S \S\ ([e^]s),
the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a
consonant, and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its
hissing sound. It has two principal sounds; one a mere
hissing, as in sack, this; the other a vocal hissing (the
same as that of z), as in is, wise. Besides these it
sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure, measure.
It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words,
but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is
determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle,
d['e]bris. With the letter h it forms the digraph sh. See
Guide to pronunciation, [sect][sect] 255-261.
Note: Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived
from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek
from the Ph[ae]nician. The ultimate origin is Egyptian.
S is etymologically most nearly related to c, z, t, and
r; as, in ice, OE. is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E. rase,
raze; erase, razor; that, G. das; E. reason, F. raison,
L. ratio; E. was, were; chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and
R.).
-s \-s\
1. [OE. es, AS. as.] The suffix used to form the plural of
most words; as in roads, elfs, sides, accounts.
2. [OE. -s, for older -th, AS. -[eth].] The suffix used to
form the third person singular indicative of English
verbs; as in falls, tells, sends.
3. An adverbial suffix; as in towards, needs, always, --
originally the genitive, possesive, ending. See {-'s}.
-'s \-'s\ [OE. -es, AS. -es.] The suffix used to form the
possessive singular of nouns; as, boy's; man's. 's \'s\
A contraction for is or (colloquially) for has. ``My heart's
subdued.'' --Shak.
Saadh \Sa"adh\ (s[aum]"[.a]d), n.
See {Sadh}.
Saan \Saan\ (s[aum]n), n. pl. (Ethnol.)
Same as {Bushmen}.
Sabadilla \Sab`a*dil"la\ (s[a^]b`[.a]*d[i^]l"l[.a]), n. [Sp.
cebadilla.] (Bot.)
A Mexican liliaceous plant ({Sch[oe]nocaulon officinale});
also, its seeds, which contain the alkaloid veratrine. It was
formerly used in medicine as an emetic and purgative.
Sabaean \Sa*b[ae]"an\, a. & n.
Same as {Sabian}.
Sabaeanism \Sa*b[ae]"an*ism\, n.
Same as {Sabianism}.
Sabaeism \Sa"b[ae]*ism\, Sabaism \Sa"ba*ism\, n.
See {Sabianism}.
Sabal \Sa"bal\, n. (Bot.)
A genus of palm trees including the palmetto of the Southern
United States.
Sabaoth \Sab"a*oth\ (s[a^]b"[asl]*[o^]th or s[.a]"b[=a]*[o^]th;
277), n. pl. [Heb. tseb[=a]'[=o]th, pl. of ts[=a]b[=a]', an
army or host, fr. ts[=a]b[=a]', to go forth to war.]
1. Armies; hosts.
Note: [Used twice in the English Bible, in the phrase ``The
Lord of Sabaoth.'']
2. Incorrectly, the Sabbath.
Sabbat \Sab"bat\, n. [See {Sabbath}.]
In medi[ae]val demonology, the nocturnal assembly in which
demons and sorcerers were thought to celebrate their orgies.
Sabbatarian \Sab`ba*ta"ri*an\, n. [L. Sabbatarius: cf. F.
sabbataire. See {Sabbath}.]
1. One who regards and keeps the seventh day of the week as
holy, agreeably to the letter of the fourth commandment in
the Decalogue.
Note: There were Christians in the early church who held this
opinion, and certain Christians, esp. the {Seventh-day
Baptists}, hold it now.
2. A strict observer of the Sabbath.
Sabbatarian \Sab`ba*ta"ri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Sabbath, or the tenets of
Sabbatarians.
Sabbatarianism \Sab`ba*ta"ri*an*ism\, n.
The tenets of Sabbatarians. --Bp. Ward (1673).
Sabbath \Sab"bath\, n. [OE. sabat, sabbat, F. sabbat, L.
sabbatum, Gr. sa`bbaton, fr. Heb. shabb[=a]th, fr. sh[=a]bath
to rest from labor. Cf. {Sabbat}.]
1. A season or day of rest; one day in seven appointed for
rest or worship, the observance of which was enjoined upon
the Jews in the Decalogue, and has been continued by the
Christian church with a transference of the day observed
from the last to the first day of the week, which is
called also {Lord's Day}.
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. --Ex. xx.
8.
2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites as one of
rest and festival. --Lev. xxv. 4.
3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of pain,
effort, sorrow, or the like.
Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb. --Pope.
{Sabbath breaker}, one who violates the law of the Sabbath.
{Sabbath breaking}, the violation of the law of the Sabbath.
{Sabbath-day's journey}, a distance of about a mile, which,
under Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on
the Sabbath.
Syn: {Sabbath}, {Sunday}.
Usage: Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with Sunday.
Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the name of
the first day of the week. The Sabbath of the Jews is
on Saturday, and the Sabbath of most Christians on
Sunday. In New England, the first day of the week has
been called ``the Sabbath,'' to mark it as holy time;
Sunday is the word more commonly used, at present, in
all parts of the United States, as it is in England.
``So if we will be the children of our heavenly
Father, we must be careful to keep the Christian
Sabbath day, which is the Sunday.'' --Homilies.
Sabbathless \Sab"bath*less\, a.
Without Sabbath, or intermission of labor; hence, without
respite or rest. --Bacon.
Sabbatic \Sab*bat"ic\, Sabbatical \Sab*bat"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?:
cf. F. sabbatique.]
Of or pertaining to the Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath;
enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor.
{Sabbatical year} (Jewish Antiq.), every seventh year, in
which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields
and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage.
Sabbatism \Sab"ba*tism\, n. [L. sabbatismus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to
keep the Sabbath: cf. F. sabbatisme. See {Sabbath}.]
Intermission of labor, as upon the Sabbath; rest. --Dr. H.
More.
Sabbaton \Sab"ba*ton\, n. [Cf. Sp. zapaton, a large shoe, F.
sabot a wooden shoe.]
A round-toed, armed covering for the feet, worn during a part
of the sixteenth century in both military and civil dress.
Sabean \Sa*be"an\, a. & n.
Same as {Sabian}.
Sabeism \Sa"be*ism\, n.
Same as {Sabianism}.
Sabella \Sa*bel"la\, n. [NL., fr. L. sabulum gravel.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of tubicolous annelids having a circle of plumose
gills around the head.
Sabellian \Sa*bel"li*an\, a.
Pertaining to the doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See
{Sabellian}, n.
Sabellian \Sa*bel"li*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Sabellius, a presbyter of Ptolemais in the
third century, who maintained that there is but one person in
the Godhead, and that the Son and Holy Spirit are only
different powers, operations, or offices of the one God the
Father.
Sabellianism \Sa*bel"li*an*ism\, n. (Eccl.)
The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See {Sabellian}, n.
Sabelloid \Sa*bel"loid\, a. [Sabella + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like, or related to, the genus Sabella. -- {Sa*bel"loid}, n.
Saber \Sa"ber\, Sabre \Sa"bre\, n. [F. sabre, G. s["a]bel; of
uncertain origin; cf. Hung. sz['a]blya, Pol. szabla, Russ.
sabla, and L. Gr. zabo`s crooked, curved.]
A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and
usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword.
{Saber fish}, or {Sabre fish} (Zo["o]l.), the cutlass fish.
Saber \Sa"ber\, Sabre \Sa"bre\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sabered}or
{Sabred}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Sabering} or {Sabring}.] [Cf. F.
sabrer.]
To strike, cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a
saber.
You send troops to saber and bayonet us into
submission. --Burke.
Saberbill \Sa"ber*bill`\, Sabrebill \Sa"bre*bill`\, n.
(Zo["o]l.)
The curlew.
Sabian \Sa"bi*an\, a. [L. Sabaeus.] [Written also {Sabean}, and
{Sab[ae]an}.]
1. Of or pertaining to Saba in Arabia, celebrated for
producing aromatic plants.
2. Relating to the religion of Saba, or to the worship of the
heavenly bodies.
Sabian \Sa"bi*an\, n.
An adherent of the Sabian religion; a worshiper of the
heavenly bodies. [Written also {Sab[ae]an}, and {Sabean}.]
Sabianism \Sa"bi*an*ism\, n.
The doctrine of the Sabians; the Sabian religion; that
species of idolatry which consists in worshiping the sun,
moon, and stars; heliolatry. [Written also {Sab[ae]anism}.]
Sabicu \Sab"i*cu\, n.
The very hard wood of a leguminous West Indian tree
({Lysiloma Sabicu}), valued for shipbuilding.
Sabine \Sa"bine\, a. [L. Sabinus.]
Of or pertaining to the ancient Sabines, a people of Italy.
-- n. One of the Sabine people.
Sabine \Sab"ine\, n. [F., fr. L. Sabina herba, fr. Sabini the
Sabines. Cf. {Savin}.] (Bot.)
See {Savin}.
Sable \Sa"ble\, n. [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4),
LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel,
sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. s['o]bole.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family
({Mustela zibellina}) native of the northern latitudes of
Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft,
and valuable fur.
Note: The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer head
and ears. Its fur consists of a soft under wool, with a
dense coat of hair, overtopped by another still longer.
It varies greatly in color and quality according to the
locality and the season of the year. The darkest and
most valuable furs are taken in autumn and winter in
the colder parts of Siberia, Russia, and British North
America.
Note: The American sable, or marten, was formerly considered
a distinct species ({Mustela Americana}), but it
differs very little from the Asiatic sable, and is now
considered only a geographical variety.
2. The fur of the sable.
3. A mourning garment; a funeral robe; -- generally in the
plural. ``Sables wove by destiny.'' --Young.
4. (Her.) The tincture black; -- represented by vertical and
horizontal lines crossing each other.
Sable \Sa"ble\, a.
Of the color of the sable's fur; dark; black; -- used chiefly
in poetry.
Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless
majesty, now stretches forth Her leaden scepter o'er a
slumbering world. --Young.
{Sable antelope} (Zo["o]l.), a large South African antelope
({Hippotragus niger}). Both sexes have long, sharp horns.
The adult male is black; the female is dark chestnut
above, white beneath.
{Sable iron}, a superior quality of Russia iron; -- so called
because originally stamped with the figure of a sable.
{Sable mouse} (Zo["o]l.), the lemming.
Sable \Sa"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sabled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sabling}.]
To render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black.
Sabled all in black the shady sky. --G. Fletcher.
Sabot \Sa`bot"\ (s[.a]`b[=o]"), n. [F.]
1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in France,
Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries.
2. (Mil.) A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the
cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in fixed
ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal
attached to a projectile to take the groove of the
rifling.
Sabotiere \Sa`bo"ti[`e]re\, n. [F.]
A kind of freezer for ices.
Sabre \Sa"bre\, n. & v.
See {Saber}.
Sabretasche \Sa"bre*tasche`\, n. [F. sabretache, G.
s["a]beltasche; s["a]bel saber + tasche a pocket.] (Mil.)
A leather case or pocket worn by cavalry at the left side,
suspended from the sword belt. --Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci.).
Sabrina work \Sa*bri"na work`\
A variety of appliqu['e] work for quilts, table covers, etc.
--Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework).
Sabulose \Sab"u*lose\, a. [L. sabulosus, from sabulum, sabulo,
sand.] (Bot.)
Growing in sandy places.
Sabulosity \Sab`u*los"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being sabulous; sandiness; grittiness.
Sabulous \Sab"u*lous\, a. [L. sabulosus.]
Sandy; gritty.
Sac \Sac\ (s[add]k), n. (Ethnol.)
See {Sacs}.
Sac \Sac\, n. [See {Sake}, {Soc}.] (O.Eng. Law)
The privilege formerly enjoyed by the lord of a manor, of
holding courts, trying causes, and imposing fines. --Cowell.
Sac \Sac\ (s[a^]k), n. [F., fr. L. saccus a sack. See {Sack} a
bag.]
1. See 2d {Sack}.
2. (Biol.) A cavity, bag, or receptacle, usually containing
fluid, and either closed, or opening into another cavity
to the exterior; a sack.
Sacalait \Sac"a*lait\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of fresh-water bass; the crappie. [Southern U.S.]
Sacar \Sa"car\, n.
See {Saker}.
Saccade \Sac*cade"\, n. [F.] (Man.)
A sudden, violent check of a horse by drawing or twitching
the reins on a sudden and with one pull.
Saccate \Sac"cate\, a. [NL. saccatus, fr. L. saccus a sack,
bag.]
1. (Biol.) Having the form of a sack or pouch; furnished with
a sack or pouch, as a petal.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Of or pertaining to the {Saccata}, a suborder
of ctenophores having two pouches into which the long
tentacles can be retracted.
Saccharate \Sac"cha*rate\, n. (Chem.)
(a) A salt of saccharic acid.
(b) In a wider sense, a compound of saccharose, or any
similar carbohydrate, with such bases as the oxides of
calcium, barium, or lead; a sucrate.
Saccharic \Sac*char"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, saccharine substances;
specifically, designating an acid obtained, as a white
amorphous gummy mass, by the oxidation of mannite, glucose,
sucrose, etc.
Sacchariferous \Sac`cha*rif"er*ous\, a. [L. saccharon sugar +
-ferous.]
Producing sugar; as, sacchariferous canes.
Saccharify \Sac*char"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Saccharified};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Saccharifying}.] [L. saccharon sugar + -fy:
cf. F. saccharifier.]
To convert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.
Saccharilla \Sac`cha*ril"la\, n.
A kind of muslin.
Saccharimeter \Sac`cha*rim"e*ter\, n. [L. saccharon sugar +
-meter: cf. F. saccharim[`e]tre.]
An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of saccharine
matter in any solution, as the juice of a plant, or brewers'
and distillers' worts. [Written also {saccharometer}.]
Note: The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer
adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of
saccharine matter in a solution of any specific
gravity. The polarizing saccharimeter of the chemist is
a complex optical apparatus, in which polarized light
is transmitted through the saccharine solution, and the
proportion of sugar indicated by the relative deviation
of the plane of polarization.
Saccharimetrical \Sac`cha*ri*met"ric*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to saccharimetry; obtained by saccharimetry.
Saccharimetry \Sac`cha*rim"e*try\
(s[a^]k`k[.a]*r[i^]m"[-e]*tr[y^]), n.
The act, process or method of determining the amount and kind
of sugar present in sirup, molasses, and the like, especially
by the employment of polarizing apparatus.
Saccharin \Sac"cha*rin\ (s[a^]k"k[.a]*r[i^]n), n. [F., from L.
saccharon sugar.] (Chem.)
A bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the
saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic
acid; -- so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric
with cane sugar (saccharose).
Saccharinate \Sac"cha*ri*nate\, n. (Chem.)
(a) A salt of saccharinic acid.
(b) A salt of saccharine.
Saccharine \Sac"cha*rine\ (? or ?), a. [F. saccharin, fr. L.
saccharon sugar, Gr. ?, ?, ?, Skr. [,c]arkara. Cf. {Sugar}.]
Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar;
producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine taste; saccharine
matter.
Saccharine \Sac"cha*rine\ (? or ?), n. (Chem.)
A trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also
{saccharin}.]
Saccharinic \Sac"cha*rin"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharin; specifically,
designating a complex acid not known in the free state but
well known in its salts, which are obtained by boiling
dextrose and levulose (invert sugar) with milk of lime.
Saccharize \Sac"cha*rize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Saccharized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Saccharizing}.]
To convert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.
Saccharoid \Sac"cha*roid\, Saccharoidal \Sac`cha*roid"al\, a.
[L. saccharon sugar + -oid: cf. F. saccharo["i]de.]
Resembling sugar, as in taste, appearance, consistency, or
composition; as, saccharoidal limestone.
Saccharometer \Sac`cha*rom"e*ter\, n.
A saccharimeter.
Saccharomyces \Sac`cha*ro*my"ces\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? sugar + ?,
?, a fungus.] (Biol.)
A genus of budding fungi, the various species of which have
the power, to a greater or less extent, or splitting up sugar
into alcohol and carbonic acid. They are the active agents in
producing fermentation of wine, beer, etc. {Saccharomyces
cerevisi[ae]} is the yeast of sedimentary beer. Also called
{Torula}.
Saccharomycetes \Sac`cha*ro*my*ce"tes\, n. pl. (Biol.)
A family of fungi consisting of the one genus Saccharomyces.
Saccharonate \Sac"cha*ro*nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of saccharonic acid.
Saccharone \Sac"cha*rone\, n. [Saccharin + lactone.] (Chem.)
(a) A white crystalline substance, {C6H8O6}, obtained by the
oxidation of saccharin, and regarded as the lactone of
saccharonic acid.
(b) An oily liquid, {C6H10O2}, obtained by the reduction of
saccharin.
Saccharonic \Sac`cha*ron"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharone; specifically,
designating an unstable acid which is obtained from
saccharone
(a) by hydration, and forms a well-known series of salts.
Saccharose \Sac"cha*rose`\, n. (Chem.)
Cane sugar; sucrose; also, in general, any one of the group
of which saccharose, or sucrose proper, is the type. See
{Sucrose}.
Saccharous \Sac"cha*rous\, a.
Saccharine.
Saccharum \Sac"cha*rum\, n. [NL. See {Saccharine}.] (Bot.)
A genus of tall tropical grasses including the sugar cane.
Saccholactate \Sac`cho*lac"tate\, n. [See {Saccholactic}.]
(Chem.)
A salt of saccholactic acid; -- formerly called also
{saccholate}. [Obs.] See {Mucate}.
Saccholactic \Sac`cho*lac"tic\, a. [L. saccharon sugar + lac,
lactis, milk.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called mucic
acid; saccholic. [Obs.]
Saccholic \Sac*chol"ic\, a.
Saccholactic. [Obs.]
Sacchulmate \Sac*chul"mate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sacchulmic acid.
Sacchulmic \Sac*chul"mic\, a. [Saccharine + ulmic.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a dark
amorphous substance by the long-continued boiling of sucrose
with very dilute sulphuric acid. It resembles humic acid.
[Written also {sacculmic}.]
Sacchulmin \Sac*chul"min\, n. (Chem.)
An amorphous huminlike substance resembling sacchulmic acid,
and produced together with it.
Sacciferous \Sac*cif"er*ous\, a. [L. saccus a sack + -ferous.]
(Biol.)
Bearing a sac.
Sacciform \Sac"ci*form\, a. [L. saccus a sack + -form.] (Biol.)
Having the general form of a sac.
Saccoglossa \Sac`co*glos"sa\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. saccus a sack
+ Gr. ? a tongue.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Pellibranchiata}.
Saccular \Sac"cu*lar\, a.
Like a sac; sacciform.
Sacculated \Sac"cu*la`ted\, a.
Furnished with little sacs.
Saccule \Sac"cule\, n. [L. sacculus, dim. of saccus sack.]
A little sac; specifically, the sacculus of the ear.
Sacculo-cochlear \Sac`cu*lo-coch"le*ar\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the sacculus and cochlea of the ear.
Sacculo-utricular \Sac`cu*lo-u*tric"u*lar\, a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the sacculus and utriculus of the ear.
Sacculus \Sac"cu*lus\, n.; pl. {Sacculi}. [L., little sack.]
(Anat.)
A little sac; esp., a part of the membranous labyrinth of the
ear. See the Note under {Ear}.
Saccus \Sac"cus\, n.; pl. {Sacci}. [L., a sack.] (Biol.)
A sac.
Sacellum \Sa*cel"lum\, n.; pl. {Sacella}. [L., dim. of sacrum a
sacred place.]
(a) (Rom. Antiq.) An unroofed space consecrated to a
divinity.
(b) (Eccl.) A small monumental chapel in a church. --Shipley.
Sacerdotal \Sac`er*do"tal\, a. [L. sacerdotalis, fr. sacerdos,
-otis, a priest, fr. sacer holy, sacred: cf. F. sacerdotal.]
Of or pertaining to priests, or to the order of priests;
relating to the priesthood; priesty; as, sacerdotal dignity;
sacerdotal functions.
The ascendency of the sacerdotal order was long the
ascendency which naturally and properly belongs to
intellectual superiority. --Macaulay.
Sacerdotalism \Sac`er*do"tal*ism\, m.
The system, style, spirit, or character, of a priesthood, or
sacerdotal order; devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal
order.
Sacerdotally \Sac`er*do"tal*ly\, adv.
In a sacerdotal manner.
Sachel \Sach"el\ (s[a^]ch"[e^]l), n.
A small bag. See {Satchel}.
Sachem \Sa"chem\ (s[acr"]chem), n.
A chief of a tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore. See
{Sagamore}.
Sachemdom \Sa"chem*dom\ (-d[u^]m), n.
The government or jurisdiction of a sachem. --Dr. T. Dwight.
Sachemship \Sa"chem*ship\, n.
Office or condition of a sachem.
Sachet \Sa`chet"\, n. [F., dim. of sac. See {Sac}.]
A scent bag, or perfume cushion, to be laid among
handkerchiefs, garments, etc., to perfume them.
Saciety \Sa*ci"e*ty\, n.
Satiety. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Sack \Sack\ (s[scr]k), n. [OE. seck, F. sec dry (cf. Sp. seco,
It. secco), from L. siccus dry, harsh; perhaps akin to Gr.
'ischno`s, Skr. sikata sand, Ir. sesc dry, W. hysp. Cf.
{Desiccate}.]
A name formerly given to various dry Spanish wines. ``Sherris
sack.'' --Shak.
{Sack posset}, a posset made of sack, and some other
ingredients.
Sack \Sack\, n. [OE. sak, sek, AS. sacc, s[ae]cc, L. saccus, Gr.
sa`kkos from Heb. sak; cf. F. sac, from the Latin. Cf. {Sac},
{Satchel}, {Sack} to plunder.]
1. A bag for holding and carrying goods of any kind; a
receptacle made of some kind of pliable material, as
cloth, leather, and the like; a large pouch.
2. A measure of varying capacity, according to local usage
and the substance. The American sack of salt is 215
pounds; the sack of wheat, two bushels. --McElrath.
3. [Perhaps a different word.] Originally, a loosely hanging
garment for women, worn like a cloak about the shoulders,
and serving as a decorative appendage to the gown; now, an
outer garment with sleeves, worn by women; as, a dressing
sack. [Written also {sacque}.]
4. A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending
from top to bottom without a cross seam.
5. (Biol.) See 2d {Sac}, 2.
{Sack bearer} (Zo["o]l.). See {Basket worm}, under {Basket}.
{Sack tree} (Bot.), an East Indian tree ({Antiaris
saccidora}) which is cut into lengths, and made into sacks
by turning the bark inside out, and leaving a slice of the
wood for a bottom.
{To give the sack to} or {get the sack}, to discharge, or be
discharged, from employment; to jilt, or be jilted.
[Slang]
Sack \Sack\, v. t.
1. To put in a sack; to bag; as, to sack corn.
Bolsters sacked in cloth, blue and crimson. --L.
Wallace.
2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders.
[Colloq.]
Sack \Sack\, n. [F. sac plunder, pillage, originally, a pack,
packet, booty packed up, fr. L. saccus. See {Sack} a bag.]
The pillage or plunder, as of a town or city; the storm and
plunder of a town; devastation; ravage.
The town was stormed, and delivered up to sack, -- by
which phrase is to be understood the perpetration of
all those outrages which the ruthless code of war
allowed, in that age, on the persons and property of
the defenseless inhabitants, without regard to sex or
age. --Prescott.
Sack \Sack\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sacked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sacking}.] [See {Sack} pillage.]
To plunder or pillage, as a town or city; to devastate; to
ravage.
The Romans lay under the apprehensions of seeing their
city sacked by a barbarous enemy. --Addison.
Sackage \Sack"age\ (?; 48), n.
The act of taking by storm and pillaging; sack. [R.] --H.
Roscoe.
Sackbut \Sack"but\, n. [F. saquebute, OF. saqueboute a sackbut,
earlier, a sort of hook attached to the end of a lance used
by foot soldiers to unhorse cavalrymen; prop. meaning, pull
and push; fr. saquier, sachier, to pull, draw (perhaps
originally, to put into a bag or take out from a bag; see
{Sack} a bag) + bouter to push (see {Butt} to thrust). The
name was given to the musical instrument from its being
lengthened and shortened.] (Mus.)
A brass wind instrument, like a bass trumpet, so contrived
that it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone
required; -- said to be the same as the trombone. [Written
also {sagbut}.] --Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Note: The sackbut of the Scriptures is supposed to have been
a stringed instrument.
Sackcloth \Sack"cloth`\ (?; 115), n.
Linen or cotton cloth such as sacks are made of; coarse
cloth; anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning,
distress, mortification, or penitence.
Gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. --2
Sam. iii. 31.
Thus with sackcloth I invest my woe. --Sandys.
Sackclothed \Sack"clothed`\, a.
Clothed in sackcloth.
Sacker \Sack"er\, n.
One who sacks; one who takes part in the storm and pillage of
a town.
Sackful \Sack"ful\, n.; pl. {Sackfuls}.
As much as a sack will hold.
Sackful \Sack"ful\, a.
Bent on plunder. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Sacking \Sack"ing\, n. [AS. s[ae]ccing, from s[ae]cc sack, bag.]
Stout, coarse cloth of which sacks, bags, etc., are made.
Sackless \Sack"less\, a. [AS. sacle['a]s; sacu contention +
le['a]s loose, free from.]
Quiet; peaceable; harmless; innocent. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Sack-winged \Sack"-winged`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a peculiar pouch developed near the front edge of the
wing; -- said of certain bats of the genus {Saccopteryx}.
Sacque \Sacque\, n. [Formed after the analogy of the French. See
2d {Sack}.]
Same as 2d {Sack}, 3.
Sacral \Sa"cral\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sacrum; in the region of the sacrum.
Sacrament \Sac"ra*ment\, n. [L. sacramentum an oath, a sacred
thing, a mystery, a sacrament, fr. sacrare to declare as
sacred, sacer sacred: cf. F. sacrement. See {Sacred}.]
1. The oath of allegiance taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a
sacred ceremony used to impress an obligation; a solemn
oath-taking; an oath. [Obs.]
I'll take the sacrament on't. --Shak.
2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn covenant; a
sacred thing; a mystery. [Obs.]
God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a
cloud . . . and the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide
his people through their portion of sorrows. --Jer.
Taylor.
3. (Theol.) One of the solemn religious ordinances enjoined
by Christ, the head of the Christian church, to be
observed by his followers; hence, specifically, the
eucharist; the Lord's Supper.
Syn: {Sacrament}, {Eucharist}.
Usage: Protestants apply the term sacrament to baptism and
the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R. Cath.
and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz.,
confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, and
extreme unction. As sacrament denotes an oath or vow,
the word has been applied by way of emphasis to the
Lord's Supper, where the most sacred vows are renewed
by the Christian in commemorating the death of his
Redeemer. Eucharist denotes the giving of thanks; and
this term also has been applied to the same ordinance,
as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's
sufferings and death. ``Some receive the sacrament as
a means to procure great graces and blessings; others
as an eucharist and an office of thanksgiving for what
they have received.'' --Jer. Taylor.
Sacrament \Sac"ra*ment\, v. t.
To bind by an oath. [Obs.] --Laud.
Sacramental \Sac`ra*men"tal\, a. [L. sacramentalis: cf. F.
sacramental, sacramentel.]
1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments; of the
nature of a sacrament; sacredly or solemnly binding; as,
sacramental rites or elements.
2. Bound by a sacrament.
The sacramental host of God's elect. --Cowper.
Sacramental \Sac`ra*men"tal\, n.
That which relates to a sacrament. --Bp. Morton.
Sacramentalism \Sac`ra*men"tal*ism\, n.
The doctrine and use of sacraments; attachment of excessive
importance to sacraments.
Sacramentalist \Sac`ra*men"tal*ist\, n.
One who holds the doctrine of the real objective presence of
Christ's body and blood in the holy eucharist. --Shipley.
Sacramentally \Sac`ra*men"tal*ly\, adv.
In a sacramental manner.
Sacramentarian \Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an\, n. [LL. sacramentarius:
cf. F. sacramentaire.]
1. (Eccl.) A name given in the sixteenth century to those
German reformers who rejected both the Roman and the
Lutheran doctrine of the holy eucharist.
2. One who holds extreme opinions regarding the efficacy of
sacraments.
Sacramentarian \Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an\, a.
1. Of or pertaining a sacrament, or to the sacramentals;
sacramental.
2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.
Sacramentary \Sac`ra*men"ta*ry\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments;
sacramental.
2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.
Sacramentary \Sac`ra*men"ta*ry\, n.; pl. {-ries}. [LL.
sacramentarium: cf. F. sacramentaire.]
1. An ancient book of the Roman Catholic Church, written by
Pope Gelasius, and revised, corrected, and abridged by St.
Gregory, in which were contained the rites for Mass, the
sacraments, the dedication of churches, and other
ceremonies. There are several ancient books of the same
kind in France and Germany.
2. Same as {Sacramentarian}, n., 1.
Papists, Anabaptists, and Sacramentaries. --Jer.
Taylor.
Sacramentize \Sac"ra*ment*ize\, v. i.
To administer the sacraments. [R.]
Both to preach and sacramentize. --Fuller.
Sacrarium \Sa*cra"ri*um\, n.; pl. {-ria}. [L., fr. sacer
sacred.]
1. A sort of family chapel in the houses of the Romans,
devoted to a special divinity.
2. The adytum of a temple. --Gwilt.
3. In a Christian church, the sanctuary.
Sacrate \Sa"crate\, v. t. [L. sacratus, p. p. of sacrare. See
{Sacred}.]
To consecrate. [Obs.]
Sacration \Sa*cra"tion\, n.
Consecration. [Obs.]
Sacre \Sa"cre\, n.
See {Saker}.
Sacre \Sa"cre\, v. t. [F. sacrer. See {Sacred}.]
To consecrate; to make sacred. [Obs.] --Holland.
Sacred \Sa"cred\, a. [Originally p. p. of OE. sacren to
consecrate, F. sacrer, fr. L. sacrare, fr. sacer sacred,
holy, cursed. Cf. {Consecrate}, {Execrate}, {Saint},
{Sexton}.]
1. Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a
good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use;
consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a
sacred day; sacred service.
2. Relating to religion, or to the services of religion; not
secular; religious; as, sacred history.
Smit with the love of sacred song. --Milton.
3. Designated or exalted by a divine sanction; possessing the
highest title to obedience, honor, reverence, or
veneration; entitled to extreme reverence; venerable.
Such neighbor nearness to our sacred [royal] blood
Should nothing privilege him. --Shak.
Poet and saint to thee alone were given, The two
most sacred names of earth and heaven. --Cowley.
4. Hence, not to be profaned or violated; inviolable.
Secrets of marriage still are sacred held. --Dryden.
5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; -- with to.
A temple, sacred to the queen of love. --Dryden.
6. Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil, vengeance,
curse, or the like; accursed; baleful. [Archaic]
But, to destruction sacred and devote. --Milton.
{Society of the Sacred Heart} (R.C. Ch.), a religious order
of women, founded in France in 1800, and approved in 1826.
It was introduced into America in 1817. The members of the
order devote themselves to the higher branches of female
education.
{Sacred baboon}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Hamadryas}.
{Sacred bean} (Bot.), a seed of the Oriental lotus ({Nelumbo
speciosa} or {Nelumbium speciosum}), a plant resembling a
water lily; also, the plant itself. See {Lotus}.
{Sacred beetle} (Zo["o]l.) See {Scarab}.
{Sacred canon}. See {Canon}, n., 3.
{Sacred fish} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
fresh-water African fishes of the family {Mormyrid[ae]}.
Several large species inhabit the Nile and were considered
sacred by the ancient Egyptians; especially {Mormyrus
oxyrhynchus}.
{Sacred ibis}. See {Ibis}.
{Sacred monkey}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any Asiatic monkey of the genus {Semnopithecus},
regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the
entellus. See {Entellus}.
(b) The sacred baboon. See {Hamadryas}.
(c) The bhunder, or rhesus monkey.
{Sacred place} (Civil Law), the place where a deceased person
is buried.
Syn: Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated; devoted;
religious; venerable; reverend. -- {Sa"cred*ly}, adv. --
{Sa"cred*ness}, n.
Sacrific \Sacrif"ic\, Sacrifical \Sa*crif"ic*al\, a. [L.
sacrificus, sacrificalis. See {Sacrifice}.]
Employed in sacrifice. [R.] --Johnson.
Sacrificable \Sa*crif"ic*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being offered in sacrifice. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Sacrificant \Sa*crif"ic*ant\, n. [L. sacrificans, p. pr. See
{Sacrifice}.]
One who offers a sacrifice. [R.]
Sacrificator \Sac"ri*fi*ca`tor\, n. [L.]
A sacrificer; one who offers a sacrifice. [R.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Sacrificatory \Sa*crif"ic*a*to*ry\, n. [Cf. F. sacrificatoire.]
Offering sacrifice. [R.] --Sherwood.
Sacrifice \Sac"ri*fice\ (?; 277), n. [OE. sacrifise, sacrifice,
F. sacrifice, fr. L. sacrificium; sacer sacred + facere to
make. See {Sacred}, and {Fact}.]
1. The offering of anything to God, or to a god; consecratory
rite.
Great pomp, and sacrifice, and praises loud, To
Dagon. --Milton.
2. Anything consecrated and offered to God, or to a divinity;
an immolated victim, or an offering of any kind, laid upon
an altar, or otherwise presented in the way of religious
thanksgiving, atonement, or conciliation.
Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood Of human
sacrifice. --Milton.
My life, if thou preserv'st my life, Thy sacrifice
shall be. --Addison.
3. Destruction or surrender of anything for the sake of
something else; devotion of some desirable object in
behalf of a higher object, or to a claim deemed more
pressing; hence, also, the thing so devoted or given up;
as, the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure
to interest.
4. A sale at a price less than the cost or the actual value.
[Tradesmen's Cant]
{Burnt sacrifice}. See {Burnt offering}, under {Burnt}.
{Sacrifice hit} (Baseball), in batting, a hit of such a kind
that the batter loses his chance of tallying, but enables
one or more who are on bases to get home or gain a base.
Sacrifice \Sac"ri*fice\ (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Sacrificed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Sacrificing}.] [From
{Sacrifice}, n.: cf. F. sacrifier, L. sacrificare; sacer
sacred, holy + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
1. To make an offering of; to consecrate or present to a
divinity by way of expiation or propitiation, or as a
token acknowledgment or thanksgiving; to immolate on the
altar of God, in order to atone for sin, to procure favor,
or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice an ox or a
sheep.
Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid. --Milton.
2. Hence, to destroy, surrender, or suffer to be lost, for
the sake of obtaining something; to give up in favor of a
higher or more imperative object or duty; to devote, with
loss or suffering.
Condemned to sacrifice his childish years To
babbling ignorance, and to empty fears. --Prior.
The Baronet had sacrificed a large sum . . . for the
sake of . . . making this boy his heir. --G. Eliot.
3. To destroy; to kill. --Johnson.
4. To sell at a price less than the cost or the actual value.
[Tradesmen's Cant]
Sacrifice \Sac"ri*fice\, v. i.
To make offerings to God, or to a deity, of things consumed
on the altar; to offer sacrifice.
O teacher, some great mischief hath befallen To that
meek man, who well had sacrificed. --Milton.
Sacrificer \Sac"ri*fi`cer\, n.
One who sacrifices.
Sacrificial \Sac`ri*fi"cial\, a.
Of or pertaining to sacrifice or sacrifices; consisting in
sacrifice; performing sacrifice. ``Sacrificial rites.''
--Jer. Taylor.
Sacrilege \Sac"ri*lege\, n. [F. sacril[`e]ge, L. sacrilegium,
from sacrilegus that steals, properly, gathers or picks up,
sacred things; sacer sacred + legere to gather, pick up. See
{Sacred}, and {Legend}.]
The sin or crime of violating or profaning sacred things; the
alienating to laymen, or to common purposes, what has been
appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses.
And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb With sacrilege
to dig. --Spenser.
Families raised upon the ruins of churches, and
enriched with the spoils of sacrilege. --South.
Sacrilegious \Sac`ri*le"gious\, a. [From sacrilege: cf. L.
sacrilegus.]
Violating sacred things; polluted with sacrilege; involving
sacrilege; profane; impious.
Above the reach of sacrilegious hands. --Pope.
-- {Sac`ri*le"gious*ly}, adv. -- {Sac`ri*le"gious*ness}, n.
Sacrilegist \Sac"ri*le`gist\, n.
One guilty of sacrilege.
Sacring \Sac"ring\,
a. & n. from {Sacre}.
{Sacring bell}. See {Sanctus bell}, under {Sanctus}.
Sacrist \Sa"crist\, n. [LL. sacrista. See {Sacristan}.]
A sacristan; also, a person retained in a cathedral to copy
out music for the choir, and take care of the books.
Sacristan \Sac"ris*tan\, n. [F. sacristain, LL. sacrista, fr. L.
sacer. See {Sacred}, and cf. {Sexton}.]
An officer of the church who has the care of the utensils or
movables, and of the church in general; a sexton.
Sacristy \Sac"ris*ty\, n.; pl. {Sacristies}. [F. sacristie, LL.
sacristia, fr. L. sacer. See {Sacred}.]
An apartment in a church where the sacred utensils,
vestments, etc., are kept; a vestry.
Sacro- \Sa"cro-\ (Anat.)
A combining form denoting connection with, or relation to,
the sacrum, as in sacro-coccygeal, sacro-iliac, sacrosciatic.
Sacrosanct \Sac"ro*sanct\, a. [L. sucrosanctus.]
Sacred; inviolable. [R.] --Dr. H. More.
Sacrosciatic \Sa`cro*sci*at"ic\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to both the sacrum and the hip; as, the
sacrosciatic foramina formed by the sacrosciatic ligaments
which connect the sacrum and the hip bone.
Sacrovertebral \Sa`cro*ver"te*bral\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sacrum and that part of the vertebral
column immediately anterior to it; as, the sacrovertebral
angle.
Sacrum \Sa"crum\, n.; pl. {sacra}. [NL., fr. L. sacer sacred, os
sacrum the lowest bone of the spine.] (Anat.)
That part of the vertebral column which is directly connected
with, or forms a part of, the pelvis.
Note: It may consist of a single vertebra or of several more
or less consolidated. In man it forms the dorsal, or
posterior, wall of the pelvis, and consists of five
united vertebr[ae], which diminish in size very rapidly
to the posterior extremity, which bears the coccyx.
Sacs \Sacs\ (s[add]ks), n. pl.; sing. {Sac}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians, which, together with the Foxes, formerly
occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin. [Written also
{Sauks}.]
Sad \Sad\ (s[a^]d), a. [Compar. {Sadder}; supperl. {Saddest}.]
[OE. sad sated, tired, satisfied, firm, steadfast, AS. s[ae]d
satisfied, sated; akin to D. zat, OS. sad, G. satt, OHG. sat,
Icel. sa[eth]r, saddr, Goth. sa[thorn]s, Lith. sotus, L. sat,
satis, enough, satur sated, Gr. 'a`menai to satiate, 'a`dnh
enough. Cf. {Assets}, {Sate}, {Satiate}, {Satisfy},
{Satire}.]
1. Sated; satisfied; weary; tired. [Obs.]
Yet of that art they can not waxen sad, For unto
them it is a bitter sweet. --Chaucer.
2. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard. [Obs., except in a
few phrases; as, sad bread.]
His hand, more sad than lump of lead. --Spenser.
Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad. --Mortimer.
3. Dull; grave; dark; somber; -- said of colors.
``Sad-colored clothes.'' --Walton.
Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the
foundation of all sad colors. --Mortimer.
4. Serious; grave; sober; steadfast; not light or frivolous.
[Obs.] ``Ripe and sad courage.'' --Chaucer.
Lady Catharine, a sad and religious woman. --Bacon.
Which treaty was wisely handled by sad and discrete
counsel of both parties. --Ld. Berners.
5. Affected with grief or unhappiness; cast down with
affliction; downcast; gloomy; mournful.
First were we sad, fearing you would not come; Now
sadder, that you come so unprovided. --Shak.
The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad. --Milton.
6. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as, a sad
accident; a sad misfortune.
7. Hence, bad; naughty; troublesome; wicked. [Colloq.] ``Sad
tipsy fellows, both of them.'' --I. Taylor.
Note: Sad is sometimes used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, sad-colored, sad-eyed,
sad-hearted, sad-looking, and the like.
{Sad bread}, heavy bread. [Scot. & Local, U.S.] --Bartlett.
Syn: Sorrowful; mournful; gloomy; dejected; depressed;
cheerless; downcast; sedate; serious; grave; grievous;
afflictive; calamitous.
Sad \Sad\, v. t.
To make sorrowful; to sadden. [Obs.]
How it sadded the minister's spirits! --H. Peters.
Sadda \Sad"da\, n. [Per. sad-dar the hundred gates or ways; sad
a hundred + dar door, way.]
A work in the Persian tongue, being a summary of the
Zend-Avesta, or sacred books.
Sadden \Sad"den\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Saddened}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Saddening}.]
To make sad. Specifically:
(a) To render heavy or cohesive. [Obs.]
Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great
prejudice it doth to clay lands. --Mortimer.
(b) To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth.
(c) To make grave or serious; to make melancholy or
sorrowful.
Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene. --Pope.
Sadden \Sad"den\, v. i.
To become, or be made, sad. --Tennyson.
Sadder \Sad"der\, n.
Same as {Sadda}.
Saddle \Sad"dle\, n. [OE. sadel, AS. sadol; akin to D. zadel, G.
sattel, OHG. satal, satul, Icel. s["o][eth]ull, Dan. & Sw.
sadel; cf. Russ. siedlo; all perh. ultimately from the root
of E. sit.]
1. A seat for a rider, -- usually made of leather, padded to
span comfortably a horse's back, furnished with stirrups
for the rider's feet to rest in, and fastened in place
with a girth; also, a seat for the rider on a bicycle or
tricycle.
2. A padded part of a harness which is worn on a horse's
back, being fastened in place with a girth. It serves
various purposes, as to keep the breeching in place, carry
guides for the reins, etc.
3. A piece of meat containing a part of the backbone of an
animal with the ribs on each side; as, a saddle of mutton,
of venison, etc.
4. (Naut.) A block of wood, usually fastened to some spar,
and shaped to receive the end of another spar.
5. (Mach.) A part, as a flange, which is hollowed out to fit
upon a convex surface and serve as a means of attachment
or support.
6. (Zo["o]l.) The clitellus of an earthworm.
7. (Arch.) The threshold of a door, when a separate piece
from the floor or landing; -- so called because it spans
and covers the joint between two floors.
{Saddle bar} (Arch.), one the small iron bars to which the
lead panels of a glazed window are secured. --Oxf. Gloss.
{Saddle gall} (Far.), a sore or gall upon a horse's back,
made by the saddle.
{Saddle girth}, a band passing round the body of a horse to
hold the saddle in its place.
{saddle horse}, a horse suitable or trained for riding with a
saddle.
{Saddle joint}, in sheet-metal roofing, a joint formed by
bending up the edge of a sheet and folding it downward
over the turned-up edge of the next sheet.
{Saddle roof}, (Arch.), a roof having two gables and one
ridge; -- said of such a roof when used in places where a
different form is more common; as, a tower surmounted by a
saddle roof. Called also {saddleback roof}.
{Saddle shell} (Zo["o]l.), any thin plicated bivalve shell of
the genera {Placuna} and {Anomia}; -- so called from its
shape. Called also {saddle oyster}.
Saddle \Sad"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Saddled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Saddling}.] [AS. sadelian.]
1. To put a saddle upon; to equip (a beast) for riding.
``saddle my horse.'' --Shak.
Abraham rose up early, . . . and saddled his ass.
--Gen. xxii.
3.
2. Hence: To fix as a charge or burden upon; to load; to
encumber; as, to saddle a town with the expense of bridges
and highways.
Saddleback \Sad"dle*back`\, a.
Same as {Saddle-backed}.
{Saddleback roof}. (Arch.) See {Saddle roof}, under {Saddle}.
Saddleback \Sad"dle*back`\, n.
1. Anything saddle-backed; esp., a hill or ridge having a
concave outline at the top.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The harp seal.
(b) The great blackbacked gull ({Larus marinus}).
(c) The larva of a bombycid moth ({Empretia stimulea})
which has a large, bright green, saddle-shaped patch
of color on the back.
Saddle-backed \Sad"dle-backed`\, a.
1. Having the outline of the upper part concave like the seat
of a saddle.
2. Having a low back and high neck, as a horse.
Saddlebags \Sad"dle*bags\, n. pl.
Bags, usually of leather, united by straps or a band,
formerly much used by horseback riders to carry small
articles, one bag hanging on each side.
Saddlebow \Sad"dle*bow`\, n. [AS. sadelboga.]
The bow or arch in the front part of a saddle, or the pieces
which form the front.
Saddlecloth \Sad"dle*cloth`\ (?; 115), n.
A cloth under a saddle, and extending out behind; a housing.
Saddled \Sad"dled\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a broad patch of color across the back, like a saddle;
saddle-backed.
Saddler \Sad"dler\, n.
One who makes saddles.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A harp seal.
Saddlery \Sad"dler*y\, n.
1. The materials for making saddles and harnesses; the
articles usually offered for sale in a saddler's shop.
2. The trade or employment of a saddler.
Saddle-shaped \Sad"dle-shaped`\, a.
Shaped like a saddle. Specifically:
(a) (Bot.) Bent down at the sides so as to give the upper
part a rounded form. --Henslow.
(b) (Geol.) Bent on each side of a mountain or ridge, without
being broken at top; -- said of strata.
Saddletree \Sad"dle*tree`\, n.
The frame of a saddle.
For saddletree scarce reached had he, His journey to
begin. --Cowper.
Sadducaic \Sad`du*ca"ic\ (?; 135), a.
Pertaining to, or like, the Sadducees; as, Sadducaic
reasonings.
Sadducee \Sad"du*cee\, n. [L. Sadducaei, p., Gr. ?, Heb.
Tsadd[=u]k[=i]m; -- so called from Ts[=a]d[=o]k, the founder
of the sect.]
One of a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the
resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels. --
{Sad`du*ce"an}, a.
Sadduceeism \Sad"du*cee`ism\, Sadducism \Sad"du*cism\, n.
The tenets of the Sadducees.
Sadducize \Sad"du*cize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sadducized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sadducizing}.]
To adopt the principles of the Sadducees. --Atterbury.
Sadh \Sadh\, n. [Skr. s[=a]dhu perfect, pure.]
A member of a monotheistic sect of Hindoos. Sadhs resemble
the Quakers in many respects. --Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Sadiron \Sad"i`ron\, n. [Probably sad heavy + iron.]
An iron for smoothing clothes; a flatiron.
Sadly \Sad"ly\, adv.
1. Wearily; heavily; firmly. [Obs.]
In go the spears full sadly in arest. --Chaucer.
2. Seriously; soberly; gravely. [Obs.]
To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame Or our
neglect, we lost her as we came. --Milton.
3. Grievously; deeply; sorrowfully; miserably. ``He sadly
suffers in their grief.'' --Dryden.
Sadness \Sad"ness\, n.
1. Heaviness; firmness. [Obs.]
2. Seriousness; gravity; discretion. [Obs.]
Her sadness and her benignity. --Chaucer.
3. Quality of being sad, or unhappy; gloominess;
sorrowfulness; dejection.
Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial
visages. --Milton.
Syn: Sorrow; heaviness; dejection. See {Grief}.
Sadr \Sadr\, n. (Bot.)
A plant of the genus {Ziziphus} ({Z. lotus}); -- so called by
the Arabs of Barbary, who use its berries for food. See
{Lotus}
(b) .
Saengerfest \Saeng"er*fest\, n. [G. s["a]ngerfest.]
A festival of singers; a German singing festival.
Safe \Safe\, a. [Compar. {Safer}; superl. {Safest}.] [OE. sauf,
F. sauf, fr. L. salvus, akin to salus health, welfare,
safety. Cf. {Salute}, {Salvation}, {Sage} a plant, {Save},
{Salvo} an exception.]
1. Free from harm, injury, or risk; untouched or unthreatened
by danger or injury; unharmed; unhurt; secure; whole; as,
safe from disease; safe from storms; safe from foes. ``And
ye dwelled safe.'' --1 Sam. xii. 11.
They escaped all safe to land. --Acts xxvii.
44.
Established in a safe, unenvied throne. --Milton.
2. Conferring safety; securing from harm; not exposing to
danger; confining securely; to be relied upon; not
dangerous; as, a safe harbor; a safe bridge, etc. ``The
man of safe discretion.'' --Shak.
The King of heaven hath doomed This place our
dungeon, not our safe retreat. --Milton.
3. Incapable of doing harm; no longer dangerous; in secure
care or custody; as, the prisoner is safe.
But Banquo's safe? Ay, my good lord, safe in a ditch
he bides. --Shak.
{Safe hit} (Baseball), a hit which enables the batter to get
to first base even if no error is made by the other side.
Syn: Secure; unendangered; sure.
Safe \Safe\, n.
A place for keeping things in safety. Specifically:
(a) A strong and fireproof receptacle (as a movable chest of
steel, etc., or a closet or vault of brickwork) for
containing money, valuable papers, or the like.
(b) A ventilated or refrigerated chest or closet for securing
provisions from noxious animals or insects.
Safe \Safe\, v. t.
To render safe; to make right. [Obs.] --Shak.
Safe-conduct \Safe"-con"duct\, n. [Safe + conduct: cf. F.
sauf-conduit.]
That which gives a safe passage; either
(a) a convoy or guard to protect a person in an enemy's
country or a foreign country, or
(b) a writing, pass, or warrant of security, given to a
person to enable him to travel with safety. --Shak.
Safe-conduct \Safe`-con*duct"\, v. t.
To conduct safely; to give safe-conduct to. [Poetic]
He him by all the bonds of love besought To
safe-conduct his love. --Spenser.
Safeguard \Safe"guard`\, n. [Safe = guard: cf. F. sauvegarde.]
1. One who, or that which, defends or protects; defense;
protection. --Shak.
Thy sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne.
--Granville.
2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler or property.
3. A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct. --Shak.
Safeguard \Safe"guard`\, v. t.
To guard; to protect. --Shak.
Safe-keeping \Safe"-keep"ing\, n. [Safe + keep.]
The act of keeping or preserving in safety from injury or
from escape; care; custody.
Safely \Safe"ly\, adv.
In a safe manner; danger, injury, loss, or evil consequences.
Safeness \Safe"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being safe; freedom from hazard,
danger, harm, or loss; safety; security; as the safeness of
an experiment, of a journey, or of a possession.
Safe-pledge \Safe"-pledge"\, n. (Law)
A surety for the appearance of a person at a given time.
--Bracton.
Safety \Safe"ty\, n. [Cf. F. sauvet['e].]
1. The condition or state of being safe; freedom from danger
or hazard; exemption from hurt, injury, or loss.
Up led by thee, Into the heaven I have presumed, An
earthly guest . . . With like safety guided down,
Return me to my native element. --Milton.
2. Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or from
liability to cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the
quality of making safe or secure, or of giving confidence,
justifying trust, insuring against harm or loss, etc.
Would there were any safety in thy sex, That I might
put a thousand sorrows off, And credit thy
repentance! --Beau. & Fl.
3. Preservation from escape; close custody.
Imprison him, . . . Deliver him to safety; and
return. --Shak.
4. (Football) Same as Safety touchdown, below.
{Safety arch} (Arch.), a discharging arch. See under
{Discharge}, v. t.
{Safety belt}, a belt made of some buoyant material, or which
is capable of being inflated, so as to enable a person to
float in water; a life preserver.
{Safety buoy}, a buoy to enable a person to float in water; a
safety belt.
{Safety cage} (Mach.), a cage for an elevator or mine lift,
having appliances to prevent it from dropping if the
lifting rope should break.
{Safety lamp}. (Mining) See under {Lamp}.
{Safety match}, a match which can be ignited only on a
surface specially prepared for the purpose.
{Safety pin}, a pin made in the form of a clasp, with a guard
covering its point so that it will not prick the wearer.
{Safety plug}. See {Fusible plug}, under {Fusible}.
{Safety switch}. See {Switch}.
{Safety touchdown} (Football), the act or result of a
player's touching to the ground behind his own goal line a
ball which received its last impulse from a man on his own
side; -- distinguished from touchback. See {Touchdown}.
{Safety tube} (Chem.), a tube to prevent explosion, or to
control delivery of gases by an automatic valvular
connection with the outer air; especially, a bent funnel
tube with bulbs for adding those reagents which produce
unpleasant fumes or violent effervescence.
{Safety valve}, a valve which is held shut by a spring or
weight and opens automatically to permit the escape of
steam, or confined gas, water, etc., from a boiler, or
other vessel, when the pressure becomes too great for
safety; also, sometimes, a similar valve opening inward to
admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less than
that of the atmosphere, to prevent collapse.
Safflow \Saf"flow\, n. (Bot.)
The safflower. [Obs.]
Safflower \Saf"flow`er\, n. [F. safleur, saflor, for safran,
influenced by fleur flower. See {Saffron}, and {Flower}.]
1. (Bot.) An annual composite plant ({Carthamus tinctorius}),
the flowers of which are used as a dyestuff and in making
rouge; bastard, or false, saffron.
2. The dried flowers of the {Carthamus tinctorius}.
3. A dyestuff from these flowers. See {Safranin}
(b) .
{Oil of safflower}, a purgative oil expressed from the seeds
of the safflower.
Saffron \Saf"fron\ (?; 277), n. [OE. saffran, F. safran; cf. It.
zafferano, Sp. azafran, Pg. a[,c]afr[~a]o; all fr. Ar. & Per.
za' far[=a]n.]
1. (Bot.) A bulbous iridaceous plant ({Crocus sativus})
having blue flowers with large yellow stigmas. See
{Crocus}.
2. The aromatic, pungent, dried stigmas, usually with part of
the stile, of the {Crocus sativus}. Saffron is used in
cookery, and in coloring confectionery, liquors,
varnishes, etc., and was formerly much used in medicine.
3. An orange or deep yellow color, like that of the stigmas
of the {Crocus sativus}.
{Bastard saffron}, {Dyer's saffron}. (Bot.) See {Safflower}.
{Meadow saffron} (Bot.), a bulbous plant ({Colchichum
autumnale}) of Europe, resembling saffron.
{Saffron wood} (Bot.), the yellowish wood of a South African
tree ({El[ae]odendron croceum}); also, the tree itself.
{Saffron yellow}, a shade of yellow like that obtained from
the stigmas of the true saffron ({Crocus sativus}).
Saffron \Saf"fron\ (?; 277), a.
Having the color of the stigmas of saffron flowers; deep
orange-yellow; as, a saffron face; a saffron streamer.
Saffron \Saf"fron\, v. t.
To give color and flavor to, as by means of saffron; to
spice. [Obs.]
And in Latyn I speak a wordes few, To saffron with my
predication. --Chaucer.
Saffrony \Saf"fron*y\, a.
Having a color somewhat like saffron; yellowish. --Lord
(1630).
Safranin \Saf"ra*nin\, n. (Chem.)
(a) An orange-red dyestuff extracted from the saffron. [R.]
(b) A red dyestuff extracted from the safflower, and formerly
used in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton pink and scarlet;
-- called also {Spanish red}, {China lake}, and
{carthamin}.
(c) An orange-red dyestuff prepared from certain nitro
compounds of creosol, and used as a substitute for the
safflower dye.
Safranine \Saf"ra*nine\ (? or ?), n. [So called because used as
a substitute for safranin.] (Chem.)
An orange-red nitrogenous dyestuff produced artificially by
oxidizing certain aniline derivatives, and used in dyeing
silk and wool; also, any one of the series of which safranine
proper is the type.
Sag \Sag\ (s[a^]g), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sagged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sagging}.] [Akin to Sw. sacka to settle, sink down, LG.
sacken, D. zakken. Cf. {Sink}, v. i.]
1. To sink, in the middle, by its weight or under applied
pressure, below a horizontal line or plane; as, a line or
cable supported by its ends sags, though tightly drawn;
the floor of a room sags; hence, to lean, give way, or
settle from a vertical position; as, a building may sag
one way or another; a door sags on its hinges.
2. Fig.: To lose firmness or elasticity; to sink; to droop;
to flag; to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits, under
the pressure of care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be
unsettled or unbalanced. [R.]
The mind I sway by, and the heart I bear, Shall
never sag with doubt nor shake with fear. --Shak.
3. To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or droop
heavily.
{To sag to leeward} (Naut.), to make much leeway by reason of
the wind, sea, or current; to drift to leeward; -- said of
a vessel. --Totten.
Sag \Sag\, v. t.
To cause to bend or give way; to load.
Sag \Sag\, n.
State of sinking or bending; sagging.
Saga \Sa"ga\ (s[=a]"g[.a]), n.; pl. {Sagas} (-g[.a]z). [Icel.,
akin to E. saw a saying. See {Say}, and cf. {Saw}.]
A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or mythic tradition, among
the Norsemen and kindred people; a northern European popular
historical or religious tale of olden time.
And then the blue-eyed Norseman told A saga of the days
of old. --Longfellow.
Sagacious \Sa*ga"cious\, a. [L. sagax, sagacis, akin to sagire
to perceive quickly or keenly, and probably to E. seek. See
{Seek}, and cf. {Presage}.]
1. Of quick sense perceptions; keen-scented; skilled in
following a trail.
Sagacious of his quarry from so far. --Milton.
2. Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of keen
penetration and judgment; discerning and judicious;
knowing; far-sighted; shrewd; sage; wise; as, a sagacious
man; a sagacious remark.
Instinct . . . makes them, many times, sagacious
above our apprehension. --Dr. H. More.
Only sagacious heads light on these observations,
and reduce them into general propositions. --Locke.
Syn: See {Shrewd}. -- {Sa*ga"cious*ly}, adv. --
{Sa*ga"cious*ness}, n.
Sagacity \Sa*gac"i*ty\, n. [L. sagacitas. See {Sagacious}.]
The quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of
sense perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration
with soundness of judgment; shrewdness.
Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell.
--Cowper.
Natural sagacity improved by generous education. --V.
Knox.
Syn: Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness.
Usage: {Sagacity}, {Penetration}. Penetration enables us to
enter into the depths of an abstruse subject, to
detect motives, plans, etc. Sagacity adds to
penetration a keen, practical judgment, which enables
one to guard against the designs of others, and to
turn everything to the best possible advantage.
Sagamore \Sag"a*more\, n.
1. [Cf. {Sachem}.] The head of a tribe among the American
Indians; a chief; -- generally used as synonymous with
sachem, but some writters distinguished between them,
making the sachem a chief of the first rank, and a
sagamore one of the second rank. ``Be it sagamore, sachem,
or powwow.'' --Longfellow.
2. A juice used in medicine. [Obs.] --Johnson.
Sagapen \Sag"a*pen\, n.
Sagapenum.
Sagapenum \Sag`a*pe"num\, n. [L. sagapenon, sacopenium, Gr. ?:
cf. F. sagapin, gomme sagapin, sagap['e]num, Ar. sikb[=i]naj,
Per. sakb[=i]nah, sikb[=i]nah.] (Med.)
A fetid gum resin obtained from a species of {Ferula}. It has
been used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with. --U.
S. Disp.
Sagathy \Sag"a*thy\, n. [F. sagatis: cf. Sp. sagat['i],
saet['i].]
A mixed woven fabric of silk and cotton, or silk and wool;
sayette; also, a light woolen fabric.
Sage \Sage\, n. [OE. sauge, F. sauge, L. salvia, from salvus
saved, in allusion to its reputed healing virtues. See
{Safe}.] (Bot.)
(a) A suffruticose labiate plant ({Salvia officinalis}) with
grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc.
The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which
many species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet
sage, and Mexican red and blue sage.
(b) The sagebrush.
{Meadow sage} (Bot.), a blue-flowered species of Salvia ({S.
pratensis}) growing in meadows in Europe.
{Sage cheese}, cheese flavored with sage, and colored green
by the juice of leaves of spinach and other plants which
are added to the milk.
{Sage cock} (Zo["o]l.), the male of the sage grouse; in a
more general sense, the specific name of the sage grouse.
{Sage green}, of a dull grayish green color, like the leaves
of garden sage.
{Sage grouse} (Zo["o]l.), a very large American grouse
({Centrocercus urophasianus}), native of the dry sagebrush
plains of Western North America. Called also {cock of the
plains}. The male is called {sage cock}, and the female
{sage hen}.
{Sage hare}, or {Sage rabbit} (Zo["o]l.), a species of hare
({Lepus Nuttalli, or artemisia}) which inhabits the arid
regions of Western North America and lives among
sagebrush. By recent writers it is considered to be merely
a variety of the common cottontail, or wood rabbit.
{Sage hen} (Zo["o]l.), the female of the sage grouse.
{Sage sparrow} (Zo["o]l.), a small sparrow ({Amphispiza
Belli}, var. {Nevadensis}) which inhabits the dry plains
of the Rocky Mountain region, living among sagebrush.
{Sage thrasher} (Zo["o]l.), a singing bird ({Oroscoptes
montanus}) which inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western
North America.
{Sage willow} (Bot.), a species of willow ({Salix tristis})
forming a low bush with nearly sessile grayish green
leaves.
Sage \Sage\, a. [Compar. {Sager}; superl. {Sagest}.] [F., fr. L.
sapius (only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr. sapere to be
wise; perhaps akin to E. sap. Cf. {Savor}, {Sapient},
{Insipid}.]
1. Having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent;
grave; sagacious.
All you sage counselors, hence! --Shak.
2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted
to the purpose.
Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of
sage advice, counseled the general to retreat.
--Milton.
3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.] ``[Great bards] in sage and
solemn tunes have sung.'' --Milton.
Syn: Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent; judicious.
Sage \Sage\, n.
A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man
venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a
grave philosopher.
At his birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims
him come, And guides the Eastern sages. --Milton.
Sagebrush \Sage"brush`\, n.
A low irregular shrub ({Artemisia tridentata}), of the order
{Composit[ae]}, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline
regions of the American plains; -- called also {sagebush},
and {wild sage}.
Sagely \Sage"ly\, adv.
In a sage manner; wisely.
Sagene \Sa*gene"\, n. [Russ. sajene.]
A Russian measure of length equal to about seven English
feet.
Sageness \Sage"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity;
prudence; gravity. --Ascham.
Sagenite \Sag"e*nite\, n. [F. sag['e]nite, fr. L. sagena a large
net. See {Seine}.] (Min.)
Acicular rutile occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in
quartz.
Sagenitic \Sag`e*nit"ic\, a. (Min.)
Resembling sagenite; -- applied to quartz when containing
acicular crystals of other minerals, most commonly rutile,
also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.
Sagger \Sag"ger\, n. [See {Seggar}.]
1. A pot or case of fire clay, in which fine stoneware is
inclosed while baking in the kiln; a seggar.
2. The clay of which such pots or cases are made.
Sagging \Sag"ging\, n.
A bending or sinking between the ends of a thing, in
consequence of its own, or an imposed, weight; an arching
downward in the middle, as of a ship after straining. Cf.
{Hogging}.
Saginate \Sag"i*nate\, v. t. [L. saginatus, p. p. of saginare to
fat, fr. sagina stuffing.]
To make fat; to pamper. [R.] ``Many a saginated boar.''
--Cowper.
Sagination \Sag`i*na"tion\, n. [L. saginatio.]
The act of fattening or pampering. [R.] --Topsell.
Sagitta \Sa*git"ta\, n. [L., an arrow.]
1. (Astron.) A small constellation north of Aquila; the
Arrow.
2. (Arch.) The keystone of an arch. [R.] --Gwilt.
3. (Geom.) The distance from a point in a curve to the chord;
also, the versed sine of an arc; -- so called from its
resemblance to an arrow resting on the bow and string.
[Obs.]
4. (Anat.) The larger of the two otoliths, or ear bones,
found in most fishes.
5. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of transparent, free-swimming marine
worms having lateral and caudal fins, and capable of
swimming rapidly. It is the type of the class
Ch[ae]tognatha.
Sagittal \Sag"it*tal\, a. [L. sagitta an arrow: cf. F.
sagittal.]
1. Of or pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow;
furnished with an arrowlike appendage.
2. (Anat.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the sagittal suture; in the region
of the sagittal suture; rabdoidal; as, the sagittal
furrow, or groove, on the inner surface of the roof of
the skull.
(b) In the mesial plane; mesial; as, a sagittal section of
an animal.
{Sagittal suture} (Anat.), the suture between the two
parietal bones in the top of the skull; -- called also
{rabdoidal suture}, and {interparietal suture}.
Sagittarius \Sag`it*ta"ri*us\, n. [L., literally, an archer, fr.
sagittarius belonging to an arrow, fr. sagitta an arrow.]
(Astron.)
(a) The ninth of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the
sun enters about November 22, marked thus
[[sagittarius]] in almanacs; the Archer.
(b) A zodiacal constellation, represented on maps and
globes as a centaur shooting an arrow.
Sagittary \Sag"it*ta"ry\, n. [See {Sagittarius}.]
1. (Myth.) A centaur; a fabulous being, half man, half horse,
armed with a bow and quiver. --Shak.
2. The Arsenal in Venice; -- so called from having a figure
of an archer over the door. --Shak.
Sagittary \Sag"it*ta*ry\, a. [L. sagittarius.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, an arrow. --Sir T. Browne.
Sagittate \Sag"it*tate\, a. [NL. sagittatus, fr. L. sagitta an
arrow.]
Shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal
angles prolonged downward.
Sagittated \Sag"it*ta`ted\, a.
Sagittal; sagittate.
Sagittocyst \Sag"it*to*cyst\, n. [See {Sagitta}, and {Cyst}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A defensive cell containing a minute rodlike structure which
may be expelled. Such cells are found in certain Turbellaria.
Sago \Sa"go\ (s[=a]"g[-o]), n. [Malay. s[=a]gu.]
A dry granulated starch imported from the East Indies, much
used for making puddings and as an article of diet for the
sick; also, as starch, for stiffening textile fabrics. It is
prepared from the stems of several East Indian and Malayan
palm trees, but chiefly from the {Metroxylon Sagu}; also from
several cycadaceous plants ({Cycas revoluta}, {Zamia
integrifolia}, etc.).
{Portland sago}, a kind of sago prepared from the corms of
the cuckoopint ({Arum maculatum}).
{Sago palm}. (Bot.)
(a) A palm tree which yields sago.
(b) A species of Cycas ({Cycas revoluta}).
{Sago spleen} (Med.), a morbid condition of the spleen,
produced by amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a
cross section shows scattered gray translucent bodies
looking like grains of sago.
Sagoin \Sa*goin"\, n. [F. sagouin(formed from the native South
American name).] (Zo["o]l.)
A marmoset; -- called also {sagouin}.
Sagum \Sa"gum\, n.; pl. {Saga}. [L. sagum, sagus; cf. Gr. ?. Cf.
{Say} a kind of serge.] (Rom. Antiq.)
The military cloak of the Roman soldiers.
Sagus \Sa"gus\, n. [NL. See {Sago}.] (Bot.)
A genus of palms from which sago is obtained.
Sagy \Sa"gy\, a.
Full of sage; seasoned with sage.
Sahib \Sa"hib\, Saheb \Sa"heb\, n. [Ar. [,c][=a]hib master,
lord, fem. [,c][=a]hibah.]
A respectful title or appellation given to Europeans of rank.
[India]
Sahibah \Sa"hi*bah\, n. [See {Sahib}.]
A lady; mistress. [India]
Sahidic \Sa*hid"ic\, a.
Same as {Thebaic}.
Sahlite \Sah"lite\, n. (Min.)
See {Salite}.
Sahui \Sa*hui"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A marmoset.
Sai \Sa"i\, n. [Cf. Pg. sahi.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Capuchin}, 3
(a) .
Saibling \Sai"bling\, n. [Dial. G.] (Zo["o]l.)
A European mountain trout ({Salvelinus alpinus}); -- called
also {Bavarian charr}.
Saic \Sa"ic\, n. [F. sa["i]que, Turk. sha["i]ka.] (Naut.)
A kind of ketch very common in the Levant, which has neither
topgallant sail nor mizzen topsail.
Said \Said\,
imp. & p. p. of {Say}.
Said \Said\, a.
Before-mentioned; already spoken of or specified; aforesaid;
-- used chiefly in legal style.
Saiga \Sai"ga\, n. [Russ. saika.] (Zo["o]l.)
An antelope ({Saiga Tartarica}) native of the plains of
Siberia and Eastern Russia. The male has erect annulated
horns, and tufts of long hair beneath the eyes and ears.
Saikyr \Sai"kyr\, n. (Mil.)
Same as {Saker}. [Obs.]
Sail \Sail\, n. [OE. seil, AS. segel, segl; akin to D. zeil,
OHG. segal, G. & Sw. segel, Icel. segl, Dan. seil. [root]
153.]
1. An extent of canvas or other fabric by means of which the
wind is made serviceable as a power for propelling vessels
through the water.
Behoves him now both sail and oar. --Milton.
2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.
3. A wing; a van. [Poetic]
Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails.
--Spenser.
4. The extended surface of the arm of a windmill.
5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft.
Note: In this sense, the plural has usually the same form as
the singular; as, twenty sail were in sight.
6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon
the water.
Note: Sails are of two general kinds, {fore-and-aft sails},
and {square sails}. Square sails are always bent to
yards, with their foot lying across the line of the
vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs
with their foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft
sail is triangular, or quadrilateral with the after
leech longer than the fore leech. Square sails are
quadrilateral, but not necessarily square. See Phrases
under {Fore}, a., and {Square}, a.; also, {Bark},
{Brig}, {Schooner}, {Ship}, {Stay}.
{Sail burton} (Naut.), a purchase for hoisting sails aloft
for bending.
{Sail fluke} (Zo["o]l.), the whiff.
{Sail hook}, a small hook used in making sails, to hold the
seams square.
{Sail loft}, a loft or room where sails are cut out and made.
{Sail room} (Naut.), a room in a vessel where sails are
stowed when not in use.
{Sail yard} (Naut.), the yard or spar on which a sail is
extended.
{Shoulder-of-mutton sail} (Naut.), a triangular sail of
peculiar form. It is chiefly used to set on a boat's mast.
{To crowd sail}. (Naut.) See under {Crowd}.
{To loose sails} (Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails.
{To make sail} (Naut.), to extend an additional quantity of
sail.
{To set a sail} (Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the
wind.
{To set sail} (Naut.), to unfurl or spread the sails; hence,
to begin a voyage.
{To shorten sail} (Naut.), to reduce the extent of sail, or
take in a part.
{To strike sail} (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly, as in
saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to
acknowledge inferiority; to abate pretension.
{Under sail}, having the sails spread.
Sail \Sail\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sailed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sailing}.] [AS. segelian, seglian. See {Sail}, n.]
1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind
upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body
of water by the action of steam or other power.
2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a
water fowl.
3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as,
they sailed from London to Canton.
4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.
5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air
without apparent exertion, as a bird.
As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he
bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, And sails upon the
bosom of the air. --Shak.
Sail \Sail\, v. t.
1. To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails;
hence, to move or journey upon (the water) by means of
steam or other force.
A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea.
--Dryden.
2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly through.
Sublime she sails The a["e]rial space, and mounts
the wing[`e]d gales. --Pope.
3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to
sail one's own ship. --Totten.
Sailable \Sail"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being sailed over; navigable; as, a sailable
river.
Sailboat \Sail"boat`\, n.
A boat propelled by a sail or sails.
Sailcloth \Sail"cloth`\, n.
Duck or canvas used in making sails.
Sailer \Sail"er\, n.
1. A sailor. [R.] --Sir P. Sidney.
2. A ship or other vessel; -- with qualifying words
descriptive of speed or manner of sailing; as, a heavy
sailer; a fast sailer.
Sailfish \Sail"fish\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The banner fish, or spikefish ({Histiophorus}.)
(b) The basking, or liver, shark.
(c) The quillback.
Sailing \Sail"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, sails; the motion of a
vessel on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of
starting on a voyage.
2. (Naut.) The art of managing a vessel; seamanship;
navigation; as, globular sailing; oblique sailing.
Note: For the several methods of sailing, see under
{Circular}, {Globular}, {Oblique}, {Parallel}, etc.
{Sailing master} (U. S. Navy), formerly, a warrant officer,
ranking next below a lieutenant, whose duties were to
navigate the vessel; and under the direction of the
executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the hold,
to the cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that
of master in 1862.
Sailless \Sail"less\, a.
Destitute of sails. --Pollok.
Sailmaker \Sail"mak`er\, n.
One whose occupation is to make or repair sails. --
{Sail"mak`ing}, n.
Sailor \Sail"or\, n.
One who follows the business of navigating ships or other
vessels; one who understands the practical management of
ships; one of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common
seaman.
Syn: Mariner; seaman; seafarer.
{Sailor's choice}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An excellent marine food fish ({Diplodus, or Lagodon,
rhomboides}) of the Southern United States; -- called
also {porgy}, {squirrel fish}, {yellowtail}, and
{salt-water bream}.
(b) A species of grunt ({Orthopristis, or Pomadasys,
chrysopterus}), an excellent food fish common on the
southern coasts of the United States; -- called also
{hogfish}, and {pigfish}.
Saily \Sail"y\, a.
Like a sail. [R.] --Drayton.
Saim \Saim\, n. [OF. sain, LL. saginum, fr. L. sagina a
fattening.]
Lard; grease. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Saimir \Sai*mir"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The squirrel monkey.
Sain \Sain\, obs. p. p. of {Say}, for sayen.
Said. --Shak.
Sain \Sain\, v. t. [Cf. Saint, Sane.]
To sanctify; to bless so as to protect from evil influence.
[R.] --Sir W. Scott.
Sainfoin \Sain"foin\ (?; 277), n. [F., fr. sain wholesome (L.
sanus; see {Sane}.) + foin hay (L. f[ae]num); or perh. fr.
saint sacred (L. sanctus; see {Saint}) + foin hay.] (Bot.)
(a) A leguminous plant ({Onobrychis sativa}) cultivated for
fodder. [Written also {saintfoin}.]
(b) A kind of tick trefoil ({Desmodium Canadense}). [Canada]
Saint \Saint\ (s[=a]nt), n. [F., fr. L. sanctus sacred, properly
p. p. of sancire to render sacred by a religious act, to
appoint as sacred; akin to sacer sacred. Cf. {Sacred},
{Sanctity}, {Sanctum}, {Sanctus}.]
1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent
for piety and virtue; any true Christian, as being
redeemed and consecrated to God.
Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to
be saints. --1 Cor. i. 2.
2. One of the blessed in heaven.
Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure
Far separate, circling thy holy mount, Unfeigned
hallelujahs to thee sing. --Milton.
3. (Eccl.) One canonized by the church. [Abbrev. St.]
{Saint Andrew's cross}.
(a) A cross shaped like the letter X. See Illust. 4, under
{Cross}.
(b) (Bot.) A low North American shrub ({Ascyrum
Crux-Andre[ae]}, the petals of which have the form of
a Saint Andrew's cross. --Gray.
{Saint Anthony's cross}, a T-shaped cross. See Illust. 6,
under {Cross}.
{Saint Anthony's fire}, the erysipelas; -- popularly so
called because it was supposed to have been cured by the
intercession of Saint Anthony.
{Saint Anthony's nut} (Bot.), the groundnut ({Bunium
flexuosum}); -- so called because swine feed on it, and
St. Anthony was once a swineherd. --Dr. Prior.
{Saint Anthony's turnip} (Bot.), the bulbous crowfoot, a
favorite food of swine. --Dr. Prior.
{Saint Barnaby's thistle} (Bot.), a kind of knapweed
({Centaurea solstitialis}) flowering on St. Barnabas's
Day, June 11th. --Dr. Prior.
{Saint Bernard} (Zo["o]l.), a breed of large, handsome dogs
celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred
chiefly at the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but
now common in Europe and America. There are two races, the
smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See Illust. under
{Dog}.
{Saint Catharine's flower} (Bot.), the plant love-in-a-mist.
See under {Love}.
{Saint Cuthbert's beads} (Paleon.), the fossil joints of
crinoid stems.
{Saint Dabeoc's heath} (Bot.), a heatherlike plant
({Dab[oe]cia polifolia}), named from an Irish saint.
{Saint Distaff's Day}. See under {Distaff}.
{Saint Elmo's fire}, a luminous, flamelike appearance,
sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some
prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead
and the yardarms. It has also been observed on land, and
is due to the discharge of electricity from elevated or
pointed objects. A single flame is called a {Helena}, or a
{Corposant}; a double, or twin, flame is called a {Castor
and Pollux}, or a {double Corposant}. It takes its name
from St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors.
{Saint George's cross} (Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a
field argent, the field being represented by a narrow
fimbriation in the ensign, or union jack, of Great
Britain.
{Saint George's ensign}, a red cross on a white field with a
union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the
distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of
England; -- called also {the white ensign}. --Brande & C.
{Saint George's flag}, a smaller flag resembling the ensign,
but without the union jack; used as the sign of the
presence and command of an admiral. [Eng.] --Brande & C.
{Saint Gobain glass} (Chem.), a fine variety of soda-lime
plate glass, so called from St. Gobain in France, where it
was manufactured.
{Saint Ignatius's bean} (Bot.), the seed of a tree of the
Philippines ({Strychnos Ignatia}), of properties similar
to the nux vomica.
{Saint James's shell} (Zo["o]l.), a pecten ({Vola
Jacob[ae]us}) worn by pilgrims to the Holy Land. See
Illust. under {Scallop}.
{Saint James's-wort} (Bot.), a kind of ragwort ({Senecio
Jacob[ae]a}).
{Saint John's bread}. (Bot.) See {Carob}.
{Saint John's-wort} (Bot.), any plant of the genus
{Hypericum}, most species of which have yellow flowers; --
called also {John's-wort}.
{Saint Leger}, the name of a race for three-year-old horses
run annually in September at Doncaster, England; --
instituted in 1776 by Col. St. Leger.
{Saint Martin's herb} (Bot.), a small tropical American
violaceous plant ({Sauvagesia erecta}). It is very
mucilaginous and is used in medicine.
{Saint Martin's summer}, a season of mild, damp weather
frequently prevailing during late autumn in England and
the Mediterranean countries; -- so called from St.
Martin's Festival, occurring on November 11. It
corresponds to the Indian summer in America. --Shak.
--Whittier.
{Saint Patrick's cross}. See Illust. 4, under {Cross}.
{Saint Patrick's Day}, the 17th of March, anniversary of the
death (about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and patron
saint of Ireland.
{Saint Peter's fish}. (Zo["o]l.) See {John Dory}, under
{John}.
{Saint Peter's-wort} (Bot.), a name of several plants, as
{Hypericum Ascyron}, {H. quadrangulum}, {Ascyrum stans},
etc.
{Saint Peter's wreath} (Bot.), a shrubby kind of Spir[ae]a
({S. hypericifolia}), having long slender branches covered
with clusters of small white blossoms in spring.
{Saint's bell}. See {Sanctus bell}, under {Sanctus}.
{Saint Vitus's dance} (Med.), chorea; -- so called from the
supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.
Saint \Saint\ (s[=a]nt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sainted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sainting}.]
To make a saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical
act, as of the pope; to canonize; to give the title or
reputation of a saint to (some one).
A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been
beatified, though never sainted. --Addison.
{To saint it}, to act as a saint, or with a show of piety.
Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. --Pope.
Saint \Saint\, v. i.
To act or live as a saint. [R.] --Shak.
Saintdom \Saint"dom\ (-d[u^]m), n.
The state or character of a saint. [R.] --Tennyson.
Sainted \Saint"ed\, a.
1. Consecrated; sacred; holy; pious. ``A most sainted king.''
--Shak.
Amongst the enthroned gods on sainted seats.
--Milton.
2. Entered into heaven; -- a euphemism for {dead}.
Saintess \Saint"ess\, n.
A female saint. [R.] --Bp. Fisher.
Sainthood \Saint"hood\, n.
1. The state of being a saint; the condition of a saint.
--Walpole.
2. The order, or united body, of saints; saints, considered
collectively.
It was supposed he felt no call to any expedition
that might endanger the reign of the military
sainthood. --Sir W.
Scott.
Saintish \Saint"ish\, a.
Somewhat saintlike; -- used ironically.
Saintism \Saint"ism\, n.
The character or quality of saints; also, hypocritical
pretense of holiness. --Wood.
Saintlike \Saint"like`\, a.
Resembling a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a saint;
saintly.
Glossed over only with a saintlike show. --Dryden.
Saintliness \Saint"li*ness\, n.
Quality of being saintly.
Saintly \Saint"ly\, a. [Compar. {Saintlier}; superl.
{Saintliest}.]
Like a saint; becoming a holy person.
So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity. --Milton.
Saintologist \Saint*ol"o*gist\, n. [Saint + -logy + -ist.]
(Theol.)
One who writes the lives of saints. [R.]
Saintship \Saint"ship\, n.
The character or qualities of a saint.
Saint-Simonian \Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an\, n.
A follower of the Count de St. Simon, who died in 1825, and
who maintained that the principle of property held in common,
and the just division of the fruits of common labor among the
members of society, are the true remedy for the social evils
which exist. --Brande & C.
Saint-Simonianism \Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism\, n.
The principles, doctrines, or practice of the
Saint-Simonians; -- called also {Saint- Simonism}.
Saith \Saith\,
3d pers. sing. pres. of {Say}. [Archaic]
Saithe \Saithe\, n. [Gael. saoidheam.] (Zo["o]l.)
The pollock, or coalfish; -- called also {sillock}. [Scot.]
Saiva \Sai"va\ (? or ?), n. [Skr. [,c]aiva devoted to Siva.]
One of an important religious sect in India which regards
Siva with peculiar veneration.
Saivism \Sai"vism\, n.
The worship of Siva.
Sajene \Sa*jene"\, n.
Same as {Sagene}.
Sajou \Sa"jou\ (?; F. ?), n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Sapajou}.
Sake \Sake\ (s[=a]k), n. [OE. sake cause, also, lawsuit, fault,
AS. sacu strife, a cause or suit at law; akin to D. zaak
cause, thing, affair, G. sache thing, cause in law, OHG.
sahha, Icel. s["o]k, Sw. sak, Dan. sag, Goth. sakj[=o]
strife, AS. sacan to contend, strive, Goth. sakam, Icel. saka
to contend, strive, blame, OHG. sahhan, MHG. sachen, to
contend, strive, defend one's right, accuse, charge in a
lawsuit, and also to E. seek. Cf. {Seek}.]
Final cause; end; purpose of obtaining; cause; motive;
reason; interest; concern; account; regard or respect; --
used chiefly in such phrases as, for the sake of, for his
sake, for man's sake, for mercy's sake, and the like; as, to
commit crime for the sake of gain; to go abroad for the sake
of one's health.
Moved with wrath and shame and ladies' sake. --Spenser.
I will not again curse the ground any more for man's
sake. --Gen. viii.
21.
Will he draw out, For anger's sake, finite to infinite?
--Milton.
Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for the
sake of knowledge. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Note: The -s of the possessive case preceding sake is
sometimes omitted for euphony; as, for goodness sake.
``For conscience sake.'' --1 Cor. x. 28. The plural
sakes is often used with a possessive plural. ``For
both our sakes.'' --Shak.
Saker \Sa"ker\ (s[=a]"k[~e]r), n. [F. sacre (cf. It. sagro, Sp.
& Pg. sacre), either fr. L. sacer sacred, holy, as a
translation of Gr. "ie`rax falcon, from "iero`s holy, or more
probably from Ar. [,c]aqr hawk.] [Written also {sacar},
{sacre}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A falcon ({Falco sacer}) native of Southern Europe and
Asia, closely resembling the lanner.
Note: The female is called {chargh}, and the male
{charghela}, or {sakeret}.
(b) The peregrine falcon. [Prov. Eng.]
2. (Mil.) A small piece of artillery. --Wilhelm.
On the bastions were planted culverins and sakers.
--Macaulay.
The culverins and sakers showing their deadly
muzzles over the rampart. --Hawthorne.
Sakeret \Sa"ker*et\ (s[=a]"k[~e]r*[e^]t), n. [F. sacret. See
{Saker}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The male of the saker
(a) .
Saki \Sa"ki\ (s[=a]"k[i^]), n. [Cf. F. & Pg. saki; probably from
the native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the
genus {Pithecia}. They have large ears, and a long hairy tail
which is not prehensile.
Note: The black saki ({Pithecia satanas}), the white-headed
({P. leucocephala}), and the red-backed, or
hand-drinking, saki ({P. chiropotes}), are among the
best-known.
Saki \Sa"ki\ (s[aum]"k[-e]), n.
The alcoholic drink of Japan. It is made from rice.
Sakti \Sak"ti\, n. [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.)
The divine energy, personified as the wife of a deity
(Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female principle.
Sal \Sal\ (s[add]l), n. [Hind. s[=a]l, Skr. [,c][=a]la.] (Bot.)
An East Indian timber tree ({Shorea robusta}), much used for
building purposes. It is of a light brown color,
close-grained, heavy, and durable. [Written also {saul}.]
Sal \Sal\ (s[a^]l), n. [L. See {Salt}.] (Chem. & Pharm.)
Salt.
{Sal absinthii} [NL.] (Old Chem.), an impure potassium
carbonate obtained from the ashes of wormwood ({Artemisia
Absinthium}).
{Sal acetosell[ae]} [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt of sorrel.
{Sal alembroth}. (Old Chem.) See {Alembroth}.
{Sal ammoniac} (Chem.), ammonium chloride, {NH4Cl}, a white
crystalline volatile substance having a sharp salty taste,
obtained from gas works, from nitrogenous matter, etc. It
is largely employed as a source of ammonia, as a reagent,
and as an expectorant in bronchitis. So called because
originally made from the soot from camel's dung at the
temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also {muriate of
ammonia}.
{Sal catharticus} [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), Epsom salts.
{Sal culinarius} [L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or sodium
chloride.
{Sal Cyrenaicus}. [NL.] (Old Chem.) See {Sal ammoniac} above.
{Sal de duobus}, {Sal duplicatum} [NL.] (Old Chem.),
potassium sulphate; -- so called because erroneously
supposed to be composed of two salts, one acid and one
alkaline.
{Sal diureticus} [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), potassium acetate.
{Sal enixum} [NL.] (Old Chem.), acid potassium sulphate.
{Sal gemm[ae]} [NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring native.
{Sal Jovis} [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride;
-- the alchemical name of tin being Jove.
{Sal Martis} [NL.] (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or ferrous
sulphate; -- the alchemical name of iron being Mars.
{Sal microcosmicum} [NL.] (Old Chem.) See {Microcosmic salt},
under {Microcosmic}.
{Sal plumbi} [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead.
{Sal prunella}. (Old Chem.) See {Prunella salt}, under 1st
{Prunella}.
{Sal Saturni} [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or lead
acetate; -- the alchemical name of lead being Saturn.
{Sal sedativus} [NL.] (Old Chem.), sedative salt, or boric
acid.
{Sal Seignette} [F. seignette, sel de seignette] (Chem.),
Rochelle salt.
{Sal soda} (Chem.), sodium carbonate. See under {Sodium}.
{Sal vitrioli} [NL.] (Old Chem.), white vitriol; zinc
sulphate.
{Sal volatile}. [NL.]
(a) (Chem.) See {Sal ammoniac}, above.
(b) Spirits of ammonia.
Salaam \Sa*laam"\ (s[.a]*l[aum]m"), n.
Same as {Salam}.
Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the
exciseman just as he was folding up that letter.
--Prof.
Wilson.
Salaam \Sa*laam"\, v. i.
To make or perform a salam.
I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. --H. James.
Salability \Sal`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or condition of being salable; salableness.
--Duke of Argyll.
Salable \Sal"a*ble\, a. [From {Sale}.]
Capable of being sold; fit to be sold; finding a ready
market. -- {Sal"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Sal"a*bly}, adv.
Salacious \Sa*la"cious\, n. [L. salax, -acis, fond of leaping,
lustful, fr. salire to leap. See {Salient}.]
Having a propensity to venery; lustful; lecherous. --Dryden.
-- {Sa*la"cious*ly}, adv. -- {Sa*la"cious*ness}, n.
Salacity \Sa*lac"i*ty\, n. [L. salacitas: cf. F. salacit['e]]
Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.
Salad \Sal"ad\ (s[a^]l"ad), n. [F. salade, OIt. salata, It.
insalata, fr. salare to salt, fr. L. sal salt. See {Salt},
and cf. {Slaw}.]
1. A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water
cress, onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar,
oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a relish to other
food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc.
Leaves eaten raw are termed salad. --I. Watts.
2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or
lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and
seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments;
as, chicken salad; lobster salad.
{Salad burnet} (Bot.), the common burnet ({Poterium
Sanguisorba}), sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.
Salade \Sal"ade\, n.
A helmet. See {Sallet}.
Salading \Sal"ad*ing\, n.
Vegetables for salad.
Salaeratus \Sal`[ae]*ra"tus\, n.
See {Saleratus}.
Salagane \Sal"a*gane\, n. [From the Chinese name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The esculent swallow. See under {Esculent}.
Salal-berry \Sal"al-ber`ry\, n. [Probably of American Indian
origin.] (Bot.)
The edible fruit of the {Gaultheria Shallon}, an ericaceous
shrub found from California northwards. The berries are about
the size of a common grape and of a dark purple color.
Salam \Sa*lam\ (s[.a]*l[aum]m"), n. [Ar. sal[=a]m peace,
safety.]
A salutation or compliment of ceremony in the east by word or
act; an obeisance, performed by bowing very low and placing
the right palm on the forehead. [Written also {salaam}.]
Salamander \Sal"a*man`der\, n. [F. salamandre, L. salamandra,
Gr. ?; cf. Per. samander, samandel.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of Urodela,
belonging to {Salamandra}, {Amblystoma}, {Plethodon}, and
various allied genera, especially those that are more or
less terrestrial in their habits.
Note: The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body,
four feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of
scales. They are true Amphibia, related to the frogs.
Formerly, it was a superstition that the salamander
could live in fire without harm, and even extinguish it
by the natural coldness of its body.
I have maintained that salamander of yours with
fire any time this two and thirty years. --Shak.
Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander
extinguisheth fire, we have found by experience
that on hot coals, it dieth immediately. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The pouched gopher ({Geomys tuza}) of the
Southern United States.
3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is
heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.
4. A large poker. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
5. (Metal.) Solidified material in a furnace hearth.
{Giant salamander}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Giant}.
{Salamander's} {hair or wool} (Min.), a species of asbestus
or mineral flax. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Salamandrina \Sal`a*man*dri"na\, n.; pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of Urodela, comprising salamanders.
Salamandrine \Sal`a*man"drine\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander; enduring
fire. --Addison.
Salamandroid \Sal`a*man"droid\, a. [Salamander + -oid.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to the salamanders.
Salamandroidea \Sal`a*man*droi"de*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Amphibia including the Salamanders and allied
groups; the Urodela.
Salamstone \Sal"am*stone`\ (? or ?), n. (Min.)
A kind of blue sapphire brought from Ceylon. --Dana.
Salangana \Sa*lan"ga*na\, n.
The salagane.
Salaried \Sal"a*ried\, a.
Receiving a salary; paid by a salary; having a salary
attached; as, a salaried officer; a salaried office.
Salary \Sal"a*ry\, a. [L. salarius.]
Saline [Obs.]
Salary \Sal"a*ry\, n.; pl. {Salaries}. [F. salaire, L. salarium,
originally, salt money, the money given to the Roman soldiers
for salt, which was a part of their pay, fr. salarius
belonging to salt, fr. sal salt. See {Salt}.]
The recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be
paid, to a person at regular intervals for services; fixed
wages, as by the year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire.
This is hire and salary, not revenge. --Shak.
Note: Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by, short
intervals, as a day or week, is usually called wages.
Syn: Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.
Salary \Sal"a*ry\ v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Salaried}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Salarying}.]
To pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to;
as, to salary a clerk; to salary a position.
Sale \Sale\, n.
See 1st {Sallow}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Sale \Sale\, n. [Icel. sala, sal, akin to E. sell. See {Sell},
v. t.]
1. The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a
contract to transfer the ownership of property, from one
person to another for a valuable consideration, or for a
price in money.
2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market.
They shall have ready sale for them. --Spenser.
3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of
goods in market; auction. --Sir W. Temple.
{Bill of sale}. See under {Bill}.
{Of sale}, {On sale}, {For sale}, to be bought or sold;
offered to purchasers; in the market.
{To set to sale}, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase;
to make merchandise of. [Obs.] --Milton.
Saleable \Sale"a*ble\, a., Saleably \Sale"a*bly\, adv., etc.
See {Salable}, {Salably}, etc.
Saleb \Sal"eb\, n. (Med.)
See {Salep}.
Salebrosity \Sal`e*bros"i*ty\, n.
Roughness or ruggedness. [Obs.] --Feltham.
Salebrous \Sal"e*brous\, a. [L. salebrosus, fr. salebra a rugged
road, fr. salire to leap.]
Rough; rugged. [Obs.]
Salep \Sal"ep\ (s[a^]l"[e^]p), n. [Ar. sahleb, perhaps a
corruption of an Arabic word for fox, one Ar. name of the
orchis signifying literally, fox's testicles: cf. F. salep.]
[Written also {saleb}, {salop}, and {saloop}.]
The dried tubers of various species of {Orchis}, and
{Eulophia}. It is used to make a nutritious beverage by
treating the powdered preparation with hot water. --U. S.
Disp.
Saleratus \Sal`e*ra"tus\, n. [NL. sal a["e]ratus; -- so called
because it is a source of fixed air (carbon dioxide). See
{Sal}, and and {A["e]rated}.] (Old Chem.)
A["e]rated salt; a white crystalline substance having an
alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate
(see under {Sodium}.) It is largely used in cooking, with
sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute
for yeast. It is also an ingredient of most baking powders,
and is used in the preparation of effervescing drinks.
Salesman \Sales"man\ (s[=a]lz"man), n.; pl. {Salesmen} (-men).
[Sale + man.]
One who sells anything; one whose occupation is to sell goods
or merchandise.
Saleswoman \Sales"wom`an\, n.; pl. {Saleswomen}.
A woman whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.
Salework \Sale"work`\, n.
Work or things made for sale; hence, work done carelessly or
slightingly. --Shak.
Salian \Sa"lian\, a.
Denoting a tribe of Franks who established themselves early
in the fourth century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic.
-- n. A Salian Frank.
Saliant \Sa"li*ant\, a. (Her.)
Same as {Salient}.
Saliaunce \Sal"i*aunce\, a. [See {Sally}.]
Salience; onslaught. [Obs.] ``So fierce saliaunce.''
--Spenser.
Salic \Sal"ic\ (s[a^]l"[i^]k), a. [F. salique, fr. the Salian
Franks, who, in the fifth century, formed a body of laws
called in Latin leges Salic[ae].]
Of or pertaining to the Salian Franks, or to the Salic law so
called. [Also {salique}.]
{Salic law}.
(a) A code of laws formed by the Salian Franks in the fifth
century. By one provision of this code women were
excluded from the inheritance of landed property.
(b) Specifically, in modern times, a law supposed to be a
special application of the above-mentioned provision, in
accordance with which males alone can inherit the throne.
This law has obtained in France, and at times in other
countries of Europe, as Spain.
Salicaceous \Sal`i*ca"ceous\ (s[a^]l`[i^]*k[=a]"sh[u^]s), a. [L.
salix, -icis, the willow.]
Belonging or relating to the willow.
Salicin \Sal"i*cin\, n. [L. salix, -icis, a willow: cf. F.
salicine. See {Sallow} the tree.] (Chem.)
A glucoside found in the bark and leaves of several species
of willow ({Salix}) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter
white crystalline substance.
Salicyl \Sal"i*cyl\, n. [Salicin + -yl.] (Chem.)
The hypothetical radical of salicylic acid and of certain
related compounds.
Salicylal \Sal"i*cyl`al\, n. [Salicylic + aldehide.] (Chem.)
A thin, fragrant, colorless oil, {HO.C6H4.CHO}, found in the
flowers of meadow sweet ({Spir[ae]a}), and also obtained by
oxidation of salicin, saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure.
Called also {salicylol}, {salicylic aldehyde}, and formerly
{salicylous, or spiroylous, acid}.
Salicylate \Sal"i*cyl`ate\ (-[asl]t), n. (Chem.)
A salt of salicylic acid.
Salicylic \Sal`i*cyl"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly
obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now
made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the
action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a
white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and
in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also
{hydroxybenzoic} acid.
Salicylide \Sal"i*cyl`ide\, n. [Salicylic + anhydride.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of
salicylic acid.
Salicylite \Sal"i*cyl`ite\, n. (Chem.)
A compound of salicylal; -- named after the analogy of a
salt.
Salicylol \Sal"i*cyl`ol\, n. [Salicylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
Same as {Salicylal}.
Salicylous \Sa*lic"y*lous\ (? or ?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a substance formerly called
salicylous acid, and now salicylal. [Obs.]
Salience \Sa"li*ence\, n. [See {Salient}.]
1. The quality or condition of being salient; a leaping; a
springing forward; an assaulting.
2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected;
projection; protrusion. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Saliency \Sa"li*en*cy\, n.
Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. ``A fatal lack of
poetic saliency.'' --J. Morley.
Salient \Sa"li*ent\, a. [L. saliens, -entis, p. pr. of salire to
leap; cf. F. saillant. See {Sally}, n. & v. i..]
1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping.
``Frogs and salient animals.'' --Sir T. Browne.
2. Shooting out or up; springing; projecting.
He had in himself a salient, living spring of
generous and manly action. --Burke.
3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention;
prominent; conspicuous; noticeable.
He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor
general comprehensiveness of mind. --Bancroft.
4. (Math. & Fort.) Projecting outwardly; as, a salient angle;
-- opposed to {re["e]ntering}. See Illust. of {Bastion}.
5. (Her.) Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion
salient.
{Salient angle}. See {Salient}, a., 4.
{Salient polygon} (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are
salient.
{Salient polyhedron} (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid
angles are salient.
Salient \Sa"li*ent\, a. (Fort.)
A salient angle or part; a projection.
Saliently \Sa"li*ent*ly\, adv.
In a salient manner.
Saliferous \Sa*lif"er*ous\, a. [L. sal salt + -ferous.]
Producing, or impregnated with, salt.
{Saliferous rocks} (Geol.), the New Red Sandstone system of
some geologists; -- so called because, in Europe, this
formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds of
New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the
Upper Silurian. See the Chart of {Geology}.
Salifiable \Sal"i*fi`a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. salifiable. See
{Salify}.] (Chem.)
Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; -- said of
bases; thus, ammonia is salifiable.
Salification \Sal`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. salification.]
(Chem.)
The act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being
salified.
Salify \Sal"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Salified}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Salifying}.] [F. salifier; from L. sal salt + -ficare
(only in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.] (Chem.)
(a) To combine or impregnate with a salt.
(b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to
salify a base or an acid.
Saligenin \Sa*lig"e*nin\, n. [Salicin + -gen.] (Chem.)
A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin,
as a white crystalline substance; -- called also
{hydroxy-benzyl alcohol}.
Saligot \Sal"i*got\, n. [F.] (Bot.)
The water chestnut ({Trapa natans}).
Salimeter \Sal*im"e*ter\, n. [L. sal salt + -meter.]
An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any
given solution. [Written also {salometer}.]
Salimetry \Sal*im"e*try\, n.
The art or process of measuring the amount of salt in a
substance.
Salina \Sa*li"na\, n. [Cf. L. salinae, pl., salt works, from sal
salt. See {Saline}, a.]
1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.
2. Salt works.
Salina period \Sa*li"na pe"ri*od\ [So called from Salina, a town
in New York.] (Geol.)
The period in which the American Upper Silurian system,
containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was
formed. See the Chart of {Geology}.
Salination \Sal`i*na"tion\, n.
The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs.] --Greenhill.
Saline \Sa"line\ (? or ?; 277), a. [F. salin, fr. L. sal salt:
cf. L. salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See {Salt}.]
1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline
particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic.
2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.
Saline \Sa"line\ (? or ?; 277), n. [Cf. F. saline. See {Saline},
a.]
A salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the
earth.
Saline \Sal"ine\, n.
1. (Chem.) A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues
and other similar sources. [Written also {salin}.]
2. (Med. Chem.) A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium,
sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.
Salineness \Sa*line"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being salt; saltness.
Saliniferous \Sal`i*nif"er*ous\, a. [Saline + -ferous.]
Same as {Saliferous}.
Saliniform \Sa*lin"i*form\, a.
Having the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of
common salt.
Salinity \Sa*lin"i*ty\, n.
Salineness. --Carpenter.
Salinometer \Sal`i*nom"e*ter\, n. [Saline + -meter.]
A salimeter.
Salinous \Sa*lin"ous\, a.
Saline. [Obs.]
Salique \Sal"ique\ (? or ?), a. [F.]
Salic. --Shak.
She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique. --Tennyson.
Saliretin \Sal`i*re"tin\, n. [Saligenin + Gr. ? resin.] (Chem.)
A yellow amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action
of dilute acids on saligenin.
Salisburia \Sal`is*bu"ri*a\, n. [Named after R. A. Salisbury, an
English botanist.] (Bot.)
The ginkgo tree ({Ginkgo biloba}, or {Salisburia
adiantifolia}).
Salite \Sal"ite\, v. t. [L. salitus, p. p. of salire to salt,
fr. sal salt.]
To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]
Salite \Sa"lite\, n. [So called from Sala, a town in Sweden.]
(Min.)
A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green
color. [Written also {sahlite}.]
Saliva \Sa*li"va\, n. [L.; cf. Gr. ?.] (Physiol.)
The secretion from the salivary glands.
Note: In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty
viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is
secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual
glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the
secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from
the individual salivary glands have their own special
characteristics, and these are not the same in all
animals. In man and many animals mixed saliva, i.e.,
saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the
salivary glands, is an important digestive fluid on
account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme,
ptyalin.
Salival \Sa*li"val\ (?; 277), a.
Salivary.
Salivant \Sal"i*vant\, a. [L. salivans, p. pr. of salivare. See
{Salivate}.]
Producing salivation.
Salivant \Sal"i*vant\, n.
That which produces salivation.
Salivary \Sal"i*va*ry\, a. [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F.
salivaire.] (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as,
the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary
ducts, etc.
Salivate \Sal"i*vate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Salivated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Salivating}.] [L. salivatus, p. p. of salivare to
salivate. See {Saliva}.]
To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce
salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury.
Salivation \Sal`i*va"tion\, n. [L. salivatio: cf. F.
salivation.] (Physiol.)
The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of
saliva, often accompanied with soreness of the mouth and
gums; ptyalism.
Note: It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical
stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless
substance like rubber, or indirectly by some agent
which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.
Salivous \Sa*li"vous\, a. [L. salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.]
Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.
Salix \Sa"lix\, n.; pl. {Salices}. [L., the willow.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier,
and the like, growing usually in wet grounds.
(b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.
Sallenders \Sal"len*ders\, n. pl. [F. solandres, solandre.]
(Far.)
An eruption on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also
{sellanders}, and {sellenders}.]
On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as
well as at the bend of the knee, there is occasionally
a scurfy eruption called ``mallenders'' in the fore
leg, and ``sallenders'' in the hind leg. --Youatt.
Sallet \Sal"let\ (s[a^]l"l[e^]t), n. [F. salade, Sp. celada, or
It. celata, fr. L. (cassis) caelata, fr. caelare, caelatum,
to engrave in relief. So called from the figures engraved
upon it.]
A light kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced
during the 15th century. [Written also {salade}.]
Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be
saved. --Latimer.
Sallet \Sal"let\, Salleting \Sal"let*ing\, n.
Salad. [Obs.] --Shak.
Salliance \Sal"li*ance\, n.
Salience. [Obs.]
Sallow \Sal"low\ (s[a^]l"l[-o]), n. [OE. salwe, AS. sealh; akin
to OHG. salaha, G. salweide, Icel. selja, L. salix, Ir. sail,
saileach, Gael. seileach, W. helyg, Gr. "eli`kh.]
1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] --Tennyson.
And bend the pliant sallow to a shield. --Fawkes.
The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb. --Emerson.
2. (Bot.) A name given to certain species of willow,
especially those which do not have flexible shoots, as
{Salix caprea}, {S. cinerea}, etc.
{Sallow thorn} (Bot.), a European thorny shrub ({Hippophae
rhamnoides}) much like an El[ae]agnus. The yellow berries
are sometimes used for making jelly, and the plant affords
a yellow dye.
Sallow \Sal"low\, a. [Compar. {Sallower}; superl. {Sallowest}.]
[AS. salu; akin to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel. s["o]lr
yellow.]
Having a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged
with yellow; as, a sallow skin. --Shak.
Sallow \Sal"low\, v. t.
To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic]
July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields. --Lowell.
Sallowish \Sal"low*ish\, a.
Somewhat sallow. --Dickens.
Sallowness \Sal"low*ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being sallow. --Addison.
Sally \Sal"ly\ (s[a^]l"l[y^]), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sallied}
(-l[i^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Sallying}.] [F. saillir, fr. L.
salire to leap, spring, akin to Gr. "a`llesqai; cf. Skr.
s[.r] to go, to flow. Cf. {Salient}, {Assail}, {Assault},
{Exult}, {Insult}, {Saltation}, {Saltire}.]
To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a
body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to
make a sally.
They break the truce, and sally out by night. --Dryden.
The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying host.
--Byron.
Sally \Sal"ly\, n.; pl. {Sallies}. [F. saillie, fr. saillir. See
Sally, v.]
1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.
2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden
eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place
besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie.
Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were
beaten in with loss. --Bacon.
3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression;
deviation.
Every one shall know a country better that makes
often sallies into it, and traverses it up and down,
than he that . . . goes still round in the same
track. --Locke.
4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a
flashing forth of a quick and active mind.
The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his
sallies. --Sir W.
Scott.
5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness;
act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade.
The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth.
--Sir H.
Wotton.
{Sally port}.
(a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from
the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress
for troops in a sortie.
(b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship,
for the escape of the men into boats when the train is
fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker
or a large modern ironclad.
Sally Lunn \Sal"ly Lunn"\ [From a woman, Sally Lunn, who is said
to have first made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of
Bath, Eng.]
A tea cake slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in
the form of biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with
butter.
Sallyman \Sal"ly*man\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The velella; -- called also {saleeman}.
Salm \Salm\, n.
Psalm. [Obs2E] --Piers Plowman.
Salmagundi \Sal`ma*gun"di\, n. [F. salmigondis, of uncertain
origin; perhaps from L. salgama condita, pl.; salgama pickles
+ condita preserved (see {Condite}); or from the Countess
Salmagondi, lady of honor to Maria de Medici, who is said to
have invented it; or cf. It. salame salt meat, and F. salmis
a ragout.]
1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil,
vinegar, pepper, and onions. --Johnson.
2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio or
medley; a potpourri; a miscellany. --W. Irving.
Salmi \Sal"mi\, n. (Cookery)
Same as {Salmis}.
Salmiac \Sal"mi*ac\, n. [Cf. F. salmiac, G. salmiak.] (Old
Chem.)
Sal ammoniac. See under {Sal}.
Salmis \Sal`mis"\, n. [F.] (Cookery)
A ragout of partly roasted game stewed with sauce, wine,
bread, and condiments suited to provoke appetite.
Salmon \Salm"on\ (s[a^]m"[u^]n), n.; pl. {Salmons} (-[u^]nz) or
(collectively) {Salmon}. [OE. saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr.
L. salmo, salmonis, perhaps from salire to leap. Cf. {Sally},
v.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of fishes of the
genus {Salmo} and allied genera. The common salmon ({Salmo
salar}) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and
the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important
species. They are extensively preserved for food. See
{Quinnat}.
Note: The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head
streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes,
and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in
the way of their progress. The common salmon has been
known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds;
more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five
pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and
grilse. Among the true salmons are:
{Black salmon}, or {Lake salmon}, the namaycush.
{Dog salmon}, a salmon of Western North America
({Oncorhynchus keta}).
{Humpbacked salmon}, a Pacific-coast salmon ({Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha}).
{King salmon}, the quinnat.
{Landlocked salmon}, a variety of the common salmon (var.
{Sebago}), long confined in certain lakes in consequence
of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the
sea. This last is called also {dwarf salmon}.
Note: Among fishes of other families which are locally and
erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called
{jack salmon}; the spotted, or southern, squeteague;
the cabrilla, called {kelp salmon}; young pollock,
called {sea salmon}; and the California yellowtail.
2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the
salmon.
{Salmon berry} (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from
Alaska to California, the fruit of the {Rubus Nutkanus}.
{Salmon killer} (Zo["o]l.), a stickleback ({Gasterosteus
cataphractus}) of Western North America and Northern Asia.
{Salmon ladder}, {Salmon stair}. See {Fish ladder}, under
{Fish}.
{Salmon peel}, a young salmon.
{Salmon pipe}, a certain device for catching salmon. --Crabb.
{Salmon trout}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European sea trout ({Salmo trutta}). It resembles
the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more
numerous scales.
(b) The American namaycush.
(c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black
spotted trout ({Salmo purpuratus}), and to the steel
head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.
Salmon \Salm"on\, a.
Of a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh
of the salmon.
Salmonet \Salm"on*et\, n. [Cf. Samlet.] (Zo["o]l.)
A salmon of small size; a samlet.
Salmonoid \Sal"mon*oid\, a. [Salmon + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like, or pertaining to, the {Salmonid[ae]}, a family of
fishes including the trout and salmon. -- n. Any fish of the
family {Salmonid[ae]}.
Salogen \Sal"o*gen\, n. [L. sal salt + -gen.] (Chem.)
A halogen. [Obs.]
Salol \Sal"ol\, n. [Salicylic + -ol.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance consisting of phenol
salicylate.
salometer \sa*lom"e*ter\, n.
See {Salimeter}.
Salomtry \Sa*lom"*try\, n.
Salimetry.
Salon \Sa`lon"\, n. [F. See {Saloon}.]
An apartment for the reception of company; hence, in the
plural, fashionable parties; circles of fashionable society.
Saloon \Sa*loon"\ (s[.a]*l[=oo]n"), n. [F. salon (cf. It.
salone), fr. F. salle a large room, a hall, of German or
Dutch origin; cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G. saal; akin to AS.
s[ae]l, sele, D. zaal, Icel. salr, Goth. saljan to dwell, and
probably to L. solum ground. Cf. {Sole} of the foot, {Soil}
ground, earth.]
1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of
company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a
hall for public entertainments or amusements; a large room
or parlor; as, the saloon of a steamboat.
The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of
the realm . . . gave banquets and balls. --Macaulay.
2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a
barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating
saloon; a dancing saloon.
We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low
dancing saloons [at Athens.] --J. P.
Mahaffy.
Saloop \Sa*loop"\ (s[.a]*l[=oo]p"), n.
An aromatic drink prepared from sassafras bark and other
ingredients, at one time much used in London. --J. Smith
(Dict. Econ. Plants).
{Saloop bush} (Bot.), an Australian shrub ({Rhagodia
hastata}) of the Goosefoot family, used for fodder.
Salp \Salp\ (s[a^]lp), n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of Salpa, or of the family {Salpid[ae]}.
Salpa \Sal"pa\ (s[a^]l"p[.a]), n.; pl. L. {Salp[ae]} (-p[=e]),
E. {Salpas} (-p[.a]z). [NL.: cf. L. salpa a kind of
stockfish.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic
tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Note: Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of which
lives solitary, and produces, by budding from an
internal organ, a series of the other kind. These are
united together, side by side, so as to form a chain,
or cluster, often of large size. Each of the
individuals composing the chain carries a single egg,
which develops into the solitary kind.
Salpian \Sal"pi*an\, Salpid \Sal"pid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A salpa.
Salpicon \Sal"pi*con\, n. [F. salpicon, Sp. salpicon.]
Chopped meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or
other joints; stuffing; farce. --Bacon.
Salpingitis \Sal`pin*gi"tis\, n. [NL. See {Salpinx}, and
{-itis}.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the salpinx.
Salpinx \Sal"pinx\, n. [NL., from Gr. ?, ?, a trumpet.] (Old
Anat.)
The Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.
Salsafy \Sal"sa*fy\, n. (Bot.)
See {Salsify}.
Salsamentarious \Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous\, a. [L. salsamentarius,
fr. salsamentum brine, pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p. p.
of salire to salt.]
Salt; salted; saline. [R.]
Salse \Salse\, n. [F.]
A mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with
salts, whence the name.
Salsify \Sal"si*fy\ (?; 277), n. [F. salsifis.] (Bot.)
See {Oyster plant}
(a), under {Oyster}.
Salso-acid \Sal"so-ac`id\, a. [L. salsus salted, salt + acidus
acid.]
Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt
and acid. [R.]
Salsoda \Sal`so"da\, n.
See {Sal soda}, under {Sal}.
Salsola \Sal"so*la\, n. [NL., fr. L. salsus salt, because they
contain alkaline salts.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants including the glasswort. See {Glasswort}.
salsuginous \sal*su"gi*nous\, a. [L. salsugo, -ginis, saltness,
from salsus salted, salt: cf. F. salsugineux.] (Bot.)
Growing in brackish places or in salt marshes.
Salt \Salt\, n. [AS. sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D. zout,
G. salz, Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt, L. sal, Gr. ?, Russ. sole,
Ir. & Gael. salann, W. halen, of unknown origin. Cf. {Sal},
{Salad}, {Salary}, {Saline}, {Sauce}, {Sausage}.]
1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning
food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found
native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation
and crystallization, from sea water and other water
impregnated with saline particles.
2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning.
Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . .
. we have some salt of our youth in us. --Shak.
3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt.
4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar.
I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen
of silver salts. --Pepys.
5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by old. [Colloq.]
Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing
and gossiping, clusters of old salts. --Hawthorne.
6. (Chem.) The neutral compound formed by the union of an
acid and a base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the
salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.
Note: Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking,
it is the acid radical which unites with the base or
basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of
water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In
the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic
and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary
in degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or
acid salts. See Phrases below.
7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that
which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an
allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken
with a grain of salt.
Ye are the salt of the earth. --Matt. v. 13.
8. pl. Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic,
especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.
9. pl. Marshes flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.]
{Above the salt}, {Below the salt}, phrases which have
survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank,
of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long
table, the places above which were assigned to the guests
of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors,
and poor relations. See {Saltfoot}.
His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is
beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the
salt. --B. Jonson.
{Acid salt} (Chem.)
(a) A salt derived from an acid which has several
replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially
exchanged for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as,
acid potassium sulphate is an acid salt.
(b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives
an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is
composed of a strong acid united with a weak base, is
an acid salt in this sense, though theoretically it is
a neutral salt.
{Alkaline salt} (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline
reaction, as sodium carbonate.
{Amphid salt} (Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly
regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic
oxide. [Obsolescent]
{Basic salt} (Chem.)
(a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent
than is required to neutralize the acid.
(b) An alkaline salt.
{Binary salt} (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently
regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a
haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical.
{Double salt} (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the union
of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium
sulphate. See under {Double}.
{Epsom salts}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Essential salt} (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by
crystallizing plant juices.
{Ethereal salt}. (Chem.) See under {Ethereal}.
{Glauber's salt} or {salts}. See in Vocabulary.
{Haloid salt} (Chem.), a simple salt of a halogen acid, as
sodium chloride.
{Microcosmic salt}. (Chem.). See under {Microcosmic}.
{Neutral salt}. (Chem.)
(a) A salt in which the acid and base (in theory)
neutralize each other.
(b) A salt which gives a neutral reaction.
{Oxy salt} (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid.
{Per salt} (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a
peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.]
{Permanent salt}, a salt which undergoes no change on
exposure to the air.
{Proto salt} (Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or
analogous compound.
{Rochelle salt}. See under {Rochelle}.
{Salt of amber} (Old Chem.), succinic acid.
{Salt of colcothar} (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate
of iron.
{Salt of hartshorn}. (Old Chem.)
(a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride.
(b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. {Spirit of hartshorn}, under
{Hartshorn}.
{Salt of lemons}. (Chem.) See {Salt of sorrel}, below.
{Salt of Saturn} (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; --
the alchemical name of lead being Saturn.
{Salt of Seignette}. Same as {Rochelle salt}.
{Salt of soda} (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate.
{Salt of sorrel} (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or
potassium quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains;
-- so called because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also
sometimes inaccurately called {salt of lemon}.
{Salt of tartar} (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; -- so
called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar,
or potassium tartrate. [Obs.]
{Salt of Venus} (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper sulphate;
-- the alchemical name of copper being Venus.
{Salt of wisdom}. See {Alembroth}.
{Sedative salt} (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid.
{Sesqui salt} (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base
or analogous compound.
{Spirit of salt}. (Chem.) See under {Spirit}.
{Sulpho salt} (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but
containing sulphur in place of oxygen.
Salt \Salt\, a. [Compar. {Salter}; superl. {Saltest}.] [AS.
sealt, salt. See {Salt}, n.]
1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt;
prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted;
as, salt beef; salt water. ``Salt tears.'' --Chaucer.
2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt
marsh; salt grass.
3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent.
I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me. --Shak.
4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful. --Shak.
{Salt acid} (Chem.), hydrochloric acid.
{Salt block}, an apparatus for evaporating brine; a salt
factory. --Knight.
{Salt bottom}, a flat piece of ground covered with saline
efflorescences. [Western U.S.] --Bartlett.
{Salt cake} (Chem.), the white caked mass, consisting of
sodium sulphate, which is obtained as the product of the
first stage in the manufacture of soda, according to
Leblanc's process.
{Salt fish}.
(a) Salted fish, especially cod, haddock, and similar
fishes that have been salted and dried for food.
(b) A marine fish.
{Salt garden}, an arrangement for the natural evaporation of
sea water for the production of salt, employing large
shallow basins excavated near the seashore.
{Salt gauge}, an instrument used to test the strength of
brine; a salimeter.
{Salt horse}, salted beef. [Slang]
{Salt junk}, hard salt beef for use at sea. [Slang]
{Salt lick}. See {Lick}, n.
{Salt marsh}, grass land subject to the overflow of salt
water.
{Salt-marsh caterpillar} (Zo["o]l.), an American bombycid
moth ({Spilosoma acr[ae]a} which is very destructive to
the salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also
{woolly bear}. See Illust. under {Moth}, {Pupa}, and
{Woolly bear}, under {Woolly}.
{Salt-marsh fleabane} (Bot.), a strong-scented composite herb
({Pluchea camphorata}) with rayless purplish heads,
growing in salt marshes.
{Salt-marsh hen} (Zo["o]l.), the clapper rail. See under
{Rail}.
{Salt-marsh terrapin} (Zo["o]l.), the diamond-back.
{Salt mine}, a mine where rock salt is obtained.
{Salt pan}.
(a) A large pan used for making salt by evaporation; also,
a shallow basin in the ground where salt water is
evaporated by the heat of the sun.
(b) pl. Salt works.
{Salt pit}, a pit where salt is obtained or made.
{Salt rising}, a kind of yeast in which common salt is a
principal ingredient. [U.S.]
{Salt raker}, one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or
inclosures from the sea.
{Salt sedative} (Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.]
{Salt spring}, a spring of salt water.
{Salt tree} (Bot.), a small leguminous tree ({Halimodendron
argenteum}) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian
region and in Siberia.
{Salt water}, water impregnated with salt, as that of the
ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also,
tears.
Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet
salt water blinds them not so much But they can see
a sort of traitors here. --Shak.
{Salt-water sailor}, an ocean mariner.
{Salt-water tailor}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Bluefish}.
Salt \Salt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Salted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Salting}.]
1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve
with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt
fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.
2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a
ship, for the preservation of the timber.
{To salt a mine}, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in
order to deceive purchasers regarding its value. [Cant]
{To salt away}, {To salt down}, to prepare with, or pack in,
salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence,
colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.
Salt \Salt\, v. i.
To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to
salt.
Salt \Salt\, n. [L. saltus, fr. salire to leap.]
The act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Saltant \Sal"tant\, a. [L. saltans, p. pr. of saltare to dance,
v. intens. fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant. See {Sally},
v.]
1. Leaping; jumping; dancing.
2. (Her.) In a leaping position; springing forward; --
applied especially to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also
to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.
Saltarella \Sal`ta*rel"la\, n.
See {Saltarello}.
Saltarello \Sal`ta*rel"lo\, n. [It., fr. L. saltare to jump.]
A popular Italian dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running
mostly in triplets, but with a hop step at the beginning of
each measure. See {Tarantella}.
