; as, to repay money borrowed or
advanced.
If you repay me not on such a day, In such a place,
such sum or sums. --Shak.
2. To make return or requital for; to recompense; -- in a
good or bad sense; as, to repay kindness; to repay an
injury.
Benefits which can not be repaid . . . are not
commonly found to increase affection. --Rambler.
3. To pay anew, or a second time, as a debt.
Syn: To refund; restore; return; recompense; compensate;
remunerate; satisfy; reimburse; requite.
Repayable \Re*pay"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being, or proper to be, repaid; due; as, a loan
repayable in ten days; services repayable in kind.
Repayment \Re*pay"ment\ (-ment), n.
1. The act of repaying; reimbursement. --Jer. Taylor.
2. The money or other thing repaid.
Repeal \Re*peal"\ (r?-p?l"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Repealed}
(-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Repealing}.] [OF. repeler to call
back, F. rappeler; pref. re- re- + OF. apeler, F. appeler, to
call, L. appellare. See {Appeal}, and. cf. {Repel}.]
1. To recall; to summon again, as persons. [Obs.]
The banished Bolingbroke repeals himself, And with
uplifted arms is safe arrived. --Shak.
2. To recall, as a deed, will, law, or statute; to revoke; to
rescind or abrogate by authority, as by act of the
legislature; as, to repeal a law.
3. To suppress; to repel. [Obs.]
Whence Adam soon repealed The doubts that in his
heart arose. --Milton.
Syn: To abolish; revoke; rescind; recall; annul; abrogate;
cancel; reverse. See {Abolish}.
Repeal \Re*peal"\, n.
1. Recall, as from exile. [Obs.]
The tribunes are no soldiers; and their people Will
be as rash in the repeal, as hasty To expel him
thence. --Shak.
2. Revocation; abrogation; as, the repeal of a statute; the
repeal of a law or a usage.
Repealability \Re*peal`a*bil"i*ty\ (-?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality or state of being repealable.
Repealable \Re*peal"a*ble\ (r?-p?l"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being repealed. -- {Re*peal"a*ble*ness}, n.
Syn: Revocable; abrogable; voidable; reversible.
Repealer \Re*peal"er\ (-?r), n.
One who repeals; one who seeks a repeal; specifically, an
advocate for the repeal of the Articles of Union between
Great Britain and Ireland.
Repealment \Re*peal"ment\ (-ment), n.
Recall, as from banishment. [Obs.]
Repeat \Re*peat"\ (-p?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Repeated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Repeating}.] [F. r['e]p['e]ter, L. repetere;
pref. re- re- + petere to fall upon, attack. See {Petition}.]
1. To go over again; to attempt, do, make, or utter again; to
iterate; to recite; as, to repeat an effort, an order, or
a poem. ``I will repeat our former communication.''
--Robynson (More's Utopia).
Not well conceived of God; who, though his power
Creation could repeat, yet would be loth Us to
abolish. --Milton.
2. To make trial of again; to undergo or encounter again.
[Obs.] --Waller.
3. (Scots Law) To repay or refund (an excess received).
{To repeat one's self}, to do or say what one has already
done or said.
{To repeat signals}, to make the same signals again;
specifically, to communicate, by repeating them, the
signals shown at headquarters.
Syn: To reiterate; iterate; renew; recite; relate; rehearse;
recapitulate. See {Reiterate}.
Repeat \Re*peat"\ (r?-p?t"), n.
1. The act of repeating; repetition.
2. That which is repeated; as, the repeat of a pattern; that
is, the repetition of the engraved figure on a roller by
which an impression is produced (as in calico printing,
etc.).
3. (Mus.) A mark, or series of dots, placed before and after,
or often only at the end of, a passage to be repeated in
performance.
Repeatedly \Re*peat"ed*ly\, adv.
More than once; again and again; indefinitely.
Repeater \Re*peat"er\ (-?r), n.
One who, or that which, repeats. Specifically:
(a) A watch with a striking apparatus which, upon pressure of
a spring, will indicate the time, usually in hours and
quarters.
(b) A repeating firearm.
(c) (Teleg.) An instrument for resending a telegraphic
message automatically at an intermediate point.
(d) A person who votes more than once at an election. [U.S.]
(e) See {Circulating decimal}, under {Decimal}.
(f) (Naut.) A pennant used to indicate that a certain flag in
a hoist of signal is duplicated. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Repeating \Re*peat"ing\, a.
Doing the same thing over again; accomplishing a given result
many times in succession; as, a repeating firearm; a
repeating watch.
{Repeating circle}. See the Note under {Circle}, n., 3.
{Repeating decimal} (Arith.), a circulating decimal. See
under {Decimal}.
{Repeating firearm}, a firearm that may be discharged many
times in quick succession; especially:
(a) A form of firearm so constructed that by the action of
the mechanism the charges are successively introduced
from a chamber containing them into the breech of the
barrel, and fired.
(b) A form in which the charges are held in, and discharged
from, a revolving chamber at the breech of the barrel.
See {Revolver}, and {Magazine gun}, under {Magazine}.
{Repeating instruments} (Astron. & Surv.), instruments for
observing angles, as a circle, theodolite, etc., so
constructed that the angle may be measured several times
in succession, and different, but successive and
contiguous, portions of the graduated limb, before reading
off the aggregate result, which aggregate, divided by the
number of measurements, gives the angle, freed in a
measure from errors of eccentricity and graduation.
{Repeating watch}. See {Repeater}
(a)
Repedation \Rep"e*da"tion\ (r?p`?-da"sh?n), n. [L. repedare to
step back; pref. re- re- + pes, pedis, foot.]
A stepping or going back. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Repel \Re**pel"\ (r?-p?l"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Repelled}
(-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Repelling}.] [L. repellere,
repulsum; pref. re- re- + pellere to drive. See {Pulse} a
beating, and cf. {Repulse}, {Repeal}.]
1. To drive back; to force to return; to check the advance
of; to repulse as, to repel an enemy or an assailant.
Hippomedon repelled the hostile tide. --Pope.
They repelled each other strongly, and yet attracted
each other strongly. --Macaulay.
2. To resist or oppose effectually; as, to repel an assault,
an encroachment, or an argument.
[He] gently repelled their entreaties. --Hawthorne.
Syn: Tu repulse; resist; oppose; reject; refuse.
Repel \Re*pel"\, v. i.
To act with force in opposition to force impressed; to
exercise repulsion.
Repellence \Re*pel"lence\ (-lens), Repellency \Re*pel"len*cy\
(-len-s?), n.
The principle of repulsion; the quality or capacity of
repelling; repulsion.
Repellent \Re*pel"lent\ (-lent), a. [L. repellens, -entis, p.
pr. ]
Driving back; able or tending to repel.
Repellent \Re*pel"lent\, n.
1. That which repels.
2. (Med.) A remedy to repel from a tumefied part the fluids
which render it tumid. --Dunglison.
3. A kind of waterproof cloth. --Knight.
Repeller \Re*pel"ler\ (-l?r), n.
One who, or that which, repels.
Repent \Re"pent\ (r?"p?nt), a. [L. repens, -entis, creeping, p.
pr. of repere to creep.]
1. (Bot.) Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems. --Gray.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Reptant}.
Repent \Re*pent"\ (r?-p?nt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Repented}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Repenting}.] [F. se repentir; L. pref. re- re-
+ poenitere to make repent, poenitet me it repents me, I
repent. See {Penitent}.]
1. To feel pain, sorrow, or regret, for what one has done or
omitted to do.
First she relents With pity; of that pity then
repents. --Dryden.
2. To change the mind, or the course of conduct, on account
of regret or dissatisfaction.
Lest, peradventure, the people repent when they see
war, and they return to Egypt. --Ex. xiii.
17.
3. (Theol.) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek
forgiveness; to cease to love and practice sin.
Except ye repent, ye shall likewise perish. --Luke
xii. 3.
Repent \Re*pent"\, v. t.
1. To feel pain on account of; to remember with sorrow.
I do repent it from my very soul. --Shak.
2. To feel regret or sorrow; -- used reflexively.
My father has repented him ere now. --Dryden.
3. To cause to have sorrow or regret; -- used impersonally.
[Archaic] ``And it repented the Lord that he had made man
on the earth.'' --Gen. vi. 6.
Repentance \Re*pent"ance\ (r[-e]*p[e^]nt"ans), n. [F.
repentance.]
The act of repenting, or the state of being penitent; sorrow
for what one has done or omitted to do; especially,
contrition for sin. --Chaucer.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. --2. Cor.
vii. 20.
Repentance is a change of mind, or a conversion from
sin to God. --Hammond.
Repentance is the relinquishment of any practice from
the conviction that it has offended God. Sorrow, fear,
and anxiety are properly not parts, but adjuncts, of
repentance; yet they are too closely connected with it
to be easily separated. --Rambler.
Syn: Contrition; regret; penitence; contriteness;
compunction. See {Contrition}.
Repentant \Re*pent"ant\ (-ant), a. [F. repentant.]
1. Penitent; sorry for sin. --Chaucer.
Thus they, in lowliest plight, repentant stood.
--Millton.
2. Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; as, repentant tears;
repentant ashes. ``Repentant sighs and voluntary pains.''
--Pope.
Repentant \Re*pent"ant\, n.
One who repents, especially one who repents of sin; a
penitent.
Repentantly \Re*pent"ant*ly\, adv.
In a repentant manner.
Repenter \Re*pent"er\ (-[~e]r), n.
One who repents.
Repentingly \Re*pent"ing*ly\, adv.
With repentance; penitently.
Repentless \Re*pent"less\, a.
Unrepentant. [R.]
Repeople \Re*peo"ple\ (r[=e]*p[=e]"p'l), v. t. [Pref. re- +
people: cf. F. repeupler.]
To people anew.
Reperception \Re`per*cep"tion\ (r?`p?r-s?p"sh?n), n.
The act of perceiving again; a repeated perception of the
same object.
No external praise can give me such a glow as my own
solitary reperception and ratification of what is fine.
--Keats.
Repercuss \Re`per*cuss"\ (-k[u^]s"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Repercussed} (-k?st");p. pr. & vb. n. {Repercussing}.] [L.
repercusus, p. p. of repercutere to drive back; pref. re- re-
+ percutere. See {Percussion}.]
To drive or beat back; hence, to reflect; to reverberate.
Perceiving all the subjacent country, . . . to
repercuss such a light as I could hardly look against.
--Evelyn.
Repercussion \Re`per*cus"sion\ (-k?sh"?n), n. [L. repercussio:
cf. F. r['e]percussion.]
1. The act of driving back, or the state of being driven
back; reflection; reverberation; as, the repercussion of
sound.
Ever echoing back in endless repercussion. --Hare.
2. (Mus.) Rapid reiteration of the same sound.
3. (Med.) The subsidence of a tumor or eruption by the action
of a repellent. --Dunglison.
4. (Obstetrics) In a vaginal examination, the act of
imparting through the uterine wall with the finger a shock
to the fetus, so that it bounds upward, and falls back
again against the examining finger.
Repercussive \Re`per*cuss"ive\ (-k?s"?v), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]percussif.]
1. Tending or able to repercuss; having the power of sending
back; causing to reverberate.
Ye repercussive rocks! repeat the sound. --W.
Pattison.
2. Repellent. [Obs.] ``Blood is stanched by astringent and
repercussive medicines.'' --Bacon.
3. Driven back; rebounding; reverberated. ``Rages loud the
repercussive roar.'' --Thomson.
Repercussive \Re`per*cuss"ive\, n.
A repellent. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Repertitious \Rep`er*ti"tious\ (r?p`?r-t?sh"?s), a. [L.
reperticius. See {Repertory}.]
Found; gained by finding. [Obs.]
R'epertoire \R['e]`per`toire"\ (F. r[asl]`p[^a]r`tw[aum]r"; E.
r[e^]p"[~e]r*tw[aum]r), n. [F. See {Repertory}.]
A list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a
company or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform.
Repertory \Rep"er*to*ry\ (r?p"?r-t?-r?), n. [L. repertorium, fr.
reperire to find again; pref. re- re + parire, parere, to
bring forth, procure: cf. F. r['e]pertoire. Cf. {Parent}.]
1. A place in which things are disposed in an orderly manner,
so that they can be easily found, as the index of a book,
a commonplace book, or the like.
2. A treasury; a magazine; a storehouse.
3. Same as {R['e]pertoire}.
Reperusal \Re`pe*rus"al\ (r?`p?-r?z"al), n.
A second or repeated perusal.
Reperuse \Re`pe*ruse"\ (-r?z"), v. t.
To peruse again. --Ld. Lytton.
Repetend \Rep`e*tend\ (r?p`?-t?nd"), n. [L. repetendus to be
repeated, fr. repetere to repeat.] (Math.)
That part of a circulating decimal which recurs continually,
ad infinitum: -- sometimes indicated by a dot over the first
and last figures; thus, in the circulating decimal .728328328
+ (otherwise .7..8...), the repetend is 283.
Repetition \Rep`e*ti"tion\ (r[e^]p`[-e]-t[i^]sh"[u^]n), n. [L.
repetitio: cf. F. r['e]p['e]tition. See {Repeat}.]
1. The act of repeating; a doing or saying again; iteration.
I need not be barren of accusations; he hath faults,
with surplus to tire in repetition. --Shak.
2. Recital from memory; rehearsal.
3. (Mus.) The act of repeating, singing, or playing, the same
piece or part a second time; reiteration of a note.
4. (Rhet.) Reiteration, or repeating the same word, or the
same sense in different words, for the purpose of making a
deeper impression on the audience.
5. (Astron. & Surv.) The measurement of an angle by
successive observations with a repeating instrument.
Syn: Iteration; rehearsal. See {Tautology}.
Repetitional \Rep`e*ti"tion*al\ (-al). Repetitionary
\Rep`e*ti"tion*a*ry\ (-?-r?), a.
Of the nature of, or containing, repetition. [R.]
Repetitioner \Rep`e*ti"tion*er\ (-?r), n.
One who repeats. [Obs.]
Repetitious \Rep`e*ti"tious\ (-t?sh"?s), a.
Repeating; containing repetition. [U.S.] --Dr. T. Dwight.
Repetitive \Re*pet"i*tive\ (r?-p?t"?-t?v), a.
Containing repetition; repeating. [R.]
Repetitor \Rep"e*ti`tor\ (r?p"?-t?`t?r), n. [Cf. L. repetitor a
reclaimer.] (Ger.Univ.)
A private instructor.
Repine \Re*pine"\ (r?-p?n"), v. i. [Pref. re- + pine to
languish.]
1. To fail; to wane. [Obs.] ``Reppening courage yields no
foot to foe.'' --Spenser.
2. To continue pining; to feel inward discontent which preys
on the spirits; to indulge in envy or complaint; to
murmur.
But Lachesis thereat gan to repine. --Spenser.
What if the head, the eye, or ear repined To serve
mere engines to the ruling mind? --Pope.
Repine \Re*pine"\, n.
Vexation; mortification. [Obs.] --Shak.
Repiner \Re*pin"er\ (r?-p?n"?r), n.
One who repines.
Repiningly \Re*pin"ing*ly\, adv.
With repening or murmuring.
Repkie \Rep"kie\ (r?p"k?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any edible sea urchin. [Alaska]
Replace \Re*place"\ (r?-pl?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + place: cf. F.
replacer.]
1. To place again; to restore to a former place, position,
condition, or the like.
The earl . . . was replaced in his government.
--Bacon.
2. To refund; to repay; to restore; as, to replace a sum of
money borrowed.
3. To supply or substitute an equivalent for; as, to replace
a lost document.
With Israel, religion replaced morality. --M.
Arnold.
4. To take the place of; to supply the want of; to fulfull
the end or office of.
This duty of right intention does not replace or
supersede the duty of consideration. --Whewell.
5. To put in a new or different place.
Note: The propriety of the use of replace instead of
displace, supersede, take the place of, as in the third
and fourth definitions, is often disputed on account of
etymological discrepancy; but the use has been
sanctioned by the practice of careful writers.
{Replaced crystal} (Crystallog.), a crystal having one or
more planes in the place of its edges or angles.
Replaceability \Re*place`a*bil"i*ty\ (-?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality, state, or degree of being replaceable.
Replaceable \Re*place"a*ble\ (r?-pl?s"?-b'l), a.
1. Capable or admitting of being put back into a place.
2. Admitting of having its place supplied by a like thing or
an equivalent; as, the lost book is replaceable.
3. (Chem.) Capable of being replaced (by), or of being
exchanged (for); as, the hydrogen of acids is replaceable
by metals or by basic radicals.
Replacement \Re*place"ment\ (-ment), n.
1. The act of replacing.
2. (Crystallog.) The removal of an edge or an angle by one or
more planes.
Replait \Re*plait"\ (r?-pl?t"), v. t.
To plait or fold again; to fold, as one part over another,
again and again.
Replant \Re*plant"\ (rE-pl?nt"), v. t.
To plant again.
Replantable \Re*plant"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
That may be planted again.
Replantation \Re`plan*ta"tion\ (r?`pl?n-t?"sh?n), n.
The act of planting again; a replanting. [R.] --Hallywell.
Replead \Re*plead"\ (r?-pl?d"), v. t. & i.
To plead again.
Repleader \Re*plead"er\ (-?r), n. (Law)
A second pleading, or course of pleadings; also, the right of
pleading again.
Whenever a repleader is granted, the pleadings must
begin de novo. --Blackstone.
Replenish \Re*plen"ish\ (r?-pl?n"?sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Replenished} (-?sht); p. pr. & vb. n. {Replenishing}.] [OE.
replenissen, OF. replenir; L. pref. re- re- + plenus full.
See {Full}, {-ish}, and cf. {Replete}.]
1. To fill again after having been diminished or emptied; to
stock anew; hence, to fill completely; to cause to abound.
Multiply and replenish the earth. --Gen. i. 28.
The waters thus With fish replenished, and the air
with fowl. --Milton.
2. To finish; to complete; to perfect. [Obs.]
We smothered The most replenished sweet work of
nature. --Shak.
Replenish \Re*plen"ish\, v. i.
To recover former fullness. [Obs.]
The humors will not replenish so soon. --Bacon.
Replenisher \Re*plen"ish*er\ (-?r), n.
One who replenishes.
Replenishment \Re*plen"ish*ment\ (-ment), n.
1. The act of replenishing, or the state of being
replenished.
2. That which replenishes; supply. --Cowper.
Replete \Re*plete"\ (r?-pl?t"), a. [L. repletus, p. p. of
replere to fill again, fill up; pref. re- re- + plere to
fill, akin to plenus full: cf. F. replet corpulent. See
{Plenty}, {Replenish}.]
Filled again; completely filled; full; charged; abounding.
``His words replete with guile.'' --Milton.
When he of wine was replet at his feast. --Chaucer.
In heads replete with thoughts of other men. --Cowper.
Replete \Re*plete"\, v. t.
To fill completely, or to satiety. [R.]
Repleteness \Re*plete"ness\, n.
The state of being replete.
Repletion \Re*ple"tion\ (r?-pl?"sh?n), n. [L. repletio a filling
up: cf. F. r['e]pl['e]tion. See {Replete}.]
1. The state of being replete; superabundant fullness.
The tree had too much repletion, and was oppressed
with its own sap. --Bacon.
Repleccioun [overeating] ne made her never sick.
--Chaucer.
2. (Med.) Fullness of blood; plethora.
Repletive \Re*ple"tive\ (-t?v), a. [Cf. F. r['e]pl['e]tif.]
Tending to make replete; filling. -- {Re*ple"tive*ly}, adv.
Repletory \Re*ple"to*ry\ (-t?-r?), a.
Repletive. [R.]
Repleviable \Re*plev"i*a*ble\ (r?-pl?v"?-?-b'l), a. [See
{Replevy}.] (Law)
Capable of being replevied.
Replevin \Re*plev"in\ (-?n), n. [LL. replevina. See {Replevy},
and cf. {Plevin}.]
1. (Law) A personal action which lies to recover possession
of goods and chattle wrongfully taken or detained.
Originally, it was a remedy peculiar to cases for wrongful
distress, but it may generally now be brought in all cases
of wrongful taking or detention. --Bouvier.
2. The writ by which goods and chattels are replevied.
Replevin \Re*plev"in\, v. t. (Law)
To replevy.
Replevisable \Re*plev"i*sa*ble\ (-?-s?-b'l), a. [OF.
replevisable.]
Repleviable. --Sir M. Hale.
Replevy \Re*plev"y\ (-?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Replevied} (-?d);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Replevying}.] [OF. replevir, LL. replevire.
See {Pledge}, {Replevin}.]
1. (Law) To take or get back, by a writ for that purpose
(goods and chattels wrongfully taken or detained), upon
giving security to try the right to them in a suit at law,
and, if that should be determined against the plaintiff,
to return the property replevied.
2. (Old Eng. Law) To bail. --Spenser.
Replevy \Re*plev"y\ (r?-pl?v"?), n.
Replevin. --Mozley & W.
Replica \Rep"li*ca\ (r?p"l?-k?), n. [It. See {Reply}, v. & n.]
1. (Fine Arts) A copy of a work of art, as of a picture or
statue, made by the maker of the original.
2. (Mus.) Repetition.
Replicant \Rep"li*cant\ (r?p"l?-kant), n.
One who replies.
Replicate \Rep"li*cate\ (-?-k?t), v. t.
To reply. [Obs.]
Replicate \Rep"li*cate\ (l?-k?t), Replicated \Rep"li*ca`ted\
(-k?`t?d), a. [L. replicatus, p. p. of replicare. See
{Reply}.]
Folded over or backward; folded back upon itself; as, a
replicate leaf or petal; a replicate margin of a shell.
Replication \Rep`li*ca"tion\ (-k?"sh?n), n. [L. replicatio. See
{Reply}.]
1. An answer; a reply. --Shak.
Withouten any repplicacioun. --Chaucer.
2. (Law Pleadings) The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of
fact, to the defendant's plea.
3. Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.
To hear the replication of your sounds. --Shak.
4. A repetition; a copy.
--Farrar.
Syn: Answer; response; reply; rejoinder.
Replier \Re*pli"er\ (r?-pl?"?r), n.
One who replies. --Bacon.
Replum \Re"plum\ (r?"pl?m), n. [L., doorcase.] (Bot.)
The framework of some pods, as the cress, which remains after
the valves drop off. --Gray.
Reply \Re*ply"\ (r?-pl?"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Replied}
(-pl?d"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Replying}.] [OE. replien, OF.
replier, F. r['e]pliquer, fr. L. replicare to fold back, make
a reply; pref. re- re- + plicare to fold. See {Ply}, and cf.
{Replica}.]
1. To make a return in words or writing; to respond; to
answer.
O man, who art thou that repliest against God?
--Rom. ix. 20.
2. (Law) To answer a defendant's plea.
3. Figuratively, to do something in return for something
done; as, to reply to a signal; to reply to the fire of a
battery.
Syn: To answer; respond; rejoin.
Reply \Re*ply"\, v. t.
To return for an answer. --Milton.
Lords, vouchsafe To give me hearing what I shall reply.
--Shak.
Reply \Re*ply"\, n.; pl. {Replies} (-pl?z"). [See {Reply}, v.
i., and cf. {Replica}.]
That which is said, written, or done in answer to what is
said, written, or done by another; an answer; a response.
Syn: Answer; rejoinder; response.
Usage: {Reply}, {Rejoinder}, {Answer}. A reply is a distinct
response to a formal question or attack in speech or
writing. A rejoinder is a second reply (a reply to a
reply) in a protracted discussion or controversy. The
word answer is used in two senses, namely (1), in the
most general sense of a mere response; as, the answer
to a question; or (2), in the sense of a decisive and
satisfactory confutation of an adversary's argument,
as when we speak of a triumphant answer to the speech
or accusations of an opponent. Here the noun
corresponds to a frequent use of the verb, as when we
say. ``This will answer (i.e., fully meet) the end in
view;'' ``It answers the purpose.''
Replyer \Re*ply"er\ (-?r), n.
See {Replier}. --Bacon.
Repolish \Re*pol"ish\ (r?-p?l"?sh), v. t.
To polish again.
Repone \Re*pone"\ (r?-p?n"), v. t. [L. reponere; pref. re- re- +
ponere to place.]
To replace. --R. Baillie.
Repopulation \Re*pop`u*la"tion\ (r?*p?p`?*l?"sh?n), n.
The act of repeopling; act of furnishing with a population
anew.
Report \Re*port"\ (r?-p?rt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reported}; p.
pr. & vb. n. Reporting.] [F. reporter to carry back, carry
(cf. rapporter; see {Rapport}), L. reportare to bear or bring
back; pref. re- re- + portare to bear or bring. See {Port}
bearing, demeanor.]
1. To refer. [Obs.]
Baldwin, his son, . . . succeeded his father; so
like unto him that we report the reader to the
character of King Almeric, and will spare the
repeating his description. --Fuller.
2. To bring back, as an answer; to announce in return; to
relate, as what has been discovered by a person sent to
examine, explore, or investigate; as, a messenger reports
to his employer what he has seen or ascertained; the
committee reported progress.
There is no man that may reporten all. --Chaucer.
3. To give an account of; to relate; to tell; to circulate
publicly, as a story; as, in the common phrase, it is
reported. --Shak.
It is reported among the heathen, and Gashmu saith
it, that thou and the Jews think to rebel. --Neh.
vi. 6.
4. To give an official account or statement of; as, a
treasurer reports the receipts and expenditures.
5. To return or repeat, as sound; to echo. [Obs. or R.] ``A
church with windows only from above, that reporteth the
voice thirteen times.'' --Bacon.
6. (Parliamentary Practice) To return or present as the
result of an examination or consideration of any matter
officially referred; as, the committee reported the bill
witth amendments, or reported a new bill, or reported the
results of an inquiry.
7. To make minutes of, as a speech, or the doings of a public
body; to write down from the lips of a speaker.
8. To write an account of for publication, as in a newspaper;
as, to report a public celebration or a horse race.
9. To make a statement of the conduct of, especially in an
unfavorable sense; as, to report a servant to his
employer.
{To be reported}, or {To be reported of}, to be spoken of; to
be mentioned, whether favorably or unfavorably. --Acts
xvi. 2.
{To report one's self}, to betake one's self, as to a
superior or one to whom service is due, and be in
readiness to receive orders or do service.
Syn: To relate; narrate; tell; recite; describe.
Report \Re*port"\ (r?-p?rt"), v. i.
1. To make a report, or response, in respect of a matter
inquired of, a duty enjoined, or information expected; as,
the committee will report at twelve o'clock.
2. To furnish in writing an account of a speech, the
proceedings at a meeting, the particulars of an
occurrence, etc., for publication.
3. To present one's self, as to a superior officer, or to one
to whom service is due, and to be in readiness for orders
or to do service; also, to give information, as of one's
address, condition, etc.; as, the officer reported to the
general for duty; to report weekly by letter.
Report \Re*port"\ (r[-e]*p[=o]rt"), n. [Cf. F. rapport. See
{Report}.v. t.]
1. That which is reported. Specifically:
(a) An account or statement of the results of examination
or inquiry made by request or direction; relation.
``From Thetis sent as spies to make report.''
--Waller.
(b) A story or statement circulating by common talk; a
rumor; hence, fame; repute; reputation.
It was a true report that I heard in mine own
land of thy acts and of thy wisdom. --1 Kings x.
6.
Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and . . .
of good report among all the nation of the Jews.
--Acts x. 22.
(c) Sound; noise; as, the report of a pistol or cannon.
(d) An official statement of facts, verbal or written;
especially, a statement in writing of proceedings and
facts exhibited by an officer to his superiors; as,
the reports of the heads af departments to Congress,
of a master in chancery to the court, of committees to
a legislative body, and the like.
(e) An account or statement of a judicial opinion or
decision, or of case argued and determined in a court
of law, chancery, etc.; also, in the plural, the
volumes containing such reports; as, Coke's Reports.
(f) A sketch, or a fully written account, of a speech,
debate, or the proceedings of a public meeting,
legislative body, etc.
2. Rapport; relation; connection; reference. [Obs.]
The corridors worse, having no report to the wings
they join to. --Evelyn.
Syn: Account; relation; narration; detail; description;
recital; narrative; story; rumor; hearsay.
Reportable \Re*port"a*ble\ (-[.a]*b'l), a.
Capable or admitting of being reported.
Reportage \Re*port"age\ (-[asl]j), n.
SAme as {Report}. [Obs.]
Reporter \Re*port"er\ (-[~e]r), n.
One who reports. Specifically:
(a) An officer or person who makes authorized statements of
law proceedings and decisions, or of legislative debates.
(b) One who reports speeches, the proceedings of public
meetings, news, etc., for the newspapers.
Of our tales judge and reportour. --Chaucer.
Reportingly \Re*port"ing*ly\, adv.
By report or common fame.
Reportorial \Re`por*to"ri*al\ (r[=e]`p[-o]r*t[=o]"r[i^]*al), a.
Of or pertaining to a reporter or reporters; as, the
reportorial staff of a newspaper.
Reposal \Re*pos"al\ (r[-e]*p[=o]z"al), n. [From {Repose}.]
1. The act or state of reposing; as, the reposal of a trust.
--Shak.
2. That on which one reposes. [Obs.] --Burton.
Reposance \Re*pos"ance\ (-ans), n.
Reliance. [Obs.] --John Hall.
Repose \Re*pose"\ (r[-e]*p[=o]z"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reposed}
(-p?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reposing}.] [F. reposer; L. pref.
re- re- + pausare to pause. See {Pause}, {Pose}, v.]
1. To cause to stop or to rest after motion; hence, to
deposit; to lay down; to lodge; to reposit. [Obs.]
But these thy fortunes let us straight repose In
this divine cave's bosom. --Chapman.
Pebbles reposed in those cliffs amongst the earth .
. . are left behind. --Woodward.
2. To lay at rest; to cause to be calm or quiet; to compose;
to rest, -- often reflexive; as, to repose one's self on a
couch.
All being settled and reposed, the lord archbishop
did present his majesty to the lords and commons.
--Fuller.
After the toil of battle to repose Your wearied
virtue. --Milton.
3. To place, have, or rest; to set; to intrust.
The king reposeth all his confidence in thee.
--Shak.
Repose \Re*pose"\, v. i.
1. To lie at rest; to rest.
Within a thicket I reposed. --Chapman.
2. Figuratively, to remain or abide restfully without anxiety
or alarms.
It is upon these that the soul may repose. --I.
Taylor.
3. To lie; to be supported; as, trap reposing on sand.
Syn: To lie; recline; couch; rest; sleep; settle; lodge;
abide.
Repose \Re*pose"\, n. [F. repos. See {Repose}, v.]
1. A lying at rest; sleep; rest; quiet.
Shake off the golden slumber of repose. --Shak.
2. Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from uneasiness; also,
a composed manner or deportment.
3. (Poetic) A rest; a pause.
4. (Fine Arts) That harmony or moderation which affords rest
for the eye; -- opposed to the scattering and division of
a subject into too many unconnected parts, and also to
anything which is overstrained; as, a painting may want
repose.
{Angle of repose} (Physics), the inclination of a plane at
which a body placed on the plane would remain at rest, or
if in motion would roll or slide down with uniform
velocity; the angle at which the various kinds of earth
will stand when abandoned to themselves.
Syn: Rest; recumbency; reclination; ease; quiet; quietness;
tranquillity; peace.
Reposed \Re*posed"\ (r*p[=o]zd"), a.
Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest. --Bacon. -- {Re*pos"ed*ly}
(r[-e]*p[=o]z"[e^]d*l[y^]), adv. -- {Re*pos"ed*ness}, n.
Reposeful \Re*pose"ful\ (r[-e]*p[=o]z"f[.u]l), a.
Full of repose; quiet.
Reposer \Re*pos"er\ (r[-e]*p[=o]z"[~e]r), n.
One who reposes.
Reposit \Re*pos"it\ (r[-e]*p[o^]z"[i^]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Reposited}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Repositing}.] [L. repositus, p.
p. of reponere to put back; pref. re- re- + ponere to put.
See {Position}.]
To cause to rest or stay; to lay away; to lodge, as for
safety or preservation; to place; to store.
Others reposit their young in holes. --Derham.
Reposition \Re`po*si"tion\ (r?`p?*z?sh"?n), n. [L. repositio.]
The act of repositing; a laying up.
Repositor \Re*pos"i*tor\ (r?*p?z"?*t?r), n. (Surg.)
An instrument employed for replacing a displaced organ or
part.
Repository \Re*pos"i*to*ry\ (r?*p?z"?*t$*r?), n. [L.
repositorium, repostorium: cf. OF. repositoire.]
A place where things are or may be reposited, or laid up, for
safety or preservation; a depository. --Locke.
Repossess \Re`pos*sess"\ (r?"p?z*z?s" or -p?s*s?s"), v. t.
To possess again; as, to repossess the land. --Pope.
{To repossess one's self of} (something), to acquire again
(something lost).
Repossession \Re`pos*ses"sion\ (r?`p?z-z?sh"?n or -p?s s?sh"?n),
n.
The act or the state of possessing again.
Reposure \Re*po"sure\ (r?-p?"sh?r; 135), n.
Rest; quiet.
In the reposure of most soft content. --Marston.
Repour \Re*pour"\ (r?-p?r"), v. t.
To pour again.
Repouss'e \Re*pous`s['e]"\ (re -p??`s?"), a. [F., p. p. of
repousser to thrust back; pref re- + pousser to push. See
{Push}.]
(a) Formed in relief, as a pattern on metal.
(b) Ornamented with patterns in relief made by pressing or
hammering on the reverse side; -- said of thin metal, or
of a vessel made of thin metal. -- n. Repouss['e] work.
{Repouss['e] work}, ornamentation of metal in relief by
pressing or hammering on the reverse side.
Reprefe \Re*prefe"\ (r?-pr?f"), n.
Reproof. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reprehend \Rep`re*hend"\ (r?p`r?-h?nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Reprehended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Reprehending}.] [L.
reprehendere, reprehensum, to hold back, seize, check, blame;
pref. re- re- + prehendere to lay hold of. See {Prehensile},
and cf. {Reprisal}. ]
To reprove or reprimand with a view of restraining, checking,
or preventing; to make charge of fault against; to disapprove
of; to chide; to blame; to censure. --Chaucer.
Aristippus being reprehended of luxury by one that was
not rich, for that he gave six crowns for a small fish.
--Bacon.
Pardon me for reprehending thee. --Shak.
In which satire human vices, ignorance, and errors . .
. are severely reprehended. --Dryden.
I nor advise nor reprehend the choice. --J. Philips.
Reprehender \Rep`re*hend"er\ (-?r), n.
One who reprehends.
Reprehensible \Rep`re*hen"si*ble\ (-h?n"s?-b'l), a. [L.
reprehensibilis: cf. F. r['e]pr['e]hensible.]
Worthy of reprehension; culpable; censurable; blamable. --
{Rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness}, n. -- {Rep`re*hen"si*bly}, adv.
Reprehension \Rep`re*hen"sion\ (-sh?n), n. [L. reprehensio: cf.
F. r['e]pr['e]hension.]
Reproof; censure; blame; disapproval.
This Basilius took as though his mistress had given him
a secret reprehension that he had not showed more
gratefulness to Dorus. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Syn: Censure; reproof; reprimand. See {Admonition}.
Reprehensive \Rep`re*hen"sive\ (-h?n"s?v), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]pr['e]hensif.]
Containing reprehension; conveying reproof. --South. --
{Rep`re*hen"sive*ly}, adv.
Reprehensory \Rep`re*hen"so*ry\ (-s?-r?), a.
Containing reproof; reprehensive; as, reprehensory complaint.
--Johnson.
Re-present \Re`-pre*sent"\ (r?`pr?-z?nt"), v. t.
To present again; as, to re-present the points of an
argument.
Represent \Rep`re*sent"\ (r?p`r?-z?nt"), v. t. [F. repr?senter,
L. repraesentare, repraesentatum; pref. re- re- + preesentare
to place before, present. See {Present}, v. t.]
1. To present again or anew; to present by means of something
standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or
image of; to typify.
Before him burn Seven lamps, as in a zodiac
representing The heavenly fires. --Milton.
2. To portray by pictoral or plastic art; to delineate; as,
to represent a landscape in a picture, a horse in bronze,
and the like.
3. To portray by mimicry or action of any kind; to act the
part or character of; to personate; as, to represent
Hamlet.
4. To stand in the place of; to supply the place, perform the
duties, exercise the rights, or receive the share, of; to
speak and act with authority in behalf of; to act the part
of (another); as, an heir represents his ancestor; an
attorney represents his client in court; a member of
Congress represents his district in Congress.
5. To exhibit to another mind in language; to show; to give
one's own impressions and judgement of; to bring before
the mind; to set forth; sometimes, to give an account of;
to describe.
He represented Rizzio's credit with the queen to be
the chief and only obstacle to his success in that
demand. --Robertson.
This bank is thought the greatest load on the
Genoese, and the managers of it have been
represented as a second kind of senate. --Addison.
6. To serve as a sign or symbol of; as, mathematical symbols
represent quantities or relations; words represent ideas
or things.
7. To bring a sensation of into the mind or sensorium; to
cause to be known, felt, or apprehended; to present.
Among these. Fancy next Her office holds; of all
external things Which he five watchful senses
represent, She forms imaginations, aery shapes.
--Milton.
8. (Metaph.) To form or image again in consciousness, as an
object of cognition or apprehension (something which was
originally apprehended by direct presentation). See
{Presentative}, 3.
The general capability of knowledge necessarily
requires that, besides the power of evoking out of
unconsciousness one portion of our retained
knowledge in preference to another, we posses the
faculty of representing in consciousness what is
thus evoked . . . This representative Faculty is
Imagination or Phantasy. --Sir. W.
Hamilton.
Representable \Rep`re*sent"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being represented.
Representance \Rep`re*sent"ance\ (-ans), n.
Representation; likeness. [Obs.] --Donne.
Representant \Rep`re*sent"ant\ (-ant), a. [Cf. F. repr?sentant.]
Appearing or acting for another; representing.
Representant \Rep`re*sent"ant\, n. [F. representant.]
A representative. [Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Representation \Rep`re*sen*ta"tion\ (-z?n-t?"sh?n), n. [F.
repr?sentation, L. representatio.]
1. The act of representing, in any sense of the verb.
2. That which represents. Specifically:
(a) A likeness, a picture, or a model; as, a
representation of the human face, or figure, and the
like.
(b) A dramatic performance; as, a theatrical
representation; a representation of Hamlet.
(c) A description or statement; as, the representation of
an historian, of a witness, or an advocate.
(d) The body of those who act as representatives of a
community or society; as, the representation of a
State in Congress.
(e) (Insurance Law) Any collateral statement of fact, made
orally or in writing, by which an estimate of the risk
is affected, or either party is influenced.
3. The state of being represented.
Syn: Description; show; delineaton; portraiture; likeness;
resemblance; exhibition; sight.
Re-presentation \Re-pres`en*ta"tion\ (r?-prez`?n-t?"sh?n), n.
[See {Re-present}.]
The act of re-presenting, or the state of being presented
again; a new presentation; as, re-presentation of facts
previously stated.
Representationary \Rep`re*sen*ta"tion*a*ry\
(r?p`r?--z?n-t?"sh?n-?-r?), a.
Implying representation; representative. [R.]
Representative \Rep`re*sent"a*tive\ (-z?nt`?-t?v), a. [Cf. F.
repr?sentatif.]
1. Fitted to represent; exhibiting a similitude.
2. Bearing the character or power of another; acting for
another or others; as, a council representative of the
people. --Swift.
3. Conducted by persons chosen to represent, or act as
deputies for, the people; as, a representative government.
4. (Nat.Hist.)
(a) Serving or fitted to present the full characters of
the type of a group; typical; as, a representative
genus in a family.
(b) Similar in general appearance, structure, and habits,
but living in different regions; -- said of certain
species and varieties.
5. (Metaph.) Giving, or existing as, a transcript of what was
originally presentative knowledge; as, representative
faculties; representative knowledge. See {Presentative}, 3
and {Represent}, 8.
Representative \Rep`re*sent"a*tive\, n. [Cf. LL.
repraesentativus.]
1. One who, or that which, represents (anything); that which
exhibits a likeness or similitude.
A statute of Rumor, whispering an idiot in the ear,
who was the representative of Credulity. --Addison.
Difficulty must cumber this doctrine which supposes
that the perfections of God are the representatives
to us of whatever we perceive in the creatures.
--Locke.
2. An agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies the place of
another, or others, being invested with his or their
authority.
3. (Law) One who represents, or stands in the place of,
another.
Note: The executor or administrator is ordinarily held to be
the representative of a deceased person, and is
sometimes called the legal representative, or the
personal representative. The heir is sometimes called
the real representative of his deceased ancestor. The
heirs and executors or administrators of a deceased
person are sometimes compendiously described as his
real and personal representatives. --Wharton. Burrill.
4. A member of the lower or popular house in a State
legislature, or in the national Congress. [U.S.]
5. (Nat.Hist.)
(a) That which presents the full character of the type of
a group.
(b) A species or variety which, in any region, takes the
place of a similar one in another region.
Representatively \Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ly\, adv.
In a representative manner; vicariously.
Representativeness \Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being representative.
Dr. Burnet observes, that every thought is attended
with consciousness and representativeness. --Spectator.
Representer \Rep`re*sent"er\ (-?r), n.
1. One who shows, exhibits, or describes. --Sir T. Browne.
2. A representative. [Obs.] --Swift.
Representment \Rep`re*sent"ment\ (-ment), n.
Representation. [Obs.]
Repress \Re*press"\ (r?-pr?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + press.]
To press again.
Repress \Re*press"\ (r?-pr?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + press: cf. L.
reprimere, repressum. Cf. {Reprimand}.]
1. To press back or down effectually; to crush down or out;
to quell; to subdue; to supress; as, to repress sedition
or rebellion; to repress the first risings of discontent.
2. Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep back.
Desire of wine and all delicious drinks, . . . Thou
couldst repress. --Milton.
Syn: To crush; overpower; subdue; suppress; restrain; quell;
curb; check.
Repress \Re*press"\, n.
The act of repressing. [Obs.]
Represser \Re*press"er\ (-?r), n.
One who, or that which, represses.
Repressible \Re*press"i*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being repressed.
Repression \Re*pres"sion\ (r?-pr?sh"?n), n. [Cf. F.
r['e]pression.]
1. The act of repressing, or state of being repressed; as,
the repression of evil and evil doers.
2. That which represses; check; restraint.
Repressive \Re*press"ive\ (r?-pr?s"?v), a. [Cf. F. r['e]pressif.
LL. repressivus.]
Having power, or tending, to repress; as, repressive acts or
measures. -- {Re*press"ive*ly}, adv.
Reprevable \Re*prev"a*ble\ (r?-pr?v"?-b'l), a.
Reprovable. [Obs.]
Repreve \Re*preve"\ (r?-pr?v"), v. t. [See {Reprieve}, v. t.]
To reprove. [Obs.] ``Repreve him of his vice.'' --Chaucer.
Repreve \Re*preve"\, n.
Reproof. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Repriefe \Re*priefe"\ (r?-pr?f"), n.
Repreve. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reprieval \Re*priev"al\ (r?-pr?v"al), n.
Reprieve. --Overbury.
Reprieve \Re*prieve\ (r?-pr?v"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reprieved}
(-pr?vd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reprieving}.] [OE. repreven to
reject, disallow, OF. reprover to blame, reproach, condemn
(pres. il reprueve), F. r['e]prouver to disapprove, fr. L.
reprobare to reject, condemn; pref. re- re- + probare to try,
prove. See {Prove}, and cf. {Reprove}, {Reprobate}.]
1. To delay the punishment of; to suspend the execution of
sentence on; to give a respite to; to respite; as, to
reprieve a criminal for thirty days.
He reprieves the sinnner from time to time.
--Rogers.
2. To relieve for a time, or temporarily.
Company, thought it may reprieve a man from his
melaneholy yet can not secure him from his
conscience. --South.
Reprieve \Re*prieve"\ (r?-pr?v"), n.
1. A temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence,
especially of a sentence of death.
The morning Sir John Hotham was to die, a reprieve
was sent to suspend the execution for three days.
--Clarendon.
2. Interval of ease or relief; respite.
All that I ask is but a short reprieve, ll I forget
to love, and learn to grieve. --Denham.
Reprimand \Rep"ri*mand\ (r?p"r?-m?nd), n. [F. r['e]primande, fr.
L. reprimendus, reprimenda, that is to be checked or
suppressed, fr. reprimere to check, repress; pref. re- re +
premere to press. See {Press}, and cf. {Repress}.]
Severe or formal reproof; reprehension, private or public.
Goldsmith gave his landlady a sharp reprimand for her
treatment of him. --Macaulay.
Reprimand \Rep"ri*mand\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reprimanded}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Reprimanding}.] [Cf. F. r['e]primander. See
{Reprimand}, n.]
1. To reprove severely; to reprehend; to chide for a fault;
to consure formally.
Germanicus was severely reprimanded by Tiberius for
traveling into Egypt without his permission.
--Arbuthnot.
2. To reprove publicly and officially, in execution of a
sentence; as, the court ordered him to be reprimanded.
Syn: To reprove; reprehend; chide; rebuke; censure; blame.
See {Reprove}.
Reprimander \Rep"ri*mand`er\ (-m?nd`?r), n.
One who reprimands.
Reprimer \Re*prim"er\ (r?-pr?m"?r), n. (Firearms)
A machine or implement for applying fresh primers to spent
cartridge shells, so that the shells be used again.
Reprint \Re*print"\ (r?-pr?nt"), v. t.
1. To print again; to print a second or a new edition of.
2. To renew the impression of.
The whole business of our redemption is . . . to
reprint God's image upon the soul. --South.
Reprint \Re"print`\ (r?"pr?nt`), n.
A second or a new impression or edition of any printed work;
specifically, the publication in one country of a work
previously published in another.
Reprinter \Re*print"er\ (r?-pr?nt"?r), n.
One who reprints.
Reprisal \Re*pris"al\ (r?-priz"al), n. [F. repr?saille, It.
ripresaglia, rappresaglia, LL. reprensaliae, fr. L.
reprehendere, reprehensum. See {Reprehend}, {Reprise}.]
1. The act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or
indemnity.
Debatable ground, on which incursions and reprisals
continued to take place. --Macaulay.
2. Anything taken from an enemy in retaliation.
3. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffering
or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation for
an act of inhumanity. --Vattel (Trans.)
4. Any act of retaliation. --Waterland.
{Letters of marque and reprisal}. See under {Marque}.
Reprise \Re*prise"\ (r?-pr?z"), n. [F. reprise, fr. reprendre,
repris, to take back, L. reprehendere. See {Reprehend}.]
1. A taking by way of retaliation. [Obs.] --Dryden.
2. pl. (Law) Deductions and duties paid yearly out of a manor
and lands, as rent charge, rent seck, pensions, annuities,
and the like. [Written also {reprizes}.] --Burrill.
3. A ship recaptured from an enemy or from a pirate.
Reprise \Re*prise"\, v. t. [Written also reprize.]
1. To take again; to retake. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. To recompense; to pay. [Obs.]
Repristinate \Re*pris"tin*ate\ (r?-pr?s"t?n-?t), v. t. [Pref.
re- + pristine.]
To restore to an original state. [R.] --Shedd.
Repristination \Re*pris`ti*na"tion\ (-t?-n?"sh?n), n.
Restoration to an original state; renewal of purity. [R.]
--R. Browning.
Reprive \Re*prive"\ (r?-pr?v"), v. t. [Pref. re- + L. privare to
deprive.]
To take back or away. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Reprive \Re*prive"\, v. t.
To reprieve. [Obs.] --Howell.
Reprize \Re*prize"\ (-pr?z"), v. t.
See {Reprise}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Reprizes \Re*priz"es\ (-pr?z"?z), n.pl. (Law)
See {Repise}, n., 2.
Reproach \Re*proach"\ (r?-pr?ch"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Reproached} (-pr?cht"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reproaching}.] [F.
reprocher, OF. reprochier, (assumed) LL. reproriare; L. pref.
re- again, against, back + prope near; hence, originally, to
bring near to, throw in one's teeth. Cf. {Approach}.]
1. To come back to, or come home to, as a matter of blame; to
bring shame or disgrace upon; to disgrace. [Obs.]
I thought your marriage fit; else imputation, For
that he knew you, might reproach your life. --Shak.
2. To attribute blame to; to allege something disgracefull
against; to charge with a fault; to censure severely or
contemptuously; to upbraid.
If ye be reproached for the name of Christ. --1
Peter iv. 14.
That this newcomer, Shame, There sit not, and
reproach us as unclean. --Milton.
Mezentius . . . with his ardor warmed His fainting
friends, reproached their shameful flight. Repelled
the victors. --Dryden.
Syn: To upbraid; censure; blame; chide; rebuke; condemn;
revile; vilify.
Reproach \Re*proach"\, n. [F. reproche. See {Reproach}, v.]
1. The act of reproaching; censure mingled with contempt;
contumelious or opprobrious language toward any person;
abusive reflections; as, severe reproach.
No reproaches even, even when pointed and barbed
with the sharpest wit, appeared to give him pain.
--Macaulay.
Give not thine heritage to reproach. --Joel ii. 17.
2. A cause of blame or censure; shame; disgrace.
3. An object of blame, censure, scorn, or derision.
Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem,
that we be no more a reproach. --Neh. ii. 17.
Syn: Disrepute; discredit; dishonor; opprobrium; invective;
contumely; reviling; abuse; vilification; scurrility;
insolence; insult; scorn; contempt; ignominy; shame;
scandal;; disgrace; infamy.
Reproachablr \Re*proach"a*blr\ (-?-b'l), a. [Cf. F.
reprochable.]
1. Deserving reproach; censurable.
2. Opprobrius; scurrilous. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot. --
{Re*proach"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Re*proach"a*bly}, adv.
Reproacher \Re*proach"er\ (-?r), n.
One who reproaches.
Reproachful \Re*proach"ful\ (-f?l), a.
1. Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding;
opprobrious; abusive.
The reproachful speeches . . . That he hath breathed
in my dishonor here. --Shak.
2. Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base; as, a
reproachful life.
Syn: Opprobrious; contumelious; abusive; offensive;
insulting; contemptuous; scornful; insolent; scurrilous;
disreputable; discreditable; dishonorable; shameful;
disgraceful; scandalous; base; vile; infamous. --
{Re*proach"ful*ly} (r?-pr?ch"f?l-l?), adv. --
{Re*proach"ful*ness}, n.
Reproachless \Re*proach"less\, a.
Being without reproach.
Repprobacy \Repp"ro*ba*cy\ (r?p"r?-b?-c?), n.
Reprobation. [R.]
Reprobance \Rep"ro*bance\ (-bans), n.
Reprobation. [Obs.] --Shak.
Reprobate \Rep"ro*bate\ (-b?t), a. [L. reprobatus, p. p. of
reprobare to disapprove, condemn. See {Reprieve}, {Reprove}.]
1. Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or
fineness; disallowed; rejected. [Obs.]
Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the
Lord hath rejected them. --Jer. vi. 30.
2. Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally abandoned and
lost; given up to vice; depraved.
And strength, and art, are easily outdone By spirits
reprobate. --Milton.
3. Of or pertaining to one who is given up to wickedness; as,
reprobate conduct. ``Reprobate desire.'' --Shak.
Syn: Abandoned; vitiated; depraved; corrupt; wicked;
profligate; base; vile. See {Abandoned}.
Reprobate \Rep"ro*bate\, n.
One morally abandoned and lost.
I acknowledge myself for a reprobate, a villain, a
traitor to the king. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Reprobate \Rep"ro*bate\ (-b?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reprobated}
(-b?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reprobating}.]
1. To disapprove with detestation or marks of extreme
dislike; to condemn as unworthy; to disallow; to reject.
Such an answer as this is reprobated and disallowed
of in law; I do not believe it, unless the deed
appears. --Ayliffe.
Every scheme, every person, recommended by one of
them, was reprobated by the other. --Macaulay.
2. To abandon to punishment without hope of pardon.
Syn: To condemn; reprehend; censure; disown; abandon; reject.
Reprobateness \Rep"ro*bate*ness\, n.
The state of being reprobate.
Reprobater \Rep"ro*ba`ter\ (-b?`t?r), n.
One who reprobates.
Reprobation \Rep`ro*ba"tion\ (-b?`sh?n), n. [F. r['e]probation,
or L. reprobatio.]
1. The act of reprobating; the state of being reprobated;
strong disapproval or censure.
The profligate pretenses upon which he was
perpetually soliciting an increase of his
disgraceful stipend are mentioned with becoming
reprobation. --Jeffrey.
Set a brand of reprobation on clipped poetry and
false coin. --Dryden.
2. (Theol.) The predestination of a certain number of the
human race as reprobates, or objects of condemnation and
punishment.
Reprobationer \Rep`ro*ba"tion*er\ (-?r), n. (Theol.)
One who believes in reprobation. See {Reprobation}, 2.
--South.
Reprobative \Rep"ro*ba*tive\ (-b?-t?v), a.
Of or pertaining to reprobation; expressing reprobation.
Reprobatory \Rep"ro*ba`to*ry\ (-b?`t?-r?), a.
Reprobative.
Reproduce \Re`pro*duce"\ (r?`pr?-d?s"), v. t.
To produce again. Especially:
(a) To bring forward again; as, to reproduce a witness; to
reproduce charges; to reproduce a play.
(b) To cause to exist again.
Those colors are unchangeable, and whenever all
those rays with those their colors are mixed again
they reproduce the same white light as before.
--Sir I.
Newton.
(c) To produce again, by generation or the like; to cause the
existence of (something of the same class, kind, or
nature as another thing); to generate or beget, as
offspring; as, to reproduce a rose; some animals are
reproduced by gemmation.
(d) To make an image or other representation of; to portray;
to cause to exist in the memory or imagination; to make a
copy of; as, to reproduce a person's features in marble,
or on canvas; to reproduce a design.
Reproducer \Re`pro*du"cer\ (-d?"s?r), n.
One who, or that which, reproduces. --Burke.
Reproduction \Re`pro*duc"tion\ (-d?k"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
reproduction.]
1. The act or process of reproducing; the state of being
reproduced; specifically (Biol.), the process by which
plants and animals give rise to offspring.
Note: There are two distinct methods of reproduction; viz.:
{asexual reproduction} (agamogenesis) and {sexual
reproduction} (gamogenesis). In both cases the new
individual is developed from detached portions of the
parent organism. In asexual reproduction (gemmation,
fission, etc.), the detached portions of the organism
develop into new individuals without the intervention
of other living matter. In sexual reproduction, the
detached portion, which is always a single cell, called
the female germ cell, is acted upon by another portion
of living matter, the male germ cell, usually from
another organism, and in the fusion of the two
(impregnation) a new cell is formed, from the
development of which arises a new individual.
2. That which is reproduced.
Reproductive \Re`pro*duc"tive\ (-t?v), a. [Cf. F. reproductif.]
Tending, or pertaining, to reproduction; employed in
reproduction. --Lyell.
Reproductory \Re`pro*duc"to*ry\ (-t?-r?), a.
Reproductive.
Reproof \Re*proof"\ (r?-pr??f"), n. [OE. reproef. See {Proof},
{Reprove}.]
1. Refutation; confutation; contradiction. [Obs.]
2. An expression of blame or censure; especially, blame
expressed to the face; censure for a fault; chiding;
reproach.
Those best can bear reproof who merit praise.
--Pope.
Syn: Admonition; reprehension; chiding; reprimand; rebuke;
censure; blame. See {Admonition}.
Reprovable \Re*prov"a*ble\ (r?-pr??v"?-b'l), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]prouvable.]
Worthy of reproof or censure. --Jer. Taylor.
Syn: Blamable; blameworthy; censurable; reprehensible;
culpable; rebukable. --{Re*prov"a*ble*ness}, n. --
{Re*prov"a*bly}, adv.
Re proval \Re prov"al\ (-al), n.
Reproof. --Sir P. Sidney.
Reprove \Re*prove"\ (r?-pr??v"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reproved}
(-pr??vd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Reproving}.] [F. r['e]prouver,
OF. reprover, fr. L. reprobare. See {Reprieve}, {Reprobate},
and cf. {Reproof}.]
1. To convince. [Obs.]
When he is come, he will reprove the world of sin,
and of righteousness, and of judgment. --John xvi.
9.
2. To disprove; to refute. [Obs.]
Reprove my allegation, if you can. --Shak.
3. To chide to the face as blameworthy; to accuse as guilty;
to censure.
What if thy son
Prove disobedient, and, reproved, retort,
``Wherefore didst thou beget me?'' --Milton.
4. To express disapprobation of; as, to reprove faults.
He neither reproved the ordinance of John, neither
plainly condemned the fastings of the other men.
--Udall.
Syn: To reprehend; chide; rebuke; scold; blame censure.
Usage: {Reprove}, {Rebuke}, {Reprimand}. These words all
signufy the expression of disapprobation. To reprove
implies greater calmness and self-possession. To
rebuke implies a more excited and personal feeling. A
reproof may be administered long after the offience is
committed, and is usually intended for the reformation
of the offender; a rebuke is commonly given at the
moment of the wrong, and is administered by way of
punishment and condemnation. A reprimand proceeds from
a person invested with authority, and is a formal and
offiscial act. A child is reproved for his faults, and
rebuked for his impudence. A military officer is
reprimanded for neglect or violation of duty.
Reprover \Re*prov"er\ (r?-pr??v"?r), n.
One who, or that which, reproves.
Reprovingly \Re*prov"ing*ly\, adv.
In a reproving manner.
Reprine \Re*prine"\ (r?-pr?n"), v. t.
To prune again or anew.
Yet soon reprunes her wing to soar anew. --Young.
Rep-silver \Rep"-sil`ver\ (r?p"s?l`v?r), n. [See {Reap}.]
Money anciently paid by servile tenants to their lord, in
lieu of the customary service of reaping his corn or grain.
Reptant \Rep"tant\ (r?p"tant), a. [L. reptans, -antis, p. pr. of
reptare, v. intens. from repere to creep. See {Reptile}.]
1. (Bot.) Same as {Repent}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Creeping; crawling; -- said of reptiles, worms,
etc.
Reptantia \Rep*tan"ti*a\ (r?p-t?n"sh?-?), n.pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A divisiom of gastropods; the Pectinibranchiata.
Reptation \Rep*ta"tion\ (r?p-t?"sh?n), n. [L. reptatio, from
reptare: cf. F. reptation.] (Zo["o]l.)
The act of creeping.
Reptatory \Rep"ta*to*ry\ (r?p"t?-t?-r?), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Creeping.
Reptile \Rep"tile\ (r?p"t?l;277), a. [F. reptile, L. reptilis,
fr. repere, reptum, to creep; cf. Lith. reploti; perh. akin
to L. serpere. Cf. {Serpent}.]
1. Creeping; moving on the belly, or by means of small and
short legs.
2. Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; as, a reptile race or crew;
reptile vices.
There is also a false, reptile prudence, the result
not of caution, but of fear. --Burke.
And dislodge their reptile souls From the bodies and
forms of men. --Coleridge.
Reptile \Rep"tile\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) An animal that crawls, or moves on its belly,
as snakes,, or by means of small, short legs, as lizards,
and the like.
An inadvertent step may crush the snail That crawls
at evening in the public path; But he that has
humanity, forewarned, Will tread aside, and let the
reptile live. --Cowper.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the Reptilia, or one of the Amphibia.
Note: The amphibians were formerly classed with Reptilia, and
are still popularly called reptiles, though much more
closely allied to the fishes.
3. A groveling or very mean person.
Reptilia \Rep*til"i*a\ (r?p-t?l"?-?), n.pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A class of air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually
covered with scales or bony plates. The heart generally has
two auricles and one ventricle. The development of the young
is the same as that of birds.
Note: It is nearly related in many respects to Aves, or
birds. The principal existing orders are Testidunata or
Chelonia (turtles), Crocodilia, Lacertilla (lizards),
Ophidia (serpents), and Rhynchocephala; the chief
extinct orders are Dinosauria, Theremorpha, Mosasauria,
Pterosauria, Plesiosauria, Ichtyosauria.
Reptilian \Rep*til"i*an\ (-an), a.
Belonging to the reptiles.
{Reptilian age} (Geol.), that part of geological time
comprising the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods,
and distinguished as that era in which the class of
reptiles attained its highest expansion; -- called also
the {Secondary} or {Mezozoic} age.
Reptilian \Rep*til"i*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Reptilia; a reptile.
Republic \Re*pub"lic\ (r?-p?b"l?k), n. [F. r['e]publique, L.
respublica commonwealth; res a thing, an affair + publicus,
publica, public. See {Real}, a., and {Public}.]
1. Common weal. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
2. A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole
body of the people, and is exercised by representatives
elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. {Democracy}, 2.
Note: In some ancient states called republics the sovereign
power was exercised by an hereditary aristocracy or a
privileged few, constituting a government now
distinctively called an aristocracy. In some there was
a division of authority between an aristocracy and the
whole body of the people except slaves. No existing
republic recognizes an exclusive privilege of any class
to govern, or tolerates the institution of slavery.
{Republic of letters}, The collective body of literary or
learned men.
Republican \Re*pub"lic*an\ (-l?-kan), a. [F. r['e]publicain.]
1. Of or pertaining to a republic.
The Roman emperors were republican magistrates named
by the senate. --Macaulay.
2. Consonant with the principles of a republic; as,
republican sentiments or opinions; republican manners.
{Republican party}. (U.S. Politics)
(a) An earlier name of the Democratic party when it was
opposed to the Federal party. Thomas Jefferson was its
great leader.
(b) One of the existing great parties. It was organized in
1856 by a combination of voters from other parties for
the purpose of opposing the extension of slavery, and
in 1860 it elected Abraham Lincoln president.
Republican \Re*pub"lic*an\ (r?-p?b"l?-kan), n.
1. One who favors or prefers a republican form of government.
2. (U.S.Politics) A member of the Republican party.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The American cliff swallow. The cliff swallows build
their nests side by side, many together.
(b) A South African weaver bird ({Philet[ae]rus socius}).
These weaver birds build many nests together, under a
large rooflike shelter, which they make of straw.
{Red republican}. See under {Red}.
Republicanism \Re*pub"lic*an*ism\ (-?z'm), n. [Cf. F.
r['e]publicanisme.]
1. A republican form or system of government; the principles
or theory of republican government.
2. Attachment to, or political sympathy for, a republican
form of government. --Burke.
3. The principles and policy of the Republican party, so
called [U.S.]
Republicanize \Re*pub"lic*an*ize\ (-?z), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Republicanized} (-?zd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Republicanizing}
(-?`z?ng).] [Cf. F. r['e]publicaniser.]
To change, as a state, into a republic; to republican
principles; as, France was republicanized; to republicanize
the rising generation. --D. Ramsay.
Republicate \Re*pub"li*cate\ (r?*p?b"l?*k?t), v. t. [Cf. LL.
republicare.]
To make public again; to republish. [Obs.]
Republication \Re*pub`li*ca"tion\ (r?-p?b`l?-k?"sh?n), n.
A second publication, or a new publication of something
before published, as of a former will, of a volume already
published, or the like; specifically, the publication in one
country of a work first issued in another; a reprint.
If there be many testaments, the last overthrows all
the former; but the republication of a former will
revokes one of a later date, and establishes the first.
--Blackstone.
Republish \Re*pub"lish\ (r?-p?b"l?sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Republished} (-l?sht); p. pr. & vb. n. {Republishing}.]
To publish anew; specifically, to publish in one country (a
work first published in another); also, to revive (a will) by
re?xecution or codicil.
Subsecquent to the purchase or contract, the devisor
republished his will. --Blackstone.
Republisher \Re*pub"lish*er\ (-?r), n.
One who republishes.
Repudiable \Re*pu"di*a*ble\ (r?-p?"d?-?-b'l), a. [See
{Repudilate}.]
Admitting of repudiation; fit or proper to be put away.
Repudiate \Re*pu"di*ate\ (-?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Repudiated}
(-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Repudiating}.] [L. repudiatus, p.
p. of repudiare to repudiate, reject, fr. repudium
separation, divorce; pref. re- re- + pudere to be ashamed.]
1. To cast off; to disavow; to have nothing to do with; to
renounce; to reject.
Servitude is to be repudiated with greater care.
--Prynne.
2. To divorce, put away, or discard, as a wife, or a woman
one has promised to marry.
His separation from Terentis, whom he repudiated not
long afterward. --Bolingbroke.
3. To refuse to acknowledge or to pay; to disclaim; as, the
State has repudiated its debts.
Repudiation \Re*pu`di*a"tion\ (-[hand]"sh?n), n. [Cf.F.
r['e]pudiation, L. repudiatio.]
The act of repudiating, or the state of being repuddiated;
as, the repudiation of a doctrine, a wife, a debt, etc.
Repudiation \Re*pu`di*a"tion\, n.
One who favors repudiation, especially of a public debt.
Repudiator \Re*pu"di*a`tor\ (r?-p?"d?-?`t?r), n. [L., a
rejecter, contemner.]
One who repudiates.
Repugn \Re*pugn"\ (r?-p?n"), v. t. [F. r['e]pugner, L.
repugnare, repugnatum; pref. re- + pugnare to fight. See
{Pugnacious}.]
To fight against; to oppose; to resist. [R.]
Stubbornly he did repugn the truth. --Shak.
Repugnable \Re*pug"na*ble\ (r?-p?g"n?-b'l), a.
Capable of being repugned or resisted. [R.] --Sir T. North.
Repugnance \Re*pug"nance\ (-nans), Repugnancy \Re*pug"nan*cy\
(-nan-s?), n. [F. r['e]pugnance, L. repugnantia.]
The state or condition of being repugnant; opposition;
contrariety; especially, a strong instinctive antagonism;
aversion; reluctance; unwillingness, as of mind, passions,
principles, qualities, and the like.
That which causes us to lose most of our time is the
repugnance which we naturally have to labor. --Dryden.
Let the foes quietly cut their throats, Without
repugnancy. --Shak.
Syn: Aversion; reluctance; unwillingness; dislike; antipathy;
hatred; hostility; irreconcilableness; contrariety;
inconsistency. See {Dislike}.
Repugnant \Re*pug"nant\ (-nant), a. [F. r['e]pugnant, or L.
repugnans, -antis, p. pr. of repugnare. See {Repugn}.]
Disposed to fight against; hostile; at war with; being at
variance; contrary; inconsistent; refractory; disobedient;
also, distasteful in a high degree; offensive; -- usually
followed by to, rarely and less properly by with; as, all
rudeness was repugnant to her nature.
[His sword] repugnant to command. --Shak.
There is no breach of a divine law but is more or less
repugnant unto the will of the Lawgiver, God himself.
--Perkins.
Syn: Opposite; opposed; adverse; contrary; inconsistent;
irreconcilable; hostile; inimical.
Repugnantly \Re*pug"nant*ly\, adv.
In a repugnant manner.
Repugnate \Re*pug"nate\ (-n?t), v. t. [From L. repugnare. See
{Repugn}.]
To oppose; to fight against. [Obs.]
Repugner \Re*pugn"er\ (r?-p?n"?r), n.
One who repugns.
Repullulate \Re*pul"lu*late\ (r?-p?l"l?-l?t), v. i. [L.
repullulare, repullulatum. See {Pullulate}.]
To bud again.
Though tares repullulate, there is wheat still left in
the field. --Howell.
Repullulation \Re*pul`lu*la"tion\ (r?-p?l`l?-l?"sh?n), n.
The act of budding again; the state of having budded again.
Repulse \Re*pulse"\ (r?-p?ls"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Repulsed}
(-p?lst"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Repulsing}.] [L. repulsus, p. p.
of repellere. See {Repel}.]
1. To repel; to beat or drive back; as, to repulse an
assault; to repulse the enemy.
Complete to have discovered and repulsed Whatever
wiles of foe or seeming friend. --Milton.
2. To repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial; to reject;
to send away; as, to repulse a suitor or a proffer.
Repulse \Re*pulse"\, n. [L. repulsa, fr. repellere, repulsum.]
1. The act of repelling or driving back; also, the state of
being repelled or driven back.
By fate repelled, and with repulses tired. --Denham.
He received in the repulse of Tarquin seven hurts in
the body. --Shak.
2. Figuratively: Refusal; denial; rejection; failure.
Repulseless \Re*pulse"less\, a.
Not capable of being repulsed.
Repulser \Re*puls"er\ (-?r), n.
One who repulses, or drives back.
Repulsion \Re*pul"sion\ (r?-p?l"sh?n), n. [L. repulsio: cf. F.
r['e]pulsion.]
1. The act of repulsing or repelling, or the state of being
repulsed or repelled.
2. A feeling of violent offence or disgust; repugnance.
3. (Physics) The power, either inherent or due to some
physical action, by which bodies, or the particles of
bodies, are made to recede from each other, or to resist
each other's nearer approach; as, molecular repulsion;
electrical repulsion.
Repulsive \Re*pul"sive\ (-s?v), a. [Cf. F. r['e]pulsif.]
1. Serving, or able, to repulse; repellent; as, a repulsive
force.
Repulsive of his might the weapon stood. --Pope.
2. Cold; forbidding; offensive; as, repulsive manners. --
{Re*pul"sive*ly}, adv. -- {Re*pul"sive*ness}, n.
Repulsory \Re*pul"so*ry\ (-s?-r?), a. [L. repulsorius.]
Repulsive; driving back.
Repurchase \Re*pur"chase\ (r?*p?r"ch?s; 48), v. t.
To buy back or again; to regain by purchase. --Sir M. Hale.
Repurchase \Re*pur"chase\, n.
The act of repurchasing.
Repurify \Re*pu"ri*fy\ (r?-p?"r?-f?), v. t.
To purify again.
Reputable \Rep"u*ta*ble\ (r?p"?-t?-b'l), a. [From {Repute}.]
Having, or worthy of, good repute; held in esteem; honorable;
praiseworthy; as, a reputable man or character; reputable
conduct.
In the article of danger, it is as reputable to elude
an enemy as defeat one. --Broome.
Syn: Respectable; creditable; estimable. -- {Rep"u
ta*ble*ness}, n. -- {Rep"u*ta*bly}, adv.
Reputation \Rep`u*ta"tion\ (-t?"sh?n), n. [F. r['e]putation, L.
reputatio a reckoning, consideration. See {Repute}, v. t.]
1. The estimation in which one is held; character in public
opinion; the character attributed to a person, thing, or
action; repute.
The best evidence of reputation is a man's whole
life. --Ames.
2. (Law) The character imputed to a person in the community
in which he lives. It is admissible in evidence when he
puts his character in issue, or when such reputation is
otherwise part of the issue of a case.
3. Specifically: Good reputation; favorable regard; public
esteem; general credit; good name.
I see my reputation is at stake. --Shak.
The security of his reputation or good name.
--Blackstone.
4. Account; value. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[/Christ] made himself of no reputation. --Phil. ii.
7.
Syn: Credit; repute; regard; estimation; esteem; honor; fame.
See the Note under {Character}.
Reputatively \Re*put"a*tive*ly\ (r?-p?t"?-t?v-l?), adv.
By repute.
Repute \Re*pute"\ (r?-p?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reputed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Reputing}.] [F. r['e]puter, L. reputare to
count over, think over; pref. re- re- + putare to count,
think. See {Putative}.]
To hold in thought; to account; to estimate; to hold; to
think; to reckon.
Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed vile in
your sight? --Job xviii.
3.
The king your father was reputed for A prince most
prudent. --Shak.
Repute \Re*pute"\, n.
1. Character reputed or attributed; reputation, whether good
or bad; established opinion; public estimate.
He who regns Monarch in heaven, till then as one
secure Sat on his throne, upheld by old repute.
--Milton.
2. Specifically: Good character or reputation; credit or
honor derived from common or public opinion; -- opposed to
disrepute. ``Dead stocks, which have been of repute.''
--F. Beaumont.
Reputedly \Re*put"ed*ly\ (r?-p?t"?d-l?), adv.
In common opinion or estimation; by repute.
Reputeless \Re*pute"less\, a.
Not having good repute; disreputable; disgraceful; inglorius.
[R.] --Shak.
Requere \Re*quere"\ (r?--kw?r"), v. t.
To require. [Obs.]
Request \Re*quest"\ (r?-kw[hand]st"), n. [OE. requeste, OF.
requeste, F. requ?te, LL. requesta, for requisita, fr. L.
requirere, requisitum, to seek again, ask for. See {Require},
and cf. {Quest}.]
1. The act of asking for anything desired; expression of
desire or demand; solicitation; prayer; petition;
entreaty.
I will marry her, sir, at your request. --Shak.
2. That which is asked for or requested. ``He gave them their
request.'' --Ps. cvi. 15.
I will both hear and grant you your requests.
--Shak.
3. A state of being desired or held in such estimation as to
be sought after or asked for; demand.
Knowledge and fame were in as great request as
wealth among us now. --Sir W.
Temple.
{Court of Requests}.
(a) A local tribunal, sometimes called {Court of
Consience}, founded by act of Parliament to facilitate
the recovery of small debts from any inhabitant or
trader in the district defined by the act; -- now
mostly abolished.
(b) A court of equity for the relief of such persons as
addressed the sovereign by supplication; -- now
abolished. It was inferior to the Court of Chancery.
[Eng.] --Brande & C.
Syn: Asking; solicitation; petition; prayer; supplication;
entreaty; suit.
Request \Re*quest"\ (r?-kw?st"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Requested}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Requesting}.] [Cf. OF.
requester, F. requ[^e]ter.]
1. To ask for (something); to express desire ffor; to
solicit; as, to request his presence, or a favor.
2. To address with a request; to ask.
I request you To give my poor host freedom. --Shak.
Syn: To ask; solicit; entreat; beseech. See {Beg}.
Requester \Re*quest"er\ (-?r), n.
One who requests; a petitioner.
Requicken \Re*quick"en\ (r?-kw?k"'n), v. t.
To quicken anew; to reanimate; to give new life to. --Shak.
Requiem \Re"qui*em\ (r?"kw?-?m;277), n. [Acc. of L. requies
rest, the first words of the Mass being ``Requiem aeternam
dona eis, Domine,'' give eternal rest to them, O lord; pref.
re- re + quies quiet. See {Quiet}, n., and cf. {Requin}.]
1. (R.C.Ch.) A mass said or sung for the repose of a departed
soul.
We should profane the service of the dead To sing a
requiem and such rest to her As to peace-parted
souls. --Shak.
2. Any grand musical composition, performed in honor of a
deceased person.
3. Rest; quiet; peace. [Obs.]
Else had I an eternal requiem kept, And in the arms
of peace forever slept. --Sandys.
Requietory \Re*qui"e*to*ry\ (r?-kw?"?-t?-r?), n. [L.
requietorium, fr. requiescere, requietum, to rest. See {Re}-,
and {Quiesce}.]
A sepulcher. [Obs.] --Weever.
Requin \Re"quin\ (r?"kw?n), n. [F., fr. reqiem a Mass sung for
the dead. See {Requiem}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The man-eater, or white shark ({Carcharodon carcharias}); --
so called on account of its causing requiems to be sung.
Requirable \Re*quir"a*ble\ (r?-kw?r"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being required; proper to be required. --Sir M.
Hale.
Require \Re*quire"\ (r?-kw?r"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Required}
(-kw?rd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Requiring}.] [OE. requeren,
requiren, OF. requerre, F. requ?rir; L. pref. re- re- +
quaerere to ask; cf. L. requirere. See {Query}, and cf.
{Request}, {Requisite}.]
1. To demand; to insist upon having; to claim as by right and
authority; to exact; as, to require the surrender of
property.
Shall I say to C[ae]sar What you require of him?
--Shak.
By nature did what was by law required. --Dryden.
2. To demand or exact as indispensable; to need.
just gave what life required, and gave no more.
--Goldsmith.
The two last [biographies] require to be
particularly noticed. --J. A.
Symonds.
3. To ask as a favor; to request.
I was ashamed to require of the king a band of
soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy
in the way. --Ezra viii.
22.
Syn: To claim; exact; enjoin; prescribe; direct; order;
demand; need.
Requirement \Re*quire"ment\ (-ment), n.
1. The act of requiring; demand; requisition.
2. That which is required; an imperative or authoritative
command; an essential condition; something needed or
necessary; a need.
One of those who believe that they can fill up every
requirement contained in the rule of righteousness.
--J. M. Mason.
God gave her the child, and gave her too an
instinctive knowledge of its nature and
requirements. --Hawthorne.
Requirer \Re*quir"er\ (-kw?r"?r), n.
One who requires.
Requisite \Req"ui*site\ (r?k"w?-z?t), n.
That which is required, or is necessary; something
indispensable.
God, on his part, has declared the requisites on ours;
what we must do to obtain blessings, is the great
business of us all to know. --Wake.
Requisite \Req"ui*site\, a. [L. requisitus, p. p. requirere;
pref. re- re- + quaerere to ask. See {Require}.]
Required by the nature of things, or by circumstances; ??
needful that it can not be dispensed with; necessary
indispensable.
All truth requisite for men to know. --Milton.
Syn: Necessary; needful; indispensable; essential. --
{Req"ui*site*ly}, adv. -- {Req"ui*site*ness}, n.
Requisition \Req`ui*si"tion\ (r?k`w?-z?sh"?n), n.[Cf. F.
r['e]quisition, L. requisitio a searching.]
1. The act of requiring, as of right; a demand or application
made as by authority. Specifically:
(a) (International Law) A formal demand made by one state
or government upon another for the surrender or
extradition of a fugitive from justice. --Kent.
(b) (Law) A notarial demand of a debt. --Wharton.
(c) (Mil.) A demand by the invader upon the people of an
invaded country for supplies, as of provision, forage,
transportation, etc. --Farrow.
(d) A formal application by one officer to another for
things needed in the public service; as, a requisition
for clothing, troops, or money.
2. That which is required by authority; especially, a quota
of supplies or necessaries.
3. A written or normal call; an invitation; a summons; as, a
reqisition for a public meeting. [Eng.]
Requisition \Req`ui*si"tion\, v. t.
1. To make a reqisition on or for; as, to requisition a
district for forage; to requisition troops.
2. To present a requisition to; to summon request; as, to
requisition a person to be a candidate. [Eng.]
Requisitionist \Req`ui*si"tion*ist\, n.
One who makes or signs a requisition.
Requisitive \Re*quis"i*tive\ (r?-kw?z"?-t?v), a.
Expressing or implying demand. [R.] --Harris.
Requisitive \Re*quis"i*tive\, n.
One who, or that which, makes requisition; a requisitionist.
[R.]
Requisitor \Re*quis"i*tor\ (-t?r), n.
One who makes reqisition; esp., one authorized by a
requisition to investigate facts.
Requisitory \Re*quis"i*to*ry\ (-t?-r?), a.
Sought for; demanded. [R.] --Summary on Du Bartas (1621).
Requitable \Re*quit"a*ble\ (-kw?t"?-b'l), a.
That may be requited.
Requital \Re*quit"al\ (-al), n. [From {Requite}.]
The act of requiting; also, that which requites; return, good
or bad, for anything done; in a good sense, compensation;
recompense; as, the requital of services; in a bad sense,
retaliation, or punishment; as, the requital of evil deeds.
No merit their aversion can remove, Nor ill requital
can efface their love. --Waller.
Syn: Compensation; recompense; remuneration; reward;
satisfaction; payment; retribution; retaliation;
reprisal; punishment.
Requite \Re"quite"\ (r?-kw?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Requited};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Requiting}.] [Pref. re- + quit.]
To repay; in a good sense, to recompense; to return (an
equivalent) in good; to reward; in a bad sense, to retaliate;
to return (evil) for evil; to punish.
He can requite thee; for he knows the charma That call
fame on such gentle acts as these. --Milton.
Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and
spite, to requite it with thy hand. --Ps. x. 14.
Syn: To repay; reward; pay; compensate; remunerate; satisfy;
recompense; punish; revenge.
Requitement \Re*quite"ment\ (-ment), n.
Requital [Obs.] --E. Hall.
Requiter \Re*quit"er\ (-kw?t"?r), n.
One who requites.
Rerebrace \Rere"brace`\ (r?r"br?s"), n. [F. arri?re-bras.] (Anc.
Armor)
Armor for the upper part of the arm. --Fairholt.
Reredemain \Rere`de*main"\ (-d?-m?n"), n. [F. arri?re back + de
of + main hand.]
A backward stroke. [Obs.]
Reredos \Rere"dos\ (r?r"d?s), n. [From rear + F. dos back, L.
dorsum. Cf. {Dorsal}.] (Arch.)
(a) A screen or partition wall behind an altar.
(b) The back of a fireplace.
(c) The open hearth, upon which fires were lighted,
immediately under the louver, in the center of ancient
halls. [Also spelt {reredosse}.] --Fairholt.
Rerefief \Rere"fief`\ (r?r"f?f`), n. [F. arri[`e]re-fief. See
{Rear} hinder, and {Fief}.] (Scots Law)
A fief held of a superior feudatory; a fief held by an under
tenant. --Blackstone.
Rereign \Re*reign"\ (r?-r?n"), v. i.
To reign again.
Re-reiterate \Re`-re*it"er*ate\ (r?`r?-?t"?r-?t), v. t.
To reiterate many times. [R.] ``My re-reiterated wish.''
--Tennyson.
Reremouse \Rere"mouse`\ (r?r"mous`), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A rearmouse.
Re-resolve \Re`-re*solve"\ (r?`r?-z?lv"), v. t. & i.
To resolve again.
Resolves, and re-resolves, then dies the same. --Young.
Rereward \Rere"ward`\ (r?r"w?rd`), n. [See {Rearward}.]
The rear quard of an army. [Obs.]
Res \Res\ (r?z), n.; pl. {Res}. [L.]
A thing; the particular thing; a matter; a point.
{Res gest[ae]} [L., things done] (Law), the facts which form
the environment of a litigated issue. --Wharton.
{Res judicata} [L.] (Law), a thing adjudicated; a matter no
longer open to controversy.
Resail \Re*sail"\ (r?-s?l"), v. t. & i.
To sail again; also, to sail back, as to a former port.
Resale \Re*sale"\ (r?-s?l" or r?"s?l), n.
A sale at second hand, or at retail; also, a second sale.
--Bacon.
Resalgar \Re*sal"gar\ (r?-s?l"g?r), n.
Realgar. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Resalute \Re`sa*lute"\ (r?`s?-l?t"), v. t.
To salute again.
Resaw \Re*saw"\ (r?-s?"), v. t.
To saw again; specifically, to saw a balk, or a timber, which
has already been squared, into dimension lumber, as joists,
boards, etc.
Rescat \Res"cat\ (r?s"k?t), v. t. [Sp. rescattar.]
To ransom; to release; to rescue. [Obs.] --Howell.
Rescat \Res"cat\, n. [Sp. rescate.]
Ransom; release. [Obs.]
Rescind \Re*scind"\ (r?-s?nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rescinded};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Rescinding}.] [L. rescindere, rescissum;
pref re- re- + scindere to cut, split: cf. F. rescinder. See
{Shism}.]
1. To cut off; to abrogate; to annul.
The blessed Jesus . . . did sacramentally rescind
the impure relics of Adam and the contraction of
evil customs. --Jer. Taylor.
2. Specifically, to vacate or make void, as an act, by the
enacting authority or by superior authority; to repeal;
as, to rescind a law, a resolution, or a vote; to rescind
a decree or a judgment.
Syn: To revoke; repeal; abrogate; annul; recall; reverse;
vacate; void.
Rescindable \Re*scind"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being rescinded.
Rescindment \Re*scind"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of rescinding; rescission.
Rescission \Re*scis"sion\ (r?-s?zh"?n), n. [L. rescissio: cf. F.
rescission. See {Rescind}.]
The act of rescinding, abrogating, annulling, or vacating;
as, the rescission of a law, decree, or judgment.
Rescissory \Re*scis"so*ry\ (r?-s?z"?-r? or r?-s?s"-), a. [L.
rescissorius: cf. F. rescisoire.]
Tending to rescind; rescinding.
To pass a general act rescissory (as it was called),
annulling all the Parliaments that had been held since
the year 1633. --Bp. Burnet.
Rescous \Res"cous\ (r?s"k?s), n. [OE., fr. OF. rescousse, fr.
rescourre, p. p. rescous, to rescue. See {Rescue}.]
1. Rescue; deliverance. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. (Law) See {Rescue}, 2. [Obs.]
Rescowe \Res"cowe\ (r?s"kou), v. t.
To rescue. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rescribe \Re*scribe"\ (r?-skr?b"), v. t. [L. rescribere; pref.
re- re- + scribere to write. See {Scribe}.]
1. To write back; to write in reply. --Ayliffe.
2. To write over again. --Howell.
Rescript \Re"script\ (r?"skr?pt), n. [L. rescriptum: cf. F.
rescrit, formerly also spelt rescript. See {Rescribe},v. t.]
1. (Rom.Antiq.) The answer of an emperor when
formallyconsulted by particular persons on some difficult
question; hence, an edict or decree.
In their rescripts and other ordinances, the Roman
emperors spoke in the plural number. --Hare.
2. (R.C.Ch.) The official written answer of the pope upon a
question of canon law, or morals.
3. A counterpart. --Bouvier.
Rescription \Re*scrip"tion\ (r?-skr?p"sh?n), n. [L. rescriptio:
cf. F. rescription. See {Rescribe}.]
A writing back; the answering of a letter. --Loveday.
Rescriptive \Re*scrip"tive\ (-t?v), a.
Pertaining to, or answering the purpose of, a rescript;
hence, deciding; settling; determining.
Rescriptively \Re*scrip"tive*ly\, adv.
By rescript. --Burke.
Rescuable \Res"cu*a*ble\ (r?s"k?-?-b'l), a.
That may be rescued.
Rescue \Res"cue\ (r?s"k?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rescued}
(-k?d);p. pr. & vb. n. {Rescuing}.] [OE. rescopuen, OF.
rescourre, rescurre, rescorre; L. pref. re- re- + excutere to
shake or drive out; ex out + quatere to shake. See {Qtash} to
crush, {Rercussion}.]
To free or deliver from any confinement, violence, danger, or
evil; to liberate from actual restraint; to remove or
withdraw from a state of exposure to evil; as, to rescue a
prisoner from the enemy; to rescue seamen from destruction.
Had I been seized by a hungry lion, I would have been a
breakfast to the best, Rather than have false Proteus
rescue me. --Shak.
Syn: To retake; recapture; free; deliver; liberate; release;
save.
Rescue \Res"cue\ (r?s"k?), n. [From {Rescue}, v.; cf.
{Rescous}.]
1. The act of rescuing; deliverance from restraint, violence,
or danger; liberation.
Spur to the rescue of the noble Talbot. --Shak.
2. (Law)
(a) The forcible retaking, or taking away, against law, of
things lawfully distrained.
(b) The forcible liberation of a person from an arrest or
imprisonment.
(c) The retaking by a party captured of a prize made by
the enemy. --Bouvier.
The rescue of a prisoner from the court is
punished with perpetual imprisonment and
forfeiture of goods. --Blackstone.
{Rescue grass}. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A tall grass
({Ceratochloa unioloides}) somewhat resembling chess,
cultivated for hay and forage in the Southern States.
Rescueless \Res"cue*less\, a.
Without rescue or release.
Rescuer \Res"cu*er\ (-k?-?r), n.
One who rescues.
Rescussee \Res`cus*see"\ (r?s`k?s-s?"), n. (O.Eng. Law)
The party in whose favor a rescue is made. --Crabb.
Rescussor \Res*cus"sor\ (r?s-k?s"s?r), n. [LL.] (O.Eng.Law)
One who makes an unlawful rescue; a rescuer. --Burril.
Rese \Rese\ (r?z), v. i.
To shake; to quake; to tremble. [Obs.] ``It made all the
gates for to rese.'' --Chaucer.
Re-search \Re-search"\ (r?-s?rch"), v. t. [Pref. re- + search.]
To search again; to examine anew.
Research \Re*search"\ (r?-s?rch"), n. [Pref. re- + search: cf
OF. recerche, F. recherche.]
Diligent inquiry or examination in seeking facts or
principles; laborious or continued search after truth; as,
researches of human wisdom.
The dearest interests of parties have frequently been
staked on the results of the researches of antiquaries.
--Macaulay.
Syn: Investigation; examination; inquiry; scrutiny.
Research \Re*search"\, v. t. [Pref. re- + search: cf. OF.
recerchier, F. rechercher.]
To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently.
Researcher \Re*search"er\ (-?r), n.
One who researches.
Researchful \Re*search"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Making researches; inquisitive. [R.] --Coleridge.
Reseat \Re*seat"\ (r?-s?t"), v. t.
1. To seat or set again, as on a chair, throne, etc.
--Dryden.
2. To put a new seat, or new seats, in; as, to reseat a
theater; to reseat a chair or trousers.
Resect \Re*sect"\ (r?-s?kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Resected};p.
pr. & vb. n. {Resecting}.] [L. resectus, p. p. of resecare to
cut off; pref. re- re- + secare to cut.]
To cut or pare off; to remove by cutting.
Resection \Re*sec"tion\ (r?-s?k"sh?n), n. [L. resectio: cf. F.
r['e]section.]
1. The act of cutting or paring off. --Cotgrave.
2. (Surg.) The removal of the articular extremity of a bone,
or of the ends of the bones in a false articulation.
Reseda \Re*se"da\ (r?-s?"d?), n. [L., a kind of plant.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants, the type of which is mignonette.
2. A grayish green color, like that of the flowers of
mignonette.
Reseek \Re*seek"\ (r?-s?k"), v. t.
To seek again. --J. Barlow.
Reseize \Re*seize"\ (r?-s?z"), v. t. [Pref. re- + seize: cf. F.
ressaisir.]
1. To seize again, or a second time.
2. To put in possession again; to reinstate.
And then therein [in his kingdom] reseized was
again. --Spenser.
3. (Law) To take possession of, as lands and tenements which
have been disseized.
The sheriff is commanded to reseize the land and all
the chattels thereon, and keep the same in his
custody till the arrival of the justices of assize.
--Blackstone.
Reseizer \Re*seiz"er\ (-s?z"?r), n.
1. One who seizes again.
2. (Eng. Law) The taking of lands into the hands of the king
where a general livery, or oustre le main, was formerly
mis-sued, contrary to the form and order of law.
Reseizure \Re*sei"zure\ (r?-s?"zh?r; 135), n.
A second seizure; the act of seizing again. --Bacon.
Resell \Re*sell"\ (r?-s?l"), v. t.
To sell again; to sell what has been bought or sold; to
retail.
Resemblable \Re*sem"bla*ble\ (r?-z?m"bl?-b'l), a. [See
{Resemble}.]
Admitting of being compared; like. [Obs.] --Gower.
Resemblance \Re*sem"blance\ (-blans), n. [Cf. F. ressemblance.
See {Resemble}.]
1. The quality or state of resembling; likeness; similitude;
similarity.
One main end of poetry and painting is to please;
they bear a great resemblance to each other.
--Dryden.
2. That which resembles, or is similar; a representation; a
likeness.
These sensible things, which religion hath allowed,
are resemblances formed according to things
spiritual. --Hooker.
3. A comparison; a simile. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
4. Probability; verisimilitude. [Obs.] --Shak.
Syn: Likeness; similarity; similitude; semblance;
representation; image.
Resemblant \Re*sem"blant\ (-blant), a. [F., a . and p. pr. fr.
ressembler to resemble. See {Resemble}.]
Having or exhibiting resemblance; resembling. [R.] --Gower.
Resemble \Re*sem"ble\ (r?-z?m"b'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Resembled} (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Resembling} (-bl?ng).]
[F. ressembler; pref. re- re- + sembler to seem, resemble,
fr. L. similare, simulare, to imitate, fr. similis like,
similar. See {Similar}.]
1. To be like or similar to; to bear the similitude of,
either in appearance or qualities; as, these brothers
resemble each other.
We will resemble you in that. --Shak.
2. To liken; to compare; to represent as like. [Obs.]
The other . . . He did resemble to his lady bright.
--Spenser.
3. To counterfeit; to imitate. [Obs.] ``They can so well
resemble man's speech.'' --Holland.
4. To cause to imitate or be like. [R.] --H. Bushnell.
Resembler \Re*sem"bler\ (r?-z?m"bl?r), n.
One who resembles.
Resemblingly \Re*sem"bling*ly\ (-bl?ng-l?), adv.
So as to resemble; with resemblance or likeness.
Reseminate \Re*sem"i*nate\ (-s?m"?-n?t), v. t. [L. pref. re-
again + seminatus, p. p. of seminare to sow.]
To produce again by means of seed. [Obs.] --Sir. T. Browne.
Resend \Re*send"\ (r?-s?nd"), v. t.
1. To send again; as, to resend a message.
2. To send back; as, to resend a gift. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. (Telegraphy) To send on from an intermediate station by
means of a repeater.
Resent \Re*sent"\ (r?-z?nt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Resented}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Resenting}.] [F. ressentir; L. pref. re- re- +
sentire to feel. See {Sense}.]
1. To be sensible of; to feel; as:
(a) In a good sense, to take well; to receive with
satisfaction. [Obs.]
Which makes the tragical ends of noble persons
more favorably resented by compassionate
readers. --Sir T.
Browne.
(b) In a bad sense, to take ill; to consider as an injury
or affront; to be indignant at.
2. To express or exhibit displeasure or indignation at, as by
words or acts.
The good prince King James . . . bore dishonorably
what he might have resented safely. --Bolingbroke.
3. To recognize; to perceive, especially as if by smelling;
-- associated in meaning with sent, the older spelling of
scent to smell. See {Resent}, v. i. [Obs.]
This bird of prey resented a worse than earthly
savor in the soul of Saul. --Fuller.
Our King Henry the Seventh quickly resented his
drift. --Fuller.
Resent \Re*sent"\, v. i.
1. To feel resentment. --Swift.
2. To give forth an odor; to smell; to savor. [Obs.]
The judicious prelate will prefer a drop of the
sincere milk of the word before vessels full of
traditionary pottage resenting of the wild gourd of
human invention. --Fuller.
Resenter \Re*sent"er\ (-?r), n.
One who resents. --Sir H. Wotton.
Resentful \Re*sent"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Inclined to resent; easily provoked to anger; irritable. --
{Re*sent"ful*ly}, adv.
Resentiment \Re*sent"i*ment\ (-?-ment), n.
Resentment. [Obs.]
Resentingly \Re*sent"ing*ly\, adv.
1. With deep sense or strong perception. [Obs.] --Dr. H.
More.
2. With a sense of wrong or affront; with resentment.
Resentive \Re*sent"ive\ (-?v), a.
Resentful. [R.] --Thomson.
Resentment \Re*sent"ment\ (-ment), n. [F. ressentiment.]
1. The act of resenting.
2. The state of holding something in the mind as a subject of
contemplation, or of being inclined to reflect upon
something; a state of consciousness; conviction; feeling;
impression. [Obs.]
He retains vivid resentments of the more solid
morality. --Dr. H. More.
It is a greater wonder that so many of them die,
with so little resentment of their danger. --Jer.
Taylor.
3. In a good sense, satisfaction; gratitude. [Obs.]
The Council taking notice of the many good services
performed by Mr. John Milton, . . . have thought fit
to declare their resentment and good acceptance of
the same. --The Council
Book (1651).
4. In a bad sense, strong displeasure; anger; hostility
provoked by a wrong or injury experienced.
Resentment . . . is a deep, reflective displeasure
against the conduct of the offender. --Cogan.
Syn: Anger; irritation; vexation; displeasure; grudge;
indignation; choler; gall; ire; wrath; rage; fury.
Usage: {Resentment}, {Anger}. Anger is the broader term,
denoting a keen sense of disapprobation (usually with
a desire to punish) for whatever we feel to be wrong,
whether directed toward ourselves or others.
Resentment is anger exicted by a sense of personal
injury. It is, etymologically, that reaction of the
mind which we instinctively feel when we think
ourselves wronged. Pride and selfishness are apt to
aggravate this feeling until it changes into a
criminal animosity; and this is now the more common
signification of the term. Being founded in a sense of
injury, this feeling is hard to be removed; and hence
the expressions bitter or implacable resentment. See
{Anger}.
Anger is like A full-hot horse, who being
allowed his way, Self-mettle tires him. --Shak.
Can heavently minds such high resentment show,
Or exercise their spite in human woe? --Dryden.
Reserate \Res"er*ate\ (r?s"?r-?t), v. t. [L. reseratus, p. p. of
reserare to unlock.]
To unlock; to open. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Reservance \Re*serv"ance\ (r?-z?rv"ans), n.
Reservation. [R.]
Reservation \Res`er*va"tion\ (r?z`?r-v?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
r['e]servation, LL. reservatio. See {Reserve}.]
1. The act of reserving, or keeping back; concealment, or
withholding from disclosure; reserve. --A. Smith.
With reservation of an hundred knights. --Shak.
Make some reservation of your wrongs. --Shak.
2. Something withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or
not given up or brought forward. --Dryden.
3. A tract of the public land reserved for some special use,
as for schools, for the use of Indians, etc. [U.S.]
4. The state of being reserved, or kept in store. --Shak.
5. (Law)
(a) A clause in an instrument by which some new thing is
reserved out of the thing granted, and not in esse
before.
(b) A proviso. --Kent.
Note: This term is often used in the same sense with
exception, the technical distinction being disregarded.
6. (Eccl.)
(a) The portion of the sacramental elements reserved for
purposes of devotion and for the communion of the
absent and sick.
(b) A term of canon law, which signifies that the pope
reserves to himself appointment to certain benefices.
{Mental reservation}, the withholding, or failing to
disclose, something that affects a statement, promise,
etc., and which, if disclosed, would materially change its
import.
Reservative \Re*serv"a*tive\ (r?-z?rv"?-t?v), a.
Tending to reserve or keep; keeping; reserving.
Reservatory \Re*serv"a*to*ry\ (-t?-r?), n. [LL.
reservatorium,fr. L. resservare. See {Reserve}, v. t., and
cf. {Reservior}.]
A place in which things are reserved or kept. --Woodward.
Reserve \Re*serve"\ (r?-z?rv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reserved}.
(z?rvd");p. pr. & vb. n. {Reserving}.] [F. r['e]server, L.
reservare, reservatum; pref. re- re- + servare to keep. See
{Serve}.]
1. To keep back; to retain; not to deliver, make over, or
disclose. ``I have reserved to myself nothing.'' --Shak.
2. Hence, to keep in store for future or special use; to
withhold from present use for another purpose or time; to
keep; to retain. --Gen. xxvii. 35.
Hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, which I
have reserved against the time of trouble? --Job
xxxviii.
22,23.
Reserve your kind looks and language for private
hours. --Swift.
3. To make an exception of; to except. [R.]
Reserve \Re*serve"\, n. [F. r['e]serve.]
1. The act of reserving, or keeping back; reservation.
However any one may concur in the general scheme, it
is still with certain reserves and deviations.
--Addison.
2. That which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use.
The virgins, besides the oil in their lamps, carried
likewise a reserve in some other vessel for a
continual supply. --Tillotson.
3. That which is excepted; exception.
Each has some darling lust, which pleads for a
reserve. --Rogers.
4. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness;
caution in personal behavior.
My soul, surprised, and from her sex disjoined, Left
all reserve, and all the sex, behind. --Prior.
The clergyman's shy and sensitive reserve had balked
this scheme. --Hawthorne.
5. A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular
purpose; as, the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio, originally
set apart for the school fund of Connecticut; the Clergy
Reserves in Canada, for the support of the clergy.
6. (Mil.) A body of troops in the rear of an army drawn up
for battle, reserved to support the other lines as
occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for
an exigency.
7. (Banking) Funds kept on hand to meet liabilities.
{In reserve}, in keeping for other or future use; in store;
as, he has large quantities of wheat in reserve; he has
evidence or arguments in reserve.
{Reserve air}. (Physiol.) Same as {Supplemental air}, under
{Supplemental}.
Syn: Reservation; retention; limitation; backwardness;
reservedness; coldness; restraint; shyness; coyness;
modesty.
Reserved \Re*served"\ (-z?rvd"), a.
1. Kept for future or special use, or for an exigency; as,
reserved troops; a reserved seat in a theater.
2. Restrained from freedom in words or actions; backward, or
cautious, in communicating one's thoughts and feelings;
not free or frank.
To all obliging, yet reserved to all. --Walsh.
Nothing reserved or sullen was to see. --Dryden.
-- {Re*serv"ed*ly} (r?-z?rv"?d-l?), adv. --
{Re*serv"ed*ness}, n.
Reservee \Res`er*vee"\ (r[e^]z`[~e]r*v[=e]"), n.
One to, or for, whom anything is reserved; -- contrasted with
reservor.
Reserver \Re*serv"er\ (r[-e]*z[~e]rv"[~e]r), n.
One who reserves.
Reservist \Re*serv"ist\, n.
A member of a reserve force of soldiers or militia. [Eng.]
Reservoir \Res"er*voir`\ (r[e^]z"[~e]r*vw[^o]r`; 277), n. [F.
r['e]servoir, fr. LL. reservatorium. See {Reservatory}.]
1. A place where anything is kept in store; especially, a
place where water is collected and kept for use when
wanted, as to supply a fountain, a canal, or a city by
means of aqueducts, or to drive a mill wheel, or the like.
2. (Bot.) A small intercellular space, often containing
resin, essential oil, or some other secreted matter.
{Receiving reservoir} (Water Works), a principal reservoir
into which an aqueduct or rising main delivers water, and
from which a distributing reservoir draws its supply.
Reservor \Re*serv"or\ (r?-z?rv"?r or r?z`?r-v?r), n.
One who reserves; a reserver.
Reset \Re*set"\ (r?-s?t"), v. t.
To set again; as, to reset type; to reset copy; to reset a
diamond.
Reset \Re"set\ (r?"s?t), n.
1. The act of resetting.
2. (Print.) That which is reset; matter set up again.
Reset \Re*set"\ (r?-s?t"), n. [OF. recete, recepte, a receiving.
Cf. {Receipt}.] (Scots Law)
The receiving of stolen goods, or harboring an outlaw.
--Jamieson.
Reset \Re*set"\, v. t. (Scots Law)
To harbor or secrete; to hide, as stolen goods or a criminal.
We shall see if an English hound is to harbor and reset
the Southrons here. --Sir. W.
Scott.
Resetter \Re*set"ter\ (-t?r), n. (Scots Law)
One who receives or conceals, as stolen goods or criminal.
Resetter \Re*set"ter\ (r?-S?t"t?r), n.
One who resets, or sets again.
Resettle \Re*set"tle\ (r?-s?t"t'l), v. t.
To settle again. --Swift.
Resettle \Re*set"tle\, v. i.
To settle again, or a second time.
Resettlement \Re*set"tle*ment\ (-ment), n.
Act of settling again, or state of being settled again; as,
the resettlement of lees.
The resettlement of my discomposed soul. --Norris.
Reshape \Re*shape"\ (r?-sh?p"), v. t.
To shape again.
Reship \Re*ship"\ (r?-sh?p"), v. t.
To ship again; to put on board of a vessel a second time; to
send on a second voyage; as, to reship bonded merchandise.
Reship \Re*ship"\, v. i.
To engage one's self again for service on board of a vessel
after having been discharged.
Reshipment \Re*ship"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of reshipping; also, that which is reshippped.
Reshipper \Re*ship"per\ (-p?r), n.
One who reships.
Resiance \Res`i*ance\ (r?z"?-ans), n. [LL. reseantia, ?? OF.
reseance.]
Residence; abode. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Resiant \Res"i*ant\ (-ant), a. [OF. reseant, resseant, L.
residens. See {Resident}.]
Resident; present in a place. [Obs.]
In which her kingdom's throne is chiefly resiant.
--Spenser.
Resiant \Res"i*ant\, n.
A resident. [Obs.] --Sir T. More.
Reside \Re*side"\ (r?-z?d"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Resided}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Residing}.] [F. r['e]sider, L. residere; pref.
re- re- + sedere to sit. See {Sit}. ]
1. To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a
settled abode for a time; to abide continuosly; to have
one's domicile of home; to remain for a long time.
At the moated grange, resides this dejected Mariana.
--Shak.
In no fixed place the happy souls reside. --Dryden.
2. To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to lie or be
as in attribute or element.
In such like acts, the duty and virtue of
contentedness doth especially reside. --Barrow.
3. To sink; to settle, as sediment. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Syn: To dwell; inhabit; sojourn; abide; remain; live;
domiciliate; domicile.
Residence \Res"i*dence\ (r?z"?-dens), n. [F. r['e]sidence. See
{Resident}.]
1. The act or fact of residing, abiding, or dwelling in a
place for some continuance of time; as, the residence of
an American in France or Italy for a year.
The confessor had often made considerable residences
in Normandy. --Sir M. Hale.
2. The place where one resides; an abode; a dwelling or
habitation; esp., a settled or permanent home or domicile.
``Near the residence of Posthumus.'' --Shak.
Johnson took up his residence in London. --Macaulay.
3. (Eng.Eccl.Law) The residing of an incumbent on his
benefice; -- opposed to nonresidence.
4. The place where anything rests permanently.
But when a king sets himself to bandy against the
highest court and residence of all his regal power,
he then, . . . fights against his own majesty and
kingship. --Milton.
5. Subsidence, as of a sediment. [Obs.] --Bacon.
6. That which falls to the bottom of liquors; sediment; also,
refuse; residuum. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Syn: Domiciliation; sojourn; stay; abode; home; dwelling;
habitation; domicile; mansion.
Resedency \Res"e*den*cy\ (-den-s?), n.
1. Residence. [Obsoles.]
2. A political agency at a native court in British India,
held by an officer styled the Residentl: also, a Dutch
commercial colony or province in the East Indies.
Resident \Res"i*dent\ (-dent), a. [F. r['e]sident, L. residens,
-entis, p. pr. of residere. See {Reside}.]
1. Dwelling, or having an abode, in a place for a continued
length of time; residing on one's own estate; -- opposed
to nonresident; as, resident in the city or in the
country.
2. Fixed; stable; certain. [Obs.] ``Stable and resident like
a rock.'' --Jer. TAylor.
One there still resident as day and night.
--Davenant.
Resident \Res"i*dent\, n.
1. One who resides or dwells in a place for some time.
2. A diplomatic representative who resides at a foreign
court; -- a term usualy applied to ministers of a rank
inferrior to that of ambassadors. See the Note under
{Minister}, 4.
Residenter \Res"i*dent*er\ (-$r), n.
A resident. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Residential \Res`i*den""tial\ (-d?n"shal), a.
1. Of or pertaining to a residence or residents; as,
residential trade.
2. Residing; residentiary. [R.]
Residentiary \Res`i*den"tia*ry\ (-d?n"sh?-r?; 277), a. [LL.
residentiaris.]
Having residence; as, a canon residentary; a residentiary
guardian. --Dr. H. More.
Residentiary \Res`i*den"tia*ry\, n.
1. One who is resident.
The residentiary, or the frequent visitor of the
favored spot, . . . will discover that both have
been there. --Coleridge.
2. An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence.
Syn: Inhabitant; inhabiter; dweller; sojourner.
Residentiaryship \Res`i*den"tia*ry*ship\, n.
The office or condition of a residentiary.
Residentship \Res"i*dent*ship\ (r?z"?-dent-sh?p), n.
The office or condition of a resident.
Resider \Re*sid"er\ (r?-z?d"?r), n.
One who resides in a place.
Residual \Re*sid"u*al\ (r?-z?d"?-al), a. [See {Residue}.]
Pertaining to a residue; remaining after a part is taken.
{Residual air} (Physiol.), that portion of air contained in
the lungs which can not be expelled even by the most
violent expiratory effort. It amounts to from 75 to 100
cubic inches. Cf. {Supplemental air}, under
{Supplemental}.
{Residual error}. (Mensuration) See {Error}, 6
(b) .
{Residual figure} (Geom.), the figure which remains after a
less figure has been taken from a greater one.
{Residual magnetism} (Physics), remanent magnetism. See under
{Remanent}.
{Residual product}, a by product, as cotton waste from a
cotton mill, coke and coal tar from gas works, etc.
{Residual quantity} (Alg.), a binomial quantity the two parts
of which are connected by the negative sign, as a-b.
{Residual root} (Alg.), the root of a residual quantity, as
[root](a-b).
Residual \Re*sid"u*al\, n. (Math.)
(a) The difference of the results obtained by observation,
and by computation from a formula.
(b) The difference between the mean of several observations
and any one of them.
Residuary \Re*sid"u*a*ry\ (-?-r?), a. [See {Residue}.]
Consisting of residue; as, residuary matter; pertaining to
the residue, or part remaining; as, the residuary advantage
of an estate. --Ayliffe.
{Residuary clause} (Law), that part of the testator's will in
which the residue of his estate is disposed of.
{Residuary devise} (Law), the person to whom the residue of
real estate is devised by a will.
{Residuary legatee} (Law), the person to whom the residue of
personal estate is bequeathed.
Residue \Res"i*due\ (r?z"?-d?), n. [F. r['e]sidu, L. residuum,
fr. residuus that is left behind, remaining, fr. residere to
remain behind. See {Reside}, and cf. {Residuum}.]
1. That which remains after a part is taken, separated,
removed, or designated; remnant; remainder.
The residue of them will I deliver to the sword.
--Jer. xv. 9.
If church power had then prevailed over its victims,
not a residue of English liberty would have been
saved. --I. Taylor.
2. (Law) That part of a testeator's estate wwhich is not
disposed of in his will by particular and special legacies
and devises, and which remains after payment of debts and
legacies.
3. (Chem.) That which remains of a molecule after the removal
of a portion of its constituents; hence, an atom or group
regarded as a portion of a molecule; -- used as nearly
equivalent to radical, but in a more general sense.
Note: The term radical is sometimes restricted to groups
containing carbon, the term residue being applied to
the others.
4. (Theory of Numbers) Any positive or negative number that
differs from a given number by a multiple of a given
modulus; thus, if 7 is the modulus, and 9 the given
number, the numbers -5, 2, 16, 23, etc., are residues.
Syn: Rest; remainder; remnant; balance; residuum; remains;
leavings; relics.
Residuous \Re*sid"u*ous\ (r?-z?d"?-?s), a. [L. residuus.]
Remaining; residual. --Landor.
Residuum \Re*sid"u*um\ (-?m), n. [L. See {Residue}.]
That which is left after any process of separation or
purification; that which remains after certain specified
deductions are made; residue.
``I think so,'' is the whole residuum . . . after
evaporating the prodigious pretensions of the zealot
demagogue. --L. Taylor.
Resiege \Re*siege"\ (r?-s?j"), v. t. [Pref. re- + siege a seat.]
To seat again; to reinstate. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Re-sign \Re-sign"\ (r?-s?n"), v. t. [Pref. re- + sign.]
To affix one's signature to, a second time; to sign again.
Resign \Re*sign"\ (r?-z?n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Resigned}
(-z?nd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Resigning}.] [F. r['e]signer, L.
resignare to unseal, annul, assign, resign; pref. re- re- +
signare to seal, stamp. See {Sign}, and cf. {Resignation}.]
1. To sign back; to return by a formal act; to yield to
another; to surrender; -- said especially of office or
emolument. Hence, to give up; to yield; to submit; -- said
of the wishes or will, or of something valued; -- also
often used reflexively.
I here resign my government to thee. --Shak.
Lament not, Eve, but patiently resign What justly
thou hast lost. --Milton.
What more reasonable, than that we should in all
things resign up ourselves to the will of God?
--Tiilotson.
2. To relinquish; to abandon.
He soon resigned his former suit. --Spenser.
3. To commit to the care of; to consign. [Obs.]
Gentlement of quality have been sent beyong the
seas, resigned and concredited to the conduct of
such as they call governors. --Evelyn.
Syn: To abdicate; surrender; submit; leave; relinquish;
forego; quit; forsake; abandon; renounce.
Usage: {Resign}, {Relinquish}. To resign is to give up, as if
breaking a seal and yielding all it had secured;
hence, it marks a formal and deliberate surrender. To
relinquish is less formal, but always implies
abandonment and that the thing given up has been long
an object of pursuit, and, usually, that it has been
prized and desired. We resign what we once held or
considered as our own, as an office, employment, etc.
We speak of relinquishing a claim, of relinquishing
some advantage we had sought or enjoyed, of
relinquishing seme right, privilege, etc. ``Men are
weary with the toil which they bear, but can not find
it in their hearts to relinquish it.'' --Steele. See
{Abdicate}.
Re sign \Re sign"\, n.
Resignation. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Resignation \Res`ig*na"tion\ (r?z`?g-n?"sh?n), n. [F.
r['e]signation. See {Resign}.]
1. The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim, possession,
office, or the like; surrender; as, the resignation of a
crown or comission.
2. The state of being resigned or submissive; quiet or
patient submission; unresisting acquiescence; as,
resignation to the will and providence of God.
Syn: Patience; surrender; relinquisment; forsaking;
abandonment; abdication; renunciation; submission;
acquiescence; endurance. See {Patience}.
Resigned \Re*signed"\ (r?-z?nd"), a.
Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or murmur.
A firm, yet cautious mind; Sincere, thought prudent;
constant, yet resigned. --Pope.
Resignedly \Re*sign"ed*ly\ (r?-z?n"?d-l?), adv.
With submission.
Resignee \Res`ign*ee"\ (r?z`?-n?"), n.
One to whom anything is resigned, or in whose favor a
resignation is made.
Resigner \Re*sign"er\ (r?-z?n"?r), n.
One who resigns.
Resignment \Re*sign"ment\ (-ment), n.
The act of resigning.
Resile \Re*sile"\ (r?-z?l"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Resiled}
(-z?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Resiling}.] [L. resilire to leap
or spring back; pref. re- re- + salire to leap, spring. See
{Salient}.]
To start back; to recoil; to recede from a purpose. --J.
Ellis.
Resilience \Re*sil"i*ence\ (r?-z?l"?-ens), Resiliency
\Re*sil"i*en*cy\ (-en-s?), n.
1. The act of resiling, springing back, or rebounding; as,
the resilience of a ball or of sound.
2. (Mech. & Engyn.) The mechanical work required to strain an
elastic body, as a deflected beam, stretched spring, etc.,
to the elastic limit; also, the work performed by the body
in recovering from such strain.
Resilient \Re*sil"i*ent\ (-ent), a. [L. resiliens, p. pr.]
Leaping back; rebounding; recoling.
Resilition \Res`i*li"tion\ (r?z`?-l?sh"?n), n.
Resilience. [R.]
Resin \Res"in\ (r?z"?n), n. [F. r['e]sine, L. resina; cf. Gr.
"rhti`nh Cf. {Rosin}.]
Any one of a class of yellowish brown solid inflammable
substances, of vegetable origin, which are nonconductors of
electricity, have a vitreous fracture, and are soluble in
ether, alcohol, and essential oils, but not in water;
specif., pine resin (see {Rosin}).
Note: Resins exude from trees in combination with essential
oils, gums, etc., and in a liquid or semiliquid state.
They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and
are supposed to be formed by the oxidation of the
essential oils. Copal, mastic, quaiacum, and colophony
or pine resin, are some of them. When mixed with gum,
they form the gum resins, like asafetida and gamboge;
mixed with essential oils, they frorm balsams, or
oleoresins.
{Highgate resin} (Min.), a fossil resin resembling copal,
occuring in blue clay at Highgate, near London.
{Resin bush} (Bot.), a low composite shrub ({Euryops
speciosissimus}) of South Africa, having smooth pinnately
parted leaves and abounding in resin.
Resinaceous \Res`in*a"ceous\ (-?"sh?s), a.
Having the quality of resin; resinous.
Resinate \Res"in*ate\ (r?z"?n-?t), n. (Chem.)
Any one of the salts the resinic acids.
Resinic \Re*sin"ic\ (r?-z?n"?k), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, resin; as, the resinic
acids.
Resiniferous \Res`in*if"er*ous\ (r?z`?n-?f"?r-?s), a. [Resin +
-ferous: cf. F. r['e]sinif[`e]re.]
Yielding resin; as, a resiniferous tree or vessel.
Resiniform \Res"in*i*form\ (r?z"?n-?-f?rm), a. [Resin + -form:
cf. F. r['e]siniforme.]
Having the form of resin.
Resino-electric \Res`in*o-e*lec"tric\ (-?-?-l?k"tr?k), a.
(Elec.)
Containing or exhibiting resinous electricity.
Resinoid \Res"in*oid\ (r?z"?n-oid), a.
Somewhat like resin.
Resinous \Res"in*ous\ (-?s), a. [L. resinous: cf. F.
r['e]sineux. See {Resin}.]
Of or pertaining to resin; of the nature of resin; resembling
or obtained from resin.
{Resinous electricity} (Elec.), electricity which is exited
by rubbing bodies of the resinous kind. See {Negative
electricity}, under {Negative}.
Resinously \Res"in*ous*ly\, adv.
By means, or in the manner, of resin.
Resinousness \Res"in*ous*ness\, n.
The quality of being resinous.
Resiny \Res"in*y\ (-?), a.
Like resin; resinous.
Resipiscence \Res`i*pis"cence\ (r?s`?-p?s"sens), n. [L.
resipiscentia, from resipiscere to recover one's senses: cf.
F. r['e]sipiscence.]
Wisdom derived from severe experience; hence, repentance.
[R.] --Bp. Montagu.
Resist \Re*sist"\ (r?-z?st"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Resisted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Resisting}.] [F. r['e]sister, L. resistere,
pref. re- re- + sistere to stand, cause to stand, v.
causative of stare to stand. See {Stand}.]
1. To stand against; to withstand; to obstruct.
That mortal dint, Save He who reigns above, none can
resist. --Milton.
2. To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat, or
frustrate; to act in opposition to; to oppose.
God resisteth the proud. --James iv. 6.
Contrary to his high will Whom we resist. --Milton.
3. To counteract, as a force, by inertia or reaction.
4. To be distasteful to. [Obs.] --Shak.
Syn: To withstand; oppose; hinder; obstruct; counteract;
check; thwart; baffle; disappoint.
Resist \Re*sist"\, v. i.
To make opposition. --Shak.
Resist \Re*sist"\, n. (Calico Printing)
A substance used to prevent a color or mordant from fixing on
those parts to which it has been applied, either by acting
machanically in preventing the color, etc., from reaching the
cloth, or chemically in changing the color so as to render it
incapable of fixing itself in the fibers.. The pastes
prepared for this purpose are called resist pastes. --F. C.
Calvert.
Resistance \Re*sist"ance\ (-ans), n. [F. r['e]sistance, LL.
resistentia, fr. resistens, - entis, p. pr. See {Resist}.]
1. The act of resisting; opposition, passive or active.
When King Demetrius saw that . . . no resistance was
made against him, he sent away all his forces. --1.
Macc. xi. 38.
2. (Physics) The quality of not yielding to force or external
pressure; that power of a body which acts in opposition to
the impulse or pressure of another, or which prevents the
effect of another power; as, the resistance of the air to
a body passing through it; the resistance of a target to
projectiles.
3. A means or method of resisting; that which resists.
Unfold to us some warlike resistance. --Shak.
4. (Elec.) A certain hindrance or opposition to the passage
of an electrical current or discharge offered by
conducting bodies. It bears an inverse relation to the
conductivity, -- good conductors having a small
resistance, while poor conductors or insulators have a
very high resistance. The unit of resistance is the ohm.
{Resistance box} (Elec.), a rheostat consisting of a box or
case containing a number of resistance coils of standard
values so arranged that they can be combined in various
ways to afford more or less resistance.
{Resistance coil} (Elec.), a coil of wire introduced into an
electric circuit to increase the resistance.
{Solid of least resistance} (Mech.), a solid of such a form
as to experience, in moving in a fluid, less resistance
than any other solid having the same base, height, and
volume.
Resistant \Re*sist"ant\ (-ant), a. [F. r['e]sistant: cf. L.
resistens. See {Resist}.]
Making resistance; resisting. -- n. One who, or that which,
resists. --Bp. Pearson.
Resister \Re*sist"er\ (-?r), n.
One who resists.
Resistful \Re*sist"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Making much resistance.
Resistibility \Re*sist`i*bil"i*ty\ (-?-b?l"?-t?), n..
1. The quality of being resistible; resistibleness.
2. The quality of being resistant; resitstance.
The name ``body'' being the complex idea of
extension and resistibility together in the same
subject. --Locke.
Resistible \Re*sist"i*ble\ (r?-z?st"?-b'l), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]sistible.]
Capable of being resisted; as, a resistible force. --Sir M.
Hale. -- {Re*sist"i*ble*ness}, n. -- {Re*sist"i*bly}, adv.
Resisting \Re*sist"ing\, a.
Making resistance; opposing; as, a resisting medium. --
{Re*sist"ing ly}, adv.
Resistive \Re*sist"ive\ (-?v), a.
Serving to resist. --B. Jonsosn.
Resistless \Re*sist"less\, a.
1. Having no power to resist; making no opposition. [Obs. or
R.] --Spenser.
2. Incapable of being resisted; irresistible.
Masters' commands come with a power resistless To
such as owe them absolute subjection. --Milton.
-- {Re*sist"less*ly}, adv. -- {Re*sist"less*ness}, n.
Resoluble \Res"o*lu*ble\ (r?z"?-l?-b'l), a.[L. resolubolis: cf.
F. r['e]soluble. See {Resolve}, and cf. {Resolvable}.]
Admitting of being resolved; resolvable; as, bodies resoluble
by fire. --Boyle. -- {Res"o*lu*ble*ness}, n.
Resolute \Res"o*lute\ (r?z"?-l?t), a. [Cf. F. r['e]solu. The L.
resolutus (p. p. of resolvere) means, relaxed, enervated,
effeminate. See {Resolve}, v. t. & i.]
1. Having a decided purpose; determined; resolved; fixed in a
determination; hence, bold; firm; steady.
Edward is at hand, Ready to fight; therefore be
resolute. --Shak.
2. Convinced; satisfied; sure. [Obs.]
3. Resolving, or explaining; as, the Resolute Doctor Durand.
[Obs.]
Syn: Determined; decided; fixed; steadfast; steady; constant;
persevering; firm; bold; unshaken.
Resolute \Res"o*lute\ (r?z"?-l?t), n.
1. One who is resolute; hence, a desperado. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. Redelivery; repayment. [Obs.] ``Yearly resolutes,
deductions, and payments.'' --Bp. Burnet.
Resolutely \Res"o*lute*ly\, adv.
In a resolute manner; with fixed purpose; boldly; firmly;
steadily; with perseverance.
Some . . . facts he examines, some he resolutely
denies. --Swift.
Resoluteness \Res"o*lute*ness\, n.
The quality of being resolute.
Resolution \Res`o*lu"tion\ (-l?"sh?n), n. [F. r['e]solution. L.
resolutio a loosening, solution. See {Resolve}.]
1. The act, operation, or process of resolving. Specifically:
(a) The act of separating a compound into its elements or
component parts.
(b) The act of analyzing a complex notion, or solving a
vexed question or difficult problem.
The unraveling and resolution of the
difficulties that are met with in the execution
of the design are the end of an action.
--Dryden.
2. The state of being relaxed; relaxation. [Obs.]
3. The state of being resolved, settled, or determined;
firmness; steadiness; constancy; determination.
Be it with resolution then to fight. --Shak.
4. That which is resolved or determined; a settled purpose;
determination. Specifically: A formal expression of the
opinion or will of an official body or a public assembly,
adopted by vote; as, a legislative resolution; the
resolutions of a public meeting.
5. The state of being resolved or firm in opinion or thought;
conviction; assurance. [Obs.]
Little resolution and certainty there is as touching
the islands of Mauritania. --Holland.
6. (Math.) The act or process of solving; solution; as, the
resolution of an equation or problem.
7. (Med.) A breaking up, disappearance; or termination, as of
a fever, a tumor, or the like.
8. (Mus.) The passing of a dissonant into a consonant chord
by the rising or falling of the note which makes the
discord.
{Joint resolution}. See under {Joint}, a.
{Resolution of a force} or {motion} (Mech.), the separation
of a single force or motion into two or more which have
different directions, and, taken together, are an
equivalent for the single one; -- the opposite of
{composition of a force}.
{Resolution of a nebula} (Astron.), the exhibition of it to
the eye by a telescope of such power as to show it to be
composed of small stars.
Syn: Decision; analysis; separation; disentanglement;
dissolution; resolvedness; resoluteness; firmness;
constancy; perseverance; steadfastness; fortitude;
boldness; purpose; resolve. See {Decision}.
Resolutioner \Res`o*lu"tion*er\ (-?r), n.
One who makes a resolution; one who joins with others in a
declaration or resolution; specifically, one of a party in
the Scottish Church in the 17th century.
He was sequestrated afterwards as a Resolutioner. --Sir
W. Scott.
Resolutionist \Res`o*lu"tion*ist\, n.
One who makes a resolution.
Resolutive \Res"o*lu`tive\ (r?z"?-lu`t?v), a. [Cf.F.
r['e]solutif.]
Serving to dissolve or relax. [R.] --Johnson.
Resolutory \Res"o*lu*to*ry\ (r?z"?-l?-t?-r?), a.
Resolutive. [R.]
Resolvability \Re*solv`a*bil"i*ty\ (r?-z?lv`?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality or condition of being resolvable; resolvableness.
Resolvable \Re*solv"a*ble\ (r?-z?lv"?-b'l), a. [See {Resolve},
and cf. {Resoluble}.]
Admitting of being resolved; admitting separation into
constituent parts, or reduction to first principles;
admitting solution or explanation; as, resolvable compounds;
resolvable ideas or difficulties.
Resolvableness \Re*solv"a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being resolvable; resolvability.
Resolve \Re*solve"\ (r?*z?lv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Resolved}
(-z?lvd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Resolving}.] [L. resolvere,
resolutum, to untie, loosen, relax, enfeeble; pref. re- re- +
solvere to loosen, dissolve: cf. F. r['e]soudare to resolve.
See {Solve}, and cf. {Resolve}, v. i., {Resolute},
{Resolution}.]
1. To separate the component parts of; to reduce to the
constituent elements; -- said of compound substances;
hence, sometimes, to melt, or dissolve.
O, that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw,
and resolve itself into a dew! --Shak.
Ye immortal souls, who once were men, And now
resolved to elements again. --Dryden.
2. To reduce to simple or intelligible notions; -- said of
complex ideas or obscure questions; to make clear or
certain; to free from doubt; to disentangle; to unravel;
to explain; hence, to clear up, or dispel, as doubt; as,
to resolve a riddle. ``Resolve my doubt.'' --Shak.
To the resolving whereof we must first know that the
Jews were commanded to divorce an unbelieving
Gentile. --Milton.
3. To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to
inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.
Sir, be resolved. I must and will come. --Beau. &
Fl.
Resolve me, Reason, which of these is worse, Want
with a full, or with an empty purse? --Pope.
In health, good air, pleasure, riches, I am resolved
it can not be equaled by any region. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
We must be resolved how the law can be pure and
perspicuous, and yet throw a polluted skirt over
these Eleusinian mysteries. --Milton.
4. To determine or decide in purpose; to make ready in mind;
to fix; to settle; as, he was resolved by an unexpected
event.
5. To express, as an opinion or determination, by resolution
and vote; to declare or decide by a formal vote; --
followed by a clause; as, the house resolved (or, it was
resolved by the house) that no money should be apropriated
(or, to appropriate no money).
6. To change or convert by resolution or formal vote; -- used
only reflexively; as, the house resolved itself into a
committee of the whole.
7. (Math.) To solve, as a problem, by enumerating the several
things to be done, in order to obtain what is required; to
find the answer to, or the result of. --Hutton.
8. (Med.) To dispere or scatter; to discuss, as an
inflammation or a tumor.
9. (Mus.) To let the tones (as of a discord) follow their
several tendencies, resulting in a concord.
10. To relax; to lay at ease. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
{To resolve a nebula}.(Astron.) See {Resolution of a nebula},
under {Resolution}.
Syn: To solve; analyze; unravel; disentangle.
Resolve \Re*solve"\ (r?-z?lv"), v. i. [The sense ``to be
convinced, to determine'' comes from the idea of loosening,
breaking up into parts, analyzing, hence, determining.]
1. To be separated into its component parts or distinct
principles; to undergo resolution.
2. To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid.
When the blood stagnates in any part, it first
coagulates, then resolves, and turns alkaline.
--Arbuthhnot.
3. To be settled in opinion; to be convinced. [R.]
Let men resolve of that as they plaease. --Locke.
4. To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to
determine after reflection; as, to resolve on a better
course of life.
Syn: To determine; decide; conclude; purpose.
Resolve \Re*solve"\, n.
1. The act of resolving or making clear; resolution;
solution. ``To give a full resolve of that which is so
much controverted.'' --Milton.
2. That which has been resolved on or determined; decisive
conclusion; fixed purpose; determination; also, legal or
official determination; a legislative declaration; a
resolution.
Nor is your firm resolve unknown. --Shak.
C[ae]sar's approach has summoned us together, And
Rome attends her fate from our resolves. --Addison.
Resolved \Re*solved"\ (r?-z?lvd"), p. p. & a.
Having a fixed purpose; determined; resolute; -- usually
placed after its noun; as, a man resolved to be rich.
That makes him a resolved enemy. --Jer. Taylor.
I am resolved she shall not settle here. --Fielding.
Resolvedly \Re*solv"ed*ly\ (r?z?lv"?d-l?), adv.
1. So as to resolve or clear up difficulties; clearly. [Obs.]
Of that, and all the progress, more or less,
Resolvedly more leisure shall express. --Shak.
2. Resolutely; decidedly; firmly. --Grew.
Resolvedness \Re*solv"ed*ness\, n.
Fixedness of purpose; firmness; resolution. --Dr. H. More.
Resolvent \Re*solv"ent\ (-ent), a.
Having power to resolve; causing solution; solvent.
Resolvent \Re*solv"ent\, n. [L. resolvens, p. pr. of resolvere:
cf. F. r['e]solvant. See {Resolve}.]
1. That which has the power of resolving, or causing
solution; a solvent.
2. (Med.) That which has power to disperse inflammatory or
other tumors; a discutient; anything which aids the
absorption of effused products. --Coxe.
3. (Math.) An equation upon whose solution the solution of a
given pproblem depends.
Resolver \Re*solv"er\ (r?-z?lv"?r), n.
1. That which decomposes, or dissolves. --Boyle.
2. That which clears up and removes difficulties, and makes
the mind certain or determined. --Bp. Burnet.
3. One who resolves, or formal a firm purpose.
Resonance \Res"o*nance\ (r?z"?-nans), n. [Cf. F. r['e]sonance,
L. resonantia an echo.]
1. The act of resounding; the quality or state of being
resonant.
2. (Acoustics) A prolongation or increase of any sound,
either by reflection, as in a cavern or apartment the
walls of which are not distant enough to return a distinct
echo, or by the production of vibrations in other bodies,
as a sounding-board, or the bodies of musical instruments.
{Pulmonary resonance} (Med.), the sound heard on percussing
over the lungs.
{Vocal resonance} (Med.), the sound transmitted to the ear
when auscultation is made while the patient is speaking.
Resonancy \Res"o*nan*cy\ (-nan-s?), n.
Resonance.
Resonant \Res"o*nant\ (-nant), a. [L. resonans, p. pr. of
resonare to resound: cf. F. r['e]sonnant. See {Resound}.]
Returning, or capable of returning, sound; fitted to resound;
resounding; echoing back.
Through every hour of the golden morning, the streets
were resonant with female parties of young and old.
--De Quincey.
Resonantly \Res"o*nant*ly\, adv.
In a resonant manner.
Resonator \Res"o*na`tor\ (-n?`t?r), n. (Acoustics)
Anything which resounds; specifically, a vessel in the form
of a cylinder open at one end, or a hollow ball of brass with
two apertures, so contrived as to greatly intensify a musical
tone by its resonance. It is used for the study and analysis
of complex sounds.
Resorb \Re*sorb"\ (r?-s?rb"), v. t. [L. reorbere; pref. re- re-
+ sorbere to suck or drink in.]
To swallow up.
Now lifted by the tide, and now resorbed. --Young.
Resorbent \Re*sorb"ent\ (-ent), a. [L. resorbens, p. pr. of
resorbere.]
Swallowing up. --Wodhull.
Resorcin \Res*or"cin\ (r?z-?r"s?n), n. [Resin + orcin. So called
because in its higher homologue it resembles orcin.] (Chem.)
A colorless crystalline substance of the phenol series,
obtained by melting certain resins, as galbanum, asafetida,
etc., with caustic potash. It is also produced artificially
and used in making certain dyestuffs, as phthale["i]n,
fluoresce["i]n, and eosin.
Resorcylic \Res`or*cyl"ic\ (r?z`?r-s?l"?k), a. (Chem.)
Of, or pertaining to, or producing, resorcin; as, resorcylic
acid.
Resorption \Re*sorp"tion\ (r?*s?rp"sh?n), n.
The act of resorbing; also, the act of absorbing again;
reabsorption.
Resort \Re*sort"\ (r?*z?rt"), n. [F. ressort.]
Active power or movement; spring. [A Gallicism] [Obs.]
Some . . . know the resorts and falls of business that
can not sink into the main of it. --Bacon.
Resort \Re*sort"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Resorted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Resorting}.] [OF. resortir to withdraw, take refuge, F.
ressortir to be in the jurisdiction, LL. resortire; pref. re-
re- + L. sortiri to draw lots, obtain by lot, from sors lot.
See {Sort}. The meaning is first to reobtain (by lot), then
to gain by appeal to a higher court (as a law term), to
appeal, go for protection or refuge.]
1. To go; to repair; to betake one's self.
What men name resort to him? --Shak.
2. To fall back; to revert. [Obs.]
The inheritance of the son never resorted to the
mother, or to any of her ancestors. --Sir M. Hale.
3. To have recourse; to apply; to one's self for help,
relief, or advantage.
The king thought it time to resort to other
counsels. --Clarendon.
Resort \Re*sort"\ (r?*z?rt"), n. [Cf. F. ressort jurisdiction.
See {Resort}, v.]
1. The act of going to, or making application; a betaking
one's self; the act of visiting or seeking; recourse; as,
a place of popular resort; -- often figuratively; as, to
have resort to force.
Join with me to forbid him her resort. --Shak.
2. A place to which one betakes himself habitually; a place
of frequent assembly; a haunt.
Far from all resort of mirth. --Milton.
3. That to which one resorts or looks for help; resource;
refuge.
{Last resort}, ultimate means of relief; also, final
tribunal; that from which there is no appeal.
Resorter \Re*sort"er\ (-?r), n.
One who resorts; a frequenter.
Resoun \Re*soun"\ (r?*z??n"), n.
Reason. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Resoun \Re*soun"\, v. i. & t.
To resound. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Re-sound \Re-sound"\ (r?*sound"), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- +
sound.]
To sound again or anew.
Resound \Re*sound"\ (r?*zound"), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Resounded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Resounding}.] [OE. resounen,
OF. resoner, F. r['e]sonner, from L. resonare; pref. re- re-
+ sonare to sound, sonus sound. See {Sound} to make a noise.]
1. To sound loudly; as, his voice resounded far.
2. To be filled with sound; to ring; as, the woods resound
with song.
3. To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound. ``Common fame . .
. resounds back to them again.'' --South.
4. To be mentioned much and loudly. --Milton.
5. To echo or reverberate; to be resonant; as, the earth
resounded with his praise.
Resound \Re*sound"\, v. t.
1. To throw back, or return, the sound of; to echo; to
reverberate.
Albion's cliffs resound the rur??ay. --Pope.
2. To praise or celebrate with the voice, or the sound of
instruments; to extol with sounds; to spread the fame of.
The man for wisdom's various arts renowned, Long
exercised in woes, O muse, resound. --Pope.
Syn: To echo; re["e]cho; reverberate; sound.
Resound \Re*sound"\, n.
Return of sound; echo. --Beaumont.
Resource \Re*source"\ (r?*s?rs"), n. [F. ressource, fr. OF.
ressourdre, resourdre, to spring forth or up again; pref. re-
re- + sourdre to spring forth. See {Source}.]
1. That to which one resorts orr on which one depends for
supply or support; means of overcoming a difficulty;
resort; expedient.
Threat'nings mixed with prayers, his last resource.
--Dryden.
2. pl. Pecuniary means; funds; money, or any property that
can be converted into supplies; available means or
capabilities of any kind.
Scotland by no means escaped the fate ordained for
every country which is connected, but not
incorporated, with another country of greater
resources. --Macaulay.
Syn: Expedient; resort; means; contrivance.
Resourceful \Re*source"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Full of resources.
Resourceless \Re*source"less\, a.
Destitute of resources. --Burke. -- {Re*source"less*ness}, n.
R. Browning.
Resow \Re*sow"\ (r?*s?"), v. t.
To sow again. --Bacon.
Resown \Re*sown"\ (r?*zoun"), v.
To resound. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Respeak \Re*speak"\ (r?*sp?k"), v. t.
1. To speak or utter again.
2. To answer; to echo. [Obs. or Poetic] --Shak.
Respect \Re*spect"\ (r?*sp?kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Respected}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Respecting}.] [L. respectare,
v. intens. from respicere, respectum, to look back, respect;
pref. re- re- + specere, spicere, to look, to view: cf. F.
respecter. See {Spy}, and cf. {Respite}.]
1. To take notice of; to regard with special attention; to
regard as worthy of special consideration; hence, to care
for; to heed.
Thou respectest not spilling Edward's blood. --Shak.
In orchards and gardens, we do not so much respect
beauty as variety of ground for fruits, trees, and
herbs. --Bacon.
2. To consider worthy of esteem; to regard with honor. ``I do
respect thee as my soul.'' --Shak.
3. To look toward; to front upon or toward. [Obs.]
Palladius adviseth the front of his house should so
respect the ??uth. --Sir T.
Browne.
4. To regard; to consider; to deem. [Obs.]
To whom my father gave this name of Gaspar, And as
his own respected him to death. --B. Jonson.
5. To have regard to; to have reference to; to relate to; as,
the treaty particularly respects our commerce.
{As respects}, as regards; with regard to; as to. --Macaulay.
{To respect the person} or {persons}, to favor a person, or
persons on corrupt grounds; to show partiality. ``Ye shall
not respect persons in judgment.'' --Deut. i. 17.
Syn: To regard; esteem; honor; revere; venerate.
Respect \Re*spect"\, n. [L. respectus: cf. F. respect. See
{Respect}, v., and cf. {Respite}.]
1. The act of noticing with attention; the giving particular
consideration to; hence, care; caution.
But he it well did ward with wise respect.
--Spenser.
2. Esteem; regard; consideration; honor.
Seen without awe, and served without respect.
--Prior.
The same men treat the Lord's Day with as little
respect. --R. Nelson.
3. pl. An expression of respect of deference; regards; as, to
send one's respects to another.
4. Reputation; repute. [Obs.]
Many of the best respect in Rome. --Shak.
5. Relation; reference; regard.
They believed but one Supreme Deity, which, with
respect to the various benefits men received from
him, had several titles. --Tillotson.
4. Particular; point regarded; point of view; as, in this
respect; in any respect; in all respects.
Everything which is imperfect, as the world must be
acknowledged in many respects. --Tillotson.
In one respect I'll be thy assistant. --Shak.
7. Consideration; motive; interest. [Obs.] ``Whatever secret
respects were likely to move them.'' --Hooker.
To the publik good Private respects must yield.
--Milton.
{In respect}, in comparison. [Obs.] --Shak.
{In respect of}.
(a) In comparison with. [Obs.] --Shak.
(b) As to; in regard to. [Archaic] ``Monsters in respect
of their bodies.'' --Bp. Wilkins. ``In respect of
these matters.'' --Jowett. (Thucyd.)
{In, or With}, {respect to}, in relation to; with regard to;
as respects. --Tillotson.
{To have respect of persons}, to regard persons with
partiality or undue bias, especially on account of
friendship, power, wealth, etc. ``It is not good to have
respect of persons in judgment.'' --Prov. xxiv. 23.
Syn: Deference; attention; regard; consideration; estimation.
See {Deference}.
Respectability \Re*spect`a*bil"i*ty\ (r?*sp?kt`?*b?l"?*t?), n.
The state or quality of being respectable; the state or
quality which deserves or commands respect.
Respectable \Re*spect"a*ble\ (-?-b'l), a. [F. respectable, LL.
respectabilis.]
1. Worthy of respect; fitted to awaken esteem; deserving
regard; hence, of good repute; not mean; as, a respectable
citizen. ``The respectable quarter of Sicca.'' --J. H.
Newman.
No government, any more than an individual, will
long be respected, without being truly respectable.
--Madison.
2. Moderate in degree of excellence or in number; as, a
respectable performance; a respectable audience.
--{Re*spect"a*ble*ness},n. -- {Re*spect"a*bly}, adv.
Respectant \Re*spect"ant\ (-ant), a. [F., p. pr. of respecter.
See {Respect}.] (Her.)
Placed so as to face one another; -- said of animals.
Respecter \Re*spect"er\ (-?r), n.
One who respects.
{A respecter of persons}, one who regards or judges with
partiality.
Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of
persons. --Acts x. 34.
Respectful \Re*spect"ful\ (-f?l), a.
Marked or characterized by respect; as, respectful
deportment.
With humble joi and with respectful fear. --Prior.
-- {Re*spect"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Re*spect"ful*ness}, n.
Respecting \Re*spect"ing\, prep.
With regard or relation to; regarding; concerning; as,
respecting his conduct there is but one opinion.
Respection \Re*spec"tion\ (r?*sp?k"sh?n), n. [Cf.LL. respectio.]
The act of respecting; respect; regard. [Obs.]
Without difference or respection of persons. --Tyndale.
Respective \Re*spec"tive\ (r?*sp?k"t?v), a. [Cf. F. respectif,
LL. respectivus. See {Respect}.]
1. Noticing with attention; hence, careful; wary;
considerate. [Obs.]
If you look upon the church of England with a
respective eye, you can not . . . refuse this
charge. --A?p. Sandys.
2. Looking towardl having reference to; relative, not
absolute; as, the respective connections of society.
3. Relating to particular persons or things, each to each;
particular; own; as, they returned to their respective
places of abode.
4. Fitted to awaken respect. [Obs.] --Shak.
5. Rendering respect; respectful; regardful. [Obs.]
With respective shame, rose, took us by the hands.
--Chapman.
With thy equals familiar, yet respective. --Lord
Burleigh.
Respectively \Re*spec"tive*ly\, adv.
1. As relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to
each; as each refers to each in order; as, let each man
respectively perform his duty.
The impressions from the objects or the senses do
mingle respectively every one with its kind.
--Bacon.
2. Relatively; not absolutely. [Obs.] --Sir W. Raleigh.
3. Partially; with respect to private views. [Obs.]
4. With respect; regardfully. [Obs.] --Shak.
Respectless \Re*spect"less\ (r?*sp?kt"l?s), a.
Having no respect; without regard; regardless.
Rather than again Endure, respectless, their so moving
c?ies. --Chapman.
-- {Re*spect"less*ness}, n. [R.] --Shelton.
Respectuous \Re*spec"tu*ous\ (r?*sp?k"t?*?s;135), a.
1. Respectful; as, a respectuous silence. [Obs.] --Boyle.
2. Respectable. [Obs.] --Knolles.
Respell \Re*spell"\ (r?*sp?l"), v. t.
To spell again.
Resperse \Re*sperse"\ (r?*sp?rs"), v. t. [L. respersus, p. p. of
respergere; pref. re- re- + spargere to srew, sprinkle.]
To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Respersion \Re*sper"sion\ (r?*sp?r"sh?n), n. [L. respersio.]
The act of sprinkling or scattering. [Obs.]
Respirability \Re*spir`a*bil"i*ty\ (r?*sp?r`?*b?l"?*t? or
r?s`p?*r?-), n. [Cf. F. respirabilit?.]
The quality or state of being respirable; respirableness.
Respirable \Re*spir"a*ble\ (r?*sp?r"?*b'l or r?s"p?*r?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. respirable.]
Suitable for being breathed; adapted for respiration. --
{Re*spir"a*ble*ness}, n.
Respiration \Res`pi*ra"tion\ (r?s`p?*r?"sh?n), n. [L.
respiratio: cf. F. respiration. See {Respire}.]
1. The act of respiring or breathing again, or catching one's
breath.
2. Relief from toil or suffering: rest. [Obs.]
Till the day Appear of respiration to the just And
vengeance to the wicked. --Milton.
3. Interval; intermission. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
4. (Physiol.) The act of resping or breathing; the act of
taking in and giving out air; the aggregate of those
processes bu which oxygen is introduced into the system,
and carbon dioxide, or carbonic acid, removed.
Note: Respiration in the higher animals is divided into:
({a}) Internal respiration, or the interchange of
oxygen and carbonic acid between the cells of the body
and the bathing them, which in one sense is a process
of nutrition. ({b}) External respiration, or the
gaseous interchange taking place in the special
respiratory organs, the lungs. This constitutes
respiration proper. --Gamgee. In the respiration of
plants oxygen is likewise absorbed and carbonic acid
exhaled, but in the light this process is obscured by
another process which goes on with more vigor, in which
the plant inhales and absorbs carbonic acid and exhales
free oxygen.
Respirational \Res`pi*ra"tion*al\ (r?s`p?*r?"sh?n-al), a.
Of or pertaining to respiration; as, respirational
difficulties.
Respirative \Re*spir"a*tive\ (r?*sp?*r?*t?v), a.
Of or pertaining to respiration; as, respirative organs.
Respirator \Res"pi*ra`tor\ (r?s"p?*r?`t?r), n. [Cf. F.
respirateur.]
A divice of gauze or wire, covering the mouth or nose, to
prevent the inhalation of noxious substances, as dust or
smoke. Being warmed by the breath, it tempers cold air
passing through it, and may also be used for the inhalation
of medicated vapors.
Respiratory \Re*spir"a*to*ry\ (r?*sp?r"?*t?*r? or r?s"p?*r?-),
a. (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration; as,
the respiratory organs; respiratory nerves; the respiratory
function; respiratory changes.
{Respiratory foods}. (Physiol.) See 2d Note under {Food}, n.,
1.
{Respiratory tree} (Zo["o]l.), the branched internal gill of
certain holothurians.
Respire \Re*spire"\ (r?*sp?r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Respired}
(-sp?rd"); p. pr. & vvb. n. {Respiring}.] [L. respirare,
respiratum; pref. re- re- + spirare to breathe: cf. F.
respirer. See {Spirit}.]
1. To take breath again; hence, to take rest or refreshment.
--Spenser.
Here leave me to respire. --Milton.
From the mountains where I now respire. --Byron.
2. (Physiol.) To breathe; to inhale air into the lungs, and
exhale it from them, successively, for the purpose of
maintaining the vitality of the blood.
Respire \Re*spire"\, v. t.
1. To breathe in and out; to inspire and expire,, as air; to
breathe.
A native of the land where I respire The clear air
for a while. --Byron.
2. To breathe out; to exhale. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Respite \Res"pite\ (r?s"p?t), n. [OF. respit, F. r['e]pit, from
L. respectus respect, regard, delay, in LL., the deferring of
a day. See {Respect}.]
1. A putting off of that which was appointed; a postponement
or delay.
I crave but four day's respite. --Shak.
2. Temporary intermission of labor, or of any process or
operation; interval of rest; pause; delay. ``Without more
respite.'' --Chaucer.
Some pause and respite only I require. --Denham.
3. (Law)
(a) Temporary suspension of the execution of a capital
offender; reprieve.
(b) The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury
beyond the proper term.
Syn: Pause; interval; stop; cessation; delay; postponement;
stay; reprieve.
Respite \Res"pite\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Respited}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Respiting}.] [OF. respiter, LL. respectare. See
{Respite}, n.]
To give or grant a respite to. Specifically:
(a) To delay or postpone; to put off.
(b) To keep back from execution; to reprieve.
Forty days longer we do respite you. --Shak.
(c) To relieve by a pause or interval of rest. ``To respite
his day labor with repast.'' --Milton.
Respiteless \Res"pite*less\, a.
Without respite. --Baxter.
Resplendence \Re*splen"dence\ (r?*spl?n"dens), Resplendency
\Re*splen"den*cy\ (-den*s?), n. [L. resplendentia.]
The quality or state of being resplendent; brilliant luster;
vivid brightness; splendor.
Son! thou in whom my glory I behold In full
resplendence, heir of all my might. --Milton.
The resplendency of his own almighty goodness. --Dr. J.
Scott.
Resplendent \Re*splen"dent\ (-dent), a. [L. resplendens, -entis,
p. pr. of resplendere to shine brightly; pref. re- re- +
splendere to shine. See {Splendid}.]
Shining with brilliant luster; very bright. --
{Re*splen"dent*ly}, adv.
With royal arras and resplendent gold. --Spenser.
Resplendishant \Re*splen"dish*ant\ (-d?sh*ant), a.
Resplendent; brilliant. [R. & Obs.] --Fabyan.
Resplendishing \Re*splen"dish*ing\, a.
Resplendent. [Obs.]
Resplit \Re*split"\ (r?*spl?t"), v. t. & i.
To split again.
Respond \Re*spond"\ (r?*sp?nd"), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Responded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Responding}.] [OF. respondre,
F. r['e]pondre, fr. L. respondere, responsum; pref. re- re- +
spondere to promise. See {Sponsor}.]
1. To say somethin in return; to answer; to reply; as, to
respond to a question or an argument.
2. To show some effect in return to a force; to act in
response; to accord; to correspond; to suit.
A new affliction strings a new cord in the heart,
which responds to some new note of complaint within
the wide scale of human woe. --Buckminster.
To every theme responds thy various lay. --Broome.
3. To render satisfaction; to be answerable; as, the
defendant is held to respond in damages. [U.S.]
Syn: To answer; reply; rejoin. See {Reply}.
Respond \Re*spond"\, v. t.
1. To answer; to reply.
2. To suit or accord with; to correspond to. [R.]
For his great deeds respond his speeches great.
--Fairfax.
Respond \Re*spond"\, n.
1. An answer; a response. [R.]
2. (Eccl.) A short anthem sung at intervals during the
reading of a chapter.
3. (Arch.) A half pier or pillar attached to a wall to
support an arch. --Oxf. Gloss.
Respondence \Re*spond"ence\ (-?ns), Respondency \Re*spond"en*cy\
(-en*s?), n.
The act of responding; the state of being respondent; an
answering. --A. Chalmers.
The angelical soft trembling voice made To the
instruments divine respondence meet. --Spenser.
Respondent \Re*spond"ent\ (-ent), a. [L. respondens, p. pr. of
respondere.]
Disposed or expected to respond; answering; according;
corresponding.
Wealth respondent to payment and contributions.
--Bacon.
Respondent \Re*spond"ent\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]pondant.]
One who responds. It corresponds in general to defendant.
Specifically:
(a) (Law) One who answers in certain suits or proceedings,
generally those which are not according to the course of
the common law, as in equity and admiralty causes, in
petitions for partition, and the like; -- distinquished
from appellant.
(b) One who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province
it is to refute objections, or overthrow arguments; --
distinguished from opponent. --I. Watts.
Respondentia \Re`spon*den"ti*a\ (r?`sp?n*d?n"sh?*?), n. [NL. See
{Respondence}.] (Commercial Law)
A loan upon goods laden on board a ship. It differs from
bottomry, which is a loan on the ship itself. --Bouvier.
Responsal \Re*spon"sal\ (r?*sp?n"sal), a.
Answerable. [Obs.]
Responsal \Re*spon"sal\, n. [Cf.LL. resposalis.]
1. One who is answerable or responsible. [Obs.] --Barrow.
2. Response. [Obs.] --Brevint.
Response \Re*sponse"\ (r?*sp?ns"), n. [OF. response, respons, F.
r['e]ponse, from L. responsum, from respondere. See
{Respond}.]
1. The act of responding.
2. An answer or reply. Specifically:
(a) Reply to an objection in formal disputation. --I.
Watts.
(b) (Eccl.) The answer of the people or congregation to
the priest or clergyman, in the litany and other parts
of divine service.
(c) (R.C.Ch.) A kind of anthem sung after the lessons of
matins and some other parts of the office.
(d) (Mus.) A repetition of the given subject in a fugue by
another part on the fifth above or fourth below.
--Busby.
Responseless \Re*sponse"less\, a.
Giving no response.
Responsibility \Re*spon`si*bil"i*ty\ (r?*sp?n`s?*b?l"?*t?), n.;
pl. {-ties} (-t?z). [Cf. F. responsabilit['e].]
1. The state of being responsible, accountable, or
answerable, as for a trust, debt, or obligation.
2. That for which anyone is responsible or accountable; as,
the resonsibilities of power.
3. Ability to answer in payment; means of paying.
Responsible \Re*spon"si*ble\ (r?*sp?n"s?*b'l), a. [Cf. F.
responsable. See {Respond}.]
1. Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to answer;
accountable; answerable; amenable; as, a guardian is
responsible to the court for his conduct in the office.
2. Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and
obligations; trustworthy, financially or otherwise; as, to
have a responsible man for surety.
3. Involving responsibility; involving a degree of
accountability on the part of the person concerned; as, a
responsible office.
Syn: Accountable; answerable; amenable. --
{Re*spon"si*ble*ness}, n. -- {Re*spon"si*bly}, adv.
Responsion \Re*spon"sion\ (-sh?n), n. [L. responsio. See
{Respond}.]
1. The act of answering. [Obs.]
2. (University of Oxford) The first university examination;
-- called also {little go}. See under {Little}, a.
Responsive \Re*spon"sive\ (-s?v), a. [Cf. F. resposif.]
1. That responds; ready or inclined to respond.
2. Suited to something else; correspondent.
The vocal lay responsive to the strings. --Pope.
3. Responsible. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor. -- {Re*spon"sive*ly},
adv. -- {Re*spon"sive*ness}, n.
Responsorial \Re`spon*so"ri*al\ (r?`sp?n*s?"r?-al), a.
Responsory; antiphonal. --J. H. Newman.
Responsory \Re*spon"so*ry\ (r?*sp?n"s?*r?), a.
Containing or making answer; answering. --Johnson.
Responsory \Re*spon"so*ry\, n.; pl. {-ries} (-r?z). [LL.
responsorium.]
1. (Eccl.)
(a) The answer of the people to the priest in alternate
speaking, in church service.
(b) A versicle sung in answer to the priest, or as a
refrain.
Which, if should repeat again, would turn my
answers into responsories, and beget another
liturgy. --Milton.
2. (Eccl.) An antiphonary; a response book.
Rest \Rest\ (r?st), v. t. [For arrest.]
To arrest. [Obs.]
Rest \Rest\, n. [AS. rest, r[ae]st, rest; akin to D. rust, G.
rast. OHG. rasta, Dan. & Sw. rast rest, repose, Icel. r["o]st
the distance between two resting places, a mole, Goth. rasta
a mile, also to Goth. razn house, Icel. rann, and perhaps to
G. ruhe rest, repose, AS. r[=o]w, Gr. 'erwh`. Cf. {Ransack}.]
1. A state of quiet or repose; a cessation from motion or
labor; tranquillity; as, rest from mental exertion; rest
of body or mind. --Chaucer.
Sleep give thee all his rest! --Shak.
2. Hence, freedom from everything which wearies or disturbs;
peace; security.
And the land had rest fourscore years. --Judges iii.
30.
3. Sleep; slumber; hence, poetically, death.
How sleep the brave who sink to rest, By all their
country's wishes blest. --Collins.
4. That on which anything rests or leans for support; as, a
rest in a lathe, for supporting the cutting tool or
steadying the work.
He made narrowed rests round about, that the beams
should not be fastened in the walls of the house.
--1 Kings vi.
6.
5. (Anc. Armor) A projection from the right side of the
cuirass, serving to support the lance.
Their visors closed, their lances in the rest.
--Dryden.
6. A place where one may rest, either temporarily, as in an
inn, or permanently, as, in an abode. ``Halfway houses and
travelers' rests.'' --J. H. Newman.
In dust our final rest, and native home. --Milton.
Ye are not as yet come to the rest and to the
inheritance which the Lord your God giveth you.
--Deut. xii.
9.
7. (Pros.) A short pause in reading verse; a c[ae]sura.
8. The striking of a balance at regular intervals in a
running account. ``An account is said to be taken with
annual or semiannual rests.'' --Abbott.
9. A set or game at tennis. [Obs.]
10. (Mus.) Silence in music or in one of its parts; the name
of the character that stands for such silence. They are
named as notes are, whole, half, quarter,etc.
{Rest house}, an empty house for the accomodation of
travelers; a caravansary. [India]
{To set, or To set up}, {one's rest}, to have a settled
determination; -- from an old game of cards, when one so
expressed his intention to stand or rest upon his hand.
[Obs.] --Shak. Bacon.
Syn: Cessation; pause; intermission; stop; stay; repose;
slumber; quiet; ease; quietness; stillness;
tranquillity; peacefulness; peace.
Usage: {Rest}, {Repose}. Rest is a ceasing from labor or
exertion; repose is a mode of resting which gives
relief and refreshment after toil and labor. The words
are commonly interchangeable.
Rest \Rest\ (r[e^]st), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rested}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Resting}.] [AS. restan. See {Rest}, n.]
1. To cease from action or motion, especially from action
which has caused weariness; to desist from labor or
exertion.
God . . . rested on the seventh day from all his
work which he had made. --Gen. ii. 2.
Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh
day thou shalt rest. --Ex. xxiii.
12.
2. To be free from whanever wearies or disturbs; to be quiet
or still.
There rest, if any rest can harbor there. --Milton.
3. To lie; to repose; to recline; to lan; as, to rest on a
couch.
4. To stand firm; to be fixed; to be supported; as, a column
rests on its pedestal.
5. To sleep; to slumber; hence, poetically, to be dead.
Fancy . . . then retries Into her private cell when
Nature rests. --Milton.
6. To lean in confidence; to trust; to rely; to repose
without anxiety; as, to rest on a man's promise.
On him I rested, after long debate, And not without
considering, fixed ?? fate. --Dryden.
7. To be satisfied; to acquiesce.
To rest in Heaven's determination. --Addison.
{To rest with}, to be in the power of; to depend upon; as, it
rests with him to decide.
Rest \Rest\, v. t.
1. To lay or place at rest; to quiet.
Your piety has paid All needful rites, to rest my
wandering shade. --Dryden.
2. To place, as on a support; to cause to lean.
Her weary head upon your bosom rest. --Waller.
Rest \Rest\, n. [F. reste, fr. rester to remain, L. restare to
stay back, remain; pref. re- re- + stare to stand, stay. See
{Stand}, and cf. {Arrest}, {Restive}.] (With the definite
article.)
1. That which is left, or which remains after the separation
of a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder;
residue.
Religion gives part of its reward in hand, the
present comfort of having done our duty, and, for
the rest, it offers us the best security that Heaven
can give. --Tillotson.
2. Those not included in a proposition or description; the
remainder; others. ``Plato and the rest of the
philosophers.'' --Bp. Stillingfleet.
Armed like the rest, the Trojan prince appears.
--DRyden.
3. (Com.) A surplus held as a reserved fund by a bank to
equalize its dividends, etc.; in the Bank of England, the
balance of assets above liabilities. [Eng.]
Syn: Remainder; overplus; surplus; remnant; residue; reserve;
others.
Rest \Rest\, v. i. [F. rester. See {Rest} remainder.]
To be left; to remain; to continue to be.
The affairs of men rest still uncertain. --Shak.
Restagnant \Re*stag"nant\ (r?*st?g"nant), a. [L. restagnans, p.
pr. ]
Stagnant; motionless. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Restagnate \Re*stag"nate\ (-n?t), v. i. [L. restagnare to
overflow.]
To stagnate; to cease to flow. [Obs.] --Wiseman.
Restagnation \Re`stag*na"tion\ (-n?"sh?n), n. [L. restagnatio
aninundation.]
Stagnation. [Obs.]
Restant \Res"tant\ (r?s"tant), a. [L. restans, p. pr. of
restare: cf. F. restant. See {Rest} remainder.] (Bot.)
Persistent.
Restate \Re*state"\ (r?*st?t"), v. t.
To state anew. --Palfrey.
Restaurant \Res"tau*rant\ (r?s"t?*r?nt;277), n. [F., fr.
restaurer. See {Restore}.]
An eating house.
Restaurate \Res"tau*rate\ (r?s"t?*r?t), v. t. [L. restauratus,
p. p. of restaurare. See {Restore}.]
To restore. [Obs.]
Restaurateur \Re`stau`ra`teur"\ (r?`st?`r?`t?r"), n. [F.]
The keeper of an eathing house or a restaurant.
Restauration \Res`tau*ra"tion\ (r?s`t?*r?"sh?n), n. [LL.
restauratio: cf. F. restauration.]
Restoration. [Obs.] --Cower.
Restem \Re*stem"\ (r?*st?m"), v. t.
1. To force back against the current; as, to restem their
backward course. --Shak.
2. To stem, or move against; as, to restem a current.
Restful \Rest"ful\ (r?st"f?l), a.
1. Being at rest; quiet. --Shak.
2. Giving rest; freeing from toil, trouble, etc.
Tired with all these, for restful death I cry.
--Shak.
-- {Rest"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Rest"ful*ness}, n.
Rest-harrow \Rest"-har`row\ (-h?r`r?), n. (Bot.)
A European leguminous plant ({Ononis arvensis}) with long,
tough roots.
Restiff \Rest"iff\, a.
Restive. [Obs.]
Restiff \Rest"iff\, n.
A restive or stubborn horse. [Obs.]
Restiffness \Rest"iff*ness\, n.
Restiveness. [Obs.]
Restiform \Res"ti*form\ (r?s"t?*f?rm), a.[L. restis rope +
-form.] (Anat.)
Formed like a rope; -- applied especially to several ropelike
bundles or masses of fibers on the dorsal side of the medulla
oblongata.
Restily \Rest"i*ly\ (r?st"?*l?), adv.
In a resty manner. [Obs.]
Restinction \Re*stinc"tion\ (r?*st?nk"sh?n), n.[L. restinctio.
See {Restinguish}.]
Act of quenching or extingishing. [Obs.]
Restiness \Rest"i*ness\ (r?st`*n?s), n.
The quality or state of being resty; sluggishness. [Obs.]
The snake by restiness and lying still all winter.
--Holland.
Resting \Rest"ing\,
a. & n. from {Rest}, v. t. & i.
{Resting spore} (Bot.), a spore in certain orders of alg[ae],
which remains quiescent, retaining its vitality, for long
periods of time. --C. E. Bessey.
Restinguish \Re*stin"guish\ (r?*st?n"gw?sh), v. t. [L.
restinquere, restinctum; pref. re- re- + stinquere to
quench.]
To quench or extinguish. [Obs.] --R. Field.
Restitute \Res"ti*tute\ (r?s"t?*t?t), v. t. [L. restitutus, p.
p. of restituere; pref. re- re- + statuere to put, place. See
{Statute}.]
To restore to a former state. [R.] --Dyer.
Restitute \Res"ti*tute\, n.
That which is restored or offered in place of something; a
substitute. [R.]
Restitution \Res`ti*tu"tion\ (r?s`t?*t?"sh?n), n. [F.
restitution, L. restitutio. See {Restitute}, v.]
1. The act of restoring anything to its rightful owner, or of
making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss,
damage, or injury; indemnification.
A restitution of ancient rights unto the crown.
--Spenser.
He restitution to the value makes. --Sandys.
2. That which is offered or given in return for what has been
lost, injured, or destroved; compensation.
3. (Physics) The act of returning to, or recovering, a former
state; as, the restitution of an elastic body.
4. (Med.) The movement of rotetion which usually occurs in
childbirth after the head has been delivered, and which
causes the latter to point towards the side to which it
was directed at the beginning of labor.
Syn: Restoration; return; indemnification; reparation;
compensation; amends; remuneration.
Restitutor \Res"ti*tu`tor\ (r?s"t?*t?`t?r), n. [L.: cf. F.
restituteur.]
One who makes restitution. [R].
Restive \Rest"ive\ (r?st"?v), a. [OF. restif, F. r['e]tif, fr.
L. restare to stay back, withstand, resist. See {Rest}
remainder, and cf. {Restiff}.] .
Unwilling to go on; obstinate in refusing to move forward;
stubborn; drawing back.
Restive or resty, drawing back, instead of going
forward, as some horses do. --E. Philips
(1658).
The people remarked with awe and wonder that the beasts
which were to drag him [Abraham Holmes] to the gallows
became restive, and went back. --Macaulay.
2. Inactive; sluggish. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
3. Impatient under coercion, chastisement, or opposition;
refractory.
4. Uneasy; restless; averse to standing still; fidgeting
about; -- applied especially to horses. --Trench. --
{Rest"ive}, adv. -- {Rest"ive*ness}, n.
Restless \Rest"less\, a. [AS. restle['a]s.]
1. Never resting; unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; as, a
restless child. --Chaucer. ``Restless revolution day by
day.'' --Milton.
2. Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse to repose
or quiet; eager for change; discontented; as, restless
schemers; restless ambition; restless subjects. ``Restless
at home, and ever prone to range.'' --Dryden.
3. Deprived of rest or sleep.
Restless he passed the remnants of the night.
--Dryden.
4. Passed in unquietness; as, the patient has had a restless
night.
5. Not affording rest; as, a restless chair. --Cowper.
{Restless thrush}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Grinder}, 3.
Syn: Unquiet; uneasy; disturbed; disquieted; sleepless;
agitated; unsettled; roving; wandering. --
{Rest"less*ly}, adv.- {Rest"less*ness}, n.
Restorable \Re*stor"a*ble\ (r?*st?r"?*b'l), a.
Admitting of being restored; capable of being reclaimed; as,
restorable land. --Swift. -- {Re*stor"a*ble*ness}, n.
Restoral \Re*stor"al\ (-al), n.
Restoration. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Restoration \Res`to*ra"tion\ (r?s`t?*r?"sh?n), n. [OE.
restauracion, F. restauration, fr. L. restauratio. See
{Restore}.]
1. The act of restoring or bringing back to a former place,
station, or condition; the fact of being restored;
renewal; re["e]stablishment; as, the restoration of
friendship between enemies; the restoration of peace after
war.
Behold the different climes agree, Rejoicing in thy
restoration. --Dryden.
2. The state of being restored; recovery of health, strength,
etc.; as, restoration from sickness.
3. That which is restored or renewed.
{The restoration} (Eng. Hist.), the return of King Charles
II. in 1660, and the re["e]stablishment of monarchy.
{Universal restoration} (Theol.), the final recovery of all
men from sin and alienation from God to a state of
happiness; universal salvation.
Syn: Recovery; replacement; renewal; renovation;
redintegration; reinstatement; re["e]stablishment;
return; revival; restitution; reparation.
Restorationer \Res`to*ra"tion*er\ (-?r), n.
A Restorationist.
Restorationism \Res`to*ra"tion*ism\ (-?z'm), n.
The belief or doctrines of the Restorationists.
Restorationist \Res`to*ra"tion*ist\, n.
One who believes in a temporary future punishment and a final
restoration of all to the favor and presence of God; a
Universalist.
Restorative \Re*stor"a*tive\ (r?*st?r"?*t?v), a. [Cf. F.
restoratif.]
Of or pertaining to restoration; having power to restore.
Destroys life's enemy, Hunger, with sweet restorative
delight. --Milton.
Restorative \Re*stor"a*tive\, n.
Something which serves to restore; especially, a restorative
medicine. --Arbuthnot.
Restoratively \Re*stor"a*tive*ly\, adv.
In a restorative manner.
Restorator \Res"to*ra`tor\ (r?s"t?*r?`t?r), n.
A restaurateur.
Restoratory \Re*stor"a*to*ry\ (r?*st?r"?*t?*r?), a.
Restorative. [R.]
Re-store \Re-store"\ (r?*st?r"), v. t. [Pref. re- + store.]
To store again; as, the goods taken out were re-stored.
Restore \Re*store"\ (r?*st?r"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Restored}
(r?-st?rd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Restoring}.] [OE. restoren, OF.
restorer, F. restaurer, fr. L. restaurare; pref. re- re- + an
unused word; cf. Gr. ???? an upright pale or stake, Skr.
sth?vara fixed, firm. Cf. {Restaurant}, {Store}.]
To bring back to its former state; to bring back from a state
of ruin, decay, disease, or the like; to repair; to renew; to
recover. ``To restore and to build Jerusalem.'' --Dan. ix.
25.
Our fortune restored after the severest afflictions.
--Prior.
And his hand was restored whole as the other. --Mark
iii. 5.
2. To give or bring back, as that which has been lost., or
taken away; to bring back to the owner; to replace.
Now therefore restore the man his wife. --Gen. xx.
7.
Loss of Eden, till one greater man Restore us, and
regain the blissful seat. --Milton.
The father banished virtue shall restore. --Dryden.
3. To renew; to re["e]stablish; as, to restore harmony among
those who are variance.
4. To give in place of, or as satisfaction for.
He shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep
for a sheep. --Ex. xxii. 1.
5. To make good; to make amends for.
But if the while I think on thee, dear friend, All
losses are restored, and sorrows end. --Shak.
6. (Fine Arts)
(a) To bring back from a state of injury or decay, or from
a changed condition; as, to restore a painting,
statue, etc.
(b) To form a picture or model of, as of something lost or
mutilated; as, to restore a ruined building, city, or
the like.
Syn: To return; replace; refund; repay; reinstate; rebuild;
re["e]stablish; renew; repair; revive; recover; heal;
cure.
Restore \Re*store"\, n.
Restoration. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Restorement \Re*store"ment\, n.
Restoration. [Obs.]
Restorer \Re*stor"er\, n.
One who, or that which, restores.
Restrain \Re*strain"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Restrained}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Restraining}.] [OE. restreinen, F. restreindre, fr.
L. restringere, restrictum; pref. re- re- + stringere to
draw, bind, or press together. See {Strain}, v. t., and cf.
{Restrict}.]
1. To draw back again; to hold back from acting, proceeding,
or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by any
interposing obstacle; to repress or suppress; to keep
down; to curb.
Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature Gives
way to in repose! --Shak.
2. To draw back toghtly, as a rein. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. To hinder from unlimited enjoiment; to abridge.
Though they two were committed, at least restrained
of their liberty. --Clarendon.
4. To limit; to confine; to restrict. --Trench.
Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral,
universality also is to be restrained by a part of
the predicate. --I. Watts.
5. To withhold; to forbear.
Thou restrained prayer before God. --Job. xv. 4.
Syn: To check; hinder; stop; withhold; repress; curb;
suppress; coerce; restrict; limit; confine.
Restrainable \Re*strain"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being restrained; controllable. --Sir T. Browne.
Restrainedly \Re*strain"ed*ly\, adv.
With restraint. --Hammond.
Restrainer \Re*strain"er\, n.
One who, or that which, restrains.
Restrainment \Re*strain"ment\, n.
The act of restraining.
Restraint \Re*straint"\, n. [OF. restraincte, fr. restrainct, F.
restreint, p. p. of restraindre, restrendre. See {Restrain}.]
1. The act or process of restraining, or of holding back or
hindering from motion or action, in any manner; hindrance
of the will, or of any action, physical or mental.
No man was altogether above the restrains of law,
and no man altogether below its protection.
--Macaulay.
2. The state of being restrained.
3. That which restrains, as a law, a prohibition, or the
like; limitation; restriction.
For one restraint, lords of the world besides.
--Milton.
Syn: Repression; hindrance; check; stop; curb;?oercion;
confinement; limitation; restriction.
Restrengthen \Re*strength"en\, v. t.
To strengthen again; to fortify anew.
Restrict \Re*strict"\, a. [L. restrictus, p. p. of restringere.
See {Restrain}.]
Restricted. [Obs.]
Restrict \Re*strict"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Restricted}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Restricting}.]
To restrain within bounds; to limit; to confine; as, to
restrict worlds to a particular meaning; to restrict a
patient to a certain diet.
Syn: To limit; bound; circumscribe; restrain; repress; curb;
coerce.
Restriction \Re*stric"tion\, n. [F. restriction, L. restrictio.]
1. The act of restricting, or state of being restricted;
confinement within limits or bounds.
This is to have the same restriction with all other
recreations,that it be made a divertisement. --Giv.
of Tonque.
2. That which restricts; limitation; restraint; as,
restrictions on trade.
Restrictionary \Re*stric"tion*a*ry\, a.
Restrictive. [R.]
Restrictive \Re*strict"ive\, a. [Cf. F. restrictif.]
1. Serving or tending to restrict; limiting; as, a
restrictive particle; restrictive laws of trade.
2. Astringent or styptic in effect. [Obs.] --Wiseman.
--{Re*strict"ive*ly}, adv. -- {Re*strict"ive*ness}, n.
Restringe \Re*stringe"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Restringed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Restringing}.] [L. restringere. See
{Restrain}.]
To confine; to contract; to stringe. [Obs.]
Restringency \Re*strin"gen*cy\, n.
Quality or state of being restringent; astringency. [Obs.]
--Sir W. Petty.
Restringent \Re*strin"gent\, a. [L. restringens, p. pr.: cf. F.
restringent.]
Restringing; astringent; styptic. [Obs.] -- n. A restringent
medicine. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Restrive \Re*strive"\, v. i.
To strive anew.
Resty \Rest"y\, a.
Disposed to rest; indisposed toexercton; sluggish; also,
restive. [Obs.] --Burton.
Where the master is too resty or too rich to say his
own prayers. --Milton.
Resubjection \Re`sub*jec"tion\, n.
A second subjection.
Resublime \Re`sub*lime"\, v. t.
To sublime again. --Newton. -- {Re*sub`li*ma"tion}, n.
Resudation \Re`su*da"tion\, n. [L. resudare to sweat again. See
{Sudation}.]
Act of sweating again.
Result \Re*sult"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Resulted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Resulting}.] [F. r['e]sulter, fr. L. resultare,
resultarum, to spring or leap back, v. intens. fr. resilire.
See {Resile}.]
1. To leap back; to rebound. [Obs.]
The huge round stone, resulting with a bound.
--Pope.
2. To come out, or have an issue; to terminate; to have
consequences; -- followed by in; as, this measure will
result in good or in evil.
3. To proceed, spring, or rise, as a consequence, from facts,
arguments, premises, combination of circumstances,
consultation, thought, or endeavor.
Pleasure and peace do naturally result from a holy
and good life. --Tillotson.
{Resulting trust} (Law), a trust raised by implication for
the benefit of a party granting an estate. The phrase is
also applied to a trust raised by implication for the
benefit of a party who advances the purchase money of an
estate, etc. --Bouvier.
{Resulting use} (Law), a use which, being limited by the
deed, expires or can not vest, and thence returns to him
who raised it. --Bouvier.
Syn: To proceed; spring; rise; arise; ensue; terminate.
Result \Re*sult"\, n.
1. A flying back; resilience. [Obs.]
Sound is produced between the string and the air by
the return or the result of the string. --Bacon.
2. That which results; the conclusion or end to which any
course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained
by any process or operation; consequence or effect; as,
the result of a course of action; the result of a
mathematical operation.
If our proposals once again were heard, We should
compel them to a quick result. --Milton.
3. The decision or determination of a council or deliberative
assembly; a resolve; a decree.
Then of their session ended they bid cry With
trumpet's regal sound the great result. --Milton.
Syn: Effect; consequence; conclusion; inference; issue;
event. See {Effect}.
Resultance \Re*sult"ance\, n.
The act of resulting; that which results; a result. --Donne.
Resultant \Re*sult"ant\, a. [L. resultans, p. pr. : cf. F.
r['e]sultant.]
Resulting or issuing from a combination; existing or
following as a result or consequence.
{Resultant force} or {motion} (Mech.), a force which is the
result of two or more forces acting conjointly, or a
motion which is the result of two or more motions
combined. See {Composition of forces}, under
{Composition}.
Resultant \Re*sult"ant\, n.
That which results. Specifically:
(a) (Mech.) A reultant force or motion.
(b) (Math.) An eliminant.
The resultant of homogeneous general functions of n
variables is that function of their coefficients
which, equaled to zero, expresses in the simplest
terms the condition of the possibility of their
existence. --Sylvester.
Resultate \Re*sult"ate\, n. [L. resultatus, p. p. ]
A result. [Obs.] ``The resultate of their counsil.'' --BAcon.
Resultful \Re*sult"ful\, a.
HAving results or effects.
Resultive \Re*sult"ive\, a.
Resultant. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Resultless \Re*sult"less\, a.
Being without result; as, resultless investigations.
Resumable \Re*sum"a*ble\, a.
Capable of, or admitting of, being resumed. --Sir M. HAle.
Resum'e \Re`su"m['e]"\, n. [F. See {Resume}.]
A summing up; a condensed statement; an abridgment or brief
recapitulation.
The exellent little r['e]sum['e] thereof in Dr.
Landsborough's book. --C. Kingsley.
Resume \Re*sume"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Resumed};p. pr. & vb. n.
{Resuming}.] [L. resumere, resumptum; pref. re- re- + sumere
to take: cf. F. r['e]sumer. See {Assume}, {Redeem}.]
1. To take back.
The sun, like this, from which our sight we have,
Gazed on too long, resumes the light he gave.
--Denham.
Perhaps God will resume the blessing he has bestowed
ere he attains the age of manhood. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. To enter upon, or take up again.
Reason resumed her place, and Passion fled.
--Dryden.
3. To begin again; to recommence, as something which has been
interrupted; as, to resume an argument or discourse.
Resummon \Re*sum"mon\, v. t.
To summon again.
Resummons \Re*sum"mons\, n.
A second summons.
Resumption \Re*sump"tion\, n. [cf. F. r['e]sumption, L.
resumptio restoration, recovery, fr. resumere. See {Resume}.]
1. The act of resuming; as, the resumption of a grant, of
delegated powers, of an argument, of specie payments, etc.
2. (Eng.Law) The taking again into the king's hands of such
lands or tenements as he had granted to any man on false
suggestions or other error.
Resumptive \Re*sump"tive\, a. [cf. L. resumptivus restorative.]
Taking back; resuming, or tending toward resumption; as,
resumptive measures.
Resupinate \Re*su"pi*nate\, a. [L. resupinatus, p. p. of
resupinare to bend back. See {Resupine}.]
Inverted in position; appearing to be upside down or
reversed, as the flowers of the orchis and the leaves of some
plants.
Resupinated \Re*su"pi*na`ted\, a.
Resupinate.
Resupination \Re*su`pi*na"tion\, n.
The state of luing on the back; the state of being
resupinate, or reversed.
Our Vitruvius calleth this affection in the eye a
resupination of the figure. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Resupine \Re`su*pine"\, a. [L. resupinus; pref. re- re- +
supinus bent backward, supine.]
Lying on the back; supine; hence, careless. --Sir K. Digby.
He spake, and, downward swayed, fell resupine, With his
huge neck aslant. --Cowper.
Resupply \Re`sup*ply"\, v. t.
To supply again.
Resurgence \Re*sur"gence\, n.
The act of rising again; resurrection.
Resurgent \Re*sur"gent\, a. [L. resurgens, -entis, p. pr. of
resurgere. See {Resurrection}.]
Rising again, as from the dead. --Coleridge.
Resurgent \Re*sur"gent\, n.