Saltate \Sal"tate\, v. i. [See {Saltant}.]
To leap or dance. [R.]
Saltation \Sal*ta"tion\, n. [L. saltatio: cf. F. saltation.]
1. A leaping or jumping.
Continued his saltation without pause. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. Beating or palpitation; as, the saltation of the great
artery.
3. (Biol.) An abrupt and marked variation in the condition or
appearance of a species; a sudden modification which may
give rise to new races.
We greatly suspect that nature does make
considerable jumps in the way of variation now and
then, and that these saltations give rise to some of
the gaps which appear to exist in the series of
known forms. --Huxley.
Saltatoria \Sal`ta*to"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts, and
crickets.
Saltatorial \Sal`ta*to"ri*al\, a.
1. Relating to leaping; saltatory; as, saltatorial exercises.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Same as {Saltatorious}.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Saltatoria.
Saltatorious \Sal`ta*to"ri*ous\, a.
Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; as, a
saltatorious insect or leg.
Saltatory \Sal"ta*to"ry\, a. [L. saltatorius. See {Saltant}, and
cf. {Saltire}.]
Leaping or dancing; having the power of, or used in, leaping
or dancing.
{Saltatory evolution} (Biol.), a theory of evolution which
holds that the transmutation of species is not always
gradual, but that there may come sudden and marked
variations. See {Saltation}.
{Saltatory spasm} (Med.), an affection in which pressure of
the foot on a floor causes the patient to spring into the
air, so as to make repeated involuntary motions of hopping
and jumping. --J. Ross.
Saltbush \Salt"bush`\, n. (Bot.)
An Australian plant ({Atriplex nummularia}) of the Goosefoot
family.
Saltcat \Salt"cat`\, n.
A mixture of salt, coarse meal, lime, etc., attractive to
pigeons.
Saltcellar \Salt"cel*lar\, n. [OE. saltsaler; salt + F.
sali[`e]re saltcellar, from L. sal salt. See {Salt}, and cf.
{Salary}.]
Formerly a large vessel, now a small vessel of glass or other
material, used for holding salt on the table.
Salter \Salt"er\, n.
One who makes, sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or
fish.
Saltern \Salt"ern\, n.
A building or place where salt is made by boiling or by
evaporation; salt works.
Saltfoot \Salt"foot`\, n.
A large saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the
table. The superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.
Salt-green \Salt"-green\, a.
Sea-green in color. --Shak.
Saltle \Salt"le\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European dab.
Saltier \Sal"tier\, n.
See {Saltire}.
Saltigradae \Sal`ti*gra"d[ae]\, n. pl. [NL. See {Saltigrade}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of spiders including those which lie in wait and leap
upon their prey; the leaping spiders.
Saltigrade \Sal"ti*grade\, a. [L. saltus a leap + gradi to walk,
go: cf. F. saltigrade.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having feet or legs formed for leaping.
Saltigrade \Sal"ti*grade\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the {Saltigrad[ae]}, a tribe of spiders which leap to
seize their prey.
Saltimbanco \Sal`tim*ban"co\, n. [It., literally, one who leaps
or mounts upon a bench; saltare to leap + in in, upon + banco
a bench.]
A mountebank; a quack. [Obs.] [Written also {santinbanco}.]
Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans. --Sir T.
Browne.
Salting \Salt"ing\, n.
1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with
salt.
2. A salt marsh.
Saltire \Sal"tire\, n. [F. sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort
of stirrup, fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See {Saltatory},
{Sally}, v.] (Her.)
A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form of an X, -- one of
the honorable ordinaries.
Saltirewise \Sal"tire*wise`\, adv. (Her.)
In the manner of a saltire; -- said especially of the
blazoning of a shield divided by two lines drawn in the
direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and crossing at the
center.
Saltish \Salt"ish\, a.
Somewhat salt. -- {Salt"ish*ly}, adv. -- {Salt"ish*ness}, n.
Saltless \Salt"less\, a.
Destitute of salt; insipid.
Saltly \Salt"ly\, adv.
With taste of salt; in a salt manner.
Saltmouth \Salt"mouth`\, n.
A wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding
chemicals, especially crystallized salts.
Saltness \Salt"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being salt, or state of being salt,
or impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea
water.
Saltpeter \Salt`pe"ter\, Saltpetre \Salt`pe"tre\,, n. [F.
salp[^e]tre, NL. sal petrae, literally, rock salt, or stone
salt; so called because it exudes from rocks or walls. See
{Salt}, and {Petrify}.] (Chem.)
Potassium nitrate; niter; a white crystalline substance,
{KNO3}, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching
from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of
nitrification (see {Nitrification}, 2). It is a strong
oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also
used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a
diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.
{Chili salpeter} (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from
potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline
substance, {NaNO3}, having a cooling, saline, slightly
bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the
rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent
and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the
production of nitric acid. Called also {cubic niter}.
{Saltpeter acid} (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called
because made from saltpeter.
Saltpetrous \Salt`pe"trous\, a. [Cf. F. salp[^e]treux.]
Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities;
impregnated with saltpeter. [Obs.]
Salt rheum \Salt" rheum\ (Med.)
A popular name, esp. in the United States, for various
cutaneous eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See
{Eczema}.
Saltwort \Salt"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore, as
the {Batis maritima}, and the glasswort. See {Glasswort}.
{Black saltwort}, the sea milkwort.
Salty \Salt"y\, a.
Somewhat salt; saltish.
Salubrious \Sa*lu"bri*ous\, a. [L. salubris, or saluber, fr.
salus health; akin to salvus safe, sound, well. See {Safe}.]
Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as,
salubrious air, water, or climate.
Syn: Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary. --
{Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness}, n.
Salubrity \Sa*lu"bri*ty\, n. [L. salubritas: cf. F. salubrit['e]
See {Salubrious}.]
The quality of being salubrious; favorableness to the
preservation of health; salubriousness; wholesomeness;
healthfulness; as, the salubrity of the air, of a country, or
a climate. ``A sweet, dry smell of salubrity.'' --G. W.
Cable.
Salue \Sa*lue"\, v. t. [F. saluer. See {Salute}.]
To salute. [Obs.]
There was no ``good day'' and no saluyng. --Chaucer.
Salutary \Sal"u*ta*ry\, a. [L. salutaris, from salus, -utis,
health, safety: cf. F. salutaire. See {Salubrious}.]
1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting health; as, salutary
exercise.
2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some beneficial purpose;
beneficial; advantageous; as, a salutary design.
Syn: Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial; useful;
advantageous; profitable. -- {Sal"u*ta*ri*ly}, adv. --
{Sal"u*ta*ri*ness}, n.
Salutation \Sal`u*ta"tion\, n. [L. salutatio: cf. F. salutation.
See {Salute}.]
The act of saluting, or paying respect or reverence, by the
customary words or actions; the act of greeting, or
expressing good will or courtesy; also, that which is uttered
or done in saluting or greeting.
In all public meetings or private addresses, use those
forms of salutation, reverence, and decency usual
amongst the most sober persons. --Jer. Taylor.
Syn: Greeting; salute; address.
Usage: {Salutation}, {Greeting}, {Salute}. Greeting is the
general word for all manner of expressions of
recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when persons
meet or communicate with each other. A greeting may be
hearty and loving, chilling and offensive, or merely
formal, as in the opening sentence of legal documents.
Salutation more definitely implies a wishing well, and
is used of expressions at parting as well as at
meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions
of good will. Salute, while formerly and sometimes
still in the sense of either greeting or salutation,
is now used specifically to denote a conventional
demonstration not expressed in words. The guests
received a greeting which relieved their
embarrassment, offered their salutations in
well-chosen terms, and when they retired, as when they
entered, made a deferential salute.
Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the
uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings
in the markets. --Luke xi. 43.
When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the
babe leaped in her womb. --Luke i. 41.
I shall not trouble my reader with the first
salutes of our three friends. --Addison.
Salutatorian \Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an\, n.
The student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the
annual Commencement or like exercises of a college, -- an
honor commonly assigned to that member of the graduating
class who ranks second in scholarship. [U.S.]
Salutatorily \Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly\, adv.
By way of salutation.
Salutatory \Sa*lu"ta*to*ry\, a. [L. salutatorius. See {Salute}.]
Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome;
greeting; -- applied especially to the oration which
introduces the exercises of the Commencements, or similar
public exhibitions, in American colleges.
Salutatory \Sa*lu"ta*to*ry\, n.
1. A place for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch.
[Obs.] --Milton.
2. (American Colleges) The salutatory oration.
Salute \Sa*lute"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Saluted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Saluting}.] [L. salutare, salutatum, from salus, -utis,
health, safety. See {Salubrious}.]
1. To address, as with expressions of kind wishes and
courtesy; to greet; to hail.
I salute you with this kingly title. --Shak.
2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an
act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc.
You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must
take the freedom to salute it. --Addison.
3. (Mil. & Naval) To honor, as some day, person, or nation,
by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by dipping colors,
by cheers, etc.
4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to
gratify. [Obs.] ``If this salute my blood a jot.'' --Shak.
Salute \Sa*lute"\, n. [Cf. F. salut. See {Salute}, v.]
1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes or respect;
salutation; greeting.
2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will,
compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. --Tennyson.
3. (Mil. & Naval) A token of respect or honor for some
distinguished or official personage, for a foreign vessel
or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting
arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms,
dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.
Saluter \Sa*lut"er\, n.
One who salutes.
Salutiferous \Sal`u*tif"er*ous\, a. [L. salutifer; salus, -utis,
health + ferre to bring.]
Bringing health; healthy; salutary; beneficial; as,
salutiferous air. [R.]
Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous.
--Cudworth.
Syn: Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.
Salutiferously \Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly\, adv.
Salutarily. [R.]
Salvability \Sal`va*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness.
[R.]
In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was not
possible outside the communion of the visible
organization. --A. V. G.
Allen.
Salvable \Sal"va*ble\, a. [L. salvare to save, from salvus safe.
Cf. {Savable}.]
Capable of being saved; admitting of salvation. --Dr. H.
More. -- {Sal"va*ble*ness}, n. -- {Sal"va*bly}, adv.
Salvage \Sal"vage\ (?; 48), n. [F. salvage, OF. salver to save,
F. sauver, fr. L. salvare. See {Save}.]
1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, from perils of
the sea.
Salvage of life from a British ship, or a foreign
ship in British waters, ranks before salvage of
goods. --Encyc. Brit.
2. (Maritime Law)
(a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily
assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril.
(b) That part of the property that survives the peril and
is saved. --Kent. Abbot.
Salvage \Sal"vage\, a. & n.
Savage. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Salvation \Sal*va"tion\, n. [OE. salvacioun, sauvacion, F.
salvation, fr. L. salvatio, fr. salvare to save. See {Save}.]
1. The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from
destruction, danger, or great calamity.
2. (Theol.) The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and
liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him of
everlasting happiness.
To earn salvation for the sons of men. --Milton.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. --2.
Cor. vii. 10.
3. Saving power; that which saves.
Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of
the Lord, which he will show to you to-day. --Ex.
xiv. 13.
{Salvation Army}, an organization for prosecuting the work of
Christian evangelization, especially among the degraded
populations of cities. It is virtually a new sect founded
in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists, male
and female, have military titles according to rank, that
of the chief being ``General.'' They wear a uniform, and
in their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi
military style.
Salvationist \Sal*va"tion*ist\, n.
An evangelist, a member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.
Salvatory \Sal"va*to*ry\, n. [LL. salvatorium, fr. salvare to
save.]
A place where things are preserved; a repository. [R.] --Sir
M. Hale.
Salve \Sal"ve\, interj. [L., hail, God save you, imperat. of
salvere to be well. Cf. {Salvo} a volley.]
Hail!
Salve \Sal"ve\ (? or ?), v. t.
To say ``Salve'' to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.]
By this that stranger knight in presence came, And
goodly salved them. --Spenser.
Salve \Salve\ (?; 277), n. [AS. sealf ointment; akin to LG.
salwe, D. zalve, zalf, OHG. salba, Dan. salve, Sw. salfva,
Goth. salb[=o]n to anoint, and probably to Gr. (Hesychius) ?
oil, ? butter, Skr. sarpis clarified butter. [root]155, 291.]
1. An adhesive composition or substance to be applied to
wounds or sores; a healing ointment. --Chaucer.
2. A soothing remedy or antidote.
Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy
sores. --Milton.
{Salve bug} (Zo["o]l.), a large, stout isopod crustacean
({[AE]ga psora}), parasitic on the halibut and codfish, --
used by fishermen in the preparation of a salve. It
becomes about two inches in length.
Salve \Salve\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Salved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Salving}.] [AS. sealfian to anoint. See {Salve}, n.]
1. To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by
remedial treatment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a
wound. --Shak.
2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as
with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or
quibble; to gloss over.
But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble
deeds. --Spenser.
What may we do, then, to salve this seeming
inconsistence? --Milton.
Salve \Salve\, v. t. & i. [See {Salvage}]
To save, as a ship or goods, from the perils of the sea.
[Recent]
Salver \Salv"er\, n.
One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a
quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]
Salver \Sal"ver\, n. [Cf. {Salvage}.]
A salvor. --Skeat.
Salver \Sal"ver\, n. [Sp. salva pregustation, the tasting of
viands before they are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to
taste, to prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare
to save. See {Save}.]
A tray or waiter on which anything is presented.
Salver-shaped \Sal"ver-shaped`\, a. (Bot.)
Tubular, with a spreading border. See {Hypocraterimorphous}.
Salvia \Sal"vi*a\, n. [L., sage.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants including the sage. See {Sage}.
Salvific \Sal*vif"ic\, a. [L. salficus saving; salvus saved,
safe + facere to make.]
Tending to save or secure safety. [Obs.]
Salvo \Sal"vo\, n.; pl. {Salvos}. [L. salvo jure, literally, the
right being reserved. See {Safe.}]
An exception; a reservation; an excuse.
They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations.
--Eikon
Basilike.
Salvo \Sal"vo\, n. [F. salve a discharge of heavy cannon, a
volley, L. salve hail, imperat. of salvere to be well, akin
to salvus well. See {Safe}.]
1. (Mil.) A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in
endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.
2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous,
firing of a number of cannon.
Salvor \Sal"vor\, n. [See {Salvation}, {Save}] (Law)
One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without
being under special obligation to do so. --Wheaton.
Sam \Sam\, adv. [AS. same. See {Same}, a.]
Together. [Obs.] ``All in that city sam.'' --Spenser.
Samara \Sa*ma"ra\ (? or ?), n. [L. samara, samera, the seed of
the elm.] (Bot.)
A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that
of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.
Samare \Sam"are\, n.
See {Simar}.
Samaritan \Sa*mar"i*tan\, a. [L. Samaritanus.]
Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of Samaria.
Samarium \Sa*ma"ri*um\, n. [NL., fr. E. samarskite.] (Chem.)
A rare metallic element of doubtful identity.
Note: Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis,
in certain minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in
which it is associated with other elements of the
earthy group. It has been confounded with the doubtful
elements decipium, philippium, etc., and is possibly a
complex mixture of elements not as yet clearly
identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight 150.2.
Samaroid \Sam"a*roid\ (?; 277), a. [Samara + -oid.] (Bot.)
Resembling a samara, or winged seed vessel.
Samarra \Sa*mar"ra\, n.
See {Simar}.
Samarskite \Sa*mar"skite\, a. [After Samarski, a Russian.]
(Min.)
A rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic
luster. It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and
cerium metals.
Sambo \Sam"bo\, n. [Sp. zambo, sambo.]
A colloquial or humorous appellation for a negro; sometimes,
the offspring of a black person and a mulatto; a zambo.
Samboo \Sam"boo\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Sambur}.
Sambucus \Sam*bu"cus\, n. [L., an elder tree.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs and trees; the elder.
Sambuke \Sam"buke\, n. [L. sambuca, Gr. ?.] (Mus.)
An ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the
particular construction of which is unknown.
Sambur \Sam"bur\, n. [Hind. s[=a]mbar, s[=a]bar.] (Zo["o]l.)
An East Indian deer ({Rusa Aristotelis}) having a mane on its
neck. Its antlers have but three prongs. Called also {gerow}.
The name is applied to other species of the genus {Rusa}, as
the Bornean sambur ({R. equina}).
Same \Same\, a. [AS. same, adv.; akin to OS. sama, samo, adv.,
OHG. sam, a., sama, adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme, samma,
Dan. samme, Goth. sama, Russ. samuii, Gr. ?, Skr. sama, Gr. ?
like, L. simul at the same time, similis like, and E. some,
a., -some. [root]191. Cf. {Anomalous}, {Assemble},
{Homeopathy}, {Homily}, {Seem}, v. i., {Semi-}, {Similar},
{Some}.]
1. Not different or other; not another or others; identical;
unchanged.
Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end.
--Ps. cii. 27.
2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the like; not
differing in character or in the quality or qualities
compared; corresponding; not discordant; similar; like.
The ethereal vigor is in all the same. --Dryden.
3. Just mentioned, or just about to be mentioned.
What ye know, the same do I know. --Job. xiii.
2.
Do but think how well the same he spends, Who spends
his blood his country to relieve. --Daniel.
Note: Same is commonly preceded by the, this, or that and is
often used substantively as in the citations above. In
a comparative use it is followed by as or with.
Bees like the same odors as we do. --Lubbock.
[He] held the same political opinions with his
illustrious friend. --Macaulay.
Sameliness \Same"li*ness\, n.
Sameness, 2. [R.] --Bayne.
Sameness \Same"ness\, n.
1. The state of being the same; identity; absence of
difference; near resemblance; correspondence; similarity;
as, a sameness of person, of manner, of sound, of
appearance, and the like. ``A sameness of the terms.''
--Bp. Horsley.
2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.
Syn: Identity; identicalness; oneness.
Samette \Sa*mette"\, n.
See {Samite}. [Obs.]
Samian \Sa"mi*an\, a. [L. Samius.]
Of or pertaining to the island of Samos.
Fill high the cup with Samian wine. --Byron.
{Samian earth}, a species of clay from Samos, formerly used
in medicine as an astringent.
Samian \Sa"mi*an\, n.
A native or inhabitant of Samos.
Samiel \Sa"mi*el\ (?; 277), n. [Turk. sam-yeli; Ar. samm poison
+ Turk. yel wind. Cf. {Simoom}.]
A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey,
from the desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia
and the kamsin of Syria.
Samiot \Sa"mi*ot\, a. & n. [Cf. F. samiote.]
Samian.
Samite \Sa"mite\, a. [OF. samit, LL. samitum, examitum, from
LGr. ?, ? woven with six threads; Gr. ? six + ? a thread. See
{Six}, and cf. {Dimity}.]
A species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven
with gold. --Tennyson.
In silken samite she was light arrayed. --Spenser.
Samlet \Sam"let\, n. [Cf. {Salmonet}.]
The parr.
Sammier \Sam"mi*er\, n.
A machine for pressing the water from skins in tanning.
--Knight.
Samoan \Sa*mo"an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called
Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their
inhabitants. -- n. An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.
Samovar \Sa"mo*var\, n. [Russ. samovar'.]
A metal urn used in Russia for making tea. It is filled with
water, which is heated by charcoal placed in a pipe, with
chimney attached, which passes through the urn.
Samoyedes \Sam`oy*edes"\, n. pl.; sing. {Samoyede}. (Ethnol.)
An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe which occupies a
portion of Northern Russia and a part of Siberia.
Samp \Samp\, n. [From American Indian s[=a]pac, saupac, made
soft, or thinned.]
An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised,
which is cooked by boiling, and usually eaten with milk;
coarse hominy.
Sampan \Sam"pan\, n. (Naut.)
A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet long, covered with
a house, and sometimes used as a permanent habitation on the
inland waters. [Written also {sanpan}.]
Samphire \Sam"phire\ (? or ?; 277), n. [F. l'herbe de Saint
Pierre. See {Saint}, and {Petrel}.] (Bot.)
(a) A fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant
({Crithmum maritimum}). It grows among rocks and on
cliffs along the seacoast, and is used for pickles.
Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade!
--Shak.
(b) The species of glasswort ({Salicornia herbacea}); --
called in England {marsh samphire}.
(c) A seashore shrub ({Borrichia arborescens}) of the West
Indies.
{Golden samphire}. See under {Golden}.
Sample \Sam"ple\, n. [OE. sample, asaumple, OF. essample,
example, fr. L. exemplum. See {Example}, and cf. {Ensample},
{Sampler}.]
1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] --Spenser. ``A sample to the
youngest.'' --Shak.
Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample
followed. --Fairfax.
2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as
evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as,
goods are often purchased by samples.
I design this but for a sample of what I hope more
fully to discuss. --Woodward.
Syn: Specimen; example. See {Specimen}.
Sample \Sam"ple\, v. t.
1. To make or show something similar to; to match. --Bp.
Hall.
2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample
sugar, teas, wools, cloths.
Sampler \Sam"pler\, n. [See {Exampler}, {Exemplar}.]
1. One who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines
samples, or by samples; as, a wool sampler.
2. A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection of
needlework patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used
as samples, or to display the skill of the worker.
Susie dear, bring your sampler and Mrs. Schumann
will show you how to make that W you bothered over.
--E. E. Hale.
Samshoo \Sam"shoo\, Samshu \Sam"shu\, n. [Chinese san-shao
thrice fired.]
A spirituous liquor distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty
liquor in which boiled rice has fermented under pressure.
--S. W. Williams.
Samson \Sam"son\, n.
An Israelite of Bible record (see --Judges xiii.),
distinguished for his great strength; hence, a man of
extraordinary physical strength.
{Samson post}.
(a) (Naut.) A strong post resting on the keelson, and
supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or
movable pillar carrying a leading block or pulley for
various purposes. --Brande & C.
(b) In deep-well boring, the post which supports the walking
beam of the apparatus.
Sanability \San`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being sanable; sanableness;
curableness.
Sanable \San"a*ble\, a. [L. sanabilis, fr. sanare to heal, fr.
sanus sound, healthy. See {Sane}.]
Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of remedy.
Syn: Remediable; curable; healable.
Sanableness \San"a*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being sanable.
Sanation \Sa*na"tion\, n. [L. sanatio. See {Sanable}.]
The act of healing or curing. [Obs.] --Wiseman.
Sanative \San"a*tive\, a. [LL. sanativus.]
Having the power to cure or heal; healing; tending to heal;
sanatory. -- {San"a*tive*ness}, n.
Sanatorium \San`a*to"ri*um\, n. [NL. See {Sanatory}.]
An establishment for the treatment of the sick; a resort for
invalids. See {Sanitarium}.
Sanatory \San"a*to*ry\, a. [LL. sanatorius, fr. L. sanare to
heal. See {Sanable}.]
Conducive to health; tending to cure; healing; curative;
sanative.
Sanatory ordinances for the protection of public
health, such as quarantine, fever hospitals, draining,
etc. --De Quincey.
Note: Sanatory and sanitary should not be confounded.
Sanatory signifies conducive to health, while sanitary
has the more general meaning of pertaining to health.
Sanbenito \San`be*ni"to\, n. [Sp. & Pg. sambenito, contr. from
L. saccus sack + benedictus blessed.]
1. Anciently, a sackcloth coat worn by penitents on being
reconciled to the church.
2. A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted with flames,
figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been examined
by the Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment
at the auto-da-f['e].
Sance-bell \Sance"-bell`\, Sancte bell \Sanc"te bell`\, n.
See {Sanctus bell}, under {Sanctus}.
Sanctificate \Sanc"ti*fi*cate\, v. t. [L. sanctificatus, p. p.
of sanctificare.]
To sanctify. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Sanctification \Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. sanctificatio: cf.
F. sanctification.]
1. The act of sanctifying or making holy; the state of being
sanctified or made holy; esp. (Theol.), the act of God's
grace by which the affections of men are purified, or
alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to a supreme
love to God; also, the state of being thus purified or
sanctified.
God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation
through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of
the truth. --2 Thess. ii.
13.
2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart for a sacred
purpose; consecration. --Bp. Burnet.
Sanctified \Sanc"ti*fied\, a.
Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity;
sanctimonious.
Sanctifier \Sanc"ti*fi`er\, n.
One who sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically, the Holy
Spirit.
Sanctify \Sanc"ti*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sanctified}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Sanctifying}.] [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare;
sanctus holy + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See {Saint}, and
{-fy}.]
1. To make sacred or holy; to set apart to a holy or
religious use; to consecrate by appropriate rites; to
hallow.
God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it.
--Gen. ii. 3.
Moses . . . sanctified Aaron and his garments.
--Lev. viii.
30.
2. To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral corruption
and pollution; to purify.
Sanctify them through thy truth. --John xvii.
17.
3. To make efficient as the means of holiness; to render
productive of holiness or piety.
A means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me as
to make me repent of that unjust act. --Eikon
Basilike.
4. To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness,
inviolability, title to reverence and respect, or the
like, to; to secure from violation; to give sanction to.
The holy man, amazed at what he saw, Made haste to
sanctify the bliss by law. --Dryden.
Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line. --Pope.
Sanctifyingly \Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly\, adv.
In a manner or degree tending to sanctify or make holy.
Sanctiloquent \Sanc*til"o*quent\, a. [L. sanctus holy + loquens,
p. pr. of loqui to speak.]
Discoursing on heavenly or holy things, or in a holy manner.
Sanctimonial \Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al\, a. [Cf. LL. sanctimonialis. ]
Sanctimonious. [Obs.]
Sanctimonious \Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous\, a. [See {Sanctimony}.]
1. Possessing sanctimony; holy; sacred; saintly. --Shak.
2. Making a show of sanctity; affecting saintliness;
hypocritically devout or pious. ``Like the sanctimonious
pirate.'' --Shak. -- {Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness}, n.
Sanctimony \Sanc"ti*mo*ny\, n. [L. sanctimonia, fr. sanctus
holy: cf. OF. sanctimonie. See {Saint}.]
Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity;
especially, outward or artificial saintliness; assumed or
pretended holiness; hypocritical devoutness.
Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy
undertaking with most austere sanctimony she
accomplished. --Shak.
Sanction \Sanc"tion\, n. [L. sanctio, from sancire, sanctum to
render sacred or inviolable, to fix unalterably: cf. F.
sanction. See {Saint}.]
1. Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a
superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the
act of some other person or body; establishment or
furtherance of anything by giving authority to it;
confirmation; approbation.
The strictest professors of reason have added the
sanction of their testimony. --I. Watts.
2. Anything done or said to enforce the will, law, or
authority of another; as, legal sanctions.
Syn: Ratification; authorization; authority; countenance;
support.
Sanction \Sanc"tion\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sanctioned}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sanctioning}.]
To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve.
Would have counseled, or even sanctioned, such perilous
experiments. --De Quincey.
Syn: To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.
Sanctionary \Sanc"tion*a*ry\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or giving, sanction.
Sanctitude \Sanc"ti*tude\, n. [L. sanctitudo.]
Holiness; sacredness; sanctity. [R.] --Milton.
Sanctity \Sanc"ti*ty\, n.; pl. {Sanctities}. [L. sanctitas, from
sanctus holy. See {Saint}.]
1. The state or quality of being sacred or holy; holiness;
saintliness; moral purity; godliness.
To sanctity she made no pretense, and, indeed,
narrowly escaped the imputation of irreligion.
--Macaulay.
2. Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious binding
force; as, the sanctity of an oath.
3. A saint or holy being. [R.]
About him all the sanctities of heaven. --Milton.
Syn: Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness; purity;
religiousness; sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under
{Religion}.
Sanctuarize \Sanc"tu*a*rize\, v. t.
To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Sanctuary \Sanc"tu*a*ry\, n.; pl. {Sanctuaries}. [OE.
seintuarie, OF. saintuaire, F. sanctuaire, fr. L.
sanctuarium, from sanctus sacred, holy. See {Saint}.]
A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable
site. Hence, specifically:
(a) The most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called
the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the
covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter
except the high priest, and he only once a year, to
intercede for the people; also, the most sacred part of
the tabernacle; also, the temple at Jerusalem.
(b) (Arch.) The most sacred part of any religious building,
esp. that part of a Christian church in which the altar
is placed.
(c) A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where
divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other
place of worship.
(d) A sacred and inviolable asylum; a place of refuge and
protection; shelter; refuge; protection.
These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples
the privilege of sanctuary. --Milton.
The admirable works of painting were made fuel for
the fire; but some relics of it took sanctuary
under ground, and escaped the common destiny.
--Dryden.
Sanctum \Sanc"tum\, n. [L., p. p. of sancire to consecrate.]
A sacred place; hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved
for personal use; as, an editor's sanctum.
{Sanctum sanctorum} [L.], the Holy of Holies; the most holy
place, as in the Jewish temple.
Sanctus \Sanc"tus\, n. [L. sanctus, p. p. of sancire.]
1. (Eccl.) A part of the Mass, or, in Protestant churches, a
part of the communion service, of which the first words in
Latin are Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus [Holy, holy, holy]; --
called also {Tersanctus}.
2. (Mus.) An anthem composed for these words.
{Sanctus bell}, a small bell usually suspended in a bell cot
at the apex of the nave roof, over the chancel arch, in
medi[ae]val churches, but a hand bell is now often used;
-- so called because rung at the singing of the sanctus,
at the conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass, and again
at the elevation of the host. Called also {Mass bell},
{sacring bell}, {saints' bell}, {sance-bell}, {sancte
bell}.
Sand \Sand\, n. [AS. sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand, OHG. sant,
Icel. sandr, Dan. & Sw. sand, Gr. ?.]
1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not
reduced to dust; comminuted stone in the form of loose
grains, which are not coherent when wet.
That finer matter, called sand, is no other than
very small pebbles. --Woodward.
2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] --Shak.
3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of
time; the term or extent of one's life.
The sands are numbered that make up my life. --Shak.
4. pl. Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of
Arabia and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed
by the ebb of the tide. ``The Libyan sands.'' --Milton.
``The sands o' Dee.'' --C. Kingsley.
5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang]
{Sand badger} (Zo["o]l.), the Japanese badger ({Meles
ankuma}).
{Sand bag}.
(a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various
purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc.
(b) A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by
assassins.
{Sand ball}, soap mixed with sand, made into a ball for use
at the toilet.
{Sand bath}.
(a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot sand in a laboratory, in which
vessels that are to be heated are partially immersed.
(b) A bath in which the body is immersed in hot sand.
{Sand bed}, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited
naturally or artificially; specifically, a thick layer of
sand into which molten metal is run in casting, or from a
reducing furnace.
{Sand birds} (Zo["o]l.), a collective name for numerous
species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers,
plovers, tattlers, and many others; -- called also {shore
birds}.
{Sand blast}, a process of engraving and cutting glass and
other hard substances by driving sand against them by a
steam jet or otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the
process.
{Sand box}.
(a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling
paper with sand.
(b) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs on
the rails in front of the driving wheel, to prevent
slipping.
{Sand-box tree} (Bot.), a tropical American tree ({Hura
crepitans}). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled woody
capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud
report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of {Regma}.
{Sand bug} (Zo["o]l.), an American anomuran crustacean
({Hippa talpoidea}) which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It
is often used as bait by fishermen. See Illust. under
{Anomura}.
{Sand canal} (Zo["o]l.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous
coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the
madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in
function.
{Sand cock} (Zo["o]l.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.]
{Sand collar}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Sand saucer}, below.
{Sand crab}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The lady crab.
(b) A land crab, or ocypodian.
{Sand crack} (Far.), a crack extending downward from the
coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often causes
lameness.
{Sand cricket} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
large terrestrial crickets of the genus {Stenophelmatus}
and allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the
Western United States.
{Sand cusk} (Zo["o]l.), any ophidioid fish. See {Illust.}
under {Ophidioid}.
{Sand dab} (Zo["o]l.), a small American flounder ({Limanda
ferruginea}); -- called also {rusty dab}. The name is also
applied locally to other allied species.
{Sand darter} (Zo["o]l.), a small etheostomoid fish of the
Ohio valley ({Ammocrypta pellucida}).
{Sand dollar} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small
flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms,
especially {Echinarachnius parma} of the American coast.
{Sand drift}, drifting sand; also, a mound or bank of drifted
sand.
{Sand eel}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A lant, or launce.
(b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus
{Gonorhynchus}, having barbels about the mouth.
{Sand flag}, sandstone which splits up into flagstones.
{Sand flea}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds in,
sandy places, especially the common dog flea.
(b) The chigoe.
(c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or
orchestian. See {Beach flea}, under {Beach}.
{Sand flood}, a vast body of sand borne along by the wind.
--James Bruce.
{Sand fluke}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The sandnecker.
(b) The European smooth dab ({Pleuronectes
microcephalus}); -- called also {kitt}, {marysole},
{smear dab}, {town dab}.
{Sand fly} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small
dipterous flies of the genus {Simulium}, abounding on
sandy shores, especially {Simulium nocivum} of the United
States. They are very troublesome on account of their
biting habits. Called also {no-see-um}, {punky}, and
{midge}.
{Sand gall}. (Geol.) See {Sand pipe}, below.
{Sand grass} (Bot.), any species of grass which grows in
sand; especially, a tufted grass ({Triplasis purpurea})
with numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves,
growing on the Atlantic coast.
{Sand grouse} (Zo["o]l.), any one of many species of Old
World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and
resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also {rock
grouse}, {rock pigeon}, and {ganga}. They mostly belong to
the genus {Pterocles}, as the common Indian species ({P.
exustus}). The large sand grouse ({P. arenarius}), the
painted sand grouse ({P. fasciatus}), and the pintail sand
grouse ({P. alchata}) are also found in India. See Illust.
under {Pterocletes}.
{Sand hill}, a hill of sand; a dune.
{Sand-hill crane} (Zo["o]l.), the American brown crane ({Grus
Mexicana}).
{Sand hopper} (Zo["o]l.), a beach flea; an orchestian.
{Sand hornet} (Zo["o]l.), a sand wasp.
{Sand lark}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small lark ({Alaudala raytal}), native of India.
(b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the
sanderling, and the common European sandpiper.
(c) The Australian red-capped dotterel ({[AE]gialophilus
ruficapillus}); -- called also {red-necked plover}.
{Sand launce} (Zo["o]l.), a lant, or launce.
{Sand lizard} (Zo["o]l.), a common European lizard ({Lacerta
agilis}).
{Sand martin} (Zo["o]l.), the bank swallow.
{Sand mole} (Zo["o]l.), the coast rat.
{Sand monitor} (Zo["o]l.), a large Egyptian lizard ({Monitor
arenarius}) which inhabits dry localities.
{Sand mouse} (Zo["o]l.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.]
{Sand myrtle}. (Bot.) See under {Myrtle}.
{Sand partridge} (Zo["o]l.), either of two small Asiatic
partridges of the genus {Ammoperdix}. The wings are long
and the tarsus is spurless. One species ({A. Heeji})
inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species ({A.
Bonhami}), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also {seesee
partridge}, and {teehoo}.
{Sand picture}, a picture made by putting sand of different
colors on an adhesive surface.
{Sand pike}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The sauger.
(b) The lizard fish.
{Sand pillar}, a sand storm which takes the form of a
whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like
those of the Sahara and Mongolia.
{Sand pipe} (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to
several feet in depth, occurring especially in calcareous
rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; -- called
also {sand gall}.
{Sand pride} (Zo["o]l.), a small British lamprey now
considered to be the young of larger species; -- called
also {sand prey}.
{Sand pump}, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket
with a valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well.
{Sand rat} (Zo["o]l.), the pocket gopher.
{Sand rock}, a rock made of cemented sand.
{Sand runner} (Zo["o]l.), the turnstone.
{Sand saucer} (Zo["o]l.), the mass of egg capsules, or
o["o]thec[ae], of any mollusk of the genus {Natica} and
allied genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer,
and is coated with fine sand; -- called also {sand
collar}.
{Sand screw} (Zo["o]l.), an amphipod crustacean
({Lepidactylis arenarius}), which burrows in the sandy
seabeaches of Europe and America.
{Sand shark} (Zo["o]l.), an American shark ({Odontaspis
littoralis}) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern
United States; -- called also {gray shark}, and {dogfish
shark}. See Illust. under {Remora}.
{Sand skink} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of Old
World lizards belonging to the genus {Seps}; as, the
ocellated sand skink ({Seps ocellatus}) of Southern
Europe.
{Sand skipper} (Zo["o]l.), a beach flea, or orchestian.
{Sand smelt} (Zo["o]l.), a silverside.
{Sand snake}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing
snakes of the genus {Eryx}, native of Southern Europe,
Africa, and Asia, especially {E. jaculus} of India and
{E. Johnii}, used by snake charmers.
(b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus
{Psammophis}, especially {P. sibilans}.
{Sand snipe} (Zo["o]l.), the sandpiper.
{Sand star} (Zo["o]l.), an ophiurioid starfish living on
sandy sea bottoms; a brittle star.
{Sand storm}, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind.
{Sand sucker}, the sandnecker.
{Sand swallow} (Zo["o]l.), the bank swallow. See under
{Bank}.
{Sand tube}, a tube made of sand. Especially:
(a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of
lightning; a fulgurite.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) Any tube made of cemented sand.
(c) (Zo["o]l.) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous
particles in its wall, which connects the oral water
tube with the madreporic plate.
{Sand viper}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Hognose snake}.
{Sand wasp} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
hymenopterous insects belonging to the families
{Pompilid[ae]} and {Spherid[ae]}, which dig burrows in
sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or
spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve
as food for her young.
Sand \Sand\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sanded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sanding}.]
1. To sprinkle or cover with sand.
2. To drive upon the sand. [Obs.] --Burton.
3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or mud.
4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as, to sand sugar.
[Colloq.]
Sandal \San"dal\, n.
Same as {Sendal}.
Sails of silk and ropes of sandal. --Longfellow.
Sandal \San"dal\, n.
Sandalwood. ``Fans of sandal.'' --Tennyson.
Sandal \San"dal\, n. [F. sandale, L. sandalium, Gr. ?, dim. of
?, probably from Per. sandal.]
(a) A kind of shoe consisting of a sole strapped to the foot;
a protection for the foot, covering its lower surface,
but not its upper.
(b) A kind of slipper.
(c) An overshoe with parallel openings across the instep.
Sandaled \San"daled\, a.
1. Wearing sandals.
The measured footfalls of his sandaled feet.
--Longfellow.
2. Made like a sandal.
Sandaliform \San*dal"i*form\, a. [Sandal + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a sandal or slipper.
Sandalwood \San"dal*wood\, n. [F. sandal, santal, fr. Ar.
[,c]andal, or Gr. sa`ntalon; both ultimately fr. Skr.
candana. Cf. {Sanders}.] (Bot.)
(a) The highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian
and Polynesian tree ({Santalum album}), and of several
other trees of the same genus, as the Hawaiian {Santalum
Freycinetianum} and {S. pyrularium}, the Australian {S.
latifolium}, etc. The name is extended to several other
kinds of fragrant wood.
(b) Any tree of the genus {Santalum}, or a tree which yields
sandalwood.
(c) The red wood of a kind of buckthorn, used in Russia for
dyeing leather ({Rhamnus Dahuricus}).
{False sandalwood}, the fragrant wood of several trees not of
the genus {Santalum}, as {Ximenia Americana}, {Myoporum
tenuifolium} of Tahiti.
{Red sandalwood}, a heavy, dark red dyewood, being the
heartwood of two leguminous trees of India ({Pterocarpus
santalinus}, and {Adenanthera pavonina}); -- called also
{red sanderswood}, {sanders} or {saunders}, and
{rubywood}.
Sandarach \San"da*rach\, Sandarac \San"da*rac\,, n. [L.
sandaraca, Gr. ?.]
1. (Min.) Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic. [Archaic]
2. (Bot. Chem.) A white or yellow resin obtained from a
Barbary tree ({Callitris quadrivalvis} or {Thuya
articulata}), and pulverized for pounce; -- probably so
called from a resemblance to the mineral.
Sandbagger \Sand"bag`ger\, n.
An assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See {Sand bag},
under {Sand}.
Sand-blind \Sand"-blind`\, a. [For sam blind half blind; AS.
s[=a]m- half (akin to semi-) + blind.]
Having defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind. --Shak.
Sanded \Sand"ed\, a.
1. Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. --Thomson.
2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled;
of a sandy color, as a hound. --Shak.
3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]
Sandemanian \San`de*ma"ni*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Robert Sandeman, a Scotch sectary of the
eighteenth century. See {Glassite}.
Sandemanianism \San`de*ma"ni*an*ism\, n.
The faith or system of the Sandemanians. --A. Fuller.
Sanderling \San"der*ling\, n. [Sand + -ling. So called because
it obtains its food by searching the moist sands of the
seashore.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small gray and brown sandpiper ({Calidris arenaria}) very
common on sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called
also {curwillet}, {sand lark}, {stint}, and {ruddy plover}.
Sanders \San"ders\, n. [See {Sandal}.]
An old name of sandalwood, now applied only to the red
sandalwood. See under {Sandalwood}.
Sanders-blue \San"ders-blue"\, n.
See {Saunders-blue}.
Sandever \San"de*ver\, n.
See {Sandiver}. [Obs.]
Sandfish \Sand"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small marine fish of the Pacific coast of North America
({Trichodon trichodon}) which buries itself in the sand.
Sandglass \Sand"glass`\, n.
An instrument for measuring time by the running of sand. See
{Hourglass}.
Sandhiller \Sand"hill`er\, n.
A nickname given to any ``poor white'' living in the pine
woods which cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South
Carolina. [U.S.]
Sandiness \Sand"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy
color.
Sandish \Sand"ish\, a.
Approaching the nature of sand; loose; not compact. [Obs.]
--Evelyn.
Sandiver \San"di*ver\, n. [Perh. fr. OF. sa["i]n grease, fat +
de of + verre glass (cf. {Saim}), or fr. F. sel de verre
sandiver.]
A whitish substance which is cast up, as a scum, from the
materials of glass in fusion, and, floating on the top, is
skimmed off; -- called also {glass gall}. [Formerly written
also {sandever}.]
Sandix \San"dix\, n. [L. sandix, sandyx, vermilion, or a color
like vermilion, Gr. ?, ?.]
A kind of minium, or red lead, made by calcining carbonate of
lead, but inferior to true minium. [Written also {sandyx}.]
[Obs.]
Sandman \Sand"man`\, n.
A mythical person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub
their eyes as if there were sand in them.
Sandnecker \Sand"neck`er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A European flounder ({Hippoglossoides limandoides}); --
called also {rough dab}, {long fluke}, {sand fluke}, and
{sand sucker}.
Sandpaper \Sand"pa`per\, n.
Paper covered on one side with sand glued fast, -- used for
smoothing and polishing.
Sandpaper \Sand"pa`per\, v. t.
To smooth or polish with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper a door.
Sandpiper \Sand"pi`per\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of small limicoline
game birds belonging to {Tringa}, {Actodromas},
{Ereunetes}, and various allied genera of the family
{Tringid[ae]}.
Note: The most important North American species are the
pectoral sandpiper ({Tringa maculata}), called also
{brownback}, {grass snipe}, and {jacksnipe}; the
red-backed, or black-breasted, sandpiper, or dunlin
({T. alpina}); the purple sandpiper ({T. maritima}: the
red-breasted sandpiper, or knot ({T. canutus}); the
semipalmated sandpiper ({Ereunetes pusillus}); the
spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail ({Actitis
macularia}); the buff-breasted sandpiper ({Tryngites
subruficollis}), and the Bartramian sandpiper, or
upland plover. See under {Upland}. Among the European
species are the dunlin, the knot, the ruff, the
sanderling, and the common sandpiper ({Actitis, or
Tringoides, hypoleucus}), called also {fiddler},
{peeper}, {pleeps}, {weet-weet}, and {summer snipe}.
Some of the small plovers and tattlers are also called
sandpipers.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A small lamprey eel; the pride.
{Curlew sandpiper}. See under {Curlew}.
{Stilt sandpiper}. See under {Stilt}.
Sandpit \Sand"pit`\, n.
A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been taken.
Sandre \San"dre\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A Russian fish ({Lucioperca sandre}) which yields a valuable
oil, called sandre oil, used in the preparation of caviare.
Sandstone \Sand"stone`\, n.
A rock made of sand more or less firmly united. Common or
siliceous sandstone consists mainly of quartz sand.
Note: Different names are applied to the various kinds of
sandstone according to their composition; as, granitic,
argillaceous, micaceous, etc.
{Flexible sandstone} (Min.), the finer-grained variety of
itacolumite, which on account of the scales of mica in the
lamination is quite flexible.
{Red sandstone}, a name given to two extensive series of
British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one
below, and the other above, the coal measures. These were
formerly known as the Old and the New Red Sandstone
respectively, and the former name is still retained for
the group preceding the Coal and referred to the Devonian
age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now little used,
some of the strata being regarded as Permian and the
remained as Triassic. See the Chart of {Geology}.
Sandwich \Sand"wich\ (?; 277), n. [Named from the Earl of
Sandwich.]
Two pieces of bread and butter with a thin slice of meat,
cheese, or the like, between them.
Sandwich \Sand"wich\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sandwiched}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sandwiching}.]
To make into a sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert
between portions of something dissimilar; to form of
alternate parts or things, or alternating layers of a
different nature; to interlard.
Sandworm \Sand"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of annelids which burrow in
the sand of the seashore.
(b) Any species of annelids of the genus {Sabellaria}. They
construct firm tubes of agglutinated sand on rocks and
shells, and are sometimes destructive to oysters.
(c) The chigoe, a species of flea.
Sandwort \Sand"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus {Arenaria}, low, tufted herbs (order
{Caryophyllace[ae]}.)
Sandy \Sand"y\, a. [Compar. {Sandier}; superl. {Sandiest}.] [AS.
sandig.]
1. Consisting of, abounding with, or resembling, sand; full
of sand; covered or sprinkled with sand; as, a sandy
desert, road, or soil.
2. Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red color; as,
sandy hair.
Sandyx \San"dyx\, n. [L.]
See {Sandix}.
Sane \Sane\, a. [L. sanus; cf. Gr. ?, ?, safe, sound. Cf.
{Sound}, a.]
1. Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting
rationally; -- said of the mind.
2. Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the
mental faculties in such condition as to be able to
anticipate and judge of the effect of one's actions in an
ordinary maner; -- said of persons.
Syn: Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.
Saneness \Sane"ness\, n.
The state of being sane; sanity.
Sang \Sang\,
imp. of {Sing}.
Sanga \San"ga\, Sangu \San"gu\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The Abyssinian ox ({Bos or Bibos, Africanus}), noted for the
great length of its horns. It has a hump on its back.
Sangaree \San`ga*ree"\, n. [Sp. sangria, lit., bleeding, from
sangre, blood, L. sanguis.]
Wine and water sweetened and spiced, -- a favorite West
Indian drink.
Sang-froid \Sang`-froid"\, n. [F., cold blood.]
Freedom from agitation or excitement of mind; coolness in
trying circumstances; indifference; calmness. --Burke.
Sangiac \San"gi*ac\, n.
See {Sanjak}.
Sangraal \San`graal"\, Sangreal \San"gre*al\, n. [See {Saint},
and {Grail}.]
See {Holy Grail}, under {Grail}.
Sanguiferous \San*guif"er*ous\, a. [L. sanguis blood + -ferous.]
(Physiol.)
Conveying blood; as, sanguiferous vessels, i. e., the
arteries, veins, capillaries.
Sanguification \San`gui*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. sanguification.
See {Sanguify}.] (Physiol.)
The production of blood; the conversion of the products of
digestion into blood; hematosis.
Sanguifier \San"gui*fi`er\, n.
A producer of blood.
Sanguifluous \San*guif"lu*ous\, a. [L. sanguis blood + fluere to
flow.]
Flowing or running with blood.
Sanguify \San"gui*fy\, v. t. [L. sanguis blood + -fy: cf. F.
sanguifier.]
To produce blood from.
Sanguigenous \San*guig"e*nous\, a. [L. sanguis + -genous.]
Producing blood; as, sanguigenous food.
Sanguinaceous \San`gui*na"ceous\, n.
Of a blood-red color; sanguine.
Sanguinaria \San`gui*na"ri*a\, n. [NL. See {Sanguinary}, a. &
n.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the Poppy family.
Note: {Sanguinaria Canadensis}, or bloodroot, is the only
species. It has a perennial rootstock, which sends up a
few roundish lobed leaves and solitary white blossoms
in early spring. See {Bloodroot}.
2. The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine as an
emetic, etc.
Sanguinarily \San"gui*na*ri*ly\, adv.
In a sanguinary manner.
Sanguinariness \San"gui*na*ri*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sanguinary.
Sanguinary \San"gui*na*ry\, a. [L. sanguinarius, fr. sanguis
blood: cf. F. sanguinaire.]
1. Attended with much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a
sanguinary war, contest, or battle.
We may not propagate religion by wars, or by
sanguinary persecutions to force consciences.
--Bacon.
2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood.
Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary.
--Broome.
Syn: Bloody; murderous; bloodthirsty; cruel.
Sanguinary \San"gui*na*ry\, n. [L. herba sanguinaria an herb
that stanches blood: cf. F. sanguinaire. See {Sanguinary},
a.] (Bot.)
(a) The yarrow.
(b) The Sanguinaria.
Sanguine \San"guine\, a. [F. sanguin, L. sanguineus, fr. sanguis
blood. Cf. {Sanguineous}.]
1. Having the color of blood; red.
Of his complexion he was sanguine. --Chaucer.
Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe.
--Milton.
2. Characterized by abundance and active circulation of
blood; as, a sanguine bodily temperament.
3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine temper.
4. Anticipating the best; not desponding; confident; full of
hope; as, sanguine of success.
Syn: Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.
Sanguine \San"guine\, n.
1. Blood color; red. --Spenser.
2. Anything of a blood-red color, as cloth. [Obs.]
In sanguine and in pes he clad was all. --Chaucer.
3. (Min.) Bloodstone.
4. Red crayon. See the Note under {Crayon}, 1.
Sanguine \San"guine\, v. t.
To stain with blood; to impart the color of blood to; to
ensanguine.
Sanguineless \San"guine*less\, a.
Destitute of blood; pale. [R.]
Sanguinely \San"guine*ly\, adv.
In a sanguine manner.
I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does.
--Burke.
Sanguineness \San"guine*ness\, n.
The quality of being sanguine.
Sanguineous \San*guin"e*ous\, a. [L. sanguineus. See
{Sanguine}.]
1. Abounding with blood; sanguine.
2. Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting blood.
--Sir T. Browne.
3. Blood-red; crimson. --Keats.
sanguinity \san*guin"i*ty\, n.
The quality of being sanguine; sanguineness. --Swift.
Sanguinivorous \San"gui*niv"o*rous\, a. [L. sanguis + vorare to
devour.]
Subsisting on blood.
Sanguinolency \San*guin"o*len*cy\, n.
The state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.
Sanguinolent \San*guin"o*lent\, a. [L. sanguinolentus, from
sanguis blood: cf. F. sanguinolent.]
Tinged or mingled with blood; bloody; as, sanguinolent sputa.
Sanguisuge \San"gui*suge\, n. [L. sanguisuga; sanguis blood +
sugere to suck.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bloodsucker, or leech.
Sanguivorous \San*guiv"o*rous\, a. [L. sanguis blood + vorare to
devour.] (Zo["o]l.)
Subsisting upon blood; -- said of certain blood-sucking bats
and other animals. See {Vampire}.
Sanhedrin \San"he*drin\, Sanhedrim \San"he*drim\, n. [Heb.
sanhedr[=i]n, fr. Gr. ?; ? with + ? a seat, fr. ? to sit. See
{Sit}.] (Jewish Antiq.)
the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy
members, to whom the high priest was added. It had
jurisdiction of religious matters.
Sanhedrist \San"he*drist\, n.
A member of the sanhedrin. --Schaeffer (Lange's Com.).
Sanhita \San"hi*ta\, n. [Skr. samhita, properly, combination.]
A collection of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the
first part of each Veda.
Sanicle \San"i*cle\, n. [F., from L. sanare to heal.] (Bot.)
Any plant of the umbelliferous genus {Sanicula}, reputed to
have healing powers.
Sanidine \San"i*dine\, n. [Gr. ?. ?, a board. So called in
allusion to the tabular crystals.] (Min.)
A variety of orthoclase feldspar common in certain eruptive
rocks, as trachyte; -- called also {glassy feldspar}.
Sanies \Sa"ni*es\, n. [L.] (Med.)
A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged from ulcers or foul
wounds.
Sanious \Sa"ni*ous\, a. [L. saniosus, fr. sanies: cf. F.
sanieux.]
1. (Med.) Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature
and appearance; thin and serous, with a slight bloody
tinge; as, the sanious matter of an ulcer.
2. (med.) Discharging sanies; as, a sanious ulcer.
Sanitarian \San`i*ta"ri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.
Sanitarian \San`i*ta"ri*an\, n.
An advocate of sanitary measures; one especially interested
or versed in sanitary measures.
Sanitarist \San"i*ta*rist\, n.
A sanitarian.
Sanitarium \San`i*ta"ri*um\, n. [NL. See {Sanitary}.]
A health station or retreat; a sanatorium. ``A sanitarium for
troops.'' --L. Oliphant.
Sanitary \San"i*ta*ry\, a. [L. sanitas health: cf. F. sanitaire.
See {Sanity}.]
Of or pertaining to health; designed to secure or preserve
health; relating to the preservation or restoration of
health; hygienic; as, sanitary regulations. See the Note
under {Sanatory}.
{Sanitary Commission}. See under {Commission}.
Sanitation \San`i*ta"tion\, n.
The act of rendering sanitary; the science of sanitary
conditions; the preservation of health; the use of sanitary
measures; hygiene.
How much sanitation has advanced during the last half
century. --H.
Hartshorne.
Sanity \San"i*ty\, n. [L. sanitas, from sanus sound, healthy.
See {Sane}.]
The condition or quality of being sane; soundness of health
of body or mind, especially of the mind; saneness.
Sanjak \San"jak\, n. [Turk. sanj[=a]g.]
A district or a subvision of a vilayet. [Turkey]
Sank \Sank\,
imp. of {Sink}.
Sankha \Sank"ha\, n. [Skr. [,c]ankha a shell.]
A chank shell ({Turbinella pyrum}); also, a shell bracelet or
necklace made in India from the chank shell.
Sankhya \Sankh"ya\, n.
A Hindoo system of philosophy which refers all things to soul
and a rootless germ called prakriti, consisting of three
elements, goodness, passion, and darkness. --Whitworth.
Sannop \San"nop\ (s[a^]n"n[o^]p), n.
Same as {Sannup}. --Bancroft.
Sannup \San"nup\ (-n[u^]p), n.
A male Indian; a brave; -- correlative of squaw.
Sanny \San"ny\, n.
The sandpiper. [Prov. Eng.]
Sans \Sans\ (s[aum]n; E. s[a^]nz), prep. [F., from L. sine
without.]
Without; deprived or destitute of. Rarely used as an English
word. ``Sans fail.'' --Chaucer.
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
--Shak.
Sanscrit \San"scrit\, n.
See {Sanskrit}.
Sans-culotte \Sans`-cu`lotte"\ (F. ?; E. ?), n. [F., without
breeches.]
1. A fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; -- a name of
reproach given in the first French revolution to the
extreme republican party, who rejected breeches as an
emblem peculiar to the upper classes or aristocracy, and
adopted pantaloons.
2. Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a violent
revolutionist; a Jacobin.
Sans-culottic \Sans`-cu*lot"tic\, a.
Pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism; radical;
revolutionary; Jacobinical. --Carlyle.
Sans-culottism \Sans`-cu*lot"tism\, n. [F. sans-culottisme.]
Extreme republican principles; the principles or practice of
the sans-culottes.
Sanskrit \San"skrit\, n. [Skr. Samsk[.r]ta the Sanskrit
language, literally, the perfect, polished, or classical
language, fr. samsk[.r]ta prepared, wrought, made, excellent,
perfect; sam together (akin to E. same) + k[.r]ta made. See
{Same}, {Create}.] [Written also {Sanscrit}.]
The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in
vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the
literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to
the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe,
classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of
the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they
are all descended, is a most important assistance in
determining their history and relations. Cf. {Prakrit}, and
{Veda}.
Sanskrit \San"skrit\, a.
Of or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a
Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.
Sanskritic \San*skrit"ic\, a.
Sanskrit.
Sanskritist \San"skrit*ist\, n.
One versed in Sanskrit.
Sans-souci \Sans`-sou`ci"\, adv. [F.]
Without care; free and easy.
Santal \San"tal\, n. [Santalum + piperonal.] (Chem.)
A colorless crystalline substance, isomeric with piperonal,
but having weak acid properties. It is extracted from
sandalwood.
Santalaceous \San`ta*la"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants
({Santalace[ae]}), of which the genus {Santalum} is the type,
and which includes the buffalo nut and a few other North
American plants, and many peculiar plants of the southern
hemisphere.
Santalic \San*tal"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sandalwood ({Santalum});
-- used specifically to designate an acid obtained as a
resinous or red crystalline dyestuff, which is called also
santalin.
Santalin \San"ta*lin\, n. [Cf. F. santaline.] (Chem.)
Santalic acid. See {Santalic}.
Santalum \San"ta*lum\, n. [NL. See {Sandalwood}.] (Bot.)
A genus of trees with entire opposite leaves and small
apetalous flowers. There are less than a dozen species,
occurring from India to Australia and the Pacific Islands.
See {Sandalwood}.
Santees \San`tees"\, n. pl.; sing. {Santee}. (Ethnol.)
One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to
the Sioux, or Dakotas.
Santer \San"ter\, v. i.
See {Saunter}.
Santon \San"ton\, n. [Sp. santon, augmented fr. santo holy, L.
sanctus.]
A Turkish saint; a kind of dervish, regarded by the people as
a saint: also, a hermit.
Santonate \San"to*nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of santonic acid.
Santonic \San*ton"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid (distinct from
santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a white
crystalline substance.
Santonin \San"to*nin\, n. [L. herba santonica, a kind of plant,
fr. Santoni a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. ?: cf. F.
santonine.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance having a bitter taste,
extracted from the buds of levant wormseed and used as an
anthelmintic. It occassions a peculiar temporary color
blindness, causing objects to appear as if seen through a
yellow glass.
Santoninate \San"to*nin`ate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of santoninic acid.
Santoninic \San`to*nin"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used specifically to
designate an acid not known in the free state, but obtained
in its salts.
Sao \Sa"o\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any marine annelid of the genus {Hyalin[ae]cia}, especially
{H. tubicola} of Europe, which inhabits a transparent movable
tube resembling a quill in color and texture.
Sap \Sap\, n. [AS. s[ae]p; akin to OHG. saf, G. saft, Icel.
safi; of uncertain origin; possibly akin to L. sapere to
taste, to be wise, sapa must or new wine boiled thick. Cf.
{Sapid}, {Sapient}.]
1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending
and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to
nutrition.
Note: The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of
which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes the
elaborated sap suited to the growth of the plant.
2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang]
{Sap ball} (Bot.), any large fungus of the genus Polyporus.
See {Polyporus}.
{Sap green}, a dull light green pigment prepared from the
juice of the ripe berries of the {Rhamnus catharticus}, or
buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists.
{Sap rot}, the dry rot. See under {Dry}.
{Sap sucker} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small
American woodpeckers of the genus {Sphyrapicus},
especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker ({S. varius}) of
the Eastern United States. They are so named because they
puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name
is loosely applied to other woodpeckers.
{Sap tube} (Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.
Sap \Sap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sapped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sapping}.] [F. saper (cf. Sp. zapar, It. zapare), fr. sape a
sort of scythe, LL. sappa a sort of mattock.]
1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to
undermine; to destroy the foundation of.
Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods,
Their houses fell upon their household gods.
--Dryden.
2. (Mil.) To pierce with saps.
3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.
Ring out the grief that saps the mind. --Tennyson.
Sap \Sap\, v. i.
To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute
saps. --W. P. Craighill.
Both assaults are carried on by sapping. --Tatler.
Sap \Sap\, n. (Mil.)
A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel
toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by
digging under cover of gabions, etc.
{Sap fagot} (Mil.), a fascine about three feet long, used in
sapping, to close the crevices between the gabions before
the parapet is made.
{Sap roller} (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven feet long,
filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls
along before him for protection from the fire of an enemy.
Sapadillo \Sap`a*dil"lo\, n.
See {Sapodila}.
Sapajo \Sap"a*jo\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The sapajou.
Sapajou \Sap"a*jou\, n. [F. sapajou, sajou, Braz. sajuassu.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the
genus {Cebus}, having long and prehensile tails. Some of the
species are called also {capuchins}. The bonnet sapajou ({C.
subcristatus}), the golden-handed sapajou ({C. chrysopus}),
and the white-throated sapajou ({C. hypoleucus}) are well
known species. See {Capuchin}.
Sapan wood \Sa*pan" wood\ [Malay sapang.] (Bot.)
A dyewood yielded by {C[ae]salpinia Sappan}, a thorny
leguminous tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands.
It is the original Brazil wood. [Written also {sappan wood}.]
Sapful \Sap"ful\, a.
Abounding in sap; sappy.
Saphead \Sap"head`\, n.
A weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]
Saphenous \Sa*phe"nous\, a. [Gr. ? manifest.] (Anat.)
(a) Manifest; -- applied to the two principal superficial
veins of the lower limb of man.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the saphenous
veins; as, the saphenous nerves; the saphenous opening,
an opening in the broad fascia of the thigh through which
the internal saphenous vein passes.
Sapid \Sap"id\, a. [L. sapidus, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F.
sapide. See {Sapient}, {Savor}.]
Having the power of affecting the organs of taste; possessing
savor, or flavor.
Camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud with
their feet. --Sir T.
Browne.
Sapidity \Sa*pid"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. sapidit['e].]
The quality or state of being sapid; taste; savor;
savoriness.
Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than
another. --M. S.
Lamson.
Sapidness \Sap"id*ness\, n.
Quality of being sapid; sapidity.
When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and relish of
the fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return.
--Jer. Taylor.
Sapience \Sa"pi*ence\, n. [L. sapientia: cf. F. sapience. See
{Sapient}..]
The quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge.
--Cowper.
Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your
scattered sapience. --Tennyson.
Sapient \Sa"pi*ent\, a. [L. sapiens, -entis, p. pr. of sapere to
taste, to have sense, to know. See {Sage}, a.]
Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in irony or contempt.
Where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair
Egyptian spouse. --Milton.
Syn: Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.
Sapiential \Sa`pi*en"tial\, a. [L. sapientialis.]
Having or affording wisdom. -- {Sa`pi*en"tial*ly}, adv.
The sapiential books of the Old [Testament]. --Jer.
Taylor.
Sapientious \Sa`pi*en"tious\, a.
Sapiential. [Obs.]
Sapientize \Sa"pi*ent*ize\, v. t.
To make sapient. [R.] --Coleridge.
Sapiently \Sa"pi*ent*ly\, adv.
In a sapient manner.
Sapindaceous \Sap`in*da"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to an order of trees and shrubs
({Sapindace[ae]}), including the (typical) genus Sapindus,
the maples, the margosa, and about seventy other genera.
Sapindus \Sa*pin"dus\, n. [NL., fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus
Indian.] (Bot.)
A genus of tropical and subtropical trees with pinnate leaves
and panicled flowers. The fruits of some species are used
instead of soap, and their round black seeds are made into
necklaces.
Sapless \Sap"less\, a.
1. Destitute of sap; not juicy.
2. Fig.: Dry; old; husky; withered; spiritless. ``A somewhat
sapless womanhood.'' --Lowell.
Now sapless on the verge of death he stands.
--Dryden.
sapling \sap"ling\, n.
A young tree. --Shak.
Sapodilla \Sap`o*dil"la\, n. [Sp. zapote, sapotillo, zapotillo,
Mexican cochit-zapotl. Cf. {Sapota}.] (Bot.)
A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree ({Achras Sapota});
also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla plum. [Written also
{sapadillo}, {sappadillo}, {sappodilla}, and {zapotilla}.]
{Sapodilla plum} (Bot.), the fruit of {Achras Sapota}. It is
about the size of an ordinary quince, having a rough,
brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being of a dirty
yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously sweet.
Called also {naseberry}. It is eatable only when it begins
to be spotted, and is much used in desserts.
Sapogenin \Sa*pog"e*nin\, n. [Saponin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition
of saponin.
Saponaceous \Sap`o*na"ceous\, a. [L. sapo, -onis, soap, of
Teutonic origin, and akin to E. soap. See {Soap}.]
Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.
Note: Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an acid and a base,
and are in reality a kind of salt.
Saponacity \Sap`o*nac"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being saponaceous.
Saponary \Sap"o*na*ry\, a.
Saponaceous. --Boyle.
Saponifiable \Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble\, a.
Capable of conversion into soap; as, a saponifiable
substance.
Saponification \Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. saponification.
See {Saponify}.]
The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into
soap; specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and
other ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of
ethyl acetate.
Saponifier \Sa*pon"i*fi`er\, n. (Chem.)
That which saponifies; any reagent used to cause
saponification.
Saponify \Sa*pon"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Saponified}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Saponifying}.] [L. sapo, -onis, soap + -fy: cf. F.
saponifier.]
To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to
subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts
undergo in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.
Saponin \Sap"o*nin\, n. [L. sapo, -onis soap: cf. F. saponine.]
(Chem.)
A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of
soapwort ({Saponaria}), in the bark of soap bark
({Quillaia}), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphous
powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and
produces a local an[ae]sthesia. Formerly called also
{struthiin}, {quillaiin}, {senegin}, {polygalic acid}, etc.
By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which
saponin proper is the type.
Saponite \Sap"o*nite\, n. [Sw. saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis,
soap.] (Min.)
A hydrous silicate of magnesia and alumina. It occurs in
soft, soapy, amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine
and cavities in trap rock.
Saponul \Sap"o*nul\, n. [F. saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.]
(Old Chem.)
A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an
alkali; hence, any similar compound of an essential oil.
[Written also {saponule}.] [Obs.]
Sapor \Sa"por\, n. [L. See {Savor}.]
Power of affecting the organs of taste; savor; flavor; taste.
There is some sapor in all aliments. --Sir T.
Browne.
Saporific \Sap`o*rif"ic\, a. [L. sapor taste + facere to make.]
Having the power to produce the sensation of taste; producing
taste, flavor, or relish.
Saporosity \Sap`o*ros"i*ty\, n.
The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of
taste.
Saporous \Sap"o*rous\, a. [L. saporus that relishes well,
savory, fr. sapor taste.]
Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.] --Bailey.
Sapota \Sa*po"ta\, n. [NL., from Sp. sapote, zapote. See
{Sapodilla}.] (Bot.)
The sapodilla.
Sapotaceous \Sap`o*ta"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order ({Sapotace[ae]}) of
(mostly tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star apple,
the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree
({Isonandra}), and the India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla,
or sapota, after which the order is named.
Sappan wood \Sap*pan" wood"\
Sapan wood.
Sappare \Sap"pare\, n. [F. sappare; -- so called by Saussure.]
(Min.)
Kyanite. [Written also {sappar}.]
Sapper \Sap"per\, n. [Cf. F. sapeur.]
One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one who is employed in
working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and
the like.
Sapphic \Sap"phic\, a. [L. Sapphicus, Gr. ?, fr. ? Sappho.]
1. Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as,
Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse.
2. (Pros.) Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; -- said
of a certain kind of verse reputed to have been invented
by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which the first,
fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a spondee,
and the third a dactyl.
Sapphic \Sap"phic\, n. (Pros.)
A Sapphic verse.
Sapphire \Sap"phire\ (? or ?; 277), n. [OE. saphir, F. saphir,
L. sapphirus, Gr. ?, of Oriental origin; cf. Heb. sapp[=i]r.]
1. (Min.) Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, {Al2O3};
corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum,
highly prized as a gem.
Of rubies, sapphires, and of pearl['e]s white.
--Chaucer.
Note: Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in
granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is
usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the
bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see
under {Ruby}), the amethystine variety Oriental
amethyst (see under {Amethyst}), and the dull massive
varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a
general term to include all varieties). See {Corundum}.
2. The color of the gem; bright blue.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any humming bird of the genus {Hylocharis},
native of South America. The throat and breast are usually
bright blue.
{Star sapphire}, or {Asteriated sapphire} (Min.), a kind of
sapphire which exhibits asterism.
Sapphire \Sap"phire\, a.
Of or resembling sapphire; sapphirine; blue. ``The sapphire
blaze.'' --Gray.
Sapphirine \Sap"phir*ine\, n.
Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or
any quality of sapphire. ``Sapphirine degree of hardness.''
--Boyle.
Sappho \Sap"pho\, n. [See {Sapphic}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of brilliant South American
humming birds of the genus {Sappho}, having very
bright-colored and deeply forked tails; -- called also
{firetail}.
Sappiness \Sap"pi*ness\, n.
The quality of being sappy; juiciness.
Sappodilla \Sap`po*dil"la\, n. (Bot.)
See {Sapodilla}.
Sappy \Sap"py\, a. [Compar. {Sappier}; superl. {Sappiest}.]
[From 1st {Sap}.]
1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juicy; succulent.
2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble.
When he had passed this weak and sappy age.
--Hayward.
3. Weak in intellect. [Low]
4. (Bot.) Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting largely
of, sapwood.
Sappy \Sap"py\, a. [Written also {sapy}.] [Cf. L. sapere to
taste.]
Musty; tainted. [Obs.]
Saprophagan \Sa*proph"a*gan\, n. [Gr. sapro`s rotten + fagei^n
to eat: cf. F. saprophage.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon decaying animal and
vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.
Saprophagous \Sa*proph"a*gous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Feeding on carrion.
Saprophyte \Sap"ro*phyte\, n. [Gr. sapro`s rotten + fyto`n a
plant.] (Bot.)
Any plant growing on decayed animal or vegetable matter, as
most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as
the Indian pipe.
Saprophytic \Sap`ro*phyt"ic\, a.
Feeding or growing upon decaying animal or vegetable matter;
pertaining to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.
Sapsago \Sap"sa*go\, n. [G. schabzieger; schaben to shave, to
scrape + zieger a sort of whey.]
A kind of Swiss cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with
melilot.
Sapskull \Sap"skull`\, n.
A saphead. [Low]
Sapucaia \Sap`u*ca"ia\ (?; Pg. ?), n. [Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.)
A Brazilian tree. See {Lecythis}, and {Monkey-pot}. [Written
also {sapucaya}.]
{Sapucaia nut} (Bot.), the seed of the sapucaia; -- called
also {paradise nut}.
Sapwood \Sap"wood`\, n. (Bot.)
The alburnum, or part of the wood of any exogenous tree next
to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the
sap flows most freely; -- distinguished from {heartwood}.
Sarabaite \Sar"a*ba*ite\, n. [LL. Saraba["i]tae, pl.] (Eccl.
Hist.)
One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the
early church.
Saraband \Sar"a*band\, n. [F. sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per.
serbend a song.]
A slow Spanish dance of Saracenic origin, to an air in triple
time; also, the air itself.
She has brought us the newest saraband from the court
of Queen Mab. --Sir W.
Scott.
Saracen \Sar"a*cen\, n. [L. Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi,
pl. sharqi[=i]n, Oriental, Eastern, fr. sharaqa to rise, said
of the sun: cf. F. sarrasin. Cf. {Sarcenet}, {Sarrasin},
{Sirocco}.]
Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages,
the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan
hostile to the crusaders.
{Saracens' consound} (Bot.), a kind of ragwort ({Senecio
Saracenicus}), anciently used to heal wounds.
Saracenic \Sar`a*cen"ic\, Saracenical \Sar`a*cen"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Saracens; as, Saracenic architecture.
``Saracenic music.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Sarasin \Sar"a*sin\, n. (Arch.)
See {Sarrasin}.
Saraswati \Sa`ras*wa"ti\, n. [Skr. Sarasvat[=i].] (Hind. Myth.)
The sakti or wife of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning,
music, and poetry.
Sarcasm \Sar"casm\, n. [F. sarcasme, L. sarcasmus, Gr.
sarkasmo`s, from sarka`zein to tear flesh like dogs, to bite
the lips in rage, to speak bitterly, to sneer, fr. sa`rx,
sa`rkos, flesh.]
A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered
with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a
cutting jest.
The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be
a matter of inspiration. --Sir J.
Reynolds.
Syn: Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.
Sarcasmous \Sar*cas"mous\, a.
Sarcastic. [Obs.] ``Sarcasmous scandal.'' --Hubidras.
Sarcastic \Sar*cas"tic\, Sarcastical \Sar*cas"tic*al\, a.
Expressing, or expressed by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of
the nature of, sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly
satirical; scornfully severe; taunting.
What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this
have drawn from the friendship of the world! --South.
Sarcastically \Sar*cas"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In a sarcastic manner.
Sarcel \Sar"cel\, n. [OF. cercel, F. cerceau, L. circellus, dim.
of circulus. See {Circle}.]
One of the outer pinions or feathers of the wing of a bird,
esp. of a hawk.
Sarceled \Sar"celed\, a. (her.)
Cut through the middle.
Sarcelle \Sar`celle"\, n. [F., fr. L. querquedula.] (Zo["o]l.)
The old squaw, or long-tailed duck.
Sarcenet \Sarce"net\, n. [OF. sarcenet; cf. LL. saracenicum
cloth made by Saracens. See {Saracen}.]
A species of fine thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc.
[Written also {sarsenet}.]
Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye. --Shak.
Sarcin \Sar"cin\, n.
Same as {Hypoxanthin}.
Sarcina \Sar*ci"na\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? of flesh, fr. sa`rx,
sa`rkos, flesh.] (Biol.)
A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids,
especially in those those of the stomach, associated with
certain diseases. The individual organisms undergo division
along two perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication
takes place in two directions, giving groups of four cubical
cells. Also used adjectively; as, a sarcina micrococcus; a
sarcina group.
{Sarcina form} (Biol.), the tetrad form seen in the division
of a dumb-bell group of micrococci into four; -- applied
particularly to bacteria. See {micrococcus}.
Sarcle \Sar"cle\, v. t. [F. sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to
hoe, fr. sarculum hoe.]
To weed, or clear of weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.] --Ainsworth.
Sarco- \Sar"co-\
A combining form from Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh; as,
sarcophagous, flesh-eating; sarcology.
Sarcobasis \Sar*cob"a*sis\, n.; pl. {Sarcobases}. [NL., fr. Gr.
sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + ? base.] (Bot.)
A fruit consisting of many dry indehiscent cells, which
contain but few seeds and cohere about a common style, as in
the mallows.
Sarcoblast \Sar"co*blast\, n. [Sarco- + -blast.] (Zo["o]l.)
A minute yellowish body present in the interior of certain
rhizopods.
Sarcocarp \Sar"co*carp\, n. [Sarco- + Gr. ? fruit: cf. F.
sarcocarpe.] (Bot.)
The fleshy part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin,
or epicarp, and the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See
Illust. of {Endocarp}.
Note: The term has also been used to denote any fruit which
is fleshy throughout. --M. T. Masters.
Sarcocele \Sar"co*cele\, n. [Gr. ?; sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + ?
tumor: cf. F. sarcoc[`e]le.] (Med.)
Any solid tumor of the testicle.
Sarcocol \Sar"co*col\, Sarcocolla \Sar`co*col"la\, n. [L.
sarcocolla, from Gr. ?; sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + ? glue: cf.
F. sarcocolle.]
A gum resin obtained from certain shrubs of Africa
({Pen[ae]a}), -- formerly thought to cause healing of wounds
and ulcers.
Sarcode \Sar"code\, n. [Gr. ? fleshy; sa`rx, flesh + e'i^dos
form. Cf. {Sarcoid}.] (Biol.)
A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the gelatinous material
forming the bodies of the lowest animals; protoplasm.
Sarcoderm \Sar"co*derm\, sarcoderma \sar`co*der"ma\, n. [NL.
sarcoderma. See {Sarco-}, and {Derm}.] (Bot.)
(a) A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external
and internal integuments.
(b) A sarcocarp.
Sarcodic \Sar*cod"ic\ (? or ?), a. (Biol.)
Of or pertaining to sarcode.
Sarcoid \Sar"coid\, a. [Gr. ?. See {Sarcode}.] (Biol.)
Resembling flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.
Sarcolactic \Sar`co*lac"tic\, a. [Sarco- + lactic.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
Relating to muscle and milk; as, sarcolactic acid. See
{Lactic acid}, under {Lactic}.
Sarcolemma \Sar`co*lem"ma\, n. [NL., from Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos,
flesh + ? rind, skin.] (Anat.)
The very thin transparent and apparently homogeneous sheath
which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the myolemma.
Sarcoline \Sar"co*line\, a. [Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] (Min.)
Flesh-colored.
Sarcologic \Sar`co*log"ic\, Sarcological \Sar`co*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to sarcology.
Sarcology \Sar*col"o*gy\, n. [Sarco- + -logy: cf. F.
sarcologie.]
That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts. It
includes myology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology.
Sarcoma \Sar*co"ma\, n.; pl. L. {Sarcomata} (# or #), E.
{sarcomas}. [NL., from Gr. ?, from sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.]
(Med.)
A tumor of fleshy consistence; -- formerly applied to many
varieties of tumor, now restricted to a variety of malignant
growth made up of cells resembling those of fetal development
without any proper intercellular substance.
Sarcomatous \Sar*com"a*tous\ (? or ?), a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling sarcoma.
Sarcophaga \Sar*coph"a*ga\, n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. See
{Sarcophagus}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of carnivorous and insectivorous marsupials
including the dasyures and the opossums.
Sarcophaga \Sar*coph"a*ga\, n. [NL., fem. sing. See
{Sarcophagus}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of Diptera, including the flesh flies.
Sarcophagan \Sar*coph"a*gan\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any animal which eats flesh, especially any
carnivorous marsupial.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any fly of the genus Sarcophaga.
Sarcophagous \Sar*coph"a*gous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating; carnivorous.
Sarcophagus \Sar*coph"a*gus\, n.; pl. L. {Sarcophagi}, E.
{Sarcophaguses}. [L., fr. Gr. sarkofa`gos, properly, eating
flesh; sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + fagei^n to eat. Cf.
{Sarcasm}.]
1. A species of limestone used among the Greeks for making
coffins, which was so called because it consumed within a
few weeks the flesh of bodies deposited in it. It is
otherwise called {lapis Assius}, or {Assian stone}, and is
said to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia.
--Holland.
2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of stone
described above; hence, any stone coffin.
3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by a grave as
a memorial.
Sarcophagy \Sar*coph"a*gy\, n. [Gr. sarkofagi`a. See
{Sarcophagus}.]
The practice of eating flesh.
Sarcophile \Sar"co*phile\, n. [Sacro- + Gr. ? a lover.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A flesh-eating animal, especially any one of the carnivorous
marsupials.
Sarcoptes \Sar*cop"tes\, n. [NL., from Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh
+ ko`ptein to cut.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of parasitic mites including the itch mites.
Sarcoptid \Sar*cop"tid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of the genus {Sarcoptes} and related genera of
mites, comprising the itch mites and mange mites. -- a. Of or
pertaining to the itch mites.
Sarcorhamphi \Sar`co*rham"phi\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sa`rx,
sa`rkos, flesh + ? beak.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of raptorial birds comprising the vultures.
Sarcoseptum \Sar`co*sep"tum\, n.; pl. {Sarcosepta}. [Sarco- +
septum.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the mesenteries of an anthozoan.
Sarcosin \Sar"co*sin\, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in the
decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle
tissue). Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.
Sarcosis \Sar*co"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. sa`rx, sa`rkos,
flesh.] (Med.)
(a) Abnormal formation of flesh.
(b) Sarcoma.
Sarcotic \Sar*cot"ic\, a. [Gr. ?: cf. F. sarcotique.] (Med.)
Producing or promoting the growth of flesh. [R.] -- n. A
sarcotic medicine. [R.]
Sarcous \Sar"cous\, a. [Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] (Anat.)
Fleshy; -- applied to the minute structural elements, called
sarcous elements, or sarcous disks, of which striated
muscular fiber is composed.
Sarculation \Sar`cu*la"tion\, n. [L. sarculatio. See {Sarcle}.]
A weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.
Sard \Sard\, n. [L. sarda, Gr. ?, or ? (sc. ?), i.e., Sardian
stone, fr. ? Sardian, ? Sardes, the capital of Lydia: cf. F.
sarde. Cf. {Sardius}.] (Min.)
A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish
red color. See the Note under Chalcedony.
Sardachate \Sar"da*chate\, n. [L. sardachates: cf. F.
sardachate. See {Sard}, and {Agate}.] (Min.)
A variety of agate containing sard.
Sardan \Sar"dan\, Sardel \Sar"del\, n. [It. sardella. See
{Sardine} a fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
A sardine. [Obs.]
Sardel \Sar"del\, n.
A precious stone. See {Sardius}.
Sardine \Sar"dine\ (? or ?; 277), n. [F. sardine (cf. Sp.
sardina, sarda, It. sardina, sardella), L. sardina, sarda;
cf. Gr. ?, ?; so called from the island of Sardinia, Gr. ?.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several small species of herring which are
commonly preserved in olive oil for food, especially the
pilchard, or European sardine ({Clupea pilchardus}). The
California sardine ({Clupea sagax}) is similar. The American
sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the
common herring and of the menhaden.
Sardine \Sar"dine\ (? or ?; 277), n.
See {Sardius}.
Sardinian \Sar*din"i*an\, a. [L. Sardinianus.]
Of or pertaining to the island, kingdom, or people of
Sardinia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Sardinia.
Sardius \Sar"di*us\, n. [L. sardius, lapis sardinus, Gr. ?, ?,
?. See {Sard}.]
A precious stone, probably a carnelian, one of which was set
in Aaron's breastplate. --Ex. xxviii. 17.
Sardoin \Sar"doin\, n. [Cf. F. sardoine.] (Min.)
Sard; carnelian.
Sardonian \Sar*do"ni*an\, a. [Cf. F. sardonien.]
Sardonic. [Obs.] ``With Sardonian smile.'' --Spenser.
Sardonic \Sar*don"ic\, a. [F. sardonique, L. sardonius, Gr. ?,
?, perhaps fr. ? to grin like a dog, or from a certain plant
of Sardinia, Gr. ?, which was said to screw up the face of
the eater.]
Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking,
malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied only to a laugh,
smile, or some facial semblance of gayety.
Where strained, sardonic smiles are glozing still, And
grief is forced to laugh against her will. --Sir H.
Wotton.
The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody
ruffian. --Burke.
{Sardonic grin} or {laugh}, an old medical term for a
spasmodic affection of the muscles of the face, giving it
an appearance of laughter.
Sardonic \Sar*don"ic\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a kind of linen made at
Colchis.
Sardonyx \Sar"do*nyx\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?. See {Sard}, and
{Onyx}.] (Min.)
A variety of onyx consisting of sard and white chalcedony in
alternate layers.
Saree \Sa"ree\, n. [Hind. ?.]
The principal garment of a Hindoo woman. It consists of a
long piece of cloth, which is wrapped round the middle of the
body, a portion being arranged to hang down in front, and the
remainder passed across the bosom over the left shoulder.
Sargasso \Sar*gas"so\, n. [Sp. sargazo seaweed.] (Bot.)
The gulf weed. See under {Gulf}.
{Sargasso Sea}, a large tract of the North Atlantic Ocean
where sargasso in great abundance floats on the surface.
Sargassum \Sar*gas"sum\, n. [NL.]
A genus of alg[ae] including the gulf weed.
Sargo \Sar"go\, n. [Sp. sargo, L. sargus a kind of fish.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of sparoid fishes belonging to
{Sargus}, {Pomadasys}, and related genera; -- called also
{sar}, and {saragu}.
Sari \Sa"ri\, n.
Same as {Saree}.
Sarigue \Sa*rigue"\, n. [F., from Braz. [,c]arigueia,
[,c]arigueira.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small South American opossum ({Didelphys opossum}), having
four white spots on the face.
Sark \Sark\, n. [AS. serce, syrce, a shirt; akin to Icel. serkr,
Sw. s["a]rk.]
A shirt. [Scot.]
Sark \Sark\, v. t. (Carp.)
To cover with sarking, or thin boards.
Sarkin \Sar"kin\, n. [Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
Same as {Hypoxanthin}.
Sarking \Sark"ing\, n. [From {Sark} shirt.] (Carp.)
Thin boards for sheathing, as above the rafters, and under
the shingles or slates, and for similar purposes.
Sarlac \Sar"lac\, Sarlyk \Sar"lyk\, n. [Mongolian sarlyk.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The yak.
Sarmatian \Sar*ma"tian\, Sarmatic \Sar*mat"ic\, a. [L.
Sarmaticus.]
Of or pertaining to Sarmatia, or its inhabitants, the
ancestors of the Russians and the Poles.
Sarment \Sar"ment\, n. [L. sarmentum a twig, fr. sarpere to cut
off, to trim: cf. F. sarment.] (Bot.)
A prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of the strawberry.
See {Runner}.
Sarmentaceous \Sar`men*ta"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Bearing sarments, or runners, as the strawberry.
Sarmentose \Sar`men*tose"\ (? or ?), a. [L. sarmentosus: cf. F.
sarmenteux. See {Sarment}.] (Bot.)
(a) Long and filiform, and almost naked, or having only
leaves at the joints where it strikes root; as, a
sarmentose stem.
(b) Bearing sarments; sarmentaceous.
Sarmentous \Sar*men"tous\, a. (Bot.)
Sarmentose.
Sarn \Sarn\, n. [W. sarn a causeway, paving.]
A pavement or stepping-stone. [Prov. Eng.] --Johnson.
Sarong \Sa"rong\, n. [Malay s[=a]rung.]
A sort of petticoat worn by both sexes in Java and the Malay
Archipelago. --Balfour (Cyc. of India)
Saros \Sa"ros\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?] (Astron)
A Chaldean astronomical period or cycle, the length of which
has been variously estimated from 3,600 years to 3,600 days,
or a little short of 10 years. --Brande & C.
Sarplar \Sar"plar\, n. [Cf. LL. sarplare. See {Sarplier}.]
A large bale or package of wool, containing eighty tods, or
2,240 pounds, in weight. [Eng.]
Sarplier \Sar"plier\, n. [F. serpilli[`e]re; cf. Pr.
sarpelheira, LL. serpelleria, serpleria, Catalan sarpallera,
Sp. arpillera.]
A coarse cloth made of hemp, and used for packing goods, etc.
[Written also {sarpelere}.] --Tyrwhitt.
Sarpo \Sar"po\, n. [Corruption of Sp. sapo a toad.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large toadfish of the Southern United States and the Gulf
of Mexico ({Batrachus tau}, var. pardus).
Sarracenia \Sar`ra*ce"ni*a\, n. [NL. So named after a Dr.
Sarrazin of Quebec.] (Bot.)
A genus of American perennial herbs growing in bogs; the
American pitcher plant.
Note: They have hollow pitcher-shaped or tubular leaves, and
solitary flowers with an umbrella-shaped style.
{Sarracenia purpurea}, the sidesaddle flower, is common
at the North; {S. flava}, {rubra}, {Drummondii},
{variolaris}, and {psittacina} are Southern species.
All are insectivorous, catching and drowning insects in
their curious leaves. See {Illust}. of Sidesaddle
flower, under {Sidesaddle}.
Sarrasin \Sar"ra*sin\, Sarrasine \Sar"ra*sine\, n. [F.
sarrasine, LL. saracina. See {Saracen}.] (Fort.)
A portcullis, or herse. [Written also {sarasin}.]
Sarsa \Sar"sa\, n.
Sarsaparilla. [Written also {sarza}.]
Sarsaparilla \Sar`sa*pa*ril"la\, n. [Sp. zarzaparrilla; zarza a
bramble (perhaps fr. Bisc. zartzia) + parra a vine, or
Parillo, a physician said to have discovered it.] (Bot.)
(a) Any plant of several tropical American species of
{Smilax}.
(b) The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants, used in
medicine and in sirups for soda, etc.
Note: The name is also applied to many other plants and their
roots, especially to the {Aralia nudicaulis}, the wild
sarsaparilla of the United States.
Sarsaparillin \Sar`sa*pa*ril"lin\, n.
See {Parillin}.
Sarse \Sarse\, n. [F. sas, OF. saas, LL. setatium, fr. L. seta a
stiff hair.]
A fine sieve; a searce. [Obs.]
Sarse \Sarse\, v. t.
To sift through a sarse. [Obs.]
Sarsen \Sar"sen\, n. [Etymol. uncertain; perhaps for saracen
stone, i.e., a heathen or pagan stone or monument.]
One of the large sandstone blocks scattered over the English
chalk downs; -- called also {sarsen stone}, and {Druid
stone}. [Eng.]
Sarsenet \Sarse"net\, n.
See {Sarcenet}.
Sart \Sart\, n.
An assart, or clearing. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Sartorial \Sar*to"ri*al\, a. [See {Sartorius}.]
1. Of or pertaining to a tailor or his work.
Our legs skulked under the table as free from
sartorial impertinences as those of the noblest
savages. --Lowell.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sartorius muscle.
Sartorius \Sar*to"ri*us\, n. [NL., fr. L. sartor a patcher,
tailor, fr. sarcire, sartum, to patch, mend.] (Anat.)
A muscle of the thigh, called the tailor's muscle, which
arises from the hip bone and is inserted just below the knee.
So named because its contraction was supposed to produce the
position of the legs assumed by the tailor in sitting.
Sarum use \Sa"rum use`\ (Ch. of Eng.)
A liturgy, or use, put forth about 1087 by St. Osmund, bishop
of Sarum, based on Anglo-Saxon and Norman customs.
Sash \Sash\, n. [Pers. shast a sort of girdle.]
A scarf or band worn about the waist, over the shoulder, or
otherwise; a belt; a girdle, -- worn by women and children as
an ornament; also worn as a badge of distinction by military
officers, members of societies, etc.
Sash \Sash\, v. t.
To adorn with a sash or scarf. --Burke.
Sash \Sash\, n. [F. ch[^a]ssis a frame, sash, fr. ch[^a]sse a
shrine, reliquary, frame, L. capsa. See {Case} a box.]
1. The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a
glazed window or door, including the narrow bars between
the panes.
2. In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the saw is
strained and by which it is carried up and down with a
reciprocating motion; -- also called {gate}.
{French sash}, a casement swinging on hinges; -- in
distinction from a vertical sash sliding up and down.
Sash \Sash\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sashed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sashing}.]
To furnish with a sash or sashes; as, to sash a door or a
window.
Sashery \Sash"er*y\, n. [From 1st {Sash}.]
A collection of sashes; ornamentation by means of sashes.
[R.]
Distinguished by their sasheries and insignia.
--Carlyle.
Sashoon \Sash"oon\, n. [Etymology uncertain.]
A kind of pad worn on the leg under the boot. [Obs.] --Nares.
Sasin \Sa"sin\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The Indian antelope ({Antilope bezoartica, or cervicapra}),
noted for its beauty and swiftness. It has long, spiral,
divergent horns.
Sassaby \Sas"sa*by\, Sassabye \Sas"sa*bye\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large African antelope ({Alcelaphus lunata}), similar to
the hartbeest, but having its horns regularly curved.
Sassafras \Sas"sa*fras\, n. [F. sassafras (cf. It. sassafrasso,
sassafras, Sp. sasafras, salsafras, salsifrax, salsifragia,
saxifragia), fr. L. saxifraga saxifrage. See {Saxifrage}.]
(Bot.)
An American tree of the Laurel family ({Sassafras
officinale}); also, the bark of the roots, which has an
aromatic smell and taste.
{Australian sassafras}, a lofty tree ({Doryophora Sassafras})
with aromatic bark and leaves.
{Chilian sassafras}, an aromatic tree ({Laurelia
sempervirens}).
{New Zealand sassafras}, a similar tree ({Laurelia Nov[ae]
Zelandi[ae]}).
{Sassafras nut}. See {Pichurim bean}.
{Swamp sassafras}, the sweet bay ({Magnolia glauca}). See
{Magnolia}.
Sassanage \Sas"sa*nage\, n. [See {Sarse} a sieve.]
Stones left after sifting. --Smart.
Sassarara \Sas`sa*ra"ra\, n. [Perh. a corruption of certiorari,
the name of a writ.]
A word used to emphasize a statement. [Obs.]
Out she shall pack, with a sassarara. --Goldsmith.
Sasse \Sasse\, n. [D. sas, fr. F. sas the basin of a waterfall.]
A sluice or lock, as in a river, to make it more navigable.
[Obs.] --Pepys.
Sassenach \Sas"sen*ach\, n. [Gael. sasunnach.]
A Saxon; an Englishman; a Lowlander. [Celtic] --Sir W. Scott.
Sassolin \Sas"so*lin\, Sassoline \Sas"so*line\, n. [From Sasso,
a town in Italy: cf. F. sassolin.] (Min.)
Native boric acid, found in saline incrustations on the
borders of hot springs near Sasso, in the territory of
Florence.
Sassorol \Sas"so*rol\, Sassorolla \Sas`so*rol"la\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The rock pigeon. See under {Pigeon}.
Sassy bark \Sas"sy bark`\ (Bot.)
The bark of a West African leguminous tree ({Erythrophl[ae]um
Guineense}, used by the natives as an ordeal poison, and also
medicinally; -- called also {mancona bark}.
Sastra \Sas"tra\, n.
Same as {Shaster}.
Sat \Sat\,
imp. of {Sit}. [Written also {sate}.]
Satan \Sa"tan\, n. [Heb. s[=a]t[=a]n an adversary, fr. s[=a]tan
to be adverse, to persecute: cf. Gr. ?, ?, L. Satan,
Satanas.]
The grand adversary of man; the Devil, or Prince of darkness;
the chief of the fallen angels; the archfiend.
I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. --Luke x.
18.
Satanic \Sa*tan"ic\, Satanical \Sa*tan"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
satanique, Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to Satan; having the qualities of Satan;
resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish;
infernal. ``Satanic strength.'' ``Satanic host.'' --Milton.
Detest the slander which, with a Satanic smile, exults
over the character it has ruined. --Dr. T.
Dwight.
-- {Sa*tan"ic*al*ly}, adv. -- {Sa*tan"ic*al*ness}, n.
Satanism \Sa"tan*ism\, n.
The evil and malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical
spirit. [R.]
Satanist \Sa"tan*ist\, n.
A very wicked person. [R.] --Granger.
Satanophany \Sa`tan*oph"a*ny\, n. [Satan + Gr. ? to appear.]
An incarnation of Satan; a being possessed by a demon. [R.]
--O. A. Brownson.
Satchel \Satch"el\n. [OF. sachel, fr. L. saccellus, dim. of
saccus. See {Sack} a bag.]
A little sack or bag for carrying papers, books, or small
articles of wearing apparel; a hand bag. [Spelled also
{sachel}.]
The whining schoolboy with his satchel. --Shak.
Sate \Sate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sating}.] [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satur
full. See {Satiate}.]
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to
surfeit.
Crowds of wanderers sated with the business and
pleasure of great cities. --Macaulay.
Sate \Sate\,
imp. of {Sit}.
But sate an equal guest at every board. --Lowell.
Sateen \Sat*een"\, n. [Cf. {Satin}.]
A kind of dress goods made of cotton or woolen, with a glossy
surface resembling satin.
Sateless \Sate"less\, a.
Insatiable. [R.] --Young.
Satellite \Sat"el*lite\, n. [F., fr. L. satelles, -itis, an
attendant.]
1. An attendant attached to a prince or other powerful
person; hence, an obsequious dependent. ``The satellites
of power.'' --I. Disraeli.
2. (Astron.) A secondary planet which revolves about another
planet; as, the moon is a satellite of the earth. See
{Solar system}, under {Solar}.
{Satellite moth} (Zo["o]l.), a handsome European noctuid moth
({Scopelosoma satellitia}).
Satellite \Sat"el*lite\, a. (Anat.)
Situated near; accompanying; as, the satellite veins, those
which accompany the arteries.
Satellitious \Sat`el*li"tious\, a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, satellites. [R.] --Cheyne.
Sathanas \Sath"an*as\, n. [L. Satanas. See {Satan}]
Satan. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Wyclif.
Satiate \Sa"ti*ate\, a. [L. satiatus, p. p. of satiare to
satisfy, from sat, satis, enough. See {Sad}, a., and cf.
{Sate}.]
Filled to satiety; glutted; sated; -- followed by with or of.
``Satiate of applause.'' --Pope.
Satiate \Sa"ti*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Satiated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Satiating}.]
1. To satisfy the appetite or desire of; to feed to the full;
to furnish enjoyment to, to the extent of desire; to sate;
as, to satiate appetite or sense.
These [smells] rather woo the sense than satiate it.
--Bacon.
I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although
they should be satiated with my blood. --Eikon
Basilike.
2. To full beyond natural desire; to gratify to repletion or
loathing; to surfeit; to glut.
3. To saturate. [Obs.] --Sir I. Newton.
Syn: To satisfy; sate; suffice; cloy; gorge; overfill;
surfeit; glut.
Usage: {Satiate}, {Satisfy}, {Content}. These words differ
principally in degree. To content is to make
contented, even though every desire or appetite is not
fully gratified. To satisfy is to appease fully the
longings of desire. To satiate is to fill so
completely that it is not possible to receive or enjoy
more; hence, to overfill; to cause disgust in.
Content with science in the vale of peace.
--Pope.
His whole felicity is endless strife; No peace,
no satisfaction, crowns his life. --Beaumont.
He may be satiated, but not satisfied. --Norris.
Satiation \Sa`ti*a"tion\, n.
Satiety.
Satiety \Sa*ti"e*ty\, n. [L. satietas, from satis, sat, enough:
cf. F. sati['e]t['e].]
The state of being satiated or glutted; fullness of
gratification, either of the appetite or of any sensual
desire; fullness beyond desire; an excess of gratification
which excites wearisomeness or loathing; repletion;
satiation.
In all pleasures there is satiety. --Hakewill.
But thy words, with grace divine Imbued, bring to their
sweetness no satiety. --Milton.
Syn: Repletion; satiation; surfeit; cloyment.
Satin \Sat"in\, n. [F. satin (cf. Pg. setim), fr. It. setino,
from seta silk, L. saeta, seta, a thick, stiff hair, a
bristle; or possibly ultimately of Chinese origin; cf. Chin.
sz-t["u]n, sz-twan. Cf. {Sateen}.]
A silk cloth, of a thick, close texture, and overshot woof,
which has a glossy surface.
Cloths of gold and satins rich of hue. --Chaucer.
{Denmark satin}, a kind of lasting; a stout worsted stuff,
woven with a satin twill, used for women's shoes.
{Farmer's satin}. See under {Farmer}.
{Satin bird} (Zo["o]l.), an Australian bower bird. Called
also {satin grackle}.
{Satin flower} (Bot.) See {Honesty}, 4.
{Satin spar}. (Min.)
(a) A fine fibrous variety of calcite, having a pearly
luster.
(b) A similar variety of gypsum.
{Satin sparrow} (Zo["o]l.), the shining flycatcher ({Myiagra
nitida}) of Tasmania and Australia. The upper surface of
the male is rich blackish green with a metallic luster.
{Satin stone}, satin spar.
Satinet \Sat`i*net"\, n. [F., fr. satin. See {Satin}.]
1. A thin kind of satin.
2. A kind of cloth made of cotton warp and woolen filling,
used chiefly for trousers.
Satinwood \Sat"in*wood`\, n. (Bot.)
The hard, lemon-colored, fragrant wood of an East Indian tree
({Chloroxylon Swietenia}). It takes a lustrous finish, and is
used in cabinetwork. The name is also given to the wood of a
species of prickly ash ({Xanthoxylum Carib[ae]um}) growing in
Florida and the West Indies.
Satiny \Sat"in*y\, a.
Like or composed of satin; glossy; as, to have a satiny
appearance; a satiny texture.
Sation \Sa"tion\, n. [L. satio, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]
A sowing or planting. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Satire \Sat"ire\ (?; in Eng. often ?; 277), n. [L. satira,
satura, fr. satura (sc. lanx) a dish filled with various
kinds of fruits, food composed of various ingredients, a
mixture, a medley, fr. satur full of food, sated, fr. sat,
satis, enough: cf. F. satire. See {Sate}, {Sad}, a., and cf.
{Saturate}.]
1. A composition, generally poetical, holding up vice or
folly to reprobation; a keen or severe exposure of what in
public or private morals deserves rebuke; an invective
poem; as, the Satires of Juvenal.
2. Keeness and severity of remark; caustic exposure to
reprobation; trenchant wit; sarcasm.
Syn: Lampoon; sarcasm; irony; ridicule; pasquinade;
burlesque; wit; humor.
Satiric \Sa*tir"ic\, Satirical \Sa*tir"ic*al\, a. [L. satiricus:
cf. F. satirique.]
1. Of or pertaining to satire; of the nature of satire; as, a
satiric style.
2. Censorious; severe in language; sarcastic; insulting.
``Satirical rogue.'' --Shak.
Syn: Cutting; caustic; poignant; sarcastic; ironical; bitter;
reproachful; abusive. -- {Sa*tir"ic*al*ly}, adv. --
{Sa*tir"ic*al*ness}, n.
Satirist \Sat"ir*ist\, n. [Cf. F. satiriste.]
One who satirizes; especially, one who writes satire.
The mighty satirist, who . . . had spread terror
through the Whig ranks. --Macaulay.
Satirize \Sat"ir*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Satirized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Satirizing}.] [Cf. F. satiriser.]
To make the object of satire; to attack with satire; to
censure with keenness or severe sarcasm.
It is as hard to satirize well a man of distinguished
vices, as to praise well a man of distinguished
virtues. --Swift.
Satisfaction \Sat`is*fac"tion\, n. [OE. satisfaccioun, F.
satisfaction, fr. L. satisfactio, fr. satisfacere to satisfy.
See {Satisfy}.]
1. The act of satisfying, or the state of being satisfied;
gratification of desire; contentment in possession and
enjoyment; repose of mind resulting from compliance with
its desires or demands.
The mind having a power to suspend the execution and
satisfaction of any of its desires. --Locke.
2. Settlement of a claim, due, or demand; payment;
indemnification; adequate compensation.
We shall make full satisfaction. --Shak.
3. That which satisfies or gratifies; atonement.
Die he, or justice must; unless for him Some other,
able, and as willing, pay The rigid satisfaction,
death for death. --Milton.
Syn: Contentment; content; gratification; pleasure;
recompense; compensation; amends; remuneration;
indemnification; atonement.
Satisfactive \Sat`is*fac"tive\, a.
Satisfactory. [Obs.]
Satisfactive discernment of fish. --Sir T.
Browne.
Satisfactory \Sat`is*fac"to*ry\, a. [Cf. F. satisfactoire.]
1. Giving or producing satisfaction; yielding content;
especially, relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty,
and enabling it to rest with confidence; sufficient; as, a
satisfactory account or explanation.
2. Making amends, indemnification, or recompense; causing to
cease from claims and to rest content; compensating;
atoning; as, to make satisfactory compensation, or a
satisfactory apology.
A most wise and sufficient means of redemption and
salvation, by the satisfactory and meritorious death
and obedience of the incarnate Son of God, Jesus
Christ. --Bp.
Sanderson.
-- {Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ly}, adv. -- {Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness},
n.
Satisfiable \Sat"is*fi`a*ble\, a.
That may be satisfied.
Satisfier \Sat"is*fi`er\, n.
One who satisfies.
Satisfy \Sat"is*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Satisfied}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Satisfying}.] [OF. satisfier; L. satis enough +
-ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. F. satisfaire, L.
satisfacere. See {Sad}, a., and {Fact}.]
1. In general, to fill up the measure of a want of (a person
or a thing); hence, to grafity fully the desire of; to
make content; to supply to the full, or so far as to give
contentment with what is wished for.
Death shall . . . with us two Be forced to satisfy
his ravenous maw. --Milton.
2. To pay to the extent of claims or deserts; to give what is
due to; as, to satisfy a creditor.
3. To answer or discharge, as a claim, debt, legal demand, or
the like; to give compensation for; to pay off; to
requite; as, to satisfy a claim or an execution.
4. To free from doubt, suspense, or uncertainty; to give
assurance to; to set at rest the mind of; to convince; as,
to satisfy one's self by inquiry.
The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel
are in themselves most firm, solid, and satisfying.
--Atterbury.
Syn: To satiate; sate; content; grafity; compensate. See
{Satiate}.
Satisfy \Sat"is*fy\, v. i.
1. To give satisfaction; to afford gratification; to leave
nothing to be desired.
2. To make payment or atonement; to atone. --Milton.
Satisfyingly \Sat"is*fy`ing*ly\, adv.
So as to satisfy; satisfactorily.
Sative \Sa"tive\, a. [L. sativus, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]
Sown; propagated by seed. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
Satle \Sa"tle\, v. t. & i.
To settle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Satrap \Sa"trap\ (? or ?; 277), n. [L. satrapes, Gr. ?, fr.
OPers. khshatrap[=a]van ruler: cf. F. satrape.]
The governor of a province in ancient Persia; hence, a petty
autocrat despot.
Satrapal \Sa"trap*al\ (? or ?), a.
Of or pertaining to a satrap, or a satrapy.
Satrapess \Sa"trap*ess\ (? or ?), n.
A female satrap.
Satrapical \Sa*trap"ic*al\, a.
Satrapal. [R.]
Satrapy \Sa"trap*y\ (?; 277), n.; pl. {Satrapies}. [L. satrapia,
satrapea, Gr. ?: cf. F. satrapie.]
The government or jurisdiction of a satrap; a principality.
--Milton.
Satsuma ware \Sat"su*ma ware"\ (? or ?). (Fine Arts)
A kind of ornamental hard-glazed pottery made at Satsuma in
Kiushu, one of the Japanese islands.
Saturable \Sat"u*ra*ble\ (?; 135), a. [L. saturabilis: cf. F.
saturable.]
Capable of being saturated; admitting of saturation. --
{Sat`u*ra*bil"i*ty}, n.
Saturant \Sat"u*rant\, a. [L. saturans, p. pr. See {Saturate}.]
Impregnating to the full; saturating.
Saturant \Sat"u*rant\, n.
1. (Chem.) A substance used to neutralize or saturate the
affinity of another substance.
2. (Med.) An antacid, as magnesia, used to correct acidity of
the stomach.
Saturate \Sat"u*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Saturated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Saturating}.] [L. saturatus, p. p. of saturare to
saturate, fr. satur full of food, sated. See {Satire}.]
1. To cause to become completely penetrated, impregnated, or
soaked; to fill fully; to sate.
Innumerable flocks and herds covered that vast
expanse of emerald meadow saturated with the
moisture of the Atlantic. --Macaulay.
Fill and saturate each kind With good according to
its mind. --Emerson.
2. (Chem.) To satisfy the affinity of; to cause to become
inert by chemical combination with all that it can hold;
as, to saturate phosphorus with chlorine.
Saturate \Sat"u*rate\, p. a. [L. saturatus, p. p.]
Filled to repletion; saturated; soaked.
Dries his feathers saturate with dew. --Cowper.
The sand beneath our feet is saturate With blood of
martyrs. --Longfellow.
Saturated \Sat"u*ra`ted\, a.
1. Filled to repletion; holding by absorption, or in
solution, all that is possible; as, saturated garments; a
saturated solution of salt.
2. (Chem.) Having its affinity satisfied; combined with all
it can hold; -- said of certain atoms, radicals, or
compounds; thus, methane is a saturated compound.
Contrasted with {unsaturated}.
Note: A saturated compound may exchange certain ingredients
for others, but can not take on more without such
exchange.
{Saturated color} (Optics), a color not diluted with white; a
pure unmixed color, like those of the spectrum.
Saturation \Sat`u*ra"tion\, n. [L. saturatio: cf. F.
saturation.]
1. The act of saturating, or the state of being saturating;
complete penetration or impregnation.
2. (Chem.) The act, process, or result of saturating a
substance, or of combining it to its fullest extent.
3. (Optics) Freedom from mixture or dilution with white;
purity; -- said of colors.
Note: The degree of saturation of a color is its relative
purity, or freedom from admixture with white.
Saturator \Sat"u*ra`tor\, n. [L.]
One who, or that which, saturates.
Saturday \Sat"ur*day\ (?; 48), n. [OE. Saterday, AS.
S[ae]terd[ae]g, S[ae]ternd[ae]g, S[ae]ternesd[ae]g,
literally, Saturn's day, fr. L. Saturnus Saturn + AS. d[ae]g
day; cf. L. dies Saturni.]
The seventh or last day of the week; the day following Friday
and preceding Sunday.
Saturity \Sa*tu"ri*ty\, n. [L. saturitas, fr. satur full of
food, sated.]
The state of being saturated; fullness of supply. [Obs.]
--Warner.
Saturn \Sa"turn\, n. [L. Saturnus, literally, the sower, fr.
serere, satum, to sow. See {Season}.]
1. (Roman Myth.) One of the elder and principal deities, the
son of C[oe]lus and Terra (Heaven and Earth), and the
father of Jupiter. The corresponding Greek divinity was
Kro`nos, later CHro`nos, Time.
2. (Astron.) One of the planets of the solar system, next in
magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. Its
diameter is seventy thousand miles, its mean distance from
the sun nearly eight hundred and eighty millions of miles,
and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun,
nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded by a
remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites.
3. (Alchem.) The metal lead. [Archaic]
Saturnalia \Sat`ur*na"li*a\, n. pl. [L. See {Saturn}.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) The festival of Saturn, celebrated in
December, originally during one day, but afterward during
seven days, as a period of unrestrained license and
merriment for all classes, extending even to the slaves.
2. Hence: A period or occasion of general license, in which
the passions or vices have riotous indulgence.
Saturnalian \Sat`ur*na"li*an\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the Saturnalia.
2. Of unrestrained and intemperate jollity; riotously merry;
dissolute. ``Saturnalian amusement.'' --Burke.
Saturnian \Sa*tur"ni*an\, a. [L. Saturnius.]
1. (Roman Myth.) Of or pertaining to Saturn, whose age or
reign, from the mildness and wisdom of his government, is
called the golden age.
2. Hence: Resembling the golden age; distinguished for
peacefulness, happiness, contentment.
Augustus, born to bring Saturnian times. --Pope.
3. (Astron.) Of or pertaining to the planet Saturn; as, the
Saturnian year.
{Saturnian verse} (Pros.), a meter employed by early Roman
satirists, consisting of three iambics and an extra
syllable followed by three trochees, as in the line: --
Th[e^] qu[=e]en | w[a^]s [imac]n | th[e^] k[imac]tch |
[e^]n || [=e]at[i^]ng | br[=e]ad [a^]nd | h[=o]n[e^]y.
Saturnian \Sa*tur"ni*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of large handsome moths belonging
to {Saturnia} and allied genera. The luna moth, polyphemus,
and promethea, are examples. They belong to the Silkworn
family, and some are raised for their silk. See {Polyphemus}.
Saturnicentric \Sat`urn*i*cen"tric\, a. (Astron.)
Appearing as if seen from the center of the planet Saturn;
relating or referred to Saturn as a center.
Saturnine \Sat"ur*nine\, a. [L. Saturnus the god Saturn, also,
the planet Saturn: cf. F. saturnin of or pertaining to lead
(Saturn, in old chemistry, meaning lead), saturnien
saturnine, saturnian. See {Saturn}.]
1. Born under, or influenced by, the planet Saturn.
2. Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; -- the opposite of
{mercurial}; as, a saturnine person or temper. --Addison.
3. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to lead; characterized by, or
resembling, lead, which was formerly called Saturn.
[Archaic]
{Saturnine colic} (Med.), lead colic.
Saturnism \Sat"ur*nism\, n. (Med.)
Plumbism. --Quain.
Saturnist \Sat"ur*nist\, n.
A person of a dull, grave, gloomy temperament. --W. Browne.
Satyr \Sa"tyr\ (?; 277), n. [L. satyrus, Gr. ?: cf. F. satyre.]
1. (Class. Myth.) A sylvan deity or demigod, represented as
part man and part goat, and characterized by riotous
merriment and lasciviousness.
Rough Satyrs danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel,
From the glad sound would not be absent long.
--Milton.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of many species of butterflies
belonging to the family {Nymphalid[ae]}. Their colors are
commonly brown and gray, often with ocelli on the wings.
Called also {meadow browns}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The orang-outang.
Satyriasis \Sat`y*ri"a*sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?. See {Satyr}.]
Immoderate venereal appetite in the male. --Quain.
Satyric \Sa*tyr"ic\, Satyrical \Sa*tyr"ic*al\, a. [L. satyricus,
Gr. satyriko`s.]
Of or pertaining to satyrs; burlesque; as, satyric tragedy.
--P. Cyc.
Satyrion \Sa*tyr"i*on\, n. [L., fr. Gr. saty`rion.] (Bot.)
Any one of several kinds of orchids. [Obs.]
Sauba ant \Sau"ba ant`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A South American ant ({[OE]codoma cephalotes}) remarkable for
having two large kinds of workers besides the ordinary ones,
and for the immense size of its formicaries. The sauba ant
cuts off leaves of plants and carries them into its
subterranean nests, and thus often does great damage by
defoliating trees and cultivated plants.
Sauce \Sauce\, n. [F., fr. OF. sausse, LL. salsa, properly, salt
pickle, fr. L. salsus salted, salt, p. p. of salire to salt,
fr. sal salt. See {Salt}, and cf. {Saucer}, {Souse} pickle,
{Souse} to plunge.]
1. A composition of condiments and appetizing ingredients
eaten with food as a relish; especially, a dressing for
meat or fish or for puddings; as, mint sauce; sweet sauce,
etc. ``Poignant sauce.'' --Chaucer.
High sauces and rich spices fetched from the Indies.
--Sir S.
Baker.
2. Any garden vegetables eaten with meat. [Prov. Eng. &
Colloq. U.S.] --Forby. Bartlett.
Roots, herbs, vine fruits, and salad flowers . . .
they dish up various ways, and find them very
delicious sauce to their meats, both roasted and
boiled, fresh and salt. --Beverly.
3. Stewed or preserved fruit eaten with other food as a
relish; as, apple sauce, cranberry sauce, etc. [U.S.]
``Stewed apple sauce.'' --Mrs. Lincoln (Cook Book).
4. Sauciness; impertinence. [Low.] --Haliwell.
{To serve one the same sauce}, to retaliate in the same kind.
[Vulgar]
Sauce \Sauce\ (s[add]s), v. t. [Cf. F. saucer.] [imp. & p. p.
{Sauced} (s[add]st); p. pr. & vb. n. {Saucing}
(s[add]"s[i^]ng).]
1. To accompany with something intended to give a higher
relish; to supply with appetizing condiments; to season;
to flavor.
2. To cause to relish anything, as if with a sauce; to tickle
or gratify, as the palate; to please; to stimulate; hence,
to cover, mingle, or dress, as if with sauce; to make an
application to. [R.]
Earth, yield me roots; Who seeks for better of thee,
sauce his palate With thy most operant poison!
--Shak.
3. To make poignant; to give zest, flavor or interest to; to
set off; to vary and render attractive.
Then fell she to sauce her desires with
threatenings. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Thou sayest his meat was sauced with thy
upbraidings. --Shak.
4. To treat with bitter, pert, or tart language; to be
impudent or saucy to. [Colloq. or Low]
I'll sauce her with bitter words. --Shak.
Sauce \Sauce\ (s[=o]s), n. [F.] (Fine Art)
A soft crayon for use in stump drawing or in shading with the
stump.
Sauce-alone \Sauce"-a*lone`\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)
Jack-by-the-hedge. See under {Jack}.
Saucebox \Sauce"box`\, n. [See {Sauce}, and {Saucy}.]
A saucy, impudent person; especially, a pert child.
Saucebox, go, meddle with your lady's fan, And prate
not here! --A. Brewer.
Saucepan \Sauce"pan`\, n.
A small pan with a handle, in which sauce is prepared over a
fire; a stewpan.
Saucer \Sau"cer\, n. [F. sauci[`e]re, from sauce. See {Sauce}.]
1. A small pan or vessel in which sauce was set on a table.
[Obs.] --Bacon.
2. A small dish, commonly deeper than a plate, in which a cup
is set at table.
3. Something resembling a saucer in shape. Specifically:
(a) A flat, shallow caisson for raising sunken ships.
(b) A shallow socket for the pivot of a capstan.
Saucily \Sau"ci*ly\, adv.
In a saucy manner; impudently; with impertinent boldness.
--Addison.
Sauciness \Sau"ci*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being saucy; that which is saucy;
impertinent boldness; contempt of superiors; impudence.
Your sauciness will jest upon my love. --Shak.
Syn: Impudence; impertinence; rudeness; insolence. See
{Impudence}.
Saucisson \Sau`cis`son"\, Saucisse \Sau`cisse"\, n. [F., fr.
saucisse sausage. See {Sausage}.]
1. (Mining or Gun.) A long and slender pipe or bag, made of
cloth well pitched, or of leather, filled with powder, and
used to communicate fire to mines, caissons, bomb chests,
etc.
2. (Fort.) A fascine of more than ordinary length.
Saucy \Sau"cy\, a. [Compar. {Saucier}; superl. {Sauciest}.]
[From {Sauce}.]
1. Showing impertinent boldness or pertness; transgressing
the rules of decorum; treating superiors with contempt;
impudent; insolent; as, a saucy fellow.
Am I not protector, saucy priest? --Shak.
2. Expressive of, or characterized by, impudence;
impertinent; as, a saucy eye; saucy looks.
We then have done you bold and saucy wrongs. --Shak.
Syn: Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude.
Sauerkraut \Sauer"kraut`\, n. [G., fr. sauer sour + kraut herb,
cabbage.]
Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of
its own juice with salt, -- a German dish.
Sauf \Sauf\, a.
Safe. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sauf \Sauf\, conj. & prep.
Save; except. [Obs.] ``Sauf I myself.'' --Chaucer.
Saufly \Sauf"ly\, adv.
Safely. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sauger \Sau"ger\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An American fresh-water food fish ({Stizostedion Canadense});
-- called also {gray pike}, {blue pike}, {hornfish}, {land
pike}, {sand pike}, {pickering}, and {pickerel}.
Saugh \Saugh\, Sauh \Sauh\, obs.
imp. sing. of {See}. --Chaucer.
Sauks \Sauks\, n. pl. (Ethnol.)
Same as {Sacs}.
Saul \Saul\, n.
Soul. [Obs.]
Saul \Saul\, n.
Same as {Sal}, the tree.
Saulie \Sau"lie\, n.
A hired mourner at a funeral. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Sault \Sault\, n. [OF., F. saut, fr. L. saltus. See {Salt} a
leap.]
A rapid in some rivers; as, the Sault Ste. Marie. [U.S.]
--Bartlett.
Saunders \Saun"ders\, n.
See {Sandress}.
Saunders-blue \Saun"ders-blue`\, n. [Corrupted fr. F. cendres
bleues blue ashes.]
A kind of color prepared from calcined lapis lazuli;
ultramarine; also, a blue prepared from carbonate of copper.
[Written also {sanders-blue}.]
Saunter \Saun"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sauntered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sauntering}.] [Written also santer.] [Probably fr. F.
s'aventurer to adventure (one's self), through a shortened
form s'auntrer. See {Adventure}, n. & v.]
To wander or walk about idly and in a leisurely or lazy
manner; to lounge; to stroll; to loiter.
One could lie under elm trees in a lawn, or saunter in
meadows by the side of a stream. --Masson.
Syn: To loiter; linger; stroll; wander.
Saunter \Saun"ter\, n.
A sauntering, or a sauntering place.
That wheel of fops, that saunter of the town. --Young.
Saunterer \Saun"ter*er\, n.
One who saunters.
Saur \Saur\, n. [Contracted from Gael. salachar filth,
nastiness, fr. salach nasty, fr. sal filth, refuse.]
Soil; dirt; dirty water; urine from a cowhouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Saurel \Sau"rel\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any carangoid fish of the genus {Trachurus}, especially {T.
trachurus}, or {T. saurus}, of Europe and America, and {T.
picturatus} of California. Called also {skipjack}, and {horse
mackerel}.
Sauria \Sau"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? a lizard.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Reptilia formerly established to include the
Lacertilia, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, and other groups. By some
writers the name is restricted to the Lacertilia.
Saurian \Sau"ri*an\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Sauria. -- n.
One of the Sauria.
Saurioid \Sau"ri*oid\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Sauroid}.
Saurobatrachia \Sau"ro*ba*tra"chi*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Sauria},
and {Batrachia}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Urodela.