One who rises again, as from the dead. [R.] --Sydney Smith.
Resirrect \Res`ir*rect"\, v. t. [See {Resurrection}.]
1. To take from the grave; to disinter. [Slang]
2. To reanimate; to restore to life; to bring to view (that
which was forgotten or lost). [Slang]
Resurrection \Res`ur*rec"tion\, n. [F. r['e]surrection, L.
resurrectio, fr. resurgere, resurrectum, to rise again; pref.
re- re- + surgere to rise. See {Source}.]
1. A rising again; the resumption of vigor.
2. Especially, the rising again from the dead; the resumption
of life by the dead; as, the resurrection of Jesus Christ;
the general resurrection of all the dead at the Day of
Judgment.
Nor after resurrection shall he stay Longer on
earth. --Milton.
3. State of being risen from the dead; future state.
In the resurrection they neither marry nor are given
in marriage. --Matt. xxii.
30.
4. The cause or exemplar of a rising from the dead.
I am the resurrection, and the life. --John xi. 25.
{Cross of the resurrection}, a slender cross with a pennant
floating from the junction of the bars.
{Resurrection plant} (Bot.), a name given to several species
of {Selaginella} (as {S. convoluta} and {S.
lepidophylla}), flowerless plants which, when dry, close
up so as to resemble a bird's nest, but revive and expand
again when moistened. The name is sometimes also given to
the rose of Jericho. See under {Rose}.
Resurrectionist \Res`ur*rec"tion*ist\, n.
One who steals bodies from the grave, as for dissection.
[Slang]
Resurrectionize \Res`ur*rec"tion*ize\, v. t.
To raise from the dead. [R.] --Southey.
Resurvey \Re`sur*vey"\, v. t.
To survey again or anew; to review. --Shak.
Resurvey \Re*sur"vey\, n.
A second or new survey.
Resuscitable \Re*sus"ci*ta*ble\, a.
Capable of resuscitation; as, resuscitable plants. --Boyle.
Resuscitant \Re*sus"ci*tant\, n.
One who, or that which resuscitates. Also used adjectively.
Resuscitate \Re*sus"ci*tate\, a. [L. resuscitatus, p. p. of
resuscitare; pref. re- re- + suscitare to raise, rouse. See
{Suscitate}.]
Restored to life. [R.] --Bp. Gardiner.
Resuscitate \Re*sus"ci*tate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Resuscitated};p. pr. & vb. n. {Resuscitating}.]
To revivify; to revive; especially, to recover or restore
from apparent death; as, to resuscitate a drowned person; to
resuscitate withered plants.
Resuscitate \Re*sus"ci*tate\, v. i.
To come to life again; to revive.
These projects, however often slain, always
resuscitate. --J. S. Mill.
Resuscitation \Re*sus`ci*ta"tion\, n. [L. resuscitatio.]
The act of resuscitating, or state of being resuscitated.
The subject of resuscitation by his sorceries. --Sir W.
Scott.
Resuscitative \Re*sus"ci*ta*tive\, a.
Tending to resuscitate; reviving; revivifying.
Resuscitator \Re*sus"ci*ta`tor\, n. [L.]
One who, or that which, resuscitates.
Ret \Ret\, v. t.
See {Aret}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ret \Ret\, v. t. [Akin to rot.]
To prepare for use, as flax, by separating the fibers from
the woody part by process of soaking, macerating, and other
treatment. --Ure.
Retable \Re*ta"ble\, n. (Eccl.)
A shelf behind the altar, for display of lights, vases of
wlowers, etc.
Retail \Re"tail\, n. [F. retaille piece cut off, shred, paring,
or OF. retail, from retailler. See {Retail}, v.]
The sale of commodities in small quantities or parcels; --
opposed to wholesale; sometimes, the sale of commodities at
second hand.
Retail \Re"tail\, a.
Done at retail; engaged in retailing commodities; as a retail
trade; a retail grocer.
Retail \Re*tail"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retailed};p. pr. & vb.
n. {Retailing}.] [Cf. F. retailler to cut again; pref. re- re
+ tailler to cut. See {Retail}, n., {Tailor}, and cf.
{Detail}.]
1. To sell in small quantities, as by the single yard, pound,
gallon, etc.; to sell directly to the consumer; as, to
retail cloth or groceries.
2. To sell at second hand. [Obs. or R.] --Pope.
3. To distribute in small portions or at second hand; to tell
again or to many (what has been told or done); to report;
as, to retail slander. ``To whom I will retail my conquest
won.'' --Shak.
He is wit's peddler, and retails his wares At wakes
and wassails. --Shak.
Retailer \Re*tail"er\, n.
One who retails anything; as, a retailer of merchandise; a
retailer of gossip.
Retailment \Re*tail"ment\, n.
The act of retailing.
Retain \Re*tain"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retained}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Retaining}.] [F. retainir, L. retinere; pref. re- re- +
tenere to hold, keep. See {Tenable}, and cf. {Rein} of a
bridle, {Retention}, {Retinue}.]
1. To continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose,
part with, or dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape,
or the like. ``Thy shape invisibleretain.'' --Shak.
Be obedient, and retain Unalterably firm his love
entire. --Milton.
An executor may retain a debt due to him from the
testator. --Blackstone.
2. To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee paid; to
hire; to engage; as, to retain a counselor.
A Benedictine convent has now retained the most
learned father of their order to write in its
defense. --Addison.
3. To restrain; to prevent. [Obs.] --Sir W. Temple.
{Retaining wall} (Arch. & Engin.), a wall built to keep any
movable backing, or a bank of sand or earth, in its place;
-- called also {retain wall}.
Syn: To keep; hold; retrain. See {Keep}.
Retain \Re*tain"\, v. i.
1. To belong; to pertain. [Obs.]
A somewhat languid relish, retaining to bitterness.
--Boyle.
2. To keep; to continue; to remain. [Obs.] --Donne.
Retainable \Re*tain"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being retained.
Retainal \Re*tain"al\, n.
The act of retaining; retention.
Retainer \Re*tain"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, retains.
2. One who is retained or kept in service; an attendant; an
adherent; a hanger-on.
3. Hence, a servant, not a domestic, but occasionally
attending and wearing his master's livery. --Cowell.
4. (Law)
(a) The act of a client by which he engages a lawyer or
counselor to manage his cause.
(b) The act of withholding what one has in his hands by
virtue of some right.
(c) A fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to maintain
a cause, or to prevent his being employed by the
opposing party in the case; -- called also {retaining
fee}. --Bouvier. --Blackstone.
5. The act of keeping dependents, or the state of being in
dependence. --Bacon.
Retainment \Re*tain"ment\, n.
The act of retaining; retention. --Dr. H. More.
Retake \Re*take"\, v. t.
1. To take or receive again.
2. To take from a captor; to recapture; as, to retake a ship
or prisoners.
Retaker \Re*tak"er\, n.
One who takes again what has been taken; a recaptor. --Kent.
Retaliate \Re*tal"i*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retaliated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Retaliating}.] [L. retaliatus, p. p. of
retaliare to retaliate; pref. re- re- + a word akin to talio
talion, retaliation. Cf. {Talion}.]
To return the like for; to repay or requite by an act of the
same kind; to return evil for (evil). [Now seldom used except
in a bad sense.]
One ambassador sent word to the duke's son that his
visit should be retaliated. --Sir T.
Herbert.
It is unlucky to be obliged to retaliate the injuries
of authors, whose works are so soon forgotten that we
are in danger of appearing the first aggressors.
--Swift.
Retaliate \Re*tal"i*ate\, v. i.
To return like for like; specifically, to return evil for
evil; as, to retaliate upon an enemy.
Retaliation \Re*tal`i*a"tion\, n.
The act of retaliating, or of returning like for like;
retribution; now, specifically, the return of evil for evil;
e.g., an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
God . . . takes what is done to others as done to
himself, and by promise obloges himself to full
retaliation. --Calamy.
Syn: Requital; reprisal; retribution; punishment.
Retaliative \Re*tal"i*a*tive\, a.
Same as {Retaliatory}.
Retaliatory \Re*tal"i*a*to*ry\, a.
Tending to, or involving, retaliation; retaliative; as
retaliatory measures.
Retard \Re*tard"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retarded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Retarding}.] [L. retardare, retardatum; pref. re- re- +
tardare to make slow, to delay, fr. tardus slow: cf. F.
retarder. See {Tardy}.]
1. To keep delaying; to continue to hinder; to prevent from
progress; to render more slow in progress; to impede; to
hinder; as, to retard the march of an army; to retard the
motion of a ship; -- opposed to {accelerate}.
2. To put off; to postpone; as, to retard the attacks of old
age; to retard a rupture between nations.
Syn: To impede; hinder; obstruct; detain; delay;
procrastinate; postpone; defer.
Retard \Re*tard"\, v. i.
To stay back. [Obs.] --Sir. T. Browne.
Retard \Re*tard"\, n.
Retardation; delay.
{Retard, or Age}, {of the tide}, the interval between the
transit of the moon at which a tide originates and the
appearance of the tide itself. It is found, in general,
that any particular tide is not principally due to the
moon's transit immediately proceeding, but to a transit
which has occured some time before, and which is said to
correspond to it. The retard of the tide is thus
distinguished from the lunitidal interval. See under
{Retardation}. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Retardation \Re`tar*da"tion\, n. [L. retardatio: cf. F.
retardation.]
1. The act of retarding; hindrance; the act of delaying; as,
the retardation of the motion of a ship; -- opposed to
{acceleration}.
The retardations of our fluent motion. --De Quinsey.
2. That which retards; an obstacle; an obstruction.
Hills, sloughs, and other terrestrial retardations.
--Sir W.
Scott.
3. (Mus.) The keeping back of an approaching consonant chord
by prolonging one or more tones of a previous chord into
the intermediate chord which follows; -- differing from
suspension by resolving upwards instead of downwards.
4. The extent to which anything is retarded; the amount of
retarding or delay.
{Retardation of the tide}.
(a) The lunitidal interval, or the hour angle of the moon
at the time of high tide any port; the interval
between the transit of the moon and the time of high
tide next following.
(b) The age of the tide; the retard of the tide. See under
{Retard}, n.
Retardative \Re*tard"a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. retardatif.]
Tending, or serving, to retard.
Retarder \Re*tard"er\, n.
One who, or that which, retards.
Retardment \Re*tard"ment\, n. [Cf. F. retardement.]
The act of retarding; retardation. --Cowley.
Retch \Retch\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Retched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Retching}.] [AS. hr?can to clear the throat, hawk, fr. hraca
throat; akin to G. rachen, and perhaps to E. rack neck.]
To make an effort to vomit; to strain, as in vomiting.
[Written also {reach}.]
Beloved Julia, hear me still beseeching! (Here he grew
inarticulate with retching.) --Byron.
Retch \Retch\, v. t. & i. [See {Reck}.]
To care for; to heed; to reck. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Retchless \Retch"less\, a.
Careless; reckless. [Obs.] --Dryden. --- {Retch"less*ly},
adv. -- {Retch"less*ness}, n. [Obs.]
Rete \Re"te\, n. [L., a net.] (Anat.)
A net or network; a plexus; particularly, a network of blood
vessels or nerves, or a part resembling a network.
Retecious \Re*te"cious\, a. [L. rete a net.]
Resembling network; retiform.
Retection \Re*tec"tion\, n. [L. retegere, retectum, to uncover;
pref. re- + tegere to cover.]
Act of disclosing or uncovering something concealed. [Obs.]
--Boyle.
Retell \Re*tell\, v. t.
To tell again.
Retene \Ret"ene\, n. [Gr. ??? pine resin.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline hydrocarbon, polymeric with benzene. It
is extracted from pine tar, and is also found in certain
fossil resins.
Retent \Re*tent"\, n. [L. retentum, fr. retentus, p. p. See
{Retain}.]
That which is retained. --Hickok.
Retention \Re*ten"tion\, n. [L. retentio: cf. F. r['e]tention.
See {Retain}.]
1. The act of retaining, or the state of being ratined.
2. The power of retaining; retentiveness.
No woman's heart So big, to hold so much; they lack
retention. --Shak.
3. That which contains something, as a tablet; a ???? of
preserving impressions. [R.] --Shak.
4. The act of withholding; retraint; reserve. --Shak.
5. Place of custody or confinement.
6. (Law) The right of withholding a debt, or of retaining
property until a debt due to the person claiming the right
be duly paid; a lien. --Erskine. Craig.
{Retention cyst} (Med.), a cyst produced by obstruction of a
duct leading from a secreting organ and the consequent
retention of the natural secretions.
Retentive \Re*ten"tive\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]tentif.]
Having power to retain; as, a retentive memory.
Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron, Can be
retentive to the strength of spirit. --Shak.
Retentive \Re*ten"tive\, n.
That which retains or confines; a restraint. [R.] --Bp. Hall.
Retentively \Re*ten"tive*ly\, adv.
In a retentive manner.
Retentiveness \Re*ten"tive*ness\, n.
The quality of being retentive.
Retentivity \Re`ten*tiv"i*ty\, n.
The power of retaining; retentive force; as, the retentivity
of a magnet.
Retentor \Re*ten"tor\, n. [L., a retainer.] (Zo["o]l.)
A muscle which serves to retain an organ or part in place,
esp. when retracted. See Illust. of {Phylactolemata}.
Retepore \Re`te*pore\, n. [L. rete a net + porus pore.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of bryozoans of the genus
{Retepora}. They form delicate calcareous corals, usually
composed of thin fenestrated fronds.
Retex \Re*tex"\, v. t. [L. retexere, lit., to unweave; pref. re-
re + texere to weave. ]
To annual, as orders. [Obs.] --Bp. Hacket.
Retexture \Re*tex"ture\, n.
The act of weaving or forming again. --Carlyle.
Rethor \Reth"or\, n. [Cf. F. rh['e]teur. See {Rhetor}.]
A rhetorician; a careful writer. [Obs.]
If a rethor couthe fair endite. --Chaucer.
Rethoryke \Reth"o*ryke\, n.
Rhetoric. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Retiarius \Re`ti*a"ri*us\, n. [L., fr. rete a net.] (Rom.Antiq.)
A gladiator armed with a net for entangling his adversary and
a trident for despatching him.
Retiary \Re"ti*a*ry\, n. [See {Retiarius}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any spider which spins webs to catch its prey.
2. A retiarius.
Retiary \Re`ti*a*ry\, a. [Cf. LL. retiarius.]
1. Netlike.
This work is in retiary, or hanging textures. --Sir
T. Browne.
2. Constructing or using a web, or net, to catch prey; --
said of certain spiders.
3. Armed with a net; hence, skillful to entangle.
Scholastic retiary versatility of logic.
--Coleridge.
Reticence \Ret"i*cence\, n. [L. reticentia: cf. F.
r['e]ticence.]
1. The quality or state of being reticent, or keeping
silence; the state of holding one's tonque; refraining to
speak of that which is suggested; uncommunicativeness.
Such fine reserve and noble reticence. --Tennyson.
2. (Rhet.) A figure by which a person really speaks of a
thing while he makes a show as if he would say nothingon
the subject.
Reticency \Ret"i*cen*cy\, n.
Reticence.
Reticent \Ret"i*cent\, a. [L. reticens, p. pr. of reticere to
keep silence; re- + tacere to be silent. See {Tacit}.]
Inclined to keep silent; reserved; uncommunicative.
Reticle \Ret"i*cle\, n. [See {Reticule}.]
1. A small net.
2. A reticule. See {Reticule}, 2. [R.]
Reticular \Re*tic"u*lar\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]ticulaire. See
{Reticule}.]
1. Having the form of a net, or of network; formed with
interstices; retiform; as, reticular cartilage; a
reticular leaf.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a reticulum.
Reticularia \Re*tic`u*la"ri*a\, n.pl. [NL. See {Reticular}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An extensive division of rhizopods in which the pseudopodia
are more or less slender and coalesce at certain points,
forming irregular meshes. It includes the shelled
Foraminifera, together with some groups which lack a true
shell.
Reticularian \Re*tic`u*la"ri*an\, n. (Zo["o]l).
One of the Reticularia.
Reticularly \Re*tic"u*lar*ly\, adv.
In a reticular manner.
Reticulate \Re*tic"u*late\, Reticulated \Re*tic"u*la`ted\, a.
[L. reticulatus. See {Reticule}.]
1. Resembling network; having the form or appearance of a
net; netted; as, a reticulated structure.
2. Having veins, fibers, or lines crossing like the threads
or fibers of a network; as, a reticulate leaf; a
reticulated surface; a reticulated wing of an insect.
{Reticulated glass}, ornamental ware made from glass in which
one set of white or colored lines seems to meet and
interlace with another set in a different plane.
{Reticulated micrometer}, a micrometer for an optical
instrument, consisting of a reticule in the focus of an
eyepiece.
{Reticulated work} (Masonry), work constructed with
diamond-shaped stones, or square stones placed diagonally.
Reticulation \Re*tic`u*la"tion\, n.
The quality or state of being reticulated, or netlike; that
which is reticulated; network; an organization resembling a
net.
The particular net you occupy in the great
reticulation. --Carlyle.
Reticule \Ret"i*cule\, n.. [F. r['e]ticule, L. reticulum, dim.
of rete a net. Cf.{Retina}, {Reticle}.]
1. A little bag, originally of network; a woman's workbag, or
a little bag to be carried in the hand. --De Quincey.
2. A system of wires or lines in the focus of a telescope or
other instrument; a reticle.
Reticulosa \Re*tic`u*lo"sa\, n.pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Reticularia}.
Reticulose \Re*tic"u*lose`\, a.
Forming a network; characterized by a reticulated sructure.
{Reticulose rhizopod} (Zo["o]l.), a rhizopod in which the
pseudopodia blend together and form irregular meshes.
Reticulum \Re*tic"u*lum\, n.;pl. {Reticula}. [L. dim. of rete a
net.] (Anat.)
(a) The second stomach of ruminants, in which folds of the
mucous membrane form hexagonal cells; -- also called the
{honeycomb stomach}.
(b) The neuroglia.
Retiform \Ret"i*form\, a. [L. rete a net + -form. cf. F.
r['e]tiforme.]
Composed of crossing lines and interstices; reticular;
netlike; as, the retiform coat of the eye.
Retina \Ret"i*na\, n. [NL., from L. rete a net. Cf. {Reticule}.]
(Anat.)
The delicate membrane by which the back part of the globe of
the eye is lined, and in which the fibers of the optic nerve
terminate. See {Eye}.
Note: The fibers of the optic nerve and the retinal blood
vessels spread out upon the front surface of the
retina, while the sensory layer (called Jacob's
membrane), containing the rods and cones, is on the
back side, next the choroid coat.
Retinaculum \Ret`i*nac"u*lum\, n.; pl. {Retinacula}. [L., a
holdfast, a band. See {Retain}.]
1. (Anat.)
(a) A connecting band; a fr[ae]num; as, the retinacula of
the ileoc[ae]cal and ileocolic valves.
(b) One of the annular ligaments which hold the tendons
close to the bones at the larger joints, as at the
wrist and ankle.
2. (Zo["o]l) One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of
certain worms.
3. (Bot.) A small gland or process to which bodies are
attached; as, the glandular retinacula to which the
pollinia of orchids are attached, or the hooks which
support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants.
Retinal \Ret"i*nal\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the retina.
{Retinal purple} (Physiol. Chem.), the visual purple.
Retinalite \Re*tin"a*lite\, n. [Gr. ???? resin + -lite.] (Min.)
A translucent variety of serpentine, of a honey yellow or
greenish yellow color, having a waxy resinlike luster.
Retinasphalt \Ret`in*as"phalt\, Retinasphaltum
\Ret`in*as*phal"tum\, n. [Gr. ???? resin + ????? asphalt.]
(Min.)
Retinite.
Retinerved \Ret"i*nerved`\, a. [L. rete a net + E. nerve.]
(Bot.)
Having reticulated veins.
Retineum \Ret`i*ne"um\, n.; pl. {Retinea}. [NL. See {Retina}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
That part of the eye of an invertebrate which corresponds in
function with the retina of a vertebrate.
Retinic \Re*tin"ic\, a. [Gr. ???? resin.] (Min. Chem.)
Of or pertaining to resin; derived from resin; specifically,
designating an acid found in certain fossil resins and
hydrocarbons.
Retinite \Ret"i*nite\, n. [Gr.??? resin: cf. F. r['e]tinite.]
(Min.)
An inflammable mineral resin, usually of a yellowish brown
color, found in roundish masses, sometimes with coal.
Retinitis \Ret`i*ni"tis\, n. [NL., fr. NL. & E. retina + -tis.]
(Med.)
Inflammation of the retina.
Retinoid \Ret"i*noid\, a. [Gr. ??? resin + -oid.]
Resinlike, or resinform; resembling a resin without being
such.
Retnol \Ret"*nol\, n. [Gr. ??? resin + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, --
used in printer's ink.
Retinophora \Ret`i*noph"o*ra\, n.; pl. {Retiniphor[ae]}. [NL.,
fr. NL. & E. retina + Gr. ???? to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of group of two to four united cells which occupy the
axial part of the ocelli, or ommatidia, of the eyes of
invertebrates, and contain the terminal nerve fibrill[ae].
See Illust. under {Ommatidium}.
Retinophoral \Ret`i*noph"o*ral\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to retinophor[ae].
Retinoscopy \Ret`i*nos"co*py\, n. [Retina + -scopy.] (Physiol.)
The study of the retina of the eye by means of the
ophthalmoscope.
Retinue \Ret"i*nue\, n. [OE. retinue, OF. retinue, fr. retenir
to retain, engage, hire. See {Retain}.]
The body of retainers who follow a prince or other
distinguished person; a train of attendants; a suite.
Others of your insolent retinue. --Shak.
What followers, what retinue canst thou gain? --Milton.
{To have at one's retinue}, to keep or employ as a retainer;
to retain. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Retinula \Re*tin"u*la\, n.; pl. {Retinul[ae]}. [NL., dim. of NL.
& E. retina.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the group of pigmented cells which surround the
retinophor[ae] of invertebrates. See Illust. under
{Ommatidium}.
Retinulate \Re*tin"u*late\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having, or characterized by, retinul?.
Retiped \Ret`i*ped\, n. [L. rete a net + pes, pedis, a foot: cf.
F. r['e]tinop[`e]de.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bird having small polygonal scales covering the tarsi.
Retiracy \Re*tir"a*cy\, n.
Retirement; -- mostly used in a jocose or burlesque way.
[U.S.] --Bartlett.
What one of our great men used to call dignified
retiracy. --C. A.
Bristed.
Retirade \Ret`i*rade"\, n. [F.; cf. Sp. retirada retreat. See
{Retire}.] (Fort.)
A kind of retrenchment, as in the body of a bastion, which
may be disputed inch by inch after the defenses are
dismantled. It usually consists of two faces which make a
re["e]ntering angle.
Retire \Re*tire"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retired}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Retiring}.] [F. retirer; pref. re- re- + tirer to draw.
See {Tirade}.]
1. To withdraw; to take away; -- sometimes used reflexively.
He . . . retired himself, his wife, and children
into a forest. --Sir P.
Sidney.
As when the sun is present all the year, And never
doth retire his golden ray. --Sir J.
Davies.
2. To withdraw from circulation, or from the market; to take
up and pay; as, to retire bonds; to retire a note.
3. To cause to retire; specifically, to designate as no
longer qualified for active service; to place on the
retired list; as, to retire a military or naval officer.
Retire \Re*tire"\, v. i.
1. To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof;
to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into
privacy; as, to retire to his home; to retire from the
world, or from notice.
To Una back he cast him to retire. --Spenser.
The mind contracts herself, and shrinketh in, And to
herself she gladly doth retire. --Sir J.
Davies.
2. To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw for safety
or pleasure; as, to retire from battle.
Set Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle,
and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and
die. --2 Sam. xi.
15.
3. To withdraw from a public station, or from business; as,
having made a large fortune, he retired.
And from Britannia's public posts retire. --Addison.
4. To recede; to fall or bend back; as, the shore of the sea
retires in bays and gulfs.
5. To go to bed; as, he usually retires early.
Syn: To withdraw; leave; depart; secede; recede; retreat;
retrocede.
Retire \Re*tire"\, n.
1. The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; also,
a place to which one retires. [Obs.]
The battle and the retire of the English succors.
--Bacon.
[Eve] discover'd soon the place of her retire.
--Milton.
2. (Mil.) A call sounded on a bugle, announcing to
skirmishers that they are to retire, or fall back.
Retired \Re*tired"\, a.
1. Private; secluded; quiet; as, a retired life; a person of
retired habits.
A retired part of the peninsula. --Hawthorne.
2. Withdrawn from active duty or business; as, a retired
officer; a retired physician.
{Retired flank} (Fort.), a flank bent inward toward the rear
of the work.
{Retired list} (Mil. & Naval), a list of officers, who, by
reason of advanced age or other disability, are relieved
from active service, but still receive a specified amount
of pay from the government. -- {Re*tired"ly}, adv. --
{Re*tired"ness}, n.
Retirement \Re*tire"ment\, n. [Cf. F. retirement.]
1. The act of retiring, or the state of being retired;
withdrawal; seclusion; as, the retirement of an officer.
O, blest Retirement, friend of life's decline.
--Goldsmith.
Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books.
--Thomson.
2. A place of seclusion or privacy; a place to which one
withdraws or retreats; a private abode. [Archaic]
This coast full of princely retirements for the
sumptousness of their buildings and nobleness of the
plantations. --Evelyn.
Caprea had been the retirement of Augustus.
--Addison.
Syn: Solitude; withdrawment; departure; retreat; seclusion;
privacy. See {Solitude}.
Retirer \Re*tir"er\, n.
One who retires.
Retiring \Re*tir"ing\, a.
1. Reserved; shy; not forward or obtrusive; as, retiring
modesty; retiring manners.
2. Of or pertaining to retirement; causing retirement; suited
to, or belonging to, retirement.
{Retiring board} (Mil.), a board of officers who consider and
report upon the alleged incapacity of an officer for
active service.
{Retiring pension}, a pension granted to a public officer on
his retirement from office or service.
Retistene \Ret"i*stene\, n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline hydrocarbon produced indirectly from
retene.
Retitelae \Ret`i*te"l[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., fr. rete a net + tela a
web.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of spiders which spin irregular webs; -- called also
{Retitelari[ae]}.
Retold \Re*told"\,
imp. & p. p. of {Retell}.
Retorsion \Re*tor"sion\, n.
Same as {Retortion}.
Retort \Re*tort"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retorted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Retorting}.] [L. retortus, p. p. of retorquere; pref. re-
re- + torquere to turn twist. See {Torsion}, and cf.
{Retort}, n., 2.]
1. To bend or curve back; as, a retorted line.
With retorted head, pruned themselves as they
floated. --Southey.
2. To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect.
As when his virtues, shining upon others, Heat them
and they retort that heat again To the first giver.
--Shak.
3. To return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or
incivility; as, to retort the charge of vanity.
And with retorted scorn his back he turned.
--Milton.
Retort \Re*tort"\, v. i.
To return an argument or a charge; to make a severe reply.
--Pope.
Retort \Re*tort"\, n. [See {Retort}, v. t.]
1. The return of, or reply to, an argument, charge, censure,
incivility, taunt, or witticism; a quick and witty or
severe response.
This is called the retort courteous. --Shak.
2. [F. retorte (cf. Sp. retorta), fr. L. retortus, p. p. of
retorquere. So named from its bent shape. See {Retort}, v.
t.] (Chem. & the Arts) A vessel in which substances are
subjected to distillation or decomposition by heat. It is
made of different forms and materials for different uses,
as a bulb of glass with a curved beak to enter a receiver
for general chemical operations, or a cylinder or
semicylinder of cast iron for the manufacture of gas in
gas works.
{Tubulated retort} (Chem.), a retort having a tubulure for
the introduction or removal of the substances which are to
be acted upon.
Syn: Repartee; answer.
Usage: {Retort}, {Repartee}. A retort is a short and pointed
reply, turning back on an assailant the arguments,
censure, or derision he had thrown out. A repartee is
usually a good-natured return to some witty or
sportive remark.
Retorter \Re*tort"er\, n.
One who retorts.
Retortion \Re*tor"tion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]torsion. See {Retort},
v. t.]
1. Act of retorting or throwing back; reflection or turning
back. [Written also {retorsion}.]
It was, however, necessary to possess some single
term expressive of this intellectual retortion.
--Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. (Law) Retaliation. --Wharton.
Retortive \Re*tort"ive\, a.
Containing retort.
Retoss \Re*toss"\, v. t.
To toss back or again.
Retouch \Re*touch"\, v. t. [Pref. re- + touch: cf. F.
retoucher.]
1. To touch again, or rework, in order to improve; to revise;
as, to retouch a picture or an essay.
2. (Photog.) To correct or change, as a negative, by
handwork.
Retouch \Re*touch"\, n. (Fine Arts)
A partial reworking,as of a painting, a sculptor's clay
model, or the like.
Retoucher \Re*touch"er\, n.
One who retouches.
Retrace \Re*trace"\, v. t. [Pref. re- + trace: cf. F. retracer.
Cf. {Retract}.]
1. To trace back, as a line.
Then if the line of Turnus you retrace, He springs
from Inachus of Argive race. --Driden.
2. To go back, in or over (a previous course); to go over
again in a reverse direction; as, to retrace one's steps;
to retrace one's proceedings.
3. To trace over again, or renew the outline of, as a
drawing; to draw again.
Retract \Re*tract"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retracted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Retracting}.] [F. r['e]tracter, L. retractare,
retractatum, to handle again, reconsider, retract, fr.
retrahere, retractum, to draw back. See {Retreat}.]
1. To draw back; to draw up or shorten; as, the cat can
retract its claws; to retract a muscle.
2. Ti withdraw; to recall; to disavow; to recant; to take
back; as, to retract an accusation or an assertion.
I would as freely have retracted this charge of
idolatry as I ever made it. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
3. To take back,, as a grant or favor previously bestowed; to
revoke. [Obs.] --Woodward.
Syn: To recal; withdraw; rescind; revoke; unsay; disavow;
recant; abjure; disown.
Retract \Re*tract"\, v. i.
1. To draw back; to draw up; as, muscles retract after
amputation.
2. To take back what has been said; to withdraw a concession
or a declaration.
She will, and she will not; she grants, denies,
Consents, retracts, advances, and then files.
--Granville.
Retract \Re*tract"\, n. (Far.)
The pricking of a horse's foot in nailing on a shoe.
Retractable \Re*tract"a*ble\ (-[.a]*b'l), a. [Cf. F.
r['e]tractable.]
Capable of being retracted; retractile.
Retractate \Re*tract"ate\, v. t. [L. retractatus, p. p. of
retractare. See {Retract}.]
To retract; to recant. [Obs.]
Retractation \Re`trac*ta"tion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]tractation, L.
retractatio a revision, reconsideration. ]
The act of retracting what has been said; recantation.
Retractible \Re*tract"i*ble\, a.
Retractable.
Retractile \Re*tract"ile\, a. [Cf. F. -r['e]tractile.]
(Physiol.)
Capable of retraction; capable of being drawn back or up; as,
the claws of a cat are retractile.
Retraction \Re*trac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]traction, L.
retractio a drawing back, hesitation.]
1. The act of retracting, or drawing back; the state of being
retracted; as, the retraction of a cat's claws.
2. The act of withdrawing something advanced, stated,
claimed, or done; declaration of change of opinion;
recantation.
Other men's insatiable desire of revenge hath wholly
beguiled both church and state of the benefit of all
my either retractions or ?oncessions. --Eikon
Basilike.
3. (Physiol.)
(a) The act of retracting or shortening; as, the
retraction of a severed muscle; the retraction of a
sinew.
(b) The state or condition of a part when drawn back, or
towards the center of the body.
Retractive \Re*tract"ive\, a.
Serving to retract; of the nature of a retraction. --
{Re*tract"ive*ly}, adv.
Retractive \Re*tract"ive\, n.
That which retracts, or withdraws.
Retractor \Re*tract"or\, n.
One who, or that which, retracts. Specifically:
(a) In breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a
cartridge shell from the barrel.
(b) (Surg.) An instrument for holding apart the edges of a
wound during amputation.
(c) (Surg.) A bandage to protect the soft parts from injury
by the saw during amputation.
(d) (Anat. & Zo["o]l.) A muscle serving to draw in any organ
or part. See Illust. under {Phylactol[ae]mata}.
Retract \Re*tract"\, n.
Retreat. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Retrait \Re*trait"\, n. [It. ritratto, fr. ritrarre to draw
back, draw, fr. L. retrahere. See {Retract}.]
A portrait; a likeness. [Obs.]
Whose fair retrait I in my shield do bear. --Spenser.
Retransform \Re`trans*form"\, v. t.
To transform anew or back. -- {Re`trans*for*ma"tion}, n.
Retranslate \Re`trans*late"\, v. t.
To translate anew; especially, to translate back into the
original language.
Retraxit \Re*trax"it\, n. [L., (he) has withdrawn. See
{Retract}.] (O. Eng. Law)
The withdrawing, or open renunciation, of a suit in court by
the plaintiff, by which he forever lost his right of action.
--Blackstone.
Retread \Re*tread"\, v. t. & i.
To tread again.
Retreat \Re*treat"\, n. [F. retraite, fr. retraire to withdraw,
L. retrahere; pref. re- re- + trahere to draw. See {Trace},
and cf. {Retract}, {Retrace}.]
1. The act of retiring or withdrawing one's self, especially
from what is dangerous or disagreeable.
In a retreat he o?truns any lackey. --Shak.
2. The place to which anyone retires; a place or privacy or
safety; a refuge; an asylum.
He built his son a house of pleasure, and spared no
cost to make a delicious retreat. --L'Estrange.
That pleasing shade they sought, a soft retreat From
sudden April showers, a shelter from the heat.
--Dryden.
3. (Mil. & Naval.)
(a) The retiring of an army or body of men from the face
of an enemy, or from any ground occupied to a greater
distance from the enemy, or from an advanced position.
(b) The withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy for
the purpose of avoiding an engagement or escaping
after defeat.
(c) A signal given in the army or navy, by the beat of a
drum or the sounding of trumpet or bugle, at sunset
(when the roll is called), or for retiring from
action.
Note: A retreat is properly an orderly march, in which
circumstance it differs from a flight.
4. (Eccl.)
(a) A special season of solitude and silence to engage in
religious exercises.
(b) A period of several days of withdrawal from society to
a religious house for exclusive occupation in the
duties of devotion; as, to appoint or observe a
retreat.
Syn: Retirement; departure; withdrawment; seclusion;
solitude; privacy; asylum; shelter; refuge.
Retreat \Re*treat"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Retreated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Retreating}.]
To make a retreat; to retire from any position or place; to
withdraw; as, the defeated army retreated from the field.
The rapid currents drive Towards the retreating sea
their furious tide. --Milton.
Retreatful \Re*treat"ful\, a.
Furnishing or serving as a retreat. [R.] ``Our retreatful
flood.'' --Chapman.
Retreatment \Re*treat"ment\, n.
The act of retreating; specifically, the Hegira. [R.]
--D'Urfey.
Retrench \Re*trench"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retrenched}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Retrenching}.] [OF. retrenchier, F. retrancher;
pref. re- re- + OF. trenchier, F. trancher, to cut. See
{Trench}.]
1. To cut off; to pare away.
Thy exuberant parts retrench. --Denham.
2. To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench
superfluities or expenses.
But this thy glory shall be soon retrenched.
--Milton.
3. To confine; to limit; to restrict. --Addison.
These figures, ought they then to receive a
retrenched interpretation? --I. Taylor.
4. (Fort.) To furnish with a retrenchment; as, to retrench
bastions.
Syn: To lesen; diminish; curtail; abridge.
Retrench \Re*trench"\, v. i.
To cause or suffer retrenchment; specifically, to cut down
living expenses; as, it is more reputable to retrench than to
live embarrassed.
Retrenchment \Re*trench"ment\, n. [Cf. F. retrenchment.]
1. The act or process of retrenching; as, the retrenchment of
words in a writing.
The retrenchment of my expenses will convince you
that ? mean to replace your fortune as far as I can.
--Walpole.
2. (Fort.) A work constructed within another, to prolong the
defense of the position when the enemy has gained
possession of the outer work; or to protect the defenders
till they can retreat or obtain terms for a capitulation.
Syn: Lessening; curtailment; diminution; reduction;
abridgment.
Retrial \Re*tri"al\, n.
A secdond trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial
trial, as of an accused person.
Retribute \Re*trib"ute\, v. t. [L. retributus, p. p.
ofretribuere to retribute; pref re- + tribuere to bestow,
assign, pay. See {Tribute}.]
To pay back; to give in return, as payment, reward, or
punishment; to requite; as, to retribute one for his
kindness; to retribute just punishment to a criminal. [Obs.
or R.] --Locke.
Retributer \Re*trib"u*ter\, n.
One who makes retribution.
Retribution \Ret`ri*bu"tion\, n. [L. retributio: cf. F.
r['e]tribution.]
1. The act of retributing; repayment.
In good offices and due retributions, we may not be
pinching and niggardly. --Bp. Hall.
2. That which is given in repayment or compensation; return
suitable to the merits or deserts of, as an action;
commonly, condign punishment for evil or wrong.
All who have their reward on earth, . . . Naught
seeking but the praise of men, here find Fit
retribution, empty as their deeds. --Milton.
3. Specifically, reward and punishment, as distributed at the
general judgment.
It is a strong argument for a state of retribution
hereafter, that in this world virtuous persons are
very often unfortunate, and vicious persons
prosperous. --Addison.
Syn: Repayment; requital; recompense; payment; retaliation.
Retributive \Re*trib"u*tive\, Retributory \Re*trib"u*to*ry\, a.
[Cf. LL. retributorius worthy of retribution.]
Of or pertaining to retribution; of the nature of
retribution; involving retribution or repayment; as,
retributive justice; retributory comforts.
Retrievable \Re*triev"a*ble\, a. [From {Retrieve}.]
That may be retrieved or recovered; admitting of retrieval.
-- {Re*triev"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Re*triev"a*bly}, adv.
Retrieval \Re*triev"al\, n.
The act retrieving.
Retrieve \Re*trieve"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retrieved}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Retrieving}.] [OE. retreven, OF. retrover to find
again, recover (il retroevee finds again), F. retrouver;
pref. re- re- + OF. trover to find, F. trouver. See
{Trover}.]
1. To find again; to recover; to regain; to restore from loss
or injury; as, to retrieve one's character; to retrieve
independence.
With late repentance now they would retrieve The
bodies they forsook, and wish to live. --Dryden
2. To recall; to bring back.
To retrieve them from their cold, trivial conceits.
--Berkeley.
3. To remedy the evil consequence of, to repair, as a loss or
damadge.
Accept my sorrow, and retrieve my fall. --Prior.
There is much to be done . . . and much to be
retrieved. --Burke.
Syn: To recover; regain; recruit; repair; restore.
Retrieve \Re*trieve"\, v. i. (Sport.)
To discover and bring in game that has been killed or
wounded; as, a dog naturally inclined to retrieve. --Walsh.
Retrieve \Re*trieve"\, n.
1. A seeking again; a discovery. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
2. The recovery of game once sprung; -- an old sporting term.
[Obs.] --Nares.
Retrievement \Re*trieve"ment\, n.
Retrieval.
Retriever \Re*triev"er\, n.
1. One who retrieves.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A dor, or a breed of dogs, chiefly employed to
retrieve, or to find and recover game birds that have been
killed or wounded.
Retrim \Re*trim"\, v. t.
To trim again.
Retriment \Ret"ri*ment\, n. [L. retrimentum.]
Refuse; dregs. [R.]
Retro- \Retro-\ [L. retro, adv., backward, back. Cf. {Re}-.]
A prefix or combining form signifying backward, back; as,
retroact, to act backward; retrospect, a looking back.
Retroact \Re`tro*act"\, v. i. [Pref. retro- + act.]
To act backward, or in return; to act in opposition; to be
retrospective.
Retroaction \Re`tro*ac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]troaction.]
1. Action returned, or action backward.
2. Operation on something past or preceding.
Retroactive \Re`tro*act"ive\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]troactif.]
Fitted or designed to retroact; operating by returned action;
affecting what is past; retrospective. --Beddoes.
{Retroactive law} or {statute} (Law), one which operates to
make criminal or punishable, or in any way expressly to
affect, acts done prior to the passing of the law.
Retroactively \Re`tro*act"ive*ly\, adv.
In a retroactive manner.
Retrocede \Re"tro*cede\, v. t. [Pref. retro- + cede: cf. F.
r['e]troc['e]der.]
To cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a
former proprietor.
Retrocede \Re"tro*cede\, v. i. [L. retrocedere; retro backward,
back + cedere to go. See {Cede}.]
To go back.
Retrocedent \Re`tro*ced"ent\, a. [L. retrocedens, p. pr.]
Disposed or likely to retrocede; -- said of diseases which go
from one part of the body to another, as the gout.
Retrocession \Re`tro*ces"sion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]trocession. See
{Retrocede}.]
1. The act of retroceding.
2. The state of being retroceded, or granted back.
3. (Med.) Metastasis of an eruption or a tumor from the
surface to the interior of the body.
Retrochoir \Re"tro*choir\, n. [Pref. retro- + choir.] (Eccl.
Arch.)
Any extension of a church behind the high altar, as a chapel;
also, in an apsidal church, all the space beyond the line of
the back or eastern face of the altar.
Retrocopulant \Re`tro*cop"u*lant\, a. [See {Retrocopulation}.]
Copulating backward, or from behind.
Retrocopulation \Re`tro*cop`u*la"tion\, n. [Pref. retro- +
copulation.]
Copulation from behind. --Sir T. Browne.
Retroduction \Re`tro*duc"tion\, n. [L. retroducere, retroductum,
to lead or bring back; retro backward + ducere to lead.]
A leading or bringing back.
Retroflex \Re"tro*flex\, Retroflexed \Re"tro*flexed\, a. [Pref.
retro- + L. flectere, flexum, to bend, to turn.]
Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly backward.
Retroflexion \Re`tro*flex"ion\, n.
The act of reflexing; the state of being retroflexed. Cf.
{Retroversion}.
Retrofract \Re"tro*fract\, Retrofracted \Re"tro*fract`ed\, a.
[Pref. retro- + L. fractus, p. p. of frangere to break.]
(Bot.)
Refracted; as, a retrofract stem.
Retrogenerative \Re`tro*gen"er*a*tive\, a. [Pref. retro- +
generative.]
Begetting young by retrocopulation.
Retrogradation \Re`tro*gra*da"tion\, n. [F. r['e]trogradation or
L. retrogradatio. See {Retrograde}.]
1. The act of retrograding, or moving backward.
2. The state of being retrograde; decline.
Retrograde \Re"tro*grade\, a. [L. retrogradus, from retrogradi,
retrogressus, to retrograde; retro back + gradi to step: cf.
F. r['e]trograde. See {Grade}.]
1. (Astron.) Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the
succession of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a
planet. --Hutton.
And if he be in the west side in that condition,
then is he retrograde. --Chaucer.
2. Tending or moving backward; having a backward course;
contrary; as, a retrograde motion; -- opposed to
{progressive}. ``Progressive and not retrograde.''
--Bacon.
It is most retrograde to our desire. --Shak.
3. Declining from a better to a worse state; as, a retrograde
people; retrograde ideas, morals, etc. --Bacon.
Retrograde \Re"tro*grade\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Retrograded}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Retrograding}.] [L. retrogradare, retrogradi:
cf. F. r['e]trograder.]
1. To go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to
move, backward, as a planet.
2. Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as
in morals or intelligence.
Retrogradingly \Re"tro*gra`ding*ly\, adv.
By retrograding; so as to retrograde.
Retrogress \Re"tro*gress\, n. [Cf. L. retrogressus.]
Retrogression. [R.] --H. Spenser.
Retrogression \Re`tro*gres"sion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]trogression.
See {Retrograde}, and cf. {Digression}.]
1. The act of retrograding, or going backward;
retrogradation.
2. (Biol.) Backward development; a passing from a higher to a
lower state of organization or structure, as when an
animal, approaching maturity, becomes less highly
organized than would be expected from its earlier stages
or known relationship. Called also {retrograde
development}, and {regressive metamorphism}.
Retrogressive \Re`tro*gres"sive\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]trogressif.]
1. Tending to retrograde; going or moving backward; declining
from a better to a worse state.
2. (Biol.) Passing from a higher to a lower condition;
declining from a more perfect state of organization;
regressive.
Retrogressively \Re`tro*gres"sive*ly\, adv.
In a retrogressive manner.
Retromingency \Re`tro*min"gen*cy\, n.
The quality or state of being retromingent. --Sir T. Browne.
Retromingent \Re`tro*min"gent\, a. [Pref. retro- + L. mingens,
p. pr. of mingere to urinate.]
Organized so as to discharge the urine backward. -- n.
(Zo["o]l.) An animal that discharges its urine backward.
Retropulsive \Re`tro*pul"sive\, a. [Pref. retro- + L. pellere,
pulsum, to impel.]
Driving back; repelling.
Retrorse \Re*trorse"\, a. [L. retrorsus, retroversus; retro back
+ vertere, versum, to turn. Cf. {Retrovert}.]
Bent backward or downward. -- {Re*trorse"ly}, adv.
Retrospect \Re"tro*spect\, v. i. [L. retrospicere; retro back +
specere, spectum, to look. See {Spy}, and cf. {Expect}.]
To look backward; hence, to affect or concern what is past.
It may be useful to retrospect to an early period. --A.
Hamilton.
Retrospect \Re"tro*spect\, n.
A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of the
past. --Cowper.
We may introduce a song without retrospect to the old
comedy. --Landor.
Retrospection \Re`tro*spec"tion\, n.
The act, or the faculty, of looking back on things past.
Retrospective \Re`tro*spec"tive\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]trospectif.]
1. Looking backward; contemplating things past; -- opposed to
prospective; as, a retrospective view.
The sage, with retrospective eye. --Pope.
2. Having reference to what is past; affecting things past;
retroactive; as, a retrospective law.
Inflicting death by a retrospective enactment.
--Macaulay.
Retrospectively \Re`tro*spec"tive*ly\, adv.
By way of retrospect.
Retrouss'e \Re*trous`s['e]"\, a. [F., p.p. of retrousser to turn
up.]
Turned up; -- said of a pug nose. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Retrovaccination \Re`tro*vac`ci*na"tion\, n. (Med.)
The inoculation of a cow with human vaccine virus.
Retroversion \Re`tro*ver"sion\, n. [Cf. F. r['e]troversion. See
{Retrovert}.]
A turning or bending backward; also, the state of being
turned or bent backward; displacement backwards; as,
retroversion of the uterus.
Note: In retroversion the bending is gradual or curved; in
retroflexion it is abrupt or angular.
Retrovert \Re"tro*vert\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retroverted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Retroverting}.] [Pref. retro- + L. vertere,
versum, to turn. Cf. {Retrorse}.]
To turn back.
Retroverted \Re"tro*vert*ed\, a.
In a state of retroversion.
Retrude \Re*trude"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Retruded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Retruding}.] [L. retrudere; re- + trudere to thrust.]
To thrust back. [R.] --Dr. H. More.
Retruse \Re*truse"\, a. [L. retrusus concealed, p. p. of
retrudere.]
Abstruse. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Retrusion \Re*tru"sion\, n.
The act of retruding, or the state of being retruded.
In virtue of an endless remotion or retrusion of the
constituent cause. --Coleridge.
Retry \Re*try"\, v. t.
To try (esp. judicially) a second time; as, to retry a case;
to retry an accused person.
Rette \Rette\, v. t.
See {Aret}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rettery \Ret"ter*y\, n.
A place or establishment where flax is retted. See {Ret}.
--Ure.
Retting \Ret"ting\, n.
1. The act or process of preparing flax for use by soaking,
maceration, and kindred processes; -- also called
{rotting}. See {Ret}. --Ure.
2. A place where flax is retted; a rettery. --Ure.
Retund \Re*tund"\, v. t. [L. retundere, retusum; pref. re- re- +
tundere to beat.]
To blunt; to turn, as an edge; figuratively, to cause to be
obtuse or dull; as, to retund confidence. --Ray. Cudworth.
Re-turn \Re-turn"\, v. t. & i.
To turn again.
Return \Re*turn"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Returned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Returning}.] [OE. returnen, retournen, F. retourner;
pref. re- re- + tourner to turn. See {Turn}.]
1. To turn back; to go or come again to the same place or
condition. ``Return to your father's house.'' --Chaucer.
On their embattled ranks the waves return. --Milton.
If they returned out of bondage, it must be into a
state of freedom. --Locke.
Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.
--Gen. iii.
19.
2. To come back, or begin again, after an interval, regular
or irregular; to appear again.
With the year Seasons return; but not me returns Day
or the sweet approach of even or morn. --Milton.
3. To speak in answer; to reply; to respond.
He said, and thus the queen of heaven returned.
--Pope.
4. To revert; to pass back into possession.
And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the
kingdom return to the house of David. --1Kings xii.
26.
5. To go back in thought, narration, or argument. ``But to
return to my story.'' --Fielding.
Return \Re*turn"\, v. t.
1. To bring, carry, send, or turn, back; as, to return a
borrowed book, or a hired horse.
Both fled attonce, ne ever back returned eye.
--Spenser.
2. To repay; as, to return borrowed money.
3. To give in requital or recompense; to requite.
The Lord shall return thy wickedness upon thine own
head. --1 Kings ii.
44.
4. To give back in reply; as, to return an answer; to return
thanks.
5. To retort; to throw back; as, to return the lie.
If you are a malicious reader, you return upon me,
that I affect to be thought more impartial than I
am. --Dryden.
6. To report, or bring back and make known.
And all the people answered together, . . . and
Moses returned the words of the people unto the
Lord. --Ex. xix. 8.
7. To render, as an account, usually an official account, to
a superior; to report officially by a list or statement;
as, to return a list of stores, of killed or wounded; to
return the result of an election.
8. Hence, to elect according to the official report of the
election officers. [Eng.]
9. To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an office, with
a certificate of what has been done; as, to return a writ.
10. To convey into official custody, or to a general
depository.
Instead of a ship, he should levy money, and return
the same to the treasurer for his majesty's use.
--Clarendon.
11. (Tennis) To bat (the ball) back over the net.
12. (Card Playing) To lead in response to the lead of one's
partner; as, to return a trump; to return a diamond for a
club.
{To return a lead} (Card Playing), to lead the same suit led
by one's partner.
Syn: To restore; requite; repay; recompense; render; remit;
report.
Return \Re*turn"\, n.
1. The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the
same place or condition; as, the return of one long
absent; the return of health; the return of the seasons,
or of an anniversary.
At the return of the year the king of Syria will
come up against thee. --1 Kings xx.
22.
His personal return was most required and necessary.
--Shak.
2. The act of returning (transitive), or sending back to the
same place or condition; restitution; repayment; requital;
retribution; as, the return of anything borrowed, as a
book or money; a good return in tennis.
You made my liberty your late request: Is no return
due from a grateful breast? --Dryden.
3. That which is returned. Specifically:
(a) A payment; a remittance; a requital.
I do expect return Of thrice three times the
value of this bond. --Shak.
(b) An answer; as, a return to one's question.
(c) An account, or formal report, of an action performed,
of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, and the
like; as, election returns; a return of the amount of
goods produced or sold; especially, in the plural, a
set of tabulated statistics prepared for general
information.
(d) The profit on, or advantage received from, labor, or
an investment, undertaking, adventure, etc.
The fruit from many days of recreation is very
little; but from these few hours we spend in
prayer, the return is great. --Jer. Taylor.
4. (Arch.) The continuation in a different direction, most
often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building,
or any member, as a molding or mold; -- applied to the
shorter in contradistinction to the longer; thus, a facade
of sixty feet east and west has a return of twenty feet
north and south.
5. (Law)
(a) The rendering back or delivery of writ, precept, or
execution, to the proper officer or court.
(b) The certificate of an officer stating what he has done
in execution of a writ, precept, etc., indorsed on the
document.
(c) The sending back of a commission with the certificate
of the commissioners.
(d) A day in bank. See {Return day}, below. --Blackstone.
6. (Mil. & Naval) An official account, report, or statement,
rendered to the commander or other superior officer; as,
the return of men fit for duty; the return of the number
of the sick; the return of provisions, etc.
7. pl. (Fort. & Mining) The turnings and windings of a trench
or mine.
{Return ball}, a ball held by an elastic string so that it
returns to the hand from which it is thrown, -- used as a
plaything.
{Return bend}, a pipe fitting for connecting the contiguous
ends of two nearly parallel pipes lying alongside or one
above another.
{Return day} (Law), the day when the defendant is to appear
in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and his
proceedings.
{Return flue}, in a steam boiler, a flue which conducts flame
or gases of combustion in a direction contrary to their
previous movement in another flue.
{Return pipe} (Steam Heating), a pipe by which water of
condensation from a heater or radiator is conveyed back
toward the boiler.
Returnable \Re*turn"a*ble\, a.
1. Capable of, or admitting of, being returned.
2. (Law) Legally required to be returned, delivered, given,
or rendered; as, a writ or precept returnable at a certain
day; a verdict returnable to the court.
Returner \Re*turn"er\, n.
One who returns.
Returnless \Re*turn"less\, a.
Admitting no return. --Chapman.
Retuse \Re*tuse"\, a. [L. retusus, p. p. : cf. F. r['e]tus. See
{Retund}.] (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Having the end rounded and slightly indented; as, a retuse
leaf.
Reule \Reule\, n.& v.
Rule. [Obs.]
Reume \Reume\, n.
Realm. [Obs.]
Reunion \Re*un"ion\, n. [Pref. re- + union: cf. F. r['e]union.]
1. A second union; union formed anew after separation,
secession, or discord; as, a reunion of parts or particles
of matter; a reunion of parties or sects.
2. An assembling of persons who have been separated, as of a
family, or the members of a disbanded regiment; an
assembly so composed.
Reunite \Re`u*nite"\, v. t. & i.
To unite again; to join after separation or variance. --Shak.
Reunitedly \Re`u*nit"ed*ly\, adv.
In a reunited manner.
Reunition \Re`u*ni"tion\, n.
A second uniting. [R.]
Reurge \Re*urge"\, v. t.
To urge again.
Revaccinate \Re*vac"ci*nate\, v. t.
To vaccinate a second time or again. -- {Re*vac`ci*na"tion},
n.
Revalescence \Rev`a*les"cence\, n.
The act of growing well; the state of being revalescent.
Would this prove that the patient's revalescence had
been independent of the medicines given him?
--Coleridge.
Revalescent \Rev`a*les"cent\, a. [L. revalescens, -entis, p. pr.
of revalescere; pref. re- re- + valescere, v. incho. fr.
valere to be well.]
Growing well; recovering strength.
Revaluation \Re*val`u*a"tion\, n.
A second or new valuation.
Revamp \Re*vamp"\, v. t.
To vamp again; hence, to patch up; to reconstruct.
Reve \Reve\, v. t.
To reave. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reve \Reve\, n. [See {Reeve}.]
An officer, steward, or governor. [Usually written {reeve}.]
[Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Reveal \Re*veal"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Revealed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Revealing}.] [F. r['e]v['e]ler, L. revelare, revelatum,
to unveil, reveal; pref. re- re- + velare to veil; fr. velum
a veil. See {Veil}.]
1. To make known (that which has been concealed or kept
secret); to unveil; to disclose; to show.
Light was the wound, the prince's care unknown, She
might not, would not, yet reveal her own. --Waller.
2. Specifically, to communicate (that which could not be
known or discovered without divine or supernatural
instruction or agency).
Syn: To communicate; disclose; divulge; unveil; uncover;
open; discover; impart; show.
Usage: See {Communicate}. -- {Reveal}, {Divulge}. To reveal
is literally to lift the veil, and thus make known
what was previously concealed; to divulge is to
scatter abroad among the people, or make publicly
known. A mystery or hidden doctrine may be revealed;
something long confined to the knowledge of a few is
at length divulged. ``Time, which reveals all things,
is itself not to be discovered.'' --Locke. ``A tragic
history of facts divulged.'' --Wordsworth.
Reveal \Re*veal"\, n.
1. A revealing; a disclosure. [Obs.]
2. (Arch.) The side of an opening for a window, doorway, or
the like, between the door frame or window frame and the
outer surface of the wall; or, where the opening is not
filled with a door, etc., the whole thickness of the wall;
the jamb. [Written also {revel}.]
Revealability \Re*veal`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being revealable; revealableness.
Revealable \Re*veal"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being revealed. -- {Re*veal"a*ble*ness}, n.
Revealer \Re*veal"er\, n.
One who, or that which, reveals.
Revealment \Re*veal"ment\, n.
Act of revealing. [R.]
Revegetate \Re*veg"e*tate\, v. i.
To vegetate anew.
Reveille \Re*veil"le\, n. [F. r['e]veil, fr. r['e]veiller to
awake; pref. re- re- + pref. es- (L. ex) + veiller to awake,
watch, L. vigilare to watch. The English form was prob. taken
by mistake from the French imper. r['e]veillez,2d pers. pl.
See {Vigil}.] (Mil.)
The beat of drum, or bugle blast, about break of day, to give
notice that it is time for the soldiers to rise, and for the
sentinels to forbear challenging. ``Sound a reveille.''
--Dryden.
For at dawning to assail ye Here no bugles sound
reveille. --Sir W.
Scott.
Revel \Rev"el\, n. (Arch.)
See {Reveal}. [R.]
Revel \Rev"el\, n. [OF. revel rebellion, disorder, feast, sport.
See {Revel}, v. i.]
A feast with loose and noisy jollity; riotous festivity or
merrymaking; a carousal.
This day in mirth and revel to dispend. --Chaucer.
Some men ruin . . . their bodies by incessant revels.
--Rambler.
{Master of the revels}, {Revel master}. Same as {Lord of
misrule}, under {Lord}.
Revel \Rev"el\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Reveled}or {Revelled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Reveling} or {Revelling}.] [OF. reveler to
revolt, rebel, make merry, fr. L. rebellare. See {Rebel}.]
1. To feast in a riotous manner; to carouse; to act the
bacchanalian; to make merry. --Shak.
2. To move playfully; to indulge without restraint. ``Where
joy most revels.'' --Shak.
Revel \Re*vel"\, v. t. [L. revellere; re- + vellere to pluck,
pull.]
To draw back; to retract. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Revelate \Rev"e*late\, v. t. [L. revelatus, p. p. of revelare to
reveal.]
To reveal. [Obs.] --Frith. Barnes.
Revelation \Rev`e*la"tion\, n. [F. r['e]v['e]lation, L.
revelatio. See {Reveal}.]
1. The act of revealing, disclosing, or discovering to others
what was before unknown to them.
2. That which is revealed.
3. (Theol.)
(a) The act of revealing divine truth.
(b) That which is revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible.
By revelation he made known unto me the mystery,
as I wrote afore in few words. --Eph. iii. 3.
4. Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon,
containing the prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse.
Revelator \Rev"e*la`tor\, n. [L.]
One who makes a revelation; a revealer. [R.]
Reveler \Rev"el*er\, n. [Written also reveller.]
One who revels. ``Moonshine revelers.'' --Shak.
Revellent \Re*vel"lent\, a. [L. revellens, p. pr. of revellere.
See {Revel}, v. t.]
Causing revulsion; revulsive. -- n. (Med.) A revulsive
medicine.
Revelment \Rev"el*ment\, n.
The act of reveling.
Revelous \Rev"el*ous\, a. [OF. reveleus.]
Fond of festivity; given to merrymaking or reveling. [Obs.]
Companionable and revelous was she. --Chaucer.
Revel-rout \Rev"el-rout`\, n. [See {Rout}.]
1. Tumultuous festivity; revelry. [Obs.] --Rowe.
2. A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob. [Obs.]
Reverry \Rev"er*ry\, n. [See {Revel}, v. i. & n.]
The act of engaging in a revel; noisy festivity; reveling.
And pomp and feast and revelry. --Milton.
Revendicate \Re*ven"di*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Revendicated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Revendicating}.][Cf. F.
revendiquer. See {Revenge}.]
To reclaim; to demand the restoration of. [R.] --Vattel
(Trans.).
Revendication \Re*ven`di*ca""tion\, n. [F. revendication.]
The act of revendicating. [R.] --Vattel (Trans.)
Revenge \Re*venge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Revenged}, p. pr. &
vb. n. {Revenging}.] [OF. revengier, F. revancher; pref. re-
re- + OF. vengier to avenge, revenge, F. venger, L.
vindicare. See {Vindicate}, {Vengerance}, and cf.
{Revindicate}.]
1. To inflict harm in return for, as an injury, insult, etc.;
to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury; to
avenge; -- followed either by the wrong received, or by
the person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the
reciprocal pronoun as direct object, and a preposition
before the wrong done or the wrongdoer.
To revenge the death of our fathers. --Ld. Berners.
The gods are just, and will revenge our cause.
--Dryden.
Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come, Revenge
yourselves alone on Cassius. --Shak.
2. To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or malignant
spirit; to wreak vengeance for maliciously.
Syn: To avenge; vindicate. See {Avenge}.
Revenge \Re*venge"\, v. i.
To take vengeance; -- with upon. [Obs.] ``A bird that will
revenge upon you all.'' --Shak.
Revenge \Re*venge"\, n.
1. The act of revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning
of evil for evil.
Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is even with his
enemy; but in passing it over he is superior.
--Bacon.
2. The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing of evil to
one who has done us an injury.
Revenge now goes To lay a complot to betray thy
foes. --Shak.
The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more
savage and cruel. --Kames.
Revengeable \Re*venge"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being revenged; as, revengeable wrong. --Warner.
Revengeance \Re*venge"ance\, n.
Vengeance; revenge. [Obs.]
Revengeful \Re*venge"ful\, a.
Full of, or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious;
revenging; wreaking revenge.
If thy revengeful heart can not forgive. --Shak.
May my hands . . . Never brandish more revengeful
steel. --Shak.
Syn: Vindictive; vengeful; resentful; malicious. --
{Re*venge"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Re*venge"ful*ness}, n.
Revengeless \Re*venge"less\, a.
Unrevenged. [Obs.] --Marston.
Revengement \Re*venge"ment\, n.
Revenge. [Obs.]
He 'll breed revengement and a scourge for me. --Shak.
Revenger \Re*ven"ger\, n.
One who revenges. --Shak.
Revenging \Re*ven"ging\, a.
Executing revenge; revengeful. -- {Re*ven"ging*ly}, adv.
--Shak.
Revenue \Rev"e*nue\, n. [F. revenu, OF. revenue, fr. revenir to
return, L. revenire; pref. re- re- + venire to come. See
{Come}.]
1. That which returns, or comes back, from an investment; the
annual rents, profits, interest, or issues of any species
of property, real or personal; income.
Do not anticipate your revenues and live upon air
till you know what you are worth. --Gray.
2. Hence, return; reward; as, a revenue of praise.
3. The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents,
etc., which a nation, state, or municipality collects and
receives into the treasury for public use.
{Revenue cutter}, an armed government vessel employed to
enforce revenue laws, prevent smuggling, etc.
Reverb \Re*verb"\, v. t.
To echo. [Obs.] --Shak.
Reverberant \Re*ver"ber*ant\, a. [L. reverberans, p. pr. : cf.
F. r['e]verb['e]rant. See {Reverberate}.]
Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating.
Reverberate \Re*ver"ber*ate\, a. [L. reverberatus, p. p. of
reverberare to strike back, repel; pref. re- re- + verberare
to lash, whip, beat, fr. verber a lash, whip, rod.]
1. Reverberant. [Obs.] ``The reverberate hills.'' --Shak.
2. Driven back, as sound; reflected. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Reverberate \Re*ver"ber*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Reverberated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Reverberating}.]
1. To return or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo,
as sound; to reflect, as light, as light or heat.
Who, like an arch, reverberates The voice again.
--Shak.
2. To send or force back; to repel from side to side; as,
flame is reverberated in a furnace.
3. Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat. [Obs.] ``Reverberated
into glass.'' --Sir T. Browne.
Reverberate \Re*ver"ber*ate\, v. i.
1. To resound; to echo.
2. To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled, as rays of
light; to be echoed, as sound.
Reverberation \Re*ver`ber*a"tion\, n. [CF. F.
r['e]verb['e]ration.]
The act of reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting
light or heat, or re["e]choing sound; as, the reverberation
of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of rays from a
mirror; the reverberation of voices; the reverberation of
heat or flame in a furnace.
Reverberative \Re*ver"ber*a*tive\, a.
Of the nature of reverberation; tending to reverberate;
reflective.
This reverberative influence is that which we have
intended above, as the influence of the mass upon its
centers. --I. Taylor.
Reverberator \Re*ver"ber*a`tor\, n.
One who, or that which, produces reverberation.
Reverberatory \Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry\, a.
Producing reverberation; acting by reverberation;
reverberative.
{Reverberatory furnace}. See the Note under {Furnace}.
Reverberatory \Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry\, n.
A reverberatory furnace.
Reverdure \Re*ver"dure\, v. t.
To cover again with verdure. --Ld. Berners.
Revere \Re*vere"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Revered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Revering}.] [L. revereri; pref. re- re- + vereri to fear,
perh. akin to E. wary: cf. F. r['e]v['e]rer.]
To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection,
mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor
in estimation.
Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his father
than treated as his partner in the empire. --Addison.
Syn: To venerate; adore; reverence.
Reverence \Rev"er*ence\, n. [F. r['e]v['e]rence, L. reverentia.
See {Reverent}.]
1. Profound respect and esteem mingled with fear and
affection, as for a holy being or place; the disposition
to revere; veneration.
If thou be poor, farewell thy reverence. --Chaucer.
Reverence, which is the synthesis of love and fear.
--Coleridge.
When discords, and quarrels, and factions, are
carried openly and audaciously, it is a sign the
reverence of government islost. --Bacon.
Note: Formerly, as in Chaucer, reverence denoted ``respect''
``honor'', without awe or fear.
2. The act of revering; a token of respect or veneration; an
obeisance.
Make twenty reverences upon receiving . . . about
twopence. --Goldsmith.
And each of them doeth all his diligence To do unto
the feast reverence. --Chaucer.
3. That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence;
reverend character; dignity; state.
I am forced to lay my reverence by. --Shak.
4. A person entitled to be revered; -- a title applied to
priests or other ministers with the pronouns his or your;
sometimes poetically to a father. --Shak.
{Save your reverence}, {Saving your reverence}, an
apologetical phrase for an unseemly expression made in the
presence of a priest or clergyman.
{Sir reverence}, a contracted form of Save your reverence.
Such a one as a man may not speak of, without he
say. ``Sir reverence.'' --Shak.
{To do reverence}, to show reverence or honor; to perform an
act of reverence.
Now lies he there, And none so poor to do him
reverence. --Shak.
Syn: Awe; honor; veneration; adoration; dread.
Usage: {Awe}, {Reverence}, {Dread}, {Veneration}. Reverence
is a strong sentiment of respect and esteem, sometimes
mingled slightly with fear; as, reverence for the
divine law. Awe is a mixed feeling of sublimity and
dread in view of something great or terrible, sublime
or sacred; as, awe at the divine presence. It does not
necessarily imply love. Dread is an anxious fear in
view of an impending evil; as, dread of punishment.
Veneration is reverence in its strongest
manifestations. It is the highest emotion we can
exercise toward human beings. Exalted and noble
objects produce reverence; terrific and threatening
objects awaken dread; a sense of the divine presence
fills us with awe; a union of wisdom and virtue in one
who is advanced in years inspires us with veneration.
Reverence \Rev"er*ence\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reverenced}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Reverencing}.]
To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and
affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
Let . . . the wife see that she reverence her husband.
--Eph. v. 33.
Those that I reverence those I fear, the wise. --Shak.
Reverencer \Rev"er*en*cer\, n.
One who regards with reverence. ``Reverencers of crowned
heads.'' --Swift.
Reverend \Rev"er*end\, a. [F. r['e]v['e]rend, L. reverendus, fr.
revereri. See {Revere}.]
Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear
and affection; venerable.
A reverend sire among them came. --Milton.
They must give good example and reverend deportment in
the face of their children. --Jer. Taylor.
Note: This word is commonly given as a title of respect to
ecclesiastics. A clergyman is styled the reverend; a
dean, the very reverend; a bishop, the right reverend;
an archbishop, the most reverend.
Reverendly \Rev"er*end*ly\, adv.
Reverently. [Obs.] --Foxe.
Reverent \Rev"er*ent\, a. [L. reverens, -entis, p. pr. of
revereri. See {Revere}.]
1. Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive;
humble; respectful; as, reverent disciples. ``They . . .
prostrate fell before him reverent.'' --Milton.
2. Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or submission;
as, reverent words; reverent behavior. --Joye.
Reverential \Rev`er*en"tial\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]v['e]renciel. See
{Reverence}.]
Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent
quality; reverent; as, reverential fear or awe. ``A
reverential esteem of things sacred.'' --South.
Reverentially \Rev`er*en"tial*ly\, adv.
In a reverential manner.
Reverently \Rev"er*ent*ly\, adv.
In a reverent manner; in respectful regard.
Reverer \Re*ver"er\, n.
One who reveres.
Reverie \Rev"er*ie\, Revery \Rev"er*y\, n.; pl. {Reveries}. [F.
r['e]verie, fr. r[^e]ver to dream, rave, be light-headed. Cf.
{Rave}.]
1. A loose or irregular train of thought occurring in musing
or mediation; deep musing; daydream. ``Rapt in nameless
reveries.'' --Tennyson.
When ideas float in our mind without any reflection
or regard of the understanding, it is that which the
French call revery, our language has scarce a name
for it. --Locke.
2. An extravagant conceit of the fancy; a vision. [R.]
There are infinite reveries and numberless
extravagancies pass through both [wise and foolish
minds]. --Addison.
Reversal \Re*ver"sal\, a. [See {Reverse}.]
Intended to reverse; implying reversal. [Obs.] --Bp. Burnet.
Reversal \Re*ver"sal\, n. [From {Reverse}.]
1. The act of reversing; the causing to move or face in an
opposite direction, or to stand or lie in an inverted
position; as, the reversal of a rotating wheel; the
reversal of objects by a convex lens.
2. A change or overthrowing; as, the reversal of a judgment,
which amounts to an official declaration that it is false;
the reversal of an attainder, or of an outlawry, by which
the sentence is rendered void. --Blackstone.
Reverse \Re*verse"\, a. [OE. revers, OF. revers, L. reversus, p.
p. of revertere. See {Revert}.]
1. Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite direction;
hence; opposite or contrary in kind; as, the reverse order
or method. ``A vice reverse unto this.'' --Gower.
2. Turned upside down; greatly disturbed. [Obs.]
He found the sea diverse With many a windy storm
reverse. --Gower.
3. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.) Reversed; as, a reverse shell.
{Reverse bearing} (Surv.), the bearing of a back station as
observed from the station next in advance.
{Reverse curve} (Railways), a curve like the letter S, formed
of two curves bending in opposite directions.
{Reverse fire} (Mil.), a fire in the rear.
{Reverse operation} (Math.), an operation the steps of which
are taken in a contrary order to that in which the same or
similar steps are taken in another operation considered as
direct; an operation in which that is sought which in
another operation is given, and that given which in the
other is sought; as, finding the length of a pendulum from
its time of vibration is the reverse operation to finding
the time of vibration from the length.
Reverse \Re*verse"\, n. [Cf. F. revers. See {Reverse}, a.]
1. That which appears or is presented when anything, as a
lance, a line, a course of conduct, etc., is reverted or
turned contrary to its natural direction.
He did so with the reverse of the lance. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. That which is directly opposite or contrary to something
else; a contrary; an opposite. --Chaucer.
And then mistook reverse of wrong for right. --Pope.
To make everything the reverse of what they have
seen, is quite as easy as to destroy. --Burke.
3. The act of reversing; complete change; reversal; hence,
total change in circumstances or character; especially, a
change from better to worse; misfortune; a check or
defeat; as, the enemy met with a reverse.
The strange reverse of fate you see; I pitied you,
now you may pity me. --Dryden.
By a reverse of fortune, Stephen becomes rich.
--Lamb.
4. The back side; as, the reverse of a drum or trench; the
reverse of a medal or coin, that is, the side opposite to
the {obverse}. See {Obverse}.
5. A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of the hand;
a backhanded stroke. [Obs.] --Shak.
6. (Surg.) A turn or fold made in bandaging, by which the
direction of the bandage is changed.
Reverse \Re*verse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reversed};p. pr. & vb.
n. {Reversing}.] [See {Reverse}, a., and cf. {Revert}.]
1. To turn back; to cause to face in a contrary direction; to
cause to depart.
And that old dame said many an idle verse, Out of
her daughter's heart fond fancies to reverse.
--Spenser.
2. To cause to return; to recall. [Obs.]
And to his fresh remembrance did reverse The ugly
view of his deformed crimes. --Spenser.
3. To change totally; to alter to the opposite.
Reverse the doom of death. --Shak.
She reversed the conduct of the celebrated vicar of
Bray. --Sir W.
Scott.
4. To turn upside down; to invert.
A pyramid reversed may stand upon his point if
balanced by admirable skill. --Sir W.
Temple.
5. Hence, to overthrow; to subvert.
These can divide, and these reverse, the state.
--Pope.
Custom . . . reverses even the distinctions of good
and evil. --Rogers.
6. (Law) To overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void;
to under or annual for error; as, to reverse a judgment,
sentence, or decree.
{Reverse arms} (Mil.), a position of a soldier in which the
piece passes between the right elbow and the body at an
angle of 45[deg], and is held as in the illustration.
{To reverse an engine} or {a machine}, to cause it to perform
its revolutions or action in the opposite direction.
Syn: To overturn; overset; invert; overthrow; subvert;
repeal; annul; revoke; undo.
Reverse \Re*verse"\, v. i.
1. To return; to revert. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. To become or be reversed.
Reversed \Re*versed"\, a.
1. Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to the
contrary; specifically (Bot. & Zo["o]l.), sinistrorse or
sinistral; as, a reversed, or sinistral, spiral or shell.
2. (Law) Annulled and the contrary substituted; as, a
reversed judgment or decree.
{Reversed positive} or {negative} (Photog.), a picture
corresponding with the original in light and shade, but
reversed as to right and left. --Abney.
Reversedly \Re*vers"ed*ly\, adv.
In a reversed way.
Reverseless \Re*verse"less\, a.
Irreversible. [R.] --A. Seward.
Reversely \Re*verse"ly\, adv.
In a reverse manner; on the other hand; on the opposite.
--Bp. Pearson.
Reverser \Re*vers"er\, n.
One who reverses.
Reversibility \Re*vers`i*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being reversible. --Tyndall.
Reversible \Re*vers"i*ble\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]versible revertible,
reversionary.]
1. Capable of being reversed; as, a chair or seat having a
reversible back; a reversible judgment or sentence.
2. Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on both sides,
so that either may be used; -- said of fabrics.
{Reversible lock}, a lock that may be applied to a door
opening in either direction, or hinged to either jamb.
{Reversible process}. See under {Process}.
Reversibly \Re*vers"i*bly\, adv.
In a reversible manner.
Reversing \Re*vers"ing\, a.
Serving to effect reversal, as of motion; capable of being
reversed.
{Reversing engine}, a steam engine having a reversing gear by
means of which it can be made to run in either direction
at will.
{Reversing gear} (Mach.), gear for reversing the direction of
rotation at will.
Reversion \Re*ver"sion\, n. [F. r['e]version, L. reversio a
turning back. See {Revert}.]
1. The act of returning, or coming back; return. [Obs.]
After his reversion home, [he] was spoiled, also, of
all that he brought with him. --Foxe.
2. That which reverts or returns; residue. [Obs.]
The small reversion of this great navy which came
home might be looked upon by religious eyes as
relics. --Fuller.
3. (Law) The returning of an esttate to the grantor or his
heirs, by operation of law, after the grant has
terminated; hence, the residue of an estate left in the
proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect in possession,
by operation of law, after the termination of a limited or
less estate carved out of it and conveyed by him. --Kent.
4. Hence, a right to future possession or enjoiment;
succession.
For even reversions are all begged before. --Dryden.
5. (Annuities) A payment which is not to be received, or a
benefit which does not begin, until the happening of some
event, as the death of a living person. --Brande &C.
6. (Biol.) A return towards some ancestral type or character;
atavism.
{Reversion of series} (Alg.), the act of reverting a series.
See {To revert a series}, under {Revert}, v. t.
Reversionary \Re*ver"sion*a*ry\, a. (Law)
Of or pertaining to a reversion; involving a reversion; to be
enjoyed in succession, or after the termination of a
particular estate; as, a reversionary interest or right.
Reversionary \Re*ver"sion*a*ry\, n. (Law)
That which is to be received in reversion.
Reversioner \Re*ver"sion*er\, n. (Law)
One who has a reversion, or who is entitled to lands or
tenements, after a particular estate granted is terminated.
--Blackstone.
Reversis \Re*ver"sis\, n. [F.]
A certain game at cards.
Revert \Re*vert"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Reverted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Reverting}.] [L. revertere, reversum; pref. re- re- +
vertere to turn: cf. OF. revertir. See {Verse}, and cf.
{Reverse}.]
1. To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse.
Till happy chance revert the cruel scence. --Prior.
The tumbling stream . . . Reverted, plays in
undulating flow. --Thomson.
2. To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate.
3. (Chem.) To change back. See {Revert}, v. i.
{To revert a series} (Alg.), to treat a series, as y = a + bx
+ cx^{2} + etc., where one variable y is expressed in
powers of a second variable x, so as to find therefrom the
second variable x, expressed in a series arranged in
powers of y.
Revert \Re*vert"\, v. i.
1. To return; to come back.
So that my arrows Would have reverted to my bow
again. --Shak.
2. (Law) To return to the proprietor after the termination of
a particular estate granted by him.
3. (Biol.) To return, wholly or in part, towards some
pre["e]xistent form; to take on the traits or characters
of an ancestral type.
4. (Chem.) To change back, as from a soluble to an insoluble
state or the reverse; thus, phosphoric acid in certain
fertilizers reverts.
Revert \Re*vert"\, n.
One who, or that which, reverts.
An active promoter in making the East Saxons converts,
or rather reverts, to the faith. --Fuller.
Reverted \Re*vert"ed\, a.
Turned back; reversed. Specifically: (Her.) Bent or curved
twice, in opposite directions, or in the form of an S.
Revertent \Re*vert"ent\, n. (Med.)
A remedy which restores the natural order of the inverted
irritative motions in the animal system. [Obs.] --E. Darwin.
Reverter \Re*vert"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, reverts.
2. (Law) Reversion. --Burrill.
Revertible \Re*vert"i*ble\, a.
Capable of, or admitting of, reverting or being reverted; as,
a revertible estate.
Revertive \Re*vert"ive\, a.
Reverting, or tending to revert; returning. --
{Re*vert"ive*ly}, adv.
The tide revertive, unattracted, leaves A yellow waste
of idle sands behind. --Thomson.
Revery \Rev"er*y\, n.
Same as {Reverie}.
Revest \Re*vest"\ (r[=e]*v[e^]st"), v. t. [OF reverstir, F.
rev[^e]tir, L. revestire; pref. re- re- + vestire to clothe,
fr. vestis a garment. See {Vestry}, and cf. {Revet}.]
1. To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe.
Her, nathless, . . . the enchanter Did thus revest
and decked with due habiliments. --Spenser.
2. To vest again with possession or office; as, to revest a
magistrate with authority.
Revest \Re*vest"\, v. i.
To take effect or vest again, as a title; to revert to former
owner; as, the title or right revests in A after alienation.
Revestiary \Re*ves"ti*a*ry\, n. [LL. revestiarium: cf. F.
revestiaire. See {Revest}.]
The apartment, in a church or temple, where the vestments,
etc., are kept; -- now contracted into {vestry}.
Revestry \Re*ves"try\, n.
Same as {Revestiary}. [Obs.]
Revestture \Re*vest"ture\, n.
Vesture. [Obs.]
Richrevesture of cloth of gold. --E. Hall.
Revet \Re*vet"\ (r[-e]*v[e^]t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Revetted};p. pr. & vb. n. {Revetting}.] [See {Revetment}.]
(Mil. & Civil Engineering)
To face, as an embankment, with masonry, wood, or other
material.
Revetment \Re*vet"ment\, n. [F. rev[^e]tement the lining of a
ditch, fr. rev[^e]tir to clothe, L. revestire. See {Revest},
v. t.] (Fort. & Engin.)
A facing of wood, stone, or any other material, to sustain an
embankment when it receives a slope steeper than the natural
slope; also, a retaining wall. [Written also
{rev[^e]tement}.]
Revibrate \Re*vi"brate\, v. i.
To vibrate back or in return. -- {Re`vi*bra"tion}, n.
Revict \Re*vict"\, v. t. [L. revictus, p. p. of revincere to
conquer.]
To reconquer. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Reviction \Re*vic"tion\, n. [From L. revivere, revictum, to live
again; pref. re- re- + vivere to live.]
Return to life. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Revictual \Re*vict"ual\, v. t.
To victual again.
Revie \Re*vie"\, v. t.
1. To vie with, or rival, in return.
2. (Card Playing) To meet a wager on, as on the taking of a
trick, with a higher wager. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Revie \Re*vie"\, v. i.
1. To exceed an adversary's wager in card playing. [Obs.]
2. To make a retort; to bandy words. [Obs.]
Review \Re*view"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Review?d}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Reveiwing}.] [Pref. re- + view. Cf. {Review}, n. ]
1. To view or see again; to look back on. [R.] ``I shall
review Sicilia.'' --Shak.
2. To go over and examine critically or deliberately.
Specifically:
(a) To reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before
printing it, or a book for a new edition.
(b) To go over with critical examination, in order to
discover exellences or defects; hence, to write a
critical notice of; as, to review a new novel.
(c) To make a formal or official examination of the state
of, as troops, and the like; as, to review a regiment.
(d) (Law) To re["e]xamine judically; as, a higher court
may review the proceedings and judgments of a lower
one.
3. To retrace; to go over again.
Shall I the long, laborious scene review? --Pope.
Review \Re*view"\, v. i.
To look back; to make a review.
Review \Re*view"\, n. [F. revue, fr. revu, p. p. of revoir to
see again, L. revidere; pref. re- re- + videre to see. See
{View}, and cf. {Revise}.]
1. A second or repeated view; a re["e]xamination; a
retrospective survey; a looking over again; as, a review
of one's studies; a review of life.
2. An examination with a view to amendment or improvement;
revision; as, an author's review of his works.
3. A critical examination of a publication, with remarks; a
criticism; a critique.
4. A periodical containing critical essays upon matters of
interest, as new productions in literature, art, etc.
5. An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a naval
force, by a high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining
the state of discipline, equipments, etc.
6. (Law) The judicial examination of the proceedings of a
lower court by a higher.
7. A lesson studied or recited for a second time.
{Bill of review} (Equity), a bill, in the nature of
proceedings in error, filed to procure an examination and
alteration or reversal of a final decree which has been
duly signed and enrolled. --Wharton.
{Commission of review} (Eng. Eccl. Law), a commission
formerly granted by the crown to revise the sentence of
the court of delegates.
Syn: Re["e]xamination; resurvey; retrospect; survey;
reconsideration; revisal; revise; revision.
Reviewable \Re*view"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being reviewed.
Reviewal \Re*view"al\, n.
A review. [R.] --Southey.
Reviewer \Re*view"er\, n.
One who reviews or re["e]xamines; an inspector; one who
examines publications critically, and publishes his opinion
upon their merits; a professional critic of books.
Revigorate \Re*vig"or*ate\, a. [LL. revigoratus, p. p. of
revigorare; L. re- + vigor vigor.]
Having new vigor or strength; invigorated anew. [R.]
--Southey.
Revigorate \Re*vig"or*ate\, v. t.
To give new vigor to. [Obs.]
Revile \Re*vile"\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Reviled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Reviling}.] [Pref. re- + OF. aviler to make vile,
depreciate, F. avilir; [`a] (L. ad.) + vil vile. See {Vile}.]
To address or abuse with opprobrious and contemptuous
language; to reproach. ``And did not she herself revile me
there?'' --Shak.
Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again. --1 Pet.
ii. 23.
Syn: To reproach; vilify; upbraid; calumniate.
Revile \Re*vile"\, n.
Reproach; reviling. [Obs.]
The gracious Judge, without revile, replied. --Milton.
Revilement \Re*vile"ment\, n.
The act of reviling; also, contemptuous language; reproach;
abuse. --Spenser.
Reviler \Re*vil"er\, n.
One who reviles. --1. Cor. vi. 10.
Reviling \Re*vil"ing\, n.
Reproach; abuse; vilification.
Neither be ye afraid of their revilings. --Isa. li. 7.
Reviling \Re*vil"ing\, a.
Uttering reproaches; containing reproaches. --
{Re*vil"ing*ly}, adv.
Revince \Re*vince"\, v. t. [See {Revict}.]
To overcome; to refute, as error. [Obs.] --Foxe.
Revindicate \Re*vin"di*cate\, v. t. [Pref. re- + vindicate. Cf.
{Revindicate}, {Revenge}.]
To vindicate again; to reclaim; to demand and take back.
--Mitford.
Revirescence \Rev`i*res"cence\, n. [L. revirescens, p. pr. of
revirescere to grow green again.]
A growing green or fresh again; renewal of youth or vigor.
[Obs.]
Revisable \Re*vis"a*ble\, a.
That may be revised.
Revisal \Re*vis"al\, n. [From {Revise}.]
The act of revising, or reviewing and re["e]xamining for
correction and improvement; revision; as, the revisal of a
manuscript; the revisal of a proof sheet; the revisal of a
treaty.
Revise \Re*vise"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Revised}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Revising}.] [F. reviser, fr. L. revidere, revisum, to see
again; pref. re- re- + videre, visum, to see. See {Review},
{View}.]
1. To look at again for the detection of errors; to
re["e]xamine; to review; to look over with care for
correction; as, to revise a writing; to revise a
translation.
2. (Print.) To compare (a proof) with a previous proof of the
same matter, and mark again such errors as have not been
corrected in the type.
3. To review, alter, and amend; as, to revise statutes; to
revise an agreement; to revise a dictionary.
{The Revised Version of the Bible}, a version prepared in
accordance with a resolution passed, in 1870, by both
houses of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury,
England. Both English and American revisers were employed
on the work. It was first published in a complete form in
1885, and is a revised form of the Authorized Version. See
{Authorized Version}, under {Authorized}.
Revise \Re*vise"\, n.
1. A review; a revision. --Boyle.
2. (Print.) A second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after
the first or a subsequent correction.
Reviser \Re*vis"er\, n.
One who revises.
Revision \Re*vi"sion\, n. [F. r['e]vision, L. revisio.]
1. The act of revising; re["e]xamination for correction;
review; as, the revision of a book or writing, or of a
proof sheet; a revision of statutes.
2. That which is made by revising.
Syn: Re["e]xamination; revisal; revise; review.
Revisional \Re*vi"sion*al\, Revisionary \Re*vi"sion*a*ry\, a.
Of or pertaining to revision; revisory.
Revisit \Re*vis"it\, v. t.
1. To visit again. --Milton.
2. To revise. [Obs.] --Ld. Berners.
Revisitation \Re*vis`it*a"tion\, n.
The act of revisiting.
Revisory \Re*vi"so*ry\, a.
Having the power or purpose to revise; revising. --Story.
Revitalize \Re*vi"tal*ize\, v. t.
To restore vitality to; to bring back to life. --L. S. Beale.
Revivable \Re*viv"a*ble\, a.
That may be revived.
Revival \Re*viv"al\, n. [From {Revive}.]
The act of reviving, or the state of being revived.
Specifically:
(a) Renewed attention to something, as to letters or
literature.
(b) Renewed performance of, or interest in, something, as the
drama and literature.
(c) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and
decline; a period of religious awakening; special
religious interest.
(d) Reanimation from a state of langour or depression; --
applied to the health, spirits, and the like.
(e) Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or flourishing state of
something, as of commerce, arts, agriculture.
(f) Renewed prevalence of something, as a practice or a
fashion.
(g) (Law) Restoration of force, validity, or effect; renewal;
as, the revival of a debt barred by limitation; the
revival of a revoked will, etc.
(h) Revivification, as of a metal. See {Revivification}, 2.
Revivalism \Re*viv"al*ism\, n.
The spirit of religious revivals; the methods of revivalists.
Revivalist \Re*viv"al*ist\, n.
A clergyman or layman who promotes revivals of religion; an
advocate for religious revivals; sometimes, specifically, a
clergyman, without a particular charge, who goes about to
promote revivals. Also used adjectively.
Revivalistic \Re*viv`al*is"tic\, a.
Pertaining to revivals.
Revive \Re*vive"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Revived}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Reviving}.] [F. revivere, L. revivere; pref. re- re- +
vivere to live. See {Vivid}.]
1. To return to life; to recover life or strength; to live
anew; to become reanimated or reinvigorated. --Shak.
The Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of
the child came into again, and he revived. --1 Kings
xvii. 22.
2. Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion, obscurity,
neglect, or depression; as, classical learning revived in
the fifteenth century.
3. (Old Chem.) To recover its natural or metallic state, as a
metal.
Revive \Re*vive"\, v. t. [Cf. F. reviver. See {Revive}, v. i.]
1. To restore, or bring again to life; to reanimate.
Those bodies, by reason of whose mortality we died,
shall be revived. --Bp. Pearson.
2. To raise from coma, languor, depression, or
discouragement; to bring into action after a suspension.
Those gracious words revive my drooping thoughts.
--Shak.
Your coming, friends, revives me. --Milton.
3. Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or disuse; as,
to revive letters or learning.
4. To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to recollection;
to recall attention to; to reawaken. ``Revive the libels
born to die.'' --Swift.
The mind has a power in many cases to revive
perceptions which it has once had. --Locke.
5. (Old Chem.) To restore or reduce to its natural or
metallic state; as, to revive a metal after calcination.
Revivement \Re*vive"ment\, n.
Revival. [R.]
Reviver \Re*viv"er\, n.
One who, or that which, revives.
Revivificate \Re`vi*vif"i*cate\, v. t. [Pref. re- + vivificate:
cf. L. revivificare, revivificatum. Cf. {Revivify}.]
To revive; to recall or restore to life. [R.]
Revivification \Re*viv`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F.
r['e]vivification.]
1. Renewal of life; restoration of life; the act of
recalling, or the state of being recalled, to life.
2. (Old Chem.) The reduction of a metal from a state of
combination to its metallic state.
Revivify \Re*viv"i*fy\, v. t. [Cf. F. r['e]vivifier, L.
revivificare. See {Vivify}.]
To cause to revive.
Some association may revivify it enough to make it
flash, after a long oblivion, into consciousness. --Sir
W. Hamilton.
Reviving \Re*viv"ing\, a. & n.
Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating.
--Milton. -- {Re*viv"ing*ly}, adv.
Reviviscence \Rev`i*vis"cence\, Revviscency \Rev`*vis"cen*cy\,
n.
The act of reviving, or the state of being revived; renewal
of life.
In this age we have a sort of reviviscence, not, I
fear, of the power, but of a taste for the power, of
the early times. --Coleridge.
Reviviscent \Rev`i*vis"cent\, a. [L. reviviscens, p. pr.
ofreviviscere to revive; pref. re- re- + viviscere, v. incho.
fr. vivere to live.]
Able or disposed to revive; reviving. --E. Darwin.
Revivor \Re*viv"or\, n. (Eng. Law)
Revival of a suit which is abated by the death or marriage of
any of the parties, -- done by a bill of revivor.
--Blackstone.
Revocability \Rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being revocable; as, the revocability of a
law.
Revocable \Rev"o*ca*ble\, a. [L. revocabilis: cf. F.
r['e]vocable. See {Revoke}.]
Capable of being revoked; as, a revocable edict or grant; a
revocable covenant. -- {Rev"o*ca*ble*ness}, n. --
{Rev"o*ca*bly}, adv.
Revocate \Rev"o*cate\, v. t. [L. revocatus, p. p. of revocare.
See {Revoke}.]
To recall; to call back. [Obs.]
Revocation \Rev`o*ca"tion\, n. [L. revocatio: cf. F.
r['e]vocation.]
1. The act of calling back, or the state of being recalled;
recall.
One that saw the people bent for the revocation of
Calvin, gave him notice of their affection.
--Hooker.
2. The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act
done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or
benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; as, the revocation of
an edict, a power, a will, or a license.
Revocatory \Rev"o**ca*to*ry\, a. [L. revocatorius: cf. F.
r['e]vocatoire.]
Of or pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a
revocation; revoking; recalling.
Revoice \Re*voice"\, v. t.
To refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ pipe, so as
to restore its tone.
Revoke \Re*voke"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Revoked};p. pr. & vb. n.
{Revoking}.] [F. r['e]voquer, L. revocare; pref. re- re- +
vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice. See {Voice}, and cf.
{Revocate}.]
1. To call or bring back; to recall. [Obs.]
The faint sprite he did revoke again, To her frail
mansion of morality. --Spenser.
2. Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to repeal;
to rescind; to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by
a special act; as,, to revoke a will, a license, a grant,
a permission, a law, or the like. --Shak.
3. To hold back; to repress; to restrain. [Obs.]
[She] still strove their sudden rages to revoke.
--Spenser.
4. To draw back; to withdraw. [Obs.] --Spenser.
5. To call back to mind; to recollect. [Obs.]
A man, by revoking and recollecting within himself
former passages, will be still apt to inculcate
these sad memoris to his conscience. --South.
Syn: To abolish; recall; repeal; rescind; countermand; annul;
abrogate; cancel; reverse. See {Abolish}.
Revoke \Re*voke"\, v. i. (Card Playing)
To fail to follow suit when holding a card of the suit led,
in violation of the rule of the game; to renege. --Hoyle.
Revoke \Re*voke"\, n. (Card Playing)
The act of revoking.
She [Sarah Battle] never made a revoke. --Lamb.
Revokement \Re*voke"ment\, n.
Revocation. [R.] --Shak.
Revoker \Re*vok"er\, n.
One who revokes.
Revokingly \Re*vok"ing*ly\, adv.
By way of revocation.
Revolt \Re*volt"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Revolted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Revolting}.] [Cf. F. r['e]voller, It. rivoltare. See
{Revolt}, n.]
1. To turn away; to abandon or reject something;
specifically, to turn away, or shrink, with abhorrence.
But this got by casting pearl to hogs, That bawl for
freedom in their senseless mood, And still revolt
when trith would set them free. --Milton.
HIs clear intelligence revolted from the dominant
sophisms of that time. --J. Morley.
2. Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or leader for
another; especially, to renounce allegiance or subjection;
to rise against a government; to rebel.
Our discontented counties do revolt. --Shak.
Plant those that have revolted in the van. --Shak.
3. To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended; hence, to
feel nausea; -- with at; as, the stomach revolts at such
food; his nature revolts at cruelty.
Revolt \Re*volt"\, v. t.
1. To cause to turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to
flight. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. To do violence to; to cause to turn away or shrink with
abhorrence; to shock; as, to revolt the feelings.
This abominable medley is made rather to revolt
young and ingenuous minds. --Burke.
To derive delight from what inflicts pain on any
sentient creatuure revolted his conscience and
offended his reason. --J. Morley.
Revolt \Re*volt"\, n. [F. r['e]volte, It. rivolta, fr. rivolto,
p. p. fr. L. revolvere, revolutum. See {Revolve}.]
1. The act of revolting; an uprising against legitimate
authority; especially, a renunciation of allegiance and
subjection to a government; rebellion; as, the revolt of a
province of the Roman empire.
Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?
--Milton.
2. A revolter. [Obs.] ``Ingrate revolts.'' --Shak.
Syn: Insurrection; sedition; rebellion; mutiny. See
{Insurrection}.
Revolter \Re*volt"er\, n.
One who revolts.
Revolting \Re*volt"ing\, a.
Causing abhorrence mixed with disgust; exciting extreme
repugnance; loathsome; as, revolting cruelty. --
{Re*volt"ing*ly}, adv.
Revoluble \Rev"o*lu*ble\, a. [L. revolubilis that may be rolled
back. See {Revolve}.]
Capable of revolving; rotatory; revolving. [Obs.]
Us, then, to whom the thrice three year Hath filled his
revoluble orb since our arrival here, I blame not.
--Chapman.
Revolute \Rev"o*lute\, a. [L. revolutus, p. p. of revolvere. See
{Revolve}.] (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Rolled backward or downward.
Note: A revolute leaf is coiled downwards, with the lower
surface inside the coil. A leaf with revolute margins
has the edges rolled under, as in the Andromeda
polifilia.
Revolution \Rev`o*lu"tion\, n. [F. r['e]volution, L. revolutio.
See {Revolve}.]
1. The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a
center; the motion of a body round a fixed point or line;
rotation; as, the revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the
earth on its axis, etc.
2. Return to a point before occupied, or to a point
relatively the same; a rolling back; return; as,
revolution in an ellipse or spiral.
That fear Comes thundering back, with dreadful
revolution, On my defenseless head. --Milton.
3. The space measured by the regular return of a revolving
body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a
measure of time, or by a succession of similar events.
``The short revolution of a day.'' --Dryden.
4. (Astron.) The motion of any body, as a planet or
satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it returns to
the same point again, or to a point relatively the same;
-- designated as the annual, anomalistic, nodical,
sidereal, or tropical revolution, according as the point
of return or completion has a fixed relation to the year,
the anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the
revolution of the earth about the sun; the revolution of
the moon about the earth.
Note: The term is sometimes applied in astronomy to the
motion of a single body, as a planet, about its own
axis, but this motion is usually called rotation.
5. (Geom.) The motion of a point, line, or surface about a
point or line as its center or axis, in such a manner that
a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a surface
(called a surface of revolution), and a moving surface a
solid (called a solid of revolution); as, the revolution
of a right-angled triangle about one of its sides
generates a cone; the revolution of a semicircle about the
diameter generates a sphere.
6. A total or radical change; as, a revolution in one's
circumstances or way of living.
The ability . . . of the great philosopher speedily
produced a complete revolution throughout the
department. --Macaulay.
7. (Politics) A fundamental change in political organization,
or in a government or constitution; the overthrow or
renunciation of one government, and the substitution of
another, by the governed.
The violence of revolutions is generally
proportioned to the degree of the maladministration
which has produced them. --Macaulay.
Note: When used without qualifying terms, the word is often
applied specifically, by way of eminence, to: (a) The
English Revolution in 1689, when William of Orange and
Mary became the reigning sovereigns, in place of James
II. (b) The American Revolution, beginning in 1775, by
which the English colonies, since known as the United
States, secured their independence. (c) The revolution
in France in 1789, commonly called the French
Revolution, the subsequent revolutions in that country
being designated by their dates, as the Revolution of
1830, of 1848, etc.
Revolutionary \Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry\, a. [Cf. F.
r['e]volutionnaire.]
Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to,
or promoting, revolution; as, revolutionary war;
revolutionary measures; revolutionary agitators.
Revolutionary \Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry\, n.
A revolutionist. [R.]
Dumfries was a Tory town, and could not tolerate a
revolutionary. --Prof.
Wilson.
Revolutioner \Rev`o*lu"tion*er\, n.
One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a
revolutionist. --Smollett.
Revolutionism \Rev`o*lu"tion*ism\, n.
The state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or
principles.
Revolutionist \Rev`o*lu"tion*ist\, n.
One engaged in effecting a change of government; a favorer of
revolution. --Burke.
Revolutionize \Rev`o*lu"tion*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Revolutioniezed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Revolutionizing}.]
To change completely, as by a revolution; as, to
revolutionize a government. --Ames.
The gospel . . . has revolutionized his soul. --J. M.
Mason.
Revolutive \Re*vol"u*tive\, a.
Inclined to revolve things in the mind; meditative. [Obs.]
--Feltham.
Revolvable \Re*volv"a*ble\, a.
That may be revolved.
Revolve \Re*volve"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Revolved}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Revolving}.] [L. revolvere, revolutum; pref. re- re-
+ volvere to roll, turn round. See {Voluble}, and cf.
{Revolt}, {revolution}.]
1. To turn or roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel;
to rotate, -- which is the more specific word in this
sense.
If the earth revolve thus, each house near the
equator must move a thousand miles an hour. --I.
Watts.
2. To move in a curved path round a center; as, the planets
revolve round the sun.
3. To pass in cycles; as, the centuries revolve.
4. To return; to pass. [R.] --Ayliffe.
Revolve \Re*volve"\, v. t.
1. To cause to turn, as on an axis.
Then in the east her turn she shines, Revolved on
heaven's great axile. --Milton.
2. Hence, to turn over and over in the mind; to reflect
repeatedly upon; to consider all aspects of.
This having heard, straight I again revolved The law
and prophets. --Milton.
Revolvement \Re*volve"ment\, n.
Act of revolving. [R.]
Revolvency \Re*volv"en*cy\, n.
The act or state of revolving; revolution. [Archaic]
Its own revolvency upholds the world. --Cowper.
Revolver \Re*volv"er\, n.
One who, or that which, revolves; specifically, a firearm (
commonly a pistol) with several chambers or barrels so
arranged as to revolve on an axis, and be discharged in
succession by the same lock; a repeater.
Revolving \Re*volv"ing\, a.
Making a revolution or revolutions; rotating; -- used also
figuratively of time, seasons, etc., depending on the
revolution of the earth.
But grief returns with the revolving year. --Shelley.
Revolving seasons, fruitless as they pass. --Cowper.
{Revolving firearm}. See {Revolver}.
{Revolving light}, a light or lamp in a lighthouse so
arranged as to appear and disappear at fixed intervals,
either by being turned about an axis so as to show light
only at intervals, or by having its light occasionally
intercepted by a revolving screen.
Revulse \Re*vulse"\, v. t. [L. revulsus, p. p. of revellere.]
To pull back with force. [R.] --Cowper.
Revulsion \Re*vul"sion\, n. [F. r['e]vulsion, L. revulsio, fr.
revellere, revulsum, to pluck or pull away; pref. re- re- +
vellere to pull. Cf. {Convulse}.]
1. A strong pulling or drawing back; withdrawal. ``Revulsions
and pullbacks.'' --SSir T. Brovne.
2. A sudden reaction; a sudden and complete change; --
applied to the feelings.
A sudden and violent revulsion of feeling, both in
the Parliament and the country, followed.
--Macaulay.
3. (Med.) The act of turning or diverting any disease from
one part of the body to another. It resembles derivation,
but is usually applied to a more active form of counter
irritation.
Revulsive \Re*vul"sive\, a. [Cf. F. r['e]vulsif.]
Causing, or tending to, revulsion.
Revulsive \Re*vul"sive\, n.
That which causes revulsion; specifically (Med.), a revulsive
remedy or agent.
Rew \Rew\, n. [See {Row} a series.]
A row. [Obs.] --Chaucer. ``A rew of sundry colored stones.''
--Chapman.
Rewake \Re*wake""\, v. t. & i.
To wake again.
Reward \Re*ward"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rewarded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Rewarding}.] [OF. rewarder, another form of regarder, of
German origin. The original sense is, to look at, regard,
hence, to regard as worthy, give a reward to. See {Ward},
{Regard}.]
To give in return, whether good or evil; -- commonly in a
good sense; to requite; to recompense; to repay; to
compensate.
After the deed that is done, one doom shall reward,
Mercy or no mercy as truth will accord. --Piers
Plowman.
Thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded
thee evil. --1 Sam. xxiv.
17.
I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will
reward them that hate me. --Deut. xxxii.
41.
God rewards those that have made use of the single
talent. --Hammond.
Reward \Re*ward"\, n. [See {Reward}, v., and cf. {Regard}, n.]
1. Regard; respect; consideration. [Obs.]
Take reward of thine own value. --Chaucer.
2. That which is given in return for good or evil done or
received; esp., that which is offered or given in return
for some service or attainment, as for excellence in
studies, for the return of something lost, etc.;
recompense; requital.
Thou returnest From flight, seditious angel, to
receive Thy merited reward. --Milton.
Rewards and punishments do always presuppose
something willingly done well or ill. --Hooker.
3. Hence, the fruit of one's labor or works.
The dead know not anything, neither have they any
more a reward. --Eccl. ix. 5.
4. (Law) Compensation or remuneration for services; a sum of
money paid or taken for doing, or forbearing to do, some
act. --Burrill.
Syn: Recompense; compensation; remuneration; pay; requital;
retribution; punishment.
Rewardable \Re*ward"a*ble\, a.
Worthy of reward. -- {Re*ward"a*ble*ness}, n. --
{Re*ward"a*bly}, adv.
Rewarder \Re*ward"er\, n.
One who rewards.
Rewardful \Re*ward"ful\, a.
Yielding reward. [R.]
Rewardless \Re*ward"less\, a.
Having, or affording, no reward.
Rewe \Rewe\ (r[udd]), v. t. & i.
To rue. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rewel bone \Rew"el bone`\ [Perh. from F. rouelle, dim. of roue a
wheel, L. rota.]
An obsolete phrase of disputed meaning, -- perhaps, smooth or
polished bone.
His saddle was of rewel boon. --Chaucer.
Rewet \Rew"et\ (r[udd]"[e^]t), n. [See {Rouet}.]
A gunlock. [R.]
Rewful \Rew"ful\, a.
Rueful. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rewin \Re*win"\, v. t.
To win again, or win back.
The Palatinate was not worth the rewinning. --Fuller.
Rewle \Rewle\, n. & v.
Rule. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rewme \Rewme\, n.
Realm. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Reword \Re*word"\, v. t.
1. To repeat in the same words; to re["e]cho. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. To alter the wording of; to restate in other words; as, to
reword an idea or a passage.
Rewrite \Re*write"\, v. t.
To write again. --Young.
Rewth \Rewth\, n.
Ruth. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rex \Rex\, n.; pl. {Reges}. [L.]
A king.
{To play rex}, to play the king; to domineer. [Obs.]
Reyn \Reyn\, n.
Rain or rein. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reynard \Rey"nard\, n.
An appelation applied after the manner of a proper name to
the fox. Same as {Renard}.
Reyse \Reyse\, v. t.
To raise. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Reyse \Reyse\, v. i. [Cf. G. reisen to travel.]
To go on a military expedition. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rhabarbarate \Rha*bar"ba*rate\, a. [From NL. rhabarbarum, an old
name of rhubarb. See {Rhubarb}.]
Impregnated or tinctured with rhubarb. --Floyer.
Rhabarbarin \Rha*bar"ba*rin\, or Rhabarbarine \Rha*bar"ba*rine\,
n. (Chem.)
Chrysophanic acid.
Rhabdite \Rhab"dite\, n. [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A minute smooth rodlike or fusiform structure
found in the tissues of many Turbellaria.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the hard parts forming the ovipositor of
insects.
Rhabdocoela \Rhab`do*c[oe]"la\ (r[a^]b`d[-o]*s[=e]"l[.a]), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + koi^los hollow.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of Turbellaria including those that have a simple
cylindrical, or saclike, stomach, without an intestine.
Rhabdocoelous \Rhab`do*c[oe]"lous\ (-l[u^]s), a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Rhabdoc[oe]la.
Rhabdoidal \Rhab*doid"al\, a.
See {Sagittal}.
Rhabdolith \Rhab"do*lith\, n. [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + -lith.]
A minute calcareous rodlike structure found both at the
surface and the bottom of the ocean; -- supposed by some to
be a calcareous alga.
Rhabdology \Rhab*dol"o*gy\, n.
Same as {Rabdology}.
Rhabdom \Rhab"dom\ (r[a^]b"d[o^]m), n. [Gr. "ra`bdwma a bundle
of rods, fr. "ra`bdos a rod.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of numerous minute rodlike structures formed of two or
more cells situated behind the retinul[ae] in the compound
eyes of insects, etc. See Illust. under {Ommatidium}.
Rhabdomancy \Rhab"do*man`cy\, n.
Same as {Rabdomancy}.
Rhabdomere \Rhab"do*mere\, n. [Rhabdom + -mere.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the several parts composing a rhabdom.
Rhabdophora \Rhab*doph"o*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a
rod + ??? to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extinct division of Hydrozoa which includes the
graptolities.
Rhabdopleura \Rhab`do*pleu"ra\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod
+ ???? the side.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of marine Bryozoa in which the tubular cells have a
centralchitinous axis and the tentacles are borne on a
bilobed lophophore. It is the type of the order
Pterobranchia, or Podostomata
Rhabdosphere \Rhab"do*sphere\, n. [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + E.
sphere.]
A minute sphere composed of rhabdoliths.
Rhachialgia \Rha`chi*al"gi*a\, n. [NL.]
See {Rachialgia}.
Rhachidian \Rha*chid"i*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the rhachis; as, the rhachidian teeth of
a mollusk.
Rhachiglossa \Rhach`i*glos"sa\, n.pl. [NL. See {Rhachis}, and
{Glossa}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of marine gastropods having a retractile proboscis
and three longitudinal rows of teeth on the radula. It
includes many of the large ornamental shells, as the miters,
murices, olives, purpuras, volutes, and whelks. See Illust.
in Append.
Rhachilla \Rha*chil"la\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`chis the spine.]
(Bot.)
A branch of inflorescence; the zigzag axis on which the
florets are arranged in the spikelets of grasses.
Rhachiodont \Rha"chi*o*dont\, a. [Gr. "ra`chis, -ios, the spine
+ ???, ???, a tooth.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having gular teeth formed by a peculiar modification of the
inferior spines of some of the vertebr[ae], as certain South
African snakes ({Dasypelits}) which swallow birds' eggs and
use these gular teeth to crush them.
Rhachis \Rha"chis\, n.; pl. E. {Rhachises}, L. {Rhachides}. [See
{Rachis}.] [Written also {rechis}.]
1. (Anat.) The spine.
2. (Bot.)
(a) The continued stem or midrib of a pinnately compound
leaf, as in a rose leaf or a fern.
(b) The principal axis in a raceme, spike, panicle, or
corymb.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The shaft of a feather. The rhachis of the
after-shaft, or plumule, is called the hyporhachis.
(b) The central cord in the stem of a crinoid.
(c) The median part of the radula of a mollusk.
(d) A central cord of the ovary of nematodes.
Rhachitis \Rha*chi"tis\, n. [NL.]
See {Rachitis}.
Rhadamanthine \Rhad`a*man"thine\, a.
Of or pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously just; as, a
Rhadamanthine judgment.
Rhagamanthus \Rhag`a*man"thus\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???.] (Greek
Mythol.)
One of the three judges of the internal regions;
figuratively, a strictly just judge.
Rhaetian \Rh[ae]"ti*an\, a & n.
Rhetain.
Rhaetic \Rh[ae]"tic\, a. [L. Rhaeticus Rhetain.] (Geol.)
Pertining to, or of the same horizon as, certain Mesozoic
strata of the Rhetain Alps. These strata are regarded as
closing the Triassic period. See the Chart of {Geology}.
Rhaetizite \Rh[ae]"ti*zite\, n. [So called from L. Rhaetia,
Raetia, the Rhetain Alps, where it is found.] (Min.)
A variety of the mineral cyanite.
Rhamadan \Rham`a*dan"\, n.
See {Ramadan}.
Rhamnaceous \Rham*na"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order of shrubs and trees
({Rhamnace[ae]}, or {Rhamne[ae]}) of which the buckthorn
({Rhamnus}) is the type. It includes also the New Jersey tea,
the supple-jack, and one of the plants called lotus
({Zizyphus}).
Rhamnus \Rham"nus\, n. [NL., from Gr. "ra`mnos a kind of prickly
shrub; cf. L. rhamnos.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs and small trees; buckthorn. The California
{Rhamnus Purshianus} and the European {R. catharticus} are
used in medicine. The latter is used for hedges.
Rhamphorhynchus \Rham`pho*rhyn"chus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`mfos
a beak + ???? snout.] (Paleon.)
A genus of pterodactyls in which the elongated tail supported
a leathery expansion at the tip.
Rhamphotheca \Rham`pho*the"ca\, n.; pl. {Rhamphothec[ae]}. [NL.,
fr. Gr "ra`mnos a beak + ?? a case.] (Zo["o]l.)
The horny covering of the bill of birds.
Rhaphe \Rha"phe\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? seam, fr. ??? to sew. ]
(Bot.)
The continuation of the seed stalk along the side of an
anatropous ovule or seed, forming a ridge or seam. [Written
also {raphe}.] --Gray.
Rhaphides \Rhaph"i*des\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ???, ???, a
needle, F. raphides.] (Bot.)
Minute transparent, often needle-shaped, crystals found in
the tissues of plants. [Written also {raphides}.]
Rhaponticine \Rha*pon"ti*cine\, n. [L. rhaponticum rhubarb. See
{Rhubarb}.] (Chem.)
Chrysophanic acid.
Rhapsode \Rhap"sode\ (r[a^]p"s[=o]d), n. [Gr. "rapsw,do`s. See
{Rhapsody}.] (Gr. Antiq.)
A rhapsodist. [R.] --Grote.
Rhapsoder \Rhap"so*der\, n.
A rhapsodist. [Obs.]
Rhapsodic \Rhap*sod"ic\, Rhapsodic \Rhap*sod"ic\, a. [Gr.
"rapsw,diko`s: cf. F. rhapsodique.]
Of or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; hence,
confused; unconnected. -- {Rhap*sod"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Rhapsodist \Rhap"so*dist\, n. [From {Rhapsody}.]
1. Anciently, one who recited or composed a rhapsody;
especially, one whose profession was to recite the verses
of Hormer and other epic poets.
2. Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a livelihood;
one who makes and repeats verses extempore.
The same populace sit for hours listening to
rhapsodists who recite Ariosto. --Carlyle.
3. One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with great
excitement or affectation of feeling. --I. Watts.
Rhapsodize \Rhap"so*dize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rhapsodized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Rhapsodizing}.]
To utter as a rhapsody, or in the manner of a rhapsody
--Sterne.
Rhapsodize \Rhap"so*dize\, v. i.
To utter rhapsodies. --Jefferson.
Rhapsodomancy \Rhap"so*do*man`cy\, n. [Rhapsody + -mancy.]
Divination by means of verses.
Rhapsody \Rhap"so*dy\, n.; pl. {Rhapsodies}. [F. rhapsodie, L.
rhapsodia, Gr. "rapsw,di`a, fr. "rapsw,do`s a rhapsodist;
"ra`ptein to sew, stitch together, unite + 'w,dh` a song. See
{Ode}.]
1. A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic
poem adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one
time; hence, a division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; --
called also a {book}.
2. A disconnected series of sentences or statements composed
under excitement, and without dependence or natural
connection; rambling composition. ``A rhapsody of words.''
--Shak. ``A rhapsody of tales.'' --Locke.
3. (Mus.) A composition irregular in form, like an
improvisation; as, Liszt's ``Hungarian Rhapsodies.''
Rhatany \Rhat"a*ny\, Rhatanhy \Rhat"an*hy\, n. [Sp. ratania,
rata[~n]a, Peruv. rata[~n]a.]
The powerfully astringent root of a half-shrubby Peruvian
plant ({Krameria triandra}). It is used in medicine and to
color port wine. [Written also {ratany}.]
{Savanilla rhatany}, the root of {Krameria Ixina}, a native
of New Granada.
Rhea \Rhe"a\, n. (Bot.)
The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See {Grass-cloth plant},
under {Grass}.
Rhea \Rhe"a\, n. [L., a proper name.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of three species of large South American ostrichlike
birds of the genera {Rhea} and {Pterocnemia}. Called also the
{American ostrich}.
Note: The common rhea, or nandou ({Rhea Americana}), ranges
from Brazil to Patagonia. Darwin's rhea ({Pterocnemia
Darwinii}), of Patagonia, is smaller, and has the legs
feathered below the knee.
Rheae \Rhe"[ae]\, n.pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of struthious birds including the rheas.
Rheeboc \Rhee"boc\, n. [D. reebok roebuck.] (Zo["o]l.)
The peele. [Written also {reebok}.]
Rheic \Rhe"ic\, a. [NL. Rheum rhubarb, Gr. ??? See {Rhubarb}.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called
chrysophanic acid) found in rhubarb ({Rheum}). [Obsoles.]
Rhein \Rhe"in\, n. (Chem.)
Chrysophanic acid.
Rheinberry \Rhein"ber*ry\, n. [G. rheinbeere.] (Bot.)
One of the berries or drupes of the European buckthorn; also,
the buckthorn itself.
Rhematic \Rhe*mat"ic\, a. [Gr. ???? of or for a verb, fr. ???,
???, a sentence. See {Rhetoric}.] (Gram.)
Having a verb for its base; derived from a verb; as, rhematic
adjectives. --Ftzed. Hall.
Rhematic \Rhe*mat"ic\, n.
The doctrine of propositions or sentences. --Coleridge.
Rhemish \Rhemish\, a.
Of or pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France.
{Rhemish Testament}, the English version of the New Testament
used by Roman Catholics. See {Douay Bible}.
Rhenish \Rhen"ish\, a. [L. Rhenus the Rhine. ]
Of or pertaining to the river Rhine; as, Rhenish wine. -- n.
Rhine wine.
Rheochord \Rhe"o*chord\, n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + ??? chord.]
(Elec.)
A metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a
circuit, or varying the strength of an electric current, by
inserting a greater or less length of it in the circuit.
Rheometer \Rhe*om"e*ter\, n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + -meter.]
[Written also {reometer}.]
1. (Physics) An instrument for measuring currents, especially
the force or intensity of electrical currents; a
galvanometer.
2. (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the
blood current in the arteries.
Rheometric \Rhe`o*met"ric\, a.
Of or pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry. --Lardner.
Rheometry \Rhe*om"e*try\, n.
1. The measurement of the force or intensity of currents.
2. (Math.) The calculus; fluxions. [R.]
Rheomotor \Rhe"o*mo`tor\, n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + E. motor.]
(Elec.)
Any apparatus by which an electrical current is originated.
[R.]
Rheophore \Rhe"o*phore\, n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + ??? to carry.]
(Elec.)
(a) A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic apparatus,
traversed by a current.
(b) One of the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode.
Rheoscope \Rhe"o*scope\, n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + -scope.]
(Physics)
An instrument for detecting the presence or movement of
currents, as of electricity.
Rheostat \Rhe"o*stat\, n. [Gr. "rei^n + stato`s standing still.]
(Elec.)
A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of
electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation
of resistance which can be varied at will. --Wheatstone.
--{Rhe`o*stat"ic}, a.
Rheotome \Rhe"o*tome\ (-t[=o]m), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow +
te`mnein to cut.] (Elec.)
An instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an
electric current. --Wheatstone.
Rheotrope \Rhe"o*trope\, n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + ??? to turn.]
(Elec.)
An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric
current. [Written also {reotrope}.]
Rhesus \Rhe"sus\, n. [L. Rhesus, a proper name, Gr. ???.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A monkey; the bhunder.
Rhetian \Rhe"ti*an\, a. [L. Rhaetius, Raetius: cf. F.
rh['e]tien.]
Pertaining to the ancient Rh[ae]ti, or Rh[ae]tians, or to
Rh[ae]tia, their country; as, the Rhetian Alps, now the
country of Tyrol and the Grisons.
Rhetic \Rhe"tic\, a. (Min.)
Same as {Rh[ae]tic}.
Rhetizite \Rhe"ti*zite\, n. (Min.)
Same as {Rh[ae]tizite}.
Rhetor \Rhe"tor\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???.]
A rhetorician. [Obs.] --Hammond.
Rhetoric \Rhet"o*ric\, n. [F. rh['e]torique, L. rhetorica, Gr.
???? (sc. ???), fr. ??? rhetorical, oratorical, fr. ???
orator, rhetorician; perhaps akin to E. word; cf. ??? to
say.]
1. The art of composition; especially, elegant composition in
prose.
2. Oratory; the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and
force. --Locke.
3. Hence, artificial eloquence; fine language or declamation
without conviction or earnest feeling.
4. Fig. : The power of persuasion or attraction; that which
allures or charms.
Sweet, silent rhetoric of persuading eyes. --Daniel.
Rhetorical \Rhe*tor"ic*al\, a. [L. rhetoricus, Gr. ????. See
{Rhetoric}.]
Of or pertaining to rhetoric; according to, or exhibiting,
rhetoric; oratorical; as, the rhetorical art; a rhetorical
treatise; a rhetorical flourish.
They permit him to leave their poetical taste
ungratified, provided that he gratifies their
rhetorical sense. --M. Arnold.
-- {Rhe*tor"ic*al*ly}, adv. -- {Rhe*tor"ic*al*ness}, n.
Rhetoricate \Rhe*tor"i*cate\, v. i. [L. rhetoricari. See
{Rhetoric}.]
To play the orator. [Obs.] --South.
Rhetorication \Rhe*tor`i*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. rh['e]torication.]
Rhetorical amplification. [Obs.] --Waterland.
Rhetorician \Rhet`o*ri"cian\, n. [Cf. F. rh['e]toricien.]
1. One well versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric.
The understanding is that by which a man becomes a
mere logician and a mere rhetorician. --F. W.
Robertson.
2. A teacher of rhetoric.
The ancient sophists and rhetoricians, which ever
had young auditors, lived till they were an hundred
years old. --Bacon.
3. An orator; specifically, an artificial orator without
genuine eloquence; a declaimer. --Macaulay.
Rhetorician \Rhet`o*ri"cian\, a.
Suitable to a master of rhetoric. ``With rhetorician pride.''
--Blackmore.
Rhetorize \Rhet"o*rize\ (r[e^]t"[-o]*r[imac]z), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. {Rhetorized} (-r[imac]zd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Rhetorizing}
(-r[imac]`z[i^]ng).]
To play the orator. --Colgrave.
Rhetorize \Rhet"o*rize\, v. t.
To represent by a figure of rhetoric, or by personification.
--Milton.
Rheum \Rhe"um\ (r[=e]"[u^]m), n. [NL., from L. Rha the river
Volga, on the banks of which it grows. See {Rhubarb}.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants. See {Rhubarb}.
Rheum \Rheum\ (r[udd]m), n. [OF. reume, rheume, F. rhume a
cold,, L. rheuma rheum, from Gr. ???, fr. "rei^n to flow,
akin to E. stream. See {Stream}, n., and cf. {Hemorrhoids}.]
(Med.)
A serous or mucous discharge, especially one from the eves or
nose.
I have a rheum in mine eyes too. --Shak.
{Salt rheum}. (Med.) See {Salt rheum}, in the Vocab.
Rheumatic \Rheu*mat"ic\, a. [Gr. ??? subject to a discharge or
flux: cf. L. rheumaticus, F. rhumatique. See {Rheum},
{Rheumatism}.]
1. Derived from, or having the character of, rheum; rheumic.
[Obs.]
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to rheumatism; as, rheumatic pains
or affections; affected with rheumatism; as, a rheumatic
old man; causing rheumatism; as, a rheumatic day.
That rheumatic diseases do abound. --Shak.
Rheumatic \Rheu*mat"ic\, n.
One affected with rheumatism.
Rheumatism \Rheu"ma*tism\, n. [L. rheumatismus rheum, Gr. ????,
fr.??? to have or suffer from a flux, fr. ??? rheum: cf. F.
rheumatisme. See {2d Rheum}.] (Med.)
A general disease characterized by painful, often multiple,
local inflammations, usually affecting the joints and
muscles, but also extending sometimes to the deeper organs,
as the heart.
{Inflammatory rheumatism} (Med.), acute rheumatism attended
with fever, and attacking usually the larger joints, which
become swollen, hot, and very painful.
{Rheumatism root}. (Bot.) See {Twinleaf}.
Rheumatismal \Rheu`ma*tis"mal\, a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to rheumatism.
Rheumatismoid \Rheu`ma*tis"moid\, a. [Rheumatism + -oid.] (Med.)
Of or resembling rheum or rheumatism.
Rheumic \Rheum"ic\, a. (Med.)
Pertaining to, or characterized by, rheum.
{Rheumic diathesis}. See {Dartrous diathesis}, under
{Dartrous}.
Rheumides \Rheu"mi*des\, n.pl. [NL. See {Rheum}.] (Med.)
The class of skin disease developed by the dartrous
diathesis. See under {Dartrous}.
Rheumy \Rheum"y\, a.
Of or pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, rheum;
affected with rheum.
His head and rheumy eyes distill in showers. --Dryden.
And tempt the rheumy and unpurged air To add unto his
sickness. --Shak.
Rhigolene \Rhig"o*lene\, n. [Gr. ??? cold + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.)
A mixture of volatile hydrocarbons intermediate between
gsolene and cymogene. It is obtained in the purification of
crude petroleum, and is used as a refregerant.
Rhime \Rhime\, n.
See {Rhyme}. [Obs.]
Rhinal \Rhi"nal\, a. [Gr???, ???, the nose.] (Anat.)
Og or pertaining to the nose or olfactory organs.
Rhinaster \Rhi*nas"ter\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ???, ???, nose + ???
star.] (Zo["o]l.)
The borele.
Rhine \Rhine\, n. [AS. ryne. See {Run}.]
A water course; a ditch. [Written also {rean}.] [Prov. Eng.]
--Macaulay.
Rhinencephalic \Rhi`nen*ce*phal"ic\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the rhinencephalon.
Rhinencephalon \Rhi`nen*ceph"a*lon\, n.; pl. {Rhinencephala}.
[NL., fr. Gr. ???, ???, the nose + ?? the brain.] (Anat.)
The division of the brain in front of the prosencephalon,
consisting of the two olfactory lobes from which the
olfactory nerves arise.
Note: The term is sometimes used for one of the olfactory
lobes, the plural being used for the two taken
together.
Rhinestone \Rhine"stone`\, n. [Cf. G. rheinkiesel Rhine quartz.]
A colorless stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much
used as an inexpensive ornament.
Rhinitis \Rhi*ni"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??. ???, the nose +
-itis.] (Med.)
Infllammation of the nose; esp., inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the nostrils.
Rhino \Rhi*no\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
Gold and silver, or money. [Cant] --W. Wagstaffe.
As long as the rhino lasted. --Marryat.
Rhino- \Rhi"no-\
A combining form from Greek ??, ???, the nose, as in
rhinolith, rhinology.
Rhinocerial \Rhi`no*ce"ri*al\, Rhinocerical \Rhi`no*cer"ic*al\,
a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros; resembling the
rhinoceros, or his horn. --Tatler.
Rhinoceros \Rhi*noc"e*ros\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???, ???; ???. ???,
the nose + ??? a horn: cf. F. rhinoc['e]ros. See {Horn}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any pachyderm belonging to the genera {Rhinoceros},
{Atelodus}, and several allied genera of the family
{Rhinocerotid[ae]}, of which several living, and many
extinct, species are known. They are large and powerful, and
usually have either one or two stout conical median horns on
the snout.
Note: The Indian, or white, and the Javan rhinoceroses
({Rhinoceros Indicus} and {R. Sondaicus}) have incisor
and canine teeth, but only one horn, and the very thick
skin forms shieldlike folds. The two or three African
species belong to {Atelodus}, and have two horns, but
lack the dermal folds, and the incisor and canine
teeth. The two Malay, or East Indian, two-horned
species belong to {Ceratohinus}, in which incisor and
canine teeth are present. See {Borele}, and {Keitloa}.
{Rhinoceros auk} (Zo["o]l.), an auk of the North Pacific
({Cerorhina monocrata}) which has a deciduous horn on top
of the bill.
{Rhinoceros beetle} (Zo["o]l.), a very large beetle of the
genus {Dynastes}, having a horn on the head.
{Rhinoceros bird}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A large hornbill ({Buceros rhinoceros}), native of the
East Indies. It has a large hollow hornlike process on
the bill. Called also {rhinoceros hornbill}. See
{Hornbill}.
(b) An African beefeater ({Buphaga Africana}). It alights on
the back of the rhinoceros in search of parasitic
insects.
Rhinocerote \Rhi*noc"e*rote\, n.
A rhinoceros. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Rhinocerotic \Rhi*noc`e*rot"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros. [R.]
Rhinolite \Rhi"no*lite\, Rhinolith \Rhi"no*lith\, n. [Rhino- +
-lite, -lith.] (Med.)
A concretion formed within the cavities of the nose.
Rhinological \Rhi`no*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to rhinology.
Rhinologist \Rhi*nol"o*gist\, n.
One skilled in rhinology.
Rhinology \Rhi*nol"o*gy\, n. [Rhino- + -logy.]
The science which treats of the nose, and its diseases.
Rhinolophid \Rhi*nol"o*phid\, n. [Rhino- + Gr. ??? crest.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any species of the genus {Rhinilophus}, or family
{Rhinolophid[ae]}, having a horseshoe-shaped nasal crest; a
horseshoe bat.
Rhinolophine \Rhi*nol"o*phine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to the rhinolophids, or horseshoe bats.
Rhinophore \Rhi"no*phore\, n. [Rhino- + Gr. ??? to bear.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the two tentacle-like organs on the back of the head
or neck of a nudibranch or tectibranch mollusk. They are
usually retractile, and often transversely furrowed or
plicate, and are regarded as olfactory organs. Called also
{dorsal tentacles}. See Illust. under {Pygobranchia}, and
{Opisthobranchia}.
Rhinoplastic \Rhi`no*plas"tic\, a. [Rhino- + -plastic: cf. F.
rhinoplastique.] (Surg.)
Of or pertaining to rhinoplasty; as, a rhinoplastic
operation.
Rhinoplasty \Rhi"no*plas`ty\, n. [Rhino- + -plasty: cf. F.
rhinoplastie.]
Plastic surgery of the nose to correct deformity or to
replace lost tissue. Tissue may be transplanted from the
patient's cheek, forehead, arm, etc., or even from another
person.
Rhinopome \Rhi"no*pome\, n. [Rhino- + Gr. pw^ma a lid. ]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any old-world bat of the genus {Rhinopoma}. The rhinopomes
have a long tail extending beyond the web, and inhabit caves
and tombs.
Rhinoscleroma \Rhi`no*scle*ro"ma\, n. [Rhino- + scleroma.]
(Med.)
A rare disease of the skin, characterized by the development
of very hard, more or less flattened, prominences, appearing
first upon the nose and subsequently upon the neighboring
parts, esp. the lips, palate, and throat. --J. V. Shoemaker.
Rhinoscope \Rhi"no*scope\, n. [Rhino- + -scope.]
A small mirror for use in rhinoscopy.
Rhinoscopic \Rhi`no*scop"ic\, a. (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to rhinoscopy.
Rhinoscopy \Rhi*nos"co*py\, n. [Rhino- + -scopy.] (Physiol.)
The examination or study of the soft palate, posterior nares,
etc., by means of a laryngoscopic mirror introduced into the
pharynx.
Rhinotheca \Rhi`no*the"ca\, n.; pl. {Rhinothec[ae]}. [NL., from
gr. ???, ???, the nose + ??? case.] (Zo["o]l.)
The sheath of the upper mandible of a bird.
Rhipidoglossa \Rhi*pi`do*glos"sa\, n.pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? a fan
+ ???? a tongue.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of gastropod mollusks having a large number of
long, divergent, hooklike, lingual teeth in each transverse
row. It includes the scutibranchs. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Rhipipter \Rhi*pip"ter\, n. [Gr. ??? a fan + ??? wing.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the {Rhipiptera}, a group of insects having wings
which fold like a fan; a strepsipter.
Rhipipteran \Rhi*pip"ter*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Rhipipter}.
Rhizanthous \Rhi*zan"thous\, a. [Gr. ??? root + ??? flower.]
(Bot.)
Producing flowers from a rootstock, or apparently from a
root.
Rhizine \Rhi"zine\, n. [Gr. ??? root.] (Bot.)
A rootlike filament or hair growing from the stems of mosses
or on lichens; a rhizoid.
Rhizocarpous \Rhi`zo*car"pous\, a. [Gr. ??? root + ??? fruit.]
(Bot.)
Having perennial rootstocks or bulbs, but annual flowering
stems; -- said of all perennial herbs.
Rhizocephala \Rhi`zo*ceph"a*la\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? root +
??? head.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Pectostraca including saclike parasites of
Crustacea. They adhere by rootlike extensions of the head.
See Illusration in Appendix.
Rhizodont \Rhiz"o*dont\, n. [Gr. ??? root + ???, ???, a tooth.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A reptile whose teeth are rooted in sockets, as the
crocodile.
Rhizogan \Rhiz"o*gan\, a. [Gr. ??? root + -gen: cf. F.
rhizog[`e]ne.] (Bot.)
Prodicing roots.
Rhizogen \Rhiz"o*gen\, n. (Bot.)
One of a proposed class of flowering plants growning on the
roots of other plants and destitute of green foliage.
Rhizoid \Rhi"zoid\, n. [Gr. ??? root + -oid.] (Bot.)
A rootlike appendage.
Rhizoma \Rhi*zo"ma\, n.; pl. {Rhizomata}. [NL.] (Bot.)
SAme as {Rhizome}.
Rhizomatous \Rhi*zo"ma*tous\, a. (Bot.)
Having the nature or habit of a rhizome or rootstock.
Rhizome \Rhi*zome"\, n. [Gr. ??? the mass of roots (of a tree),
a stem, race, fr. ??? to make to root, pass., to take root,
fr. ??? a root: cf. F. rhizome.] (Bot.)
A rootstock. See {Rootstock}.
Rhizophaga \Rhi*zoph"a*ga\, n.pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of marsupials. The wombat is the type.
Rhizophagous \Rhi*zoph"a*gous\, a. [Gr. ???; ??? a root + ??? to
eat.]
Feeding on roots; root-eating.
Rhizophora \Rhi*zoph"o*ra\, n. [NL. See {Rhizophorous}.] (Bot.)
A genus of trees including the mangrove. See {Mangrove}.
Rhizophorous \Rhi*zoph"o*rous\, a. [Gr. ??? a root + ???? to
bear.] (Bot.)
Bearing roots.
Rhizopod \Rhiz"o*pod\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Rhizopoda.
Note: The rhizopods belonging to the Radiolaria and
Foraminifera have been of great geological importance,
especially in the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods.
Chalk is mostly made from the shells of Foraminifera.
The nummulites are the principal ingredient of a
limestone which is of great extent in Europe and Asia,
and is the material of which some of the pyramids of
Egypt are made. The shells are abundant in deepsea mud,
and are mostly minute, seldom larger than a small grain
of sand, except in the case of the nummulities, which
are sometimes an inch in diameter.
Rhizopoda \Rhi*zop"o*da\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? a root +
-poda.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extensive class of Protozoa, including those which have
pseudopodia, by means of which they move about and take their
food. The principal groups are Lobosa (or Am[oe]bea),
Helizoa, Radiolaria, and Foraminifera (or Reticularia). See
{Protozoa}.
Rhizopodous \Rhi*zop"o*dous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the rhizopods.
Rhizostomata \Rhi`zo*stom"a*ta\, n.pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? a root
+ ???, ????, a mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of Medus[ae] which includes very large species
without marginal tentacles, but having large mouth lobes
closely united at the edges. See Illust. in Appendix.
Rhizostome \Rhiz"o*stome\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Rhizostomata.
Rhizotaxis \Rhi`zo*tax"is\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? a root + ???
arrangement.] (Bot.)
The arrangement of the roots of plants.
Rhob \Rhob\, n.
See 1st Rob.
Rhodammonium \Rho`dam*mo"ni*um\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, rhodium and
ammonia; -- said of certain complex compounds.
Rhodanate \Rho"da*nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of rhodanic acid; a sulphocyanate. [Obsoles.]
Rhodanic \Rho*dan"ic\, a. [Gr. ??? the rose.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called
sulphocyanic acid) which frms a red color with ferric salts.
[Obsoles.]
Rhodeoretin \Rho`de*o*re"tin\, n. [Gr. ??? the rose + ???
resin.] (Chem.)
Same as {Convolvuln}.
Rhodian \Rho"di*an\, a. [L. Rhodius: cf. F. rhodien.]
Of or pertaining to Rhodes, an island of the Mediterranean.
-- n. A native or inhabitant of Rhodes.
Rhodic \Rho"dic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to rhodium; containing rhodium.
Rhodium \Rho"di*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ro`don the rose. So
called from the rose-red color of certain of its solutions.
See {Rhododendron}.] (Chem.)
A rare element of the light platinum group. It is found in
platinum ores, and obtained free as a white inert metal which
it is very difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic weight 104.1.
Specific gravity 12.
Rhodizonic \Rho`di*zon"ic\, a. [Gr. ??? to be rose-red.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline
substance (called rhodizonic acid, and carboxylic acid)
obtained from potassium carboxide and from certain quinones.
It forms brilliant red, yellow, and purple salts.
Rhodochrosite \Rho`do*chro"site\, n. [Gr. "ro`don the rose + ???
a coloring.] (Min.)
Manganese carbonate, a rose-red mineral sometimes occuring
crystallized, but generally massive with rhombohedral
cleavage like calcite; -- called also {dialogite}.
Rhodocrinite \Rho*doc"ri*nite\, n. [Gr. "ro`don rose + ???
lily.] (Paleon.)
A rose encrinite.
Rhododendron \Rho`do*den"dron\, n. [L., fr. Gr. "rodo`dendron,
literally, rose tree; "ro`don rose + de`ndron tree. See
{Rose}.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs or small trees, often having handsome
evergreen leaves, and remarkable for the beauty of their
flowers; rosebay.
Rhodomontade \Rhod`o*mon*tade"\, n.
See {Rodomontade}.
Rhodomontader \Rhod`o*mon*tad"er\, n.
See {Rodomontador}.
Rhodonite \Rho"don*ite\, n. [Gr. "ro`don the rose. ] (Min.)
Manganese spar, or silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring
crystallised and in rose-red masses. It is often used as an
ornamental stone.
Rhodophane \Rho"do*phane\, n. [Gr. "ro`don the rose + ??? to
show.] (Physiol.)
The red pigment contained in the inner segments of the cones
of the retina in animals. See {Chromophane}. --W. K["U]hne.
Rhodopsin \Rho*dop"sin\, n. [Gr. "ro`don rose + "w`ps eye.]
(Physiol.)
The visual purple. See under {Visual}.
Rhodosperm \Rho"do*sperm\, n. [Gr. "ro`don the rose + spe`rma a
seed.] (Bot.)
Any seaweed with red spores.
Note: As the name of a subclass, Rhodosperms, or
{Rhodosperme[ae]}, is synonymous with {Floride[ae]}
(which see.)
Rhomb \Rhomb\, n. [L. rhombus, Gr. ??? rhomb, a spinning top,
magic wheel, fr. ??? to turn or whirl round, perhaps akin to
E. wrench: cf. F. rhombe. Cf. {Rhombus}, {Rhumb}.]
1. (Geom.) An equilateral parallelogram, or quadrilateral
figure whose sides are equal and the opposite sides
parallel. The angles may be unequal, two being obtuse and
two acute, as in the cut, or the angles may be equal, in
which case it is usually called a square.
2. (Geom.) A rhombohedron.
{Fresnel's rhomb} (Opt.), a rhomb or oblique parallelopiped
of crown or St. Gobain glass so cut that a ray of light
entering one of its faces at right angles shall emerge at
right angles at the opposite face, after undergoing within
the rhomb, at other faces, two reflections. It is used to
produce a ray circularly polarized from a plane-polarized
ray, or the reverse. --Nichol.
Rhombic \Rhom"bic\, a.
1. Shaped like a rhomb.
2. (Crystallog.) Same as {Orthorhombic}.
Rhomboganoid \Rhom`bo*ga"noid\, n. [Rhomb + ganoid.] (Zo["o]l.)
A ganoid fish having rhombic enameled scales; one of the
Rhomboganoidei.
Rhomboganoidei \Rhom`bo*ga*noi"de*i\, n.pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Ginglymodi}.
Rhombogene \Rhom"bo*gene\, n. [Rhomb + root of Gr. ??? to be
born.] (Zo["o]l.)
A dicyemid which produces infusorialike embryos; -- opposed
to nematogene. See {Dicyemata}. [Written also {rhombogen}.]
Rhombohedral \Rhom`bo*he"dral\, a. (Geom. & Crystallog.)
Related to the rhombohedron; presenting the form of a
rhombohedron, or a form derivable from a rhombohedron;
relating to a system of forms including the rhombohedron and
scalenohedron.
{Rhombohedral iron ore} (Min.) See {Hematite}.
{Rhombohedral system} (Crystallog.), a division of the
hexagonal system embracing the rhombohedron,
scalenohedron, etc.
Rhombohedric \Rhom`bo*hed"ric\, a. (Geom. & Crystallog.)
Rhombohedral.
Rhombohedron \Rhom`bo*he"dron\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? rhomb + ???
seat, base.] (Geom. & Crystallog.)
A solid contained by six rhomboids; a parallelopiped.
Rhomboid \Rhom"boid\ (r[o^]m"boid), n. [Gr. ??? rhomboidal; ???
rhomb + e'i^dos shape: cf. F. rhombo["i]de.] (Geom.)
An oblique-angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only
the opposite sides equal, the length and with being
different.
Rhomboid \Rhom"boid\ (r[o^]m"boid), a.
Same as {Rhomboidal}.
Rhomboidal \Rhom*boid"al\, a. [Cf. F. rhombo["i]dal.]
Having, or approaching, the shape of a rhomboid.
Rhomboides \Rhom*boid"es\, n.
A rhomboid. [R.] --Milton.
Rhomboid-ovate \Rhom`boid-o"vate\, a.
Between rhomboid and ovate, or oval, in shape.
Rhomb spar \Rhomb" spar`\ (Min.)
A variety of dolomite.
Rhombus \Rhom"bus\, n. [L.]
Same as {Rhomb}, 1.
Rhonchal \Rhon`chal\, a. (Med.)
Rhonchial.
Rhonchial \Rhon"chi*al\, a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced by rhonchi.
{Rhonchial fremitus}. [L. fremitus a dull roaring or
murmuring.] (Med.) A vibration of the chest wall that may
be felt by the hand laid upon its surface. It is caused in
the production of rhonchi in the bronchial tubes.
Rhonchisonant \Rhon*chis"o*nant\, a. [L. rhonchus a snoring +
sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.]
Making a snorting noise; snorting. [R.]
Rhonchus \Rhon"chus\, n.; pl. {Rhonchi}. [L., a snoring, a
croaking.] (Med.)
An adventitious whistling or snoring sound heard on
auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partially
obstructed. By some writers the term rhonchus is used as
equivalent to r[^a]le in its widest sense. See {R[^a]le}.
Rhopalic \Rho*pal"ic\, a. [Gr. ???? club-shaped; fr. ??? a club:
cf. F. rhopalique.] (Pros.)
Applied to a line or verse in which each successive word has
one more syllable than the preceding.
Rhopalium \Rho*pa"li*um\, n.; pl. {Rhopalia}. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the marginal sensory bodies of medus[ae] belonging to
the Discophora.
Rhopalocera \Rhop`a*loc"e*ra\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ??? a club
+ ??? ahorn.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Lepidoptera including all the butterflies. They
differ from other Lepidoptera in having club-shaped
antenn[ae].
Rhotacism \Rho"ta*cism\, n. [Gr. "rwtaki`zein to use the letter
r ([rho]) overmuch: cf. F. rhotacisme.]
An oversounding, or a misuse, of the letter r; specifically
(Phylol.), the tendency, exhibited in the Indo-European
languages, to change s to r, as wese to were.
Rhubarb \Rhu"barb\, n. [F. rhubarbe, OF. rubarbe, rheubarbe,
reubarbare, reobarbe, LL. rheubarbarum for rheum barbarum,
Gr. ??? (and ??) rhubarb, from the river Rha (the Volga) on
whose banks it grew. Originally, therefore, it was the
barbarian plant from the Rha. Cf. {Barbarous},
{Rhaponticine}.]
1. (Bot.) The name of several large perennial herbs of the
genus {Rheum} and order {Polygonace[ae]}.
2. The large and fleshy leafstalks of {Rheum Rhaponticum} and
other species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid,
and are used in cookery. Called also {pieplant}.
3. (Med.) The root of several species of {Rheum}, used much
as a cathartic medicine.
{Monk's rhubarb}. (Bot.) See under {Monk}.
{Turkey rhubarb} (Med.), the roots of {Rheum Emodi}.
Rhubarby \Rhu"barb*y\, a.
Like rhubarb.
Rhumb \Rhumb\, n. [F. rumb, Sp. rumbo, or Pg. rumbo, rumo,
probably fr. Gr. ??? a magic wheel, a whirling motion, hence
applied to a point of the compass. See {Rhomb}.] (Navigation)
A line which crosses successive meridians at a constant
angle; -- called also {rhumb line}, and {loxodromic curve}.
See {Loxodromic}.
{To sail on a rhumb}, to sail continuously on one course,
following a rhumb line.
Rhus \Rhus\, n. [L., sumac, fr. Gr. ???.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs and small treets. See {Sumac}.
Rhusma \Rhus"ma\, n. [See {Rusma}.]
A mixtire of caustic lime and orpiment, or tersulphide of
arsenic, -- used in the depilation of hides. --Knight.
Rhyme \Rhyme\, n. [OE. ryme, rime, AS. r[=i]m number; akin to
OHG. r[=i]m number, succession, series, G. reim rhyme. The
modern sense is due to the influence of F. rime, which is of
German origin, and originally the same word.] [The Old
English spelling {rime} is becoming again common. See Note
under {Prime}.]
1. An expression of thought in numbers, measure, or verse; a
composition in verse; a rhymed tale; poetry; harmony of
language. ``Railing rhymes.'' --Daniel.
A ryme I learned long ago. --Chaucer.
He knew Himself to sing, and build the lofty rime.
--Milton.
2. (Pros.) Correspondence of sound in the terminating words
or syllables of two or more verses, one succeeding another
immediately or at no great distance. The words or
syllables so used must not begin with the same consonant,
or if one begins with a vowel the other must begin with a
consonant. The vowel sounds and accents must be the same,
as also the sounds of the final consonants if there be
any.
For rhyme with reason may dispense, And sound has
right to govern sense. --Prior.
3. Verses, usually two, having this correspondence with each
other; a couplet; a poem containing rhymes.
4. A word answering in sound to another word.
{Female rhyme}. See under {Female}.
{Male rhyme}. See under {Male}.
{Rhyme or reason}, sound or sense.
{Rhyme royal} (Pros.), a stanza of seven decasyllabic verses,
of which the first and third, the second, fourth, and
fifth, and the sixth and seventh rhyme.
Rhyme \Rhyme\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rhymed};p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rhyming}.] [OE. rimen, rymen, AS. r[=i]man to count: cf. F.
rimer to rhyme. See {Rhyme}, n.]
1. To make rhymes, or verses. ``Thou shalt no longer ryme.''
--Chaucer.
There marched the bard and blockhead, side by side,
Who rhymed for hire, and patronized for pride.
--Pope.
2. To accord in rhyme or sound.
And, if they rhymed and rattled, all was well.
--Dryden.
Rhyme \Rhyme\, v. t.
1. To put into rhyme. --Sir T. Wilson.
2. To influence by rhyme.
Hearken to a verser, who may chance Rhyme thee to
good. --Herbert.
Rhymeless \Rhyme"less\, a.
Destitute of rhyme. --Bp. Hall.
Rhymer \Rhym"er\, n.
One who makes rhymes; a versifier; -- generally in contempt;
a poor poet; a poetaster.
This would make them soon perceive what despicaple
creatures our common rhymers and playwriters be.
--Milton.
Rhymery \Rhym"er*y\, n.
The art or habit of making rhymes; rhyming; -- in contempt.
Rhymester \Rhyme"ster\, n.
A rhymer; a maker of poor poetry. --Bp. Hall. Byron.
Rhymic \Rhym"ic\, a.
Pertaining to rhyme.
Rhymist \Rhym"ist\, n.
A rhymer; a rhymester. --Johnston.
Rhynchobdellea \Rhyn`chob*del"le*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
"ry`gchos snout + ??? a leech.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of leeches including those that have a protractile
proboscis, without jaws. Clepsine is the type.
Rhynchocephala \Rhyn`cho*ceph"a*la\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
"ry`gchos snout + kefalh` head.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of reptiles having biconcave vertebr[ae], immovable
quadrate bones, and many other peculiar osteological
characters. Hatteria is the only living genus, but numerous
fossil genera are known, some of which are among the earliest
of reptiles. See {Hatteria}. Called also {Rhynchocephalia}.
Rhynchocoela \Rhyn`cho*c[oe]"la\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos
snout + koi`los hollow.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Nemertina}. -- {Rhyn`cho*c[oe]"lous}, a.
Rhyncholite \Rhyn"cho*lite\, n. [Gr. "ry`gchos snout, beak +
-lie: cf. F. rhyncholithe.] (Paleon.)
A fossil cephalopod beak.
Rhynchonella \Rhyn`cho*nel"la\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos
snout.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of brachiopods of which some species are still
living, while many are found fossil.
Rhynchophora \Rhyn*choph"o*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos
snout + fe`rein to carry.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of Coleoptera having a snoutlike head; the snout
beetles, curculios, or weevils.
Rhynchophore \Rhyn"cho*phore\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Rhynchophora.
Rhynchota \Rhyn*cho"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Hemiptera}. [Written also {Rhyncota}.]
Rhyolite \Rhy"o*lite\, n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + -lite.] (Min.)
A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a fluidal
structure. -- {Rhy`o*lit"ic},, a.
Rhyparography \Rhy`pa*rog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ???? painting foul or
mean objects; "ryparo`s filthy, dirty + gra`fein to write,
paint.]
In ancient art, the painting of genre or still-life pictures.
Rhysimeter \Rhy*sim"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ??? flow + -meter.]
An instrument, acting on the principle of Pitot's tube, for
measuring the velocity of a fluid current, the speed of a
ship, etc.
Rhythm \Rhythm\, n. [F. rhythme, rythme, L. rhythmus, fr. Gr.
??? measured motion, measure, proportion, fr. "rei^n to flow.
See {Stream}.]
1. In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a
regular succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents,
etc., producing an agreeable effect, as in music poetry,
the dance, or the like.
2. (Mus.) Movement in musical time, with periodical
recurrence of accent; the measured beat or pulse which
marks the character and expression of the music; symmetry
of movement and accent. --Moore (Encyc.)
3. A division of lines into short portions by a regular
succession of arses and theses, or percussions and
remissions of voice on words or syllables.
4. The harmonious flow of vocal sounds.
Rhythmer \Rhyth"mer\ (r[i^]th"m[~e]r or r[i^][th]"-), n.
One who writes in rhythm, esp. in poetic rhythm or meter.
[R.]
One now scarce counted a rhythmer, formerly admitted
for a poet. --Fuller.
Rhythmic \Rhyth"mic\ (-m[i^]k), Rhythmical \Rhyth"mic*al\
(-m[i^]*kal), a. [Gr. ????: cf. L. rhythmicus, F.
rhythmique.]
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm
Day and night I worked my rhythmic thought. --Mrs.
Browning.
{Rhythmical accent}. (Mus.) See {Accent}, n., 6
(c) .
Rhythmically \Rhyth"mic*al*ly\, adv.
In a rhythmical manner.
Rhythmics \Rhyth"mics\, n.
The department of musical science which treats of the length
of sounds.
Rhythming \Rhyth"ming\, a.
Writing rhythm; verse making. ``The rhythming monk.''
--Fuller.
Rhythmless \Rhythm"less\, a.
Being without rhythm. --Coleridge.
Rhythmometer \Rhyth*mom"e*ter\, n. [Rhythm + -meter.]
An instrument for marking time in musical movements. See
{Metronome}.
Rhythmus \Rhyth"mus\, n. [L.]
Rhythm.
Rhytina \Rhyt"i*na\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Rytina}.
Rial \Ri"al\, n.
A Spanish coin. See {Real}. [Obs.]
Rial \Ri*al"\, a.
Royal. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rial \Ri"al\, n. [From {Royal}.]
A gold coin formerly current in England, of the value of ten
shillings sterling in the reign of Henry VI., and of fifteen
shillings in the reign of Elizabeth. [Spelt also {ryal}.]
--Brande & C.
Riant \Ri`ant"\, a. [F. riant, p. pr. of rire to laugh, L.
ridere.]
Laughing; laughable; exciting gayety; gay; merry; delightful
to the view, as a landscape.
In such cases the sublimity must be drawn from the
other sources, with a strict caution, howewer, against
anything light and riant. --Burke.
Rib \Rib\, n. [AS. rib, ribb; akin to D. rib, G. rippe, OHG.
rippa, rippi, Dan. ribbe, Icel. rif, Russ. rebro.]
1. (Anat.) One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral
column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax.
Note: In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which the
upper seven are directly connected with the sternum by
cartilages, and are called sternal, or true, ribs. The
remaining five pairs are called asternal, or false,
ribs, and of these each of the three upper pairs is
attached to the cartilage of the rib above, while the
two lower pairs are free at the ventral ends, and are
called floating ribs. See {Thorax}.
2. That which resembles a rib in form or use. Specifically:
(a) (Shipbuilding) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or
steel, that branch outward and upward from the keel,
to support the skin or planking, and give shape and
strength to the vessel.
(b) (Mach. & Structures) A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a
plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen
it.
(c) One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is
extended.
(d) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth.
(e) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a
double-barreled gun.
3. (Bot.) The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a
leaf.
(b) Any longitudinal ridge in a plant.
4. (Arch.)
(a) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the
vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing
one another, dividing the whole space into triangles,
which are then filled by vaulted construction of
lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these
in wood, plaster, or the like.
(b) A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with
others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or
the like.
5. (Mining)
(a) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a
vein.
(b) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support.
--Raymond.
6. A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib.
[Familiar & Sportive]
How many have we known whose heads have been broken
with their own rib. --Bp. Hall.
{Chuck rib}, a cut of beef immediately in front of the middle
rib. See {Chuck}.
{Fore ribs}, a cut of beef immediately in front of the
sirloin.
{Middle rib}, a cut of beef between the chuck rib and the
fore ribs.
{Rib grass}. (Bot.) Same as {Ribwort}.
Rib \Rib\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ribbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ribbing}.]
1. To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and
channels; as, to rib cloth.
2. To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in.
It [lead] were too gross To rib her cerecloth in the
obscure grave. --Shak.
{To rib land}, to leave strips of undisturbed ground between
the furrows in plowing.
Ribald \Rib"ald\, n./ [OE. ribald, ribaud, F. ribaud, OF.
ribald, ribault, LL. ribaldus, of German origin; cf. OHG
hr[=i]pa prostitute. For the ending -ald cf. E. {Herald}.]
A low, vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd fellow.
--Spenser. Pope.
Ribald was almost a class name in the feudal system . .
. He was his patron's parasite, bulldog, and tool . . .
It is not to be wondered at that the word rapidly
became a synonym for everything ruffianly and brutal.
--Earle.
Ribald \Rib"ald\, a.
Low; base; mean; filthy; obscene.
The busy day, Waked by the lark, hath roused the ribald
crows. --Shak.
Ribaldish \Rib"ald*ish\, a.
Like a ribald. --Bp. Hall.
Ribaldrous \Rib"ald*rous\, a.
Of a ribald quality. [R.]
Ribaldry \Rib"ald*ry\, n. [OE. ribaldrie, ribaudrie, OF.
ribalderie, ribauderie.]
The talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency;
obscenity; lewdness; -- now chiefly applied to indecent
language, but formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts
or conduct.
The ribaldry of his conversation moved ?stonishment
even in that age. --Macaulay.
Riban \Rib"an\, n.
See {Ribbon}. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Riband \Rib"and\, n.
See {Ribbon}.
{Riband jasper} (Min.), a variety of jasper having stripes of
different colors, as red and green.
Riband \Rib"and\, n. (Naut.)
See {Rib-band}. --Totten.
Ribanded \Rib"and*ed\, a.
Ribboned. --B. Jonson.
Ribaud \Rib"aud\, n.
A ribald. [Obs.] --P. Plowman.
Ribaudequin \Ri*bau"de*quin\, n. [F.]
1. An engine of war used in the Middle Ages, consisting of a
protected elevated staging on wheels, and armed in front
with pikes. It was (after the 14th century) furnished with
small cannon.
2. A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town for
casting javelins.
Ribaudred \Rib"aud*red\, Ribaudrous \Rib"aud*rous\, a.
Filthy; obscene; ribald. [Obs.]
Ribaudry \Rib"aud*ry\, n.
Ribaldry. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Ribaudy \Rib"aud*y\, n.
Ribaldry. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ribauld \Rib"auld\, n.
A ribald. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Ribband \Rib"band\, n.
A ribbon. --Pope.
Ribband \Rib"*band`\, n. [Rib + band.] [Written also riband, and
ribbon.] (Shipbuilding)
A long, narrow strip of timber bent and bolted longitudinally
to the ribs of a vessel, to hold them in position, and give
rigidity to the framework.
{Rib-band lines}, oblique longitudinal sections of the hull
of a vessel. --Knight.
Ribbed \Ribbed\, a.
1. Furnished or formed with ribs; as, a ribbed cylinder;
ribbed cloth.
2. (Mining) Intercalated with slate; -- said of a seam of
coal. --Raymond.
Ribbing \Rib"bing\, n.
An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for
the support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the
leaves of some plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the
like.
Ribbon \Rib"bon\, n. [OE. riban, OF. riban, F. ruban, probably
of German origin; cf. D. ringband collar, necklace, E. ring
circle, and band.] [Written also {riband}, {ribband}.]
1. A fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk, used
for trimming some part of a woman's attire, for badges,
and other decorative purposes.
2. A narrow strip or shred; as, a steel or magnesium ribbon;
sails torn to ribbons.
3. (Shipbuilding) Same as {Rib-band}.
4. pl. Driving reins. [Cant] --London Athen[ae]um.
5. (Her.) A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth
as wide.
6. (Spinning) A silver.
Note: The blue ribbon, and The red ribbon, are phrases often
used to designate the British orders of the Garter and
of the Bath, respectively, the badges of which are
suspended by ribbons of these colors. See {Blue
ribbon}, under {Blue}.
{Ribbon fish}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any elongated, compressed, ribbon-shaped marine fish
of the family {Trachypterid[ae]}, especially the
species of the genus {Trachypterus}, and the oarfish
({Regelecus Banksii}) of the North Atlantic, which is
sometimes over twenty feet long.
(b) The hairtail, or bladefish.
(c) A small compressed marine fish of the genus {Cepola},
having a long, slender, tapering tail. The European
species ({C. rubescens}) is light red throughout.
Called also {band fish}.
{Ribbon grass} (Bot.), a variety of reed canary grass having
the leaves stripped with green and white; -- called also
{Lady's garters}. See {Reed grass}, under {Reed}.
{Ribbon seal} (Zo["o]l.), a North Pacific seal ({Histriophoca
fasciata}). The adult male is dark brown, conspicuously
banded and striped with yellowish white.
{Ribbon snake} (Zo["o]l.), a common North American snake
({Eutainia saurita}). It is conspicuously striped with
bright yellow and dark brown.
{Ribbon Society}, a society in Ireland, founded in the early
part of the 19th century in antagonism to the Orangemen.
It afterwards became an organization of tennant farmers
banded together to prevent eviction by landlords. It took
its name from the green ribbon worn by members as a badge.
{Ribborn worm}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A tapeworm.
(b) A nemertean.
Ribbon \Rib"bon\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ribboned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Ribboning}.]
To adorn with, or as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes
resembling ribbons.
Ribbonism \Rib"bon*ism\, n.
The principles and practices of the Ribbonmen. See {Ribbon
Society}, under {Ribbon}.
Ribbonman \Rib"bon*man\, n.; pl. {-men}.
A member of the Ribbon Society. See {Ribbon Society}, under
{Ribbon}.
Ribbonwood \Rib"bon*wood`\, n. (Bot.)
A malvaceous tree ({Hoheria populnea}) of New Zealand, the
bark of which is used for cordage.
Ribes \Ri"bes\, n.[NL.; cf. Dan. ribs, and Ar. r[=i]b[=a]s a
plant with an acid juice.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs including gooseberries and currants of many
kinds.
Ribibe \Rib"ibe\, n. [See {Rebec}.]
1. A sort of stringed instrument; a rebec. [Obs.] --Nares.
2. An old woman; -- in contempt. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
3. A bawd; a prostitute. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Ribible \Rib"i*ble\, n. [See {Ribibe}.]
A small threestringed viol; a rebec. --Moore (Encyc. of
Music).
All can be play on gittern or ribible. --Chaucer.
Ribless \Rib"less\, a.
Having no ribs.
Ribroast \Rib"roast`\, v. t.
To beat soundly. [Slang]
Ribwort \Rib"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A species of plantain ({Plantago lanceolata}) with long,
narrow, ribbed leaves; -- called also {rib grass}, {ripple
grass}, {ribwort plantain}.
-ric \-ric\ [AS r[=i]ce kingdom, dominion. See {Rich}.]
A suffix signifying dominion, jurisdiction; as, bishopric,
the district over which a bishop exercises authority.
Rice \Rice\, n. [F. riz (cf. Pr. ris, It. riso), L. oryza, Gr.
???, ???, probably from the Persian; cf. OPers. br[=i]zi,
akin to Skr. vr[=i]hi; or perh. akin to E. rye. Cf. {Rye}.]
(Bot.)
A well-known cereal grass ({Oryza sativa}) and its seed. This
plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the
grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants.
In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be
overflowed.
{Ant rice}. (Bot.) See under {Ant}.
{French rice}. (Bot.) See {Amelcorn}.
{Indian rice}., a tall reedlike water grass ({Zizania
aquatica}), bearing panicles of a long, slender grain,
much used for food by North American Indians. It is common
in shallow water in the Northern States. Called also
{water oat}, {Canadian wild rice}, etc.
{Mountain rice}, any species of an American genus
({Oryzopsis}) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice.
{Rice bunting}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Ricebird}.
{Rice hen} (Zo["o]l.), the Florida gallinule.
{Rice mouse} (Zo["o]l.), a large dark-colored field mouse
({Calomys palistris}) of the Southern United States.
{Rice paper}, a kind of thin, delicate paper, brought from
China, -- used for painting upon, and for the manufacture
of fancy articles. It is made by cutting the pith of a
large herb ({Fatsia papyrifera}, related to the ginseng)
into one roll or sheet, which is flattened out under
pressure. Called also {pith paper}.
{Rice troupial} (Zo["o]l.), the bobolink.
{Rice water}, a drink for invalids made by boiling a small
quantity of rice in water.
{Rice-water discharge} (Med.), a liquid, resembling rice
water in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from
the bowels, in cholera.
{Rice weevil} (Zo["o]l.), a small beetle ({Calandra, or
Sitophilus, oryz[ae]}) which destroys rice, wheat, and
Indian corn by eating out the interior; -- called also
{black weevil}.
Ricebird \Rice"bird`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The Java sparrow.
(b) The bobolink.
Rice-shell \Rice"-shell`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of small white polished marine
shells of the genus {Olivella}.
Rich \Rich\, (r[i^]ch), a. [Compar. {Richer}; superl.
{Richest}.] [OE. riche, AS. r[=i]ce rich, powerful; akin to
OS. r[=i]ki, D. rijk, G. reich, OHG. r[=i]hhi, Icel. r[=i]kr,
Sw. rik, Dan. rig, Goth. reiks; from a word meaning, ruler,
king, probably borrowed from Celtic, and akin to L. rex,
regis, king, regere to guide, rule. [root]283. See {Right},
and cf. {Derrick}, {Enrich}, {Rajah}, {Riches}, {Royal}.]
1. Having an abundance of material possessions; possessed of
a large amount of property; well supplied with land,
goods, or money; wealthy; opulent; affluent; -- opposed to
{poor}. ``Rich merchants.'' --Chaucer.
The rich [person] hath many friends. --Prov. xiv.
20.
As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash Of some rich
burgher. --Milton.
2. Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding; abundant;
copious; bountiful; as, a rich treasury; a rich
entertainment; a rich crop.
If life be short, it shall be glorious; Each minute
shall be rich in some great action. --Rowe.
The gorgeous East with richest hand Showers on her
kings barbaric pearl and gold. --Milton.
3. Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful;
as, rich soil or land; a rich mine.
4. Composed of valuable or costly materials or ingredients;
procured at great outlay; highly valued; precious;
sumptuous; costly; as, a rich dress; rich silk or fur;
rich presents.
Like to rich and various gems. --Milton.
5. Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities; --
especially applied to articles of food or drink which are
high-seasoned or abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are
sweet, luscious, and high-flavored; as, a rich dish; rich
cream or soup; rich pastry; rich wine or fruit.
Sauces and rich spices are fetched from India.
--Baker.
6. Not faint or delicate; vivid; as, a rich color.
7. Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; as, a rich voice; rich
music.
8. Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; as, a rich landscape; rich
scenery.
9. Abounding in humor; exciting amusement; entertaining; as,
the scene was a rich one; a rich incident or character.
[Colloq.] --Thackeray.
Note: Rich is sometimes used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, rich-fleeced,
rich-jeweled, rich-laden, rich-stained.
Syn: Wealthy; affluent; opulent; ample; copious; abundant;
plentiful; fruitful; costly; sumptuous; precious;
generous; luscious.
Rich \Rich\, v. t.
To enrich. [Obs.] --Gower.
Riches \Rich"es\, n. pl. [OE. richesse, F. richesse, from riche
rich, of German origin. See {Rich},a.]
1. That which makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods,
money, or other property; wealth; opulence; affluence.
Riches do not consist in having more gold and
silver, but in having more in proportion, than our
neighbors. --Locke.
2. That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or the like.
The riche of heaven's pavement, trodden gold.
--Milton.
Note: Richesse, the older form of this word, was in the
singular number. The form riches, however, is plural in
appearance, and has now come to be used as a plural.
Against the richesses of this world shall they
have misease of poverty. --Chaucer.
In one hour so great riches is come to nought.
--Rev. xviii.
17.
And for that riches where is my deserving?
--Shak.
Syn: Wealth; opulence; affluence; wealthiness; richness;
plenty; abundance.
Richesse \Rich"esse\, n. [F. See {Riches}.]
Wealth; riches. See the Note under {Riches}. [Obs.]
Some man desireth for to have richesse. --Chaucer.
The richesse of all heavenly grace. --Spenser.
Richly \Rich"ly\, adv.
In a rich manner.
Richness \Rich"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being rich (in any sense of the
adjective).
Richweed \Rich"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
An herb ({Pilea pumila}) of the Nettle family, having a
smooth, juicy, pellucid stem; -- called also {clearweed}.
Ricinelaidic \Ric`in*e`la*id"ic\, a. [Ricinoleic + elaidic.]
Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric modification of
ricinoleic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid.
Ricinelaidin \Ric`in*e*la"i*din\, n. (Chem.)
The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic acid, obtained as a white
crystalline waxy substance by treating castor oil with
nitrous acid.
Ricinic \Ri*cin"ic\, a. [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, castor oil; formerly,
designating an acid now called {ricinoleic} acid.
Ricinine \Ric"i*nine\, n. [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.)
A bitter white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds
of the castor-oil plant.
Ricinoleate \Ric`in*o"le*ate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of ricinoleic acid; -- formerly called {palmate}.
Ricinoleic \Ric`in*o"le*ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty acid analogous to
oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily substance,
C?H?O? with a harsh taste. Formerly written ricinolic.
Ricinolein \Ric`in*o"le*in\, n. [L. ricinus castor-oil plant +
oleum oil.] (Chem.)
The glycerin salt of ricinoleic acid, occuring as a
characteristic constituent of castor oil; -- formerly called
palmin.
Ricinolic \Ric`i*nol"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Ricinoleic.
Ricinus \Ric"i*nus\, n. [L., the castor-oil plant.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of the Spurge family, containing but one
species ({R. communis}), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is
three-celled, and contains three large seeds from which
castor oil iss expressed. See {Palma Christi}.
Rick \Rick\, n. [OE. reek, rek, AS. hre['a]c a heap; akin to
hryce rick, Icel. hraukr.]
A stack or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air,
usually protected from wet with thatching.
Golden clusters of beehive ricks, rising at intervals
beyond the hedgerows. --G. Eliot.
Rick \Rick\, v. t.
To heap up in ricks, as hay, etc.
Ricker \Rick"er\, n.
A stout pole for use in making a rick, or for a spar to a
boat.
Ricketish \Rick"et*ish\, a.
Rickety. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Rickets \Rick"ets\, n. pl. [Of uncertain origin; but cf. AS.
wrigian to bend, D. wrikken to shake, E. wriggle.] (Med.)
A disease which affects children, and which is characterized
by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs, depressed ribs,
enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid abdomen, and
short stature, together with clear and often premature mental
faculties. The essential cause of the disease appears to be
the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid tissues.
Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk
unsteadily. Called also {rachitis}.
Rickety \Rick"et*y\, a.
1. Affected with rickets.
2. Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak; shaky.
Rickrack \Rick"rack`\, n.
A kind of openwork edging made of serpentine braid.
Rickstand \Rick"stand`\, n.
A flooring or framework on which a rick is made.
Ricochet \Ric`o*chet"\, n. [F.]
A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a
gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone
thrown along the surface of water.
{Ricochet firing} (Mil.), the firing of guns or howitzers,
usually with small charges, at an elevation of only a few
degrees, so as to cause the balls or shells to bound or
skip along the ground.
Ricochet \Ric`o*chet"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ricochetted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Ricochetting}.]
To operate upon by ricochet firing. See {Ricochet}, n. [R.]
Ricochet \Ric`o*chet"\, v. i.
To skip with a rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the
surface of water, or a cannon ball on the ground. See
{Ricochet}, n.
Rictal \Ric"tal\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the rictus; as, rictal bristles.
Ricture \Ric"ture\, n. [L. ringi, rictus, to open wide the
mouth, to gape.]
A gaping. [Obs.]
Rictus \Ric"tus\, n. [L., the aperture of the mouth.]
The gape of the mouth, as of birds; -- often resricted to the
corners of the mouth.
Rid \Rid\,
imp. & p. p. of {Ride}, v. i. [Archaic]
He rid to the end of the village, where he alighted.
--Thackeray.
Rid \Rid\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rid} or {Ridded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Ridding}.] [OE. ridden, redden, AS. hreddan to deliver,
liberate; akin to D. & LG. redden, G. retten, Dan. redde, Sw.
r["a]dda, and perhaps to Skr. ?rath to loosen.]
1. To save; to rescue; to deliver; -- with out of. [Obs.]
Deliver the poor and needy; rid them out of the hand
of the wicked. --Ps. lxxxii.
4.
2. To free; to clear; to disencumber; -- followed by of.
``Rid all the sea of pirates.'' --Shak.
In never ridded myself of an overmastering and
brooding sense of some great calamity traveling
toward me. --De Quincey.
3. To drive away; to remove by effort or violence; to make
away with; to destroy. [Obs.]
I will red evil beasts out of the land. --Lev. xxvi.
6.
Death's men, you have rid this sweet young prince!
--Shak.
4. To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to finish. [R.]
``Willingness rids way.'' --Shak.
Mirth will make us rid ground faster than if thieves
were at our tails. --J. Webster.
{To be rid of}, to be free or delivered from.
{To get rid of}, to get deliverance from; to free one's self
from.
Ridable \Rid"a*ble\, a.
Suitable for riding; as, a ridable horse; a ridable road.
Riddance \Rid"dance\, n.
1. The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a cleaning up
or out.
Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of
thy field. --Lev. xxiii.
22.
2. The state of being rid or free; freedom; escape.
``Riddance from all adversity.'' --Hooker.
Ridden \Rid"den\,
p. p. of {Ride.}
Ridder \Rid"der\, n.
One who, or that which, rids.
Riddle \Rid"dle\, n. [OE. ridil, AS. hridder; akin to G. reiter,
L. cribrum, and to Gr. ??? to distinguish, separate, and G.
rein clean. See {Crisis}, {Certain}.]
1. A sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for
separating coarser materials from finer, as chaff from
grain, cinders from ashes, or gravel from sand.
2. A board having a row of pins, set zigzag, between which
wire is drawn to straighten it.
Riddle \Rid"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Riddled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Riddling}.]
1. To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to
pass through a riddle; as, riddle wheat; to riddle coal or
gravel.
2. To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to make many
holes in; as, a house riddled with shot.
Riddle \Rid"dle\, n. [For riddels, s being misunderstood as the
plural ending; OE. ridels, redels. AS. r?dels; akin to D.
raadsel, G. r["a]thsel; fr. AS. r?dan to counsel or advise,
also, to guess. [root]116. Cf. {Read}.]
Something proposed to be solved by guessing or conjecture; a
puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition; an enigma;
hence, anything ambiguous or puzzling.
To wring from me, and tell to them, my secret, That
solved the riddle which I had proposed. --Milton.
'T was a strange riddle of a lady. --Hudibras.
Riddle \Rid"dle\, v. t.
To explain; to solve; to unriddle.
Riddle me this, and guess him if you can. --Dryden.
Riddle \Rid"dle\, v. i.
To speak ambiguously or enigmatically. ``Lysander riddels
very prettily.'' --Shak.
Riddler \Rid"dler\, n.
One who riddles (grain, sand, etc.).
Riddler \Rid"dler\, n.
One who speaks in, or propounds, riddles.
Riddling \Rid"dling\, a.
Speaking in a riddle or riddles; containing a riddle.
``Riddling triplets.'' --Tennyson. -- {Rid"dling}, adv.
Ride \Ride\, v. i. [imp. {Rode} (r[=o]d) ({Rid} [r[i^]d],
archaic); p. p. {Ridden}({Rid}, archaic); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Riding}.] [AS. r[=i]dan; akin to LG. riden, D. rijden, G.
reiten, OHG. r[=i]tan, Icel. r[=i][eth]a, Sw. rida, Dan.
ride; cf. L. raeda a carriage, which is from a Celtic word.
Cf. {Road}.]
1. To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse.
To-morrow, when ye riden by the way. --Chaucer.
Let your master ride on before, and do you gallop
after him. --Swift.
2. To be borne in a carriage; as, to ride in a coach, in a
car, and the like. See Synonym, below.
The richest inhabitants exhibited their wealth, not
by riding in gilden carriages, but by walking the
streets with trains of servants. --Macaulay.
3. To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to lie.
Men once walked where ships at anchor ride.
--Dryden.
4. To be supported in motion; to rest.
Strong as the exletree On which heaven rides.
--Shak.
On whose foolish honesty My practices ride easy!
--Shak.
5. To manage a horse, as an equestrian.
He rode, he fenced, he moved with graceful ease.
--Dryden.
6. To support a rider, as a horse; to move under the saddle;
as, a horse rides easy or hard, slow or fast.
{To ride easy} (Naut.), to lie at anchor without violent
pitching or straining at the cables.
{To ride hard} (Naut.), to pitch violently.
{To ride out}.
(a) To go upon a military expedition. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
(b) To ride in the open air. [Colloq.]
{To ride to hounds}, to ride behind, and near to, the hounds
in hunting.
Syn: Drive.
Usage: {Ride}, {Drive}. Ride originally meant (and is so used
throughout the English Bible) to be carried on
horseback or in a vehicle of any kind. At present in
England, drive is the word applied in most cases to
progress in a carriage; as, a drive around the park,
etc.; while ride is appropriated to progress on a
horse. Johnson seems to sanction this distinction by
giving ``to travel on horseback'' as the leading sense
of ride; though he adds ``to travel in a vehicle'' as
a secondary sense. This latter use of the word still
occurs to some extent; as, the queen rides to
Parliament in her coach of state; to ride in an
omnibus.
``Will you ride over or drive?'' said Lord
Willowby to his quest, after breakfast that
morning. --W. Black.
Ride \Ride\, v. t.
1. To sit on, so as to be carried; as, to ride a horse; to
ride a bicycle.
[They] rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the
air In whirlwind. --Milton.
2. To manage insolently at will; to domineer over.
The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by
bakers, cobblers, and brewers. --Swift.
3. To convey, as by riding; to make or do by riding.
Tue only men that safe can ride Mine errands on the
Scottish side. --Sir W.
Scott.
4. (Surg.) To overlap (each other); -- said of bones or
fractured fragments.
{To ride a hobby}, to have some favorite occupation or
subject of talk.
{To ride and tie}, to take turn with another in labor and
rest; -- from the expedient adopted by two persons with
one horse, one of whom rides the animal a certain
distance, and then ties him for the use of the other, who
is coming up on foot. --Fielding.
{To ride down}.
(a) To ride over; to trample down in riding; to overthrow
by riding against; as, to ride down an enemy.
(b) (Naut.) To bear down, as on a halyard when hoisting a
sail.
{To ride out} (Naut.), to keep safe afloat during (a storm)
while riding at anchor or when hove to on the open sea;
as, to ride out the gale.
Ride \Ride\, n.
1. The act of riding; an excursion on horseback or in a
vehicle.
2. A saddle horse. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
3. A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through grounds, to be
used as a place for riding; a riding.
Ridean \Ri*dean"\, n. [F.]
A small mound of earth; ground slightly elevated; a small
ridge.
Riden \Rid"en\, obs.
imp. pl. & p. p. of {Ride}. --Chaucer.
Rident \Ri"dent\, a. [L. ridens, p. pr. of ridere to laugh.]
Laughing. [R.] --Thackeray.
Rider \Rid"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, rides.
2. Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of goods to
obtain orders; a commercial traveler. [Eng.]
3. One who breaks or manages a horse. --Shak.
4. An addition or amendment to a manuscript or other
document, which is attached on a separate piece of paper;
in legislative practice, an additional clause annexed to a
bill while in course of passage; something extra or
burdensome that is imposed.
After the third reading, a foolish man stood up to
propose a rider. --Macaulay.
This [question] was a rider which Mab found
difficult to answer. --A. S. Hardy.
5. (Math.) A problem of more than usual difficulty added to
another on an examination paper.
6. [D. rijder.] A Dutch gold coin having the figure of a man
on horseback stamped upon it.
His moldy money ! half a dozen riders. --J.
Fletcher.
7. (Mining) Rock material in a vein of ore, dividing it.
8. (Shipbuilding) An interior rib occasionally fixed in a
ship's hold, reaching from the keelson to the beams of the
lower deck, to strengthen her frame. --Totten.
9. (Naut.) The second tier of casks in a vessel's hold.
10. A small forked weight which straddles the beam of a
balance, along which it can be moved in the manner of the
weight on a steelyard.
11. A robber. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Drummond.
{Rider's bone} (Med.), a bony deposit in the muscles of the
upper and inner part of the thigh, due to the pressure and
irritation caused by the saddle in riding.
Riderless \Rid"er*less\, a.
Having no rider; as, a riderless horse. --H. Kingsley.
Ridge \Ridge\, n. [OE. rigge the back, AS. hrycg; akin to D.
rug, G. r["U]cken, OHG. rucki, hrukki, Icel. hryggr, Sw.
rugg, Dan. ryg. [root]16.]
1. The back, or top of the back; a crest. --Hudibras.
2. A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part of such a
range; any extended elevation between valleys. ``The
frozen ridges of the Alps.'' --Shak.
Part rise crystal wall, or ridge direct. --Milton.
3. A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up by a plow
or left between furrows or ditches, or as on the surface
of metal, cloth, or bone, etc.
4. (Arch.) The intersection of two surface forming a salient
angle, especially the angle at the top between the
opposite slopes or sides of a roof or a vault.