Saurognathous \Sau*rog"na*thous\, a. [Gr. ? a lizard + ? the
jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the bones of the palate arranged as in saurians, the
vomer consisting of two lateral halves, as in the woodpeckers
({Pici}).
Sauroid \Sau"roid\, a. [Gr. ? a lizard + -oid: cf. Gr. ?
lizardlike.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Like or pertaining to the saurians.
(b) Resembling a saurian superficially; as, a sauroid fish.
Sauroidichnite \Sau`roid*ich"nite\, n. [See {Sauroid}, and
{Ichnite}.] (Paleon.)
The fossil track of a saurian.
Sauropoda \Sau*rop"o*da\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a lizard +
-poda.] (Paleon.)
An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs having the feet of
a saurian type, instead of birdlike, as they are in many
dinosaurs. It includes the largest known land animals,
belonging to Brontosaurus, Camarasaurus, and allied genera.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Sauropsida \Sau*rop"si*da\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a lizard + ?
appearance.] (Zo["o]l.)
A comprehensive group of vertebrates, comprising the reptiles
and birds.
Sauropterygia \Sau*rop`te*ryg"i*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a
lizard + ?, ?, a wing.] (Paleon.)
Same as {Plesiosauria}.
Saururae \Sau*ru"r[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a lizard + ? a
tail.] (Paleon.)
An extinct order of birds having a long vertebrated tail with
quills along each side of it. Arch[ae]opteryx is the type.
See {Arch[ae]opteryx}, and {Odontornithes}.
Saury \Sau"ry\, n.; pl. {Sauries}. [Etymol. uncertain.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A slender marine fish ({Scomberesox saurus}) of Europe and
America. It has long, thin, beaklike jaws. Called also
{billfish}, {gowdnook}, {gawnook}, {skipper}, {skipjack},
{skopster}, {lizard fish}, and {Egypt herring}.
Sausage \Sau"sage\ (?; 48), n. [F. saucisse, LL. salcitia,
salsicia, fr. salsa. See {Sauce}.]
1. An article of food consisting of meat (esp. pork) minced
and highly seasoned, and inclosed in a cylindrical case or
skin usually made of the prepared intestine of some
animal.
2. A saucisson. See {Saucisson}. --Wilhelm.
Sauseflem \Sau"se*flem\, a. [OF. saus salt (L. salsus) + flemme
phlegm.]
Having a red, pimpled face. [Obs.] [Written also
{sawceflem}.] --Chaucer.
Saussurite \Saus"sur*ite\, n. [F. So called from M. Saussure.]
(Min.)
A tough, compact mineral, of a white, greenish, or grayish
color. It is near zoisite in composition, and in part, at
least, has been produced by the alteration of feldspar.
Saut \Saut\, Saute \Saute\, n.
An assault. [Obs.]
Saute \Sau`te"\,
p. p. of {Sauter}. --C. Owen.
Sauter \Sau`ter"\, v. t. [F., properly, to jump.]
To fry lightly and quickly, as meat, by turning or tossing it
over frequently in a hot pan greased with a little fat.
Sauter \Sau"ter\, n.
Psalter. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Sauterelle \Sau`te*relle\, n. [F.]
An instrument used by masons and others to trace and form
angles.
Sauterne \Sau`terne"\, n. [F.]
A white wine made in the district of Sauterne, France.
Sautrie \Sau"trie\, n.
Psaltery. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sauvegarde \Sau`ve*garde"\, n. [F.] (Zo["o]l.)
The monitor.
Savable \Sav"a*ble\, a. [From {Save}. Cf. {Salvable}.]
Capable of, or admitting of, being saved.
In the person prayed for there ought to be the great
disposition of being in a savable condition. --Jer.
Taylor.
Savableness \Sav"a*ble*ness\, n.
Capability of being saved.
Savacioun \Sa*va"ci*oun`\, n.
Salvation. [Obs.]
Savage \Sav"age\ (?; 48), a. [F. sauvage, OF. salvage, fr. L.
silvaticus belonging to a wood, wild, fr. silva a wood. See
{Silvan}, and cf. {Sylvatic}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the forest; remote from human abodes
and cultivation; in a state of nature; wild; as, a savage
wilderness.
2. Wild; untamed; uncultivated; as, savage beasts.
Cornels, and savage berries of the wood. --Dryden.
3. Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; as, savage life;
savage manners.
What nation, since the commencement of the Christian
era, ever rose from savage to civilized without
Christianity? --E. D.
Griffin.
4. Characterized by cruelty; barbarous; fierce; ferocious;
inhuman; brutal; as, a savage spirit.
Syn: Ferocious; wild; uncultivated; untamed; untaught;
uncivilized; unpolished; rude; brutish; brutal;
heathenish; barbarous; cruel; inhuman; fierce; pitiless;
merciless; unmerciful; atrocious. See {Ferocious}.
Savage \Sav"age\, n.
1. A human being in his native state of rudeness; one who is
untaught, uncivilized, or without cultivation of mind or
manners.
2. A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a barbarian.
Savage \Sav"age\ (?; 48), v. t.
To make savage. [R.]
Its bloodhounds, savaged by a cross of wolf. --Southey.
Savagely \Sav"age*ly\, adv.
In a savage manner.
Savageness \Sav"age*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being savage.
Wolves and bears, they say, Casting their savageness
aside have done Like offices of pity. --Shak.
Savagery \Sav"age*ry\ (?; 277), n. [F. sauvagerie.]
1. The state of being savage; savageness; savagism.
A like work of primeval savagery. --C. Kingsley.
2. An act of cruelty; barbarity.
The wildest savagery, the vilest stroke, That ever
wall-eyed wrath or staring rage Presented to the
tears of soft remorse. --Shak.
3. Wild growth, as of plants. --Shak.
Savagism \Sav"a*gism\, n.
The state of being savage; the state of rude, uncivilized
men, or of men in their native wildness and rudeness.
Savanilla \Sav`a*nil"la\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The tarpum. [Local, U.S.]
Savanna \Sa*van"na\, n. [Of American Indian origin; cf. Sp.
sabana, F. savane.]
A tract of level land covered with the vegetable growth
usually found in a damp soil and warm climate, -- as grass or
reeds, -- but destitute of trees. [Spelt also {savannah}.]
Savannahs are clear pieces of land without woods.
--Dampier.
{Savanna flower} (Bot.), a West Indian name for several
climbing apocyneous plants of the genus {Echites}.
{Savanna sparrow} (Zo["o]l.), an American sparrow
({Ammodramus sandwichensis} or {Passerculus savanna}) of
which several varieties are found on grassy plains from
Alaska to the Eastern United States.
{Savanna wattle} (Bot.), a name of two West Indian trees of
the genus {Citharexylum}.
Savant \Sa`vant"\, n.; pl. {Savants} (F. ?; E. ?). [F., fr.
savoir to know, L. sapere. See {Sage}, a.]
A man of learning; one versed in literature or science; a
person eminent for acquirements.
Save \Save\, n. [See {Sage} the herb.]
The herb sage, or salvia. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Save \Save\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Saved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Saving}.] [OE. saven, sauven, salven, OF. salver, sauver, F.
sauver, L. salvare, fr. salvus saved, safe. See {Safe}, a.]
1. To make safe; to procure the safety of; to preserve from
injury, destruction, or evil of any kind; to rescue from
impending danger; as, to save a house from the flames.
God save all this fair company. --Chaucer.
He cried, saying, Lord, save me. --Matt. xiv.
30.
Thou hast . . . quitted all to save A world from
utter loss. --Milton.
2. (Theol.) Specifically, to deliver from sin and its
penalty; to rescue from a state of condemnation and
spiritual death, and bring into a state of spiritual life.
Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners.
--1 Tim. i.
15.
3. To keep from being spent or lost; to secure from waste or
expenditure; to lay up; to reserve.
Now save a nation, and now save a groat. --Pope.
4. To rescue from something undesirable or hurtful; to
prevent from doing something; to spare.
I'll save you That labor, sir. All's now done.
--Shak.
5. To hinder from doing, suffering, or happening; to obviate
the necessity of; to prevent; to spare.
Will you not speak to save a lady's blush? --Dryden.
6. To hold possession or use of; to escape loss of.
Just saving the tide, and putting in a stock of
merit. --Swift.
{To save appearances}, to preserve a decent outside; to avoid
exposure of a discreditable state of things.
Syn: To preserve; rescue; deliver; protect; spare; reserve;
prevent.
Save \Save\, v. i.
To avoid unnecessary expense or expenditure; to prevent
waste; to be economical.
Brass ordnance saveth in the quantity of the material.
--Bacon.
Save \Save\, prep. or conj. [F. sauf, properly adj., safe. See
{Safe}, a.]
Except; excepting; not including; leaving out; deducting;
reserving; saving.
Five times received I forty stripes save one. --2 Cor.
xi. 24.
Syn: See {Except}.
Save \Save\, conj.
Except; unless.
Saveable \Save"a*ble\, a.
See {Savable}.
Save-all \Save"-all`\, n. [Save + all.]
Anything which saves fragments, or prevents waste or loss.
Specifically:
(a) A device in a candlestick to hold the ends of candles, so
that they be burned.
(b) (Naut.) A small sail sometimes set under the foot of
another sail, to catch the wind that would pass under it.
--Totten.
(c) A trough to prevent waste in a paper-making machine.
Saveloy \Sav"e*loy\, n. [F. cervelas, It. cervellata, fr.
cervello brain, L. cerebellum, dim. of cerebrum brain. See
{Cerebral}.]
A kind of dried sausage. --McElrath.
Savely \Save"ly\, adv.
Safely. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Savement \Save"ment\, n.
The act of saving. [Obs.]
Saver \Sav"er\, n.
One who saves.
Savin \Sav"in\, Savine \Sav"ine\, n. [OE. saveine, AS.
safin[ae], savine, L. sabina herba. Cf. {Sabine}.] [Written
also {sabine}.] (Bot.)
(a) A coniferous shrub ({Juniperus Sabina}) of Western Asia,
occasionally found also in the northern parts of the
United States and in British America. It is a compact
bush, with dark-colored foliage, and produces small
berries having a glaucous bloom. Its bitter, acrid tops
are sometimes used in medicine for gout, amenorrh[oe]a,
etc.
(b) The North American red cedar ({Juniperus Virginiana}.)
Saving \Sav"ing\, a.
1. Preserving; rescuing.
He is the saving strength of his anointed. --Ps.
xxviii. 8.
2. Avoiding unnecessary expense or waste; frugal; not lavish
or wasteful; economical; as, a saving cook.
3. Bringing back in returns or in receipts the sum expended;
incurring no loss, though not gainful; as, a saving
bargain; the ship has made a saving voyage.
4. Making reservation or exception; as, a saving clause.
Note: Saving is often used with a noun to form a compound
adjective; as, labor-saving, life-saving, etc.
Saving \Sav"ing\ (s[=a]v"[i^]ng), prep. or conj.; but properly a
participle.
With the exception of; except; excepting; also, without
disrespect to. ``Saving your reverence.'' --Shak. ``Saving
your presence.'' --Burns.
None of us put off our clothes, saving that every one
put them off for washing. --Neh. iv. 23.
And in the stone a new name written, which no man
knoweth saving he that receiveth it. --Rev. ii. 17.
Saving \Sav"ing\, n.
1. Something kept from being expended or lost; that which is
saved or laid up; as, the savings of years of economy.
2. Exception; reservation.
Contend not with those that are too strong for us,
but still with a saving to honesty. --L'Estrange.
{Savings bank}, a bank in which savings or earnings are
deposited and put at interest.
Savingly \Sav"ing*ly\, adv.
1. In a saving manner; with frugality or parsimony.
2. So as to be finally saved from eternal death.
Savingly born of water and the Spirit. --Waterland.
Savingness \Sav"ing*ness\, n.
1. The quality of being saving; carefulness not to expend
money uselessly; frugality; parsimony. --Mrs. H. H.
Jackson.
2. Tendency to promote salvation. --Johnson.
Savior \Sav"ior\ (s[=a]v"y[~e]r), n. [OE. saveour, OF. salveor,
F. sauveur, fr. L. salvator, fr. salvare to save. See {Save},
v.] [Written also {saviour}.]
1. One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or
danger.
2. Specifically: The (or our, your, etc.) Savior, he who
brings salvation to men; Jesus Christ, the Redeemer.
Savioress \Sav"ior*ess\, n.
A female savior. [Written also saviouress.] [R.] --Bp. Hall.
Savor \Sa"vor\, n. [OE. savour, savor, savur, OF. savor, savour,
F. saveur, fr. L. sapor, fr. sapere to taste, savor. See
{Sage}, a., and cf. {Sapid}, {Insipid}, {Sapor}.] [Written
also {savour}.]
1. That property of a thing which affects the organs of taste
or smell; taste and odor; flavor; relish; scent; as, the
savor of an orange or a rose; an ill savor.
I smell sweet savors and I feel soft things. --Shak.
2. Hence, specific flavor or quality; characteristic
property; distinctive temper, tinge, taint, and the like.
Why is not my life a continual joy, and the savor of
heaven perpetually upon my spirit? --Baxter.
3. Sense of smell; power to scent, or trace by scent. [R.]
``Beyond my savor.'' --Herbert.
4. Pleasure; delight; attractiveness. [Obs.]
She shall no savor have therein but lite. --Chaucer.
Syn: Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell.
Savor \Sa"vor\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Savored}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Savoring}.] [Cf. OF. savorer, F. savourer. See {Savor}, n.]
[Written also {savour}.]
1. To have a particular smell or taste; -- with of.
2. To partake of the quality or nature; to indicate the
presence or influence; to smack; -- with of.
This savors not much of distraction. --Shak.
I have rejected everything that savors of party.
--Addison.
3. To use the sense of taste. [Obs.]
By sight, hearing, smelling, tasting or savoring,
and feeling. --Chaucer.
Savor \Sa"vor\, v. t.
1. To perceive by the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive;
to note. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
2. To have the flavor or quality of; to indicate the presence
of. [R.]
That cuts us off from hope, and savors only Rancor
and pride, impatience and despite. --Milton.
3. To taste or smell with pleasure; to delight in; to relish;
to like; to favor. [R.] --Shak.
Savorily \Sa"vor*i*ly\, adv.
In a savory manner.
Savoriness \Sa"vor*i*ness\, n.
The quality of being savory.
Savorless \Sa"vor*less\, a.
Having no savor; destitute of smell or of taste; insipid.
Savorly \Sa"vor*ly\, a.
Savory. [Obs.]
Savorly \Sa"vor*ly\, adv.
In a savory manner. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Savorous \Sa"vor*ous\ (-[u^]s), a. [Cf. F. savoureux, OF.
saveros, L. saporosus. Cf. {Saporous}, and see {Savor}, n.]
Having a savor; savory. [Obs.] --Rom. of R.
Savory \Sa"vor*y\ (-[y^]), a. [From {Savor}.]
Pleasing to the organs of taste or smell. [Written also
{savoury}.]
The chewing flocks Had ta'en their supper on the savory
herb. --Milton.
Savory \Sa"vo*ry\ (s[=a]"v[-o]*r[y^]), n. [F. savor['e]e; cf.
It. santoreggia, satureja, L. satureia,] (Bot.)
An aromatic labiate plant ({Satureia hortensis}), much used
in cooking; -- also called {summer savory}. [Written also
{savoury}.]
Savoy \Sa*voy"\, n. [F. chou de Savoie cabbage of Savoy.] (Bot.)
A variety of the common cabbage ({Brassica oleracea major}),
having curled leaves, -- much cultivated for winter use.
Savoyard \Sav`oy*ard"\, n. [F.]
A native or inhabitant of Savoy.
Saw \Saw\ (s[add]),
imp. of {See}.
Saw \Saw\, n. [OE. sawe, AS. sagu; akin to secgan to say. See
{Say}, v. t. and cf. {Saga}.]
1. Something said; speech; discourse. [Obs.] ``To hearken all
his sawe.'' --Chaucer.
2. A saying; a proverb; a maxim.
His champions are the prophets and apostles, His
weapons holy saws of sacred writ. --Shak.
3. Dictate; command; decree. [Obs.]
[Love] rules the creatures by his powerful saw.
--Spenser.
Saw \Saw\, n. [OE. sawe, AS. sage; akin to D. zaag, G. s["a]ge,
OHG. sega, saga, Dan. sav, Sw. s[*a]g, Icel. s["o]g, L.
secare to cut, securis ax, secula sickle. Cf. {Scythe},
{Sickle}, {Section}, {Sedge}.]
An instrument for cutting or dividing substances, as wood,
iron, etc., consisting of a thin blade, or plate, of steel,
with a series of sharp teeth on the edge, which remove
successive portions of the material by cutting and tearing.
Note: Saw is frequently used adjectively, or as the first
part of a compound.
{Band saw}, {Crosscut saw}, etc. See under {Band},
{Crosscut}, etc.
{Circular saw}, a disk of steel with saw teeth upon its
periphery, and revolved on an arbor.
{Saw bench}, a bench or table with a flat top for for sawing,
especially with a circular saw which projects above the
table.
{Saw file}, a three-cornered file, such as is used for
sharpening saw teeth.
{Saw frame}, the frame or sash in a sawmill, in which the
saw, or gang of saws, is held.
{Saw gate}, a saw frame.
{Saw gin}, the form of cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney, in
which the cotton fibers are drawn, by the teeth of a set
of revolving circular saws, through a wire grating which
is too fine for the seeds to pass.
{Saw grass} (Bot.), any one of certain cyperaceous plants
having the edges of the leaves set with minute sharp
teeth, especially the {Cladium Mariscus} of Europe, and
the {Cladium effusum} of the Southern United States. Cf.
{Razor grass}, under {Razor}.
{Saw log}, a log of suitable size for sawing into lumber.
{Saw mandrel}, a mandrel on which a circular saw is fastened
for running.
{Saw pit}, a pit over which timbor is sawed by two men, one
standing below the timber and the other above. --Mortimer.
{Saw sharpener} (Zo["o]l.), the great titmouse; -- so named
from its harsh call note. [Prov. Eng.]
{Saw whetter} (Zo["o]l.), the marsh titmouse ({Parus
palustris}); -- so named from its call note. [Prov. Eng.]
{Scroll saw}, a ribbon of steel with saw teeth upon one edge,
stretched in a frame and adapted for sawing curved
outlines; also, a machine in which such a saw is worked by
foot or power.
Saw \Saw\, v. t. [imp. {Sawed}; p. p. {Sawed} or {Sawn}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Sawing}.]
1. To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw; as, to saw
timber or marble.
2. To form by cutting with a saw; as, to saw boards or
planks, that is, to saw logs or timber into boards or
planks; to saw shingles; to saw out a panel.
3. Also used figuratively; as, to saw the air.
Saw \Saw\, v. i.
1. To use a saw; to practice sawing; as, a man saws well.
2. To cut, as a saw; as, the saw or mill saws fast.
3. To be cut with a saw; as, the timber saws smoothly.
Sawarra nut \Sa*war"ra nut`\
See {Souari nut}.
Sawbelly \Saw"bel`ly\, n.
The alewife. [Local, U.S.]
Sawbill \Saw"bill`\, n.
The merganser. [Prov. Eng.]
Sawbones \Saw"bones`\, n.
A nickname for a surgeon.
Sawbuck \Saw"buck`\, n.
A sawhorse.
Sawceflem \Saw"ce*flem\, a.
See {Sauseflem}. [Obs.]
Sawder \Saw"der\, n.
A corrupt spelling and pronunciation of solder.
{Soft sawder}, seductive praise; flattery; blarney. [Slang]
Sawdust \Saw"dust`\, n.
Dust or small fragments of wood (or of stone, etc.) made by
the cutting of a saw.
Sawer \Saw"er`\, n.
One who saws; a sawyer.
Sawfish \Saw"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of elasmobranch fishes of the
genus {Pristis}. They have a sharklike form, but are more
nearly allied to the rays. The flattened and much elongated
snout has a row of stout toothlike structures inserted along
each edge, forming a sawlike organ with which it mutilates or
kills its prey.
Sawfly \Saw"fly`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects
belonging to the family {Tenthredinid[ae]}. The female
usually has an ovipositor containing a pair of sawlike organs
with which she makes incisions in the leaves or stems of
plants in which to lay the eggs. The larv[ae] resemble those
of Lepidoptera.
Sawhorse \Saw"horse`\, n.
A kind of rack, shaped like a double St. Andrew's cross, on
which sticks of wood are laid for sawing by hand; -- called
also {buck}, and {sawbuck}.
Sawmill \Saw"mill`\, n.
A mill for sawing, especially one for sawing timber or
lumber.
Sawneb \Saw"neb`\, n.
A merganser. [Prov. Eng.]
Saw palmetto \Saw" pal*met"to\
See under {Palmetto}.
Saw-set \Saw"-set`\, n.
An instrument used to set or turn the teeth of a saw a little
sidewise, that they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the
thickness of the blade, to prevent friction; -- called also
{saw-wrest}.
Sawtooth \Saw"tooth`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An arctic seal ({Lobodon carcinophaga}), having the molars
serrated; -- called also {crab-eating seal}.
Saw-toothed \Saw"-toothed"\, a.
Having a tooth or teeth like those of a saw; serrate.
Sawtry \Saw"try\, n.
A psaltery. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Saw-whet \Saw"-whet`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small North American owl ({Nyctale Acadica}), destitute of
ear tufts and having feathered toes; -- called also {Acadian
owl}.
Saw-wort \Saw"-wort`\, n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the composite genus {Serratula}; -- so named
from the serrated leaves of most of the species.
Saw-wrest \Saw"-wrest`\, n.
See {Saw-set}.
Sawyer \Saw"yer\, n. [Saw + -yer, as in lawyer. Cf. {Sawer}.]
1. One whose occupation is to saw timber into planks or
boards, or to saw wood for fuel; a sawer.
2. A tree which has fallen into a stream so that its branches
project above the surface, rising and falling with a
rocking or swaying motion in the current. [U.S.]
3. (Zo["o]l.) The bowfin. [Local, U.S.]
Sax \Sax\, n. [AS. seax a knife.]
A kind of chopping instrument for trimming the edges of
roofing slates.
Saxatile \Sax"a*tile\, a. [L. saxatilis, fr. saxum a rock: cf.
F. saxatile.]
Of or pertaining to rocks; living among rocks; as, a saxatile
plant.
Saxhorn \Sax"horn`\, n. (Mus.)
A name given to a numerous family of brass wind instruments
with valves, invented by Antoine Joseph Adolphe Sax (known as
Adolphe Sax), of Belgium and Paris, and much used in military
bands and in orchestras.
Saxicava \Sax`i*ca"va\, n.; pl. E. {saxicavas}, L.
{Saxicav[ae]}. [NL. See {Saxicavous}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of marine bivalve shells of the genus {Saxicava}.
Some of the species are noted for their power of boring holes
in limestone and similar rocks.
Saxicavid \Sax`i*ca"vid\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the saxicavas. -- n. A saxicava.
Saxicavous \Sax`i*ca"vous\, a. [L. saxum rock + cavare to make
hollow, fr. cavus hollow: cf. F. saxicave.] (Zo["o]l.)
Boring, or hollowing out, rocks; -- said of certain mollusks
which live in holes which they burrow in rocks. See Illust.
of {Lithodomus}.
Saxicoline \Sax*ic"o*line\, a. [L. saxum a rock + colere to
inhabit.] (Zo["o]l.)
Stone-inhabiting; pertaining to, or having the
characteristics of, the stonechats.
Saxicolous \Sax*ic"o*lous\, a. [See {Saxicoline}.] (Bot.)
Growing on rocks.
Saxifraga \Sax*if"ra*ga\, n. [L., saxifrage. See {Saxifrage}.]
(Bot.)
A genus of exogenous polypetalous plants, embracing about one
hundred and eighty species. See {Saxifrage}.
Saxifragaceous \Sax`i*fra*ga"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants
({Saxifragace[ae]}) of which saxifrage is the type. The order
includes also the alum root, the hydrangeas, the mock orange,
currants and gooseberries, and many other plants.
Saxifragant \Sax*if"ra*gant\, a. [See {Saxifrage}.]
Breaking or destroying stones; saxifragous. [R.] -- n. That
which breaks or destroys stones. [R.]
Saxifrage \Sax"i*frage\ (?; 48), n. [L. saxifraga, from
saxifragus stone-breaking; saxum rock + frangere to break:
cf. F. saxifrage. See {Fracture}, and cf. {Sassafras},
{Saxon}.] (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus {Saxifraga}, mostly perennial herbs
growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous regions.
{Burnet saxifrage}, a European umbelliferous plant
({Pimpinella Saxifraga}).
{Golden saxifrage}, a low half-succulent herb
({Chrysosplenium oppositifolium}) growing in rivulets in
Europe; also, {C. Americanum}, common in the United
States. See also under {Golden}.
{Meadow saxifrage}, or {Pepper saxifrage}. See under
{Meadow}.
Saxifragous \Sax*if"ra*gous\, a. [L. saxifragus: cf. F.
saxifrage. See {Saxifrage}.]
Dissolving stone, especially dissolving stone in the bladder.
Saxon \Sax"on\ (s[a^]ks"[u^]n or -'n), n. [L. Saxo, pl. Saxones,
from the Saxon national name; cf. AS. pl. Seaxe, Seaxan, fr.
seax a knife, a short sword, a dagger (akin to OHG. sahs, and
perhaps to L. saxum rock, stone, knives being originally made
of stone); and cf. G. Sachse, pl. Sachsen. Cf. {Saxifrage}.]
1.
(a) One of a nation or people who formerly dwelt in the
northern part of Germany, and who, with other Teutonic
tribes, invaded and conquered England in the fifth and
sixth centuries.
(b) Also used in the sense of Anglo-Saxon.
(c) A native or inhabitant of modern Saxony.
2. The language of the Saxons; Anglo-Saxon.
{Old Saxon}, the Saxon of the continent of Europe in the old
form of the language, as shown particularly in the
``Heliand'', a metrical narration of the gospel history
preserved in manuscripts of the 9th century.
Saxon \Sax"on\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Saxons, their country, or their
language.
(b) Anglo-Saxon.
(c) Of or pertaining to Saxony or its inhabitants.
{Saxon blue} (Dyeing), a deep blue liquid used in dyeing, and
obtained by dissolving indigo in concentrated sulphuric
acid. --Brande & C.
{Saxon green} (Dyeing), a green color produced by dyeing with
yellow upon a ground of Saxon blue.
Saxonic \Sax*on"ic\, a.
Relating to the Saxons or Anglo- Saxons.
Saxonism \Sax"on*ism\, n.
An idiom of the Saxon or Anglo-Saxon language. --T. Warton.
Saxonist \Sax"on*ist\, n.
One versed in the Saxon language.
Saxonite \Sax"on*ite\, n. (Min.)
See {Mountain soap}, under {Mountain}.
Saxophone \Sax"o*phone\, n. [A.A.J. Sax, the inventor (see
{Saxhorn}) + Gr. ? tone.] (Mus.)
A wind instrument of brass, containing a reed, and partaking
of the qualities both of a brass instrument and of a
clarinet.
Sax-tuba \Sax"-tu`ba\, n. [See {Saxhorn}, and {Tube}.] (Mus.)
A powerful instrument of brass, curved somewhat like the
Roman buccina, or tuba.
Say \Say\ (s[=a]), obs. imp. of {See}.
Saw. --Chaucer.
Say \Say\ (s[=a]), n. [Aphetic form of assay.]
1. Trial by sample; assay; sample; specimen; smack. [Obs.]
If those principal works of God . . . be but certain
tastes and says, as it were, of that final benefit.
--Hooker.
Thy tongue some say of breeding breathes. --Shak.
2. Tried quality; temper; proof. [Obs.]
He found a sword of better say. --Spenser.
3. Essay; trial; attempt. [Obs.]
{To give a say at}, to attempt. --B. Jonson.
Say \Say\, v. t.
To try; to assay. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Say \Say\, n. [OE. saie, F. saie, fr. L. saga, equiv. to sagum,
sagus, a coarse woolen mantle; cf. Gr. sa`gos. See {Sagum}.]
1. A kind of silk or satin. [Obs.]
Thou say, thou serge, nay, thou buckram lord!
--Shak.
2. A delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth. [Obs.]
His garment neither was of silk nor say. --Spenser.
Say \Say\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Said} (s[e^]d), contracted from
sayed; p. pr. & vb. n. {Saying}.] [OE. seggen, seyen, siggen,
sayen, sayn, AS. secgan; akin to OS. seggian, D. zeggen, LG.
seggen, OHG. sag[=e]n, G. sagen, Icel. segja, Sw. s["a]ga,
Dan. sige, Lith. sakyti; cf. OL. insece tell, relate, Gr.
'e`nnepe (for 'en-sepe), 'e`spete. Cf. {Saga}, {Saw} a
saying.]
1. To utter or express in words; to tell; to speak; to
declare; as, he said many wise things.
Arise, and say how thou camest here. --Shak.
2. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; to pronounce; as, to
say a lesson.
Of my instruction hast thou nothing bated In what
thou hadst to say? --Shak.
After which shall be said or sung the following
hymn. --Bk. of Com.
Prayer.
3. To announce as a decision or opinion; to state positively;
to assert; hence, to form an opinion upon; to be sure
about; to be determined in mind as to.
But what it is, hard is to say. --Milton.
4. To mention or suggest as an estimate, hypothesis, or
approximation; hence, to suppose; -- in the imperative,
followed sometimes by the subjunctive; as, he had, say
fifty thousand dollars; the fox had run, say ten miles.
Say, for nonpayment that the debt should double, Is
twenty hundred kisses such a trouble? --Shak.
{It is said}, or {They say}, it is commonly reported; it is
rumored; people assert or maintain.
{That is to say}, that is; in other words; otherwise.
Say \Say\, v. i.
To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply.
You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest
judge. --Shak.
To this argument we shall soon have said; for what
concerns it us to hear a husband divulge his household
privacies? --Milton.
Say \Say\, n. [From {Say}, v. t.; cf. {Saw} a saying.]
A speech; something said; an expression of opinion; a current
story; a maxim or proverb. [Archaic or Colloq.]
He no sooner said out his say, but up rises a cunning
snap. --L'Estrange.
That strange palmer's boding say, That fell so ominous
and drear Full on the object of his fear. --Sir W.
Scott.
Sayer \Say"er\, n.
One who says; an utterer.
Mr. Curran was something much better than a sayer of
smart sayings. --Jeffrey.
Sayette \Sa*yette"\, n. [F. Cf. {Say} a kind of serge.]
A mixed stuff, called also {sagathy}. See {Sagathy}.
Saying \Say"ing\, n.
That which is said; a declaration; a statement, especially a
proverbial one; an aphorism; a proverb.
Many are the sayings of the wise, In ancient and in
modern books enrolled. --Milton.
Syn: Declaration; speech; adage; maxim; aphorism; apothegm;
saw; proverb; byword.
Sayman \Say"man\, n. [Say sample + man.]
One who assays. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Saymaster \Say"mas`ter\, n.
A master of assay; one who tries or proves. [Obs.] ``Great
saymaster of state.'' --B. Jonson.
Saynd \Saynd\, obs.
p. p. of {Senge}, to singe. --Chaucer.
'Sblood \'Sblood\, interj.
An abbreviation of God's blood; -- used as an oath. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Scab \Scab\ (sk[a^]b), n. [OE. scab, scabbe, shabbe; cf. AS.
sc[ae]b, sceabb, scebb, Dan. & Sw. skab, and also L. scabies,
fr. scabere to scratch, akin to E. shave. See {Shave}, and
cf. {Shab}, {Shabby}.]
1. An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or pustule,
formed by the drying up of the discharge from the diseased
part.
2. The itch in man; also, the scurvy. [Colloq. or Obs.]
3. The mange, esp. when it appears on sheep. --Chaucer.
4. A disease of potatoes producing pits in their surface,
caused by a minute fungus ({Tiburcinia Scabies}).
5. (Founding) A slight irregular protuberance which defaces
the surface of a casting, caused by the breaking away of a
part of the mold.
6. A mean, dirty, paltry fellow. [Low] --Shak.
7. A nickname for a workman who engages for lower wages than
are fixed by the trades unions; also, for one who takes
the place of a workman on a strike. [Cant]
Scab \Scab\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scabbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scabbing}.]
To become covered with a scab; as, the wound scabbed over.
Scabbard \Scab"bard\, n. [OE. scaubert, scauberk, OF. escaubers,
escauberz, pl., scabbards, probably of German or Scan.
origin; cf. Icel. sk[=a]lpr scabbard, and G. bergen to
conceal. Cf. {Hauberk}.]
The case in which the blade of a sword, dagger, etc., is
kept; a sheath.
Nor in thy scabbard sheathe that famous blade.
--Fairfax.
{Scabbard fish} (Zo["o]l.), a long, compressed,
silver-colored t[ae]nioid fish ({Lepidopus caudatus, or
argyreus}), found on the European coasts, and more
abundantly about New Zealand, where it is called
{frostfish} and considered an excellent food fish.
Scabbard \Scab"bard\, v. t.
To put in a scabbard.
Scabbard plane \Scab"bard plane`\
See {Scaleboard plane}, under {Scaleboard}.
Scabbed \Scab"bed\ (? or ?), a.
1. Abounding with scabs; diseased with scabs.
2. Fig.: Mean; paltry; vile; worthless. --Bacon.
Scabbedness \Scab"bed*ness\, n.
Scabbiness.
Scabbily \Scab"bi*ly\, adv.
In a scabby manner.
Scabbiness \Scab"bi*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being scabby.
Scabble \Scab"ble\, v. t.
See {Scapple}.
Scabby \Scab"by\, a. [Compar. {Scabbier}; superl. {Scabbiest}.]
1. Affected with scabs; full of scabs.
2. Diseased with the scab, or mange; mangy. --Swift.
Scabies \Sca"bi*es\, n. (Med.)
The itch.
Scabious \Sca"bi*ous\, a. [L. scabiosus, from scabies the scab:
cf. F. scabieux.]
Consisting of scabs; rough; itchy; leprous; as, scabious
eruptions. --Arbuthnot.
Scabious \Sca"bi*ous\, n. [Cf. F. scabieuse. See {Scabious}, a.]
(Bot.)
Any plant of the genus {Scabiosa}, several of the species of
which are common in Europe. They resemble the {Composit[ae]},
and have similar heads of flowers, but the anthers are not
connected.
{Sweet scabious}.
(a) Mourning bride.
(b) A daisylike plant ({Erigeron annuus}) having a stout
branching stem.
Scabling \Scab"ling\, n. [See {Scapple}.]
A fragment or chip of stone. [Written also {scabline}.]
Scabredity \Sca*bred"i*ty\, n. [L. scabredo, fr. scaber rough.]
Roughness; ruggedness. [Obs.] --Burton.
Scabrous \Sca"brous\, a. [L. scabrosus, fr. scaber rough: cf. F.
scabreux.]
1. Rough to the touch, like a file; having small raised dots,
scales, or points; scabby; scurfy; scaly. --Arbuthnot.
2. Fig.: Harsh; unmusical. [R.]
His verse is scabrous and hobbling. --Dryden.
Scabrousness \Sca"brous*ness\, n.
The quality of being scabrous.
Scabwort \Scab"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
Elecampane.
Scad \Scad\, n. [Gael. & Ir. sgadan a herring.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small carangoid fish ({Trachurus saurus}) abundant on
the European coast, and less common on the American. The
name is applied also to several allied species.
(b) The goggler; -- called also {big-eyed scad}. See
{Goggler}.
(c) The friar skate. [Scot.]
(d) The cigar fish, or round robin.
Scaffold \Scaf"fold\, n. [OF. eschafault, eschafaut, escafaut,
escadafaut, F. ['e]chafaud; probably originally the same word
as E. & F. catafalque, It. catafalco. See {Catafalque}.]
1. A temporary structure of timber, boards, etc., for various
purposes, as for supporting workmen and materials in
building, for exhibiting a spectacle upon, for holding the
spectators at a show, etc.
Pardon, gentles all, The flat, unraised spirits that
have dared On this unworthy scaffold to bring forth
So great an object. --Shak.
2. Specifically, a stage or elevated platform for the
execution of a criminal; as, to die on the scaffold.
That a scaffold of execution should grow a scaffold
of coronation. --Sir P.
Sidney.
3. (Metal.) An accumulation of adherent, partly fused
material forming a shelf, or dome-shaped obstruction,
above the tuy[`e]res in a blast furnace.
Scaffold \Scaf"fold\, v. t.
To furnish or uphold with a scaffold.
Scaffoldage \Scaf"fold*age\, n.
A scaffold. [R.] --Shak.
Scaffolding \Scaf"fold*ing\, n.
1. A scaffold; a supporting framework; as, the scaffolding of
the body. --Pope.
2. Materials for building scaffolds.
Scaglia \Scagl"ia\, n. [It. scaglia a scale, a shell, a chip of
marble.]
A reddish variety of limestone.
Scagliola \Scagl*io"la\, n. [It. scagliuola, dim. of scaglia.
See {Scaglia}.]
An imitation of any veined and ornamental stone, as marble,
formed by a substratum of finely ground gypsum mixed with
glue, the surface of which, while soft, is variegated with
splinters of marble, spar, granite, etc., and subsequently
colored and polished.
Scala \Sca"la\, n.; pl. {Scal[ae]}. [L., a ladder.]
1. (Surg.) A machine formerly employed for reducing
dislocations of the humerus.
2. (Anat.) A term applied to any one of the three canals of
the cochlea.
Scalable \Scal"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being scaled.
Scalade \Sca*lade"\, Scalado \Sca*la"do\, n. (Mil.)
See {Escalade}. --Fairfax.
Scalar \Sca"lar\, n. (Math.)
In the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude,
but not direction; -- distinguished from a vector, which has
both magnitude and direction.
Scalaria \Sca*la"ri*a\, n. [L., flight of steps.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods of the genus
{Scalaria}, or family {Scalarid[ae]}, having elongated spiral
turreted shells, with rounded whorls, usually crossed by ribs
or varices. The color is generally white or pale. Called also
{ladder shell}, and {wentletrap}. See {Ptenoglossa}, and
{Wentletrap}.
Scalariform \Sca*lar"i*form\, a. [L. scalare, scalaria,
staircase, ladder + -form: cf. F. scalariforme.]
1. Resembling a ladder in form or appearance; having
transverse bars or markings like the rounds of a ladder;
as, the scalariform cells and scalariform pits in some
plants.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Like or pertaining to a scalaria.
Scalary \Sca"la*ry\, a. [L. scalaris, fr. scalae, pl. scala,
staircase, ladder.]
Resembling a ladder; formed with steps. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Scalawag \Scal"a*wag\, n.
A scamp; a scapegrace. [Spelt also {scallawag}.] [Slang,
U.S.] --Bartlett.
Scald \Scald\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scalded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scalding}.] [OF. eschalder, eschauder, escauder, F.
['e]chauder, fr. L. excaldare; ex + caldus, calidus, warm,
hot. See {Ex}, and {Caldron}.]
1. To burn with hot liquid or steam; to pain or injure by
contact with, or immersion in, any hot fluid; as, to scald
the hand.
Mine own tears Do scald like molten lead. --Shak.
Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall.
--Cowley.
2. To expose to a boiling or violent heat over a fire, or in
hot water or other liquor; as, to scald milk or meat.
Scald \Scald\, n.
A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by some hot liquid,
or by steam.
Scald \Scald\, a. [For scalled. See {Scall}.]
1. Affected with the scab; scabby. --Shak.
2. Scurvy; paltry; as, scald rhymers. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Scald crow} (Zo["o]l.), the hooded crow. [Ireland]
{Scald head} (Med.), a name popularly given to several
diseases of the scalp characterized by pustules (the dried
discharge of which forms scales) and by falling out of the
hair.
Scald \Scald\, n.
Scurf on the head. See {Scall}. --Spenser.
Scald \Scald\ (sk[a^]ld or sk[add]ld; 277), n. [Icel. sk[=a]ld.]
One of the ancient Scandinavian poets and historiographers; a
reciter and singer of heroic poems, eulogies, etc., among the
Norsemen; more rarely, a bard of any of the ancient Teutonic
tribes. [Written also {skald}.]
A war song such as was of yore chanted on the field of
battle by the scalds of the yet heathen Saxons. --Sir
W. Scott.
Scalder \Scald"er\, n.
A Scandinavian poet; a scald.
Scaldfish \Scald"fish`\, n. [Scald, a. + fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
A European flounder ({Arnoglossus laterna}, or {Psetta
arnoglossa}); -- called also {megrim}, and {smooth sole}.
Scaldic \Scald"ic\ (? or ?), a.
Of or pertaining to the scalds of the Norsemen; as, scaldic
poetry.
Scale \Scale\ (sk[=a]l), n. [AS. sc[=a]le; perhaps influenced by
the kindred Icel. sk[=a]l balance, dish, akin also to D.
schaal a scale, bowl, shell, G. schale, OHG. sc[=a]la, Dan.
skaal drinking cup, bowl, dish, and perh. to E. scale of a
fish. Cf. {Scale} of a fish, {Skull} the brain case.]
1. The dish of a balance; hence, the balance itself; an
instrument or machine for weighing; as, to turn the scale;
-- chiefly used in the plural when applied to the whole
instrument or apparatus for weighing. Also used
figuratively.
Long time in even scale The battle hung. --Milton.
The scales are turned; her kindness weighs no more
Now than my vows. --Waller.
2. pl. (Astron.) The sign or constellation Libra.
{Platform scale}. See under {Platform}.
Scale \Scale\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scaled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scaling}.]
To weigh or measure according to a scale; to measure; also,
to grade or vary according to a scale or system.
Scaling his present bearing with his past. --Shak.
{To} {scale, or scale down}, {a debt, wages, etc.}, to reduce
a debt, etc., according to a fixed ratio or scale. [U.S.]
Scale \Scale\, n. [Cf. AS. scealu, scalu, a shell, parings; akin
to D. schaal, G. schale, OHG. scala, Dan. & Sw. skal a shell,
Dan. ski[ae]l a fish scale, Goth. skalja tile, and E. shale,
shell, and perhaps also to scale of a balance; but perhaps
rather fr. OF. escale, escaile, F. ['e]caille scale of a
fish, and ['e]cale shell of beans, pease, eggs, nuts, of
German origin, and akin to Goth. skalja, G. schale. See
{Shale}.]
1. (Anat.) One of the small, thin, membranous, bony or horny
pieces which form the covering of many fishes and
reptiles, and some mammals, belonging to the dermal part
of the skeleton, or dermoskeleton. See {Cycloid},
{Ctenoid}, and {Ganoid}.
Fish that, with their fins and shining scales, Glide
under the green wave. --Milton.
2. Hence, any layer or leaf of metal or other material,
resembling in size and thinness the scale of a fish; as, a
scale of iron, of bone, etc.
3. (Zo["o]l.) One of the small scalelike structures covering
parts of some invertebrates, as those on the wings of
Lepidoptera and on the body of Thysanura; the elytra of
certain annelids. See {Lepidoptera}.
4. (Zo["o]l.) A scale insect. (See below.)
5. (Bot.) A small appendage like a rudimentary leaf,
resembling the scales of a fish in form, and often in
arrangement; as, the scale of a bud, of a pine cone, and
the like. The name is also given to the chaff on the stems
of ferns.
6. The thin metallic side plate of the handle of a
pocketknife. See Illust. of {Pocketknife}.
7. An incrustation deposit on the inside of a vessel in which
water is heated, as a steam boiler.
8. (Metal.) The thin oxide which forms on the surface of iron
forgings. It consists essentially of the magnetic oxide,
{Fe3O4}. Also, a similar coating upon other metals.
{Covering scale} (Zo["o]l.), a hydrophyllium.
{Ganoid scale}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Ganoid}.
{Scale armor} (Mil.), armor made of small metallic scales
overlapping, and fastened upon leather or cloth.
{Scale beetle} (Zo["o]l.), the tiger beetle.
{Scale carp} (Zo["o]l.), a carp having normal scales.
{Scale insect} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
small hemipterous insects belonging to the family
{Coccid[ae]}, in which the females, when adult, become
more or less scalelike in form. They are found upon the
leaves and twigs of various trees and shrubs, and often do
great damage to fruit trees. See {Orange scale},under
{Orange}.
{Scale moss} (Bot.), any leafy-stemmed moss of the order
{Hepatic[ae]}; -- so called from the small imbricated
scalelike leaves of most of the species. See {Hepatica},
2, and {Jungermannia}.
Scale \Scale\, v. t.
1. To strip or clear of scale or scales; as, to scale a fish;
to scale the inside of a boiler.
2. To take off in thin layers or scales, as tartar from the
teeth; to pare off, as a surface. ``If all the mountains
were scaled, and the earth made even.'' --T. Burnet.
3. To scatter; to spread. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
4. (Gun.) To clean, as the inside of a cannon, by the
explosion of a small quantity of powder. --Totten.
Scale \Scale\, v. i.
1. To separate and come off in thin layers or lamin[ae]; as,
some sandstone scales by exposure.
Those that cast their shell are the lobster and
crab; the old skins are found, but the old shells
never; so it is likely that they scale off. --Bacon.
2. To separate; to scatter. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Scale \Scale\, n. [L. scalae, pl., scala staircase, ladder; akin
to scandere to climb. See {Scan}; cf. {Escalade}.]
1. A ladder; a series of steps; a means of ascending. [Obs.]
2. Hence, anything graduated, especially when employed as a
measure or rule, or marked by lines at regular intervals.
Specifically:
(a) A mathematical instrument, consisting of a slip of
wood, ivory, or metal, with one or more sets of spaces
graduated and numbered on its surface, for measuring
or laying off distances, etc., as in drawing,
plotting, and the like. See {Gunter's scale}.
(b) A series of spaces marked by lines, and representing
proportionately larger distances; as, a scale of
miles, yards, feet, etc., for a map or plan.
(c) A basis for a numeral system; as, the decimal scale;
the binary scale, etc.
(d) (Mus.) The graduated series of all the tones,
ascending or descending, from the keynote to its
octave; -- called also the {gamut}. It may be repeated
through any number of octaves. See {Chromatic scale},
{Diatonic scale}, {Major scale}, and {Minor scale},
under {Chromatic}, {Diatonic}, {Major}, and {Minor}.
3. Gradation; succession of ascending and descending steps
and degrees; progressive series; scheme of comparative
rank or order; as, a scale of being.
There is a certain scale of duties . . . which for
want of studying in right order, all the world is in
confusion. --Milton.
4. Relative dimensions, without difference in proportion of
parts; size or degree of the parts or components in any
complex thing, compared with other like things;
especially, the relative proportion of the linear
dimensions of the parts of a drawing, map, model, etc., to
the dimensions of the corresponding parts of the object
that is represented; as, a map on a scale of an inch to a
mile.
{Scale of chords}, a graduated scale on which are given the
lengths of the chords of arcs from 0[deg] to 90[deg] in a
circle of given radius, -- used in measuring given angles
and in plotting angles of given numbers of degrees.
Scale \Scale\, v. t. [Cf. It. scalare, fr. L. scalae, scala. See
{Scale} a ladder.]
To climb by a ladder, or as if by a ladder; to ascend by
steps or by climbing; to clamber up; as, to scale the wall of
a fort.
Oft have I scaled the craggy oak. --Spenser.
Scale \Scale\, v. i.
To lead up by steps; to ascend. [Obs.]
Satan from hence, now on the lower stair, That scaled
by steps of gold to heaven-gate, Looks down with
wonder. --Milton.
Scaleback \Scale"back`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of marine annelids of the family
{Polynoid[ae]}, and allies, which have two rows of scales, or
elytra, along the back. See Illust. under {Ch[ae]topoda}.
Scalebeam \Scale"beam`\, n.
1. The lever or beam of a balance; the lever of a platform
scale, to which the poise for weighing is applied.
2. A weighing apparatus with a sliding weight, resembling a
steelyard.
Scaleboard \Scale"board`\ (?; commonly ?), n. [3d scale +
board.]
1. (Print.) A thin slip of wood used to justify a page.
[Obs.] --Crabb.
2. A thin veneer of leaf of wood used for covering the
surface of articles of furniture, and the like.
{Scaleboard plane}, a plane for cutting from a board a wide
shaving forming a scaleboard.
Scaled \Scaled\, a.
1. Covered with scales, or scalelike structures; -- said of a
fish, a reptile, a moth, etc.
2. Without scales, or with the scales removed; as, scaled
herring.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Having feathers which in form, color, or
arrangement somewhat resemble scales; as, the scaled dove.
{Scaled dove} (Zo["o]l.), any American dove of the genus
{Scardafella}. Its colored feather tips resemble scales.
Scaleless \Scale"less\, a.
Destitute of scales.
Scalene \Sca*lene"\, a. [L. scalenus, Gr. ?: cf. F. scal[`e]ne.]
1. (Geom.)
(a) Having the sides and angles unequal; -- said of a
triangle.
(b) Having the axis inclined to the base, as a cone.
2. (Anat.)
(a) Designating several triangular muscles called scalene
muscles.
(b) Of or pertaining to the scalene muscles.
{Scalene muscles} (Anat.), a group of muscles, usually three
on each side in man, extending from the cervical
vertebr[ae] to the first and second ribs.
Scalene \Sca*lene"\, n. (Geom.)
A triangle having its sides and angles unequal.
Scalenohedral \Sca*le`no*he"dral\
(sk[.a]*l[=e]`n[-o]*h[=e]"dral), a. (Crystallog.)
Of or pertaining to a scalenohedron.
Scalenohedron \Sca*le`no*he"dron\ (-dr[o^]n), n. [Gr. skalhno`s
uneven + "e`dra seat, base.] (Crystallog.)
A pyramidal form under the rhombohedral system, inclosed by
twelve faces, each a scalene triangle.
Scaler \Scal"er\, n.
One who, or that which, scales; specifically, a dentist's
instrument for removing tartar from the teeth.
Scale-winged \Scale"-winged`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the wings covered with small scalelike structures, as
the Lepidoptera; scaly-winged.
Scaliness \Scal"i*ness\, n.
The state of being scaly; roughness.
Scaling \Scal"ing\ (sk[=a]l"[i^]ng), a.
1. Adapted for removing scales, as from a fish; as, a scaling
knife; adapted for removing scale, as from the interior of
a steam boiler; as, a scaling hammer, bar, etc.
2. Serving as an aid in clambering; as, a scaling ladder,
used in assaulting a fortified place.
Scaliola \Scal*io"la\, n.
Same as {Scagliola}.
Scall \Scall\, n. [Icel. skalli a bald head. Cf. {Scald}, a.]
A scurf or scabby disease, especially of the scalp.
It is a dry scall, even a leprosy upon the head. --Lev.
xiii. 30.
Scall \Scall\, a.
Scabby; scurfy. [Obs.] --Shak.
Scalled \Scalled\, a.
Scabby; scurfy; scall. [Obs.] ``With scalled brows black.''
--Chaucer.
{Scalled head}. (Med.) See {Scald head}, under {Scald}, a.
Scallion \Scal"lion\, n. [OF. escalone, eschaloingne, L. caepa
Ascalonia onion of Ascalon; caepa onion + Ascalonius of
Ascalon, fr. Ascalo Ascalon, a town in Palestine. Cf.
{Shallot}.]
1. (Bot.) A kind of small onion ({Allium Ascalonicum}),
native of Palestine; the eschalot, or shallot.
2. Any onion which does not ``bottom out,'' but remains with
a thick stem like a leek. --Amer. Cyc.
Scallop \Scal"lop\ (?; 277), n. [OF. escalope a shell, probably
of German or Dutch origin, and akin to E. scale of a fish;
cf. D. schelp shell. See {Scale} of a fish, and cf.
{Escalop}.] [Written also {scollop}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve
mollusks of the genus Pecten and allied genera of the
family {Pectinid[ae]}. The shell is usually radially
ribbed, and the edge is therefore often undulated in a
characteristic manner. The large adductor muscle of some
the species is much used as food. One species ({Vola
Jacob[ae]us}) occurs on the coast of Palestine, and its
shell was formerly worn by pilgrims as a mark that they
had been to the Holy Land. Called also {fan shell}. See
{Pecten}, 2.
Note: The common edible scallop of the Eastern United States
is {Pecten irradians}; the large sea scallop, also used
as food, is {P. Clintonius, or tenuicostatus}.
2. One of series of segments of circles joined at their
extremities, forming a border like the edge or surface of
a scallop shell.
3. One of the shells of a scallop; also, a dish resembling a
scallop shell.
Scallop \Scal"lop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scalloped}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Scalloping}.]
1. To mark or cut the edge or border of into segments of
circles, like the edge or surface of a scallop shell. See
{Scallop}, n., 2.
2. (Cookery) To bake in scallop shells or dishes; to prepare
with crumbs of bread or cracker, and bake. See {Scalloped
oysters}, below.
Scalloped \Scal"loped\, a.
1. Furnished with a scallop; made or done with or in a
scallop.
2. Having the edge or border cut or marked with segments of
circles. See {Scallop}, n., 2.
3. (Cookery) Baked in a scallop; cooked with crumbs.
{Scalloped oysters} (Cookery), opened oysters baked in a deep
dish with alternate layers of bread or cracker crumbs,
seasoned with pepper, nutmeg, and butter. This was at
first done in scallop shells.
Scalloper \Scal"lop*er\, n.
One who fishes for scallops.
Scalloping \Scal"lop*ing\, n.
Fishing for scallops.
Scalp \Scalp\ (sk[a^]lp), n. [Cf. {Scallop}.]
A bed of oysters or mussels. [Scot.]
Scalp \Scalp\, n. [Perhaps akin to D. schelp shell. Cf.
{Scallop}.]
1. That part of the integument of the head which is usually
covered with hair.
By the bare scalp of Robin Hodd's fat friar, This
fellow were a king for our wild faction! --Shak.
2. A part of the skin of the head, with the hair attached,
cut or torn off from an enemy by the Indian warriors of
North America, as a token of victory.
3. Fig.: The top; the summit. --Macaulay.
{Scalp lock}, a long tuft of hair left on the crown of the
head by the warriors of some tribes of American Indians.
Scalp \Scalp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scalped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scalping}.]
1. To deprive of the scalp; to cut or tear the scalp from the
head of.
2. (Surg.) To remove the skin of.
We must scalp the whole lid [of the eye]. --J. S.
Wells.
3. (Milling) To brush the hairs or fuzz from, as wheat
grains, in the process of high milling. --Knight.
Scalp \Scalp\, v. i.
To make a small, quick profit by slight fluctuations of the
market; -- said of brokers who operate in this way on their
own account. [Cant]
Scalpel \Scal"pel\ (sk[a^]l"p[e^]l), n. [L. scalpellum, dim. of
scalprum a knife, akin to scalpere to cut, carve, scrape: cf.
F. scalpel.] (Surg.)
A small knife with a thin, keen blade, -- used by surgeons,
and in dissecting.
Scalper \Scalper\ (sk[a^]lp"[~e]r), n.
1. One who, or that which, scalps.
2. (Surg.) Same as {Scalping iron}, under {Scalping}.
3. A broker who, dealing on his own account, tries to get a
small and quick profit from slight fluctuations of the
market. [Cant]
4. A person who buys and sells the unused parts of railroad
tickets. [Cant]
Scalping \Scalp"ing\ (sk[a^]lp"[i^]ng),
a. & n. from {Scalp}.
{Scalping iron} (Surg.), an instrument used in scraping foul
and carious bones; a raspatory.
{Scalping knife}, a knife used by North American Indians in
scalping.
Scalpriform \Scal"pri*form\, a. [L. scalprum chisel, knife +
-form.] (Anat.)
Shaped like a chisel; as, the scalpriform incisors of
rodents.
Scaly \Scal"y\, a.
1. Covered or abounding with scales; as, a scaly fish.
``Scaly crocodile.'' --Milton.
2. Resembling scales, lamin[ae], or layers.
3. Mean; low; as, a scaly fellow. [Low]
4. (Bot.) Composed of scales lying over each other; as, a
scaly bulb; covered with scales; as, a scaly stem.
{Scaly ant-eater} (Zo["o]l.), the pangolin.
Scaly-winged \Scal"y-winged`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Scale-winged.
Scamble \Scam"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scambled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Scambling}.] [Cf. OD. schampelen to deviate, to slip,
schampen to go away, escape, slip, and E. scamper, shamble.]
1. To move awkwardly; to be shuffling, irregular, or
unsteady; to sprawl; to shamble. ``Some scambling
shifts.'' --Dr. H. More. ``A fine old hall, but a
scambling house.'' --Evelyn.
2. To move about pushing and jostling; to be rude and
turbulent; to scramble. ``The scambling and unquiet time
did push it out of . . . question.'' --Shak.
Scamble \Scam"ble\, v. t.
To mangle. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Scambler \Scam"bler\, n.
1. One who scambles.
2. A bold intruder upon the hospitality of others; a mealtime
visitor. [Scot.]
Scamblingly \Scam"bling*ly\, adv.
In a scambling manner; with turbulence and noise; with bold
intrusiveness.
Scamell \Scam"ell\, or Scammel \Scam"mel\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The female bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]
Note: Whether this is the scamel mentioned by Shakespeare
[``Tempest,'' ii. 2] is not known.
Scamillus \Sca*mil"lus\, n.; pl. {Scamilli}. [L., originally, a
little bench, dim. of scamnum bench, stool.] (Arch.)
A sort of second plinth or block, below the bases of Ionic
and Corinthian columns, generally without moldings, and of
smaller size horizontally than the pedestal.
Scammoniate \Scam*mo"ni*ate\, a.
Made from scammony; as, a scammoniate aperient.
Scammony \Scam"mo*ny\ (sk[a^]m"m[-o]*n[y^]), n. [F.
scammon['e]e, L. scammonia, scammonea, Gr. skammwni`a.]
1. (Bot.) A species of bindweed or Convolvulus ({C.
Scammonia}).
2. An inspissated sap obtained from the root of the
{Convolvulus Scammonia}, of a blackish gray color, a
nauseous smell like that of old cheese, and a somewhat
acrid taste. It is used in medicine as a cathartic.
Scamp \Scamp\ (sk[a^]mp), n. [OF. escamper to run away, to make
one's escape. Originally, one who runs away, a fugitive, a
vagabond. See {Scamper}.]
A rascal; a swindler; a rogue. --De Quincey.
Scamp \Scamp\, v. t. [Cf. {Scamp},n., or {Scant}, a., and
{Skimp}.]
To perform in a hasty, neglectful, or imperfect manner; to do
superficially. [Colloq.]
A workman is said to scamp his work when he does it in
a superficial, dishonest manner. --Wedgwood.
Much of the scamping and dawdling complained of is that
of men in establishments of good repute. --T. Hughes.
Scampavia \Scam`pa*vi"a\, n. [It.]
A long, low war galley used by the Neapolitans and Sicilians
in the early part of the nineteenth century.
Scamper \Scam"per\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scampered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Scampering}.] [OF. escamper to escape, to save one's
self; L. ex from + campus the field (sc. of battle). See
{Camp}, and cf. {Decamp}, {Scamp}, n., {Shamble}, v. t.]
To run with speed; to run or move in a quick, hurried manner;
to hasten away. --Macaulay.
The lady, however, . . . could not help scampering
about the room after a mouse. --S. Sharpe.
Scamper \Scam"per\, n.
A scampering; a hasty flight.
Scamperer \Scam"per*er\, n.
One who scampers. --Tyndell.
Scampish \Scamp"ish\, a.
Of or like a scamp; knavish; as, scampish conduct.
Scan \Scan\ (sk[a^]n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scanned} (sk[a^]nd);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Scanning}.] [L. scandere, scansum, to climb,
to scan, akin to Skr. skand to spring, leap: cf. F. scander.
Cf. {Ascend}, {Descend}, {Scale} a ladder.]
1. To mount by steps; to go through with step by step. [Obs.]
Nor stayed till she the highest stage had scand.
--Spenser.
2. Specifically (Pros.), to go through with, as a verse,
marking and distinguishing the feet of which it is
composed; to show, in reading, the metrical structure of;
to recite metrically.
3. To go over and examine point by point; to examine with
care; to look closely at or into; to scrutinize.
The actions of men in high stations are all
conspicuous, and liable to be scanned and sifted.
--Atterbury.
Scandal \Scan"dal\, v. t.
1. To treat opprobriously; to defame; to asperse; to traduce;
to slander. [R.]
I do fawn on men and hug them hard And after scandal
them. --Shak.
2. To scandalize; to offend. [Obs.] --Bp. Story.
Syn: To defame; traduce; reproach; slander; calumniate;
asperse; vilify; disgrace.
Scandalize \Scan"dal*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scandalized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Scandalizing}.] [F. scandaliser, L.
scandalizare, from Gr. skandali`zein.]
1. To offend the feelings or the conscience of (a person) by
some action which is considered immoral or criminal; to
bring shame, disgrace, or reproach upon.
I demand who they are whom we scandalize by using
harmless things. --Hooker.
The congregation looked on in silence, the better
class scandalized, and the lower orders, some
laughing, others backing the soldier or the
minister, as their fancy dictated. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. To reproach; to libel; to defame; to slander.
To tell his tale might be interpreted into
scandalizing the order. --Sir W.
Scott.
Scandalous \Scan"dal*ous\, a. [Cf. F. scandaleux.]
1. Giving offense to the conscience or moral feelings;
exciting reprobation; calling out condemnation.
Nothing scandalous or offensive unto any. --Hooker.
2. Disgraceful to reputation; bringing shame or infamy;
opprobrious; as, a scandalous crime or vice.
3. Defamatory; libelous; as, a scandalous story.
Scandalously \Scan"dal*ous*ly\, adv.
1. In a manner to give offense; shamefully.
His discourse at table was scandalously unbecoming
the dignity of his station. --Swift.
2. With a disposition to impute immorality or wrong.
Shun their fault, who, scandalously nice, Will needs
mistake an author into vice. --Pope.
Scandalousness \Scan"dal*ous*ness\, n.
Quality of being scandalous.
Scandalum magnatum \Scan"da*lum mag*na"tum`\ [L., scandal of
magnates.] (Law)
A defamatory speech or writing published to the injury of a
person of dignity; -- usually abbreviated scan. mag.
Scandent \Scan"dent\, a. [L. scandens, -entis, p. pr. of
scandere to climb.]
Climbing.
Note: Scandent plants may climb either by twining, as the
hop, or by twisted leafstalks, as the clematis, or by
tendrils, as the passion flower, or by rootlets, as the
ivy.
Scandia \Scan"di*a\, n. [NL. See {Scandium}.] (Chem.)
A chemical earth, the oxide of scandium.
Scandic \Scan"dic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to scandium; derived from, or containing,
scandium.
Scandinavian \Scan`di*na"vi*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Scandinavia, that is, Sweden, Norway, and
Denmark. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Scandinavia.
Scandium \Scan"di*um\, n. [NL. So called because found in
Scandinavian minerals.] (Chem.)
A rare metallic element of the boron group, whose existence
was predicted under the provisional name {ekaboron} by means
of the periodic law, and subsequently discovered by spectrum
analysis in certain rare Scandinavian minerals (euxenite and
gadolinite). It has not yet been isolated. Symbol Sc. Atomic
weight 44.
Scansion \Scan"sion\, n. [L. scansio, fr. scandere, scansum, to
climb. See {Scan}.] (Pros.)
The act of scanning; distinguishing the metrical feet of a
verse by emphasis, pauses, or otherwise.
Scansores \Scan*so"res\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. scandere, scansum,
to climb.] (Zo["o]l.)
An artifical group of birds formerly regarded as an order.
They are distributed among several orders by modern
ornithologists.
Note: The toes are in pairs, two before and two behind, by
which they are enabled to cling to, and climb upon,
trees, as the woodpeckers, parrots, cuckoos, and
trogons. See Illust. under {Aves}.
Scansorial \Scan*so"ri*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Capable of climbing; as, the woodpecker is a scansorial
bird; adapted for climbing; as, a scansorial foot.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Scansores. See Illust.. under
{Aves}.
{Scansorial tail} (Zo["o]l.), a tail in which the feathers
are stiff and sharp at the tip, as in the woodpeckers.
Scant \Scant\, a. [Compar. {Scanter}; superl. {Scantest}.]
[Icel. skamt, neuter of skamr, skammr, short; cf. skamta to
dole out, to portion.]
1. Not full, large, or plentiful; scarcely sufficient; less
than is wanted for the purpose; scanty; meager; not
enough; as, a scant allowance of provisions or water; a
scant pattern of cloth for a garment.
His sermon was scant, in all, a quarter of an hour.
--Ridley.
2. Sparing; parsimonious; chary.
Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. --Shak.
Syn: See under {Scanty}.
Scant \Scant\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scanted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scanting}.]
1. To limit; to straiten; to treat illiberally; to stint; as,
to scant one in provisions; to scant ourselves in the use
of necessaries.
Where a man hath a great living laid together and
where he is scanted. --Bacon.
I am scanted in the pleasure of dwelling on your
actions. --Dryden.
2. To cut short; to make small, narrow, or scanty; to
curtail. ``Scant not my cups.'' --Shak.
Scant \Scant\, v. i.
To fail, or become less; to scantle; as, the wind scants.
Scant \Scant\, adv.
In a scant manner; with difficulty; scarcely; hardly. [Obs.]
--Bacon.
So weak that he was scant able to go down the stairs.
--Fuller.
Scant \Scant\, n.
Scantness; scarcity. [R.] --T. Carew.
Scantily \Scant"i*ly\, adv.
In a scanty manner; not fully; not plentifully; sparingly;
parsimoniously.
His mind was very scantily stored with materials.
--Macaulay.
Scantiness \Scant"i*ness\, n.
Quality or condition of being scanty.
Scantle \Scan"tle\, v. i. [Dim. of scant, v.]
To be deficient; to fail. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Scantle \Scan"tle\, v. t. [OF. escanteler, eschanteler, to break
into contles; pref. es- (L. ex) + cantel, chantel, corner,
side, piece. Confused with E. scant. See {Cantle}.]
To scant; to be niggard of; to divide into small pieces; to
cut short or down. [Obs.]
All their pay Must your discretion scantle; keep it
back. --J. Webster.
Scantlet \Scant"let\, n. [OF. eschantelet corner.]
A small pattern; a small quantity. [Obs.] --Sir M. Hale.
Scantling \Scant"ling\, a. [See {Scant}, a.]
Not plentiful; small; scanty. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Scantling \Scant"ling\, n. [Cf. OF. eschantillon, F.
['e]chantillon, a sample, pattern, example. In some senses
confused with scant insufficient. See {Scantle}, v. t.]
1. A fragment; a bit; a little piece. Specifically:
(a) A piece or quantity cut for a special purpose; a
sample. [Obs.]
Such as exceed not this scantling; -- to be
solace to the sovereign and harmless to the
people. --Bacon.
A pretty scantling of his knowledge may taken by
his deferring to be baptized so many years.
--Milton.
(b) A small quantity; a little bit; not much. [Obs.]
Reducing them to narrow scantlings. --Jer.
Taylor.
2. A piece of timber sawed or cut of a small size, as for
studs, rails, etc.
3. The dimensions of a piece of timber with regard to its
breadth and thickness; hence, the measure or dimensions of
anything.
4. A rough draught; a rude sketch or outline.
5. A frame for casks to lie upon; a trestle. --Knight.
Scantly \Scant"ly\, adv.
1. In a scant manner; not fully or sufficiently; narrowly;
penuriously. --Dryden.
2. Scarcely; hardly; barely.
Scantly they durst their feeble eyes dispread Upon
that town. --Fairfax.
We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is
scantly time for half the work. --Tennyson.
Scantness \Scant"ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being scant; narrowness;
smallness; insufficiency; scantiness. ``Scantness of outward
things.'' --Barrow.
Scanty \Scant"y\, a. [Compar. {Scantier}; superl. {Scantiest}.]
[From {Scant}, a.]
1. Wanting amplitude or extent; narrow; small; not abundant.
His dominions were very narrow and scanty. --Locke.
Now scantier limits the proud arch confine. --Pope.
2. Somewhat less than is needed; insufficient; scant; as, a
scanty supply of words; a scanty supply of bread.
3. Sparing; niggardly; parsimonious.
In illustrating a point of difficulty, be not too
scanty of words. --I. Watts.
Syn: Scant; narrow; small; poor; deficient; meager; scarce;
chary; sparing; parsimonious; penurious; niggardly;
grudging.
Scape \Scape\, n. [L. scapus shaft, stem, stalk; cf. Gr. ? a
staff: cf. F. scape. Cf. {Scepter}.]
1. (Bot.) A peduncle rising from the ground or from a
subterranean stem, as in the stemless violets, the
bloodroot, and the like.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The long basal joint of the antenn[ae] of an
insect.
3. (Arch.)
(a) The shaft of a column.
(b) The apophyge of a shaft.
Scape \Scape\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Scaped}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Scaping}.] [Aphetic form of escape.]
To escape. [Obs. or Poetic.] --Milton.
Out of this prison help that we may scape. --Chaucer.
Scape \Scape\, n.
1. An escape. [Obs.]
I spake of most disastrous chances, . . . Of
hairbreadth scapes in the imminent, deadly breach.
--Shak.
2. Means of escape; evasion. [Obs.] --Donne.
3. A freak; a slip; a fault; an escapade. [Obs.]
Not pardoning so much as the scapes of error and
ignorance. --Milton.
4. Loose act of vice or lewdness. [Obs.] --Shak.
Scapegallows \Scape"gal`lows\, n.
One who has narrowly escaped the gallows for his crimes.
[Colloq.] --Dickens.
Scapegoat \Scape"goat`\, n. [Scape (for escape) + goat.]
1. (Jewish Antiq.) A goat upon whose head were symbolically
placed the sins of the people, after which he was suffered
to escape into the wilderness. --Lev. xvi. 10.
2. Hence, a person or thing that is made to bear blame for
others. --Tennyson.
Scapegrace \Scape"grace`\, n.
A graceless, unprincipled person; one who is wild and
reckless. --Beaconsfield.
Scapeless \Scape"less\, a. (Bot.)
Destitute of a scape.
Scapement \Scape"ment\, n. [See {Scape}, v., {Escapement}.]
Same as {Escapement}, 3.
Scape-wheel \Scape"-wheel`\, n. (Horol.)
The wheel in an escapement (as of a clock or a watch) into
the teeth of which the pallets play.
Scaphander \Sca*phan"der\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, anything hollowed + ?,
?, a man: cf. F. scaphandre.]
The case, or impermeable apparel, in which a diver can work
while under water.
Scaphism \Scaph"ism\, n. [Gr. ska`fh a trough.]
An ancient mode of punishing criminals among the Persians, by
confining the victim in a trough, with his head and limbs
smeared with honey or the like, and exposed to the sun and to
insects until he died.
Scaphite \Scaph"ite\, n. [L. scapha a boat, fr. Gr. ska`fh a
boat, anything dug or scooped out, fr. ska`ptein to dig.]
(Paleon.)
Any fossil cephalopod shell of the genus {Scaphites},
belonging to the Ammonite family and having a chambered
boat-shaped shell. Scaphites are found in the Cretaceous
formation.
Scaphocephalic \Scaph`o*ce*phal"ic\, a. (Anat.)
Of, pertaining to, or affected with, scaphocephaly.
Scaphocephaly \Scaph`o*ceph"a*ly\, n. [Gr. ska`fh a boat +
kefalh` head.] (Anat.)
A deformed condition of the skull, in which the vault is
narrow, elongated, and more or less boat-shaped.
Scaphocerite \Scaph`o*ce"rite\, n. [Gr. ska`fh boat + E.
cerite.] (Zo["o]l.)
A flattened plate or scale attached to the second joint of
the antenn[ae] of many Crustacea.
Scaphognathite \Sca*phog"na*thite\, n. [Gr. ska`fh boat +
gna`qos jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
A thin leafike appendage (the exopodite) of the second
maxilla of decapod crustaceans. It serves as a pumping organ
to draw the water through the gill cavity.
Scaphoid \Scaph"oid\ (?; 277), a. [Gr. ska`fh a boat + -oid: cf.
F. scapho["i]de.] (Anat.)
Resembling a boat in form; boat-shaped. -- n. The scaphoid
bone.
{Scaphoid bone}
(a) One of the carpal bones, which articulates with the
radius; the radiale.
(b) One of the tarsal bones; the navicular bone. See under
{Navicular}.
Scapholunar \Scaph`o*lu"nar\, a. [Scaphoid + lunar.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the scaphoid and lunar bones of the
carpus. -- n. The scapholunar bone.
{Scapholunar bone}, a bone formed by the coalescence of the
scaphoid and lunar in the carpus of carnivora.
Scaphopda \Sca*phop"*da\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ska`fh a boat +
-poda.] (Zo["o]l.)
A class of marine cephalate Mollusca having a tubular shell
open at both ends, a pointed or spadelike foot for burrowing,
and many long, slender, prehensile oral tentacles. It
includes Dentalium, or the tooth shells, and other similar
shells. Called also {Prosopocephala}, and {Solenoconcha}.
Scapiform \Sca"pi*form\, a. (Bot.)
Resembling a scape, or flower stem.
Scapolite \Scap"o*lite\ (sk[a^]p"[-o]*l[imac]t), n. [Gr. ? a
staff, or L. scapus a stem, stalk + -lite: cf. F. scapolite.]
(Mon.)
A grayish white mineral occuring in tetragonal crystals and
in cleavable masses. It is essentially a silicate of alumina
and soda.
Note: The scapolite group includes scapolite proper, or
wernerite, also meionite, dipyre, etc.
Scapple \Scap"ple\ (sk[a^]p"p'l), v. t. [Cf. OF. eskapeler,
eschapler, to cut, hew, LL. scapellare. Cf. {Scabble}.]
(a) To work roughly, or shape without finishing, as stone
before leaving the quarry.
(b) To dress in any way short of fine tooling or rubbing, as
stone. --Gwilt.
Scapula \Scap"u*la\ (sk[a^]p"[-u]*l[.a]), n.; pl. L.
{Scapul[ae]}, E. {Scapulas}. [L.]
1. (Anat.) The principal bone of the shoulder girdle in
mammals; the shoulder blade.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the plates from which the arms of a
crinoid arise.
Scapular \Scap"u*lar\, a. [Cf. F. scapulaire. Cf. {Scapulary}.]
Of or pertaining to the scapula or the shoulder.
{Scapular arch} (Anat.), the pectoral arch. See under
{pectoral}.
{Scapular region}, or {Scapular tract} (Zo["o]l.), a definite
longitudinal area over the shoulder and along each side of
the back of a bird, from which the scapular feathers
arise.
Scapular \Scap"u*lar\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of a special group of feathers which arise from each of
the scapular regions and lie along the sides of the back.
Scapular \Scap"u*lar\, Scapulary \Scap"u*la*ry\, n. [F.
scapulaire, LL. scapularium, scapulare, fr. L. scapula
shoulder blade.]
1. (R. C. Ch.)
(a) A loose sleeveless vestment falling in front and
behind, worn by certain religious orders and devout
persons.
(b) The name given to two pieces of cloth worn under the
ordinary garb and over the shoulders as an act of
devotion. --Addis & Arnold.
2. (Surg.) A bandage passing over the shoulder to support it,
or to retain another bandage in place.
Scapulary \Scap"u*la*ry\, a.
Same as {Scapular}, a.
Scapulary \Scap"u*la*ry\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as 2d and 3d {Scapular}.
Scapulet \Scap"u*let\, n. [Dim. of scapula.] (Zo["o]l.)
A secondary mouth fold developed at the base of each of the
armlike lobes of the manubrium of many rhizostome medus[ae].
See Illustration in Appendix.
Scapulo- \Scap"u*lo-\
A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the scapula or the shoulder; as, the
scapulo-clavicular articulation, the articulation between the
scapula and clavicle.
Scapus \Sca"pus\, n. [L.]
See 1st {Scape}.
Scar \Scar\, n. [OF. escare, F. eschare an eschar, a dry slough
(cf. It. & Sp. escara), L. eschara, fr. Gr. ? hearth,
fireplace, scab, eschar. Cf. {Eschar}.]
1. A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made by a wound
or ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is
healed; a cicatrix; a mark left by a previous injury; a
blemish; a disfigurement.
This earth had the beauty of youth, . . . and not a
wrinkle, scar, or fracture on all its body. --T.
Burnet.
2. (Bot.) A mark left upon a stem or branch by the fall of a
leaf, leaflet, or frond, or upon a seed by the separation
of its support. See Illust.. under {Axillary}.
Scar \Scar\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scarred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scarring}.]
To mark with a scar or scars.
Yet I'll not shed her blood; Nor scar that whiter skin
of hers than snow. --Shak.
His cheeks were deeply scarred. --Macaulay.
Scar \Scar\, v. i.
To form a scar.
Scar \Scar\, n. [Scot. scar, scaur, Icel. sker a skerry, an
isolated rock in the sea; akin to Dan. ski[ae]r, Sw. sk["a]r.
Cf. {Skerry}.]
An isolated or protruding rock; a steep, rocky eminence; a
bare place on the side of a mountain or steep bank of earth.
[Written also {scaur}.]
O sweet and far, from cliff and scar, The horns of
Elfland faintly blowing. --Tennyson.
Scar \Scar\, n. [L. scarus, a kind of fish, Gr. ska`ros.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A marine food fish, the scarus, or parrot fish.
Scarab \Scar"ab\, Scarabee \Scar"a*bee\, n. [L. scarabaeus; cf.
F. scarab['e]e.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of lamellicorn beetles of the
genus {Scarab[ae]us}, or family {Scarab[ae]id[ae]},
especially the sacred, or Egyptian, species ({Scarab[ae]us
sacer}, and {S. Egyptiorum}).
Scarabaeus \Scar`a*b[ae]"us\, n. [L.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Scarab}.
Scaraboid \Scar"a*boid\, a. [Scarab + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the family {Scarab[ae]id[ae]}, an
extensive group which includes the Egyptian scarab, the
tumbledung, and many similar lamellicorn beetles.
Scaraboid \Scar"a*boid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A scaraboid beetle.
Scaramouch \Scar"a*mouch`\, n. [F. scaramouche, It. scaramuccio,
scaramuccia, originally the name of a celebrated Italian
comedian; cf. It. scaramuccia, scaramuccio, F. escarmouche,
skirmish. Cf. {Skirmish}.]
A personage in the old Italian comedy (derived from Spain)
characterized by great boastfulness and poltroonery; hence, a
person of like characteristics; a buffoon.
Scarce \Scarce\ (sk[^a]rs), a. [Compar. {Scarcer}
(sk[^a]r"s[~e]r); superl. {Scarcest}.] [OE. scars, OF.
escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, excarpsus, for L. excerptus,
p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to
shorten; ex (see {Ex-}) + carpere. See {Carpet}, and cf.
{Excerp}.]
1. Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion
to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon.
You tell him silver is scarcer now in England, and
therefore risen one fifth in value. --Locke.
The scarcest of all is a Pescennius Niger on a
medallion well preserved. --Addison.
2. Scantily supplied (with); deficient (in); -- with of.
[Obs.] ``A region scarce of prey.'' --Milton.
3. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; stingy. [Obs.] ``Too scarce
ne too sparing.'' --Chaucer.
{To make one's self scarce}, to decamp; to depart. [Slang]
Syn: Rare; infrequent; deficient. See {Rare}.
Scarce \Scarce\, Scarcely \Scarce"ly\, adv.
1. With difficulty; hardly; scantly; barely; but just.
With a scarce well-lighted flame. --Milton.
The eldest scarcely five year was of age. --Chaucer.
Slowly she sails, and scarcely stems the tides.
--Dryden.
He had scarcely finished, when the laborer arrived
who had been sent for my ransom. --W. Irving.
2. Frugally; penuriously. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Scarcement \Scarce"ment\, n. (Arch. & Engin.)
An offset where a wall or bank of earth, etc., retreats,
leaving a shelf or footing.
Scarceness \Scarce"ness\, Scarcity \Scar"ci*ty\, n.
The quality or condition of being scarce; smallness of
quantity in proportion to the wants or demands; deficiency;
lack of plenty; short supply; penury; as, a scarcity of
grain; a great scarcity of beauties. --Chaucer.
A scarcity of snow would raise a mutiny at Naples.
--Addison.
Praise . . . owes its value to its scarcity. --Rambler.
The value of an advantage is enhanced by its
scarceness. --Collier.
Syn: Deficiency; lack; want; penury; dearth; rareness;
rarity; infrequency.
Scard \Scard\, n.
A shard or fragment. [Obs.]
Scare \Scare\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scaring}.] [OE. skerren, skeren, Icel. skirra to bar,
prevent, skirrask to shun, shrink from; or fr. OE. skerre,
adj., scared, Icel. skjarr; both perhaps akin to E. sheer to
turn.]
To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to alarm.
The noise of thy crossbow Will scare the herd, and so
my shoot is lost. --Shak.
{To scare away}, to drive away by frightening.
{To scare up}, to find by search, as if by beating for game.
[Slang]
Syn: To alarm; frighten; startle; affright; terrify.
Scare \Scare\, n.
Fright; esp., sudden fright produced by a trifling cause, or
originating in mistake. [Colloq.]
Scarecrow \Scare"crow`\, n.
1. Anything set up to frighten crows or other birds from
cornfields; hence, anything terifying without danger.
A scarecrow set to frighten fools away. --Dryden.
2. A person clad in rags and tatters.
No eye hath seen such scarecrows. I'll not march
with them through Coventry, that's flat. --Shak.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The black tern. [Prov. Eng.]
Scarefire \Scare"fire`\, n.
1. An alarm of fire. [Obs.]
2. A fire causing alarm. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Scarf \Scarf\ (sk[aum]rf), n. [Icel. skarfr.]
A cormorant. [Scot.]
Scarf \Scarf\, n.; pl. {Scarfs}, rarely {Scarves} (sk[aum]rvz).
[Cf. OF. escharpe a pilgrim's scrip, or wallet (hanging about
the neck), F. ['e]charpe sash, scarf; probably from OHG.
scharpe pocket; also (from the French) Dan. ski[ae]rf; Sw.
sk["a]rp, Prov. G. sch["a]rfe, LG. scherf, G. sch["a]rpe; and
also AS. scearf a fragment; possibly akin to E. scrip a
wallet. Cf. {Scarp} a scarf.]
An article of dress of a light and decorative character, worn
loosely over the shoulders or about the neck or the waist; a
light shawl or handkerchief for the neck; also, a cravat; a
neckcloth.
Put on your hood and scarf. --Swift.
With care about the banners, scarves, and staves. --R.
Browning.
Scarf \Scarf\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scarfed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scarfing}.]
1. To throw on loosely; to put on like a scarf. ``My sea-gown
scarfed about me.'' --Shak.
2. To dress with a scarf, or as with a scarf; to cover with a
loose wrapping. --Shak.
Scarf \Scarf\, v. t. [Sw. skarfva to eke out, to join together,
skarf a seam, joint; cf. Dan. skarre to joint, to unite
timber, Icel. skara to clinch the planks of a boat, G.
scharben to chop, to cut small.]
(a) To form a scarf on the end or edge of, as for a joint
in timber, metal rods, etc.
(b) To unite, as two pieces of timber or metal, by a scarf
joint.
Scarf \Scarf\, n.
(a) In a piece which is to be united to another by a scarf
joint, the part of the end or edge that is tapered
off, rabbeted, or notched so as to be thinner than the
rest of the piece.
(b) A scarf joint.
{Scarf joint}
(a) A joint made by overlapping and bolting or locking
together the ends of two pieces of timber that are
halved, notched, or cut away so that they will fit
each other and form a lengthened beam of the same size
at the junction as elsewhere.
(b) A joint formed by welding, riveting, or brazing
together the overlapping scarfed ends, or edges, of
metal rods, sheets, etc.
{Scarf weld}. See under {Weld}.
Scarfskin \Scarf"skin`\, n. (Anat.)
See {Epidermis}.
Scarification \Scar`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. scarificatio: cf. F.
scarification.]
The act of scarifying.
Scarificator \Scar"i*fi*ca`tor\, n. [Cf. F. scarificateur.]
(Surg.)
An instrument, principally used in cupping, containing
several lancets moved simultaneously by a spring, for making
slight incisions.
Scarifier \Scar"i*fi`er\, n.
1. One who scarifies.
2. (Surg.) The instrument used for scarifying.
3. (Agric.) An implement for stripping and loosening the
soil, without bringing up a fresh surface.
You have your scarifiers to make the ground clean.
--Southey.
Scarify \Scar"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scarified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Scarifying}.] [F. scarifier, L. scarificare,
scarifare, fr. Gr. ? to scratch up, fr. ? a pointed
instrument.]
1. To scratch or cut the skin of; esp. (Med.), to make small
incisions in, by means of a lancet or scarificator, so as
to draw blood from the smaller vessels without opening a
large vein.
2. (Agric.) To stir the surface soil of, as a field.
Scariose \Sca"ri*ose\, Scarious \Sca"ri*ous\, a. [F. scarieux,
NL. scariosus. Cf. {Scary}.] (Bot.)
Thin, dry, membranous, and not green. --Gray.
Scarlatina \Scar`la*ti"na\, n. [NL.: cf. F. scarlatine. See
{Scarlet}.] (Med.)
Scarlet fever. -- {Scar`la*ti"nal}, a. -- {Scar*lat"i*nous}
(# or #), a.
Scarless \Scar"less\, a.
Free from scar. --Drummond.
Scarlet \Scar"let\, n. [OE. scarlat, scarlet, OF. escarlate, F.
['e]carlate (cf. Pr. escarlat, escarlata, Sp. & Pg.
escarlata, It. scarlatto, LL. scarlatum), from Per.
sakirl[=a]t.]
A deep bright red tinged with orange or yellow, -- of many
tints and shades; a vivid or bright red color.
2. Cloth of a scarlet color.
All her household are clothed with scarlet. --Prov.
xxxi. 21.
Scarlet \Scar"let\, a.
Of the color called scarlet; as, a scarlet cloth or thread.
{Scarlet admiral} (Zo["o]l.), the red admiral. See under
{Red}. -- Scarlet bean (Bot.), a kind of bean ({Phaseolus
multiflorus}) having scarlet flowers; scarlet runner.
{Scarlet fever} (Med.), a contagious febrile disease
characterized by inflammation of the fauces and a scarlet
rash, appearing usually on the second day, and ending in
desquamation about the sixth or seventh day.
{Scarlet fish} (Zo["o]l.), the telescope fish; -- so called
from its red color. See under {Telescope}.
{Scarlet ibis} (Zo["o]l.) See under {Ibis}.
{Scarlet maple} (Bot.), the red maple. See {Maple}.
{Scarlet mite} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
bright red carnivorous mites found among grass and moss,
especially {Thombidium holosericeum} and allied species.
The young are parasitic upon spiders and insects.
{Scarlet oak} (Bot.), a species of oak ({Quercus coccinea})
of the United States; -- so called from the scarlet color
of its leaves in autumn.
{Scarlet runner} (Bot.), the scarlet bean.
{Scarlet tanager}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Tanager}.
Scarlet \Scar"let\, v. t.
To dye or tinge with scarlet. [R.]
The ashy paleness of my cheek Is scarleted in ruddy
flakes of wrath. --Ford.
Scarmage \Scar"mage\, Scarmoge \Scar"moge\, n.
A slight contest; a skirmish. See {Skirmish}. [Obs.]
Such cruel game my scarmoges disarms. --Spenser.
Scarn \Scarn\, n. [Icel. skarn; akin to AS. scearn. Cf.
{Shearn}.]
Dung. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Ray.
{Scarn bee} (Zo["o]l.), a dung beetle.
Scaroid \Sca"roid\, a. [Scarus + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the {Scarid[ae]}, a family of marine
fishes including the parrot fishes.
Scarp \Scarp\, n. [OF. escharpe. See 2d {Scarf}.] (Her.)
A band in the same position as the bend sinister, but only
half as broad as the latter.
Scarp \Scarp\, n. [Aphetic form of {Escarp}.]
1. (Fort.) The slope of the ditch nearest the parapet; the
escarp.
2. A steep descent or declivity.
Scarp \Scarp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scarped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scarping}.]
To cut down perpendicularly, or nearly so; as, to scarp the
face of a ditch or a rock.
From scarped cliff and quarried stone. --Tennyson.
Sweep ruins from the scarped mountain. --Emerson.
Scarring \Scar"ring\, n.
A scar; a mark.
We find upon the limestone rocks the scarrings of the
ancient glacier which brought the bowlder here.
--Tyndall.
Scarry \Scar"ry\, a.
Bearing scars or marks of wounds.
Scarry \Scar"ry\, a. [See 4th {Scar}.]
Like a scar, or rocky eminence; containing scars.
--Holinshed.
Scarus \Sca"rus\, n. [L. See {Scar} a kind of fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
A Mediterranean food fish ({Sparisoma scarus}) of excellent
quality and highly valued by the Romans; -- called also
{parrot fish}.
Scary \Sca"ry\, n. [Prov. E. scare scraggy.]
Barren land having only a thin coat of grass. [Prov. Eng.]
Scary \Scar"y\, a. [From {Scare}.]
1. Subject to sudden alarm. [Colloq. U. S.] --Whittier.
2. Causing fright; alarming. [Colloq. U. S.]
Scasely \Scase"ly\, adv.
Scarcely; hardly. [Obs. or Colloq.] --Robynson (More's
Utopia)
Scat \Scat\ (sk[a^]t), interj.
Go away; begone; away; -- chiefly used in driving off a cat.
Scat \Scat\, Scatt \Scatt\, n. [Icel. skattr.]
Tribute. [R.] ``Seizing scatt and treasure.'' --Longfellow.
Scat \Scat\, n.
A shower of rain. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
Scatch \Scatch\, n. [F. escache.]
A kind of bit for the bridle of a horse; -- called also
{scatchmouth}. --Bailey.
Scatches \Scatch"es\, n. pl. [OF. eschaces, F. ['e]chasses, fr.
D. schaats a high-heeled shoe, a skate. See {Skate}, for the
foot.]
Stilts. [Prov. Eng.]
Scate \Scate\ (sk[=a]t), n.
See {Skate}, for the foot.
Scatebrous \Scat"e*brous\, a. [L. scatebra a gushing up of
water, from scatere to bubble, gush.]
Abounding with springs. [Obs.]
Scath \Scath\ (sk[a^]th; 277), n. [Icel. ska[eth]i; akin to Dan.
skade, Sw. skada, AS. scea[eth]a, sca[eth]a, foe, injurer,
OS. ska[eth]o, D. schade, harm, injury, OHG. scade, G.
schade, schaden; cf. Gr. 'askhqh`s unharmed. Cf. {Scathe},
v.]
Harm; damage; injury; hurt; waste; misfortune. [Written also
{scathe}.]
But she was somedeal deaf, and that was skathe.
--Chaucer.
Great mercy, sure, for to enlarge a thrall, Whose
freedom shall thee turn to greatest scath. --Spenser.
Wherein Rome hath done you any scath, Let him make
treble satisfaction. --Shak.
Scathe \Scathe\ (sk[=a][th]; 277), Scath \Scath\ (sk[a^]th;
277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scathed} (sk[=a][th]d or
sk[a^]tht); p. pr. & vb. n. {Scathing} (sk[=a][th]"[i^]ng or
sk[a^]th"-).] [Icel. ska[eth]a; akin to AS. scea[eth]an,
sce[eth][eth]an, Dan. skade, Sw. skada, D. & G. schaden, OHG.
scad[=o]n, Goth. ska[thorn]jan.]
To do harm to; to injure; to damage; to waste; to destroy.
As when heaven's fire Hath scathed the forest oaks or
mountain pines. --Milton.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the soul.
--W. Irving.
Scathful \Scath"ful\, a.
Harmful; doing damage; pernicious. --Shak. --
{Scath"ful*ness}, n.
Scathless \Scath"less\, a.
Unharmed. --R. L. Stevenson.
He, too, . . . is to be dismissed scathless. --Sir W.
Scott.
Scathly \Scath"ly\, a.
Injurious; scathful. [Obs.]
Scatter \Scat"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scattered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Scattering}.] [OE. scateren. See {Shatter}.]
1. To strew about; to sprinkle around; to throw down loosely;
to deposit or place here and there, esp. in an open or
sparse order.
And some are scattered all the floor about.
--Chaucer.
Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan swains, Their
scattered cottages, and ample plains? --Dryden.
Teach the glad hours to scatter, as they fly, Soft
quiet, gentle love, and endless joy. --Prior.
2. To cause to separate in different directions; to reduce
from a close or compact to a loose or broken order; to
dissipate; to disperse.
Scatter and disperse the giddy Goths. --Shak.
3. Hence, to frustrate, disappoint, and overthrow; as, to
scatter hopes, plans, or the like.
Syn: To disperse; dissipate; spread; strew.
Scatter \Scat"ter\, v. i.
To be dispersed or dissipated; to disperse or separate; as,
clouds scatter after a storm.
Scatter-brain \Scat"ter-brain`\, n.
A giddy or thoughtless person; one incapable of concentration
or attention. [Written also {scatter-brains}.]
Scatter-brained \Scat"ter-brained`\, a.
Giddy; thoughtless.
Scattered \Scat"tered\, a.
1. Dispersed; dissipated; sprinkled, or loosely spread.
2. (Bot.) Irregular in position; having no regular order; as,
scattered leaves. -- {Scat"tered*ly}, adv. --
{Scat"tered*ness}, n.
Scattergood \Scat"ter*good`\, n.
One who wastes; a spendthrift.
Scattering \Scat"ter*ing\, a.
Going or falling in various directions; not united or
aggregated; divided among many; as, scattering votes.
Scattering \Scat"ter*ing\, n.
Act of strewing about; something scattered. --South.
Scatteringly \Scat"ter*ing*ly\, adv.
In a scattering manner; dispersedly.
Scatterling \Scat"ter*ling\, n. [Scatter + -ling.]
One who has no fixed habitation or residence; a vagabond.
[Obs.] ``Foreign scatterlings.'' --Spenser.
Scaturient \Sca*tu"ri*ent\, a.[L. scaturiens, p. pr. of
scaturire gush out, from scatere to bubble, gush.]
Gushing forth; full to overflowing; effusive. [R.]
A pen so scaturient and unretentive. --Sir W.
Scott.
Scaturiginous \Scat`u*rig"i*nous\, a. [L. scaturiginosus, fr.
scaturigo gushing water. See {Scaturient}.]
Abounding with springs. [Obs.]
Scaup \Scaup\ (sk[add]p), n. [See {Scalp} a bed of oysters or
mussels.]
1. A bed or stratum of shellfish; scalp. [Scot.]
2. (Zo["o]l.) A scaup duck. See below.
{Scaup duck} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
northern ducks of the genus {Aythya}, or {Fuligula}. The
adult males are, in large part, black. The three North
American species are: the greater scaup duck ({Aythya
marila}, var. nearctica), called also {broadbill},
{bluebill}, {blackhead}, {flock duck}, {flocking fowl},
and {raft duck}; the lesser scaup duck ({A. affinis}),
called also {little bluebill}, {river broadbill}, and
{shuffler}; the tufted, or ring-necked, scaup duck ({A.
collaris}), called also {black jack}, {ringneck},
{ringbill}, {ringbill shuffler}, etc. See Illust.. of
{Ring-necked duck}, under {Ring-necked}. The common
European scaup, or mussel, duck ({A. marila}), closely
resembles the American variety.
Scauper \Scaup"er\, n. [Cf. {Scalper}.]
A tool with a semicircular edge, -- used by engravers to
clear away the spaces between the lines of an engraving.
--Fairholt.
Scaur \Scaur\, n.
A precipitous bank or rock; a scar.
Scavage \Scav"age\ (?; 48), n. [LL. scavagium, fr. AS.
sce['a]wian to look at, to inspect. See {Show}.] (O. Eng.
Law)
A toll or duty formerly exacted of merchant strangers by
mayors, sheriffs, etc., for goods shown or offered for sale
within their precincts. --Cowell.
Scavenge \Scav"enge\, v. t.
To cleanse, as streets, from filth. --C. Kingsley.
Scavenger \Scav"en*ger\, n. [OE. scavager an officer with
various duties, originally attending to scavage, fr. OE. & E.
scavage. See {Scavage}, {Show}, v.]
A person whose employment is to clean the streets of a city,
by scraping or sweeping, and carrying off the filth. The name
is also applied to any animal which devours refuse, carrion,
or anything injurious to health.
{Scavenger beetle} (Zo["o]l.), any beetle which feeds on
decaying substances, as the carrion beetle.
{Scavenger crab} (Zo["o]l.), any crab which feeds on dead
animals, as the spider crab.
{Scavenger's daughter} [corrupt. of Skevington's daughter],
an instrument of torture invented by Sir W. Skevington,
which so compressed the body as to force the blood to flow
from the nostrils, and sometimes from the hands and feet.
--Am. Cyc.
Scazon \Sca"zon\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ska`zwn, fr. ska`zein to
limp.] (Lat. Pros.)
A choliamb.
Scelerat \Scel"er*at\, n. [F. sc['e]l['e]rat from L. sceleratus,
p. p. of scelerare to pollute, from scelus, sceleris, a
crime.]
A villain; a criminal. [Obs.] --Cheyne.
Scelestic \Sce*les"tic\, a. [L. scelestus, from scelus
wickedness.]
Evil; wicked; atrocious. [Obs.] ``Scelestic villainies.''
--Feltham.
Scelet \Scel"et\, n. [See {Skeleton}.]
A mummy; a skeleton. [Obs.] --Holland.
Scena \Sce"na\, n. [It.] (Mus.)
(a) A scene in an opera.
(b) An accompanied dramatic recitative, interspersed with
passages of melody, or followed by a full aria.
--Rockstro.
Scenario \Sce*na"ri*o\, n. [It.]
A preliminary sketch of the plot, or main incidents, of an
opera.
Scenary \Scen"a*ry\, n. [Cf. L. scaenarius belonging to the
stage.]
Scenery. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Scene \Scene\, n. [L. scaena, scena, Gr. skhnh` a covered place,
a tent, a stage.]
1. The structure on which a spectacle or play is exhibited;
the part of a theater in which the acting is done, with
its adjuncts and decorations; the stage.
2. The decorations and fittings of a stage, representing the
place in which the action is supposed to go on; one of the
slides, or other devices, used to give an appearance of
reality to the action of a play; as, to paint scenes; to
shift the scenes; to go behind the scenes.
3. So much of a play as passes without change of locality or
time, or important change of character; hence, a
subdivision of an act; a separate portion of a play,
subordinate to the act, but differently determined in
different plays; as, an act of four scenes.
My dismal scene I needs must act alone. --Shak.
4. The place, time, circumstance, etc., in which anything
occurs, or in which the action of a story, play, or the
like, is laid; surroundings amid which anything is set
before the imagination; place of occurrence, exhibition,
or action. ``In Troy, there lies the scene.'' --Shak.
The world is a vast scene of strife. --J. M. Mason.
5. An assemblage of objects presented to the view at once; a
series of actions and events exhibited in their
connection; a spectacle; a show; an exhibition; a view.
Through what new scenes and changes must we pass!
--Addison.
6. A landscape, or part of a landscape; scenery.
A sylvan scene with various greens was drawn, Shades
on the sides, and in the midst a lawn. --Dryden.
7. An exhibition of passionate or strong feeling before
others; often, an artifical or affected action, or course
of action, done for effect; a theatrical display.
Probably no lover of scenes would have had very long
to wait for some explosions between parties, both
equally ready to take offense, and careless of
giving it. --De Quincey.
{Behind the scenes}, behind the scenery of a theater; out of
the view of the audience, but in sight of the actors,
machinery, etc.; hence, conversant with the hidden motives
and agencies of what appears to public view.
Scene \Scene\, v. t.
To exhibit as a scene; to make a scene of; to display. [Obs.]
--Abp. Sancroft.
Sceneful \Scene"ful\, a.
Having much scenery. [R.]
Sceneman \Scene"man\, n.; pl. {Scenemen}.
The man who manages the movable scenes in a theater.
Scenery \Scen"er*y\, n.
1. Assemblage of scenes; the paintings and hangings
representing the scenes of a play; the disposition and
arrangement of the scenes in which the action of a play,
poem, etc., is laid; representation of place of action or
occurence.
2. Sum of scenes or views; general aspect, as regards variety
and beauty or the reverse, in a landscape; combination of
natural views, as woods, hills, etc.
Never need an American look beyond his own country
for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery.
--W. Irving.
Sceneshifter \Scene"shift`er\, n.
One who moves the scenes in a theater; a sceneman.
Scenic \Scen"ic\, Scenical \Scen"ic*al\, a. [L. scaenicus,
scenicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. sc['e]nique. See {Scene}.]
Of or pertaining to scenery; of the nature of scenery;
theatrical.
All these situations communicate a scenical animation
to the wild romance, if treated dramatically. --De
Quincey.
Scenograph \Scen"o*graph\, n. [See {Scenography}.]
A perspective representation or general view of an object.
Scenographic \Scen`o*graph"ic\, Scenographical
\Scen`o*graph"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. sc['e]nographique, Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to scenography; drawn in perspective. --
{Scen`o*graph"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Scenography \Sce*nog"ra*phy\, n. [L. scaenographia, Gr. ?; ?
scene, stage + gra`fein to write: cf. F. sc['e]nographie.]
The art or act of representing a body on a perspective plane;
also, a representation or description of a body, in all its
dimensions, as it appears to the eye. --Greenhill.
Scent \Scent\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scented}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scenting}.] [Originally sent, fr. F. sentir to feel, to
smell. See {Sense}.]
1. To perceive by the olfactory organs; to smell; as, to
scent game, as a hound does.
Methinks I scent the morning air. --Shak.
2. To imbue or fill with odor; to perfume.
Balm from a silver box distilled around, Shall all
bedew the roots, and scent the sacred ground.
--Dryden.
Scent \Scent\, v. i.
1. To have a smell. [Obs.]
Thunderbolts . . . do scent strongly of brimstone.
--Holland.
2. To hunt animals by means of the sense of smell.
Scent \Scent\, n.
1. That which, issuing from a body, affects the olfactory
organs of animals; odor; smell; as, the scent of an
orange, or of a rose; the scent of musk.
With lavish hand diffuses scents ambrosial. --Prior.
2. Specifically, the odor left by an animal on the ground in
passing over it; as, dogs find or lose the scent; hence,
course of pursuit; track of discovery.
He gained the observations of innumerable ages, and
traveled upon the same scent into Ethiopia. --Sir W.
Temple.
3. The power of smelling; the sense of smell; as, a hound of
nice scent; to divert the scent. --I. Watts.
Scentful \Scent"ful\, a.
1. Full of scent or odor; odorous. ``A scentful nosegay.''
--W. Browne.
2. Of quick or keen smell.
The scentful osprey by the rock had fished. --W.
Browne.
Scentingly \Scent"ing*ly\, adv.
By scent. [R.] --Fuller.
Scentless \Scent"less\, a.
Having no scent.
The scentless and the scented rose. --Cowper.
Scepsis \Scep"sis\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? doubt, fr. ? to
consider: cf. G. skepsis. See {Skeptic}.]
Skepticism; skeptical philosophy. [R.]
Among their products were the system of Locke, the
scepsis of Hume, the critical philosophy of Kant. --J.
Martineau.
Scepter \Scep"ter\, Sceptre \Scep"tre\, n. [F. sceptre, L.
sceptrum, from Gr. ? a staff to lean upon, a scepter;
probably akin to E. shaft. See {Shaft}, and cf. {Scape} a
stem, shaft.]
1. A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial
badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace.
And the king held out Esther the golden scepter that
was in his hand. --Esther v. 2.
2. Hence, royal or imperial power or authority; sovereignty;
as, to assume the scepter.
The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a
lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come.
--Gen. xlix.
10.
Scepter \Scep"ter\, Sceptre \Scep"tre\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Sceptered}or {Sceptred} (?); p. pr. & vb. n. {Sceptering}or
{Sceptring}.]
To endow with the scepter, or emblem of authority; to invest
with royal authority.
To Britain's queen the sceptered suppliant bends.
--Tickell.
Scepterellate \Scep`ter*el"late\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a straight shaft with whorls of spines; -- said of
certain sponge spicules. See Illust. under {Spicule}.
Scepterless \Scep"ter*less\, Sceptreless \Scep"tre*less\, a.
Having no scepter; without authority; powerless; as, a
scepterless king.
Sceptic \Scep"tic\, Sceptical \Scep"tic*al\, Scepticism
\Scep"ti*cism\,
etc. See {Skeptic}, {Skeptical}, {Skepticism}, etc.
Sceptral \Scep"tral\, a.
Of or pertaining to a scepter; like a scepter.
Scern \Scern\, v. t.
To discern; to perceive. [Obs.]
Schade \Schade\, n.
Shade; shadow. [Obs.]
Note: English words now beginning with sh, like shade, were
formerly often spelled with a c between the s and h;
as, schade; schame; schape; schort, etc.
Schah \Schah\, n.
See {Shah}.
Schediasm \Sche"di*asm\, n. [Gr. ? an extempore, fr. ? to do
offhand, ? sudden, fr. ? near.]
Cursory writing on a loose sheet. [R.]
Schedule \Sched"ule\ (?; in England commonly ?; 277), n. [F.
c['e]dule, formerly also spelt schedule, L. schedula, dim. of
scheda, scida, a strip of papyrus bark, a leaf of paper; akin
to (or perh. from) Gr. ? a tablet, leaf, and to L. scindere
to cleave, Gr. ?. See {Schism}, and cf. {Cedule}.]
A written or printed scroll or sheet of paper; a document;
especially, a formal list or inventory; a list or catalogue
annexed to a larger document, as to a will, a lease, a
statute, etc.
Syn: Catalogue; list; inventory. see {List}.
Schedule \Sched"ule\, v. t.
To form into, or place in, a schedule.
Scheele's green \Scheele's" green`\ [See {Scheelite}.] (Chem.)
See under {Green}.
Scheelin \Scheel"in\, n. (Chem.)
Scheelium. [Obs.]
Scheelite \Scheel"ite\, n. [From C.W. Scheele, a Swedish
chemist.] (Min.)
Calcium tungstate, a mineral of a white or pale yellowish
color and of the tetragonal system of crystallization.
Scheelium \Schee"li*um\, n. [NL. From C.W. Scheele, who
discovered it.] (Chem.)
The metal tungsten. [Obs.]
Scheik \Scheik\ (sh[=e]k or sh[=a]k), n.
See {Sheik}.
Schelly \Schel"ly\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The powan. [Prov. Eng.]
Schema \Sche"ma\, n.; pl. {Schemata}, E. {Schemas}. [G. See
{Scheme}.] (Kantian Philos.)
An outline or image universally applicable to a general
conception, under which it is likely to be presented to the
mind; as, five dots in a line are a schema of the number
five; a preceding and succeeding event are a schema of cause
and effect.
Schematic \Sche*mat"ic\, a. [Cf. Gr. ? pretended.]
Of or pertaining to a scheme or a schema.
Schematism \Sche"ma*tism\, n. [Cf. F. sch['e]matisme (cf. L.
schematismos florid speech), fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to form. See
{Scheme}.]
1. (Astrol.) Combination of the aspects of heavenly bodies.
2. Particular form or disposition of a thing; an exhibition
in outline of any systematic arrangement. [R.]
Schematist \Sche"ma*tist\, n.
One given to forming schemes; a projector; a schemer.
--Swift.
Schematize \Sche"ma*tize\, v. i. [Cf. F. sch['e]matiser, Gr. ?.]
To form a scheme or schemes.
Scheme \Scheme\, n. [L. schema a rhetorical figure, a shape,
figure, manner, Gr. ?, ?, form, shape, outline, plan, fr. ?,
?, to have or hold, to hold out, sustain, check, stop; cf.
Skr. sah to be victorious, to endure, to hold out, AS. sige
victory, G. sieg. Cf. {Epoch}, {Hectic}, {School}.]
1. A combination of things connected and adjusted by design;
a system.
The appearance and outward scheme of things.
--Locke.
Such a scheme of things as shall at once take in
time and eternity. --Atterbury.
Arguments . . . sufficient to support and
demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy. --J.
Edwards.
The Revolution came and changed his whole scheme of
life. --Macaulay.
2. A plan or theory something to be done; a design; a
project; as, to form a scheme.
The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping
off our desires, is like cutting off our feet when
we want shoes. --Swift.
3. Any lineal or mathematical diagram; an outline.
To draw an exact scheme of Constantinople, or a map
of France. --South.
4. (Astrol.) A representation of the aspects of the celestial
bodies for any moment or at a given event.
A blue silk case, from which was drawn a scheme of
nativity. --Sir W.
Scott.
Syn: Plan; project; contrivance; purpose; device; plot.
Usage: {Scheme}, {Plan}. Scheme and plan are subordinate to
design; they propose modes of carrying our designs
into effect. Scheme is the least definite of the two,
and lies more in speculation. A plan is drawn out into
details with a view to being carried into effect. As
schemes are speculative, they often prove visionary;
hence the opprobrious use of the words schemer and
scheming. Plans, being more practical, are more
frequently carried into effect.
He forms the well-concerted scheme of mischief;
'T is fixed, 't is done, and both are doomed to
death. --Rowe.
Artists and plans relieved my solemn hours; I
founded palaces, and planted bowers. --Prior.
Scheme \Scheme\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Schemed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scheming}.]
To make a scheme of; to plan; to design; to project; to plot.
That wickedness which schemed, and executed, his
destruction. --G. Stuart.
Scheme \Scheme\, v. i.
To form a scheme or schemes.
Schemeful \Scheme"ful\, a.
Full of schemes or plans.
Schemer \Schem"er\, n.
One who forms schemes; a projector; esp., a plotter; an
intriguer.
Schemers and confederates in guilt. --Paley.
Scheming \Schem"ing\, a.
Given to forming schemes; artful; intriguing. --
{Schem"ing*ly}, adv.
Schemist \Schem"ist\, n.
A schemer. [R.] --Waterland.
Schene \Schene\, n. [L. schoenus, Gr. ? a rush, a reed, a land
measure: cf. F. sch[`e]ne.] (Antiq.)
An Egyptian or Persian measure of length, varying from
thirty-two to sixty stadia.
Schenkbeer \Schenk"beer`\, n. [G. schenkbier; schenken to pour
out + bier beer; -- so called because put on draught soon
after it is made.]
A mild German beer.
Scherbet \Scher"bet\, n.
See {Sherbet}.
Scherif \Scher"if\ (? or ?), n.
See {Sherif}.
Scherzando \Scher*zan"do\, adv. [It.] (Mus.)
In a playful or sportive manner.
Scherzo \Scher"zo\, n. [It.] (Mus.)
A playful, humorous movement, commonly in 3-4 measure, which
often takes the place of the old minuet and trio in a sonata
or a symphony.
Schesis \Sche"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ?, ?, to have or
hold. See {Scheme}.]
1. General state or disposition of the body or mind, or of
one thing with regard to other things; habitude. [Obs.]
--Norris.
2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech whereby the mental habitude of
an adversary or opponent is feigned for the purpose of
arguing against him. --Crabb.
Schetic \Schet"ic\, Schetical \Schet"ic*al\, a. [Cf. Gr. ?
holding back.]
Of or pertaining to the habit of the body; constitutional.
[Obs.] --Cudworth.
Schiedam \Schie*dam"\, n. [Short for Schiedam schnapps.]
Holland gin made at Schiedam in the Netherlands.
Schiller \Schil"ler\, n. [G., play of colors.] (Min.)
The peculiar bronzelike luster observed in certain minerals,
as hypersthene, schiller spar, etc. It is due to the presence
of minute inclusions in parallel position, and is sometimes
of secondary origin.
{Schiller spar} (Min.), an altered variety of enstatite,
exhibiting, in certain positions, a bronzelike luster.
Schilerization \Schi`ler*i*za"tion\, n. (Min.)
The act or process of producing schiller in a mineral mass.
Schilling \Schil"ling\, n. [G. See {Shilling}.]
Any one of several small German and Dutch coins, worth from
about one and a half cents to about five cents.
Schindylesis \Schin`dy*le"sis\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? a splitting
into fragments.] (Anat.)
A form of articulation in which one bone is received into a
groove or slit in another.
Schirrhus \Schir"rhus\, n.
See {Scirrhus}.
Schism \Schism\, n. [OE. scisme, OF. cisme, scisme, F. schisme,
L. schisma, Gr. schi`sma, fr. schi`zein to split; akin to L.
scindere, Skr. chid, and prob. to E. shed, v.t. (which see);
cf. {Rescind}, {Schedule}, {Zest}.]
Division or separation; specifically (Eccl.), permanent
division or separation in the Christian church; breach of
unity among people of the same religious faith; the offense
of seeking to produce division in a church without
justifiable cause.
Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by
truth, and to our schisms by charity. --Eikon
Basilike.
{Greek schism} (Eccl.), the separation of the Greek and Roman
churches.
{Great schism}, or {Western schism} (Eccl.) a schism in the
Roman church in the latter part of the 14th century, on
account of rival claimants to the papal throne.
{Schism act} (Law), an act of the English Parliament
requiring all teachers to conform to the Established
Church, -- passed in 1714, repealed in 1719.
Schisma \Schis"ma\, n. [L., a split, separation, Gr. schi`sma:
cf. F. schisma. See {Schism}.] (Anc. Mus.)
An interval equal to half a comma.
Schismatic \Schis*mat"ic\ (s[i^]z*m[a^]t"[i^]k; so nearly all
ortho["e]pists), a. [L. schismaticus, Gr. ?: cf. F.
schismatique.]
Of or pertaining to schism; implying schism; partaking of the
nature of schism; tending to schism; as, schismatic opinions
or proposals.
Schismatic \Schis*mat"ic\ (?; 277), n.
One who creates or takes part in schism; one who separates
from an established church or religious communion on account
of a difference of opinion. ``They were popularly classed
together as canting schismatics.'' --Macaulay.
Syn: Heretic; partisan. See {Heretic}.
Schismatical \Schis*mat"ic*al\, a.
Same as {Schismatic}. -- {Schis*mat"ic*al*ly}, adv. --
{Schis*mat"ic*al*ness}, n.
Schismatize \Schis"ma*tize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Schismatized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Schismatizing}.] [Cf. F. schismatiser.]
To take part in schism; to make a breach of communion in the
church.
Schismless \Schism"less\, a.
Free from schism.
Schist \Schist\ (sh[i^]st), n. [Gr. ? divided, divisible, fr. ?
to divide: cf. F. schiste. See {Schism}.] (Geol.)
Any crystalline rock having a foliated structure (see
{Foliation}) and hence admitting of ready division into slabs
or slates. The common kinds are mica schist, and hornblendic
schist, consisting chiefly of quartz with mica or hornblende
and often feldspar.
Schistaceous \Schis*ta"ceous\, a.
Of a slate color.
Schistic \Schist"ic\, a.
Schistose.
Schistose \Schis*tose"\ (?; 277), Schistous \Schist*ous\, a.
[Cf. F. schisteux.] (Geol.)
Of or pertaining to schist; having the structure of a schist.
Schistosity \Schis*tos"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. schistosit['e].]
(Geol.)
The quality or state of being schistose.
Schizo- \Schiz"o-\ [Gr. ? to split, cleave.]
A combining form denoting division or cleavage; as,
schizogenesis, reproduction by fission or cell division.
Schizocarp \Schiz"o*carp\, n. [Schizo- + Gr. ? fruit.] (Bot.)
A dry fruit which splits at maturity into several closed
one-seeded portions.
Schizocoele \Schiz"o*c[oe]le\, n. [Schizo- + Gr. ? hollow.]
(Anat.)
See {Enteroc[oe]le}.
Schizocoelous \Schiz`o*c[oe]"lous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a schizoc[oe]le.
Schizogenesis \Schiz`o*gen"e*sis\, n. [Schizo- + genesis.]
(Biol.)
Reproduction by fission. --Haeckel.
Schizognath \Schiz"og*nath\, n. [See {Schizognathous}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any bird with a schizognathous palate.
Schizognathae \Schi*zog"na*th[ae]\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
The schizognathous birds.
Schizognathism \Schi*zog"na*thism\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The condition of having a schizognathous palate.
Schizognathous \Schi*zog"na*thous\, a. [Schizo- + Gr. ? the
jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the maxillo-palatine bones separate from each other
and from the vomer, which is pointed in front, as in the
gulls, snipes, grouse, and many other birds.
Schizomycetes \Schiz`o*my*ce"tes\, n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. ? to
split + ?, -?, a fungus.] (Biol.)
An order of {Schizophyta}, including the so-called fission
fungi, or bacteria. See {Schizophyta}, in the Supplement.
Schizonemertea \Schiz`o*ne*mer"te*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Schizo}-,
and {Nemertes}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of nemerteans comprising those having a deep slit
along each side of the head. See Illust. in Appendix.
Schizopelmous \Schiz`o*pel"mous\, a. [Schizo- + Gr. pe`lma the
sole of the foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the two flexor tendons of the toes entirely separate,
and the flexor hallucis going to the first toe only.
Schizophyte \Schiz"o*phyte\, n. [Schizo- + Gr. ? a plant.]
(Biol.)
One of a class of vegetable organisms, in the classification
of Cohn, which includes all of the inferior forms that
multiply by fission, whether they contain chlorophyll or not.
Schizopod \Schiz"o*pod\ (?; 277), n. (Zo["o]l.)
one of the Schizopoda. Also used adjectively.
Schizopod \Schiz"o*pod\ (?; 277), Schizopodous
\Schi*zop"o*dous\, a.
Of or pertaining to a schizopod, or the Schizopoda.
Schizopoda \Schi*zop"o*da\, n. pl., [NL. See {Schizo}-, and
{-poda}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of shrimplike Thoracostraca in which each of the
thoracic legs has a long fringed upper branch (exopodite) for
swimming.
Scizorhinal \Sciz`o*rhi"nal\, a. [Schizo- + rhinal.]
1. (Anat.) Having the nasal bones separate.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having the anterior nostrils prolonged backward
in the form of a slit.
Schlich \Schlich\, n. [G.; akin to LG. slick mud, D. slijk, MHG.
sl[imac]ch.] (Metal.)
The finer portion of a crushed ore, as of gold, lead, or tin,
separated by the water in certain wet processes. [Written
also {slich}, {slick}.]
Schmelze \Schmel"ze\, n. [G. schmelz, schmelzglas.]
A kind of glass of a red or ruby color, made in Bohemia.
Schnapps \Schnapps\, n. [G., a dram of spirits.]
Holland gin. [U.S.]
Schneiderian \Schnei*de"ri*an\, a. (Anat.)
Discovered or described by C. V. Schneider, a German
anatomist of the seventeenth century.
{Schneiderian membrane}, the mucous membrane which lines the
nasal chambers; the pituitary membrane.
Schoharie grit \Scho*har"ie grit`\ (Geol.)
The formation belonging to the middle of the three
subdivisions of the Corniferous period in the American
Devonian system; -- so called from Schoharie, in New York,
where it occurs. See the Chart of {Geology}.
Scholar \Schol"ar\, n. [OE. scoler, AS. sc[=o]lere, fr. L.
scholaris belonging to a school, fr. schola a school. See
{School}.]
1. One who attends a school; one who learns of a teacher; one
under the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; a
learner; a student.
I am no breeching scholar in the schools. --Shak.
2. One engaged in the pursuits of learning; a learned person;
one versed in any branch, or in many branches, of
knowledge; a person of high literary or scientific
attainments; a savant. --Shak. Locke.
3. A man of books. --Bacon.
4. In English universities, an undergraduate who belongs to
the foundation of a college, and receives support in part
from its revenues.
Syn: Pupil; learner; disciple.
Usage: {Scholar}, {Pupil}. Scholar refers to the instruction,
and pupil to the care and government, of a teacher. A
scholar is one who is under instruction; a pupil is
one who is under the immediate and personal care of an
instructor; hence we speak of a bright scholar, and an
obedient pupil.
Scholarity \Scho*lar"i*ty\, n. [OF. scholarit['e], or LL.
scholaritas.]
Scholarship. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Scholarlike \Schol"ar*like`\, a.
Scholarly. --Bacon.
Scholarly \Schol"ar*ly\, a.
Like a scholar, or learned person; showing the qualities of a
scholar; as, a scholarly essay or critique. -- adv. In a
scholarly manner.
Scholarship \Schol"ar*ship\, n.
1. The character and qualities of a scholar; attainments in
science or literature; erudition; learning.
A man of my master's . . . great scholarship.
--Pope.
2. Literary education. [R.]
Any other house of scholarship. --Milton.
3. Maintenance for a scholar; a foundation for the support of
a student. --T. Warton.
Syn: Learning; erudition; knowledge.
Scholastic \Scho*las"tic\, a. [L. scholasticus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to
have leisure, to give lectures, to keep a school, from ?
leisure, a lecture, a school: cf. F. scholastique,
scolastique. See {School}.]
1. Pertaining to, or suiting, a scholar, a school, or
schools; scholarlike; as, scholastic manners or pride;
scholastic learning. --Sir K. Digby.
2. Of or pertaining to the schoolmen and divines of the
Middle Ages (see {Schoolman}); as, scholastic divinity or
theology; scholastic philosophy. --Locke.
3. Hence, characterized by excessive subtilty, or needlessly
minute subdivisions; pedantic; formal.
Scholastic \Scho*las"tic\, n.
1. One who adheres to the method or subtilties of the
schools. --Milton.
2. (R. C. Ch.) See the Note under {Jesuit}.
Scholastical \Scho*las"tic*al\, a. & n.
Scholastic.
Scholastically \Scho*las"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In a scholastic manner.
Scholasticism \Scho*las"ti*cism\, n.
The method or subtilties of the schools of philosophy;
scholastic formality; scholastic doctrines or philosophy.
The spirit of the old scholasticism . . . spurned
laborious investigation and slow induction. --J. P.
Smith.
Scholia \Scho"li*a\, n. pl.
See {Scholium}.
Scholiast \Scho"li*ast\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? a scholium: cf. F.
scoliate. See {Scholium}.]
A maker of scholia; a commentator or annotator.
No . . . quotations from Talmudists and scholiasts . .
. ever marred the effect of his grave temperate
discourses. --Macaulay.
Scholiastic \Scho`li*as"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a scholiast, or his pursuits. --Swift.
Scholiaze \Scho"li*aze\, v. i. [Cf. Gr. ?.]
To write scholia. [Obs.] --Milton.
Scholical \Schol"ic*al\, a. [L. scholicus, Gr. ?, fr. ?. See
{School}.]
Scholastic. [Obs.] --Hales.
Scholion \Scho"li*on\, n. [NL.]
A scholium.
A judgment which follows immediately from another is
sometimes called a corollary, or consectary . . . One
which illustrates the science where it appears, but is
not an integral part of it, is a scholion. --Abp.
Thomson (Laws
of Thought).
Scholium \Scho"li*um\, n.; pl. L. {Scholia}, E. {Scholiums}.
[NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ?. See {School}.]
1. A marginal annotation; an explanatory remark or comment;
specifically, an explanatory comment on the text of a
classic author by an early grammarian.
2. A remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration or a
train of reasoning.
Scholy \Scho"ly\, n.
A scholium. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Scholy \Scho"ly\, v. i. & t.
To write scholia; to annotate. [Obs.]
School \School\, n. [For shoal a crowd; prob. confused with
school for learning.]
A shoal; a multitude; as, a school of fish.
School \School\, n. [OE. scole, AS. sc?lu, L. schola, Gr. ?
leisure, that in which leisure is employed, disputation,
lecture, a school, probably from the same root as ?, the
original sense being perhaps, a stopping, a resting. See
{Scheme}.]
1. A place for learned intercourse and instruction; an
institution for learning; an educational establishment; a
place for acquiring knowledge and mental training; as, the
school of the prophets.
Disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus.
--Acts xix. 9.
2. A place of primary instruction; an establishment for the
instruction of children; as, a primary school; a common
school; a grammar school.
As he sat in the school at his primer. --Chaucer.
3. A session of an institution of instruction.
How now, Sir Hugh! No school to-day? --Shak.
4. One of the seminaries for teaching logic, metaphysics, and
theology, which were formed in the Middle Ages, and which
were characterized by academical disputations and
subtilties of reasoning.
At Cambridge the philosophy of Descartes was still
dominant in the schools. --Macaulay.
5. The room or hall in English universities where the
examinations for degrees and honors are held.
6. An assemblage of scholars; those who attend upon
instruction in a school of any kind; a body of pupils.
What is the great community of Christians, but one
of the innumerable schools in the vast plan which
God has instituted for the education of various
intelligences? --Buckminster.
7. The disciples or followers of a teacher; those who hold a
common doctrine, or accept the same teachings; a sect or
denomination in philosophy, theology, science, medicine,
politics, etc.
Let no man be less confident in his faith . . . by
reason of any difference in the several schools of
Christians. --Jer. Taylor.
8. The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice,
sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or age;
as, he was a gentleman of the old school.
His face pale but striking, though not handsome
after the schools. --A. S. Hardy.
9. Figuratively, any means of knowledge or discipline; as,
the school of experience.
{Boarding school}, {Common school}, {District school},
{Normal school}, etc. See under {Boarding}, {Common},
{District}, etc.
{High school}, a free public school nearest the rank of a
college. [U. S.]
{School board}, a corporation established by law in every
borough or parish in England, and elected by the burgesses
or ratepayers, with the duty of providing public school
accommodation for all children in their district.
{School committee}, {School board}, an elected committee of
citizens having charge and care of the public schools in
any district, town, or city, and responsible for control
of the money appropriated for school purposes. [U. S.]
{School days}, the period in which youth are sent to school.
{School district}, a division of a town or city for
establishing and conducting schools. [U.S.]
{Sunday school}, or {Sabbath school}, a school held on Sunday
for study of the Bible and for religious instruction; the
pupils, or the teachers and pupils, of such a school,
collectively.
School \School\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Schooled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Schooling}.]
1. To train in an institution of learning; to educate at a
school; to teach.
He's gentle, never schooled, and yet learned.
--Shak.
2. To tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove; to subject to
systematic discipline; to train.
It now remains for you to school your child, And ask
why God's Anointed be reviled. --Dryden.
The mother, while loving her child with the
intensity of a sole affection, had schooled herself
to hope for little other return than the waywardness
of an April breeze. --Hawthorne.
Schoolbook \School"book`\, n.
A book used in schools for learning lessons.
Schoolboy \School"boy`\, n.
A boy belonging to, or attending, a school.
Schooldame \School"dame`\ n.
A schoolmistress.
Schoolery \School"er*y\, n.
Something taught; precepts; schooling. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Schoolfellow \School"fel`low\, n.
One bred at the same school; an associate in school.
Schoolgirl \School"girl`\, n.
A girl belonging to, or attending, a school.
Schoolhouse \School"house`\, n.
A house appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or
for instruction.
Schooling \School"ing\, n.
1. Instruction in school; tuition; education in an
institution of learning; act of teaching.
2. Discipline; reproof; reprimand; as, he gave his son a good
schooling. --Sir W. Scott.
3. Compensation for instruction; price or reward paid to an
instructor for teaching pupils.
Schooling \School"ing\, a. [See {School} a shoal.] (Zo["o]l.)
Collecting or running in schools or shoals.
Schooling species like the herring and menhaden. --G. B.
Goode.
Schoolma'am \School"ma'am\, n.
A schoolmistress. [Colloq.U.S.]
Schoolmaid \School"maid`\, n.
A schoolgirl. --Shak.
Schoolman \School"man`\, n.; pl. {Schoolmen}.
One versed in the niceties of academical disputation or of
school divinity.
Note: The schoolmen were philosophers and divines of the
Middle Ages, esp. from the 11th century to the
Reformation, who spent much time on points of nice and
abstract speculation. They were so called because they
taught in the medi[ae]val universities and schools of
divinity.
Schoolmaster \School"mas`ter\, n.
1. The man who presides over and teaches a school; a male
teacher of a school.
Let the soldier be abroad if he will; he can do
nothing in this age. There is another personage
abroad, -- a person less imposing, -- in the eyes of
some, perhaps, insignificant. The schoolmaster is
abroad; and I trust to him, armed with his primer,
against the soldier in full military array.
--Brougham.
2. One who, or that which, disciplines and directs.
The law was our schoolmaster, to bring us unto
Christ. --Gal. iii.
24.
Schoolmate \School"mate`\, n.
A pupil who attends the same school as another.
Schoolmistress \School"mis`tress\, n.
A woman who governs and teaches a school; a female
school-teacher.
Schoolroom \School"room`\, n.
A room in which pupils are taught.
Schoolship \School"ship`\, n.
A vessel employed as a nautical training school, in which
naval apprentices receive their education at the expense of
the state, and are trained for service as sailors. Also, a
vessel used as a reform school to which boys are committed by
the courts to be disciplined, and instructed as mariners.
School-teacher \School"-teach`er\, n.
One who teaches or instructs a school. --
{School"-teach`ing}, n.
Schoolward \School"ward\, adv.
Toward school. --Chaucer.
Schooner \Schoon"er\, n. [See the Note below. Cf. {Shun}.]
(Naut.)
Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two masts and
fore-and-aft rig. Sometimes it carried square topsails on one
or both masts and was called a {topsail schooner}. About
1840, longer vessels with three masts, fore-and-aft rigged,
came into use, and since that time vessels with four masts
and even with six masts, so rigged, are built. Schooners with
more than two masts are designated three-masted schooners,
four-masted schooners, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.
Note: The first schooner ever constructed is said to have
been built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about the year
1713, by a Captain Andrew Robinson, and to have
received its name from the following trivial
circumstance: When the vessel went off the stocks into
the water, a bystander cried out,``O, how she scoons!''
Robinson replied, `` A scooner let her be;'' and, from
that time, vessels thus masted and rigged have gone by
this name. The word scoon is popularly used in some
parts of New England to denote the act of making stones
skip along the surface of water. The Scottish scon
means the same thing. Both words are probably allied to
the Icel. skunda, skynda, to make haste, hurry, AS.
scunian to avoid, shun, Prov. E. scun. In the New
England records, the word appears to have been
originally written scooner. Babson, in his ``History of
Gloucester,'' gives the following extract from a letter
written in that place Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr. Moses
Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas Prince, the annalist
of New England: ``This gentleman (Captain Robinson) was
first contriver of schooners, and built the first of
that sort about eight years since.''
Schooner \Schoon"er\, n. [D.]
A large goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or
ale. [U.S.]
Schorl \Schorl\ (sh[^o]rl), n. [G. sch["o]rl; cf. Sw. sk["o]rl.]
(Min.)
Black tourmaline. [Written also {shorl}.]
Schorlaceous \Schor*la"ceous\, a.
Partaking of the nature and character of schorl; resembling
schorl.
Schorlous \Schorl"ous\, a.
Schorlaceous.
Schorly \Schorl"y\>, a.
Pertaining to, or containing, schorl; as, schorly granite.
Schottish \Schot"tish\, Schottische \Schot"tische\,, n. [F.
schottish, schotisch from G. schottisch Scottish, Scotch.]
A Scotch round dance in 2-4 time, similar to the polka, only
slower; also, the music for such a dance; -- not to be
confounded with the ['E]cossaise.
Schreibersite \Schrei"bers*ite\, n. [Named after Carl von
Schreibers, of Vienna.] (Min.)
A mineral occurring in steel-gray flexible folia. It contains
iron, nickel, and phosphorus, and is found only in meteoric
iron.
Schrode \Schrode\, n.
See {Scrod}.
Schwann's sheath \Schwann's" sheath`\ [So called from Theodor
Schwann, a German anatomist of the 19th century.] (Anat.)
The neurilemma.
Schwann's white substance \Schwann's white" sub"stance\ (Anat.)
The substance of the medullary sheath.
Schwanpan \Schwan"pan`\, n.
Chinese abacus.
Schweitzerkase \Schweit"zer*k["a]"se\, n. [G. schweizerk["a]se
Swiss cheese.]
Gruy[`e]re cheese.
Schwenkfelder \Schwenk"feld`er\, Schwenkfeldian
\Schwenk"feld`i*an\, n.
A member of a religious sect founded by Kaspar von
Schwenkfeld, a Silesian reformer who disagreed with Luther,
especially on the deification of the body of Christ.
Sciaenoid \Sci*[ae]"noid\, a. [L. sci[ae]na a kind of fish (fr.
Gr. ?) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the {Sci[ae]nid[ae]}, a family of marine
fishes which includes the meagre, the squeteague, and the
kingfish.
Sciagraph \Sci"a*graph\, n. [See {Sciagraphy}.]
1. (Arch.) An old term for a vertical section of a building;
-- called also {sciagraphy}. See {Vertical section}, under
{Section}.
2. (Phys.) A radiograph. [Written also {skiagraph}.]
Sciagraphical \Sci`a*graph"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. sciagraphique, Gr.
?.]
Pertaining to sciagraphy. -- {Sci`a*graph"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Sciagraphy \Sci*ag"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? drawing in light
and shade; ? a shadow + ? to delineate, describe: cf. F.
sciagraphie.]
1. The art or science of projecting or delineating shadows as
they fall in nature. --Gwilt.
2. (Arch.) Same as {Sciagraph}.
Sciamachy \Sci*am"a*chy\, n.
See {Sciomachy}.
Sciatheric \Sci`a*ther"ic\, Sciatherical \Sci`a*ther"ic*al\, a.
[Gr. ?, fr. ? a sundial; ? a shadow + ? to hunt, to catch.]
Belonging to a sundial. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne. --
{Sci`a*ther"ic*al*ly}, adv. [Obs.] --J. Gregory.
Sciatic \Sci*at"ic\, a. [F. sciatique, LL. sciaticus, from L.
ischiadicus, Gr. ?. See {Ischiadic}.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the hip; in the region of, or affecting,
the hip; ischial; ischiatic; as, the sciatic nerve, sciatic
pains.
Sciatic \Sci*at"ic\, n. [Cf. F. sciatique.] (Med.)
Sciatica.
Sciatica \Sci*at"i*ca\, n. [NL.] (Med.)
Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, an affection characterized by
paroxysmal attacks of pain in the buttock, back of the thigh,
or in the leg or foot, following the course of the branches
of the sciatic nerve. The name is also popularly applied to
various painful affections of the hip and the parts adjoining
it. See {Ischiadic passion}, under {Ischiadic}.
Sciatical \Sci*at"ic*al\, a. (Anat.)
Sciatic.
Sciatically \Sci*at"ic*al*ly\, adv.
With, or by means of, sciatica.
Scibboleth \Scib"bo*leth\, n.
Shibboleth. [Obs.]
Science \Sci"ence\, n. [F., fr. L. scientia, fr. sciens, -entis,
p. pr. of scire to know. Cf. {Conscience}, {Conscious},
{Nice}.]
1. Knowledge; knowledge of principles and causes; ascertained
truth of facts.
If we conceive God's sight or science, before the
creation, to be extended to all and every part of
the world, seeing everything as it is, . . . his
science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity
on anything to come to pass. --Hammond.
Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental
philosophy. --Coleridge.
2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been
systematized and formulated with reference to the
discovery of general truths or the operation of general
laws; knowledge classified and made available in work,
life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or
philosophical knowledge.
All this new science that men lere [teach].
--Chaucer.
Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having,
in point of form, the character of logical
perfection, and in point of matter, the character of
real truth. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical
world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and
forces of matter, the qualities and functions of living
tissues, etc.; -- called also {natural science}, and
{physical science}.
Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field
entirely unexplored in science, poetry, history,
philosophy. --J. Morley.
4. Any branch or department of systematized knowledge
considered as a distinct field of investigation or object
of study; as, the science of astronomy, of chemistry, or
of mind.
Note: The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar,
rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and
astronomy; -- the first three being included in the
Trivium, the remaining four in the Quadrivium.
Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven, And
though no science, fairly worth the seven.
--Pope.
5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of
knowledge of laws and principles.
His science, coolness, and great strength. --G. A.
Lawrence.
Note: Science is applied or pure. Applied science is a
knowledge of facts, events, or phenomena, as explained,
accounted for, or produced, by means of powers, causes,
or laws. Pure science is the knowledge of these powers,
causes, or laws, considered apart, or as pure from all
applications. Both these terms have a similar and
special signification when applied to the science of
quantity; as, the applied and pure mathematics. Exact
science is knowledge so systematized that prediction
and verification, by measurement, experiment,
observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and
physical sciences are called the exact sciences.
{Comparative sciences}, {Inductive sciences}. See under
{Comparative}, and {Inductive}.
Syn: Literature; art; knowledge.
Usage: {Science}, {Literature}, {Art}. Science is literally
knowledge, but more usually denotes a systematic and
orderly arrangement of knowledge. In a more
distinctive sense, science embraces those branches of
knowledge of which the subject-matter is either
ultimate principles, or facts as explained by
principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The
term literature sometimes denotes all compositions not
embraced under science, but usually confined to the
belles-lettres. [See {Literature}.] Art is that which
depends on practice and skill in performance. ``In
science, scimus ut sciamus; in art, scimus ut
producamus. And, therefore, science and art may be
said to be investigations of truth; but one, science,
inquires for the sake of knowledge; the other, art,
for the sake of production; and hence science is more
concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower;
and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive
application. And the most perfect state of science,
therefore, will be the most high and accurate inquiry;
the perfection of art will be the most apt and
efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself
into the form of rules.'' --Karslake.
Science \Sci"ence\, v. t.
To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to
instruct. [R.] --Francis.
Scient \Sci"ent\, a. [L. sciens, -entis, p. pr.]
Knowing; skillful. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Scienter \Sci*en"ter\, adv. [L.] (Law)
Knowingly; willfully. --Bouvier.
Sciential \Sci*en"tial\, a. [LL. scientialis, fr. L. scientia.]
Pertaining to, or producing, science. [R.] --Milton.
Scientific \Sci`en*tif"ic\, a. [F. scientifique; L. scientia
science + facere to make.]
1. Of or pertaining to science; used in science; as,
scientific principles; scientific apparatus; scientific
observations.
2. Agreeing with, or depending on, the rules or principles of
science; as, a scientific classification; a scientific
arrangement of fossils.
3. Having a knowledge of science, or of a science; evincing
science or systematic knowledge; as, a scientific chemist;
a scientific reasoner; a scientific argument.
Bossuet is as scientific in the structure of his
sentences. --Landor.
{Scientific method}, the method employed in exact science and
consisting of: (a) Careful and abundant observation and
experiment. (b) generalization of the results into
formulated ``Laws'' and statements.
Scientifical \Sci`en*tif"ic*al\, a.
Scientific. --Locke.
Scientifically \Sci`en*tif"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a scientific manner; according to the rules or principles
of science.
It is easier to believe than to be scientifically
instructed. --Locke.
Scientist \Sci"en*tist\, n.
One learned in science; a scientific investigator; one
devoted to scientific study; a savant. [Recent]
Note: Twenty years ago I ventured to propose one [a name for
the class of men who give their lives to scientific
study] which has been slowly finding its way to general
adoption; and the word scientist, though scarcely
euphonious, has gradually assumed its place in our
vocabulary. --B. A. Gould (Address, 1869).
Scilicet \Scil"i*cet\, adv. [L., fr. scire licet you may know.]
To wit; namely; videlicet; -- often abbreviated to sc., or
ss.
Scillain \Scil"la*in\, n. (Chem.)
A glucoside extracted from squill ({Scilla}) as a light
porous substance.
Scillitin \Scil"li*tin\, n. [Cf. F. scilitine.] (Chem.)
A bitter principle extracted from the bulbs of the squill
({Scilla}), and probably consisting of a complex mixture of
several substances.
Scimiter \Scim"i*ter\, Scimitar \Scim"i*tar\, n. [F. cimeterre,
cf. It. scimitarra, Sp. cimitarra; fr. Biscayan cimetarra
with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per. shimsh[=i]r.]
1. A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the
convex side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs
and persians. [Written also {cimeter}, and {scymetar}.]
2. A long-handled billhook. See {Billhook}.
{Scimiter pods} (Bot.), the immense curved woody pods of a
leguminous woody climbing plant ({Entada scandens})
growing in tropical India and America. They contain hard
round flattish seeds two inches in diameter, which are
made into boxes.
Scincoid \Scin"coid\, a. [L. scincus a kind of lizard (fr. Gr.
?) + -oid. Cf. {Skink}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the family {Scincid[ae]}, or skinks. --
n. A scincoidian.
Scincoidea \Scin*coi"de*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of lizards including the skinks. See {Skink}.
Scincoidian \Scin*coid"i*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of lizards of the family
{Scincid[ae]} or tribe Scincoidea. The tongue is not
extensile. The body and tail are covered with overlapping
scales, and the toes are margined. See Illust. under {Skink}.
Sciniph \Scin"iph\, n. [L. scinifes, cinifes, or ciniphes, pl.,
Gr. ?.]
Some kind of stinging or biting insect, as a flea, a gnat, a
sandfly, or the like. --Ex. viii. 17 (Douay version).
Scink \Scink\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A skink.
Scink \Scink\, n.
A slunk calf. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Scintilla \Scin*til"la\, n. [L.]
A spark; the least particle; an iota; a tittle. --R. North.
Scintillant \Scin"til*lant\, a. [L. scintillans, p. pr. of
scintillare to sparkle. See {Scintillate}.]
Emitting sparks, or fine igneous particles; sparkling. --M.
Green.
Scintillate \Scin"til*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scintillated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Scintillating}.] [L. scintillare,
scintillatum, from scintilla a spark. Cf. {Stencil}.]
1. To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles.
As the electrical globe only scintillates when
rubbed against its cushion. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars.
Scintillation \Scin`til*la"tion\, n. [L. scintillatio: cf. F.
scintillation.]
1. The act of scintillating.
2. A spark or flash emitted in scintillating.
These scintillations are . . . the inflammable
effluences discharged from the bodies collided.
--Sir T.
Browne.
Scintillous \Scin"til*lous\, a.
Scintillant. [R.]
Scintillously \Scin"til*lous*ly\, adv.
In a scintillant manner. [R.]
Sciography \Sci*og"ra*phy\, n.
See {Sciagraphy}.
Sciolism \Sci"o*lism\, n. [See {Sciolist}.]
The knowledge of a sciolist; superficial knowledge.
Sciolist \Sci"o*list\, n. [L. sciolus. See {Sciolous}.]
One who knows many things superficially; a pretender to
science; a smatterer.
These passages in that book were enough to humble the
presumption of our modern sciolists, if their pride
were not as great as their ignorance. --Sir W.
Temple.
A master were lauded and sciolists shent. --R.
Browning.
Sciolistic \Sci`o*lis"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to sciolism, or a sciolist; partaking of
sciolism; resembling a sciolist.
Sciolous \Sci"o*lous\, a. [L. scilus, dim. of scius knowing, fr.
scire to know. See {Science}.]
Knowing superficially or imperfectly. --Howell.
Sciomachy \Sci*om"a*chy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?; ? a shadow + ? battle:
cf. F. sciomachie, sciamachie.]
A fighting with a shadow; a mock contest; an imaginary or
futile combat. [Written also {scimachy}.] --Cowley.
Sciomancy \Sci"o*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ? a shadow + -mancy: cf. F.
sciomance, sciamancie.]
Divination by means of shadows.
Scion \Sci"on\, n. [OF. cion, F. scion, probably from scier to
saw, fr. L. secare to cut. Cf. {Section}.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker.
(b) A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for grafting.
[Formerly written also cion, and cyon.]
2. Hence, a descendant; an heir; as, a scion of a royal
stock.
Scioptic \Sci*op"tic\, a. [Gr. ? shadow + ? belonging to sight:
cf. F. scioptique. See {Optic}.] (Opt.)
Of or pertaining to an optical arrangement for forming images
in a darkened room, usually called scioptic ball.
{Scioptic ball} (Opt.), the lens of a camera obscura mounted
in a wooden ball which fits a socket in a window shutter
so as to be readily turned, like the eye, to different
parts of the landscape.
Sciopticon \Sci*op"ti*con\, n. [NL. See {Scioptic}.]
A kind of magic lantern.
Scioptics \Sci*op"tics\, n.
The art or process of exhibiting luminous images, especially
those of external objects, in a darkened room, by
arrangements of lenses or mirrors.
Scioptric \Sci*op"tric\, a. (Opt.)
Scioptic.
Sciot \Sci"ot\, a.
Of or pertaining to the island Scio (Chio or Chios). -- n. A
native or inhabitant of Scio. [Written also {Chiot}.]
Sciotheric \Sci`o*ther"ic\, a. [Cf. L. sciothericon a sundial.
See {Sciatheric}.]
Of or pertaining to a sundial.
{Sciotheric telescope} (Dialing), an instrument consisting of
a horizontal dial, with a telescope attached to it, used
for determining the time, whether of day or night.
Scious \Sci"ous\, a. [L. scius.]
Knowing; having knowledge. ``Brutes may be and are scious.''
--Coleridge.
Scire facias \Sci`re fa"ci*as\ (s[imac]`r[-e]
f[=a]"sh[i^]*[a^]s). [L., do you cause to know.] (Law)
A judicial writ, founded upon some record, and requiring the
party proceeded against to show cause why the party bringing
it should not have advantage of such record, or (as in the
case of scire facias to repeal letters patent) why the record
should not be annulled or vacated. --Wharton. Bouvier.
Scirrhoid \Scir"rhoid\ (sk[i^]r"roid), a. [Scirrhus + -oid.]
Resembling scirrhus. --Dunglison.
Scirrhosity \Scir*rhos"i*ty\ (sk[i^]r*r[o^]s"[i^]*t[y^]), n.
(Med.)
A morbid induration, as of a gland; state of being scirrhous.
Scirrhous \Scir"rhous\ (sk[i^]r"r[u^]s), a. [NL. scirrhosus.]
(Med.)
Proceeding from scirrhus; of the nature of scirrhus;
indurated; knotty; as, scirrhous affections; scirrhous
disease. [Written also {skirrhous}.]
Scirrhus \Scir"rhus\, n.; pl. L. {Scirrhi}, E. {Scirrhuses}.
[NL., from L. scirros, Gr. ?, ?, fr. ?, ?, hard.] (Med.)
(a) An indurated organ or part; especially, an indurated
gland. [Obs.]
(b) A cancerous tumor which is hard, translucent, of a gray
or bluish color, and emits a creaking sound when incised.
[Sometimes incorrectly written {schirrus}; written also
{skirrhus}.]
Sciscitation \Scis`ci*ta"tion\, n. [L. sciscitatio, fr.
sciscitari to inquire, from sciscere to seek to know, v.
incho. from scire to know.]
The act of inquiring; inquiry; demand. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Scise \Scise\, v. i. [L. scindere, scissum, to cut, split.]
To cut; to penetrate. [Obs.]
The wicked steel scised deep in his right side.
--Fairfax.
Scissel \Scis"sel\, n. [Cf. {Scissile}.]
1. The clippings of metals made in various mechanical
operations.
2. The slips or plates of metal out of which circular blanks
have been cut for the purpose of coinage.
Scissible \Scis"si*ble\, a. [L. scindere, scissum, to split.]
Capable of being cut or divided by a sharp instrument. [R.]
--Bacon.
Scissil \Scis"sil\, n.
See {Scissel}.
Scissile \Scis"sile\, a. [L. scissilis, fr. scindere, scissum,
to cut, to split: cf. F. scissile. See {Schism}.]
Capable of being cut smoothly; scissible. [R.] --Arbuthnot.
Scission \Scis"sion\, n. [L. scissio, fr. scindere, scissum, to
cut, to split: cf. F. scission.]
The act of dividing with an instrument having a sharp edge.
--Wiseman.
Scissiparity \Scis`si*par"i*ty\, n. [L. scissus (p. p. of
scindere to split) + parere to bring forth: cf. F.
scissiparit['e].] (Biol.)
Reproduction by fission.
Scissor \Scis"sor\, v. t.
To cut with scissors or shears; to prepare with the aid of
scissors. --Massinger.
Scissors \Scis"sors\, n. pl. [OE. sisoures, OF. cisoires (cf. F.
ciseaux), probably fr. LL. cisorium a cutting instrument, fr.
L. caedere to cut. Cf. {Chisel}, {Concise}. The modern
spelling is due to a mistaken derivation from L. scissor one
who cleaves or divides, fr. scindere, scissum, to cut,
split.]
A cutting instrument resembling shears, but smaller,
consisting of two cutting blades with handles, movable on a
pin in the center, by which they are held together. Often
called a {pair of scissors}. [Formerly written also {cisors},
{cizars}, and {scissars}.]
{Scissors grinder} (Zo["o]l.), the European goatsucker.
[Prov. Eng.]
Scissorsbill \Scis"sors*bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Skimmer}.
Scissorstail \Scis"sors*tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A tyrant flycatcher (Milvulus forficatus) of the Southern
United States and Mexico, which has a deeply forked tail. It
is light gray above, white beneath, salmon on the flanks, and
fiery red at the base of the crown feathers.
Scissors-tailed \Scis"sors-tailed`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the outer feathers much the longest, the others
decreasing regularly to the median ones.
Scissure \Scis"sure\, n. [L. scissura, from scindere, scissum,
to cut, split.]
A longitudinal opening in a body, made by cutting; a cleft; a
fissure. --Hammond.
Scitamineous \Scit`a*min"e*ous\ (?; 277), a. [NL. scitamineosus,
fr. Scitamineae, fr. L. scitamentum a delicacy, dainty.]
(Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants
({Scitamine[ae]}), mostly tropical herbs, including the
ginger, Indian shot, banana, and the plants producing
turmeric and arrowroot.
Sciurine \Sci"u*rine\ (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. sciurien. See
{Sciurus}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Squirrel family. -- n. A rodent of
the Squirrel family.
Sciuroid \Sci"u*roid\, a. [Sciurus + -oid.] (Bot.)
Resembling the tail of a squirrel; -- generally said of
branches which are close and dense, or of spikes of grass
like barley.
Sciuromorpha \Sci`u*ro*mor"pha\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. sciurus
squirrel + Gr. morfh` form.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of rodents containing the squirrels and allied
animals, such as the gophers, woodchucks, beavers, and
others.
Sciurus \Sci*u"rus\, n. [L., a squirrel, Gr. ?. See {Squirrel}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of rodents comprising the common squirrels.
Sclaundre \Sclaun"dre\, n.
Slander. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sclav \Sclav\, Sclave \Sclave\, n.
Same as {Slav}.
Sclavic \Sclav"ic\, a.
Same as {Slavic}.
Sclavism \Sclav"ism\, n.
Same as {Slavism}.
Sclavonian \Scla*vo"nian\, a. & n.
Same as {Slavonian}.
Sclavonic \Scla*von"ic\, a.
Same as {Slavonic}.
Sclender \Sclen"der\, a.
Slender. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Scleragogy \Scler"a*go`gy\, n. [Gr. ?; ? hard + ? a leading or
training.]
Severe discipline. [Obs.] --Bp. Hacket.
Sclerema \Scle*re"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. sklhro`s hard.] (Med.)
Induration of the cellular tissue.
{Sclerema of adults}. See {Scleroderma}.
{Sclerema neonatorum}[NL., of the newborn], an affection
characterized by a peculiar hardening and rigidity of the
cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues in the newly born. It
is usually fatal. Called also {skinbound disease}.
Sclerenchyma \Scle*ren"chy*ma\, n. [NL., from Gr. sklhro`s hard
+ -enchyma as in parenchyma.]
1. (Bot.) Vegetable tissue composed of short cells with
thickened or hardened walls, as in nutshells and the
gritty parts of a pear. See {Sclerotic}.
Note: By recent German writers and their English translators,
this term is used for {liber cells}. --Goodale.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The hard calcareous deposit in the tissues of
Anthozoa, constituting the stony corals.
Sclerenchymatous \Scler`en*chym"a*tous\, a. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, or composed of, sclerenchyma.
Sclerenchyme \Scle*ren"chyme\, n.
Sclerenchyma.
Scleriasis \Scle*ri"a*sis\, n. [NL., fr. gr. ?.] (Med.)
(a) A morbid induration of the edge of the eyelid.
(b) Induration of any part, including scleroderma.
Sclerite \Scle"rite\ (skl[=e]"r[imac]t), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A hard chitinous or calcareous process or corpuscle,
especially a spicule of the Alcyonaria.
Scleritis \Scle*ri"tis\ (skl[-e]*r[imac]"t[i^]s), n. [NL.]
See {Sclerotitis}.
Sclerobase \Scler"o*base\ (? or ?), n. [Gr. sklhro`s hard +
ba`sis base.] (Zo["o]l.)
The calcareous or hornlike coral forming the central stem or
axis of most compound alcyonarians; -- called also {foot
secretion}. See Illust. under {Gorgoniacea}, and
{C[oe]nenchyma}. -- {Scler`o*ba"sic}, a.
Scleroderm \Scler"o*derm\ (? or ?; 277), n. [Gr. sklhro`s hard +
de`rma skin: cf. F. scl['e]roderme.]
(a) (Zo["o]l.) One of a tribe of plectognath fishes
({Sclerodermi}) having the skin covered with hard scales,
or plates, as the cowfish and the trunkfish.
(b) One of the Sclerodermata.
(c) Hardened, or bony, integument of various animals.
Scleroderma \Scler`o*der"ma\, n. [NL.] (Med.)
A disease of adults, characterized by a diffuse rigidity and
hardness of the skin.
Sclerodermata \Scler`o*der"ma*ta\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
The stony corals; the Madreporaria.
Sclerodermic \Scler`o*der"mic\, Sclerodermous
\Scler`o*der"mous\, (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Having the integument, or skin, hard, or covered with
hard plates.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Sclerodermata.
Sclerodermite \Scler`o*der"mite\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The hard integument of Crustacea.
(b) Sclerenchyma.
Sclerogen \Scler"o*gen\ (? or ?), n. [Gr. sklhro`s hard + -gen.]
(Bot.)
The thickening matter of woody cells; lignin.
Sclerogenous \Scle*rog"e*nous\, a. [Gr. sklhro`s hard +
-genous.] (Anat.)
Making or secreting a hard substance; becoming hard.
Scleroid \Scle"roid\, a. [Gr. ?; sklhro`s hard + ? form.] (Bot.)
Having a hard texture, as nutshells.
Scleroma \Scle*ro"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. sklhro`s hard + -oma.]
(Med.)
Induration of the tissues. See {Sclerema}, {Scleroderma}, and
{Sclerosis}.
Sclerometer \Scle*rom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. sklhro`s hard + -meter.]
An instrument for determining with accuracy the degree of
hardness of a mineral.
Sclerosed \Scle*rosed"\, a.
Affected with sclerosis.
Sclerosis \Scle*ro"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. (??, fr. sklhro`s
hard.]
1. (Med.) Induration; hardening; especially, that form of
induration produced in an organ by increase of its
interstitial connective tissue.
2. (Bot.) Hardening of the cell wall by lignification.
{Cerebro-spinal sclerosis} (Med.), an affection in which
patches of hardening, produced by increase of the
neuroglia and atrophy of the true nerve tissue, are found
scattered throughout the brain and spinal cord. It is
associated with complete or partial paralysis, a peculiar
jerking tremor of the muscles, headache, and vertigo, and
is usually fatal. Called also {multiple, disseminated, or
insular, sclerosis}.
Scleroskeleton \Scle`ro*skel"e*ton\, n. [Gr. sklhro`s hard + E.
skeleton.] (Anat.)
That part of the skeleton which is developed in tendons,
ligaments, and aponeuroses.
Sclerotal \Scle*ro"tal\, a. (Anat.)
Sclerotic. -- n. The optic capsule; the sclerotic coat of the
eye. --Owen.
Sclerotic \Scle*rot"ic\, a. [Gr. sklhro`s hard: cf. F.
scl['e]rotique.]
1. Hard; firm; indurated; -- applied especially in anatomy to
the firm outer coat of the eyeball, which is often
cartilaginous and sometimes bony.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sclerotic coat of the eye;
sclerotical.
3. (Med.) Affected with sclerosis; sclerosed.
{Sclerotic parenchyma} (Bot.), sclerenchyma. By some writers
a distinction is made, sclerotic parenchyma being applied
to tissue composed of cells with the walls hardened but
not thickened, and sclerenchyma to tissue composed of
cells with the walls both hardened and thickened.
Sclerotic \Scle*rot"ic\, n. [Cf. F. scl['e]rotique.] (Anat.)
The sclerotic coat of the eye. See Illust. of {Eye}
(d) .
Sclerotic \Scle*rot"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from ergot or
the sclerotium of a fungus growing on rye.
Sclerotical \Scle*rot"ic*al\, a. (Anat.)
Sclerotic.
Sclerotitis \Scler`o*ti"tis\, n. [NL. See {Sclerotic}, and
{-itis}.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the sclerotic coat.
Sclerotium \Scle*ro"ti*um\, n.; pl. {Sclerotia}. [NL., fr. Gr.
sklhro`s hard.]
1. (Bot.) A hardened body formed by certain fungi, as by the
{Claviceps purpurea}, which produces ergot.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The mature or resting stage of a plasmodium.
Sclerotome \Scler"o*tome\ (skl[e^]r"[-o]*t[=o]m or
skl[=e]r"[-o]*t[=o]m), n. [Gr. sklhro`s hard + te`mnein to
cut.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the bony, cartilaginous, or membranous partitions
which separate the myotomes. -- {Scler`o*tom"ic}, a.
Sclerous \Scle"rous\, a. [Gr. ?.] (Anat.)
Hard; indurated; sclerotic.
Scoat \Scoat\, v. t.
To prop; to scotch. [Prov. Eng.]
Scobby \Scob"by\, n.
The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.]
Scobiform \Scob"i*form\, a. [L. scobs, or scobis, sawdust,
scrapings + -form: cf. F. scobiforme.]
Having the form of, or resembling, sawdust or raspings.
Scobs \Scobs\, n. sing. & pl. [L. scobs, or scobis, fr. scabere
to scrape.]
1. Raspings of ivory, hartshorn, metals, or other hard
substance. --Chambers.
2. The dross of metals.
Scoff \Scoff\ (?; 115), n. [OE. scof; akin to OFries. schof,
OHG. scoph, Icel. skaup, and perh. to E. shove.]
1. Derision; ridicule; mockery; derisive or mocking
expression of scorn, contempt, or reproach.
With scoffs, and scorns, and contumelious taunts.
--Shak.
2. An object of scorn, mockery, or derision.
The scoff of withered age and beardless youth.
--Cowper.
Scoff \Scoff\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scoffed} (?; 115); p. pr. &
vb. n. {Scoffing}.] [Cf. Dan. skuffe to deceive, delude,
Icel. skopa to scoff, OD. schoppen. See {Scoff}, n.]
To show insolent ridicule or mockery; to manifest contempt by
derisive acts or language; -- often with at.
Truth from his lips prevailed with double sway, And
fools who came to scoff, remained to pray. --Goldsmith.
God's better gift they scoff at and refuse. --Cowper.
Syn: To sneer; mock; gibe; jeer. See {Sneer}.
Scoff \Scoff\, v. t.
To treat or address with derision; to assail scornfully; to
mock at.
To scoff religion is ridiculously proud and immodest.
--Glanvill.
Scoffer \Scoff"er\, n.
One who scoffs. --2 Pet. iii. 3.
Scoffery \Scoff"er*y\, n.
The act of scoffing; scoffing conduct; mockery. --Holinshed.
Scoffingly \Scoff"ing*ly\, adv.
In a scoffing manner. --Broome.
Scoke \Scoke\, n. (Bot.)
Poke ({Phytolacca decandra}).
Scolay \Sco*lay"\, v. i.
See {Scoley}. [Obs.]
Scold \Scold\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scolded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scolding}.] [Akin to D. schelden, G. schelten, OHG. sceltan,
Dan. skielde.]
To find fault or rail with rude clamor; to brawl; to utter
harsh, rude, boisterous rebuke; to chide sharply or coarsely;
-- often with at; as, to scold at a servant.
Pardon me, lords, 't is the first time ever I was
forced to scold. --Shak.
Scold \Scold\, v. t.
To chide with rudeness and clamor; to rate; also, to rebuke
or reprove with severity.
Scold \Scold\, n.
1. One who scolds, or makes a practice of scolding; esp., a
rude, clamorous woman; a shrew.
She is an irksome, brawling scold. --Shak.
2. A scolding; a brawl.
Scolder \Scold"er\, n.
1. One who scolds.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The oyster catcher; -- so called from its shrill
cries.
(b) The old squaw. [Local U.S.]
Scolding \Scold"ing\,
a. & n. from {Scold}, v.
{Scolding bridle}, an iron frame. See {Brank}, n., 2.
Scoldingly \Scold"ing*ly\, adv.
In a scolding manner.
Scole \Scole\, n.
School. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Scolecida \Sco*le"ci*da\ (? or ?), n. pl. [NL. See {Scolex}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Helminthes}.
Scolecite \Scol"e*cite\ (? or ?; 277), n. [Gr. skw`lhx, -hkos, a
worm, earthworm.] (Min.)
A zeolitic mineral occuring in delicate radiating groups of
white crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.
Called also {lime mesotype}.
Scolecomorpha \Sco*le`co*mor"pha\, n. pl. [NL. See {Scolex},
{-morphous}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Scolecida}.
Scolex \Sco"lex\, n.; pl. {Scoleces}. [NL., from Gr. skw`lhx
worm, grub.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The embryo produced directly from the egg in a
metagenetic series, especially the larva of a tapeworm or
other parasitic worm. See Illust. of {Echinococcus}.
(b) One of the Scolecida.
Scoley \Sco*ley"\, v. i. [Cf. OF. escoler to teach. See
{School}.]
To go to school; to study. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Scoliosis \Sco`li*o"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. skolio`s crooked.]
(Med.)
A lateral curvature of the spine.
Scolithus \Scol"i*thus\ (? or ?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. skw`lhx a
worm + li`qos a stone.] (Paleon.)
A tubular structure found in Potsdam sandstone, and believed
to be the fossil burrow of a marine worm.
Scollop \Scol"lop\, n. & v.
See {Scallop}.
Scolopacine \Scol`o*pa"cine\, a. [L. scolopax a snipe, Gr. ?.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the {Scolopacid[ae]}, or Snipe family.
Scolopendra \Scol`o*pen"dra\, n. [L., a kind of multiped, fr.
Gr. ?.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of venomous myriapods including the
centipeds. See {Centiped}.
2. A sea fish. [R.] --Spenser.
Scolopendrine \Scol`o*pen"drine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to the Scolopendra.
Scolytid \Scol"y*tid\, n. [Gr. ? to cut short.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of small bark-boring beetles of
the genus {Scolytus} and allied genera. Also used
adjectively.
Scomber \Scom"ber\, n. [L., a mackerel, Gr. ?.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of acanthopterygious fishes which includes the common
mackerel.
Scomberoid \Scom"ber*oid\, a. & n. [Cf. F. scomb['e]ro["i]de.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Scombroid}.
Scombriformes \Scom`bri*for"mes\ (sk[o^]m`br[i^]*f[^o]r"m[=e]z),
n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of fishes including the mackerels, tunnies, and
allied fishes.
Scombroid \Scom"broid\ (sk[o^]m"broid), a. [Scomber + -oid.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to the Mackerel family. -- n. Any fish of
the family {Scombrid[ae]}, of which the mackerel ({Scomber})
is the type.
Scomfish \Scom"fish\ (sk[o^]m"f[i^]sh or sk[u^]m"-), v. t. & i.
To suffocate or stifle; to smother. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Scomfit \Scom"fit\ (sk[u^]m"f[i^]y), n. & v.
Discomfit. [Obs.]
Scomm \Scomm\ (sk[o^]m), n. [L. scomma a taunt, jeer, scoff, Gr.
?, fr. ? to mock, scoff at.]
1. A buffoon. [Obs.] --L'Estrange.
2. A flout; a jeer; a gibe; a taunt. [Obs.] --Fotherby.
Sconce \Sconce\, n. [D. schans, OD. schantse, perhaps from OF.
esconse a hiding place, akin to esconser to hide, L.
absconsus, p. p. of abscondere. See {Abscond}, and cf.
{Ensconce}, {Sconce} a candlestick.]
1. A fortification, or work for defense; a fort.
No sconce or fortress of his raising was ever known
either to have been forced, or yielded up, or
quitted. --Milton.
2. A hut for protection and shelter; a stall.
One that . . . must raise a sconce by the highway
and sell switches. --Beau. & Fl.
3. A piece of armor for the head; headpiece; helmet.
I must get a sconce for my head. --Shak.
4. Fig.: The head; the skull; also, brains; sense;
discretion. [Colloq.]
To knock him about the sconce with a dirty shovel.
--Shak.
5. A poll tax; a mulct or fine. --Johnson.
6. [OF. esconse a dark lantern, properly, a hiding place. See
Etymol. above.] A protection for a light; a lantern or
cased support for a candle; hence, a fixed hanging or
projecting candlestick.
Tapers put into lanterns or sconces of
several-colored, oiled paper, that the wind might
not annoy them. --Evelyn.
Golden sconces hang not on the walls. --Dryden.
7. Hence, the circular tube, with a brim, in a candlestick,
into which the candle is inserted.
8. (Arch.) A squinch.
9. A fragment of a floe of ice. --Kane.
10. [Perhaps a different word.] A fixed seat or shelf. [Prov.
Eng.]
Sconce \Sconce\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sconced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sconcing}.]
1. To shut up in a sconce; to imprison; to insconce. [Obs.]
Immure him, sconce him, barricade him in 't.
--Marston.
2. To mulct; to fine. [Obs.] --Milton.
Sconcheon \Scon"cheon\, n. (Arch.)
A squinch.
Scone \Scone\, n.
A cake, thinner than a bannock, made of wheat or barley or
oat meal. [Written variously, {scon}, {skone}, {skon}, etc.]
[Scot.] --Burns.
Scoop \Scoop\, n. [OE. scope, of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. skopa,
akin to D. schop a shovel, G. sch["u]ppe, and also to E.
shove. See {Shovel}.]
1. A large ladle; a vessel with a long handle, used for
dipping liquids; a utensil for bailing boats.
2. A deep shovel, or any similar implement for digging out
and dipping or shoveling up anything; as, a flour scoop;
the scoop of a dredging machine.
3. (Surg.) A spoon-shaped instrument, used in extracting
certain substances or foreign bodies.
4. A place hollowed out; a basinlike cavity; a hollow.
Some had lain in the scoop of the rock. --J. R.
Drake.
5. A sweep; a stroke; a swoop.
6. The act of scooping, or taking with a scoop or ladle; a
motion with a scoop, as in dipping or shoveling.
{Scoop net}, a kind of hand net, used in fishing; also, a net
for sweeping the bottom of a river.
{Scoop wheel}, a wheel for raising water, having scoops or
buckets attached to its circumference; a tympanum.
Scoop \Scoop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scooped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scooping}.] [OE. scopen. See {Scoop}, n.]
1. To take out or up with, a scoop; to lade out.
He scooped the water from the crystal flood.
--Dryden.
2. To empty by lading; as, to scoop a well dry.
3. To make hollow, as a scoop or dish; to excavate; to dig
out; to form by digging or excavation.
Those carbuncles the Indians will scoop, so as to
hold above a pint. --Arbuthnot.
Scooper \Scoop"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, scoops.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The avocet; -- so called because it scoops up
the mud to obtain food.
Scoot \Scoot\, v. i.
To walk fast; to go quickly; to run hastily away. [Colloq. &
Humorous, U. S.]
Scoparin \Sco"pa*rin\, n. (Chem.)
A yellow gelatinous or crystalline substance found in broom
({Cytisus scoparius}) accompanying sparte["i]ne.
Scopate \Sco"pate\, a. [L. scopae, scopa, a broom.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the surface closely covered with hairs, like a brush.
-scope \-scope\ [Gr. skopo`s a watcher, spy. See {Scope}.]
A combining form usually signifying an instrument for viewing
(with the eye) or observing (in any way); as in microscope,
telescope, altoscope, anemoscope.
Scope \Scope\, n. [It. scopo, L. scopos a mark, aim, Gr.
skopo`s, a watcher, mark, aim; akin to ?, ? to view, and
perh. to E. spy. Cf. {Skeptic}, {Bishop}.]
1. That at which one aims; the thing or end to which the mind
directs its view; that which is purposed to be reached or
accomplished; hence, ultimate design, aim, or purpose;
intention; drift; object. ``Shooting wide, do miss the
marked scope.'' --Spenser.
Your scope is as mine own, So to enforce or qualify
the laws As to your soul seems good. --Shak.
The scope of all their pleading against man's
authority, is to overthrow such laws and
constitutions in the church. --Hooker.
2. Room or opportunity for free outlook or aim; space for
action; amplitude of opportunity; free course or vent;
liberty; range of view, intent, or action.
Give him line and scope. --Shak.
In the fate and fortunes of the human race, scope is
given to the operation of laws which man must always
fail to discern the reasons of. --I. Taylor.
Excuse me if I have given too much scope to the
reflections which have arisen in my mind. --Burke.
An intellectual cultivation of no moderate depth or
scope. --Hawthorne.
3. Extended area. [Obs.] ``The scopes of land granted to the
first adventurers.'' --Sir J. Davies.
4. Length; extent; sweep; as, scope of cable.
Scopeline \Sco"pe*line\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Scopeloid.
Scopeloid \Sco"pe*loid\, a. [NL. Scopelus, typical genus (fr.
Gr. ? a headland) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to fishes of the genus {Scopelus}, or
family {Scopelod[ae]}, which includes many small oceanic
fishes, most of which are phosphorescent. -- n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any fish of the family {Scopelid[ae]}.
Scopiferous \Sco*pif"er*ous\, a. [L. scopae, scopa + -ferous.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Bearing a tuft of brushlike hairs.
Scopiform \Sco"pi*form\, a. [L. scopae, scopa, a broom + -form.]
Having the form of a broom or besom. ``Zeolite, stelliform or
scopiform.'' --Kirwan.
Scopiped \Sco"pi*ped\ (?; 277), n. [L. scopae, scopa, a broom +
pes, pedis, a foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Scopuliped}.
Scoppet \Scop"pet\, v. t. [From {Scoop}, v. t.]
To lade or dip out. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Scops owl \Scops" owl`\ [NL. scops, fr. Gr. ? the little horned
owl.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of small owls of the genus
{Scops} having ear tufts like those of the horned owls,
especially the European scops owl ({Scops giu}), and the
American screech owl ({S. asio}).
Scoptic \Scop"tic\, Scoptical \Scop"tic*al\, a. [Gr. skwptiko`s,
from skw`ptein to mock, to scoff at.]
Jesting; jeering; scoffing. [Obs.] --South. --
{Scop"tic*al*ly}, adv. [Obs.]
Scopula \Scop"u*la\, n.; pl. E. {Scopulas}, L. {Scopul[ae]}. [L.
scopulae, pl. a little broom.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A peculiar brushlike organ found on the foot of spiders
and used in the construction of the web.
(b) A special tuft of hairs on the leg of a bee.
Scopuliped \Scop"u*li*ped\, n. [L. scopulae, pl., a little broom
(fr. scopae a broom) + pes, pedis, foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of bee which has on the hind legs a brush of
hairs used for collecting pollen, as the hive bees and
bumblebees.
Scopulous \Scop"u*lous\, a. [L. scopulosus, fr. scopulus a rock,
Gr. ?.]
Full of rocks; rocky. [Obs.]
Scorbute \Scor"bute\, n. [LL. scorbutus: cf. F. scorbut. See
{Scurvy}, n.]
Scurvy. [Obs.] --Purchas.
Scorbutic \Scor*bu"tic\, Scorbutical \Scor*bu"tic*al\, a. [Cf.
F. scorbutique.] (Med.)
Of or pertaining to scurvy; of the nature of, or resembling,
scurvy; diseased with scurvy; as, a scorbutic person;
scorbutic complaints or symptoms. -- {Scor*bu"tic*al*ly},
adv.
Scorbutus \Scor*bu"tus\, n. [LL. See {Scorbute}.] (Med.)
Scurvy.
Scorce \Scorce\, n.
Barter. [Obs.] See {Scorse}.
Scorch \Scorch\ (sk[^o]rch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scorched}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Scorching}.] [OE. scorchen, probably akin to
scorcnen; cf. Norw. skrokken shrunk up, skrekka, skr["o]kka,
to shrink, to become wrinkled up, dial. Sw. skr[*a]kkla to
wrinkle (see {Shrug}); but perhaps influenced by OF.
escorchier to strip the bark from, to flay, to skin, F.
['e]corcher, LL. excorticare; L. ex from + cortex, -icis,
bark (cf. {Cork}); because the skin falls off when scorched.]
1. To burn superficially; to parch, or shrivel, the surface
of, by heat; to subject to so much heat as changes color
and texture without consuming; as, to scorch linen.
Summer drouth or sing[`e]d air Never scorch thy
tresses fair. --Milton.
2. To affect painfully with heat, or as with heat; to dry up
with heat; to affect as by heat.
Lashed by mad rage, and scorched by brutal fires.
--Prior.
3. To burn; to destroy by, or as by, fire.
Power was given unto him to scorch men with fire.
--Rev. xvi. 8.
The fire that scorches me to death. --Dryden.
Scorch \Scorch\, v. i.
1. To be burnt on the surface; to be parched; to be dried up.
Scatter a little mungy straw or fern amongst your
seedlings, to prevent the roots from scorching.
--Mortimer.
2. To burn or be burnt.
He laid his long forefinger on the scarlet letter,
which forthwith seemed to scorch into Hester's
breast, as if it had been red hot. --Hawthorne.
Scorching \Scorch"ing\, a.
Burning; parching or shriveling with heat. --
{Scorch"ing*ly}, adv. -- {Scorch"ing*ness}, n.
Score \Score\ (sk[=o]r), n. [AS. scor twenty, fr. sceran,
scieran, to shear, cut, divide; or rather the kindred Icel.
skor incision, twenty, akin to Dan. skure a notch, Sw.
sk[*a]ra. See {Shear}.]
1. A notch or incision; especially, one that is made as a
tally mark; hence, a mark, or line, made for the purpose
of account.
Whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books
but the score and the tally, thou hast caused
printing to be used. --Shak.
2. An account or reckoning; account of dues; bill; hence,
indebtedness.
He parted well, and paid his score. --Shak.
3. Account; reason; motive; sake; behalf.
But left the trade, as many more Have lately done on
the same score. --Hudibras.
You act your kindness in Cydaria's score. --Dryden.
4. The number twenty, as being marked off by a special score
or tally; hence, in pl., a large number.
Amongst three or four score hogsheads. --Shak.
At length the queen took upon herself to grant
patents of monopoly by scores. --Macaulay.
5. A distance of twenty yards; -- a term used in ancient
archery and gunnery. --Halliwell.
6. A weight of twenty pounds. [Prov. Eng.]
7. The number of points gained by the contestants, or either
of them, in any game, as in cards or cricket.
8. A line drawn; a groove or furrow.
9. (Mus.) The original and entire draught, or its transcript,
of a composition, with the parts for all the different
instruments or voices written on staves one above another,
so that they can be read at a glance; -- so called from
the bar, which, in its early use, was drawn through all
the parts. --Moore (Encyc. of Music).
{In score} (Mus.), having all the parts arranged and placed
in juxtaposition. --Smart.
{To quit scores}, to settle or balance accounts; to render an
equivalent; to make compensation.
Does not the earth quit scores with all the elements
in the noble fruits that issue from it? --South.
Score \Score\ (sk[=o]r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scored}
(sk[=o]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Scoring}.]
1. To mark with lines, scratches, or notches; to cut notches
or furrows in; to notch; to scratch; to furrow; as, to
score timber for hewing; to score the back with a lash.
Let us score their backs. --Shak.
A briar in that tangled wilderness Had scored her
white right hand. --M. Arnold.
2. Especially, to mark with significant lines or notches, for
indicating or keeping account of something; as, to score a
tally.
3. To mark or signify by lines or notches; to keep record or
account of; to set down; to record; to charge.
Madam, I know when, Instead of five, you scored me
ten. --Swift.
Nor need I tallies thy dear love to score. --Shak.
4. To engrave, as upon a shield. [R.] --Spenser.
5. To make a score of, as points, runs, etc., in a game.
6. (Mus.) To write down in proper order and arrangement; as,
to score an overture for an orchestra. See {Score}, n., 9.
7. (Geol.) To mark with parallel lines or scratches; as, the
rocks of New England and the Western States were scored in
the drift epoch.
Scorer \Scor"er\, n.
One who, or that which, scores.
Scoria \Sco"ri*a\, n.; pl. {Scori[ae]}. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ?
dung, ordure.]
1. The recrement of metals in fusion, or the slag rejected
after the reduction of metallic ores; dross.
2. Cellular slaggy lava; volcanic cinders.
Scoriac \Sco"ri*ac\, a.
Scoriaceous. --E. A. Poe.
Scoriaceous \Sco`ri*a"ceous\, a. [Cf. F. scoriac['e].]
Of or pertaining to scoria; like scoria or the recrement of
metals; partaking of the nature of scoria.
Scorie \Sco"rie\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The young of any gull. [Written also {scaurie}.] [Prov. Eng.]
Scorification \Sco`ri*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. scorification. See
{Scorify}.] (Chem.)
The act, process, or result of scorifying, or reducing to a
slag; hence, the separation from earthy matter by means of a
slag; as, the scorification of ores.
Scorifier \Sco"ri*fi`er\, n. (Chem.)
One who, or that which, scorifies; specifically, a small flat
bowl-shaped cup used in the first heating in assaying, to
remove the earth and gangue, and to concentrate the gold and
silver in a lead button.
Scoriform \Sco"ri*form\, a.
In the form of scoria.
Scorify \Sco"ri*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scorified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Scorifying}.] [Scoria + -fy: cf. F. scorifier.]
(Chem.)
To reduce to scoria or slag; specifically, in assaying, to
fuse so as to separate the gangue and earthy material, with
borax, lead, soda, etc., thus leaving the gold and silver in
a lead button; hence, to separate from, or by means of, a
slag.
Scorious \Sco"ri*ous\, a.
Scoriaceous. --Sir T. Browne.
Scorn \Scorn\ (sk[^o]rn), n. [OE. scorn, scarn, scharn, OF.
escarn, escharn, eschar, of German origin; cf. OHG. skern
mockery, skern[=o]n to mock; but cf. also OF. escorner to
mock.]
1. Extreme and lofty contempt; haughty disregard; that
disdain which springs from the opinion of the utter
meanness and unworthiness of an object.
Scorn at first makes after love the more. --Shak.
And wandered backward as in scorn, To wait an [ae]on
to be born. --Emerson.
2. An act or expression of extreme contempt.
Every sullen frown and bitter scorn But fanned the
fuel that too fast did burn. --Dryden.
3. An object of extreme disdain, contempt, or derision.
Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn
and a derision to them that are round about us.
--Ps. xliv.
13.
{To think scorn}, to regard as worthy of scorn or contempt;
to disdain. ``He thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai
alone.'' --Esther iii. 6.
{To laugh to scorn}, to deride; to make a mock of; to
ridicule as contemptible.
Syn: Contempt; disdain; derision; contumely; despite; slight;
dishonor; mockery.
Scorn \Scorn\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scorned} (sk[^o]rnd); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Scoring}.] [OE. scornen, scarnen, schornen, OF.
escarnir, escharnir. See {Scorn}, n.]
1. To hold in extreme contempt; to reject as unworthy of
regard; to despise; to contemn; to disdain.
I scorn thy meat; 't would choke me. --Shak.
This my long sufferance, and my day of grace, Those
who neglect and scorn shall never taste. --Milton.
We scorn what is in itself contemptible or
disgraceful. --C. J. Smith.
2. To treat with extreme contempt; to make the object of
insult; to mock; to scoff at; to deride.
His fellow, that lay by his bed's side, Gan for to
laugh, and scorned him full fast. --Chaucer.
To taunt and scorn you thus opprobriously. --Shak.
Syn: To contemn; despise; disdain. See {Contemn}.
Scorn \Scorn\ (sk[^o]rn), v. i.
To scoff; to mock; to show contumely, derision, or reproach;
to act disdainfully.
He said mine eyes were black and my hair black, And,
now I am remembered, scorned at me. --Shak.
Scorner \Scorn"er\, n.
One who scorns; a despiser; a contemner; specifically, a
scoffer at religion. ``Great scorners of death.'' --Spenser.
Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace
unto the lowly. --Prov. iii.
34.
Scornful \Scorn"ful\, a.
1. Full of scorn or contempt; contemptuous; disdainful.
Scornful of winter's frost and summer's sun.
--Prior.
Dart not scornful glances from those eyes. --Shak.
2. Treated with scorn; exciting scorn. [Obs.]
The scornful mark of every open eye. --Shak.
Syn: Contemptuous; disdainful; contumelious; reproachful;
insolent. -- {Scorn"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Scorn"ful*ness},
n.
Scorny \Scorn"y\, a.
Deserving scorn; paltry. [Obs.]
Scorodite \Scor"o*dite\, n. [G. scorodit; -- so called in
allusion to its smell under the blowpipe, from Gr. ? garlic.]
(Min.)
A leek-green or brownish mineral occurring in orthorhombic
crystals. It is a hydrous arseniate of iron. [Written also
{skorodite}.]
Scorpaenoid \Scor*p[ae]"noid\, a. [NL. Scorpaena, a typical
genus (see {Scorpene}) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the family {Scorp[ae]nid[ae]}, which
includes the scorpene, the rosefish, the California
rockfishes, and many other food fishes. [Written also
{scorp[ae]nid}.] See Illust. under {Rockfish}.
Scorpene \Scor"pene\, n. [F. scorp[`e]ne, fr. L. scorpaena a
kind of fish, Gr. ?.] (Zo["o]l.)
A marine food fish of the genus {Scorp[ae]na}, as the
European hogfish ({S. scrofa}), and the California species
({S. guttata}).
Scorper \Scor"per\, n.
Same as {Scauper}.
Scorpio \Scor"pi*o\, n.; pl. {Scorpiones}. [L.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A scorpion.
2. (Astron.)
(a) The eighth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters
about the twenty-third day of October, marked thus
[[scorpio]] in almanacs.
(b) A constellation of the zodiac containing the bright
star Antares. It is drawn on the celestial globe in
the figure of a scorpion.
Scorpiodea \Scor`pi*o"de*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Scorpiones}.
Scorpioid \Scor"pi*oid\, Scorpioidal \Scor`pi*oid"al\, a. [Gr.
?; ? a scorpion + ? form.]
1. Having the inflorescence curved or circinate at the end,
like a scorpion's tail.
Scorpion \Scor"pi*on\, n. [F., fr. L. scorpio, scorpius, Gr. ?,
perhaps akin to E. sharp.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of pulmonate
arachnids of the order Scorpiones, having a suctorial
mouth, large claw-bearing palpi, and a caudal sting.
Note: Scorpions have a flattened body, and a long, slender
post-abdomen formed of six movable segments, the last
of which terminates in a curved venomous sting. The
venom causes great pain, but is unattended either with
redness or swelling, except in the axillary or inguinal
glands, when an extremity is affected. It is seldom if
ever destructive of life. Scorpions are found widely
dispersed in the warm climates of both the Old and New
Worlds.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The pine or gray lizard ({Sceloporus
undulatus}). [Local, U. S.]
3. (Zo["o]l.) The scorpene.
4. (Script.) A painful scourge.
My father hath chastised you with whips, but I will
chastise you with scorpions. --1 Kings xii.
11.
5. (Astron.) A sign and constellation. See {Scorpio}.
6. (Antiq.) An ancient military engine for hurling stones and
other missiles.
{Book scorpion}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Book}.
{False scorpion}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {False}, and {Book
scorpion}.
{Scorpion bug}, or {Water scorpion} (Zo["o]l.) See {Nepa}.
{Scorpion fly} (Zo["o]l.), a neuropterous insect of the genus
{Panorpa}. See {Panorpid}.
{Scorpion grass} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Myosotis}. {M.
palustris} is the forget-me-not.
{Scorpion senna} (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous shrub
({Coronilla Emerus}) having a slender joined pod, like a
scorpion's tail. The leaves are said to yield a dye like
indigo, and to be used sometimes to adulterate senna.
{Scorpion shell} (Zo["o]l.), any shell of the genus
Pteroceras. See {Pteroceras}.
{Scorpion spiders}. (Zo["o]l.), any one of the Pedipalpi.
{Scorpion's tail} (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous genus
{Scorpiurus}, herbs with a circinately coiled pod; -- also
called {caterpillar}.
{Scorpion's thorn} (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant
({Genista Scorpius}) of Southern Europe.
{The Scorpion's Heart} (Astron.), the star Antares in the
constellation Scorpio.
Scorpiones \Scor`pi*o"nes\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of arachnids comprising the scorpions.
Scorpionidea \Scor`pi*o*nid"e*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Scorpiones}.
Scorpionwort \Scor"pi*on*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A leguminous plant ({Ornithopus scorpioides}) of Southern
Europe, having slender curved pods.
Scorse \Scorse\ (? or ?), n. [Cf. It. scorsa a course, and E.
discourse.]
Barter; exchange; trade. [Obs.]
And recompensed them with a better scorse. --Spenser.
Scorse \Scorse\, v. t. [Written also scourse, and scoss.]
1. To barter or exchange. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. To chase. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Scorse \Scorse\, v. i.
To deal for the purchase of anything; to practice barter.
[Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Scortatory \Scor"ta*to*ry\, a. [L. scortator a fornicator, from
scortari to fornicate, scortum a prostitute.]
Pertaining to lewdness or fornication; lewd.
Scot \Scot\, n.
A name for a horse. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Scot \Scot\, n. [Cf. L. Skoti, pl., AS. Scotta, pl. Skottas,
Sceottas.]
A native or inhabitant of Scotland; a Scotsman, or Scotchman.
Scot \Scot\, n. [Icel. skot; or OF. escot, F. ['e]cot, LL.
scottum, scotum, from a kindred German word; akin to AS.
scot, and E. shot, shoot; cf. AS. sce['o]tan to shoot, to
contribute. See {Shoot}, and cf. {Shot}.]
A portion of money assessed or paid; a tax or contribution; a
mulct; a fine; a shot.
{Scot and lot}, formerly, a parish assessment laid on
subjects according to their ability. [Eng.] --Cowell. Now,
a phrase for obligations of every kind regarded
collectivelly.
Experienced men of the world know very well that it
is best to pay scot and lot as they go along.
--Emerson.
Scotal \Scot"al\, Scotale \Scot"ale\, n. [Scot + ale.] (O. Eng.
Law)
The keeping of an alehouse by an officer of a forest, and
drawing people to spend their money for liquor, for fear of
his displeasure.
Scotch \Scotch\, a. [Cf. {Scottish}.]
Of or pertaining to Scotland, its language, or its
inhabitants; Scottish.
{Scotch broom} (Bot.), the {Cytisus scoparius}. See {Broom}.
{Scotch dipper}, or {Scotch duck} (Zo["o]l.), the bufflehead;
-- called also {Scotch teal}, and {Scotchman}.
{Scotch fiddle}, the itch. [Low] --Sir W. Scott.
{Scotch mist}, a coarse, dense mist, like fine rain.
{Scotch nightingale} (Zo["o]l.), the sedge warbler. [Prov.
Eng.]
{Scotch pebble}. See under {pebble}.
{Scotch pine} (Bot.) See {Riga fir}.
{Scotch thistle} (Bot.), a species of thistle ({Onopordon
acanthium}); -- so called from its being the national
emblem of the Scotch.
Scotch \Scotch\, n.
1. The dialect or dialects of English spoken by the people of
Scotland.
2. Collectively, the people of Scotland.
Scotch \Scotch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scotched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scotching}.] [Cf. Prov. E. scote a prop, and Walloon ascot a
prop, ascoter to prop, F. accoter, also Armor. skoaz the
shoulder, skoazia to shoulder up, to prop, to support, W.
ysgwydd a shoulder, ysgwyddo to shoulder. Cf. {Scoat}.]
[Written also {scoatch}, {scoat}.]
To shoulder up; to prop or block with a wedge, chock, etc.,
as a wheel, to prevent its rolling or slipping.
Scotch \Scotch\, n.
A chock, wedge, prop, or other support, to prevent slipping;
as, a scotch for a wheel or a log on inclined ground.
Scotch \Scotch\, v. t. [Probably the same word as scutch; cf.
Norw. skoka, skoko, a swingle for flax; perhaps akin to E.
shake.]
To cut superficially; to wound; to score.
We have scotched the snake, not killed it. --Shak.
{Scotched collops} (Cookery), a dish made of pieces of beef
or veal cut thin, or minced, beaten flat, and stewed with
onion and other condiments; -- called also {Scotch
collops}. [Written also {scotcht collops}.]
Scotch \Scotch\, n.
A slight cut or incision; a score. --Walton.
Scotch-hopper \Scotch"-hop`per\, n.
Hopscotch.
Scotching \Scotch"ing\, n. (Masonry)
Dressing stone with a pick or pointed instrument.
Scotchman \Scotch"man\, n.; pl. {Scotchmen}.
1. A native or inhabitant of Scotland; a Scot; a Scotsman.
2. (Naut.) A piece of wood or stiff hide placed over shrouds
and other rigging to prevent chafe by the running gear.
--Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Scoter \Sco"ter\, n. [Cf. Prov. E. scote to plow up.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of northern sea ducks of the genus
{Oidemia}.
Note: The European scoters are {Oidemia nigra}, called also
{black duck}, {black diver}, {surf duck}; and the
velvet, or double, scoter ({O. fusca}). The common
American species are the velvet, or white-winged,
scoter ({O. Deglandi}), called also {velvet duck},
{white-wing}, {bull coot}, {white-winged coot}; the
black scoter ({O. Americana}), called also {black
coot}, {butterbill}, {coppernose}; and the surf scoter,
or surf duck ({O. perspicillata}), called also
{baldpate}, {skunkhead}, {horsehead}, {patchhead},
{pishaug}, and spectacled coot. These birds are
collectively called also {coots}. The females and young
are called gray coots, and brown coots.
Scot-free \Scot"-free"\ [?], a.
Free from payment of scot; untaxed; hence, unhurt; clear;
safe.
Do as much for this purpose, and thou shalt pass
scot-free. --Sir W.
Scott.
Then young Hay escaped scot-free to Holland. --A. Lang.
Scoth \Scoth\, v. t.
To clothe or cover up. [Obs.]
Scotia \Sco"ti*a\, n. [L., fr. Gr. skoti`a darkness, a sunken
molding in the base of a pillar, so called from the dark
shadow it casts, from sko`tos darkness.] (Arch.)
A concave molding used especially in classical architecture.
Scotia \Sco"ti*a\, n. [L.]
Scotland [Poetic]
O Scotia! my dear, my native soil! --Burns.
Scotist \Sco"tist\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of (Joannes) Duns Scotus, the Franciscan
scholastic (d. 1308), who maintained certain doctrines in
philosophy and theology, in opposition to the {Thomists}, or
followers of Thomas Aquinas, the Dominican scholastic.
Scotograph \Scot"o*graph\, n. [Gr. sko`tos darkness + -graph.]
An instrument for writing in the dark, or without seeing.
--Maunder.
Scotoma \Sco*to"ma\, n. [L.] (Med.)
Scotomy.
Scotomy \Scot"o*my\, n. [NL. scotomia, from Gr. ? dizziness, fr.
? to darken, fr. sko`tos darkness: cf. F. scotomie.]
1. Dizziness with dimness of sight. [Obs.] --Massinger.
2. (Med.) Obscuration of the field of vision due to the
appearance of a dark spot before the eye.
Scotoscope \Sco"to*scope\ (? or ?), n. [Gr. sko`tos darkness +
-scope.]
An instrument that discloses objects in the dark or in a
faint light. [Obs.] --Pepys.
Scots \Scots\, a. [For older Scottis Scottish. See {Scottish}.]
Of or pertaining to the Scotch; Scotch; Scottish; as, Scots
law; a pound Scots (1s. 8d.).
Scotsman \Scots"man\ (-man), n.
See {Scotchman}.
Scottering \Scot"ter*ing\, n.
The burning of a wad of pease straw at the end of harvest.
[Prov. Eng.]
Scotticism \Scot"ti*cism\, n.
An idiom, or mode of expression, peculiar to Scotland or
Scotchmen.
That, in short, in which the Scotticism of Scotsmen
most intimately consists, is the habit of emphasis.
--Masson.
Scotticize \Scot"ti*cize\, v. t.
To cause to become like the Scotch; to make Scottish. [R.]
Scottish \Scot"tish\, a. [From {Scot} a Scotchman: cf. AS.
Scyttisc, and E. {Scotch}, a., {Scots}, a.]
Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of Scotland, their
country, or their language; as, Scottish industry or economy;
a Scottish chief; a Scottish dialect.
Scoundrel \Scoun"drel\, n. [Probably from Prov. E. & Scotch
scunner, scouner, to loathe, to disgust, akin to AS. scunian
to shun. See {Shun}.]
A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a villain; a man without
honor or virtue.
Go, if your ancient, but ignoble blood Has crept
through scoundrels ever since the flood. --Pope.
Scoundrel \Scoun"drel\, a.
Low; base; mean; unprincipled.
Scoundreldom \Scoun"drel*dom\, n.
The domain or sphere of scoundrels; scoundrels, collectively;
the state, ideas, or practices of scoundrels. --Carlyle.
Scoundrelism \Scoun"drel*ism\, n.
The practices or conduct of a scoundrel; baseness; rascality.
--Cotgrave.
Scour \Scour\ (skour), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scoured}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Scouring}.] [Akin to LG. sch["u]ren, D. schuren,
schueren, G. scheuern, Dan. skure; Sw. skura; all possibly
fr. LL. escurare, fr. L. ex + curare to take care. Cf.
{Cure}.]
1. To rub hard with something rough, as sand or Bristol
brick, especially for the purpose of cleaning; to clean by
friction; to make clean or bright; to cleanse from grease,
dirt, etc., as articles of dress.
2. To purge; as, to scour a horse.
3. To remove by rubbing or cleansing; to sweep along or off;
to carry away or remove, as by a current of water; --
often with off or away.
[I will] stain my favors in a bloody mask, Which,
washed away, shall scour my shame with it. --Shak.
4. [Perhaps a different word; cf. OF. escorre, escourre, It.
scorrere, both fr. L. excurrere to run forth. Cf.
{Excursion}.] To pass swiftly over; to brush along; to
traverse or search thoroughly; as, to scour the coast.
Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain. --Pope.
{Scouring barrel}, a tumbling barrel. See under {Tumbling}.
{Scouring cinder} (Metal.), a basic slag, which attacks the
lining of a shaft furnace. --Raymond.
{Scouring rush}. (Bot.) See {Dutch rush}, under {Dutch}.
{Scouring stock} (Woolen Manuf.), a kind of fulling mill.
Scour \Scour\, v. i.
1. To clean anything by rubbing. --Shak.
2. To cleanse anything.
Warm water is softer than cold, for it scoureth
better. --Bacon.
3. To be purged freely; to have a diarrh[oe]a.
4. To run swiftly; to rove or range in pursuit or search of
something; to scamper.
So four fierce coursers, starting to the race, Scour
through the plain, and lengthen every pace.
--Dryden.
Scour \Scour\, n.
Diarrh[oe]a or dysentery among cattle.
Scourage \Scour"age\ (?; 48), n.
Refuse water after scouring.
Scourer \Scour"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, scours.
2. A rover or footpad; a prowling robber.
In those days of highwaymen and scourers.
--Macaulay.
Scourge \Scourge\, n. [F. escourg['e]e, fr. L. excoriata (sc.
scutica) a stripped off (lash or whip), fr. excoriare to
strip, to skin. See {Excoriate}.]
1. A lash; a strap or cord; especially, a lash used to
inflict pain or punishment; an instrument of punishment or
discipline; a whip.
Up to coach then goes The observed maid, takes both
the scourge and reins. --Chapman.
2. Hence, a means of inflicting punishment, vengeance, or
suffering; an infliction of affliction; a punishment.
Sharp scourges of adversity. --Chaucer.
What scourge for perjury Can this dark monarchy
afford false Clarence? --Shak.
Scourge \Scourge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scourged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Scourging}.] [From {Scourge}, n.: cf. OF. escorgier.]
1. To whip severely; to lash.
Is it lawful for you to scourge a . . . Roman?
--Acts xxii.
25.
2. To punish with severity; to chastise; to afflict, as for
sins or faults, and with the purpose of correction.
Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth
every son whom he receiveth. --Heb. xii. 6.
3. To harass or afflict severely.
To scourge and impoverish the people. --Brougham.
Scourger \Scour"ger\, n.
One who scourges or punishes; one who afflicts severely.
The West must own the scourger of the world. --Byron.
Scourse \Scourse\ (sk[=o]rs), v. t.
See {Scorse}. [Obs.]
Scouse \Scouse\ (skous), n. (Naut.)
A sailor's dish. Bread scouse contains no meat; lobscouse
contains meat, etc. See {Lobscouse}. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Scout \Scout\ (skout), n. [Icel. sk[=u]ta a small craft or
cutter.]
A swift sailing boat. [Obs.]
So we took a scout, very much pleased with the manner
and conversation of the passengers. --Pepys.
Scout \Scout\, n. [Icel. sk[=u]ta to jut out. Cf. {Scout} to
reject.]
A projecting rock. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
Scout \Scout\ (skout), v. t. [Icel. sk[=u]ta a taunt; cf. Icel.
sk[=u]ta to jut out, skota to shove, skj[=o]ta to shoot, to
shove. See {Shoot}.]
To reject with contempt, as something absurd; to treat with
ridicule; to flout; as, to scout an idea or an apology.
``Flout 'em and scout 'em.'' --Shak.
Scout \Scout\, n. [OF. escoute scout, spy, fr. escouter,
escolter, to listen, to hear, F. ['e]couter, fr. L.
auscultare, to hear with attention, to listen to. See
{Auscultation}.]
1. A person sent out to gain and bring in tidings;
especially, one employed in war to gain information of the
movements and condition of an enemy.
Scouts each coast light-arm[`e]d scour, Each
quarter, to descry the distant foe. --Milton.
2. A college student's or undergraduate's servant; -- so
called in Oxford, England; at Cambridge called a gyp; and
at Dublin, a skip. [Cant]
3. (Cricket) A fielder in a game for practice.
4. The act of scouting or reconnoitering. [Colloq.]
While the rat is on the scout. --Cowper.
Syn: {Scout}, {Spy}.
Usage: In a military sense a scout is a soldier who does duty
in his proper uniform, however hazardous his
adventure. A spy is one who in disguise penetrates the
enemies' lines, or lurks near them, to obtain
information.
Scout \Scout\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scouted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scouting}.]
1. To observe, watch, or look for, as a scout; to follow for
the purpose of observation, as a scout.
Take more men, And scout him round. --Beau. & Fl.
2. To pass over or through, as a scout; to reconnoiter; as,
to scout a country.
Scout \Scout\, v. i.
To go on the business of scouting, or watching the motions of
an enemy; to act as a scout.
With obscure wing Scout far and wide into the realm of
night. --Milton.
Scovel \Scov"el\ (sk[u^]v"'l), n. [OF. escouve, escouvette,
broom, L. scopae, or cf. W. ysgubell, dim. of ysgub a broom.]
A mop for sweeping ovens; a malkin.
Scow \Scow\ (skou), n. [D. schouw.] (Naut.)
A large flat-bottomed boat, having broad, square ends.
Scow \Scow\, v. t.
To transport in a scow.
Scowl \Scowl\ (skoul), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scowled} (skould);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Scowling}.] [Akin to Dan. skule; cf. Icel.
skolla to skulk, LG. schulen to hide one's self, D. schuilen,
G. schielen to squint, Dan. skele, Sw. skela, AS. sceolh
squinting. Cf. {Skulk}.]
1. To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to
put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or
angry.
She scowled and frowned with froward countenance.
--Spenser.
2. Hence, to look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower.
``The scowling heavens.'' --Thomson.
Scowl \Scowl\, v. t.
1. To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown. --Milton.
2. To express by a scowl; as, to scowl defiance.
Scowl \Scowl\, n.
1. The wrinkling of the brows or face in frowing; the
expression of displeasure, sullenness, or discontent in
the countenance; an angry frown.
With solemn phiz, and critic scowl. --Lloyd.
2. Hence, gloom; dark or threatening aspect. --Burns.
A ruddy storm, whose scowl Made heaven's radiant
face look foul. --Crashaw.
Scowlingly \Scowl"ing*ly\, adv.
In a scowling manner.
Scrabbed eggs \Scrab"bed eggs`\ [CF. {Scramble}.]
A Lenten dish, composed of eggs boiled hard, chopped, and
seasoned with butter, salt, and pepper. --Halliwell.
Scrabble \Scrab"ble\ (skr[a^]b"b'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Scrabbled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Scrabbling}.] [Freq. of scrape.
Cf. {Scramble}, {Scrawl}, v. t.]
1. To scrape, paw, or scratch with the hands; to proceed by
clawing with the hands and feet; to scramble; as, to
scrabble up a cliff or a tree.
Now after a while Little-faith came to himself, and
getting up made shift to scrabble on his way.
--Bunyan.
2. To make irregular, crooked, or unmeaning marks; to
scribble; to scrawl.
David . . . scrabbled on the doors of the gate. --1.
Sam. xxi. 13.
Scrabble \Scrab"ble\, v. t.
To mark with irregular lines or letters; to scribble; as, to
scrabble paper.
Scrabble \Scrab"ble\, n.
The act of scrabbling; a moving upon the hands and knees; a
scramble; also, a scribble.
Scraber \Scra"ber\, n. [Cf. {Scrabble}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The Manx shearwater.
(b) The black guillemot.
Scraffle \Scraf"fle\ (skr[a^]f"f'l), v. i. [See {Scramble}: cf.
OD. schraeffelen to scrape.]
To scramble or struggle; to wrangle; also, to be industrious.
[Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Scrag \Scrag\ (skr[a^]g), n. [Cf. dial. Sw. skraka a great dry
tree, a long, lean man, Gael. sgreagach dry, shriveled,
rocky. See {Shrink}, and cf. {Scrog}, {Shrag}, n.]
1. Something thin, lean, or rough; a bony piece; especially,
a bony neckpiece of meat; hence, humorously or in
contempt, the neck.
Lady MacScrew, who . . . serves up a scrag of mutton
on silver. --Thackeray.
2. A rawboned person. [Low] --Halliwell.
3. A ragged, stunted tree or branch.
{Scrag whale} (Zo["o]l.), a North Atlantic whalebone whale
({Agaphelus gibbosus}). By some it is considered the young
of the right whale.
Scragged \Scrag"ged\, a.
1. Rough with irregular points, or a broken surface; scraggy;
as, a scragged backbone.
2. Lean and rough; scraggy.
Scraggedness \Scrag"ged*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being scragged.
Scraggily \Scrag"gi*ly\, adv.
In a scraggy manner.
Scragginess \Scrag"gi*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being scraggy; scraggedness.
Scraggy \Scrag"gy\, a. [Compar. {Scragger}; superl.
{Scraggiest}.]
1. Rough with irregular points; scragged. ``A scraggy rock.''
--J. Philips.
2. Lean and rough; scragged. ``His sinewy, scraggy neck.''
--Sir W. Scott.
Scragly \Scrag"ly\, a.
See {Scraggy}.
Scrag-necked \Scrag"-necked`\, a.
Having a scraggy neck.
Scramble \Scram"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scrambled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Scrambling}.] [Freq. of Prov. E. scramb to rake
together with the hands, or of scramp to snatch at. cf.
{Scrabble}.]
1. To clamber with hands and knees; to scrabble; as, to
scramble up a cliff; to scramble over the rocks.
2. To struggle eagerly with others for something thrown upon
the ground; to go down upon all fours to seize something;
to catch rudely at what is desired.
Of other care they little reckoning make, Than how
to scramble at the shearer's feast. --Milton.
Scramble \Scram"ble\, v. t.
1. To collect by scrambling; as, to scramble up wealth.
--Marlowe.
2. To prepare (eggs) as a dish for the table, by stirring the
yolks and whites together while cooking.
Scramble \Scram"ble\, n.
1. The act of scrambling, climbing on all fours, or
clambering.
2. The act of jostling and pushing for something desired;
eager and unceremonious struggle for what is thrown or
held out; as, a scramble for office.
Scarcity [of money] enhances its price, and
increases the scramble. --Locke.
Scrambler \Scram"bler\, n.
1. One who scrambles; one who climbs on all fours.
2. A greedy and unceremonious contestant.
Scrambling \Scram"bling\, a.
Confused and irregular; awkward; scambling. --
{Scram"bling*ly}, adv.
A huge old scrambling bedroom. --Sir W.
Scott.
Scranch \Scranch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scranched}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Scranching}.] [Cf. D. schransen to eat greedily, G.
schranzen. Cf. {Crunch}, {Scrunch}.]
To grind with the teeth, and with a crackling sound; to
craunch. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
Scranky \Scrank"y\, a.
Thin; lean. [Scot.]
Scrannel \Scran"nel\, a. [Cf. {Scrawny}.]
Slight; thin; lean; poor.
Grate on their scrannel pipes of wretched straw.
--Milton.
Scranny \Scran"ny\, a. [See {Scrannel}.]
Thin; lean; meager; scrawny; scrannel. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Scrap \Scrap\ (skr[a^]p), n. [OE. scrappe, fr. Icel. skrap
trifle, cracking. See {Scrape}, v. t.]
1. Something scraped off; hence, a small piece; a bit; a
fragment; a detached, incomplete portion.
I have no materials -- not a scrap. --De Quincey.
2. Specifically, a fragment of something written or printed;
a brief excerpt; an unconnected extract.
3. pl. The crisp substance that remains after drying out
animal fat; as, pork scraps.
4. pl. Same as {Scrap iron}, below.
{Scrap forgings}, forgings made from wrought iron scrap.
{Scrap iron}.
(a) Cuttings and waste pieces of wrought iron from which
bar iron or forgings can be made; -- called also
{wrought-iron scrap}.
(b) Fragments of cast iron or defective castings suitable
for remelting in the foundry; -- called also {foundry
scrap}, or {cast scrap}.
Scrapbook \Scrap"book`\, n.
A blank book in which extracts cut from books and papers may
be pasted and kept.
Scrape \Scrape\ (skr[=a]p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scraped}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Scraping}.] [Icel. skrapa; akin to Sw. skrapa,
Dan. skrabe, D. schrapen, schrabben, G. schrappen, and prob.
to E. sharp.]
1. To rub over the surface of (something) with a sharp or
rough instrument; to rub over with something that roughens
by removing portions of the surface; to grate harshly
over; to abrade; to make even, or bring to a required
condition or form, by moving the sharp edge of an
instrument breadthwise over the surface with pressure,
cutting away excesses and superfluous parts; to make
smooth or clean; as, to scrape a bone with a knife; to
scrape a metal plate to an even surface.
2. To remove by rubbing or scraping (in the sense above).
I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her
like the top of a rock. --Ezek. xxvi.
4.
3. To collect by, or as by, a process of scraping; to gather
in small portions by laborious effort; hence, to acquire
avariciously and save penuriously; -- often followed by
together or up; as, to scrape money together.
The prelatical party complained that, to swell a
number the nonconformists did not choose, but
scrape, subscribers. --Fuller.
4. To express disapprobation of, as a play, or to silence, as
a speaker, by drawing the feet back and forth upon the
floor; -- usually with down. --Macaulay.
{To scrape acquaintance}, to seek acquaintance otherwise than
by an introduction. --Farquhar.
He tried to scrape acquaintance with her, but failed
ignominiously. --G. W. Cable.
Scrape \Scrape\, v. i.
1. To rub over the surface of anything with something which
roughens or removes it, or which smooths or cleans it; to
rub harshly and noisily along.
2. To occupy one's self with getting laboriously; as, he
scraped and saved until he became rich. ``[Spend] their
scraping fathers' gold.'' --Shak.
3. To play awkwardly and inharmoniously on a violin or like
instrument.
4. To draw back the right foot along the ground or floor when
making a bow.
Scrape \Scrape\, n.
1. The act of scraping; also, the effect of scraping, as a
scratch, or a harsh sound; as, a noisy scrape on the
floor; a scrape of a pen.
2. A drawing back of the right foot when bowing; also, a bow
made with that accompaniment. --H. Spencer.
3. A disagreeable and embarrassing predicament out of which
one can not get without undergoing, as it were, a painful
rubbing or scraping; a perplexity; a difficulty.
The too eager pursuit of this his old enemy through
thick and thin has led him into many of these
scrapes. --Bp.
Warburton.
Scrapepenny \Scrape"pen`ny\, n.
One who gathers and hoards money in trifling sums; a miser.
Scraper \Scrap"er\, n.
1. An instrument with which anything is scraped.
Specifically:
(a) An instrument by which the soles of shoes are cleaned
from mud and the like, by drawing them across it.
(b) An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, used for
scraping up earth in making or repairing roads,
digging cellars, canals etc.
(c) (Naut.) An instrument having two or three sharp sides
or edges, for cleaning the planks, masts, or decks of
a ship.
(d) (Lithography) In the printing press, a board, or
blade, the edge of which is made to rub over the
tympan sheet and thus produce the impression.
2. One who scrapes. Specifically:
(a) One who plays awkwardly on a violin.
(b) One who acquires avariciously and saves penuriously.
Scraping \Scrap"ing\, n.
1. The act of scraping; the act or process of making even, or
reducing to the proper form, by means of a scraper.
2. Something scraped off; that which is separated from a
substance, or is collected by scraping; as, the scraping
of the street.
Scraping \Scrap"ing\, a.
Resembling the act of, or the effect produced by, one who, or
that which, scrapes; as, a scraping noise; a scraping miser.
-- {Scrap"ing*ly}, adv.
Scrappily \Scrap"pi*ly\, adv.
In a scrappy manner; in scraps. --Mary Cowden Clarke.
Scrappy \Scrap"py\, a.
Consisting of scraps; fragmentary; lacking unity or
consistency; as, a scrappy lecture.
A dreadfully scrappy dinner. --Thackeray.
Scrat \Scrat\, v. t. [OE. scratten. Cf. {Scratch}.]
To scratch. [Obs.] --Burton.
Scrat \Scrat\, v. i.
To rake; to search. [Obs.] --Mir. for Mag.
Scrat \Scrat\, n. [Cf. AS. scritta an hermaphrodite, Ir. scrut a
scrub, a low, mean person, Gael. sgrut, sgruit, an old,
shriveled person.]
An hermaphrodite. [Obs.] --Skinner.
Scratch \Scratch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scratched}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Scratching}.] [OE. cracchen (perhaps influenced by OE.
scratten to scratch); cf. OHG. chrazz[=o]n, G. kratzen, OD.
kratsen, kretsen, D. krassen, Sw. kratsa to scrape, kratta to
rake, to scratch, Dan. kradse to scratch, to scrape, Icel.
krota to engrave. Cf. {Grate} to rub.]
1. To rub and tear or mark the surface of with something
sharp or ragged; to scrape, roughen, or wound slightly by
drawing something pointed or rough across, as the claws,
the nails, a pin, or the like.
Small sand-colored stones, so hard as to scratch
glass. --Grew.
Be mindful, when invention fails, To scratch your
head, and bite your nails. --Swift.
2. To write or draw hastily or awkwardly. ``Scratch out a
pamphlet.'' --Swift.
3. To cancel by drawing one or more lines through, as the
name of a candidate upon a ballot, or of a horse in a
list; hence, to erase; to efface; -- often with out.
4. To dig or excavate with the claws; as, some animals
scratch holes, in which they burrow.
{To scratch a ticket}, to cancel one or more names of
candidates on a party ballot; to refuse to vote the party
ticket in its entirety. [U. S.]
Scratch \Scratch\, v. i.
1. To use the claws or nails in tearing or in digging; to
make scratches.
Dull, tame things, . . . that will neither bite nor
scratch. --Dr. H. More.
2. (Billiards) To score, not by skillful play but by some
fortunate chance of the game. [Cant, U. S.]
Scratch \Scratch\, n.
1. A break in the surface of a thing made by scratching, or
by rubbing with anything pointed or rough; a slight wound,
mark, furrow, or incision.
The coarse file . . . makes deep scratches in the
work. --Moxon.
These nails with scratches deform my breast.
--Prior.
God forbid a shallow scratch should drive The prince
of Wales from such a field as this. --Shak.
2. (Pugilistic Matches) A line across the prize ring; up to
which boxers are brought when they join fight; hence,
test, trial, or proof of courage; as, to bring to the
scratch; to come up to the scratch. [Cant] --Grose.
3. pl. (Far.) Minute, but tender and troublesome,
excoriations, covered with scabs, upon the heels of horses
which have been used where it is very wet or muddy. --Law
(Farmer's Veter. Adviser).
4. A kind of wig covering only a portion of the head.
5. (Billiards) A shot which scores by chance and not as
intended by the player; a fluke. [Cant, U. S.]
{Scratch cradle}. See {Cratch cradle}, under {Cratch}.
{Scratch grass} (Bot.), a climbing knotweed ({Polygonum
sagittatum}) with a square stem beset with fine recurved
prickles along the angles.
{Scratch wig}. Same as {Scratch}, 4, above. --Thackeray.
Scratch \Scratch\, a.
Made, done, or happening by chance; arranged with little or
no preparation; determined by circumstances; haphazard; as, a
scratch team; a scratch crew for a boat race; a scratch shot
in billiards. [Slang]
{Scratch race}, one without restrictions regarding the
entrance of competitors; also, one for which the
competitors are chosen by lot.
Scratchback \Scratch"back`\, n.
A toy which imitates the sound of tearing cloth, -- used by
drawing it across the back of unsuspecting persons. [Eng.]
Scratchbrush \Scratch"brush`\, n.
A stiff wire brush for cleaning iron castings and other
metal.
Scratch coat \Scratch" coat`\
The first coat in plastering; -- called also {scratchwork}.
See {Pricking-up}.
Scratcher \Scratch"er\, n.
One who, or that which, scratches; specifically (Zo["o]l.),
any rasorial bird.
Scratching \Scratch"ing\, adv.
With the action of scratching.
Scratchweed \Scratch"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
Cleavers.
Scratchwork \Scratch"work`\, n.
See {Scratch coat}.
Scratchy \Scratch"y\, a.
Characterized by scratches.
Scraw \Scraw\ (skr[add]), n. [Ir. scrath a turf, sgraith a turf,
green sod; akin to Gael. sgrath, sgroth, the outer skin of
anything, a turf, a green sod.]
A turf. [Obs.] --Swift.
Scrawl \Scrawl\, v. i.
See {Crawl}. [Obs.] --Latimer.
Scrawl \Scrawl\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scrawled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scrawling}.] [Probably corrupted from scrabble.]
To draw or mark awkwardly and irregularly; to write hastily
and carelessly; to scratch; to scribble; as, to scrawl a
letter.
His name, scrawled by himself. --Macaulay.
Scrawl \Scrawl\, v. i.
To write unskillfully and inelegantly.
Though with a golden pen you scrawl. --Swift.
Scrawl \Scrawl\ (skr[add]l), n.
Unskillful or inelegant writing; that which is unskillfully
or inelegantly written.
The left hand will make such a scrawl, that it will not
be legible. --Arbuthnot.
You bid me write no more than a scrawl to you. --Gray.
Scrawler \Scrawl"er\ (-[~e]r), n.
One who scrawls; a hasty, awkward writer.
Scrawny \Scraw"ny\, a. [Cf. {Scrannel}.]
Meager; thin; rawboned; bony; scranny.
Scray \Scray\, n. [Cf. W. ysgr["a]en, ysgr["a]ell, a sea
swallow, Armor. skrav.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tern; the sea swallow. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also
{scraye}.]
Screable \Scre"a*ble\, a. [L. screare to hawk, spit out.]
Capable of being spit out. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Screak \Screak\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Screaked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Screaking}.] [Cf. Icel. skr[ae]kja to screech. Cf. {Creak},
v., {Screech}.]
To utter suddenly a sharp, shrill sound; to screech; to
creak, as a door or wheel.
Screak \Screak\, n.
A creaking; a screech; a shriek. --Bp. Bull.
Scream \Scream\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Screamed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Screaming}.] [Icel. skr[ae]ma to scare, terrify; akin to Sw.
skr["a]ma, Dan. skr[ae]mme. Cf. {Screech}.]
To cry out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, sharp
outcry, or shrill, loud cry, as in fright or extreme pain; to
shriek; to screech.
I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. --Shak.
And scream thyself as none e'er screamed before.
--Pope.
Scream \Scream\, n.
A sharp, shrill cry, uttered suddenly, as in terror or in
pain; a shriek; a screech. ``Screams of horror.'' --Pope.
Screamer \Scream"er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of three species of South American birds constituting
the family {Anhimid[ae]}, and the suborder {Palamede[ae]}.
They have two spines on each wing, and the head is either
crested or horned. They are easily tamed, and then serve as
guardians for other poultry. The crested screamers, or
chajas, belong to the genus {Chauna}. The horned screamer, or
kamichi, is {Palamedea cornuta}.
Screaming \Scream"ing\, a.
1. Uttering screams; shrieking.
2. Having the nature of a scream; like a scream; shrill;
sharp.
The fearful matrons raise a screaming cry. --Dryden.
Scree \Scree\ (skr[=e]), n.
A pebble; a stone; also, a heap of stones or rocky d['e]bris.
[Prov. Eng.] --Southey.
Screech \Screech\ (skr[=e]ch), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Screeched};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Screeching}.] [Also formerly, scritch, OE.
skriken, skrichen, schriken, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
skr[ae]kja to shriek, to screech, skr[imac]kja to titter, Sw.
skrika to shriek, Dan. skrige; also Gael. sgreach, sgreuch,
W. ysgrechio, Skr. kharj to creak. Cf. {Shriek}, v.,
{Scream}, v.]
To utter a harsh, shrill cry; to make a sharp outcry, as in
terror or acute pain; to scream; to shriek. ``The screech
owl, screeching loud.'' --Shak.
Screech \Screech\, n.
A harsh, shrill cry, as of one in acute pain or in fright; a
shriek; a scream.
{Screech bird}, or {Screech thrush} (Zo["o]l.), the
fieldfare; -- so called from its harsh cry before rain.
{Screech rain}.
{Screech hawk} (Zo["o]l.), the European goatsucker; -- so
called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]
{Screech owl}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small American owl ({Scops asio}), either gray or
reddish in color.
(b) The European barn owl. The name is applied also to other
species.
Screechers \Screech"ers\, n. pl. (Zo["o]l.)
The picarian birds, as distinguished from the singing birds.
Screechy \Screech"y\, a.
Like a screech; shrill and harsh.
Screed \Screed\ (skr[=e]d), n. [Prov. E., a shred, the border of
a cap. See {Shred}.]
1. (Arch.)
(a) A strip of plaster of the thickness proposed for the
coat, applied to the wall at intervals of four or five
feet, as a guide.
(b) A wooden straightedge used to lay across the plaster
screed, as a limit for the thickness of the coat.
2. A fragment; a portion; a shred. [Scot.]
Screed \Screed\, n. [See 1st {Screed}. For sense 2 cf. also
Gael. sgread an outcry.]
1. A breach or rent; a breaking forth into a loud, shrill
sound; as, martial screeds.
2. An harangue; a long tirade on any subject.
The old carl gae them a screed of doctrine; ye might
have heard him a mile down the wind. --Sir W.
Scott.
Screen \Screen\ (skr[=e]n), n. [OE. scren, OF. escrein, escran,
F. ['e]cran, of uncertain origin; cf. G. schirm a screen,
OHG. scirm, scerm a protection, shield, or G. schragen a
trestle, a stack of wood, or G. schranne a railing.]
1. Anything that separates or cuts off inconvenience, injury,
or danger; that which shelters or conceals from view; a
shield or protection; as, a fire screen.
Your leavy screens throw down. --Shak.
Some ambitious men seem as screens to princes in
matters of danger and envy. --Bacon.
2. (Arch.) A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain
height for separation and protection, as in a church, to
separate the aisle from the choir, or the like.
3. A surface, as that afforded by a curtain, sheet, wall,
etc., upon which an image, as a picture, is thrown by a
magic lantern, solar microscope, etc.
4. A long, coarse riddle or sieve, sometimes a revolving
perforated cylinder, used to separate the coarser from the
finer parts, as of coal, sand, gravel, and the like.
Screen \Screen\ (skr[=e]n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Screened}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Screening}.]
1. To provide with a shelter or means of concealment; to
separate or cut off from inconvenience, injury, or danger;
to shelter; to protect; to protect by hiding; to conceal;
as, fruits screened from cold winds by a forest or hill.
They were encouraged and screened by some who were
in high commands. --Macaulay.
2. To pass, as coal, gravel, ashes, etc., through a screen in
order to separate the coarse from the fine, or the
worthless from the valuable; to sift.
Screenings \Screen"ings\, n. pl.
The refuse left after screening sand, coal, ashes, etc.
Screw \Screw\ (skr[udd]), n. [OE. scrue, OF. escroue, escroe,
female screw, F. ['e]crou, L. scrobis a ditch, trench, in
LL., the hole made by swine in rooting; cf. D. schroef a
screw, G. schraube, Icel. skr[=u]fa.]
1. A cylinder, or a cylindrical perforation, having a
continuous rib, called the thread, winding round it
spirally at a constant inclination, so as to leave a
continuous spiral groove between one turn and the next, --
used chiefly for producing, when revolved, motion or
pressure in the direction of its axis, by the sliding of
the threads of the cylinder in the grooves between the
threads of the perforation adapted to it, the former being
distinguished as the external, or male screw, or, more
usually the screw; the latter as the internal, or female
screw, or, more usually, the nut.
Note: The screw, as a mechanical power, is a modification of
the inclined plane, and may be regarded as a
right-angled triangle wrapped round a cylinder, the
hypotenuse of the marking the spiral thread of the
screw, its base equaling the circumference of the
cylinder, and its height the pitch of the thread.
2. Specifically, a kind of nail with a spiral thread and a
head with a nick to receive the end of the screw-driver.
Screws are much used to hold together pieces of wood or to
fasten something; -- called also {wood screws}, and {screw
nails}. See also {Screw bolt}, below.
3. Anything shaped or acting like a screw; esp., a form of
wheel for propelling steam vessels. It is placed at the
stern, and furnished with blades having helicoidal
surfaces to act against the water in the manner of a
screw. See {Screw propeller}, below.
4. A steam vesel propelled by a screw instead of wheels; a
screw steamer; a propeller.
5. An extortioner; a sharp bargainer; a skinflint; a niggard.
--Thackeray.
6. An instructor who examines with great or unnecessary
severity; also, a searching or strict examination of a
student by an instructor. [Cant, American Colleges]
7. A small packet of tobacco. [Slang] --Mayhew.
8. An unsound or worn-out horse, useful as a hack, and
commonly of good appearance. --Ld. Lytton.
9. (Math.) A straight line in space with which a definite
linear magnitude termed the pitch is associated (cf. 5th
{Pitch}, 10
(b) ). It is used to express the displacement of a rigid
body, which may always be made to consist of a
rotation about an axis combined with a translation
parallel to that axis.
10. (Zo["o]l.) An amphipod crustacean; as, the skeleton screw
({Caprella}). See {Sand screw}, under {Sand}.
{Archimedes screw}, {Compound screw}, {Foot screw}, etc. See
under {Archimedes}, {Compound}, {Foot}, etc.
{A screw loose}, something out of order, so that work is not
done smoothly; as, there is a screw loose somewhere. --H.
Martineau.
{Endless, or perpetual, {screw}, a screw used to give motion
to a toothed wheel by the action of its threads between
the teeth of the wheel; -- called also a {worm}.
{Lag screw}. See under {Lag}.
{Micrometer screw}, a screw with fine threads, used for the
measurement of very small spaces.
{Right and left screw}, a screw having threads upon the
opposite ends which wind in opposite directions.
{Screw alley}. See {Shaft alley}, under {Shaft}.
{Screw bean}. (Bot.)
(a) The curious spirally coiled pod of a leguminous tree
({Prosopis pubescens}) growing from Texas to
California. It is used for fodder, and ground into
meal by the Indians.
(b) The tree itself. Its heavy hard wood is used for
fuel, for fencing, and for railroad ties.
{Screw bolt}, a bolt having a screw thread on its shank, in
distinction from a {key bolt}. See 1st {Bolt}, 3.
{Screw box}, a device, resembling a die, for cutting the
thread on a wooden screw.
{Screw dock}. See under {Dock}.
{Screw engine}, a marine engine for driving a screw
propeller.
{Screw gear}. See {Spiral gear}, under {Spiral}.
{Screw jack}. Same as {Jackscrew}.
{Screw key}, a wrench for turning a screw or nut; a spanner
wrench.
{Screw machine}.
(a) One of a series of machines employed in the
manufacture of wood screws.
(b) A machine tool resembling a lathe, having a number of
cutting tools that can be caused to act on the work
successively, for making screws and other turned
pieces from metal rods.
{Screw pine} (Bot.), any plant of the endogenous genus
{Pandanus}, of which there are about fifty species,
natives of tropical lands from Africa to Polynesia; --
named from the spiral arrangement of the pineapple-like
leaves.
{Screw plate}, a device for cutting threads on small screws,
consisting of a thin steel plate having a series of
perforations with internal screws forming dies.
{Screw press}, a press in which pressure is exerted by means
of a screw.
{Screw propeller}, a screw or spiral bladed wheel, used in
the propulsion of steam vessels; also, a steam vessel
propelled by a screw.
{Screw shell} (Zo["o]l.), a long, slender, spiral gastropod
shell, especially of the genus Turritella and allied
genera. See {Turritella}.
{Screw steamer}, a steamship propelled by a screw.
{Screw thread}, the spiral rib which forms a screw.
{Screw stone} (Paleon.), the fossil stem of an encrinite.
{Screw tree} (Bot.), any plant of the genus {Helicteres},
consisting of about thirty species of tropical shrubs,
with simple leaves and spirally twisted, five-celled
capsules; -- also called {twisted-horn}, and {twisty}.
{Screw valve}, a stop valve which is opened or closed by a
screw.
{Screw worm} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of an American fly
({Compsomyia macellaria}), allied to the blowflies, which
sometimes deposits its eggs in the nostrils, or about
wounds, in man and other animals, with fatal results.
{Screw wrench}.
(a) A wrench for turning a screw.
(b) A wrench with an adjustable jaw that is moved by a
screw.
{To put the} {screw, or screws}, {on}, to use pressure upon,
as for the purpose of extortion; to coerce.
{To put under the} {screw or screws}, to subject to pressure;
to force.
{Wood screw}, a metal screw with a sharp thread of coarse
pitch, adapted to holding fast in wood. See Illust. of
{Wood screw}, under {Wood}.
Screw \Screw\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Screwed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Screwing}.]
1. To turn, as a screw; to apply a screw to; to press,
fasten, or make firm, by means of a screw or screws; as,
to screw a lock on a door; to screw a press.
2. To force; to squeeze; to press, as by screws.
But screw your courage to the sticking place, And
we'll not fail. --Shak.
3. Hence: To practice extortion upon; to oppress by
unreasonable or extortionate exactions.
Our country landlords, by unmeasurable screwing and
racking their tenants, have already reduced the
miserable people to a worse condition than the
peasants in France. --swift.
4. To twist; to distort; as, to screw his visage.
He screwed his face into a hardened smile. --Dryden.
5. To examine rigidly, as a student; to subject to a severe
examination. [Cant, American Colleges]
{To screw out}, to press out; to extort.
{To screw up}, to force; to bring by violent pressure.
--Howell.
{To screw in}, to force in by turning or twisting.
Screw \Screw\, v. i.
1. To use violent mans in making exactions; to be oppressive
or exacting. --Howitt.
2. To turn one's self uneasily with a twisting motion; as, he
screws about in his chair.
Screw-cutting \Screw"-cut`ting\, a.
Adapted for forming a screw by cutting; as, a screw-cutting
lathe.
Screw-driver \Screw"-driv`er\, n.
A tool for turning screws so as to drive them into their
place. It has a thin end which enters the nick in the head of
the screw.
Screwer \Screw"er\, n.
One who, or that which, screws.
Screwing \Screw"ing\,
a. & n. from {Screw}, v. t.
{Screwing machine}. See {Screw machine}, under {Screw}.
Scribable \Scrib"a*ble\, a. [See {Scribe}.]
Capable of being written, or of being written upon. [R.]
Scribatious \Scri*ba"tious\, a. [See {Scribe}.]
Skillful in, or fond of, writing. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Scribbet \Scrib"bet\, n.
A painter's pencil.
Scribble \Scrib"ble\, v. t. [Cf. {Scrabble}.] (Woolen Manuf.)
To card coarsely; to run through the scribbling machine.
Scribble \Scrib"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scribbled} (-b'ld);
p. pr. & vb. n. {Scribbling} (-bl[i^]ng).] [From {Scribe}.]
1. To write hastily or carelessly, without regard to
correctness or elegance; as, to scribble a letter.
2. To fill or cover with careless or worthless writing.
Scribble \Scrib"ble\, v. i.
To write without care, elegance, or value; to scrawl.
If M[ae]vius scribble in Apollo's spite. --Pope.
Scribble \Scrib"ble\, n.
Hasty or careless writing; a writing of little value; a
scrawl; as, a hasty scribble. --Boyle.
Neither did I but vacant seasons spend In this my
scribble. --Bunyan.
Scribblement \Scrib"ble*ment\, n.
A scribble. [R.] --Foster.
Scribbler \Scrib"bler\, n.
One who scribbles; a petty author; a writer of no reputation;
a literary hack.
The scribbler, pinched with hunger, writes to dine.
--Granville.
Scribbler \Scrib"bler\, n.
A scribbling machine.
Scribbling \Scrib"bling\, n. [See 1st {Scribble}.]
The act or process of carding coarsely.
{Scribbling machine}, the machine used for the first carding
of wool or other fiber; -- called also {scribbler}.
Scribbling \Scrib"bling\, a.
Writing hastily or poorly.
Ye newspaper witlings! ye pert scribbling folks!
--Goldsmith.
Scribbling \Scrib"bling\, n.
The act of writing hastily or idly.
Scribblingly \Scrib"bling*ly\, adv.
In a scribbling manner.
Scribe \Scribe\ (skr[imac]b), n. [L. scriba, fr. scribere to
write; cf. Gr. ska`rifos a splinter, pencil, style (for
writing), E. scarify. Cf. {Ascribe}, {Describe}, {Script},
{Scrivener}, {Scrutoire}.]
1. One who writes; a draughtsman; a writer for another;
especially, an offical or public writer; an amanuensis or
secretary; a notary; a copyist.
2. (Jewish Hist.) A writer and doctor of the law; one skilled
in the law and traditions; one who read and explained the
law to the people.
Scribe \Scribe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scribed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scribing}.]
1. To write, engrave, or mark upon; to inscribe. --Spenser.
2. (Carp.) To cut (anything) in such a way as to fit closely
to a somewhat irregular surface, as a baseboard to a floor
which is out of level, a board to the curves of a molding,
or the like; -- so called because the workman marks, or
scribe, with the compasses the line that he afterwards
cuts.
3. To score or mark with compasses or a scribing iron.
{Scribing iron}, an iron-pointed instrument for scribing, or
marking, casks and logs.
Scribe \Scribe\, v. i.
To make a mark.
With the separated points of a pair of spring dividers
scribe around the edge of the templet. --A. M. Mayer.
Scriber \Scrib"er\, n.
A sharp-pointed tool, used by joiners for drawing lines on
stuff; a marking awl.
Scribism \Scrib"ism\, n.
The character and opinions of a Jewish scribe in the time of
Christ. --F. W. Robertson.
Scrid \Scrid\, n.
A screed; a shred; a fragment. [R.]
Scriggle \Scrig"gle\, v. i.
To wriggle. [Prov. Eng.]
Scrim \Scrim\, n.
1. A kind of light cotton or linen fabric, often woven in
openwork patterns, -- used for curtains, etc,; -- called
also {India scrim}.
2. pl. Thin canvas glued on the inside of panels to prevent
shrinking, checking, etc.
Scrimer \Scri"mer\, n. [F. escrimeur. See {Skirmish}.]
A fencing master. [Obs.] --Shak.
Scrimmage \Scrim"mage\ (?; 48), n. [A corruption of skirmish.
``Sore scrymmishe.'' --Ld. Berners.]] [Written also
{scrummage}.]
1. Formerly, a skirmish; now, a general row or confused fight
or struggle.
2. (Football) The struggle in the rush lines after the ball
is put in play.
Scrimp \Scrimp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scrimped} (?; 215); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Scrimping}.] [Cf. Dan. skrumpe, G. schrumpfen, D.
krimpen. Cf. {Shrimp}, {Shrine}.]
To make too small or short; to limit or straiten; to put on
short allowance; to scant; to contract; to shorten; as, to
scrimp the pattern of a coat.
Scrimp \Scrimp\, a.
Short; scanty; curtailed.
Scrimp \Scrimp\, n.
A pinching miser; a niggard. [U.S.]
Scrimping \Scrimp"ing\,
a. & n. from {Scrimp}, v. t.
{Scrimping bar}, a device used in connection with a calico
printing machine for stretching the fabric breadthwise so
that it may be smooth for printing. --Knight.
Scrimpingly \Scrimp"ing*ly\, adv.
In a scrimping manner.
Scrimpness \Scrimp"ness\, n.
The state of being scrimp.
Scrimption \Scrimp"tion\, n.
A small portion; a pittance; a little bit. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Scrimshaw \Scrim"shaw`\, v. t.
To ornament, as shells, ivory, etc., by engraving, and
(usually) rubbing pigments into the incised lines. [Sailor's
cant. U.S.]
Scrimshaw \Scrim"shaw`\, n.
A shell, a whale's tooth, or the like, that is scrimshawed.
[Sailor's cant, U.S.]
Scrine \Scrine\, n. [L. scrinium a case for books, letters,
etc.: cf. OF. escrin, F. ['e]crin. See {Shrine}.]
A chest, bookcase, or other place, where writings or
curiosities are deposited; a shrine. [Obs.]
But laid them up in immortial scrine. --Spenser.
Scrine \Scrine\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scringed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scringing}.] [Cf. {Cringe}.]
To cringe. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Scrip \Scrip\, n. [OE. scrippe, probably of Scand. origin; cf.
Icel. & OSw. skreppa, and also LL. scrippum, OF. esquerpe,
escrepe, F. ['e]charpe scarf. Cf. {Scarp}, {Scarf} a piece of
dress.]
A small bag; a wallet; a satchel. [Archaic] --Chaucer.
And in requital ope his leathern scrip. --Milton.
Scrip \Scrip\, n. [From script.]
1. A small writing, certificate, or schedule; a piece of
paper containing a writing.
Call them generally, man by man, according to the
scrip. --Shak.
Bills of exchange can not pay our debts abroad, till
scrips of paper can be made current coin. --Locke.
2. A preliminary certificate of a subscription to the capital
of a bank, railroad, or other company, or for a share of
other joint property, or a loan, stating the amount of the
subscription and the date of the payment of the
installments; as, insurance scrip, consol scrip, etc. When
all the installments are paid, the scrip is exchanged for
a bond share certificate.
3. Paper fractional currency. [Colloq.U.S.]
Scrippage \Scrip"page\ (?; 48), n.
The contents of a scrip, or wallet. [Obs.] --Shak.
Script \Script\, n. [OE. scrit, L. scriptum something written,
fr. scribere, scriptum to write: cf. OF. escript, ?scrit, F.
['e]crit. See {Scribe}, and cf. {Scrip} a writing.]
1. A writing; a written document. [Obs.] --aucer.
2. (Print.) Type made in imitation of handwriting.
3. (Law) An original instrument or document.
4. Written characters; style of writing.
Scriptorium \Scrip*to"ri*um\, n.; pl. {Scriptoria}. [LL. See
{Scriptory}.]
In an abbey or monastery, the room set apart for writing or
copying manuscripts; in general, a room devoted to writing.
Writing rooms, or scriptoria, where the chief works of
Latin literature . . . were copied and illuminated.
--J. R. Green.
Scriptory \Scrip"to*ry\, a. [L. scriptorius, fr. scribere,
scriptum to write.]
Of or pertaining to writing; expressed in writing; used in
writing; as, scriptory wills; a scriptory reed. [R.] --Swift.
Scriptural \Scrip"tur*al\ (?; 135), a.
Contained in the Scriptures; according to the Scriptures, or
sacred oracles; biblical; as, a scriptural doctrine.
Scripturalism \Scrip"tur*al*ism\, n.
The quality or state of being scriptural; literal adherence
to the Scriptures.
Scripturalist \Scrip"tur*al*ist\, n.
One who adheres literally to the Scriptures.
Scripturally \Scrip"tur*al*ly\, adv.
In a scriptural manner.
Scripturalness \Scrip"tur*al*ness\, n.
Quality of being scriptural.
Scripture \Scrip"ture\ (?; 135), n. [L. scriptura, fr. scribere,
scriptum, to write: cf. OF. escripture, escriture, F.
['e]criture. See {Scribe}.]
1. Anything written; a writing; a document; an inscription.
I have put it in scripture and in remembrance.
--Chaucer.
Then the Lord of Manny read the scripture on the
tomb, the which was in Latin. --Ld. Berners.
2. The books of the Old and the new Testament, or of either
of them; the Bible; -- used by way of eminence or
distinction, and chiefly in the plural.
There is not any action a man ought to do, or to
forbear, but the Scripture will give him a clear
precept or prohibition for it. --South.
Compared with the knowledge which the Scripteres
contain, every other subject of human inquiry is
vanity. --Buckminster.
3. A passage from the Bible;; a text.
The devil can eite Scripture for his purpose.
--Shak.
Hanging by the twined thread of one doubtful
Scripture. --Milton.
Scripturian \Scrip*tu"ri*an\, n.
A Scripturist. [Obs.]
Scripturist \Scrip"tur*ist\ (?; 135), n.
One who is strongly attached to, or versed in, the
Scriptures, or who endeavors to regulate his life by them.
The Puritan was a Scripturist with all his heart, if as
yet with imperfect intelligence . . . he cherished the
scheme of looking to the Word of God as his sole and
universal directory. --Palfrey.
Scrit \Scrit\, n. [See {Script}.]
Writing; document; scroll. [Obs.] ``Of every scrit and
bond.'' --Chaucer.
Scritch \Scritch\, n.
A screech. [R.]
Perhaps it is the owlet's scritch. --Coleridge.
Scrivener \Scrive"ner\ (? or ?), n. [From older scrivein, OF.
escrivain, F. ['e]crivain, LL. scribanus, from L. scribere to
write. See {Scribe}.]
1. A professional writer; one whose occupation is to draw
contracts or prepare writings. --Shak.
The writer better scrivener than clerk. --Fuller.
2. One whose business is to place money at interest; a
broker. [Obs.] --ryden.
3. A writing master. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
{Scrivener's palsy}. See {Writer's cramp}, under {Writer}.
Scrobicula \Scro*bic"u*la\, n.; pl. {Scrobicul[ae]}. [NL. See
{Scrobiculate}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the smooth areas surrounding the tubercles of a sea
urchin.
Scrobicular \Scro*bic"u*lar\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, or surrounding, scrobicul[ae]; as, scrobicular
tubercles.
Scrobiculate \Scro*bic"u*late\, Scrobiculated
\Scro*bic"u*la`ted\, a. [L. scrobiculus, dim. of scrobis a ditch
or trench.] (Bot.)
Having numerous small, shallow depressions or hollows;
pitted.
Scrod \Scrod\, Scrode \Scrode\, n.
A young codfish, especially when cut open on the back and
dressed. [Written also {escrod}.] [Local, U.S.]
Scroddled ware \Scrod"dled ware`\
Mottled pottery made from scraps of differently colored
clays.
Scrofula \Scrof"u*la\, n. [L. scrofulae, fr. scrofa a breeding
sow, because swine were supposed to be subject to such a
complaint, or by a fanciful comparison of the glandular
swellings to little pigs; perhaps akin to Gr. ? an old sow:
cf. F. scrofules. Cf. {Scroyle}.] (Med.)
A constitutional disease, generally hereditary, especially
manifested by chronic enlargement and cheesy degeneration of
the lymphatic glands, particularly those of the neck, and
marked by a tendency to the development of chronic
intractable inflammations of the skin, mucous membrane,
bones, joints, and other parts, and by a diminution in the
power of resistance to disease or injury and the capacity for
recovery. Scrofula is now generally held to be tuberculous in
character, and may develop into general or local tuberculosis
(consumption).
Scrofulide \Scrof"u*lide\ (? or ?), n. (Med.)
Any affection of the skin dependent on scrofula.
Scrofulous \Scrof"u*lous\, a. [Cf. F. scrofuleux.]
1. Pertaining to scrofula, or partaking of its nature; as,
scrofulous tumors; a scrofulous habit of body.
2. Diseased or affected with scrofula.
Scrofulous persons can never be duly nourished.
--Arbuthnot.
-- {Scorf"u*lous*ly}, adv. -- {Scrof"u*lous*ness}, n.
Scrog \Scrog\, n. [Cf. {Scrag}, or Gael. sgrogag anything
shriveled, from sgrag to compress, shrivel.]
A stunted shrub, bush, or branch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Scroggy \Scrog"gy\, a.
Abounding in scrog; also, twisted; stunted. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] --Halliwell.