5. (Fort.) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from
the salient angle of the covered way. --Stocqueler.
Ridge \Ridge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ridged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ridging}.]
1. To form a ridge of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to
make into a ridge or ridges.
Bristles ranged like those that ridge the back Of
chafed wild boars. --Milton.
2. To form into ridges with the plow, as land.
3. To wrinkle. ``With a forehead ridged.'' --Cowper.
Ridgeband \Ridge"band`\, n.
The part of a harness which passes over the saddle, and
supports the shafts of a cart; -- called also {ridgerope},
and {ridger}. --Halliwell.
Ridgebone \Ridge"bone`\, n.
The backbone. [Obs.]
Blood . . . lying cluttered about the ridgebone.
--Holland.
Ridgel \Ridg"el\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Ridgelling}.
Ridgelet \Ridge"let\, n.
A little ridge.
Ridgeling \Ridge"ling\, n. [Prov. E. riggilt, riggot, ananimal
half castrated, a sheep having only one testicle; cf. Prov.
G. rigel, rig, a barrow hog, rigler a cock half castrated.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A half-castrated male animal.
Ridgepiece \Ridge"piece`\, Ridgeplate \Ridge"plate`\, n.
See {Ridgepole}.
Ridgepole \Ridge"pole`\, n. (Arch.)
The timber forming the ridge of a roof, into which the
rafters are secured.
Ridgerope \Ridge"rope`\, n. (Naut.)
See {Life line}
(a), under {Life}.
Ridgingly \Ridg"ing*ly\, adv.
So as to form ridges.
Ridgy \Ridg"y\, a.
Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge. ``Lifted on a
ridgy wave.'' --Pope.
Ridicle \Rid"i*cle\, n.
Ridicule. [Obs.] --Foxe.
Ridicule \Rid"i*cule\, n. [F. ridicule, L. ridiculum a jest, fr.
ridiculus. See {Ridiculous}.]
1. An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a
laughing matter.
[Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his
deficiencies made him the ridicule of his
contemporaries. --Buckle.
To the people . . . but a trifle, to the king but a
ridicule. --Foxe.
2. Remarks concerning a subject or a person designed to
excite laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of that
species which provokes contemptuous laughter;
disparagement by making a person an object of laughter;
banter; -- a term lighter than derision.
We have in great measure restricted the meaning of
ridicule, which would properly extend over whole
region of the ridiculous, -- the laughable, -- and
we have narrowed it so that in common usage it
mostly corresponds to ``derision'', which does
indeed involve personal and offensive feelings.
--Hare.
Safe from the bar, the pulpit, and the throne, Yet
touched and shamed by ridicule alone. --Pope.
3. Quality of being ridiculous; ridiculousness. [Obs.]
To see the ridicule of this practice. --Addison.
Syn: Derision; banter; raillery; burlesque; mockery; irony;
satire; sarcasm; gibe; jeer; sneer.
Usage: {Ridicule}, {Derision}, Both words imply
disapprobation; but ridicule usually signifies
good-natured, fun-loving opposition without manifest
malice, while derision is commonly bitter and
scornful, and sometimes malignant.
Ridicule \Rid"i*cule\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ridiculed};p. pr. &
vb. n. {Ridiculing}.]
To laugh at mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule
toward or respecting.
I 've known the young, who ridiculed his rage.
--Goldsmith.
Syn: To deride; banter; rally; burlesque; mock; satirize;
lampoon. See {Deride}.
Ridicule \Rid"i*cule\, a. [F.]
Ridiculous. [Obs.]
This action . . . became so ridicule. --Aubrey.
Ridiculer \Rid"i*cu`ler\, n.
One who ridicules.
Ridiculize \Ri*dic"u*lize\, v. t.
To make ridiculous; to ridicule. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Ridiculosity \Ri*dic`u*los"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness;
also, something ridiculous. [Archaic] --Bailey.
Ridiculous \Ri*dic"u*lous\, a. [L. ridiculosus, ridiculus, fr.
ridere to laigh. Cf. {Risible}.]
1. Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable; unworthy
of serious consideration; as, a ridiculous dress or
behavior.
Agricola, discerning that those little targets and
unwieldy glaives ill pointed would soon become
ridiculous against the thrust and close, commanded
three Batavian cohorts . . . to draw up and come to
handy strokes. --Milton.
2. Involving or expressing ridicule. [r.]
[It] provokes me to ridiculous smiling. --Shak.
Syn: Ludicrous; laughable; risible; droll; comical; absurd;
preposterous. See {Ludicrous}. --- {Ri*dic"u*lous*ly},
adv. -- {Ri*dic"u*lous*ness}, n.
Riding \Rid"ing\ (r[imac]d"[i^]ng), n. [For thriding, Icel.
[thorn]ri[eth]jungr the third part, fr. [thorn]ri[eth]i
third, akin to E. third. See {Third}.]
One of the three jurisdictions into which the county of York,
in England, is divided; -- formerly under the government of a
reeve. They are called the North, the East, and the West,
Riding. --Blackstone.
Riding \Rid"ing\, a.
1. Employed to travel; traveling; as, a riding clerk. ``One
riding apparitor.'' --Ayliffe.
2. Used for riding on; as, a riding horse.
3. Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to riding; as, a
riding whip; a riding habit; a riding day.
{Riding clerk}.
(a) A clerk who traveled for a commercial house. [Obs.
Eng.]
(b) One of the ``six clerks'' formerly attached to the
English Court of Chancery.
{Riding hood}.
(a) A hood formerly worn by women when riding.
(b) A kind of cloak with a hood.
{Riding master}, an instructor in horsemanship.
{Riding rhyme} (Pros.), the meter of five accents, with
couplet rhyme; -- probably so called from the mounted
pilgrims described in the Canterbury Tales. --Dr. Guest.
{Riding school}, a school or place where the art of riding is
taught.
Riding \Rid"ing\, n.
1. The act or state of one who rides.
2. A festival procession. [Obs.]
When there any riding was in Cheap. --Chaucer.
3. Same as {Ride}, n., 3. --Sir P. Sidney.
4. A district in charge of an excise officer. [Eng.]
Ridotto \Ri*dot"to\, n. [It., fr. LL. reductus a retreat. See
{Redoubt}.]
A favorite Italian public entertainment, consisting of music
and dancing, -- held generally on fast eves. --Brande & C.
There are to be ridottos at guinea tickets. --Walpole.
Ridotto \Ri*dot"to\, v. i.
To hold ridottos. [R.] --J. G. Cooper.
Rie \Rie\, n.
See {Rye}. [Obs.] --Holland.
{Rie grass}. (Bot.)
(a) A kind of wild barley ({Hordeum pratense}). --Dr. Prior.
(b) Ray grass. --Dr. Prior.
Rief \Rief\, n. [See {Reave}.]
Robbery. [Obs. or Scot.]
Rietboc \Riet"boc\, n. [D. riet reed + bok buck.] (Zo["o]l.)
The reedbuck, a South African antelope ({Cervicapra
arundinacea}); -- so called from its frequenting dry places
covered with high grass or reeds. Its color is yellowish
brown. Called also {inghalla}, and {rietbok}.
Rife \Rife\, a. [AS. r[=i]f abundant, or Icel. r[=i]fr
munificent; akin to OD. riff, rijve, abundant.]
1. Prevailing; prevalent; abounding.
Before the plague of London, inflammations of the
lungs were rife and mortal. --Arbuthnot.
Even now the tumult of loud mirth Was rife, and
perfect in may listening ear. --Milton.
2. Having power; active; nimble. [Obs.]
What! I am rife a little yet. --J. Webster.
-- {Rife"ly}, adv. -- {Rife"ness}, n.
Riffle \Rif"fle\, n. [CF. G. riffeln, riefeln, to groove. Cf.
{Rifle} a gun.] (Mining)
A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across
the bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of
gold when auriferous earth is washed; also, one of the
cleats, grooves, or steps in such a trough. Also called
ripple.
Riffler \Rif"fler\, n. [See {Riffle}.]
A curved file used in carving wool and marble.
Riffraff \Riff"raff`\, n. [OE. rif and raf every particle, OF.
rif et raf. CF. {Raff}, and 1st {Rifle}.]
Sweepings; refuse; the lowest order of society. --Beau. & Fl.
Rifle \Ri"fle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rifled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rifling}.] [F. rifler to rifle, sweep away; of uncertain
origin. CF. {Raff}.]
1. To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry
off.
Till time shall rifle every youthful grace. --Pope.
2. To strip; to rob; to pillage. --Piers Plowman.
Stand, sir, and throw us that you have about ye: If
not, we'll make you sit and rifle you. --Shak.
3. To raffle. [Obs.] --J. Webster.
Rifle \Ri"fle\, v. i.
1. To raffle. [Obs.] --Chapman.
2. To commit robbery. [R.] --Bp. Hall.
Rifle \Ri"fle\, n. [Akin to Dan. rifle, or riffel, the rifle of
a gun, a chamfer (cf. riffel, riffelb["o]sse, a rifle gun,
rifle to rifle a gun, G. riefeln, riefen, to chamfer,
groove), and E. rive. See {Rive}, and cf. {Riffle}, {Rivel}.]
1. A gun, the inside of whose barrel is grooved with spiral
channels, thus giving the ball a rotary motion and
insuring greater accuracy of fire. As a military firearm
it has superseded the musket.
2. pl. (Mil.) A body of soldiers armed with rifles.
3. A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material,
used for sharpening scythes.
{Rifle pit} (Mil.), a trench for sheltering sharpshooters.
Rifle \Ri"fle\, v. t.
1. To grove; to channel; especially, to groove internally
with spiral channels; as, to rifle a gun barrel or a
cannon.
2. To whet with a rifle. See {Rifle}, n., 3.
Riflebird \Ri"fle*bird`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of beautiful birds of Australia
and New Guinea, of the genera {Ptiloris} and {Craspidophora},
allied to the paradise birds.
Note: The largest and best known species is {Ptiloris
paradisea} of Australia. Its general color is rich
velvety brown, glossed with lilac; the under parts are
varied with rich olive green, and the head, throat, and
two middle tail feathers are brilliant metallic green.
Rifleman \Ri"fle*man\, n.; pl. {Rifleman}. (Mil.)
A soldier armed with a rifle.
Rifler \Ri"fler\, n.
One who rifles; a robber.
Rifling \Ri"fling\, n.
(a) The act or process of making the grooves in a rifled
cannon or gun barrel.
(b) The system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon.
{Shunt rifling}, rifling for cannon, in which one side of the
groove is made deeper than the other, to facilitate
loading with shot having projections which enter by the
deeper part of the grooves.
Rift \Rift\, obs.
p. p. of {Rive}. --Spenser.
Rift \Rift\, n. [Written also {reft}.] [Dan. rift, fr. rieve to
rend. See {Rive}.]
1. An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a
fissure. --Spenser.
2. A shallow place in a stream; a ford.
Rift \Rift\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rifted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rifting}.]
To cleave; to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock;
to rift the clouds. --Longfellow.
To dwell these rifted rocks between. --Wordsworth.
Rift \Rift\, v. i.
1. To burst open; to split. --Shak.
Timber . . . not apt to rif with ordnance. --Bacon.
2. To belch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Rifter \Rift"er\, n.
A rafter. [Obs.] --Holland.
Rig \Rig\, n. [See {Ridge}.]
A ridge. [Prov. or Scott.]
Rig \Rig\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rigged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rigging}.] [Norweg. rigga to bind, particularly, to wrap
round, rig; cf. AS. wr[=i]han to cover.]
1. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.
2. To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or
fanciful manner; -- commonly followed by out.
Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace.
--L'Estrange.
{To rig a purchase}, to adapt apparatus so as to get a
purchase for moving a weight, as with a lever, tackle,
capstan, etc.
{To rig a ship} (Naut.), to fit the shrouds, stays, braces,
etc., to their respective masts and yards.
Rig \Rig\, n.
1. (Naut.) The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and
arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types
of vessels are distinguished; as, schooner rig, ship rig,
etc. See Illustration in Appendix.
2. Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing. [Colloq.]
Rig \Rig\, n. [Cf. {Wriggle}.]
1. A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming conduct. [Obs.]
--Fuller.
2. A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic.
3. A blast of wind. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
That uncertain season before the rigs of Michaelmas
were yet well composed. --Burke.
{To run a rig}, to play a trick; to engage in a frolic; to do
something strange and unbecoming.
He little dreamt when he set out Of running such a
rig. --Cowper.
Rig \Rig\, v. i.
To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play
tricks. ``Rigging and rifling all ways.'' --Chapman.
Rig \Rig\, v. t.
To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer. [Obs. or
Prov.] --Tusser.
{To rig the market} (Stock Exchange), to raise or lower
market prices, as by some fraud or trick. [Cant]
Rigadoon \Rig`a*doon"\, n. [F. rigadon, rigaudon.]
A gay, lively dance for one couple, -- said to have been
borrowed from Provence in France. --W. Irving.
Whose dancing dogs in rigadoons excel. --Wolcott.
Riga fir \Ri"ga fir`\, [So called from Riga, a city in Russia.]
(Bot.)
A species of pine ({Pinus sylvestris}), and its wood, which
affords a valuable timber; -- called also {Scotch pine}, and
{red or yellow deal}. It grows in all parts of Europe, in the
Caucasus, and in Siberia.
Rigarion \Ri*ga"rion\, n. [L. rigatio, fr. rigare to water.]
See {Irrigation}. [Obs.]
Rigel \Ri"gel\, n. [Ar. rijl, properly, foot.] (Astron.)
A fixed star of the first magnitude in the left foot of the
constellation Orion. [Written also {Regel}.]
Rigescent \Ri*ges"cent\, a. [L. rigescens, p. pr. fr. rigescere
to grow stiff.]
Growing stiff or numb.
Rigger \Rig"ger\, n.
1. One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit
the rigging of a ship.
2. A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery. [R.]
Rigging \Rig"ging\, n.
DRess; tackle; especially (Naut.), the ropes, chains, etc.,
that support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as
purchases for adjusting the sails, etc. See Illustr. of
{Ship} and {Sails}.
{Running rigging} (Naut.), all those ropes used in bracing
the yards, making and shortening sail, etc., such as
braces, sheets, halyards, clew lines, and the like.
{Standing rigging} (Naut.), the shrouds and stays.
Riggish \Rig"gish\, a.
Like a rig or wanton. [Obs.] ``Riggish and unmaidenly.''
--Bp. Hall.
Riggle \Rig"gle\, v. i.
See {Wriggle}.
Riggle \Rig"gle\, n.
The European lance fish. [Prov. Eng.]
Right \Right\ (r[imac]t), a. [OE. right, riht, AS. riht; akin to
D. regt, OS. & OHG. reht, G. recht, Dan. ret, Sw. r["a]tt,
Icel. r["e]ttr, Goth. ra['i]hts, L. rectus, p. p. of regere
to guide, rule; cf. Skr. [.r]ju straight, right. [root]115.
Cf. {Adroit},{Alert}, {Correct}, {Dress}, {Regular},
{Rector}, {Recto}, {Rectum}, {Regent}, {Region}, {Realm},
{Rich}, {Royal}, {Rule}.]
1. Straight; direct; not crooked; as, a right line. ``Right
as any line.'' --Chaucer
2. Upright; erect from a base; having an upright axis; not
oblique; as, right ascension; a right pyramid or cone.
3. Conformed to the constitution of man and the will of God,
or to justice and equity; not deviating from the true and
just; according with truth and duty; just; true.
That which is conformable to the Supreme Rule is
absolutely right, and is called right simply without
relation to a special end. --Whately.
2. Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming; as, the right
man in the right place; the right way from London to
Oxford.
5. Characterized by reality or genuineness; real; actual; not
spurious. ``His right wife.'' --Chaucer.
In this battle, . . . the Britons never more plainly
manifested themselves to be right barbarians.
--Milton.
6. According with truth; passing a true judgment; conforming
to fact or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not erroneous;
correct; as, this is the right faith.
You are right, Justice, and you weigh this well.
--Shak.
If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the
inference is . . . right, ``Let us eat and drink,
for to-morrow we die.'' --Locke.
7. Most favorable or convenient; fortunate.
The lady has been disappointed on the right side.
--Spectator.
8. Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which
the muscular action is usually stronger than on the other
side; -- opposed to left when used in reference to a part
of the body; as, the right side, hand, arm. Also applied
to the corresponding side of the lower animals.
Became the sovereign's favorite, his right hand.
--Longfellow.
Note: In designating the banks of a river, right and left are
used always with reference to the position of one who
is facing in the direction of the current's flow.
9. Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly; well
regulated; correctly done.
10. Designed to be placed or worn outward; as, the right side
of a piece of cloth.
{At right angles}, so as to form a right angle or right
angles, as when one line crosses another perpendicularly.
{Right and left}, in both or all directions. [Colloq.]
{Right and left coupling} (Pipe fitting), a coupling the
opposite ends of which are tapped for a right-handed screw
and a left-handed screw, respectivelly.
{Right angle}.
(a) The angle formed by one line meeting another
perpendicularly, as the angles ABD, DBC.
(b) (Spherics) A spherical angle included between the
axes of two great circles whose planes are
perpendicular to each other.
{Right ascension}. See under {Ascension}.
{Right Center} (Politics), those members belonging to the
Center in a legislative assembly who have sympathies with
the Right on political questions. See {Center}, n., 5.
{Right cone}, {Right cylinder}, {Right prism}, {Right
pyramid} (Geom.), a cone, cylinder, prism, or pyramid, the
axis of which is perpendicular to the base.
{Right line}. See under {Line}.
{Right sailing} (Naut.), sailing on one of the four cardinal
points, so as to alter a ship's latitude or its longitude,
but not both. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
{Right sphere} (Astron. & Geol.), a sphere in such a position
that the equator cuts the horizon at right angles; in
spherical projections, that position of the sphere in
which the primitive plane coincides with the plane of the
equator.
Note: Right is used elliptically for it is right, what you
say is right, true.
``Right,'' cries his lordship. --Pope.
Syn: Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; lawful;
rightful; true; correct; just; equitable; proper;
suitable; becoming.
Right \Right\, adv.
1. In a right manner.
2. In a right or straight line; directly; hence; straightway;
immediately; next; as, he stood right before me; it went
right to the mark; he came right out; he followed right
after the guide.
Unto Dian's temple goeth she right. --Chaucer.
Let thine eyes look right on. --Prov. iv.
25.
Right across its track there lay, Down in the water,
a long reef of gold. --Tennyson.
3. Exactly; just. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Came he right now to sing a raven's note? --Shak.
4. According to the law or will of God; conforming to the
standard of truth and justice; righteously; as, to live
right; to judge right.
5. According to any rule of art; correctly.
You with strict discipline instructed right.
--Roscommon.
6. According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really;
correctly; exactly; as, to tell a story right. ``Right at
mine own cost.'' --Chaucer.
Right as it were a steed of Lumbardye. --Chaucer.
His wounds so smarted that he slept right naught.
--Fairfax.
7. In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly; extremely;
highly; as, right humble; right noble; right valiant. ``He
was not right fat''. --Chaucer.
For which I should be right sorry. --Tyndale.
[I] return those duties back as are right fit.
--Shak.
Note: In this sense now chiefly prefixed to titles; as, right
honorable; right reverend.
{Right honorable}, a title given in England to peers and
peeresses, to the eldest sons and all daughters of such
peers as have rank above viscounts, and to all privy
councilors; also, to certain civic officers, as the lord
mayor of London, of York, and of Dublin.
Note: Right is used in composition with other adverbs, as
upright, downright, forthright, etc.
{Right along}, without cessation; continuously; as, to work
right along for several hours. [Colloq. U.S.]
{Right away}, or {Right off}, at once; straightway; without
delay. [Colloq. U.S.] ``We will . . . shut ourselves up in
the office and do the work right off.'' --D. Webster.
Right \Right\, n. [AS. right. See {Right}, a.]
1. That which is right or correct. Specifically:
(a) The straight course; adherence to duty; obedience to
lawful authority, divine or human; freedom from guilt,
-- the opposite of moral wrong.
(b) A true statement; freedom from error of falsehood;
adherence to truth or fact.
Seldom your opinions err; Your eyes are always
in the right. --Prior.
(c) A just judgment or action; that which is true or
proper; justice; uprightness; integrity.
Long love to her has borne the faithful knight,
And well deserved, had fortune done him right.
--Dryden.
2. That to which one has a just claim. Specifically:
(a) That which one has a natural claim to exact.
There are no rights whatever, without
corresponding duties. --Coleridge.
(b) That which one has a legal or social claim to do or to
exact; legal power; authority; as, a sheriff has a
right to arrest a criminal.
(c) That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a
claim to possess or own; the interest or share which
anyone has in a piece of property; title; claim;
interest; ownership.
Born free, he sought his right. --Dryden.
Hast thou not right to all created things?
--Milton.
Men have no right to what is not reasonable.
--Burke.
(d) Privilege or immunity granted by authority.
3. The right side; the side opposite to the left.
Led her to the Souldan's right. --Spenser.
4. In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in France), those
members collectively who are conservatives or monarchists.
See {Center}, 5.
5. The outward or most finished surface, as of a piece of
cloth, a carpet, etc.
{At all right}, at all points; in all respects. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
{Bill of rights}, a list of rights; a paper containing a
declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. See
under {Bill}.
{By right}, {By rights}, or {By good rights}, rightly;
properly; correctly.
He should himself use it by right. --Chaucer.
I should have been a woman by right. --Shak.
{Divine right}, or
{Divine right of kings}, a name given to the patriarchal
theory of government, especially to the doctrine that no
misconduct and no dispossession can forfeit the right of a
monarch or his heirs to the throne, and to the obedience
of the people.
{To rights}.
(a) In a direct line; straight. [R.] --Woodward.
(b) At once; directly. [Obs. or Colloq.] --Swift.
{To set to rights}, {To put to rights}, to put in good order;
to adjust; to regulate, as what is out of order.
{Writ of right} (Law), a writ which lay to recover lands in
fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner.
--Blackstone.
Right \Right\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Righted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Righting}.] [AS. rihtan. See {Right}, a.]
1. To bring or restore to the proper or natural position; to
set upright; to make right or straight (that which has
been wrong or crooked); to correct.
2. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights
to; to assert or regain the rights of; as, to right the
oppressed; to right one's self; also, to vindicate.
So just is God, to right the innocent. --Shak.
All experience hath shown that mankind are more
disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than
to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which
they are accustomed. --Jefferson.
{To right a vessel} (Naut.), to restore her to an upright
position after careening.
{To right the helm} (Naut.), to place it in line with the
keel.
Right \Right\, v. i.
1. To recover the proper or natural condition or position; to
become upright.
2. (Naut.) Hence, to regain an upright position, as a ship or
boat, after careening.
Right-about \Right"-a*bout`\, n. [Right, adv. + about, adv.]
A turning directly about by the right, so as to face in the
opposite direction; also, the quarter directly opposite; as,
to turn to the right-about.
{To send to the right-about}, to cause to turn toward the
opposite point or quarter; -- hence, of troops, to cause
to turn and retreat. [Colloq.] --Sir W. Scott.
Right-angled \Right"-an`gled\, a.
Containing a right angle or right angles; as, a right-angled
triangle.
Righten \Right"en\, v. t.
To do justice to. [Obs.]
Relieve [marginal reading, righten] the opressed.
--Isa. i. 17.
Righteous \Right"eous\, a. [OE. rightways, rightwise, AS.
rightw[=i]s; riht right + w[=i]s wise, having wisdom,
prudent. See {Right}, a., {Wise}, a.]
Doing, or according with, that which is right; yielding to
all their due; just; equitable; especially, free from wrong,
guilt, or sin; holy; as, a righteous man or act; a righteous
retribution.
Fearless in his righteous cause. --Milton.
Syn: Upright; just; godly; holy; uncorrupt; virtuous; honest;
equitable; rightful.
Righteoused \Right"eoused\, a.
Made righteous. [Obs.]
Righteously \Right"eous*ly\, adv. [AS. rightw[=i]sl[=i]ce.]
In a righteous manner; as, to judge righteously.
Righteousness \Right"eous*ness\, n. [AS. rihtw[=i]snes.]
1. The quality or state of being righteous; holiness; purity;
uprightness; rectitude.
Note: Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in
which it chiefly occurs, is nearly equivalent to
holiness, comprehending holy principles and affections
of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law.
2. A righteous act, or righteous quality.
All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags. --Isa.
lxiv. 6.
3. The act or conduct of one who is righteous.
Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that
doeth righteousness at all times. --Ps. cvi. 3.
4. (Theol.) The state of being right with God; justification;
the work of Christ, which is the ground of justification.
There are two kinds of Christian righteousness: the
one without us, which we have by imputation; the
other in us, which consisteth of faith, hope, and
charity, and other Christian virtues. --Hooker.
Only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us,
and received by faith alone. --Westminster
Catechism.
Syn: Uprightness; holiness; godliness; equity; justice;
rightfulness; integrity; honesty; faithfulness.
Righter \Right"er\, n.
One who sets right; one who does justice or redresses wrong.
--Shelton.
Rightful \Right"ful\, a.
1. Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of persons. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
2. Consonant to justice; just; as, a rightful cause.
3. Having the right or just claim according to established
laws; being or holding by right; as, the rightful heir to
a throne or an estate; a rightful king.
4. Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by just claim;
as, a rightful inheritance; rightful authority.
Syn: Just; lawful; true; honest; equitable; proper.
Rightfully \Right"ful*ly\, adv.
According to right or justice.
Rightfulness \Right"ful*ness\, n.
1. The quality or state of being rightful; accordance with
right and justice.
2. Moral rectitude; righteousness. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
We fail of perfect rightfulness. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Right-hand \Right"-hand`\, a.
1. Situated or being on the right; nearer the right hand than
the left; as, the right-hand side, room, or road.
2. Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable.
Mr. Alexander Truncheon, who is their right-hand man
in the troop. --Addison.
{Right-hand rope}, a rope which is laid up and twisted with
the sun, that is, in the same direction as plain-laid
rope. See Illust. of {Cordage}.
Righthanded \Right"*hand`ed\, a.
1. Using the right hand habitually, or more easily than the
left.
2. Having the same direction or course as the movement of the
hands of a watch seen in front; -- said of the motion of a
revolving object looked at from a given direction.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Having the whorls rising from left to right;
dextral; -- said of spiral shells. See Illust. of
{Scalaria}.
{Right-handed screw}, a screw, the threads of which, like
those of a common wood screw, wind spirally in such a
direction that the screw advances away from the observer
when turned with a right-handed movement in a fixed nut.
Right-handedness \Right"-hand`ed*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being right-handed; hence, skill;
dexterity.
Right-hearted \Right"-heart`ed\, a.
Having a right heart or disposition. --
{Right"-heart`ed*ness}, n.
Rightless \Right"less\, a.
Destitute of right. --Sylvester.
Right-lined \Right"-lined`\, a.
Formed by right lines; rectilineal; as, a right-lined angle.
Rightly \Right"ly\, adv. [AS. richtlice.]
1. Straightly; directly; in front. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. According to justice; according to the divine will or
moral rectitude; uprightly; as, duty rightly performed.
3. Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately.
Eve rightly called, Mother of all mankind. --Milton.
4. According to truth or fact; correctly; not erroneously;
exactly. ``I can not rightly say.'' --Shak.
Thou didst not rightly see. --Dryden.
Right-minded \Right"-mind`ed\, a.
Having a right or honest mind. -- {Right"-mind`ed*ness}, n.
Rightness \Right"ness\, n. [AS. rihtnes.]
Straightness; as, the rightness of a line. --Bacon.
2. The quality or state of being right; right relation.
The craving for rightness with God. --J. C.
Shairp.
Right-running \Right"-run`ning\, a.
Straight; direct.
Rightward \Right"ward\, adv.
Toward the right.
Rightward and leftward rise the rocks. --Southey.
Right whale \Right" whale`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale ({Bal[ae]na
mysticetus}), from whose mouth the best whalebone is
obtained.
(b) Any other whale that produces valuable whalebone, as the
Atlantic, or Biscay, right whale ({Bal[ae]na
cisarctica}), and the Pacific right whale ({B.
Sieboldii}); a bone whale.
{Pygmy right whale} (Zo["o]l.), a small New Zealand whale
{(Neobal[ae]na marginata)} which is only about sixteen
feet long. It produces short, but very elastic and tough,
whalebone.
Rightwise \Right"wise`\, a.
Righteous. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Rightwise \Right"wise`\, v. t.
To make righteous. [Obs.]
Rightwisely \Right"wise`ly\, adv.
Righteously. [Obs.]
Rightwiseness \Right"wise`ness\, n.
Righteousness. [Obs.]
In doom and eke in rightwisnesse. --Chaucer.
Rigid \Rig"id\, a. [L. rigidus, fr. rigere to be stiff or numb:
cf. F. rigide. Cf. {Rigor}. ]
1. Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not flexible.
Upright beams innumerable Of rigid spears. --Milton.
2. Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible; strict;
as, a rigid father or master; rigid discipline; rigid
criticism; a rigid sentence.
The more rigid order of principles in religion and
government. --Hawthorne.
Syn: Stiff; unpliant; inflexible; unyielding; strict; exact;
severe; austere; stern; rigorous; unmitigated.
Rigidity \Ri*gid"i*ty\, n. [L. rigiditas: cf. F. rigidit['e].
See {Rigid}.]
1. The quality or state of being rigid; want of pliability;
the quality of resisting change of form; the amount of
resistance with which a body opposes change of form; --
opposed to {flexibility}, {ductility}, {malleability}, and
{softness}.
2. Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease or
elegance. --Sir H. Wotton.
3. Severity; rigor. [Obs. orR.] --Bp. Burnet.
Syn: Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility.
Rigidly \Rig"id*ly\, v.
In a rigid manner; stiffly.
Rigidness \Rig"id*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being rigid.
Rigidulous \Ri*gid"u*lous\, a. [Dim. from rigid.] (Bot.)
Somewhat rigid or stiff; as, a rigidulous bristle.
Riglet \Rig"let\, n. (Print.)
See {Reglet}.
Rigmarole \Rig"ma*role\, n. [For ragman roll. See {Ragman's
roll}.]
A succession of confused or nonsensical statements; foolish
talk; nonsense. [Colloq.]
Often one's dear friend talks something which one
scruples to call rigmarole. --De Quincey.
Rigmarole \Rig"ma*role\, a.
Consisting of rigmarole; frovolous; nonsensical; foolish.
Rigol \Rig"ol\, n. [OE. also ringol. Cf. {Ring}.]
A circle; hence, a diadem. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rigoll \Rig"oll\, n. [Corrupted fr. regal.]
A musical instrument formerly in use, consisting of several
sticks bound together, but separated by beads, and played
with a stick with a ball at its end. --Moore (Encyc. of
Music.).
Rigor \Ri"gor\, n. [L. See {Rigor}., below.]
1. Rigidity; stiffness.
2. (ed.) A sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin;
a convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in the chill
preceding a fever.
{Rigor caloris}[L., rigor of heat] (Physiol.), a form of
rigor mortis induced by heat, as when the muscle of a
mammal is heated to about 50[deg]C.
{Rigor mortis}[L., rigor of death], death stiffening; the
rigidity of the muscles that occurs at death and lasts
till decomposition sets in. It is due to the formation of
myosin by the coagulation of the contents of the
individual muscle fibers.
Rigor \Rig"or\, n. [OE. rigour, OF. rigour, F. rigueur, from L.
rigor, fr. rigere to be stiff. See {Rigid}.] [Written also
{rigour}.]
1. The becoming stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid;
rigidity; stiffness; hardness.
The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to
move. --Milton.
2. (Med.) See 1st {Rigor}, 2.
3. Severity of climate or season; inclemency; as, the rigor
of the storm; the rigors of winter.
4. Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged sternness;
hardness; relentless severity; hard-heartedness; cruelty.
All his rigor is turned to grief and pity. --Denham.
If I shall be condemn'd Upon surmises, . . . I tell
you 'T is rigor and not law. --Shak.
5. Exactness without allowance, deviation, or indulgence;
strictness; as, the rigor of criticism; to execute a law
with rigor; to enforce moral duties with rigor; -- opposed
to {lenity}.
6. Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain,
abstinence, or mortification.
The prince lived in this convent with all the rigor
and austerity of a capuchin. --Addison.
7. Violence; force; fury. [Obs.]
Whose raging rigor neither steel nor brass could
stay. --Spenser.
Syn: Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility; severity;
austerity; sternness; harshness; strictness; exactness.
Rigorism \Rig"or*ism\, n.
1. Rigidity in principle or practice; strictness; -- opposed
to {laxity}.
2. Severity, as of style, or the like. --Jefferson.
Rigorist \Rig"or*ist\, n. [Cf. F. rigoriste.]
One who is rigorous; -- sometimes applied to an extreme
Jansenist.
Rigorous \Rig"or*ous\, a. [F. rigoureux, LL. rigorosus. See
{Rigor}.]
1. Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no
abatement or mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact;
strict; severe; relentless; as, a rigorous officer of
justice; a rigorous execution of law; a rigorous
definition or demonstration.
He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock With
rigorous hands. --Shak.
We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their
rigorous unity. --De Quincey.
2. Severe; intense; inclement; as, a rigorous winter.
3. Violent. [Obs.] ``Rigorous uproar.'' --Spenser.
Syn: Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe; austere;
stern; harsh; strict; exact. -- {Rig"or*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Rig"or*ous*ness}, n.
Rigsdaler \Rigs"da`ler\, n. [Dan. See {Rix-dollar}.]
A Danish coin worth about fifty-four cents. It was the former
unit of value in Denmark.
Riksdaler \Riks"da`ler\, n. [Sw. See {Rix-dollar}.]
A Swedish coin worth about twenty-seven cents. It was
formerly the unit of value in Sweden.
Rig-Veda \Rig`-Ve"da\
See {Veda}.
Rile \Rile\ (r[imac]l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Riled} (r[imac]ld);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Riling}.] [See {Roil}.]
1. To render turbid or muddy; to stir up; to roil.
2. To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to vex.
Note: In both senses provincial in England and colloquial in
the United States.
Rilievo \Ri*lie"vo\, n.[It. See {Relief}.] (Sculp. & Arch.)
Same as {Relief}, n., 5.
Rill \Rill\ (r[i^]l), n. [Cf. LG. rille a small channel or
brook, a furrow, a chamfer, OE. rigol a small brook, F.
rigole a trench or furrow for water, W. rhill a row, rhigol a
little ditch. [root]11.]
1. A very small brook; a streamlet.
2. (Astron.) See {Rille}.
Rill \Rill\, v. i.
To run a small stream. [R.] --Prior.
Rille \Rille\ (r[i^]l), n. [G. rille a furrow.] (Astron.)
One of certain narrow, crooked valleys seen, by aid of the
telescope, on the surface of the moon.
Rillet \Rill"et\, n.
A little rill. --Burton.
Rily \Ri"ly\, a.
Roily. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Rim \Rim\, n. [As. rima, reoma, edge; cf. W. rhim, rhimp, a rim,
edge, boundary, termination, Armor, rim. Cf. {Rind}.]
1. The border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of
something circular or curving; as, the rim of a kettle or
basin.
2. The lower part of the abdomen. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Arch rim} (Phonetics), the line between the gums and the
palate.
{Rim-fire cartridge}. (Mil.) See under {Cartridge}.
{Rim lock}. See under {Lock}.
Rim \Rim\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rimmed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rimming}.]
To furnish with a rim; to border.
Rima \Ri"ma\, n.; pl. {Rim[ae]}. [L.] (Anat.)
A narrow and elongated aperture; a cleft; a fissure.
Rimau dahan \Ri"mau da"han\ [From the native Oriental name.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The clouded tiger cat ({Felis marmorata}) of Southern Asia
and the East Indies.
Rimbase \Rim"base`\, n. (Mil.)
A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a
cannon. See Illust. of {Cannon}.
Rime \Rime\, n. [L. rima.]
A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. --Sir
T. Browne.
Rime \Rime\, n. [AS. hr[=i]m; akin to D. rijm, Icel. hr[=i]m,
Dan. rim, Sw. rim; cf. D. rijp, G. reif, OHG. r[=i]fo,
hr[=i]fo.]
White frost; hoarfrost; congealed dew or vapor.
The trees were now covered with rime. --De Quincey.
Rime \Rime\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rimed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Riming}.]
To freeze or congeal into hoarfrost.
Rime \Rime\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A step or round of a ladder; a rung.
Rime \Rime\, n.
Rhyme. See {Rhyme}. --Coleridge. --Landor.
Note: This spelling, which is etymologically preferable, is
coming into use again.
Rime \Rime\, v. i. & t.
To rhyme. See {Rhyme}.
Rimer \Rim"er\, n.
A rhymer; a versifier.
Rimer \Rim"er\, n.
A tool for shaping the rimes of a ladder.
Rimey \Rim"ey\, v. t. [Cf. OF. rimoier. See {Ryime}.]
To compose in rhyme; to versify. [Obs.]
[Lays] rimeyed in their first Breton tongue. --Chaucer.
Rimmer \Rim"mer\, n.
An implement for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of
anything, as the edges of pies, etc.; also, a reamer.
--Knight.
Rimose \Ri*mose"\, a. [L. rimosus, fr. rima a chink: cf. F.
rimeux.]
1. Full of rimes, fissures, or chinks.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Having long and nearly parallel clefts or
chinks, like those in the bark of trees.
Rimosely \Ri*mose"ly\, adv.
In a rimose manner.
Rimosity \Ri*mos"i*ty\, n.
State of being rimose.
Rimous \Rim"ous\, a.
Rimose.
Rimple \Rim"ple\, n. [AS. hrimpele, or rimpel. See Rumple.]
A fold or wrinkle. See {Rumple}.
Rimple \Rim"ple\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Rimpled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Rimpling}.]
To rumple; to wrinkle.
Rimy \Rim"y\, a.
Abounding with rime; frosty.
Rind \Rind\ (r[imac]nd), n. [AS. rind bark, crust of bread; akin
to OHG. rinta, G. rinde, and probably to E. rand, rim; cf.
Skr. ram to end, rest.]
The external covering or coat, as of flesh, fruit, trees,
etc.; skin; hide; bark; peel; shell.
Thou canst not touch the freedom of my mind With all
thy charms, although this corporal rind Thou hast
immanacled. --Milton.
Sweetest nut hath sourest rind. --Shak.
Rind \Rind\, v. t.
To remove the rind of; to bark. [R.]
Rinderpest \Rin"der*pest\ (r[i^]n"d[~e]r*p[e^]st), n. [G., fr.
rind, pl. rinder, cattle + pest pest, plague.]
A highly contagious distemper or murrain, affecting neat
cattle, and less commonly sheep and goats; -- called also
{cattle plague}, {Russian cattle plague}, and {steppe
murrain}.
Rindle \Rin"dle\ (r[i^]n"d'l), n. [AS. rynele. [root]11. See
{Run}.]
A small water course or gutter. --Ash.
Rindless \Rind"less\ (r[imac]nd"l[e^]s), a.
Destitute of a rind.
Rindy \Rind"y\ (-[y^]), a.
Having a rind or skin. --Ash.
Rine \Rine\ (r[imac]n), n.
See {Rind}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Rined \Rined\, a.
Having a rind [Obs.] --Milton.
Rinforzando \Rin`for*zan"do\, a. [It., fr. rinforzare to
re["e]nforce, strengthen.] (Mus.)
Increasing; strengthening; -- a direction indicating a sudden
increase of force (abbreviated rf., rfz.) Cf. {Forzando}, and
{Sforzando}.
Ring \Ring\ (r[i^]ng), v. t. [imp. {Rang} (r[a^]ng) or {Rung}
(r[u^]ng); p. p. {Rung}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Ringing}.] [AS.
hringan; akin to Icel. hringja, Sw. ringa, Dan. ringe, OD.
ringhen, ringkelen. [root]19.]
1. To cause to sound, especially by striking, as a metallic
body; as, to ring a bell.
2. To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to sound.
The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, Hath
rung night's yawning peal. --Shak.
3. To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly.
{To ring a peal}, to ring a set of changes on a chime of
bells.
{To ring the changes upon}. See under {Change}.
{To ring in} or {out}, to usher, attend on, or celebrate, by
the ringing of bells; as, to ring out the old year and
ring in the new. --Tennyson.
{To ring the bells backward}, to sound the chimes, reversing
the common order; -- formerly done as a signal of alarm or
danger. --Sir W. Scott.
Ring \Ring\, v. i.
1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a
metallic one.
Now ringen trompes loud and clarion. --Chaucer.
Why ring not out the bells? --Shak.
2. To practice making music with bells. --Holder.
3. To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a ringing or
reverberating sound.
With sweeter notes each rising temple rung. --Pope.
The hall with harp and carol rang. --Tennyson.
My ears still ring with noise. --Dryden.
4. To continue to sound or vibrate; to resound.
The assertion is still ringing in our ears. --Burke.
5. To be filled with report or talk; as, the whole town rings
with his fame.
Ring \Ring\, n.
1. A sound; especially, the sound of vibrating metals; as,
the ring of a bell.
2. Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a sound
continued, repeated, or reverberated.
The ring of acclamations fresh in his ears. --Bacon
3. A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned.
As great and tunable a ring of bells as any in the
world. --Fuller.
Ring \Ring\, n. [AS. hring, hrinc; akin to Fries. hring, D. & G.
ring, OHG. ring, hring, Icel. hringr, DAn. & SW. ring; cf.
Russ. krug'. Cf. {Harangue}, {Rank} a row,{Rink}.]
A circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a
circular line or hoop.
2. Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or other
precious material worn on the finger, or attached to the
ear, the nose, or some other part of the person; as, a
wedding ring.
Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. --Chaucer.
The dearest ring in Venice will I give you. --Shak.
3. A circular area in which races are or run or other sports
are performed; an arena.
Place me, O, place me in the dusty ring, Where
youthful charioteers contend for glory. --E. Smith.
4. An inclosed space in which pugilists fight; hence,
figuratively, prize fighting. ``The road was an
institution, the ring was an institution.'' --Thackeray.
5. A circular group of persons.
And hears the Muses in a ring Aye round about Jove's
alter sing. --Milton.
6. (Geom.)
(a) The plane figure included between the circumferences
of two concentric circles.
(b) The solid generated by the revolution of a circle, or
other figure, about an exterior straight line (as an
axis) lying in the same plane as the circle or other
figure.
7. (Astron. & Navigation) An instrument, formerly used for
taking the sun's altitude, consisting of a brass ring
suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one side through
which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the
graduated inner surface opposite.
8. (Bot.) An elastic band partly or wholly encircling the
spore cases of ferns. See Illust. of {Sporangium}.
9. A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for a
selfish purpose, as to control the market, distribute
offices, obtain contracts, etc.
The ruling ring at Constantinople. --E. A.
Freeman.
{Ring armor}, armor composed of rings of metal. See {Ring
mail}, below, and {Chain mail}, under {Chain}.
{Ring blackbird} (Zo["o]l.), the ring ousel.
{Ring canal} (Zo["o]l.), the circular water tube which
surrounds the esophagus of echinoderms.
{Ring dotterel}, or {Ringed dotterel}. (Zo["o]l.) See
{Dotterel}, and Illust. of {Pressiroster}.
{Ring dropper}, a sharper who pretends to have found a ring
(dropped by himself), and tries to induce another to buy
it as valuable, it being worthless.
{Ring fence}. See under {Fence}.
{Ring finger}, the third finger of the left hand, or the next
the little finger, on which the ring is placed in
marriage.
{Ring formula} (Chem.), a graphic formula in the shape of a
closed ring, as in the case of benzene, pyridine, etc. See
Illust. under {Benzene}.
{Ring mail}, a kind of mail made of small steel rings sewed
upon a garment of leather or of cloth.
{Ring micrometer}. (Astron.) See {Circular micrometer}, under
{Micrometer}.
{Saturn's rings}. See {Saturn}.
{Ring ousel}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Ousel}.
{Ring parrot} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of Old
World parrakeets having a red ring around the neck,
especially {Pal[ae]ornis torquatus}, common in India, and
{P. Alexandri} of {Java}.
{Ring plover}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The ringed dotterel.
(b) Any one of several small American plovers having a
dark ring around the neck, as the semipalmated plover
({[AE]gialitis semipalmata}).
{Ring snake} (Zo["o]l.), a small harmless American snake
({Diadophis punctatus}) having a white ring around the
neck. The back is ash-colored, or sage green, the belly of
an orange red.
{Ring stopper}. (Naut.) See under {Stopper}.
{Ring thrush} (Zo["o]l.), the ring ousel.
{The prize ring}, the ring in which prize fighters contend;
prize fighters, collectively.
{The ring}.
(a) The body of sporting men who bet on horse races.
[Eng.]
(b) The prize ring.
Ring \Ring\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ringed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ringing}.]
1. To surround with a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle.
``Ring these fingers.'' --Shak.
2. (Hort.) To make a ring around by cutting away the bark; to
girdle; as, to ring branches or roots.
3. To fit with a ring or with rings, as the fingers, or a
swine's snout.
Ring \Ring\, v. i. (Falconry)
To rise in the air spirally.
Ringbill \Ring"bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The ring-necked scaup duck; -- called also {ring-billed
blackhead}. See {Scaup}.
Ringbird \Ring"bird`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The reed bunting. It has a collar of white feathers. Called
also {ring bunting}.
Ringbolt \Ring"bolt`\, n.
An eyebolt having a ring through the eye.
Ringbone \Ring"bone`\, n. (Far.)
A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter between or on the
small pastern and the great pastern bones. --J. H. Walsh.
Ringdove \Ring"dove`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A European wild pigeon ({Columba palumbus}) having a white
crescent on each side of the neck, whence the name. Called
also {wood pigeon}, and {cushat}.
Ringed \Ringed\, a.
1. Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or rings.
2. Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully wedded. ``A
ringed wife.'' --Tennyson.
{Ringed seal} (Zo["o]l.), a North Pacific seal ({Phoca
f[oe]tida}) having ringlike spots on the body.
{Ringed snake} (Zo["o]l.), a harmless European snake
({Tropidonotus natrix}) common in England.
{Ringed worm} (Zo["o]l.), an annelid.
Ringent \Rin"gent\, a. [L. ringens, -entis, p. pr. of ringi to
open wide the mouth: cf. F. ringent.] (Bot.)
Having the lips widely separated and gaping like an open
mouth; as a ringent bilabiate corolla.
Ringer \Ring"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings
chimes on bells.
2. (Mining) A crowbar. --Simmonds.
Ringer \Ring"er\, n. (Horse Racing)
A horse that is not entitled to take part in a race, but is
fraudulently got into it.
Ringhead \Ring"head`\, n. (Cloth Manuf.)
An instrument used for stretching woolen cloth.
Ringing \Ring"ing\,
a & n. from {Ring}, v.
{Ringing engine}, a simple form of pile driver in which the
monkey is lifted by men pulling on ropes.
Ringingly \Ring"ing*ly\, adv.
In a ringing manner.
Ringleader \Ring"lead`er\, n.
1. The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the leader of a
number of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of
animals.
A primacy of order, such an one as the ringleader
hath in a dance. --Barrow.
2. Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged in the
violation of law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters,
mutineers, or the like.
The ringleaders were apprehended, tried, fined, and
imprisoned. --Macaulay.
Ringglestone \Ring"gle*stone`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The ringed dotterel, or ring plover. [Prov. Eng.]
Ringlet \Ring"let\, n. [Ring + -let.]
1. A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring.
You demi-puppets, that By moonshine do the green
sour ringlets make, Whereof the ewe not bites.
--Shak.
2. A curl; especially, a curl of hair.
[Her golden tresses] in wanton ringlets waved.
--Milton.
Ringman \Ring"man\, n.; pl. {Ringmen}.
The ring finger. [Obs.] --Ascham
Ringmaster \Ring"mas`ter\, n.
One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the
ring in a circus.
Ringneck \Ring"neck`\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of small plovers of
the genus {[AE]gialitis}, having a ring around the neck.
The ring is black in summer, but becomes brown or gray in
winter. The semipalmated plover ({[AE]. semipalmata}) and
the piping plover ({[AE]. meloda}) are common North
American species. Called also {ring plover}, and
{ring-necked plover}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The ring-necked duck.
Ring-necked \Ring"-necked`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a well defined ring of color around the neck.
{Ring-necked duck} (Zool.), an American scaup duck ({Aythya
collaris}). The head, neck, and breast of the adult male
are black, and a narrow, but conspicuous, red ring
encircles the neck. This ring is absent in the female.
Called also {ring-neck}, {ring-necked blackhead},
{ringbill}, {tufted duck}, and {black jack}.
Ringsail \Ring"sail`\, n. (Naut.)
See {Ringtail}, 2.
Ringstraked \Ring"straked`\, a.
Ring-streaked.
Cattle ringstraked, speckled, and spotted. --Gen. xxx.
39.
Ring-streaked \Ring"-streaked`\, a.
Having circular streaks or lines on the body; as,
ring-streaked goats.
Ringtail \Ring"tail`\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) A bird having a distinct band of color across
the tail, as the hen harrier.
2. (Naut.) A light sail set abaft and beyong the leech of a
boom-and-gaff sail; -- called also {ringsail}.
{Ringtail boom} (Naut.), a spar which is rigged on a boom for
setting a ringtail.
Ring-tailed \Ring"-tailed`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the tail crossed by conspicuous bands of color.
{Ring-tailed cat} (Zo["o]l.), the cacomixle.
{Ring-tailed eagle} (Zo["o]l.), a young golden eagle.
Ringtoss \Ring"toss`\, n.
A game in which the object is to toss a ring so that it will
catch upon an upright stick.
Ringworm \Ring"worm"\, n. (Med.)
A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a
vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored
patches covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs
either on the body, the face, or the scalp. Different
varieties are distinguished as {Tinea circinata}, {Tinea
tonsurans}, etc., but all are caused by the same parasite (a
species of {Trichophyton}).
Rink \Rink\, n. [Scot. renk, rink, rynk, a course, a race;
probably fr. AS. hring a ring. See {Ring}.]
1. The smooth and level extent of ice marked off for the game
of curling.
2. An artificial sheet of ice, generally under cover, used
for skating; also, a floor prepared for skating on with
roller skates, or a building with such a floor.
Rinker \Rink"er\, n.
One who skates at a rink. [Colloq.]
Rinking \Rink"ing\, n.
Skating in a rink. [Colloq.]
Rinse \Rinse\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rinsed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rinsing}.] [OE., fr. OF. rincer, rimser, reinser,
ra["i]ncier, F. rincer; of uncertain origin.]
1. To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or repeated
application of water after washing.
2. To cleancse by the introduction of water; -- applied
especially to hollow vessels; as, to rinse a bottle.
``Like a glass did break i' the rinsing.'' --Shak.
Rinse \Rinse\, n.
The act of rinsing.
Rinser \Rins"er\, n.
One who, or that which, rinses.
Riot \Ri"ot\, n. [OF. riote, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. revot,
ravot.]
1. Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult.
His headstrong riot hath no curb. --Shak.
2. Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose
festivity; revelry.
Venus loveth riot and dispense. --Chaucer.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day. --Pope.
3. (Law) The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an
unlawful assembly of three or more persons in the
execution of some private object.
{To run riot}, to act wantonly or without restraint.
Riot \Ri"ot\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rioted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rioting}.] [OF. rioter; cf. OD. ravotten.]
1. To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or wanton
manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the
like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess.
Now he exact of all, wastes in delight, Riots in
pleasure, and neglects the law. --Daniel.
No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows.
--Pope.
2. (Law) To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or
sedition. See {Riot}, n., 3. --Johnson.
Riot \Ri"ot\, v. t.
To spend or pass in riot.
[He] had rioted his life out. --Tennyson.
Rioter \Ri"ot*er\, n.
1. One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer. --Chaucer.
2. (Law) One who engages in a riot. See {Riot}, n., 3.
Riotise \Ri"ot*ise\, n.
Excess; tumult; revelry. [Obs.]
His life he led in lawless riotise. --Spenser.
Riotour \Ri"ot*our\ (-[=oo]r), n.
A rioter. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Riotous \Ri"ot*ous\, a. [OF. rioteux.]
1. Involving, or engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained;
luxurious.
The younger son . . . took his journey into a far
country, and there wasted his substance with riotous
living. --Luke xv. 13.
2. Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly or its
acts; seditious. -- {Ri"ot*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Ri"ot*ous*ness}, n.
Riotry \Ri"ot*ry\, n.
The act or practice of rioting; riot. ``Electioneering
riotry.'' --Walpole.
Rip \Rip\, n. [Cf. Icel. hrip a box or basket; perhaps akin to
E. corb. Cf. {Ripier}.]
A wicker fish basket.
Rip \Rip\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ripped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ripping}.] [Cf. AS. r[=y]pan, also Sw. repa to ripple flax,
D. repelen, G. reffen, riffeln, and E. raff, raffle. Cf.
{Raff}, {Ripple} of flax.]
1. To divide or separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing;
to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by
violence; as, to rip a garment by cutting the stitches; to
rip off the skin of a beast; to rip up a floor; --
commonly used with up, open, off.
2. To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing.
He 'll rip the fatal secret from her heart.
--Granville.
3. To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to
search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; -- usually
with up.
They ripped up all that had been done from the
beginning of the rebellion. --Clarendon.
For brethern to debate and rip up their falling out
in the ear of a common enemy . . . is neither wise
nor comely. --Milton.
4. To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or fiber.
{Ripping chisel} (Carp.), a crooked chisel for cleaning out
mortises. --Knight.
{Ripping iron}. (Shipbuilding) Same as {Ravehook}.
{Ripping saw}. (Carp.) See {Ripsaw}.
{To rip out}, to rap out, to utter hastily and violently; as,
to rip out an oath. [Colloq.] See {To rap out}, under
{Rap}, v. t.
Rip \Rip\, n.
1. A rent made by ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear;
a place torn; laceration.
2. [Perh. a corruption of the first syllable of reprobate.] A
term applied to a mean, worthless thing or person, as to a
scamp, a debauchee, or a prostitute, or a worn-out horse.
[Slang.]
3. A body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing
tides or currents.
Riparian \Ri*pa"ri*an\, a. [L. riparius, fr. ripa a bank. See
{River}, and cf. {Arrive}.]
Of or pertaining to the bank of a river; as, riparian rights.
Riparious \Ri*pa"ri*ous\, a. [L. riparius.]
Growing along the banks of rivers; riparian.
Ripe \Ripe\ (r[imac]p), n. [L. ripa.]
The bank of a river. [Obs.]
Ripe \Ripe\ (r[imac]p), a. [Compar. {Riper} (-[~e]r); superl.
{Ripest}.] [AS. r[=i]pe; akin to OS. r[=i]pi, D. rijp, G.
rief, OHG. r[=i]ft; cf. AS. r[=i]p harvest, r[=i]pan to reap.
Cf. {Reap}.]
1. Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained
perfection; mature; -- said of fruits, seeds, etc.; as,
ripe grain.
So mayst thou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou drop
Into thy mother's lap. --Milton.
2. Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow; as, ripe
cheese; ripe wine.
3. Having attained its full development; mature; perfected;
consummate. ``Ripe courage.'' --Chaucer.
He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one. --Shak.
4. Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; -- said of
sores, tumors, etc.
5. Ready for action or effect; prepared.
While things were just ripe for a war. --Addison.
I am not ripe to pass sentence on the gravest public
bodies. --Burke.
6. Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and plumpness.
Those happy smilets, That played on her ripe lip.
--Shak.
7. Intoxicated. [Obs.] ``Reeling ripe.'' --Shak.
Syn: Mature; complete; finished. See {Mature}.
Ripe \Ripe\, v. i. [AS. r[=i]pian.]
To ripen; to grow ripe. [Obs.]
Ripe \Ripe\, v. t.
To mature; to ripen. [Obs.] --Shak.
Ripely \Ripe"ly\, adv.
Maturely; at the fit time. --Shak.
Ripen \Rip"en\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ripened};p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ripening}.]
1. To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers,
and the like; as, grapes ripen in the sun.
2. To approach or come to perfection.
Ripen \Rip"en\, v. t.
1. To cause to mature; to make ripe; as, the warm days
ripened the corn.
2. To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; as,
to ripen the judgment.
When faith and love, which parted from thee never,
Had ripined thy iust soul to dwell with God.
--Milton.
Ripeness \Ripe"ness\, n. [AS. r[=i]pness.]
The state or quality of being ripe; maturity;; completeness;
perfection; as, the ripeness of grain; ripeness of manhood;
ripeness of judgment.
Time, which made them their fame outlive, To Cowley
scarce did ripeness give. --Denham.
Ripidolite \Ri*pid"o*lite\, n. [Gr. ???. ???. fan + -lite.]
(Min.)
A translucent mineral of a green color and micaceous
structure, belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous
silicate of alumina, magnesia, and iron; -- called also
{clinochlore}.
Ripienist \Ri*pi*e"nist\, n. (Mus.)
A player in the ripieno portion of an orchestra. See
{Ripieno}.
Ripieno \Ri*pi*e"no\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
Filling up; supplementary; supernumerary; -- a term applied
to those instruments which only swell the mass or tutti of an
orchestra, but are not obbligato.
Ripler \Rip"ler\, Ripper \Rip"per\, n. [Cf. {Rip} a basket, or
{Riparian}.] (O.E. Law)
One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland
towns. [Obs.]
But what's the action we are for now ? Robbing a ripper
of his fish. --Beau. & Fl.
Ripost \Ri*post"\, n. [F. riposte.]
1. In fencing, a return thrust after a parry.
2. A quick and sharp refort; a repartee. --J. Morley.
Ripper \Rip"per\, n.
1. One who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool.
2. A tool for trimming the edges of roofing slates.
3. Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc. [Slang.]
Ripple \Rip"ple\, n. [FRom {Rip}, v.]
An implement, with teeth like those of a comb, for removing
the seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, etc.
Ripple \Rip"ple\, v. t.
1. To remove the seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by
means of a ripple.
2. Hence, to scratch or tear. --Holland.
Ripple \Rip"ple\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rippled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rippling}.] [Cf. {Rimple}, {Rumple}.]
1. To become fretted or dimpled on the surface, as water when
agitated or running over a rough bottom; to be covered
with small waves or undulations, as a field of grain.
2. To make a sound as of water running gently over a rough
bottom, or the breaking of ripples on the shore.
Ripple \Rip"ple\, v. t.
To fret or dimple, as the surface of running water; to cover
with small waves or undulations; as, the breeze rippled the
lake.
Ripple \Rip"ple\, n.
1. The fretting or dimpling of the surface, as of running
water; little curling waves.
2. A little wave or undulation; a sound such as is made by
little waves; as, a ripple of laughter.
3. (physics) a small wave on the surface of water or other
liquids for which the driving force is not gravity, but
surface tension.
4. (Electrical engineering) the residual AC component in the
DC current output from a rectifier, expressed as a
percentage of the steady component of the current.
{Ripple grass}. (Bot.) See {Ribwort}.
{Ripple marks}, a system of parallel ridges on sand, produced
by wind, by the current of a steam, or by the agitation of
wind waves; also (Geol.), a system of parallel ridges on
the surface of a sandstone stratum.
Ripple-marked \Rip"ple-marked`\, a.
Having ripple marks.
Ripplet \Rip"plet\, n.
A small ripple.
Ripplingly \Rip"pling*ly\, adv.
In a rippling manner.
Ripply \Rip"ply\, a.
Having ripples; as, ripply water; hence, resembling the sound
of rippling water; as, ripply laughter; a ripply cove.
--Keats.
Riprap \Rip"rap`\, n. [Cf. {Rap}.] (Masonry)
A foundation or sustaining wall of stones thrown together
without order, as in deep water or on a soft bottom.
Riprap \Rip"rap`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Riprapped}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Riprapping}.]
To form a riprap in or upon.
Ripsaw \Rip"saw`\, [See {Rip}, v. t., 4.] (Carp.)
A handsaw with coarse teeth which have but a slight set, used
for cutting wood in the direction of the fiber; -- called
also {ripping saw}.
Riptowel \Rip"tow*el\, n. [AS. r[=i]p. harvest + a word of
uncertain etymology.] (Feud. Law)
A gratuity given to tenants after they had reaped their
lord's corn. [Obs.]
Ris \Ris\, n. [AS. hr[=i]s; akin to D. rils, G. reis, OHG.
hr[=i]s.]
A bough or branch; a twig. [Obs.]
As white as is the blossom upon the ris. --Chaucer.
Rise \Rise\, v. i. [imp. {Rose}; p. p. {Risen}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rising}.] [AS. r[=i]san; akin to OS. r[=i]san, D. rijzen,
OHG. r[=i]san to rise, fall, Icel. r[=i]sa, Goth. urreisan,
G. reise journey. CF. {Arise}, {Raise}, {Rear}, v.]
1. To move from a lower position to a higher; to ascend; to
mount up. Specifically:
(a) To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or any
other voluntary motion; as, a bird rises in the air; a
fish rises to the bait.
(b) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or vapors in
air, cork in water, and the like.
(c) To move upward under the influence of a projecting
force; as, a bullet rises in the air.
(d) To grow upward; to attain a certain height; as, this
elm rises to the height of seventy feet.
(e) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity or
bulk; to swell; as, a river rises in its bed; the
mercury rises in the thermometer.
(f) To become erect; to assume an upright position; as, to
rise from a chair or from a fall.
(g) To leave one's bed; to arise; as, to rise early.
He that would thrive, must rise by five. --Old
Proverb.
(h) To tower up; to be heaved up; as, the Alps rise far
above the sea.
(i) To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface rises
in this direction. ``A rising ground.'' --Dryden.
(j) To retire; to give up a siege.
He, rising with small honor from Gunza, . . .
was gone. --Knolles.
(k) To swell or puff up in the process of fermentation; to
become light, as dough, and the like.
2. To have the aspect or the effect of rising. Specifically:
(a) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon, stars,
and the like. ``He maketh his sun to rise on the evil
and the good.'' --Matt. v. 45.
(b) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to come
forth; to appear; as, an eruption rises on the skin;
the land rises to view to one sailing toward the
shore.
(c) To become perceptible to other senses than sight; as,
a noise rose on the air; odor rises from the flower.
(d) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate; as,
rivers rise in lakes or springs.
A scepter shall rise out of Israel. --Num. xxiv.
17.
Honor and shame from no condition rise. --Pope.
3. To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed toward a
climax. Specifically:
(a) To increase in power or fury; -- said of wind or a
storm, and hence, of passion. ``High winde . . . began
to rise, high passions -- anger, hate.'' --Milton.
(b) To become of higher value; to increase in price.
Bullion is risen to six shillings . . . the
ounce. --Locke.
(c) To become larger; to swell; -- said of a boil, tumor,
and the like.
(d) To increase in intensity; -- said of heat.
(e) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the voice.
(f) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as, his expenses
rose beyond his expectations.
4. In various figurative senses. Specifically:
(a) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go to war;
to take up arms; to rebel.
At our heels all hell should rise With blackest
insurrection. --Milton.
No more shall nation against nation rise.
--Pope.
(b) To attain to a better social position; to be promoted;
to excel; to succeed.
Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.
--Shak.
(c) To become more and more dignified or forcible; to
increase in interest or power; -- said of style,
thought, or discourse; as, to rise in force of
expression; to rise in eloquence; a story rises in
interest.
(d) To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur.
A thought rose in me, which often perplexes men
of contemplative natures. --Spectator.
(e) To come; to offer itself.
There chanced to the prince's hand to rise An
ancient book. --Spenser.
5. To ascend from the grave; to come to life.
But now is Christ risen from the dead. --1. Cor. xv.
20.
6. To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn; as, the
committee rose after agreeing to the report.
It was near nine . . . before the House rose.
--Macaulay.
7. To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher pith; as,
to rise a tone or semitone.
8. (Print.) To be lifted, or to admit of being lifted, from
the imposing stone without dropping any of the type; --
said of a form.
Syn: To arise; mount; ascend; climb; scale.
Usage: {Rise}, {Appreciate}. Some in America use the word
appreciate for ``rise in value;'' as, stocks
appreciate, money appreciates, etc. This use is not
unknown in England, but it is less common there. It is
undesirable, because rise sufficiently expresses the
idea, and appreciate has its own distinctive meaning,
which ought not to be confused with one so entirely
different.
Rise \Rise\, n.
1. The act of rising, or the state of being risen.
2. The distance through which anything rises; as, the rise of
the thermometer was ten degrees; the rise of the river was
six feet; the rise of an arch or of a step.
3. Land which is somewhat higher than the rest; as, the house
stood on a rise of land. [Colloq.]
4. Spring; source; origin; as, the rise of a stream.
All wickednes taketh its rise from the heart. --R.
Nelson.
5. Appearance above the horizon; as, the rise of the sun or
of a planet. --Shak.
6. Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price, value, rank,
property, fame, and the like.
The rise or fall that may happen in his constant
revenue by a Spanish war. --Sir W.
Temple.
7. Increase of sound; a swelling of the voice.
The ordinary rises and falls of the voice. --Bacon.
8. Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change of key;
as, a rise of a tone or semitone.
9. The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly) near the
surface of the water.
Risen \Ris"en\
1. p. p. & a. from {Rise}. ``Her risen Son and Lord.''
--Keble.
2. Obs. imp. pl. of {Rise}. --Chaucer.
Riser \Ris"er\, n.
1. One who rises; as, an early riser.
2. (Arch.)
(a) The upright piece of a step, from tread to tread.
Hence:
(b) Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform,
veranda, or the like.
3. (Mining) A shaft excavated from below upward.
4. (Founding) A feed head. See under {Feed}, n.
Rish \Rish\, n.
A rush (the plant). [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Risibility \Ris`i*bil"i*ty\, n. [CF. F. risibilit['e].]
The quality of being risible; as, risibility is peculiar to
the human species.
A strong and obvious disposition to risibility. --Sir
W. Scott.
Risible \Ris"i*ble\, a. [F., fr. L. risibilis, fr. ridere,
risum, to laugh. Cf. {Ridiculous}.]
1. Having the faculty or power of laughing; disposed to
laugh.
Laughing is our busines, . . . it has been made the
definition of man that he is risible. --Dr. H. More.
2. Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at; amusing.
``Risible absurdities.'' --Johnson.
I hope you find nothing risible in my complaisance.
--Sir W.
Scott.
3. Used in, or expressing, laughter; as, risible muscles.
Note: Risible is sometimes used as a noun, in the plural, for
the feeling of amusement and for the muscles and other
organs used in laughing, collectively; as, unable to
control one's risibles.
Syn: Ludicrous; laughable; amusing; ridiculous -- {Risible},
{Ludicrous}, {Ridiculous}.
Usage: Risible differs from ludicrous as species from genus;
ludicrous expressing that which is playful and
sportive; risible, that which may excite laughter.
Risible differs from ridiculous, as the latter implies
something contemptuous, and risible does not.
--{Ris"i*ble*ness}, n. -- {Ris"i*bly}, adv.
Rising \Ris"ing\, a.
1. Attaining a higher place; taking, or moving in, an upward
direction; appearing above the horizon; ascending; as, the
rising moon.
2. Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction; as, a rising
state; a rising character.
Among the rising theologians of Germany. --Hare.
3. Growing; advancing to adult years and to the state of
active life; as, the rising generation.
Rising \Ris"ing\, prep.
More than; exceeding; upwards of; as, a horse rising six
years of age. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.]
Rising \Ris"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, rises (in any sense).
2. That which rises; a tumor; a boil. --Lev. xiii. 10.
{Rising main} (Waterworks), the pipe through which water from
an engine is delivered to an elevated reservoir.
Risk \Risk\, n. [F. risque; cf. It. risco, risico, rischio, Pg.
risco, Sp. riesgo, and also Sp. risco a steep rock; all
probably fr. L. resceare to cut off; pref. re- re- + secare
to cut; -- the word having been probably first used among
sailors. See {Section}.]
1. Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or
destruction.
The imminent and constant risk of assassination, a
risk which has shaken very strong nerves.
--Macaulay.
2. (Com.) Hazard of loss; liabillity to loss in property.
{To run a risk}, to incur hazard; to encounter danger.
Syn: Danger; hazard; peril; jeopardy; exposure. See {Danger}.
Risk \Risk\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Risked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Risking}.] [CF. F. risquer. See {Risk}, n.]
1. To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as, to
risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in
battle; to risk one's fame by a publication.
2. To incur the risk or danger of; as, to risk a battle.
Syn: To hazard; peril; endanger; jeopard.
Risker \Risk"er\, n.
One who risks or hazards. --Hudibras.
Riskful \Risk"ful\, a.
Risky. [R.] --Geddes.
Risky \Risk"y\, a.
Attended with risk or danger; hazardous. ``A risky matter.''
--W. Collins.
Generalization are always risky. --Lowell.
Risorial \Ri*so"ri*al\, a.[L. ridere, risum, to laugh.]
Pertaining to, or producing, laughter; as, the risorial
muscles.
Risotto \Ri*sot"to\, n. [It.]
A kind of pottage.
Risse \Risse\, obs.
imp. of {Rise}. --B. Jonson.
Rissoid \Ris"soid\, n. [NL. Rissoa, the typical genus ( fr. A.
Risso, an Italian naturalist) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of very numerous species of small spiral gastropods
of the genus {Rissoa}, or family {Rissoid[ae]}, found both in
fresh and salt water.
Rissole \Ris`sole"\, n. [F., fr. rissoler to fry meat till it is
brown.] (Cookery)
A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with pastry
and fried.
Rist \Rist\, obs.
3d pers. sing. pres. of {Rise}, contracted from riseth.
--Chaucer.
Rit \Rit\, obs.
3d pers. sing. pres. of {Ride}, contracted from rideth.
--Chaucer.
Ritardando \Ri`tar*dan"do\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
Retarding; -- a direction for slower time; rallentado.
Rite \Rite\, n. [L. ritus; cf. Skr. r[=i]ti a stream, a running,
way, manner, ri to flow: cf. F. rit, rite. CF. {Rivulet}.]
The act of performing divine or solemn service, as
established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of
religion or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a
ceremony; as, the rites of freemasonry.
He looked with indifference on rites, names, and forms
of ecclesiastical polity. --Macaulay.
Syn: Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance.
Ritenuto \Ri`te*nu"to\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
Held back; holding back; ritardando.
Ritornelle \Rit`or*nelle"\, Ritornello \Ri`tor*nel"lo\, n. [It.
ritornello, dim. of ritorno return, fr. ritornare to return:
cf. F. ritournelle.] (Mus.)
(a) A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an
air, often consisting of the burden of the song.
(a) A short intermediate symphony, or instrumental passage,
in the course of a vocal piece; an interlude.
Ritratto \Ri*trat"to\, n.[It.]
A picture. --Sterne.
Ritual \Rit"u*al\, a.[L. ritualis, fr. ritus a rite: cf. F.
rituel.]
Of or pertaining to rites or ritual; as, ritual service or
sacrifices; the ritual law.
Ritual \Rit"u*al\, n. [Cf. F. rituel.]
1. A prescribed form of performing divine service in a
particular church or communion; as, the Jewish ritual.
2. Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization;
as, the ritual of the freemasons.
3. A book containing the rites to be observed.
Ritualism \Rit"u*al*ism\, n. [Cf. F. ritualisme.]
1. A system founded upon a ritual or prescribed form of
religious worship; adherence to, or observance of, a
ritual.
2. Specifically :
(a) The principles and practices of those in the Church of
England, who in the development of the Oxford
movement, so-called, have insisted upon a return to
the use in church services of the symbolic ornaments
(altar cloths, encharistic vestments, candles, etc.)
that were sanctioned in the second year of Edward VI.,
and never, as they maintain, forbidden by competennt
authority, although generally disused. Schaff-Herzog
Encyc.
(b) Also, the principles and practices of those in the
Protestant Episcopal Church who sympathize with this
party in the Church of England.
Ritualist \Rit"u*al*ist\, n. [CF. F. ritualiste.]
One skilled un, or attached to, a ritual; one who advocates
or practices ritualism.
Ritualistic \Rit`u*al*is"tic\, a.
Pertaining to, or in accordance with, a ritual; adhering to
ritualism.
Ritually \Rit"u*al*ly\, adv.
By rites, or by a particular rite.
Rivage \Riv"age\, n. [F., fr. L. ripa bank, shore.]
1. A bank, shore, or coast. [Archaic] --Spenser.
From the green rivage many a fall Of diamond rillets
musical. --Tennyson.
2. (O.Eng.Law) A duty paid to the crown for the passage of
vessels on certain rivers.
Rival \Ri"val\, n. [F. rival (cf. It. rivale), L. rivales two
neigbors having the same brook in common, rivals, fr. rivalis
belonging to a brook, fr. rivus a brook. Cf. {Rivulet},
{Rete}.]
1. A person having a common right or privilege with another;
a partner. [Obs.]
If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, The rivals of
my watch, bid them make haste. --Shak.
2. One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one
striving to reach or obtain something which another is
attempting to obtain, and which one only can posses; a
competitor; as, rivals in love; rivals for a crown.
Note: ``Rivals, in the primary sense of the word, are those
who dwell on the banks of the same stream. But since,
as all experience shows, there is no such fruitful
source of coutention as a water right, it would
continually happen that these occupants of the opposite
banks would be at strife with one another in regard of
the periods during which they severally had a right to
the use of the stream . . . And thus 'rivals' . . .
came to be used of any who were on any grounds in more
or less unfriendly competition with one another.''
--Trench.
Syn: Competitor; emulator; antagonist.
Rival \Ri"val\, a.
Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in
competition for superiority; as, rival lovers; rival claims
or pretensions.
The strenuous conflicts and alternate victories of two
rival confederacies of statesmen. --Macaulay.
Rival \Ri"val\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rivaled}or {Rivalled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Rivaling} or {Rivalling}.]
1. To stand in competition with; to strive to gain some
object in opposition to; as, to rival one in love.
2. To strive to equal or exel; to emulate.
To rival thunder in its rapid course. --Dryden.
Rival \Ri"val\, v. i.
To be in rivalry. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rivaless \Ri"val*ess\, n.
A female rival. [Obs.] --Richardson.
Rivality \Ri*val"i*ty\, n. [L. rivalitas: cf. F. rivalit['e].]
1. Rivalry; competition. [Obs.]
2. Equality, as of right or rank. [Obs.] --hak.
Rivalry \Ri"val*ry\, n.; pl. {Rivalries}.
The act of rivaling, or the state of being a rival; a
competition. ``Keen contention and eager rivalries.''
--Jeffrey.
Syn: Emulation; competition. See {Emulation}.
Rivalship \Ri"val*ship\, n.
Rivalry. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Rive \Rive\, v. t. [imp. {Rived}; p. p. {Rived} or {Riven}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Riving}.] [Icel. r[=i]fa, akin to Sw. rifva to
pull asunder, burst, tear, Dan. rive to rake, pluck, tear.
Cf. {Reef} of land, {Rifle} a gun, {Rift}, {Rivel}.]
To rend asunder by force; to split; to cleave; as, to rive
timber for rails or shingles.
I shall ryve him through the sides twain. --Chaucer.
The scolding winds have rived the knotty oaks. --Shak.
Brutus hath rived my heart. --Shak.
Rive \Rive\, v. i.
To be split or rent asunder.
Freestone rives, splits, and breaks in any direction.
--Woodward.
Rive \Rive\, n.
A place torn; a rent; a rift. [Prov. Eng.]
Rivel \Riv"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Riveled};p. pr. & vb. n.
{Riveling}.] [AS. gerifled, geriflod, gerifod, wrinkled,
geriflian, gerifian, to wrinkle. See {Rifle} a gun, {Rive}.]
To contract into wrinkles; to shrivel; to shrink; as, riveled
fruit; riveled flowers. [Obs.] --Pope. ``Riveled
parchments.'' --Walpole.
Rivel \Riv"el\, n.
A wrinkle; a rimple. [Obs.] --Holland.
Riven \Riv"en\,
p. p. & a. from {Rive}.
River \Riv"er\, n.
One who rives or splits.
River \Riv"er\, n. [F. riv[`e]re a river, LL. riparia river,
bank of a river, fr. L. riparius belonging to a bank or
shore, fr. ripa a bank or shore; of uncertain origin. Cf.
{Arrive}, {Riparian}.]
1. A large stream of water flowing in a bed or channel and
emptying into the ocean, a sea, a lake, or another stream;
a stream larger than a rivulet or brook.
Transparent and sparkling rivers, from which it is
delightful to drink as they flow. --Macaulay.
2. Fig.: A large stream; copious flow; abundance; as, rivers
of blood; rivers of oil.
{River chub} (Zo["o]l.), the hornyhead and allied species of
fresh-water fishes.
{River crab} (Zo["o]l.), any species of fresh-water crabs of
the genus {Thelphusa}, as {T. depressa} of Southern
Europe.
{River dragon}, a crocodile; -- applied by Milton to the king
of Egypt.
{River driver}, a lumberman who drives or conducts logs down
rivers. --Bartlett.
{River duck} (Zo["o]l.), any species of duck belonging to
{Anas}, {Spatula}, and allied genera, in which the hind
toe is destitute of a membranous lobe, as in the mallard
and pintail; -- opposed to sea duck.
{River god}, a deity supposed to preside over a river as its
tutelary divinity.
{River herring} (Zo["o]l.), an alewife.
{River hog}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any species of African wild hogs of the genus
{Potamoch[oe]rus}. They frequent wet places along the
rivers.
(b) The capybara.
{River horse} (Zo["o]l.), the hippopotamus.
{River jack} (Zo["o]l.), an African puff adder ({Clotho
nasicornis}) having a spine on the nose.
{River limpet} (Zo["o]l.), a fresh-water, air-breathing
mollusk of the genus {Ancylus}, having a limpet-shaped
shell.
{River pirate} (Zo["o]l.), the pike.
{River snail} (Zo["o]l.), any species of fresh-water
gastropods of {Paludina}, {Melontho}, and allied genera.
See {Pond snail}, under {Pond}.
{River tortoise} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous fresh-water
tortoises inhabiting rivers, especially those of the genus
{Trionyx} and allied genera. See {Trionyx}.
River \Riv"er\, v. i.
To hawk by the side of a river; to fly hawks at river fowl.
[Obs.] --Halliwell.
Rivered \Riv"ered\, a.
Supplied with rivers; as, a well rivered country.
Riveret \Riv"er*et\, n.
A rivulet. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Riverhood \Riv"er*hood\, n.
The quality or state of being a river. ``Useful riverhood.''
--H. Miller.
Riverling \Riv"er*ling\, n.
A rivulet. [R.] --Sylvester.
Riverside \Riv"er*side`\, n.
The side or bank of a river.
Rivery \Riv"er*y\, a.
Having rivers; as, a rivery country. --Drayton.
Rivet \Riv"et\, n. [F., fr. river to rivet; perh. fr. Icel. rifa
to fasten together. Cf. {Reef} part of a sail.]
A metallic pin with a head, used for uniting two plates or
pieces of material together, by passing it through them and
then beating or pressing down the point so that it shall
spread out and form a second head; a pin or bolt headed or
clinched at both ends.
With busy hammers closing rivets up. --Shak.
{Rivet joint}, or {Riveted joint}, a joint between two or
more pieces secured by rivets.
Rivet \Riv"et\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Riveted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Riveting}.]
1. To fasten with a rivet, or with rivets; as, to rivet two
pieces of iron.
2. To spread out the end or point of, as of a metallic pin,
rod, or bolt, by beating or pressing, so as to form a sort
of head.
3. Hence, to fasten firmly; to make firm, strong, or
immovable; as, to rivet friendship or affection.
Rivet and nail me where I stand, ye powers!
--Congreve.
Thus his confidence was riveted and confirmed. --Sir
W. Scott.
Riveter \Riv"et*er\, n.
One who rivets.
Riveting \Riv"et*ing\, n.
1. The act of joining with rivets; the act of spreading out
and clinching the end, as of a rivet, by beating or
pressing.
2. The whole set of rivets, collectively. --Tomlinsin.
{Butt riveting}, riveting in which the ends or edges of
plates form a butt joint, and are fastened together by
being riveted to a narrow strip which covers the joint.
{Chain riveting}, riveting in which the rivets, in two or
more rows along the seam, are set one behind the other.
{Crossed riveting}, riveting in which the rivets in one row
are set opposite the spaces between the rivets in the next
row.
{Double riveting}, in lap riveting, two rows of rivets along
the seam; in butt riveting, four rows, two on each side of
the joint.
{Lap riveting}, riveting in which the ends or edges of plates
overlap and are riveted together.
Rivose \Ri*vose"\, a. [From L. rivus a brook, channel.]
Marked with sinuate and irregular furrows.
Rivulet \Riv"u*let\, n. [Earlier rivolet, It. rivoletto, a dim.
fr. rivolo, L. rivulus, dim. of rivus a brook. CF. {Rival},
{Rite}.]
A small stream or brook; a streamlet.
By fountain or by shady rivulet He sought them.
--Milton.
Rixation \Rix*a"tion\, n. [L. rixari, p. p. rixatus, to brawl,
fr. rixa a quarrel.]
A brawl or quarrel. [Obs.]
Rixatrix \Rix*a"trix\, n. [L.] (Old Eng. Law)
A scolding or quarrelsome woman; a scold. --Burrill.
Rixdaler \Rix"da`ler\, n.
A Dutch silver coin, worth about $1.00.
Rix-dollar \Rix"-dol`lar\, n. [Sw. riksdaler, or Dan. rigsdaler,
or D. rijksdaalder, or G. reichsthaler, literally, dollar of
the empire or realm, fr. words akin to E. rich, and dollar.
See {Rich}, {Dollar}.]
A name given to several different silver coins of Denmark,
Holland, Sweden,, NOrway, etc., varying in value from about
30 cents to $1.10; also, a British coin worth about 36 cents,
used in Ceylon and at the Cape of Good Hope. See {Rigsdaler},
{Riksdaler}, and {Rixdaler}.
Note: Most of these pieces are now no longer coined, but some
remain in circulation.
Rizzar \Riz"zar\, v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To dry in the sun; as, rizzared haddock. [Scot.]
Roach \Roach\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A cockroach.
Roach \Roach\, n. [OE. rroche; cf. AS. reohha, D. rog, roch, G.
roche, LG. ruche, Dan. rokke ray, Sw. rocka, and E. ray a
fish.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A European fresh-water fish of the Carp family
({Leuciscus rutilus}). It is silver-white, with a
greenish back.
(b) An American chub ({Semotilus bullaris}); the fallfish.
(c) The redfin, or shiner.
2. (Naut.) A convex curve or arch cut in the edge of a sail
to prevent chafing, or to secure a better fit.
{As sound as a roach} [roach perhaps being a corruption of a
F. roche a rock], perfectly sound.
Roach \Roach\, v. t.
1. To cause to arch.
2. To cut off, as a horse's mane, so that the part left shall
stand upright.
Roach-backed \Roach"-backed`\, a.
Having a back like that of roach; -- said of a horse whose
back a convex instead of a concave curve.
Road \Road\, n. [AS. r[=a]d a riding, that on which one rides or
travels, a road, fr. r[=i]dan to ride. See {Ride}, and cf.
{Raid}.]
1. A journey, or stage of a journey. [Obs.]
With easy roads he came to Leicester. --Shak.
2. An inroad; an invasion; a raid. [Obs.] --Spenser.
3. A place where one may ride; an open way or public passage
for vehicles, persons, and animals; a track for travel,
forming a means of communication between one city, town,
or place, and another.
The most villainous house in all the London road.
--Shak.
Note: The word is generally applied to highways, and as a
generic term it includes highway, street, and lane.
4. [Possibly akin to Icel. rei[eth]i the rigging of a ship,
E. ready.] A place where ships may ride at anchor at some
distance from the shore; a roadstead; -- often in the
plural; as, Hampton Roads. --Shak.
Now strike your saile, ye jolly mariners, For we be come
unto a quiet rode [road]. --Spenser.
{On}, or {Upon}, {the road}, traveling or passing over a
road; coming or going; on the way.
My hat and wig will soon be here, They are upon the
road. --Cowper.
{Road agent}, a highwayman, especially on the stage routes of
the unsettled western parts of the United States; -- a
humorous euphemism. [Western U.S.]
The highway robber -- road agent he is quaintly
called. --The century.
{Road book}, a quidebook in respect to roads and distances.
{Road metal}, the broken, stone used in macadamizing roads.
{Road roller}, a heavy roller, or combinations of rollers,
for making earth, macadam, or concrete roads smooth and
compact. -- often driven by steam.
{Road runner} (Zo["o]l.), the chaparral cock.
{Road steamer}, a locomotive engine adapted to running on
common roads.
{To go on the road}, to engage in the business of a
commercial traveler. [Colloq.]
{To take the road}, to begin or engage in traveling.
{To take to the road}, to engage in robbery upon the
highways.
Syn: Way; highway; street; lane; pathway; route; passage;
course. See {Way}.
Roadbed \Road"bed`\, n.
In railroads, the bed or foundation on which the
superstructure (ties, rails, etc.) rests; in common roads,
the whole material laid in place and ready for travel.
Roadless \Road"less\, a.
Destitute of roads.
Roadmaker \Road"mak`er\, n.
One who makes roads.
Roadside \Road"side`\, n.
Land adjoining a road or highway; the part of a road or
highway that borders the traveled part. Also used ajectively.
Roadstead \Road"stead\, n. [Road, 4 + stead a place.]
An anchorage off shore. Same as {Road}, 4.
Moored in the neighboring roadstead. --Longfellow.
Roadster \Road"ster\, n.
1. (Naut.) A clumsy vessel that works its way from one
anchorage to another by means of the tides. --Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
2. A horse that is accustomed to traveling on the high road,
or is suitable for use on ordinary roads.
A sound, swift, well-fed hunter and roadster.
--Thackeray.
3. A bicycle or tricycle adapted for common roads rather than
for the racing track.
4. One who drives much; a coach driver. [Eng.]
5. A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of following the
hounds across country. [Eng. Slang.]
Roadway \Road"way`\, n.
A road; especially, the part traveled by carriages. --Shak.
Roam \Roam\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Roamed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Roaming}.] [OE. romen, ramen; cf. AS. [=a]r?man to raise,
rise, D. ramen to hit, plan, aim, OS. r?m?n to strive after,
OHG. r[=a]men. But the word was probably influenced by Rome;
cf. OF. romier a pilgrim, originally, a pilgrim going to
Rome, It. romeo, Sp. romero. Cf. {Ramble}.]
To go from place to place without any certain purpose or
direction; to rove; to wander.
He roameth to the carpenter's house. --Chaucer.
Daphne roaming through a thorny wood. --Shak.
Syn: To wander; rove; range; stroll; ramble.
Roam \Roam\, v. t.
To range or wander over.
And now wild beasts came forth the woods to roam.
--Milton.
Roam \Roam\, n.
The act of roaming; a wandering; a ramble; as, he began his
roam o'er hill amd dale. --Milton.
Roamer \Roam"er\, n.
One who roams; a wanderer.
Roan \Roan\, a. [F. rouan; cf. Sp. roano, ruano, It. rovano,
roano.]
1. Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray
or white thickly interspersed; -- said of a horse.
Give my roan a drench. --Shak.
2. Made of the leather called roan; as, roan binding.
{Roan antelope} (Zo["o]l.), a very large South African
antelope ({Hippotragus equinus}). It has long sharp horns
and a stiff bright brown mane. Called also {mahnya},
{equine antelope}, and {bastard gemsbok}.
Roan \Roan\, n.
1. The color of a roan horse; a roan color.
2. A roan horse.
3. A kind of leather used for slippers, bookbinding, etc.,
made from sheepskin, tanned with sumac and colored to
imitate ungrained morocco. --DeColange.
{Roan tree}. (Bot.) See {Rowan tree}.
Roar \Roar\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Roared}; p. pr. & vvb. n.
{Roaring}.] [OE. roren, raren, AS. r[=a]rian; akin to G.
r["o]hten, OHG. r?r?n. [root]112.]
1. To cry with a full, loud, continued sound. Specifically:
(a) To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion or
other beast.
Roaring bulls he would him make to tame.
--Spenser.
(b) To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or anger.
Sole on the barren sands, the suffering chief
Roared out for anguish, and indulged his grief.
--Dryden.
He scorned to roar under the impressions of a
finite anger. --South.
2. To make a loud, confused sound, as winds, waves, passing
vehicles, a crowd of persons when shouting together, or
the like.
The brazen throat of war had ceased to roar.
--Milton.
How oft I crossed where carts and coaches roar.
--Gay.
3. To be boisterous; to be disorderly.
It was a mad, roaring time, full of extravagance.
--Bp. Burnet.
4. To laugh out loudly and continuously; as, the hearers
roared at his jokes.
5. To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses having a
certain disease. See {Roaring}, 2.
{Roaring boy}, a roaring, noisy fellow; -- name given, at the
latter end Queen Elizabeth's reign, to the riotous fellows
who raised disturbances in the street. ``Two roaring boys
of Rome, that made all split.'' --Beau. & Fl.
{Roaring forties} (Naut.), a sailor's name for the stormy
tract of ocean between 40[deg] and 50[deg] north latitude.
Roar \Roar\, v. t.
To cry aloud; to proclaim loudly.
This last action will roar thy infamy. --Ford.
Roar \Roar\, n.
The sound of roaring. Specifically:
(a) The deep, loud cry of a wild beast; as, the roar of a
lion.
(b) The cry of one in pain, distress, anger, or the like.
(c) A loud, continuous, and confused sound; as, the roar of a
cannon, of the wind, or the waves; the roar of ocean.
Arm! arm! it is, it is the cannon's opening roar!
--Byron.
(d) A boisterous outcry or shouting, as in mirth.
Pit, boxes, and galleries were in a constant roar
of laughter. --Macaulay.
Roarer \Roar"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, roars. Specifically:
(a) A riotous fellow; a roaring boy.
A lady to turn roarer, and break glasses.
--Massinger.
(b) (Far.) A horse subject to roaring. See {Roaring}, 2.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The barn owl. [Prov. Eng.]
Roaring \Roar"ing\, n.
1. A loud, deep, prolonged sound, as of a large beast, or of
a person in distress, anger, mirth, etc., or of a noisy
congregation.
2. (Far.) An affection of the windpipe of a horse, causing a
loud, peculiar noise in breathing under exertion; the
making of the noise so caused. See {Roar}, v. i., 5.
Roaringly \Roar"ing*ly\, adv.
In a roaring manner.
Roast \Roast\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Roasted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Roasting}.] [OE. rosten, OF. rostir, F. r[^o]tir; of German
origin; cf. OHG. r[=o]sten, G. r["o]sten, fr. OHG. r[=o]st,
r[=o]sta, gridiron, G. rost; cf. AS. hyrstan to roast.]
1. To cook by exposure to radiant heat before a fire; as, to
roast meat on a spit, or in an oven open toward the fire
and having reflecting surfaces within; also, to cook in a
close oven.
2. To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes, sand, etc.;
as, to roast a potato in ashes.
In eggs boiled and roasted there is scarce
difference to be discerned. --BAcon.
3. To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to roast coffee;
to roast chestnuts, or peanuts.
4. Hence, to heat to excess; to heat violently; to burn.
``Roasted in wrath and fire.'' --Shak.
5. (Metal.) To dissipate by heat the volatile parts of, as
ores.
6. To banter severely. [Colloq.] --Atterbury.
Roast \Roast\, v. i.
1. To cook meat, fish, etc., by heat, as before the fire or
in an oven.
He could roast, and seethe, and broil, and fry.
--Chaucer.
2. To undergo the process of being roasted.
Roast \Roast\, n.
That which is roasted; a piece of meat which has been
roasted, or is suitable for being roasted.
A fat swan loved he best of any roost [roast].
--Chaucer.
{To rule the roast}, to be at the head of affairs. ``The
new-made duke that rules the roast.''
--Shak.
Roast \Roast\, a. [For roasted.]
Roasted; as, roast beef.
Roaster \Roast"er\, n.
1. One who roasts meat.
2. A contrivance for roasting.
3. A pig, or other article of food fit for roasting.
Roasting \Roast"ing\,
a. & n., from {Roast}, v.
{Roasting ear}, an ear of Indian corn at that stage of
development when it is fit to be eaten roasted.
{Roasting jack}, a machine for turning a spit on which meat
is roasted.
Rob \Rob\, n. [F.; cf. Sp. rob, It. rob, robbo, Pg. robe,
arrobe, Ar. rubb, robb, Per. rub.]
The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, obtained by evaporation
of the juice over a fire till it acquires the consistence of
a sirup. It is sometimes mixed with honey or sugar. [Written
also {rhob}, and {rohob}.]
Rob \Rob\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Robbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Robbing}.] [OF. rober, of German origin; cf. OHG. roub?n, G.
rauben, and OHG. roub robbing, booty, G. raub. [root]114. See
{Reave},and cf. {Robe}.]
1. To take (something) away from by force; to strip by
stealing; to plunder; to pillage; to steal from.
Who would rob a hermit of his weeds, His few books,
or his beads, or maple dish? --Milton.
He that is robbed, not wanting what is stolen, Let
him not know it, and he's not robbed at all. --Shak.
To be executed for robbing a church. --Shak.
2. (Law) To take the property of (any one) from his person,
or in his presence, feloniously, and against his will, by
violence or by putting him in fear.
3. To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously;
to defraud; as, to rob one of his rest, or of his good
name; a tree robs the plants near it of sunlight.
I never robbed the soldiers of their pay. --Shak.
Rob \Rob\, v. i.
To take that which belongs to another, without right or
permission, esp. by violence.
I am accursed to rob in that thief's company. --Shak.
Roband \Rob"and\, n. (Naut.)
See {Roperand}.
Robber \Rob"ber\, n.
One who robs; in law, one who feloniously takes goods or
money from the person of another by violence or by putting
him in fear.
Some roving robber calling to his fellows. --Milton.
Syn: Thief; depredator; despoiler; plunderer; pillager;
rifler; brigang; freebooter; pirate. See {Thief}.
{Robber crab}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A purse crab.
(b) Any hermit crab.
{Robber fly}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Hornet fly}, under
{Hornet}.
{Robber gull} (Zo["o]l.), a jager gull.
Robbery \Rob"ber*y\, n.; pl. {Robberies}. [OF. roberie.]
1. The act or practice of robbing; theft.
Thieves for their robbery have authority When judges
steal themselves. --Shak.
2. (Law) The crime of robbing. See {Rob}, v. t., 2.
Note: Robbery, in a strict sense, differs from theft, as it
is effected by force or intimidation, whereas theft is
committed by stealth, or privately.
Syn: Theft; depredation; spoliation; despoliation;
despoilment; plunder; pillage; rapine; larceny;
freebooting; piracy.
Robbin \Rob"bin\, n. (Com.)
A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities
are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The robbin of
rice in Malabar weighs about 84 pounds. --Simmonds.
Robbin \Rob"bin\, n. (Naut.)
See {Ropeband}.
Robe \Robe\, n. [F., fr. LL. rauba a gown, dress, garment;
originally, booty, plunder. See {Rob}, v. t., and cf.
{Rubbish}.]
1. An outer garment; a dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant
style or make; hence, a dress of state, rank, office, or
the like.
Through tattered clothes small vices do appear;
Robes and furred gowns hide all. --Shak.
2. A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the bison,
dressed with the fur on, and used as a wrap. [U.S.]
{Master of the robes}, an officer of the English royal
household (when the sovereign is a king) whose duty is
supposed to consist in caring for the royal robes.
{Mistress of the robes}, a lady who enjoys the highest rank
of the ladies in the service of the English sovereign
(when a queen), and is supposed to have the care her
robes.
Robe \Robe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Robed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Robing}.]
To invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as,
fields robed with green.
The sage Chaldeans robed in white appeared. --Pope.
Such was his power over the expression of his
countenance, that he could in an instant shake off the
sternness of winter, and robe it in the brightest
smiles of spring. --Wirt.
Robe-de-chambre \Robe`-de-cham"bre\, n. [F., lit., a chamber
gown.]
A dressing gown, or morning gown.
Roberdsman \Rob"erds*man\, Robertsman \Rob"erts*man\, n.; pl.
{-men}. (Old Statutes of Eng.)
A bold, stout robber, or night thief; -- said to be so called
from Robin Hood.
Robert \Rob"ert\, n. (Bot.)
See {Herb Robert}, under {Herb}.
Robin \Rob"in\, n. [Properly a pet name for Robert, originally
meaning, famebright; F., fron OHG. Roudperht; ruod (in comp.;
akin to AS. hr?? glory, fame, Goth. hr?peigs victorius) +
beraht bright. See {Bright}, {Hob} a clown.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small European singing bird ({Erythacus rubecula}),
having a reddish breast; -- called also {robin
redbreast}, {robinet}, and {ruddock}.
(b) An American singing bird ({Merula migratoria}), having
the breast chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts are
olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called also
{robin redbreast}, and {migratory thrush}.
(c) Any one of several species of Australian warblers of the
genera {Petroica}, {Melanadrays}, and allied genera; as,
the scarlet-breasted robin ({Petroica mullticolor}).
(d) Any one of several Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins.
See {Indian robin}, below.
{Beach robin} (Zo["o]l.), the robin snipe, or knot. See
{Knot}.
{Blue-throated robin}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Bluethroat}.
{Canada robin} (Zo["o]l.), the cedar bird.
{Golden robin} (Zo["o]l.), the Baltimore oriole.
{Ground robin} (Zo["o]l.), the chewink.
{Indian robin} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
Asiatic saxoline birds of the genera {Thamnobia} and
{Pratincola}. They are mostly black, usually with some
white on the wings.
{Magrie robin} (Zo["o]l.), an Asiatic singing bird ({Corsycus
saularis}), having the back, head, neck, and breast black
glossed with blue, the wings black, and the belly white.
{Ragged robin}. (Bot.) See under {Ragged}.
{Robin accentor} (Zo["o]l.), a small Asiatic singing bird
({Accentor rubeculoides}), somewhat resembling the
European robin.
{Robin redbreast}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European robin.
(b) The American robin.
(c) The American bluebird.
{Robin snipe}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The red-breasted snipe, or dowitcher.
(b) The red-breasted sandpiper, or knot.
{Robin's plantain}. (Bot.) See under {Plantain}.
{Sea robin}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of American gurnards of the
genus {Prionotus}. They are excellent food fishes. Called
also {wingfish}. The name is also applied to a European
gurnard.
(b) The red-breasted merganser, or sheldrake. [Local, U.S.]
{Water robin} (Zo["o]l.), a redstart ({Ruticulla
fuliginosa}), native of India.
Robinet \Rob"i*net\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The chaffinch; -- called also {roberd}.
(b) The European robin.
2. A military engine formerly used for throwing darts and
stones.
Robing \Rob"ing\, n.
The act of putting on a robe.
{Robing room}, a room where official robes are put on, as by
judges, etc.
Robin Goodfellow \Rob"in Good"fel`low\
A celebrated fairy; Puck. See {Puck}. --Shak.
Robinia \Ro*bin"i*a\, n. [NL. So called after Jean Robin, a
French herbalist.] (Bot.)
A genus of leguminous trees including the common locust of
North America ({Robinia Pseudocacia}).
Roborant \Rob"o*rant\, a. [L. roborans, p. pr. See {Roborate}.]
Strengthening. -- n. (Med.) A strengthening medicine; a
tonic.
Roborate \Rob"o*rate\, v. t. [L. roboratus, p. pr. of roborare
to strengthen, fr. robur, roboris, strength.]
To give strength or support to; to confirm. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Roboration \Rob`o*ra"tion\, n. [LL. roboratio.]
The act of strengthening. [Obs.] --Coles.
Roborean \Ro*bo"re*an\, Roboreous \Ro*bo"re*ous\, a. [L.
roboreus.]
Made of oak. [Obs.]
Robust \Ro*bust"\, a. [L. robustus oaken, hard, strong, fr.
robur strength, a very hard kind of oak; cf. Skr. rabhas
violence: cf. F. robuste.]
1. Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong;
sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body;
robust youth; robust health.
2. Violent; rough; rude.
While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry
robust. --Thomson.
3. Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment.
--Locke.
Syn: Strong; lusty; sinewy; sturdy; muscular; hale; hearty;
vigorous; forceful; sound.
Usage: {Robust}, {Strong}. Robust means, literally, made of
oak, and hence implies great compactness and toughness
of muscle, connected with a thick-set frame and great
powers of endurance. Strong denotes the power of
exerting great physical force. The robust man can bear
heat or cold, excess or privation, and toil on through
every kind of hardship; the strong man can lift a
great weight, can give a heavy blow, and a hard gripe.
``Robust, tough sinews bred to toil.'' --Cowper.
Then 'gan the villain wax so fierce and strong,
That nothing may sustain his furious force.
--Spenser.
Robustious \Ro*bus"tious\, a. [Cf. L. robusteus of oak.]
Robust. [Obs. or Humorous] --W. Irving.
In Scotland they had handled the bishops in a more
robustious manner. --Milton.
-- {Ro*bus"tious*ly}, adv. -- {Ro*bus"tious*ness}, n.
Robustly \Ro*bust"ly\, adv.
In a robust manner.
Robustness \Ro*bust"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being robust.
Roc \Roc\, n. [Ar. & Per. rokh or rukh. Cf. {Rook} a castle.]
A monstrous bird of Arabian mythology. [Written also {rock},
and {rukh}.] --Brande & C.
Rocambole \Roc"am*bole\, n. [F.] [Written also {rokambole}.]
(Bot.)
A name of {Allium Scorodoprasum} and {A. Ascalonium}, two
kinds of garlic, the latter of which is also called
{shallot}.
Roccellic \Roc*cel"lic\, a. [F. roccellique, fr. roccelle
archil, It. & NL. roccella, fr. It. rocca a rock, because
archil grows on rock.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic
series found in archil ({Roccella tinctoria}, etc.), and
other lichens, and extracted as a white crystalline substance
{C17H32O4}.
Roccellin \Roc*cel"lin\, n.
A red dyestuff, used as a substitute for cochineal, archil,
etc. It consists of the sodium salt of a complex azo
derivative of naphtol.
Roche \Roche\, n. [See {Rock}.]
Rock. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Roche alum \Roche" al`um\ (Chem.)
A kind of alum occuring in small fragments; -- so called from
Rocca, in Syria, whence alum is said to have been obtained;
-- also called {rock alum}.
Rochelime \Roche"lime`\, n. [F. roche rock + E. lime.]
Lime in the lump after it is burned; quicklime. [Eng.]
Rochelle \Ro*chelle"\, n.
A seaport town in France.
{Rochelle powders}. Same as {Seidlitz powders}.
{Rochelle salt} (Chem.), the double tartrate of sodium and
potassium, a white crystalline substance. It has a
cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste and is employed as
a mild purgative. It was discovered by Seignette, an
apothecary of Rochelle, and is called also {Seignete's
salt}.
Roche moutonn'ee \Roche" mou`ton`n['e]e"\ [F., sheep-shaped
rock.] (Geol.)
See {Sheepback}.
Rochet \Roch"et\, n. [F., dim. fr. OHG. rocch coat, G. rock.]
1. (Eccl.) A linen garment resembling the surplise, but with
narrower sleeves, also without sleeves, worn by bishops,
and by some other ecclesiastical dignitaries, in certain
religious ceremonies.
They see no difference between an idler with a hat
and national cockade, and an idler in a cowl or in a
rochet. --Burke.
2. A frock or outer garment worn in the thirteenth and
fourteenth centuries. [Obs.] --Rom. of R.
Rochet \Roch"et\, n. [Probably corrupted fr. F. rouget the red
gurnet, from rouge red. CF. {Rouge}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The red gurnard, or gurnet. See {Gurnard}.
Roching cask \Roch"ing cask`\ [Probably from F. roche a rock.]
A tank in which alum is crystallized from a solution.
Rock \Rock\, n.
See {Roc}.
Rock \Rock\, n. [OE. rocke; akin to D. rok, rokken, G. rocken,
OHG. roccho, Dan. rok, Icel. rokkr. Cf. {Rocket} a firework.]
A distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which
flax is arranged, and from which the thread is drawn in
spinning. --Chapman.
Sad Clotho held the rocke, the whiles the thread By
grisly Lachesis was spun with pain, That cruel Atropos
eftsoon undid. --Spenser.
Rock \Rock\, n. [OF. roke, F. roche; cf. Armor. roc'h, and AS.
rocc.]
1. A large concreted mass of stony material; a large fixed
stone or crag. See {Stone}.
Come one, come all! this rock shall fly From its
firm base as soon as I. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. (Geol.) Any natural deposit forming a part of the earth's
crust, whether consolidated or not, including sand, earth,
clay, etc., when in natural beds.
3. That which resembles a rock in firmness; a defense; a
support; a refuge.
The Lord is my rock, and my fortress. --2 Sam. xxii.
2.
4. Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck resembling
the wreck of a vessel upon a rock.
5. (Zo["o]l.) The striped bass. See under {Bass}.
Note: This word is frequently used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, rock-bound, rock-built,
rock-ribbed, rock-roofed, and the like.
{Rock alum}. [Probably so called by confusion with F. roche a
rock.] Same as {Roche alum}.
{Rock barnacle} (Zo["o]l.), a barnacle ({Balanus balanoides})
very abundant on rocks washed by tides.
{Rock bass}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The stripped bass. See under {Bass}.
(b) The goggle-eye.
(c) The cabrilla. Other species are also locally called
rock bass.
{Rock builder} (Zo["o]l.), any species of animal whose
remains contribute to the formation of rocks, especially
the corals and Foraminifera.
{Rock butter} (Min.), native alum mixed with clay and oxide
of iron, usually in soft masses of a yellowish white
color, occuring in cavities and fissures in argillaceous
slate.
{Rock candy}, a form of candy consisting of crystals of pure
sugar which are very hard, whence the name.
{Rock cavy}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Moco}.
{Rock cod} (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small, often reddish or brown, variety of the cod
found about rocks andledges.
(b) A California rockfish.
{Rock cook}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A European wrasse ({Centrolabrus exoletus}).
(b) A rockling.
{Rock cork} (Min.), a variety of asbestus the fibers of which
are loosely interlaced. It resembles cork in its texture.
{Rock crab} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of large
crabs of the genus {Cancer}, as the two species of the New
England coast ({C. irroratus} and {C. borealis}). See
Illust. under {Cancer}.
{Rock cress} (Bot.), a name of several plants of the cress
kind found on rocks, as {Arabis petr[ae]a}, {A. lyrata},
etc.
{Rock crystal} (Min.), limpid quartz. See {Quartz}, and under
{Crystal}.
{Rock dove} (Zo["o]l.), the rock pigeon; -- called also {rock
doo}.
{Rock drill}, an implement for drilling holes in rock; esp.,
a machine impelled by steam or compressed air, for
drilling holes for blasting, etc.
{Rock duck} (Zo["o]l.), the harlequin duck.
{Rock eel}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Gunnel}.
{Rock goat} (Zo["o]l.), a wild goat, or ibex.
{Rock hopper} (Zo["o]l.), a penguin of the genus
{Catarractes}. See under {Penguin}.
{Rock kangaroo}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Kangaroo}, and {Petrogale}.
{Rock lobster} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
large spinose lobsters of the genera {Panulirus} and
{Palinurus}. They have no large claws. Called also {spiny
lobster}, and {sea crayfish}.
{Rock meal} (Min.), a light powdery variety of calcite
occuring as an efflorescence.
{Rock milk}. (Min.) See {Agaric mineral}, under {Agaric}.
{Rock moss}, a kind of lichen; the cudbear. See {Cudbear}.
{Rock oil}. See {Petroleum}.
{Rock parrakeet} (Zo["o]l.), a small Australian parrakeet
({Euphema petrophila}), which nests in holes among the
rocks of high cliffs. Its general color is yellowish olive
green; a frontal band and the outer edge of the wing
quills are deep blue, and the central tail feathers bluish
green.
{Rock pigeon} (Zo["o]l.), the wild pigeon ({Columba livia})
Of Europe and Asia, from which the domestic pigeon was
derived. See Illust. under {Pigeon}.
{Rock pipit}. (Zo["o]l.) See the Note under {Pipit}.
{Rock plover}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The black-bellied, or whistling, plover.
(b) The rock snipe.
{Rock ptarmigan} (Zo["o]l.), an arctic American ptarmigan
({Lagopus rupestris}), which in winter is white, with the
tail and lores black. In summer the males are grayish
brown, coarsely vermiculated with black, and have black
patches on the back.
{Rock rabbit} (Zo["o]l.), the hyrax. See {Cony}, and {Daman}.
{Rock ruby} (Min.), a fine reddish variety of garnet.
{Rock salt} (Min.), cloride of sodium (common salt) occuring
in rocklike masses in mines; mineral salt; salt dug from
the earth. In the United States this name is sometimes
given to salt in large crystals, formed by evaporation
from sea water in large basins or cavities.
{Rock seal} (Zo["o]l.), the harbor seal. See {Seal}.
{Rock shell} (Zo["o]l.), any species of Murex, Purpura, and
allied genera.
{Rock snake} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several large pythons;
as, the royal rock snake ({Python regia}) of Africa, and
the rock snake of India ({P. molurus}). The Australian
rock snakes mostly belong to the allied genus {Morelia}.
{Rock snipe} (Zo["o]l.), the purple sandpiper ({Tringa
maritima}); -- called also {rock bird}, {rock plover},
{winter snipe}.
{Rock soap} (Min.), a kind of clay having a smooth, greasy
feel, and adhering to the tongue.
{Rock sparrow}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of Old World sparrows of
the genus {Petronia}, as {P. stulla}, of Europe.
(b) A North American sparrow ({Puc[ae]a ruficeps}).
{Rock tar}, petroleum.
{Rock thrush} (Zo["o]l.), any Old World thrush of the genus
{Monticola}, or {Petrocossyphus}; as, the European rock
thrush ({M. saxatilis}), and the blue rock thrush of India
({M. cyaneus}), in which the male is blue throughout.
{Rock tripe} (Bot.), a kind of lichen ({Umbilicaria
Dillenii}) growing on rocks in the northen parts of
America, and forming broad, flat, coriaceous, dark fuscous
or blackish expansions. It has been used as food in cases
of extremity.
{Rock trout} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of marine
food fishes of the genus {Hexagrammus}, family
{Chirad[ae]}, native of the North Pacific coasts; --
called also {sea trout}, {boregat}, {bodieron}, and
{starling}.
{Rock warbler} (Zo["o]l.), a small Australian singing bird
({Origma rubricata}) which frequents rocky ravines and
water courses; -- called also {cataract bird}.
{Rock wren} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of wrens
of the genus {Salpinctes}, native of the arid plains of
Lower California and Mexico.
Rock \Rock\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rocked};p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rocking}.] [AS. roccian; akin to Dan. rokke to move, to
snake; cf. Icel. rukkja to pull, move, G. r["u]cken to move,
push, pull.]
1. To cause to sway backward and forward, as a body resting
on a support beneath; as, to rock a cradle or chair; to
cause to vibrate; to cause to reel or totter.
A rising earthquake rocked the ground. --Dryden.
2. To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep by rocking;
to still; to quiet. ``Sleep rock thy brain.'' --Shak.
Note: Rock differs from shake, as denoting a slower, less
violent, and more uniform motion, or larger movements.
It differs from swing, which expresses a vibratory
motion of something suspended.
Rock \Rock\, v. i.
1. To move or be moved backward and forward; to be violently
agitated; to reel; to totter.
The rocking town Supplants their footsteps. --J.
Philips .
2. To roll or saway backward and forward upon a support; as,
to rock in a rocking-chair.
Rockaway \Rock"a*way\, [Probably from Rockaway beach, where it
was used.]
Formerly, a light, low, four-wheeled carriage, with standing
top, open at the sides, but having waterproof curtains which
could be let down when occasion required; now, a somewhat
similar, but heavier, carriage, inclosed, except in front,
and having a door at each side.
Rockelay \Rock"e*lay\, Rocklay \Rock"lay\, n.
See {Rokelay}. [Scot.]
Rocker \Rock"er\, n.
1. One who rocks; specifically, one who rocks a cradle.
It was I, sir, said the rocker, who had the honor,
some thirty years since, to attend on your highness
in your infancy. --Fuller.
2. One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on which a
cradle, chair, etc., rocks.
3. Any implement or machine working with a rocking motion, as
a trough mounted on rockers for separating gold dust from
gravel, etc., by agitation in water.
4. A play horse on rockers; a rocking-horse.
5. A chair mounted on rockers; a rocking-chair.
6. A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling in shape
the rocker of a cradle.
7. (Mach.) Same as {Rock shaft}.
{Rocker arm} (Mach.), an arm borne by a rock shaft.
Rockered \Rock"ered\, a. (Naut.)
Shaped like a rocker; curved; as, a rockered keel.
Rockery \Rock"er*y\, n. (Gardening)
A mound formed of fragments of rock, earth, etc., and set
with plants.
Rocket \Rock"et\, n. [F. roquette (cf. Sp. ruqueta, It
ruchetta), fr. L. eruca.] (Bot.)
(a) A cruciferous plant ({Eruca sativa}) sometimes eaten in
Europe as a salad.
(b) Damewort.
(c) Rocket larkspur. See below.
{Dyer's Rocket}. (Bot.) See {Dyer's broom}, under {Broom}.
{Rocket larkspur} (Bot.), an annual plant with showy flowers
in long racemes ({Delphinium Ajacis}).
{Sea rocket} (Bot.), either of two fleshy cruciferous plants
({Cakile maritima} and {C. Americana}) found on the
seashore of Europe and America.
{Yellow rocket} (Bot.), a common cruciferous weed with yellow
flowers ({Barbarea vulgaris}).
Rocket \Rock"et\, n. [It. rocchetta, fr. rocca a distaff, of
German origin. Named from the resemblance in shape to a
distaff. See {Rock} a distaff.]
1. An artificial firework consisting of a cylindrical case of
paper or metal filled with a composition of combustible
ingredients, as niter, charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened
to a guiding stick. The rocket is projected through the
air by the force arising from the expansion of the gases
liberated by combustion of the composition. Rockets are
used as projectiles for various purposes, for signals, and
also for pyrotechnic display.
2. A blunt lance head used in the joust.
{Congreve rocket}, a powerful form of rocket for use in war,
invented by Sir William Congreve. It may be used either in
the field or for bombardment; in the former case, it is
armed with shells or case shot; in the latter, with a
combustible material inclosed in a metallic case, which is
inextinguishable when kindled, and scatters its fire on
every side.
Rocket \Rock"et\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rocketed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Rocketing}.] (Sporting)
To rise straight up; said of birds; usually in the present
participle or as an adjective. [Eng.]
An old cock pheasant came rocketing over me. --H. R.
Haggard.
Rocketer \Rock"et*er\, n. (Sporting)
A bird, especially a pheasant, which, being flushed, rises
straight in the air like a rocket. [Eng.]
Rockfish \Rock"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several California scorp[ae]noid food fishes
of the genus {Sebastichthys}, as the red rockfish ({S.
ruber}). They are among the most important of California
market fishes. Called also {rock cod}, and {garrupa}.
(b) The striped bass. See {Bass}.
(c) Any one of several species of Florida and Bermuda
groupers of the genus {Epinephelus}.
(d) An American fresh-water darter; the log perch.
Note: The term is locally applied to various other fishes.
Rockiness \Rock"i*ness\, n. [From {Rocky}.]
The state or quality of being rocky.
Rocking \Rock"ing\, a.
Having a swaying, rolling, or back-and-forth movement; used
for rocking.
{Rocking shaft}. (Mach.) See {Rock shaft}.
Rocking-chair \Rock"ing-chair`\, n.
A chair mounted on rockers, in which one may rock.
Rocking-horse \Rock"ing-horse`\, n.
The figure of a horse, mounted upon rockers, for children to
ride.
Rocking-stone \Rock"ing-stone`\, n.
A stone, often of great size and weight, resting upon another
stone, and so exactly poised that it can be rocked, or
slightly moved, with but little force.
Rockless \Rock"less\, a.
Being without rocks. --Dryden.
Rockling \Rock"ling\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of small marine fishes of the genera {Onos} and
{Rhinonemus} (formerly {Motella}), allied to the cod. They
have three or four barbels.
Rockrose \Rock"rose`\, n. (Bot.)
A name given to any species of the genus {Helianthemum}, low
shrubs or herbs with yellow flowers, especially the European
{H. vulgare} and the American frostweed, {H. Canadense}.
{Cretan rockrose}, a related shrub ({Cistus Creticus}), one
of the plants yielding the fragrant gum called ladanum.
Rock shaft \Rock" shaft`\ [Cf. {Rock}, v. i.] (Mach.)
A shaft that oscillates on its journals, instead of
revolving, -- usually carrying levers by means of which it
receives and communicates reciprocating motion, as in the
valve gear of some steam engines; -- called also {rocker},
{rocking shaft}, and {way shaft}.
Rock staff \Rock" staff`\ [Cf. {Rock}, v. i.]
An oscillating bar in a machine, as the lever of the bellows
of a forge.
Rocksucker \Rock"suck`er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A lamprey.
Rockweed \Rock"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
Any coarse seaweed growing on sea-washed rocks, especially
Fucus.
Rockwood \Rock"wood`\, n. (Min.)
Ligniform asbestus; also, fossil wood.
Rockwork \Rock"work`\, n.
1. (Arch.) Stonework in which the surface is left broken and
rough.
2. (Gardening) A rockery.
Rocky \Rock"y\, a.
1. Full of, or abounding in, rocks; consisting of rocks; as,
a rocky mountain; a rocky shore.
2. Like a rock; as, the rocky orb of a shield. --Milton.
3. Fig.: Not easily impressed or affected; hard; unfeeling;
obdurate; as, a rocky bosom. --Shak.
{Rocky Mountain locust} (Zo["o]l.), the Western locust, or
grasshopper. See {Grasshopper}.
{Rocky Mountain sheep}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Bighorn}.
Rocoa \Ro"coa\, n. [Cf. F. rocou, roicou, Pg. & Braz, uruc['u].]
The orange-colored pulp covering the seeds of the tropical
plant {Bixa Orellana}, from which annotto is prepared. See
{Annoto}.
Rococo \Ro*co"co\, n. [F.; of uncertain etymology.]
A florid style of ornamentation which prevailed in Europe in
the latter part of the eighteenth century.
Rococo \Ro*co"co\, a.
Of or pertaining to the style called rococo; like rococo;
florid; fantastic.
Rod \Rod\, n. [The same word as rood. See {Rood}.]
1. A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender
bar, as of wood or metal (applied to various purposes).
Specifically:
(a) An instrument of punishment or correction;
figuratively, chastisement.
He that spareth his rod hateth his son. --Prov.
xiii. 24.
(b) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence,
figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; oppression.
``The rod, and bird of peace.'' --Shak.
(c) A support for a fishing line; a fish pole. --Gay.
(d) (Mach. & Structure) A member used in tension, as for
sustaining a suspended weight, or in tension and
compression, as for transmitting reciprocating motion,
etc.; a connecting bar.
(e) An instrument for measuring.
2. A measure of length containing sixteen and a half feet; --
called also {perch}, and {pole}.
{Black rod}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Rods and cones} (Anat.), the elongated cells or elements of
the sensory layer of the retina, some of which are
cylindrical, others somewhat conical.
Roddy \Rod"dy\, a.
Full of rods or twigs.
Roddy \Rod"dy\, a.
Ruddy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rode \Rode\, n. [See {Rud}.]
Redness; complexion. [Obs.] ``His rode was red.'' --Chaucer.
Rode \Rode\,
imp. of {Ride}.
Rode \Rode\, n.
See {Rood}, the cross. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rodent \Ro"dent\, a. [L. rodens, -entis, p. pr. of rodere to
gnaw. See {Rase}, v. t., and cf. {Rostrum}.]
1. Gnawing; biting; corroding; (Med.) applied to a
destructive variety of cancer or ulcer.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Gnawing.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Rodentia.
Rodent \Ro"dent\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Rodentia.
Rodentia \Ro*den"ti*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Rodent}, a.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of mammals having two (rarely four) large incisor
teeth in each jaw, distant from the molar teeth. The rats,
squirrels, rabbits, marmots, and beavers belong to this
order.
Note: The incisor teeth are long, curved, and strongly
enameled on the outside, so as to keep a cutting edge.
They have a persistent pulp and grow continuously.
Rodeo \Ro*de"o\, n. [SP., a going round.]
A round-up. See {Round-up}. [Western U.S.]
Rodge \Rodge\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The gadwall. [Prov. Eng.]
Rodomel \Rod"o*mel\, n. [Gr. ??? rose + ??? honey.]
Juice of roses mixed with honey. --Simmonds.
Rodomont \Rod"o*mont\, n. [F. rodomont, It. rodomonte, fr.
Rodomonte, Rodamonte, a boasting hero in the ``Orlando
Furioso'' of Ariosto, and the ``Orlando Innamorato'' of
Bojardo; properly, one who rolls away mountains; Prov. It.
rodare to roll away (fr. L. rota a wheel) + It. monte a
mountain, L. mons. See {Rotary}, {Mount}, n.]
A vain or blustering boaster; a braggart; a braggadocio.
--Sir T. Herbert.
Rodomont \Rod"o*mont\, a.
Bragging; vainly boasting.
Rodomontade \Rod`o*mon*tade"\, n. [F., fr. It. rodomontana. See
{Rodomont}, n.]
Vain boasting; empty bluster or vaunting; rant.
I could show that the rodomontades of Almanzor are
neither so irrational nor impossible. --Dryden.
Rodomontade \Rod`o*mon*tade"\, v. i.
To boast; to brag; to bluster; to rant.
Rodomontadist \Rod`o*mon*tad"ist\, n.
One who boasts.
Rodomontado \Rod`o*mon*ta"do\, n.
Rodomontade.
Rodomontador \Rod`o*mon*ta"dor\, n.
A rodomontadist.
Rodsman \Rods"man\, n.; pl. {Rodsmen}.
One who carries and holds a leveling staff, or rod, in a
surveying party. --G. W. Cable.
Rody \Ro"dy\, a.
Ruddy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Roe \Roe\, n. [OE. ro, AS. r[=a]h; akin to D. ree, G. reh, Icel.
r[=a], SW. r[*a].] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A roebuck. See {Roebuck}.
(b) The female of any species of deer.
Roe \Roe\, n. [For roan, OE. rowne, akin to G. rogen, OHG.
rogan, Icel. hrogn, Dan. rogn, ravn, Sw. rom; of uncertain
origin; cf. Gr. ??? pebble, Skr. ?arkar[=a] gravel.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The ova or spawn of fishes and amphibians,
especially when still inclosed in the ovarian membranes.
Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the testes of
the male.
2. A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood,
especially in mahogany.
Roebuck \Roe"buck`\, n. [1st roe + buck.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small European and Asiatic deer ({Capreolus capr[ae]a})
having erect, cylindrical, branched antlers, forked at the
summit. This, the smallest European deer, is very nimble and
graceful. It always prefers a mountainous country, or high
grounds.
Roed \Roed\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Filled with roe.
Roedeer \Roe"deer`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The roebuck.
Roestone \Roe"stone`\, n. (Min.)
Same as {O["o]lite}.
Rogation \Ro*ga"tion\, n. [L. rogatio, fr. rogare, rogatum, to
ask, beg, supplicate: cf. F. rogation. Cf. {Abrogate},
{Arrogant}, {Probogue}.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) The demand, by the consuls or tribunes, of a
law to be passed by the people; a proposed law or decree.
2. (Eccl.) Litany; supplication.
He perfecteth the rogations or litanies before in
use. --Hooker.
{Rogation days} (Eccl.), the three days which immediately
precede Ascension {Day}; -- so called as being days on
which the people, walking in procession, sang litanies of
special supplication.
{Rogation flower} (Bot.), a European species of milkwort
({Polygala vulgaris}); -- so called from its former use
for garlands in Rogation week. --Dr. Prior.
{Rogation week}, the second week before Whitsunday, in which
the Rogation days occur.
Rogatory \Rog"a*to*ry\, a. [See {Rogation}.]
Seeking information; authorized to examine witnesses or
ascertain facts; as, a rogatory commission. --Woolsey.
Rogue \Rogue\, n. [F. rogue proud, haughty, supercilious; cf.
Icel. hr?kr a rook, croaker (cf. {Rook} a bird), or Armor.
rok, rog, proud, arogant.]
1. (Eng.Law) A vagrant; an idle, sturdy beggar; a vagabond; a
tramp.
Note: The phrase rogues and vagabonds is applied to a large
class of wandering, disorderly, or dissolute persons.
They were formerly punished by being whipped and having
the gristle of the right ear bored with a hot iron.
2. A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a cheat.
The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise. --Pope.
3. One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome; hence,
often used as a term of endearment.
Ah, you sweet little rogue, you! --Shak.
4. An elephant that has separated from a herd and roams about
alone, in which state it is very savage.
5. (Hort.) A worthless plant occuring among seedlings of some
choice variety.
{Rogues' gallery}, a collection of portraits of rogues or
criminals, for the use of the police authorities.
{Rogue's march}, derisive music performed in driving away a
person under popular indignation or official sentence, as
when a soldier is drummed out of a regiment.
{Rogue's yarn}, yarn of a different twist and color from the
rest, inserted into the cordage of the British navy, to
identify it if stolen, or for the purpose of tracing the
maker in case of defect. Different makers are required to
use yarns of different colors.
Rogue \Rogue\, v. i.
To wander; to play the vagabond; to play knavish tricks.
[Obs.] --Spenser.
Rogue \Rogue\, v. t.
1. To give the name or designation of rogue to; to decry.
[Obs.] --Cudworth.
2. (Hort.) To destroy (plants that do not come up to a
required standard).
Roguery \Rogu"er*y\, n.
1. The life of a vargant. [Obs.]
2. The practices of a rogue; knavish tricks; cheating; fraud;
dishonest practices.
'Tis no scandal grown, For debt and roguery to quit
the town. --Dryden.
3. Arch tricks; mischievousness.
Rogueship \Rogue"ship\, n.
The quality or state of being a rogue. [Jocose] ``Your
rogueship.'' --Dryden.
Roguish \Rogu"ish\, a.
1. Vagrant. [Obs.] --Spenser.
His roguish madness Allows itself to anything.
--Shak.
2. Resembling, or characteristic of, a rogue; knavish.
3. Pleasantly mischievous; waggish; arch.
The most bewitching leer with her eyes, the most
roguish cast. --Dryden.
-- {Rogu"ish*ly}, adv. -- {Rogu"ish*ness}, n.
Roguy \Rogu"y\, a.
Roguish. [Obs.] --L'Estrange.
Rohob \Ro"hob\, n.
An inspissated juice. See {Rob}.
Roial \Roi"al\, a.
Royal. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Roil \Roil\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Roiled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Roiling}.] [Cf. OE. roilen to wander; possibly fr. OF.
roeler to roll, equiv. to F. rouler. See {Roll}, v., and cf.
{Rile}.]
1. To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of;
as, to roil wine, cider, etc., in casks or bottles; to
roil a spring.
2. To disturb, as the temper; to ruffle the temper of; to
rouse the passion of resentment in; to perplex.
That his friends should believe it, was what roiled
him [Judge Jeffreys] exceedingly. --R. North.
Note: Provincial in England and colloquial in the United
States. A commoner, but less approved, form is rile.
Roil \Roil\, v. i.
1. To wander; to roam. [Obs.]
2. To romp. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Roily \Roil"y\, a.
Turbid; as, roily water.
Roin \Roin\, v. t.
See {Royne}. [Obs.]
Roin \Roin\, n. [F. rogne. See {Roynish}.]
A scab; a scurf, or scurfy spot. [Obs.]
Roinish \Roin"ish\, a.
See {Roynish}. [Obs.]
Roint \Roint\, interj.
See {Aroint}.
Roist \Roist\, v. i.
See {Roister}.
Roister \Roist"er\, v. i. [Probably fr. F. rustre boor, a clown,
clownish, fr. L. rustucus rustic. See {Rustic}.]
To bluster; to swagger; to bully; to be bold, noisy,
vaunting, or turbulent.
I have a roisting challenge sent amongst The dull and
factious nobles of the Greeks. --Shak.
Roister \Roist"er\, n.
See {Roisterer}.
Roisterer \Roist"er*er\, n.
A blustering, turbulent fellow.
If two roisterers met, they cocked their hats in each
other faces. --Macaulay.
Roisterly \Roist"er*ly\, a.
Blustering; violent. [R.]
Roisterly \Roist"er*ly\, adv.
In a roistering manner. [R.]
Rokambole \Rok"am*bole\, n.
See {Rocambole}.
Roke \Roke\, n. [See {Reek}.]
1. Mist; smoke; damp [Prov. Eng.] [Written also {roak},
{rook}, and {rouk}.]
2. A vein of ore. [Pov.Eng.] --Halliwell.
Rokeage \Roke"age\, Rokee \Rok"ee\, n. [Cf. {Nocake}.]
Parched Indian corn, pounded up and mixed with sugar; --
called also {yokeage}. [Local, U.S.]
Rokelay \Rok"e*lay\, n. [Cf. {Roquelaure}.]
A short cloak. [Written also {rockelay}, {rocklay}, etc.]
[Scot.]
Roky \Rok"y\, a. [See {Roke}.]
Misty; foggy; cloudy. [Prov. Eng.] --Ray.
Role \R[^o]le\, n. [F. See {Roll}.]
A part, or character, performed by an actor in a drama;
hence, a part of function taken or assumed by any one; as, he
has now taken the r[^o]le of philanthropist.
{Title r[^o]le}, the part, or character, which gives the
title to a play, as the part of Hamlet in the play of that
name.
Roll \Roll\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rolled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rolling}.] [OF. roeler, roler, F. rouler, LL. rotulare, fr.
L. royulus, rotula, a little wheel, dim. of rota wheel; akin
to G. rad, and to Skr. ratha car, chariot. Cf. {Control},
{Roll}, n., {Rotary}.]
1. To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by
turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn
over and over on a supporting surface; as, to roll a
wheel, a ball, or a barrel.
2. To wrap round on itself; to form into a spherical or
cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over; as, to
roll a sheet of paper; to roll parchment; to roll clay or
putty into a ball.
3. To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage; to inwrap;
-- often with up; as, to roll up a parcel.
4. To drive or impel forward with an easy motion, as of
rolling; as, a river rolls its waters to the ocean.
The flood of Catholic reaction was rolled over
Europe. --J. A.
Symonds.
5. To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to utter
with a deep sound; -- often with forth, or out; as, to
roll forth some one's praises; to roll out sentences.
Who roll'd the psalm to wintry skies. --Tennyson.
6. To press or level with a roller; to spread or form with a
roll, roller, or rollers; as, to roll a field; to roll
paste; to roll steel rails, etc.
7. To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means of,
rollers or small wheels.
8. To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a drum; to
sound a roll upon.
9. (Geom.) To apply (one line or surface) to another without
slipping; to bring all the parts of (one line or surface)
into successive contact with another, in suck manner that
at every instant the parts that have been in contact are
equal.
10. To turn over in one's mind; to revolve.
Full oft in heart he rolleth up and down The beauty
of these florins new and bright. --Chaucer.
{To roll one's self}, to wallow.
{To roll the eye}, to direct its axis hither and thither in
quick succession.
{To roll one's r's}, to utter the letter r with a trill.
[Colloq.]
Roll \Roll\, v. i.
1. To move, as a curved object may, along a surface by
rotation without sliding; to revolve upon an axis; to turn
over and over; as, a ball or wheel rolls on the earth; a
body rolls on an inclined plane.
And her foot, look you, is fixed upon a spherical
stone, which rolls, and rolls, and rolls. --Shak.
2. To move on wheels; as, the carriage rolls along the
street. ``The rolling chair.'' --Dryden.
3. To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the
cloth rolls unevenly; the snow rolls well.
4. To fall or tumble; -- with over; as, a stream rolls over a
precipice.
5. To perform a periodical revolution; to move onward as with
a revolution; as, the rolling year; ages roll away.
6. To turn; to move circularly.
And his red eyeballs roll with living fire.
--Dryden.
7. To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swell and
depression.
What different sorrows did within thee roll.
--Prior.
8. To incline first to one side, then to the other; to rock;
as, there is a great difference in ships about rolling; in
a general semse, to be tossed about.
Twice ten tempestuous nights I rolled. --Pope.
9. To turn over, or from side to side, while lying down; to
wallow; as, a horse rolls.
10. To spread under a roller or rolling-pin; as, the paste
rolls well.
11. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can
scarcely be distinguished by the ear.
12. To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; as, the thunder
rolls.
{To roll about}, to gad abroad. [Obs.]
Man shall not suffer his wife go roll about.
--Chaucer.
Roll \Roll\, n. [F. r[^o]le a roll (in sense 3), fr. L. rotulus
? little wheel, LL., a roll, dim. of L. rota a wheel. See
{Roll}, v., and cf. {R[^o]le}, {Rouleau}, {Roulette}.]
1. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as, the roll
of a ball; the roll of waves.
2. That which rolls; a roller. Specifically:
(a) A heavy cylinder used to break clods. --Mortimer.
(b) One of a set of revolving cylinders, or rollers,
between which metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed,
as in a rolling mill; as, to pass rails through the
rolls.
3. That which is rolled up; as, a roll of fat, of wool,
paper, cloth, etc. Specifically:
(a) A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or
other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll.
Busy angels spread The lasting roll, recording
what we say. --Prior.
(b) Hence, an official or public document; a register; a
record; also, a catalogue; a list.
The rolls of Parliament, the entry of the
petitions, answers, and transactions in
Parliament, are extant. --Sir M. Hale.
The roll and list of that army doth remain.
--Sir J.
Davies.
(c) A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as,
a roll of carpeting; a roll of ribbon.
(d) A cylindrical twist of tobacco.
4. A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread, often rolled
or doubled upon itself.
5. (Naut.) The oscillating movement of a vessel from side to
side, in sea way, as distinguished from the alternate rise
and fall of bow and stern called pitching.
6. A heavy, reverberatory sound; as, the roll of cannon, or
of thunder.
7. The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as
scarcely to be distinguished by the ear.
8. Part; office; duty; r[^o]le. [Obs.] --L'Estrange.
{Long roll} (Mil.), a prolonged roll of the drums, as the
signal of an attack by the enemy, and for the troops to
arrange themselves in line.
{Master of the rolls}. See under {Master}.
{Roll call}, the act, or the time, of calling over a list
names, as among soldiers.
{Rolls of court}, {of parliament} (or of any public body),
the parchments or rolls on which the acts and proceedings
of that body are engrossed by the proper officer, and
which constitute the records of such public body.
{To call the roll}, to call off or recite a list or roll of
names of persons belonging to an organization, in order to
ascertain who are present or to obtain responses from
those present.
Syn: List; schedule; catalogue; register; inventory. See
{List}.
Rollable \Roll"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being rolled.
Roller \Roll"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, rolls; especially, a cylinder,
sometimes grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in
husbandry and the arts.
2. A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage
used in surgery.
3. (Naut.) One of series of long, heavy waves which roll in
upon a coast, sometimes in calm weather.
4. A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a rolling
cylinder; -- called also {roller towel}.
5. (Print.) A cylinder coated with a composition made
principally of glue and molassess, with which forms of
type are inked previously to taking an impression from
them. --W. Savage.
6. A long cylinder on which something is rolled up; as, the
roller of a man.
7. A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate, etc.
8. (Zo["o]l.) ANy insect whose larva rolls up leaves; a leaf
roller. see {Tortrix}.
9. [CF. F. rollier.] (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species
of Old World picarian birds of the family {Coraciad[ae]}.
The name alludes to their habit of suddenly turning over
or ``tumbling'' in flight.
Note: Many of the species are brilliantly colored. The common
European species ({Coracias garrula}) has the head,
neck, and under parts light blue varied with green, the
scapulars chestnut brown, and the tail blue, green, and
black. The broad-billed rollers of India and Africa
belong to the genus {Eurystomus}, as the oriental
roller ({E. orientalis}), and the Australian roller, or
dollar bird ({E. Pacificus}). The latter is dark brown
on the head and neck, sea green on the back, and bright
blue on the throat, base of the tail, and parts of the
wings. It has a silvery-white spot on the middle of
each wing.
10. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of small ground snakes of the
family {Tortricid[ae]}.
{Ground roller} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
Madagascar rollers belonging to {Atelornis} and allied
genera. They are nocturnal birds, and feed on the ground.
{Roller bolt}, the bar in a carriage to which the traces are
attached; a whiffletree. [Eng.]
{Roller gin}, a cotton gin inn which rolls are used for
separating the seeds from the fiber.
{Roller mill}. See under {Mill}.
{Roller skate}, a skate which has small wheels in the place
of the metallic runner; -- designed for use in skating
upon a smooth, hard surface, other than ice.
Rolley \Roll"ey\ (-[y^]), n. [Probably fr. roll.]
A small wagon used for the underground work of a mine.
--Tomlison.
Rollic \Rol"lic\ (r[o^]l"l[i^]k), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Rollicked} (-l[i^]kt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Rollicking}.]
[Corrupt. fr. frolic, under the influence of roll.]
To move or play in a careless, swaggering manner, with a
frolicsome air; to frolic; to sport; commonly in the form
rollicking. [Colloq.]
He described his friends as rollicking blades. --T.
Hook.
Rolling \Roll"ing\, a.
1. Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by
rotation; turning over and over as if on an axis or a
pivot; as, a rolling wheel or ball.
2. Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels or
rollers; as, a rolling chair.
3. Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface; as, a
rolling country; rolling land. [U.S.]
{Rolling bridge}. See the Note under {Drawbridge}.
{Rolling circle of a paddle wheel}, the circle described by
the point whose velocity equals the velocity of the ship.
--J. Bourne.
{Rolling fire} (Mil.), a discharge of firearms by soldiers in
line, in quick succession, and in the order in which they
stand.
{Rolling friction}, that resistance to motion experienced by
one body rolling upon another which arises from the
roughness or other quality of the surfaces in contact.
{Rolling mill}, a mill furnished with heavy rolls, between
which heated metal is passed, to form it into sheets,
rails, etc.
{Rolling press}.
(a) A machine for calendering cloth by pressure between
revolving rollers.
(b) A printing press with a roller, used in copperplate
printing.
{Rolling stock}, or {Rolling plant}, the locomotives and
vehicles of a railway.
{Rolling tackle} (Naut.), tackle used to steady the yards
when the ship rolls heavily. --R. H. Dana, Jr.
Rolling-pin \Roll"ing-pin`\, n.
A cylindrical piece of wood or other material, with which
paste or dough may be rolled out and reduced to a proper
thickness.
Rollway \Roll"way`\, n.
A place prepared for rolling logs into a stream.
Rolly-poly \Roll"y-po`ly\, n.
A kind of pudding made of paste spread with fruit, rolled
into a cylindrical form, and boiled or steamed. -- a. Shaped
like a rolly-poly; short and stout. [Written also
{roly-poly}.]
Rolly-pooly \Roll"y-pool`y\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A game in which a ball, rolling into a certain place, wins.
[Written also {rouly-pouly}.]
Roly-poly \Ro"ly-po`ly\, n. & a.
Rolly-poly.
Romage \Rom"age\, n. & v.
See {Rummage}. [Obs.] --Shak.
Romaic \Ro*ma"ic\, a. [NGr. ????: cf. F. roma["i]que. See
{Roman}.]
Of or relating to modern Greece, and especially to its
language. -- n. The modern Greek language, now usually called
by the Greeks {Hellenic} or {Neo-Hellenic}.
Note: The Greeks at the time of the capture of Constantinople
were proud of being "Romai^oi, or Romans . . . Hence
the term Romaic was the name given to the popular
language. . . . The Greek language is now spoken of as
the Hellenic language. --Encyc. Brit.
Roman \Ro"man\, a. [L. Romanus, fr. Roma Rome: cf. F. romain.
Cf. {Romaic}, {Romance}, {Romantic}.]
1. Of or pertaining to Rome, or the Roman people; like or
characteristic of Rome, the Roman people, or things done
by Romans; as, Roman fortitude; a Roman aqueduct; Roman
art.
2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion;
professing that religion.
3. (Print.)
(a) Upright; erect; -- said of the letters or kind of type
ordinarily used, as distinguished from Italic
characters.
(b) Expressed in letters, not in figures, as I., IV., i.,
iv., etc.; -- said of numerals, as distinguished from
the Arabic numerals, 1, 4, etc.
{Roman alum} (Chem.), a cubical potassium alum formerly
obtained in large quantities from Italian alunite, and
highly valued by dyers on account of its freedom from
iron.
{Roman balance}, a form of balance nearly resembling the
modern steelyard. See the Note under {Balance}, n., 1.
{Roman candle}, a kind of firework (generally held in the
hand), characterized by the continued emission of shower
of sparks, and the ejection, at intervals, of brilliant
balls or stars of fire which are thrown upward as they
become ignited.
{Roman Catholic}, of, pertaining to, or the religion of that
church of which the pope is the spiritual head; as, a
Roman Catholic priest; the Roman Catholic Church.
{Roman cement}, a cement having the property of hardening
under water; a species of hydraulic cement.
{Roman law}. See under {Law}.
{Roman nose}, a nose somewhat aquiline.
{Roman ocher}, a deep, rich orange color, transparent and
durable, used by artists. --Ure.
{Roman order} (Arch.), the composite order. See {Composite},
a., 2.
Roman \Ro"man\, n.
1. A native, or permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of
Rome, or one upon whom certain rights and privileges of a
Roman citizen were conferred.
2. Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; -- in
distinction from Italics.
Romance \Ro*mance"\, n. [OE. romance, romant, romaunt, OF.
romanz, romans, romant, roman, F. roman, romance, fr. LL.
Romanice in the Roman language, in the vulgar tongue, i. e.,
in the vulgar language which sprang from Latin, the language
of the Romans, and hence applied to fictitious compositions
written in this vulgar tongue; fr. L. Romanicus Roman, fr.
Romanus. See {Roman}, and cf. {Romanic}, {Romaunt},
{Romansch}, {Romanza}.]
1. A species of fictitious writing, originally composed in
meter in the Romance dialects, and afterward in prose,
such as the tales of the court of Arthur, and of Amadis of
Gaul; hence, any fictitious and wonderful tale; a sort of
novel, especially one which treats of surprising
adventures usually befalling a hero or a heroine; a tale
of extravagant adventures, of love, and the like.
``Romances that been royal.'' --Chaucer.
Upon these three columns -- chivalry, gallantry, and
religion -- repose the fictions of the Middle Ages,
especially those known as romances. These, such as
we now know them, and such as display the
characteristics above mentioned, were originally
metrical, and chiefly written by nations of the
north of France. --Hallam.
2. An adventure, or series of extraordinary events,
resembling those narrated in romances; as, his courtship,
or his life, was a romance.
3. A dreamy, imaginative habit of mind; a disposition to
ignore what is real; as, a girl full of romance.
4. The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were
originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now
developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the
Romanic languages).
5. (Mus.) A short lyric tale set to music; a song or short
instrumental piece in ballad style; a romanza.
Syn: Fable; novel; fiction; tale.
Romance \Ro*mance"\, a.
Of or pertaining to the language or dialects known as
Romance.
Romance \Ro*mance"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Romanced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Romancing}.]
To write or tell romances; to indulge in extravagant stories.
A very brave officer, but apt to romance. --Walpole.
Romancer \Ro*man"cer\, n.
One who romances.
Romancist \Ro*man"cist\, n.
A romancer. [R.]
Romancy \Ro*man"cy\, a.
Romantic. [R.]
Romanesque \Ro`man*esque"\, a. [F. romanesque; cf. It.
romanesco.]
1. (Arch.) Somewhat resembling the Roman; -- applied
sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman empire,
but esp. to the more developed architecture prevailing
from the 8th century to the 12th.
2. Of or pertaining to romance or fable; fanciful.
{Romanesque style} (Arch.), that which grew up from the
attempts of barbarous people to copy Roman architecture
and apply it to their own purposes. This term is loosely
applied to all the styles of Western Europe, from the fall
of the Western Roman Empire to the appearance of Gothic
architecture.
Romanesque \Ro`man*esque"\, n.
Romanesque style.
Romanic \Ro*man"ic\, a. [L. Romanicus. See {Romance}, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to Rome or its people.
2. Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages
which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old
Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish,
Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.
3. Related to the Roman people by descent; -- said especially
of races and nations speaking any of the Romanic tongues.
{Romanic spelling}, spelling by means of the letters of the
Roman alphabet, as in English; -- contrasted with phonetic
spelling.
Romanish \Ro"man*ish\, a.
Pertaining to Romanism.
Romanism \Ro"man*ism\, n.
The tenets of the Church of Rome; the Roman Catholic
religion.
Romanist \Ro"man*ist\, n.
One who adheres to Romanism.
Romanize \Ro"man*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Romanized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Romanizing}.]
1. To Latinize; to fill with Latin words or idioms. [R.]
--Dryden.
2. To convert to the Roman Catholic religion.
Romanize \Ro"man*ize\, v. i.
1. To use Latin words and idioms. ``Apishly Romanizing.''
--Milton.
2. To conform to Roman Catholic opinions, customs, or modes
of speech.
Romanizer \Ro"man*i`zer\, n.
One who Romanizes.
Romansch \Ro*mansch"\, n. [Grisons rumansch, rumonsch, romonsch.
See {Romance}.]
The language of the Grisons in Switzerland, a corruption of
the Latin. [Written also {Romansch}, and {Rumonsch}.]
Romant \Ro*mant"\, n.
A romaunt. [Obs.]
Romantic \Ro*man"tic\, a. [F. romantique, fr. OF. romant. See
{Romance}.]
1. Of or pertaining to romance; involving or resembling
romance; hence, fanciful; marvelous; extravagant; unreal;
as, a romantic tale; a romantic notion; a romantic
undertaking.
Can anything in nature be imagined more profane and
impious, more absurd, and undeed romantic, than such
a persuasion? --South.
Zeal for the good of one's country a party of men
have represented as chimerical and romantic.
--Addison.
2. Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a romance;
as, a romantic person; a romantic mind.
3. Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian and popular
literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the classical
antique; of the nature of, or appropriate to, that style;
as, the romantic school of poets.
4. Characterized by strangeness or variety; suggestive of
adventure; suited to romance; wild; picturesque; --
applied to scenery; as, a romantic landscape.
Syn: Sentimental; fanciful; fantastic; fictitious;
extravagant; wild; chimerical. See {Sentimental}.
{The romantic drama}. See under {Drama}.
Romantical \Ro*man"tic*al\, a.
Romantic.
Romanticaly \Ro*man"tic*al*y\, adv.
In a romantic manner.
Romanticism \Ro*man"ti*cism\, n. [CF. It. romanticismo, F.
romantisme, romanticisme.]
A fondness for romantic characteristics or peculiarities;
specifically, in modern literature, an aiming at romantic
effects; -- applied to the productions of a school of writers
who sought to revive certain medi?val forms and methods in
opposition to the so-called classical style.
He [Lessing] may be said to have begun the revolt from
pseudo-classicism in poetry, and to have been thus
unconsciously the founder of romanticism. --Lowell.
Romanticist \Ro*man"ti*cist\, n.
One who advocates romanticism in modern literature. --J. R.
Seeley.
Romanticly \Ro*man"tic*ly\, adv.
Romantically. [R.] --Strype.
Romanticness \Ro*man"tic*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being romantic; widness;
fancifulness. --Richardson.
Romany \Rom"a*ny\, n. [Gypsy romano, romani, adj., gypsy; cf.
rom husband.]
1. A gypsy.
2. The language spoken among themselves by the gypsies.
[Written also {Rommany}.]
Romanza \Ro*man"za\, n. [It.]
See {Romance}, 5.
Romaunt \Ro*maunt"\, n. [See {Romance}.]
A romantic story in verse; as, the ``Romaunt of the Rose.''
O, hearken, loving hearts and bold, Unto my wild
romaunt. --Mrs.
Browning.
Romble \Rom"ble\, v.& n.
Rumble. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rombowline \Rom*bow"line\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)
Old, condemned canvas, rope, etc., unfit for use except in
chafing gear. [Written also {rumbowline}.]
Romeine \Ro"me*ine\, Romeite \Ro"me*ite\, n. [F. rom['e]ine. So
calledafter the French mineralogist Rom['e] L'Isle.] (Min.)
A mineral of a hyacinth or honey-yellow color, occuring in
square octahedrons. It is an antimonate of calcium.
Romekin \Rome"kin\, n. [CF. {Rummer}.]
A drinking cup. [Written also {romkin}.] [Obs.] --Halliwell.
Rome penny \Rome" pen`ny\, or Rome scot \Rome" scot`\
See {Peter pence}, under {Peter}.
Romeward \Rome"ward\, adv.
Toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church.
Romeward \Rome"ward\, a.
Tending or directed toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic
Church.
To analyze the crisis in its Anglican rather than in
its Romeward aspect. --Gladstone.
Romic \Rom"ic\, n.
A method of notation for all spoken sounds, proposed by Mr.
Sweet; -- so called because it is based on the common
Roman-letter alphabet. It is like the pal[ae]otype of Mr.
Ellis in the general plan, but simpler.
Romish \Rom"ish\, a.
Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the Roman Catholic
Church; -- frequently used in a disparaging sense; as, the
Romish church; the Romish religion, ritual, or ceremonies.
Romist \Rom"ist\, n.
A Roman Catholic. [R.] --South.
Romp \Romp\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Romped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Romping}.] [A variant of ramp. See {Ramp} to leap,
{Rampallian}.]
To play rudely and boisterously; to leap and frisk about in
play.
Romp \Romp\, n.
1. A girl who indulges in boisterous play.
2. Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough sport.
While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry
robust. --Thomson.
Romping \Romp"ing\, a.
Inclined to romp; indulging in romps.
A little romping girl from boarding school. --W.
Irving.
Rompingly \Romp"ing*ly\, adv.
In a romping manner.
Rompish \Romp"ish\, a.
Given to rude play; inclined to romp. --- {Romp"ish}, adv. --
{Romp"ish*ness}, n.
Rompu \Rom"pu\, a. [F. rompu, p. p. of rompre to breeak, L.
rumpere. See {Rupture}.] (Her.)
Broken, as an ordinary; cut off, or broken at the top, as a
chevron, a bend, or the like.
Roncador \Ron`ca*dor"\, n. [Sp., a snorer, fr. roncar to snore.
So called in allusion to the grunting noise made by them on
being taken from the water. ] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of California sci[ae]noid food
fishes, especially {Roncador Stearnsi}, which is an excellent
market fish, and the red roncador ({Corvina, or Johnius,
saturna}).
Ronchil \Ron"chil\, n. [Cf. Sp. ronquillo slightly hoarse.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An American marine food fish ({Bathymaster signatus}) of the
North Pacific coast, allied to the tilefish. [Written also
{ronquil}.]
Ronco \Ron"co\, n. [Sp. ronco hoarse.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Croaker}, n., 2.
(a) . [Texas]
Rondache \Ron`dache"\, n. [F.] (Anc. Armor.)
A circular shield carried by foot soldiers.
Ronde \Ronde\, n. [F.] (Print.)
A kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly
upright, giving the characters when taken together a round
look.
Rondeau \Ron*deau"\, n. [F. See {Roundel}.] [Written also
{rondo}.]
1. A species of lyric poetry so composed as to contain a
refrain or repetition which recurs according to a fixed
law, and a limited number of rhymes recurring also by
rule.
Note: When the rondeau was called the rondel it was mostly
written in fourteen octosyllabic lines of two rhymes,
as in the rondels of Charles d'Orleans. . . . In the
17th century the approved form of the rondeau was a
structure of thirteen verses with a refrain. --Encyc.
Brit.
2. (Mus.) See {Rondo}, 1.
Rondel \Ron"del\, n. [Cf. {Rondeau}, {Roundel}.]
1. (Fort.) A small round tower erected at the foot of a
bastion. [Obs.]
2. [F.]
(a) Same as {Rondeau}.
(b) Specifically, a particular form of rondeau containing
fourteen lines in two rhymes, the refrain being a
repetition of the first and second lines as the
seventh and eighth, and again as the thirteenth and
fourteenth. --E. W. Gosse.
Rondeletia \Ron`de*le"ti*a\, n. [NL. So named after William
Rondelet, a French naturalist.] (Bot.)
A tropical genus of rubiaceous shrubs which often have
brilliant flowers.
Rondle \Ron"dle\, n. [Cf. {Rondel}.]
1. A rondeau. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. A round mass, plate, or disk; especially (Metal.), the
crust or scale which forms upon the surface of molten
metal in the crucible.
Rondo \Ron"do\, n. [It. rond[`o], fr. F. rondeau. See
{Rondeau}.]
1. (Mus.) A composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a
lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain
recurs after each of the other strains. ``The Rondo-form
was the earliest and most frequent definite mold for
musical construction.'' --Grove.
2. (Poetry) See {Rondeau}, 1.
Rondure \Ron"dure\, n. [Cf. F. rondeur roundness.]
1. A round; a circle. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. Roundness; plumpness. [R.]
High-kirtled for the chase, and what was shown Of
maiden rondure, like the rose half-blown. --Lowell.
Rong \Rong\, obs.
imp. & p. p. of {Ring}. --Chaucer.
Rong \Rong\, n.
Rung (of a ladder). [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rongeur \Ron`geur"\, n. [F., fr. ronger to gnaw.] (Surg.)
An instrument for removing small rough portions of bone.
Ronion \Ron"ion\, Ronyon \Ron"yon\, n. [F. rogne scab, mange.]
A mangy or scabby creature.
``Aroint thee, with!'' the rump-fed ronyon cries.
--Shak.
Ronne \Ron"ne\,
obs. imp. pl., and
Ronnen \Ron"nen\,
obs. p. p. of {Renne}, to run. --Chaucer.
Ront \Ront\, n. [See {Runt}.]
A runt. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Rood \Rood\ (r[=oo]d), n. [AS. r[=o]d a cross; akin to OS.
r[=o]da, D. roede rod, G. ruthe, rute, OHG. ruota. Cf. {Rod}
a measure.]
1. A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross
with Christ hanging on it.
Note: Generally, the Trinity is represented, the Father as an
elderly man fully clothed, with a nimbus around his
head, and holding the cross on which the Son is
represented as crucified, the Holy Spirit descending in
the form of a dove near the Son's head. Figures of the
Virgin Mary and of St. John are often placed near the
principal figures.
Savior, in thine image seen Bleeding on that
precious rood. --Wordsworth.
2. A measure of five and a half yards in length; a rod; a
perch; a pole. [Prov. Eng.]
3. The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods.
{By the rood}, by the cross; -- a phrase formerly used in
swearing. ``No, by the rood, not so.'' --Shak.
{Rood beam} (Arch.), a beam across the chancel of a church,
supporting the rood.
{Rood loft} (Arch.), a loft or gallery, in a church, on which
the rood and its appendages were set up to view. --Gwilt.
{Rood screen} (Arch.), a screen, between the choir and the
body of the church, over which the rood was placed.
--Fairholt.
{Rood tower} (Arch.), a tower at the intersection of the nave
and transept of a church; -- when crowned with a spire it
was called also {rood steeple}. --Weale.
{Rood tree}, the cross. [Obs.] ``Died upon the rood tree.''
--Gower.
Roodebok \Roo"de*bok\, n. [D. rood red + bok buck.] (Zo["o]l.)
The pallah.
Roody \Rood"y\, a.
Rank in growth. [Prov. Eng.]
Roof \Roof\, n. [OE. rof, AS. hr?f top, roof; akin to D. roef
cabin, Icel. hr?f a shed under which ships are built or kept;
cf. OS. hr?st roof, Goth. hr?t. Cf. {Roost}.]
1. (Arch.) The cover of any building, including the roofing
(see {Roofing}) and all the materials and construction
necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the walls or
other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted
ceilings protected by an outer roof, some writers call the
vault the roof, and the outer protection the roof mask. It
is better, however, to consider the vault as the ceiling
only, in cases where it has farther covering.
2. That which resembles, or corresponds to, the covering or
the ceiling of a house; as, the roof of a cavern; the roof
of the mouth.
The flowery roof Showered roses, which the morn
repaired. --Milton.
3. (Mining.) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying
a bed of coal or a flat vein.
{Bell roof}, {French roof}, etc. (Arch.) See under {Bell},
{French}, etc.
{Flat roof}. (Arch.)
(a) A roof actually horizontal and level, as in some
Oriental buildings.
(b) A roof nearly horizontal, constructed of such material
as allows the water to run off freely from a very
slight inclination.
{Roof plate}. (Arch.) See {Plate}, n., 10.
Roof \Roof\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Roofed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Roofing}.]
1. To cover with a roof.
I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings
that have not been roofed with vaults or arches.
--Addison.
2. To inclose in a house; figuratively, to shelter.
Here had we now our country's honor roofed. --Shak.
Roofer \Roof"er\, n.
One who puts on roofs.
Roofing \Roof"ing\, n.
1. The act of covering with a roof.
2. The materials of which a roof is composed; materials for a
roof. --Gwilt.
3. Hence, the roof itself; figuratively, shelter. ``Fit
roofing gave.'' --Southey.
4. (Mining) The wedging, as of a horse or car, against the
top of an underground passage. --Raymond.
Roofless \Roof"less\, a.
1. Having no roof; as, a roofless house.
2. Having no house or home; shelterless; homeless.
Rooflet \Roof"let\, n.
A small roof, covering, or shelter.
Rooftree \Roof"tree`\, n.
The beam in the angle of a roof; hence, the roof itself.
Now for me the woods may wither, now for me the
rooftree fall. --Tennyson.
Roofy \Roof`y\, a.
Having roofs. [R.] --Dryden.
Rook \Rook\ (r[oo^]k), n.
Mist; fog. See {Roke}. [Obs.]
Rook \Rook\, v. i.
To squat; to ruck. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rook \Rook\, n. [F. roc (cf. Sp. roque), fr. Per. & Ar. rokh, or
rukh, the rook or castle at chess, also the bird roc (in this
sense perhaps a different word); cf. Hind. rath a war
chariot, the castle at chess, Skr. ratha a car, a war car.
Cf. {Roll}.] (Chess)
One of the four pieces placed on the corner squares of the
board; a castle.
Rook \Rook\, n. [AS. hr[=o]c; akin to OHG. hruoh, ruoh, ruoho,
Icel. hr[=o]kr, Sw. roka, Dan. raage; cf. Goth. hrukjan to
crow.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A European bird ({Corvus frugilegus})
resembling the crow, but smaller. It is black, with purple
and violet reflections. The base of the beak and the
region around it are covered with a rough, scabrous skin,
which in old birds is whitish. It is gregarious in its
habits. The name is also applied to related Asiatic
species.
The rook . . . should be treated as the farmer's
friend. --Pennant.
2. A trickish, rapacious fellow; a cheat; a sharper.
--Wycherley.
Rook \Rook\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Rooked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rooking}.]
To cheat; to defraud by cheating. ``A band of rooking
officials.'' --Milton.
Rookery \Rook"er*y\, n.; pl. {Rookeries}.
1. The breeding place of a colony of rooks; also, the birds
themselves. --Tennyson.
2. A breeding place of other gregarious birds, as of herons,
penguins, etc.
3. The breeding ground of seals, esp. of the fur seals.
4. A dilapidated building with many rooms and occupants; a
cluster of dilapidated or mean buildings.
5. A brothel. [Low]
Rooky \Rook"y\ (-[y^]), a. [See {Roky}.]
Misty; gloomy. [Obs.]
Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to the rooky
wood. --Shak.
Note: Some make this Shakespearean word mean ``abounding in
rooks.''
Room \Room\ (r[=oo]m), n. [OE. roum, rum, space, AS. r[=u]m;
akin to OS., OFries. & Icel. r[=u]m, D. ruim, G. raum, OHG.
r[=u]m, Sw. & Dan. rum, Goth. r[=u]ms, and to AS. r[=u]m,
adj., spacious, D. ruim, Icel. r[=u]mr, Goth. r[=u]ms; and
prob. to L. rus country (cf. {Rural}), Zend rava[.n]h wide,
free, open, ravan a plain.]
1. Unobstructed spase; space which may be occupied by or
devoted to any object; compass; extent of place, great or
small; as, there is not room for a house; the table takes
up too much room.
Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet
there is room. --Luke xiv.
22.
There was no room for them in the inn. --Luke ii. 7.
2. A particular portion of space appropriated for occupancy;
a place to sit, stand, or lie; a seat.
If he have but twelve pence in his purse, he will
give it for the best room in a playhouse.
--Overbury.
When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit
not down in the highest room. --Luke xiv. 8.
3. Especially, space in a building or ship inclosed or set
apart by a partition; an apartment or chamber.
I found the prince in the next room. --Shak.
4. Place or position in society; office; rank; post; station;
also, a place or station once belonging to, or occupied
by, another, and vacated. [Obs.]
When he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in
the room of his father Herod. --Matt. ii.
22.
Neither that I look for a higher room in heaven.
--Tyndale.
Let Bianca take her sister's room. --Shak.
5. Possibility of admission; ability to admit; opportunity to
act; fit occasion; as, to leave room for hope.
There was no prince in the empire who had room for
such an alliance. --Addison.
{Room and space} (Shipbuilding), the distance from one side
of a rib to the corresponding side of the next rib; space
being the distance between two ribs, in the clear, and
room the width of a rib.
{To give room}, to withdraw; to leave or provide space
unoccupied for others to pass or to be seated.
{To make room}, to open a space, way, or passage; to remove
obstructions; to give room.
Make room, and let him stand before our face.
--Shak.
Syn: Space; compass; scope; latitude.
Room \Room\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Roomed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rooming}.]
To occupy a room or rooms; to lodge; as, they arranged to
room together.
Room \Room\, a. [AS. r[=u]m.]
Spacious; roomy. [Obs.]
No roomer harbour in the place. --Chaucer.
Roomage \Room"age\, n. [From {Room}. CF. {Rummage}.]
Space; place; room. [Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Roomer \Room"er\, n.
A lodger. [Colloq.]
Roomer \Room"er\, adv. [See {Room}, a.]
At a greater distance; farther off. [Obs.] --Sir J.
Harrington.
Roomful \Room"ful\, a.
Abounding with room or rooms; roomy. ``A roomful house.''
[R.] --Donne.
Roomful \Room"ful\, n.; pl. {Roomfuls}.
As much or many as a room will hold; as, a roomful of men.
--Swift.
Roomily \Room"i*ly\, adv.
Spaciously.
Roominess \Room"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being roomy; spaciousness; as, the
roominess of a hall.
Roomless \Room"less\, a.
Being without room or rooms. --Udall.
Roommate \Room"mate`\, n.
One of twe or more occupying the same room or rooms; one who
shares the occupancy of a room or rooms; a chum.
Roomsome \Room"some\, a.
Roomy. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
Roomth \Roomth\, n.
Room; space. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Roomthy \Roomth"y\, a.
Roomy; spacious. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Roomy \Room"y\, a.
Having ample room; spacious; large; as, a roomy mansion; a
roomy deck. --Dryden.
Roon \Roon\, a. & n.
Vermilion red; red. [R.]
Her face was like the lily roon. --J. R. Drake.
Roop \Roop\, n.
See {Roup}. [Prov. Eng.]
Roorback \Roor"back\, Roorbach \Roor"bach\, n.
A defamatory forgery or falsehood published for purposes of
political intrigue. [U.S.]
Note: The word originated in the election canvass of 1844,
when such a forgery was published, to the detriment of
James K. Polk, a candidate for President, purporting to
be an extract from the ``Travels of Baron Roorbach.''
Roosa oil \Roo"sa oil`\
The East Indian name for grass oil. See under {Grass}.
Roost \Roost\, n.
Roast. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Roost \Roost\, v. t.
See {Roust}, v. t.
Roost \Roost\, n. [AS. hr[=o]st; akin to OD. roest roost,
roesten to roost, and probably to E. roof. Cf. {Roof}.]
1. The pole or other support on which fowls rest at night; a
perch.
He clapped his wings upon his roost. --Dryden.
2. A collection of fowls roosting together.
{At roost}, on a perch or roost; hence, retired to rest.
Roost \Roost\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Roosted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Roosting}.]
1. To sit, rest, or sleep, as fowls on a pole, limb of a
tree, etc.; to perch. --Wordsworth.
2. Fig.; To lodge; to rest; to sleep.
O, let me where thy roof my soul hath hid, O, let me
roost and nestle there. --Herbert.
Roostcock \Roost"cock`\, n.
The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Rooster \Roost"er\, n.
The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. [U.S.]
Nor, when they [the Skinners and Cow Boys] wrung the
neck of a rooster, did they trouble their heads whether
he crowed for Congress or King George. --W. Irving.
Root \Root\, v. i. [AS. wr[=o]tan; akin to wr[=o]t a snout,
trunk, D. wroeten to root, G. r["u]ssel snout, trunk,
proboscis, Icel. r[=o]ta to root, and perhaps to L. rodere to
gnaw (E. rodent) or to E. root, n.]
1. To turn up the earth with the snout, as swine.
2. Hence, to seek for favor or advancement by low arts or
groveling servility; to fawn servilely.
Root \Root\, v. t.
To turn up or to dig out with the snout; as, the swine roots
the earth.
Root \Root\, n. [Icel. r[=o]t (for vr[=o]t); akin to E. wort,
and perhaps to root to turn up the earth. See {Wort}.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) The underground portion of a plant, whether a true
root or a tuber, a bulb or rootstock, as in the
potato, the onion, or the sweet flag.
(b) The descending, and commonly branching, axis of a
plant, increasing in length by growth at its extremity
only, not divided into joints, leafless and without
buds, and having for its offices to fix the plant in
the earth, to supply it with moisture and soluble
matters, and sometimes to serve as a reservoir of
nutriment for future growth. A true root, however, may
never reach the ground, but may be attached to a wall,
etc., as in the ivy, or may hang loosely in the air,
as in some epiphytic orchids.
2. An edible or esculent root, especially of such plants as
produce a single root, as the beet, carrot, etc.; as, the
root crop.
3. That which resembles a root in position or function, esp.
as a source of nourishment or support; that from which
anything proceeds as if by growth or development; as, the
root of a tooth, a nail, a cancer, and the like.
Specifically:
(a) An ancestor or progenitor; and hence, an early race; a
stem.
They were the roots out of which sprang two
distinct people. --Locke.
(b) A primitive form of speech; one of the earliest terms
employed in language; a word from which other words
are formed; a radix, or radical.
(c) The cause or occasion by which anything is brought
about; the source. ``She herself . . . is root of
bounty.'' --Chaucer.
The love of money is a root of all kinds of
evil. --1 Tim. vi.
10 (rev. Ver.)
(d) (Math.) That factor of a quantity which when
multiplied into itself will produce that quantity;
thus, 3 is a root of 9, because 3 multiplied into
itself produces 9; 3 is the cube root of 27.
(e) (Mus.) The fundamental tone of any chord; the tone
from whose harmonics, or overtones, a chord is
composed. --Busby.
(f) The lowest place, position, or part. ``Deep to the
roots of hell.'' --Milton. ``The roots of the
mountains.'' --Southey.
4. (Astrol.) The time which to reckon in making calculations.
When a root is of a birth yknowe [known]. --Chaucer.
{A["e]rial roots}. (Bot.)
(a) Small roots emitted from the stem of a plant in the
open air, which, attaching themselves to the bark of
trees, etc., serve to support the plant.
(b) Large roots growing from the stem, etc., which descend
and establish themselves in the soil. See Illust. of
{Mangrove}.
{Multiple primary root} (Bot.), a name given to the numerous
roots emitted from the radicle in many plants, as the
squash.
{Primary root} (Bot.), the central, first-formed, main root,
from which the rootlets are given off.
{Root and branch}, every part; wholly; completely; as, to
destroy an error root and branch.
{Root-and-branch men}, radical reformers; -- a designation
applied to the English Independents (1641). See Citation
under {Radical}, n., 2.
{Root barnacle} (Zo["o]l.), one of the Rhizocephala.
{Root hair} (Bot.), one of the slender, hairlike fibers found
on the surface of fresh roots. They are prolongations of
the superficial cells of the root into minute tubes.
--Gray.
{Root leaf} (Bot.), a radical leaf. See {Radical}, a., 3
(b) .
{Root louse} (Zo["o]l.), any plant louse, or aphid, which
lives on the roots of plants, as the Phylloxera of the
grapevine. See {Phylloxera}.
{Root of an equation} (Alg.), that value which, substituted
for the unknown quantity in an equation, satisfies the
equation.
{Root of a nail}
(Anat.), the part of a nail which is covered by the skin.
{Root of a tooth} (Anat.), the part of a tooth contained in
the socket and consisting of one or more fangs.
{Secondary roots} (Bot.), roots emitted from any part of the
plant above the radicle.
{To strike root}, {To take root}, to send forth roots; to
become fixed in the earth, etc., by a root; hence, in
general, to become planted, fixed, or established; to
increase and spread; as, an opinion takes root. ``The
bended twigs take root.'' --Milton.
Root \Root\ (r[=oo]t), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rooted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Rooting}.]
1. To fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots; to take
root and begin to grow.
In deep grounds the weeds root deeper. --Mortimer.
2. To be firmly fixed; to be established.
If any irregularity chanced to intervene and to
cause misappehensions, he gave them not leave to
root and fasten by concealment. --Bp. Fell.
Root \Root\, v. t.
1. To plant and fix deeply in the earth, or as in the earth;
to implant firmly; hence, to make deep or radical; to
establish; -- used chiefly in the participle; as, rooted
trees or forests; rooted dislike.
2. To tear up by the root; to eradicate; to extirpate; --
with up, out, or away. ``I will go root away the noisome
weeds.'' --Shak.
The Lord rooted them out of their land . . . and
cast them into another land. --Deut. xxix.
28.
Rootcap \Root"cap`\ (r[=oo]t"k[a^]p`), n. (Bot.)
A mass of parenchymatous cells which covers and protects the
growing cells at the end of a root; a pileorhiza.
Rooted \Root"ed\, a.
Having taken root; firmly implanted; fixed in the heart. ``A
rooted sorrow.'' --Shak. -- {Root"*ed*ly}, adv. --
{Root"ed*ness}, n.
Rooter \Rooter\, n.
One who, or that which, roots; one that tears up by the
roots.
Rootery \Root"er*y\, n.
A pile of roots, set with plants, mosses, etc., and used as
an ornamental object in gardening.
Rootless \Root"less\, a.
Destitute of roots.
Rootlet \Root"let\, n.
A radicle; a little root.
Rootstock \Root"stock`\, n. (Bot.)
A perennial underground stem, producing leafly s?ems or
flower stems from year to year; a rhizome.
Rooty \Root"y\, a.
Full of roots; as, rooty ground.
Ropalic \Ro*pal"ic\, a.
See {Rhopalic}.
Rope \Rope\, n. [AS. r[=a]p; akin to D. reep, G. reif ring hoop,
Icel. reip rope, Sw. rep, Dan. reb, reeb Goth. skaudaraip
latchet.]
1. A large, stout cord, usually one not less than an inch in
circumference, made of strands twisted or braided
together. It differs from cord, line, and string, only in
its size. See {Cordage}.
2. A row or string consisting of a number of things united,
as by braiding, twining, etc.; as, a rope of onions.
3. pl. The small intestines; as, the ropes of birds.
{Rope ladder}, a ladder made of ropes.
{Rope mat}., a mat made of cordage, or strands of old rope.
{Rope of sand}, something of no cohession or fiber; a feeble
union or tie; something not to be relied upon.
{Rope pump}, a pump in which a rapidly running endless rope
raises water by the momentum communicated to the water by
its adhesion to the rope.
{Rope transmission} (Mach.), a method of transmitting power,
as between distant places, by means of endless ropes
running over grooved pulleys.
{Rope's end}, a piece of rope; especially, one used as a lash
in inflicting punishment.
{To give one rope}, to give one liberty or license; to let
one go at will uncheked.
Rope \Rope\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Roped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Roping}.]
To be formed into rope; to draw out or extend into a filament
or thread, as by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality.
Let us not hang like ropingicicles Upon our houses'
thatch. --Shak.
Rope \Rope\, v. t.
1. To bind, fasten, or tie with a rope or cord; as, to rope a
bale of goods. Hence:
2. To connect or fasten together, as a party of mountain
climbers, with a rope.
3. To partition, separate, or divide off, by means of a rope,
so as to include or exclude something; as, to rope in, or
rope off, a plot of ground; to rope out a crowd.
4. To lasso (a steer, horse). [Colloq. U.S.]
5. To draw, as with a rope; to entice; to inveigle; to decoy;
as, to rope in customers or voters. [Slang, U.S.]
6. To prevent from winning (as a horse), by pulling or
curbing. [Racing Slang, Eng.]
Ropeband \Rope"band`\, n. (Naut.)
A small piece of spun yarn or marline, used to fasten the
head of the sail to the spar. [Written also {roband}, and
{robbin}.]
Ropedancer \Rope"dan`cer\, n.
One who dances, walks, or performs acrobatic feats, on a rope
extended through the air at some height. -- {Rope"dan`cing},
n.
Roper \Rop"er\, n.
1. A maker of ropes. --P. Plowman.
2. One who ropes goods; a packer.
3. One fit to be hanged. [Old Slang] --Douce.
Ropery \Rop"er*y\, n.
1. A place where ropes are made.
2. Tricks deserving the halter; roguery. [Obs.] ``Saucy
merchant . . . so full of his ropery.'' --Shak.
Rope's-end \Rope's"-end`\, v. t.
To punish with a rope's end.
Ropewalk \Rope"walk`\, a.
A long, covered walk, or a low, level building, where ropes
are manufactured.
Ropewalker \Rope"walk`er\, n.
A ropedancer.
Rope-yarn \Rope"-yarn`\, n.
the yarn or thread of any stuff of which the strands of a
rope are made.
Ropily \Rop"i*ly\, adv.
In a ropy manner; in a viscous or glutinous manner.
Ropiness \Rop"i*ness\, n.
Quality of being ropy; viscosity.
Ropish \Rop"ish\, a.
Somewhat ropy.
Ropy \Rop"y\, a.
capable of being drawn into a thread, as a glutinous
substance; stringy; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy
sirup; ropy lees.
Roquelaure \Roq"ue*laure\ (?; 277), n. [F.; so called after Duc
de Roquelaure, in the reign of Louis XIV.]
A cloak reaching about to, or just below, the knees, worn in
the 18th century. [Written also {roquelo}.]
Roquet \Ro*quet"\, v. t. [Etymol. uncertain] (Croquet)
To hit, as another's ball, with one's own ball.
Roquet \Ro*quet"\, v. i.
To hit another's ball with one's own.
Roral \Ro"ral\, a. [L. ros, roris, dew.]
Of or pertaining to dew; consisting of dew; dewy. [R.] --M.
Green.
Roration \Ro*ra"tion\, n. [L. roratio, fr. rorare to drop dew,
fr. ros dew.]
A falling of dew. [R.]
Roric \Ro"ric\, a. [L. ros, roris, dew.]
Of or pertaining to dew; resembling dew; dewy.
{Roric figures} (Physics), figures which appear upon a
polished surface, as glass, when objects which have been
near to, or in contact with, the surface are removed and
the surface breathed upon; -- called also {Moser's
images}.
Rorid \Ro"rid\, a. [L. roridus, fr. ros, roris, dew.]
Dewy; bedewed. [R.] --T. Granger.
Roriferous \Ro*rif"er*ous\, a. [L. rorifer; ros, roris, dew +
ferre to bear: cf. F. rorif[`e]re.]
generating or producing dew. [R.]
Rorifluent \Ro*rif"lu*ent\, a. [L. ros, roris, dew + fluens, p.
pr. of fluere to flow.]
Flowing with dew. [R.]
Rorqual \Ror"qual\, n. [Norw. rorqualus a whale with folds.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A very large North Atlantic whalebone whale ({Physalus
antiquorum}, or {Bal[ae]noptera physalus}). It has a dorsal
fin, and strong longitudinal folds on the throat and belly.
Called also {razorback}.
Note: It is one of the largest of the whales, somethimes
becoming nearly one hundred feet long, but it is more
slender than the right whales, and is noted for its
swiftness. The name is sometimes applied to other
related species of finback whales.
Rorulent \Ro"ru*lent\, a. [L. rorulentus, from ros, roris, dew.]
1. Full of, or abounding in, dew. [R.]
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having the surface appearing as if dusty, or
covered with fine dew.
Rory \Ro"ry\, a. [L. ros, roris, dew.]
Dewy. [R.]
And shook his wings with rory May-dew wet. --Fairfax.
Rosaceous \Ro*sa"ceous\, a. [L. rosaceus, fr. rosa rose.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants
({Rosace[ae]}) of which the rose is the type. It
includes also the plums and cherries, meadowsweet,
brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies,
pears, service trees, and quinces.
(b) Like a rose in shape or appearance; as, a rosaceous
corolla.
2. Of a pure purpish pink color.
Rosacic \Ro*sac"ic\, a. [See {Rosaceous}.] (Old med. Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also lithic
acid) found in certain red precipitates of urine. See {Uric}.
[Obs.]
Rosalgar \Ro*sal"gar\, n.
realgar. [Obs.] --chaucer.
Rosalia \Ro*sa"li*a\, n. [Cf. F. rosalie.] (Mus.)
A form of melody in which a phrase or passage is successively
repeated, each time a step or half step higher; a melodic
sequence.
Rosaniline \Ros*an"i*line\ (? or ?), n. [Rose + aniline.]
(Chem.)
A complex nitrogenous base, {C20H21N3O}, obtained by
oxidizing a mixture of aniline and toluidine, as a colorless
crystalline substance which forms red salts. These salts are
essential components of many of the socalled aniline dyes, as
fuchsine, aniline red, etc. By extension, any one of the
series of substances derived from, or related to, rosaniline
proper.
Rosarian \Ro*sa"ri*an\, n.
A cultivator of roses.
Rosary \Ro"sa*ry\, n.; pl. {Rosaries}. [LL. rosarium a string of
beads, L. rosarium a place planted with roses, rosa a rose:
cf. F. rosaire. See {Rose}.]
1. A bed of roses, or place where roses grow. ``Thick
rosaries of scented thorn.'' --Tennyson.
2. (R.C.Ch.) A series of prayers (see Note below) arranged to
be recited in order, on beads; also, a string of beads by
which the prayers are counted.
His idolized book, and the whole rosary of his
prayers. --Milton.
Note: A rosary consists of fifteen decades. Each decade
contains ten Ave Marias marked by small beads, preceded
by a Paternoster, marked by a larger bead, and
concluded by a Gloria Patri. Five decades make a
chaplet, a third part of the rosary. --Bp. Fitzpatrick.
3. A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection, as of
beautiful thoughts or of literary selections.
Every day propound to yourself a rosary or chaplet
of good works to present to God at night. --Jer.
Taylor.
4. A coin bearing the figure of a rose, fraudulently
circulated in Ireland in the 13th century for a penny.
{Rosary shell} (Zo["o]l.), any marine gastropod shell of the
genus {Monodonta}. They are top-shaped, bright-colored and
pearly.
Roscid \Ros"cid\, a. [L. roscidus, fr. ros, roris, dew.]