Scroll \Scroll\, n. [A dim. of OE. scroue, scrowe (whence E.
escrow), OF. escroe, escroue, F. ['e]crou entry in the jail
book, LL. scroa scroll, probably of Teutonic origin; cf. OD.
schroode a strip, shred, slip of paper, akin to E. shred. Cf.
{Shred}, {Escrow}.]
1. A roll of paper or parchment; a writing formed into a
roll; a schedule; a list.
The heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll.
--Isa. xxxiv.
4.
Here is the scroll of every man's name. --Shak.
2. (Arch.) An ornament formed of undulations giving off
spirals or sprays, usually suggestive of plant form. Roman
architectural ornament is largely of some scroll pattern.
3. A mark or flourish added to a person's signature, intended
to represent a seal, and in some States allowed as a
substitute for a seal. [U.S.] --Burrill.
4. (Geom.) Same as {Skew surface}. See under {Skew}.
{Linen scroll} (Arch.) See under {Linen}.
{Scroll chuck} (Mach.), an adjustable chuck, applicable to a
lathe spindle, for centering and holding work, in which
the jaws are adjusted and tightened simultaneously by
turning a disk having in its face a spiral groove which is
entered by teeth on the backs of the jaws.
{Scroll saw}. See under {Saw}.
Scrolled \Scrolled\, a.
Formed like a scroll; contained in a scroll; adorned with
scrolls; as, scrolled work.
Scrophularia \Scroph`u*la"ri*a\, n. [NL. So called because it
was reputed to be remedy for scrofula.] (Bot.)
A genus of coarse herbs having small flowers in panicled
cymes; figwort.
Scrophulariaceous \Scroph`u*la`ri*a"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of
gamopetalous plants ({Scrophulariace[ae]}, or
{Scrophularine[ae]}), usually having irregular didynamous
flowers and a two-celled pod. The order includes the mullein,
foxglove, snapdragon, figwort, painted cup, yellow rattle,
and some exotic trees, as the Paulownia.
Scrotal \Scro"tal\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the scrotum; as, scrotal hernia.
Scrotiform \Scro"ti*form\, a. [L. scrotum scrotum + -form.]
Purse-shaped; pouch-shaped.
Scrotocele \Scro"to*cele\, n. [Scrotum + Gr. ? a tumor.: cf. F.
scrotoc['e]le.] (Med.)
A rupture or hernia in the scrotum; scrotal hernia.
Scrotum \Scro"tum\, n. [L.] (Anat.)
The bag or pouch which contains the testicles; the cod.
Scrouge \Scrouge\, v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To crowd; to squeeze. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Scrow \Scrow\ (? or ?), n. [See {Escrow}, {Scroll}.]
1. A scroll. [Obs.] --Palsgrave.
2. A clipping from skins; a currier's cuttings.
Scroyle \Scroyle\ (skroil), n. [Cf. OF. escrouselle a kind of
vermin, escrouelles, pl., scrofula, F. ['e]crouelles, fr.
(assumed) LL. scrofulae. See {Scrofula}, and cf. {Cruels}.]
A mean fellow; a wretch. [Obs.] --hak.
Scrub \Scrub\ (skr[u^]b), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scrubbed}
(skr[u^]bd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Scrubbing}.] [OE. scrobben,
probably of Dutch or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. sckrubbe, Sw.
skrubba, D. schrobben, LG. schrubben.]
To rub hard; to wash with rubbing; usually, to rub with a wet
brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose of
cleaning or brightening; as, to scrub a floor, a doorplate.
Scrub \Scrub\, v. i.
To rub anything hard, especially with a wet brush; to scour;
hence, to be diligent and penurious; as, to scrub hard for a
living.
Scrub \Scrub\, n.
1. One who labors hard and lives meanly; a mean fellow. ``A
sorry scrub.'' --Bunyan.
We should go there in as proper a manner possible;
nor altogether like the scrubs about us.
--Goldsmith.
2. Something small and mean.
3. A worn-out brush. --Ainsworth.
4. A thicket or jungle, often specified by the name of the
prevailing plant; as, oak scrub, palmetto scrub, etc.
5. (Stock Breeding) One of the common live stock of a region
of no particular breed or not of pure breed, esp. when
inferior in size, etc. [U.S.]
{Scrub bird} (Zo["o]l.), an Australian passerine bird of the
family {Atrichornithid[ae]}, as {Atrichia clamosa}; --
called also {brush bird}.
{Scrub oak} (Bot.), the popular name of several dwarfish
species of oak. The scrub oak of New England and the
Middle States is {Quercus ilicifolia}, a scraggy shrub;
that of the Southern States is a small tree ({Q.
Catesb[ae]i}); that of the Rocky Mountain region is {Q.
undulata}, var. Gambelii.
{Scrub robin} (Zo["o]l.), an Australian singing bird of the
genus {Drymodes}.
Scrub \Scrub\, a.
Mean; dirty; contemptible; scrubby.
How solitary, how scrub, does this town look!
--Walpole.
No little scrub joint shall come on my board. --Swift.
{Scrub game}, a game, as of ball, by unpracticed players.
{Scrub race}, a race between scrubs, or between untrained
animals or contestants.
Scrubbed \Scrub"bed\, a.
Dwarfed or stunted; scrubby.
Scrubber \Scrub"ber\, n.
1. One who, or that which, scrubs; esp., a brush used in
scrubbing.
2. (Gas Manuf.) A gas washer. See under {Gas}.
Scrubboard \Scrub"board`\, n.
A baseboard; a mopboard.
Scrubby \Scrub"by\, a. [Compar. {Scrubbier}; superl.
{Scrubbiest}.]
Of the nature of scrub; small and mean; stunted in growth;
as, a scrubby cur. ``Dense, scrubby woods.'' --Duke of
Argull.
Scrubstone \Scrub"stone`\, n.
A species of calciferous sandstone. [Prov. Eng.]
Scruff \Scruff\, n. [See {Scurf}.]
Scurf. [Obs.]
Scruff \Scruff\, n. [Cf. {Scuff}.]
The nape of the neck; the loose outside skin, as of the back
of the neck.
Scrummage \Scrum"mage\ (?; 43), n.
See {Scrimmage}.
Scrumptious \Scrump"tious\, a.
Nice; particular; fastidious; excellent; fine. [Slang]
Scrunch \Scrunch\, v. t. & v. i. [Cf. {Scranch}, {Crunch}.]
To scranch; to crunch. --Dickens.
Scruple \Scru"ple\, n. [L. scrupulus a small sharp or pointed
stone, the twenty-fourth part of an ounce, a scruple,
uneasiness, doubt, dim. of scrupus a rough or sharp stone,
anxiety, uneasiness; perh. akin to Gr. ? the chippings of
stone, ? a razor, Skr. kshura: cf. F. scrupule.]
1. A weight of twenty grains; the third part of a dram.
2. Hence, a very small quantity; a particle.
I will not bate thee a scruple. --Shak.
3. Hesitation as to action from the difficulty of determining
what is right or expedient; unwillingness, doubt, or
hesitation proceeding from motives of conscience.
He was made miserable by the conflict between his
tastes and his scruples. --Macaulay.
{To make scruple}, to hesitate from conscientious motives; to
scruple. --Locke.
Scruple \Scru"ple\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scrupled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Skrupling}.]
To be reluctant or to hesitate, as regards an action, on
account of considerations of conscience or expedience.
We are often over-precise, scrupling to say or do those
things which lawfully we may. --Fuller.
Men scruple at the lawfulness of a set form of divine
worship. --South.
Scruple \Scru"ple\, v. t.
1. To regard with suspicion; to hesitate at; to question.
Others long before them . . . scrupled more the
books of hereties than of gentiles. --Milton.
2. To excite scruples in; to cause to scruple. [R.]
Letters which did still scruple many of them. --E.
Symmons.
Scrupler \Scru"pler\, n.
One who scruples.
Scrupulist \Scru"pu*list\, n.
A scrupler. [Obs.]
Scruou-lize \Scru"ou-lize\, v. t.
To perplex with scruples; to regard with scruples. [Obs.]
--Bp. Montagu.
Scrupulosity \Scru`pu*los"i*ty\, n. [L. scrupulositas.]
The quality or state of being scruppulous; doubt;
doubtfulness respecting decision or action; caution or
tenderness from the far of doing wrong or ofending; nice
regard to exactness and propierty; precision.
The first sacrilege is looked on with horror; but when
they have made the breach, their scrupulosity soon
retires. --Dr. H. More.
Careful, even to scrupulosity, . . . to keep their
Sabbath. --South.
Scrupulous \Scru"pu*lous\, a. [L. scrupulosus: cf. F.
scrupuleux.]
1. Full ofscrupules; inclined to scruple; nicely doubtful;
hesitating to determine or to act, from a fear of
offending or of doing wrong.
Abusing their liberty, to the offense of their weak
brethren which were scrupulous. --Hooker.
2. Careful; cautious; exact; nice; as, scrupulous abstinence
from labor; scrupulous performance of duties.
3. Given to making objections; captious. [Obs.]
Equality of two domestic powers Breed scrupulous
faction. --Shak.
4. Liable to be doubted; doubtful; nice. [Obs.]
The justice of that cause ought to be evident; not
obscrure, not scrupulous. --Bacon.
Syn: Cautious; careful; conscientious; hesitating. --
{Scru"pu*lous*ly}, adv. -- {Scru"pu*lous*ness}, n.
Scrutable \Scru"ta*ble\, a.
Discoverable by scrutiny, inquiry, or critical examination.
[R.] --r. H. More.
Scrutation \Scru*ta"tion\, n. [L. scrutatio.]
Search; scrutiny. [Obs.]
Scrutator \Scru*ta"tor\, n. [L.]
One who scrutinizes; a close examiner or inquirer. --Ayliffe.
Scrutineer \Scru`ti*neer\, n.
A scrutinizer; specifically, an examiner of votes, as at an
election.
Scrutinize \Scru"ti*nize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scrutinized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Scrutinizing}.] [From {Scrutiny}.]
To examine closely; to inspect or observe with critical
attention; to regard narrowly; as, to scrutinize the measures
of administration; to scrutinize the conduct or motives of
individuals.
Whose votes they were obliged to scrutinize. --Ayliffe.
Those pronounced him youngest who scrutinized his face
the closest. --G. W. Cable.
Scrutinize \Scru"ti*nize\, v. i.
To make scrutiny.
Scrutinizer \Scru"ti*ni`zer\, n.
One who scrutinizes.
Scrutinous \Scru"ti*nous\, a.
Closely examining, or inquiring; careful; sctrict. --
{Scru"ti*nous*ly}, adv.
Scrutiny \Scru"ti*ny\, n. [L. scrutinium, fr. scrutari to search
carefuly, originally, to search even to the rags, fr. scruta
trash, trumpery; perhaps akin to E. shred: cf. AS. scrudnian
to make scrutiny.]
1. Close examination; minute inspection; critical
observation.
They that have designed exactness and deep scrutiny
have taken some one part of nature. --Sir M. Hale.
Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view And
narrower scrutiny. --Milton.
2. (Anc. Church) An examination of catechumens, in the last
week of Lent, who were to receive baptism on Easter Day.
3. (Canon Law) A ticket, or little paper billet, on which a
vote is written.
4. (Parliamentary Practice) An examination by a committee of
the votes given at an election, for the purpose of
correcting the poll. --Brande & C.
Scrutiny \Scru"ti*ny\, v. t.
To scrutinize. [Obs.]
Scrutoire \Scru*toire"\, n. [OF. escritoire. See {Escritoire}.]
A escritoire; a writing desk.
Scruze \Scruze\, v. t. [Cf. {Excruciate}.]
To squeeze, compress, crush, or bruise. [Obs. or Low]
--Spenser.
Scry \Scry\, v. t.
To descry. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Scry \Scry\, n. [From {Scry}, v.]
A flock of wild fowl.
Scry \Scry\, n. [OE. ascrie, fr. ascrien to cry out, fr. OF.
escrier, F. s'['e]crier. See {Ex}-, and {Cry}.]
A cry or shout. [Obs.] --Ld. Berners.
Scud \Scud\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scudded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scudding}.] [Dan. skyde to shoot, shove, push, akin to skud
shot, gunshot, a shoot, young bough, and to E. shoot.
[root]159. See {Shoot}.]
1. To move swiftly; especially, to move as if driven forward
by something.
The first nautilus that scudded upon the glassy
surface of warm primeval oceans. --I. Taylor.
The wind was high; the vast white clouds scudded
over the blue heaven. --Beaconsfield.
2. (Naut.) To be driven swiftly, or to run, before a gale,
with little or no sail spread.
Scud \Scud\, v. t.
To pass over quickly. [R.] --Shenstone.
Scud \Scud\, n.
1. The act of scudding; a driving along; a rushing with
precipitation.
2. Loose, vapory clouds driven swiftly by the wind.
Borne on the scud of the sea. --Longfellow.
The scud was flying fast above us, throwing a veil
over the moon. --Sir S.
Baker.
3. A slight, sudden shower. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
4. (Zo["o]l.) A small flight of larks, or other birds, less
than a flock. [Prov. Eng.]
5. (Zo["o]l.) Any swimming amphipod crustacean.
{Storm scud}. See the Note under {Cloud}.
Scuddle \Scud"dle\, v. i. [Freq. of scud: cf. {Scuttle} to
hurry.]
To run hastily; to hurry; to scuttle.
Scudo \Scu"do\, n.; pl. {Scudi}. [It., a crown, a dollar, a
shield, fr. L. scutum a shield. Cf. {Scute}.] (Com.)
(a) A silver coin, and money of account, used in Italy and
Sicily, varying in value, in different parts, but worth
about 4 shillings sterling, or about 96 cents; also, a
gold coin worth about the same.
(b) A gold coin of Rome, worth 64 shillings 11 pence
sterling, or about $ 15.70.
Scuff \Scuff\, n. [Cf. D. schoft shoulder, Goth. skuft hair of
the head. Cf. {Scruff}.]
The back part of the neck; the scruff. [Prov. Eng.] --Ld.
Lytton.
Scuff \Scuff\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scuffed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scuffing}.] [See {Scuffle}.]
To walk without lifting the feet; to proceed with a scraping
or dragging movement; to shuffle.
Scuffle \Scuf"fle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Scuffled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Scuffling}.] [Freq. of scuff, v.i.; cf. Sw. skuffa to
push, shove, skuff a push, Dan. skuffe a drawer, a shovel,
and E. shuffle, shove. See {Shove}, and cf. {Shuffle}.]
1. To strive or struggle with a close grapple; to wrestle in
a rough fashion.
2. Hence, to strive or contend tumultuously; to struggle
confusedly or at haphazard.
A gallant man had rather fight to great disadvantage
in the field, in an orderly way, than scuffle with
an undisciplined rabble. --Eikon
Basilike.
Scuffle \Scuf"fle\, n.
1. A rough, haphazard struggle, or trial of strength; a
disorderly wrestling at close quarters.
2. Hence, a confused contest; a tumultuous struggle for
superiority; a fight.
The dog leaps upon the serpent, and tears it to
pieces; but in the scuffle the cradle happened to be
overturned. --L'Estrange.
3. A child's pinafore or bib. [Prov. Eng.]
4. A garden hoe. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Scuffler \Scuf"fler\, n.
1. One who scuffles.
2. An agricultural implement resembling a scarifier, but
usually lighter.
Scug \Scug\, v. i. [Cf. Dan. skugge to darken, a shade, SW.
skugga to shade, a shade, Icel. skuggja to shade, skuggi a
shade.]
To hide. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Scug \Scug\, n.
A place of shelter; the declivity of a hill. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Sculk \Sculk\, Sculker \Sculk"er\
See {Skulk}, {Skulker}.
Scull \Scull\, n. (Anat.)
The skull. [Obs.]
Scull \Scull\, n. [See 1st {School}.]
A shoal of fish. --Milton.
Scull \Scull\, n. [Of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. skola to
wash.]
1. (Naut.)
(a) A boat; a cockboat. See {Sculler}.
(b) One of a pair of short oars worked by one person.
(c) A single oar used at the stern in propelling a boat.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The common skua gull. [Prov. Eng.]
Scull \Scull\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sculled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sculling}.] (Naut.)
To impel (a boat) with a pair of sculls, or with a single
scull or oar worked over the stern obliquely from side to
side.
Scull \Scull\, v. i.
To impel a boat with a scull or sculls.
Sculler \Scull"er\, n.
1. A boat rowed by one man with two sculls, or short oars.
[R.] --Dryden.
2. One who sculls.
Scullery \Scul"ler*y\, n.; pl. {Sculleries}. [Probably
originally, a place for washing dishes, and for swillery, fr.
OE. swilen to wash, AS. swilian (see {Swill} to wash, to
drink), but influenced either by Icel. skola, skyla, Dan.
skylle, or by OF. escuelier a place for keeping dishes, fr.
escuele a dish, F. ['e]cuelle, fr. L. scutella a salver,
waiter (cf. {Scuttle} a basket); or perhaps the English word
is immediately from the OF. escuelier; cf. OE. squyllare a
dishwasher.]
1. A place where dishes, kettles, and culinary utensils, are
cleaned and kept; also, a room attached to the kitchen,
where the coarse work is done; a back kitchen.
2. Hence, refuse; filth; offal. [Obs.] --Gauden.
Scullion \Scul"lion\, n. (Bot.)
A scalion.
Scullion \Scul"lion\, n. [OF. escouillon (Cot.) a dishclout,
apparently for escouvillon, F. ['e]couvillon a swab; cf. also
OF. souillon a servant employed for base offices. Cf.
{Scovel}.]
A servant who cleans pots and kettles, and does other menial
services in the kitchen.
The meanest scullion that followed his camp. --South.
Scullionly \Scul"lion*ly\, a.
Like a scullion; base. [Obs.] --Milton.
Sculp \Sculp\, v. t. [See {Sculptor}.]
To sculpture; to carve; to engrave. [Obs. or Humorous.]
--Sandys.
Sculpin \Scul"pin\, n. [Written also skulpin.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of marine cottoid fishes of
the genus {Cottus}, or {Acanthocottus}, having a large
head armed with sharp spines, and a broad mouth. They are
generally mottled with yellow, brown, and black. Several
species are found on the Atlantic coasts of Europe and
America.
(b) A large cottoid market fish of California
({Scorp[ae]nichthys marmoratus}); -- called also
{bighead}, {cabezon}, {scorpion}, {salpa}.
(c) The dragonet, or yellow sculpin, of Europe ({Callionymus
lura}).
Note: The name is also applied to other related California
species.
{Deep-water sculpin}, the sea raven.
Sculptile \Sculp"tile\, a. [L. sculptilis. See Sculptor.]
Formed by carving; graven; as, sculptile images. [Obs.] --Sir
T. Browne.
Sculptor \Sculp"tor\, n. [L. sculptor, fr. sculpere, sculptum,
to carve; cf. scalpere to cut, carve, scratch, and Gr. ? to
carve: cf. F. sculpteur.]
1. One who sculptures; one whose occupation is to carve
statues, or works of sculpture.
2. Hence, an artist who designs works of sculpture, his first
studies and his finished model being usually in a plastic
material, from which model the marble is cut, or the
bronze is cast.
Sculptress \Sculp"tress\, n.
A female sculptor.
Sculptural \Sculp"tur*al\ (?; 135), a.
Of or pertaining to sculpture. --G. Eliot.
Sculpture \Sculp"ture\ (?; 135), n. [L. sculptura: cf. F.
sculpture.]
1. The art of carving, cutting, or hewing wood, stone, metal,
etc., into statues, ornaments, etc., or into figures, as
of men, or other things; hence, the art of producing
figures and groups, whether in plastic or hard materials.
2. Carved work modeled of, or cut upon, wood, stone, metal,
etc.
There, too, in living sculpture, might be seen The
mad affection of the Cretan queen. --Dryden.
Sculpture \Sculp"ture\ (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Sculptured}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Sculpturing}.]
To form with the chisel on, in, or from, wood, stone, or
metal; to carve; to engrave.
{Sculptured tortoise} (Zo["o]l.), a common North American
wood tortoise ({Glyptemys insculpta}). The shell is marked
with strong grooving and ridges which resemble sculptured
figures.
Sculpturesque \Sculp`tur*esque"\, a.
After the manner of sculpture; resembling, or relating to,
sculpture.
Scum \Scum\, n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. skum, Icel.
sk?m, LG. schum, D. schuim, OHG. sc?m, G. schaum; probably
from a root meaning, to cover. [root]158. Cf. {Hide} skin,
{Meerschaum}, {Skim}, v., {Sky}.]
1. The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the
surface of liquids in boiling or fermentation, or which
form on the surface by other means; also, the scoria of
metals in a molten state; dross.
Some to remove the scum it did rise. --Spenser.
2. refuse; recrement; anything vile or worthless.
The great and innocent are insulted by the scum and
refuse of the people. --Addison.
Scum \Scum\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scummed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scumming}.]
1. To take the scum from; to clear off the impure matter from
the surface of; to skim.
You that scum the molten lead. --Dryden &
Lee.
2. To sweep or range over the surface of. [Obs.]
Wandering up and down without certain seat, they
lived by scumming those seas and shores as pirates.
--Milton.
Scum \Scum\, v. i.
To form a scum; to become covered with scum. Also used
figuratively.
Life, and the interest of life, have stagnated and
scummed over. --A. K. H.
Boyd.
Scumber \Scum"ber\, v. i. [Cf. {Discumber}.]
To void excrement. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Massinger.
Scumber \Scum"ber\, n.
Dung. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Scumble \Scum"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scumbled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Scumbling}.] [Freq. of scum. [root] 158.] (Fine Arts)
To cover lighty, as a painting, or a drawing, with a thin
wash of opaque color, or with color-crayon dust rubbed on
with the stump, or to make any similar additions to the work,
so as to produce a softened effect.
Scumbling \Scum"bling\, n.
1. (Fine Arts)
(a) A mode of obtaining a softened effect, in painting and
drawing, by the application of a thin layer of opaque
color to the surface of a painting, or part of the
surface, which is too bright in color, or which
requires harmonizing.
(b) In crayon drawing, the use of the stump.
2. The color so laid on. Also used figuratively.
Shining above the brown scumbling of leafless
orchards. --L. Wallace.
Scummer \Scum"mer\, v. i.
To scumber. [Obs.] --Holland.
Scummer \Scum"mer\, n.
Excrement; scumber. [Obs.]
Scummer \Scum"mer\, n. [Cf. OF. escumoire, F. ['e]cumoire. See
{Scum}, and cf. {Skimmer}.]
An instrument for taking off scum; a skimmer.
Scumming \Scum"ming\, n.
(a) The act of taking off scum.
(b) That which is scummed off; skimmings; scum; -- used
chiefly in the plural.
Scummy \Scum"my\, a.
Covered with scum; of the nature of scum. --Sir P. Sidney.
Scunner \Scun"ner\, v. t. [Cf. {Shun}.]
To cause to loathe, or feel disgust at. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Scunner \Scun"ner\, v. i.
To have a feeling of loathing or disgust; hence, to have
dislike, prejudice, or reluctance. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] --C.
Kingsley.
Scunner \Scun"ner\, n.
A feeling of disgust or loathing; a strong prejudice;
abhorrence; as, to take a scunner against some one. [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.] --Carlyle.
Scup \Scup\, n. [D. schop.]
A swing. [Local, U.S.]
Scup \Scup\, n. [Contr. fr. American Indian mishc[`u]p, fr.
mishe-kuppi large, thick-scaled.] (Zo["o]l.)
A marine sparoid food fish ({Stenotomus chrysops}, or {S.
argyrops}), common on the Atlantic coast of the United
States. It appears bright silvery when swimming in the
daytime, but shows broad blackish transverse bands at night
and when dead. Called also {porgee}, {paugy}, {porgy},
{scuppaug}.
Note: The same names are also applied to a closely allied
Southern species. ({Stenotomus Gardeni}).
Scuppaug \Scup"paug\, n. [Contr. fr. Amer. Indian mishcuppauog,
pl. of mishcup.] (Zo["o]l.)
See 2d {Scup}.
Scupper \Scup"per\, n. [OF. escopir, escupir, to spit, perhaps
for escospir, L. ex + conspuere to spit upon; pref. con- +
spuere to spit. Cf. {Spit}, v.] (Naut.)
An opening cut through the waterway and bulwarks of a ship,
so that water falling on deck may flow overboard; -- called
also {scupper hole}.
{Scupper hose} (Naut.), a pipe of leather, canvas, etc.,
attached to the mouth of the scuppers, on the outside of a
vessel, to prevent the water from entering. --Totten.
{Scupper nail} (Naut.), a nail with a very broad head, for
securing the edge of the hose to the scupper.
{Scupper plug} (Naut.), a plug to stop a scupper. --Totten.
Scuppernong \Scup"per*nong\, n. [Probably of American Indian
origin.] (Bot.)
An American grape, a form of {Vitis vulpina}, found in the
Southern Atlantic States, and often cultivated.
Scur \Scur\, v. i. [Cf. {Scour} to run.]
To move hastily; to scour. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Scurf \Scurf\, n. [AS. scurf, sceorf, or from Scand.; cf. Sw.
skorf, Dan. skurv, Icel. skurfur, D. schurft, G. schorf; all
akin to AS. scurf, and to AS. sceorfan to scrape, to gnaw, G.
sch["u]rfen to scrape, and probably also to E. scrape. Cf.
{Scurvy}.]
1. Thin dry scales or scabs upon the body; especially, thin
scales exfoliated from the cuticle, particularly of the
scalp; dandruff.
2. Hence, the foul remains of anything adherent.
The scurf is worn away of each committed crime.
--Dryden.
3. Anything like flakes or scales adhering to a surface.
There stood a hill not far, whose grisly top Belched
fire and rolling smoke; the rest entire Shone with a
glossy scurf. --Milton.
4. (Bot.) Minute membranous scales on the surface of some
leaves, as in the goosefoot. --Gray.
Scurff \Scurff\, n.
The bull trout. [Prov. Eng.]
Scurfiness \Scurf"i*ness\, n.
1. Quality or state of being scurfy.
2. (Bot.) Scurf.
Scurfy \Scurf"y\, a. [Compar. {Scurfier}; superl. {Scurfiest}.]
Having or producing scurf; covered with scurf; resembling
scurf.
Scurrier \Scur"ri*er\, n.
One who scurries.
Scurrile \Scur"rile\, a. [L. scurrilis, fr. scurra a bufoon,
jester: cf. F. scurrile.]
Such as befits a buffoon or vulgar jester; grossly
opprobrious or loudly jocose in language; scurrilous; as,
scurrile taunts.
The wretched affectation of scurrile laughter.
--Cowley.
A scurrile or obscene jest will better advance you at
the court of Charles than father's ancient name. --Sir
W. Scott.
Scurrility \Scur*ril"i*ty\, n. [L. scurrilitas: cf. F.
scurrilit['e].]
1. The quality or state of being scurrile or scurrilous;
mean, vile, or obscene jocularity.
Your reasons . . . have been sharp and sententious,
pleasant without scurrility. --Shak.
2. That which is scurrile or scurrilous; gross or obscene
language; low buffoonery; vulgar abuse.
Interrupting prayers and sermons with clamor and
scurrility. --Macaulay.
Syn: Scurrilousness; abuse; insolence; vulgarity; indecency.
Scurrilous \Scur"ril*ous\, a. [See Scurrile.]
1. Using the low and indecent language of the meaner sort of
people, or such as only the license of buffoons can
warrant; as, a scurrilous fellow.
2. Containing low indecency or abuse; mean; foul; vile;
obscenely jocular; as, scurrilous language.
The absurd and scurrilous sermon which had very
unwisely been honored with impeachment. --Macaulay.
Syn: Opprobrious; abusive; reproachful; insulting; insolent;
offensive; gross; vile; vulgar; low; foul; foul-mouthed;
indecent; scurrile; mean. -- {Scur"ril*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Scur"ril*ous*ness}, n.
Scurrit \Scur"rit\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
the lesser tern ({Sterna minuta}). [Prov. Eng.]
Scurry \Scur"ry\, v. i. [Cf. {Scur}, {Skirr}.]
To hasten away or along; to move rapidly; to hurry; as, the
rabbit scurried away.
Scurry \Scur"ry\, n.
Act of scurring; hurried movement.
Scurvily \Scur"vi*ly\, adv.
In a scurvy manner.
Scurviness \Scur"vi*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being scurvy; vileness; meanness.
Scurvy \Scur"vy\, a. [Compar. {Scurvier}; superl. {Scurviest}.]
[From {Scurf}; cf. {Scurvy}, n.]
1. Covered or affected with scurf or scabs; scabby; scurfy;
specifically, diseased with the scurvy. ``Whatsoever man .
. . be scurvy or scabbed.'' --lev. xxi. 18, 20.
2. Vile; mean; low; vulgar; contemptible. ``A scurvy trick.''
--Ld. Lytton.
That scurvy custom of taking tobacco. --Swift.
[He] spoke spoke such scurvy and provoking terms.
--Shak.
Scurvy \Scur"vy\, n. [Probably from the same source as scirbute,
but influenced by scurf, scurfy, scurvy, adj.; cf. D.
scheurbuik scurvy, G. scharbock, LL. scorbutus. Cf.
{Scorbute}.] (Med.)
A disease characterized by livid spots, especially about the
thighs and legs, due to extravasation of blood, and by spongy
gums, and bleeding from almost all the mucous membranes. It
is accompanied by paleness, languor, depression, and general
debility. It is occasioned by confinement, innutritious food,
and hard labor, but especially by lack of fresh vegetable
food, or confinement for a long time to a limited range of
food, which is incapable of repairing the waste of the
system. It was formerly prevalent among sailors and soldiers.
{Scurvy grass} [Scurvy + grass; or cf. Icel. skarfak[=a]l
scurvy grass.] (Bot.) A kind of cress ({Cochlearia
officinalis}) growing along the seacoast of Northern
Europe and in arctic regions. It is a remedy for the
scurvy, and has proved a valuable food to arctic
explorers. The name is given also to other allied species
of plants.
Scut \Scut\, n. [Cf. Icel. skott a fox's tail. [root] 159.]
[Obs.]
The tail of a hare, or of a deer, or other animal whose tail
is short, sp. when carried erect; hence, sometimes, the
animal itself. ``He ran like a scut.'' --Skelton.
How the Indian hare came to have a long tail, wheras
that part in others attains no higher than a scut.
--Sir T.
Browne.
My doe with the black scut. --Shak.
Scuta \Scu"ta\, n. pl.
See {Scutum}.
Scutage \Scu"tage\ (?; 48), n. [LL. scutagium, from L. scutum a
shield.] (Eng. Hist.)
Shield money; commutation of service for a sum of money. See
{Escuage}.
Scutal \Scu"tal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a shield.
A good example of these scutal monstrosities.
--Cussans.
Scutate \Scu"tate\, a. [L. scutatus armed with a shield, from
scutum a shield.]
1. Buckler-shaped; round or nearly round.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Protected or covered by bony or horny plates,
or large scales.
Scutch \Scutch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scutched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scutching}.] [See {Scotch} to cut slightly.]
1. To beat or whip; to drub. [Old or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
2. To separate the woody fiber from (flax, hemp, etc.) by
beating; to swingle.
3. To loosen and dress the fiber of (cotton or silk) by
beating; to free (fibrous substances) from dust by beating
and blowing.
{Scutching machine}, a machine used to scutch cotton, silk,
or flax; -- called also {batting machine}.
Scutch \Scutch\, n.
1. A wooden instrument used in scutching flax and hemp.
2. The woody fiber of flax; the refuse of scutched flax.
``The smoke of the burning scutch.'' --Cuthbert Bede.
Scutcheon \Scutch"eon\, n. [Aphetic form of escutcheon.]
1. An escutcheon; an emblazoned shield. --Bacon.
The corpse lay in state, with all the pomp of
scutcheons, wax lights, black hangings, and mutes.
--Macaulay.
2. A small plate of metal, as the shield around a keyhole.
See {Escutcheon}, 4.
Scutcheoned \Scutch"eoned\, a.
Emblazoned on or as a shield.
Scutcheoned panes in cloisters old. --Lowell.
Scutcher \Scutch"er\, n.
1. One who scutches.
2. An implement or machine for scutching hemp, flax, or
cotton; etc.; a scutch; a scutching machine.
Scutch grass \Scutch" grass`\ (Bot.)
A kind of pasture grass ({Cynodon Dactylon}). See {Bermuda
grass}: also Illustration in Appendix.
Scute \Scute\, n. [L. scutum a shield, a buckler. See {Scudo}.]
1. A small shield. [Obs.] --Skelton.
2. An old French gold coin of the value of 3s. 4d. sterling,
or about 80 cents.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A bony scale of a reptile or fish; a large
horny scale on the leg of a bird, or on the belly of a
snake.
Scutella \Scu*tel"la\, n. pl.
See {Scutellum}.
Scutella \Scu*tel"la\, n.; pl. {Scutelle}. [NL., fem. dim. of L.
scutum.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Scutellum}, n., 2.
Scutellate \Scu"tel*late\, Scutellated \Scu"tel*la`ted\, a. [L.
scutella a dish, salver. Cf. {Scuttle} a basket.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Formed like a plate or salver; composed of
platelike surfaces; as, the scutellated bone of a
sturgeon. --Woodward.
2. [See {Scutellum}.] (Zo["o]l.) Having the tarsi covered
with broad transverse scales, or scutella; -- said of
certain birds.
Scutellation \Scu`tel*la"tion\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
the entire covering, or mode of arrangement, of scales, as on
the legs and feet of a bird.
Scutelliform \Scu*tel"li*form\, a. [L. scutella a dish + -form.]
1. Scutellate.
2. (Bot.) Having the form of a scutellum.
Scutelliplantar \Scu*tel`li*plan"tar\, a. [L. scutellus a shield
+ planta foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having broad scutella on the front, and small scales on the
posterior side, of the tarsus; -- said of certain birds.
Scutellum \Scu*tel"lum\, n.; pl. {Scutella}. [NL., neut. dim. of
L. scutum a shield.]
1. (Bot.) A rounded apothecium having an elevated rim formed
of the proper thallus, the fructification of certain
lichens.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The third of the four pieces forming the upper part of
a thoracic segment of an insect. It follows the
scutum, and is followed by the small postscutellum; a
scutella. See {Thorax}.
(b) One of the transverse scales on the tarsi and toes of
birds; a scutella.
Scutibranch \Scu"ti*branch\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Scutibranchiate. -- n. One of the Scutibranchiata.
Scutibranchia \Scu`ti*bran"chi*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Scutibranchiata}.
Scutibranchian \Scu`ti*bran"chi*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Scutibranchiata.
Scutibranchiata \Scu`ti*bran`chi*a"ta\, n. pl. [NL. See
{Scutum}, and {Branchia}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of gastropod Mollusca having a heart with two
auricles and one ventricle. The shell may be either spiral or
shieldlike.
Note: It is now usually regarded as including only the
Rhipidoglossa and the Docoglossa. When originally
established, it included a heterogenous group of
mollusks having shieldlike shells, such as Haliotis,
Fissurella, Carinaria, etc.
Scutibranchiate \Scu`ti*bran"chi*ate\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the gills protected by a shieldlike shell; of or
pertaining to the Scutibranchiata. -- n. One of the
Scutibranchiata.
Scutiferous \Scu*tif"er*ous\, a. [L. scutum shield + -ferous.]
Carrying a shield or buckler.
Scutiform \Scu"ti*form\, a. [L. scutum shield + -form: cf. F.
scutiforme.]
Shield-shaped; scutate.
Scutiger \Scu"ti*ger\, n. [NL., fr. L. scutum shield + gerere to
bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of chilopod myriapods of the genus {Scutigera}.
They sometimes enter buildings and prey upon insects.
Scutiped \Scu"ti*ped\, a. [L. scutum a shield + pes, pedis, a
foot: cf. F. scutip[`e]de.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the anterior surface of the tarsus covered with
scutella, or transverse scales, in the form of incomplete
bands terminating at a groove on each side; -- said of
certain birds.
Scuttle \Scut"tle\, n. [AS. scutel a dish, platter; cf. Icel.
skutill; both fr. L. scutella, dim. of scutra, scuta, a dish
or platter; cf. scutum a shield. Cf. {Skillet}.]
1. A broad, shallow basket.
2. A wide-mouthed vessel for holding coal: a coal hod.
Scuttle \Scut"tle\, v. i. [For scuddle, fr. scud.]
To run with affected precipitation; to hurry; to bustle; to
scuddle.
With the first dawn of day, old Janet was scuttling
about the house to wake the baron. --Sir W.
Scott.
Scuttle \Scut"tle\, n.
A quick pace; a short run. --Spectator.
Scuttle \Scut"tle\, n. [OF. escoutille, F. ['e]scoutille, cf.
Sp. escotilla; probably akin to Sp. escoter to cut a thing so
as to make it fit, to hollow a garment about the neck,
perhaps originally, to cut a bosom-shaped piece out, and of
Teutonic origin; cf. D. schoot lap, bosom, G. schoss, Goth.
skauts the hem of a garnment. Cf. {Sheet} an expanse.]
1. A small opening in an outside wall or covering, furnished
with a lid. Specifically:
(a) (Naut.) A small opening or hatchway in the deck of a
ship, large enough to admit a man, and with a lid for
covering it, also, a like hole in the side or bottom
of a ship.
(b) An opening in the roof of a house, with a lid.
2. The lid or door which covers or closes an opening in a
roof, wall, or the like.
{Scuttle butt}, or {Scuttle cask} (Naut.), a butt or cask
with a large hole in it, used to contain the fresh water
for daily use in a ship.
--Totten.
Scuttle \Scut"tle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scuttled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Scuttling}.]
1. To cut a hole or holes through the bottom, deck, or sides
of (as of a ship), for any purpose.
2. To sink by making holes through the bottom of; as, to
scuttle a ship.
Scutum \Scu"tum\, n.; pl. {Scuta}. [L.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) An oblong shield made of boards or
wickerwork covered with leather, with sometimes an iron
rim; -- carried chiefly by the heavy-armed infantry.
2. (O. Eng. Law) A penthouse or awning. [Obs.] --Burrill.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The second and largest of the four parts forming the
upper surface of a thoracic segment of an insect. It
is preceded by the prescutum and followed by the
scutellum. See the Illust. under {Thorax}.
(b) One of the two lower valves of the operculum of a
barnacle.
Scybala \Scyb"a*la\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? dung.] (Med.)
Hardened masses of feces.
Scye \Scye\, n.
Arm scye, a cutter's term for the armhole or part of the
armhole of the waist of a garnment. [Cant]
Scyle \Scyle\, v. t. [AS. scylan to withdraw or remowe.]
To hide; to secrete; to conceal. [Obs.]
Scylla \Scyl"la\, n.
A dangerous rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirpool
Charybdis on the coast of Sicily, -- both personified in
classical literature as ravenous monsters. The passage
between them was formerly considered perilous; hence, the
saying ``Between Scylla and Charybdis,'' signifying a great
peril on either hand.
Scyllaea \Scyl*l[ae]"a\, n. [NL. See {Scylla}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of oceanic nudibranchiate mollusks having the small
branched gills situated on the upper side of four fleshy
lateral lobes, and on the median caudal crest.
Note: In color and form these mollusks closely imitate the
fronds of sargassum and other floathing seaweeds among
which they live.
Scyllarian \Scyl*la"ri*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of a family ({Scyllarid[ae]}) of macruran Crustacea,
remarkable for the depressed form of the body, and the broad,
flat antenn[ae]. Also used adjectively.
Scyllite \Scyl"lite\, n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance of a sweetish taste, resembling
inosite and metameric with dextrose. It is extracted from the
kidney of the dogfish (of the genus {Scylium}), the shark,
and the skate.
Scymetar \Scym"e*tar\, n.
See {Scimiter}.
Scypha \Scy"pha\, n.; pl. {Scyphae}. [NL.] (Bot.)
See {Scyphus}, 2
(b) .
Scyphiform \Scy"phi*form\, a. [L. scyphus a cup + -form.] (Bot.)
Cup-shaped.
Scyphistoma \Scy*phis"to*ma\, n.; pl. {Scyphistomata},
{Scyphistom[ae]}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a cup + ? the mouth.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The young attached larva of Discophora in the stage when it
resembles a hydroid, or actinian.
Scyphobranchii \Scy`pho*bran"chi*i\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? a
cup + ? a gill.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of fishes including the blennioid and gobioid
fishes, and other related families.
Scyphomeduse \Scy`pho*me*du"se\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? cup +
NL. medusa.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Acraspeda}, or {Discophora}.
Scyphophori \Scy*phoph"o*ri\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a cup + ?
to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of fresh-water fishes inhabiting tropical Africa.
They have rudimentary electrical organs on each side of the
tail.
Scyphus \Scy"phus\, n.; pl. {Scyphi}. [L., a cup, Gr. ?.]
1. (Antiq.) A kind of large drinking cup, -- used by Greeks
and Romans, esp. by poor folk.
2. (Bot.)
(a) The cup of a narcissus, or a similar appendage to the
corolla in other flowers.
(b) A cup-shaped stem or podetium in lichens. Also called
{scypha}. See Illust. of {Cladonia pyxidata}, under
{Lichen}.
Scythe \Scythe\ (s[imac]th), n. [OE. sithe, AS. s[=i][eth]e,
sig[eth]e; akin to Icel. sig[eth]r a sickle, LG. segd, seged,
seed, seid, OHG. segansa sickle, scythe, G. sense scythe, and
to E. saw a cutting instrument. See {Saw}.] [Written also
{sithe} and {sythe}.]
1. An instrument for mowing grass, grain, or the like, by
hand, composed of a long, curving blade, with a sharp
edge, made fast to a long handle, called a snath, which is
bent into a form convenient for use.
The sharp-edged scythe shears up the spiring grass.
--Dryden.
The scythe of Time mows down. --Milton.
2. (Antiq.) A scythe-shaped blade attached to ancient war
chariots.
Scythe \Scythe\, v. t.
To cut with a scythe; to cut off as with a scythe; to mow.
[Obs.]
Time had not scythed all that youth begun. --Shak.
Scythed \Scythed\, a.
Armed scythes, as a chariot.
Chariots scythed, On thundering axles rolled. --Glover.
Scytheman \Scythe"man\, n.; pl. {Scythemen}.
One who uses a scythe; a mower. --Macaulay.
Scythestone \Scythe"stone`\, n.
A stone for sharpening scythes; a whetstone.
Scythewhet \Scythe"whet`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Wilson's thrush; -- so called from its note. [Local, U.S.]
Scythian \Scyth"i*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Scythia (a name given to the northern
part of Asia, and Europe adjoining to Asia), or its language
or inhabitants.
{Scythian lamb}. (Bot.) See {Barometz}.
Scythian \Scyth"i*an\, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Scythia; specifically (Ethnol.),
one of a Slavonic race which in early times occupied
Eastern Europe.
2. The language of the Scythians.
Scytodermata \Scy`to*der"ma*ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a hide +
? a skin.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Holothurioidea}.
Sdan \Sdan\, v. & n.
Disdain. [Obs.] --Spenser.
'Sdeath \'Sdeath\, interj. [Corrupted fr. God's death.]
An exclamation expressive of impatience or anger. --Shak.
Sdeign \Sdeign\, v. t.
To disdain. [Obs.]
But either sdeigns with other to partake. --Spenser.
Sea \Sea\, n. [OE. see, AS. s[=ae]; akin to D. zee, OS. & OHG.
s[=e]o, G. see, OFries. se, Dan. s["o], Sw. sj["o], Icel.
s[ae]r, Goth. saiws, and perhaps to L. saevus firce, savage.
[root] 151 a.]
1. One of the larger bodies of salt water, less than an
ocean, found on the earth's surface; a body of salt water
of second rank, generally forming part of, or connecting
with, an ocean or a larger sea; as, the Mediterranean Sea;
the Sea of Marmora; the North Sea; the Carribean Sea.
2. An inland body of water, esp. if large or if salt or
brackish; as, the Caspian Sea; the Sea of Aral; sometimes,
a small fresh-water lake; as, the Sea of Galilee.
3. The ocean; the whole body of the salt water which covers a
large part of the globe.
I marvel how the fishes live in the sea. --Shak.
Ambiguous between sea and land The river horse and
scaly crocodile. --Milton.
4. The swell of the ocean or other body of water in a high
wind; motion of the water's surface; also, a single wave;
a billow; as, there was a high sea after the storm; the
vessel shipped a sea.
5. (Jewish Antiq.) A great brazen laver in the temple at
Jerusalem; -- so called from its size.
He made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to
brim, round in compass, and five cubits the height
thereof. --2 Chron. iv.
2.
6. Fig.: Anything resembling the sea in vastness; as, a sea
of glory. --Shak.
All the space . . . was one sea of heads.
--Macaulay.
Note: Sea is often used in the composition of words of
obvious signification; as, sea-bathed, sea-beaten,
sea-bound, sea-bred, sea-circled, sealike, sea-nursed,
sea-tossed, sea-walled, sea-worn, and the like. It is
also used either adjectively or in combination with
substantives; as, sea bird, sea-bird, or seabird, sea
acorn, or sea-acorn.
{At sea}, upon the ocean; away from land; figuratively,
without landmarks for guidance; lost; at the mercy of
circumstances. ``To say the old man was at sea would be
too feeble an expression.'' --G. W. Cable
{At full sea} at the height of flood tide; hence, at the
height. ``But now God's mercy was at full sea.'' --Jer.
Taylor.
{Beyond seas}, or {Beyond the sea} or {the seas} (Law), out
of the state, territory, realm, or country. --Wharton.
{Half seas over}, half drunk. [Colloq.] --Spectator.
{Heavy sea}, a sea in which the waves run high.
{Long sea}, a sea characterized by the uniform and steady
motion of long and extensive waves.
{Short sea}, a sea in which the waves are short, broken, and
irregular, so as to produce a tumbling or jerking motion.
{To go to sea}, a adopt the calling or occupation of a
sailor.
Sea acorn \Sea" a"corn\ (Zo["o]l.)
An acorn barnacle ({Balanus}).
Sea adder \Sea" ad"der\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European fifteen-spined stickleback ({Gasterosteus
spinachia}); -- called also {bismore}.
(b) The European tanglefish, or pipefish ({Syngnathus acus}).
Sea anchor \Sea" an"chor\ (Naut.)
See {Drag sail}, under 4th {Drag}.
Sea amenone \Sea" a*men"o*ne\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of soft-bodied Anthozoa,
belonging to the order Actrinaria; an actinian.
Note: They have the oral disk surrounded by one or more
circles of simple tapering tentacles, which are often
very numerous, and when expanded somewhat resemble the
petals of flowers, with colors varied and often very
beautiful.
Sea ape \Sea" ape`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The thrasher shark.
(b) The sea otter.
Sea apple \Sea" ap"ple\ (Bot.)
The fruit of a West Indian palm ({Manicaria Plukenetii}),
often found floating in the sea. --A. Grisebach.
Sea arrow \Sea" ar"row\ (Zo["o]l.)
A squid of the genus {Ommastrephes}. See {Squid}.
Sea bank \Sea" bank`\
1. The seashore. --Shak.
2. A bank or mole to defend against the sea.
Sea-bar \Sea"-bar`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A tern.
Sea barrow \Sea" bar"row\ (Zo["o]l.)
A sea purse.
Sea bass \Sea" bass`\ . (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A large marine food fish ({Serranus, or Centropristis,
atrarius}) which abounds on the Atlantic coast of the
United States. It is dark bluish, with black bands, and
more or less varied with small white spots and blotches.
Called also, locally, {blue bass}, {black sea bass},
{blackfish}, {bluefish}, and {black perch}.
(b) A California food fish ({Cynoscion nobile}); -- called
also {white sea bass}, and {sea salmon}.
Sea bat \Sea" bat`\ (Zo["o]l.)
See {Batfish}
(a) .
Seabeach \Sea"beach`\, n.
A beach lying along the sea. ``The bleak seabeach.''
--Longfellow.
Sea bean \Sea" bean\ (Bot.)
Same as {Florida bean}.
Sea bear \Sea" bear`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any fur seal. See under {Fur}.
(b) The white bear.
Seabeard \Sea"beard`\, n. (Bot.)
A green seaweed ({Cladophora rupestris}) growing in dense
tufts.
Sea beast \Sea" beast`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any large marine mammal, as a seal, walrus, or cetacean.
Sea bird \Sea" bird`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any swimming bird frequenting the sea; a sea fowl.
Sea blite \Sea" blite`\ (Bot.)
A plant ({Su[ae]da maritima}) of the Goosefoot family,
growing in salt marches.
Sea-blubber \Sea"-blub"ber\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A jellyfish.
Seaboard \Sea"board`\, n. [Sea + board, F. bord side.]
The seashore; seacoast. --Ld. Berners.
Seaboard \Sea"board`\, a.
Bordering upon, or being near, the sea; seaside; seacoast;
as, a seaboard town.
Seaboard \Sea"board`\, adv.
Toward the sea. [R.]
Seaboat \Sea"boat`\ [AS. s[=ae]b[=a]t.]
1. A boat or vessel adapted to the open sea; hence, a vessel
considered with reference to her power of resisting a
storm, or maintaining herself in a heavy sea; as, a good
sea boat.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A chitin.
Seabord \Sea"bord`\, n. & a.
See {Seaboard}.
Sea-bordering \Sea"-bor"der*ing\, a.
Bordering on the sea; situated beside the sea. --Drayton.
Sea-born \Sea"-born`\, a.
1. Born of the sea; produced by the sea. ``Neptune and his
sea-born niece.'' --Waller.
2. Born at sea.
Seabound \Sea"bound`\, a.
Bounded by the sea.
Sea bow \Sea" bow`\
See {Marine rainbow}, under {Rainbow}.
Sea boy \Sea" boy`\
A boy employed on shipboard.
Sea breach \Sea" breach`\
A breaking or overflow of a bank or a dike by the sea.
--L'Estrange.
Sea bream \Sea" bream`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of sparoid fishes, especially the
common European species ({Pagellus centrodontus}), the
Spanish ({P. Oweni}), and the black sea bream ({Cantharus
lineatus}); -- called also {old wife}.
Sea brief \Sea" brief`\
Same as {Sea letter}.
Sea bug \Sea" bug`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A chiton.
Sea-built \Sea"-built`\, a.
Built at, in, or by the sea.
Sea butterfly \Sea" but"ter*fly`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A pteropod.
Sea cabbage \Sea" cab"bage\ (?; 48). (Bot.)
See {Sea kale}, under {Kale}.
Sea calf \Sea" calf`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The common seal.
Sea canary \Sea" ca*na"ry\ [So called from a whistling sound
which it makes.] (Zo["o]l.)
The beluga, or white whale.
Sea captain \Sea" cap"tain\
The captain of a vessel that sails upon the sea.
Sea card \Sea" card`\
Mariner's card, or compass.
Sea catfish \Sea" cat`fish\ Sea cat \Sea" cat`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The wolf fish.
(b) Any marine siluroid fish, as {[AE]lurichthys marinus},
and {Arinus felis}, of the eastern coast of the United
States. Many species are found on the coasts of Central
and South America.
Sea chart \Sea" chart`\
A chart or map on which the lines of the shore, islands,
shoals, harbors, etc., are delineated.
Sea chickweed \Sea" chick"weed`\ (Bot.)
A fleshy plant ({Arenaria peploides}) growing in large tufts
in the sands of the northern Atlantic seacoast; -- called
also {sea sandwort}, and {sea purslane}.
Sea clam \Sea" clam`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of the large bivalve mollusks found on the open
seacoast, especially those of the family {Mactrid[ae]}, as
the common American species. ({Mactra, or Spisula,
solidissima}); -- called also {beach clam}, and {surf clam}.
Sea coal \Sea" coal`\
Coal brought by sea; -- a name by which mineral coal was
formerly designated in the south of England, in distinction
from charcoal, which was brought by land.
{Sea-coal facing} (Founding), facing consisting of pulverized
bituminous coal.
Seacoast \Sea"coast`\, n.
The shore or border of the land adjacent to the sea or ocean.
Also used adjectively.
Sea cob \Sea" cob`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The black-backed gull.
Sea cock \Sea" cock`\
1. In a steamship, a cock or valve close to the vessel's
side, for closing a pipe which communicates with the sea.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The black-bellied plover.
(b) A gurnard, as the European red gurnard ({Trigla
pini}).
Sea cocoa \Sea" co"coa\ (Bot.)
A magnificent palm ({Lodoicea Sechellarum}) found only in the
Seychelles Islands. The fruit is an immense two-lobed nut. It
was found floating in the Indian Ocean before the tree was
known, and called sea cocoanut, and double cocoanut.
Sea colander \Sea" col"an*der\ (Bot.)
A large blackfish seaweed ({Agarum Turneri}), the frond of
which is punctured with many little holes.
Sea colewort \Sea" cole"wort`\ (Bot.)
Sea cabbage.
Sea compass \Sea" com"pass\
The mariner's compass. See under {Compass}.
Sea coot \Sea" coot`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A scoter duck.
Sea corn \Sea" corn`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A yellow cylindrical mass of egg capsule of certain species
of whelks ({Buccinum}), which resembles an ear of maize.
Sea cow \Sea" cow`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The mantee.
(b) The dugong.
(c) The walrus.
Sea crawfish \Sea" craw"fish`\ Sea crayfish \Sea" cray"fish`\
(Zo["o]l.)
Any crustacean of the genus {Palinurus} and allied genera, as
the European spiny lobster ({P. vulgaris}), which is much
used as an article of food. See {Lobster}.
Sea crow \Sea" crow`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The chough. [Ireland]
(b) The cormorant.
(c) The blackheaded pewit, and other gulls.
(d) The skua.
(e) The razorbill. [Orkney Islands]
(f) The coot.
Sea cucumber \Sea" cu"cum*ber\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any large holothurian, especially one of those belonging to
the genus {Pentacta}, or {Cucumaria}, as the common American
and European species. ({P. frondosa}).
Sea dace \Sea" dace`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The European sea perch.
Sea daffodil \Sea" daf"fo*dil\ (Bot.)
A European amarylidaceous plant ({Pancratium maritimum}).
Sea devil \Sea" dev`il\(Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any very large ray, especially any species of the genus
{Manta} or {Cepholoptera}, some of which become more than
twenty feet across and weigh several tons. See also {Ox
ray}, under {Ox}.
(b) Any large cephalopod, as a large Octopus, or a giant
squid ({Architeuthis}). See {Devilfish}.
(c) The angler.
Sea dog \Sea" dog`\
1. (Zo["o]l.) The dogfish.
(b) The common seal.
2. An old sailor; a salt. [Colloq.]
Sea dotterel \Sea" dot"ter*el\ (Zo["o]l.)
The turnstone.
Sea dove \Sea" dove`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The little auk, or rotche. See Illust. of {Rotche}.
Sea dragon \Sea" drag"on\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A dragonet, or sculpin.
(b) The pegasus.
Sea drake \Sea" drake`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The pewit gull.
Sea duck \Sea" duck`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of ducks which frequent the
seacoasts and feed mainly on fishes and mollusks. The
scoters, eiders, old squaw, and ruddy duck are examples. They
may be distinguished by the lobate hind toe.
Sea eagle \Sea" ea"gle\
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of fish-eating
eagles of the genus {Hali[ae]etus} and allied genera, as
the North Pacific sea eagle. ({H. pelagicus}), which has
white shoulders, head, rump, and tail; the European
white-tailed eagle ({H. albicilla}); and the Indian
white-tailed sea eagle, or fishing eagle ({Polioa["e]tus
ichthya["e]tus}). The bald eagle and the osprey are also
sometimes classed as sea eagles.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The eagle ray. See under {Ray}.
Sea-ear \Sea"-ear`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of ear-shaped shells of the genus Haliotis. See
{Abalone}.
Sea eel \Sea" eel`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The conger eel.
Sea egg \Sea" egg`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A sea urchin.
Sea elephant \Sea" el"e*phant\ (Zo["o]l.)
A very large seal ({Macrorhinus proboscideus}) of the
Antarctic seas, much hunted for its oil. It sometimes attains
a length of thirty feet, and is remarkable for the
prolongation of the nose of the adult male into an erectile
elastic proboscis, about a foot in length. Another species of
smaller size ({M. angustirostris}) occurs on the coast of
Lower California, but is now nearly extinct.
Sea fan \Sea" fan"\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any gorgonian which branches in a fanlike form, especially
{Gorgonia flabellum} of Florida and the West Indies.
Seafarer \Sea"far`er\, n. [Sea + fare.]
One who follows the sea as a business; a mariner; a sailor.
Seafaring \Sea"far`ing\, a.
Following the business of a mariner; as, a seafaring man.
Sea feather \Sea" feath"er\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any gorgonian which branches in a plumelike form.
Sea fennel \Sea" fen"nel\ (Bot.)
Samphire.
Sea fern \Sea" fern"\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any gorgonian which branches like a fern.
Sea fight \Sea" fight`\
An engagement between ships at sea; a naval battle.
Sea fir \Sea" fir`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A sertularian hydroid, especially Sertularia abietina, which
branches like a miniature fir tree.
Sea flewer \Sea" flew"er\ (Zo["o]l.)
A sea anemone, or any related anthozoan.
Sea foam \Sea" foam`\
1. Foam of sea water.
2. (Min.) Meerschaum; -- called also {sea froth}.
Sea fowl \Sea" fowl`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any bird which habitually frequents the sea, as an auk,
gannet, gull, tern, or petrel; also, all such birds,
collectively.
Sea fox \Sea" fox`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The thrasher shark. See {Thrasher}.
Sea froth \Sea" froth`\ (?; 115).
See {Sea foam}, 2.
Sea-gate \Sea"-gate`\, Sea-gait \Sea"-gait`\, n.
A long, rolling swell of the sea. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Sea gauge \Sea" gauge`\
See under {Gauge}, n.
Sea gherkin \Sea" gher`kin\, or Sea girkin \Sea" gir"kin\
(Zo["o]l.)
Any small holothurian resembling in form a gherkin.
Sea ginger \Sea" gin"ger\ (Zo["o]l.)
A hydroid coral of the genus Millepora, especially {M.
alcicornis}, of the West Indies and Florida. So called
because it stings the tongue like ginger. See Illust. under
{Millepore}.
Sea girdles \Sea" gir"dles\ (Bot.)
A kind of kelp ({Laminaria digitata}) with palmately cleft
fronds; -- called also {sea wand}, {seaware}, and tangle.
Seagirt \Sea"girt`\, a.
Surrounded by the water of the sea or ocean; as, a seagirt
isle. --Milton.
Sea god \Sea" god`\
A marine deity; a fabulous being supposed to live in, or have
dominion over, the sea, or some particular sea or part of the
sea, as Neptune.
Sea goddess \Sea" god"dess\
A goddess supposed to live in or reign over the sea, or some
part of the sea.
Seagoing \Sea"go`ing\, a.
Going upon the sea; especially, sailing upon the deep sea; --
used in distinction from coasting or river, as applied to
vessels.
Sea goose \Sea" goose`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A phalarope.
Sea gown \Sea" gown`\
A gown or frock with short sleeves, formerly worn by
mariners. --Shak.
Sea grape \Sea" grape`\
1. (Bot.)
(a) The gulf weed. See under {Gulf}.
(b) A shrubby plant ({Coccoloba uvifera}) growing on the
sandy shores of tropical America, somewhat resembling
the grapevine.
2. pl. (Zo["o]l.) The clusters of gelatinous egg capsules of
a squid ({Loligo}).
Sea grass \Sea" grass`\ (Bot.)
Eelgrass.
Sea green \Sea" green`\
The green color of sea water.
Sea-green \Sea"-green`\, a.
Of a beautiful bluish green color, like sea water on
soundings.
Sea gudgeon \Sea" gud"geon\ (Zo["o]l.)
The European black goby ({Gobius niger}).
Sea gull \Sea" gull`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any gull living on the seacoast.
Seah \Se"ah\, n.
A Jewish dry measure containing one third of an an ephah.
Sea hare \Sea" hare`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any tectibranchiate mollusk of the genus Aplysia. See
{Aplysia}.
Sea hawk \Sea" hawk`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A jager gull.
Sea heath \Sea" heath`\ (Bot.)
A low perennial plant ({Frankenia l[ae]vis}) resembling
heath, growing along the seashore in Europe.
Sea hedgehog \Sea" hedge"hog`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A sea urchin.
Sea hen \Sea" hen`\ (Zo["o]l.)
the common guillemot; -- applied also to various other sea
birds.
Sea hog \Sea" hog`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The porpoise.
Sea holly \Sea" hol"ly\ (Bot.)
An evergeen seashore plant ({Eryngium maritimum}). See
{Eryngium}.
Sea holm \Sea" holm`\
A small uninhabited island.
Sea holm \Sea" holm`\ (Bot.)
Sea holly.
Sea horse \Sea" horse`\
1. A fabulous creature, half horse and half fish, represented
in classic mythology as driven by sea dogs or ridden by
the Nereids. It is also depicted in heraldry. See
{Hippocampus}.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The walrus.
(b) Any fish of the genus Hippocampus.
Note: In a passage of Dryden's, the word is supposed to refer
to the hippopotamus.
Sea hulver \Sea" hul"ver\ (Bot.)
Sea holly.
Sea-island \Sea"-is`land\, a.
Of or pertaining to certain islands along the coast of South
Carolina and Georgia; as, sea-island cotton, a superior
cotton of long fiber produced on those islands.
Sea jelly \Sea" jel"ly\ (Zo["o]l.)
A medusa, or jellyfish.
Seak \Seak\, n.
Soap prepared for use in milling cloth.
Sea kale \Sea" kale"\ (Bot.)
See under {Kale}.
Sea king \Sea" king`\
One of the leaders among the Norsemen who passed their lives
in roving the seas in search of plunder and adventures; a
Norse pirate chief. See the Note under {Viking}.
Seal \Seal\ (s[=e]l), n. [OE. sele, AS. seolh; akin to OHG.
selah, Dan. s[ae]l, Sw. sj["a]l, Icel. selr.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any aquatic carnivorous mammal of the families {Phocid[ae]}
and {Otariid[ae]}.
Note: Seals inhabit seacoasts, and are found principally in
the higher latitudes of both hemispheres. There are
numerous species, bearing such popular names as {sea
lion}, {sea leopard}, {sea bear}, or {ursine seal},
{fur seal}, and {sea elephant}. The bearded seal
({Erignathus barbatus}), the hooded seal ({Cystophora
crustata}), and the ringed seal ({Phoca f[oe]tida}),
are northern species. See also {Eared seal}, {Harp
seal}, and {Fur seal}, under {Eared}, {Harp}, {Monk},
and {Fur}. Seals are much hunted for their skins and
fur, and also for their oil, which in some species is
very abundant.
{Harbor seal} (Zo["o]l.), the common seal ({Phoca vitulina}).
It inhabits both the North Atlantic and the North Pacific
Ocean, and often ascends rivers; -- called also {marbled
seal}, {native seal}, {river seal}, {bay seal}, {land
seal}, {sea calf}, {sea cat}, {sea dog}, {dotard},
{ranger}, {selchie}, {tangfish}.
Seal \Seal\, n. [OE. seel, OF. seel, F. sceau, fr. L. sigillum a
little figure or image, a seal, dim. of signum a mark, sign,
figure, or image. See {Sign}, n., and cf. {Sigil}.]
1. An engraved or inscribed stamp, used for marking an
impression in wax or other soft substance, to be attached
to a document, or otherwise used by way of authentication
or security.
2. Wax, wafer, or other tenacious substance, set to an
instrument, and impressed or stamped with a seal; as, to
give a deed under hand and seal.
Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond Thou
but offend;st thy lungs to speak so loud. --Shak.
3. That which seals or fastens; esp., the wax or wafer placed
on a letter or other closed paper, etc., to fasten it.
4. That which confirms, ratifies, or makes stable; that which
authenticates; that which secures; assurance. ``under the
seal of silence.'' --Milton.
Like a red seal is the setting sun On the good and
the evil men have done. --Lonfellow.
5. An arrangement for preventing the entrance or return of
gas or air into a pipe, by which the open end of the pipe
dips beneath the surface of water or other liquid, or a
deep bend or sag in the pipe is filled with the liquid; a
draintrap.
{Great seal}. See under {Great}.
{Privy seal}. See under {Privy}, a.
{Seal lock}, a lock in which the keyhole is covered by a seal
in such a way that the lock can not be opened without
rupturing the seal.
{Seal manual}. See under {Manual}, a.
{Seal ring}, a ring having a seal engraved on it, or
ornamented with a device resembling a seal; a signet ring.
--Shak.
Seal \Seal\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sealed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skaling}.] [OE. selen; cf. OF. seeler, seieler, F. sceller,
LL. sigillare. See {Seal} a stamp.]
1. To set or affix a seal to; hence, to authenticate; to
confirm; to ratify; to establish; as, to seal a deed.
And with my hand I seal my true heart's love.
--Shak.
2. To mark with a stamp, as an evidence of standard
exactness, legal size, or merchantable quality; as, to
seal weights and measures; to seal silverware.
3. To fasten with a seal; to attach together with a wafer,
wax, or other substance causing adhesion; as, to seal a
letter.
4. Hence, to shut close; to keep close; to make fast; to keep
secure or secret.
Seal up your lips, and give no words but ``mum''.
--Shak.
5. To fix, as a piece of iron in a wall, with cement,
plaster, or the like. --Gwilt.
6. To close by means of a seal; as, to seal a drainpipe with
water. See 2d {Seal}, 5.
7. Among the Mormons, to confirm or set apart as a second or
additional wife. [Utah, U.S.]
If a man once married desires a second helpmate . .
. she is sealed to him under the solemn sanction of
the church. --H.
Stansbury.
Seal \Seal\, v. i.
To affix one's seal, or a seal. [Obs.]
I will seal unto this bond. --Shak.
Sea laces \Sea" la"ces\ (Bot.)
A kind of seaweed ({Chorda Filum}) having blackish cordlike
fronds, often many feet long.
Sea lamprey \Sea" lam"prey\ (Zo["o]l.)
The common lamprey.
Sea language \Sea" lan"guage\
The peculiar language or phraseology of seamen; sailor's
cant.
Sea lark \Sea" lark`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The rock pipit ({Anthus obscurus}).
(b) Any one of several small sandpipers and plovers, as the
ringed plover, the turnstone, the dunlin, and the
sanderling.
Sea lavender \Sea" lav"en*der\ (Bot.)
See {Marsh rosemary}, under {Marsh}.
Sea lawyer \Sea" law"yer\ (Zo["o]l.)
The gray snapper. See under {Snapper}.
Seal-brown \Seal"-brown`\, a.
Of a rich dark brown color, like the fur of the fur seal
after it is dyed.
Sea legs \Sea" legs`\
Legs able to maintain their possessor upright in stormy
weather at sea, that is, ability stand or walk steadily on
deck when a vessel is rolling or pitching in a rough sea.
[Sailor's Cant] --Totten.
Sea lemon \Sea" lem"on\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of nudibranchiate mollusks of the
genus Doris and allied genera, having a smooth, thick, convex
yellow body.
Sea leopard \Sea" leop"ard\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of spotted seals, especially
{Ogmorhinus leptonyx}, and {Leptonychotes Weddelli}, of the
Antarctic Ocean. The North Pacific sea leopard is the harbor
seal.
Sealer \Seal"er\, n.
One who seals; especially, an officer whose duty it is to
seal writs or instruments, to stamp weights and measures, or
the like.
Sealer \Sealer\, n.
A mariner or a vessel engaged in the business of capturing
seals.
Sea letter \Sea" let"ter\ (Mar. Law.)
The customary certificate of national character which neutral
merchant vessels are bound to carry in time of war; a
passport for a vessel and cargo.
Sea lettuce \Sea" let"tuce\ (Bot.)
The green papery fronds of several seaweeds of the genus
{Ulva}, sometimes used as food.
Sea level \Sea" lev"el\
The level of the surface of the sea; any surface on the same
level with the sea.
Sealgh \Sealgh\, Selch \Selch\, n.. (Zo["o]l.)
A seal. [Scotch]
Sea lily \Sea" lil"y\ (Zo["o]l.)
A crinoid.
Sealing wax \Seal"ing wax`\
A compound of the resinous materials, pigments, etc., used as
a material for seals, as for letters, documents, etc.
Sea lion \Sea" li"on\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several large species of seals of the family
{Otariid[ae]} native of the Pacific Ocean, especially the
southern sea lion ({Otaria jubata}) of the South American
coast; the northern sea lion ({Eumetopias Stelleri}) found
from California to Japan; and the black, or California, sea
lion ({Zalophus Californianus}), which is common on the rocks
near San Francisco.
Sea loach \Sea" loach"\ (Zo["o]l.)
The three-bearded rockling. See {Rockling}.
Sea louse \Sea" louse`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of isopod crustaceans of
{Cymothoa}, {Livoneca}, and allied genera, mostly parasites
on fishes.
Seam \Seam\ (s[=e]m), n. [See {Saim}.]
Grease; tallow; lard. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] --Shak. Dryden.
Seam \Seam\, n. [OE. seem, seam, AS. se['a]m; akin to D. zoom,
OHG. soum, G. saum, LG. soom, Icel. saumr, Sw. & Dan. s["o]m,
and E. sew. [root] 156. See {Sew} to fasten with thread.]
1. The fold or line formed by sewing together two pieces of
cloth or leather.
2. Hence, a line of junction; a joint; a suture, as on a
ship, a floor, or other structure; the line of union, or
joint, of two boards, planks, metal plates, etc.
Precepts should be so finely wrought together . . .
that no coarse seam may discover where they join.
--Addison.
3. (Geol. & Mining) A thin layer or stratum; a narrow vein
between two thicker strata; as, a seam of coal.
4. A line or depression left by a cut or wound; a scar; a
cicatrix.
{Seam blast}, a blast by putting the powder into seams or
cracks of rocks.
{Seam lace}, a lace used by carriage makers to cover seams
and edges; -- called also {seaming lace}.
{Seam presser}. (Agric.)
(a) A heavy roller to press down newly plowed furrows.
(b) A tailor's sadiron for pressing seams. --Knight.
{Seam set}, a set for flattering the seams of metal sheets,
leather work, etc.
Seam \Seam\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seamed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Seaming}.]
1. To form a seam upon or of; to join by sewing together; to
unite.
2. To mark with something resembling a seam; to line; to
scar.
Seamed o'?r with wounds which his own saber gave.
--Pope.
3. To make the appearance of a seam in, as in knitting a
stocking; hence, to knit with a certain stitch, like that
in such knitting.
Seam \Seam\, v. i.
To become ridgy; to crack open.
Later their lips began to parch and seam. --L. Wallace.
Seam \Seam\, n. [AS. se['a]m, LL. sauma, L. sagma a packsaddle,
fr. Gr. ?. See {Sumpter}.]
A denomination of weight or measure. Specifically:
(a) The quantity of eight bushels of grain. ``A seam of
oats.'' --P. Plowman.
(b) The quantity of 120 pounds of glass. [Eng.]
Sea-maid \Sea"-maid`\, n.
1. The mermaid.
2. A sea nymph.
Sea-mail \Sea"-mail`\, n. [Sea + (perhaps) Mall Mally, for Mary;
hence, Prov. E. mally a hare.] (Zo["o]l.)
A gull; the mew.
Seaman \Sea"man\, n.; pl. {Seamen}.
A merman; the male of the mermaid. [R.] ``Not to mention
mermaids or seamen.'' --Locke.
Seaman \Sea"man\, n.; pl. {Seamen}. [AS. s[ae]man.]
One whose occupation is to assist in the management of ships
at sea; a mariner; a sailor; -- applied both to officers and
common mariners, but especially to the latter. Opposed to
{landman}, or {landsman}.
{Able seaman}, a sailor who is practically conversant with
all the duties of common seamanship.
{ordinary seaman}. See {Ordinary}.
Seamanlike \Sea"man*like`\, a.
Having or showing the skill of a practical seaman.
Seamanship \Sea"man*ship\, n.
The skill of a good seaman; the art, or skill in the art, of
working a ship.
Sea mantis \Sea" man"tis\ (Zo["o]l.)
A squilla.
Sea marge \Sea" marge`\
Land which borders on the sea; the seashore. --Shak.
You are near the sea marge of a land teeming with life.
--J.
Burroughs.
Seamark \Sea"mark`\, n.
Any elevated object on land which serves as a guide to
mariners; a beacon; a landmark visible from the sea, as a
hill, a tree, a steeple, or the like. --Shak.
Sea mat \Sea" mat`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any bryozoan of the genus {Flustra} or allied genera which
form frondlike corals.
Sea maw \Sea" maw`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The sea mew.
Seamed \Seamed\, a. (Falconry)
Out of condition; not in good condition; -- said of a hawk.
Sea-mell \Sea"-mell`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The sea mew.
Sea mew \Sea" mew`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A gull; the mew.
Sea mile \Sea" mile`\
A geographical mile. See {Mile}.
Sea milkwort \Sea" milk"wort`\ (Bot.)
A low, fleshy perennial herb ({Glaux maritima}) found along
northern seashores.
Seaming \Seam"ing\, n.
1. The act or process of forming a seam or joint.
2. (Fishing) The cord or rope at the margin of a seine, to
which the meshes of the net are attached.
{Seaming machine}, a machine for uniting the edges of
sheet-metal plates by bending them and pinching them
together.
Seamless \Seam"less\, a.
Without a seam.
Christ's seamless coat, all of a piece. --Jer. Taylor.
Sea monk \Sea" monk`\ (Zo["o]l.)
See {Monk seal}, under {Monk}.
Sea monster \Sea" mon"ster\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any large sea animal.
Sea moss \Sea" moss`\ (?; 115). (Zo["o]l.)
Any branched marine bryozoan resembling moss.
Sea mouse \Sea" mouse`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A dorsibranchiate annelid, belonging to {Aphrodite} and
allied genera, having long, slender, hairlike set[ae] on
the sides.
(b) The dunlin.
Seamster \Seam"ster\, n. [See {Seamstress}.]
One who sews well, or whose occupation is to sew. [Obs.]
Seamstress \Seam"stress\ (?; 277), n. [From older seamster,
properly fem., AS. se['a]mestre. See {Seam}.]
A woman whose occupation is sewing; a needlewoman.
Seamstressy \Seam"stress*y\, n.
The business of a seamstress.
Sea mud \Sea" mud`\
A rich slimy deposit in salt marshes and along the seashore,
sometimes used as a manure; -- called also {sea ooze}.
Seamy \Seam"y\, a.
Having a seam; containing seams, or showing them. ``Many a
seamy scar.'' --Burns.
Everything has its fair, as well as its seamy, side.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Sean \Sean\, n.
A seine. See {Seine}. [Prov. Eng.]
S'eance \S['e]`ance"\, n. [F., fr. L. sedens, -entis, p. pr. of
sedere to sit. See {Sit}.]
A session, as of some public body; especially, a meeting of
spiritualists to receive spirit communication, so called.
Sea needle \Sea" nee"dle\ (Zo["o]l.)
See {Garfish}
(a) .
Sea nettle \Sea" net`tle\
A jellyfish, or medusa.
Seannachie \Sean"na*chie\, n. [Gael. seanachaidh.]
A bard among the Highlanders of Scotland, who preserved and
repeated the traditions of the tribes; also, a genealogist.
[Written also {senachy}.] [Scot.]
Sea onion \Sea" on"ion\ (Bot.)
The officinal squill. See {Squill}.
Sea ooze \Sea" ooze`\
Same as {Sea mud}. --Mortimer.
Sea orange \Sea" or"ange\ (Zo["o]l.)
A large American holothurian ({Lophothuria Fabricii}) having
a bright orange convex body covered with finely granulated
scales. Its expanded tentacles are bright red.
Sea-orb \Sea"-orb`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A globefish.
Sea otter \Sea" ot"ter\ (Zo["o]l.)
An aquatic carnivore ({Enhydris lutris, or marina}) found in
the North Pacific Ocean. Its fur is highly valued, especially
by the Chinese. It is allied to the common otter, but is
larger, with feet more decidedly webbed.
{Sea-otter's cabbage} (Bot.), a gigantic kelp of the Pacific
Ocean ({Nereocystis Lutkeana}). See {Nereocystis}.
Sea owl \Sea" owl`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The lumpfish.
Sea pad \Sea" pad`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The puffin.
Sea partridge \Sea" par"tridge\ (Zo["o]l.)
The gilthead ({Crenilabrus melops}), a fish of the British
coasts.
Sea pass \Sea" pass`\
A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of
war, to show their nationality; a sea letter or passport. See
{Passport}.
Sea peach \Sea" peach`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A beautiful American ascidian ({Cynthia, or Halocynthia,
pyriformis}) having the size, form, velvety surface, and
color of a ripe peach.
Sea pear \Sea" pear`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A pedunculated ascidian of the genus {Boltonia}.
Sea-pen \Sea"-pen"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A pennatula.
Sea perch \Sea" perch`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European bass ({Roccus, or Labrax, lupus}); -- called
also {sea dace}.
(b) The cunner.
(c) The sea bass.
(d) The name is applied also to other species of fishes.
Sea pheasant \Sea" pheas"ant\ (Zo["o]l.)
The pintail duck.
Sea pie \Sea" pie\ (Zo["o]l.)
The oyster catcher, a limicoline bird of the genus
{H[ae]matopus}.
Sea pie \Sea" pie`\
A dish of crust or pastry and meat or fish, etc., cooked
together in alternate layers, -- a common food of sailors;
as, a three-decker sea pie.
Seapiece \Sea"piece`\, n.
A picture representing a scene at sea; a marine picture.
--Addison.
Sea piet \Sea" pi"et\ (Zo["o]l.)
See 1st {Sea pie}.
Sea pig \Sea" pig`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A porpoise or dolphin.
(b) A dugong.
Sea pigeon \Sea" pi"geon\
The common guillemot.
Sea pike \Sea" pike`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The garfish.
(b) A large serranoid food fish ({Centropomus undecimalis})
found on both coasts of America; -- called also {robalo}.
(c) The merluce.
Sea pincushion \Sea" pin`cush`ion\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A sea purse.
(b) A pentagonal starfish.
Sea pink \Sea" pink`\ (Bot.)
See {Thrift}.
Sea plover \Sea" plov"er\
the black-bellied plover.
Sea poacher \Sea" poach"er\ Sea poker \Sea" pok"er\ (Zo["o]l.)
The lyrie.
Sea pool \Sea" pool`\
A pool of salt water. --Spenser.
Sea poppy \Sea" pop"py\ (Bot.)
The horn poppy. See under {Horn}.
Sea porcupine \Sea" por"cu*pine\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any fish of the genus {Diodon}, and allied genera, whose body
is covered with spines. See Illust. under {Diodon}.
Sea pork \Sea" pork`\ (Zo["o]l.)
An American compound ascidian ({Amor[ae]cium stellatum})
which forms large whitish masses resembling salt pork.
Seaport \Sea"port`\ (s[=e]"p[=o]rt`), n.
A port on the seashore, or one accessible for seagoing
vessels. Also used adjectively; as, a seaport town.
Seapoy \Sea"poy\ (s[=e]"poy), n.
See {Sepoy}.
Sea pudding \Sea" pud"ding\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any large holothurian. [Prov. Eng.]
Sea purse \Sea" purse`\ (s[=e]" p[^u]rs`). (Zo["o]l.)
The horny egg case of a skate, and of certain sharks.
Sea purslane \Sea" purs"lane\ (Bot.)
See under {Purslane}.
Sea pye \Sea" pye`\ (Zo["o]l.)
See 1st {Sea pie}.
Sea pyot \Sea" py"ot\ (Zo["o]l.)
See 1st {Sea pie}.
Sea quail \Sea" quail`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The turnstone.
Seaquake \Sea"quake`\ (s[=e]"kw[=a]k`), n.
A quaking of the sea.
Sear \Sear\, Sere \Sere\ (s[=e]r), a.
[OE. seer, AS. se['a]r (assumed) fr. se['a]rian to wither;
akin to D. zoor dry, LG. soor, OHG. sor[=e]n to to wither,
Gr. a"y`ein to parch, to dry, Skr. [,c]ush (for sush) to dry,
to wither, Zend hush to dry. [root]152. Cf. {Austere},
{Sorrel}, a.] Dry; withered; no longer green; -- applied to
leaves. --Milton.
I have lived long enough; my way of life Is fall'n into
the sear, the yellow leaf. --Shak.
Sear \Sear\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Searing}.] [OE. seeren, AS. se['a]rian. See {Sear}, a.]
1. To wither; to dry up. --Shak.
2. To burn (the surface of) to dryness and hardness; to
cauterize; to expose to a degree of heat such as changes
the color or the hardness and texture of the surface; to
scorch; to make callous; as, to sear the skin or flesh.
Also used figuratively.
I'm seared with burning steel. --Rowe.
It was in vain that the amiable divine tried to give
salutary pain to that seared conscience. --Macaulay.
The discipline of war, being a discipline in
destruction of life, is a discipline in callousness.
Whatever sympathies exist are seared. --H. Spencer.
Note: Sear is allied to scorch in signification; but it is
applied primarily to animal flesh, and has special
reference to the effect of heat in marking the surface
hard. Scorch is applied to flesh, cloth, or any other
substance, and has no reference to the effect of
hardness.
{To sear}, to close by searing. ``Cherish veins of good
humor, and sear up those of ill.'' --Sir W. Temple.
Sear \Sear\, n. [F. serre a grasp, pressing, fr. L. sera. See
{Serry}.]
The catch in a gunlock by which the hammer is held cocked or
half cocked.
{Sear spring}, the spring which causes the sear to catch in
the notches by which the hammer is held.
Sea rat \Sea" rat`\
1. A pirate. [R.] --Massinger.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The chim[ae]ra.
Sea raven \Sea" ra"ven\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An American cottoid fish ({Hemitripterus Americanus})
allied to the sculpins, found on the northeren
Atlantic coasts.
(b) The cormorant.
Searce \Searce\, n. [See {Sarse}.]
A fine sieve. [Obs.]
Searce \Searce\, v. t.
To sift; to bolt. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Searcer \Sear"cer\, n.
1. One who sifts or bolts. [Obs.]
2. A searce, or sieve. [Obs.] --Holland.
Search \Search\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Searched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Searching}.] [OE. serchen, cerchen, OF. cerchier, F.
chercher, L. circare to go about, fr. L. circum, circa,
around. See {Circle}.]
1. To look over or through, for the purpose of finding
something; to examine; to explore; as, to search the city.
``Search the Scriptures.'' --John v. 39.
They are come to search the house. --Shak.
Search me, O God, and know my heart. --Ps. cxxxix.
23.
2. To inquire after; to look for; to seek.
I will both search my sheep, and seek them out.
--Ezek. xxxiv.
11.
Enough is left besides to search and know. --Milton.
3. To examine or explore by feeling with an instrument; to
probe; as, to search a wound.
4. To examine; to try; to put to the test.
{To search out}, to seek till found; to find by seeking; as,
to search out truth.
Syn: To explore; examine; scrutinize; seek; investigate; pry
into; inquire.
Search \Search\, v. i.
To seek; to look for something; to make inquiry, exploration,
or examination; to hunt.
Once more search with me. --Shak.
It sufficeth that they have once with care sifted the
matter, and searched into all the particulars. --Locke.
Search \Search\, n. [Cf. OF. cerche. See {Search}, v. t.]
The act of seeking or looking for something; quest; inquiry;
pursuit for finding something; examination.
Thus the orb he roamed With narrow search, and with
inspection deep Considered every creature. --Milton.
Nor did my search of liberty begin Till my black hairs
were changed upon my chin. --Dryden.
{Right of search} (Mar. Law), the right of the lawfully
commissioned cruisers of belligerent nations to examine
and search private merchant vessels on the high seas, for
the enemy's property or for articles contraband of war.
{Search warrant} (Law), a warrant legally issued, authorizing
an examination or search of a house, or other place, for
goods stolen, secreted, or concealed.
Syn: Scrutiny; examination; exploration; investigation;
research; inquiry; quest; pursuit.
Searchable \Search"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being searched.
Searchableness \Search"a*ble*ness\, n.
Quality of being searchable.
Searcher \Search"er\, n. [Cf. OF. cercheor inspector.]
One who, or that which, searhes or examines; a seeker; an
inquirer; an examiner; a trier. Specifically:
(a) Formerly, an officer in London appointed to examine the
bodies of the dead, and report the cause of death.
--Graunt.
(b) An officer of the customs whose business it is to search
ships, merchandise, luggage, etc.
(c) An inspector of leather. [Prov. Eng.]
(d) (Gun.) An instrument for examining the bore of a cannon,
to detect cavities.
(e) An implement for sampling butter; a butter trier.
(j) (Med.) An instrument for feeling after calculi in the
bladder, etc.
Searching \Search"ing\, a.
Exploring thoroughly; scrutinizing; penetrating; trying; as,
a searching discourse; a searching eye. ``Piercing,
searching, biting, cold.'' --Dickens. -- {Search"ing*ly},
adv. -- {Search"ing*ness}, n.
Searchless \Search"less\, a.
Impossible to be searched; inscrutable; impenetrable.
Searcloth \Sear"cloth`\ (?; 115), n.
Cerecloth. --Mortimer.
Searcloth \Sear"cloth\, v. t.
To cover, as a sore, with cerecloth.
Seared \Seared\, a.
Scorched; cauterized; hence, figuratively, insensible; not
susceptible to moral influences.
A seared conscience and a remorseless heart.
--Macaulay.
Searedness \Sear"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being seared or callous; insensibility. --Bp.
Hall.
Sea reed \Sea" reed`\ (Bot.)
The sea-sand reed. See under {Reed}.
Sea risk \Sea" risk\
Risk of injury, destruction, or loss by the sea, or while at
sea.
Sea robber \Sea" rob"ber\
A pirate; a sea rover.
Sea robin \Sea" rob"in\
See under {Robin}, and Illustration in Appendix.
Sea rocket \Sea" rock"et\(Bot.)
See under {Rocket}.
Sea room \Sea" room`\ (Naut.)
Room or space at sea for a vessel to maneuver, drive, or
scud, without peril of running ashore or aground. --Totten.
Sea rover \Sea" rov"er\
One that cruises or roves the sea for plunder; a sea robber;
a pirate; also, a piratical vessel.
Sea-roving \Sea"-rov"ing\, a.
Cruising at random on the ocean.
Sea salmon \Sea" salm"on\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A young pollock.
(b) The spotted squeteague.
(c) See {Sea bass}
(b) .
Sea salt \Sea" salt`\
Common salt, obtained from sea water by evaporation.
Sea sandpiper \Sea" sand"pi`per\ (Zo["o]l.)
The purple sandpiper.
Sea sandwort \Sea" sand"wort`\ (Bot.)
See {Sea chickweed}.
Sea saurian \Sea" sau"ri*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any marine saurian; esp. (Paleon.) the large extinct species
of Mosasaurus, Icthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus, and related
genera.
Seascape \Sea"scape\, n. [Cf. {Landscape}.]
A picture representing a scene at sea. [Jocose] --Thackeray.
Sea scorpion \Sea" scor"pi*on\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A European sculpin ({Cottus scorpius}) having the head
armed with short spines.
(b) The scorpene.
Sea scurf \Sea" scurf`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any bryozoan which forms rounded or irregular patches of
coral on stones, seaweeds, etc.
Sea serpent \Sea" ser`pent\
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any marine snake. See {Sea snake}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A large marine animal of unknown nature, often
reported to have been seen at sea, but never yet captured.
Note: Many accounts of sea serpents are imaginary or
fictitious; others are greatly exaggerated and
distorted by incompetent observers; but a number have
been given by competent and trustworthy persons, which
indicate that several diverse animals have been called
sea serpents. Among these are, apparently, several
large snakelike fishes, as the oar fish, or ribbon fish
({Regalecus}), and huge conger eels. Other accounts
probably refer to the giant squids ({Architeuthis}).
Some of the best accounts seem to describe a marine
saurian, like the fossil Mosasauri, which were large
serpentlike creatures with paddles.
Seashell \Sea"shell`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The shell of any marine mollusk.
Seashore \Sea"shore`\, n.
1. The coast of the sea; the land that lies adjacent to the
sea or ocean.
2. (Law) All the ground between the ordinary highwater and
low-water marks.
Seasick \Sea"sick`\, a.
Affected with seasickness.
Seasickness \Sea"sick`ness\, n.
The peculiar sickness, characterized by nausea and
prostration, which is caused by the pitching or rolling of a
vessel.
Seaside \Sea"side`\, n.
The land bordering on, or adjacent to, the sea; the seashore.
Also used adjectively.
Sea slater \Sea" slat"er\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any isopod crustacean of the genus {Ligia}.
Sea slug \Sea" slug`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A holothurian.
(b) A nudibranch mollusk.
Sea snail \Sea" snail`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small fish of the genus {Liparis}, having a ventral
sucker. It lives among stones and seaweeds.
(b) Any small creeping marine gastropod, as the species of
Littorina, Natica, etc.
Sea snake \Sea" snake`\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of many species of venomous aquatic snakes of the
family {Hydrophid[ae]}, having a flattened tail and living
entirely in the sea, especially in the warmer parts of the
Indian and Pacific Oceans. They feed upon fishes, and are
mostly of moderate size, but some species become eight or ten
feet long and four inches broad.
Sea snipe \Sea" snipe`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A sandpiper, as the knot and dunlin.
(b) The bellows fish.
Season \Sea"son\, n. [OE. sesoun, F. saison, properly, the
sowing time, fr. L. satio a sowing, a planting, fr. serere,
satum, to sow, plant; akin to E. sow, v., to scatter, as
seed.]
1. One of the divisions of the year, marked by alternations
in the length of day and night, or by distinct conditions
of temperature, moisture, etc., caused mainly by the
relative position of the earth with respect to the sun. In
the north temperate zone, four seasons, namely, spring,
summer, autumn, and winter, are generally recognized. Some
parts of the world have three seasons, -- the dry, the
rainy, and the cold; other parts have but two, -- the dry
and the rainy.
The several seasons of the year in their beauty.
--Addison.
2. Hence, a period of time, especially as regards its fitness
for anything contemplated or done; a suitable or
convenient time; proper conjuncture; as, the season for
planting; the season for rest.
The season, prime for sweetest scents and airs.
--Milton.
3. A period of time not very long; a while; a time.
Thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a
season. --Acts xiii.
11.
4. That which gives relish; seasoning. [Obs.]
You lack the season of all natures, sleep. --Shak.
{In season}, in good time, or sufficiently early for the
purpose.
{Out of season}, beyond or out of the proper time of the
usual or appointed time.
Season \Sea"son\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seasoned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Seasoning}.]
1. To render suitable or appropriate; to prepare; to fit.
He is fit and seasoned for his passage. --Shak.
2. To fit for any use by time or habit; to habituate; to
accustom; to inure; to ripen; to mature; as, to season one
to a climate.
3. Hence, to prepare by drying or hardening, or removal of
natural juices; as, to season timber.
4. To fit for taste; to render palatable; to give zest or
relish to; to spice; as, to season food.
5. Hence, to fit for enjoyment; to render agrecable.
You season still with sports your serious hours.
--Dryden.
The proper use of wit is to season conversation.
--Tillotson.
6. To qualify by admixture; to moderate; to temper. ``When
mercy seasons justice.'' --Shak.
7. To imbue; to tinge or taint. ``Who by his tutor being
seasoned with the love of the truth.'' --Fuller.
Season their younger years with prudent and pious
principles. --Jer. Taylor.
8. To copulate with; to impregnate. [R.] --Holland.
Season \Sea"son\, v. i.
1. To become mature; to grow fit for use; to become adapted
to a climate.
2. To become dry and hard, by the escape of the natural
juices, or by being penetrated with other substance; as,
timber seasons in the sun.
3. To give token; to savor. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Seasonable \Sea"son*a*ble\, a.
Occurring in good time, in due season, or in proper time for
the purpose; suitable to the season; opportune; timely; as, a
seasonable supply of rain.
Mercy is seasonable in the time of affliction.
--Ecclus.
xxxv. 20.
-- {Sea"son*a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Sea"son*a*bly}, adv.
Seasonage \Sea"son*age\, n.
A seasoning. [Obs.] --outh.
Seasonal \Sea"son*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the seasons.
{Seasonal dimorphism} (Zo["o]l.), the condition of having two
distinct varieties which appear at different seasons, as
certain species of butterflies in which the spring brood
differs from the summer or autumnal brood.
Seasoner \Sea"son*er\, n.
One who, or that which, seasons, or gives a relish; a
seasoning.
Seasoning \Sea"son*ing\, n.
1. The act or process by which anything is seasoned.
2. That which is added to any species of food, to give it a
higher relish, as salt, spices, etc.; a condiment.
3. Hence, something added to enhance enjoyment or relieve
dullness; as, wit is the seasoning of conversation.
Political speculations are of so dry and austere a
nature, that they will not go down with the public
without frequent seasonings. --Addison.
{Seasoning tub} (Bakery), a trough in which dough is set to
rise. --Knight.
Seasonless \Sea"son*less\, a.
Without succession of the seasons.
Sea spider \Sea" spi"der\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any maioid crab; a spider crab. See {Maioid}, and {Spider
crab}, under {Spider}.
(b) Any pycnogonid.
Sea squirt \Sea" squirt`\ (Zo["o]l.)
An ascidian. See Illust. under {Tunicata}.
Sea star \Sea" star`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A starfish, or brittle star.
Sea surgeon \Sea" sur"geon\ (Zo["o]l.)
A surgeon fish.
Sea swallow \Sea" swal"low\
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The common tern.
(b) The storm petrel.
(c) The gannet.
2. (Her.) See {Cornish chough}, under {Chough}.
Seat \Seat\, n. [OE. sete, Icel. s[ae]ti; akin to Sw. s["a]te,
Dan. s[ae]de, MHG. s[=a]ze, AS. set, setl, and E. sit.
[root]154. See {Sit}, and cf. {Settle}, n.]
1. The place or thing upon which one sits; hence; anything
made to be sat in or upon, as a chair, bench, stool,
saddle, or the like.
And Jesus . . . overthrew the tables of the money
changers, and the seats of them that sold doves.
--Matt. xxi.
12.
2. The place occupied by anything, or where any person or
thing is situated, resides, or abides; a site; an abode, a
station; a post; a situation.
Where thou dwellest, even where Satan's seat is.
--Rev. ii. 13.
He that builds a fair house upon an ill seat
committeth himself to prison. --Bacon.
A seat of plenty, content, and tranquillity.
--Macaulay.
3. That part of a thing on which a person sits; as, the seat
of a chair or saddle; the seat of a pair of pantaloons.
4. A sitting; a right to sit; regular or appropriate place of
sitting; as, a seat in a church; a seat for the season in
the opera house.
5. Posture, or way of sitting, on horseback.
She had so good a seat and hand she might be trusted
with any mount. --G. Eliot.
6. (Mach.) A part or surface on which another part or surface
rests; as, a valve seat.
{Seat worm} (Zo["o]l.), the pinworm.
Seat \Seat\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Seating}.]
1. To place on a seat; to cause to sit down; as, to seat
one's self.
The guests were no sooner seated but they entered
into a warm debate. --Arbuthnot.
2. To cause to occupy a post, site, situation, or the like;
to station; to establish; to fix; to settle.
Thus high . . . is King Richard seated. --Shak.
They had seated themselves in New Guiana. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
3. To assign a seat to, or the seats of; to give a sitting
to; as, to seat a church, or persons in a church.
4. To fix; to set firm.
From their foundations, loosening to and fro, They
plucked the seated hills. --Milton.
5. To settle; to plant with inhabitants; as to seat a
country. [Obs.] --W. Stith.
6. To put a seat or bottom in; as, to seat a chair.
Seat \Seat\, v. i.
To rest; to lie down. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Sea tang \Sea" tang`\ (Bot.)
A kind of seaweed; tang; tangle.
To their nests of sedge and sea tang. --Longfellow.
Sea term \Sea" term`\
A term used specifically by seamen; a nautical word or
phrase.
Sea thief \Sea" thief`\
A pirate. --Drayton.
Sea thongs \Sea" thongs`\ (?; 115). (Bot.)
A kind of blackish seaweed ({Himanthalia lorea}) found on the
northern coasts of the Atlantic. It has a thonglike forking
process rising from a top-shaped base.
Seating \Seat"ing\, n.
1. The act of providong with a seat or seats; as, the seating
of an audience.
2. The act of making seats; also, the material for making
seats; as, cane seating.
Sea titling \Sea" tit"ling\ (Zo["o]l.)
The rock pipit.
Seatless \Seat"less\, a.
Having no seat.
Sea toad \Sea" toad`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A sculpin.
(b) A toadfish.
(c) The angler.
Sea trout \Sea" trout`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of true trouts which descend
rivers and enter the sea after spawning, as the European
bull trout and salmon trout, and the eastern American
spotted trout.
(b) The common squeteague, and the spotted squeteague.
(c) A California fish of the family {Chirid[ae]}, especially
{Hexagrammus decagrammus}; -- called also {spotted rock
trout}. See {Rock trout}, under {Rock}.
(d) A California sci[ae]noid fish ({Cynoscion nobilis}); --
called also {white sea bass}.
Sea trumpet \Sea" trum"pet\
1. (Bot.) A great blackish seaweed of the Southern Ocean,
having a hollow and expanding stem and a pinnate frond,
sometimes twenty feet long.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any large marine univalve shell of the genus
Triton. See {Triton}.
Sea turn \Sea" turn`\
A breeze, gale, or mist from the sea. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Sea turtle \Sea" tur"tle\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several very large species of chelonians
having the feet converted into paddles, as the green
turtle, hawkbill, loggerhead, and leatherback. They
inhabit all warm seas.
(b) The sea pigeon, or guillemot.
Sea unicorn \Sea" u"ni*corn\ (Zo["o]l.)
The narwhal.
Sea urchin \Sea" ur"chin\ (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of echinoderms of the order
Echinoidea.
Note: When living they are covered with movable spines which
are often long and sharp.
Seave \Seave\, n. [Cf. Dan. siv, Sw. s["a]f, Icel. sef.]
A rush. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Seavy \Seav`y\, a.
Overgrown with rushes. [Prov. Eng.]
Sea wall \Sea" wall`\ [AS. s[ae]weall.]
A wall, or embankment, to resist encroachments of the sea.
Sea-walled \Sea"-walled`\, a.
Surrounded, bounded, or protected by the sea, as if by a
wall. --Shak.
Seawan \Sea"wan\, Seawant \Sea"want\, n.
The name used by the Algonquin Indians for the shell beads
which passed among the Indians as money.
Note: Seawan was of two kinds; wampum, white, and suckanhock,
black or purple, -- the former having half the value of
the latter. Many writers, however, use the terms seawan
and wampum indiscriminately. --Bartlett.
Seawand \Sea"wand`\ . (Bot.)
See {Sea girdles}.
Seaward \Sea"ward\, a.
Directed or situated toward the sea. --Donne.
Two still clouds . . . sparkled on their seaward edges
like a frosted fleece. --G. W. Cable.
Seaward \Sea"ward\, adv.
Toward the sea. --Drayton.
Seaware \Sea"ware`\, n. [Cf. AS. s[=ae]w[=a]r seaweed.] (Bot.)
Seaweed; esp., coarse seaweed. See {Ware}, and {Sea girdles}.
Seaweed \Sea"weed`\, n.
1. Popularly, any plant or plants growing in the sea.
2. (Bot.) Any marine plant of the class Alg[ae], as kelp,
dulse, Fucus, Ulva, etc.
Sea whip \Sea" whip`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A gorgonian having a simple stem.
Sea widgeon \Sea" wid"geon\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The scaup duck.
(b) The pintail duck.
Seawife \Sea"wife`\, n.; pl. {Seawives}. (Zo["o]l.)
A European wrasse ({Labrus vetula}).
Sea willow \Sea" wil"low\ (Zo["o]l.)
A gorgonian coral with long flexible branches.
Sea wing \Sea" wing`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A wing shell ({Avicula}).
Sea withwind \Sea" with"wind`\ (Bot.)
A kind of bindweed ({Convolvulus Soldanella}) growing on the
seacoast of Europe.
Sea wolf \Sea" wolf`\ (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The wolf fish.
(b) The European sea perch.
(c) The sea elephant.
(d) A sea lion.
Sea woodcock \Sea" wood"cock`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The bar-tailed godwit.
Sea wood louse \Sea" wood louse`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A sea slater.
Sea wormwood \Sea" worm"wood`\ (Bot.)
A European species of wormwood ({Artemisia maritima}) growing
by the sea.
Seaworthiness \Sea"wor`thi*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being seaworthy, or able to resist
the ordinary violence of wind and weather. --Kent.
Seaworthy \Sea"wor`thy\, a.
Fit for a voyage; worthy of being trusted to transport a
cargo with safety; as, a seaworthy ship.
Sea wrack \Sea" wrack`\ (Bot.)
See {Wrack}.
Sebaceous \Se*ba"ceous\, a. [NL. sebaceus, from L. sebum tallow,
grease.] (Physiol.)
Pertaining to, or secreting, fat; composed of fat; having the
appearance of fat; as, the sebaceous secretions of some
plants, or the sebaceous humor of animals.
{Sebaceous cyst} (Med.), a cyst formed by distention of a
sebaceous gland, due to obstruction of its excretory duct.
{Sebaceous glands} (Anat.), small subcutaneous glands,
usually connected with hair follicles. They secrete an
oily semifluid matter, composed in great part of fat,
which softens and lubricates the hair and skin.
Sebacic \Se*bac"ic\, a. [L. sebum tallow: cf. F. s['e]bacique.]
(Chem.)
Of or pertaining to fat; derived from, or resembling, fat;
specifically, designating an acid (formerly called also
{sebic}, and {pyroleic}, acid), obtained by the distillation
or saponification of certain oils (as castor oil) as a white
crystalline substance.
Sebat \Se"bat\, n. [Heb. sh[e^]b[=a]t.]
The eleventh month of the ancient Hebrew year, approximately
corresponding with February. --W. Smith (Bibl. Dict. ).
Sebate \Se"bate\ (s[=e]"b\ddt), n. (Chem.)
A salt of sebacic acid.
Sebesten \Se*bes"ten\, n. [Ar. sebest[=a]n the tree: cf. Sp.
sebesten.] (Bot.)
The mucilaginous drupaceous fruit of two East Indian trees
({Cordia Myxa}, and {C. latifolia}), sometimes used
medicinally in pectoral diseases.
Note: In the West Indies the name is given to the similar
fruit of {Cordia Sebestana}.
Sebic \Se"bic\, a.
See {Sebacic}. [Obs.]
Sebiferous \Se*bif"er*ous\, a. [L. sebum tallow + -ferous.]
1. (Bot.) Producing vegetable tallow.
2. (Physiol.) Producing fat; sebaceous; as, the sebiferous,
or sebaceous, glands.
Sebiparous \Se*bip"a*rous\, a. [L. sebum tallow + parere to
bring forth.] (Physiol.)
Same as {Sebiferous}.
Seborrhea \Seb"or*rhe*a\, n. [NL., fr. L. sebum tallow + Gr. ?
to flow.] (Med.)
A morbidly increased discharge of sebaceous matter upon the
skin; stearrhea.
Secale \Se*ca"le\, n. [L., a kind of grain.] (Bot.)
A genus of cereal grasses including rye.
Secancy \Se"can*cy\, n. [See {Secant}.]
A cutting; an intersection; as, the point of secancy of one
line by another. [R.] --Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).
Secant \Se"cant\, a. [L. secans, -antis, p. pr. of secare to
cut. See {Section}.]
Cutting; divivding into two parts; as, a secant line.
Secant \Secant\, n. [Cf. F. s['e]cante. See {Secant}, a.]
1. (Geom.) A line that cuts another; especially, a straight
line cutting a curve in two or more points.
2. (Trig.) A right line drawn from the center of a circle
through one end of a circular arc, and terminated by a
tangent drawn from the other end; the number expressing
the ratio line of this line to the radius of the circle.
See {Trigonometrical function}, under {Function}.
Secco \Sec"co\, a. [It.]
Dry.
{Secco painting}, or {Painting in secco}, painting on dry
plaster, as distinguished from fresco painting, which is
on wet or fresh plaster.
Secede \Se"cede"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Seceded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Seceding}.] [L. secedere, secessum; pref se- aside +
cedere to go, move. See {Cede}.]
To withdraw from fellowship, communion, or association; to
separate one's self by a solemn act; to draw off; to retire;
especially, to withdraw from a political or religious body.
Seceder \Se*ced"er\, n.
1. One who secedes.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a numerous body of Presbyterians in
Scotland who seceded from the communion of the Established
Church, about the year 1733, and formed the Secession
Church, so called.
Secern \Se*cern"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Secerned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Secerning}.] [L. secernere. See {Secrete}.]
1. To separate; to distinguish.
Averroes secerns a sense of titillation, and a sense
of hunger and thirst. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. (Physiol.) To secrete; as, mucus secerned in the nose.
--Arbuthnot.
Secernent \Se*cern"ent\, a. [L. secernens, p. pr.] (Physiol.)
Secreting; secretory.
Secernent \Se*cern"ent\, n.
1. That which promotes secretion.
2. (Anat.) A vessel in, or by means of, which the process of
secretion takes place; a secreting vessel.
Secernment \Se*cern"ment\, n. (Physiol.)
The act or process of secreting.
Secess \Se*cess"\, n. [L. secessus. See {Secede}.]
Retirement; retreat; secession. [Obs.] --R. H. More.
Secession \Se*ces"sion\, n. [L. secessio: cf. F. s['e]cession.
See {Secede}.]
1. The act of seceding; separation from fellowship or
association with others, as in a religious or political
organization; withdrawal.
2. (U.S. Hist.) The withdrawal of a State from the national
Union.
{Secession Church} (in Scotland). See {Seceder}.
Secessionism \Se*ces"sion*ism\, n.
The doctrine or policy of secession; the tenets of secession;
the tenets of secessionists.
Secessionist \Se*ces"sion*ist\, n.
1. One who upholds secession.
2. (U.S. Hist.) One who holds to the belief that a State has
the right to separate from the Union at its will.
Seche \Seche\, v. t. & i.
To seek. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sechium \Se"chi*um\, n. [NL.: cf. F. s['e]chion; perhaps formed
fr. Gr. ? cucumber.] (Bot.)
The edible fruit of a West Indian plant ({Sechium edule}) of
the Gourd family. It is soft, pear-shaped, and about four
inches long, and contains a single large seed. The root of
the plant resembles a yam, and is used for food.
Seck \Seck\, a. [F. sec, properly, dry, L. siccua.]
Barren; unprofitable. See {Rent seck}, under {Rent}.
Seckel \Seck"el\, n. (Bot.)
A small reddish brown sweet and juicy pear. It originated on
a farm near Philadelphia, afterwards owned by a Mr. Seckel.
Secle \Se"cle\, n. [L. saeculum: cf. F. si[`e]cle. See
{Secular}.]
A century. [Obs.] --Hammond.
Seclude \Se*clude\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Secluded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Secluding}.] [L. secludere, seclusum pref. se- aside +
claudere to shut. See {Close}, v. t.]
1. To shut up apart from others; to withdraw into, or place
in, solitude; to separate from society or intercourse with
others.
Let Eastern tyrants from the light of heaven Seclude
their bosom slaves. --Thomson.
2. To shut or keep out; to exclude. [Obs.] --Evelyn. --
{Se*clud"ed*ly}, adv. -- {Se*clud"ed*ness}, n.
Seclusion \Se*clu"sion\, n. [See {Seclude}.]
The act of secluding, or the state of being secluded;
separation from society or connection; a withdrawing;
privacy; as, to live in seclusion.
O blest seclusion from a jarring world, which he, thus
occupied, enjoys! --Cowper.
Syn: Solitude; separation; withdrawment; retirement; privacy.
See {Solitude}.
Seclusive \Se*clu"sive\, a.
Tending to seclude; keeping in seclusion; secluding;
sequestering.
Second \Sec"ond\, a. [F., fr. L. secundus second, properly,
following, fr. sequi to follow. See {Sue} to follow, and cf.
{Secund}.]
1. Immediately following the first; next to the first in
order of place or time; hence, occuring again; another;
other.
And he slept and dreamed the second time. --Gen.
xli. 5.
2. Next to the first in value, power, excellence, dignity, or
rank; secondary; subordinate; inferior.
May the day when we become the second people upon
earth . . . be the day of our utter extirpation.
--Landor.
3. Being of the same kind as another that has preceded;
another, like a protype; as, a second Cato; a second Troy;
a second deluge.
A Daniel, still say I, a second Daniel! --Shak.
{Second Adventist}. See {Adventist}.
{Second cousin}, the child of a cousin.
{Second-cut file}. See under {File}.
{Second distance} (Art), that part of a picture between the
foreground and the background; -- called also {middle
ground}, or {middle distance}. [R.]
{Second estate} (Eng.), the House of Peers.
{Second girl}, a female house-servant who does the lighter
work, as chamber work or waiting on table.
{Second intention}. See under {Intention}.
{Second story}, {Story floor}, in America, the second range
of rooms from the street level. This, in England, is
called the {first floor}, the one beneath being the ground
floor.
{Second} {thought or thoughts}, consideration of a matter
following a first impulse or impression; reconsideration.
On second thoughts, gentlemen, I don't wish you had
known him. --Dickens.
Second \Sec"ond\, n.
1. One who, or that which, follows, or comes after; one next
and inferior in place, time, rank, importance, excellence,
or power.
Man an angel's second, nor his second long. --Young.
2. One who follows or attends another for his support and
aid; a backer; an assistant; specifically, one who acts as
another's aid in a duel.
Being sure enough of seconds after the first onset.
--Sir H.
Wotton.
3. Aid; assistance; help. [Obs.]
Give second, and my love Is everlasting thine. --J.
Fletcher.
4. pl. An article of merchandise of a grade inferior to the
best; esp., a coarse or inferior kind of flour.
5. [F. seconde. See {Second}, a.] The sixtieth part of a
minute of time or of a minute of space, that is, the
second regular subdivision of the degree; as, sound moves
about 1,140 English feet in a second; five minutes and ten
seconds north of this place.
6. In the duodecimal system of mensuration, the twelfth part
of an inch or prime; a line. See {Inch}, and {Prime}, n.,
8.
7. (Mus.)
(a) The interval between any tone and the tone which is
represented on the degree of the staff next above it.
(b) The second part in a concerted piece; -- often
popularly applied to the alto.
{Second hand}, the hand which marks the seconds on the dial
of a watch or a clock.
Second \Sec"ond\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seconded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Seconding}.] [Cf. F. seconder, L. secundare, from
secundus. See {Second}, a.]
1. To follow in the next place; to succeed; to alternate.
[R.]
In the method of nature, a low valley is immediately
seconded with an ambitious hill. --Fuller.
Sin is seconded with sin. --South.
2. To follow or attend for the purpose of assisting; to
support; to back; to act as the second of; to assist; to
forward; to encourage.
We have supplies to second our attempt. --Shak.
In human works though labored on with pain, A
thousand movements scarce one purpose gain; In
God's, one single can its end produce, Yet serves to
second too some other use. --Pope.
3. Specifically, to support, as a motion or proposal, by
adding one's voice to that of the mover or proposer.
Secondarily \Sec"ond*a*ri*ly\, adv.
1. In a secondary manner or degree.
2. Secondly; in the second place. [Obs.]
God hath set some in the church, first apostels,
secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers. --1 Cor.
xii. 28.
Secondariness \Sec"ond*a*ri*ness\, n.
The state of being secondary.
Full of a girl's sweet sense of secondariness to the
object of her love. --Mrs.
Oliphant.
Secondary \Sec"ond*a*ry\, a. [Cf. F. secondaire, L. secundaire.
See {Second}, a.]
1. Suceeding next in order to the first; of second place,
origin, rank, rank, etc.; not primary; subordinate; not of
the first order or rate.
Wheresoever there is normal right on the one hand,
no secondary right can discharge it. --L'Estrange.
Two are the radical differences; the secondary
differences are as four. --Bacon.
2. Acting by deputation or delegated authority; as, the work
of secondary hands.
3. (Chem.) Possessing some quality, or having been subject to
some operation (as substitution), in the second degree;
as, a secondary salt, a secondary amine, etc. Cf.
{primary}.
4. (Min.) Subsequent in origin; -- said of minerals produced
by alteertion or deposition subsequent to the formation of
the original rocks mass; also of characters of minerals
(as secondary cleavage, etc.) developed by pressure or
other causes.
5. (Zo["o]l.) Pertaining to the second joint of the wing of a
bird.
6. (Med.) Dependent or consequent upon another disease; as,
Bright's disease is often secondary to scarlet fever.
(b) Occuring in the second stage of a disease; as, the
secondary symptoms of syphilis.
{Secondary accent}. See the Note under {Accent}, n., 1.
{Secondary age}. (Geol.) The Mesozoic age, or age before the
Tertiary. See {Mesozoic}, and Note under {Age}, n., 8.
{Secondary alcohol} (Chem.), any one of a series of alcohols
which contain the radical {CH.OH} united with two
hydrocarbon radicals. On oxidation the secondary alcohols
form ketones.
{Secondary amputation} (Surg.), an amputation for injury,
performed after the constitutional effects of the injury
have subsided.
{Secondary axis} (Opt.), any line which passes through the
optical center of a lens but not through the centers of
curvature, or, in the case of a mirror, which passes
through the center of curvature but not through the center
of the mirror.
{Secondary battery}. (Elec.) See under {Battery}, n., 4.
{Secondary circle} (Geom. & Astron.), a great circle passes
through the poles of another great circle and is therefore
perpendicular to its plane.
{Secondary circuit}, {Secondary coil} (Elec.), a circuit or
coil in which a current is produced by the induction of a
current in a neighboring circuit or coil called the
primary circuit or coil.
{Secondary color}, a color formed by mixing any two primary
colors in equal proportions.
{Secondary coverts} (Zo["o]l.), the longer coverts which
overlie the basal part of the secondary quills of a bird.
See Illust. under {Bird}.
{Secondary crystal} (Min.), a crystal derived from one of the
primary forms.
{Secondary current} (Elec.), a momentary current induced in a
closed circuit by a current of electricity passing through
the same or a contiguous circuit at the beginning and also
at the end of the passage of the primary current.
{Secondary evidence}, that which is admitted upon failure to
obtain the primary or best evidence.
{Secondary fever} (Med.), a fever coming on in a disease
after the subsidence of the fever with which the disease
began, as the fever which attends the outbreak of the
eruption in smallpox.
{Secondary hemorrhage} (Med.), hemorrhage occuring from a
wounded blood vessel at some considerable time after the
original bleeding has ceased.
{Secondary planet}. (Astron.) See the Note under {Planet}.
{Secondary qualities}, those qualities of bodies which are
not inseparable from them as such, but are dependent for
their development and intensity on the organism of the
percipient, such as color, taste, odor, etc.
{Secondary quills} or {remiges} (Zo["o]l.), the quill
feathers arising from the forearm of a bird and forming a
row continuous with the primaries; -- called also
{secondaries}. See Illust. of {Bird}.
{Secondary rocks} or {strata} (Geol.), those lying between
the Primary, or Paleozoic, and Tertiary (see {Primary
rocks}, under {Primary}); -- later restricted to strata of
the Mesozoic age, and at but little used.
{Secondary syphilis} (Med.), the second stage of syphilis,
including the period from the first development of
constitutional symptoms to the time when the bones and the
internal organs become involved.
{Secondary tint}, any subdued tint, as gray.
{Secondary union} (Surg.), the union of wounds after
suppuration; union by the second intention.
Syn: Second; second-rate; subordinate; inferior.
Secondary \Sec"ond*a*ry\, n.; pl. {Secondaries}.
1. One who occupies a subordinate, inferior, or auxiliary
place; a delegate deputy; one who is second or next to the
chief officer; as, the secondary, or undersheriff of the
city of London.
Old Escalus . . . is thy secondary. --Shak.
2. (Astron.)
(a) A secondary circle.
(b) A satellite.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A secondary quill.
Second-class \Sec"ond-class`\, a.
Of the rank or degree below the best highest; inferior;
second-rate; as, a second-class house; a second-class
passage.
Seconder \Sec"ond*er\, n.
One who seconds or supports what another attempts, affirms,
moves, or proposes; as, the seconder of an enterprise or of a
motion.
Secondhand \Sec"ond*hand`\, a.
1. Not original or primary; received from another.
They have but a secondhand or implicit knowledge.
--Locke.
2. Not new; already or previously or used by another; as, a
secondhand book, garment.
{At second hand}. See {Hand}, n., 10.
Secondly \Sec"ond*ly\, adv.
In the second place.
Secondo \Se*con"do\ (?; It.), n. [It.] (Mus.)
The second part in a concerted piece.
Second-rate \Sec"ond-rate`\, a.
Of the second size, rank, quality, or value; as, a
second-rate ship; second-rate cloth; a second-rate champion.
--Dryden.
Second-sight \Sec"ond-sight`\, n.
The power of discerning what is not visible to the physical
eye, or of foreseeing future events, esp. such as are of a
disastrous kind; the capacity of a seer; prophetic vision.
he was seized with a fit of second-sight. --Addison.
Nor less availed his optic sleight, And Scottish gift
of second-sight. --Trumbull.
Second-sighted \Sec"ond-sight`ed\, a.
Having the power of second-sight. --Addison.
Secre \Se"cre\ (? or ?), a.
Secret; secretive; faithful to a secret. [Obs.]
To be holden stable and secre. --Chaucer.
Secre \Se"cre\, n.
A secret. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Secrecy \Se"cre*cy\, n.; pl. {Secrecies}. [From {Secret}.]
1. The state or quality of being hidden; as, his movements
were detected in spite of their secrecy.
The Lady Anne, Whom the king hath in secrecy long
married. --Shak.
2. That which is concealed; a secret. [R.] --Shak.
3. Seclusion; privacy; retirement. ``The pensive secrecy of
desert cell.'' --Milton.
4. The quality of being secretive; fidelity to a secret;
forbearance of disclosure or discovery.
It is not with public as with private prayer; in
this, rather secrecy is commanded than outward show.
--Hooker.
Secrely \Se"cre*ly\, adv.
Secretly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Secreness \Se"cre*ness\, n.
Secrecy; privacy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Secret \Se"cret\, a. [F. secret (cf. Sp.& Pg. secreto, It.
secreto, segreto), fr. L. secretus, p. p. of secrernere to
put apart, to separate. See {Certain}, and cf. {Secrete},
{Secern}.]
1. Hidden; concealed; as, secret treasure; secret plans; a
secret vow. --Shak.
The secret things belong unto the Lord our God; but
those things which are revealed belong unto us.
--Deut. xxix.
29.
2. Withdraw from general intercourse or notice; in retirement
or secrecy; secluded.
There, secret in her sapphire cell, He with the
Na["i]s wont to dwell. --Fenton.
3. Faithful to a secret; not inclined to divulge or betray
confidence; secretive. [R.]
Secret Romans, that have spoke the word, And will
not palter. --Shak.
4. Separate; distinct. [Obs.]
They suppose two other divine hypostases superior
thereunto, which were perfectly secret from matter.
--Cudworth.
Syn: Hidden; concealed; secluded; retired; unseen; unknown;
private; obscure; recondite; latent; covert;
clandestine; privy. See {Hidden}.
Secret \Se"cret\, n. [F. secret (cf. Pr. secret, Sp. & Pg.
secreto, It. secreto, segreto), from L. secretum. See
{Secret}, a.]
1. Something studiously concealed; a thing kept from general
knowledge; what is not revealed, or not to be revealed.
To tell our secrets is often folly; to communicate
those of others is treachery. --Rambler.
2. A thing not discovered; what is unknown or unexplained; a
mystery.
All secrets of the deep, all nature's works.
--Milton
3. pl. The parts which modesty and propriety require to be
concealed; the genital organs.
{In secret}, in a private place; in privacy or secrecy; in a
state or place not seen; privately.
Bread eaten in secret is pleasant. --Prov. ix.
17.
Secret \Se"cret\, v. t.
To keep secret. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Secretage \Se"cret*age\, n. [F.]
A process in which mercury, or some of its salts, is employed
to impart the property of felting to certain kinds of furs.
--Ure.
Secretarial \Sec`re*ta"ri*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a secretary; befitting a secretary. [R.]
Secretarial, diplomatic, or other official training.
--Carlyle.
Secretariat \Sec`re*ta"ri*at\, Secretariate \Sec`re*ta"ri*ate\,
n. [F. secr['e]tariat.]
The office of a secretary; the place where a secretary
transacts business, keeps records, etc.
Secretary \Sec"re*ta*ry\, n.; pl. {Secretaries}. [F.
secr['e]taire (cf. Pr. secretari, Sp. & Pg. secretario, It.
secretario, segretario) LL. secretarius, originally, a
confidant, one intrusted with secrets, from L. secretum a
secret. See {Secret}, a. & n.]
1. One who keeps, or is intrusted with, secrets. [R.]
2. A person employed to write orders, letters, dispatches,
public or private papers, records, and the like; an
official scribe, amanuensis, or writer; one who attends to
correspondence, and transacts other business, for an
association, a public body, or an individual.
That which is most of all profitable is acquaintance
with the secretaries, and employed men of
ambassadors. --Bacon.
3. An officer of state whose business is to superintend and
manage the affairs of a particular department of
government, and who is usually a member of the cabinet or
advisory council of the chief executive; as, the secretary
of state, who conducts the correspondence and attends to
the relations of a government with foreign courts; the
secretary of the treasury, who manages the department of
finance; the secretary of war, etc.
4. A piece of furniture, with conveniences for writing and
for the arrangement of papers; an escritoire.
5. (Zo["o]l.) The secretary bird.
{Secretary Bird}. [So called in allusion to the tufts of
feathers at the back of its head, which were fancifully
thought to resemble pens stuck behind the ear.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large long-legged raptorial bird ({Gypogeranus
serpentarius}), native of South Africa, but now
naturalized in the West Indies and some other tropical
countries. It has a powerful hooked beak, a crest of long
feathers, and a long tail. It feeds upon reptiles of
various kinds, and is much prized on account of its habit
of killing and devouring snakes of all kinds. Called also
{serpent eater}.
Syn: See the Note under {Clerk}, n., 4.
Secretaryship \Sec"re*ta*ry*ship\, n.
The office, or the term of office, of a secretary.
Secrete \Se*crete"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Secreted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Secreting}.] [L. secretus separated, secret, hidden,
p. p. of secernere. See {Secret}, and cf. {Discrete},
{Discreet}.]
1. To deposit in a place of hiding; to hide; to conceal; as,
to secrete stolen goods; to secrete one's self.
2. (Physiol.) To separate from the blood and elaborate by the
process of secretion; to elaborate and emit as a
secretion. See {Secretion}.
Why one set of cells should secrete bile, another
urea, and so on, we do not known. --Carpenter.
Syn: To conceal; hide. See {Conceal}.
Secretion \Se*cre"tion\, n. [L. secretio: cf. F.
s['e]cr['e]tion.]
1. The act of secreting or concealing; as, the secretion of
dutiable goods.
2. (Physiol.) The act of secreting; the process by which
material is separated from the blood through the agency of
the cells of the various glands and elaborated by the
cells into new substances so as to form the various
secretions, as the saliva, bile, and other digestive
fluids. The process varies in the different glands, and
hence are formed the various secretions.
3. (Physiol.) Any substance or fluid secreted, or elaborated
and emitted, as the gastric juice.
Secretist \Se"cret*ist\, n.
A dealer in secrets. [Obs.]
Secretitious \Se`cre*ti"tious\, a.
Parted by animal secretion; as, secretitious humors.
--Floyer.
Secretive \Se*cret"ive\, a.
Tending to secrete, or to keep secret or private; as, a
secretive disposition.
Secretiveness \Se*cret"ive*ness\, n.
1. The quality of being secretive; disposition or tendency to
conceal.
2. (Phren.) The faculty or propensity which impels to
reserve, secrecy, or concealment.
Secretly \Se"cret*ly\, adv.
In a secret manner.
Secretness \Se"cret*ness\, n.
1. The state or quality of being secret, hid, or concealed.
2. Secretiveness; concealment. --Donne.
Secrete-metory \Se*cre`te-me"to*ry\, a. (Physiol.)
Causing secretion; -- said of nerves which go to glands and
influence secretion.
Secretory \Se*cre"to*ry\, a. [Cf. F. s['e]cr['e]toire. See
{Secrete}.] (Physiol.)
Secreting; performing, or connected with, the office
secretion; secernent; as, secretory vessels, nerves. -- n. A
secretory vessel; a secernent.
Sect \Sect\, n. [L. secare, sectum, to cut.]
A cutting; a scion. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sect \Sect\, n. [F. secte, L. sects, fr. sequi to follew; often
confused with L. secare, sectum, to cut. See {Sue} to follow,
and cf. {Sept}, {Suit}, n.]
Those following a particular leader or authority, or attached
to a certain opinion; a company or set having a common belief
or allegiance distinct from others; in religion, the
believers in a particular creed, or upholders of a particular
practice; especially, in modern times, a party dissenting
from an established church; a denomination; in philosophy,
the disciples of a particular master; a school; in society
and the state, an order, rank, class, or party.
He beareth the sign of poverty, And in that sect our
Savior saved all mankind. --Piers
Plowman.
As of the sect of which that he was born, He kept his
lay, to which that he was sworn. --Chaucer.
The cursed sect of that detestable and false prophet
Mohammed. --Fabyan.
As concerning this sect [Christians], we know that
everywhere it is spoken against. --Acts xxviii.
22.
Sectant \Sec"tant\, n. [L. secare, sectum, to cut.]
One of the portions of space bounded by the three coordinate
planes. Specif. (Crystallog.), one of the parts of a crystal
into which it is divided by the axial planes.
Sectarian \Sec*ta"ri*an\, n.
Pertaining to a sect, or to sects; peculiar to a sect;
bigotedly attached to the tenets and interests of a
denomination; as, sectarian principles or prejudices.
Sectarian \Sec*ta"ri*an\, n.
One of a sect; a member or adherent of a special school,
denomination, or religious or philosophical party; one of a
party in religion which has separated itself from established
church, or which holds tenets different from those of the
prevailing denomination in a state.
Syn: See {Heretic}.
Sectarianism \Sec*ta"ri*an*ism\, n.
The quality or character of a sectarian; devotion to the
interests of a party; excess of partisan or denominational
zeal; adherence to a separate church organization.
Sectarianize \Sec*ta"ri*an*ize\, v. t.
To imbue with sectarian feelings; to subject to the control
of a sect.
Sectarism \Sec"ta*rism\, n.
Sectarianism. [Obs.]
Sectarist \Sec"ta*rist\, n.
A sectary. [R.] --T. Warton.
Sectary \Sec"ta*ry\, n.;pl. {Sectaries}. [F. sectaire. See
{Sect}.]
A sectarian; a member or adherent of a sect; a follower or
disciple of some particular teacher in philosophy or
religion; one who separates from an established church; a
dissenter.
I never knew that time in England when men of truest
religion were not counted sectaries. --Milton.
Sectator \Sec*ta"tor\, n. [L., fr. sectari, v. intens. fr. sequi
to follow. See {Sue} to follow.]
A follower; a disciple; an adherent to a sect. [Obs.] --Sir
W. Raleigh.
Sectile \Sec"tile\, a. [L. sectilis, fr. secare, sectum, to cut:
cf. F. sectile. See {Section}.]
Capable of being cut; specifically (Min.), capable of being
severed by the knife with a smooth cut; -- said of minerals.
Sectility \Sec*til"i*ty\, n.
The state or quality of being sectile.
Section \Sec"tion\, n. [L. sectio, fr. secare, sectum, to cut;
akin to E. saw a cutting instrument: cf. F. section. See
{Saw}, and cf. {Scion}, {Dissect}, {Insect}, {Secant},
{Segment}.]
1. The act of cutting, or separation by cutting; as, the
section of bodies.
2. A part separated from something; a division; a portion; a
slice. Specifically:
(a) A distinct part or portion of a book or writing; a
subdivision of a chapter; the division of a law or
other writing; a paragraph; an article; hence, the
character [sect], often used to denote such a
division.
It is hardly possible to give a distinct view of
his several arguments in distinct sections.
--Locke.
(b) A distinct part of a country or people, community,
class, or the like; a part of a territory separated by
geographical lines, or of a people considered as
distinct.
The extreme section of one class consists of
bigoted dotards, the extreme section of the
other consists of shallow and reckless empirics.
--Macaulay.
(c) One of the portions, of one square mile each, into
which the public lands of the United States are
divided; one thirty-sixth part of a township. These
sections are subdivided into quarter sections for sale
under the homestead and pre["e]mption laws.
3. (Geom.) The figure made up of all the points common to a
superficies and a solid which meet, or to two superficies
which meet, or to two lines which meet. In the first case
the section is a superficies, in the second a line, and in
the third a point.
4. (Nat. Hist.) A division of a genus; a group of species
separated by some distinction from others of the same
genus; -- often indicated by the sign [sect].
5. (Mus.) A part of a musical period, composed of one or more
phrases. See {Phrase}.
6. The description or representation of anything as it would
appear if cut through by any intersecting plane; depiction
of what is beyond a plane passing through, or supposed to
pass through, an object, as a building, a machine, a
succession of strata; profile.
Note: In mechanical drawing, as in these Illustrations of a
cannon, a longitudinal section (a) usually represents
the object as cut through its center lengthwise and
vertically; a cross or transverse section (b), as cut
crosswise and vertically; and a horizontal section (c),
as cut through its center horizontally. Oblique
sections are made at various angles. In architecture, a
vertical section is a drawing showing the interior, the
thickness of the walls, ets., as if made on a vertical
plane passed through a building.
{Angular sections} (Math.), a branch of analysis which treats
of the relations of sines, tangents, etc., of arcs to the
sines, tangents, etc., of their multiples or of their
parts. [R.]
{Conic sections}. (Geom.) See under {Conic}.
{Section liner} (Drawing), an instrument to aid in drawing a
series of equidistant parallel lines, -- used in
representing sections.
{Thin sections}, a section or slice, as of mineral, animal,
or vegetable substance, thin enough to be transparent, and
used for study under the microscope.
Syn: Part; portion; division.
Usage: {Section}, {Part}. The English more commonly apply the
word section to a part or portion of a body of men;
as, a section of the clergy, a small section of the
Whigs, etc. In the United States this use is less
common, but another use, unknown or but little known
in England, is very frequent, as in the phrases ``the
eastern section of our country,'' etc., the same sense
being also given to the adjective sectional as,
sectional feelings, interests, etc.
Sectional \Sec"tion*al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a sections or distinct part of larger
body or territory; local.
All sectional interests, or party feelings, it is
hoped, will hereafter yield to schemes of ambition.
--Story.
2. Consisting of sections, or capable of being divided into
sections; as, a sectional steam boiler.
Sectionalism \Sec"tion*al*ism\, n.
A disproportionate regard for the interests peculiar to a
section of the country; local patriotism, as distinguished
from national. [U. S.]
Sectionality \Sec"tion*al"i*ty\, n.
The state or quality of being sectional; sectionalism.
Sectionalize \Sec"tion*al*ize\, v. t.
To divide according to gepgraphical sections or local
interests. [U. S.]
The principal results of the struggle were to
sectionalize parties. --Nicilay &
Hay (Life of
Lincoln).
Sectionally \Sec"tion*al*ly\, adv.
In a sectional manner.
Sectionize \Sec"tion*ize\, v. t.
To form into sections. [R.]
Sectism \Sect"ism\, n.
Devotion to a sect. [R.]
Sectist \Sect"ist\, n.
One devoted to a sect; a soetary. [R.]
Sectiuncle \Sect"i*un`cle\, n.
A little or petty sect. [R.] ``Some new sect or sectiuncle.''
--J. Martineau.
Sector \Sec"tor\, n. [L., properly, a cutter, fr. secare,
sectum, to cut: cf. F. secteur. See {Section}.]
1. (Geom.) A part of a circle comprehended between two radii
and the included arc.
2. A mathematical instrument, consisting of two rulers
connected at one end by a joint, each arm marked with
several scales, as of equal parts, chords, sines,
tangents, etc., one scale of each kind on each arm, and
all on lines radiating from the common center of motion.
The sector is used for plotting, etc., to any scale.
3. An astronomical instrument, the limb of which embraces a
small portion only of a circle, used for measuring
differences of declination too great for the compass of a
micrometer. When it is used for measuring zenith distances
of stars, it is called a zenith sector.
{Dip sector}, an instrument used for measuring the dip of the
horizon.
{Sector of a sphere}, or {Spherical sector}, the solid
generated by the revolution of the sector of a circle
about one of its radii, or, more rarely, about any
straight line drawn in the plane of the sector through its
vertex.
Sectoral \Sec"tor*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a sector; as, a sectoral circle.
Sectorial \Sec*to"ri*al\, a. (Anat.)
Adapted for cutting. -- n. A sectorial, or carnassial, tooth.
Secular \Sec"u*lar\, a. [OE. secular, seculer. L. saecularis,
fr. saeculum a race, generation, age, the times, the world;
perhaps akin to E. soul: cf. F. s['e]culier.]
1. Coming or observed once in an age or a century.
The secular year was kept but once a century.
--Addison.
2. Pertaining to an age, or the progress of ages, or to a
long period of time; accomplished in a long progress of
time; as, secular inequality; the secular refrigeration of
the globe.
3. Of or pertaining to this present world, or to things not
spiritual or holy; relating to temporal as distinguished
from eternal interests; not immediately or primarily
respecting the soul, but the body; worldly.
New foes arise, Threatening to bind our souls with
secular chains. --Milton.
4. (Eccl.) Not regular; not bound by monastic vows or rules;
not confined to a monastery, or subject to the rules of a
religious community; as, a secular priest.
He tried to enforce a stricter discipline and
greater regard for morals, both in the religious
orders and the secular clergy. --Prescett.
5. Belonging to the laity; lay; not clerical.
I speak of folk in secular estate. --Chaucer.
{Secular equation} (Astron.), the algebraic or numerical
expression of the magnitude of the inequalities in a
planet's motion that remain after the inequalities of a
short period have been allowed for.
{Secular games} (Rom. Antiq.), games celebrated, at long but
irregular intervals, for three days and nights, with
sacrifices, theatrical shows, combats, sports, and the
like.
{Secular music}, any music or songs not adapted to sacred
uses.
{Secular hymn} or {poem}, a hymn or poem composed for the
secular games, or sung or rehearsed at those games.
Secular \Sec"u*lar\, n.
1. (Eccl.) A secular ecclesiastic, or one not bound by
monastic rules. --Burke.
2. (Eccl.) A church official whose functions are confined to
the vocal department of the choir. --Busby.
3. A layman, as distinguished from a clergyman.
Secularism \Sec"u*lar*ism\, n.
1. The state or quality of being secular; a secular spirit;
secularity.
2. The tenets or principles of the secularists.
Secularist \Sec"u*lar*ist\, n.
One who theoretically rejects every form of religious faith,
and every kind of religious worship, and accepts only the
facts and influences which are derived from the present life;
also, one who believes that education and other matters of
civil policy should be managed without the introduction of a
religious element.
Secularity \Sec`u*lar"i*ty\, n. [Cf.F. s['e]cularit['e], LL.
saecularitas.]
Supreme attention to the things of the present life;
worldliness.
A secularity of character which makes Christianity and
its principal doctrines distasteful or unintelligible.
--I. Taylor.
Secularization \Sec`u*lar*i*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F.
s['e]cularisation.]
The act of rendering secular, or the state of being rendered
secular; conversion from regular or monastic to secular;
conversion from religious to lay or secular possession and
uses; as, the secularization of church property.
Secularize \Sec"u*lar*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Secularized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Secularizing}.] [Cf. F. s['e]culaiser.]
1. To convert from regular or monastic into secular; as, to
secularize a priest or a monk.
2. To convert from spiritual or common use; as, to secularize
a church, or church property.
At the Reformation the abbey was secularized. --W.
Coxe.
3. To make worldly or unspiritual. --Bp. Horsley.
Secularly \Sec"u*lar*ly\, adv.
In a secular or worldly manner.
Secularness \Sec"u*lar*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being secular; worldliness;
worldly-minded-ness.
Secund \Se"cund\, a. [L. secundus following the course or
current of wind of water. See {Second}, a.] (Bot.)
Arranged on one side only, as flowers or leaves on a stalk.
--Gray.
Secundate \Se*cun"date\, v. t. [L. secundatus, p. p. of
secundare to direct faverably.]
To make prosperous. [R.]
Secundation \Sec`un*da"tion\, n.
Prosperity. [R.]
Secundine \Sec"un*dine\, n. [Cf. F. secondine.]
1. (Bot.) The second coat, or integument, of an ovule, lying
within the primine.
Note: In the ripened seed the primine and secundine are
usually united to form the testa, or outer seed coat.
When they remain distinct the secundine becomes the
mesosperm, as in the castor bean.
2. [Cf. F. secondines.] The afterbirth, or placenta and
membranes; -- generally used in the plural.
Secundo-geniture \Se*cun`do-gen"i*ture\, n. [L. secundus second
+ genitura a begetting, generation.]
A right of inheritance belonging to a second son; a property
or possession so inherited.
The kingdom of Naples . . . was constituted a
secundo-geniture of Spain. --Bancroft.
Securable \Se*cur"a*ble\, a.
That may be secured.
Secure \Se*cure"\, a. [L. securus; pref. se- without + cura
care. See {Cure} care, and cf. {Sure}, a.]
1. Free from fear, care, or anxiety; easy in mind; not
feeling suspicion or distrust; confident.
But thou, secure of soul, unbent with woes.
--DRyden.
2. Overconfident; incautious; careless; -- in a bad sense.
--Macaulay.
3. Confident in opinion; not entertaining, or not having
reason to entertain, doubt; certain; sure; -- commonly
with of; as, secure of a welcome.
Confidence then bore thee on, secure Either to meet
no danger, or to find Matter of glorious trial.
--Milton.
4. Net exposed to danger; safe; -- applied to persons and
things, and followed by against or from. ``Secure from
fortune's blows.'' --Dryden.
Syn: Safe; undisturbed; easy; sure; certain; assured;
confident; careless; heedless; inattentive.
Secure \Se*cure"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Secured}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Securing}.]
1. To make safe; to relieve from apprehensions of, or
exposure to, danger; to guard; to protect.
I spread a cloud before the victor's sight,
Sustained the vanquished, and secured his flight.
--Dryden.
2. To put beyond hazard of losing or of not receiving; to
make certain; to assure; to insure; -- frequently with
against or from, rarely with of; as, to secure a creditor
against loss; to secure a debt by a mortgage.
It secures its possessor of eternal happiness. --T.
Dick.
3. To make fast; to close or confine effectually; to render
incapable of getting loose or escaping; as, to secure a
prisoner; to secure a door, or the hatches of a ship.
4. To get possession of; to make one's self secure of; to
acquire certainly; as, to secure an estate.
{Secure arms} (Mil.), a command and a position in the manual
of arms, used in wet weather, the object being to guard
the firearm from becoming wet. The piece is turned with
the barrel to the front and grasped by the right hand at
the lewer band, the muzzle is dropped to the front, and
the piece held with the guard under the right arm, the
hand supported against the hip, and the thumb on the
rammer.
Securely \Se*cure"ly\, adv.
In a secure manner; without fear or apprehension; without
danger; safely.
His daring foe . . . securely him defied. --Milton.
Securement \Se*cure"ment\, n.
The act of securing; protection. [R.]
Society condemns the securement in all cases of
perpetual protection by means of perpetual
imprisonment. --C. A. Ives.
Secureness \Se*cure"ness\, n.
The condition or quality of being secure; exemption from
fear; want of vigilance; security.
Securer \Se*cur"er\, n.
One who, or that which, secures.
Securifera \Sec`u*rif"e*ra\, n. pl. [NL., from L. securis an ax
+ ferre to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Serrifera.
Securiform \Se*cu"ri*form\, a. [L. securis an ax or hatchet +
-form: cf. F. s['e]curiforme.] (Nat. Hist.)
Having the form of an ax hatchet.
Securipalp \Se*cu"ri*palp\, n. [L. securis ax, hatchet + E.
palp.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of a family of beetles having the maxillary palpi
terminating in a hatchet-shaped joint.
Security \Se*cu"ri*ty\, n.; pl. {Securities}. [L. securitas: cf.
F. s['e]curit['e]. See {Secure}, and cf. {Surety}.]
1. The condition or quality of being secure; secureness.
Specifically:
(a) Freedom from apprehension, anxiety, or care;
confidence of power of safety; hence, assurance;
certainty.
His trembling hand had lost the ease, Which
marks security to please. --Sir W.
Scott.
(b) Hence, carelessness; negligence; heedlessness.
He means, my lord, that we are too remiss,
Whilst Bolingbroke, through our security, Grows
strong and great in substance and in power.
--Shak.
(c) Freedom from risk; safety.
Give up yourself merely to chance and hazard,
From firm security. --Shak.
Some . . . alleged that we should have no
security for our trade. --Swift.
2. That which secures or makes safe; protection; guard;
defense. Specifically:
(a) Something given, deposited, or pledged, to make
certain the fulfillment of an obligation, the
performance of a contract, the payment of a debt, or
the like; surety; pledge.
Those who lent him money lent it on no security
but his bare word. --Macaulay.
(b) One who becomes surety for another, or engages himself
for the performance of another's obligation.
3. An evidence of debt or of property, as a bond, a
certificate of stock, etc.; as, government securities.
Syn: Protection; defense; guard; shelter; safety; certainty;
ease; assurance; carelessness; confidence; surety;
pledge; bail.
Sedan \Se*dan"\, n. [Said to be named from Sedan, in France,
where it was first made, and whence it was introduced into
England in the time of King Charles I.]
A portable chair or covered vehicle for carrying a single
person, -- usually borne on poles by two men. Called also
{sedan chair}.
Sedate \Se*date"\, a. [L. sedatus, p. p. of sedare, sedatum, to
allay, calm, causative of sedere to sit. See {Sit}.]
Undisturbed by passion or caprice; calm; tranquil; serene;
not passionate or giddy; composed; staid; as, a sedate soul,
mind, or temper.
Disputation carries away the mind from that calm and
sedate temper which is so necessary to contemplate
truth. --I. Watts.
Whatsoever we feel and know Too sedate for outward
show. --Wordsworth.
Syn: Settled; composed; calm; quiet; tranquil; still; serene;
unruffled; undisturbed; contemplative; sober; serious.
-- {Se*date"ly}, adv. -- {Se*date"ness}, n.
Sedation \Se*da"tion\, n. [L. sedatio.]
The act of calming, or the state of being calm. [R.] --Coles.
Sedative \Sed"a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. s['e]datif.]
Tending to calm, moderate, or tranquilize; specifically
(Med.), allaying irritability and irritation; assuaging pain.
Sedative \Sed"a*tive\, n. (Med.)
A remedy which allays irritability and irritation, and
irritative activity or pain.
Sedent \Se"dent\, a. [L. sedens, -entis, p. pr. of sedere to
sit. See {Sit}.]
Sitting; inactive; quiet. [R.]
Sedentarily \Sed"en*ta*ri*ly\, adv.
In a sedentary manner.
Sedentariness \Sed"en*ta*r*i*ness\, n.
Quality of being sedentary.
Sedentary \Sed"en*ta*ry\, a. [L. sedentarius, fr. sedere to sit:
cf. F. se['e]dentaire. See {Sedent}.]
1. Accustomed to sit much or long; as, a sedentary man.
``Sedentary, scholastic sophists.'' --Bp. Warburton.
2. Characterized by, or requiring, much sitting; as, a
sedentary employment; a sedentary life.
Any education that confined itself to sedentary
pursuits was essentially imperfect. --Beaconsfield.
3. Inactive; motionless; sluggish; hence, calm; tranquil.
[R.] ``The sedentary earth.'' --Milton.
The soul, considered abstractly from its passions,
is of a remiss, sedentary nature. --Spectator.
4. Caused by long sitting. [Obs.] ``Sedentary numbness.''
--Milton.
5. (Zo["o]l.) Remaining in one place, especially when firmly
attached to some object; as, the oyster is a sedentary
mollusk; the barnacles are sedentary crustaceans.
{Sedentary spider} (Zo["o]l.), one of a tribe of spiders
which rest motionless until their prey is caught in their
web.
Sederunt \Se*de"runt\, n. [L., they sat, fr. sedere to sit.]
A sitting, as of a court or other body.
'T is pity we have not Burn's own account of that long
sederunt. --Prof.
Wilson.
{Acts of sederunt} (Scots Law), ordinances of the Court of
Session for the ordering of processes and expediting of
justice. --Bell.
Sedge \Sedge\, n. [OE. segge, AS. secg; akin to LG. segge; --
probably named from its bladelike appearance, and akin to L.
secare to cut, E. saw a cutting instrument; cf. Ir. seisg, W.
hesg. Cf. {Hassock}, {Saw} the instrument.]
1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus {Carex}, perennial,
endogenous herbs, often growing in dense tufts in marshy
places. They have triangular jointless stems, a spiked
inflorescence, and long grasslike leaves which are usually
rough on the margins and midrib. There are several hundred
species.
Note: The name is sometimes given to any other plant of the
order {Cyperace[ae]}, which includes {Carex},
{Cyperus}, {Scirpus}, and many other genera of rushlike
plants.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A flock of herons.
{Sedge ken} (Zo["o]l.), the clapper rail. See under 5th
{Rail}.
{Sedge warbler} (Zo["o]l.), a small European singing bird
({Acrocephalus phragmitis}). It often builds its nest
among reeds; -- called also {sedge bird}, {sedge wren},
{night warbler}, and {Scotch nightingale}.
Sedged \Sedged\, a.
Made or composed of sedge.
With your sedged crowns and ever-harmless looks.
--Shak.
Sedgy \Sedg"y\, a.
Overgrown with sedge.
On the gentle Severn"s sedgy bank. --Shak.
Sedilia \Se*dil"i*a\, n. pl.; sing. {Sedile}. [L. sedile a
seat.] (Arch.)
Seats in the chancel of a church near the altar for the
officiating clergy during intervals of service. --Hook.
Sediment \Sed"i*ment\, n. [F. s['e]diment, L. sedimentum a
settling, fr. sedere to sit, to settle. See {Sit}.]
1. The matter which subsides to the bottom, frrom water or
any other liquid; settlings; lees; dregs.
2. (Geol.) The material of which sedimentary rocks are
formed.
Sedimental \Sed`i*men"tal\, a.
Sedimentary.
Sedimentary \Sed`i*men"ta*ry\, a. [Cf. F. s['e]dimentaire.]
Of or pertaining to sediment; formed by sediment; containing
matter that has subsided.
{Sedimentary rocks}. (Geol.) See {Aqueous rocks}, under
{Aqueous}.
Sedimentation \Sed`i*men*ta"tion\, n.
The act of depositing a sediment; specifically (Geol.), the
deposition of the material of which sedimentary rocks are
formed.
Sedition \Se*di"tion\, n. [OE. sedicioun, OF. sedition, F.
s['e]dition, fr. L. seditio, originally, a going aside;
hence, an insurrectionary separation; pref. se-, sed-, aside
+ itio a going, fr. ire, itum, to go. Cf. {Issue}.]
1. The raising of commotion in a state, not amounting to
insurrection; conduct tending to treason, but without an
overt act; excitement of discontent against the
government, or of resistance to lawful authority.
In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate The
cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition. --Shak.
Noisy demagogues who had been accused of sedition.
--Macaulay.
2. Dissension; division; schism. [Obs.]
Now the works of the flesh are manifest, . . .
emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies.
--Gal. v. 19,
20.
Syn: Insurrection; tumult; uproar; riot; rebellion; revolt.
See {Insurrection}.
Seditionary \Se*di"tion*a*ry\, n.
An inciter or promoter of sedition. --Bp. Hall.
Seditious \Se*di"tious\, a.[L. seditiosus: cf. F. s['e]ditieux.]
1. Of or pertaining to sedition; partaking of the nature of,
or tending to excite, sedition; as, seditious behavior;
seditious strife; seditious words.
2. Disposed to arouse, or take part in, violent opposition to
lawful authority; turbulent; factious; guilty of sedition;
as, seditious citizens. -- {Se*di"tious*ly}, adv. --
{Se*di"tious*ness}, n.
Sedlitz \Sed"litz\, a.
Same as {Seidlitz}.
Seduce \Se*duce"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seduced}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Seducing}.] [L. seducere, seductum; pref. se- aside +
ducere to lead. See {Duke}.]
1. To draw aside from the path of rectitude and duty in any
manner; to entice to evil; to lead astray; to tempt and
lead to iniquity; to corrupt.
For me, the gold of France did not seduce. --Shak.
2. Specifically, to induce to surrender chastity; to debauch
by means of solicitation.
Syn: To allure; entice; tempt; attract; mislead; decoy;
inveigle. See {Allure}.
Seducement \Se*duce"ment\, n.
1. The act of seducing.
2. The means employed to seduce, as flattery, promises,
deception, etc.; arts of enticing or corrupting. --Pope.
Seducer \Se*du"cer\, n.
One who, or that which, seduces; specifically, one who
prevails over the chastity of a woman by enticements and
persuasions.
He whose firm faith no reason could remove, Will melt
before that soft seducer, love. --Dryden.
Seducible \Se*du"ci*ble\, a.
Capable of being seduced; corruptible.
Seducing \Se*du"cing\, a.
Seductive. ``Thy sweet seducing charms.'' --Cowper. --
{Se*du"cing*ly}, adv.
Seduction \Se*duc*tion\, n. [L. seductio: cf. F. s['e]duction.
See {Seduce}.]
1. The act of seducing; enticement to wrong doing;
specifically, the offense of inducing a woman to consent
to unlawful sexual intercourse, by enticements which
overcome her scruples; the wrong or crime of persuading a
woman to surrender her chastity.
2. That which seduces, or is adapted to seduce; means of
leading astray; as, the seductions of wealth.
Seductive \Se*duc"tive\, a.
Tending to lead astray; apt to mislead by flattering
appearances; tempting; alluring; as, a seductive offer.
This may enable us to understand how seductive is the
influence of example. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Seductively \Se*duc"tive*ly\, adv.
In a seductive manner.
Seductress \Se*duc"tress\, n.
A woman who seduces.
Sedulity \Se*du"li*ty\, n. [L. sedulitas. See {Sedulous}.]
The quality or state of being sedulous; diligent and
assiduous application; constant attention; unremitting
industry; sedulousness.
The industrious bee, by his sedulity in summer, lives
in honey all the winter. --Feltham.
Sedulous \Sed"u*lous\, a. [L. sedulus, perhaps from sedere to
sit, and so akin to E. sit.]
Diligent in application or pursuit; constant, steady, and
persevering in business, or in endeavors to effect an object;
steadily industrious; assiduous; as, the sedulous bee.
What signifies the sound of words in prayer, without
the affection of the heart, and a sedulous application
of the proper means that may naturally lead us to such
an end? --L'Estrange.
Syn: Assiduous; diligent; industrious; laborious;
unremitting; untiring; unwearied; persevering. --
{Sed"u*lous*ly}, adv. -- {Sed"u*lous*ness}, n.
Sedum \Se"dum\, n. [NL., fr. L. sedere to sit; so called in
allusion to the manner in which the plants attach themselves
to rocks and walls.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants, mostly perennial, having succulent leaves
and cymose flowers; orpine; stonecrop. --Gray.
See \See\, n. [OE. se, see, OF. se, sed, sied, fr. L. sedes a
seat, or the kindred sedere to sit. See {Sit}, and cf.
{Siege}.]
1. A seat; a site; a place where sovereign power is
exercised. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Jove laughed on Venus from his sovereign see.
--Spenser.
2. Specifically:
(a) The seat of episcopal power; a diocese; the
jurisdiction of a bishop; as, the see of New York.
(b) The seat of an archibishop; a province or jurisdiction
of an archibishop; as, an archiepiscopal see.
(c) The seat, place, or office of the pope, or Roman
pontiff; as, the papal see.
(d) The pope or his court at Rome; as, to appeal to the
see of Rome.
{Apostolic see}. See under {Apostolic}.
See \See\, v. t. [imp. {Saw}; p. p. {Seen}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Seeing}.] [OE. seen, sen, seon, As. se['o]n; akin to OFries.
s[=i]a, D. zien, OS. & OHG. sehan, G. sehen, Icel. sj[=a],
Sw. se, Dan. see, Goth. sa['i]hwan, and probably to L. sequi
to follow (and so originally meaning, to follow with the
eyes). Gr. ??????, Skr. sac. Cf. {Sight}, {Sun} to follow.]
1. To perceive by the eye; to have knowledge of the existence
and apparent qualities of by the organs of sight; to
behold; to descry; to view.
I will new turn aside, and see this great sight.
--Ex. iii. 3.
2. To perceive by mental vision; to form an idea or
conception of; to note with the mind; to observe; to
discern; to distinguish; to understand; to comprehend; to
ascertain.
Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy
brethren. --Gen. xxxvii.
14.
Jesus saw that he answered discreetly. --Mark xii.
34.
Who 's so gross That seeth not this palpable device?
--Shak.
3. To follow with the eyes, or as with the eyes; to watch; to
regard attentivelly; to look after. --Shak.
I had a mind to see him out, and therefore did not
care for centradicting him. --Addison.
4. To have an interview with; especially, to make a call
upon; to visit; as, to go to see a friend.
And Samuel came no more to see Saul untill the day
of his death. --1 Sam. xv.
35.
5. To fall in with; to have intercourse or communication
with; hence, to have knowledge or experience of; as, to
see military service.
Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast
afflicted us, and the years wherein we have seen
evil. --Ps. xc. 15.
Verily, verily, I say unto you, if a man keep my
saying, he shall never see death. --John viii.
51.
Improvement in visdom and prudence by seeing men.
--Locke.
6. To accompany in person; to escort; to wait upon; as, to
see one home; to see one aboard the cars.
{God you} ({him, or me}, etc.) {see}, God keep you (him, me,
etc.) in his sight; God protect you. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{To see} (anything) {out}, to see (it) to the end; to be
present at, or attend, to the end.
{To see stars}, to see flashes of light, like stars; --
sometimes the result of concussion of the head. [Colloq.]
{To see (one) through}, to help, watch, or guard (one) to the
end of a course or an undertaking.
See \See\, v. i.
1. To have the power of sight, or of perceiving by the proper
organs; to possess or employ the sense of vision; as, he
sees distinctly.
Whereas I was blind, now I see. --John ix. 25.
2. Figuratively: To have intellectual apprehension; to
perceive; to know; to understand; to discern; -- often
followed by a preposition, as through, or into.
For judgment I am come into this world, that they
which see not might see; and that they which see
might be made blind. --John ix. 39.
Many sagacious persons will find us out, . . . and
see through all our fine pretensions. --Tillotson.
3. To be attentive; to take care; to give heed; -- generally
with to; as, to see to the house.
See that ye fall not out by the way. --Gen. xiv.
24.
Note: Let me see, Let us see, are used to express
consideration, or to introduce the particular
consideration of a subject, or some scheme or
calculation.
Cassio's a proper man, let me see now, - To get
his place. --Shak.
Note: See is sometimes used in the imperative for look, or
behold. ``See. see! upon the banks of Boyne he
stands.'' --Halifax.
{To see about a thing}, to pay attention to it; to consider
it.
{To see on}, to look at. [Obs.] ``She was full more blissful
on to see.'' --Chaucer.
{To see to}.
(a) To look at; to behold; to view. [Obs.] ``An altar by
Jordan, a great altar to see to'' --Josh. xxii. 10.
(b) To take care about; to look after; as, to see to a
fire.
Seed \Seed\, n.; pl. {Seed} or {Seeds}. [OE. seed, sed, AS. s?d,
fr. s[=a]wan to sow; akin to D. zaad seed, G. saat, Icel.
s[=a]?, s??i, Goth. manas?ps seed of men. world. See {Sow} to
scatter seed, and cf. {Colza}.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) A ripened ovule, consisting of an embryo with one or
more integuments, or coverings; as, an apple seed; a
currant seed. By germination it produces a new plant.
(b) Any small seedlike fruit, though it may consist of a
pericarp, or even a calyx, as well as the seed proper;
as, parsnip seed; thistle seed.
And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass,
the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree
yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in
itself. --Gen. i. 11.
Note: The seed proper has an outer and an inner coat, and
within these the kernel or nucleus. The kernel is
either the embryo alone, or the embryo inclosed in the
albumen, which is the material for the nourishment of
the developing embryo. The scar on a seed, left where
the stem parted from it, is called the hilum, and the
closed orifice of the ovule, the micropyle.
2. (Physiol.) The generative fluid of the male; semen; sperm;
-- not used in the plural.
3. That from which anything springs; first principle;
original; source; as, the seeds of virtue or vice.
4. The principle of production.
Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed, Which
may the like in coming ages breed. --Waller.
5. Progeny; offspring; children; descendants; as, the seed of
Abraham; the seed of David.
Note: In this sense the word is applied to one person, or to
any number collectively, and admits of the plural form,
though rarely used in the plural.
6. Race; generation; birth.
Of mortal seed they were not held. --Waller.
{Seed bag} (Artesian well), a packing to prevent percolation
of water down the bore hole. It consists of a bag
encircling the tubing and filled with flax seed, which
swells when wet and fills the space between the tubing and
the sides of the hole.
{Seed bud} (Bot.), the germ or rudiment of the plant in the
embryo state; the ovule.
{Seed coat} (Bot.), the covering of a seed.
{Seed corn}, or {Seed grain} (Bot.), corn or grain for seed.
{Seed down} (Bot.), the soft hairs on certain seeds, as
cotton seed.
{Seed drill}. See 6th {Drill}, 2
(a) .
{Seed eater} (Zo["o]l.), any finch of the genera
{Sporophila}, and {Crithagra}. They feed mainly on seeds.
{Seed gall} (Zo["o]l.), any gall which resembles a seed,
formed, on the leaves of various plants, usually by some
species of Phylloxera.
{Seed leaf} (Bot.), a cotyledon.
{Seed lobe} (Bot.), a cotyledon; a seed leaf.
{Seed oil}, oil expressed from the seeds of plants.
{Seed oyster}, a young oyster, especially when of a size
suitable for transplantation to a new locality.
{Seed pearl}, a small pearl of little value.
{Seed plat}, or {Seed plot}, the ground on which seeds are
sown, to produce plants for transplanting; a nursery.
{Seed stalk} (Bot.), the stalk of an ovule or seed; a
funicle.
{Seed tick} (Zo["o]l.), one of several species of ticks
resembling seeds in form and color.
{Seed vessel} (Bot.), that part of a plant which contains the
seeds; a pericarp.
{Seed weevil} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous small weevels,
especially those of the genus {Apion}, which live in the
seeds of various plants.
{Seed wool}, cotton wool not yet cleansed of its seeds.
[Southern U.S.]
Seed \Seed\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seeded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Seeding}.]
1. To sprinkle with seed; to plant seeds in; to sow; as, to
seed a field.
2. To cover thinly with something scattered; to ornament with
seedlike decorations.
A sable mantle seeded with waking eyes. --B. Jonson.
{To seed down}, to sow with grass seed.
Seedbox \Seed"box`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) A capsule.
(b) A plant ({Ludwigia alternifolia}) which has somewhat
cubical or box-shaped capsules.
Seedcake \Seed"cake`\, n.
A sweet cake or cooky containing aromatic seeds, as caraway.
--Tusser.
Seedcod \Seed"cod`\, n.
A seedlip. [Prov. Eng.]
Seeder \Seed"er\, n.
One who, or that which, sows or plants seed.
Seediness \Seed`i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being seedy, shabby, or worn out; a
state of wretchedness or exhaustion. [Colloq.] --G. Eliot.
What is called seedness, after a debauch, is a plain
proof that nature has been outraged. --J. S.
Blackie.
Seed-lac \Seed"-lac`\, n.
A species of lac. See the Note under {Lac}.
Seedless \Seed"less\, a.
Without seed or seeds.
Seedling \Seed"ling\, n. (Bot.)
A plant reared from the seed, as distinguished from one
propagated by layers, buds, or the like.
Seedlip \Seed"lip`\, Seedlop \Seed"lop`\, n. [AS. s?dle['a]p;
s?d seed + le['a]p basket.]
A vessel in which a sower carries the seed to be scattered.
[Prov. Eng.]
Seedman \Seed"man\, See
{Seedsman}.
Seedness \Seed"ness\, n.
Seedtime. [Obs.] --Shak.
Seedsman \Seeds"man\, n.; pl. {Seedsmen}.
1. A sower; one who sows or scatters seed.
The seedsman Upon the slime and ooze scatters his
grain. --Shak.
2. A person who deals in seeds.
Seedtime \Seed"time`\, n. [AS. s?d[=i]ma.]
The season proper for sowing.
While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and
cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and
night, shall not cease. --Gen. viii.
22.
Seedy \Seed"y\, a. [Compar. {Seedier}; superl. {Seediest}.]
1. Abounding with seeds; bearing seeds; having run to seeds.
2. Having a peculiar flavor supposed to be derived from the
weeds growing among the vines; -- said of certain kinds of
French brandy.
3. Old and worn out; exhausted; spiritless; also, poor and
miserable looking; shabbily clothed; shabby looking; as,
he looked seedy coat. [Colloq.]
Little Flanigan here . . . is a little seedy, as we
say among us that practice the law. --Goldsmith.
{Seedy toe}, an affection of a horse's foot, in which a
cavity filled with horn powder is formed between the
lamin[ae] and the wall of the hoof.
Seeing \See"ing\, conj. (but originally a present participle).
In view of the fact (that); considering; taking into account
(that); insmuch as; since; because; -- followed by a
dependent clause; as, he did well, seeing that he was so
young.
Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me? --Gen.
xxvi. 27.
Seek \Seek\, a.
Sick. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Seek \Seek\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sought}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Seeking}.] [OE, seken, AS. s?can, s?cean; akin to OS.
s?kian, LG. s["o]ken, D. zoeken, OHG. suohhan, G. suchen,
Icel. s?kja, Sw. s["o]ka, Dan. s["o]ge, Goth. s?kjan, and E.
sake. Cf. {Beseech}, {Ransack}, {Sagacious}, {Sake}, {Soc}.]
1. To go in search of; to look for; to search for; to try to
find.
The man saked him, saying, What seekest thou? And he
said, I seek my brethren. --Gen. xxxvii.
15,16.
2. To inquire for; to ask for; to solicit; to bessech.
Others, tempting him, sought of him a sign. --Luke
xi. 16.
3. To try to acquire or gain; to strive after; to aim at; as,
to seek wealth or fame; to seek one's life.
4. To try to reach or come to; to go to; to resort to.
Seek not Bethel, nor enter into Gilgal. --Amos v. 5.
Since great Ulysses sought the Phrygian plains.
--Pope.
Seek \Seek\, v. i.
To make search or inquiry: to endeavor to make discovery.
Seek ye out of the book of the Lord, and read. --Isa.
xxxiv. 16.
{To seek}, needing to seek or search; hence, unpreparated.
``Unpracticed, unpreparated, and still to seek.''
--Milton. [Obs]
{To seek after}, to make pursuit of; to attempt to find or
take.
{To seek for}, to endeavor to find.
{To seek to}, to apply to; to resort to; to court. [Obs.]
``All the earth sought to Solomon, to hear his wisdom.''
--1. Kings x. 24.
{To seek upon}, to make strict inquiry after; to follow up;
to persecute. [Obs.]
To seek Upon a man and do his soul unrest.
--Chaucer.
Seeker \Seek"er\, n.
1. One who seeks; that which is used in seeking or searching.
2. (Eccl.) One of a small heterogeneous sect of the 17th
century, in Great Britain, who professed to be seeking the
true church, ministry, and sacraments.
A skeptic [is] ever seeking and never finds, like
our new upstart sect of Seekers. --Bullokar.
Seek-no-further \Seek"-no-fur`ther\, n.
A kind of choice winter apple, having a subacid taste; --
formerly called {go-no-further}.
Seek-sorrow \Seek"-sor`row\, n.
One who contrives to give himself vexation. [Archaic.] --Sir
P. Sidney.
Seel \Seel\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seeled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Seeling}.] [F. siller, ciller, fr. cil an eyelash, L.
cilium.]
1. (Falconry) To close the eyes of (a hawk or other bird) by
drawing through the lids threads which were fastened over
the head. --Bacon.
Fools climb to fall: fond hopes, like seeled doves
for want of better light, mount till they end their
flight with falling. --J. Reading.
2. Hence, to shut or close, as the eyes; to blind.
Come, seeling night, Scarf up the tender eye of
pitiful day. --Shak.
Cold death, with a violent fate, his sable eyes did
seel. --Chapman.
Seel \Seel\, v. i. [Cf. LG. sielen to lead off water, F. siller
to run ahead, to make headway, E. sile, v.t.]
To incline to one side; to lean; to roll, as a ship at sea.
[Obs.] --Sir W. Raleigh.
Seel \Seel\, Seeling \Seel"ing\, n.
The rolling or agitation of a ship in a storm. [Obs.]
--Sandys.
Seel \Seel\, n. [AS. s?l, from s?l good, prosperous. See
{Silly}.]
1. Good fortune; favorable opportunity; prosperity. [Obs.]
``So have I seel''. --Chaucer.
2. Time; season; as, hay seel. [Prov. Eng.]
Seelily \Seel"i*ly\, adv.
In a silly manner. [Obs.]
Seely \Seel"y\, a.
See {Silly}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Seem \Seem\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Seemed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Seeming}.] [OE. semen to seem, to become, befit, AS. s?man
to satisfy, pacify; akin to Icel. s?ma to honor, to bear
with, conform to, s?mr becoming, fit, s?ma to beseem, to
befit, sama to beseem, semja to arrange, settle, put right,
Goth. samjan to please, and to E. same. The sense is probably
due to the adj. seemly. [root]191. See {Same}, a., and cf.
{Seemly}.]
To appear, or to appear to be; to have a show or semblance;
to present an appearance; to look; to strike one's
apprehension or fancy as being; to be taken as. ``It now
seemed probable.'' --Macaulay.
Thou picture of what thou seem'st. --Shak.
All seemed well pleased; all seemed, but were not all.
--Milton.
There is a way which seemeth right unto a man; but the
end thereof are the ways of death. --Prov. xiv.
12.
{It seems}, it appears; it is understood as true; it is said.
A prince of Italy, it seems, entertained his
misstress on a great lake. --Addison.
Syn: To appear; look.
Usage: {Seem}, {Appear}. To appear has reference to a thing's
being presented to our view; as, the sun appears; to
seem is connected with the idea of semblance, and
usually implies an inference of our mind as to the
probability of a thing's being so; as, a storm seems
to be coming. ``The story appears to be true,'' means
that the facts, as presented, go to show its truth;
``the story seems to be true,'' means that it has the
semblance of being so, and we infer that it is true.
``His first and principal care being to appear unto
his people such as he would have them be, and to be
such as he appeared.'' --Sir P. Sidney.
Ham. Ay, madam, it is common. Queen. If it be,
Why seems it so particular with thee? Ham.
Seems, madam! Nay, it is; I know not ``seems.''
--Shak.
Seem \Seem\, v. t.
To befit; to beseem. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Seemer \Seem"er\, n.
One who seems; one who carries or assumes an appearance or
semblance.
Hence shall we see, If power change purpose, what our
seemers be. --Shak.
Seeming \Seem"ing\, a.
Having a semblance, whether with or without reality;
apparent; specious; befitting; as, seeming friendship;
seeming truth.
My lord, you have lost a friend indeed; And I dare
swear you borrow not that face Of seeming sorrow, it is
sure your own. --Shak.
Seeming \Seem"ing\, n.
1. Appearance; show; semblance; fair appearance;
speciousness.
These keep Seeming and savor all the winter long.
--Shak.
2. Apprehension; judgment. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Nothing more clear unto their seeming. --Hooker.
His persuasive words, impregned With reason, to her
seeming. --Milton.
Seemingly \Seem"ing*ly\, adv.
In appearance; in show; in semblance; apparently; ostensibly.
This the father seemingly complied with. --Addison.
Seemingness \Seem"ing*ness\, n.
Semblance; fair appearance; plausibility. --Sir K. Digby.
Seemless \Seem"less\, a.
Unseemly. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Seemlily \Seem"li*ly\, adv.
In a seemly manner. [Obs.]
Seemliness \Seem"li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being seemly: comeliness; propriety.
Seemly \Seem"ly\, a. [Compar.{Seemlier}; superl. {Seeliest}.]
[Icel. s?miligr, fr. s?mr becoming, fit; akin to samr same,
E. same; the sense being properly, the same or like, hence,
fitting. See {Seem}, v. i.]
Suited to the object, occasion, purpose, or character;
suitable; fit; becoming; comely; decorous.
He had a seemly nose. --Chaucer.
I am a woman, lacking wit To make a seemly answer to
such persons. --Shak.
Suspense of judgment and exercise of charity were safer
and seemlier for Christian men than the hot pursuit of
these controversies. --Hooker.
Syn: Becoming; fit; suitable; proper; appropriate; congruous;
meet; decent; decorous.
Seemly \Seem"ly\, adv. [Compar. {Seemlier}; superl.
{Seemliest}.]
In a decent or suitable manner; becomingly.
Suddenly a men before him stood, Not rustic as before,
but seemlier clad, As one in city or court or place
bred. --Milton.
Seemlyhed \Seem"ly*hed\, n. [See {-hood}.]
Comely or decent appearance. [Obs.] --Rom. of R. Spenser.
Seen \Seen\,
p. p. of {See}.
Seen \Seen\, a.
Versed; skilled; accomplished. [Obs.]
Well seen in every science that mote be. --Spenser.
Noble Boyle, not less in nature seen, Than his great
brother read in states and men. --Dryden.
Seep \Seep\, or Sipe \Sipe\, v. i. [AS. s[=i]pan to distill.]
To run or soak through fine pores and interstices; to ooze.
[Scot. & U. S.]
Water seeps up through the sidewalks. --G. W. Cable.
Seepage \Seep"age\, or Sipage \Sip"age\, n.
Water that seeped or oozed through a porous soil. [Scot. & U.
S.]
Seepy \Seep"y\, or Sipy \Sip"y\, a.
Oozy; -- applied to land under cultivation that is not well
drained.
Seer \Seer\ (s[=e]r), a.
Sore; painful. [Prov. Eng.] --Ray.
Seer \Se"er\ (s[=e]"[~e]r), n.
One who sees. --Addison.
Seer \Seer\ (s[=e]r), n. [From {See}.]
A person who foresees events; a prophet. --Milton.
Seeress \Seer"ess\, n.
A female seer; a prophetess.
Seerfish \Seer"fish`\ (-f[i^]sh), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A scombroid food fish of Madeira ({Cybium Commersonii}).
Seerhand \Seer"hand\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A kind of muslin of a texture between nainsook and mull.
Seership \Seer"ship\, n.
The office or quality of a seer.
Seersucker \Seer"suck`er\, n.
A light fabric, originally made in the East Indies, of silk
and linen, usually having alternating stripes, and a slightly
craped or puckered surface; also, a cotton fabric of similar
appearance.
Seerwood \Seer"wood`\, n. [See {Sear}.]
Dry wood. [Written also {searwood}.] [Obs.] --Dryden.
Seesaw \See"saw`\, n. [Probably a reduplication of saw, to
express the alternate motion to and fro, as in the act of
sawing.]
1. A play among children in which they are seated upon the
opposite ends of a plank which is balanced in the middle,
and move alternately up and down.
2. A plank or board adjusted for this play.
3. A vibratory or reciprocating motion.
He has been arguing in a circle; there is thus a
seesaw between the hypothesis and fact. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
4. (Whist.) Same as {Crossruff}.
Seesaw \See"saw`\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Seesawad}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Seesawing}.]
To move with a reciprocating motion; to move backward and
forward, or upward and downward.
Seesaw \See"saw`\, v. t.
To cause to move backward and forward in seesaw fashion.
He seesaws himself to and fro. --Ld. Lytton.
Seesaw \See"saw`\, a.
Moving up and down, or to and fro; having a reciprocating
motion.
Seet \Seet\, obs. imp. of {Sit}.
Sate; sat. --Chaucer.
Seeth \Seeth\, obs.
imp. of {Seethe}. --Chaucer.
Seethe \Seethe\, v. t. [imp. {Seethed}({Sod}, obs.); p. p.
{Seethed}, {Sodden}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Seething}.] [OE.
sethen, AS. se['o]?an; akin to D. sieden, OHG. siodan, G.
sieden, Icel. sj??a, Sw. sjuda, Dan. syde, Goth. saubs a
burnt offering. Cf. {Sod}, n., {Sodden}, {Suds}.]
To decoct or prepare for food in hot liquid; to boil; as, to
seethe flesh. [Written also {seeth}.]
Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the sons
of the prophets. --2 Kings iv.
38.
Seethe \Seethe\, v. i.
To be a state of ebullition or violent commotion; to be hot;
to boil. --1 Sam. ii. 13.
A long Pointe, round which the Mississippi used to
whirl, and seethe, and foam. --G. W. Cable.
Seether \Seeth"er\, n.
A pot for boiling things; a boiler.
Like burnished gold the little seether shone. --Dryden.
Seg \Seg\, n. [See {Sedge}.] (Bot.)
1. Sedge. [Obs.]
2. The gladen, and other species of Iris. --Prior.
Seg \Seg\, n. [Probably from the root of L. secare to cut.]
A castrated bull. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --Halliwell.
Segar \Se*gar"\, n.
See {Cigar}.
Seggar \Seg"gar\, n. [Prov. E. saggard a seggar, seggard a sort
of riding surtout, contr. fr. safeguard.]
A case or holder made of fire clay, in which fine pottery is
inclosed while baking in the kin. [Written also {saggar},
{sagger}, and {segger}.] --Ure.
Segge \Segge\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Segment \Seg"ment\, n. [L. segmentum, fr. secare to cut, cut
off: cf. F. segment. See {Saw} a cutting instrument.]
1. One of the parts into which any body naturally separates
or is divided; a part divided or cut off; a section; a
portion; as, a segment of an orange; a segment of a
compound or divided leaf.
2. (Geom.) A part cut off from a figure by a line or plane;
especially, that part of a circle contained between a
chord and an arc of that circle, or so much of the circle
as is cut off by the chord; as, the segment acb in the
Illustration.
3. (Mach.)
(a) A piece in the form of the sector of a circle, or part
of a ring; as, the segment of a sectional fly wheel or
flywheel rim.
(b) A segment gear.
4. (Biol.)
(a) One of the cells or division formed by segmentation,
as in egg cleavage or in fissiparous cell formation.
(b) One of the divisions, rings, or joints into which many
animal bodies are divided; a somite; a metamere; a
somatome.
{Segment gear}, a piece for receiving or communicating
reciprocating motion from or to a cogwheel, consisting of
a sector of a circular gear, or ring, having cogs on the
periphery, or face.
{Segment of a line}, the part of a line contained between two
points on it.
{Segment of a sphere}, the part of a sphere cut off by a
plane, or included between two parallel planes.
{Ventral segment}. (Acoustics) See {Loor}, n., 5.
Segment \Seg"ment\, v. i. (Biol.)
To divide or separate into parts in growth; to undergo
segmentation, or cleavage, as in the segmentation of the
ovum.
Segmental \Seg*men"tal\, a.
1. Relating to, or being, a segment.
2. (Anat. & Zo["o]l.)
(a) Of or pertaining to the segments of animals; as, a
segmental duct; segmental papill[ae].
(b) Of or pertaining to the segmental organs.
{Segmental duct} (Anat.), the primitive duct of the embryonic
excretory organs which gives rise to the Wolffian duct and
ureter; the pronephric duct.
{Segmental organs}.
(a) (Anat.) The embryonic excretory organs of vertebrates,
consisting primarily of the segmental tubes and
segmental ducts.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) The tubular excretory organs, a pair of
which often occur in each of several segments in
annelids. They serve as renal organs, and often, also,
as oviducts and sperm ducts. See Illust. under
{Sipunculacea}.
{Segmental tubes} (Anat.), the tubes which primarily open
into the segmental duct, some of which become the urinary
tubules of the adult.
Segmentation \Seg`men*ta"tion\, n.
The act or process of dividing into segments; specifically
(Biol.), a self-division into segments as a result of growth;
cell cleavage; cell multiplication; endogenous cell
formation.
{Segmentation cavity} (Biol.), the cavity formed by the
arrangement of the cells in segmentation or cleavage of
the ovum; the cavity of the blastosphere. In the gastrula
stage, the segmentation cavity in which the mesoblast is
formed lies between the entoblast and ectoblast. See
Illust. of {Invagination}.
{Segmentation nucleus} (Biol.), the body formed by fusion of
the male and female pronucleus in an impregnated ovum. See
the Note under {Pronucleus}.
{Segmentation of the ovum}, or {Egg cleavage} (Biol.), the
process by which the embryos of all the higher plants and
animals are derived from the germ cell. In the simplest
case, that of small ova destitute of food yolk, the ovum
or egg divides into two similar halves or segments
(blastomeres), each of these again divides into two, and
so on, thus giving rise to a mass of cells (mulberry mass,
or morula), all equal and similar, from the growth and
development of which the future animal is to be formed.
This constitutes regular segmentation. Quite frequently,
however, the equality and regularity of cleavage is
interfered with by the presence of food yolk, from which
results unequal segmentation. See {Holoblastic},
{Meroblastic}, {Alecithal}, {Centrolecithal},
{Ectolecithal}, and {Ovum}.
{Segmentation sphere} (Biol.), the blastosphere, or morula.
See {Morula}.
Segmented \Seg"ment*ed\, a.
Divided into segments or joints; articulated.
Segnitude \Seg"ni*tude\, Segnity \Seg"ni*ty\, n. [L. segnitas,
fr. segnis slow, sluggish.]
Sluggishness; dullness; inactivity. [Obs.]
Segno \Se"gno\, n. [It. See {Sign}.] (Mus.)
A sign. See {Al segno}, and {Dal segno}.
Sego \Se"go\, n. (Bot.)
A liliaceous plant ({Calochortus Nuttallii}) of Western North
America, and its edible bulb; -- so called by the Ute Indians
and the Mormons.
Segregate \Seg"re*gate\, a. [L. segregatus, p. p. of segregare
to separate; pref. se- aside + grex, gregis, a flock or herd.
See {Gregarious}.]
1. Separate; select.
2. (Bot.) Separated from others of the same kind.
Segregate \Seg"re*gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Segregated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Segregating}.]
To separate from others; to set apart.
They are still segregated, Christians from Christians,
under odious designations. --I. Taylor.
Segregate \Seg"re*gate\, v. i. (Geol.)
To separate from a mass, and collect together about centers
or along lines of fracture, as in the process of
crystallization or solidification.
Segregation \Seg`re*ga"tion\, n. [L. segregatio: cf. F.
s['e]gr['e]gation.]
1. The act of segregating, or the state of being segregated;
separation from others; a parting.
2. (Geol.) Separation from a mass, and gathering about
centers or into cavities at hand through cohesive
attraction or the crystallizing process.
Seiches \Seiches\, n. pl. [F.] (Geol.)
Local oscillations in level observed in the case of some
lakes, as Lake Geneva.
Seid \Seid\, n. [Ar seyid prince.]
A descendant of Mohammed through his daughter Fatima and
nephew Ali.
Seidlitz \Seid"litz\, a.
Of or pertaining to Seidlitz, a village in Bohemia. [Written
also {Sedlitz}.]
{Seidlitz powders}, effervescing salts, consisting of two
separate powders, one of which contains forty grains of
sodium bicarbonate mixed with two drachms of Rochell? salt
(tartrate of potassium and sodium) and the other contains
thirty-five grains of tartaric acid. The powders are mixed
in water, and drunk while effervescing, as a mild
cathartic; -- so called from the resemblance to the
natural water of Seidlitz. Called also {Rochelle powders}.
{Seidlitz water}, a natural water from Seidlitz, containing
magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium sulphates, with
calcium carbonate and a little magnesium chloride. It is
used as an aperient.
Seigh \Seigh\,
obs. imp. sing. of {See}. {Saw}. --Chaucer.
Seigneurial \Seign*eu"ri*al\, a. [F., fr. seigneur. See
{Seignior}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the lord of a manor; manorial. --Sir
W. Temple.
2. Vested with large powers; independent.
Seignior \Seign"ior\, n. [OF. seignor, F. seigneur, cf. It.
signore, Sp. se[~n]or from an objective case of L. senier
elder. See {Senior}.]
1. A lord; the lord of a manor.
2. A title of honor or of address in the South of Europe,
corresponding to Sir or Mr. in English.
{Grand Seignior}, the sultan of Turkey.
Seigniorage \Seign"ior*age\, n. [F. seigneuriage, OF.
seignorage.]
1. Something claimed or taken by virtue of sovereign
prerogative; specifically, a charge or toll deducted from
bullion brought to a mint to be coined; the difference
between the cost of a mass of bullion and the value as
money of the pieces coined from it.
If government, however, throws the expense of
coinage, as is reasonable, upon the holders, by
making a charge to cover the expense (which is done
by giving back rather less in coin than has been
received in bullion, and is called ``levying a
seigniorage''), the coin will rise to the extent of
the seigniorage above the value of the bullion. --J.
S. Mill.
2. A share of the receipts of a business taken in payment for
the use of a right, as a copyright or a patent.
Seignioral \Seign"ior*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a seignior; seigneurial. ``Kingly or
seignioral patronage.'' --Burke.
Seignioralty \Seign"ior*al*ty\, n.
The territory or authority of a seignior, or lord. --Milman.
Seigniorial \Seign*io"ri*al\, a.
Same as {Seigneurial}.
Seigniorize \Seign"ior*ize\, v. t.
To lord it over. [Obs.]
As proud as he that seigniorizeth hell. --Fairfax.
Seigniory \Seign"ior*y\, n.; pl. {-ies}. [OE. seignorie, OF.
seigneurie, F. seigneurie; cf. It. signoria.]
1. The power or authority of a lord; dominion.
O'Neal never had any seigniory over that country but
what by encroachment he got upon the English.
--Spenser.
2. The territory over which a lord holds jurisdiction; a
manor. [Written also {seigneury}, and {seignory}.]
Seine \Seine\, n. [F. seine, or AS. segene, b?th fr. L. sagena,
Gr. ????.] (Fishing.)
A large net, one edge of which is provided with sinkers, and
the other with floats. It hangs vertically in the water, and
when its ends are brought together or drawn ashore incloses
the fish.
{Seine boat}, a boat specially constructed to carry and pay
out a seine.
Seiner \Sein"er\, n.
One who fishes with a seine.
Seining \Sein"ing\, n.
Fishing with a seine.
Seint \Seint\, n. [See {Cincture}.]
A girdle. [Obs.] ``Girt with a seint of silk.'' --Chaucer.
Seint \Seint\, n.
A saint. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Seintuary \Sein"tu*a*ry\, n.
Sanctuary. [Obs.]
Seirfish \Seir"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Seerfish}.
Seirospore \Sei"ro*spore\, n. [Gr. ??? a cord + E. spore.]
(Bot.)
One of several spores arranged in a chain as in certain
alg[ae] of the genus {Callithamnion}.
Seise \Seise\, v. t.
See {Seize}. --Spenser.
Note: This is the common spelling in the law phrase to be
seised of (an estate).
Seisin \Sei"sin\, n.
See {Seizin}. --Spenser.
Seismic \Seis"mic\, Seismal \Seis"mal\, a. [Gr. seismo`s an
earthquake, from sei`ein to shake.]
Of or pertaining to an earthquake; caused by an earthquake.
{Seismic vertical}, the point upon the earth's surface
vertically over the center of effort or focal point whence
the earthquake's impulse proceeds, or the vertical line
connecting these two points.
Seismograph \Seis"mo*graph\, n. [Gr. ??? an earthquake +
-graph.] (Physics)
An apparatus for registering the shocks and undulatory
motions of earthquakes.
Seismographic \Seis`mo*graph"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a seismograph; indicated by a
seismograph.
Seismography \Seis*mog"ra*phy\, n.
1. A writing about, or a description of, earthquakes.
2. The art of registering the shocks and undulatory movements
of earthquakes.
Seismological \Seis`mo*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to seismology. -- {Seis`mo*log"ic*al*ly},
adv.
Seismology \Seis*mol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ??? an earthquake + -logy.]
The science of earthquakes.
Seismometer \Seis*mom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ??? an earthquake +
-meter.] (Physics)
An instrument for measuring the direction, duration, and
force of earthquakes and like concussions.
Seismometric \Seis`mo*met"ric\, a.
Of or pertaining to seismometry, or seismometer; as,
seismometric instruments; seismometric measurements.
Seismometry \Seis*mom"e*try\, n.
The mensuration of such phenomena of earthquakes as can be
expressed in numbers, or by their relation to the
co["o]rdinates of space.
Seismoscope \Seis"mo*scope\, n. [Gr. ??? an earthquake +
-scope.] (Physics)
A seismometer.
Seity \Se"i*ty\, n. [L. se one's self.]
Something peculiar to one's self. [R.] --Tatler.
Seizable \Seiz"a*ble\, a.
That may be seized.
Seize \Seize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seized}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Seizing}.] [OE. seisen, saisen, OF. seisir, saisir, F.
saisir, of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. set. The meaning
is properly, to set, put, place, hence, to put in possession
of. See {Set}, v. t.]
1. To fall or rush upon suddenly and lay hold of; to gripe or
grasp suddenly; to reach and grasp.
For by no means the high bank he could seize.
--Spenser.
Seek you to seize and gripe into your hands The
royalties and rights of banished Hereford? --Shak.
2. To take possession of by force.
At last they seize The scepter, and regard not
David's sons. --Milton.
3. To invade suddenly; to take sudden hold of; to come upon
suddenly; as, a fever seizes a patient.
Hope and deubt alternate seize her seul. --Pope.
4. (law) To take possession of by virtue of a warrant or
other legal authority; as, the sheriff seized the debtor's
goods.
5. To fasten; to fix. [Obs.]
As when a bear hath seized her cruel claws Upon the
carcass of some beast too weak. --Spenser.
6. To grap with the mind; to comprehend fully and distinctly;
as, to seize an idea.
7. (Naut.) To bind or fasten together with a lashing of small
stuff, as yarn or marline; as, to seize ropes.
Note: This word, by writers on law, is commonly written
seise, in the phrase to be seised of (an estate), as
also, in composition, disseise, disseisin.
{To be seized of}, to have possession, or right of
possession; as, A B was seized and possessed of the manor
of Dale. ``Whom age might see seized of what youth made
prize.'' --Chapman.
{To seize on} or {upon}, to fall on and grasp; to take hold
on; to take possession of suddenly and forcibly.
Syn: To catch; grasp; clutch; snatch; apprehend; arrest;
take; capture.
Seizer \Seiz"er\, n.
One who, or that which, seizes.
Seizin \Sei"zin\, n. [F. saisine. See {Seize}.]
1. (Law) Possession; possession of an estate of froehold. It
may be either in deed or in law; the former when there is
actual possession, the latter when there is a right to
such possession by construction of law. In some of the
United States seizin means merely ownership. --Burrill.
2. The act of taking possession. [Obs.]
3. The thing possessed; property. --Sir M. Halle.
Note: Commonly spelt by writers on law seisin.
{Livery of seizin}. (Eng. Law) See Note under {Livery}, 1.
Seizing \Seiz"ing\, n.
1. The act of taking or grasping suddenly.
2. (Naut.)
(a) The operation of fastening together or lashing.
(b) The cord or lashing used for such fastening.
Seizor \Sei"zor\, n. (Law)
One who seizes, or takes possession.
Seizure \Sei"zure\, n.
1. The act of seizing, or the state of being seized; sudden
and violent grasp or gripe; a taking into possession; as,
the seizure of a thief, a property, a throne, etc.
2. Retention within one's grasp or power; hold; possession;
ownership.
Make o'er thy honor by a deed of trust, And give me
seizure of the mighty wealth. --Dryden.
3. That which is seized, or taken possession of; a thing laid
hold of, or possessed.
Sejant \Se"jant\, Sejeant \Se"jeant\, a. [F. s['e]ant, p. pr. of
seoir to sit, L. sedere.] (Her.)
Sitting, as a lion or other beast.
{Sejant rampant}, sitting with the forefeet lifted up.
--Wright.
Sejein \Se*jein"\, v. t. [L. sejungere; pref. se- aside +
jungere to join. See {Join}.]
To separate. [Obs.]
Sejunction \Se*junc"tion\, n. [L. sejunctio. See {Sejoin}.]
The act of disjoining, or the state of being disjoined.
[Obs.] --Bp. Pearson.
Sejungible \Se*jun"gi*ble\, a. [See {Sejoin}.]
Capable of being disjoined. [Obs.] --Bp. Pearson.
Seke \Seke\, a.
Sick. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Seke \Seke\, v. t. & i.
To seek. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sekes \Se"kes\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? a pen, a sacred inclosure,
a shrine.] (Arch.)
A place in a pagan temple in which the images of the deities
were inclosed.
Selachian \Se*la"chi*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Selachii. See Illustration in Appendix.
Selachii \Se*la"chi*i\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? a fish having
cartilages instead of bones.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of elasmobranchs including the sharks and rays; the
Plagiostomi. Called also {Selacha}, {Selache}, and
{Selachoidei}.
Selachoidei \Sel`a*choi"de*i\, n. pl. [NL. See {Selachii}, and
{-oid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Selachii}.
Selachostomi \Sel`a*chos"to*mi\, n. pl. [NL. See {Selachii}, and
{Stoma}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of ganoid fishes which includes the paddlefish, in
which the mouth is armed with small teeth.
Selaginella \Sel`a*gi*nel"la\, n. [NL., fr. L. selago, -inis, a
kind of plant.] (Bot.)
A genus of cryptogamous plants resembling Lycopodia, but
producing two kinds of spores; also, any plant of this genus.
Many species are cultivated in conservatories.
Selah \Se"lah\, n. [Heb. sel[=a]h.] (Script.)
A word of doubtful meaning, occuring frequently in the
Psalms; by some, supposed to signify silence or a pause in
the musical performance of the song.
Beyond the fact that Selach is a musical term, we know
absolutely nothing about it. --Dr. W. Smith
(Bib. Dict.)
Selcouth \Sel"couth\, n. [AS. selc??, seldc??; seld rare + c??
known. See {Uncouth}.]
Rarely known; unusual; strange. [Obs.]
[She] wondered much at his so selcouth case. --Spenser.
Seld \Seld\, a. [See {Seldom}.]
Rare; uncommon; unusual. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Spenser.
Seld \Seld\, adv.
Rarely; seldom. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Selden \Sel"den\, adv.
Seldom. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Seldem \Sel"dem\, adv. [Usually, Compar. {More seldom}; superl.
{Most seldom}; but sometimes also, {Seldomer}, {Seldomest}.]
[AS. seldan, seldon, seldum, fr. seld rare; akin to OFries.
sielden, D. zelden, G. selten, OHG. seltan, Icel. sjaldan,
Dan. sielden, Sw. s["a]llan, Goth. sildaleiks marvelous.]
Rarely; not often; not frequently.
Wisdom and youth are seldom joined in one. --Hooker.
Seldom \Sel"dom\, a.
Rare; infrequent. [Archaic.] ``A suppressed and seldom
anger.'' --Jer. Taylor.
Seldomness \Sel"dom*ness\, n.
Rareness. --Hooker.
Seldseen \Seld"seen`\, a. [AS. seldsiene.]
Seldom seen. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Seldshewn \Seld"shewn`\, a. [Seld + shown.]
Rarely shown or exhibited. [Obs.] --Shak.
Select \Se*lect"\, a. [L. selectus, p. p. of seligere to select;
pref. se- aside + levere to gather. See {Legend}.]
Taken from a number by preferance; picked out as more
valuable or exellent than others; of special value or
exellence; nicely chosen; selected; choice.
A few select spirits had separated from the crowd, and
formed a fit audience round a far greater teacher.
--Macaulay.
Select \Se*lect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Selected}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Selecting}.]
To choose and take from a number; to take by preference from
among others; to pick out; to cull; as, to select the best
authors for perusal. ``One peculiar nation to select.''
--Milton.
The pious chief . . . A hundred youths from all his
train selects. --Dryden.
Selectedly \Se*lect"ed*ly\, adv.
With care and selection. [R.]
Selection \Se*lec"tion\, n. [L. selectio: cf. F. s['e]lection.]
.
The act of selecting, or the state of being selected; choice,
by preference.
2. That which is selected; a collection of things chosen; as,
a choice selection of books.
{Natural selection}. (Biol.) See under {Natural}.
Selective \Se*lect"ive\, a.
Selecting; tending to select.
This selective providence of the Almighty. --Bp. Hall.
Selectman \Se*lect"man\, n.; pl. {Selectmen}.
One of a board of town officers chosen annually in the New
England States to transact the general public business of the
town, and have a kind of executive authority. The number is
usually from three to seven in each town.
The system of delegated town action was then, perhaps,
the same which was defined in an ``order made in 1635
by the inhabitants of Charlestown at a full meeting for
the government of the town, by selectmen;'' the name
presently extended throughout New England to municipal
governors. --Palfrey.
Selectness \Se*lect"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being select.
Selector \Se*lect"or\, n. [L.]
One who selects.
Selenate \Sel"e*nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of selenic acid; -- formerly called also {seleniate}.
Selenhydric \Sel`en*hy"dric\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen selenide, {H2Se},
regarded as an acid analogous to sulphydric acid.
Selenic \Se*len"ic\, a. [Cf. F. s['e]l['e]nique.] (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to selenium; derived from, or containing,
selenium; specifically, designating those compounds in which
the element has a higher valence as contrasted with selenious
compounds.
Selenide \Sel"e*nide\, n. (Chem.)
A binary compound of selenium, or a compound regarded as
binary; as, ethyl selenide.
Seleniferous \Sel`e*nif"er*ous\, a. [Selenium + -ferous. ]
Containing, or impregnated with, selenium; as, seleniferous
pyrites.
Selenio- \Se*le"ni*o-\ (Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the
presence of selenium or its compounds; as, selenio-phosphate,
a phosphate having selenium in place of all, or a part, of
the oxygen.
Selenious \Se*le"ni*ous\, a. [Cf. F. s['e]l['e]nieux.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or containing, selenium; specifically,
designating those compounds in which the element has a lower
valence as contrasted with selenic compounds.
Selenite \Sel"e*nite\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of selenious acid.
Selenite \Sel"e*nite\, n. [L. selenites, Gr. ???? (sc. ???),
from ??? the moon. So called from a fancied resemblance in
luster or appearance to the moon.] (Min.)
A variety of gypsum, occuring in transparent crystals or
crystalline masses.
Selenitic \Sel`e*nit"ic\, Selenitical \Sel`e*nit"ic*al\, a.
(Min.)
Of or pertaining to selenite; resembling or containing
selenite.
Selenium \Se*le"ni*um\, n. [NL., from Gr. ??? the moon. So
called because of its chemical analogy to tellurium (from L.
tellus the earth), being, as it were, a companion to it.]
(Chem.)
A nonmetallic element of the sulphur group, and analogous to
sulphur in its compounds. It is found in small quantities
with sulphur and some sulphur ores, and obtained in the free
state as a dark reddish powder or crystalline mass, or as a
dark metallic-looking substance. It exhibits under the action
of light a remarkable variation in electric conductivity, and
is used in certain electric apparatus. Symbol Se. Atomic
weight 78.9.
Seleniuret \Sel`e*ni"u*ret\, n. (CHem.)
A selenide. [Obs.]
Seleniureted \Sel`e*ni"u*ret`ed\, a. (Chem.)
Combined with selenium as in a selenide; as, seleniureted
hydrogen. [Written also {seleniuretted}.] [Obsoles.]
Selenecentric \Se*le`ne*cen"tric\, a. [Gr. ??? the moon + E.
centric.] (Astron.)
As seen or estimated from the center of the moon; with the
moon central.
Selenograph \Se*le"no*graph\, n.
A picture or delineation of the moon's surface, or of any
part of it.
Selenographer \Sel`e*nog"ra*pher\, n.
One skilled in selenography. --Wright.
Selenographic \Sel`e*no*graph"ic\, Selenographical
\Sel`e*no*graph"i*cal\, a. [Cf. F. s['e]l['e]nographique.]
Of or pertaining to selenography.
Selenographist \Sel`e*nog"ra*phist\, n.
A selenographer.
Selenography \Sel`e*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ??? the moon +
-graphy.]
The science that treats of the physical features of the moon;
-- corresponding to physical geography in respect to the
earth. ``Accurate selenography, or description of the moon.''
--Sir T. Browne.
Selenonium \Sel`e*no"ni*um\, n. [Selenium + sulphonium.] (Chem.)
A hypothetical radical of selenium, analogous to sulphonium.
[R.]
Selenology \Sel`e*nol"o*gy\, n. [Gr.??? the mean + -logy.]
That branch of astronomy which treats of the moon. --
{Sel`e*no*log"i*cal}, a.
Self \Self\, a. [AS. self, seolf, sylf; akin to OS. self,
OFries. self, D. zelf, G. selb, selber, selbst, Dan. selv.
Sw. sjelf, Icel. sj[=a]lfr, Goth. silba. Cf. {Selavage}.]
Same; particular; very; identical. [Obs., except in the
compound selfsame.] ``On these self hills.'' --Sir. W.
Raleigh.
To shoot another arrow that self way Which you did
shoot the first. --Shak.
At that self moment enters Palamon. --Dryden.
Self \Self\, n.; pl. {Selves}.
1. The individual as the object of his own reflective
consciousness; the man viewed by his own cognition as the
subject of all his mental phenomena, the agent in his own
activities, the subject of his own feelings, and the
possessor of capacities and character; a person as a
distinct individual; a being regarded as having
personality. ``Those who liked their real selves.''
--Addison.
A man's self may be the worst fellow to converse
with in the world. --Pope.
The self, the I, is recognized in every act of
intelligence as the subject to which that act
belongs. It is I that perceive, I that imagine, I
that remember, I that attend, I that compare, I that
feel, I that will, I that am conscious. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. Hence, personal interest, or love of private interest;
selfishness; as, self is his whole aim.
3. Personification; embodiment. [Poetic.]
She was beauty's self. --Thomson.
Note: Self is united to certain personal pronouns and
pronominal adjectives to express emphasis or
distinction. Thus, for emphasis; I myself will write; I
will examine for myself; thou thyself shalt go; thou
shalt see for thyself; you yourself shall write; you
shall see for yourself; he himself shall write; he
shall examine for himself; she herself shall write; she
shall examine for herself; the child itself shall be
carried; it shall be present itself. It is also used
reflexively; as, I abhor myself; thou enrichest
thyself; he loves himself; she admires herself; it
pleases itself; we walue ourselves; ye hurry
yourselves; they see themselves. Himself, herself,
themselves, are used in the nominative case, as well as
in the objective. ``Jesus himself baptized not, but his
disciples.'' --John iv. 2.
Note: self is used in the formation of innumerable compounds,
usually of obvious signification, in most of which it
denotes either the agent or the object of the action
expressed by the word with which it is joined, or the
person in behalf of whom it is performed, or the person
or thing to, for, or towards whom or which a quality,
attribute, or feeling expressed by the following word
belongs, is directed, or is exerted, or from which it
proceeds; or it denotes the subject of, or object
affected by, such action, quality, attribute, feeling,
or the like; as, self-abandoning, self-abnegation,
self-abhorring, self-absorbed, self-accusing,
self-adjusting, self-balanced, self-boasting,
self-canceled, self-combating, self-commendation,
self-condemned, self-conflict, self-conquest,
self-constituted, self-consumed, self-contempt,
self-controlled, self-deceiving, self-denying,
self-destroyed, self-disclosure, self-display,
self-dominion, self-doomed, self-elected, self-evolved,
self-exalting, self-excusing, self-exile, self-fed,
self-fulfillment, self-governed, self-harming,
self-helpless, self-humiliation, self-idolized,
self-inflicted, self-improvement, self-instruction,
self-invited, self-judging, self-justification,
self-loathing, self-loving, self-maintenance,
self-mastered, self-nourishment, self-perfect,
self-perpetuation, self-pleasing, self-praising,
self-preserving, self-questioned, self-relying,
self-restraining, self-revelation, self-ruined,
self-satisfaction, self-support, self-sustained,
self-sustaining, self-tormenting, self-troubling,
self-trust, self-tuition, self-upbraiding,
self-valuing, self-worshiping, and many others.
Self-abased \Self`-a*based"\, a.
Humbled by consciousness of inferiority, unworthiness, guilt,
or shame.
Self-abasement \Self`-a*base"ment\, n.
1. Degradation of one's self by one's own act.
2. Humiliation or abasement proceeding from consciousness of
inferiority, guilt, or shame.
Self-abasing \Self`-a*bas"ing\, a.
Lowering or humbling one's self.
Self-abhorrence \Self`-ab*hor"rence\, n.
Abhorrence of one's self.
Self-abnegation \Self`-ab`ne*ga"tion\, n.
Self-denial; self-renunciation; self-sacrifice.
Self-abuse \Self`-abuse"\, n.
1. The abuse of one's own self, powers, or faculties.
2. Self-deception; delusion. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. Masturbation; onanism; self-pollution.
Self-accused \Self"-ac*cused"\, a.
Accused by one's self or by one's conscience. ``Die
self-accused.'' --Cowper.
Self-acting \Self`-act"ing\, a.
Acting of or by one's self or by itself; -- said especially
of a machine or mechanism which is made to perform of or for
itself what is usually done by human agency; automatic; as, a
self-acting feed apparatus; a self-acting mule; a self-acting
press.
Self-action \Self`-ac"tion\, n.
Action by, or originating in, one's self or itself.
Self-active \Self`-ac"tive\, a.
Acting of one's self or of itself; acting without depending
on other agents.
Self-activity \Self`-ac*tiv"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being self-active; self-action.
Self-adjusting \Self`-ad*just"ing\, a. (Mach.)
Capable of assuming a desired position or condition with
relation to other parts, under varying circumstances, without
requiring to be adjusted by hand; -- said of a piece in
machinery.
{Self-adjusting bearing} (Shafting), a bearing which is
supported in such a manner that it may tip to accomodate
flexure or displacement of the shaft.
Self-admiration \Self`-ad`mi*ra"tion\, n.
Admiration of one's self.
Self-affairs \Self`-af*fairs"\, n. pl.
One's own affairs; one's private business. [Obs.] --Shak.
Self-affrighted \Self`-af*fright"ed\, a.
Frightened at or by one's self. --Shak.
Self-aggrandizement \Self`-ag*gran"dize*ment\, n.
The aggrandizement of one's self.
Self-annihilated \Self`-an*ni"hi*la`ted\, a.
Annihilated by one's self.
Self-annihilation \Self`-an*ni`hi*la"tion\, n.
Annihilation by one's own acts; annihilation of one's
desires. --Addison.
Self-applause \Self`-ap*plause"\, n.
Applause of one's self.
Self-applying \Self`-ap*ply"ing\, a.
Applying to or by one's self.
Self-approving \Self`-ap*prov"ing\, a.
Approving one's own action or character by one's own
judgment.
One self-approving hour whole years outweighs Of stupid
starers and of loud huzzas. --Pope.
Self-asserting \Self`-as*sert"ing\, a.
asserting one's self, or one's own rights or claims; hence,
putting one's self forward in a confident or assuming manner.
Self-assertion \Self`-as*ser"tion\, n.
The act of asserting one's self, or one's own rights or
claims; the quality of being self-asserting.
Self-assertive \Self`-as*sert"ive\, a.
Disposed to self-assertion; self-asserting.
Self-assumed \Self`-as*sumed`\, a.
Assumed by one's own act, or without authority.
Self-assured \Self`-as*sured`\, a.
Assured by or of one's self; self-reliant; complacent.
Self-banished \Self`-ban"ished\, a.
Exiled voluntarily.
Self-begetten \Self"-be*get"ten\, a.
Begotten by one's self, or one's own powers.
Self-bern \Self"-bern`\, a.
Born or produced by one's self.
Self-centered \Self`-cen"tered\, Self-centred \Self`-cen"tred\,
a.
Centered in itself, or in one's self.
There hangs the ball of earth and water mixt,
Self-centered and unmoved. --Dryden.
Self-centering \Self`-cen"ter*ing\, Self-centring
\Self`-cen"tring\a.
Centering in one's self.
Self-centration \Self`-cen*tra"tion\, n.
The quality or state of being self-centered.
Self-charity \Self`-char"i*ty\, n.
Self-love. [Obs.] --Shak.
Self-color \Self"-col`or\, n.
A color not mixed or variegated.
Self-celored \Self`-cel"ored\, a.
Being of a single color; -- applied to flowers, animals, and
textile fabrics.
Self-command \Self`-com*mand"\, n.
Control over one's own feelings, temper, etc.; self-control.
Self-commune \Self`-com*mune"\, n.
Self-communion. [R.]
Self-communicative \Self`-com*mu"ni*ca*tive\, a.
Imparting or communicating by its own powers.
Self-communion \Self`-com*mun"ion\, n.
Communion with one's self; thoughts about one's self.
Self-complacency \Self`-com*pla"cen*cy\, n.
The quality of being self-complacent. --J. Foster.
Self-complacent \Self`-com*pla"cent\, a.
Satisfied with one's own character, capacity, and doings;
self-satisfied.
Self-conceit \Self`-con*ceit"\, n.
Conceit of one's self; an overweening opinion of one's powers
or endowments.
Syn: See {Egotism}.
Self-conceited \Self`-con*ceit"ed\, a.
Having an overweening opinion of one's own powers,
attainments; vain; conceited. -- {Self`-con*ceit"ed*ness}, n.
Self-concern \Self`-con*cern"\, n.
Concern for one's self.
Self-condemnation \Self`-con`dem*na"tion\, n.
Condemnation of one's self by one's own judgment.
Self-confidence \Self`-con"fi*dence\, n.
The quality or state of being self-confident; self-reliance.
A feeling of self-confidence which supported and
sustained him. --Beaconsfield.
Self-confident \Self`-con"fi*dent\, a.
Confident of one's own strength or powers; relying on one's
judgment or ability; self-reliant. -- {Self`-con"fi*dent*ly},
adv.
Self-conjugate \Self`-con"ju*gate\, a. (Geom.)
Having the two things that are conjugate parts of the same
figure; as, self-conjugate triangles.
Self-conscious \Self`-con"scious\, a.
1. Conscious of one's acts or state as belonging to, or
originating in, one's self. ``My self-conscious worth.''
--Dryden.
2. Conscious of one's self as an object of the observation of
others; as, the speaker was too self-conscious.
Self-consciousness \Self`-con"scious*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being self-conscious.
Self-considering \Self`-con*sid"er*ing\, a.
Considering in one's own mind; deliberating. --Pope.
Self-consistency \Self`-con*sist"en*cy\, n.
The quality or state of being self-consistent.
Self-cconsistent \Self`-ccon*sist"ent\, a.
Consistent with one's self or with itself; not deviation from
the ordinary standard by which the conduct is guided;
logically consistent throughout; having each part consistent
with the rest.
Self-consuming \Self`-con*sum"ing\, a.
Consuming one's self or itself.
Self-contained \Self`-con*tained"\, a.
1. Having self-control; reserved; uncommunicative; wholly
engrossed in one's self.
2. (Mach.) Having all the essential working parts connected
by a bedplate or framework, or contained in a case, etc.,
so that mutual relations of the parts do not depend upon
fastening outside of the machine itself.
{Self-contained steam engine}.
(a) A steam engine having both bearings for the crank
shaft attached to the frame of the engine.
(b) A steam engine and boiler combined and fastened
together; a portable steam engine.
Self-contradiction \Self`-con`tra*dic"tion\, n.
The act of contradicting one's self or itself; repugnancy in
conceptions or in terms; a proposition consisting of two
members, one of which contradicts the other; as, to be and
not to be at the same time is a self-contradiction.
Self-contradictory \Self`-con`tra*dict"o*ry\, a.
Contradicting one's self or itself.
Self-control \Self`-con*trol"\, n.
Control of one's self; restraint exercised over one's self;
self-command.
Self-convicted \Self`-con*vict"ed\, a.
Convicted by one's own consciousness, knowledge, avowal, or
acts.
Self-conviction \Self`-con*vic"tion\, n.
The act of convicting one's self, or the state of being
self-convicted.
Self-created \Self`-cre*at"ed\, a.
Created by one's self; not formed or constituted by another.
Self-culture \Self`-cul"ture\, n.
Culture, training, or education of one's self by one's own
efforts.
Self-deceit \Self`-de*ceit"\, n.
The act of deceiving one's self, or the state of being
self-deceived; self-deception.
Self-deceived \Self`-de*ceived"\, a.
Deceived or misled respecting one's self by one's own mistake
or error.
Self-deception \Self`-de*cep"tion\, n.
Self-deceit.
Self-defence \Self`-de*fence"\, n.
See {Self-defense}.
Self-defense \Self`-de*fense"\, n.
The act of defending one's own person, property, or
reputation.
{In self-defense} (Law), in protection of self, -- it being
permitted in law to a party on whom a grave wrong is
attempted to resist the wrong, even at the peril of the
life of the assailiant. --Wharton.
Self-defensive \Self`-de*fen"sive\, a.
Defending, or tending to defend, one's own person, property,
or reputation.
Self-degradation \Self`-deg`ra*da"tion\, n.
The act of degrading one's self, or the state of being so
degraded.
Self-delation \Self`-de*la"tion\, n.
Accusation of one's self. [R.] --Milman.
Self-delusion \Self`-de*lu"sion\, n.
The act of deluding one's self, or the state of being thus
deluded.
Self-denial \Self`-de*ni"al\, n.
The denial of one's self; forbearing to gratify one's own
desires; self-sacrifice.
Self-denying \Self`-de*ny"ing\, a.
Refusing to gratify one's self; self-sacrificing. --
{Self`-de*ny"ing*ly}, adv.
Self-dependent \Self`-de*pend"ent\, a.
Dependent on one's self; self-depending; self-reliant.
Self-depending \Self`-de*pend"ing\, a.
Depending on one's self.
Self-depraved \Self`-de*praved"\, a.
Corrupted or depraved by one's self. --Milton.
Self-destroyer \Self`-de*stroy"er\, n.
One who destroys himself; a suicide.
Self-destruction \Self`-de*struc"tion\, n.
The destruction of one's self; self-murder; suicide.
--Milton.
Self-destructive \Self`-de*struc"tive\, a.
Destroying, or tending to destroy, one's self or itself;
rucidal.
Self-determination \Self`-de*ter`mi*na"tion\, n.
Determination by one's self; or, determination of one's acts
or states without the necessitating force of motives; --
applied to the voluntary or activity.
Self-determining \Self`-de*ter"min*ing\, a.
Capable of self-determination; as, the self-determining power
of will.
Self-devised \Self`-de*vised"\, a.
Devised by one's self.
Self-devoted \Self`-de*vot"ed\, a.
Devoted in person, or by one's own will. --Hawthorne.
Self-devotement \Self`-de*vote"ment\, n.
Self-devotion. [R.]
Self-devotion \Self`-de*vo"tion\, n.
The act of devoting one's self, or the state of being
self-devoted; willingness to sacrifice one's own advantage or
happiness for the sake of others; self-sacrifice.
Self-devouring \Self`-de*vour"ing\, a.
Devouring one's self or itself. --Danham.
Self-diffusive \Self`-dif*fu"sive\, a.
Having power to diffuse itself; diffusing itself. --Norris.
Self-discipline \Self`-dis"ci*pline\, n.
Correction or government of one's self for the sake of
improvement.
Self-distrust \Self`-dis*trust"\, n.
Want of confidence in one' self; diffidence.
Self-educated \Self`-ed"u*ca`ted\, a.
Educated by one's own efforts, without instruction, or
without pecuniary assistance from others.
Self-elective \Self`-e*lect"ive\, a.
Having the right of electing one's self, or, as a body, of
electing its own members.
Self-enjoyment \Self`-en*joy"ment\, n.
Enjoyment of one's self; self-satisfaction.
Self-esteem \Self`-es*teem"\, n.
The holding a good opinion of one's self; self-complacency.
Self-estimation \Self`-es`ti*ma"tion\, n.
The act of estimating one's self; self-esteem.
Self-evidence \Self`-ev"i*dence\, n.
The quality or state of being self-evident. --Locke.
Self-evident \Self`-ev"i*dent\, a.
Evident without proof or reasoning; producing certainty or
conviction upon a bare presentation to the mind; as, a
self-evident proposition or truth. -- {Self`-ev"i*dent*ly},
adv.
Self-evolution \Self`-ev`o*lu"tion\, n.
Evolution of one's self; development by inherent quality or
power.
Self-exaltation \Self`-ex`al*ta"tion\, n.
The act of exalting one's self, or the state of being so
exalted.
Self-examinant \Self`-ex*am"i*nant\, n.
One who examines himself; one given to self-examination.
The humiliated self-examinant feels that there is evil
in our nature as well as good. --Coleridge.
Self-examination \Self`-ex*am`i*na"tion\, n.
An examination into one's own state, conduct, and motives,
particularly in regard to religious feelings and duties.
Self-existence \Self`-ex*ist"ence\, n.
Inherent existence; existence possessed by virtue of a
being's own nature, and independent of any other being or
cause; -- an attribute peculiar to God. --Blackmore.
Self-existent \Self`-ex*ist"ent\, a.
Existing of or by himself,independent of any other being or
cause; -- as, God is the only self-existent being.
self-explaining \self`-ex*plain"ing\, a.
Explaining itself; capable of being understood without
explanation.
Self-exposure \Self`-ex*po"sure\, n.
The act of exposing one's self; the state of being so
exposed.
Self-fertilization \Self`-fer`ti*li*za"tion\, n. (Bot.)
The fertilization of a flower by pollen from the same flower
and without outer aid; autogamy.
Self-fertilized \Self`-fer"ti*lized\, a. (Bot.)
Fertilized by pollen from the same flower.
Self-glorious \Self`-glo"ri*ous\, a.
Springing from vainglory or vanity; vain; boastful. --Dryden.
Self-government \Self`-gov"ern*ment\, n.
1. The act of governing one's self, or the state of being
governed by one's self; self-control; self-command.
2. Hence, government of a community, state, or nation by the
joint action of the mass of people constituting such a
civil body; also, the state of being so governed;
democratic government; democracy.
It is to self-government, the great principle of
popular representation and administration, -- the
system that lets in all to participate in the
councels that are to assign the good or evil to all,
-- that we may owe what we are and what we hope to
be. --D. Webster.
Self-gratulation \Self`-grat`u*la"tion\, n.
Gratulation of one's self.
Self-heal \Self`-heal"\, n. (Bot.)
A blue-flowered labiate plant ({Brunella vulgaris}); the
healall.
Self-healing \Self`-heal"ing\, a.
Having the power or property of healing itself.
Self-help \Self`-help"\, n.
The act of aiding one's self, without depending on the aid of
others.
Self-homicide \Self`-hom"i*cide\, n.
The act of killing one's self; suicide. --Hakewill.
Selfhood \Self"hood\, n.
Existence as a separate self, or independent person;
conscious personality; individuality. --Bib. Sacra.
Self-ignorance \Self`-ig"no*rance\, n.
Ignorance of one's own character, powers, and limitations.
Self-ignorant \Self`-ig"no*rant\, a.
Ignorant of one's self.
Self-imparting \Self`-im*part"ing\, a.
Imparting by one's own, or by its own, powers and will.
--Norris.
Self-importance \Self`-im*por"tance\, n.
An exaggerated estimate of one's own importance or merit,
esp. as manifested by the conduct or manners; self-conceit.
Self-important \Self`-im*por"tant\, a.
Having or manifesting an exaggerated idea of one's own
importance or merit.
Self-imposed \Self`-im*posed"\, a.
Voluntarily taken on one's self; as, self-imposed tasks.
Self-imposture \Self`-im*pos"ture\, n.
Imposture practiced on one's self; self-deceit. --South.
Self-indignation \Self`-in`dig*na"tion\, n.
Indignation at one's own character or actions. --Baxter.
Self-indulgence \Self`-in*dul"gence\, n.
Indulgence of one's appetites, desires, or inclinations; --
the opposite of self-restraint, and self-denial.
Self-indulgent \Self`-in*dul"gent\, a.
Indulging one's appetites, desires, etc., freely.
Self-interest \Self`-in"ter*est\, n.
Private interest; the interest or advantage of one's self.
Self-interested \Self`-in"ter*est*ed\, a.
Particularly concerned for one's own interest or happiness.
Self-involution \Self`-in`vo*lu"tion\, n.
Involution in one's self; hence, abstraction of thought;
reverie.
Selfish \Self"ish\, a.
1. Caring supremely or unduly for one's self; regarding one's
own comfort, advantage, etc., in disregard, or at the
expense, of those of others.
They judge of things according to their own private
appetites and selfish passions. --Cudworth.
In that throng of selfish hearts untrue. --Keble.
2. (Ethics) Believing or teaching that the chief motives of
human action are derived from love of self.
Hobbes and the selfish school of philosophers.
--Fleming.
Selfishly \Self"ish*ly\, adv.
In a selfish manner; with regard to private interest only or
chiefly.
Selfishness \Self"ish*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being selfish; exclusive regard to
one's own interest or happiness; that supreme self-love or
self-preference which leads a person to direct his purposes
to the advancement of his own interest, power, or happiness,
without regarding those of others.
Selfishness,- a vice utterly at variance with the
happiness of him who harbors it, and, as such,
condemned by self-love. --Sir J.
Mackintosh.
Syn: See {Self-love}.
Selfism \Self"ism\, n.
Concentration of one's interests on one's self; self-love;
selfishness. --Emerson.
Selfist \Self"ist\, n.
A selfish person. [R.] --I. Taylor.
Self-justifier \Self`-jus"ti*fi`er\, n.
One who excuses or justifies himself. --J. M. Mason.
Self-kindled \Self`-kin"dled\, a.
Kindled of itself, or without extraneous aid or power.
--Dryden.
Self-knowing \Self`-know"ing\, a.
1. Knowing one's self, or one's own character, powers, and
limitations.
2. Knowing of itself, without help from another.
Self-knowledge \Self`-knowl"edge\, n.
Knowledge of one's self, or of one's own character, powers,
limitations, etc.
Selfless \Self"less\, a.
Having no regard to self; unselfish.
Lo now, what hearts have men! they never mount As high
as woman in her selfless mood. --Tennyson.
Selflessness \Self"less*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being selfless.
Self-life \Self"-life`\, n.
Life for one's self; living solely or chiefly for one's own
pleasure or good.
Self-love \Self`-love`\, n.
The love of one's self; desire of personal happiness;
tendency to seek one's own benefit or advantage. --Shak.
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul. --Pope.
Syn: Selfishness.
Usage: {Self-love}, {Selfishness}. The term self-love is used
in a twofold sense: 1. It denotes that longing for
good or for well-being which actuates the breasts of
all, entering into and characterizing every special
desire. In this sense it has no moral quality, being,
from the nature of the case, neither good nor evil. 2.
It is applied to a voluntary regard for the
gratification of special desires. In this sense it is
morally good or bad according as these desires are
conformed to duty or opposed to it. Selfishness is
always voluntary and always wrong, being that regard
to our own interests, gratification, etc., which is
sought or indulged at the expense, and to the injury,
of others. ``So long as self-love does not degenerate
into selfishness, it is quite compatible with true
benevolence.'' --Fleming. ``Not only is the phrase
self-love used as synonymous with the desire of
happiness, but it is often confounded with the word
selfishness, which certainly, in strict propriety,
denotes a very different disposition of mind.''
--Slewart.
Self-luminous \Self`-lu"mi*nous\, a.
Possessing in itself the property of emitting light. --Sir D.
Brewster.
Self-made \Self"-made`\, a.
Made by one's self.
{Self-made man}, a man who has risen from poverty or
obscurity by means of his own talentss or energies.
Self-mettle \Self"-met`tle\, n.
Inborn mettle or courage; one's own temper. [Obs.] --Shak.
Self-motion \Self`-mo"tion\, n.
Motion given by inherent power, without external impulse;
spontaneus or voluntary motion.
Matter is not induced with self-motion. --Cheyne.
Self-moved \Self`-moved"\, a.
Moved by inherent power., without the aid of external
impulse.
Self-moving \Self`-mov"ing\, a.
Moving by inherent power, without the aid of external
impulse.
Self-murder \Self`-mur"der\, a.
Suicide.
Self-murderer \Self`-mur"der*er\, n.
A suicide.
Self-neglecting \Self`-neg*lect"ing\, n.
A neglecting of one's self, or of one's own interests.
Self-love, my liege, is not so vile a sin As
self-neglecting. --Shak.
Selfness \Self"ness\, n.
Selfishness. [Obs.] --Sir. P. Sidney.
Self-one \Self`-one"\, a.
Secret. [Obs.] --Marston.
Self-opinion \Self`-o*pin"ion\, n.
Opinion, especially high opinion, of one's self; an
overweening estimate of one's self or of one's own opinion.
--Collier.
Self-opinioned \Self`-o*pin"ioned\, a.
Having a high opinion of one's self; opinionated; conceited.
--South.
Self-opininating \Self`-o*pin"i*na`ting\, a.
Beginning wwith, or springing from, one's self.
Self-partiality \Self`-par`ti*al"i*ty\, n.
That partiality to himself by which a man overrates his own
worth when compared with others. --Kames.
Self-perplexed \Self`-per*plexed"\, a.
Perplexed by doubts originating in one's own mind.
Self-posited \Self`-pos"it*ed\, a.
Disposed or arranged by an action originating in one's self
or in itself.
These molecular blocks of salt are self-posited.
--Tyndall.
Self-positing \Self`-pos"it*ing\, a.
The act of disposing or arranging one's self or itself.
The self-positing of the molecules. --R. Watts.
Self-possessed \Self"-pos*sessed"\, a.
Composed or tranquill in mind, manner, etc.; undisturbed.
Self-possession \Self`-pos*ses"sion\, n.
The possession of one's powers; calmness; self-command;
presence of mind; composure.
Self-praise \Self"-praise`\, n.
Praise of one's self.
Self-preservation \Self`-pres`er*va"tion\, n.
The preservation of one's self from destruction or injury.
Self-propagating \Self`-prop"a*ga`ting\, a.
Propagating by one's self or by itself.
Self-registering \Self`-reg"is*ter*ing\, a.
Registering itself; -- said of any instrument so contrived as
to record its own indications of phenomena, whether
continuously or at stated times, as at the maxima and minima
of variations; as, a self-registering anemometer or
barometer.
Self-regulated \Self`-reg"u*la`ted\, a.
Regulated by one's self or by itself.
Self-regulative \Self`-reg"u*la*tive\, a.
Tending or serving to regulate one's self or itself.
--Whewell.
Self-reliance \Self`-re*li"ance\, n.
Reliance on one's own powers or judgment; self-trust.
Self-reliant \Self`-re*li"ant\, a.
Reliant upon one's self; trusting to one's own powers or
judgment.
Self-renunciation \Self`-re*nun`ci*a"tion\, n.
The act of renouncing, or setting aside, one's own wishes,
claims, etc.; self-sacrifice.
Self-repellency \Self`-re*pel"len*cy\, n.
The quality or state of being self-repelling.
Self-repelling \Self`-re*pel"ling\, a.
Made up of parts, as molecules or atoms, which mutually repel
each other; as, gases are self-repelling.
Self-repetition \Self`-rep`e*ti"tion\, n.
Repetition of one's self or of one's acts; the saying or
doing what one has already said or done.
Self-reproach \Self`-re*proach"\, n.
The act of reproaching one's self; censure by one's own
conscience.
Self-reproached \Self`-re*proached"\, a.
Reproached by one's own conscience or judgment.
Self-reproaching \Self`-re*proach"ing\, a.
Reproaching one's self. -- {Self`-re*proach"ing*ly}, adv.
Self-reproof \Self`-re*proof"\, n.
The act of reproving one's self; censure of one's conduct by
one's own judgment.
Self-reproved \Self`-re*proved"\, a.
Reproved by one's own conscience or one's own sense of guilt.
Self-reproving \Self`-re*prov"ing\, a.
Reproving one's self; reproving by consciousness of guilt.
Self-reprovingly \Self`-re*prov"ing*ly\, adv.
In a self-reproving way.
Self-repugnant \Self`-re*pug"nant\, a.
Self-contradictory; inconsistent. --Brougham.
Self-repulsive \Self`-re*pul"sive\, a.
Self-repelling.
Self-respect \Self`-re*spect"\, n.
Respect for one's self; regard for one's character; laudable
self-esteem.
Self-restrained \Self`-re*strained"\, a.
Restrained by one's self or itself; restrained by one's own
power or will.
Self-restraint \Self`-re*straint"\, n.
Restraint over one's self; self-control; self-command.
Self-reverence \Self`-rev"er*ence\, n.
A reverent respect for one's self. --Tennyson.
Self-righteous \Self`-right"eous\, a.
Righteous in one's own esteem; pharisaic.
Self-righteousness \Self`-right"eous*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being self-righteous; pharisaism.
Self-sacrifice \Self`-sac"ri*fice\, n.
The act of sacrificing one's self, or one's interest, for
others; self-devotion.
Self-sacrificing \Self`-sac"ri*fi`cing\, a.
Yielding up one's own interest, ffeelings, etc; sacrificing
one's self.
Selfsame \Self"same\, a. [Self, a. + same.]
Precisely the same; the very same; identical.
His servant was healed in the selfsame hour. --Matt.
viii. 13.
Self-satisfaction \Self`-sat`is*fac"tion\, n.
The quality or state of being self-satisfied.
Self-satisfied \Self`-sat"is*fied\, a.
Satisfied with one's self or one's actions; self-complacent.
Self-satisfying \Self`-sat"is*fy`ing\, a.
Giving satisfaction to one's self.
Self-seeker \Self"-seek`er\, n.
One who seeks only his own interest, advantage, or pleasure.
Self-seeking \Self"-seek`ing\, a.
Seeking one's own interest or happiness; selfish.
--Arbuthnot.
Self-seeking \Self"-seek`ing\, n.
The act or habit of seeking one's own interest or happiness;
selfishness.
Self-slaughter \Self`-slaugh"ter\, n.
Suicide. --Shak.
Self-sufficiency \Self`-suf*fi"cien*cy\, n.
The quality or state of being self-sufficient.
Self-sufficient \Self`-suf*fi"cient\, a.
1. Sufficient for one's self without external aid or
co["o]peration.
Neglect of friends can never be proved rational till
we prove the person using it omnipotent and
self-sufficient, and such as can never need any
mortal assistance. --South.
2. Having an overweening confidence in one's own abilities or
worth; hence, haughty; overbearing. ``A rash and
self-sufficient manner.'' --I. Watts.
Self-sufficing \Self`-suf*fi"cing\, a.
Sufficing for one's self or for itself, without needing
external aid; self-sufficient. -- {Self`-suf*fi"cing*ness},
n. --J. C. Shairp.
Self-suspended \Self`-sus*pend"ed\, a.
Suspended by one's self or by itself; balanced. --Southey.
Self-suspicious \Self`-sus*pi"cious\, a.
Suspicious or distrustful of one's self. --Baxter.
Self-taught \Self"-taught`\, a.
Taught by one's own efforts.
Self-tormentor \Self`-tor*ment"or\, n.
One who torments himself.
Self-torture \Self`-tor"ture\, n.
The act of inflicting pain on one's self; pain inflicted on
one's self.
Self-trust \Self"-trust`\, n.
Faith in one's self; self-reliance.
Self-uned \Self`-uned"\, a. [E. self + L. unus one.]
One with itself; separate from others. [Obs.] --Sylvester.
Self-view \Self"-view`\, n.
A view if one's self; specifically, carefulness or regard for
one's own interests
Self-will \Self`-will"\, n. [AS. selfwill.]
One's own will, esp. when opposed to that of others;
obstinacy.
Self-willed \Self`-willed"\, a.
Governed by one's own will; not yielding to the wishes of
others; obstinate.
Self-willedness \Self`-willed"ness\, n.
Obstinacy. --Sir W. Scott.
Self-worship \Self"-wor`ship\, n.
The idolizing of one's self; immoderate self-conceit.
Self-wrong \Self"-wrong`\, n.
Wrong done by a person himself. --Shak.
Selion \Sel"ion\, n. [OF. seillon a measure of land, F. sillon a
ridge, furrow, LL. selio a measure of land.]
A short piece of land in arable ridges and furrows, of
uncertain quantity; also, a ridge of land lying between two
furrows. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Seljukian \Sel*juk"i*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Seljuk, a Tartar chief who embraced
Mohammedanism, and began the subjection of Western Asia to
that faith and rule; of or pertaining to the dynasty founded
by him, or the empire maintained by his descendants from the
10th to the 13th century. --J. H. Newman.
Seljuckian \Sel*juck"i*an\, n.
A member of the family of Seljuk; an adherent of that family,
or subject of its government; (pl.) the dynasty of Turkish
sultans sprung from Seljuk.
Sell \Sell\, n.
Self. [Obs. or Scot.] --B. Jonson.
Sell \Sell\, n.
A sill. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sell \Sell\, n.
A cell; a house. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sell \Sell\, n. [F. selle, L. sella, akin to sedere to sit. See
{Sit}.]
1. A saddle for a horse. [Obs.]
He left his lofty steed with golden self. --Spenser.
2. A throne or lofty seat. [Obs.] --Fairfax.
Sell \Sell\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sold}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Selling}.] [OE. sellen, sillen, AS. sellan, syllan, to give,
to deliver; akin to OS. sellian, OFries. sella, OHG. sellen,
Icel. selja to hand over, to sell, Sw. s["a]lja to sell, Dan.
s?lge, Goth. saljan to offer a sacrifice; all from a noun
akin to E. sale. Cf. {Sale}.]
1. To transfer to another for an equivalent; to give up for a
valuable consideration; to dispose of in return for
something, especially for money.
If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast,
and give to the poor. --Matt. xix.
21.
I am changed; I'll go sell all my land. --Shak.
Note: Sell is corellative to buy, as one party buys what the
other sells. It is distinguished usually from exchange
or barter, in which one commodity is given for another;
whereas in selling the consideration is usually money,
or its representative in current notes.
2. To make a matter of bargain and sale of; to accept a price
or reward for, as for a breach of duty, trust, or the
like; to betray.
You would have sold your king to slaughter. --Shak.
3. To impose upon; to trick; to deceive; to make a fool of;
to cheat. [Slang] --Dickens.
{To sell one's life dearly}, to cause much loss to those who
take one's life, as by killing a number of one's
assailants.
{To sell} (anything) {out}, to dispose of it wholly or
entirely; as, he had sold out his corn, or his interest in
a business.
Sell \Sell\, v. i.
1. To practice selling commodities.
I will buy with you, sell with you; . . . but I will
not eat with you. --Shak.
2. To be sold; as, corn sells at a good price.
{To sell out}, to sell one's whole stockk in trade or one's
entire interest in a property or a business.
Sell \Sell\, n.
An imposition; a cheat; a hoax. [Colloq.]
Sellanders \Sel"lan*ders\, Sellenders \Sel"len*ders\, n. pl.
(Far.)
See {Sallenders}.
Seller \Sell"er\, n.
One who sells. --Chaucer.
Selters water \Sel"ters wa"ter\
A mineral water from Sellers, in the district of Nassan,
Germany, containing much free carbonic acid.
Seltzer water \Selt"zer wa"ter\
See {Selters water}.
Seltzo-gene \Selt"zo-gene\, n. [Seltzer water + the root of Gr.
??? to be born.]
A gazogene.
Selvage \Sel"vage\, Selvedge \Sel"vedge\, n. [Self + edge, i.
e., its own proper edge; cf. OD. selfegge.]
1. The edge of cloth which is woven in such a manner as to
prevent raveling.
2. The edge plate of a lock, through which the bolt passes.
--Knight.
3. (Mining.) A layer of clay or decomposed rock along the
wall of a vein. See {Gouge}, n., 4. --Raymond.
Selvaged \Sel"vaged\, Selvedged \Sel"vedged\, a.
Having a selvage.
Selvagee \Sel`va*gee"\, n. (Naut.)
A skein or hank of rope yarns wound round with yarns or
marline, -- used for stoppers, straps, etc.
Selve \Selve\, a.
Self; same. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Selves \Selves\, n.,
pl. of {Self}.
Sely \Se"ly\, a.
Silly. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Wyclif.
Semaeostomata \Se*m[ae]`o*stom"a*ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ????
a military standard + ???, ???, mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Discophora having large free mouth lobes. It
includes {Aurelia}, and {Pelagia}. Called also {Semeostoma}.
See Illustr. under {Discophora}, and {Medusa}.
Semaphore \Sem"a*phore\, n. [Gr. sh^ma a sign + fe`rein to bear:
cf. F. s['e]maphore.]
A signal telegraph; an apparatus for giving signals by the
disposition of lanterns, flags, oscillating arms, etc.
Semaphoric \Sem`a*phor"ic\, Semaphorical \Sem`a*phor"ic*al\a.
[Cf. F. s['e]maphorique.]
Of or pertaining to a semaphore, or semaphores; telegraphic.
Semaphorically \Sem`a*phor"ic*al*ly\, adv.
By means of a semaphore.
Semaphorist \Se*maph"o*rist\, n.
One who manages or operates a semaphore.
Sematology \Sem`a*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. sh^ma, sh`matos, sign +
-logy.]
The doctrine of signs as the expression of thought or
reasoning; the science of indicating thought by signs.
--Smart.
Sematrope \Sem"a*trope\, n. [Gr. sh^ma sign + tre`pein to turn.
]
An instrument for signaling by reflecting the rays of the sun
in different directions. --Knight.
Semblable \Sem"bla*ble\, a. [F., from sembler to seem, resemble,
L. similare, simulare. See {Simulate}.]
Like; similar; resembling. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Semblable \Sem"bla*ble\, n.
Likeness; representation. [Obs.]
Semblably \Sem"bla*bly\, adv.
In like manner. [Obs.] --Shak.
Semblance \Sem"blance\, n. [F. See {Semblable}, a.]
1. Seeming; appearance; show; figure; form.
Thier semblance kind, and mild their gestures were.
--Fairfax.
2. Likeness; resemblance, actual or apparent; similitude; as,
the semblance of worth; semblance of virtue.
Only semblances or imitations of shells. --Woodward.
Semblant \Sem"blant\, a. [F. semblant, p. pr.]
1. Like; resembling. [Obs.] --Prior.
2. Seeming, rather than real; apparent. [R.] --Carlyle.
Semblant \Sem"blant\, n. [F.]
1. Show; appearance; figure; semblance. [Obs.] --Spenser.
His flatterers made semblant of weeping. --Chaucer.
2. The face. [Obs.] --Wyclif (Luke xxiv. 5).
Semblative \Sem"bla*tive\, a.
Resembling. [Obs.]
And all is semblative a woman's part. --Shak.
Semble \Sem"ble\, v. i. [F. sembler. See {Semblable}, a.]
1. To imitate; to make a representation or likeness. [Obs.]
Where sembling art may carve the fair effect.
--Prior.
2. (Law) It seems; -- chiefly used impersonally in reports
and judgments to express an opinion in reference to the
law on some point not necessary to be decided, and not
intended to be definitely settled in the cause.
Semble \Sem"ble\, a.
Like; resembling. [Obs.] --T. Hudson.
Sembling \Sem"bling\, n. [Cf. {Assemble}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The practice of attracting the males of Lepidoptera or other
insects by exposing the female confined in a cage.
Note: It is often adopted by collectors in order to procure
specimens of rare species.
Sem'e \Se*m['e]"\, a. [F. sem['e], fr. semer to sow.] (Her.)
Sprinkled or sown; -- said of field, or a charge, when
strewed or covered with small charges.
Semeiography \Se`mei*og"ra*phy\, or Semiography
\Se`mi*og"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. shmei^on sign + -graphy.] (Med.)
A description of the signs of disease.
Semeiological \Se`mei*o*log"ic*al\, or Semiologioal
\Se`mi*o*log"io*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the science of signs, or the systematic
use of signs; as, a semeiological classification of the signs
or symptoms of disease; a semeiological arrangement of signs
used as signals.
Semeiology \Se`mei*ol"o*gy\, or Semiology \Se`mi*ol"o*gy\, n.
[Gr. shmei^on a mark, a sign + -logy.]
The science or art of signs. Specifically:
(a) (Med.) The science of the signs or symptoms of disease;
symptomatology.
(b) The art of using signs in signaling.
Semeiotic \Se`mei*ot"ic\, or Semiotic \Se`mi*ot"ic\, a. [Gr.
????, fr. shmei^on a mark, a sign.]
1. Relating to signs or indications; pertaining to the
language of signs, or to language generally as indicating
thought.
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the signs or symptoms of
diseases.
Semeiotics \Se`mei*ot"ics\, or Semiotics \Se`mi*ot"ics\, n.
Semeiology.
Semele \Sem"e*le\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???.] (Gr. Myth.)
A daughter of Cadmus, and by Zeus mother of Bacchus.
Semen \Se"men\, n.; pl. {Semina}. [L., from the root of serere,
satum, to sow. See {Sow} to scatter seed.]
1. (Bot.) The seed of plants.
2. (Physiol.) The seed or fecundating fluid of male animals;
sperm. It is a white or whitish viscid fluid secreted by
the testes, characterized by the presence of spermatozoids
to which it owes its generative power.
{Semen contra}, or {Semen cin[ae] or cyn[ae]}, a strong
aromatic, bitter drug, imported from Aleppo and Barbary,
said to consist of the leaves, peduncles, and unexpanded
flowers of various species of {Artemisia}; wormseed.
Semeniferous \Sem`e*nif"er*ous\, a. (Biol.)
Seminiferous.
Semester \Se*mes"ter\, n. [G., from L. semestris half-yearly;
sex six + mensis a month.]
A period of six months; especially, a term in a college or
uneversity which divides the year into two terms.
Semi- \Sem"i-\ [L. semi; akin to Gr. ???, Skr. s[=a]mi-, AS.
s[=a]m-, and prob. to E. same, from the division into two
parts of the same size. Cf. {Hemi-}, {Sandelend}.]
A prefix signifying half, and sometimes partly or
imperfectly; as, semiannual, half yearly; semitransparent,
imperfectly transparent.
Note: The prefix semi is joined to another word either with
the hyphen or without it. In this book the hyphen is
omitted except before a capital letter; as, semiacid,
semiaquatic, semi-Arian, semiaxis, semicalcareous.
Semiacid \Sem`i*ac"id\, a.
Slightly acid; subacid.
Semiacidified \Sem`i*a*cid"i*fied\, a.
Half acidified.
Semiadherent \Sem`i*ad*her"ent\, a.
Adherent part way.
Semiamplexicaul \Sem`i*am*plex"i*caul\, a. (Bot.)
Partially amplexicaul; embracing the stem half round, as a
leaf.
Semiangle \Sem"i*an`gle\, n. (Geom.)
The half of a given, or measuring, angle.
Semiiannual \Semi`i*an"nu*al\, a.
Half-yearly.
Semiannually \Sem`i*an"nu*al*ly\, adv.
Every half year.
Semiannular \Sem`i*an"nu*lar\, a.
Having the figure of a half circle; forming a semicircle.
--Grew.
Semi-Arian \Sem`i-A"ri*an\, n. [See {Arian}.] (Eccl. Hist.)
A member of a branch of the Arians which did not acknowledge
the Son to be consubstantial with the Father, that is, of the
same substance, but admitted him to be of a like substance
with the Father, not by nature, but by a peculiar privilege.
Semi-Arian \Sem"i-A"ri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Semi-Arianism.
Semi-Arianism \Sem`i-A"ri*an*ism\, n.
The doctrines or tenets of the Semi-Arians.
Semiaxis \Sem`i*ax"is\, n. (Geom.)
One half of the axis of an ?llipse or other figure.
Semibarbarian \Sem`i*bar*ba"ri*an\, a.
Half barbarous; partially civilized. -- n. One partly
civilized.
Semibarbaric \Sem`i*bar*bar"ic\, a.
Half barbarous or uncivilized; as, semibarbaric display.
Semibarbarism \Sem`i*bar"ba*rism\, n.
The quality or state of being half barbarous or uncivilized.
Semibarbarous \Sem`i*bar"ba*rous\, a.
Half barbarous.
Semibreve \Sem"i*breve`\, n. [Pref. semi- + breve: cf. F.
semi-breve, It. semibreve.] [Formerly written {semibref}.]
(Mus.)
A note of half the time or duration of the breve; -- now
usually called a whole note. It is the longest note in
general use.
Semibrief \Sem"i*brief`\, n. (Mus.)
A semibreve. [R.]
Semibull \Sem"i*bull`\, n. (R.C.Ch.)
A bull issued by a pope in the period between his election
and coronation.
Semicalcareous \Sem`i*cal*ca"re*ous\, a.
Half or partially calcareous; as, a semicalcareous plant.
Semicalcined \Sem`i*cal*cined"\, a.
Half calcined; as, semicalcined iron.
Semicastrate \Sem`i*cas"trate\, v. t.
To deprive of one testicle. -- {Sem`i*cas*tra"tion},n.