Containing, or consisting of, dew; dewy. [R.] --Bacon.
Roscoelite \Ros"coe*lite\, n. [From an English chemist, H.E.
Roscoe + -lite.] (Min.)
A green micaceous mineral occurring in minute scales. It is
essentially a silicate of aluminia and potash containing
vanadium.
Rose \Rose\,
imp. of {Rise}.
Rose \Rose\, n. [AS. rose, L. rosa, probably akin to Gr. ?,
Armor. vard, OPer. vareda; and perhaps to E. wort: cf. F.
rose, from the Latin. Cf. {Copperas}, {Rhododendron}.]
1. A flower and shrub of any species of the genus {Rosa}, of
which there are many species, mostly found in the morthern
hemispere
Note: Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually
prickly stems. The flowers are large, and in the wild
state have five petals of a color varying from deep
pink to white, or sometimes yellow. By cultivation and
hybridizing the number of petals is greatly increased
and the natural perfume enhanced. In this way many
distinct classes of roses have been formed, as the
Banksia, Baurbon, Boursalt, China, Noisette, hybrid
perpetual, etc., with multitudes of varieties in nearly
every class.
2. A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a
rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. --Sha.
3. (Arch.) A rose window. See {Rose window}, below.
4. A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for
delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a
strainer at the foot of a pump.
5. (Med.) The erysipelas. --Dunglison.
6. The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card
with radiating lines, used in other instruments.
7. The color of a rose; rose-red; pink.
8. A diamond. See {Rose diamond}, below.
{Cabbage rose}, {China rose}, etc. See under {Cabbage},
{China}, etc.
{Corn rose} (Bot.) See {Corn poppy}, under {Corn}.
{Infantile rose} (Med.), a variety of roseola.
{Jamaica rose}. (Bot.) See under {Jamaica}.
{Rose acacia} (Bot.), a low American leguminous shrub
({Robinia hispida}) with handsome clusters of rose-colored
blossoms.
{Rose aniline}. (Chem.) Same as {Rosaniline}.
{Rose apple} (Bot.), the fruit of the tropical myrtaceous
tree {Eugenia Jambos}. It is an edible berry an inch or
more in diameter, and is said to have a very strong
roselike perfume.
{Rose beetle}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small yellowish or buff longlegged beetle
({Macrodactylus subspinosus}), which eats the leaves
of various plants, and is often very injurious to
rosebushes, apple trees, grapevines, etc. Called also
{rose bug}, and {rose chafer}.
(b) The European chafer.
{Rose bug}. (Zo["o]l.) same as {Rose beetle}, {Rose chafer}.
{Rose burner}, a kind of gas-burner producing a rose-shaped
flame.
{Rose camphor} (Chem.), a solid odorless substance which
separates from rose oil.
{Rose campion}. (Bot.) See under {Campion}.
{Rose catarrh} (Med.), rose cold.
{Rose chafer}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A common European beetle ({Cetonia aurata}) which is
often very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also
{rose beetle}, and {rose fly}.
(b) The rose beetle
(a) .
{Rose cold} (Med.), a variety of hay fever, sometimes
attributed to the inhalation of the effluvia of roses. See
{Hay fever}, under {Hay}.
{Rose color}, the color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful
hue or appearance; fancied beauty, attractiveness, or
promise.
{Rose de Pompadour}, {Rose du Barry}, names succesively given
to a delicate rose color used on S[`e]vres porcelain.
{Rose diamond}, a diamond, one side of which is flat, and the
other cut into twenty-four triangular facets in two ranges
which form a convex face pointed at the top. Cf.
{Brilliant}, n.
{Rose ear}. See under {Ear}.
{Rose elder} (Bot.), the Guelder-rose.
{Rose engine}, a machine, or an appendage to a turning lathe,
by which a surface or wood, metal, etc., is engraved with
a variety of curved lines. --Craig.
{Rose family} (Bot.) the {Rosece[ae]}. See {Rosaceous}.
{Rose fever} (Med.), rose cold.
{Rose fly} (Zo["o]l.), a rose betle, or rose chafer.
{Rose gall} (Zo["o]l.), any gall found on rosebushes. See
{Bedeguar}.
{Rose knot}, a ribbon, or other pliade band plaited so as to
resemble a rose; a rosette.
{Rose lake}, {Rose madder}, a rich tint prepared from lac and
madder precipitated on an earthy basis. --Fairholt.
{Rose mallow}. (Bot.)
(a) A name of several malvaceous plants of the genus
{Hibiscus}, with large rose-colored flowers.
(b) the hollyhock.
{Rose nail}, a nail with a convex, faceted head.
{Rose noble}, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the
figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward
III., and current at 6s. 8d. --Sir W. Scott.
{Rose of China}. (Bot.) See {China rose}
(b), under {China}.
{Rose of Jericho} (Bot.), a Syrian cruciferous plant
({Anastatica Hierochuntica}) which rolls up when dry, and
expands again when moistened; -- called also {resurrection
plant}.
{Rose of Sharon} (Bot.), an ornamental malvaceous shrub
({Hibiscus Syriacus}). In the Bible the name is used for
some flower not yet identified, perhaps a Narcissus, or
possibly the great lotus flower.
{Rose oil} (Chem.), the yellow essential oil extracted from
various species of rose blossoms, and forming the chief
part of attar of roses.
{Rose pink}, a pigment of a rose color, made by dyeing chalk
or whiting with a decoction of Brazil wood and alum; also,
the color of the pigment.
{Rose quartz} (Min.), a variety of quartz which is rose-red.
{Rose rash}. (Med.) Same as {Roseola}.
{Rose slug} (Zo["o]l.), the small green larva of a black
sawfly ({Selandria ros[ae]}). These larv[ae] feed in
groups on the parenchyma of the leaves of rosebushes, and
are often abundant and very destructive.
{Rose window} (Arch.), a circular window filled with
ornamental tracery. Called also {Catherine wheel}, and
{marigold window}. Cf. {wheel window}, under {Wheel}.
{Summer rose} (Med.), a variety of roseola. See {Roseola}.
{Under the rose} [a translation of L. sub rosa], in secret;
privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure; -- the
rose being among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and
hung up at entertainments as a token that nothing there
said was to be divulged.
{Wars of the Roses} (Eng. Hist.), feuds between the Houses of
York and Lancaster, the white rose being the badge of the
House of York, and the red rose of the House of Lancaster.
Rose \Rose\, v. t.
1. To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush. [Poetic] ``A
maid yet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty.''
--Shak.
2. To perfume, as with roses. [Poetic] --Tennyson.
Roseal \Ro"se*al\, a. [L. roseus, fr. rosa a rose.]
resembling a rose in smell or color. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot.
Roseate \Ro"se*ate\, a. [Cf. L. roseus, rosatus, prepared from
roses. See {Roseal}, {Rose}.]
1. Full of roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers.
2. resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp., tinged with
rose color; blooming; as, roseate beauty; her roseate
lips.
{Roseate tern} (Zo["o]l.), an American and European tern
({Sterna Dougalli}) whose breast is roseate in the
breeding season.
Rosebay \Rose"bay`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) the oleander. [Obs.]
(b) Any shrub of the genus {Rhododendron}. [U.S.]
(c) An herb ({Epilobium spicatum}) with showy purple
flowers, common in Europe and North America; -- called
also {great willow herb}.
Rosebud \Rose"bud`\, n.
The flower of a rose before it opens, or when but partially
open.
Rosebush \Rose"bush`\, n.
The bush or shrub which bears roses.
Rose-colored \Rose"-col`ored\, a.
1. Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; of a delicate
pink color.
2. Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine or
pleasing; alluring; as, rose-colored anticipations.
Rose-cut \Rose"-cut`\, a.
Cut flat on the reverse, and with a convex face formed of
triangular facets in rows; -- said of diamonds and other
precious stones. See {Rose diamond}, under {Rose}. Cf.
{Brilliant}, n.
Rosedrop \Rose"drop`\, n.
1. A lozenge having a rose flavor.
2. A kind of earring. --Simmonds.
3. (Med.) A ruddy eruption upon the nose caused by drinking
ardent spirits; a grog blossom.
Rosefinch \Rose"finch\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of Asiatic finches of the genera
{Carpodacus}, and {Propasser}, and allied genera, in which
the male is more or less colored with rose red.
Rosefish \Rose"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large marine scorp[ae]noid food fish ({Sebastes marinus})
found on the northern coasts of Europe and America. called
also {red perch}, {hemdurgan}, {Norway haddok}, and also,
erroneously, {snapper}, {bream}, and {bergylt}.
Note: When full grown it is usually bright rose-red or
orange-red; the young are usually mottled with red and
ducky brown.
Rosehead \Rose"head`\, n.
1. See {Rose}, n., 4.
2. A many-sided pyramidal head upon a nail; also a nail with
such a head.
Roseine \Ro"se*ine\ (? or ?), n.
See {Magenta}.
Roselite \Ro"se*lite\, n. [From the German mineralogist G. Rose
+ -lite.] (Min.)
A hydrous arsenite of cobalt, occuring in small red crystals,
allied to erythrite.
Rosella \Ro"sel"la\, n. [NL., dim. of L. rosa rose.] (Zo["o]l.)
A beautiful Australian parrakeet ({Platycercus eximius})
often kept as a cage bird. The head and back of the neck are
scarlet, the throat is white, the back dark green varied with
lighter green, and the breast yellow.
Roselle \Ro*selle"\, n. (Bot.)
a malvaceous plant ({Hibiscus Sabdariffa}) cultivated in the
east and West Indies for its fleshy calyxes, which are used
for making tarts and jelly and an acid drink.
Rosemaloes \Rose`mal"oes\, n. [From the native name; cf. Malay
rasam[=a]la the name of the tree.]
The liquid storax of the East Indian {Liquidambar
orientalis}.
Rosemary \Rose"ma*ry\, n. [OE. rosmarine, L. rosmarinus; ros dew
(cf. Russ. rosa, Lith. rasa, Skr. rasa juice) + marinus
marine: cf. F. romarin. In English the word has been changed
as if it meant the rose of Mary. See {Marine}.]
A labiate shrub ({Rosmarinus officinalis}) with narrow
grayish leaves, growing native in the southern part of
France, Spain, and Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It
has a fragrant smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste.
It is used in cookery, perfumery, etc., and is an emblem of
fidelity or constancy.
There's rosemary, that's for remembrance. --Shak.
{Marsh rosemary}.
(a) A little shrub (Andromeda polifolia) growing in cold
swamps and having leaves like those of the rosemary.
(b) See under {Marsh}.
{Rosemary pine}, the loblolly pine. See under {Loblolly}.
Rosen \Ros"en\, a.
Consisting of roses; rosy. [Obs.]
Rosenmuller's organ \Ro"sen*m["u]l`ler's or"gan\ [So named from
its first describer, J. C. Rosenm["u]ller, a German
anatomist.] (Anat.)
The parovarium.
Roseo- \Ro"se*o-\ (Chem.)
A prefix (also used adjectively) signifying rose-red;
specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds
(called roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf.
{Luteo}-.
Roseola \Ro*se"o*la\, n. [NL., dim. of L. rosa a rose.] (med.)
A rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in
circumscribed patches of little or no elevation and often
alternately fading and reviving; also, an acute specific
disease which is characterized by an eruption of this
character; -- called also {rose rash}. -- {Ro*se"o*lous}, a.
Rose-pink \Rose"-pink`\, a.
1. Having a pink color like that of the rose, or like the
pigment called rose pink. See {Rose pink}, under {Rose}.
2. Disposed to clothe everything with roseate hues; hence,
sentimental. ``Rose-pink piety.'' --C. Kingsley.
Roser \Ros"er\, n.
A rosier; a rosebush. [Obs.]
Rose-red \Rose"-red`\, a.
Red as a rose; specifically (Zo["o]l.), of a pure purplish
red color. --Chaucer.
Rose-rial \Rose"-ri`al\, n. [See {Rose}, and {Royal}.]
A name of several English gold coins struck in different
reigns and having having different values; a rose noble.
Roseroot \Rose"root`\, n. (Bot.)
A fleshy-leaved herb ({Rhodiola rosea}); rosewort; -- so
called because the roots have the odor of roses.
Rosery \Ros"er*y\, n.
A place where roses are cultivated; a nursery of roses. See
{Rosary}, 1.
Roset \Ro"set\, n. [F. rosette. See {Rosette}.]
A red color used by painters. --Peacham.
Ro-setta stone \Ro-set"ta stone`\
A stone found at Rosetta, in Egypt, bearing a trilingual
inscription, by aid of which, with other inscriptions, a key
was obtained to the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. --Brande
& C.
Rosetta wood \Ro*set"ta wood`\
An east Indian wood of a reddish orange color, handsomely
veined with darker marks. It is occasionally used for
cabinetwork. --Ure.
Rosette \Ro*sette\, n. [F., dim. of rose a rose. Cf. {Roset}.]
1. An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other
material, -- used as an ornament or a badge.
2. (Arch.) An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel,
-much used in decoration.
3. A red color. See {Roset}.
4. A rose burner. See under {Rose}.
5. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any structure having a flowerlike form; especially,
the group of five broad ambulacra on the upper side of
the spatangoid and clypeastroid sea urchins. See
Illust. of {Spicule}, and {Sand dollar}, under {Sand}.
(b) A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on the
leopard.
Rose water \Rose" wa`ter\
Water tinctured with roses by distillation.
Rose-water \Rose"-wa`ter\, a.
Having the odor of rose water; hence, affectedly nice or
delicate; sentimental. ``Rose-water philanthropy.''
--Carlyle.
Rosewood \Rose"wood\, n.
A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and
variegated with black, obtained from several tropical
leguminous trees of the genera {Dalbergia} and
{Mach[ae]rium}. The finest kind is from Brazil, and is said
to be from the {Dalbergia nigra}.
{African rosewood}, the wood of the leguminous tree
{Pterocarpus erinaceus}.
{Jamaica rosewood}, the wood of two West Indian trees
({Amyris balsamifera}, and {Linocieria ligustrina}).
{New South Wales rosewood}, the wood of {Trichilia
glandulosa}, a tree related to the margosa.
Roseworm \Rose"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The larva of any one of several species of lepidopterous
insects which feed upon the leaves, buds, or blossoms of the
rose, especially {Cac[ae]cia rosaceana}, which rolls up the
leaves for a nest, and devours both the leaves and buds.
Rosewort \Rose"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) Roseroot.
(b) Any plant nearly related to the rose. --Lindley.
Rosicrucian \Ros`i*cru"cian\, n. [The name is probably due to a
German theologian, Johann Valentin Andre["a], who in
anonymous pamphlets called himself a knight of the Rose Cross
(G. Rosenkreuz), using a seal with a St. Andrew's cross and
four roses.)]
One who, in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th,
claimed to belong to a secret society of philosophers deeply
versed in the secrets of nature, -- the alleged society
having existed, it was stated, several hundred years.
Note: The Rosicrucians also called brothers of the Rosy
Cross, Rosy-cross Knights, Rosy-cross philosophers,
etc. Among other pretensions, they claimed to be able
to transmute metals, to prolong life, to know what is
passing in distant places, and to discover the most
hidden things by the application of the Cabala and
science of numbers.
Rosicrucian \Ros`i*cru"cian\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts.
Rosied \Ros"ied\, a.
Decorated with roses, or with the color of roses.
Rosier \Ro"sier\, n. [F., fr. L. rosarius of roses. Cf.
{Rosary}.]
A rosebush; roses, collectively. [Obs.]
Crowned with a garland of sweet rosier. --Spenser.
Rosily \Ros"i*ly\, adv.
In a rosy manner. --M. Arnold.
Rosin \Ros"in\, n. [A variant of resin.]
The hard, amber-colored resin left after distilling off the
volatile oil of turpentine; colophony.
{Rosin oil}, an oil obtained from the resin of the pine tree,
-- used by painters and for lubricating machinery, etc.
Rosin \Ros"in\, v. t.
To rub with rosin, as musicians rub the bow of a violin.
Or with the rosined bow torment the string. --Gay.
Rosiness \Ros"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being rosy.
Rosinweed \Ros"in*weed`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) The compass plant. See under {Compass}.
(b) A name given in California to various composite plants
which secrete resins or have a resinous smell.
Rosiny \Ros"in*y\, a.
like rosin, or having its qualities.
Rosland \Ros"land\, n. [W. rhos a meadow, a moor + E. land.]
heathy land; land full of heather; moorish or watery land.
[prov. Eng.]
Rosmarine \Ros"ma*rine`\, n. [OE. See {Rosemary}.]
1. Dew from the sea; sea dew. [Obs.]
That purer brine And wholesome dew called rosmarine.
--B. Jonson.
2. Rosemary. [Obs.] --Spenser. ``Biting on anise seed and
rosmarine.'' --Bp. Hall.
Rosmarine \Ros"ma*rine\, n. [Norw. rosmar a walrus; ros a horse
(akin to E. horse) + (probably) mar the sea.]
A fabulous sea animal which was reported to climb by means of
its teeth to the tops of rocks to feed upon the dew.
And greedly rosmarines with visages deforme. --Spenser.
Rosolic \Ro*sol"ic\, a. [Rose + carbolic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called
rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It
is produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a
dark red amorphous mass, {C20H16O3}, which forms weak salts
with bases, and stable ones with acids. Called also {methyl
aurin}, and, formerly, {corallin}.
Ross \Ross\; 115), n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
The rough, scaly matter on the surface of the bark of trees.
[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Ross \Ross\, v. t.
To divest of the ross, or rough, scaly surface; as, to ross
bark. [Local, U.S.]
Rossel \Ros"sel\, n.
Light land; rosland. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Mortimer.
Rossel current \Ros"sel cur`rent\ [From Rossel Island, in the
Louisiade Archipelago.] (Oceanography)
A portion of the southern equatorial current flowing westward
from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Rosselly \Ros"sel*ly\, a.
Loose; light. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Rost \Rost\, n.
See {Roust}. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Rostel \Ros"tel\, n. [L. rostellum, dim. of rostrum a beak: cf.
F. rostelle.]
same as {Rostellum}.
Rostellar \Ros*tel"lar\, a.
Pertaining to a rostellum.
Rostellate \Ros"tel*late\, a. [NL. rostellatus.]
Having a rostellum, or small beak; terminating in a beak.
Rostelliform \Ros*tel"li*form\, a.
Having the form of a rostellum, or small beak.
Rostellum \Ros*tel"lum\, n.; pl. {Rostella}. [L. See {Rostel}.]
A small beaklike process or extension of some part; a small
rostrum; as, the rostellum of the stigma of violets, or of
the operculum of many mosses; the rostellum on the head of a
tapeworm.
Roster \Ros"ter\, n. [Perhaps a corruption of register; or cf.
roll.] (Mil.)
A register or roll showing the order in which officers,
enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called on to serve.
Rostra \Ros"tra\, n. pl.
See {Rostrum}, 2.
Rostral \Ros"tral\, a. [L. rostralis, fr. rostrum a beak; cf. F.
rostral.]
Of or pertaining to the beak or snout of an animal, or the
beak of a ship; resembling a rostrum, esp., the rostra at
Rome, or their decorations.
[Monuments] adorned with rostral crowns and naval
ornaments. --Addison.
Rostrate \Ros"trate\, Rostrated \Ros"tra*ted\, a. [L. rostratus,
fr. rostrum a beak. See {Rostrum}.]
1. Having a process resembling the beak of a bird; beaked;
rostellate.
2. Furnished or adorned with beaks; as, rostrated galleys.
Rostrifera \Ros*trif"e*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. rostrum beak +
ferre to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, having the head
prolonged into a snout which is not retractile.
Rostriform \Ros"tri*form\, a. [L. rostrum a beak + -form: cf. F.
rostrifarme.]
Having the form of a beak.
Rostrulum \Ros"tru*lum\ (-tr[.u]*l[u^]m), n.; pl. {Rostrula}.
[NL., dim. of L. rostrum a beak.]
A little rostrum, or beak, as of an insect.
Rostrum \Ros"trum\ (-tr[u^]m), n.; pl. L. {Rostra}, E.
{Rostrums}. [L., beak, ship's beak, fr. rodere, rosum, to
gnaw. See {Rodent}.]
1. The beak or head of a ship.
2. pl. ({Rostra}) (Rom. Antiq.) The Beaks; the stage or
platform in the forum where orations, pleadings, funeral
harangues, etc., were delivered; -- so called because
after the Latin war, it was adorned with the beaks of
captured vessels; later, applied also to other platforms
erected in Rome for the use of public orators.
3. Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit or platform
occupied by an orator or public speaker.
Myself will mount the rostrum in his favor.
--Addison.
4. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any beaklike prolongation, esp. of the head of an
animal, as the beak of birds.
(b) The beak, or sucking mouth parts, of Hemiptera.
(c) The snout of a gastropod mollusk. See Illust. of
{Littorina}.
(d) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of the
carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the
prawn.
5. (Bot.) Same as {Rostellum}.
6. (Old Chem.) The pipe to convey the distilling liquor into
its receiver in the common alembic. --Quincy.
7. (Surg.) A pair of forceps of various kinds, having a
beaklike form. [Obs.] --Coxe.
Rosulate \Ro"su*late\, a. [NL. rosulatus, fr. L. rosa a rose.]
(Bot.)
Arranged in little roselike clusters; -- said of leaves and
bracts.
Rosy \Ros"y\, a. [Compar. {Rosier}; superl. {Rosiest}.]
Resembling a rose in color, form, or qualities; blooming;
red; blushing; also, adorned with roses.
A smile that glowed Celestial rosy-red, love's proper
hue. --Milton.
While blooming youth and gay delight Sit thy rosy
cheeks confessed. --Prior.
Note: Rosy is sometimes used in the formation of
self?xplaining compounde; as, rosy-bosomed,
rosy-colored, rosy-crowned, rosy-fingered, rosy-tinted.
{Rosy cross}. See the Note under {Rosicrucian}, n.
Rot \Rot\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rotted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rotting}.] [OE. rotien, AS. rotian; akin to D. rotten, Prov.
G. rotten, OHG. rozz?n, G. r["o]sten to steep flax, Icel.
rotna to rot, Sw. ruttna, Dan. raadne, Icel. rottin rotten.
[root]117. Cf. {Ret}, {Rotten}.]
1. To undergo a process common to organic substances by which
they lose the cohesion of their parts and pass through
certain chemical changes, giving off usually in some
stages of the process more or less offensive odors; to
become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to
decay.
Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot, To draw
nutrition, propagate, and rot. --Pope.
2. Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to die; to
become corrupt.
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
Rot, poor bachelor, in your club. --Thackeray.
Syn: To putrefy; corrupt; decay; spoil.
Rot \Rot\, v. t.
1. To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially
decomposed by natural processes; as, to rot vegetable
fiber.
2. To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for
the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret.
Rot \Rot\, n.
1. Process of rotting; decay; putrefaction.
2. (Bot.) A disease or decay in fruits, leaves, or wood,
supposed to be caused by minute fungi. See {Bitter rot},
{Black rot}, etc., below.
3. [Cf. G. rotz glanders.] A fatal distemper which attacks
sheep and sometimes other animals. It is due to the
presence of a parasitic worm in the liver or gall bladder.
See 1st {Fluke}, 2.
His cattle must of rot and murrain die. --Milton.
{Bitter rot} (Bot.), a disease of apples, caused by the
fungus {Gl[ae]osporium fructigenum}. --F. L. Scribner.
{Black rot} (Bot.), a disease of grapevines, attacking the
leaves and fruit, caused by the fungus {L[ae]stadia
Bidwellii}. --F. L. Scribner.
{Dry rot} (Bot.) See under {Dry}.
{Grinder's rot} (Med.) See under {Grinder}.
{Potato rot}. (Bot.) See under {Potato}.
{White rot} (Bot.), a disease of grapes, first appearing in
whitish pustules on the fruit, caused by the fungus
{Coniothyrium diplodiella}. --F. L. Scribner.
Rota \Ro"ta\, n. [L. rota wheel. The name is said to allude to
the design of the floor of the room in which the court used
to sit, which was that of a wheel. See {Rotary}.]
1. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, called also {Rota
Romana}, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It
consists of twelve members.
2. (Eng. Hist.) A short-lived political club established in
1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine
of election of the principal officers of the state by
ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of
Parliament.
Rota \Ro"ta\, n. (Mus.)
A species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the Middle
Ages in church music; -- written also {rotta}.
Rotacism \Ro"ta*cism\, n.
See {Rhotacism}.
Rotal \Ro"tal\, a.
Relating to wheels or to rotary motion; rotary. [R.]
Rotalite \Ro"ta*lite\, n. [L. rota wheel + -lite.] (Paleon.)
Any fossil foraminifer of the genus {Rotalia}, abundant in
the chalk formation. See Illust. under {Rhizopod}.
Rotary \Ro"ta*ry\, a. [L. rota a wheel. See {Roll}, v., and cf.
{barouche}, {Rodomontade}, {Rou['e]}, {Round}, a., {Rowel}.]
Turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or
resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis; rotatory; as,
rotary motion.
{Rotary engine}, steam engine in which the continuous
rotation of the shaft is produced by the direct action of
the steam upon rotating devices which serve as pistons,
instead of being derived from a reciprocating motion, as
in the ordinary engine; a steam turbine; -- called also
{rotatory engine}.
{Rotary pump}, a pump in which the fluid is impelled by
rotating devices which take the place of reciprocating
buckets or pistons.
{Rotary shears}, shears, as for cloth, metal, etc., in which
revolving sharp-edged or sharp-cornered wheels do the
cutting.
{Rotary valve}, a valve acting by continuous or partial
rotation, as in the four-way cock.
Rotascope \Ro"ta*scope\, n. [L. rota a wheel + -scope.]
Same as {Gyroscope}, 1.
Rotate \Ro"tate\, a. [L. rotatus, p. p. of rotare to turn round
like a wheel, fr. rota wheel. See {Rotary}, and cf. {Roue}.]
Having the parts spreading out like a wheel; wheel-shaped;
as, a rotate spicule or scale; a rotate corolla, i.e., a
monopetalous corolla with a flattish border, and no tube or a
very short one.
Rotate \Ro"tate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rotated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rotating}.]
1. To turn, as a wheel, round an axis; to revolve.
2. To perform any act, function, or operation in turn, to
hold office in turn; as, to rotate in office.
Rotate \Ro"tate\, v. i.
1. To cause to turn round or revolve, as a wheel around an
axle.
2. To cause to succeed in turn; esp., to cause to succeed
some one, or to be succeeded by some one, in office.
[Colloq.] ``Both, after a brief service, were rotated out
of office.'' --Harper's Mag.
Rotated \Ro"ta*ted\, a.
Turned round, as a wheel; also, wheel-shaped; rotate.
Rotation \Ro*ta"tion\, n. [L. rotatio: cf. F. rotation.]
1. The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its
axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a
revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the
daily turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; its
annual motion round the sun is a revolution.
2. Any return or succesion in a series.
{Moment of rotation}. See {Moment of inertia}, under
{Moment}.
{Rotation in office}, the practice of changing public
officers at frequent intervals by discharges and
substitutions.
{Rotation of crops}, the practices of cultivating an orderly
succession of different crops on the same land.
Rotation \Ro*ta"tion\, a.
Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of,
or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity.
Rotative \Ro"ta*tive\, a. [Cf. F. rotatif.]
turning, as a wheel; rotary; rotational.
This high rotative velocity of the sun must cause an
equatorial rise of the solar atmosphere. --Siemens.
{Rotative engine}, a steam engine in which the reciprocating
motion of the piston is transformed into a continuous
rotary motion, as by means of a connecting rod, a working
beam and crank, or an oscillating cylinder.
Rotator \Ro*ta"tor\, n. [L.]
1. (Anat.) that which gives a rotary or rolling motion, as a
muscle which partially rotates or turns some part on its
axis.
2. (Metal.) A revolving reverberatory furnace.
Rotatoria \Ro`ta*to"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Rotifera}.
Rotatory \Ro"ta*to*ry\, a. [Cf. F. rotatoire. See {Rotate},
{Rotary}.]
1. Turning as on an axis; rotary.
2. Going in a circle; following in rotation or succession;
as, rotatory assembles. --Burke.
3. (Opt.) Producing rotation of the plane of polarization;
as, the rotatory power of bodies on light. See the Note
under {polarization}. --Nichol.
Rotatory \Ro"ta*to*ry\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A rotifer. [R.] --Kirby.
Rotche \Rotche\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A very small arctic sea bird ({Mergulus alle}, or {Alle
alle}) common on both coasts of the Atlantic in winter; --
called also {little auk}, {dovekie}, {rotch}, {rotchie}, and
{sea dove}.
Rotchet \Rotch"et\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European red gurnard ({Trigla pini}).
Rote \Rote\, n.
A root. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rote \Rote\, n. [OE. rote, probably of German origin; cf. MHG.
rotte, OHG. rota, hrota, LL. chrotta. Cf. {Crowd} a kind of
violin.] (Mus.)
A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small
wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the
hurdy-gurdy.
Well could he sing and play on a rote. --Chaucer.
extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds,
and rotes. --Sir W.
Scott.
Rote \Rote\, n. [Cf. {Rut} roaring.]
The noise produced by the surf of the sea dashing upon the
shore. See {Rut}.
Rote \Rote\, n. [OF. rote, F. route, road, path. See {Route},
and cf. {Rut} a furrow, {Routine}.]
A frequent repetition of forms of speech without attention to
the meaning; mere repetition; as, to learn rules by rote.
--Swift.
till he the first verse could [i. e., knew] all by
rote. --Chaucer.
Thy love did read by rote, and could not spell. --Shak.
Rote \Rote\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Roted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Roting}.]
To learn or repeat by rote. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rote \Rote\, v. i.
To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. [Obs.]
--Z. Grey.
Rotella \Ro*tel"la\, n. [NL., dim. of rota wheel; cf. LL.
rotella a little whell.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of small, polished, brightcolored
gastropods of the genus {Rotella}, native of tropical seas.
Rotgut \Rot"gut\, n.
1. Bad small beer. [Slang]
2. Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when adulterated so
as to be very deleterious. [Slang]
Rother \Roth"er\, a. [AS. hry[eth]er; cf. D. rund.] (Zo["o]l.)
Bovine. -- n. A bovine beast. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Rother beasts}, cattle of the bovine genus; black cattle.
[Obs.] --Golding.
{Rother soil}, the dung of rother beasts.
Rother \Roth"er\, n. [OE. See {Rudder}.]
A rudder.
{Rother nail}, a nail with a very full head, used for
fastening the rudder irons of ships; -- so called by
shipwrights.
Rotifer \Ro"ti*fer\ (?; 277), n. [NL. see {Rotifera}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the Rotifera. See Illust. in Appendix.
Rotifera \Ro*tif"e*ra\, n.; pl. [NL., from L. rota ? wheel +
ferre to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of minute worms which usually have one or two groups
of vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often
give an appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species
are very numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified
in form and habits.
Rotiform \Ro"ti*form\, a. [L. rota wheel + -form.]
1. Wheel-shaped; as, rotiform appendages.
2. (Bot.) Same as {Rotate}.
Rotta \Rot"ta\, n. (Mus.)
See {Rota}.
Rotten \Rot"ten\, a. [Icel. rotinn; akin to Sw. rutten, Dan.
radden. See {Rot}.]
Having rotted; putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten
meat. Hence:
(a) Offensive to the smell; fetid; disgusting.
You common cry of curs! whose breath I hate As reek
of the rotten fens. --Shak.
(b) Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective; treacherous;
unsafe; as, a rotten plank, bone, stone. ``The deepness
of the rotten way.'' --Knolles.
{Rotten borough}. See under {Borough}.
{Rotten stone} (Min.), a soft stone, called also {Tripoli}
(from the country from which it was formerly brought),
used in all sorts of finer grinding and polishing in the
arts, and for cleaning metallic substances. The name is
also given to other friable siliceous stones applied to
like uses.
Syn: Putrefied; decayed; carious; defective; unsound;
corrupt; deceitful; treacherous. -- {Rot"ten*ly}, adv.
-- {Rot"ten*ness}, n.
Rotula \Rot"u*la\, n. [L., a little wheel; cf. It. rotula.]
(Anat.)
The patella, or kneepan.
Rotular \Rot"u*lar\, a. [L. rotula, dim. of rota wheel.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the rotula, or kneepan.
Rotund \Ro*tund"\, a. [L. rotundus. See {Round}, and cf.
{Rotunda}.]
1. Round; circular; spherical.
2. Hence, complete; entire.
3. (Bot.) Orbicular, or nearly so. --Gray.
Rotund \Ro*tund"\, n.
A rotunda. [Obs.] --Burke.
Rotunda \Ro*tun"da\, n. [Cf. It. rotonda, F. rotonde; both fr.
L. rotundus round. See {Rotund}, a.] (Arch.)
A round building; especially, one that is round both on the
outside and inside, like the Pantheon at Rome. Less properly,
but very commonly, used for a large round room; as, the
rotunda of the Capitol at Washington.
Rotundate \Ro*tund"ate\, a.
Rounded; especially, rounded at the end or ends, or at the
corners.
Rotundifolious \Ro*tund`i*fo"li*ous\, a. [L. rotundus round +
folium a leaf.] (Bot.)
Having round leaves.
Rotundity \Ro*tund"i*ty\, n. [L. rotunditas: cf. F.
rotondit['e].]
1. The state or quality of being rotu?; roundness;
sphericity; circularity.
Smite flat the thick rotundity o'the world! --Shak.
2. Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness.
For the more rotundity of the number and grace of
the matter, it passeth for a full thousand.
--Fuller.
A boldness and rotundity of speech. --Hawthorne.
Rotundness \Ro*tund"ness\, n.
Roundness; rotundity.
Rotundo \Ro*tun"do\, n.
See {Rotunda}.
Roturer \Ro*tur"er\, n.
A roturier. [Obs.] --Howell.
Roturier \Ro`tu`rier"\, n. [F.]
A person who is not of noble birth; specif., a freeman who
during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial land.
Roty \Rot"y\, v. t. [See {Rot}.]
To make rotten. [Obs.]
Well bet is rotten apple out of hoard, Than that it
roty all the remenant. --Chaucer.
Rouble \Rou"ble\, n.
A coin. See {Ruble}.
Rouche \Rouche\, n.
See {Ruche}.
Rou'e \Rou`['e]"\, n. [F., properly p. p. of rouer to break upon
the wheel, fr. roue a wheel, L. rota. See {Rotate},
{Rotary}.]
One devoted to a life of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a
rake.
Rouet \Rou`et"\, n. [F.]
A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of firelocks for
discharging them. --Crabb.
Rouge \Rouge\, a. [F., fr. L. rubeus red, akin to rubere to be
red, ruber red. See {Red}.]
red. [R.]
{Rouge et noir}[F., red and black], a game at cards in which
persons play against the owner of the bank; -- so called
because the table around which the players sit has certain
compartments colored red and black, upon which the stakes
are deposited. --Hoyle.
Rouge \Rouge\, n. [F.]
1. (Chem.) A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric oxide.
It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a
cosmetic, etc. Called also {crocus}, {jeweler's rouge},
etc.
2. A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the cheeks or
lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of the
safflower, but it is often made from carmine. --Ure.
Rouge \Rouge\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rouged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rouging} .]
To paint the face or cheeks with rouge.
Rouge \Rouge\, v. t.
To tint with rouge; as, to rouge the face or the cheeks.
Rougecroix \Rouge`croix"\ (? or ?), n. [F., literally, red
cross.] (Her.)
One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.
Rouge dragon \Rouge" drag`on\, n. [F., literally, red dragon.]
(Her.)
One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.
Rough \Rough\, a. [Compar. {Rougher}; superl. {Roughest}.] [OE.
rou?, rou, row, rugh, ruh, AS. r?h; akin to LG. rug, D. rug,
D. ruig, ruw, OHG. r?h, G. rauh, rauch; cf. Lith. raukas
wrinkle, rukti to wrinkle. [root] 18. Cf. {Rug}, n.]
1. Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the
surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough
stone; rough cloth. Specifically:
(a) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of
a piece of land, or of a road. ``Rough, uneven ways.''
--Shak.
(b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough
diamond.
(c) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or
other piece of water.
More unequal than the roughest sea. --T. Burnet.
(d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; --
said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough
coat. ``A visage rough.'' --Dryden. ``Roughsatyrs.''
--Milton.
2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or
polish. Specifically:
(a) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a
rough temper.
A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough. --Shak.
A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds.
--Prior.
(b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough
measures or actions.
On the rough edge of battle. --Milton.
A quicker and rougher remedy. --Clarendon.
Kind words prevent a good deal of that
perverseness which rough and imperious usage
often produces. --Locke.
(c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating;
-- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough
tone; rough numbers. --Pope.
(d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine.
(e) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a
rough day.
He stayeth his rough wind. --Isa. xxvii.
8.
Time and the hour runs through the roughest day.
--Shak.
(f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish;
incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught.
{Rough diamond}, an uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a
person of intrinsic worth under a rude exterior.
{Rough and ready}.
(a) Acting with offhand promptness and efficiency. ``The
rough and ready understanding.'' --Lowell.
(b) Produced offhand. ``Some rough and ready theory.''
--Tylor.
Rough \Rough\, n.
1. Boisterous weather. [Obs.] --Fletcher.
2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
{In the rough}, in an unwrought or rude condition;
unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in the rough.
Contemplating the people in the rough. --Mrs.
Browning.
Rough \Rough\, adv.
In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in
their boats. --Sir W.
Scott.
Rough \Rough\, v. t.
1. To render rough; to roughen.
2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes.
--Crabb.
3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as,
to rough out a carving, a sketch.
{Roughing rolls}, rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a
bloom of iron to bars.
{To rough it}, to endure hard conditions of living; to live
without ordinary comforts.
Roughcast \Rough`cast"\, v. t.
1. To form in its first rudiments, without revision,
correction, or polish. --Dryden.
2. To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with
asperities and inequalities.
3. To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or pebbles;
as, to roughcast a building.
Roughcast \Rough"cast`\, n.
1. A rude model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a thing.
2. A kind of plastering made of lime, with a mixture of
shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings. --Shak.
Roughcaster \Rough"cast`er\, n.
One who roughcasts.
Roughdraw \Rough"draw`\, v. t.
To draw or delineate rapidly and by way of a first sketch.
Roughdry \Rough"dry`\, v. t.
in laundry work, to dry without smoothing or ironing.
Roughen \Rough"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Roughened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Roughening}.] [From {Rough}.]
To make rough.
Roughen \Rough"en\, v. i.
To grow or become rough.
Rough-footed \Rough"-foot`ed\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Feather-footed; as, a rough-footed dove. [R.] --Sherwood.
Rough-grained \Rough"-grained\, a.
Having a rough grain or fiber; hence, figuratively, having
coarse traits of character; not polished; brisque.
Roughhead \Rough"head`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The redfin.
Roughhew \Rough"hew`\, v. t.
1. To hew coarsely, without smoothing; as, to roughhew
timber.
2. To give the first form or shape to; to form rudely; to
shape approximately and rudely; to roughcast.
There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Roughhew
them how we will. --Shak.
Roughhewer \Rough"hew`er\, n.
One who roughhews.
Roughhewn \Rough"hewn`\, a.
1. Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not polished.
2. Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated; rough-grained. ``A
roughhewn seaman.'' --Bacon.
Roughing-in \Rough"ing-in`\, n.
The first coat of plaster laid on brick; also, the process of
applying it.
Roughings \Rough"ings\, n. pl.
Rowen. [Prov. Eng.]
Roughish \Rough"ish\, a.
Somewhat rough.
Roughleg \Rough"leg`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of large hawks of the genus
{Archibuteo}, having the legs feathered to the toes. Called
also {rough-legged hawk}, and {rough-legged buzzard}.
Note: The best known species is {Archibuteo lagopus} of
Northern Europe, with its darker American variety
({Sancti-johannis}). The latter is often nearly or
quite black. The ferruginous roughleg ({Archibuteo
ferrugineus}) inhabits Western North America.
Rough-legged \Rough"-legged`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the legs covered with feathers; -- said of a bird.
{rough-legged hawk}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Roughleg}.
Roughly \Rough"ly\, adv.
In a rough manner; unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely;
austerely.
Roughness \Rough"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being rough.
Roughrider \Rough"rid`er\, n.
One who breaks horses; especially (Mil.), a noncommissioned
officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist the
riding master.
Roughscuff \Rough"scuff\, n. [Rough + scuff.]
A rough, coarse fellow; collectively, the lowest class of the
people; the rabble; the riffraff. [Colloq. U.S.]
Roughsetter \Rough"set`ter\, n.
A mason who builds rough stonework.
Roughshod \Rough"shod\, a.
Shod with shoes armed with points or calks; as, a roughshod
horse.
{To ride roughshod}, to pursue a course regardless of the
pain or distress it may cause others.
Roughstrings \Rough"strings`\, n. pl. (Capr.)
Pieces of undressed timber put under the steps of a wooden
stair for their support.
Rought \Rought\, obs.
imp. of {Reach}.
Rought \Rought\, obs.
imp. of {Reck}, to care. --Chaucer.
Roughtail \Rough"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of small ground snakes of the family
{Uropeltid[ae]}; -- so called from their rough tails.
Roughwork \Rough"work`\, v. t.
To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness,
or finish. --Moxon.
Roughwrought \Rough"wrought`\, a.
Wrought in a rough, unfinished way; worked over coarsely.
Rouk \Rouk\, v. i.
See 5th {Ruck}, and {Roke}. [Obs.]
Roulade \Rou`lade"\, n. [F.] (Mus.)
A smoothly running passage of short notes (as semiquavers, or
sixteenths) uniformly grouped, sung upon one long syllable,
as in Handel's oratorios.
Rouleau \Rou`leau"\, n.; pl. F. {Rouleaux} (F. ?; E. ?), E.
{Rouleaus}. [F., a roll, dim. fr. fr. r[^o]le, formerly also
spelt roulle. See {Roll}.]
A little roll; a roll of coins put up in paper, or something
resembling such a roll.
Roulette \Rou*lette"\, n. [F., properly, a little wheel or ball.
See {Rouleau}, {Roll}.]
1. A game of chance, in which a small ball is made to move
round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered red
and black spaces, the one on which it stops indicating the
result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game.
2. (Fine Arts)
(a) A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a
plate in order to order to produce rows of dots.
(b) A similar wheel used to roughen the surface of a
plate, as in making alterations in a mezzotint.
3. (Geom.) the curve traced by any point in the plane of a
given curve when the latter rolls, without sliding, over
another fixed curve. See {Cycloid}, and {Epycycloid}.
Rouly-pouly \Rou"ly-pou`ly\, n.
See {Rolly-pooly}.
Roun \Roun\, Rown \Rown\, v. i. & t. [AS. r?nian, fr. r?n a
rune, secret, mystery; akin to G. raunen to whisper. See
{Rune}.]
To whisper. [obs.] --Gower.
Another rouned to his fellow low. --Chaucer.
Rounce \Rounce\ (rouns), n. [Cf. F. ronce bramble, brier, thorn,
ranche a round, step, rack, or E. round.] (Print.)
The handle by which the bed of a hand press, holding the form
of type, etc., is run in under the platen and out again; --
sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by which the form is
moved under the platen.
Rounceval \Roun"ce*val\, a. [F. Ronceval, Roncevaux, a town at
the foot of the foot of the Pyrenees, Sp. Roncesvalles.]
Large; strong; -- from the gigantic bones shown at
Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes. [Obs.]
Rounceval \Roun"ce*val\, n.
A giant; anything large; a kind of pea called also
{marrowfat}. [Obs.]
Rouncy \Roun"cy\, n.
A common hackney horse; a nag. [Obs.]
he rode upon a rouncy as he could. --Chaucer.
Round \Round\, v. i. & t. [From {Roun}.]
To whisper. [obs.] --Shak. Holland.
The Bishop of Glasgow rounding in his ear, ``Ye are not
a wise man,'' . . . he rounded likewise to the bishop,
and said, ``Wherefore brought ye me here?''
--Calderwood.
Round \Round\, a. [OF. roond, roont, reond, F. rond, fr. L.
rotundus, fr. rota wheel. See {Rotary}, and cf. {Rotund},
{roundel}, {Rundlet}.]
1. Having every portion of the surface or of the
circumference equally distant from the center; spherical;
circular; having a form approaching a spherical or a
circular shape; orbicular; globular; as, a round ball.
``The big, round tears.'' --Shak.
Upon the firm opacous globe Of this round world.
--Milton.
2. Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical; as, the barrel
of a musket is round.
3. Having a curved outline or form; especially, one like the
arc of a circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the surface
of a sphere; rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or
pointed; as, a round arch; round hills. ``Their round
haunches gored.'' --Shak.
4. Full; complete; not broken; not fractional; approximately
in even units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; -- said of
numbers.
Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather than
the fraction. --Arbuthnot.
5. Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous; free; as, a
round price.
Three thousand ducats; 'tis a good round sum.
--Shak.
Round was their pace at first, but slackened soon.
--Tennyson.
6. Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a
round note.
7. (Phonetics) Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the
lip opening, making the opening more or less round in
shape; rounded; labialized; labial. See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect] 11.
8. Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved; unqualified; not
mincing; as, a round answer; a round oath. ``The round
assertion.'' --M. Arnold.
Sir Toby, I must be round with you. --Shak.
9. Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or abrupt;
finished; polished; -- said of style, or of authors with
reference to their style. [Obs.]
In his satires Horace is quick, round, and pleasant.
--Peacham.
10. Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied to
conduct.
Round dealing is the honor of man's nature.
--Bacon.
{At a round rate}, rapidly. --Dryden.
{In round numbers}, approximately in even units, tens,
hundreds, etc.; as, a bin holding 99 or 101 bushels may be
said to hold in round numbers 100 bushels.
{Round bodies} (Geom.), the sphere right cone, and right
cylinder.
{Round clam} (Zo["o]l.), the quahog.
{Round dance} one which is danced by couples with a whirling
or revolving motion, as the waltz, polka, etc.
{Round game}, a game, as of cards, in which each plays on his
own account.
{Round hand}, a style of penmanship in which the letters are
formed in nearly an upright position, and each separately
distinct; -- distinguished from running hand.
{Round robin}. [Perhaps F. round round + ruban ribbon.]
(a) A written petition, memorial, remonstrance, protest,
etc., the signatures to which are made in a circle so
as not to indicate who signed first. ``No round
robins signed by the whole main deck of the Academy
or the Porch.'' --De Quincey.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) The cigar fish.
{Round shot}, a solid spherical projectile for ordnance.
{Round Table}, the table about which sat King Arthur and his
knights. See {Knights of the Round Table}, under {Knight}.
{Round tower}, one of certain lofty circular stone towers,
tapering from the base upward, and usually having a
conical cap or roof, which crowns the summit, -- found
chiefly in Ireland. They are of great antiquity, and vary
in heigh from thirty-five to one hundred and thiry feet.
{Round trot}, one in which the horse throws out his feet
roundly; a full, brisk, quick trot. --Addison.
{Round turn} (Naut.), one turn of a rope round a timber, a
belaying pin, etc.
{To bring up with a round turn}, to stop abruptly. [Colloq.]
Syn: Circular; spherical; globular; globase; orbicular;
orbed; cylindrical; full; plump; rotund.
Round \Round\, n.
1. Anything round, as a circle, a globe, a ring. ``The golden
round'' [the crown]. --Shak.
In labyrinth of many a round self-rolled. --Milton.
2. A series of changes or events ending where it began; a
series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a
periodical revolution; as, the round of the seasons; a
round of pleasures.
3. A course of action or conduct performed by a number of
persons in turn, or one after another, as if seated in a
circle.
Women to cards may be compared: we play A round or
two; which used, we throw away. --Granville.
The feast was served; the bowl was crowned; To the
king's pleasure went the mirthful round. --Prior.
4. A series of duties or tasks which must be performed in
turn, and then repeated.
the trivial round, the common task. --Keble.
5. A circular dance.
Come, knit hands, and beat the ground, In a light
fantastic round. --Milton.
6. That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a
round of applause.
7. Rotation, as in office; succession. --Holyday.
8. The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a crosspiece
which joins and braces the legs of a chair.
All the rounds like Jacob's ladder rise. --Dryden.
9. A course ending where it began; a circuit; a beat;
especially, one freguently or regulary traversed; also,
the act of traversing a circuit; as, a watchman's round;
the rounds of the postman.
10. (Mil.)
(a) A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the
rampart of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see
that the sentinels are faithful and all things safe;
also, the guard or officer, with his attendants, who
performs this duty; -- usually in the plural.
(b) A general discharge of firearms by a body of troops
in which each soldier fires once.
(c) Ammunition for discharging a piece or pieces once;
as, twenty rounds of ammunition were given out.
11. (Mus.) A short vocal piece, resembling a catch in which
three or four voices follow each other round in a species
of canon in the unison.
12. The time during which prize fighters or boxers are in
actual contest without an intermission, as prescribed by
their rules; a bout.
13. A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is concluded,
the yeast escaping through the bunghole.
14. A vessel filled, as for drinking. [R.]
15. An assembly; a group; a circle; as, a round of
politicians. --Addison.
16. (Naut.) See {Roundtop}.
17. Same as {Round of beef}, below.
{Gentlemen of the round}.
(a) Gentlemen soldiers of low rank who made the rounds.
See 10
(a), above.
(b) Disbanded soldiers who lived by begging. [Obs.]
Worm-eaten gentlemen of the round, such as have
vowed to sit on the skirts of the city, let
your provost and his half dozen of halberdiers
do what they can. --B. Jonson.
{Round of beef}, the part of the thigh below the aitchbone,
or between the rump and the leg. See Illust. of {beef}.
{Round steak}, a beefsteak cut from the round.
{Sculpture in the round}, sculpture giving the full form, as
of man; statuary, distinguished from relief.
Round \Round\, adv.
1. On all sides; around.
Round he throws his baleful eyes. --Milton.
2. Circularly; in a circular form or manner; by revolving or
reversing one's position; as, to turn one's head round; a
wheel turns round.
3. In circumference; as, a ball is ten inches round.
4. From one side or party to another; as to come or turn
round, -- that is, to change sides or opinions.
5. By or in a circuit; by a course longer than the direct
course; back to the starting point.
6. Through a circle, as of friends or houses.
The invitations were sent round accordingly. --Sir
W. Scott.
7. Roundly; fully; vigorously. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{All round}, over the whole place; in every direction.
{All-round}, of general capacity; as, an all-round man.
[Colloq.]
{To bring one round}.
(a) To cause one to change his opinions or line of
conduct.
(b) To restore one to health. [Colloq.]
Round \Round\, prep.
On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; around;
about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city;
to wind a cable round a windlass.
The serpent Error twines round human hearts. --Cowper.
{Round about}, an emphatic form for round or about. ``Moses .
. . set them [The elders] round about the tabernacle.''
--Num. xi. 24.
{To come round}, to gain the consent of, or circumvent, (a
person) by flattery or deception. [Colloq.]
Round \Round\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rounded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rounding}.]
1. To make circular, spherical, or cylindrical; to give a
round or convex figure to; as, to round a silver coin; to
round the edges of anything.
Worms with many feet, which round themselves into
balls, are bred chiefly under logs of timber.
--Bacon.
The figures on our modern medals are raised and
rounded to a very great perfection. --Addison.
2. To surround; to encircle; to encompass.
The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round
my brow. --Shak.
3. To bring to fullness or completeness; to complete; hence,
to bring to a fit conclusion.
We are such stuff As dreams are made on, and our
little life Is rounded with a sleep. --Shak.
4. To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a corner or
point); as, to round a corner; to round Cape Horn.
5. To make full, smooth, and flowing; as, to round periods in
writing. --Swift.
{To round in} (Naut.) To haul up; usually, to haul the slack
of (a rope) through its leading block, or to haul up (a
tackle which hangs loose) by its fall. --Totten.
(b) To collect together (cattle) by riding around them, as
on cattle ranches
. [Western U.S.]
Round \Round\, v. i.
1. To grow round or full; hence, to attain to fullness,
completeness, or perfection.
The queen your mother rounds apace. --Shak.
So rounds he to a separate mind, From whence clear
memory may begin. --Tennyson.
2. To go round, as a guard. [Poetic]
They . . . nightly rounding walk. --Milton.
3. To go or turn round; to wheel about. --Tennyson.
{To round to} (Naut.), to turn the head of a ship toward the
wind.
Roundabout \Round"a*bout`\, a.
1. Circuitous; going round; indirect; as, roundabout speech.
We have taken a terrible roundabout road. --Burke.
2. Encircling; enveloping; comprehensive. ``Large, sound,
roundabout sense.'' --Locke.
Roundabout \Round"a*bout`\, n.
1. A horizontal wheel or frame, commonly with wooden horses,
etc., on which children ride; a merry-go-round. --Smart.
2. A dance performed in a circle. --Goldsmith.
3. A short, close jacket worn by boys, sailors, etc.
4. A state or scene of constant change, or of recurring labor
and vicissitude. --Cowper.
Roundaboutness \Round"a*bout`ness\, n.
The quality of being roundabout; circuitousness.
Round-arm \Round"-arm`\, a. (Cricket)
Applied to the method delivering the ball in bowling, by
swinging the arm horizontally. --R. A. Proctor.
Round-backed \Round"-backed`\, a.
Having a round back or shoulders; round-shouldered.
Rounded \Round"ed\, a. (Phonetics)
Modified by contraction of the lip opening; labialized;
labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect] 11.
Roundel \Roun"del\, n. [OF. rondel a roundelay, F. rondel,
rondeau, a dim. fr. rond; for sense 2, cf. F. rondelle a
round, a round shield. See {Round}, a., and cf. {Rondel},
{Rondelay}.]
1. (Mus.) A rondelay. ``Sung all the roundel lustily.''
--Chaucer.
Come, now a roundel and a fairy song. --Shak.
2. Anything having a round form; a round figure; a circle.
The Spaniards, casting themselves into roundels, . .
. made a flying march to Calais. --Bacon.
Specifically:
(a) A small circular shield, sometimes not more than a
foot in diameter, used by soldiers in the fourteenth
and fifteenth centuries.
(b) (Her.) A circular spot; a sharge in the form of a
small circle.
(c) (Fort.) A bastion of a circular form.
Roundelay \Round"e*lay\, n. [OF. rondelet, dim. of rondel. See
{Roundel}, {Roundeau}, and cf. {Roundlet}, {Rundlet}.]
1. (Poetry) See {Rondeau}, and {Rondel}.
2. (Mus.)
(a) A tune in which a simple strain is often repeated; a
simple rural strain which is short and lively.
--Spenser. Tennyson.
(b) A dance in a circle.
3. Anything having a round form; a roundel.
Rounder \Round"er\, n.
1. One who rounds; one who comes about frequently or
regularly.
2. A tool for making an edge or surface round.
3. pl. An English game somewhat resembling baseball; also,
another English game resembling the game of fives, but
played with a football.
Now we play rounders, and then we played prisoner's
base. --Bagehot.
Roundfish \Round"fish\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any ordinary market fish, exclusive of flounders,
sole, halibut, and other flatfishes.
(b) A lake whitefish ({Coregonus quadrilateralis}), less
compressed than the common species. It is very
abundant in British America and Alaska.
Roundhead \Round"head`\, n. (Eng. Hist.)
A nickname for a Puritan. See Roundheads, the, in the
Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. --Toone.
Roundheaded \Round"head`ed\, a.
Having a round head or top.
Roundhouse \Round"house`\, n.
1. A constable's prison; a lockup, watch-house, or station
house. [Obs.]
2. (Naut.)
(a) A cabin or apartament on the after part of the
quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; --
sometimes called the {coach}.
(b) A privy near the bow of the vessel.
3. A house for locomotive engines, built circularly around a
turntable.
Rounding \Round"ing\, a.
Round or nearly round; becoming round; roundish.
Rounding \Round"ing\, n.
1. (Naut.) Small rope, or strands of rope, or spun yarn,
wound round a rope to keep it from chafing; -- called also
{service}.
2. (Phonetics) Modifying a speech sound by contraction of the
lip opening; labializing; labialization. See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect] 11.
Roundish \Round"ish\, a.
Somewhat round; as, a roundish seed; a roundish figure. --
{Round"ish*ness}, n.
Roundlet \Round"let\, n.
A little circle. --J. Gregory.
Roundly \Round"ly\, adv.
1. In a round form or manner.
2. Openly; boldly; peremptorily; plumply.
He affirms everything roundly. --Addison.
3. Briskly; with speed. --locke.
Two of the outlaws walked roundly forward. --Sir W.
Scott.
4. Completely; vigorously; in earnest. --Shak.
5. Without regard to detail; in gross; comprehensively;
generally; as, to give numbers roundly.
In speaking roundly of this period. --H. Morley.
Roundness \Round"ness\, n.
1. The quality or state of being round in shape; as, the
roundness of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball,
of a bowl, a column, etc.
2. Fullness; smoothness of flow; as, the roundness of a
period; the roundness of a note; roundness of tone.
3. Openess; plainess; boldness; positiveness; as, the
roundness of an assertion.
Syn: Circularity; sphericity; globosity; globularity;
globularness; orbicularness; cylindricity; fullness;
plumpness; rotundity.
Roundridge \Round"ridge`\, v. t. (Agric.)
To form into round ridges by plowing. --B. Edwards.
Round-shouldered \Round"-shoul`dered\, a.
Having the shoulders stooping or projecting; round-backed.
Roundsman \Rounds"man\, n.; pl. {Roundsmen}.
A patrolman; also, a policeman who acts as an inspector over
the rounds of the patrolmen.
Roundtop \Round"top`\, n. (Naut.)
A top; a platform at a masthead; -- so called because
formerly round in shape.
Round-up \Round"-up`\, n.
The act of collecting or gathering together scattered cattle
by riding around them and driving them in. [Western U.S.]
Roundure \Roun"dure\ (?; 135), n. [Cf. {Rondure}.]
Roundness; a round or circle. [Obs.] --Shak.
Roundworm \Round"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A nematoid worm.
Roundy \Round"y\, a.
Round. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Roup \Roup\, v. i. & t. [Cf. AS. hr?pan to cry out, G. rufen,
Goth. hr?pian. Cf. {Roop}.]
To cry or shout; hence, to sell by auction. [Scot.]
--Jamieson.
Roup \Roup\, n.
1. An outcry; hence, a sale of gods by auction. [Scot.]
--Jamieson.
To roup, that is, the sale of his crops, was over.
--J. C.
Shairp.
2. A disease in poultry. See {Pip}.
Rousant \Rous"ant\, a. (her.)
Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of rising; also,
sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed.
Rouse \Rouse\ (rouz or rous), v. i. & t. [Perhaps the same word
as rouse to start up, ``buckle to.''] (Naut.)
To pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope,
without the assistance of mechanical appliances.
Rouse \Rouse\ (rouz), n. [Cf. D. roes drunkeness, icel. r?ss,
Sw. rus, G. rauchen, and also E. rouse, v.t., rush, v.i. Cf.
{Row} a disturbance.]
1. A bumper in honor of a toast or health. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic.
Fill the cup, and fill the can, Have a rouse before
the morn. --Tennyson.
Rouse \Rouse\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Roused} (rouzd); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Rousing}.] [Probably of Scan. origin; cf. Sw. rusa to
rush, Dan. ruse, AS. hre['o]san to fall, rush. Cf. {Rush},
v.]
1. To cause to start from a covert or lurking place; as, to
rouse a deer or other animal of the chase.
Like wild boars late roused out of the brakes.
--Spenser.
Rouse the fleet hart, and cheer the opening hound.
--Pope.
2. To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or
suddenly.
3. To excite to lively thought or action from a state of
idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to
rouse the faculties, passions, or emotions.
To rouse up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in
Christendom. --Atterbury.
4. To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate.
Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused
the sea. --Milton.
5. To raise; to make erect. [Obs.] --Spenser. Shak.
Rouse \Rouse\, v. i.
1. To get or start up; to rise. [Obs.]
Night's black agents to their preys do rouse.
--Shak.
2. To awake from sleep or repose.
Morpheus rouses from his bed. --Pope.
3. To be exited to thought or action from a state of
indolence or inattention.
Rouser \Rous"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, rouses.
2. Something very exciting or great. [Colloq.]
3. (Brewing) A stirrer in a copper for boiling wort.
Rousing \Rous"ing\, a.
1. Having power to awaken or excite; exciting.
I begin to feel Some rousing motions in me.
--Milton.
2. Very great; violent; astounding; as, a rousing fire; a
rousing lie. [Colloq.]
Rousingly \Rous"ing*ly\, adv.
In a rousing manner.
Roussette \Rous*sette"\, n. [F.; -- so called in allusion to the
color. See {Russet}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A fruit bat, especially the large species
({Pieropus vulgaris}) inhabiting the islands of the Indian
ocean. It measures about a yard across the expanded wings.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any small shark of the genus {Scyllium}; --
called also {dogfish}. See {Dogfish}.
Roust \Roust\ (roust), v. t.
To rouse; to disturb; as, to roust one out. [Prov. Eng. &
Local, U.S.]
Roust \Roust\, n. [Cf. Icel. r["o]st an estuary.]
A strong tide or current, especially in a narrow channel.
[Written also {rost}, and {roost}.] --Jamieson.
Roustabout \Roust"a*bout`\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a river steamboat, who
moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and the like; in an
opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives by chance
jobs. [Western U.S.]
Rout \Rout\ (rout), v. i. [AS. hr[=u]tan.]
To roar; to bellow; to snort; to snore loudly. [Obs. or
Scot.] --Chaucer.
Rout \Rout\, n.
A bellowing; a shouting; noise; clamor; uproar; disturbance;
tumult. --Shak.
This new book the whole world makes such a rout about.
--Sterne.
``My child, it is not well,'' I said, ``Among the
graves to shout; To laugh and play among the dead, And
make this noisy rout.'' --Trench.
Rout \Rout\, v. t. [A variant of root.]
To scoop out with a gouge or other tool; to furrow.
{To rout out}
(a) To turn up to view, as if by rooting; to discover; to
find.
(b) To turn out by force or compulsion; as, to rout people
out of bed. [Colloq.]
Rout \Rout\, v. i.
To search or root in the ground, as a swine. --Edwards.
Rout \Rout\, n. [OF. route, LL. rupta, properly, a breaking, fr.
L. ruptus, p. p. of rumpere to break. See {Rupture}, {reave},
and cf. {Rote} repetition of forms, {Route}. In some senses
this word has been confused with rout a bellowing, an
uproar.] [Formerly spelled also {route}.]
1. A troop; a throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a
traveling company or throng. [Obs.] ``A route of ratones
[rats].'' --Piers Plowman. ``A great solemn route.''
--Chaucer.
And ever he rode the hinderest of the route.
--Chaucer.
A rout of people there assembled were. --Spenser.
2. A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence, the
rabble; the herd of common people.
the endless routs of wretched thralls. --Spenser.
The ringleader and head of all this rout. --Shak.
Nor do I name of men the common rout. --Milton.
3. The state of being disorganized and thrown into confusion;
-- said especially of an army defeated, broken in pieces,
and put to flight in disorder or panic; also, the act of
defeating and breaking up an army; as, the rout of the
enemy was complete.
thy army . . . Dispersed in rout, betook them all to
fly. --Daniel.
To these giad conquest, murderous rout to those.
--pope.
4. (Law) A disturbance of the peace by persons assembled
together with intent to do a thing which, if executed,
would make them rioters, and actually making a motion
toward the executing thereof. --Wharton.
5. A fashionable assembly, or large evening party. ``At routs
and dances.'' --Landor.
{To put to rout}, to defeat and throw into confusion; to
overthrow and put to flight.
Rout \Rout\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Routed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Routing}.]
To break the ranks of, as troops, and put them to flight in
disorder; to put to rout.
That party . . . that charged the Scots, so totally
routed and defeated their whole army, that they fied.
--Clarendon.
Syn: To defeat; discomfit; overpower; overthrow.
Rout \Rout\, v. i.
To assemble in a crowd, whether orderly or disorderly; to
collect in company. [obs.] --Bacon.
In all that land no Christian[s] durste route.
--Chaucer.
Route \Route\ (r[=oo]t or rout; 277), n. [OE. & F. route, OF.
rote, fr. L. rupta (sc. via), fr. ruptus, p. p. of rumpere to
break; hence, literally, a broken or beaten way or path. See
{Rout}, and cf. {Rut} a track.]
The course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be
passed; a passing; a course; a road or path; a march.
Wide through the furzy field their route they take.
--Gay.
Router \Rout"er\, n. (Carp.)
(a) A plane made like a spokeshave, for working the inside
edges of circular sashes.
(b) A plane with a hooked tool protruding far below the sole,
for smoothing the bottom of a cavity.
Routhe \Routhe\, n.
Ruth; sorrow. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Routinary \Rou"ti*na*ry\, a.
Involving, or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; customary.
[R.] --Emerson.
Routine \Rou*tine"\, n. [F., fr. route a path, way, road. See
{Route}, {Rote}repetition.]
1. A round of business, amusement, or pleasure, daily or
frequently pursued; especially, a course of business or
offical duties regularly or frequently returning.
2. Any regular course of action or procedure rigidly adhered
to by the mere force of habit.
Routinism \Rou*tin""ism\, n.
the practice of doing things with undiscriminating,
mechanical regularity.
Routinist \Rou*tin"ist\, n.
One who habituated to a routine.
Routish \Rout"ish\, a.
Uproarious; riotous. [Obs.]
Routously \Rout"ous*ly\, adv. (Law)
With that violation of law called a rout. See 5th {Rout}, 4.
Roux \Roux\, n. [F. beurre roux brown butter.] (Cookery)
A thickening, made of flour, for soups and gravies.
Rove \Rove\ (r[=o]v), v. t. [perhaps fr. or akin to reeve.]
1. To draw through an eye or aperture.
2. To draw out into flakes; to card, as wool. --Jamieson.
3. To twist slightly; to bring together, as slivers of wool
or cotton, and twist slightly before spinning.
Rove \Rove\ (r[=o]v), n.
1. A copper washer upon which the end of a nail is clinched
in boat building.
2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slighty
twisted, preparatory to further process; a roving.
Rove \Rove\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Roved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Roving}.] [Cf. D. rooven to rob; akin to E. reave. See
{Reave}, {Rob}.]
1. To practice robbery on the seas; to wander about on the
seas in piracy. [Obs.] --Hakluyt.
2. Hence, to wander; to ramble; to rauge; to go, move, or
pass without certain direction in any manner, by sailing,
walking, riding, flying, or otherwise.
For who has power to walk has power to rove.
--Arbuthnot.
3. (Archery) To shoot at rovers; hence, to shoot at an angle
of elevation, not at point-blank (rovers usually being
beyond the point-blank range).
Fair Venus' son, that with thy cruel dart At that
good knight so cunningly didst rove. --Spenser.
Syn: To wander; roam; range; ramble stroll.
Rove \Rove\, v. t.
1. To wander over or through.
Roving the field, I chanced A goodly tree far
distant to behold. --milton.
2. To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two furrows
together.
Rove \Rove\, n.
The act of wandering; a ramble.
In thy nocturnal rove one moment halt. --Young.
{Rove beetle} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
beetles of the family {Staphylinid[ae]}, having short
elytra beneath which the wings are folded transversely.
They are rapid runners, and seldom fly.
Rover \Rov"er\, n. [D. roover a robber. See {Rove}, v. i.]
1. One who practices robbery on the seas; a pirate.
Yet Pompey the Great deserveth honor more justly for
scouring the seas, and taking from the rovers 846
sail of ships. --Holland.
2. One who wanders about by sea or land; a wanderer; a
rambler.
3. Hence, a fickle, inconstant person.
4. (Croquet) A ball which has passed through all the hoops
and would go out if it hit the stake but is continued in
play; also, the player of such a ball.
5. (Archery)
(a) Casual marks at uncertain distances. --Encyc. Brit.
(b) A sort of arrow. [Obs.]
All sorts, flights, rovers, and butt shafts.
--B. Jonson.
{At rovers}, at casual marks; hence, at random; as, shooting
at rovers. See def. 5
(a) above. --Addison.
Bound down on every side with many bands because
it shall not run at rovers. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
Roving \Rov"ing\, n.
1. The operatin of forming the rove, or slightly twisted
sliver or roll of wool or cotton, by means of a machine
for the purpose, called a roving frame, or roving machine.
2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slightly
twisted; a rove. See 2d {Rove}, 2.
{Roving frame}, {Roving machine}, a machine for drawing and
twisting roves and twisting roves and winding them on
bobbin for the spinning machine.
Roving \Rov"ing\, n.
The act of one who roves or wanders.
Rovingly \Rov"ing*ly\, adv.
In a wandering manner.
Rovingness \Rov"ing*ness\, n.
The state of roving.
Row \Row\, a. & adv. [See {Rough}.]
Rough; stern; angry. [Obs.] ``Lock he never so row.''
--Chaucer.
Row \Row\, n. [Abbrev. fr. rouse, n.]
A noisy, turbulent quarrel or disturbance; a brawl. [Colloq.]
--Byron.
Row \Row\, n. [OE. rowe, rawe, rewe, AS. r[=a]w, r?w; probably
akin to D. rij, G. reihe; cf. Skr. r?kh[=a] a line, stroke.]
A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a
line; a rank; a file; as, a row of trees; a row of houses or
columns.
And there were windows in three rows. --1 Kings vii.
4.
The bright seraphim in burning row. --Milton.
{Row culture} (Agric.), the practice of cultivating crops in
drills.
{Row of points} (Geom.), the points on a line, infinite in
number, as the points in which a pencil of rays is
intersected by a line.
Row \Row\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rowed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rowing}.] [AS. r?wan; akin to D. roeijen, MHG. r["u]ejen,
Dan. roe, Sw. ro, Icel. r?a, L. remus oar, Gr. ?, Skr.
aritra. [root]8. Cf. {Rudder}.]
1. To propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along the
surface of water; as, to row a boat.
2. To transport in a boat propelled with oars; as, to row the
captain ashore in his barge.
Row \Row\, v. i.
1. To use the oar; as, to row well.
2. To be moved by oars; as, the boat rows easily.
Row \Row\, n.
The act of rowing; excursion in a rowboat.
Rowable \Row"a*ble\, a.
That may be rowed, or rowed upon. ``That long barren fen,
once rowable.'' --B. Jonson.
Rowan \Row"an\, n.
Rowan tree.
{Rowan barry}, a barry of the rowan tree.
Rowan tree \Row"an tree`\ [Cf. Sw. r["o]nn, Dan. r["o]nne, Icel.
reynir, and L. ornus.] (Bot.)
A european tree ({Pyrus aucuparia}) related to the apple, but
with pinnate leaves and flat corymbs of small white flowers
followed by little bright red berries. Called also {roan
tree}, and {mountain ash}. The name is also applied to two
American trees of similar habit ({Pyrus Americana}, and {P.
sambucifolia}).
Rowboat \Row"boat`\, n.
A boat designed to be propelled by oars instead of sails.
Rowdy \Row"dy\, n.; pl. {Rowdies}. [From {Rout}, or Row a
brawl.]
One who engages in rows, or noisy quarrels; a ruffianly
fellow. --M. Arnold.
Rowdydow \Row"dy*dow\, n.
Hubbub; uproar. [Vulgar]
Rowdydowdy \Row"dy*dow`dy\, a.
Uproarious. [Vulgar]
Rowdyish \Row"dy*ish\, a.
Resembling a rowdy in temper or conduct; characteristic of a
rowdy.
Rowdyism \Row"dy*ism\, n.
the conduct of a rowdy.
Rowed \Rowed\, a.
Formed into a row, or rows; having a row, or rows; as, a
twelve-rowed ear of corn.
Rowel \Row"el\, n. [OF. roele, rouele, properly, a little wheel,
F. rouelle collop, slice, LL. rotella a little wheel, dim. of
L. rota a wheel. See {Roll}, and cf. {Rota}.]
1. The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points.
With sounding whip, and rowels dyed in blood.
--Cowper.
2. A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits.
The iron rowels into frothy foam he bit. --Spenser.
3. (Far.) A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the
flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human surgery.
Rowel \Row"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Roweled}or {Rowelled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Roweling} or {Rowelling}.] (Far.)
To insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the
flesh of a horse). --Mortimer.
Rowel bone \Row"el bone`\
See {rewel bone}. [Obs.]
Rowen \Row"en\, n. [Cf. E. rough, OE. row, rowe.] [Called also
{rowet}, {rowett}, {rowings}, {roughings}.]
1. A stubble field left unplowed till late in the autumn,
that it may be cropped by cattle.
Turn your cows, that give milk, into your rowens
till snow comes. --Mortimer.
2. The second growth of grass in a season; aftermath. [Prov.
Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Rower \Row"er\, n.
One who rows with an oar.
Rowett \Row"ett\, n.
See {Rowen}.
Rowlock \Row"lock\ (? colloq. ?), n. [For oarlock; AS.
[hand]rloc, where the second part is skin to G. loch a hole,
E. lock a fastening. See {Oar}, and {Lock}.] (Naut.)
A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar
in rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of
a boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar
rests on the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin
passing through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup
pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the oar.
Rown \Rown\, v. i. & t.
see {Roun}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rowport \Row"port\, n. (Naut.)
An opening in the side of small vessels of war, near the
surface of the water, to facilitate rowing in calm weather.
Roxburgh \Rox"burgh\ (?; Scot. ?), n. [From the third duke of
Roxburgh (Scotland), a noted book collector who had his books
so bound.]
A style of bookbinding in which the back is plain leather,
the sides paper or cloth, the top gilt-edged, but the front
and bottom left uncut.
Roy \Roy\ (roi), n. [F. roi.]
A king. [obs.]
Roy \Roy\, a.
Royal. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Royal \Roy"al\, a. [OE. roial, riall, real, OF. roial. reial, F.
royal, fr. L. regalis, fr. rex, regis, king. See {Rich}, and
cf. {regal}, {real} a coin, {Rial}.]
1. Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable
for a king or queen; regal; as, royal power or
prerogative; royal domains; the royal family; royal state.
2. Noble; generous; magnificent; princely.
How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio? --Shak.
3. Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted
by the sovereign; as, the Royal Academy of Arts; the Royal
Society.
{Battle royal}. See under {Battle}.
{Royal bay} (Bot.), the classic laurel ({Laurus nobilis}.)
{Royal eagle}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Golden eagle}, under {Golden}.
{Royal fern} (Bot.), the handsome fern {Osmunda regalis}. See
{Osmund}.
{Royal mast} (Naut.), the mast next above the topgallant mast
and usually the highest on a square-rigged vessel. The
royal yard and royal sail are attached to the royal mast.
{Royal metal}, an old name for gold.
{Royal palm} (Bot.), a magnificent West Indian palm tree
({Oreodoxa regia}), lately discovered also in Florida.
{Royal pheasant}. See {Curassow}.
{Royal purple}, an intense violet color, verging toward blue.
{Royal tern} (Zo["o]l.), a large, crested American tern
({Sterna maxima}).
{Royal tiger}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Tiger}.
{Royal touch}, the touching of a diseased person by the hand
of a king, with the view of restoring to health; --
formerly extensively practiced, particularly for the
scrofula, or king's evil.
Syn: Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike;
princely; august; majestic; superb; splendid;
illustrious; noble; magnanimous.
Royal \Roy"al\, n.
1. Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See under
{paper}, n.
2. (Naut.) A small sail immediately above the topgallant
sail. --Totten.
3. (Zo["o]l.) One of the upper or distal branches of an
antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the antlers of a
stag.
4. (Gun.) A small mortar.
5. (Mil.) One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot
of the British army, formerly called the Royals, and
supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe; -- now
called the Royal Scots.
6. An old English coin. See {Rial}.
Royalet \Roy"al*et\, n.
A petty or powerless king. [R.]
there were at this time two other royalets, as only
kings by his leave. --Fuller.
Royalism \Roy"al*ism\, n. [Cf. F. royalisme.]
the principles or conduct of royalists.
Royalist \Roy"al*ist\, n. [Cf. F. royaliste.]
An adherent of a king (as of Charles I. in England, or of the
Bourbons in france); one attached to monarchical government.
Where Ca'ndish fought, the Royalists prevailed.
--Waller.
Royalization \Roy`al*i*za"tion\, n.
The act of making loyal to a king. [R.] --Saintsbury.
Royalize \Roy"al*ize\, v. t.
to make royal. --Shak.
Royally \Roy"al*ly\, adv.
In a royal or kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king.
His body shall be royally interred. --Dryden.
Royalty \Roy"al*ty\, n.; pl. {Royalties}. [OF. roialt['e],
royault['e], F. royaut['e]. See {Royal}, and cf. {Regality}.]
1. The state of being royal; the condition or quality of a
royal person; kingship; kingly office; sovereignty.
Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty.
--Holyday.
2. The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the
presence of royalty.
For thus his royalty doth speak. --Shak.
3. An emblem of royalty; -- usually in the plural, meaning
regalia. [Obs.]
Wherefore do I assume These royalties, and not
refuse to reign? --Milton.
4. Kingliness; spirit of regal authority.
In his royalty of nature Reigns that which would be
fear'd. --Shak.
5. Domain; province; sphere. --Sir W. Scott.
6. That which is due to a sovereign, as a seigniorage on gold
and silver coined at the mint, metals taken from mines,
etc.; the tax exacted in lieu of such share; imperiality.
7. A share of the product or profit (as of a mine, forest,
etc.), reserved by the owner for permitting another to use
the property.
8. Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner
of a patent or a copyright at a certain rate for each
article manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the owner
of an article by one who hires the use of it.
Royne \Royne\ (roin), v. t. [F. rogner, OF. rooignier, to clip,
pare, scare, fr. L. rotundus round See {Rotund}.]
To bite; to gnaw. [Written also {roin}.] [Obs.] --Spenser.
Roynish \Royn"ish\, a. [F. rogneux, from rogne scab, mange,
itch.]
Mangy; scabby; hence, mean; paltry; troublesome. [Written
also {roinish}.] [Obs.] ``The roynish clown.'' --Shak.
Royster \Roys"ter\, Roysterer \Roys"ter*er\, n.
same as {Roister}, {Roisterer}.
Royston crow \Roys"ton crow`\ [So called from Royston, a town in
England.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Hooded crow}, under {Hooded}.
Roytelet \Roy"te*let\, n. [F. roitelet, dim. of roi king.]
A little king. [Archaic] --Heylin. Bancroft.
Roytish \Roy"tish\, a. [Prob. for riotish, from riot, like Scot.
roytous for riotous.]
Wild; irregular. [Obs.]
Rub \Rub\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rubbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rubbing}.] [Probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. rhwbiaw, gael.
rub.]
1. To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over
its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the
action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the
flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper.
It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned,
to rub the body with a coarse linen cloth. --Sir T.
Elyot.
2. To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and
friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the
ground.
3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along
a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body.
Two bones rubbed hard against one another.
--Arbuthnot.
4. To spread a substance thinly over; to smear.
The smoothed plank, . . . New rubbed with balm.
--Milton.
5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse;
-- often with up or over; as, to rub up silver.
The whole business of our redemption is to rub over
the defaced copy of the creation. --South.
6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart. [R.]
'T is the duke's pleasure, Whose disposition, all
the world well knows, Will not be rubbed nor
stopped. --Shak.
{To rub down}.
(a) To clean by rubbing; to comb or curry; as, to down a
horse.
(b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, to rub down the
rough points.
{To rub off}, to clean anything by rubbing; to separate by
friction; as, to rub off rust.
{To rub out}, to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to
obliterate; as, to rub out a mark or letter; to rub out a
stain.
{To rub up}.
(a) To burnish; to polish; to clean.
(b) To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub
up the memory.
Rub \Rub\, v. i.
1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to
grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost.
2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.
3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods,
as huntsmen; to rub through the world.
{To rub along} or {on}, to go on with difficulty; as, they
manage, with strict economy, to rub along. [Colloq.]
Rub \Rub\, n. [Cf. W. rhwb. See Rub, v,t,]
1. The act of rubbing; friction.
2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct
motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment;
especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome;
a pinch.
Every rub is smoothed on our way. --Shak.
To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub.
--Shak.
Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit
to demur. --Hayward.
One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might have
been ordained for us by a wise Providence. --W.
Besant.
3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of
bowls; unevenness. --Shak.
4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a
hard rub.
5. Imperfection; failing; fault. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
6. A chance. [Obs.]
Flight shall leave no Greek a rub. --Chapman.
7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a
whetstone; -- called also {rubstone}.
{Rub iron}, an iron guard on a wagon body, against which a
wheel rubs when cramped too much.
Ruba-dub \Rub"a-dub\, n.
The sound of a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a
clamorous, repeated sound; a clatter.
The rubadub of the abolition presses. --D. Webster.
Rubato \Ru*ba"to\, a. [It.]
Robbed; borrowed.
{Temple rubato}. [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed time; -- a term
applied to a style of performance in which some tones are
held longer than their legitimate time, while others are
proportionally curtailed.
Rubbage \Rub"bage\ (?; 48), n.
Rubbish. [Obs.]
Rubber \Rub"ber\, n.
1. One who, or that which, rubs. Specifically:
(a) An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or
cleaning.
(b) A coarse file, or the rough part of a file.
(c) A whetstone; a rubstone.
(d) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc.
(e) The cushion of an electrical machine.
(f) One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish
bath.
(g) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something that
grates on the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. --Thackeray.
2. In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the
fifth, when there is a tie between the players; as, to
play the rubber; also, a contest determined by the winning
of two out of three games; as, to play a rubber of whist.
--Beaconsfield. ``A rubber of cribbage.'' --Dickens.
3. India rubber; caoutchouc.
4. An overshoe made of India rubber. [Colloq.]
{Antimony rubber}, an elastic durable variety of vulcanized
caoutchouc of a red color. It contains antimony sulphide
as an important constituent.
{Hard rubber}, a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly
resembles horn in texture, rigidity, etc.
{India rubber}, caoutchouc. See {Caoutchouc}.
{Rubber cloth}, cloth covered with caoutchouc for excluding
water or moisture.
{Rubber dam} (Dentistry), a shield of thin sheet rubber
clasped around a tooth to exclude saliva from the tooth.
Rubbidge \Rub"bidge\, n.
Rubbish. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Rubbing \Rub"bing\,
a. & n. from {Rub}, v.
Rubbish \Rub"bish\, n. [OE. robows, robeux, rubble, originally
an Old French plural from an assumed dim. of robe, probably
in the sense of trash; cf. It. robaccia trash, roba stuff,
goods, wares, robe. Thus, etymologically rubbish is the pl.
of rubble. See {Robe}, and cf. {Rubble}.]
Waste or rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless
stuff; trash; especially, fragments of building materials or
fallen buildings; ruins; d['e]bris.
What rubbish and what offal! --Shak.
he saw the town's one half in rubbish lie. --Dryden.
{Rubbish pulley}. See {Gin block}, under {Gin}.
Rubbish \Rub"bish\, a.
Of or pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish;
trashy. --De Quincey.
Rubble \Rub"ble\, n. [From an assumed Old French dim. of robe
See {Rubbish}.]
1. Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc.,
used in coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing
courses of walls.
Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar.
--Jowett
(Thucyd.).
2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a
quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed
portion of a mass of stone; brash. --Brande & C.
3. (Geol.) A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under
the alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock.
--Lyell.
4. pl. The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted
into pollard, bran, etc. [Prov. Eng.] --Simmonds.
{Coursed rubble}, rubble masonry in which courses are formed
by leveling off the work at certain heights.
Rubblestone \Rub"ble*stone`\, n.
See {Rubble}, 1 and 2.
Rubblework \Rub"ble*work`\, n.
Masonry constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in
size and shape.
Rubbly \Rub"bly\, a.
Relating to, or containing, rubble.
Rubedinous \Ru*bed"i*nous\, a. [L. rubedo redness, fr. rubere to
be red.]
Reddish. [R.] --M. Stuart.
Rubefacient \Ru`be*fa"cient\, a. [L. rubefaciens, p. pr. of
rubefacere to make red; rubere to be red + facere to make.]
Making red. -- n. (Med.) An external application which
produces redness of the skin.
Rubefaction \Ru`be*fac"tion\, n.
The act or process of making red.
Rubelet \Ru"be*let\ (r[udd]"b[-e]*l[e^]t), n.
A little ruby. --Herrick.
Rubella \Ru*bel"la\, n. [NL., fr. L. rubellus reddish.] (Med.)
An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption
resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal
symptoms; -- called also {German measles}.
Rubell \Ru*bell"\, n. [L. rubellus reddish.]
A red color used in enameling. --Weale.
Rubellite \Ru"bel*lite\, n. [L. rubellus reddish, dim. of ruber
red.] (Min.)
A variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to
a deep ruby, and containing lithium.
Rubeola \Ru*be"o*la\, n. [NL., fr. L. ruber red.] (Med.)
(a) the measles.
(b) Rubella.
Ruberythrinic \Ru`ber*y*thrin"ic\, a. [L. ruber red + erythrin.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder
root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which
alizarin is obtained.
Rubescence \Ru*bes"cence\, n.
The quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a
flush.
Rubescent \Ru*bes"cent\, a. [L. rubescens, -entis, p. pr. of
rubescere to grow red, v. incho from rubere to be red: cf. F.
rubescent. See {Ruby}.]
Growing or becoming red; tending to redness.
Rubiaceous \Ru`bi*a"ceous\, a. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus
red.] (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of plants
({Rubiace[ae]}) named after the madder ({Rubia tinctoria}),
and including about three hundred and seventy genera and over
four thousand species. Among them are the coffee tree, the
trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine, the madder, the
quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible fruits called
genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants noted for
the beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms.
Rubiacin \Ru"bi*a*cin\, n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.]
(Chem)
A substance found in madder root, and probably identical with
ruberythrinic acid.
Rubian \Ru"bi*an\, n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem.)
One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder
root.
Rubianic \Ru`bi*an"ic\, a. (Chem.)
pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; specifically,
designating an acid called also {ruberythrinic} acid. [Obs.]
Ru bible \Ru" bi*ble\, n.
A ribble. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rubican \Ru"bi*can\, a. [F.]
Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of white
or gray especially on the flanks; -- said of horses. --Smart.
Rubicelle \Ru"bi*celle\, n. [Cf. F. rubacelle, rubicelle, fr. L.
rubeus red, reddish.] (Min.)
A variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil.
Rubicon \Ru"bi*con\, n. (Anc. geog.)
A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the
province alloted to Julius C[ae]sar.
Note: By leading an army across this river, contrary to the
prohibition of the civil government at Rome, C[ae]sar
precipitated the civil war which resulted in the death
of Pompey and the overthrow of the senate; hence, the
phrase to pass or cross the Rubicon signifies to take
the decisive step by which one is committed to a
hazardous enterprise from which there is no retreat.
Rubicund \Ru"bi*cund\, a. [L. rubicundus, fr. rubere to be red,
akin to ruber red. See {Red}.]
Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. ``His rubicund face.''
--Longfellow.
Rubicundity \Ru`bi*cun"di*ty\, n. [LL. rubicunditas.]
The quality or state of being rubicund; ruddiness.
To parade your rubicundity and gray hairs. --Walpole.
Rubidic \Ru*bid"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium.
Rubidine \Ru"bi*dine\ (? or ?), n. (Chem.)
A nitrogenous base homologous with pyridine, obtained from
coal tar as an oily liquid, {C11H17N}; also, any one of the
group od metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type.
Rubidium \Ru*bid"i*um\, n. [NL., fr. L. rubidus red, fr. rubere
to be red. So called from two dark red spectroscopic lines by
means of which it was discovered in the lepidolite from
Rozena, Moravia. See {Rubicund}.] (Chem.)
A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small
quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft
yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its
properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2.
Rubific \Ru*bif"ic\, a. [L. ruber red + facere to make.]
Making red; as, rubific rays. --Grew.
Rubifcation \Ru`bi*fca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. rubification.]
The act of making red. --Howell.
Rubiform \Ru"bi*form\, a. [L. ruber red + -form.]
Having the nature or quality of red; as, the rubiform rays of
the sun. [R.] --Sir I. newton.
Rubify \Ru"bi*fy\, v. t. [Cf. F. rub['e]fier. See {Rubific}.]
To redden. [R.] ``Waters rubifying.'' --Chaucer.
Rubiginose \Ru*big"i*nose`\, Rubiginous \Ru*big"i*nous\, a. [L.
rubiginosus, fr. rubigo, robigo, rust: cf. F. rubigineux.]
(Bot.)
Having the appearance or color of iron rust; rusty-looking.
Rubigo \Ru*bi"go\, n. [L. rubigo, robigo, rust of metals, rust,
blight.] (bot.)
same as {Rust}, n., 2.
Rubin \Ru"bin\, n. [Cf. LL. rubinus, It. rubino. See {Ruby}.]
A ruby. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Rubious \Ru"bi*ous\, a. [L. rubeus, fr. rubere to be red. See
{Rouge}.]
Red; ruddy. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rubiretin \Ru`bi*re"tin\, n. [Rubian + Gr. ? resin.] (Chem.)
One of the red dye products extracted from madder root, and
probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.
Ruble \Ru"ble\, n. [Russ. ruble.]
The unit of monetary value in Russia.
It is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the
realm (as in the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77
cents. The silver ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. [Written
also {rouble}.]
Rubric \Ru"bric\, n. [OE. rubriche, OF. rubriche, F. rubrique (
cf. it. rubrica), fr. L. rubrica red earth for coloring, red
chalk, the title of a law (because written in red), fr. ruber
red. See {red}.]
That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography
which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions.
Hence, specifically:
(a) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the
date and place of printing; also, the initial letters,
etc., when printed in red.