Semicentennial \Sem`i*cen*ten"ni*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to half of a century, or a period of fifty
years; as, a semicentennial commemoration.
Semicentennial \Sem`i*cen*ten"ni*al\, n.
A fiftieth anniversary.
Semichaotic \Sem`i*cha*ot"ic\, a.
Partially chaotic.
Semichorus \Sem"i*cho`rus\, n. (Mus.)
A half chorus; a passage to be sung by a selected portion of
the voices, as the female voices only, in contrast with the
full choir.
Semi-Christianized \Sem`i-Chris"tian*ized\, a.
Half Christianized.
Semicircle \Sem"i*cir`cle\, n.
1.
(a) The half of a circle; the part of a circle bounded by
its diameter and half of its circumference.
(b) A semicircumference.
2. A body in the form of half of a circle, or half of a
circumference.
3. An instrument for measuring angles.
Semicircled \Sem"i*cir`cled\, a.
Semicircular. --Shak.
Semicircular \Sem`i*cir"cu*lar\, a.
Having the form of half of a circle. --Addison.
{Semicircular canals} (Anat.), certain canals of the inner
ear. See under {Ear}.
Semi circumference \Sem`i cir*cum"fer*ence\, n.
Half of a circumference.
Semicirque \Sem"i*cirque\, n.
A semicircular hollow or opening among trees or hills.
--Wordsworth.
Semicolon \Sem"i*co`lon\, n.
The punctuation mark [;] indicating a separation between
parts or members of a sentence more distinct than that marked
by a comma.
Semicolumn \Sem"i*col`umn\, n.
A half column; a column bisected longitudinally, or along its
axis.
Semicolumnar \Sem`i*co*lum"nar\, a.
Like a semicolumn; flat on one side and round on the other;
imperfectly columnar.
Semicompact \Sem`i*com*pact"\, a.
Half compact; imperfectly indurated.
Semiconscious \Sem`i*con"scious\, a.
Half conscious; imperfectly conscious. --De Quincey.
Semicope \Sem"i*cope`\, n.
A short cope, or an inferier kind of cope. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Semi crustaceous \Sem`i crus*ta"ceous\, a.
Half crustaceous; partially crustaceous.
Semicrystalline \Sem`i*crys"tal*line\, a. (Min.)
Half crystalline; -- said of certain cruptive rocks composed
partly of crystalline, partly of amorphous matter.
Semicubical \Sem`i*cu"bic*al\, a. (Math.)
Of or pertaining to the square root of the cube of a
quantity.
{Semicubical parabola}, a curve in which the ordinates are
proportional to the square roots of the cubes of the
abscissas.
Semicubium \Sem`i*cu"bi*um\, Semicupium \Sem`i*cu"pi*um\, n.
[LL., fr. L. semi half + cupa tub, cask.]
A half bath, or one that covers only the lewer extremities
and the hips; a sitz-bath; a half bath, or hip bath.
Semicylindric \Sem`i*cy*lin"dric\, Semicylyndrical
\Sem`i*cy*lyn"dric*al\a.
Half cylindrical.
Semideistical \Sem`i*de*is"tic*al\, a.
Half deisticsl; bordering on deism. --S. Miller.
Semidemiquaver \Sem`i*dem"i*qua`ver\, n. (Mus.)
A demisemiquaver; a thirty-second note.
Semidetached \Sem`i*de*tached"\, a.
Half detached; partly distinct or separate.
{Semidetached house}, one of two tenements under a single
roof, but separated by a party wall. [Eng.]
Semidiameter \Sem`i*di*am"e*ter\, n. (Math.)
Half of a diameter; a right line, or the length of a right
line, drawn from the center of a circle, a sphere, or other
curved figure, to its circumference or periphery; a radius.
Semidiapason \Sem`i*di`a*pa"son\, n. (Mus.)
An imperfect octave.
Semidiapente \Sem`i*di`a*pen"te\, n. (Mus.)
An imperfect or diminished fifth. --Busby.
Semidiaphaneity \Sem`i*di`a*pha*ne"i*ty\, n.
Half or imperfect transparency; translucency. [R.] --Boyle.
Semidiaphanous \Sem`i*di*aph"a*nous\, a.
Half or imperfectly transparent; translucent. --Woodward.
Semidiatessaron \Sem`i*di`a*tes"sa*ron\, n. (Mus.)
An imperfect or diminished fourth. [R.]
Semiditone \Sem`i*di"tone`\, n. [Pref. semi- + ditone: cf. It.
semiditono. Cf. {Hemiditone}.] (Gr. Mus.)
A lesser third, having its terms as 6 to 5; a hemiditone.
[R.]
Semidiurnal \Sem`i*di*ur"nal\, a.
1. Pertaining to, or accomplished in, half a day, or twelve
hours; occurring twice every day.
2. Pertaining to, or traversed in, six hours, or in half the
time between the rising and setting of a heavenly body;
as, a semidiurnal arc.
Semidome \Sem"i*dome`\, n. (Arch.)
A roof or ceiling covering a semicircular room or recess, or
one of nearly that shape, as the apse of a church, a niche,
or the like. It is approximately the quarter of a hollow
sphere.
Semidouble \Sem"i*dou`ble\, n. (Eccl.)
An office or feast celebrated with less solemnity than the
double ones. See {Double}, n., 8.
Semidouble \Sem`i*dou"ble\, a. (Bot.)
Having the outermost stamens converted into petals, while the
inner ones remain perfect; -- said of a flower.
Semifable \Sem"i*fa`ble\, n.
That which is part fable and part truth; a mixture of truth
and fable. --De Quincey.
Semiflexed \Sem"i*flexed`\, a.
Half bent.
Semifloret \Sem"i*flo`ret\, n. (Bot.)
See {Semifloscule}.
Semifloscular \Sem`i*flos"cu*lar\, a.
Semiflosculous.
Semifloscule \Sem"i*flos`cule\, n. (Bot.)
A floscule, or florest, with its corolla prolonged into a
strap-shaped petal; -- called also {semifloret}.
Semiflosculous \Sem`i*flos"cu*lous\, a. (Bot.)
Having all the florets ligulate, as in the dandelion.
Semifluid \Sem`i*flu"id\, a.
Imperfectly fluid. -- n. A semifluid substance.
Semiform \Sem"i*form`\, n.
A half form; an imperfect form.
Semiformed \Sem"i*formed`\, a.
Half formed; imperfectly formed; as, semiformed crystals.
Semiglutin \Sem`i*glu"tin\, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
A peptonelike body, insoluble in alcohol, formed by boiling
collagen or gelatin for a long time in water. Hemicollin, a
like body, is also formed at the same time, and differs from
semiglutin by being partly soluble in alcohol.
Semihistorical \Sem`i*his*tor"i*cal\, a.
Half or party historical. --Sir G. C. Lewis.
Semihoral \Sem`i*ho"ral\, a.
Half-hourly.
Semiindurated \Sem`i*in"du*ra`ted\, a.
Imperfectly indurated or hardened.
Semilapidified \Sem`i*la*pid"i*fied\, a.
Imperfectly changed into stone. --Kirwan.
Semilens \Sem"i*lens`\, n. (Opt.)
The half of a lens divided along a plane passing through its
axis.
Semilenticular \Sem`i*len*tic"u*lar\, a.
Half lenticular or convex; imperfectly resembling a lens.
--Kirwan.
Semiligneous \Sem`i*lig"ne*ous\, a.
Half or partially ligneous, as a stem partly woody and partly
herbaceous.
Semiliquid \Sem`i*liq"uid\, a.
Half liquid; semifluid.
Semiliquidity \Sem`i*li*quid"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being semiliquid; partial liquidity.
Semilogical \Sem`i*log"ic*al\, a.
Half logical; partly logical; said of fallacies. --Whately.
Semilor \Sem"i*lor\, n. [Cf. G. similor, semilor.]
A yellowish alloy of copper and zinc. See {Simplor}.
Semilunar \Sem`i*lu"nar\, a.
Shaped like a half moon.
{Semilunar bone} (Anat.), a bone of the carpus; the lunar.
See {Lunar}, n.
{Semilunar}, or {Sigmoid}, {valves} (Anat.), the valves at
the beginning of the aorta and of the pulmonary artery
which prevent the blood from flowing back into the
ventricle.
Semilunar \Sem`i*lu"nar\, n. (Anat.)
The semilunar bone.
Semilunary \Sem`i*lu"na*ry\, a.
Semilunar.
Semilunate \Sem`i*lu"nate\, a.
Semilunar.
Semilune \Sem"i*lune`\, n. (Geom.)
The half of a lune.
Semimetal \Sem"i*met`al\, n. (Chem.)
An element possessing metallic properties in an inferior
degree and not malleable, as arsenic, antimony, bismuth,
molybdenum, uranium, etc. [Obs.]
Semimetallic \Sem`i*me*tal"lic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to a semimetal; possessing metallic
properties in an inferior degree; resembling metal.
Semimonthly \Sem`i*month"ly\a.
Coming or made twice in a month; as, semimonthly magazine; a
semimonthly payment. -- n. Something done or made every half
month; esp., a semimonthly periodical. -- adv. In a
semimonthly manner; at intervals of half a month.
Semiimute \Semi`i*mute"\, a.
Having the faculty of speech but imperfectly developed or
partially lost.
Semimute \Sem"i*mute`\, n.
A semimute person.
Seminal \Sem"i*nal\, a. [L. seminalis, fr. semen, seminis, seed,
akin to serere to sow: cf. F. seminal. See {Sow} to scatter
seed.]
1. Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, seed or
semen; as, the seminal fluid.
2. Contained in seed; holding the relation of seed, source,
or first principle; holding the first place in a series of
developed results or consequents; germinal; radical;
primary; original; as, seminal principles of generation;
seminal virtue.
The idea of God is, beyond all question or
comparison, the one great seminal principle. --Hare.
{Seminal leaf} (Bot.), a seed leaf, or cotyleden.
{Seminal receptacle}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Spermatheca}.
Seminal \Sem"i*nal\, n.
A seed. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Seminality \Sem`i*nal"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being seminal. --Sir T. Browne.
Seminarian \Sem`i*na"ri*an\, Seminarist \Sem"i*na*rist\, n. [Cf.
F. s['e]minariste.]
A member of, or one educated in, a seminary; specifically, an
ecclesiastic educated for the priesthood in a seminary.
Seminary \Sem"i*na*ry\, n.; pl. {Seminaries}. [L. seminarium,
fr. seminarius belonging to seed, fr. semon, seminis, seed.
See {Seminal}.]
1. A piece of ground where seed is sown for producing plants
for transplantation; a nursery; a seed plat. [Obs.]
--Mortimer.
But if you draw them [seedling] only for the
thinning of your seminary, prick them into some
empty beds. --Evelyn.
2. Hence, the place or original stock whence anything is
brought or produced. [Obs.] --Woodward.
3. A place of education, as a scool of a high grade, an
academy, college, or university.
4. Seminal state. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
5. Fig.: A seed bed; a source. [Obs.] --Harvey.
6. A Roman Catholic priest educated in a foreign seminary; a
seminarist. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Seminary \Sem"i*na*ry\, a. [L. seminarius.]
Belonging to seed; seminal. [R.]
Seminate \Sem"i*nate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Seminated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Seminating}.] [L. seminatus, p. p. of seminare to
sow, fr. semen, seminis, seed.]
To sow; to spread; to propagate. [R.] --Waterhouse.
Semination \Sem`i*na"tion\, n. [L. seminatio: cf. F.
s['e]mination.]
1. The act of sowing or spreading. [R.]
2. (Bot.) Natural dispersion of seeds. --Martyn.
Semined \Sem"ined\, a. [See {Semen}.]
Thickly covered or sown, as with seeds. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Seminiferous \Sem`i*nif"er*ous\, a. [L. semen, semenis, seed
-ferous.] (Biol.)
Seed-bearing; producing seed; pertaining to, or connected
with, the formation of semen; as, seminiferous cells or
vesicles.
Seminific \Sem`i*nif"ic\, Semnifical \Sem`*nif"ic*al\, a. [L.
semen, seminis, seed + facere to make.] (Biol.)
Forming or producing seed, or the male generative product of
animals or of plants.
Seminification \Sem`i*ni*fi*ca"tion\, n.
Propagation from seed. [R.] --Sir M. Hale.
Seminist \Sem"i*nist\, n. (Biol.)
A believer in the old theory that the newly created being is
formed by the admixture of the seed of the male with the
supposed seed of the female.
Seminoles \Sem"i*noles\, n. pl.; sing. {Seminole}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians who formerly occupied Florida, where some
of them still remain. They belonged to the Creek
Confideration.
Seminose \Sem"i*nose`\, n. [L. semen seed + glucose.] (Chem.)
A carbohydrate of the glucose group found in the thickened
endosperm of certain seeds, and extracted as yellow sirup
having a sweetish-bitter taste.
Seminude \Sem`i*nude"\, a.
Partially nude; half naked.
Seminymph \Sem"i*nymph`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The pupa of insects which undergo only a slight change in
passing to the imago state.
Semioccasionally \Sem`i*oc*ca"sion*al*ly\, adv.
Once in a while; on rare occasions. [Colloq. U. S.]
Semiofficial \Sem`i*of*fi"cial\, a.
Half official; having some official authority or importance;
as, a semiofficial statement. -- {Sem`i*of*fi"cial*ly}, adv.
Semiography \Se`mi*og"ra*phy\, Semiology \Se`mi*ol"o*gy\,
Semiological \Se`mi*o*log"ic*al\
Same as {Semeiography}, {Semeiology}, {Semeiological}.
Semiopacous \Sem`i*o*pa"cous\, a.
Semiopaque.
Semiopal \Sem"i*o`pal\, n. (Min.)
A variety of opal not possessing opalescence.
Semiopaque \Sem`i*o*paque"\, a.
Half opaque; only half transparent.
Semiorbicular \Sem`i*or*bic"u*lar\, a.
Having the shape of a half orb or sphere.
Semiotic \Se`mi*ot"ic\, a.
Same as {Semeiotic}.
Semiotics \Se`mi*ot"ics\, n.
Same as {Semeiotics}.
Semioval \Sem`i*o"val\, a.
Half oval.
Semiovate \Sem`i*o"vate\, a.
Half ovate.
Semioxygenated \Sem`i*ox"y*gen*a`ted\, a.
Combined with oxygen only in part. --Kirwan.
Semipagan \Sem`i*pa"gan\, a.
Half pagan.
Semipalmate \Sem`i*pal"mate\, Semipalmated \Sem`i*pal"ma*ted\,
a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the anterior toes joined only part way down with a
web; half-webbed; as, a semipalmate bird or foot. See Illust.
k under {Aves}.
Semiparabola \Sem`i*pa*rab"o*la\, n. (Geom.)
One branch of a parabola, being terminated at the principal
vertex of the curve.
Semiped \Sem"i*ped\, n. [L. semipes, semipedis; pref. semi- half
+ pes, pedis, a foot.] (Pros.)
A half foot in poetry.
Semipedal \Se*mip"e*dal\, a. (Pres.)
Containing a half foot.
Semi-Pelagian \Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of John Cassianus, a French monk (died about 448),
who modified the doctrines of Pelagius, by denying human
merit, and maintaining the necessity of the Spirit's
influence, while, on the other hand, he rejected the
Augustinian doctrines of election, the inability of man to do
good, and the certain perseverance of the saints.
Semi-Pelagian \Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Semi-Pelagians, or their tenets.
Semi-Pelagianism \Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an*ism\, n.
The doctrines or tenets of the Semi-Pelagians.
Semipellucid \Sem`i*pel*lu"cid\, a.
Half clear, or imperfectly transparent; as, a semipellucid
gem.
Semipellucidity \Sem`i*pel`lu*cid"i*ty\, n.
The qualiti or state of being imperfectly transparent.
Semipenniform \Sem`i*pen"ni*form\, a. (Anat.)
Half or partially penniform; as, a semipenniform muscle.
Semopermanent \Sem`o*per"ma*nent\, n.
Half or partly permanent.
Semiperspicuous \Sem`i*per*spic"u*ous\, a.
Half transparent; imperfectly clear; semipellucid.
Semiphlogisticated \Sem`i*phlo*gis"ti*ca`ted\, a. (Old Chem.)
Partially impregnated with phlogiston.
Semiplume \Sem"i*plume`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A feather which has a plumelike web, with the shaft of an
ordinary feather.
Semiprecious \Sem`i*pre"cious\, a.
Somewhat precious; as, semiprecious stones or metals.
Semiproof \Sem"i*proof`\, n.
Half proof; evidence from the testimony of a single witness.
[Obs.] --Bailey.
Semi pupa \Sem`i pu"pa\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The young of an insect in a stage between the larva and pupa.
Semiquadrate \Sem"i*quad`rate\, Semiquartile \Sem"i*quar"tile\,
n. (Astrol.)
An aspect of the planets when distant from each other the
half of a quadrant, or forty-five degrees, or one sign and a
half. --Hutton.
Semiquaver \Sem"i*qua`ver\, n. (Mus.)
A note of half the duration of the quaver; -- now usually
called a sixsteenth note.
Semiquintile \Sem"i*quin`tile\, n. (Astrol.)
An aspect of the planets when distant from each other half of
the quintile, or thirty-six degrees.
Semirecondite \Sem`i*rec"on*dite\, a. (Zool.)
Half hidden or half covered; said of the head of an insect
when half covered by the shield of the thorax.
Semiring \Sem"i*ring`\, n. (Anat.)
One of the incomplete rings of the upper part of the
bronchial tubes of most birds. The semerings form an
essential part of the syrinx, or musical organ, of singing
birds.
Semisavage \Sem`i*sav"age\, a.
Half savage.
Semisavage \Sem"i*sav`age\, n.
One who is half savage.
Semi-Saxon \Sem`i-Sax"on\, a.
Half Saxon; -- specifically applied to the language
intermediate between Saxon and English, belonging to the
period 1150-1250.
Semisextile \Sem"i*sex"tile\, n. (Astrol.)
An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each
other the twelfth part of a circle, or thirty degrees.
--Hutton.
Semisolid \Sem`i*sol"id\, a.
Partially solid.
Semisoun \Sem"i*soun\ (-s[=oo]n), n.
A half sound; a low tone. [Obs.] ``Soft he cougheth with a
semisoun.'' --Chaucer.
Semispheric \Sem`i*spher"ic\, Semispherical \Sem`i*spher"ic*al\,
a.
Having the figure of a half sphere. --Kirwan.
Semispheroidal \Sem`i*sphe*roid"al\, a.
Formed like a half spheroid.
Semisteel \Sem"i*steel`\, n.
Puddled steel. [U. S. ]
Semita \Sem"i*ta\, n.; pl. {Semit[ae]}. [L., a path.] (Zo["o]l.)
A fasciole of a spatangoid sea urchin.
Semitangent \Sem"i*tan`gent\, n. (Geom.)
The tangent of half an arc.
Semite \Sem"ite\, n.
One belonging to the Semitic race. Also used adjectively.
[Written also {Shemite}.]
Semiterete \Sem`i*te*rete"\, a. (Nat. Hist.)
Half terete.
Semitertian \Sem`i*ter"tian\, a. (Med.)
Having the characteristics of both a tertian and a quotidian
intermittent. -- n. An intermittent combining the
characteristics of a tertian and a quotidian.
Semitic \Sem*it"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to Shem or his descendants; belonging to
that division of the Caucasian race which includes the Arabs,
Jews, and related races. [Written also {Shemitic}.]
{Semitic language}, a name used to designate a group of
Asiatic and African languages, some living and some dead,
namely: Hebrew and Ph[oe]nician, Aramaic, Assyrian,
Arabic, Ethiopic (Geez and Ampharic). --Encyc. Brit.
Semitism \Sem"i*tism\, n.
A Semitic idiom; a word of Semitic origin. [Written also
{Shemitism}.]
Semitone \Sem"i*tone\, n. [Pref. semi- + tone. CF. {Hemitone}.]
(Mus.)
Half a tone; -- the name commonly applied to the smaller
intervals of the diatonic scale.
Note: There is an impropriety in the use of this word, and
half step is now preferred. See {Tone}. --J. S. Dwight.
Semitonic \Sem`i*ton"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a semitone; consisting of a semitone, or
of semitones.
Semitransept \Sem"i*tran`sept\, n. (Arch.)
The half of a transept; as, the north semitransept of a
church.
Semitranslucent \Sem`i*trans*lu"cent\, a.
Slightly clear; transmitting light in a slight degree.
Semitransparency \Sem`i*trans*par"en*cy\, n.
Imperfect or partial transparency.
Semitransparent \Sem`i*trans*par"ent\, a.
Half or imperfectly transparent.
Semiverticillate \Sem`i*ver*tic"il*late\, a.
Partially verticillate.
Semivif \Sem"i*vif\, a. [L. semivivus.]
Only half alive. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Semivitreous \Sem`i*vit"re*ous\, a.
Partially vitreous.
Semivitrification \Sem`i*vit"ri*fi*ca"tion\, n.
1. The quality or state of being semivitrified.
2. A substance imperfectly vitrified.
Semivitrified \Sem`i*vit"ri*fied\, a.
Half or imperfectly vitrified; partially converted into
glass.
Semivocal \Sem`i*vo"cal\, a. (Phon.)
Of or pertaining to a semivowel; half cocal; imperfectly
sounding.
Semivowel \Sem"i*vow`el\, n. (Phon.)
(a) A sound intermediate between a vowel and a consonant, or
partaking of the nature of both, as in the English w and
y.
(b) The sign or letter representing such a sound.
Semiweekly \Sem`i*week"ly\, a.
Coming, or made, or done, once every half week; as, a
semiweekly newspaper; a semiweekly trip. -- n. That which
comes or happens once every half week, esp. a semiweekly
periodical. -- adv. At intervals of half a week each.
Semolella \Sem`o*lel"la\, n. [It.]
See {Semolina}.
Semolina \Sem`o*li"na\, n. [It. semolino, from semola bran, L.
simila the finest wheat flour. Cf. {Semoule}, {Simnel}.]
The fine, hard parts of wheat, rounded by the attrition of
the millstones, -- used in cookery.
Semolino \Sem`o*li"no\, n. [It.]
Same as {Semolina}.
Semoule \Se*moule"\, n. [F.]
Same as {Semolina}.
Sempervirent \Sem`per*vi"rent\, a. [L. semper always + virens,
p. pr. of virere to be green.]
Always fresh; evergreen. [R.] --Smart.
Sempervive \Sem"per*vive\, n. [L. semperviva, sempervivum, fr.
sempervivus ever-living; semper always + vivus living.]
(Bot.)
The houseleek.
Sempervivum \Sem`per*vi"vum\, n. (Bot.)
A genus of fleshy-leaved plants, of which the houseleek
({Sempervivum tectorum}) is the commonest species.
Sempiternal \Sem`pi*ter"nal\, a. [L. sempiternus, fr. semper
always: cf. F. sempiternel.]
1. Of neverending duration; everlasting; endless; having
beginning, but no end. --Sir M. Hale.
2. Without beginning or end; eternal. --Blackmore.
Sempiterne \Sem"pi*terne\, a.
Sempiternal. [Obs.]
Sempiternity \Sem`pi*ter"ni*ty\, n. [L. sempiternitas.]
Future duration without end; the relation or state of being
sempiternal. --Sir M. Hale.
Sempre \Sem"pre\, adv. [It., fr. L. semper.] (Mus.)
Always; throughout; as, sempre piano, always soft.
Sempster \Semp"ster\, n.
A seamster. [Obs.]
Sempstress \Semp"stress\, n.
A seamstress.
Two hundred sepstress were employed to make me shirts.
--Swift.
Sempstressy \Semp"stress*y\, n.
Seamstressy.
Semster \Sem"ster\, n.
A seamster. [Obs.]
Semuncia \Se*mun"ci*a\, n. [L., fr. semi half + uncia ounce.]
(Rom. Antiq.)
A Roman coin equivalent to one twenty-fourth part of a Roman
pound.
Sen \Sen\, n.
A Japanese coin, worth about one half of a cent.
Sen \Sen\, adv., prep., & conj. [See {Since}.]
Since. [Obs.]
Senary \Sen"a*ry\, a. [L. senarius, fr. seni six each, fr. sex
six. See {Six}.]
Of six; belonging to six; containing six. --Dr. H. More.
Senate \Sen"ate\, n. [OE. senat, F. s['e]nat, fr. L. senatus,
fr. senex, gen. senis, old, an old man. See {Senior}, {Sir}.]
1. An assembly or council having the highest deliberative and
legislative functions. Specifically:
(a) (Anc. Rom.) A body of elders appointed or elected from
among the nobles of the nation, and having supreme
legislative authority.
The senate was thus the medium through which all
affairs of the whole government had to pass.
--Dr. W.
Smith.
(b) The upper and less numerous branch of a legislature in
various countries, as in France, in the United States,
in most of the separate States of the United States,
and in some Swiss cantons.
(c) In general, a legislative body; a state council; the
legislative department of government.
2. The governing body of the Universities of Cambridge and
London. [Eng.]
3. In some American colleges, a council of elected students,
presided over by the president of the college, to which
are referred cases of discipline and matters of general
concern affecting the students. [U. S.]
{Senate chamber}, a room where a senate meets when it
transacts business.
{Senate house}, a house where a senate meets when it
transacts business.
Senator \Sen"a*tor\, n. [OE. senatour, OF. senatour, F.
s['e]nateur, fr. L. senator.]
1. A member of a senate.
The duke and senators of Venice greet you. --Shak.
Note: In the United States, each State sends two senators for
a term of six years to the national Congress.
2. (O.Eng.Law) A member of the king's council; a king's
councilor. --Burrill.
Senatorial \Sen`a*to"ri*al\, a. [F. s['e]natorial, or L.
senatorius.]
1. Of or pertaining to a senator, or a senate; becoming to a
senator, or a senate; as, senatorial duties; senatorial
dignity.
2. Entitled to elect a senator, or by senators; as, the
senatorial districts of a State. [U. S.]
Senatorially \Sen`a*to"ri*al*ly\, adv.
In a senatorial manner.
Senatorian \Sen`a*to"ri*an\, a.
Senatorial. [R.] --De Quincey.
Senatorious \Sen`a*to"ri*ous\, a.
Senatorial. [Obs.]
Senatorship \Sen"a*tor*ship\, n.
The office or dignity of a senator. --Carew.
Senatusconsult \Se*na`tus*con*sult"\, n. [L. senatus consultum.]
A decree of the Roman senate.
Send \Send\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sent}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sending}.] [AS. sendan; akin to OS. sendian, D. zenden, G.
senden, OHG. senten, Icel. senda, Sw. s["a]nda, Dan. sende,
Goth. sandjan, and to Goth. sinp a time (properly, a going),
gasinpa companion, OHG. sind journey, AS. s[=i]?, Icel. sinni
a walk, journey, a time. W. hynt a way, journey, OIr. s?t.
Cf. {Sense}.]
1. To cause to go in any manner; to dispatch; to commission
or direct to go; as, to send a messenger.
I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran. --Jer.
xxiii. 21.
I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I
of myself, but he sent me. --John viii.
42.
Servants, sent on messages, stay out somewhat longer
than the message requires. --Swift.
2. To give motion to; to cause to be borne or carried; to
procure the going, transmission, or delivery of; as, to
send a message.
He . . . sent letters by posts on horseback.
--Esther viii.
10.
O send out thy light an thy truth; let them lead me.
--Ps. xliii.
3.
3. To emit; to impel; to cast; to throw; to hurl; as, to send
a ball, an arrow, or the like.
4. To cause to be or to happen; to bestow; to inflict; to
grant; -- sometimes followed by a dependent proposition.
``God send him well!'' --Shak.
The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and
rebuke. --Deut.
xxviii. 20.
And sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.
--Matt. v. 45.
God send your mission may bring back peace. --Sir W.
Scott.
Send \Send\, v. i.
1. To dispatch an agent or messenger to convey a message, or
to do an errand.
See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take
away my head? --2 Kings vi.
32.
2. (Naut.) To pitch; as, the ship sends forward so violently
as to endanger her masts. --Totten.
{To send for}, to request or require by message to come or be
brought.
Send \Send\, n. (Naut.)
The impulse of a wave by which a vessel is carried bodily.
[Written also {scend}.] --W. C. Russell. ``The send of the
sea''. --Longfellow.
Sendal \Sen"dal\, n. [OF. cendal (cf. Pr. & Sp. cendal, It.
zendale), LL. cendallum, Gr. ??? a fine Indian cloth.]
A light thin stuff of silk. [Written also {cendal}, and
{sendal}.] --Chaucer.
Wore she not a veil of twisted sendal embroidered with
silver? --Sir W. Scott.
Sender \Send"er\, n.
One who sends. --Shak.
Senecas \Sen"e*cas\, n. pl.; sing. {Seneca}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Western
New York. This tribe was the most numerous and most warlike
of the Five Nations.
{Seneca grass}(Bot.), holy grass. See under {Holy}.
{Seneca eil}, petroleum or naphtha.
{Seneca root}, or {Seneca snakeroot} (Bot.), the rootstock of
an American species of milkworth ({Polygala Senega})
having an aromatic but bitter taste. It is often used
medicinally as an expectorant and diuretic, and, in large
doses, as an emetic and cathartic. [Written also {Senega
root}, and {Seneka root}.]
Senecio \Se*ne"ci*o\, n. [L., groundsel, lit., an old man. So
called in allusion to the hoary appearance of the pappus.]
(Bot.)
A very large genus of composite plants including the
groundsel and the golden ragwort.
Senectitude \Se*nec"ti*tude\, n. [L. senectus aged, old age,
senex old.]
Old age. [R.] ``Senectitude, weary of its toils.'' --H.
Miller.
Senega \Sen"e*ga\, n. (Med.)
Seneca root.
Senegal \Sen"e*gal\, n.
Gum senegal. See under {Gum}.
Senegin \Sen"e*gin\, n. (Med. Chem.)
A substance extracted from the rootstock of the {Polygala
Senega} (Seneca root), and probably identical with polygalic
acid.
Senescence \Se*nes"cence\, n. [See {Senescent}.]
The state of growing old; decay by time.
Senescent \Se*nes"cent\, a. [L. senescent, p. pr. of senescere
to grow old, incho. fr. senere to be old.]
Growing old; decaying with the lapse of time. ``The night was
senescent.'' --Poe. ``With too senescent air.'' --Lowell.
Seneschal \Sen"es*chal\, n. [OF. seneschal, LL. seniscalcus, of
Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. sineigs old, skalks, OHG. scalch,
AS. scealc. Cf. {Senior}, {Marshal}.]
An officer in the houses of princes and dignitaries, in the
Middle Ages, who had the superintendence of feasts and
domestic ceremonies; a steward. Sometimes the seneschal had
the dispensing of justice, and was given high military
commands.
Then marshaled feast Served up in hall with sewers and
seneschale. --Milton.
Philip Augustus, by a famous ordinance in 1190, first
established royal courts of justice, held by the
officers called baitiffs, or seneschals, who acted as
the king's lieutenants in his demains. --Hallam.
Seneschalship \Sen"es*chal*ship\, n.
The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a seneschal.
Senge \Senge\, v. t.
To singe. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sengreen \Sen"green\, n.[AS. singr?ne, properly, evergreen, fr.
sin (in composition) always + gr["e]ne green; akin to OHG.
sin- ever, L. semper.] (Bot.)
The houseleek.
Senile \Se"nile\, a. [L. senilis, from senex, gen. senis, old,
an old man: cf. F. s['e]nile. See {Senior}.]
Of or pertaining to old age; proceeding from, or
characteristic of, old age; affected with the infirmities of
old age; as, senile weakness. ``Senile maturity of
judgment.'' --Boyle.
{Senile gangrene} (Med.), a form of gangrene occuring
particularly in old people, and caused usually by
insufficient blood supply due to degeneration of the walls
of the smaller arteries.
Senility \Se*nil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. s['e]nilit['e].]
The quality or state of being senile; old age.
Senior \Sen"ior\, a. [L. senior, compar. of senex, gen. senis,
old. See {Sir}.]
1. More advanced than another in age; prior in age; elder;
hence, more advanced in dignity, rank, or office;
superior; as, senior member; senior counsel.
2. Belonging to the final year of the regular course in
American colleges, or in professional schools.
Senior \Sen"ior\, n.
1. A person who is older than another; one more advanced in
life.
2. One older in office, or whose entrance upon office was
anterior to that of another; one prior in grade.
3. An aged person; an older. --Dryden.
Each village senior paused to scan, And speak the
lovely caravan. --Emerson.
4. One in the fourth or final year of his collegiate course
at an American college; -- originally called {senior
sophister}; also, one in the last year of the course at a
professional schools or at a seminary.
Seniority \Sen*ior"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being senior.
Seniorize \Sen"ior*ize\, v. i.
To exercise authority; to rule; to lord it. [R.] --Fairfax.
Seniory \Sen"ior*y\, n.
Seniority. [Obs.] --Shak.
Senna \Sen"na\, n. [Cf. It. & Sp. sena, Pg. sene, F. s['e]n['e];
all fr. Ar. san[=a].]
1. (Med.) The leaves of several leguminous plants of the
genus Cassia. ({C. acutifolia}, {C. angustifolia}, etc.).
They constitute a valuable but nauseous cathartic
medicine.
2. (Bot.) The plants themselves, native to the East, but now
cultivated largely in the south of Europe and in the West
Indies.
{Bladder senna}. (Bot.) See under {Bladder}.
{Wild senna} (Bot.), the {Cassia Marilandica}, growing in the
United States, the leaves of which are used medicinally,
like those of the officinal senna.
Sennachy \Sen"na*chy\, n.
See {Seannachie}.
Sennet \Sen"net\, n. [Properly, a sign given for the entrance or
exit of actors, from OF. sinet, signet, dim. of signe. See
{Signet}.]
A signal call on a trumpet or cornet for entrance or exit on
the stage. [Obs.]
Sennet \Sen"net\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The barracuda.
Sennight \Sen"night\, n. [Contr. fr. sevennight.]
The space of seven nights and days; a week. [Written also
{se'nnight}.] [Archaic.] --Shak. --Tennyson.
Sennit \Sen"nit\, n. [Seven + knit.]
1. (Naut.) A braided cord or fabric formed by plaiting
together rope yarns or other small stuff.
2. Plaited straw or palm leaves for making hats.
Senocular \Se*noc"u*lar\, a. [L. seni six each (fr. sex six) +
oculus eye.]
Having six eyes. [R.] --Derham.
Senonian \Se*no"ni*an\, a. [F. s['e]nonien, from the district of
S['e]nonais, in France.] (Geol.)
In european geology, a name given to the middle division of
the Upper Cretaceous formation.
Senor \Se*[~n]or"\, n. [Sp. Cf. {Senior}.]
A Spanish title of courtesy corresponding to the English Mr.
or Sir; also, a gentleman.
Senora \Se*[~n]o"ra\, n. [Sp.]
A Spanish title of courtesy given to a lady; Mrs.; Madam;
also, a lady.
Senorita \Se`[~n]o*ri"ta\, n. [Sp.]
A Spanish title of courtesy given to a young lady; Miss;
also, a young lady.
Sens \Sens\, adv. [See {Since}.]
Since. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Sensate \Sen"sate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sensated}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sensating}.] [See {Sensated}.]
To feel or apprehend more or less distinctly through a sense,
or the senses; as, to sensate light, or an odor.
As those of the one are sensated by the ear, so those
of the other are by the eye. --R. Hooke.
Sensate \Sen"sate\, Sensated \Sen"sa*ted\, a. [L. sensatus
gifted with sense, intelligent, fr. sensus sense. See
{Sense}.]
Felt or apprehended through a sense, or the senses. [R.]
--Baxter.
Sensation \Sen*sa"tion\, n. [Cf. F. sensation. See {Sensate}.]
1. (Physiol.) An impression, or the consciousness of an
impression, made upon the central nervous organ, through
the medium of a sensory or afferent nerve or one of the
organs of sense; a feeling, or state of consciousness,
whether agreeable or disagreeable, produced either by an
external object (stimulus), or by some change in the
internal state of the body.
Perception is only a special kind of knowledge, and
sensation a special kind of feeling. . . . Knowledge
and feeling, perception and sensation, though always
coexistent, are always in the inverse ratio of each
other. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. A purely spiritual or psychical affection; agreeable or
disagreeable feelings occasioned by objects that are not
corporeal or material.
3. A state of excited interest or feeling, or that which
causes it.
The sensation caused by the appearance of that work
is still remembered by many. --Brougham.
Syn: Perception.
Usage: {Sensation}, {Perseption}. The distinction between
these words, when used in mental philosophy, may be
thus stated; if I simply smell a rose, I have a
sensation; if I refer that smell to the external
object which occasioned it, I have a perception. Thus,
the former is mere feeling, without the idea of an
object; the latter is the mind's apprehension of some
external object as occasioning that feeling.
``Sensation properly expresses that change in the
state of the mind which is produced by an impression
upon an organ of sense (of which change we can
conceive the mind to be conscious, without any
knowledge of external objects). Perception, on the
other hand, expresses the knowledge or the intimations
we obtain by means of our sensations concerning the
qualities of matter, and consequently involves, in
every instance, the notion of externality, or outness,
which it is necessary to exclude in order to seize the
precise import of the word sensation.'' --Fleming.
Sensational \Sen*sa"tion*al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to sensation; as, sensational nerves.
2. Of or pertaining to sensationalism, or the doctrine that
sensation is the sole origin of knowledge.
3. Suited or intended to excite temporarily great interest or
emotion; melodramatic; emotional; as, sensational plays or
novels; sensational preaching; sensational journalism; a
sensational report.
Sensationalism \Sen*sa"tion*al*ism\, n.
1. (Metaph.) The doctrine held by Condillac, and by some
ascribed to Locke, that our ideas originate solely in
sensation, and consist of sensations transformed;
sensualism; -- opposed to {intuitionalism}, and
{rationalism}.
2. The practice or methods of sensational writing or
speaking; as, the sensationalism of a novel.
Sensationalist \Sen*sa"tion*al*ist\, n.
1. (Metaph.) An advocate of, or believer in, philosophical
sensationalism.
2. One who practices sensational writing or speaking.
Sense \Sense\, n. [L. sensus, from sentire, sensum, to perceive,
to feel, from the same root as E. send; cf. OHG. sin sense,
mind, sinnan to go, to journey, G. sinnen to meditate, to
think: cf. F. sens. For the change of meaning cf. {See}, v.
t. See {Send}, and cf. {Assent}, {Consent}, {Scent}, v. t.,
{Sentence}, {Sentient}.]
1. (Physiol.) A faculty, possessed by animals, of perceiving
external objects by means of impressions made upon certain
organs (sensory or sense organs) of the body, or of
perceiving changes in the condition of the body; as, the
senses of sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch. See
{Muscular sense}, under {Muscular}, and {Temperature
sense}, under {Temperature}.
Let fancy still my sense in Lethe steep. --Shak.
What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall
delineate. --Milton.
The traitor Sense recalls The soaring soul from
rest. --Keble.
2. Perception by the sensory organs of the body; sensation;
sensibility; feeling.
In a living creature, though never so great, the
sense and the affects of any one part of the body
instantly make a transcursion through the whole.
--Bacon.
3. Perception through the intellect; apprehension;
recognition; understanding; discernment; appreciation.
This Basilius, having the quick sense of a lover.
--Sir P.
Sidney.
High disdain from sense of injured merit. --Milton.
4. Sound perception and reasoning; correct judgment; good
mental capacity; understanding; also, that which is sound,
true, or reasonable; rational meaning. ``He speaks
sense.'' --Shak.
He raves; his words are loose As heaps of sand, and
scattering wide from sense. --Dryden.
5. That which is felt or is held as a sentiment, view, or
opinion; judgment; notion; opinion.
I speak my private but impartial sense With freedom.
--Roscommon.
The municipal council of the city had ceased to
speak the sense of the citizens. --Macaulay.
6. Meaning; import; signification; as, the true sense of
words or phrases; the sense of a remark.
So they read in the book in the law of God
distinctly, and gave the sense. --Neh. viii.
8.
I think 't was in another sense. --Shak.
7. Moral perception or appreciation.
Some are so hardened in wickedness as to have no
sense of the most friendly offices. --L' Estrange.
8. (Geom.) One of two opposite directions in which a line,
surface, or volume, may be supposed to be described by the
motion of a point, line, or surface.
{Common sense}, according to Sir W. Hamilton:
(a) ``The complement of those cognitions or convictions
which we receive from nature, which all men possess in
common, and by which they test the truth of knowledge
and the morality of actions.''
(b) ``The faculty of first principles.'' These two are the
philosophical significations.
(c) ``Such ordinary complement of intelligence, that,if a
person be deficient therein, he is accounted mad or
foolish.''
(d) When the substantive is emphasized: ``Native practical
intelligence, natural prudence, mother wit, tact in
behavior, acuteness in the observation of character,
in contrast to habits of acquired learning or of
speculation.''
{Moral sense}. See under {Moral},
(a) .
{The inner}, or {internal}, {sense}, capacity of the mind to
be aware of its own states; consciousness; reflection.
``This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself,
and though it be not sense, as having nothing to do with
external objects, yet it is very like it, and might
properly enough be called internal sense.'' --Locke.
{Sense capsule} (Anat.), one of the cartilaginous or bony
cavities which inclose, more or less completely, the
organs of smell, sight, and hearing.
{Sense organ} (Physiol.), a specially irritable mechanism by
which some one natural force or form of energy is enabled
to excite sensory nerves; as the eye, ear, an end bulb or
tactile corpuscle, etc.
{Sense organule} (Anat.), one of the modified epithelial
cells in or near which the fibers of the sensory nerves
terminate.
Syn: Understanding; reason.
Usage: {Sense}, {Understanding}, {Reason}. Some philosophers
have given a technical signification to these terms,
which may here be stated. Sense is the mind's acting
in the direct cognition either of material objects or
of its own mental states. In the first case it is
called the outer, in the second the inner, sense.
Understanding is the logical faculty, i. e., the power
of apprehending under general conceptions, or the
power of classifying, arranging, and making
deductions. Reason is the power of apprehending those
first or fundamental truths or principles which are
the conditions of all real and scientific knowledge,
and which control the mind in all its processes of
investigation and deduction. These distinctions are
given, not as established, but simply because they
often occur in writers of the present day.
Sense \Sense\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sensed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sensing}.]
To perceive by the senses; to recognize. [Obs. or Colloq.]
Is he sure that objects are not otherwise sensed by
others than they are by him? --Glanvill.
Senseful \Sense"ful\, a.
Full of sense, meaning, or reason; reasonable; judicious.
[R.] ``Senseful speech.'' --Spenser. ``Men, otherwise
senseful and ingenious.'' --Norris.
Senseless \Sense"less\, a.
Destitute of, deficient in, or contrary to, sense; without
sensibility or feeling; unconscious; stupid; foolish; unwise;
unreasonable.
You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless
things. --Shak.
The ears are senseless that should give us hearing.
--Shak.
The senseless grave feels not your pious sorrows.
--Rowe.
They were a senseless, stupid race. --Swift.
They would repent this their senseless perverseness
when it would be too late. --Clarendon.
--- {Sense"less*ly}, adv. -- {Sense"less*ness}, n.
Sensibility \Sen`si*bil"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Sensibilities}. [Cf. F.
sensibilit['e], LL. sensibilitas.]
1. (Physiol.) The quality or state of being sensible, or
capable of sensation; capacity to feel or perceive.
2. The capacity of emotion or feeling, as distinguished from
the intellect and the will; peculiar susceptibility of
impression, pleasurable or painful; delicacy of feeling;
quick emotion or sympathy; as, sensibility to pleasure or
pain; sensibility to shame or praise; exquisite
sensibility; -- often used in the plural. ``Sensibilities
so fine!'' --Cowper.
The true lawgiver ought to have a heart full of
sensibility. --Burke.
His sensibilities seem rather to have been those of
patriotism than of wounded pride. --Marshall.
3. Experience of sensation; actual feeling.
This adds greatly to my sensibility. --Burke.
4. That quality of an instrument which makes it indicate very
slight changes of condition; delicacy; as, the sensibility
of a balance, or of a thermometer.
Syn: Taste; susceptibility; feeling. See {Taste}.
Sensible \Sen"si*ble\, a. [F., fr. L. sensibilis, fr. sensus
sense.]
1. Capable of being perceived by the senses; apprehensible
through the bodily organs; hence, also, perceptible to the
mind; making an impression upon the sense, reason, or
understanding; ?????? heat; sensible resistance.
Air is sensible to the touch by its motion.
--Arbuthnot.
The disgrace was more sensible than the pain. --Sir
W. Temple.
Any very sensible effect upon the prices of things.
--A. Smith.
2. Having the capacity of receiving impressions from external
objects; capable of perceiving by the instrumentality of
the proper organs; liable to be affected physsically or
mentally; impressible.
Would your cambric were sensible as your finger.
--Shak.
3. Hence: Liable to impression from without; easily affected;
having nice perception or acute feeling; sensitive; also,
readily moved or affected by natural agents; delicate; as,
a sensible thermometer. ``With affection wondrous
sensible.'' --Shak.
4. Perceiving or having perception, either by the senses or
the mind; cognizant; perceiving so clearly as to be
convinced; satisfied; persuaded.
He [man] can not think at any time, waking or
sleeping, without being sensible of it. --Locke.
They are now sensible it would have been better to
comply than to refuse. --Addison.
5. Having moral perception; capable of being affected by
moral good or evil.
6. Possessing or containing sense or reason; giftedwith, or
characterized by, good or common sense; intelligent; wise.
Now a sensible man, by and by a fool. --Shak.
{Sensible note} or {tone} (Mus.), the major seventh note of
any scale; -- so called because, being but a half step
below the octave, or key tone, and naturally leading up to
that, it makes the ear sensible of its approaching sound.
Called also the {leading tone}.
{Sensible horizon}. See {Horizon}, n., 2.
(a) .
Syn: Intelligent; wise.
Usage: {Sensible}, {Intelligent}. We call a man sensible
whose judgments and conduct are marked and governed by
sound judgment or good common semse. We call one
intelligent who is quick and clear in his
understanding, i. e., who discriminates readily and
nicely in respect to difficult and important
distinction. The sphere of the sensible man lies in
matters of practical concern; of the intelligent man,
in subjects of intellectual interest. ``I have been
tired with accounts from sensible men, furnished with
matters of fact which have happened within their own
knowledge.'' --Addison. ``Trace out numerous footsteps
. . . of a most wise and intelligent architect
throughout all this stupendous fabric.'' --Woodward.
Sensible \Sen"si*ble\, n.
1. Sensation; sensibility. [R.] ''Our temper changed . . .
which must needs remove the sensible of pain.'' --Milton.
2. That which impresses itself on the sense; anything
perceptible.
Aristotle distinguished sensibles into common and
proper. --Krauth-Fleming.
3. That which has sensibility; a sensitive being. [R.]
This melancholy extends itself not to men only, but
even to vegetals and sensibles. --Burton.
Sensibleness \Sen"si*ble*ness\, n.
1. The quality or state of being sensible; sensibility;
appreciation; capacity of perception; susceptibility.
``The sensibleness of the eye.'' --Sharp. ``Sensibleness
and sorrow for sin.'' --Hammond.
The sensibleness of the divine presence.
--Hallywell.
2. Intelligence; reasonableness; good sense.
Sensibly \Sen"si*bly\, adv.
1. In a sensible manner; so as to be perceptible to the
senses or to the mind; appreciably; with perception;
susceptibly; sensitively.
What remains past cure, Bear not too sensibly.
--Milton.
2. With intelligence or good sense; judiciously.
Sensifacient \Sen`si*fa"cient\, a. [L. sensus sense + facere to
make.]
Converting into sensation. --Huxley.
Sensiferous \Sen*sif"er*ous\, a. [L. sensifer; sensus sense +
ferre to bear.]
Exciting sensation; conveying sensation. --Huxley.
Sensific \Sen*sif"ic\, a. [L. sensificus; sensus sense + facere
to make.]
Exciting sensation.
Sensificatory \Sen*sif"i*ca*to*ry\, a.
Susceptible of, or converting into, sensation; as, the
sensificatory part of a nervous system. --Huxley.
Sensigenous \Sen*sig"e*nous\, a. [L. sensus sense + -genous.]
Causing or exciting sensation. --Huxley.
Sensism \Sens"ism\, n.
Same as {Sensualism}, 2 & 3.
Sensist \Sens"ist\, n.
One who, in philosophy, holds to sensism.
Sensitive \Sen"si*tive\, a. [F. sensitif. See {Sense}.]
1. Having sense of feeling; possessing or exhibiting the
capacity of receiving impressions from external objects;
as, a sensitive soul.
2. Having quick and acute sensibility, either to the action
of external objects, or to impressions upon the mind and
feelings; highly susceptible; easily and acutely affected.
She was too sensitive to abuse and calumny.
--Macaulay.
3.
(a) (Mech.) Having a capacity of being easily affected or
moved; as, a sensitive thermometer; sensitive scales.
(b) (Chem. & Photog.) Readily affected or changed by
certain appropriate agents; as, silver chloride or
bromide, when in contact with certain organic
substances, is extremely sensitive to actinic rays.
4. Serving to affect the sense; sensible. [R.]
A sensitive love of some sensitive objects.
--Hammond.
5. Of or pertaining to sensation; depending on sensation; as,
sensitive motions; sensitive muscular motions excited by
irritation. --E. Darwin.
{Sensitive fern} (Bot.), an American fern ({Onoclea
sensibilis}), the leaves of which, when plucked, show a
slight tendency to fold together.
{Sensitive flame} (Physics), a gas flame so arranged that
under a suitable adjustment of pressure it is exceedingly
sensitive to sounds, being caused to roar, flare, or
become suddenly shortened or extinguished, by slight
sounds of the proper pitch.
{Sensitive joint vetch} (Bot.), an annual leguminous herb
({[AE]schynomene hispida}), with sensitive foliage.
{Sensitive paper}, paper prepared for photographic purpose by
being rendered sensitive to the effect of light.
{Sensitive plant}. (Bot.)
(a) A leguminous plant ({Mimosa pudica}, or {M.
sensitiva}, and other allied species), the leaves of
which close at the slightest touch.
(b) Any plant showing motions after irritation, as the
sensitive brier ({Schrankia}) of the Southern States,
two common American species of Cassia ({C. nictitans},
and {C. Cham[ae]crista}), a kind of sorrel ({Oxalis
sensitiva}), etc.
-- {Sen"si*tive*ly}, adv. -- {Sen"si*tive*ness}, n.
Sensitivity \Sen`si*tiv"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being sensitive; -- used chiefly in
science and the arts; as, the sensitivity of iodized silver.
Sensitivity and emotivity have also been used as the
scientific term for the capacity of feeling. --Hickok.
Sensitize \Sen"si*tize\, v. t. (Photog.)
To render sensitive, or susceptible of being easily acted on
by the actinic rays of the sun; as, sensitized paper or
plate.
Sensitizer \Sen"si*ti`zer\, n. (Photog.)
An agent that sensitizes.
The sensitizer should be poured on the middle of the
sheet. --Wilis &
Clements (The
Platinotype).
Sensitory \Sen"si*to*ry\, n.
See {Sensory}.
Sensive \Sens"ive\, a.
Having sense or sensibility; sensitive. [Obs.] --Sir P.
Sidney.
Sensor \Sen"sor\, a.
Sensory; as, the sensor nerves.
Sensorial \Sen*so"ri*al\, a. [Cf. F. sensorial. See
{Sensorium}.]
Of or pertaining to the sensorium; as, sensorial faculties,
motions, powers. --A. Tucker.
Sensorium \Sen*so"ri*um\, n.; pl. E. {Sensoriums}, L.
{Sensoria}. [L., fr. sentire, sensum, to discern or perceive
by the senses.] (Physiol.)
The seat of sensation; the nervous center or centers to which
impressions from the external world must be conveyed before
they can be perceived; the place where external impressions
are localized, and transformed into sensations, prior to
being reflected to other parts of the organism; hence, the
whole nervous system, when animated, so far as it is
susceptible of common or special sensations.
Sensori-volitional \Sen*so`ri-vo*li"tion*al\, a. (Physiol.)
Concerned both in sensation and volition; -- applied to those
nerve fibers which pass to and from the cerebro-spinal axis,
and are respectively concerned in sensation and volition.
--Dunglison.
Sensery \Sen"se*ry\, n.; pl. {Sensories}. (Physiol.)
Same as {Sensorium}.
Sensory \Sen"so*ry\, a. (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to the sensorium or sensation; as, sensory
impulses; -- especially applied to those nerves and nerve
fibers which convey to a nerve center impulses resulting in
sensation; also sometimes loosely employed in the sense of
afferent, to indicate nerve fibers which convey impressions
of any kind to a nerve center.
Sensual \Sen"su*al\, a. [L. sensualis, from sensus sense: cf. F.
sensuel.]
1. Pertaining to, consisting in, or affecting, the sense, or
bodily organs of perception; relating to, or concerning,
the body, in distinction from the spirit.
Pleasing and sensual rites and ceremonies. --Bacon.
Far as creation's ample range extends, The scale of
sensual, mental powers ascends. --Pope.
2. Hence, not spiritual or intellectual; carnal; fleshly;
pertaining to, or consisting in, the gratification of the
senses, or the indulgence of appetites; wordly.
These be they who separate themselves, sensual,
having not the Spirit. --Jude 19.
The greatest part of men are such as prefer . . .
that good which is sensual before whatsoever is most
divine. --Hooker.
3. Devoted to the pleasures of sense and appetite; luxurious;
voluptuous; lewd; libidinous.
No small part of virtue consists in abstaining from
that wherein sensual men place their felicity.
--Atterbury.
4. Pertaining or peculiar to the philosophical doctrine of
sensualism.
Sensualism \Sen"su*al*ism\, n. [Cf. F. sensualisme.]
1. The condition or character of one who is sensual;
subjection to sensual feelings and appetite; sensuality.
2. (Philos.) The doctrine that all our ideas, or the
operations of the understanding, not only originate in
sensation, but are transformed sensations, copies or
relics of sensations; sensationalism; sensism.
3. (Ethics) The regarding of the gratification of the senses
as the highest good. --Krauth-Fleming.
Sensualist \Sen"su*al*ist\, n. [CF. F. sensualiste.]
1. One who is sensual; one given to the indulgence of the
appetites or senses as the means of happiness.
2. One who holds to the doctrine of sensualism.
Sensualistic \Sen`su*al*is"tic\, a.
1. Sensual.
2. Adopting or teaching the doctrines of sensualism.
Sensuality \Sen`su*al"i*ty\, n. [CF. F. sensualit['e], L.
sensualitas sensibility, capacity for sensation.]
The quality or state of being sensual; devotedness to the
gratification of the bodily appetites; free indulgence in
carnal or sensual pleasures; luxuriousness; voluptuousness;
lewdness.
Those pampered animals That rage in savage sensuality.
--Shak.
They avoid dress, lest they should have affections
tainted by any sensuality. --Addison.
Sensualization \Sen`su*al*i*za"tion\, n.
The act of sensualizing, or the state of being sensualized.
Sensualize \Sen"su*al*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sensualized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Sensualizing}.]
To make sensual; to subject to the love of sensual pleasure;
to debase by carnal gratifications; to carnalize; as,
sensualized by pleasure. --Pope.
By the neglect of prayer, the thoughts are sensualized.
--T. H.
Skinner.
Sensually \Sen"su*al*ly\, adv.
In a sensual manner.
Sensualness \Sen"su*al*ness\, n.
Sensuality; fleshliness.
Sensuism \Sen"su*ism\, n.
Sensualism.
Sensuosity \Sen`su*os"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being sensuous; sensuousness. [R.]
Sensuous \Sen"su*ous\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the senses, or sensible objects;
addressing the senses; suggesting pictures or images of
sense.
To this poetry would be made precedent, as being
less subtle and fine, but more simple, sensuous, and
passionate. --Milton.
2. Highly susceptible to influence through the senses. --
{Sen"su*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Sen"su*ous*ness}, n.
Sent \Sent\, v. & n.
See {Scent}, v. & n. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Sent \Sent\,
obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of {Send}, for sendeth.
Sent \Sent\,
imp. & p. p. of {Send}.
Sentence \Sen"tence\, n. [F., from L. sententia, for sentientia,
from sentire to discern by the senses and the mind, to feel,
to think. See {Sense}, n., and cf. {Sentiensi}.]
1. Sense; meaning; significance. [Obs.]
Tales of best sentence and most solace. --Chaucer.
The discourse itself, voluble enough, and full of
sentence. --Milton.
2.
(a) An opinion; a decision; a determination; a judgment,
especially one of an unfavorable nature.
My sentence is for open war. --Milton.
That by them [Luther's works] we may pass
sentence upon his doctrines. --Atterbury.
(b) A philosophical or theological opinion; a dogma; as,
Summary of the Sentences; Book of the Sentences.
3. (Law) In civil and admiralty law, the judgment of a court
pronounced in a cause; in criminal and ecclesiastical
courts, a judgment passed on a criminal by a court or
judge; condemnation pronounced by a judgical tribunal;
doom. In common law, the term is exclusively used to
denote the judgment in criminal cases.
Received the sentence of the law. --Shak.
4. A short saying, usually containing moral instruction; a
maxim; an axiom; a saw. --Broome.
5. (Gram.) A combination of words which is complete as
expressing a thought, and in writing is marked at the
close by a period, or full point. See {Proposition}, 4.
Note: Sentences are simple or compound. A simple sentence
consists of one subject and one finite verb; as, ``The
Lord reigns.'' A compound sentence contains two or more
subjects and finite verbs, as in this verse:
He fills, he bounds, connects, and equals all.
--Pope.
{Dark sentence}, a saving not easily explained.
A king . . . understanding dark sentences. --Dan.
vii. 23.
Sentence \Sen"tence\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sentenced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sentencing}.]
1. To pass or pronounce judgment upon; to doom; to condemn to
punishment; to prescribe the punishment of.
Nature herself is sentenced in your doom. --Dryden.
2. To decree or announce as a sentence. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. To utter sententiously. [Obs.] --Feltham.
Sentencer \Sen"ten*cer\, n.
One who pronounced a sentence or condemnation.
sentential \sen*ten"tial\, a.
1. Comprising sentences; as, a sentential translation. --Abp.
Newcome.
2. Of or pertaining to a sentence, or full period; as, a
sentential pause.
Sententially \Sen*ten"tial*ly\, adv.
In a sentential manner.
Sententiarist \Sen*ten"ti*a*rist\, n.
A sententiary. --Barnas Sears (Life of Luther).
Sententiary \Sen*ten"ti*ary\, n. [LL. sententiarius.]
One who read lectures, or commented, on the Sentences of
Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris (1159-1160), a school divine.
--R. Henry.
Sententiosity \Sen*ten`ti*os"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being sententious. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Sententious \Sen*ten"tious\, a.[L. sentenciosus: cf. F.
sentencieux.]
1. Abounding with sentences, axioms, and maxims; full of
meaning; terse and energetic in expression; pithy; as, a
sententious style or discourse; sententious truth.
How he apes his sire, Ambitiously sententious!
--Addison.
2. Comprising or representing sentences; sentential. [Obs.]
``Sententious marks.'' --Grew. --- {Sen*ten"tious*ly},
adv. -- {Sen*ten"tious*ness}, n.
Sentery \Sen"ter*y\, n.
A sentry. [Obs.] --Milton.
Senteur \Sen"teur\, n. [F.]
Scent. [Obs.] --Holland.
Sentience \Sen"ti*ence\, Sentiency \Sen"ti*en*cy\, n. [See
{Sentient}, {Sentence}.]
The quality or state of being sentient; esp., the quality or
state of having sensation. --G. H. Lewes
An example of harmonious action between the
intelligence and the sentieny of the mind. --Earle.
Sentient \Sen"ti*ent\, a. [L. sentiens, -entis, p. pr. of
sentire to discern or perceive by the senses. See {Sense}.]
Having a faculty, or faculties, of sensation and perception.
Specif. (Physiol.), especially sensitive; as, the sentient
extremities of nerves, which terminate in the various organs
or tissues.
Sentient \Sen"ti*ent\, n.
One who has the faculty of perception; a sentient being.
Sentiently \Sen"ti*ent*ly\, adv.
In a sentient or perceptive way.
Sentiment \Sen"ti*ment\, n. [OE. sentement, OF. sentement, F.
sentiment, fr. L. sentire to perceive by the senses and mind,
to feel, to think. See {Sentient}, a.]
1. A thought prompted by passion or feeling; a state of mind
in view of some subject; feeling toward or respecting some
person or thing; disposition prompting to action or
expression.
The word sentiment, agreeably to the use made of it
by our best English writers, expresses, in my own
opinion very happily, those complex determinations
of the mind which result from the co["o]peration of
our rational powers and of our moral feelings.
--Stewart.
Alike to council or the assembly came, With equal
souls and sentiments the same. --Pope.
2. Hence, generally, a decision of the mind formed by
deliberation or reasoning; thought; opinion; notion;
judgment; as, to express one's sentiments on a subject.
Sentiments of philosophers about the perception of
external objects. --Reid.
Sentiment, as here and elsewhere employed by Reid in
the meaning of opinion (sententia), is not to be
imitated. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
3. A sentence, or passage, considered as the expression of a
thought; a maxim; a saying; a toast.
4. Sensibility; feeling; tender susceptibility.
Mr. Hume sometimes employs (after the manner of the
French metaphysicians) sentiment as synonymous with
feeling; a use of the word quite unprecedented in
our tongue. --Stewart.
Less of sentiment than sense. --Tennyson.
Syn: Thought; opinion; notion; sensibility; feeling.
Usage: {Sentiment}, {Opinion}, {Feeling}. An opinion is an
intellectual judgment in respect to any and every kind
of truth. Feeling describes those affections of
pleasure and pain which spring from the exercise of
our sentient and emotional powers. Sentiment
(particularly in the plural) lies between them,
denoting settled opinions or principles in regard to
subjects which interest the feelings strongly, and are
presented more or less constantly in practical life.
Hence, it is more appropriate to speak of our
religious sentiments than opinions, unless we mean to
exclude all reference to our feelings. The word
sentiment, in the singular, leans ordinarily more to
the side of feeling, and denotes a refined sensibility
on subjects affecting the heart. ``On questions of
feeling, taste, observation, or report, we define our
sentiments. On questions of science, argument, or
metaphysical abstraction, we define our opinions. The
sentiments of the heart. The opinions of the mind . .
. There is more of instinct in sentiment, and more of
definition in opinion. The admiration of a work of art
which results from first impressions is classed with
our sentiments; and, when we have accounted to
ourselves for the approbation, it is classed with our
opinions.'' --W. Taylor.
Sentimental \Sen`ti*men"tal\, a. [Cf. F. sentimental.]
1. Having, expressing, or containing a sentiment or
sentiments; abounding with moral reflections; containing a
moral reflection; didactic. [Obsoles.]
Nay, ev'n each moral sentimental stroke, Where not
the character, but poet, spoke, He lopped, as
foreign to his chaste design, Nor spared a useless,
though a golden line. --Whitehead.
2. Inclined to sentiment; having an excess of sentiment or
sensibility; indulging the sensibilities for their own
sake; artificially or affectedly tender; -- often in a
reproachful sense.
A sentimental mind is rather prone to overwrought
feeling and exaggerated tenderness. --Whately.
3. Addressed or pleasing to the emotions only, usually to the
weaker and the unregulated emotions.
Syn: Romantic.
Usage: {Sentimental}, {Romantic}. Sentimental usually
describes an error or excess of the sensibilities;
romantic, a vice of the imagination. The votary of the
former gives indulgence to his sensibilities for the
mere luxury of their excitement; the votary of the
latter allows his imagination to rove for the pleasure
of creating scenes of ideal enjoiment. ``Perhaps there
is no less danger in works called sentimental. They
attack the heart more successfully, because more
cautiously.'' --V. Knox. ``I can not but look on an
indifferency of mind, as to the good or evil things of
this life, as a mere romantic fancy of such who would
be thought to be much wiser than they ever were, or
could be.'' --Bp. Stillingfleet.
Sentimentalism \Sen`ti*men"tal*ism\, n. [Cf. F.
sentimentalisme.]
The quality of being sentimental; the character or behavior
of a sentimentalist; sentimentality.
Sentimentalist \Sen`ti*men"tal*ist\, n. [Cf. F.
sentimentaliste.]
One who has, or affects, sentiment or fine feeling.
Sentimentality \Sen`ti*men*tal"i*ty\, n. [CF. F.
sentimentalit['e].]
The quality or state of being sentimental.
Sentimentalize \Sen`ti*men"tal*ize\, v. t.
To regard in a sentimental manner; as, to sentimentalize a
subject.
Sentimentalize \Sen`ti*men"tal*ize\, v. i.
To think or act in a sentimental manner, or like a
sentimentalist; to affect exquisite sensibility. --C.
Kingsley.
Sentimentally \Sen`ti*men"tal*ly\, adv.
In a sentimental manner.
Sentine \Sen"tine\, n. [L. sentina bilge water, hold of a ship,
dregs: cf. F. sentine.]
A place for dregs and dirt; a sink; a sewer. [Obs.]
--Latimer.
Sentinel \Sen"ti*nel\, n. [F. sentinelle (cf. It. sentinella);
probably originally, a litle path, the sentinel's beat,, and
a dim. of a word meaning, path; cf. F. sente path. L. semita;
and OF. sentine, sentele, senteret, diminutive words. Cf.
{Sentry}.]
1. One who watches or guards; specifically (Mil.), a soldier
set to guard an army, camp, or other place, from surprise,
to observe the approach of danger, and give notice of it;
a sentry.
The sentinels who paced the ramparts. --Macaulay.
2. Watch; guard. [Obs.] ``That princes do keep due
sentinel.'' --Bacon.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A marine crab ({Podophthalmus vigil}) native of
the Indian Ocean, remarkable for the great length of its
eyestalks; -- called also {sentinel crab}.
Sentinel \Sen"ti*nel\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sentineled}or
{Sentinelled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Sentineling} or
{Sentinelling}.]
1. To watch over like a sentinel. ``To sentinel enchanted
land.'' [R.] --Sir W. Scott.
2. To furnish with a sentinel; to place under the guard of a
sentinel or sentinels.
Sentisection \Sen`ti*sec"tion\, n. [L. sentire to feel + E.
section.]
Painful vivisection; -- opposed to {callisection}. --B. G.
Wilder.
Sentry \Sen"try\, n.; pl. {Sentires}. [Probably from OF.
senteret a little patch; cf. F. sentier path, and OF. sente.
See {Sentinel}.]
1. (Mil.) A soldier placed on guard; a sentinel.
2. Guard; watch, as by a sentinel.
Here toils, and death, and death's half-brother,
sleep, Forms terrible to view, their sentry keep.
--Dryden.
{Sentry box}, a small house or box to cover a sentinel at his
post, and shelter him from the weather.
Senza \Sen"za\, prep. [It.] (Mus.)
Without; as, senza stromenti, without instruments.
Sepal \Se"pal\, n. [NL. sepalum, formed in imitation of NL.
petalum, petal, to denote one of the divisions of the calyx:
cf. F. s['e]pale.] (Bot.)
A leaf or division of the calyx.
Note: When the calyx consists of but one part, it is said to
be monosepalous; when of two parts, it is said to be
disepalous; when of a variable and indefinite number of
parts, it is said to be polysepalous; when of several
parts united, it is properly called gamosepalous.
Sepaled \Se"paled\, a. (Bot.)
Having one or more sepals.
Sepaline \Sep"al*ine\, a. (Bot.)
Relating to, or having the nature of, sepals.
Sepalody \Se*pal"o*dy\, n. [Sepal + Gr. ??? form.] (Bot.)
The metamorphosis of other floral organs into sepals or
sepaloid bodies.
Sepaloid \Sep"al*oid\, a. [Sepal + -oid.] (Bot.)
Like a sepal, or a division of a calyx.
Sepalous \Sep"al*ous\, a. (Bot.)
Having, or relating to, sepals; -- used mostly in
composition. See under {Sepal}.
Separability \Sep`a*ra*bil"i*ty\, n.
Quality of being separable or divisible; divisibility;
separableness.
Separable \Sep"a*ra*ble\, a. [L. separabilis: cf. F.
s['e]parable.]
Capable of being separated, disjoined, disunited, or divided;
as, the separable parts of plants; qualities not separable
from the substance in which they exist. --
{Sep"a*ra*ble*ness}, n. -- {Sep"a*ra*bly}, adv.
Trials permit me not to doubt of the separableness of a
yellow tincture from gold. --Boyle.
Separate \Sep"a*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Separated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Separating}.] [L. separatus, p. p. of separare to
separate; pfref. se- aside + parare to make ready, prepare.
See {Parade}, and cf. {Sever}.]
1. To disunite; to divide; to disconnect; to sever; to part
in any manner.
From the fine gold I separate the alloy. --Dryden.
Separate thyself, I pray thee, from me. --Gen. xiii.
9.
Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?
--Rom. viii.
35.
2. To come between; to keep apart by occupying the space
between; to lie between; as, the Mediterranean Sea
separates Europe and Africa.
3. To set apart; to select from among others, as for a
special use or service.
Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto
I have called thaem. --Acts xiii.
2.
{Separated flowers} (Bot.), flowers which have stamens and
pistils in separate flowers; diclinous flowers. --Gray.
Separate \Sep"a*rate\, v. i.
To part; to become disunited; to be disconnected; to withdraw
from one another; as, the family separated.
Separate \Sep"a*rate\, p. a. [L. separatus, p. p. ]
1. Divided from another or others; disjoined; disconnected;
separated; -- said of things once connected.
Him that was separate from his brethren. --Gen.
xlix. 26.
2. Unconnected; not united or associated; distinct; -- said
of things that have not been connected.
For such an high priest became us, who is holy,
harmless, undefiled, separate from sinnere. --Heb.
vii. 26.
3. Disunited from the body; disembodied; as, a separate
spirit; the separate state of souls.
{Separate estate} (Law), an estate limited to a married woman
independent of her husband.
{Separate maintenance} (Law), an allowance made to a wife by
her husband under deed of separation. -- {Sep"a*rate*ly},
adv. -- {Sep"a*rate*ness}, n.
Separatical \Sep`a*rat"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to separatism in religion; schismatical.
[R.] --Dr. T. Dwight.
Separating \Sep"a*ra`ting\, a.
Designed or employed to separate.
{Separating funnel} (Chem.), a funnel, often globe-shaped,
provided with a stopcock for the separate drawing off of
immiscible liquids of different specific gravities.
Separation \Sep`a*ra"tion\, n. [L. separatio: cf. F.
s['e]paration.]
The act of separating, or the state of being separated, or
separate. Specifically:
(a) Chemical analysis.
(b) Divorce.
(c) (Steam Boilers) The operation of removing water from
steam.
{Judicial separation} (Law), a form of divorce; a separation
of man and wife which has the effect of making each a
single person for all legal purposes but without ability
to contract a new marriage. --Mozley & W.
Separatism \Sep"a*ra*tism\, n. [CF. F. s['e]paratisme.]
The character or act of a separatist; disposition to withdraw
from a church; the practice of so withdrawing.
Separatist \Sep`a*ra*tist\, n. [Cf. F. s['e]paratiste.]
One who withdraws or separates himself; especially, one who
withdraws from a church to which he has belonged; a seceder
from an established church; a dissenter; a nonconformist; a
schismatic; a sectary.
Heavy fines on divines who should preach in any meeting
of separatist . --Macaulay.
Separatistic \Sep`a*ra*tis"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to separatists; characterizing separatists;
schismatical.
Separative \Sep"a*ra*tive\, a. [L. separativus.]
Causing, or being to cause, separation. ``Separative virtue
of extreme cold.'' --Boyle.
Separator \Sep"a*ra`tor\, n. [L.]
One who, or that which, separates. Specifically:
(a) (Steam Boilers) A device for depriving steam of particles
of water mixed with it.
(b) (Mining) An apparatus for sorting pulverized ores into
grades, or separating them from gangue.
(c) (Weaving) An instrument used for spreading apart the
threads of the warp in the loom, etc.
Separatory \Sep"a*ra*to*ry\, a.
Separative. --Cheyne.
Separatory \Sep"a*ra*to*ry\, n. [Cf. F. s['e]paratoire.]
1. (Chem.) An apparatus used in separating, as a separating
funnel.
2. (Surg.) A surgical instrument for separating the
pericranium from the cranium. [Obs.]
Separatrix \Sep`a*ra"trix\, n.; pl. L. {-trices}, E. {-trixes}.
[L., she that separates.] (Arith.)
The decimal point; the dot placed at the left of a decimal
fraction, to separate it from the whole number which it
follows. The term is sometimes also applied to other marks of
separation.
Sepawn \Se*pawn"\, n.
See {Supawn}. [Local, U.S.]
Sepelible \Sep"e*li*ble\, a. [L. sepelibilis, fr. sepelire to
bury.]
Admitting of burial. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Sepelition \Sep`e*li"tion\, n.
Burial. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Sephen \Se"phen\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large sting ray of the genus {Trygon}, especially {T.
sephen} of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. The skin is an
article of commerce.
Sepia \Se"pi*a\, n.; pl. E. {Sepias}, L. {Sepi[ae]}. [L., fr.
Gr. ??? the cuttlefish, or squid.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The common European cuttlefish.
(b) A genus comprising the common cuttlefish and numerous
similar species. See Illustr. under {Cuttlefish}.
2. A pigment prepared from the ink, or black secretion, of
the sepia, or cuttlefish. Treated with caustic potash, it
has a rich brown color; and this mixed with a red forms
{Roman sepia}. Cf. {India ink}, under {India}.
{Sepia} {drawing or picture}, a drawing in monochrome, made
in sepia alone, or in sepia with other brown pigments.
Sepia \Se"pi*a\, a.
Of a dark brown color, with a little red in its composition;
also, made of, or done in, sepia.
Sepic \Se"pic\, a.
Of or pertaining to sepia; done in sepia; as, a sepic
drawing.
Sepidaceous \Sep`i*da"ceous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to the cuttlefishes of the genus Sepia.
Sepiment \Sep"i*ment\, n. [L. sepimentum, saepimentum, from
sepire, saepire, to hedge in.]
Something that separates; a hedge; a fence. [R.] --Bailey.
Sepiolite \Se"pi*o*lite`\, n. [Septa + -lite.] (Min.)
Meerschaum. See {Meerschaum}.
Sepiostare \Se"pi*o*stare`\, n. [Sepia + Gr. ??? a bone.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The bone or shell of cuttlefish. See Illust. under
{Cuttlefish}.
Sepon \Se*pon"\, n.
See {Supawn}. [Local, U.S.]
Sepose \Se*pose"\, v. t. [L. pref se- aside + E. pose.]
To set apart. [Obs.] --Donne.
Seposit \Se*pos"it\, v. t. [L. sepositus, p. p. of seponere to
set aside.]
To set aside; to give up. [Obs.]
Seposition \Sep`o*si"tion\, n. [L. sepositio.]
The act of setting aside, or of giving up. [Obs.] --Jer.
Taylor.
Sepoy \Se"poy\, n. [Per. sip[=a]h[=i], fr. sip[=a]h an army. Cf.
{Spahi}.]
A native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a
European power, esp. of Great Britain; an Oriental soldier
disciplined in the European manner.
Seppuku \Sep*pu"ku\, n.
Same as {Hara-kiri}.
Seppuku, or hara-kiri, also came into vogue. --W. E.
Griffis.
Sepsin \Sep"sin\, n. [Gr. ??? putrefaction.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A soluble poison (ptomaine) present in putrid blood. It is
also formed in the putrefaction of proteid matter in general.
Sepsis \Sep"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? putrefaction.] (Med.)
The poisoning of the system by the introduction of putrescent
material into the blood.
Sept \Sept\, n. [A corruption of sect, n.]
A clan, tribe, or family, proceeding from a common
progenitor; -- used especially of the ancient clans in
Ireland.
The chief, struck by the illustration, asked at once to
be baptized, and all his sept followed his example.
--S. Lover.
Septaemia \Sep*t[ae]"mi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? putrid + ???
blood.] (Med.)
Septic[ae]mia.
Septal \Sep"tal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a septum or septa, as of a coral or a
shell.
Septane \Sep"tane\, n. [L. septem seven.] (Chem.)
See {Heptane}. [R.]
Septangle \Sep"tan`gle\, n. [Septi- + angle.] (Geom.)
A figure which has seven angles; a heptagon. [R.]
Septangular \Sep*tan"gu*lar\, a.
Heptagonal.
Septarium \Sep*ta"ri*um\, n.;pl. {Septaria}. [NL., fr. L.
septum, saeptum, an inclosure, a partition, fr. sepire,
saepire, to inclose.] (Geol.)
A flattened concretionary nodule, usually of limestone,
intersected within by cracks which are often filled with
calcite, barite, or other minerals.
Septate \Sep"tate\, a. [L. septum, saeptum, partition.]
Divided by partition or partitions; having septa; as, a
septate pod or shell.
September \Sep*tem"ber\, n. [L., fr. septem seven, as being the
seventh month of the Roman year, which began with March: cf.
F. septembre. See {Seven}.]
The ninth month of the year, containing thurty days.
Septemberer \Sep*tem"ber*er\, n.
A Setembrist. --Carlyle.
Septembrist \Sep*tem"brist\, n. [F. septembriste.]
An agent in the massacres in Paris, committed in patriotic
frenzy, on the 22d of September, 1792.
Septemfluous \Sep*tem"flu*ous\, a.[L. septemfluus; septem seven
+ fluere to flow.]
Flowing sevenfold; divided into seven streams or currents.
[R.] --Fuller.
Septempartite \Sep*tem"par*tite\, a. [L. septem seven + E.
partite.]
Divided nearly to the base into seven parts; as, a
septempartite leaf.
Septemtrioun \Sep*tem"tri*oun\, n.
Septentrion. [Obs.]
Septemvir \Sep*tem"vir\, n.; pl. E. {Septemvirs}, L.
{Septemviri}. [L. septemviri, pl.; septem seven + viri, pl.
of vir man.] (Rom. Hist.)
One of a board of seven men associated in some office.
Septemvirate \Sep*tem"vi*rate\, n.[L. septemviratus.]
The office of septemvir; a government by septimvirs.
Septenary \Sep"ten*a*ry\, a. [L. septenairus, from septeni seven
each, septem seven: cf. F. sept['e]naire. See {Seven}. ]
1. Consisting of, or relating to, seven; as, a septenary
number. --I. Watts.
2. Lasting seven years; continuing seven years. ``Septenary
penance.'' --Fuller.
Septenary \Sep"ten*a*ry\, n.
The number seven. [R.] --Holinshed.
Septenate \Sep"ten*ate\, a. [L. septeni seven each.] (Bot.)
Having parts in sevens; heptamerous.
Septennate \Sep*ten"nate\, n. [F. septennat.]
A period of seven years; as, the septennate during which the
President of the French Republic holds office.
Septennial \Sep*ten"ni*al\, a. [L. septennium a period of seven
years; septem seven + annus year. See {Seven}, and {Annual}.]
1. Lasting or continuing seven years; as, septennial
parliaments.
2. Happening or returning once in every seven years; as,
septennial elections in England.
Septennially \Sep*ten"ni*al*ly\, adv.
Once in seven years.
Septentrial \Sep*ten"tri*al\, a.
Septentrional. --Drayton.
Septentrio \Sep*ten"tri*o\, n. [L. See {Septentrion}.] (Astron.)
The constellation Ursa Major.
Septentrion \Sep*ten"tri*on\, n. [L. septentrio the northern
regions, the north, fr. septentriones the seven stars near
the north pole, called Charles's Wain, or the Great Bear,
also those called the Little Bear; properly, the seven plow
oxen; septem seven + trio, orig., a plow ox: cf. F.
septentrion.]
The north or northern regions. --Shak.
Both East West, South and Septentrioun. --Chaucer.
Septentrion \Sep*ten"tri*on\, Septentrional \Sep*ten"tri*on*al\,
a. [L. septentrionalis: cf. F. septentrional.]
Of or pertaining to the north; northern. ``From cold
septentrion blasts.'' --Milton.
Septentrionality \Sep*ten`tri*on*al"i*ty\, n.
Northerliness.
Septentrionally \Sep*ten"tri*on*al*ly\, adv.
Northerly.
Septentrionate \Sep*ten"tri*on*ate\, v. i.
To tend or point toward the north; to north. --Sir T. Browne.
Septet \Sep*tet"\, Septette \Sep*tette"\, n. [From L. septem
seven, like duet, from L. duo.]
1. A set of seven persons or objects; as, a septet of
singers.
2. (Mus.) A musical composition for seven instruments or
seven voices; -- called also {septuor}.
Septfoil \Sept"foil\, n. [F. sept seven (L. septem) + E. foil
leaf: cf. L. septifolium.]
1. (Bot.) A European herb, the tormentil. See {Tormentil}.
2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation having seven lobes. Cf.
{Cinquefoil}, {Quarterfoil}, and {Trefoil}.
3. (Eccl.Art.) A typical figure, consisting of seven equal
segments of a circle, used to denote the gifts of the Holy
Chost, the seven sacraments as recognized by the Roman
Catholic Church, etc. [R.]
Septi- \Sep"ti-\, [L. septem seven.]
A combining form meaning seven; as, septifolious,
seven-leaved; septi-lateral, seven-sided.
Septic \Sep"tic\, a. [Septi- + -ic.] (Math.)
Of the seventh degree or order. -- n. (Alg.) A quantic of the
seventh degree.
Septic \Sep"tic\, Septical \Sep"tic*al\, a. [L. septicus, Gr.
????, fr. ???? to make putrid: cf. F. septique.]
Having power to promote putrefaction.
Septic \Sep"tic\, n.
A substance that promotes putrefaction.
Septicaemia \Sep`ti*c[ae]"mi*a\, n. [NL., from Gr. ???
putrefactive + ??? blood.] (Med.)
A poisoned condition of the blood produced by the absorption
into it of septic or putrescent material; blood poisoning. It
is marked by chills, fever, prostration, and inflammation of
the different serous membranes and of the lungs, kidneys, and
other organs.
Septically \Sep"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In a septic manner; in a manner tending to promote
putrefaction.
Septicidal \Sep"ti*ci`dal\, a. [Septum + L. caedere to cut: cf.
F. septicide.] (Bot.)
Dividing the partitions; -- said of a method of dehiscence in
which a pod splits through the partitions and is divided into
its component carpels.
Septicity \Sep*tic"i*ty\, n. [See {Septic}.]
Tendency to putrefaction; septic quality.
Septifarious \Sep`ti*fa"ri*ous\, a. [L. septifariam sevenfold.
Cf. {Bifarious}.] (Bot.)
Turned in seven different ways.
Septiferous \Sep*tif"er*ous\, a. [Septum + -ferous: cf. F.
septif[`e]re.] (Bot.)
Bearing a partition; -- said of the valves of a capsule.
Septiferous \Sep*tif"er*ous\, a. [Gr. ??? putrefied + -ferous.]
Conveying putrid poison; as, the virulence of septiferous
matter.
Septifluous \Sep*tif"lu*ous\, a. [CF. {Septemfluous}.]
Flowing in seven streams; septemfluous.
Septifolious \Sep`ti*fo"li*ous\, a. [Septi- + L. folium leaf.]
(Bot.)
Having seven leaves.
Septiform \Sep"ti*form\, a. [Septum + -form.]
Having the form of a septum.
Septifragal \Sep*tif"ra*gal\, a. [Septum + L. frangere, fractum,
to break.] (Bot.)
Breaking from the partitions; -- said of a method of
dehiscence in which the valves of a pod break away from the
partitions, and these remain attached to the common axis.
Septilateral \Sep`ti*lat"er*al\, a. [Septi- + lateral.]
Having seven sides; as, a septilateral figure.
Septillion \Sep*til"lion\, n. [F. septilion, formed fr. L.
septem seven, in imitation of million.]
According to the French method of numeration (which is
followed also in the United States), the number expressed by
a unit with twenty-four ciphers annexed. According to the
English method, the number expressed by a unit with forty-two
ciphers annexed. See {Numeration}.
Septimole \Sep"ti*mole\, n. [L. septem seven.] (Mus.)
A group of seven notes to be played in the time of four or
six.
Septinsular \Sep*tin"su*lar\, a. [Septi- + insular.]
Consisting of seven islands; as, the septinsular republic of
the Ionian Isles.
Septisyllable \Sep"ti*syl`la*ble\, n. [Septi- + syllable.]
A word of seven syllables.
Septoic \Sep*to"ic\, a. [L. septem seven.] (Chem.)
See {Heptoic}. [R.]
Septomaxillary \Sep`to*max"il*la*ry\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the nasal septum and the maxilla;
situated in the region of these parts. -- n. A small bone
between the nasal septum and the maxilla in many reptiles and
amphibians.
Septuagenarian \Sep`tu*a*ge*na"ri*an\, n.
A person who is seventy years of age; a septuagenary.
Septuagenary \Sep`tu*ag"e*na*ry\, a. [L. septuagenarius, fr.
septuageny seventy each; akin to septuaginta seventy, septem
seven. See {Seven}.]
Consisting of seventy; also, seventy years old. -- n. A
septuagenarian.
Septuagesima \Sep`tu*a*ges"i*ma\, n. [NL., fr. L. septuagesimus
the seventieth, fr. septuaginta seventy.] (Eccl.)
The third Sunday before Lent; -- so called because it is
about seventy days before Easter.
Septuagesimal \Sep`tu*a*ges"i*mal\, a.
Consisting of seventy days, years, etc.; reckoned by
seventies.
Our abridged and septuagesimal age. --Sir T.
Browne.
Septuagint \Sep"tu*a*gint\, n. [From L. septuaginta seventy.]
A Greek version of the Old Testament; -- so called because it
was believed to be the work of seventy (or rather of
seventy-two) translators.
Note: The causes which produced it [the Septuagint], the
number and names of the translators, the times at which
different portions were translated, are all uncertain.
The only point in which all agree is that Alexandria
was the birthplace of the version. On one other point
there is a near agreement, namely, as to time, that the
version was made, or at least commenced, in the time of
the early Ptolemies, in the first half of the third
century b.c. --Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)
{Septuagint chronology}, the chronology founded upon the
dates of the Septuagint, which makes 1500 years more from
the creation to Abraham than the Hebrew Bible.
Septuary \Sep"tu*a*ry\, n. [L. septem seven.]
Something composed of seven; a week. [R.] --Ash.
Septulate \Sep"tu*late\, a. [Dim. fr. septum.] (Bot.)
Having imperfect or spurious septa.
Septulum \Sep"tu*lum\, n.; pl. {Septula}. [NL., dim. of L.
septum septum.] (Anat.)
A little septum; a division between small cavities or parts.
Septum \Sep"tum\, n.; pl. {Septa}. [L. septum, saeptum, an
inclosure, hedge, fence, fr. sepire, saepire, to hedge in,
inclose.]
1. A wall separating two cavities; a partition; as, the nasal
septum.
2. (Bot.) A partition that separates the cells of a fruit.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the radial calcareous plates of a coral.
(b) One of the transverse partitions dividing the shell of
a mollusk, or of a rhizopod, into several chambers.
See Illust. under {Nautilus}.
(c) One of the transverse partitions dividing the body
cavity of an annelid.
Septuor \Sep"tu*or\, n. [F.] (Mus.)
A septet.
Septuple \Sep"tu*ple\, a. [LL. septuplus; cf. Gr. ?????:cf. F.
septuple. Cf. {Double}, {Quadruple}.]
Seven times as much; multiplied by seven; sevenfold.
Septuple \Sep"tu*ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Septupled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Septupling}.]
To multiply by seven; to make sevenfold. --Sir J. Herschel.
Sepulcher \Sep"ul*cher\, Sepulchre \Sep"ul*chre\, n. [OE.
sepulcre, OF. sepulcre, F. s['e]pulcre, fr. L. sepulcrum,
sepulchrum, fr. sepelire to bury.]
The place in which the dead body of a human being is
interred, or a place set apart for that purpose; a grave; a
tomb.
The stony entrance of this sepulcher. --Shak.
The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early,
when it was yet dark, unto the sepulcher. --John xx. 1.
{A whited sepulcher}. Fig.: Any person who is fair outwardly
but unclean or vile within. See --Matt. xxiii. 27.
Sepulcher \Sep"ul*cher\, Sepulchre \Sep"ul*chre\, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. {Sepulchered}or {Sepulchred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sepulchering}or {Sepulchring}.]
To bury; to inter; to entomb; as, obscurely sepulchered.
And so sepulchered in such pomp dost lie That kings for
such a tomb would wish to die. --Milton.
Sepulchral \Se*pul"chral\, a. [L. sepulcralis: cf. F.
s['e]pulcral.]
1. Of or pertaining to burial, to the grave, or to monuments
erected to the memory of the dead; as, a sepulchral stone;
a sepulchral inscription.
2. Unnaturally low and grave; hollow in tone; -- said of
sound, especially of the voice.
This exaggerated dulling of the voice . . . giving
what is commonly called a sepulchral tone. --H.
Sweet.
Sepulture \Sep"ul*ture\, n. [F. s['e]pulture, L. sepultura, fr.
sepelire, sepultum, to bury.]
1. The act of depositing the dead body of a human being in
the grave; burial; interment.
Where we may royal sepulture prepare. --Dryden.
2. A sepulcher; a grave; a place of burial.
Drunkeness that is the horrible sepulture of man's
reason. --Chaucer.
Sequacious \Se*qua"cious\, a. [L. sequax, -acis, fr. suquit to
follow. See {Sue} to follow. ]
1. Inclined to follow a leader; following; attendant.
Trees uprooted left their place, Sequacious of the
lyre. --Dryden.
2. Hence, ductile; malleable; pliant; manageable.
In the greater bodies the forge was easy, the matter
being ductile and sequacious. --Ray.
3. Having or observing logical sequence; logically consistent
and rigorous; consecutive in development or transition of
thought.
The scheme of pantheistic omniscience so prevalent
among the sequacious thinkers of the day. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Milton was not an extensive or discursive thinker,
as Shakespeare was; for the motions of his mind were
slow, solemn, and sequacious, like those of the
planets. --De Quincey.
Sequaciousness \Se*qua"cious*ness\, n.
Quality of being sequacious.
Sequacity \Se*quac"i*ty\, n. [L. sequacitas.]
Quality or state of being sequacious; sequaciousness.
--Bacon.
Sequel \Se"quel\ (s[=e]"kw[e^]l), n. [L. sequela, fr. sequit to
follow: cf. F. s['e]quelle a following. See {Sue} to follow.]
1. That which follows; a succeeding part; continuation; as,
the sequel of a man's advantures or history.
O, let me say no more! Gather the sequel by that
went before. --Shak.
2. Consequence; event; effect; result; as, let the sun cease,
fail, or swerve, and the sequel would be ruin.
3. Conclusion; inference. [R.] --Whitgift.
Sequela \Se*que"la\, n.; pl. {Sequel[ae]}. [L., a follower, a
result, from sequit to follow.]
One who, or that which, follows. Specifically:
(a) An adherent, or a band or sect of adherents. ``Coleridge
and his sequela.'' --G. P. Marsh.
(b) That which follows as the logical result of reasoning;
inference; conclusion; suggestion.
Sequel[ae], or thoughts suggested by the preceding
aphorisms. --Coleridge.
(c) (Med.) A morbid phenomenon left as the result of a
disease; a disease resulting from another.
Sequence \Se"quence\ (s[=e]"kwens), n. [F. s['e]quence, L.
sequentia, fr. sequens. See {Sequent}.]
1. The state of being sequent; succession; order of
following; arrangement.
How art thou a king But by fair sequence and
succession? --Shak.
Sequence and series of the seasons of the year.
--Bacon.
2. That which follows or succeeds as an effect; sequel;
consequence; result.
The inevitable sequences of sin and punishment.
--Bp. Hall.
3. (Philos.) Simple succession, or the coming after in time,
without asserting or implying causative energy; as, the
reactions of chemical agents may be conceived as merely
invariable sequences.
4. (Mus.)
(a) Any succession of chords (or harmonic phrase) rising
or falling by the regular diatonic degrees in the same
scale; a succession of similar harmonic steps.
(b) A melodic phrase or passage successively repeated one
tone higher; a rosalia.
5. (R.C.Ch.) A hymn introduced in the Mass on certain
festival days, and recited or sung immediately before the
gospel, and after the gradual or introit, whence the name.
--Bp. Fitzpatrick.
Originally the sequence was called a Prose, because
its early form was rhythmical prose. --Shipley.
6. (Card Playing)
(a) (Whist) Three or more cards of the same suit in
immediately consecutive order of value; as, ace, king,
and queen; or knave, ten, nine, and eight.
(b) (Poker) All five cards, of a hand, in consecutive
order as to value, but not necessarily of the same
suit; when of one suit, it is called a {sequence
flush}.
Sequent \Se"quent\, a. [L. sequens, -entis, p. pr. of sequi to
follow. See {Sue} to follow.]
1. Following; succeeding; in continuance.
What to this was sequent Thou knowest already.
--Shak.
2. Following as an effect; consequent.
Sequent \Se"quent\, n.
1. A follower. [R.] --Shak.
2. That which follows as a result; a sequence.
Sequential \Se*quen"tial\, a.
Succeeding or following in order. -- {Se*quen"tial*ly}, adv.
Sequester \Se*ques"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sequestered}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sequestering}.] [F. s['e]questrer, L.
sequestrare to give up for safe keeping, from sequester a
depositary or trustee in whose hands the thing contested was
placed until the dispute was settled. Cf. {Sequestrate}.]
1. (Law) To separate from the owner for a time; to take from
parties in controversy and put into the possession of an
indifferent person; to seize or take possession of, as
property belonging to another, and hold it till the
profits have paid the demand for which it is taken, or
till the owner has performed the decree of court, or
clears himself of contempt; in international law, to
confiscate.
Formerly the goods of a defendant in chancery were,
in the last resort, sequestered and detained to
enforce the decrees of the court. And now the
profits of a benefice are sequestered to pay the
debts of ecclesiastics. --Blackstone.
2. To cause (one) to submit to the process of sequestration;
to deprive (one) of one's estate, property, etc.
It was his tailor and his cook, his fine fashions
and his French ragouts, which sequestered him.
--South.
3. To set apart; to put aside; to remove; to separate from
other things.
I had wholly sequestered my civil affairss. --Bacon.
4. To cause to retire or withdraw into obscurity; to seclude;
to withdraw; -- often used reflexively.
When men most sequester themselves from action.
--Hooker.
A love and desire to sequester a man's self for a
higher conversation. --Bacon.
Sequester \Se*ques"ter\, v. i.
1. To withdraw; to retire. [Obs.]
To sequester out of the world into Atlantic and
Utopian politics. --Milton.
2. (Law) To renounce (as a widow may) any concern with the
estate of her husband.
Sequester \Se*ques"ter\, n.
1. Sequestration; separation. [R.]
2. (Law) A person with whom two or more contending parties
deposit the subject matter of the controversy; one who
mediates between two parties; a mediator; an umpire or
referee. --Bouvier.
3. (Med.) Same as {Sequestrum}.
Sequestered \Se*ques"tered\, a.
Retired; secluded. ``Sequestered scenes.'' --Cowper.
Along the cool, sequestered vale of life. --Gray.
Sequestrable \Se*ques"tra*ble\, a.
Capable of being sequestered; subject or liable to
sequestration.
Sequestral \Se*ques"tral\, a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to a sequestrum. --Quian.
Sequestrate \Se*ques"trate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sequestrated};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Sequestrating}.]
To sequester.
Seguestration \Seg`ues*tra"tion\, n. [L. sequestratio: cf. F.
s['e]questration.]
1.
(a) (Civil & Com. Law) The act of separating, or setting
aside, a thing in controversy from the possession of
both the parties that contend for it, to be delivered
to the one adjudged entitled to it. It may be
voluntary or involuntary.
(b) (Chancery) A prerogative process empowering certain
commissioners to take and hold a defendant's property
and receive the rents and profits thereof, until he
clears himself of a contempt or performs a decree of
the court.
(c) (Eccl. Law) A kind of execution for a rent, as in the
case of a beneficed clerk, of the profits of a
benefice, till he shall have satisfied some debt
established by decree; the gathering up of the fruits
of a benefice during a vacancy, for the use of the
next incumbent; the disposing of the goods, by the
ordinary, of one who is dead, whose estate no man will
meddle with. --Craig. --Tomlins. --Wharton.
(d) (Intrnat. Law) The seizure of the property of an
individual for the use of the state; particularly
applied to the seizure, by a belligerent power, of
debts due from its subjects to the enemy. --Burrill.
2. The state of being separated or set aside; separation;
retirement; seclusion from society.
Since Henry Monmouth first began to reign, . . .
This loathsome sequestration have I had. --Shak.
3. Disunion; disjunction. [Obs.] --Boyle.
Sequestrator \Seq"ues*tra`tor\, n. [L., one that hinders or
impedes.] (Law)
(a) One who sequesters property, or takes the possession
of it for a time, to satisfy a demand out of its rents
or profits.
(b) One to whom the keeping of sequestered property is
committed.
Sequestrum \Se*ques"trum\, n.; pl. {Sequestra}. [NL. See
{Sequester}.] (Med.)
A portion of dead bone which becomes separated from the sound
portion, as in necrosis.
Sequin \Se"quin\, n. [F. sequin, It. zecchino, from zecca the
mint, fr. Ar. sekkah, sikkah, a die, a stamp. Cf. {Zechin}.]
An old gold coin of Italy and Turkey. It was first struck at
Venice about the end of the 13th century, and afterward in
the other Italian cities, and by the Levant trade was
introduced into Turkey. It is worth about 9s. 3d. sterling,
or about $2.25. The different kinds vary somewhat in value.
[Written also {chequin}, and {zequin}.]
Sequoia \Se*quoi"a\, n. [NL. So called by Dr. Endlicher in honor
of Sequoyah, who invented the Cherokee alphabet.] (Bot.)
A genus of coniferous trees, consisting of two species,
{Sequoia Washingtoniana}, syn. {S. gigantea}, the ``big
tree'' of California, and {S. sempervirens}, the redwood,
both of which attain an immense height.
Sequoiene \Se*quoi"["e]ne\, n. (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon ({C13H10}) obtained in white fluorescent
crystals, in the distillation products of the needles of the
California ``big tree'' ({Sequoia gigantea}).
Seraglio \Se*ragl"io\, n. [It. serraglio, originally, an
inclosure of palisades, afterwards also, a palace, seraglio
(by confusion with Per. ser[=a]["i]a a palace, an entirely
different word), fr. serrare to shut, fr. LL. serra a bar for
fastening doors, L. sera. See {Serry}, {Series}.]
1. An inclosure; a place of separation. [Obs.]
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell as in a
suburb, by themselves. I passed by the piazza Judea,
where their seraglio begins. --Evelyn.
2. The palace of the Grand Seignior, or Turkish sultan, at
Constantinople, inhabited by the sultan himself, and all
the officers and dependents of his court. In it are also
kept the females of the harem.
3. A harem; a place for keeping wives or concubines;
sometimes, loosely, a place of licentious pleasure; a
house of debauchery.
Serai \Se*ra"i\, n. [Per. ser[=a]["i], or sar[=a]["i], a palace,
a king's court, a seraglio, an inn. Cf. {Caravansary}.]
A palace; a seraglio; also, in the East, a place for the
accommodation of travelers; a caravansary, or rest house.
Seralbumen \Ser`al*bu"men\, n. (Physiol. CHem.)
Serum albumin.
Serang \Se*rang"\, n. [Per. sarhang a commander.]
The boatswain of a Lascar or East Ondian crew.
Serape \Se*ra"pe\, n. [Sp. Amer. sarape.]
A blanket or shawl worn as an outer garment by the Spanish
Americans, as in Mexico.
Seraph \Ser"aph\, n.; pl. E. {Seraphs}, Heb. {Seraphim}. [Heb.
ser[=a]phim, pl.]
One of an order of celestial beings, each having three pairs
of wings. In ecclesiastical art and in poetry, a seraph is
represented as one of a class of angels. --Isa. vi. 2.
As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns, As the
rapt seraph that adores and burns. --Pope.
{Seraph moth} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
geometrid moths of the genus {Lobophora}, having the hind
wings deeply bilobed, so that they seem to have six wings.
Seraphic \Se*raph"ic\, Seraphical \Se*raph"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
s['e]raphique.]
Of or pertaining to a seraph; becoming, or suitable to, a
seraph; angelic; sublime; pure; refined. ``Seraphic arms and
trophies.'' --Milton. ``Seraphical fervor.'' --Jer. Taylor.
-- {Se*raph"ic*al*ly}, adv. -- {Se*raph"ic*al*ness}, n.
Seraphicism \Se*raph"i*cism\, n.
The character, quality, or state of a seraph; seraphicalness.
[R.] --Cudworth.
Seraphim \Ser"a*phim\, n.
The Hebrew plural of {Seraph}. Cf. {Cherubim}.
Note: The double plural form seraphims is sometimes used, as
in the King James version of the Bible, --Isa. vi. 2
and 6.
Seraphina \Ser`a*phi"na\, n. [NL.]
A seraphine.
Seraphine \Ser"a*phine\, n. [From {Seraph}.] (Mus.)
A wind instrument whose sounding parts are reeds, consisting
of a thin tongue of brass playing freely through a slot in a
plate. It has a case, like a piano, and is played by means of
a similar keybord, the bellows being worked by the foot. The
melodeon is a portable variety of this instrument.
Serapis \Se*ra"pis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???, ???.] (Myth.)
An Egyptian deity, at first a symbol of the Nile, and so of
fertility; later, one of the divinities of the lower world.
His worship was introduced into Greece and Rome.
Seraskier \Se*ras"kier\, n. [Turk., fr. Per. ser head, chief +
Ar. 'asker an army.]
A general or commander of land forces in the Turkish empire;
especially, the commander-in-chief of minister of war.
Seraskierate \Se*ras"kier*ate\, n.
The office or authority of a seraskier.
Serbonian \Ser*bo"ni*an\, a.
Relating to the lake of Serbonis in Egypt, which by reason of
the sand blowing into it had a deceptive appearance of being
solid land, but was a bog.
A gulf profound as that Serbonian bog . . . Where
armies whole have sunk. --Milton.
Sere \Sere\, a.
Dry; withered. Same as {Sear}.
But with its sound it shook the sails That were so thin
and sere. --Coleridge.
Sere \Sere\, n. [F. serre.]
Claw; talon. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Serein \Se*rein"\, n. [F. Cf. {Serenade}, n.] (Meteorol.)
A mist, or very fine rain, which sometimes falls from a clear
sky a few moments after sunset. --Tyndall.
Serenade \Ser`*enade"\, n. [F. s['e]r['e]nade, It. serenata,
probably fr. L. serenus serene (cf. {Serene}), misunderstood
as a derivative fr. L. serus late. Cf. {Soir['e]e}.] (Mus.)
(a) Music sung or performed in the open air at nights; --
usually applied to musical entertainments given in the
open air at night, especially by gentlemen, in a spirit
of gallantry, under the windows of ladies.
(b) A piece of music suitable to be performed at such times.
Serenade \Ser`e*nade"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Serenaded}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Serenading}.]
To entertain with a serenade.
Serenade \Ser`e*nade"\, v. i.
To perform a serenade.
Serenader \Ser`e*nad"er\, n.
One who serenades.
Serenata \Ser`e*na"ta\, Serenate \Ser"e*nate\, n. [It. serenata.
See {Serenade}.] (Mus.)
A piece of vocal music, especially one on an amoreus subject;
a serenade.
Or serenate, which the starved lover sings To his
pround fair. --Milton.
Note: The name serenata was given by Italian composers in the
time of Handel, and by Handel himself, to a cantata of
a pastoreal of dramatic character, to a secular ode,
etc.; also by Mozart and others to an orchectral
composition, in several movements, midway between the
suite of an earlier period and the modern symphony.
--Grove.
Serene \Se*rene"\, a. [L. serenus to grow dry, Gr. ??? hot,
scorching.]
1. Bright; clear; unabscured; as, a serene sky.
The moon serene in glory mounts the sky. --Pope.
Full many a gem of purest ray serene The dark
unfathomed caves of ocean bear. --Gray.
2. Calm; placid; undisturbed; unruffled; as, a serene aspect;
a serene soul. --Milton.
Note: In several countries of Europe, Serene is given as a
tittle to princes and the members of their families;
as, His Serene Highness.
{Drop serene}. (Med.) See {Amaurosis}. --Milton.
Serene \Se*rene"\, n.
1. Serenity; clearness; calmness. [Poetic.] ``The serene of
heaven.'' --Southey.
To their master is denied To share their sweet
serene. --Young.
2. [F. serein evening dew or damp. See {Serein}.] Evening
air; night chill. [Obs.] ``Some serene blast me.'' --B.
Jonson.
Serene \Se*rene"\, v. t. [L. serenare.]
To make serene.
Heaven and earth, as if contending, vie To raise his
being, and serene his soul. --Thomson.
Serenely \Se*rene"ly\, adv.
1. In a serene manner; clearly.
Now setting Ph[oe]bus shone serenely bright. --Pope.
2. With unruffled temper; coolly; calmly. --Prior.
Sereneness \Se*rene"ness\, n.
Serenity. --Feltham.
Serenitude \Se*ren"i*tude\, n.
Serenity. [Obs.]
Serenity \Se*ren"i*ty\, n. [L. serenuas: cf. F.
s['e]r['e]nit['e].]
1. The quality or state of being serene; clearness and
calmness; quietness; stillness; peace.
A general peace and serenity newly succeeded a
general trouble. --Sir W.
Temple.
2. Calmness of mind; eveness of temper; undisturbed state;
coolness; composure.
I can not see how any men should ever transgress
those moral rules with confidence and serenity.
--Locke.
Note: Serenity is given as a title to the members of certain
princely families in Europe; as, Your Serenity.
Serf \Serf\, n. [F., fr. L. serus servant, slave; akin to
servare to protect, preserve, observe, and perhaps
originally, a client, a man under one's protection. Cf.
{Serve}, v. t.]
A servant or slave employed in husbandry, and in some
countries attached to the soil and transferred with it, as
formerly in Russia.
In England, at least from the reign of Henry II, one
only, and that the inferior species [of villeins],
existed . . . But by the customs of France and Germany,
persons in this abject state seem to have been called
serfs, and distinguished from villeins, who were only
bound to fixed payments and duties in respect of their
lord, though, as it seems, without any legal redress if
injured by him. --Hallam.
Syn: {Serf}, {Slave}.
Usage: A slave is the absolute property of his master, and
may be sold in any way. A serf, according to the
strict sense of the term, is one bound to work on a
certain estate, and thus attached to the soil, and
sold with it into the service of whoever purchases the
land.
Serfage \Serf"age\, Serfdom \Serf"dom\, n.
The state or condition of a serf.
Serfhood \Serf"hood\, Serfism \Serf"ism\, n.
Serfage.
Serge \Serge\, n. [F. serge, sarge, originally, a silken stuff,
fr. L. serica, f. or neut. pl. of sericus silken. See
{Sericeous}, {Silk}.]
A woolen twilled stuff, much used as material for clothing
for both sexes.
{Silk serge}, a twilled silk fabric used mostly by tailors
for lining parts of gentlemen's coats.
Serge \Serge\, n. [F. cierge.]
A large wax candle used in the ceremonies of various
churches.
Sergeancy \Ser"gean*cy\, n.; pl. {Sergeancies}. [Cf.
{Sergeanty}.]
The office of a sergeant; sergeantship. [Written also
{serjeancy}.]
Sergeant \Ser"geant\, n. [F. sergent, fr. L. serviens, -entis,
p. pr. of servire to serve. See {Serve}, and cf. {Servant}.]
[Written also {serjeant}. Both spellings are authorized. In
England {serjeant} is usually preferred, except for military
officers. In the United States {sergeant} is common for civil
officers also.]
1. Formerly, in England, an officer nearly answering to the
more modern bailiff of the hundred; also, an officer whose
duty was to attend on the king, and on the lord high
steward in court, to arrest traitors and other offenders.
He is now called sergeant-at-arms, and two of these
officers, by allowance of the sovereign, attend on the
houses of Parliament (one for each house) to execute their
commands, and another attends the Court Chancery.
The sergeant of the town of Rome them sought.
--Chaucer.
The magistrates sent the serjeant, saying, Let those
men go. --Acts xvi.
35.
This fell sergeant, Death, Is strict in his arrest.
--Shak.
2. (Mil.) In a company, battery, or troop, a noncommissioned
officer next in rank above a corporal, whose duty is to
instruct recruits in discipline, to form the ranks, etc.
Note: In the United States service, besides the sergeants
belonging to the companies there are, in each regiment,
a sergeant major, who is the chief noncommissioned
officer, and has important duties as the assistant to
the adjutant; a quartermaster sergeant, who assists the
quartermaster; a color sergeant, who carries the
colors; and a commissary sergeant, who assists in the
care and distribution of the stores. Ordnance sergeants
have charge of the ammunition at military posts.
3. (Law) A lawyer of the highest rank, answering to the
doctor of the civil law; -- called also {serjeant at law}.
[Eng.] --Blackstone.
4. A title sometimes given to the servants of the sovereign;
as, sergeant surgeon, that is, a servant, or attendant,
surgeon. [Eng.]
5. (Zo["o]l.) The cobia.
{Drill sergeant}. (Mil.) See under {Drill}.
{Sergeant-at-arms}, an officer of a legislative body, or of a
deliberative or judicial assembly, who executes commands
in preserving order and arresting offenders. See
{Sergeant}, 1.
{Sergeant major}.
(a) (Mil.) See the Note under def. 2, above.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) The cow pilot.
Sergeantcy \Ser"geant*cy\, n.
Same as {Sergeancy}.
Sergeantry \Ser"geant*ry\, n. [CF. OF. sergenteric.]
See {Sergeanty}. [R.] [Written also {serjeantry}.]
Sergeantship \Ser"geant*ship\, n.
The office of sergeant.
Sergeanty \Ser"geant*y\, n. [Cf. OF. sergentie, LL. sergentia.
See {Sergeant}.] (Eng. Law)
Tenure of lands of the crown by an honorary kind of service
not due to any lord, but to the king only. [Written also
{serjeanty}.]
{Grand sergeanty}, a particular kind of tenure by which the
tenant was bound to do some special honorary service to
the king in person, as to carry his banner, his sword, or
the like. --Tomlins. --Cowell. --Blackstone.
{Petit sergeanty}. See under {Petit}.
Serial \Se"ri*al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a series; consisting of a series;
appearing in successive parts or numbers; as, a serial
work or publication. ``Classification . . . may be more or
less serial.'' --H. Spencer.
2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to rows. --Gray.
{Serial homology}. (Biol.) See under {Homology}.
{Serial symmetry}. (Biol.) See under {Symmetry}.
Serial \Se"ri*al\, n.
A publication appearing in a series or succession of part; a
tale, or other writing, published in successive numbers of a
periodical.
Seriality \Se`ri*al"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of succession in a series; sequence.
--H. Spenser.
Serially \Se"ri*al*ly\, adv.
In a series, or regular order; in a serial manner; as,
arranged serially; published serially.
Seriate \Se"ri*ate\, a.
Arranged in a series or succession; pertaining to a series.
-- {Se"ri*ate*ly}, adv.
Seriatim \Se`ri*a"tim\, adv. [NL.]
In regular order; one after the other; severally.
Seriation \Se`ri*a"tion\, n. (Chem.)
Arrangement or position in a series.
Sericeous \Se*ri"ceous\, a. [L. sericus silken, sericum Seric
stuff, silk, fr. Sericus belonging to the Seres, Gr. ???, a
people of Eastern Asia, the modern Chinese, celebrated for
their silken fabrics. Cf. {Silk}, {Serge} a woolen stuff.]
1. Of or pertaining to silk; consisting of silk; silky.
2. (Bot.) Covered with very soft hairs pressed close to the
surface; as, a sericeous leaf.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Having a silklike luster, usually due to fine,
close hairs.
Sericin \Ser"i*cin\, n. [L. sericus silken.] (Chem.)
A gelatinous nitrogenous material extracted from crude silk
and other similar fiber by boiling water; -- called also
{silk gelatin}.
Sericite \Ser"i*cite\, n. [L. sericus silken.] (Min.)
A kind of muscovite occuring in silky scales having a fibrous
structure. It is characteristic of sericite schist.
Sericterium \Ser`ic*te"ri*um\, n. [See {Sericeous}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A silk gland, as in the silkworms.
Sericulture \Ser"i*cul`ture\, n. [See {Sericeous}, and
{Culture}.]
The raising of silkworms.
Serie \Se"rie\, n. [Cf. F. s['e]rie.]
Series. [Obs.]
Seriema \Ser`i*e"ma\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large South American bird ({Dicholophus, or Cariama
cristata}) related to the cranes. It is often domesticated.
Called also {cariama}.
Series \Se"ries\, n. [L. series, fr. serere, sertum, to join or
bind together; cf. Gr. ??? to fasten, Skr. sarit thread. Cf.
{Assert}, {Desert} a solitude, {Exert}, {Insert},
{Seraglio}.]
1. A number of things or events standing or succeeding in
order, and connected by a like relation; sequence; order;
course; a succession of things; as, a continuous series of
calamitous events.
During some years his life a series of triumphs.
--Macaulay.
2. (Biol.) Any comprehensive group of animals or plants
including several subordinate related groups.
Note: Sometimes a series includes several classes; sometimes
only orders or families; in other cases only species.
3. (Math.) An indefinite number of terms succeeding one
another, each of which is derived from one or more of the
preceding by a fixed law, called the law of the series;
as, an arithmetical series; a geometrical series.
Serin \Ser"in\, n. [F. serin.] (Zo["o]l.)
A European finch ({Serinus hortulanus}) closely related to
the canary.
Serine \Ser"ine\, n. [L. sericus silken.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline nitrogenous substance obtained by the
action of dilute sulphuric acid on silk gelatin
.
Serio-comic \Se`ri*o-com"ic\, Serio-comical \Se`ri*o-com"ic*al\,
a.
Having a mixture of seriousness and sport; serious and
comical.
Serious \Se"ri*ous\, a. [L. serius: cf. F. s['e]rieux, LL.
seriosus.]
1. Grave in manner or disposition; earnest; thoughtful;
solemn; not light, gay, or volatile.
He is always serious, yet there is about his manner
a graceful ease. --Macaulay.
2. Really intending what is said; being in earnest; not
jesting or deceiving. --Beaconsfield.
3. Important; weighty; not trifling; grave.
The holy Scriptures bring to our ears the most
serious things in the world. --Young.
4. Hence, giving rise to apprehension; attended with danger;
as, a serious injury.
Syn: Grave; solemn; earnest; sedate; important; weighty. See
{Grave}. -- {Se"ri*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Se"ri*ous*ness}, n.
Seriph \Ser"iph\, n. (Type Founding)
See {Ceriph}.
Serjeant \Ser"jeant\, Serjeantcy \Ser"jeant*cy\, etc.
See {Sergeant}, {Sergeantcy}, etc.
{Serjeant-at-arms}. See {Sergeant-at-arms}, under {Sergeant}.
Sermocination \Ser*moc`i*na"tion\, n. [L. sermocinatio. See
{Sermon}.]
The making of speeches or sermons; sermonizing. [Obs.]
--Peacham.
Sermocinator \Ser*moc"i*na`tor\, n. [L.]
One who makes sermons or speeches. [Obs.] --Howell.
Sermon \Ser"mon\, n. [OE. sermoun, sermun, F. sermon, fr. L.
sermo, -onis, a speaking, discourse, probably fr. serer,
sertum, to join, connect; hence, a connected speech. See
{Series}.]
1. A discourse or address; a talk; a writing; as, the sermons
of Chaucer. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Specifically, a discourse delivered in public, usually by
a clergyman, for the purpose of religious instruction and
grounded on some text or passage of Scripture.
This our life exempt from public haunts Finds
tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones and good in everything. --Shak.
His preaching much, but more his practice, wrought,
A living sermon of the truths he taught. --Dryden.
3. Hence, a serious address; a lecture on one's conduct or
duty; an exhortation or reproof; a homily; -- often in a
depreciatory sense.
Sermon \Ser"mon\, v. i. [Cf. OF. sermoner, F. sermonner to
lecture one.]
To speak; to discourse; to compose or deliver a sermon.
[Obs.] --Holinshed.
What needeth it to sermon of it more? --Chaucer.
Sermon \Ser"mon\, v. t.
1. To discourse to or of, as in a sermon. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. To tutor; to lecture. [Poetic] --Shak.
Sermoneer \Ser`mon*eer"\, n.
A sermonizer. --B. Jonson.
Sermoner \Ser"mon*er\, n.
A preacher; a sermonizer. [Derogative or Jocose.]
--Thackeray.
Sermonet \Ser`mon*et"\, n.
A short sermon. [Written also {sermonette}.]
Sermonic \Ser*mon"ic\, Sermonical \Ser*mon"ic*al\, a.
Like, or appropriate to, a sermon; grave and didactic. [R.]
``Conversation . . . satirical or sermonic.'' --Prof. Wilson.
``Sermonical style.'' --V. Knox.
Sermoning \Ser"mon*ing\, n.
The act of discoursing; discourse; instruction; preaching.
[Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sermonish \Ser"mon*ish\, a.
Resembling a sermon. [R.]
Sermonist \Ser"mon*ist\, n.
See {Sermonizer}.
Sermonize \Ser"mon*ize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sermonized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sermonizing}.]
1. To compose or write a sermon or sermons; to preach.
2. To inculcate rigid rules. [R.] --Chesterfield.
Sermonize \Ser"mon*ize\, v. t.
To preach or discourse to; to affect or influence by means of
a sermon or of sermons. [R.]
Which of us shall sing or sermonize the other fast
asleep? --Landor.
Sermonizer \Ser"mon*i`zer\, n.
One who sermonizes.
Serolin \Ser"o*lin\, n. [Serum + L. oleum oil.] (Physiol. Chem.)
(a) A peculiar fatty substance found in the blood, probably a
mixture of fats, cholesterin, etc.
(b) A body found in fecal matter and thought to be formed in
the intestines from the cholesterin of the bile; --
called also {stercorin}, and {stercolin}.
Seron \Se*ron"\, Seroon \Se*roon"\, n. [Sp. seron a kind of
hamper or pannier, aug. of sera a large pannier or basket.]
Same as {Ceroon}.
Note: This word as expressing a quantity or weight has no
definite signification. --McElrath.
Serose \Se"rose`\, a.
Serous. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Serosity \Se*ros"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. serosit['e]. See {Serous}.]
1. The quality or state of being serous.
2. (Physiol.) A thin watery animal fluid, as synovial fluid
and pericardial fluid.
Serotine \Ser"o*tine\, n. [F. s['e]rotine, fr. L. serotinus that
comes or happens late.] (Zo["o]l.)
The European long-eared bat ({Vesperugo serotinus}).
Serotinous \Se*rot"i*nous\, a. [L. serotinus, fr. serus late.]
(Biol.)
Appearing or blossoming later in the season than is customary
with allied species.
Serous \Se"rous\, a. [Cf. F. s['e]reux. See {Serum}.] (Physiol.)
(a) Thin; watery; like serum; as the serous fluids.
(b) Of or pertaining to serum; as, the serous glands,
membranes, layers. See {Serum}.
{Serous membrane}. (Anat.) See under {Membrane}.
Serow \Ser"ow\, Surrow \Sur"row\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The thar.
Serpens \Ser"pens\, n. [L. See {Serpent}.] (Astron.)
A constellation represented as a serpent held by
Serpentarius.
Serpent \Ser"pent\, n. [F., fr. L. serpens, -entis (sc. bestia),
fr. serpens, p. pr. of serpere to creep; akin to Gr. ???,
Skr. sarp, and perhaps to L. repere, E. reptile. Cf.
{Herpes}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any reptile of the order Ophidia; a snake,
especially a large snake. See Illust. under {Ophidia}.
Note: The serpents are mostly long and slender, and move
partly by bending the body into undulations or folds
and pressing them against objects, and partly by using
the free edges of their ventral scales to cling to
rough surfaces. Many species glide swiftly over the
ground, some burrow in the earth, others live in trees.
A few are entirely aquatic, and swim rapidly. See
{Ophidia}, and {Fang}.
2. Fig.: A subtle, treacherous, malicious person.
3. A species of firework having a serpentine motion as it
passess through the air or along the ground.
4. (Astron.) The constellation Serpens.
5. (Mus.) A bass wind instrument, of a loud and coarse tone,
formerly much used in military bands, and sometimes
introduced into the orchestra; -- so called from its form.