(b) (Law books) The title of a statute; -- so called as being
anciently written in red letters. --Bell.
(c) (Liturgies) The directions and rules for the conduct of
service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, also,
an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; -- usually in
the plural.
All the clergy in England solemnly pledge
themselves to observe the rubrics. --Hook.
(d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by
authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed. --Cowper.
Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human
conceptions before Christianity. --De Quincey.
Rubric \Ru"bric\, v. t.
To adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. [R.] --Johnson.
Rubric \Ru"bric\, Rubrical \Ru"bric*al\, a.
1. Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics.
What though my name stood rubric on the walls Or
plaistered posts, with claps, in capitals? --Pope.
2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. ``Rubrical
eccentricities.'' --C. Kingsley.
Rubricate \Ru"bri*cate\, a. [L. rubricatus p. p. of rubricare to
color red. See {Rubric}, n.]
Marked with red. --Sp?lmman.
Rubricate \Ru"bri*cate\, v. t.
To mark or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric;
to establish in a settled and unchangeable form. --Foxe.
A system . . . according to which the thoughts of men
were to be classed and rubricated forever after.
--Hare.
Rubrician \Ru*bri"cian\, Rubricist \Ru"bri*cist\, n.
One skilled in, or tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or
rubrics.
Rubricity \Ru*bric"i*ty\, n.
Redness. [R.]
Rubstone \Rub"stone`\, n.
A stone for scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub.
Rubus \Ru"bus\, n. [L.] (Bot.)
A genus of rosaceous plants, including the raspberry and
blackberry.
Ruby \Ru"by\, n.; pl. {Rubies}. [F. rubis (cf. Pr. robi), LL.
rubinus, robinus, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish, akin to ruber.
See {Rouge}, {red}.]
1. (Min.) A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes
verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and
hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of
corundum.
Note: Besides the true or Oriental ruby above defined, there
are the balas ruby, or ruby spinel, a red variety of
spinel, and the rock ruby, a red variety of garnet.
Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white. --Chaucer.
2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint.
The natural ruby of your cheeks. --Shak.
3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence,
a red blain or carbuncle.
4. (Print.) See {Agate}, n., 2. [Eng.]
5. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of South American humming birds of
the genus {Clytol[ae]ma}. The males have a ruby-colored
throat or breast.
{Ruby of arsenic}, {Ruby of sulphur} (Chem.), a glassy
substance of a red color and a variable composition, but
always consisting chiefly of the disulphide of arsenic; --
called also {ruby sulphur}.
{Ruby of zinc} (Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende
or sphalerite.
{Ruby silver} (Min.), red silver. See under {Red}.
Ruby \Ru"by\, a.
Ruby-colored; red; as, ruby lips.
Ruby \Ru"by\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rubied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rubying}.]
To make red; to redden. [R.] --Pope.
Rubytail \Ru"by*tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A European gold wasp ({Chrysis ignita}) which has the under
side of the abdomen bright red, and the other parts deep
bluish green with a metallic luster. The larva is parasitic
in the nests of other wasps and of bees.
Ruby-tailed \Ru"by-tailed`\, a.
Having the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red.
Rubythroat \Ru"by*throat`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of humming birds belonging to
{Trochilus}, {Calypte}, {Stellula}, and allies, in which the
male has on the throat a brilliant patch of red feathers
having metallic reflections; esp., the common humming bird of
the Eastern United States ({Trochilus colubris}).
Rubywood \Ru"by*wood`\, n.
red sandalwood. See under {Sandalwood}.
Rucervine \Ru*cer"vine\, a. [NL. Rucervus, the genus, fr. NL.
Rusa a certain genus of deer (Malay r?sa deer) + Cervus.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus {Rucervus},
which includes the swamp deer of India.
Ruche \Ruche\, n. [F. ruche ruche, beehive, OF. rusche a
beehive, which was formerly made of the bark of trees; cf. W.
rhisg, rhisgl, bark, gael. rusg bark, rind.]
1. A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, net,
ribbon, or other material, -- used in place of collars or
cuffs, and as a trimming for women's dresses and bonnets.
[Written also {rouche}.]
2. A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster
spawn.
Ruching \Ruch"ing\, n.
A ruche, or ruches collectively.
Ruck \Ruck\, n.
A roc. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] --Drayton.
Ruck \Ruck\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Rucked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rucking}.] [Icel hrukkast to wrinkle, hrukka wrinkle, fold.]
To draw into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to
ruck up a carpet. --Smart.
Ruck \Ruck\, n. [Icel. hrukka. Cf. {Ruck}, v. t.]
A wrinkle or crease in a piece of cloth, or in needlework.
Ruck \Ruck\, v. i. [Cf. Dan. ruge to brood, to hatch.]
To cower; to huddle together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on
eggs. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Gower. South.
The sheep that rouketh in the fold. --Chaucer.
Ruck \Ruck\, n. [Cf. {Ruck}.]
1. A heap; a rick. [Prov Eng. & Scot.]
2. The common sort, whether persons or things; as, the ruck
in a horse race. [Colloq.]
The ruck in society as a whole. --Lond. Sat.
Rev.
Ructation \Ruc*ta"tion\, n. [L. ructatio, fr. ructare to belch:
cf. F. ructation.]
The act of belching wind.
Ruction \Ruc"tion\, n.
An uproar; a quarrel; a noisy outbreak. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Rud \Rud\, n. [AS. rudu, akin to re['a]d red. [root]113. See
{Red}, and cf. {Ruddy}.]
1. Redness; blush. [Obs.]
2. Ruddle; red ocher.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The rudd.
Rud \Rud\, v. t.
To make red. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Rudd \Rudd\, n. [See {Rud}, n.] (Zo["o]l.)
A fresh-water European fish of the Carp family ({Leuciscus
erythrophthalmus}). It is about the size and shape of the
roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter
body, and red irises. Called also {redeye}, {roud},
{finscale}, and {shallow}. A blue variety is called
{azurine}, or {blue roach}.
Rudder \Rud"der\, n.
A riddle or sieve. [Prov. Eng.]
Rudder \Rud"der\, n. [OE. rother, AS. r[=o][eth]er a paddle;
akin to D. roer rudder, oar, G. ruder, OHG. roadar, Sw.
roder, ror, Dan. roer, ror. [root] 8. See {Row} to propel
with an oar, and cf. {Rother}. ]
1. (Naut.) The mechanical appliance by means of which a
vessel is guided or steered when in motion. It is a broad
and flat blade made of wood or iron, with a long shank,
and is fastened in an upright position, usually by one
edge, to the sternpost of the vessel in such a way that it
can be turned from side to side in the water by means of a
tiller, wheel, or other attachment.
2. Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide or
governor; that which guides or governs the course.
For rhyme the rudder is of verses. --Hudibras.
{Balance rudder} (Naut.), a rudder pivoted near the middle
instead of at the edge, -- common on sharpies.
{Drop rudder} (Naut.), a rudder extending below the keel so
as to be more effective in steering.
{Rudder chain} (Naut.), one of the loose chains or ropes
which fasten the rudder to the quarters to prevent its
loss in case it gets unshipped, and for operating it in
case the tiller or the wheel is broken.
{Rudder coat} (Naut.), a covering of tarred canvas used to
prevent water from entering the rudderhole.
{Rudder fish}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The pilot fish.
(b) The amber fish ({Seriola zonata}), which is bluish
having six broad black bands.
(c) A plain greenish black American fish ({Leirus
perciformis}); -- called also {black rudder fish},
{logfish}, and {barrel fish}. The name is also applied
to other fishes which follow vessels.
{Rudder pendants} (Naut.), ropes connected with the rudder
chains.
Rudderhead \Rud"der*head`\, n. (Naut.)
The upper end of the rudderpost, to which the tiller is
attached.
Rudderhole \Rud"der*hole\, n. (Naut.)
The hole in the deck through which the rudderpost passes.
Rudderless \Rud"der*less\, a.
Without a rudder.
Rudderpost \Rud"der*post\, n. (Naut.)
The shank of a rudder, having the blade at one end and the
attachments for operating it at the other.
Rudderstock \Rud"der*stock`\, n. (Naut.)
The main part or blade of the rudder, which is connected by
hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of a vessel.
Ruddied \Rud"died\, a.
Made ruddy or red.
Ruddily \Rud"di*ly\, adv.
In a ruddy manner. --Byron.
Ruddiness \Rud"di*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being ruddy; as, the ruddiness of the
cheeks or the sky.
Ruddle \Rud"dle\, v. t.
To raddle or twist. [Obs.]
Ruddle \Rud"dle\, n.
A riddle or sieve. [Obs.] --Holland.
Ruddle \Rud"dle\, n. [See {Rud}; cf. {Reddle}.] (Min.)
A species of red earth colored by iron sesquioxide; red
ocher.
Ruddle \Rud"dle\, v. t.
To mark with ruddle; to raddle; to rouge. ``Their ruddled
cheeks.'' --Thackeray.
A fair sheep newly ruddled. --Lady M. W.
Montagu.
Ruddock \Rud"dock\, n. [AS. ruddic; cf. W. rhuddog the
redbreast. [root]113. See {Rud}, n.] [Written also
{raddock}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The European robin. ``The tame ruddock and the
coward kite.'' --Chaucer.
2. A piece of gold money; -- probably because the gold of
coins was often reddened by copper alloy. Called also {red
ruddock}, and {golden ruddock}. [Obs.]
Great pieces of gold . . . red ruddocks. --Florio.
Ruddy \Rud"dy\, a. [Compar. {Ruddier}; superl. {Ruddiest}.] [AS.
rudig. See {Rud}, n.]
1. Of a red color; red, or reddish; as, a ruddy sky; a ruddy
flame. --Milton.
They were more ruddy in body than rubies. --Lam. iv.
7.
2. Of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in
high health; as, ruddy cheeks or lips. --Dryden.
{Ruddy duck} (Zo["o]l.), an American duck ({Erismatura
rubida}) having a broad bill and a wedge-shaped tail
composed of stiff, sharp feathers. The adult male is rich
brownish red on the back, sides, and neck, black on the
top of the head, nape, wings, and tail, and white on the
cheeks. The female and young male are dull brown mixed
with blackish on the back; grayish below. Called also
{dunbird}, {dundiver}, {ruddy diver}, {stifftail},
{spinetail}, {hardhead}, {sleepy duck}, {fool duck},
{spoonbill}, etc.
{Ruddy plover} (Zo["o]l.) the sanderling.
Ruddy \Rud"dy\, v. t.
To make ruddy. [R.] --Sir W. Scott.
Rude \Rude\, a. [Compar. {Ruder}; superl. {Rudest}.] [F., fr. L.
rudis.]
1. Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking
delicacy or refinement; coarse.
Such gardening tools as art, yet rude, . . . had
formed. --Milton.
2. Hence, specifically:
(a) Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely finished; not
smoothed or polished; -- said especially of material
things; as, rude workmanship. ``Rude was the cloth.''
--Chaucer.
Rude and unpolished stones. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
The heaven-born child All meanly wrapt in the
rude manger lies. --Milton.
(b) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank; uncivil;
clownish; ignorant; raw; unskillful; -- said of
persons, or of conduct, skill, and the like. ``Mine
ancestors were rude.''
--Chaucer.
He was but rude in the profession of arms. --Sir H.
Wotton.
the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. --Gray.
(c) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement; harsh;
severe; -- said of the weather, of storms, and the
like; as, the rude winter.
[Clouds] pushed with winds, rude in their shock.
--Milton.
The rude agitation [of water] breaks it into
foam. --Boyle.
(d) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; -- said of war,
conflict, and the like; as, the rude shock of armies.
(e) Not finished or complete; inelegant; lacking
chasteness or elegance; not in good taste;
unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; -- said of
literature, language, style, and the like. ``The rude
Irish books.'' --Spenser.
Rude am I in my speech. --Shak.
Unblemished by my rude translation. --Dryden.
Syn: Impertinent; rough; uneven; shapeless; unfashioned;
rugged; artless; unpolished; uncouth; inelegant; rustic;
coarse; vulgar; clownish; raw; unskillful; untaught;
illiterate; ignorant; uncivil; impolite; saucy;
impudent; insolent; surly; currish; churlish; brutal;
uncivilized; barbarous; savage; violent; fierce;
tumultuous; turbulent; impetuous; boisterous; harsh;
inclement; severe. See {Impertiment}. -- {Rude"ly}, adv.
-- {Rude"ness}, n.
Rudenture \Ru"den*ture\ (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. rudens a rope.]
(Arch.)
Cabling. See {Cabling}. --gwilt.
Ruderary \Ru"de*ra*ry\, a. [L. ruderarius, fr. rudus, ruderis,
stones crushed and mixed with lime, old rubbish.]
Of or pertaining to rubbish.. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Rudesby \Rudes"by\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
An uncivil, turbulent fellow. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rudesheimer \R["u]"des*heim`er\, n.
A German wine made near R["u]desheim, on the Rhine.
Rudiment \Ru"di*ment\, n. [L. rudimentum, fr. rudis unwrought,
ignorant, rude: cf. F. rudiment. See {Rude}.]
1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which
lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished
beginning.
but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit
Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes The
monarchies of the earth. --Milton.
the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in
landscape. --I. Taylor.
2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or
science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step.
This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in
the rudiments of many desperate studies. --Shak.
There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his
great warfare. --Milton.
3. (Biol.) An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never
developed.
Rudiment \Ru"di*ment\, v. t.
To furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the
rudiments. --Gayton.
Rudimental \Ru`di*men"tal\, a.
Rudimentary. --Addison.
Rudimentary \Ru`di*men"ta*ry\, a. [Cf. F. rudimentaire.]
1. Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first
principles; elementary; initial; as, rudimental essays.
2. (Biol.) Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of
development; embryonic.
Rudish \Rud"ish\, a.
Somewhat rude. --Foote.
Rudistes \Ru*dis"tes\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. rudis rough.]
(Paleon.)
An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks
characteristic of the Cretaceous period; -- called also
{Rudista}. See Illust. under {Hippurite}.
Rudity \Ru"di*ty\, n. [L. ruditas ignorance, fr. rudis rude,
illiterate.]
Rudeness; ignorance. [R.]
Rudmasday \Rud"mas*day\, n. [See {Rood}, {Mass}, {Day}.]
(R.C.Ch.)
Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 and
September 14, annually.
Rudolphine \Ru*dolph"ine\, a.
Pertaining to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables
computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho
Brahe; -- so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany.
Rue \Rue\, n. [F. rue, L. ruta, akin to Gr. ?; cf. AS. r?de.]
1. (Bot.) A perennial suffrutescent plant ({Ruta
graveolens}), having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter
taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine.
Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve,
for he had much to see. --Milton.
They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy
water, incense, sulphur, rue, which from thence, as
we suppose, came to be called herb of grace. --Jer.
Taylor.
2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret.
{Goat's rue}. See under {Goat}.
{Rue anemone}, a pretty springtime flower ({Thalictrum
anemonides}) common in the United States.
{Wall rue}, a little fern ({Asplenium Ruta-muraria}) common
on walls in Europe.
Rue \Rue\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rued}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Ruing}.]
[OE. rewen, reouwen, to grive, make sorry, AS. hre['o]wan;
akin to OS. hrewan, D. rouwen, OHG. hriuwan, G. reun, Icel.
hruggr grieved, hrug[eth] sorrow. [root] 18. Cf. {Ruth}.]
1. To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over.
--Chaucer.
I wept to see, and rued it from my heart. --Chapmen.
Thy will Chose freely what it now so justly rues.
--Milton.
2. To cause to grieve; to afflict. [Obs.] ``God wot, it rueth
me.'' --Chaucer.
3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get
released from. [Prov. Eng.]
Rue \Rue\, v. i.
1. To have compassion. [Obs.]
God so wisly [i. e., truly] on my soul rue.
--Chaucer.
Which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them.
--Ridley.
2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent.
Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue. --Chaucer.
Old year, we'll dearly rue for you. --Tennyson.
Rue \Rue\, n. [AS. hre['o]w. See {Rue}, v. t.]
Sorrow; repetance. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rueful \Rue"ful\, a.
1. Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; sorrowful.
2. Expressing sorrow. ``Rueful faces.'' --Dryden.
Two rueful figures, with long black cloaks. --Sir W.
Scott.
-- {Rue"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Rue"ful*ness}, n.
Ruell bone \Ru"ell bone`\
See {rewel bone}. [Obs.]
Ruelle \Ru*elle"\, n. [F. ruelle a narrow street, a lan?,
ruelle, fr. rue a street.]
A private circle or assembly at a private house; a circle.
[Obs.] --Dryden.
Rufescent \Ru*fes"cent\, a. [L. rufescens, p. pr. of rufescere
to become reddish, fr. rufus red: cf. F. rufescent.]
Reddish; tinged with red.
Ruff \Ruff\, n. [F. ronfle; cf. It. ronfa, Pg. rufa, rifa.]
(Card Playing)
(a) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it.
--Nares.
(b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of
the suit led.
Ruff \Ruff\, v. i. & t. (Card Playing)
To trump.
Ruff \Ruff\, n. [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. r?finn rough,
uncombed, Pr. ruf rude, rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp,
curled, G. raufen to pluck, fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E.
rough. [root]18. Cf. {Ruffle} to wrinkle.]
1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn
formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children.
Here to-morrow with his best ruff on. --Shak.
His gravity is much lessened since the late
proclamation came out against ruffs; . . . they were
come to that height of excess herein, that twenty
shillings were used to be paid for starching of a
ruff. --Howell.
2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar
of this name.
I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff
its leaves I spread. --Pope.
3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness.
How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their
glory, have been taken down from the head of a
conquering army to the wheel of the victor's
chariot! --L'Estrange.
4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.]
To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff. --Latimer.
5. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a
roll; a ruffle.
6. (Mach.) A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent
endwise motion. See Illust. of {Collar}.
7. (Zo["o]l.) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified
feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird.
8. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia ({Pavoncella, or
Philommachus, pugnax}) allied to the sandpipers. The
males during the breeding season have a large ruff of
erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the
neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They
are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in
the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or
rheeve.
(b) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its
neck.
Ruff \Ruff\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ruffed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ruffing}.]
1. To ruffle; to disorder. --Spenser.
2. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.
3. (Hawking) To hit, as the prey, without fixing it.
Ruff \Ruff\, Ruffe \Ruffe\, n. [OE. ruffe.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small freshwater European perch ({Acerina vulgaris}); --
called also {pope}, {blacktail}, and {stone, or striped,
perch}.
Ruffed \Ruffed\, a.
Furnished with a ruff.
{Ruffed grouse} (Zo["o]l.), a North American grouse ({Bonasa
umbellus}) common in the wooded districts of the Northern
United States. The male has a ruff of brown or black
feathers on each side of the neck, and is noted for the
loud drumming sound he makes during the breeding season.
Called also {tippet grouse}, {partridge}, {birch
partridge}, {pheasant}, {drummer}, and {white-flesher}.
{ruffed lemur} (Zo["o]l.), a species of lemur ({lemur
varius}) having a conspicuous ruff on the sides of the
head. Its color is varied with black and white. Called
also {ruffed maucaco}.
Ruffian \Ruf"fian\ (? or ?; 277), n. [F. rufien, OF. ruffen,
ruffian, pimp. libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp. rufian, It.
ruffiano; all perhaps of German or Dutch origin; cf. G.
raufen to pluck, scuffle, fight, OD. roffen to pander. Cf.
Ruffle to grow urbulent.]
1. A pimp; a pander; also, a paramour. [Obs.]
he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is
instantly at home, reveling with her ruffians. --Bp.
Reynolds.
2. A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow
ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat.
Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian? --Shak.
Ruffian \Ruf"fian\, a.
brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian
rage.
Ruffian \Ruf"fian\, v. i.
To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. [R.] --Shak.
Ruffianage \Ruf"fian*age\, n.
Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. ``The vilest
ruffianage.'' --Sir F. Palgrave.
Ruffianish \Ruf"fian*ish\, a.
Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; ruffianly.
Ruffianlike \Ruf"fian*like`\, a.
Ruffianly. --Fulke.
Ruffianly \Ruf"fian*ly\, a.
Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a ruffian;
violent; brutal.
Ruffianous \Ruf"fian*ous\, a.
Ruffianly. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Ruffin \Ruf"fin\, a. [See Ruffian.]
Disordered. [Obs.]
His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood.
--Spenser.
Ruffle \Ruf"fle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ruffled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ruffling}.] [From {Ruff} a plaited collar, a drum beat, a
tumult: cf. OD. ruyffelen to wrinkle.]
1. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers,
plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.
2. To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt.
3. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by
agitation or commotion.
The fantastic revelries . . . that so often ruffled
the placid bosom of the Nile. --I. Taylor.
She smoothed the ruffled seas. --Dryden.
4. To erect in a ruff, as feathers.
[the swan] ruffles her pure cold plume. --Tennyson.
5. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.
6. To discompose; to agitate; to disturb.
These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
But, ever after, the small violence done Rankled in
him and ruffled all his heart. --Tennyson.
7. To throw into disorder or confusion.
Where best He might the ruffled foe infest.
--Hudibras.
8. To throw together in a disorderly manner. [R.]
I ruffled up falen leaves in heap. --Chapman
{To ruffle the feathers of}, to exite the resentment of; to
irritate.
Ruffle \Ruf"fle\, v. i. [Perhaps of different origin from ruffle
to wrinkle; cf. OD. roffeln, roffen, to pander, LG. raffein,
Dan. ruffer a pimp. Cf. {Rufflan}.]
1. To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. [R.]
The night comes on, and the bleak winds Do sorely
ruffle. --Shak.
2. To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter.
On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined,
Ruffles at speed, and dances in the wind. --Dryden.
3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on
airs; to swagger.
They would ruffle with jurors. --Bacon.
Gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery. --Sir
W. Scott.
Ruffle \Ruf"fle\, n. [See {Ruffle}, v. t. & i.]
1. That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace,
cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one
edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill.
2. A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance;
agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle.
3. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a
roll; -- called also {ruff}. --H. L. Scott.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The connected series of large egg capsules, or
o["o]thec[ae], of any one of several species of American
marine gastropods of the genus {Fulgur}. See {O["o]theca}.
{Ruffle of a boot}, the top turned down, and scalloped or
plaited. --Halliwell.
Ruffleless \Ruf"fle*less\, a.
Having no ruffle.
Rufflement \Ruf"fle*ment\, n.
The act of ruffling. [R.]
Ruffler \Ruf"fler\, n.
1. One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian.
Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by
that crew of rufflers. --Milton.
2. That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine
attachment for making ruffles.
Rufigallic \Ru`fi*gal"lic\, a. [Rufiopin + gallic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from
gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is
related to rufiopin and anthracene.
Rufiopin \Ru`fi*o"pin\, n. [L. rufus reddish + opianic.] (Chem.)
A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene,
and obtained from opianic acid.
Rufol \Ru"fol\, n. [L. rufus reddish + -ol.] (Chem.)
A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white
crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red
dyestuff related to anthraquinone.
Rufous \Ru"fous\, a. [L. rufus.]
Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red color; tawny.
Ruft \Ruft\, n. (Med.)
Eructation; belching. [Obs.]
Rufterhood \Ruf"ter*hood\, n. [Cf. {Ruff} a plaited collar.]
(Falconry)
A kind of hood for a hawk.
Rug \Rug\, n. [Cf. Sw. rugg entanglend hair, ruggig rugged,
shaggy, probably akin to E. rough. See {Rough}, a.]
1. A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for
garments.
They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of
mine . . . repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of
these Waterford rugs. The mastiffs, . . . deeming he
had been a bear, would fain have baited him.
--Holinshed.
2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, --
used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting
part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a
poti[`e]re, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap
to protect the legs from cold, etc.
3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog.
{Rug gown}, a gown made of rug, of or coarse, shaggy cloth.
--B. Johnson.
Rug \Rug\, v. t.
To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear.
[Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Ruga \Ru"ga\, n.; pl. {Rug[ae]}. [L.] (Nat. Hist.)
A wrinkle; a fold; as, the rug[ae] of the stomach.
Rugate \Ru"gate\, a. [L. rugatus, p. p. of rugare to wrinkle,
fr. ruga a wrinkle.]
Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. --Dana.
Rugged \Rug"ged\, a. [See {Rug}, n.]
1. Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or
irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough;
as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road.
The rugged bark of some broad elm. --Milton.
2. Not neat or regular; uneven.
His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged.
--Shak.
3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. ``The rugged Russian
bear.'' --Shak.
4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of temper,
character, and the like, or of persons.
Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard,
rugged, and unconcerned as ever. --South.
5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. --Milton.
6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, style,
and the like.
Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line.
--Dryden.
7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of looks, etc.
``Sleek o'er your rugged looks.'' --Shak.
8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct, manners,
etc.
9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health, physique, etc.
[Colloq. U.S.]
Syn: Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh;
hard; crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning;
violent; boisterous; tumultuous; turbulent; stormy;
tempestuous; inclement. -- {Rug"ged*ly}, adv. --
{Rug"ged*ness}, n.
Rugging \Rug"ging\, n.
A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing,
etc.
Rug-gowned \Rug"-gowned\, a.
Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug. --Beau.
& Fl.
Ruggy \Rug"gy\, a.
Rugged; rough. [Obs.] ``With ruggy, ashy hairs.'' --Chaucer.
Rug-headed \Rug"-head`ed\, a.
Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.]
Those rough rug-headed kerns. --Shak.
Rugin \Rug"in\, n.
A nappy cloth. [Obs.] --Wiseman.
Rugine \Ru"gine\, n. [F.] (Surg.)
An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a
raspatory.
Rugine \Ru"gine\, v. t. [F. ruginer to scrape.]
To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. [R.] --Wiseman.
Rugosa \Ru*go"sa\, n. pl. [NL. See {Rugose}.] (Paleon.)
An extinct tribe of fossil corals, including numerous
species, many of them of large size. They are characteristic
of the Paleozoic formations. The radiating septs, when
present, are usually in multiples of four. See
{Cyathophylloid}.
Rugose \Ru*gose"\, a. [L. rugosus, r. ruga a wrinkle.]
Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.), having the
veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the
leaves of the sage and horehound.
Rugosity \Ru*gos"i*ty\, n. [l. rugositas: cf. F. rugosit['e].]
The quality or state of being rugose.
Rugous \Ru"gous\, a. [Cf. F. rugueux.]
Wrinkled; rugose.
Rugulose \Ru`gu*lose"\, a.
Somewhat rugose.
Ruhmkorff's coil \Ruhm"korff's coil`\ [So called from its
inventor, Ruhmkorff, a german physicist.] (Elec.)
See {Induction coil}, under {Induction}.
Ruin \Ru"in\, n. [OE. ruine, F. ruine, fr. L. ruina, fr. ruere,
rutum, to fall with violence, to rush or tumble down.]
1. The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] ``His
ruin startled the other steeds.'' --Chapman.
2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely
defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction;
overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of
a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or
hopes. ``Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!'' --Gray.
3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury
or decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the
plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or
desolate house, fortress, city, or the like.
The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one
promiscuous ruin cover all; Nor, after length of
years, a stone betray The place where once the very
ruins lay. --Addison.
The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous
habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character.
--Buckminster.
4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or
worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin.
5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction.
The errors of young men are the ruin of business.
--Bacon.
Syn: Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow;
subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.
Ruin \Ru"in\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ruined};p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ruining}.] [Cf. F. ruiner, LL. ruinare. See {Ruin}, n.]
To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to
make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty
or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to
overthrow.
this mortal house I'll ruin. --Shak.
By thee raised, I ruin all my foes. --Milton.
The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us.
--Franklin.
By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling
ruined cities in the ashes. --Longfellow.
Ruin \Ru"in\, v. i.
To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or
dilapidated; to perish. [R.]
Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall
it ruin like the moth's frail cell. --Sandys.
If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their
business, we shall ruin the faster. --Locke.
Ruinable \Ru"in*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being ruined.
Ruinate \Ru"in*ate\, v. t. [LL. ruinatus, p. p. of ruinare to
ruin. See {Ruin}.]
1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty;
to ruin.
I will not ruinate my f?ther's house. --Shak.
Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies.
--Burton.
2. To cause to fall; to cast down.
On the other side they saw that perilous rock
Threatening itself on them to ruinate. --Spenser.
Ruinate \Ru"in*ate\, v. i.
To fall; to tumble. [Obs.]
Ruinate \Ru"in*ate\, a. [L. ruinatus, p. p.]
Involved in ruin; ruined.
My brother Edward lives in pomp and state, I in a
mansion here all ruinate. --J. Webster.
Ruination \Ru`in*a"tion\, n. [LL. ruinatio.]
The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.
Ruiner \Ru"in*er\, n.
One who, or that which, ruins.
Ruiniform \Ru"in*i*form\, a. [Ruin + -form: cf. F. ruiniforme.]
Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; --
said of certain minerals.
Ruinous \Ru"in*ous\, a. [L. ruinosus: cf. F. ruineux. See
{Ruin}.]
1. Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful;
pernicious; as, a ruinous project.
After a night of storm so ruinous. --Milton.
2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an
edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous state.
3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins.
Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a ruinous heap.
--Isa. xvii.
1.
Syn: Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious;
destructive; baneful; wasteful; mischievous. --
{Ru"in*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Ru"in*ous*ness}, n.
Rukh \Rukh\, n. [Srr {Roc}.]
1. The roc.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A large bird, supposed by some to be the same
as the extinct Epiornis of Madagascar. [Obs.]
Rulble \Rul"*ble\, a.
That may be ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable
to rule. --Bacon.
Rule \Rule\, n. [OE. reule, riule, OF. riule, reule, F.
r['e]gle, fr. L. regula a ruler, rule, model, fr. regere,
rectum, to lead straight, to direct. See {Right}, a., and cf.
{Regular}.]
1. That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for
conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific
purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a
prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various
societies; the rules governing a school; a rule of
etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket.
We profess to have embraced a religion which
contains the most exact rules for the government of
our lives. --Tillotson.
2. Hence:
(a) Uniform or established course of things.
'T is against the rule of nature. --Shak.
(b) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise
at six o'clock.
(c) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state
or condition of things; as, it is a rule to which
there are many exeptions.
(d) Conduct in general; behavior. [Obs.]
This uncivil rule; she shall know of it. --Shak.
3. The act of ruling; administration of law; government;
empire; authority; control.
Obey them that have the rule over you. --Heb. xiii.
17.
His stern rule the groaning land obeyed. --Pope.
4. (Law) An order regulating the practice of the courts, or
an order made between parties to an action or a suit.
--Wharton.
5. (Math.) A determinate method prescribed for performing any
operation and producing a certain result; as, a rule for
extracting the cube root.
6. (Gram.) A general principle concerning the formation or
use of words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is
a rule in England, that s or es, added to a noun in the
singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but
``man'' forms its plural ``men'', and is an exception to
the rule.
7.
(a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which
serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler.
(b) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar
of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually
marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch,
and jointed so that it may be folded compactly.
A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will
trust only to his rule. --South.
8. (Print.)
(a) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same
height as the type, and used for printing lines, as
between columns on the same page, or in tabular work.
(b) A composing rule. See under {Conposing}.
{As a rule}, as a general thing; in the main; usually; as, he
behaves well, as a rule.
{Board rule}, {Caliber rule}, etc. See under {Board},
{Caliber}, etc.
{Rule joint}, a knuckle joint having shoulders that abut when
the connected pieces come in line with each other, and
thus permit folding in one direction only.
{Rule of three} (Arith.), that rule which directs, when three
terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have
the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the
first; proportion. See {Proportion}, 5
(b) .
{Rule of thumb}, any rude process or operation, like that of
using the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence, judgment
and practical experience as distinguished from scientific
knowledge.
Syn: regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon; order;
method; direction; control; government; sway; empire.
Rule \Rule\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ruled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Ruling}.] [Cf. OF. riuler, ruiler, L. regulare. See {Rule},
n., and cf. {Regulate}.]
1. To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority
or dominion over; to govern; to manage. --Chaucer.
A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that
ruleth well his own house, having his children in
subjection. --1 Tim. iii.
2, 4.
2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion;
to guide; -- used chiefly in the passive.
I think she will be ruled In all respects by me.
--Shak.
3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by
universal or general consent, or by common practice.
That's are ruled case with the schoolmen.
--Atterbury.
4. (Law) To require or command by rule; to give as a
direction or order of court.
5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided
by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means
of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result;
as, to rule a sheet of paper of a blank book.
{Ruled surface} (Geom.), any surface that may be described by
a straight line moving according to a given law; -- called
also a {scroll}.
Rule \Rule\, v. i.
1. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority;
-- often followed by over.
By me princes rule, and nobles. --Prov. viii.
16.
We subdue and rule over all other creatures. --Ray.
2. (Law) To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to
decide an incidental point; to enter a rule. --Burril.
Bouvier.
3. (Com.) To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be
in general, or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday
than the day before.
Ruleless \Rule"less\, a.
Destitute of rule; lawless. --Spenser.
Rule-monger \Rule"-mon`ger\, n.
A stickler for rules; a slave of rules [R.] --Hare.
Ruler \Rul"er\ (r[udd]l"[~e]r), n.
1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a
governor.
And he made him ruler over all the land. --Gen. xli.
43.
A prince and ruler of the land. --Shak.
2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a
smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing
lines. Cf. {Rule}, n., 7
(a)
.
{Parallel ruler}. See under {Parallel}.
Ruling \Rul"ing\, a.
1. Predominant; chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling
passion; a ruling sovereign.
2. Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a ruling machine
or pen.
Syn: Predominant; chief; controlling; directing; guiding;
governing; prevailing; prevalent.
Ruling \Rul"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who rules; ruled lines.
2. (Law) A decision or rule of a judge or a court, especially
an oral decision, as in excluding evidence.
Rulingly \Rul"ing*ly\, adv.
In a ruling manner; so as to rule.
Rullichies \Rul"li*chies\ (r[u^]l"l[i^]*ch[i^]z), n. pl. [Cf. D.
rolletje a little roll.]
Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut
in slices and fried. [Local, New York]
Ruly \Rul"y\, a. [From {Rule}.]
Orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed to {unruly}. [Obs.]
--Gascoigne.
Rum \Rum\, n. [probably shortened from Prov. E. rumbullion a
great tumult, formerly applied in the island of Barbadoes to
an intoxicating liquor.]
A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or
from the scummings of the boiled juice, or from treacle or
molasses, or from the lees of former distillations. Also,
sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective name
for intoxicating liquor.
{Rum bud}, a grog blossom. [Colloq.]
{Rum shrub}, a drink composed of rum, water, sugar, and lime
juice or lemon juice, with some flavoring extract.
Rum \Rum\, a. [Formerly rome, a slang word for good; possibly of
Gypsy origin; cf. Gypsy rom a husband, a gypsy.]
Old-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow.
[Slang] --Dickens.
Rum \Rum\, n.
A queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. [Slang,
Obs.] --Swift.
Rumble \Rum"ble\, v. i. [OE. romblen, akin to D. rommelen, G.
rumpeln, Dan. rumle; cf. Icel. rymja to roar.]
1. To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as, the thunder
rumbles at a distance.
In the mean while the skies 'gan rumble sore.
--Surrey.
The people cried and rombled up and down. --Chaucer.
2. To murmur; to ripple.
To rumble gently down with murmur soft. --Spenser.
Rumble \Rum"ble\, n.
1. A noisy report; rumor. [Obs.]
Delighting ever in rumble that is new. --Chaucer.
2. A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy
wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise;
as, the rumble of a railroad train.
Clamor and rumble, and ringing and clatter.
--Tennyson.
Merged in the rumble of awakening day. --H. James.
3. A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage.
Kit, well wrapped, . . . was in the rumble behind.
--Dickens.
4. A rotating cask or box in which small articles are
smoothed or polished by friction against each other.
Rumble \Rum"ble\, v. t.
To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. See
{Rumble}, n., 4.
Rumbler \Rum"bler\, n.
One who, or that which, rumbles.
Rumbling \Rum"bling\,
a. & n. from {Rumble}, v. i.
Rumblingly \Rum"bling*ly\, adv.
In a rumbling manner.
Rumbo \Rum"bo\, n.
Grog. [Obs.] --Sir W. Scott.
Rumbowline \Rum*bow"line\, n. (Naut.)
Same as {Rombowline}.
Rumen \Ru"men\, n. [L. rumen, - inis, the throat.]
1. (Anat.) The first stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the
fardingbag. See Illust. below.
2. The cud of a ruminant.
Rumicin \Ru"mi*cin\, n. (Chem.)
A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow
dock ({Rumex crispus}) and identical with {chrysophanic
acid}.
Ruminal \Rumi*nal\, a. [L. ruminalis.] (Zo["o]l.)
Ruminant; ruminating. [R.]
Ruminant \Ru"mi*nant\, a. [L. ruminans, -antis, p. pr.: cf. F.
ruminant. See {Ruminate}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been
swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.
Ruminant \Ru"mi*nant\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.
Ruminantia \Ru`mi*nan"ti*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This
division includes the camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep,
neat cattle, and allies.
Note: The vegetable food, after the first mastication, enters
the first stomach (r). It afterwards passes into the
second (n), where it is moistened, and formed into
pellets which the animal has the power of bringing back
to the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is
swallowed into the third stomach (m), whence it passes
to the fourth (s), where it is finally digested.
Ruminantly \Ru"mi*nant*ly\, adv.
In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud.
Ruminate \Ru"mi*nate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ruminated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Ruminating}.] [L. ruminatus, p. p. of ruminari,
ruminare, fr. rumen, -inis, throat, akin to ructare to belch,
erugere to belch out, Gr. ?, AS. roccettan.]
1. To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly
chewed and swallowed. ``Cattle free to ruminate.''
--Wordsworth.
2. Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to
ponder; to reflect. --Cowper.
Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that
ruminates on the felicity of heaven? --I. Taylor.
Ruminate \Ru"mi*nate\, v. t.
1. To chew over again.
2. Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse on.
Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin. --Dryden.
What I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set down.
--Shak.
Ruminate \Ru"mi*nate\, Ruminated \Ru"mi*na`ted\, a. (Bot.)
Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled
with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North
American papaw.
Rumination \Ru`mi*na"tion\, n. [L. ruminatio: cf. F.
rumination.]
1. The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the
habit of chewing the cud.
Rumination is given to animals to enable them at
once to lay up a great store of food, and afterward
to chew it. --Arbuthnot.
2. The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder;
deliberate meditation or reflection.
Retiring full of rumination sad. --Thomson.
3. (Physiol.) The regurgitation of food from the stomach
after it has been swallowed, -- occasionally observed as a
morbid phenomenon in man.
Ruminative \Ru"mi*na*tive\, a.
Inclined to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation.
Ruminator \Ru"mi*na`tor\, n. [L.]
One who ruminates or muses; a meditator.
Rumkin \Rum"kin\, n. [Cf. {Rummer}, and see {-kin}.]
A popular or jocular name for a drinking vessel. [Obs.]
Rummage \Rum"mage\ (?; 48), n. [For roomage, fr. room; hence
originally, a making room, a packing away closely. See
{Room}.]
1. (Naut.) A place or room for the stowage of cargo in a
ship; also, the act of stowing cargo; the pulling and
moving about of packages incident to close stowage; --
formerly written romage. [Obs.]
2. A searching carefully by looking into every corner, and by
turning things over.
He has made such a general rummage and reform in the
office of matrimony. --Walpole.
{Rummage sale}, a clearance sale of unclaimed goods in a
public store, or of odds and ends which have accumulated
in a shop. --Simmonds.
Rummage \Rum"mage\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rummaged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Rummaging}.]
1. (Naut.) To make room in, as a ship, for the cargo; to move
about, as packages, ballast, so as to permit close
stowage; to stow closely; to pack; -- formerly written
{roomage}, and {romage}. [Obs.]
They might bring away a great deal more than they
do, if they would take pain in the romaging.
--Hakluyt.
2. To search or examine thoroughly by looking into every
corner, and turning over or removing goods or other
things; to examine, as a book, carefully, turning over
leaf after leaf.
He . . . searcheth his pockets, and taketh his keys,
and so rummageth all his closets and trunks.
--Howell.
What schoolboy of us has not rummaged his Greek
dictionary in vain for a satisfactory account! --M.
Arnold.
Rummage \Rum"mage\, v. i.
To search a place narrowly.
I have often rummaged for old books in Little Britain
and Duck Lane. --Swift.
[His house] was haunted with a jolly ghost, that . . .
. . . rummaged like a rat. --Tennyson.
Rummager \Rum"ma*ger\, n.
1. One who rummages.
2. (Naut.) A person on shipboard whose business was to take
charge of stowing the cargo; -- formerly written
{roomager}, and {romager}. [Obs.]
The master must provide a perfect mariner, called a
romager, to range and bestow all merchandise.
--Hakluyt.
Rummer \Rum"mer\, n. [D. roemer, romer, akin to G. r["o]mer, Sw.
remmare; perhaps properly, Roman.]
A large and tall glass, or drinking cup. [Obs.] --J. Philips.
Rummy \Rum"my\, a.
Of or pertaining to rum; characteristic of rum; as a rummy
flavor.
Rummy \Rum"my\, n.; pl. {Rummies}.
One who drinks rum; an habitually intemperate person. [Low]
Rummy \Rum"my\, a. [See {Rum}, a.]
Strange; odd. [Slang]
Rumney \Rum"ney\, n.
A sort of Spanish wine. [Obs.]
Rumor \Ru"mor\, n. [F. rumeur, L. rumor; cf. rumificare,
rumitare to rumor, Skr. ru to cry.] [Written also {rumour}.]
1. A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public
fame; notoriety.
This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea,
and throughout all the region round about. --Luke
vii. 17.
Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight. --Shak.
2. A current story passing from one person to another,
without any known authority for its truth; -- in this
sense often personified.
Rumor next, and Chance, And Tumult, and Confusion,
all embroiled. --Milton.
3. A prolonged, indistinct noise. [Obs.] --Shak.
Rumor \Ru"mor\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Rumored}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rumoring}.]
To report by rumor; to tell.
'T was rumored My father 'scaped from out the citadel.
--Dryden.
Rumorer \Ru"mor*er\, n.
A teller of news; especially, one who spreads false reports.
--Shak.
Rumorous \Ru"mor*ous\, a. [Cf. OF. rumoreux, It. rumoroso,
romoroso.]
1. Of or pertaining to a rumor; of the nature of rumors.
[Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
2. Famous; notorious. [Obs.] --Bale.
3. Murmuring. [Obs. or Poetic] --Drayton.
Rump \Rump\, n. [OE. rumpe; akin to D. romp trunk, body, LG.
rump, G. rumpf, Dan. rumpe rump, Icel. rumpr, Sw. rumpa rump,
tail.]
1. The end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts
adjacent; the buttock or buttocks.
2. Among butchers, the piece of beef between the sirloin and
the aitchbone piece. See Illust. of {Beef}.
3. Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant.
{Rump Parliament}, or {The Rump} (Eng. Hist.), the remnant of
the Long Parliament after the expulsion by Cromwell in
1648 of those who opposed his purposes. It was dissolved
by Cromwell in 1653, but twice revived for brief sessions,
ending finally in 1659.
The Rump abolished the House of Lords, the army
abolished the Rump, and by this army of saints
Cromwell governed. --Swift.
{Rump steak}, a beefsteak from the rump. --Goldsmith.
Rumper \Rump"er\, n.
A member or a supporter of the Rump Parliament. --I.
Disraeli.
Rump-fed \Rump"-fed\, a.
A Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps ``fattened
in the rump, pampered.'' ``The rump-fed ronyon.''
Rumple \Rum"ple\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Rumpled} p. pr. &
vb. n. {Rumpling}.] [Cf. rimple, and D. rimpelen to wrinkle,
rompelig rough, uneven, G. r["u]mpfen to wrinkle, MHG.
r["u]mphen, OHG. rimpfan, Gr. "ra`mfos the crooked beak of
birds of prey, ? to roam.]
To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to
wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat.
They would not give a dog's ear of their most rumpled
and ragged Scotch paper for twenty of your fairest
assignats. --Burke.
Rumple \Rum"ple\, n.
A fold or plait; a wrinkle. --Dryden.
Rumpled \Rum"pled\, a.
Wrinkled; crumpled. --Pope.
Rumpless \Rump"less\, a.
Destitute of a rump.
Rumply \Rum"ply\, a.
Rumpled. --Carlyle.
Rumpus \Rum"pus\, n.
A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. [Colloq.]
Rumseller \Rum"sell`er\, n.
One who sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors;
especially, one who sells spirituous beverages at retail.
Run \Run\, v. i. [imp. {Ran}or {Run}; p. p. {Run}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Running}.] [OE. rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p. p. runnen,
ronnen). AS. rinnan to flow (imp. ran, p. p. gerunnen), and
iernan, irnan, to run (imp. orn, arn, earn, p. p. urnen);
akin to D. runnen, rennen, OS. & OHG. rinnan, G. rinnen,
rennen, Icel. renna, rinna, Sw. rinna, r["a]nna, Dan. rinde,
rende, Goth. rinnan, and perh. to L. oriri to rise, Gr. ? to
stir up, rouse, Skr. ? (cf. {Origin}), or perh. to L. rivus
brook (cf. {Rival}). [root]11. Cf. {Ember}, a., {Rennet}.]
1. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly,
smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate
or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a
stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action
than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog.
Specifically:
2. Of voluntary or personal action:
(a) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten.
``Ha, ha, the fox!'' and after him they ran.
--Chaucer.
(b) To flee, as from fear or danger.
As from a bear a man would run for life. --Shak.
(c) To steal off; to depart secretly.
My conscience will serve me to run from this
jew. --Shak.
(d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest;
to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress.
Know ye not that they which run in a race run
all, but one receiveth the prize? So run, that
ye may obtain. --1 Cor. ix.
24.
(e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to
come into a certain condition; -- often with in or
into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt.
Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to
rend my heart with grief and run distracted?
--Addison.
(f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run
through life; to run in a circle.
(g) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as,
to run from one subject to another.
Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set
of precepts foreign to his subject. --Addison.
(h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about
something; -- with on.
(i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as
upon a bank; -- with on.
(j) To creep, as serpents.
3. Of involuntary motion:
(a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course;
as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring;
her blood ran cold.
(b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread.
The fire ran along upon the ground. --Ex. ix.
23.
(c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse.
As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run.
--Addison.
Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire.
--Woodward.
(d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot;
as, a wheel runs swiftly round.
(e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical
means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to
Albany; the train runs to Chicago.
(f) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from
Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth
not to the contrary.
She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each
sire impressed, and glaring in his son. --Pope.
(g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as,
the stage runs between the hotel and the station.
(h) To make progress; to proceed; to pass.
As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad
in most part of our lives that it ran much
faster. --Addison.
(i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or
motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill
runs six days in the week.
When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on
the good circumstances of it; when it is
obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones.
--Swift.
(j) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east
and west.
Where the generally allowed practice runs
counter to it. --Locke.
Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs
against all reason. --Shak.
(k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words.
The king's ordinary style runneth, ``Our
sovereign lord the king.'' --Bp.
Sanderson.
(l) To be popularly known; to be generally received.
Men gave them their own names, by which they run
a great while in Rome. --Sir W.
Temple.
Neither was he ignorant what report ran of
himself. --Knolles.
(m) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run
up rapidly.
If the richness of the ground cause turnips to
run to leaves. --Mortimer.
(n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.
A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds.
--Bacon.
Temperate climates run into moderate
governments. --Swift.
(o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run
in washing.
In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . .
distinguished, but near the borders they run
into one another. --I. Watts.
(p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in
force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in
company; as, certain covenants run with the land.
Customs run only upon our goods imported or
exported, and that but once for all; whereas
interest runs as well upon our ships as goods,
and must be yearly paid. --Sir J.
Child.
(q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a
note has thirty days to run.
(r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs.
(s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days
or nights; as, the piece ran for six months.
(t) (Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from
reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels.
4. Specifically, of a horse: To move rapidly in a gait in
which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a
supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are
gathered in the air under the body. --Stillman (The Horse
in Motion).
5. (Athletics) To move rapidly by springing steps so that
there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches
the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic
competition.
{As things run}, according to the usual order, conditions,
quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or
specification.
{To let run} (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to
slacken or loosen.
{To run after}, to pursue or follow; to search for; to
endeavor to find or obtain; as, to run after similes.
--Locke.
{To run away}, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without
control or guidance.
{To run away with}.
(a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or
elopement.
(b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs
away with a carriage.
{To run down}.
(a) To cease to work or operate on account of the
exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks,
watches, etc.
(b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health.
{To run down a coast}, to sail along it.
{To run for an office}, to stand as a candidate for an
office.
{To run in} or {into}.
(a) To enter; to step in.
(b) To come in collision with.
{To run in trust}, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.]
{To run in with}.
(a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] --T. Baker.
(b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as,
to run in with the land.
{To run mad}, {To run mad after} or {on}. See under {Mad}.
{To run on}.
(a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for a
year or two without a settlement.
(b) To talk incessantly.
(c) To continue a course.
(d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with
sarcasm; to bear hard on.
(e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without
making a break or beginning a new paragraph.
{To run out}.
(a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out
at Michaelmas.
(b) To extend; to spread. ``Insectile animals . . . run
all out into legs.'' --Hammond.
(c) To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful
digressions.
(d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become
extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will
soon run out.
And had her stock been less, no doubt She must
have long ago run out. --Dryden.
{To run over}.
(a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor runs
over.
(b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily.
(c) To ride or drive over; as, to run over a child.
{To run riot}, to go to excess.
{To run through}.
(a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book.
(b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate.
{To run to seed}, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing
seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease
growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind.
{To run up}, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as,
accounts of goods credited run up very fast.
But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had
run up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees.
--Sir W.
Scott.
{To run with}.
(a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the
streets ran with blood.
(b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance.
``Its rivers ran with gold.'' --J. H. Newman.
Run \Run\, v. t.
1. To cause to run (in the various senses of {Run}, v. i.);
as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to
run a rope through a block.
2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
To run the world back to its first original.
--South.
I would gladly understand the formation of a soul,
and run it up to its ``punctum saliens.'' --Collier.
3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or
through the body; to run a nail into the foot.
You run your head into the lion's mouth. --Sir W.
Scott.
Having run his fingers through his hair. --Dickens.
4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.
They ran the ship aground. --Acts xxvii.
41.
A talkative person runs himself upon great
inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's
secrets. --Ray.
Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run
natural philosophy into metaphysical notions.
--Locke.
5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets,
and the like.
The purest gold must be run and washed. --Felton.
6. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to
determine; as, to run a line.
7. To cause to pass, or evade, offical restrictions; to
smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods.
Heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of
running goods. --Swift.
8. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race;
to run a certain career.
9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support
for office; as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq.
U.S.]
10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run
the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chances,
below. ``He runneth two dangers.'' --Bacon.
11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
He would himself be in the Highlands to receive
them, and run his fortune with them. --Clarendon.
12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be
bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water.
At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while
ran blood, great C[ae]sar fell. --Shak.
13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing;
as, the rivers ran blood.
14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory
or a hotel. [Colloq. U.S.]
15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.]
16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material
in a continuous line, generally taking a series of
stitches on the needle at the same time.
17. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to
ascend a river in order to spawn.
{To run a blockade}, to get to, or away from, a blockaded
port in safety.
{To run down}.
(a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is
captured or exhausted; as, to run down a stag.
(b) (Naut.) To run against and sink, as a vessel.
(c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. ``Religion is
run down by the license of these times.'' --Berkeley.
(d) To disparage; to traduce. --F. W. Newman.
{To run hard}.
(a) To press in competition; as, to run one hard in a
race.
(b) To urge or press importunately.
(c) To banter severely.
{To run into the ground}, to carry to an absurd extreme; to
overdo. [Slang, U.S.]
{To run off}, to cause to flow away, as a charge of molten
metal from a furnace.
{To run on} (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type
for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a
new paragraph.
{To run out}.
(a) To thrust or push out; to extend.
(b) To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate.
(c) (Baseball) To put out while running between two
bases.
{To run} {the chances, or one's chances}, to encounter all
the risks of a certain course.
{To run through}, to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword.
``[He] was run through the body by the man who had asked
his advice.'' --Addison.
{To run up}.
(a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender.
(b) To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an account.
(c) To erect hastily, as a building.
Run \Run\, n.
1. The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick
run; to go on the run.
2. A small stream; a brook; a creek.
3. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain
operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in
wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard.
4. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain
course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck.
They who made their arrangements in the first run of
misadventure . . . put a seal on their calamities.
--Burke.
5. State of being current; currency; popularity.
It is impossible for detached papers to have a
general run, or long continuance, if not diversified
with humor. --Addison.
6. Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as,
to have a run of a hundred successive nights.
A canting, mawkish play . . . had an immense run.
--Macaulay.
7. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a
bank or treasury for payment of its notes.
8. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep
run. --Howitt.
9. (Naut.)
(a) The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows
toward the stern, under the quarter.
(b) The distance sailed by a ship; as, a good run; a run
of fifty miles.
(c) A voyage; as, a run to China.
10. A pleasure excursion; a trip. [Colloq.]
I think of giving her a run in London. --Dickens.
11. (Mining) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be
carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or
by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which
a vein of ore or other substance takes.
12. (Mus.) A roulade, or series of running tones.
13. (Mil.) The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It
is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick,
but with greater speed.
14. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; --
said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes
which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of
spawning.
15. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a
player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a
passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point
is scored; as, a player made three runs; the side went
out with two hundred runs.
The ``runs'' are made from wicket to wicket, the
batsmen interchanging ends at each run. --R. A.
Proctor.
16. A pair or set of millstones.
{At the long run}, now, commonly, {In the long run}, in or
during the whole process or course of things taken
together; in the final result; in the end; finally.
[Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but
he surpasses them in the long run. --J. H.
Newman.
{Home run}.
(a) A running or returning toward home, or to the point
from which the start was made. Cf. {Home stretch}.
(b) (Baseball) See under {Home}.
{The run}, or {The common run}, etc., ordinary persons; the
generality or average of people or things; also, that
which ordinarily occurs; ordinary current, course, or
kind.
I saw nothing else that is superior to the common
run of parks. --Walpole.
Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as
beneath him, merely because he was conscious of his
own vast superiority to the common run of men.
--Prof.
Wilson.
His whole appearance was something out of the common
run. --W. Irving.
{To let go by the run} (Naut.), to loosen and let run freely,
as lines; to let fall without restraint, as a sail.
Run \Run\, a.
1. Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as,
run butter; run iron or lead.
2. Smuggled; as, run goods. [Colloq.] --Miss Edgeworth.
{Run steel}, malleable iron castings. See under {Malleable}.
--Raymond.
Runagate \Run"a*gate\, n. [F. ren['e]gat, Prov. renegat. LL.
renegatus; confused with E. run and gate a way. See
{Renegade}.]
A fugitive; a vagabond; an apostate; a renegade. See
{Renegade}. --Bunyan.
Wretched runagates from the jail. --De Quincey.
Who has not been a runagate from duty? --Hare.
Runaway \Run"a*way`\, n.
1. One who, or that which, flees from danger, duty,
restraint, etc.; a fugitive.
Thou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled? --Shak.
2. The act of running away, esp. of a horse or teams; as,
there was a runaway yesterday.
Runaway \Run"a*way`\, a.
1. Running away; fleeing from danger, duty, restraint, etc.;
as, runaway soldiers; a runaway horse.
2. Accomplished by running away or elopement, or during
flight; as, a runaway marriage.
Runcation \Run*ca"tion\, n. [L. runcatio, fr. runcare to weed
out.]
A weeding. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
Runch \Runch\, n. (Bot.)
The wild radish. --Dr. Prior.
Runcinate \Run"ci*nate\, a. [L. runcinatus, p. p. of runcinare
to plane off, fr. runcina a plane.] (Bot.)
Pinnately cut with the lobes pointing downwards, as the leaf
of the dandelion.
Rundel \Run"del\, n. [Cf. {Rindle}.]
A moat with water in it; also, a small stream; a runlet.
[Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Rundel \Run"del\, n. [Cf. {Rundle}.]
A circle. [Prov. Eng.]
Rundle \Run"dle\, n. [E. round. Cf. {Rondle}.]
1. A round; a step of a ladder; a rung. --Duppa.
2. A ball. [Obs.] --Holland.
3. Something which rotates about an axis, as a wheel, or the
drum of a capstan. ``An axis or cylinder having a rundle
about it.'' --Bp. Wilkins.
4. (Mach.) One of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel.
Rundlet \Rund"let\, n. [Dim. of OF. rondele a little tun, fr.
rond round. See {Round}, and cf. {Roundlet}, {Runlet}.]
A small barrel of no certain dimensions. It may contain from
3 to 20 gallons, but it usually holds about 141/2 gallons.
[Written also {runlet}.]
Rune \Rune\ (r[udd]n), n. [AS. r[=u]n a rune, a secret, a
mystery; akin to Icel. r[=u]n, OHG. & Goth. r[=u]na a secret,
secret colloquy, G. & Dan. rune rune, and probably to Gr.
'ereyna^n to search for. Cf. {Roun} to whisper.]
1. A letter, or character, belonging to the written language
of the ancient Norsemen, or Scandinavians; in a wider
sense, applied to the letters of the ancient nations of
Northern Europe in general.
Note: The Norsemen had a peculiar alphabet, consisting of
sixteen letters, or characters, called runes, the
origin of which is lost in the remotest antiquity. The
signification of the word rune (mystery) seems to
allude to the fact that originally only a few were
acquainted with the use of these marks, and that they
were mostly applied to secret tricks, witchcrafts and
enchantments. But the runes were also used in
communication by writing.
2. pl. Old Norse poetry expressed in runes.
Runes were upon his tongue, As on the warrior's
sword. --Longfellow.
{Rune stone}, a stone bearing a runic inscription.
Runer \Ru"ner\, n.
A bard, or learned man, among the ancient Goths. --Sir W.
Temple.
Rung \Rung\,
imp. & p. p. of {Ring}.
Rung \Rung\, n. [OE. ronge, AS. hrung, a staff, rod, pole; akin
to G. runge a short, thick piece of iron or wood, OD. ronghe
a prop, support, Icel. r["o]ng a rib in a ship, Goth. Hrugga
a staff.]
1. (Shipbuilding) A floor timber in a ship.
2. One of the rounds of a ladder.
3. One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy staff.
4. (Mach.) One of the radial handles projecting from the rim
of a steering wheel; also, one of the pins or trundles of
a lantern wheel.
Runghead \Rung"head`\, n. (Shipbuilding)
The upper end of a floor timber in a ship.
Runic \Ru"nic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a rune, to runes, or to the Norsemen; as,
runic verses; runic letters; runic names; runic rhyme.
{Runic staff}. See {Clog almanac}, under {Clog}.
{Runic wand}, a willow wand bearing runes, formerly thought
to have been used by the heathen tribes of Northern Europe
in magical ceremonies.
Runlet \Run"let\, n. [Run + -let.]
A little run or stream; a streamlet; a brook.
To trace out to its marshy source every runlet that has
cast in its tiny pitcherful with the rest. --Lowell.
Runlet \Run"let\, n.
Same as {Rundlet}. ``A stoup of sack, or a runlet of
canary.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Runnel \Run"nel\, n. [From {Run}. Cf. {Rindle}.]
A rivulet or small brook.
Bubbling runnels joined the sound. --Collins.
By the very sides of the way . . . there are slow
runnels, in which one can see the minnows swimming.
--Masson.
Runner \Run"ner\, n. [From {Run}.]
1. One who, or that which, runs; a racer.
2. A detective. [Slang, Eng.] --Dickens.
3. A messenger. --Swift.
4. A smuggler. [Colloq.] --R. North.
5. One employed to solicit patronage, as for a steamboat,
hotel, shop, etc. [Cant, U.S.]
6. (Bot.) A slender trailing branch which takes root at the
joints or end and there forms new plants, as in the
strawberry and the common cinquefoil.
7. The rotating stone of a set of millstones.
8. (Naut.) A rope rove through a block and used to increase
the mechanical power of a tackle. --Totten.
9. One of the pieces on which a sled or sleigh slides; also
the part or blade of a skate which slides on the ice.
10. (Founding)
(a) A horizontal channel in a mold, through which the
metal flows to the cavity formed by the pattern;
also, the waste metal left in such a channel.
(b) A trough or channel for leading molten metal from a
furnace to a ladle, mold, or pig bed.
11. The movable piece to which the ribs of an umbrella are
attached.
12. (Zo["o]l.) A food fish ({Elagatis pinnulatus}) of Florida
and the West Indies; -- called also {skipjack},
{shoemaker}, and {yellowtail}. The name alludes to its
rapid successive leaps from the water.
13. (Zo["o]l.) Any cursorial bird.
14. (Mech.)
(a) A movable slab or rubber used in grinding or
polishing a surface of stone.
(b) A tool on which lenses are fastened in a group, for
polishing or grinding.
Runnet \Run"net\, n.
See {Rennet}.
Running \Run"ning\, a.
1. Moving or advancing by running. Specifically, of a horse;
(a) Having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer.
(b) trained and kept for running races; as, a running
horse. --Law.
2. Successive; one following the other without break or
intervention; -- said of periods of time; as, to be away
two days running; to sow land two years running.
3. Flowing; easy; cursive; as, a running hand.
4. Continuous; keeping along step by step; as, he stated the
facts with a running explanation. ``A running conquest.''
--Milton.
What are art and science if not a running commentary
on Nature? --Hare.
5. (Bot.) Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem;
as, a running vine.
6. (Med.) Discharging pus; as, a running sore.
{Running block} (Mech.), a block in an arrangement of pulleys
which rises or sinks with the weight which is raised or
lowered.
{Running board}, a narrow platform extending along the side
of a locomotive.
{Running bowsprit} (Naut.) Same as {Reefing bowsprit}.
{Running days} (Com.), the consecutive days occupied on a
voyage under a charter party, including Sundays and not
limited to the working days. --Simmonds.
{Running fire}, a constant fire of musketry or cannon.
{Running gear}, the wheels and axles of a vehicle, and their
attachments, in distinction from the body; all the working
parts of a locomotive or other machine, in distinction
from the framework.
{Running hand}, a style of rapid writing in which the letters
are usually slanted and the words formed without lifting
the pen; -- distinguished from {round hand}.
{Running part} (Naut.), that part of a rope that is hauled
upon, -- in distinction from the {standing part}.
{Running rigging} (Naut.), that part of a ship's rigging or
ropes which passes through blocks, etc.; -- in distinction
from {standing rigging}.
{Running title} (Print.), the title of a book or chapter
continued from page to page on the upper margin.
Running \Run"ning\, n.
The act of one who, or of that which runs; as, the running
was slow.
2. That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which
flows in a certain time or during a certain operation; as,
the first running of a still.
3. The discharge from an ulcer or other sore.
{At long running}, in the long run. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Runningly \Run"ning*ly\, adv.
In a running manner.
Runnion \Run"nion\, n.
See {Ronion.}
Runology \Ru*nol"o*gy\, n. [Rune + -logy.]
The science of runes. -- {Ru*nol"o*gist}, n.
Runround \Run"round`\, n.
A felon or whitlow. [Colloq. U.S.]
Runt \Runt\, n. [Written also {rant}.] [Scot. runt an old cow,
an old, withered woman, a hardened stem or stalk, the trunk
of a tree; cf. D. rund a bullock, an ox or cow, G. rind. Cf.
{Rother}, a.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any animal which is unusually small, as
compared with others of its kind; -- applied particularly
to domestic animals.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A variety of domestic pigeon, related to the
barb and carrier.
3. A dwarf; also, a mean, despicable, boorish person; -- used
opprobriously.
Before I buy a bargain of such runts, I'll buy a
college for bears, and live among 'em. --Beau. & Fl.
4. The dead stump of a tree; also, the stem of a plant. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Neither young poles nor old runts are durable.
--Holland.
Runty \Runt"y\, a.
Like a runt; diminutive; mean.
Runway \Run"way`\, n.
1. The channel of a stream.
2. The beaten path made by deer or other animals in passing
to and from their feeding grounds.
Rupee \Ru*pee"\ (r[.u]*p[=e]"), n. [Hind. r[=u]piyah, fr. Skr.
r[=u]pya silver, coined silver or gold, handsome.]
A silver coin, and money of account, in the East Indies.
Note: The valuation of the rupee of sixteen annas, the
standard coin of India, by the United States Treasury
department, varies from time to time with the price of
silver. In 1889 it was rated at about thirty-two cents.
Rupellary \Ru"pel*la*ry\, n. [From L. rupes a rock.]
Rocky. [Obs.] ``This rupellary nidary.'' --Evelyn.
Rupert's drop \Ru"pert's drop`\
A kind of glass drop with a long tail, made by dropping
melted glass into water. It is remarkable for bursting into
fragments when the surface is scratched or the tail broken;
-- so called from Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I., by
whom they were first brought to England. Called also
{Rupert's ball}, and {glass tear}.
Rupia \Ru"pi*a\, n. [NL., fr. G. ? filth, dirt.] (Med.)
An eruption upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with
inflamed base and filled with serous, purulent, or bloody
fluid, which dries up, forming a blackish crust.
Rupial \Ru"pi*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to rupia.
Rupicola \Ru*pic"o*la\, n. [NL., fr. L. rupes, gen. rupis, a
rock + colere to inhabit.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of beautiful South American passerine birds,
including the cock of the rock.
Note: The species are remarkable for having an elevated
fan-shaped crest of feathers on the head, and for the
beautiful color of their plumage, which is mostly some
delicate shade of yellow or orange.
Rupicoline \Ru*pic"o*line\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Rock-inhabiting.
Ruption \Rup"tion\, n. [L. ruptio, fr. rumpere, ruptum, to
break.]
A breaking or bursting open; breach; rupture. ``By ruption or
apertion.'' --Wiseman.
Ruptuary \Rup"tu*a*ry\ (?; 135), n. [Cf. Roturier.]
One not of noble blood; a plebeian; a roturier. [R.]
The exclusion of the French ruptuaries (``roturiers,''
for history must find a word for this class when it
speaks of other nations) from the order of nobility.
--Chenevix.
Rupture \Rup"ture\ (?; 135), n. [L. ruptura, fr. rumpere, ruptum
to break: cf. F. rupture. See {Reave}, and cf. {Rout} a
defeat.]
1. The act of breaking apart, or separating; the state of
being broken asunder; as, the rupture of the skin; the
rupture of a vessel or fiber; the rupture of a lutestring.
--Arbuthnot.
Hatch from the egg, that soon, Bursting with kindly
rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young.
--Milton.
2. Breach of peace or concord between individuals; open
hostility or war between nations; interruption of friendly
relations; as, the parties came to a rupture.
He knew that policy would disincline Napoleon from a
rupture with his family. --E. Everett.
3. (Med.) Hernia. See {Hernia}.
4. A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less sudden
manner than by explosion. See {Explosion}.
{Modulus of rupture}. (Engin.) See under {Modulus}.
Syn: Fracture; breach; break; burst; disruption; dissolution.
See {Fracture}.
Rupture \Rup"ture\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ruptured}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Rupturing}.]
1. To part by violence; to break; to burst; as, to rupture a
blood vessel.
2. To produce a hernia in.
Rupture \Rup"ture\, v. i.
To suffer a breach or disruption.
Ruptured \Rup"tured\ (?; 135), a. (Med.)
Having a rupture, or hernia.
Rupturewort \Rup"ture*wort"\ (?; 135), n. (Bot.)
(a) Same as {Burstwort}.
(b) A West Indian plant ({Alternanthera polygonoides})
somewhat resembling burstwort.
Rural \Ru"ral\, a. [F., fr. L. ruralis, fr. rus, ruris, the
country. Cf. {Room} space, {Rustic}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a
city or town; living in the country; suitable for, or
resembling, the country; rustic; as, rural scenes; a rural
prospect.
Here is a rural fellow; . . . He brings you figs.
--Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to agriculture; as, rural economy.
{Rural dean}. (Eccl.) See under {Dean}.
{Rural deanery} (Eccl.), the state, office, or residence, of
a rural dean.
Syn: Rustic.
Usage: {Rural}, {Rustic}. Rural refers to the country itself;
as, rural scenes, prospects, delights, etc. Rustic
refers to the character, condition, taste, etc., of
the original inhabitants of the country, who were
generally uncultivated and rude; as, rustic manners; a
rustic dress; a rustic bridge; rustic architecture,
etc.
We turn To where the silver Thames first rural
grows. --Thomson.
Lay bashfulness, that rustic virtue, by; To
manly confidence thy throughts apply. --Dryden.
Rurales \Ru*ra"les\ (r[.u]*r[=a]"l[=e]z), n. pl. [NL.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The gossamer-winged butterflies; a family of small
butterflies, including the hairstreaks, violets, and theclas.
Ruralism \Ru"ral*ism\, n.
1. The quality or state of being rural; ruralness.
2. A rural idiom or expression.
Ruralist \Ru"ral*ist\, n.
One who leads a rural life. --Coventry.
Rurality \Ru*ral"i*ty\, n.; pl. -{ties}. [Cf. LL. ruralitas.]
1. The quality or state of being rural.
2. A rural place. ``Leafy ruralities.'' --Carlyle.
Ruralize \Ru"ral*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ruralized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Ruralizing}.]
To render rural; to give a rural appearance to.
Ruralize \Ru"ral*ize\, v. i.
To become rural; to go into the country; to rusticate.
Rurally \Ru"ral*ly\, adv.
In a rural manner; as in the country.
Ruralness \Ru"ral*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being rural.
Ruricolist \Ru*ric"o*list\, n. [L. ruricola; rus, ruris, the
country + colere to inhabit.]
An inhabitant of the country. [R.] --Bailey.
Ruridecanal \Ru`ri*dec"a*nal\, a. [L. rus, ruris the country +
decanus the chief of ten. See {Dean}.]
Of or pertaining to a rural dean; as, a ruridecanal district;
the ruridecanal intellect. [R.]
Rurigenous \Ru*rig"e*nous\, a. [L. rurigena; rus, ruris, the
country + genere, gignere, to bring forth, pass., to be
born.]
Born in the country. [Obs.]
Ruse \Ruse\, n. [F., fr. OF. re["u]ser, rehuser, to turn aside,
to shuffle, retreat, fr. L. recusare to refuse; pref. re-
again + causa cause. See {Cause}, and cf. {Recusant}.]
An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraud; deceit.
{Ruse de guerre}[F.], a stratagem of war.
Rush \Rush\, n. [OE. rusche, rische, resche, AS. risce, akin to
LG. rusk, risch, D. & G. rusch; all probably fr. L. ruscum
butcher's broom; akin to Goth. raus reed, G. rohr.]
1. (Bot.) A name given to many aquatic or marsh-growing
endogenous plants with soft, slender stems, as the species
of {Juncus} and {Scirpus}.
Note: Some species are used in bottoming chairs and plaiting
mats, and the pith is used in some places for wicks to
lamps and rushlights.
2. The merest trifle; a straw.
John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush.
--Arbuthnot.
{Bog rush}. See under {Bog}.
{Club rush}, any rush of the genus {Scirpus}.
{Flowering rush}. See under {Flowering}.
{Nut rush}
(a) Any plant of the genus {Scleria}, rushlike plants with
hard nutlike fruits.
(b) A name for several species of {Cyperus} having
tuberous roots.
{Rush broom}, an Australian leguminous plant ({Viminaria
denudata}), having long, slender branches. Also, the
Spanish broom. See under {Spanish}.
{Rush candle}, See under {Candle}.
{Rush grass}, any grass of the genus {Vilfa}, grasses with
wiry stems and one-flowered spikelets.
{Rush toad} (Zo["o]l.), the natterjack.
{Scouring rush}. (Bot.) Same as {Dutch rush}, under {Dutch.}
{Spike rush}, any rushlike plant of the genus {Eleocharis},
in which the flowers grow in dense spikes.
{Sweet rush}, a sweet-scented grass of Arabia, etc.
({Andropogon sch[oe]nanthus}), used in Oriental medical
practice.
{Wood rush}, any plant of the genus {Luzula}, which differs
in some technical characters from {Juncus}.
Rush \Rush\ (r[u^]sh), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rushed} (r[u^]sht);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Rushing}.] [OE. ruschen; cf. AS. hryscan to
make a noise, D. ruischen to rustle, G. rauschen, MHG.
r[=u]schen to rush, to rustle, LG. rusken, OSw. ruska, Icel.
& Sw. ruska to shake, Dan. ruske to shake, and E. rouse.]
1. To move forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous
rapidity or haste; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush
down a precipice.
Like to an entered tide, they all rush by. --Shak.
2. To enter into something with undue haste and eagerness, or
without due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush
business or speculation.
They . . . never think it to be a part of religion
to rush into the office of princes and ministers.
--Sprat.
Rush \Rush\, v. t.
1. To push or urge forward with impetuosity or violence; to
hurry forward.
2. To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an
error. [College Cant, U.S.]
Rush \Rush\, n.
1. A moving forward with rapidity and force or eagerness; a
violent motion or course; as, a rush of troops; a rush of
winds; a rush of water.
A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and,
with a violent rush, severed him from the duke.
--Sir H.
Wotton.
2. Great activity with pressure; as, a rush of business.
[Colloq.]
3. A perfect recitation. [College Cant, U.S.]
4. (Football)
(a) A rusher; as, the center rush, whose place is in the
center of the rush line; the end rush.
(b) The act of running with the ball.
{Bunt rush} (Football), a combined rush by main strength.
{Rush line} (Football), the line composed of rushers.
Rush-bearing \Rush"-bear`ing\, n.
A kind of rural festival at the dedication of a church, when
the parishioners brought rushes to strew the church. [Eng.]
--Nares.
Rushbuckler \Rush"buc`kler\, n.
A bullying and violent person; a braggart; a swashbuckler.
[Obs.]
That flock of stout, bragging rushbucklers. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
Rushed \Rushed\, a.
Abounding or covered with rushes.
Rusher \Rush"er\, n.
One who rushes. --Whitlock.
Rusher \Rush"er\, n.
One who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. [Obs.] --B.
Jonson.
Rushiness \Rush"i*ness\, n. [From {Rushy}.]
The quality or state of abounding with rushes.
Rushingly \Rush"ing*ly\, adv.
In a rushing manner.
Rushlight \Rush"light`\, n.
A rush candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble light.
Rushlike \Rush"like`\, a.
Resembling a rush; weak.
Rushy \Rush"y\, a.
1. Abounding with rushes.
2. Made of rushes.
My rushy couch and frugal fare. --Goldsmith.
Rusine \Ru"sine\, a. [NL. rusa, the name of the genus, Malay
r[=u]sa deer.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus {Rusa}, which
includes the sambur deer ({Rusa Aristotelis}) of India.
{Rusine antler} (Zo["o]l.), an antler with the brow tyne
simple, and the beam forked at the tip.
Rusk \Rusk\, n. [Sp. rosca de mar sea rusks, a kind of biscuit,
rosca properly meaning, a screw, spiral.]
1. A kind of light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs,
often toasted or crisped in an oven; or, a kind of
sweetened biscuit.
2. A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores.
--Smart.
3. Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and
afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar.
Rusma \Rus"ma\, n. [Corrupt. from Turk. khyryzma a paste used as
a depilatory, fr. Gr. ? an unguent; cf. F. rusma.]
A depilatory made of orpiment and quicklime, and used by the
Turks. See {Rhusma}.
Russ \Russ\, n. sing. & pl.
1. A Russian, or the Russians. [Rare, except in poetry.]
2. The language of the Russians.
Russ \Russ\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Russians.
Russet \Rus"set\, a. [F. rousset, dim. of roux red, L. russus
(for rudtus, rudhtus), akin to E. red. See {Red}, and cf.
{Roussette}.]
1. Of a reddish brown color, or (by some called) a red gray;
of the color composed of blue, red, and yellow in equal
strength, but unequal proportions, namely, two parts of
red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of a yellowish
brown color.
The morn, in russet mantle clad. --Shak.
Our summer such a russet livery wears. --Dryden.
2. Coarse; homespun; rustic. [R.] --Shak.
Russet \Rus"set\, n.
1. A russet color; a pigment of a russet color.
2. Cloth or clothing of a russet color.
3. A country dress; -- so called because often of a russet
color. --Dryden.
4. An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as, the {English
russet}, and the {Roxbury russet}.
Russeting \Rus"set*ing\, n.
See {Russet}, n., 2 and 4.
Russety \Rus"set*y\, a.
Of a russet color; russet.
Russia \Rus"sia\, n.
A country of Europe and Asia.
{Russia iron}, a kind of sheet iron made in Russia, having a
lustrous blue-black surface.
{Russia leather}, a soft kind of leather, made originally in
Russia but now elsewhere, having a peculiar odor from
being impregnated with an oil obtained from birch bark. It
is much used in bookbinding, on account of its not being
subject to mold, and being proof against insects.
{Russia matting}, matting manufactured in Russia from the
inner bark of the linden ({Tilia Europ[ae]a}).
Russian \Rus"sian\ (? or ?; 277), a.
Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language. --
n. A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia.
{Russian bath}. See under {Bath}.
Russianize \Rus"sian*ize\, v. t.
To make Russian, or more or less like the Russians; as, to
Russianize the Poles.
Russification \Rus"si*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Russia + L. -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
The act or process of Russifying, or the state of being
Russified.
Russify \Rus"si*fy\, v. t. [Cf. F. russifier. See {-fy}.]
To Russianize; as, to Russify conquered tribes.
Russophile \Rus"so*phile\, Russophilist \Rus*soph"i*list\, n.
[Russia + Gr. filei^n to love: cf. F. russophile.]
One who, not being a Russian, favors Russian policy and
aggrandizement. -- {Rus*soph"ilism}, n. [Chiefly newspaper
words.]
Russophobe \Rus"so*phobe\, Russophobist \Rus*soph"o*bist\,
[Russia + Gr. fobei^n to fear.]
One who dreads Russia or Russian influence. [Words sometimes
found in the newspapers.]
Russophobia \Rus`so*pho"bi*a\, n.
Morbid dread of Russia or of Russian influence.
Rust \Rust\, n. [AS. rust; akin to D. roest, G. & Sw. rost,
Icel. ry[eth]; -- named from its color, and akin to E. red.
[root]113. See {Red}.]
1. (Chem.) The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when
exposed to moist air, consisting of ferric oxide or
hydroxide; hence, by extension, any metallic film of
corrosion.
2. (Bot.) A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty
spots on the leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses
({Trichobasis Rubigo-vera}), now usually believed to be a
form or condition of the corn mildew ({Puccinia
graminis}). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores; as
corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish.
Note: Rust is also applied to many other minute fungi which
infest vegetation, such as the species of {Ustilago},
{Uredo}, and {Lecythea}.
3. That which resembles rust in appearance or effects.
Specifically: (a) A composition used in making a rust
joint. See {Rust joint}, below.
(b) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as, rust on
salted meat.
(c) Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence.
Sacred truths cleared from all rust and dross of
human mixtures. --Eikon
Basilike.
Note: Rust is used in the formation of compounds of obvious
meaning; as, rust-colored, rust-consumed, rust-eaten,
and the like.
{Rust joint}, a joint made between surfaces of iron by
filling the space between them with a wet mixture of
cast-iron borings, sal ammoniac, and sulphur, which by
oxidation becomes hard, and impervious to steam, water,
etc.
{Rust mite} (Zo["o]l.), a minute mite ({Phytopius oleivorus})
which, by puncturing the rind, causes the rust-colored
patches on oranges.
Rust \Rust\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rusted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rusting}.] [AS. rustian.]
1. To contract rust; to be or become oxidized.
If gold ruste, what shall iron do? --Chaucer.
Our armors now may rust. --Dryden.
2. To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust;
also, to acquire a rusty appearance. as plants.
3. Fig.: To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or
impaired by inaction.
Must I rust in Egypt? never more Appear in arms, and
be the chief of Greece? --Dryden.
Rust \Rust\, v. t.
1. To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect
with rust of any kind.
Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust
them. --Shak.
2. Fig.: To impair by time and inactivity. --Johnson.
Rustful \Rust"ful\, a.
Full of rust; resembling rust; causing rust; rusty. ``Rustful
sloth.'' --Quarles.
Rustic \Rus"tic\, a. [L. rusticus, fr. rus, ruris, the country:
cf. F. rustique. See {Rural}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as, the rustic
gods of antiquity. ``Rustic lays.'' --Milton.
And many a holy text around she strews, That teach
the rustic moralist to die. --Gray.
She had a rustic, woodland air. --Wordsworth.
2. Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as, rustic manners. ``A
rustic muse.'' --Spenser.
3. Coarse; plain; simple; as, a rustic entertainment; rustic
dress.
4. Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected. --Pope.
{Rustic moth} (Zo["o]l.), any moth belonging to {Agrotis} and
allied genera. Their larv[ae] are called cutworms. See
{Cutworm}.
{Rustic work}.
(a) (Arch.) Cut stone facing which has the joints worked
with grooves or channels, the face of each block
projecting beyond the joint, so that the joints are
very conspicuous.
(b) (Arch. & Woodwork) Summer houses, or furniture for
summer houses, etc., made of rough limbs of trees
fancifully arranged.
Syn: Rural; rude; unpolished; inelegant; untaught; awkward;
rough; coarse; plain; unadorned; simple; artless;
honest. See {Rural}.
Rustic \Rus"tic\, n.
1. An inhabitant of the country, especially one who is rude,
coarse, or dull; a clown.
Hence to your fields, you rustics! hence, away.
--Pope.
2. A rural person having a natural simplicity of character or
manners; an artless, unaffected person. [Poetic]
Rustical \Rus`tic*al\, a.
Rustic. ``Rustical society.'' --Thackeray. --
{Rus"tic*al*ly}, adv. -- {Rus"tic*al*ness}, n.
Rusticate \Rus"ti*cate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rusticated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Rusticating}.] [L. rusticaticus, p. p. of
rusticari to rusticate. See {Rustic}.]
To go into or reside in the country; to ruralize. --Pope.
Rusticate \Rus"ti*cate\, v. t.
To require or compel to reside in the country; to banish or
send away temporarily; to impose rustication on.
The town is again beginning to be full, and the
rusticated beauty sees an end of her banishment.
--Idler.
Rusticated \Rus"ti*ca`ted\, a. (Arch.)
Resembling rustic work. See {Rustic work}
(a), under {Rustic}.
Rustication \Rus`ti*ca"tion\, n. [L. rusticatio.]
1. The act of rusticating, or the state of being rusticated;
specifically, the punishment of a student for some
offense, by compelling him to leave the institution for a
time.
2. (Arch.) Rustic work.
Rusticity \Rus*tic"ity\, n. [L. rusticitas: cf. F.
rusticit['e].]
The quality or state of being rustic; rustic manners;
rudeness; simplicity; artlessness.
The sweetness and rusticity of a pastoral can not be so
well expressed in any other tongue as in the Greek,
when rightly mixed and qualified with the Doric
dialect. --Addison.
The Saxons were refined from their rusticity. --Sir W.
Scott.
Rusticly \Rus"tic*ly\, adv.
In a rustic manner; rustically. --Chapman.
Rustily \Rust"i*ly\, adv.
In a rusty state.
Rustiness \Rust"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being rusty.
Rustle \Rus"tle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rustled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rustling}.] [AS. hristlan to rustle; or cf. Sw. rusta to
stir, make a riot, or E. rush, v.]
1. To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the
rubbing or moving of silk cloth or dry leaves.
He is coming; I hear his straw rustle. --Shak.
Prouder than rustling in unpaid-for silk. --Shak.
2. To stir about energetically; to strive to succeed; to
bustle about. [Slang, Western U.S.]
Rustle \Rus"tle\, v. t.
To cause to rustle; as, the wind rustles the leaves.
Rustle \Rus"tle\, n.
A quick succession or confusion of small sounds, like those
made by shaking leaves or straw, by rubbing silk, or the
like; a rustling.
When the noise of a torrent, the rustle of a wood, the
song of birds, or the play of lambs, had power to fill
the attention, and suspend all perception of the course
of time. --Idler.
Rustler \Rus"tler\, n.
1. One who, or that which, rustles.
2. A bovine animal that can care for itself in any
circumstances; also, an alert, energetic, driving person.
[Slang, Western U.S.]
Rustless \Rust"less\, a.
Free from rust.
Rusty \Rust"y\, a. [AS. rustig.] [Compar. {Rustier}; superl.
{Rustiest.}]
1. Covered or affected with rust; as, a rusty knife or sword;
rusty wheat.
2. Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect.
[Hector,] in this dull and long-continued truce, Is rusty
grown. --Shak.
3. Discolored and rancid; reasty; as, rusty bacon.
4. Surly; morose; crusty; sullen. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
``Rusty words.'' --Piers Plowman.
5. Rust-colored; dark. ``Rusty blood.'' --Spenser.
6. Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept; filthy.
The rusty little schooners that bring firewood from
the British provinces. --Hawthorne.
7. (Bot.) Resembling, or covered with a substance resembling,
rust; affected with rust; rubiginous.
Rut \Rut\, n. [F. rut, OF. ruit, L. rugitus a roaring, fr.
rugire to roar; -- so called from the noise made by deer in
rutting time.]
1. (Physiol.) Sexual desire or [oe]strus of deer, cattle, and
various other mammals; heat; also, the period during which
the [oe]strus exists.
2. Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See
{Rote}.
Rut \Rut\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Rutted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Rutting}.]
To have a strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period;
-- said of deer, cattle, etc.
Rut \Rut\, v. t.
To cover in copulation. --Dryden.
Rut \Rut\, n. [variant of route.]
A track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything; a
groove in which anything runs. Also used figuratively.
Rutter \Rut"ter\ (r[u^]t"t[~e]r), n. [D. ruiter a rider. Cf.
{Ruttier}.]
A horseman or trooper. [Obs.]
Such a regiment of rutters Never defied men braver.
--Beau. & Fl.
Rutter \Rut"ter\, n. [From {Rut}.]
That which ruts.
Rutterkin \Rut"ter*kin\, n.
An old crafty fox or beguiler -- a word of contempt. [Obs.]
--Cotgrave.
Ruttier \Rut"ti*er\, n. [F. routier, fr. route a road. See
{Route}.]
A chart of a course, esp. at sea. [Obs.]
Ruttish \Rut"tish\, a.
Inclined to rut; lustful; libidinous; salacious. --Shak. --
{Rut"tish*ness}, n.
Ruttle \Rut"tle\, n.
A rattling sound in the throat arising from difficulty of
breathing; a rattle. [Obs.]
Rutty \Rut"ty\, a.
Ruttish; lustful.
Rutty \Rut"ty\, a.
Full of ruts; as, a rutty road.
Rutty \Rut"ty\, a. [See {Root}.]
Rooty. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Rutylene \Ru"ty*lene\, n. (Chem.)
A liquid hydrocarbon, {C10H18}, of the acetylene series. It
is produced artificially.
Ryal \Ry"al\ (? or ?), a.
Royal. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ryal \Ry"al\, n.
See {Rial}, an old English coin.
Ryder \Ry"der\, n.
1. A clause added to a document; a rider. See {Rider}. [Obs.]
2. [D. rijder, properly, a rider.] A gold coin of Zealand
[Netherlands] equal to 14 florins, about $ 5.60.
Rye \Rye\, n. [OE. rie, reie, AS. ryge; akin to Icel. rugr, Sw.
r[*a]g, Dan. rug, D. rogge, OHG. rocco, roggo, G. rocken,
roggen, Lith. rugei, Russ. roje, and perh. to Gr. 'o`ryza
rice. Cf. {Rice}.]
1. (Bot.) A grain yielded by a hardy cereal grass ({Secale
cereale}), closely allied to wheat; also, the plant
itself. Rye constitutes a large portion of the breadstuff
used by man.
2. A disease in a hawk. --Ainsworth.
{Rye grass}, {Italian rye grass}, (Bot.) See under {Grass}.
See also {Ray grass}, and {Darnel}.
{Wild rye} (Bot.), any plant of the genus {Elymus}, tall
grasses with much the appearance of rye.
Rynd \Rynd\ (? or ?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A piece of iron crossing the hole in the upper millstone by
which the stone is supported on the spindle.
Ryot \Ry"ot\ (r[imac]"[o^]t), n. [Ar. & Hind. ra'iyat, the same
word as ra'iyah, a subject, tenant, peasant. See {Rayah}.]
A peasant or cultivator of the soil. [India]
The Indian ryot and the Egyptian fellah work for less
pay than any other laborers in the world. --The Nation.
Rypophagous \Ry*poph"a*gous\ (r[-i]*p[o^]f"[.a]*g[u^]s), a. [Gr.
"ry`pos filth + fagei^n to eat.] (Zo["o]l.)
Eating, or subsisting on, filth.
Rys \Rys\ (r[imac]s or r[i^]s), n.
A branch. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rysh \Rysh\ (r[i^]sh), n.
Rush, a plant. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Rysimeter \Ry*sim"e*ter\, n.
See {Rhysimeter}.
Ryth \Ryth\ (r[i^]th), n. [Cf. AS. ri[eth] brook.]
A ford. [Obs.]
Rytina \Ryt"i*na\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ryti`s a wrinkle.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong
and manatee, including but one species ({R. Stelleri}); --
called also {Steller's sea cow}. [Written also {Rhytina}.]
Note: It is now extinct, but was formerly abundant at
Behring's Island, near Behring's Straits. It was
twenty-five feet or more in length, with a thick,
blackish, naked skin. The last were killed in 1768 for
their oil and flesh.