{Pharaoh's serpent} (Chem.), mercuric sulphocyanate, a
combustible white substance which in burning gives off a
poisonous vapor and leaves a peculiar brown voluminous
residue which is expelled in a serpentine from. It is
employed as a scientific toy.
{Serpent cucumber} (Bot.), the long, slender, serpentine
fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant {Trichosanthes
colubrina}; also, the plant itself.
{Serpent eage} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
raptorial birds of the genera {Circa["e]tus} and
{Spilornis}, which prey on serpents. They inhabit Africa,
Southern Europe, and India. The European serpent eagle is
{Circa["e]tus Gallicus}.
{Serpent eater}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The secretary bird.
(b) An Asiatic antelope; the markhoor.
{Serpent fish} (Zo["o]l.), a fish ({Cepola rubescens}) with a
long, thin, compressed body, and a band of red running
lengthwise.
{Serpent star} (Zo["o]l.), an ophiuran; a brittle star.
{Serpent's tongue} (Paleon.), the fossil tooth of a shark; --
so called from its resemblance to a tongue with its root.
{Serpent withe} (Bot.), a West Indian climbing plant
({Aristolochia odoratissima}).
{Tree serpent} (Zo["o]l.), any species of African serpents
belonging to the family {Dendrophid[ae]}.
Serpent \Ser"pent\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Serpented}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Serpenting}.]
To wind like a serpent; to crook about; to meander. [R.]
``The serpenting of the Thames.'' --Evelyn.
Serpent \Ser"pent\, v. t.
To wind; to encircle. [R.] --Evelyn.
Serpentaria \Ser`pen*ta"ri*a\, a.[L. (sc. herba), fr. serpens
serpent.] (Med.)
The fibrous aromatic root of the Virginia snakeroot
({Aristolochia Serpentaria}).
Serpentarius \Ser`pen*ta"ri*us\, n.[NL., fr. L. serpens
serpent.] (Astron.)
A constellation on the equator, lying between Scorpio and
Hercules; -- called also {Ophiuchus}.
Serpentiform \Ser*pen"ti*form\, a. [L. serpens a serpent +
-form.]
Having the form of a serpent.
Serpentigenous \Ser`pen*tig"e*nous\, a. [L. serpens, -entis, a
serpent + -genous: cf. L. serpentigena.]
Bred of a serpent.
Serpentine \Ser"pen*tine\, a. [L. serpentinus: cf. F.
serpentin.]
Resembling a serpent; having the shape or qualities of a
serpent; subtle; winding or turning one way and the other,
like a moving serpent; anfractuous; meandering; sinuous;
zigzag; as, serpentine braid.
Thy shape Like his, and color serpentine. --Milton.
Serpentine \Ser"pen*tine\, n. [Cf. (for sense 1) F. serpentine,
(for sense 2) serpentin.]
1. (Min.) A mineral or rock consisting chiefly of the hydrous
silicate of magnesia. It is usually of an obscure green
color, often with a spotted or mottled appearance
resembling a serpent's skin. Precious, or noble,
serpentine is translucent and of a rich oil-green color.
Note: Serpentine has been largely produced by the alteration
of other minerals, especially of chrysolite.
2. (Ordnance) A kind of ancient cannon.
Serpentine \Ser"pen*tine\, v. i.
To serpentize. [R.] --Lyttleton.
Serpentinely \Ser"pen*tine*ly\, adv.
In a serpentine manner.
Serpentinian \Ser`pen*tin"i*an\, n. (Eccl.)
See 2d {Ophite}.
Serpentinize \Ser"pen*tin*ize\, v. t. (Min.)
To convert (a magnesian silicate) into serpentine. --
{Ser`pen*tin`i*za"tion}, n.
Serpentinous \Ser"pen*ti`nous\, a.
Relating to, or like, serpentine; as, a rock serpentinous in
character.
Serpentize \Ser"pent*ize\, v. i.
To turn or bend like a serpent, first in one direction and
then in the opposite; to meander; to wind; to serpentine.
[R.]
The river runs before the door, and serpentizes more
than you can conceive. --Walpole.
Serpentry \Ser"pent*ry\, n.
1. A winding like a serpent's.
2. A place inhabited or infested by serpents.
Serpent-tongued \Ser"pent-tongued`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a forked tongue, like a serpent.
Serpet \Ser"pet\, n. [L. sirpus, scirpus, a rush, bulrush.]
A basket. [Obs.] --Ainsworth.
Serpette \Ser*pette"\, n. [F.]
A pruning knife with a curved blade. --Knight.
Serpiginous \Ser*pig"i*nous\, a. [Cf. F. serpigineux.] (Med.)
Creeping; -- said of lesions which heal over one portion
while continuing to advance at another.
Serpigo \Ser*pi"go\, n. [LL., fr. L. serpere to creep.] (Med.)
A dry, scaly eruption on the skin; especially, a ringworm.
Serpolet \Ser"po*let\, n. [F.] (Bot.)
Wild thyme.
Serpula \Ser"pu*la\, n.; pl. {Serpul[ae]}, E. {Serpulas}. [L., a
little snake. See {Serpent}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of tubicolous annelids of the
genus {Serpula} and allied genera of the family
{Serpulid[ae]}. They secrete a calcareous tube, which is
usually irregularly contorted, but is sometimes spirally
coiled. The worm has a wreath of plumelike and often
bright-colored gills around its head, and usually an
operculum to close the aperture of its tube when it retracts.
Serpulian \Ser*pu"li*an\, Serpulidan \Ser*pu"li*dan\, n.
(Zo["o]l.)
A serpula.
Serpulite \Ser"pu*lite\, n.
A fossil serpula shell.
Serr \Serr\, v. t. [F. serrer. See {Serry}.]
To crowd, press, or drive together. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Serranoid \Ser*ra"noid\, n. [NL. Serranus, a typical genus (fr.
L. serra a saw) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any fish of the family {Serranid[ae]}, which includes the
striped bass, the black sea bass, and many other food fishes.
-- a. (Zo["o]l.) Of or pertaining to the {Serranid[ae]}.
Serrate \Ser"rate\, Serrated \Ser"ra*ted\, a. [L. serratus, fr.
serra a saw; perhaps akin to secare to cut, E. saw a cutting
instrument. Cf. {Sierra}.]
1. Notched on the edge, like a saw.
2. (Bot.) Beset with teeth pointing forwards or upwards; as,
serrate leaves.
{Doubly serrate}, having small serratures upon the large
ones, as the leaves of the elm.
{Serrate-ciliate}, having fine hairs, like the eyelashes, on
the serratures; -- said of a leaf.
{Serrate-dentate}, having the serratures toothed.
Serration \Ser*ra"tion\, n.
1. Condition of being serrate; formation in the shape of a
saw.
2. One of the teeth in a serrate or serrulate margin.
Serratirostral \Ser*ra`ti*ros"tral\, a. [Serrate + rostral.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having a toothed bill, like that of a toucan.
Serrator \Ser*ra"tor\, n. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
The ivory gull ({Larus eburneus}).
Serrature \Ser"ra*ture\, n. [L. serratura a sawing, fr. serrare
to saw.]
1. A notching, like that between the teeth of a saw, in the
edge of anything. --Martyn.
2. One of the teeth in a serrated edge; a serration.
Serricated \Ser"ri*ca`ted\, a. [See {Sericeous}.]
Covered with fine silky down.
Serricorn \Ser"ri*corn\, a. [L. serra saw + cornu horn.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having serrated antenn?.
Serricorn \Ser"ri*corn\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of a numerous tribe of beetles ({Serricornia}). The
joints of the antenn[ae] are prominent, thus producing a
serrate appearance. See Illust. under {Antenna}.
Serried \Ser"ried\, a. [See {Serry}.]
Crowded; compact; dense; pressed together.
Nor seemed it to relax their serried files. --Milton.
Serrifera \Ser*rif"e*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. serra saw + ferre
to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Hymenoptera comprising the sawflies.
Serrirostres \Ser`ri*ros"tres\, n. pl. [NL. fr. L. serra saw +
rostrum beak.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Lamellirostres}.
Serrous \Ser"rous\, a. [L. serra a saw.]
Like the teeth off a saw; jagged. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Serrula \Ser"ru*la\, n. [L., a little saw.] (Zo["o]l.)
The red-breasted merganser.
Serrulate \Ser"rulate\, Serrulated \Ser"ru*la`ted\, a. [L.
serrula a little saw, dim. of serra a saw.]
Finely serrate; having very minute teeth.
Serrulation \Ser`ru*la"tion\, n.
1. The state of being notched minutely, like a fine saw.
--Wright.
2. One of the teeth in a serrulate margin.
Serry \Ser"ry\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Serried}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Serrying}.] [F. serrer, LL. serrare, serare, from L. sera a
bar, bolt; akin to serere to join or bind together. See
{Serries}.]
To crowd; to press together.
Note: [Now perhaps only in the form serried, p. p. or a.]
Sertularia \Ser`tu*la"ri*a\, n. [NL., dim. fr. L. serta a
garland.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of delicate branching hydroids having small sessile
hydrothec[ae] along the sides of the branches.
Sertularian \Ser`tu*la"ri*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of Sertularia, or of {Sertularid[ae]}, a family
of hydroids having branched chitinous stems and simple
sessile hydrothec[ae]. Also used adjectively.
Serum \Se"rum\ (s[=e]"r[u^]m), n. [L., akin to Gr. ???, Skr.
s[=a]ra curd.] (Physiol.)
(a) The watery portion of certain animal fluids, as blood,
milk, etc.
(b) A thin watery fluid, containing more or less albumin,
secreted by the serous membranes of the body, such as the
pericardium and peritoneum.
{Blood serum}, the pale yellowish fluid which exudes from the
clot formed in the coagulation of the blood; the liquid
portion of the blood, after removal of the blood
corpuscles and the fibrin.
{Muscle serum}, the thin watery fluid which separates from
the muscles after coagulation of the muscle plasma; the
watery portion of the plasma. See {Muscle plasma}, under
{Plasma}.
{Serum albumin} (Physiol. Chem.), an albuminous body, closely
related to egg albumin, present in nearly all serous
fluids; esp., the albumin of blood serum.
{Serum globulin} (Physiol. Chem.), paraglobulin.
{Serum of milk} (Physiol. Chem.), the whey, or fluid portion
of milk, remaining after removal of the casein and fat.
Servable \Serv"a*ble\, a. [See {Serve}.]
1. Capable of being served.
2. [L. servabilis.] Capable of being preserved. [R.]
Servage \Serv"age\, n. [Cf. F. servage.]
Serfage; slavery; servitude. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Serval \Ser"val\, n. [Cf. F. serval.] (Zo["o]l.)
An African wild cat ({Felis serval}) of moderate size. It has
rather long legs and a tail of moderate length. Its color is
tawny, with black spots on the body and rings of black on the
tail.
Servaline \Ser"val*ine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Related to, or resembling, the serval.
Servant \Serv"ant\, n. [OE. servant, servaunt, F. servant, a &
p. pr. of servir to serve, L. servire. See {Serve}, and cf.
{Sergeant}.]
1. One who serves, or does services, voluntarily or on
compulsion; a person who is employed by another for menial
offices, or for other labor, and is subject to his
command; a person who labors or exerts himself for the
benefit of another, his master or employer; a subordinate
helper. ``A yearly hired servant.'' --Lev. xxv. 53.
Men in office have begun to think themselves mere
agents and servants of the appointing power, and not
agents of the government or the country. --D.
Webster.
Note: In a legal sense, stewards, factors, bailiffs, and
other agents, are servants for the time they are
employed in such character, as they act in
subordination to others. So any person may be legally
the servant of another, in whose business, and under
whose order, direction, and control, he is acting for
the time being. --Chitty.
2. One in a state of subjection or bondage.
Thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt. --Deut. v.
15.
3. A professed lover or suitor; a gallant. [Obs.]
In my time a servant was I one. --Chaucer.
{Servant of servants}, one debased to the lowest condition of
servitude.
{Your humble servant}, or {Your obedient servant}, phrases of
civility often used in closing a letter.
Our betters tell us they are our humble servants,
but understand us to be their slaves. --Swift.
Servant \Serv"ant\, v. t.
To subject. [Obs.] --Shak.
Servantess \Serv"ant*ess\, n.
A maidservant. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Servantry \Serv"ant*ry\, n.
A body of servants; servants, collectively. [R.]
Serve \Serve\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Served}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Serving}.] [OE. serven, servien, OF. & F. servir, fr. L.
servire; akin to servus a servant or slave, servare to
protect, preserve, observe; cf. Zend har to protect, haurva
protecting. Cf. {Conserve}, {Desert} merit, {Dessert},
{Observe}, {Serf}, {Sergeant}.]
1. To work for; to labor in behalf of; to exert one's self
continuously or statedly for the benefit of; to do service
for; to be in the employment of, as an inferior, domestic,
serf, slave, hired assistant, official helper, etc.;
specifically, in a religious sense, to obey and worship.
God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit.
--Rom. i. 9.
Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee
seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter. --Gen.
xxix. 18.
No man can serve two masters. --Matt. vi.
24.
Had I but served my God with half the zeal I served
my king, he would not in mine age Have left me naked
to mine enemies. --Shak.
2. To be subordinate to; to act a secondary part under; to
appear as the inferior of; to minister to.
Bodies bright and greater should not serve The less
not bright. --Milton.
3. To be suitor to; to profess love to. [Obs.]
To serve a lady in his beste wise. --Chaucer.
4. To wait upon; to supply the wants of; to attend;
specifically, to wait upon at table; to attend at meals;
to supply with food; as, to serve customers in a shop.
Others, pampered in their shameless pride, Are
served in plate and in their chariots ride.
--Dryden.
5. Hence, to bring forward, arrange, deal, or distribute, as
a portion of anything, especially of food prepared for
eating; -- often with up; formerly with in.
Bid them cover the table, serve in the meat, and we
will come in to dinner. --Shak.
Some part he roasts, then serves it up so dressed.
--Dryde.
6. To perform the duties belonging to, or required in or for;
hence, to be of use to; as, a curate may serve two
churches; to serve one's country.
7. To contribute or conduce to; to promote; to be sufficient
for; to satisfy; as, to serve one's turn.
Turn it into some advantage, by observing where it
can serve another end. --Jer. Taylor.
8. To answer or be (in the place of something) to; as, a sofa
serves one for a seat and a couch.
9. To treat; to behave one's self to; to requite; to act
toward; as, he served me very ill.
10. To work; to operate; as, to serve the guns.
11. (Law)
(a) To bring to notice, deliver, or execute, either
actually or constructively, in such manner as the law
requires; as, to serve a summons.
(b) To make legal service opon (a person named in a writ,
summons, etc.); as, to serve a witness with a
subp[oe]na.
12. To pass or spend, as time, esp. time of punishment; as,
to serve a term in prison.
13. To copulate with; to cover; as, a horse serves a mare; --
said of the male.
14. (Tennis) To lead off in delivering (the ball).
15. (Naut.) To wind spun yarn, or the like, tightly around (a
rope or cable, etc.) so as to protect it from chafing or
from the weather. See under {Serving}.
{To serve an attachment} or {a writ of attachment} (Law), to
levy it on the person or goods by seizure, or to seize.
{To serve an execution} (Law), to levy it on a lands, goods,
or person, by seizure or taking possession.
{To serve an office}, to discharge a public duty.
{To serve a process} (Law), in general, to read it, so as to
give due notice to the party concerned, or to leave an
attested copy with him or his attorney, or his usual place
of abode.
{To serve a warrant}, to read it, and seize the person
against whom it is issued.
{To serve a writ} (Law), to read it to the defendant, or to
leave an attested copy at his usual place of abode.
{To serve one out}, to retaliate upon; to requite. ``I'll
serve you out for this.'' --C. Kingsley.
{To serve one right}, to treat, or cause to befall one,
according to his deserts; -- used commonly of ill deserts;
as, it serves the scoundrel right.
{To serve one's self of}, to avail one's self of; to make use
of. [A Gallicism]
I will serve myself of this concession.
--Chillingworth.
{To serve out}, to distribute; as, to serve out rations.
{To serve the time} or {the hour}, to regulate one's actions
by the requirements of the time instead of by one's duty;
to be a timeserver. [Obs.]
They think herein we serve the time, because thereby
we either hold or seek preferment. --Hooker.
Syn: To obey; minister to; subserve; promote; aid; help;
assist; benefit; succor.
Serve \Serve\, v. i.
1. To be a servant or a slave; to be employed in labor or
other business for another; to be in subjection or
bondage; to render menial service.
The Lord shall give thee rest . . . from the hard
bondage wherein thou wast made to serve. --Isa. xiv.
3.
2. To perform domestic offices; to be occupied with household
affairs; to prepare and dish up food, etc.
But Martha . . . said, Lord, dost thou not care that
my sister hath left me to serve alone? --Luke x. 40.
3. To be in service; to do duty; to discharge the
requirements of an office or employment. Specifically, to
act in the public service, as a soldier, seaman. etc.
Many . . . who had before been great commanders, but
now served as private gentlemen without pay.
--Knolles.
4. To be of use; to answer a purpose; to suffice; to suit; to
be convenient or favorable.
This little brand will serve to light your fire.
--Dryden.
As occasion serves, this noble queen And prince
shall follow with a fresh supply. --Shak.
5. (Tennis) To lead off in delivering the ball.
Server \Serv"er\, n.
1. One who serves.
2. A tray for dishes; a salver. --Randolph.
Servian \Ser"vi*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Servia, a kingdom of Southern Europe. --
n. A native or inhabitant of Servia.
Service \Serv"ice\, n., or Service \Serv"ice\ [Properly, the
tree which bears serve, OE. serves, pl., service berries, AS.
syrfe service tree; akin to L. sorbus.] (Bot.)
A name given to several trees and shrubs of the genus
{Pyrus}, as {Pyrus domestica} and {P. torminalis} of Europe,
the various species of mountain ash or rowan tree, and the
American shad bush (see {Shad bush}, under {Shad}). They have
clusters of small, edible, applelike berries.
{Service berry} (Bot.), the fruit of any kind of service
tree. In British America the name is especially applied to
that of the several species or varieties of the shad bush
({Amelanchier}.)
Service \Serv"ice\, n. [OE. servise, OF. servise, service, F.
service, from L. servitium. See {Serve}.]
1. The act of serving; the occupation of a servant; the
performance of labor for the benefit of another, or at
another's command; attendance of an inferior, hired
helper, slave, etc., on a superior, employer, master, or
the like; also, spiritual obedience and love. ``O God . .
. whose service is perfect freedom.'' --Bk. of Com.
Prayer.
Madam, I entreat true peace of you, Which I will
purchase with my duteous service. --Shak.
God requires no man's service upon hard and
unreasonable terms. --Tillotson.
2. The deed of one who serves; labor performed for another;
duty done or required; office.
I have served him from the hour of my nativity, . .
. and have nothing at his hands for my service but
blows. --Shak.
This poem was the last piece of service I did for my
master, King Charles. --Dryden.
To go on the forlorn hope is a service of peril; who
will understake it if it be not also a service of
honor? --Macaulay.
3. Office of devotion; official religious duty performed;
religious rites appropriate to any event or ceremonial;
as, a burial service.
The outward service of ancient religion, the rites,
ceremonies, and ceremonial vestments of the old law.
--Coleridge.
4. Hence, a musical composition for use in churches.
5. Duty performed in, or appropriate to, any office or
charge; official function; hence, specifically, military
or naval duty; performance of the duties of a soldier.
When he cometh to experience of service abroad . . .
ne maketh a worthy soldier. --Spenser.
6. Useful office; advantage conferred; that which promotes
interest or happiness; benefit; avail.
The stork's plea, when taken in a net, was the
service she did in picking up venomous creatures.
--L'Estrange.
7. Profession of respect; acknowledgment of duty owed.
``Pray, do my service to his majesty.'' --Shak.
8. The act and manner of bringing food to the persons who eat
it; order of dishes at table; also, a set or number of
vessels ordinarily used at table; as, the service was
tardy and awkward; a service of plate or glass.
There was no extraordinary service seen on the
board. --Hakewill.
9. (Law) The act of bringing to notice, either actually or
constructively, in such manner as is prescribed by law;
as, the service of a subp[oe]na or an attachment.
10. (Naut.) The materials used for serving a rope, etc., as
spun yarn, small lines, etc.
11. (Tennis) The act of serving the ball.
12. Act of serving or covering. See {Serve}, v. t., 13.
{Service book}, a prayer book or missal.
{Service line} (Tennis), a line parallel to the net, and at a
distance of 21 feet from it.
{Service of a writ}, {process}, etc. (Law), personal delivery
or communication of the writ or process, etc., to the
party to be affected by it, so as to subject him to its
operation; the reading of it to the person to whom notice
is intended to be given, or the leaving of an attested
copy with the person or his attorney, or at his usual
place of abode.
{Service of an attachment} (Law), the seizing of the person
or goods according to the direction.
{Service of an execution} (Law), the levying of it upon the
goods, estate, or person of the defendant.
{Service pipe}, a pipe connecting mains with a dwelling, as
in gas pipes, and the like. --Tomlinson.
{To accept service}. (Law) See under {Accept}.
{To see service} (Mil.), to do duty in the presence of the
enemy, or in actual war.
Serviceable \Serv"ice*a*ble\, a.
1. Doing service; promoting happiness, interest, advantage,
or any good; useful to any end; adapted to any good end
use; beneficial; advantageous. ``Serviceable to religion
and learning''. --Atterbury. ``Serviceable tools.''
--Macaulay.
I know thee well, a serviceable villain. --Shak.
2. Prepared for rendering service; capable of, or fit for,
the performance of duty; hence, active; diligent.
Courteous he was, lowly, and servysable. --Chaucer.
Bright-hearnessed angels sit in order serviceable.
--Milton.
Seeing her so sweet and serviceable. --Tennnyson.
-- {Serv"ice*a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Serv"ice*a*bly}, adv.
Serviceage \Serv"ice*age\, n.
Servitude. [Obs.] --Fairfax.
Servient \Serv"i*ent\, a. [L. serviens, -entis, p. pr. See
{Serve}.]
Subordinate. [Obs. except in law.] --Dyer.
{Servient tenement} or {estate} (Law), that on which the
burden of a servitude or an easement is imposed. Cf.
Dominant estate, under {Dominant}. --Gale & Whately.
Serviette \Ser`viette"\, n. [F.]
A table napkin.
Servile \Serv"ile\, a. [L. servile, fr. servus a servant or
slave: cf. F. servile. See {Serve}.]
1. Of or pertaining to a servant or slave; befitting a
servant or a slave; proceeding from dependence; hence,
meanly submissive; slavish; mean; cringing; fawning; as,
servile flattery; servile fear; servile obedience.
She must bend the servile knee. --Thomson.
Fearing dying pays death servile breath. --Shak.
2. Held in subjection; dependent; enslaved.
Even fortune rules no more, O servile land! --Pope.
3. (Gram.)
(a) Not belonging to the original root; as, a servile
letter.
(b) Not itself sounded, but serving to lengthen the
preceeding vowel, as e in tune.
Servile \Serv"ile\, n. (Gram.)
An element which forms no part of the original root; --
opposed to {radical}.
Servilely \Serv"ile*ly\, adv.
In a servile manner; slavishly.
Servileness \Serv"ile*ness\, n.
Quality of being servile; servility.
Servility \Ser*vil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. servilit['e].]
The quality or state of being servile; servileness.
To be a queen in bondage is more vile Than is a slave
in base servility. --Shak.
Serving \Serv"ing\,
a. & n. from {Serve}.
{Serving board} (Naut.), a flat piece of wood used in serving
ropes.
{Serving maid}, a female servant; a maidservant.
{Serving mallet} (Naut.), a wooden instrument shaped like a
mallet, used in serving ropes.
{Serving man}, a male servant, or attendant; a manservant.
{Serving stuff} (Naut.), small lines for serving ropes.
Servite \Serv"ite\, n. [It. servita.] (R.C.Ch.)
One of the order of the Religious Servants of the Holy
Virgin, founded in Florence in 1223.
Servifor \Serv"i*for\, n. [L., fr. servire to serve: cf. F.
serviteur.]
1. One who serves; a servant; an attendant; one who acts
under another; a follower or adherent.
Your trusty and most valiant servitor. --Shak.
2. (Univ. of Oxford, Eng.) An undergraduate, partly supported
by the college funds, whose duty it formerly was to wait
at table. A servitor corresponded to a sizar in Cambridge
and Dublin universities.
Servitorship \Serv"i*tor*ship\, n.
The office, rank, or condition of a servitor. --Boswell.
Servitude \Serv"i*tude\, n. [L. servitudo: cf. F. servitude.]
1. The state of voluntary or compulsory subjection to a
master; the condition of being bound to service; the
condition of a slave; slavery; bondage; hence, a state of
slavish dependence.
You would have sold your king to slaughter, His
princes and his peers to servitude. --Shak.
A splendid servitude; . . . for he that rises up
early, and goe? to bed late, only to receive
addresses, is really as much abridged in his freedom
as he that waits to present one. --South.
2. Servants, collectively. [Obs.]
After him a cumbrous train Of herds and flocks, and
numerous servitude. --Milton.
3. (Law) A right whereby one thing is subject to another
thing or person for use or convenience, contrary to the
common right.
Note: The object of a servitude is either to suffer something
to be done by another, or to omit to do something, with
respect to a thing. The easements of the English
correspond in some respects with the servitudes of the
Roman law. Both terms are used by common law writers,
and often indiscriminately. The former, however, rather
indicates the right enjoyed, and the latter the burden
imposed. --Ayliffe. Erskine. E. Washburn.
{Penal servitude}. See under {Penal}.
{Personal servitude} (Law), that which arises when the use of
a thing is granted as a real right to a particular
individual other than the proprietor.
{Predial servitude} (Law), that which one estate owes to
another estate. When it related to lands, vineyards,
gardens, or the like, it is called rural; when it related
to houses and buildings, it is called urban.
Serviture \Serv"i*ture\, n.
Servants, collectively. [Obs.]
Servitute \Serv"i*tute\, n. [L. servitus.]
Servitude. [Obs.]
Serye \Se"rye\, n.
A series. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sesame \Ses"a*me\, n. [L. sesamum, sesama, Gr. ????, ???: cf. F.
s['e]same.] (Bot.)
Either of two annual herbaceous plants of the genus {Sesamum}
({S. Indicum}, and {S. orientale}), from the seeds of which
an oil is expressed; also, the small obovate, flattish seeds
of these plants, sometimes used as food. See {Benne}.
{Open Sesame}, the magical command which opened the door of
the robber's den in the Arabian Nights' tale of ``The
Forty Thieves;'' hence, a magical password.
{Sesame grass}. (Bot.) Same as {Gama grass}.
Sesamoid \Ses"a*moid\, a. [Gr. ???? like sesame; ????? sesame +
??? form: cf. F. s['e]samo["i]de.]
1. Resembling in shape the seeds of sesame.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sesamoid bones or
cartilages; sesamoidal.
{Sesamoid bones}, {Sesamoid cartilages} (Anat.), small bones
or cartilages formed in tendons, like the patella and
pisiform in man.
Sesamoid \Ses"a*moid\, n. (Anat.)
A sesamoid bone or cartilage.
Sesamoidal \Ses`a*moid"al\, a. (Anat.)
Sesamoid.
Sesban \Ses"ban\, n. [F., fr. Ar. saisab[=a]n, seiseb[=a]n, a
kind of tree, fr. Per. s[=i]sab[=a]n seed of cinquefoil.]
(Bot.)
A leguminous shrub ({Sesbania aculeata}) which furnishes a
fiber used for making ropes.
Note: The name is applied also to the similar plant,
{Sesbania [AE]gyptiaca}, and other species of the same
genus.
Sesqui- \Ses`qui-\ [L., one half more, one and a half.] (Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting that three
atoms or equivalents of the substance to the name of which it
is prefixed are combined with two of some other element or
radical; as, sesquibromide, sesquicarbonate, sesquichloride,
sesquioxide.
Note: Sesquidupli- is sometimes, but rarely, used in the same
manner to denote the proportions of two and a half to
one, or rather of five to two.
Sesquialter \Ses`qui*al"ter\, a.
Sesquialteral.
Sesquialter \Ses`qui*al"ter\, Sesquialtera \Ses`qui*al"ter*a\,
n. [NL. sesquialtera.] (Mus.)
A stop on the organ, containing several ranks of pipes which
re["e]nforce some of the high harmonics of the ground tone,
and make the sound more brilliant.
Sesquialteral \Ses`qui*al"ter*al\, Sesquialterate
\Ses`qui*al"ter*ate\, a. [L. sesquialter once and a half;
sesqui- + alter other: cf. F. sesquialt['e]re.]
Once and a half times as great as another; having the ratio
of one and a half to one.
{Sesquialteral ratio} (Math.), the ratio of one and a half to
one; thus, 9 and 6 are in a sesquialteral ratio.
Sesquialterous \Ses`qui*al"ter*ous\, a.
Sesquialteral.
Sesquibasic \Ses`qui*ba"sic\, a. [Sesqui- + basic.] (Chem.)
Containing, or acting as, a base in the proportions of a
sesqui compound.
Sesquiduplicate \Ses`qui*du"pli*cate\, a. [Sesqui- + duplicate.]
Twice and a half as great (as another thing); having the
ratio of two and a half to one.
{Sesquiduplicate ratio} (Math.), the ratio of two and a half
to one, or one in which the greater term contains the
lesser twice and a half, as that of 50 to 20.
Sesquioxide \Ses`qui*ox"ide\, n. [Sesqui- + oxide.] (Chem.)
An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen with two atoms (or
radicals) of some other substance; thus, alumina, {Al2O3} is
a sesquioxide.
Sesquipedal \Ses*quip"e*dal\, Sesquipedalian
\Ses`qui*pe*da"li*an\, a. [Sesqui- + pedal: cf. F.
sesquip['e]dal, L. sesquipedalis.]
Measuring or containing a foot and a half; as, a
sesquipedalian pygmy; -- sometimes humorously applied to long
words.
Sesquipedalianism \Ses`qui*pe*da"li*an*ism\, Sesquipedalism
\Ses*quip"e*dal*ism\, n.
Sesquipedality.
Sesqyipedality \Ses`qyi*pe*dal"i*ty\, n.
1. The quality or condition of being sesquipedal. --Sterne.
2. The use of sesquipedalian words; style characterized by
the use of long words; sesquipedalism.
Sesquiplicate \Ses*quip"li*cate\, a. [Sesqui- + plicate.]
(Math.)
Subduplicate of the triplicate; -- a term applied to ratios;
thus, a and a' are in the sesquiplicate ratio of b and b',
when a is to a' as the square root of the cube of b is to the
square root of the cube of b', or
a:a'::[root]b^{3}:[root]b'^{3}.
The periodic times of the planets are in the
sesquiplicate ratio of their mean distances. --Sir I.
Newton.
Sesquisalt \Ses"qui*salt\, n. [Sesqui- + salt.] (Chem.)
A salt derived from a sesquioxide base, or made up on the
proportions of a sesqui compound.
Sesquisulphide \Ses`qui*sul"phide\, n. [Sesqui- + sulphide.]
(Chem.)
A sulphide, analogous to a sesquioxide, containing three
atoms of sulphur to two of the other ingredient; -- formerly
called also {sesquisulphuret}; as, orpiment, {As2S3} is
arsenic sesquisulphide.
Sesquitertial \Ses`qui*ter"tial\, a.
Sesquitertian.
Sesquitertian \Ses`qui*ter"tian\, Sesquitertianal
\Ses`qui*ter"tian*al\, a. [Sesqui- + L. tertianus belonging to
the third. Cf. {Tertian}.] (Math.)
Having the ratio of one and one third to one (as 4 : 3).
Sesquitone \Ses"qui*tone\, n. [Sesqui- + tone.] (Mus.)
A minor third, or interval of three semitones.
Sess \Sess\, v. t. [Aphetic form of assess. See {Assess},
{Cess}.]
To lay a tax upon; to assess. [Obs.]
Sess \Sess\, n.
A tax; an assessment. See {Cess}. [Obs.]
Sessa \Ses"sa\, interj.
Hurry; run. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sessile \Ses"sile\, a. [L. sessilis low, dwarf, from sedere,
sessum, to sit: cf. F. sessile.]
1. Attached without any sensible projecting support.
2. (Bot.) Resting directly upon the main stem or branch,
without a petiole or footstalk; as, a sessile leaf or
blossom.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Permanently attached; -- said of the gonophores
of certain hydroids which never became detached.
Sessile-eyed \Ses"sile-eyed`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having eyes which are not elevated on a stalk; -- opposed to
{stalk-eyed}.
{Sessile-eyed Crustacea}, the Arthrostraca.
Session \Ses"sion\, n. [L. sessio, fr. sedere, sessum, to sit:
cf. F. session. See {Sit}.]
1. The act of sitting, or the state of being seated.
[Archaic]
So much his ascension into heaven and his session at
the right hand of God do import. --Hooker.
But Viven, gathering somewhat of his mood, . . .
Leaped from her session on his lap, and stood.
--Tennyson.
2. The actual sitting of a court, council, legislature, etc.,
or the actual assembly of the members of such a body, for
the transaction of business.
It's fit this royal session do proceed. --Shak.
3. Hence, also, the time, period, or term during which a
court, council, legislature, etc., meets daily for
business; or, the space of time between the first meeting
and the prorogation or adjournment; thus, a session of
Parliaments is opened with a speech from the throne, and
closed by prorogation. The session of a judicial court is
called a term.
It was resolved that the convocation should meet at
the beginning of the next session of Parliament.
--Macaulay.
Note: Sessions, in some of the States, is particularly used
as a title for a court of justices, held for granting
licenses to innkeepers, etc., and for laying out
highways, and the like; it is also the title of several
courts of criminal jurisdiction in England and the
United States.
{Church session}, the lowest court in the Presbyterian
Church, composed of the pastor and a body of elders
elected by the members of a particular church, and having
the care of matters pertaining to the religious interests
of that church, as the admission and dismission of
members, discipline, etc.
{Court of Session}, the supreme civil court of Scotland.
{Quarter sessions}. (Eng.Law) See under {Quarter}.
{Sessions of the peace}, sittings held by justices of the
peace. [Eng.]
Sessional \Ses"sion*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a session or sessions.
Sesspool \Sess"pool`\, n. [Prov. E. suss hogwash, soss a dirty
mess, a puddle + E. pool a puddle; cf. Gael. ses a coarse
mess.]
Same as {Cesspool}.
Sesterce \Ses"terce\, n. [L. sestertius (sc. nummus), fr.
sestertius two and a half; semis half + tertius third: cf. F.
sesterce.] (Rom. Antiq.)
A Roman coin or denomination of money, in value the fourth
part of a denarius, and originally containing two asses and a
half, afterward four asses, -- equal to about two pence
sterling, or four cents.
Note: The sestertium was equivalent to one thousand
sesterces, equal to [pounds]8 17s 1d. sterling, or
about $43, before the reign of Augustus. After his
reign its value was about [pounds]7 16s. 3d. sterling.
The sesterce was originally coined only in silver, but
later both in silver and brass.
Sestet \Ses*tet"\, n. [It. sestetto, fr. sesto sixth, L. sextus,
fr. sex six.]
1. (Mus.) A piece of music composed for six voices or six
instruments; a sextet; -- called also {sestuor}. [Written
also {sestett}, {sestette}.]
2. (Poet.) The last six lines of a sonnet.
Sestetto \Ses*tet"to\, n.[It.] (Mus.)
A sestet.
Sestine \Ses"tine\, n.
See {Sextain}.
Sestuor \Ses"tu*or\, n. [F.]
A sestet.
Set \Set\ (s[e^]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Set}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Setting}.] [OE. setten, AS. setton; akin to OS. settian,
OFries. setta, D. zetten, OHG. sezzen, G. setzen, Icel.
setja, Sw. s["a]tta, Dan. s?tte, Goth. satjan; causative from
the root of E. sit. [root]154. See {Sit}, and cf. {Seize}.]
1. To cause to sit; to make to assume a specified position or
attitude; to give site or place to; to place; to put; to
fix; as, to set a house on a stone foundation; to set a
book on a shelf; to set a dish on a table; to set a chest
or trunk on its bottom or on end.
I do set my bow in the cloud. --Gen. ix. 13.
2. Hence, to attach or affix (something) to something else,
or in or upon a certain place.
Set your affection on things above. --Col. iii. 2.
The Lord set a mark upon Cain. --Gen. iv. 15.
3. To make to assume specified place, condition, or
occupation; to put in a certain condition or state
(described by the accompanying words); to cause to be.
The Lord thy God will set thee on high. --Deut.
xxviii. 1.
I am come to set a man at variance against his
father, and the daughter against her mother. --Matt.
x. 35.
Every incident sets him thinking. --Coleridge.
4. To fix firmly; to make fast, permanent, or stable; to
render motionless; to give an unchanging place, form, or
condition to. Specifically:
(a) To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to fasten to a
spot; hence, to occasion difficulty to; to embarrass;
as, to set a coach in the mud.
They show how hard they are set in this
particular. --Addison.
(b) To fix beforehand; to determine; hence, to make
unyielding or obstinate; to render stiff, unpliant, or
rigid; as, to set one's countenance.
His eyes were set by reason of his age. --1
Kings xiv. 4.
On these three objects his heart was set.
--Macaulay.
Make my heart as a millstone, set my face as a
flint. --Tennyson.
(c) To fix in the ground, as a post or a tree; to plant;
as, to set pear trees in an orchard.
(d) To fix, as a precious stone, in a border of metal; to
place in a setting; hence, to place in or amid
something which serves as a setting; as, to set glass
in a sash.
And him too rich a jewel to be set In vulgar
metal for a vulgar use. --Dryden.
(e) To render stiff or solid; especially, to convert into
curd; to curdle; as, to set milk for cheese.
5. To put into a desired position or condition; to adjust; to
regulate; to adapt. Specifically:
(a) To put in order in a particular manner; to prepare;
as, to set (that is, to hone) a razor; to set a saw.
Tables for to sette, and beddes make. --Chaucer.
(b) To extend and bring into position; to spread; as, to
set the sails of a ship.
(c) To give a pitch to, as a tune; to start by fixing the
keynote; as, to set a psalm. --Fielding.
(d) To reduce from a dislocated or fractured state; to
replace; as, to set a broken bone.
(e) To make to agree with some standard; as, to set a
watch or a clock.
(f) (Masonry) To lower into place and fix solidly, as the
blocks of cut stone in a structure.
6. To stake at play; to wager; to risk.
I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the
hazard of the die. --Shak.
7. To fit with music; to adapt, as words to notes; to prepare
for singing.
Set thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute.
--Dryden.
8. To determine; to appoint; to assign; to fix; as, to set a
time for a meeting; to set a price on a horse.
9. To adorn with something infixed or affixed; to stud; to
variegate with objects placed here and there.
High on their heads, with jewels richly set, Each
lady wore a radiant coronet. --Dryden.
Pastoral dales thin set with modern farms.
--Wordsworth.
10. To value; to rate; -- with at.
Be you contented, wearing now the garland, To have
a son set your decrees at naught. --Shak.
I do not set my life at a pin's fee. --Shak.
11. To point out the seat or position of, as birds, or other
game; -- said of hunting dogs.
12. To establish as a rule; to furnish; to prescribe; to
assign; as, to set an example; to set lessons to be
learned.
13. To suit; to become; as, it sets him ill. [Scot.]
14. (Print.) To compose; to arrange in words, lines, etc.;
as, to set type; to set a page.
{To set abroach}. See {Abroach}. [Obs.] --Shak.
{To set against}, to oppose; to set in comparison with, or to
oppose to, as an equivalent in exchange; as, to set one
thing against another.
{To set agoing}, to cause to move.
{To set apart}, to separate to a particular use; to separate
from the rest; to reserve.
{To set a saw}, to bend each tooth a little, every alternate
one being bent to one side, and the intermediate ones to
the other side, so that the opening made by the saw may be
a little wider than the thickness of the back, to prevent
the saw from sticking.
{To set aside}.
(a) To leave out of account; to pass by; to omit; to
neglect; to reject; to annul.
Setting aside all other considerations, I will
endeavor to know the truth, and yield to that.
--Tillotson.
(b) To set apart; to reserve; as, to set aside part of
one's income.
(c) (Law) See under {Aside}.
{To set at defiance}, to defy.
{To set at ease}, to quiet; to tranquilize; as, to set the
heart at ease.
{To set at naught}, to undervalue; to contemn; to despise.
``Ye have set at naught all my counsel.'' --Prov. i. 25.
{To set a} {trap, snare, or gin}, to put it in a proper
condition or position to catch prey; hence, to lay a plan
to deceive and draw another into one's power.
{To set at work}, or {To set to work}.
(a) To cause to enter on work or action, or to direct how
tu enter on work.
(b) To apply one's self; -- used reflexively.
{To set before}.
(a) To bring out to view before; to exhibit.
(b) To propose for choice to; to offer to.
{To set by}.
(a) To set apart or on one side; to reject.
(b) To attach the value of (anything) to. ``I set not a
straw by thy dreamings.'' --Chaucer.
{To set by the compass}, to observe and note the bearing or
situation of by the compass.
{To set case}, to suppose; to assume. Cf. {Put case}, under
{Put}, v. t. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{To set down}.
(a) To enter in writing; to register.
Some rules were to be set down for the
government of the army. --Clarendon.
(b) To fix; to establish; to ordain.
This law we may name eternal, being that order
which God . . . hath set down with himself, for
himself to do all things by. --Hooker.
(c) To humiliate.
{To set eyes on}, to see; to behold; to fasten the eyes on.
{To set fire to}, or {To set on fire}, to communicate fire
to; fig., to inflame; to enkindle the passions of; to
irritate.
{To set flying} (Naut.), to hook to halyards, sheets, etc.,
instead of extending with rings or the like on a stay; --
said of a sail.
{To set forth}.
(a) To manifest; to offer or present to view; to exhibt;
to display.
(b) To publish; to promulgate; to make appear. --Waller.
(c) To send out; to prepare and send. [Obs.]
The Venetian admiral had a fleet of sixty
galleys, set forth by the Venetians. --Knolles.
{To set forward}.
(a) To cause to advance.
(b) To promote.
{To set free}, to release from confinement, imprisonment, or
bondage; to liberate; to emancipate.
{To set in}, to put in the way; to begin; to give a start to.
[Obs.]
If you please to assist and set me in, I will
recollect myself. --Collier.
{To set in order}, to adjust or arrange; to reduce to method.
``The rest will I set in order when I come.'' --1 Cor. xi.
34.
{To set milk}.
(a) To expose it in open dishes in order that the cream
may rise to the surface.
(b) To cause it to become curdled as by the action of
rennet. See 4
(e) .
{To set} {much, or little}, {by}, to care much, or little,
for.
{To set of}, to value; to set by. [Obs.] ``I set not an haw
of his proverbs.'' --Chaucer.
{To set off}.
(a) To separate from a whole; to assign to a particular
purpose; to portion off; as, to set off a portion of
an estate.
(b) To adorn; to decorate; to embellish.
They . . . set off the worst faces with the
best airs. --Addison.
(c) To give a flattering description of.
{To set off against}, to place against as an equivalent; as,
to set off one man's services against another's.
{To set} {on or upon}.
(a) To incite; to instigate. ``Thou, traitor, hast set on
thy wife to this.'' --Shak.
(b) To employ, as in a task. `` Set on thy wife to
observe.'' --Shak.
(c) To fix upon; to attach strongly to; as, to set one's
heart or affections on some object. See definition 2,
above.
{To set one's cap for}. See under {Cap}, n.
{To set one's self against}, to place one's self in a state
of enmity or opposition to.
{To set one's teeth}, to press them together tightly.
{To set on foot}, to set going; to put in motion; to start.
{To set out}.
(a) To assign; to allot; to mark off; to limit; as, to
set out the share of each proprietor or heir of an
estate; to set out the widow's thirds.
(b) To publish, as a proclamation. [Obs.]
(c) To adorn; to embellish.
An ugly woman, in rich habit set out with
jewels, nothing can become. --Dryden.
(d) To raise, equip, and send forth; to furnish. [R.]
The Venetians pretend they could set out, in
case of great necessity, thirty men-of-war.
--Addison.
(e) To show; to display; to recommend; to set off.
I could set out that best side of Luther.
--Atterbury.
(f) To show; to prove. [R.] ``Those very reasons set out
how heinous his sin was.'' --Atterbury.
(g) (Law) To recite; to state at large.
{To set over}.
(a) To appoint or constitute as supervisor, inspector,
ruler, or commander.
(b) To assign; to transfer; to convey.
{To set right}, to correct; to put in order.
{To set sail}. (Naut.) See under {Sail}, n.
{To set store by}, to consider valuable.
{To set the fashion}, to determine what shall be the fashion;
to establish the mode.
{To set the teeth on edge}, to affect the teeth with a
disagreeable sensation, as when acids are brought in
contact with them.
{To set the watch} (Naut.), to place the starboard or port
watch on duty.
{To set to}, to attach to; to affix to. ``He . . . hath set
to his seal that God is true.'' --John iii. 33.
{To set up}. (a) To erect; to raise; to elevate; as, to set
up a building, or a machine; to set up a post, a wall, a
pillar.
(b) Hence, to exalt; to put in power. ``I will . . . set
up the throne of David over Israel.'' --2 Sam. iii.
10.
(c) To begin, as a new institution; to institute; to
establish; to found; as, to set up a manufactory; to
set up a school.
(d) To enable to commence a new business; as, to set up a
son in trade.
(e) To place in view; as, to set up a mark.
(f) To raise; to utter loudly; as, to set up the voice.
I'll set up such a note as she shall hear.
--Dryden.
(g) To advance; to propose as truth or for reception; as,
to set up a new opinion or doctrine. --T. Burnet.
(h) To raise from depression, or to a sufficient fortune;
as, this good fortune quite set him up.
(i) To intoxicate. [Slang]
(j) (Print.) To put in type; as, to set up copy; to
arrange in words, lines, etc., ready for printing;
as, to set up type.
{To set up the rigging} (Naut.), to make it taut by means of
tackles. --R. H. Dana, Jr.
Syn: See {Put}.
Set \Set\ (s[e^]t), v. i.
1. To pass below the horizon; to go down; to decline; to sink
out of sight; to come to an end.
Ere the weary sun set in the west. --Shak.
Thus this century sets with little mirth, and the
next is likely to arise with more mourning.
--Fuller.
2. To fit music to words. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. To place plants or shoots in the ground; to plant. ``To
sow dry, and set wet.'' --Old Proverb.
4. To be fixed for growth; to strike root; to begin to
germinate or form; as, cuttings set well; the fruit has
set well (i. e., not blasted in the blossom).
5. To become fixed or rigid; to be fastened.
A gathering and serring of the spirits together to
resist, maketh the teeth to set hard one against
another. --Bacon.
6. To congeal; to concrete; to solidify.
That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set.
--Boyle.
7. To have a certain direction in motion; to flow; to move
on; to tend; as, the current sets to the north; the tide
sets to the windward.
8. To begin to move; to go out or forth; to start; -- now
followed by out.
The king is set from London. --Shak.
9. To indicate the position of game; -- said of a dog; as,
the dog sets well; also, to hunt game by the aid of a
setter.
10. To apply one's self; to undertake earnestly; -- now
followed by out.
If he sets industriously and sincerely to perform
the commands of Christ, he can have no ground of
doubting but it shall prove successful to him.
--Hammond.
11. To fit or suit one; to sit; as, the coat sets well.
Note: [Colloquially used, but improperly, for sit.]
Note: The use of the verb set for sit in such expressions as,
the hen is setting on thirteen eggs; a setting hen,
etc., although colloquially common, and sometimes
tolerated in serious writing, is not to be approved.
{To set about}, to commence; to begin.
{To set forward}, to move or march; to begin to march; to
advance.
{To set forth}, to begin a journey.
{To set in}.
(a) To begin; to enter upon a particular state; as,
winter set in early.
(b) To settle one's self; to become established. ``When
the weather was set in to be very bad.'' --Addison.
(c) To flow toward the shore; -- said of the tide.
{To set off}.
(a) To enter upon a journey; to start.
(b) (Typog.) To deface or soil the next sheet; -- said of
the ink on a freshly printed sheet, when another
sheet comes in contact with it before it has had time
to dry.
{To set on} or {upon}.
(a) To begin, as a journey or enterprise; to set about.
He that would seriously set upon the search of
truth. --Locke.
(b) To assault; to make an attack. --Bacon.
Cassio hath here been set on in the dark.
--Shak.
{To set out}, to begin a journey or course; as, to set out
for London, or from London; to set out in business;to set
out in life or the world.
{To set to}, to apply one's self to.
{To set up}.
(a) To begin business or a scheme of life; as, to set up
in trade; to set up for one's self.
(b) To profess openly; to make pretensions.
Those men who set up for mortality without
regard to religion, are generally but virtuous
in part. --Swift.
Set \Set\, a.
1. Fixed in position; immovable; rigid; as, a set line; a set
countenance.
2. Firm; unchanging; obstinate; as, set opinions or
prejudices.
3. Regular; uniform; formal; as, a set discourse; a set
battle. ``The set phrase of peace.'' --Shak.
4. Established; prescribed; as, set forms of prayer.
5. Adjusted; arranged; formed; adapted.
{Set hammer}.
(a) A hammer the head of which is not tightly fastened
upon the handle, but may be reversed. --Knight.
(b) A hammer with a concave face which forms a die for
shaping anything, as the end of a bolt, rivet, etc.
{Set line}, a line to which a number of baited hooks are
attached, and which, supported by floats and properly
secured, may be left unguarded during the absence of the
fisherman.
{Set nut}, a jam nut or lock nut. See under {Nut}.
{Set screw} (Mach.), a screw, sometimes cupped or printed at
one end, and screwed through one part, as of a machine,
tightly upon another part, to prevent the one from
slipping upon the other.
{Set speech}, a speech carefully prepared before it is
delivered in public; a formal or methodical speech.
Set \Set\, n.
1. The act of setting, as of the sun or other heavenly body;
descent; hence, the close; termination. ``Locking at the
set of day.'' --Tennyson.
The weary sun hath made a golden set. --Shak.
2. That which is set, placed, or fixed. Specifically:
(a) A young plant for growth; as, a set of white thorn.
(b) That which is staked; a wager; a venture; a stake;
hence, a game at venture. [Obs. or R.]
We will in France, by God's grace, play a set
Shall strike his father's crown into the hazard.
--Shak.
That was but civil war, an equal set. --Dryden.
(c) (Mech.) Permanent change of figure in consequence of
excessive strain, as from compression, tension,
bending, twisting, etc.; as, the set of a spring.
(d) A kind of punch used for bending, indenting, or giving
shape to, metal; as, a saw set.
(e) (Pile Driving) A piece placed temporarily upon the
head of a pile when the latter cannot be reached by
the weight, or hammer, except by means of such an
intervening piece. [Often incorrectly written {sett}.]
(f) (Carp.) A short steel spike used for driving the head
of a nail below the surface.
3. [Perhaps due to confusion with sect, sept.] A number of
things of the same kind, ordinarily used or classed
together; a collection of articles which naturally
complement each other, and usually go together; an
assortment; a suit; as, a set of chairs, of china, of
surgical or mathematical instruments, of books, etc. [In
this sense, sometimes incorrectly written {sett}.]
4. A number of persons associated by custom, office, common
opinion, quality, or the like; a division; a group; a
clique. ``Others of our set.'' --Tennyson.
This falls into different divisions, or sets, of
nations connected under particular religions. --R.
P. Ward.
5. Direction or course; as, the set of the wind, or of a
current.
6. In dancing, the number of persons necessary to execute a
quadrille; also, the series of figures or movements
executed.
7. The deflection of a tooth, or of the teeth, of a saw,
which causes the the saw to cut a kerf, or make an
opening, wider than the blade.
8.
(a) A young oyster when first attached.
(b) Collectively, the crop of young oysters in any
locality.
9. (Tennis) A series of as many games as may be necessary to
enable one side to win six. If at the end of the tenth
game the score is a tie, the set is usually called a deuce
set, and decided by an application of the rules for
playing off deuce in a game. See {Deuce}.
10. (Type Founding) That dimension of the body of a type
called by printers the width.
{Dead set}.
(a) The act of a setter dog when it discovers the game,
and remains intently fixed in pointing it out.
(b) A fixed or stationary condition arising from obstacle
or hindrance; a deadlock; as, to be at a dead set.
(c) A concerted scheme to defraud by gaming; a determined
onset.
{To make a dead set}, to make a determined onset, literally
or figuratively.
Syn: Collection; series; group. See {Pair}.
Seta \Se"ta\, n.; pl. {Set[ae]}. [L. seta, saeta, a bristle.]
1. (Biol.) Any slender, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ
or part; as the hairs of a caterpillar, the slender spines
of a crustacean, the hairlike processes of a protozoan,
the bristles or stiff hairs on the leaves of some plants,
or the pedicel of the capsule of a moss.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the movable chitinous spines or hooks of an
annelid. They usually arise in clusters from muscular
capsules, and are used in locomotion and for defense.
They are very diverse in form.
(b) One of the spinelike feathers at the base of the bill
of certain birds.
Setaceous \Se*ta"ceous\, a. [L. seta a bristle: cf. F.
s['e]tac['e].]
1. Set with, or consisting of, bristles; bristly; as, a
stiff, setaceous tail.
2. Bristelike in form or texture; as, a setaceous feather; a
setaceous leaf.
Setback \Set"back`\, n.
1. (Arch.) Offset, n., 4.
2. A backset; a countercurrent; an eddy. [U. S.]
3. A backset; a check; a repulse; a reverse; a relapse.
[Colloq. U.S.]
Setbolt \Set"bolt`\, n. (Shipbuilding)
1. An iron pin, or bolt, for fitting planks closely together.
--Craig.
2. A bolt used for forcing another bolt out of its hole.
Setdown \Set"down`\, n.
The humbling of a person by act or words, especially by a
retort or a reproof; the retort or the reproof which has such
effect.
Setee \Set*ee"\, n. (Naut.)
See 2d {Settee}.
Seten \Set"en\,
obs. imp. pl. of {Sit}. Sat. --Chaucer.
Setewale \Set"e*wale\, n.
See {Cetewale}. [Obs.]
Set-fair \Set"-fair`\, n.
In plastering, a particularly good troweled surface.
--Knight.
Setfoil \Set"foil`\, n.
See {Septfoil}.
Sethen \Seth"en\, adv. & conj.
See {Since}. [Obs.]
Sethic \Seth"ic\, a.
See {Sothic}.
Setiferous \Se*tif"er*ous\, a. [L. seta a bristle + -ferous.]
Producing, or having one or more, bristles.
Setiform \Se"ti*form\, a. [Seta + -form: cf. F. s['e]tiforme.]
Having the form or structure of set[ae].
Setiger \Se"ti*ger\, n. [NL. See {Setigerous}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An annelid having set[ae]; a ch[ae]topod.
Setigerous \Se*tig"er*ous\, a. [Seta + -gerous.]
Covered with bristles; having or bearing a seta or set[ae];
setiferous; as, setigerous glands; a setigerous segment of an
annelid; specifically (Bot.), tipped with a bristle.
Setim \Se"tim\, n.
See {Shittim}.
Setiparous \Se*tip"a*rous\, a. [Seta + L. papere to produce.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Producing set[ae]; -- said of the organs from which the
set[ae] of annelids arise.
Setireme \Se"ti*reme\, n. [Seta + L. remus an oar.] (Zo["o]l.)
A swimming leg (of an insect) having a fringe of hairs on the
margin.
Setness \Set"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being set; formality; obstinacy.
``The starched setness of a sententious writer.'' --R.
Masters.
Set-off \Set"-off`\, n. [Set + off.]
1. That which is set off against another thing; an offset.
I do not contemplate such a heroine as a set-off to
the many sins imputed to me as committed against
woman. --D. Jerrold.
2. That which is used to improve the appearance of anything;
a decoration; an ornament.
3. (Law) A counterclaim; a cross debt or demand; a distinct
claim filed or set up by the defendant against the
plaintiff's demand.
Note: Set-off differs from recoupment, as the latter
generally grows out of the same matter or contract with
the plaintiff's claim, while the former grows out of
distinct matter, and does not of itself deny the
justice of the plaintiff's demand. Offset is sometimes
improperly used for the legal term set-off. See
{Recoupment}.
4. (Arch.) Same as {Offset}, n., 4.
5. (Print.) See {Offset}, 7.
Syn: {Set-off}, {Offset}.
Usage: Offset originally denoted that which branches off or
projects, as a shoot from a tree, but the term has
long been used in America in the sense of set-off.
This use is beginning to obtain in England; though
Macaulay uses set-off, and so, perhaps, do a majority
of English writers.
Seton \Se"ton\, n. [F. s['e]ton (cf. It. setone), from L. seta a
thick, stiff hair, a bristle.] (Med. & Far.)
A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip of linen or the
like, introduced beneath the skin by a knife or needle, so as
to form an issue; also, the issue so formed.
Setose \Se*tose"\, Setous \Se"tous\, a. [L. setosus, saetosus,
from seta, saeta, bristle: cf. F. s['e]teux.]
Thickly set with bristles or bristly hairs.
Setout \Set"out`\, n.
A display, as of plate, equipage, etc.; that which is
displayed. [Coloq.] --Dickens.
Set-stitched \Set"-stitched`\, a.
Stitched according to a formal pattern. ``An old set-stiched
chair, valanced, and fringed with party-colored worsted
bobs.'' --Sterne.
Sett \Sett\, n.
See {Set}, n., 2
(e) and 3.
Settee \Set*tee"\, n. [From {Set}; cf. {Settle} a seat.]
A long seat with a back, -- made to accommodate several
persons at once.
Settee \Set*tee"\, n. [F. sc['e]tie, scitie.] (Naut.)
A vessel with a very long, sharp prow, carrying two or three
masts with lateen sails, -- used in the Mediterranean.
[Written also {setee}.]
Setter \Set"ter\, n.
1. One who, or that which, sets; -- used mostly in
composition with a noun, as typesetter; or in combination
with an adverb, as a setter on (or inciter), a setter up,
a setter forth.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A hunting dog of a special breed originally
derived from a cross between the spaniel and the pointer.
Modern setters are usually trained to indicate the
position of game birds by standing in a fixed position,
but originally they indicated it by sitting or crouching.
Note: There are several distinct varieties of setters; as,
the Irish, or red, setter; the Gordon setter, which is
usually red or tan varied with black; and the English
setter, which is variously colored, but usually white
and tawny red, with or without black.
3. One who hunts victims for sharpers. --Shak.
4. One who adapts words to music in composition.
5. An adornment; a decoration; -- with off. [Obs.]
They come as . . . setters off of thy graces.
--Whitlock.
6. (Pottery) A shallow seggar for porcelain. --Ure.
Setter \Set"ter\, v. t.
To cut the dewlap (of a cow or an ox), and to insert a seton,
so as to cause an issue. [Prov. Eng.]
Setterwort \Set"ter*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
The bear's-foot ({Helleborus f[oe]tidus}); -- so called
because the root was used in settering, or inserting setons
into the dewlaps of cattle. Called also {pegroots}. --Dr.
Prior.
Setting \Set"ting\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, sets; as, the setting
of type, or of gems; the setting of the sun; the setting
(hardening) of moist plaster of Paris; the setting (set)
of a current.
2. The act of marking the position of game, as a setter does;
also, hunting with a setter. --Boyle.
3. Something set in, or inserted.
Thou shalt set in it settings of stones. --Ex.
xxviii. 17.
4. That in which something, as a gem, is set; as, the gold
setting of a jeweled pin.
{Setting coat} (Arch.), the finishing or last coat of
plastering on walls or ceilings.
{Setting dog}, a setter. See {Setter}, n., 2.
{Setting pole}, a pole, often iron-pointed, used for pushing
boats along in shallow water.
{Setting rule}. (Print.) A composing rule.
Settle \Set"tle\, n. [OE. setel, setil, a seat, AS. setl: akin
to OHG. sezzal, G. sessel, Goth. sitls, and E. sit.
[root]154. See {Sit}.]
1. A seat of any kind. [Obs.] ``Upon the settle of his
majesty'' --Hampole.
2. A bench; especially, a bench with a high back.
3. A place made lower than the rest; a wide step or platform
lower than some other part.
And from the bottom upon the ground, even to the
lower settle, shall be two cubits, and the breadth
one cubit. --Ezek. xliii.
14.
{Settle bed}, a bed convertible into a seat. [Eng.]
Settle \Set"tle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Settled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Settling}.] [OE. setlen, AS. setlan. [root]154. See
{Settle}, n. In senses 7, 8, and 9 perhaps confused with OE.
sahtlen to reconcile, AS. sahtlian, fr. saht reconciliation,
sacon to contend, dispute. Cf. {Sake}.]
1. To place in a fixed or permanent condition; to make firm,
steady, or stable; to establish; to fix; esp., to
establish in life; to fix in business, in a home, or the
like.
And he settled his countenance steadfastly upon him,
until he was ashamed. --2 Kings
viii. 11.
(Rev. Ver.)
The father thought the time drew on Of setting in
the world his only son. --Dryden.
2. To establish in the pastoral office; to ordain or install
as pastor or rector of a church, society, or parish; as,
to settle a minister. [U. S.]
3. To cause to be no longer in a disturbed condition; to
render quiet; to still; to calm; to compose.
God settled then the huge whale-bearing lake.
--Chapman.
Hoping that sleep might settle his brains. --Bunyan.
4. To clear of dregs and impurities by causing them to sink;
to render pure or clear; -- said of a liquid; as, to
settle coffee, or the grounds of coffee.
5. To restore or bring to a smooth, dry, or passable
condition; -- said of the ground, of roads, and the like;
as, clear weather settles the roads.
6. To cause to sink; to lower; to depress; hence, also, to
render close or compact; as, to settle the contents of a
barrel or bag by shaking it.
7. To determine, as something which is exposed to doubt or
question; to free from unscertainty or wavering; to make
sure, firm, or constant; to establish; to compose; to
quiet; as, to settle the mind when agitated; to settle
questions of law; to settle the succession to a throne; to
settle an allowance.
It will settle the wavering, and confirm the
doubtful. --Swift.
8. To adjust, as something in discussion; to make up; to
compose; to pacify; as, to settle a quarrel.
9. To adjust, as accounts; to liquidate; to balance; as, to
settle an account.
10. Hence, to pay; as, to settle a bill. [Colloq.] --Abbott.
11. To plant with inhabitants; to colonize; to people; as,
the French first settled Canada; the Puritans settled New
England; Plymouth was settled in 1620.
{To settle on} or {upon}, to confer upon by permanent grant;
to assure to. ``I . . . have settled upon him a good
annuity.'' --Addison.
{To settle the land} (Naut.), to cause it to sink, or appear
lower, by receding from it.
Syn: To fix; establish; regulate; arrange; compose; adjust;
determine; decide.
Settle \Set"tle\, v. i.
1. To become fixed or permanent; to become stationary; to
establish one's self or itself; to assume a lasting form,
condition, direction, or the like, in place of a temporary
or changing state.
The wind came about and settled in the west.
--Bacon.
Chyle . . . runs through all the intermediate colors
until it settles in an intense red. --Arbuthnot.
2. To fix one's residence; to establish a dwelling place or
home; as, the Saxons who settled in Britain.
3. To enter into the married state, or the state of a
householder.
As people marry now and settle. --Prior.
4. To be established in an employment or profession; as, to
settle in the practice of law.
5. To become firm, dry, and hard, as the ground after the
effects of rain or frost have disappeared; as, the roads
settled late in the spring.
6. To become clear after being turbid or obscure; to clarify
by depositing matter held in suspension; as, the weather
settled; wine settles by standing.
A government, on such occasions, is always thick
before it settles. --Addison.
7. To sink to the bottom; to fall to the bottom, as dregs of
a liquid, or the sediment of a reserveir.
8. To sink gradually to a lower level; to subside, as the
foundation of a house, etc.
9. To become calm; to cease from agitation.
Till the fury of his highness settle, Come not
before him. --Shak.
10. To adjust differences or accounts; to come to an
agreement; as, he has settled with his creditors.
11. To make a jointure for a wife.
He sighs with most success that settles well.
--Garth.
Settledness \Set"tled*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being settled; confirmed state. [R.]
--Bp. Hall.
Settlement \Set"tle*ment\, n.
1. The act of setting, or the state of being settled.
Specifically:
(a) Establishment in life, in business, condition, etc.;
ordination or installation as pastor.
Every man living has a design in his head upon
wealth power, or settlement in the world.
--L'Estrange.
(b) The act of peopling, or state of being peopled; act of
planting, as a colony; colonization; occupation by
settlers; as, the settlement of a new country.
(c) The act or process of adjusting or determining;
composure of doubts or differences; pacification;
liquidation of accounts; arrangement; adjustment; as,
settlement of a controversy, of accounts, etc.
(d) Bestowal, or giving possession, under legal sanction;
the act of giving or conferring anything in a formal
and permanent manner.
My flocks, my fields, my woods, my pastures
take, With settlement as good as law can make.
--Dryden.
(e) (Law) A disposition of property for the benefit of
some person or persons, usually through the medium of
trustees, and for the benefit of a wife, children, or
other relatives; jointure granted to a wife, or the
act of granting it.
2. That which settles, or is settled, established, or fixed.
Specifically:
(a) Matter that subsides; settlings; sediment; lees;
dregs. [Obs.]
Fuller's earth left a thick settlement.
--Mortimer.
(b) A colony newly established; a place or region newly
settled; as, settlement in the West.
(c) That which is bestowed formally and permanently; the
sum secured to a person; especially, a jointure made
to a woman at her marriage; also, in the United
States, a sum of money or other property formerly
granted to a pastor in additional to his salary.
3. (Arch.)
(a) The gradual sinking of a building, whether by the
yielding of the ground under the foundation, or by the
compression of the joints or the material.
(b) pl. Fractures or dislocations caused by settlement.
4. (Law) A settled place of abode; residence; a right growing
out of residence; legal residence or establishment of a
person in a particular parish or town, which entitles him
to maintenance if a pauper, and subjects the parish or
town to his support. --Blackstone. Bouvier.
{Act of settlement} (Eng. Hist.), the statute of 12 and 13
William III, by which the crown was limited to the present
reigning house (the house of Hanover). --Blackstone.
Settler \Set"tler\, n.
1. One who settles, becomes fixed, established, etc.
2. Especially, one who establishes himself in a new region or
a colony; a colonist; a planter; as, the first settlers of
New England.
3. That which settles or finishes; hence, a blow, etc., which
settles or decides a contest. [Colloq.]
4. A vessel, as a tub, in which something, as pulverized ore
suspended in a liquid, is allowed to settle.
Settling \Set"tling\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, settles; the act of
establishing one's self, of colonizing, subsiding,
adjusting, etc.
2. pl. That which settles at the bottom of a liquid; lees;
dregs; sediment. --Milton.
{Settling day}, a day for settling accounts, as in the stock
market.
Set-to \Set"-to`\, n.
A contest in boxing, in an argument, or the like. [Colloq.]
--Halliwell.
Setula \Set"u*la\, n.; pl. {Setul[ae]}. [L. setula, saetula,
dim. of seta, saeta, bristle.]
A small, short hair or bristle; a small seta.
Setule \Set"ule\, n. [See {Setula}.]
A setula.
Setulose \Set"u*lose`\, a.
Having small bristles or set[ae].
Setwall \Set"wall`\, n. [CF. {Cetewale}.] (Bot.)
A plant formerly valued for its restorative qualities
({Valeriana officinalis}, or {V. Pyrenaica}). [Obs.] [Written
also {setwal}.] --Chaucer.
Seven \Sev"en\, a. [OE. seven, seoven, seofen, AS. seofon,
seofan, seofen; akin to D. zeven, OS., Goth., & OHG. sibun,
G. sieben, Icel. sjau, sj["o], Sw. sju, Dan. syv, Lith.
septyni, Russ. seme, W. saith, Gael. seachd, Ir. seacht, L.
septem, Gr. ???, Skr. saptan. [root]305. Cf. {Hebdomad},
{Heptagon}, {September}.]
One more than six; six and one added; as, seven days make one
week.
{Seven sciences}. See the Note under {Science}, n., 4.
{Seven stars} (Astron.), the Pleiades.
{Seven wonders of the world}. See under {Wonders}.
{Seven-year apple} (Bot.), a rubiaceous shrub ({Genipa
clusiifolia}) growing in the West Indies; also, its edible
fruit.
{Seven-year vine} (Bot.), a tropical climbing plant
({Ipom[oe]a tuberosa}) related to the morning-glory.
Seven \Sev"en\, n.
1. The number greater by one than six; seven units or
objects.
Of every beast, and bird, and insect small, Game
sevens and pairs. --Milton.
2. A symbol representing seven units, as 7, or vii.
Sevenfold \Sev"en*fold`\, a.
Repeated seven times; having seven thicknesses; increased to
seven times the size or amount. ``Sevenfold rage.'' --Milton.
Sevenfold \Sev"en*fold`\, adv.
Seven times as much or as often.
Whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him
sevenfold. --Gen. iv. 15.
Sevennight \Seven"night\, n.
A week; any period of seven consecutive days and nights. See
{Sennight}.
Sevenscore \Sev"en*score`\, n. & a.
Seven times twenty, that is, a hundred and forty.
The old Countess of Desmond . . . lived sevenscore
years. --Bacon.
Seven-shooter \Sev"en-shoot`er\, n.
A firearm, esp. a pistol, with seven barrels or chambers for
cartridges, or one capable of firing seven shots without
reloading. [Colloq.]
Seventeen \Sev"en*teen`\, a. [OE. seventene, AS. seofont[=y]ne,
i. e., seven-ten. Cf. {Seventy}.]
One more than sixteen; ten and seven added; as, seventeen
years.
Seventeen \Sev"en*teen`\, n.
1. The number greater by one than sixteen; the sum of ten and
seven; seventeen units or objects.
2. A symbol denoting seventeen units, as 17, or xvii.
Seventeenth \Sev"en*teenth`\, a. [From {Seventeen}: cf. AS.
seofonte['o][eth]a, seofonteoge[eth]a.]
1. Next in order after the sixteenth; coming after sixteen
others.
In . . . the seventeenth day of the month . . . were
all the fountains of the great deep broken up.
--Gen. vii.
11.
2. Constituting or being one of seventeen equal parts into
which anything is divided.
Seventeenth \Sev"en*teenth`\, n.
1. The next in order after the sixteenth; one coming after
sixteen others.
2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventeen; one of
seventeen equal parts or divisions of one whole.
3. (Mus.) An interval of two octaves and a third.
Seventh \Sev"enth\, a. [From {Seven}: cf. AS. seofo[eth]a.]
1. Next in order after the sixth;; coming after six others.
On the seventh day, God ended his work which he had
made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his
work which he had made. --Gen. ii. 2.
2. Constituting or being one of seven equal parts into which
anything is divided; as, the seventh part.
{Seventh day}, the seventh day of the week; Saturday.
{Seventh-day Baptists}. See under {Baptist}.
Seventh \Sev"enth\, n.
1. One next in order after the sixth; one coming after six
others.
2. The quotient of a unit divided by seven; one of seven
equal parts into which anything is divided.
3. (Mus.)
(a) An interval embracing seven diatonic degrees of the
scale.
(b) A chord which includes the interval of a seventh
whether major, minor, or diminished.
Seven-thirties \Sev`en-thir"ties\, n. pl.
A name given to three several issues of United States
Treasury notes, made during the Civil War, in denominations
of $50 and over, bearing interest at the rate of seven and
three tenths (thirty hundredths) per cent annually. Within a
few years they were all redeemed or funded.
Seventhly \Sev"enth*ly\, adv.
In the seventh place.
Seventieth \Sev"en*ti*eth\, a. [AS. hund-seofontigo[eth]a.]
1. Next in order after the sixty-ninth; as, a man in the
seventieth year of his age.
2. Constituting or being one of seventy equal parts.
Seventieth \Sev"en*ti*eth\, n.
1. One next in order after the sixty-ninth.
2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventy; one of seventy
equal parts or fractions.
Seventy \Sev"en*ty\, a. [AS. hund-seofontig. See {Seven}, and
{Ten}, and cf. {Seventeen}, {Sixty}.]
Seven times ten; one more than sixty-nine.
Seventy \Sev"en*ty\, n.; pl. {Seventies}.
1. The sum of seven times ten; seventy units or objects.
2. A symbol representing seventy units, as 70, or lxx.
{The Seventy}, the translators of the Greek version of the
Old Testament called the Septuagint. See {Septuagint}.
Seventy-four \Sev`en*ty-four"\, n. (Naut.)
A naval vessel carrying seventy-four guns.
Seven-up \Sev"en-up`\, n.
The game of cards called also {all fours}, and {old sledge}.
[U. S.]
Sever \Sev"er\, v. t. [imp. &. p. p. {Severed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Severing}.] [OF. sevrer, severer, to separate, F. sevrer to
wean, fr. L. separare. See {Separate}, and cf. {Several}.]
1. To separate, as one from another; to cut off from
something; to divide; to part in any way, especially by
violence, as by cutting, rending, etc.; as, to sever the
head from the body.
The angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked
from among the just. --Matt. xiii.
49.
2. To cut or break open or apart; to divide into parts; to
cut through; to disjoin; as, to sever the arm or leg.
Our state can not be severed; we are one. --Milton.
3. To keep distinct or apart; to except; to exempt.
I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in
which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall
be there. --Ex. viii.
22.
4. (Law) To disunite; to disconnect; to terminate; as, to
sever an estate in joint tenancy. --Blackstone.
Sever \Sev"er\, v. i.
1. To suffer disjunction; to be parted, or rent asunder; to
be separated; to part; to separate. --Shak.
2. To make a separation or distinction; to distinguish.
The Lord shall sever between the cattle of Israel
and the cattle of Egypt. --Ex. ix. 4.
They claimed the right of severing in their
challenge. --Macaulay.
Severable \Sev"er*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being severed. --Encyc. Dict.
Several \Sev"er*al\, a. [OF., fr. LL. separalis, fr. L. separ
separate, different. See {Sever}, {Separate}.]
1. Separate; distinct; particular; single.
Each several ship a victory did gain. --Dryden.
Each might his several province well command, Would
all but stoop to what they understand. --Pope.
2. Diverse; different; various. --Spenser.
Habits and faculties, several, and to be
distinguished. --Bacon.
Four several armies to the field are led. --Dryden.
3. Consisting of a number more than two, but not very many;
divers; sundry; as, several persons were present when the
event took place.
Several \Sev"er*al\, adv.
By itself; severally. [Obs.]
Every kind of thing is laid up several in barns or
storehoudses. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
Several \Sev"er*al\, n.
1. Each particular taken singly; an item; a detail; an
individual. [Obs.]
There was not time enough to hear . . . The
severals. --Shak.
2. Persons oe objects, more than two, but not very many.
Several of them neither rose from any conspicuous
family, nor left any behind them. --Addison.
3. An inclosed or separate place; inclosure. [Obs.]
They had their several for heathen nations, their
several for the people of their own nation.
--Hooker.
{In several}, in a state of separation. [R.] ``Where pastures
in several be.'' --Tusser.
Severality \Sev`er*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Severalities}.
Each particular taken singly; distinction. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Severalize \Sev"er*al*ize\, v. t.
To distinguish. [Obs.]
Severally \Sev"er*al*ly\, adv.
Separately; distinctly; apart from others; individually.
There must be an auditor to check and revise each
severally by itself. --De Quincey.
Severalty \Sev"er*al*ty\, n.
A state of separation from the rest, or from all others; a
holding by individual right.
Forests which had never been owned in severalty.
--Bancroft.
{Estate in severalty} (Law), an estate which the tenant holds
in his own right, without being joined in interest with
any other person; -- distinguished from joint tenancy,
coparcenary, and common. --Blackstone.
Severance \Sev"er*ance\, n.
1. The act of severing, or the state of being severed;
partition; separation. --Milman.
2. (Law) The act of dividing; the singling or severing of two
or more that join, or are joined, in one writ; the putting
in several or separate pleas or answers by two or more
disjointly; the destruction of the unity of interest in a
joint estate. --Bouvier.
Severe \Se*vere"\, a. [Compar. {Severer}; superl. {Severest}.]
[L. severus; perhaps akin to Gr. ??? awe, ??? revered, holy,
solemn, Goth. swikns innocent, chaste: cf. F. s['e]v[`e]re.
Cf. {Asseverate}, {Persevere}.]
1. Serious in feeeling or manner; sedate; grave; austere; not
light, lively, or cheerful.
Your looks alter, as your subject does, From kind to
fierce, from wanton to severe. --Waller.
2. Very strict in judgment, discipline, or government; harsh;
not mild or indulgent; rigorous; as, severe criticism;
severe punishment. ``Custody severe.'' --Milton.
Come! you are too severe a moraler. --Shak.
Let your zeal, if it must be expressed in anger, be
always more severe against thyself than against
others. --Jer. Taylor.
3. Rigidly methodical, or adherent to rule or principle;
exactly conformed to a standard; not allowing or employing
unneccessary ornament, amplification, etc.; strict; --
said of style, argument, etc. ``Restrained by reason and
severe principles.'' --Jer. Taylor.
The Latin, a most severe and compendious language.
--Dryden.
4. Sharp; afflictive; distressing; violent; extreme; as,
severe pain, anguish, fortune; severe cold.
5. Difficult to be endured; exact; critical; rigorous; as, a
severe test.
Syn: Strict; grave; austere; stern; morose; rigid; exact;
rigorous; hard; rough; harsh; censorious; tart;
acrimonious; sarcastic; satirical; cutting; biting;
keen; bitter; cruel. See {Strict}. -- {Se*vere"ly}, adv.
-- {Se*vere"ness}, n.
Severity \Se*ver"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Severities}. [L. severitas: cf.
F. s['e]v['e]rit['e].]
The quality or state of being severe. Specifically:
(a) Gravity or austerity; extreme strictness; rigor;
harshness; as, the severity of a reprimand or a reproof;
severity of discipline or government; severity of
penalties. ``Strict age, and sour severity.'' --Milton.
(b) The quality or power of distressing or paining; extreme
degree; extremity; intensity; inclemency; as, the
severity of pain or anguish; the severity of cold or
heat; the severity of the winter.
(c) Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as,
severity practiced on prisoners of war.
(d) Exactness; rigorousness; strictness; as, the severity of
a test.
Confining myself to the severity of truth.
--Dryden.
Severy \Sev"er*y\, n. [Prob. corrupted fr. ciborium. Oxf.
Gloss.] (Arch.)
A bay or compartment of a vaulted ceiling. [Written also
{civery}.]
Sevocation \Sev`o*ca"tion\, n. [L. sevocare, sevocatum, to call
aside.]
A calling aside. [Obs.]
Sevres blue \S[`e]"vres blue`\
A very light blue.
Sevres ware \S[`e]"vres ware`\
Porcelain manufactured at S[`e]vres, France, ecpecially in
the national factory situated there.
Sew \Sew\, n.[OE. See {Sewer} household officer.]
Juice; gravy; a seasoned dish; a delicacy. [Obs.] --Gower.
I will not tell of their strange sewes. --Chaucer.
Sew \Sew\, v. t. [See {Sue} to follow.]
To follow; to pursue; to sue. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Spenser.
Sew \Sew\, v. t. [imp. {Sewed}; p. p. {Sewed}, rarely {Sewn}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sewing}.] [OE. sewen, sowen, AS. si['o]wian,
s[=i]wian; akin to OHG. siuwan, Icel. s?ja, Sw. sy, Dan. sye,
Goth. siujan, Lith. siuti, Russ, shite, L. ssuere, Gr. ????,
Skr. siv. [root]156. Cf. {Seam} a suture, {Suture}.]
1. To unite or fasten together by stitches, as with a needle
and thread.
No man also seweth a piece of new cloth on an old
garment. --Mark ii. 21.
2. To close or stop by ssewing; -- often with up; as, to sew
up a rip.
3. To inclose by sewing; -- sometimes with up; as, to sew
money in a bag.
Sew \Sew\, v. i.
To practice sewing; to work with needle and thread.
Sew \Sew\, v. t. [[root]151 b. See {Sewer} a drain.]
To drain, as a pond, for taking the fish. [Obs.] --Tusser.
Sewage \Sew"age\, n.
1. The contents of a sewer or drain; refuse liquids or matter
carried off by sewers
2. Sewerage, 2.
Sewe \Sewe\, v. i.
To perform the duties of a sewer. See 3d {Sewer}. [Obs.]
Sewel \Sew"el\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A scarecrow, generally made of feathers tied to a string,
hung up to prevent deer from breaking into a place.
--Halliwell.
Sewellel \Se*wel"lel\, n. [Of American Indian origin.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A peculiar gregarious burrowing rodent ({Haplodon rufus}),
native of the coast region of the Northwestern United States.
It somewhat resembles a muskrat or marmot, but has only a
rudimentary tail. Its head is broad, its eyes are small and
its fur is brownish above, gray beneath. It constitutes the
family {Haplodontid[ae]}. Called also {boomer}, {showt'l},
and {mountain beaver}.
Sewen \Sew"en\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A British trout usually regarded as a variety (var.
{Cambricus}) of the salmon trout.
Sewer \Sew"er\, n.
1. One who sews, or stitches.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A small tortricid moth whose larva sews
together the edges of a leaf by means of silk; as, the
apple-leaf sewer ({Phoxopteris nubeculana})
Sewer \Sew"er\, n. [OF. sewiere, seuwiere, ultimately fr. L. ex
out + a derivative of aqua water; cf. OF. essevour a drain,
essever, esseuwer, essiaver, to cause to flow, to drain, to
flow, LL. exaquatorium a channel through which water runs
off. Cf. {Ewer}, {Aquarium}.]
A drain or passage to carry off water and filth under ground;
a subterraneous channel, particularly in cities.
Sewer \Sew"er\, n. [Cf. OE. assewer, and asseour, OF. asseour,
F. asseoir to seat, to set, L. assidere to sit by; ad +
sedere to sit (cf. {Sit}); or cf. OE. sew pottage, sauce,
boiled meat, AS. se['a]w juice, Skr. su to press out.]
Formerly, an upper servant, or household officer, who set on
and removed the dishes at a feast, and who also brought water
for the hands of the guests.
Then the sewer Poured water from a great and golden
ewer, That from their hands to a silver caldron ran.
--Chapman.
Sewerage \Sew"er*age\, n.
1. The construction of a sewer or sewers.
2. The system of sewers in a city, town, etc.; the general
drainage of a city or town by means of sewers.
3. The material collected in, and discharged by, sewers. [In
this sense {sewage} is preferable and common.]
Sewin \Sew"in\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Sewen}.
Sewing \Sew"ing\, n.
1. The act or occupation of one who sews.
2. That which is sewed with the needle.
{Sewing horse} (Harness making), a clamp, operated by the
foot, for holding pieces of leather while being sewed.
{Sewing machine}, a machine for sewing or stitching.
{Sewing press}, or {Sewing table} (Bookbinding), a fixture or
table having a frame in which are held the cords to which
the back edges of folded sheets are sewed to form a book.
Sewster \Sew"ster\, n.
A seamstress. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Sex- \Sex-\ [L. sex six. See {Six}.]
A combining form meaning six; as, sexdigitism; sexennial.
Sex \Sex\, n. [L. sexus: cf. F. sexe.]
1. The distinguishing peculiarity of male or female in both
animals and plants; the physical difference between male
and female; the assemblage of properties or qualities by
which male is distinguished from female.
2. One of the two divisions of organic beings formed on the
distinction of male and female.
3. (Bot.)
(a) The capability in plants of fertilizing or of being
fertilized; as, staminate and pistillate flowers are
of opposite sexes.
(b) One of the groups founded on this distinction.
{The sex}, the female sex; women, in general.
Sexagenarian \Sex`a*ge*na"ri*an\, n. [See {Sexagenary}.]
A person who is sixty years old.
Sexagenary \Sex*ag"e*na*ry\, a. [L. sexagenarius, fr. sexageni
sixty each, akin to sexaginta sixty, sex six: cf.
sexag['e]naire. See {Six}.]
Pertaining to, or designating, the number sixty; poceeding by
sixties; sixty years old.
{Sexagenary arithmetic}. See under {Sexagesimal}.
{Sexagenary}, or {Sexagesimal}, {scale} (Math.), a scale of
numbers in which the modulus is sixty. It is used in
treating the divisions of the circle.
Sexagenary \Sex*ag"e*na*ry\, n.
1. Something composed of sixty parts or divisions.
2. A sexagenarian. --Sir W. Scott.
Sexagesima \Sex`a*ges"i*ma\, n. [L., fem. of sexagesimus
sixtieth, fr. sexaginta sixty.] (Eccl.)
The second Sunday before Lent; -- so called as being about
the sixtieth day before Easter.
Sexagesimal \Sex`a*ges"i*mal\, a. [Cf. F. sexag['e]simal.]
Pertaining to, or founded on, the number sixty.
{Sexagesimal fractions} or {numbers} (Arith. & Alg.), those
fractions whose denominators are some power of sixty; as,
1/60, 1/3600, 1/216000; -- called also {astronomical
fractions}, because formerly there were no others used in
astronomical calculations.
{Sexagesimal}, or {Sexagenary}, {arithmetic}, the method of
computing by the sexagenary scale, or by sixties.
{Sexagesimal scale} (Math.), the sexagenary scale.
Sexagesimal \Sex`a*ges"i*mal\, n.
A sexagesimal fraction.
Sexangle \Sex"an`gle\, n. [L. sexangulus sexangular; sex six +
angulus angle: cf. F. sexangle. Cf. {Hexangular}.] (Geom.)
A hexagon. [R.] --Hutton.
Sexangled \Sex"an`gled\, Sexangular \Sex*an"gu*lar\a. [Cf. F.
sexangulaire.]
Having six angles; hexagonal. [R.] --Dryden.
Sexangularly \Sex*an"gu*lar*ly\, adv.
Hexagonally. [R.]
Sexavalent \Sex*av"a*lent\, a.
See {Sexivalent}. [R.]
Sexdigitism \Sex*dig"it*ism\, n. [Sex- + digit.]
The state of having six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a
foot.
Sexdigitist \Sex*dig"it*ist\, n.
One who has six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.
Sexed \Sexed\, a.
Belonging to sex; having sex; distinctively male of female;
as, the sexed condition.
Sexenary \Sex"e*na*ry\, a.
Proceeding by sixes; sextuple; -- applied especially to a
system of arithmetical computation in which the base is six.
Sexennial \Sex*en"ni*al\, a. [L. sexennium a period of six
years, sexennis of six years; sex six + annus a year. See
{Six}, and {Annual}.]
Lasting six years, or happening once in six years. -- n. A
sexennial event.
Sexennially \Sex*en"ni*al*ly\, adv.
Once in six years.
Sexfid \Sex"fid\, Sexifid \Sex"i*fid\, a. [Sex- + root of L.
findere to split: cf. F. sexfide.] (Bot.)
Six-cleft; as, a sexfid calyx or nectary.
Sexisyllabic \Sex`i*syl*lab"ic\, a. [Sex- + syllabic.]
Having six syllables. --Emerson.
Sexisyllable \Sex"i*syl`la*ble\, n. [Sex- + syllable.]
A word of six syllables.
Sexivalent \Sex*iv"a*lent\, a. [Sex- + L. valens, p. pr. See
{Valence}.] (hem.)
Hexavalent. [R.]
Sexless \Sex"less\, a.
Having no sex.
Sexlocular \Sex`loc"u*lar\, a. [Sex- + locular: cf. F.
sexloculaire.] (Bot.)
Having six cells for seeds; six-celled; as, a sexlocular
pericarp.
Sexly \Sex"ly\, a.
Pertaining to sex. [R.]
Should I ascribe any of these things unto myself or my
sexly weakness, I were not worthy to live. --Queen
Elizabeth.
Sexradiate \Sex*ra"di*ate\, a. [Sex- + radiate.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having six rays; -- said of certain sponge spicules. See
Illust. of {Spicule}.
Sext \Sext\, n. [L. sexta, fem. of sextus sixtt, fr. sex six:
cf. F. sexte.] (R.C.Ch.)
(a) The office for the sixth canonical hour, being a part of
the Breviary.
(b) The sixth book of the decretals, added by Pope Boniface
VIII.
Sextain \Sex"tain\, n. [L. sextus sixth, fr. sex six: cf. It.
sestina.] (Pros.)
A stanza of six lines; a sestine.
Sextans \Sex"tans\, n. [L. See {Sextant}.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A Roman coin, the sixth part of an as.
2. (Astron.) A constellation on the equator south of Leo; the
Sextant.
Sextant \Sex"tant\, n. [L. sextans, -antis, the sixth part of an
as, fr. sextus sixth, sex six. See {Six}.]
1. (Math.) The sixth part of a circle.
2. An instrument for measuring angular distances between
objects, -- used esp. at sea, for ascertaining the
latitude and longitude. It is constructed on the same
optical principle as Hadley's quadrant, but usually of
metal, with a nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its
arc the sixth, and sometimes the third, part of a circle.
See {Quadrant}.
3. (Astron.) The constellation Sextans.
{Box sextant}, a small sextant inclosed in a cylindrical case
to make it more portable.
Sextary \Sex"ta*ry\, n.; pl. {Sextaries}. [L. sextarius the
sixth part of a measure, weight, etc., fr. sextus sixth, sex
six.] (Rom. Antiq.)
An ancient Roman liquid and dry measure, about equal to an
English pint.
Sextary \Sex"ta*ry\, n. [For sextonry.]
A sacristy. [Obs.]
Sextet \Sex*tet"\, Sextetto \Sex*tet"to\, n. (Mus.)
See {Sestet}.
Sexteyn \Sex"teyn\, n.
A sacristan. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sextic \Sex"tic\, a. [L. sextus sixth.] (Math.)
Of the sixth degree or order. -- n. (Alg.) A quantic of the
sixth degree.
Sextile \Sex"tile\, a. [F. sextil, fr. L. sextus the sixth, from
sex six. See {Six}.] (Astrol.)
Measured by sixty degrees; fixed or indicated by a distance
of sixty degrees. --Glanvill.
Sextile \Sex"tile\, n. [Cf. F. aspect sextil.] (Astrol.)
The aspect or position of two planets when distant from each
other sixty degrees, or two signs. This position is marked
thus: ********. --Hutton.
Sextillion \Sex*til"lion\, n. [Formed (in imitation of million)
fr. L. sextus sixth, sex six: cf. F. sextilion.]
According to the method of numeration (which is followed also
in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with
twenty-one ciphers annexed. According to the English method,
a million raised to the sixth power, or the number expressed
by a unit with thirty-six ciphers annexed. See {Numeration}.
Sexto \Sex"to\, n.; pl. {Sextos}. [L. sextus sixth.]
A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into six
leaves.
Sextodecimo \Sex`to*dec"i*mo\, a. [L. sextus-decimus the
sixteenth; sextus the sixth (fr. sex six) + decimus the
tenth, from decem ten. See {-mo}.]
Having sixteen leaves to a sheet; of, or equal to, the size
of one fold of a sheet of printing paper when folded so as to
make sixteen leaves, or thirty-two pages; as, a sextodecimo
volume.
Sextodecimo \Sex`to*dec"imo\, n.; pl. {Sextodecimos}.
A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into
sixteen leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a
size of a book; -- usually written 16mo, or 16[deg].
Sextolet \Sex"to*let\, n. (Mus.)
A double triplet; a group of six equal notes played in the
time of four.
Sexton \Sex"ton\, n. [OE. sextein, contr. fr. sacristan.]
An under officer of a church, whose business is to take care
of the church building and the vessels, vestments, etc.,
belonging to the church, to attend on the officiating
clergyman, and to perform other duties pertaining to the
church, such as to dig graves, ring the bell, etc.
{Sexton beetle} (Zo["o]l.), a burying beetle.
Sextoness \Sex"ton*ess\, n.
A female sexton; a sexton's wife.
Sextonry \Sex"ton*ry\, n.
Sextonship. [Obs.] --Ld. Bernes.
Sextonship \Sex"ton*ship\, n.
The office of a sexton. --Swift.
Sextry \Sex"try\, n.
See {Sacristy}. [Obs.]
Sextuple \Sex"tu*ple\, a. [Formed (in imitation of quadruple)
fr. L. sextus sixth: cf. F. sextuple.]
1. Six times as much; sixfold.
2. (Mus.) Divisible by six; having six beats; as, sixtuple
measure.
Sexual \Sex"u*al\, a. [L. sexualis, fr. sexus sex: cf. F.
sexuel.]
Of or pertaining to sex, or the sexes; distinguishing sex;
peculiar to the distinction and office of male or female;
relating to the distinctive genital organs of the sexes;
proceeding from, or based upon, sex; as, sexual
characteristics; sexual intercourse, connection, or commerce;
sexual desire; sexual diseases; sexual generation.
{Sexual dimorphism} (Biol.), the condition of having one of
the sexes existing in two forms, or varieties, differing
in color, size, etc., as in many species of butterflies
which have two kinds of females.
{Sexual method} (Bot.), a method of classification proposed
by Linn[ae]us, founded mainly on difference in number and
position of the stamens and pistils of plants.
{Sexual selection} (Biol.), the selective preference of one
sex for certain characteristics in the other, such as
bright colors, musical notes, etc.; also, the selection
which results from certain individuals of one sex having
more opportunities of pairing with the other sex, on
account of greater activity, strength, courage, etc.;
applied likewise to that kind of evolution which results
from such sexual preferences. --Darwin.
In these cases, therefore, natural selection seems
to have acted independently of sexual selection.
--A. R.
Wallace.
Sexualist \Sex"u*al*ist\, n. (Bot.)
One who classifies plants by the sexual method of Linn[ae]us.
Sexuality \Sex`u*al"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being distinguished by sex.
--Lindley.
Sexualize \Sex"u*al*ize\, v. t.
To attribute sex to.
Sexually \Sex"u*al*ly\, adv.
In a sexual manner or relation.
Sey \Sey\, Seyh \Seyh\, obs.
imp. sing. & 2d pers. pl. of {See}. --Chaucer.
Seye \Seye\, Seyen \Seyen\, obs.
imp. pl. & p. p. of {See}.
Seynd \Seynd\, obs.
p. p. of {Senge}, to singe. -- Chaucer.
Seynt \Seynt\, n.
A gridle. See 1st {Seint}. [Obs.]
Sforzando \Sfor*zan"do\, Sforzato \Sfor*za"to\, a. [It.
sforzando, p. pr., and sforzato, p. p. of sforzare to force.]
(Mus.)
Forcing or forced; -- a direction placed over a note, to
signify that it must be executed with peculiar emphasis and
force; -- marked fz (an abbreviation of forzando), sf, sfz,
or ?.
Sfumato \Sfu*ma"to\, a. [It.] (Paint.)
Having vague outlines, and colors and shades so mingled as to
give a misty appearance; -- said of a painting.
Sgraffito \Sgraf*fi"to\, a. [It.] (Paint.)
Scratched; -- said of decorative painting of a certain style,
in which a white overland surface is cut or scratched
through, so as to form the design from a dark ground
underneath.
Shab \Shab\, n. [OE. shabbe, AS. sc?b. See {Scab}.]
The itch in animals; also, a scab. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shab \Shab\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shabbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shabbing}.] [See {Scab}, 3.]
To play mean tricks; to act shabbily. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shab \Shab\, v. t.
To scratch; to rub. [Obs.] --Farquhar.
Shabbed \Shab"bed\, a.
Shabby. [Obs.] --Wood.
Shabbily \Shab"bi*ly\, adv.
In a shabby manner.
Shabbiness \Shab"bi*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sghabby.
Shabble \Shab"ble\, Shabble \Shab"ble\, n.[Cf. D. sabel, and G.
s["a]bel.]
A kind of crooked sword or hanger. [Scot.]
Shabby \Shab"by\, a. [Compar. {Shabbier}; superl. {Shabbiest}.]
[See {Shab}, n., {Scabby}, and {Scab}.]
1. Torn or worn to rage; poor; mean; ragged.
Wearing shabby coats and dirty shirts. --Macaulay.
2. Clothed with ragged, much worn, or soiled garments. ``The
dean was so shabby.'' --Swift.
3. Mean; paltry; despicable; as, shabby treatment. ``Very
shabby fellows.'' --Clarendon.
Shabrack \Shab"rack\, n. [Turk. tsh[=a]pr[=a]k, whence F.
chabraque, G. shabracke.] (Mil.)
The saddlecloth or housing of a cavalry horse.
Shack \Shack\, v. t. [Prov. E., to shake, to shed. See {Shake}.]
1. To shed or fall, as corn or grain at harvest. [Prov. Eng.]
--Grose.
2. To feed in stubble, or upon waste corn. [Prov. Eng.]
3. To wander as a vagabond or a tramp. [Prev.Eng.]
Shack \Shack\, n. [Cf. Scot. shag refuse of barley or oats.]
1. The grain left after harvest or gleaning; also, nuts which
have fallen to the ground. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Liberty of winter pasturage. [Prov. Eng.]
3. A shiftless fellow; a low, itinerant beggar; a vagabond; a
tramp. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] --Forby.
All the poor old shacks about the town found a
friend in Deacon Marble. --H. W.
Beecher.
{Common of shack} (Eng.Law), the right of persons occupying
lands lying together in the same common field to turn out
their cattle to range in it after harvest. --Cowell.
Shackatory \Shack"a*to*ry\, n.
A hound. [Obs.]
Shackle \Shac"kle\, n.
Stubble. [Prov. Eng.] --Pegge.
Shackle \Shac"kle\, n. [Generally used in the plural.] [OE.
schakkyll, schakle, AS. scacul, sceacul, a shackle, fr.
scacan to shake; cf. D. schakel a link of a chain, a mesh,
Icel. sk["o]kull the pole of a cart. See {Shake}.]
1. Something which confines the legs or arms so as to prevent
their free motion; specifically, a ring or band inclosing
the ankle or wrist, and fastened to a similar shackle on
the other leg or arm, or to something else, by a chain or
a strap; a gyve; a fetter.
His shackles empty left; himself escaped clean.
--Spenser.
2. Hence, that which checks or prevents free action.
His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles.
--South.
3. A fetterlike band worn as an ornament.
Most of the men and women . . . had all earrings
made of gold, and gold shackles about their legs and
arms. --Dampier.
4. A link or loop, as in a chain, fitted with a movable bolt,
so that the parts can be separated, or the loop removed; a
clevis.
5. A link for connecting railroad cars; -- called also
{drawlink}, {draglink}, etc.
6. The hinged and curved bar of a padlock, by which it is
hung to the staple. --Knight.
{Shackle joint} (Anat.), a joint formed by a bony ring
passing through a hole in a bone, as at the bases of
spines in some fishes.
Shackle \Shac"kle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shackled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Shackling}.]
1. To tie or confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free
motion; to bind with shackles; to fetter; to chain.
To lead him shackled, and exposed to scorn Of
gathering crowds, the Britons' boasted chief. --J.
Philips.
2. Figuratively: To bind or confine so as to prevent or
embarrass action; to impede; to cumber.
Shackled by her devotion to the king, she seldom
could pursue that object. --Walpole.
3. To join by a link or chain, as railroad cars. [U. S.]
{Shackle bar}, the coupling between a locomotive and its
tender. [U.S.]
{Shackle bolt}, a shackle. --Sir W. Scott.
Shacklock \Shack"lock`\, n.
A sort of shackle. [Obs.]
Shackly \Shack"ly\, a.
Shaky; rickety. [Colloq. U. S.]
Shad \Shad\ (sh[a^]d), n. sing. & pl. [AS. sceadda a kind of
fish, akin to Prov. G. schade; cf. Ir. & Gael. sgadan a
herring, W. ysgadan herrings; all perhaps akin to E. skate a
fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring
family. The American species ({Clupea sapidissima}), which is
abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers
in spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European
allice shad, or alose ({C. alosa}), and the twaite shad. ({C.
finta}), are less important species. [Written also {chad}.]
Note: The name is loosely applied, also, to several other
fishes, as the gizzard shad (see under {Gizzard}),
called also {mud shad}, {white-eyed shad}, and {winter
shad}.
{Hardboaded}, or {Yellow-tailed}, {shad}, the menhaden.
{Hickory}, or {Tailor}, {shad}, the mattowacca.
{Long-boned shad}, one of several species of important food
fishes of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the genus
{Gerres}.
{Shad bush} (Bot.), a name given to the North American shrubs
or small trees of the rosaceous genus {Amelanchier} ({A.
Canadensis}, and {A. alnifolia}) Their white racemose
blossoms open in April or May, when the shad appear, and
the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or July, whence
they are called Juneberries. The plant is also called
{service tree}, and {Juneberry}.
{Shad frog}, an American spotted frog ({Rana halecina}); --
so called because it usually appears at the time when the
shad begin to run in the rivers.
{Trout shad}, the squeteague.
{White shad}, the common shad.
Shadbird \Shad"bird`\ (sh[a^]d"b[~e]rd), n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The American, or Wilson's, snipe. See under {Snipe}. So
called because it appears at the same time as the shad.
(b) The common European sandpiper. [Prov. Eng.]
Shadd \Shadd\ (sh[a^]d), n. (Mining.)
Rounded stones containing tin ore, lying at the surface of
the ground, and indicating a vein. --Raymond.
Shadde \Shad"de\,
obs. imp. of {Shed}. --Chaucer.
Shaddock \Shad"dock\, n. [Said to be so called from a Captain
Shaddock, who first brought this fruit from the East Indies.]
(Bot.)
A tree ({Citrus decumana}) and its fruit, which is a large
species of orange; -- called also {forbidden fruit}, and
{pompelmous}.
Shade \Shade\ (sh[=a]d), n. [OE. shade, shadewe, schadewe, AS.
sceadu, scead; akin to OS. skado, D. schaduw, OHG. scato,
(gen. scatewes), G. schatten, Goth. skadus, Ir. & Gael.
sgath, and probably to Gr. sko`tos darkness. [root]162. Cf.
{Shadow}, {Shed} a hat.]
1. Comparative obscurity owing to interception or
interruption of the rays of light; partial darkness caused
by the intervention of something between the space
contemplated and the source of light.
Note: Shade differs from shadow as it implies no particular
form or definite limit; whereas a shadow represents in
form the object which intercepts the light. When we
speak of the shade of a tree, we have no reference to
its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or
other object by its shadow, we have reference to its
form and extent.
2. Darkness; obscurity; -- often in the plural.
The shades of night were falling fast. --Longfellow.
3. An obscure place; a spot not exposed to light; hence, a
secluded retreat.
Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there Weep
our sad bosoms empty. --Shak.
4. That which intercepts, or shelters from, light or the
direct rays of the sun; hence, also, that which protects
from heat or currents of air; a screen; protection;
shelter; cover; as, a lamp shade.
The Lord is thy shade upon thy right hand. --Ps.
cxxi. 5.
Sleep under a fresh tree's shade. --Shak.
Let the arched knife well sharpened now assail the
spreading shades of vegetables. --J. Philips.
5. Shadow. [Poetic.]
Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. --Pope.
6. The soul after its separation from the body; -- so called
because the ancients it to be perceptible to the sight,
though not to the touch; a spirit; a ghost; as, the shades
of departed heroes.
Swift as thought the flitting shade Thro' air his
momentary journey made. --Dryden.
7. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) The darker portion of a picture;
a less illuminated part. See Def. 1, above.
8. Degree or variation of color, as darker or lighter,
stronger or paler; as, a delicate shade of pink.
White, red, yellow, blue, with their several
degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green only in by
the eyes. --Locke.
9. A minute difference or variation, as of thought, belief,
expression, etc.; also, the quality or degree of anything
which is distinguished from others similar by slight
differences; as, the shades of meaning in synonyms.
New shades and combinations of thought. --De
Quincey.
Every shade of religious and political opinion has
its own headquarters. --Macaulay.
{The Shades}, the Nether World; the supposed abode of souls
after leaving the body.
Shade \Shade\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shaded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shading}.]
1. To shelter or screen by intercepting the rays of light; to
keep off illumination from. --Milton.
I went to crop the sylvan scenes, And shade our
altars with their leafy greens. --Dryden.
2. To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen;
to hide; as, to shade one's eyes.
Ere in our own house I do shade my head. --Shak.
3. To obscure; to dim the brightness of.
Thou shad'st The full blaze of thy beams. --Milton.
4. To pain in obscure colors; to darken.
5. To mark with gradations of light or color.
6. To present a shadow or image of; to shadow forth; to
represent. [Obs.]
[The goddess] in her person cunningly did shade That
part of Justice which is Equity. --Spenser.
Shadeful \Shade"ful\, a.
Full of shade; shady.
Shadeless \Shade"less\, a.
Being without shade; not shaded.
Shader \Shad"er\, n.
One who, or that which, shades.
Shadily \Shad"i*ly\, adv.
In a shady manner.
Shadiness \Shad"i*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being shady.
Shading \Shad"ing\, n.
1. Act or process of making a shade.
2. That filling up which represents the effect of more or
less darkness, expressing rotundity, projection, etc., in
a picture or a drawing.
Shadoof \Sha*doof"\ (sh[.a]*d[=oo]f"), n. [Ar. sh[=a]d[=u]f.]
A machine, resembling a well sweep, used in Egypt for raising
water from the Nile for irrigation.
Shadow \Shad"ow\ (sh[a^]d"[-o]), n. [Originally the same word as
shade. [root]162. See {Shade}.]
1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of
light, apparent on a surface, and representing the form of
the body which intercepts the rays of light; as, the
shadow of a man, of a tree, or of a tower. See the Note
under {Shade}, n., 1.
2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.
Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise. --Denham.
3. A shaded place; shelter; protection; security.
In secret shadow from the sunny ray, On a sweet bed
of lilies softly laid. --Spenser.
4. A reflected image, as in a mirror or in water. --Shak.
5. That which follows or attends a person or thing like a
shadow; an inseparable companion; hence, an obsequious
follower.
Sin and her shadow Death. --Milton.
6. A spirit; a ghost; a shade; a phantom. ``Hence, horrible
shadow!'' --Shak.
7. An imperfect and faint representation; adumbration;
indistinct image; dim bodying forth; hence, mystical
representation; type.
The law having a shadow of good things to come.
--Heb. x. 1.
[Types] and shadows of that destined seed. --Milton.
8. A small degree; a shade. ``No variableness, neither shadow
of turning.'' --James i. 17.
9. An uninvited guest coming with one who is invited. [A
Latinism] --Nares.
I must not have my board pastered with shadows That
under other men's protection break in Without
invitement. --Massinger.
{Shadow of death}, darkness or gloom like that caused by the
presence or the impending of death. --Ps. xxiii. 4.
Shadow \Shad"ow\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shadowed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Shadowing}.] [OE. shadowen, AS. sceadwian. See {adow},
n.]
1. To cut off light from; to put in shade; to shade; to throw
a shadow upon; to overspead with obscurity.
The warlike elf much wondered at this tree, So fair
and great, that shadowed all the ground. --Spenser.
2. To conceal; to hide; to screen. [R.]
Let every soldier hew him down a bough. And bear't
before him; thereby shall we shadow The numbers of
our host. --Shak.
3. To protect; to shelter from danger; to shroud.
Shadowing their right under your wings of war.
--Shak.
4. To mark with gradations of light or color; to shade.
5. To represent faintly or imperfectly; to adumbrate; hence,
to represent typically.
Augustus is shadowed in the person of [AE]neas.
--Dryden.
6. To cloud; to darken; to cast a gloom over.
The shadowed livery of the burnished sun. --Shak.
Why sad? I must not see the face O love thus
shadowed. --Beau. & Fl.
7. To attend as closely as a shadow; to follow and watch
closely, especially in a secret or unobserved manner; as,
a detective shadows a criminal.
Shadowiness \Shad"ow*i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being shadowy.
Shadowing \Shad"ow*ing\, n.
1. Shade, or gradation of light and color; shading.
--Feltham.
2. A faint representation; an adumbration.
There are . . . in savage theology shadowings,
quaint or majestic, of the conception of a Supreme
Deity. --Tylor.
Shadowish \Shad"ow*ish\, a.
Shadowy; vague. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Shadowless \Shad"ow*less\, a.
Having no shadow.
Shadowy \Shad"ow*y\, a.
1. Full of shade or shadows; causing shade or shadow.
``Shadowy verdure.'' --Fenton.
This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods. --Shak.
2. Hence, dark; obscure; gloomy; dim. ``The shadowy past.''
--Longfellow.
3. Not brightly luminous; faintly light.
The moon . . . with more pleasing light, Shadowy
sets off the face things. --Milton.
4. Faintly representative; hence, typical.
From shadowy types to truth, from flesh to spirit.
--Milton.
5. Unsubstantial; unreal; as, shadowy honor.
Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a
shadowy and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin
and Death. --Addison.
Shadrach \Sha"drach\, n. (Metal.)
A mass of iron on which the operation of smelting has failed
of its intended effect; -- so called from Shadrach, one of
the three Hebrews who came forth unharmed from the fiery
furnace of Nebuchadnezzar. (See --Dan. iii. 26, 27.)
Shad-spirit \Shad"-spir`it\, n.
See {Shadbird}
(a)
Shad-waiter \Shad"-wait`er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A lake whitefish; the roundfish. See {Roundfish}.
Shady \Shad"y\, a. [Compar. {Shadier}; superl. {Shadiest}.]
1. Abounding in shade or shades; overspread with shade;
causing shade.
The shady trees cover him with their shadow. --Job.
xl. 22.
And Amaryllis fills the shady groves. --Dryden.
2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.
Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for
summer and warm for winter. --Bacon.
3. Of or pertaining to shade or darkness; hence, unfit to be
seen or known; equivocal; dubious or corrupt. [Colloq.]
``A shady business.'' --London Sat. Rev.
Shady characters, disreputable, criminal. --London
Spectator.
{On the shady side of}, on the thither side of; as, on the
shady side of fifty; that is, more than fifty. [Colloq.]
{To keep shady}, to stay in concealment; also, to be
reticent. [Slang]
Shaffle \Shaf"fle\, v. i. [See {Shuffle}.]
To hobble or limp; to shuffle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shaffler \Shaf"fler\, n.
A hobbler; one who limps; a shuffer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shafiite \Sha"fi*ite\, n.
A member of one of the four sects of the Sunnites, or
Orthodox Mohammedans; -- so called from its founder, Mohammed
al-Shafe["i].
Shaft \Shaft\, n. [OE. shaft, schaft, AS. sceaft; akin to D.
schacht, OHG. scaft, G. schaft, Dan. & Sw. skaft handle,
haft, Icel. skapt, and probably to L. scapus, Gr. ????, ????,
a staff. Probably originally, a shaven or smoothed rod. Cf.
{Scape}, {Scepter}, {Shave}.]
1. The slender, smooth stem of an arrow; hence, an arrow.
His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft, That
lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft. --Chaucer.
A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele
[stale], the feathers, and the head. --Ascham.
2. The long handle of a spear or similar weapon; hence, the
weapon itself; (Fig.) anything regarded as a shaft to be
thrown or darted; as, shafts of light.
And the thunder, Winged with red lightning and
impetuous rage, Perhaps hath spent his shafts.
--Milton.
Some kinds of literary pursuits . . . have been
attacked with all the shafts of ridicule. --V. Knox.
3. That which resembles in some degree the stem or handle of
an arrow or a spear; a long, slender part, especially when
cylindrical. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) The trunk, stem, or
stalk of a plant.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) The stem or midrib of a feather. See
Illust. of {Feather}.
(c) The pole, or tongue, of a vehicle; also, a thill.
(d) The part of a candlestick which supports its branches.
Thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold . . .
his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his
knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same.
--Ex. xxv. 31.
(e) The handle or helve of certain tools, instruments,
etc., as a hammer, a whip, etc.
(f) A pole, especially a Maypole. [Obs.] --Stow.
(g) (Arch.) The body of a column; the cylindrical pillar
between the capital and base (see Illust. of
{Column}). Also, the part of a chimney above the roof.
Also, the spire of a steeple. [Obs. or R.] --Gwilt.
(h) A column, an obelisk, or other spire-shaped or
columnar monument.
Bid time and nature gently spare The shaft we
raise to thee. --Emerson.
(i) (Weaving) A rod at the end of a heddle.
(j) (Mach.) A solid or hollow cylinder or bar, having one
or more journals on which it rests and revolves, and
intended to carry one or more wheels or other
revolving parts and to transmit power or motion; as,
the shaft of a steam engine. See Illust. of
{Countershaft}.
4. (Zo["o]l.) A humming bird ({Thaumastura cora}) having two
of the tail feathers next to the middle ones very long in
the male; -- called also {cora humming bird}.
5. [Cf. G. schacht.] (Mining) A well-like excavation in the
earth, perpendicular or nearly so, made for reaching and
raising ore, for raising water, etc.
6. A long passage for the admission or outlet of air; an air
shaft.
7. The chamber of a blast furnace.
{Line shaft} (Mach.), a main shaft of considerable length, in
a shop or factory, usually bearing a number of pulleys by
which machines are driven, commonly by means of
countershafts; -- called also {line}, or {main line}.
{Shaft alley} (Naut.), a passage extending from the engine
room to the stern, and containing the propeller shaft.
{Shaft furnace} (Metal.), a furnace, in the form of a
chimney, which is charged at the top and tapped at the
bottom.
Shafted \Shaft"ed\, a.
1. Furnished with a shaft, or with shafts; as, a shafted
arch.
2. (Her.) Having a shaft; -- applied to a spear when the head
and the shaft are of different tinctures.
Shafting \Shaft"ing\, n. (Mach.)
Shafts, collectivelly; a system of connected shafts for
communicating motion.
Shaftman \Shaft"man\, Shaftment \Shaft"ment\, n. [AS.
sceaftmund.]
A measure of about six inches. [Obs.]
Shag \Shag\, n. [AS. sceacga a bush of hair; akin to Icel. skegg
the beard, Sw. sk["a]gg, Dan. skj?g. Cf. {Schock} of hair.]
1. Coarse hair or nap; rough, woolly hair.
True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn.
--Gay.
2. A kind of cloth having a long, coarse nap.
3. (Com.) A kind of prepared tobacco cut fine.
4. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of cormorant.
Shag \Shag\, a.
Hairy; shaggy. --Shak.
Shag \Shag\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shagged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shagging}.]
To make hairy or shaggy; hence, to make rough.
Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal skies. --J.
Barlow.
Shagbark \Shag"bark`\, n. (Bot.)
A rough-barked species of hickory ({Carya alba}), its nut.
Called also {shellbark}. See {Hickory}.
(b) The West Indian {Pithecolobium micradenium}, a legiminous
tree with a red coiled-up pod.
Shagebush \Shage"bush`\, n.
A sackbut. [Obs.]
Shagged \Shag"ged\, a.
Shaggy; rough. --Milton. -- {Shag"ged*ness}, n. --Dr. H.
More.
Shagginess \Shag"gi*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being shaggy; roughness; shaggedness.
Shaggy \Shag"gy\, a. [Compar. {Shaggier}; superl. {Shaggiest}.]
[From {Shag}, n.]
Rough with long hair or wool.
About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin. --Dryden.
2. Rough; rugged; jaggy. --Milton.
[A rill] that winds unseen beneath the shaggy fell.
--Keble.
Shag-haired \Shag"-haired`\, a.
Having shaggy hair. --Shak.
Shag-rag \Shag"-rag`\, n.
The unkempt and ragged part of the community. [Colloq. or
Slang.] --R. Browning.
Shagreen \Sha*green"\, v. t.
To chagrin. [Obs.]
Shagreen \Sha*green"\, n. [F. chagrin, It. zigrino, fr. Turk.
saghri the back of a horse or other beast of burden,
shagreen. Cf. {Chagrin}.]
1. A kind of untanned leather prepared in Russia and the
East, from the skins of horses, asses, and camels, and
grained so as to be covered with small round granulations.
This characteristic surface is produced by pressing small
seeds into the grain or hair side when moist, and
afterward, when dry, scraping off the roughness left
between them, and then, by soaking, causing the portions
of the skin which had been compressed or indented by the
seeds to swell up into relief. It is used for covering
small cases and boxes.
2. The skin of various small sharks and other fishes when
having small, rough, bony scales. The dogfishes of the
genus {Scyllium} furnish a large part of that used in the
arts.
Shagreen \Sha*green"\, Shagreened \Sha*greened"\a.
1. Made or covered with the leather called shagreen. ``A
shagreen case of lancets.'' --T. Hook.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Covered with rough scales or points like those
on shagreen.
Shah \Shah\ (sh[aum]), n. [Per. sh[=a]h a king, sovereign,
prince. Cf. {Checkmate}, {Chess}, {Pasha}.]
The title of the supreme ruler in certain Eastern countries,
especially Persia. [Written also {schah}.]
{Shah Nameh}. [Per., Book of Kings.] A celebrated historical
poem written by Firdousi, being the most ancient in the
modern Persian language. --Brande & C.
Shahin \Sha*hin"\, n. [Ar. sh[=a]h[=i]n.] (Zo["o]l.)
A large and swift Asiatic falcon ({Falco pregrinator}) highly
valued in falconry.
Shaik \Shaik\, n.
See {Sheik}.
Shail \Shail\, v. i. [Cf. AS. sceolh squinting, Icel. skj[=a]gr
wry, oblique, Dan. skele to squint.]
To walk sidewise. [Obs.] --L'Estrange.
Shake \Shake\,
obs. p. p. of {Shake}. --Chaucer.
Shake \Shake\, v. t. [imp. {Shook}; p. p. {Shaken}, ({Shook},
obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. {Shaking}.] [OE. shaken, schaken, AS.
scacan, sceacan; akin to Icel. & Sw. skaka, OS. skakan, to
depart, to flee. [root]161. Cf. {Shock}, v.]
1. To cause to move with quick or violent vibrations; to move
rapidly one way and the other; to make to tremble or
shiver; to agitate.
As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is
shaken of a mighty wind. --Rev. vi. 13.
Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels That shake
heaven's basis. --Milton.
2. Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of;
to cause to waver; to impair the resolution of.
When his doctrines grew too strong to be shook by
his enemies, they persecuted his reputation.
--Atterbury.
Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love Can by
his fraud be shaken or seduced. --Milton.
3. (Mus.) To give a tremulous tone to; to trill; as, to shake
a note in music.
4. To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting
or vibrating motion; to rid one's self of; -- generally
with an adverb, as off, out, etc.; as, to shake fruit down
from a tree.
Shake off the golden slumber of repose. --Shak.
'Tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business
from our age. --Shak.
I could scarcely shake him out of my company.
--Bunyan.
{To shake a cask} (Naut.), to knock a cask to pieces and pack
the staves.
{To shake hands}, to perform the customary act of civility by
clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting,
farewell, good will, agreement, etc.
{To shake out a reef} (Naut.), to untile the reef points and
spread more canvas.
{To shake the bells}. See under {Bell}.
{To shake the sails} (Naut.), to luff up in the wind, causing
the sails to shiver. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Shake \Shake\, v. i.
To be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; to tremble;
to shiver; to quake; to totter.
Under his burning wheels The steadfast empyrean shook
throughout, All but the throne itself of God. --Milton.
What danger? Who 's that that shakes behind there?
--Beau. & Fl.
{Shaking piece}, a name given by butchers to the piece of
beef cut from the under side of the neck. See Illust. of
{Beef}.
Shake \Shake\, n.
1. The act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering
motion; a rapid motion one way and other; a trembling,
quaking, or shivering; agitation.
The great soldier's honor was composed Of thicker
stuff, which could endure a shake. --Herbert.
Our salutations were very hearty on both sides,
consisting of many kind shakes of the hand.
--Addison.
2. A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its being dried
too suddenly. --Gwilt.
3. A fissure in rock or earth.
4. (Mus.) A rapid alternation of a principal tone with
another represented on the next degree of the staff above
or below it; a trill.
5. (Naut.) One of the staves of a hogshead or barrel taken
apart. --Totten.
6. A shook of staves and headings. --Knight.
7. (Zo["o]l.) The redshank; -- so called from the nodding of
its head while on the ground. [Prov. Eng.]
{No great shakes}, of no great importance. [Slang] --Byron.
{The shakes}, the fever and ague. [Colloq. U.S.]
Shakedown \Shake"down`\, n.
A temporary substitute for a bed, as one made on the floor or
on chairs; -- perhaps originally from the shaking down of
straw for this purpose. --Sir W. Scott.
Shakefork \Shake"fork`\, n.
A fork for shaking hay; a pitchfork. [Obs.]
Shaken \Shak"en\, a.
1. Caused to shake; agitated; as, a shaken bough.
2. Cracked or checked; split. See {Shake}, n., 2.
Nor is the wood shaken or twisted. --Barroe.
3. Impaired, as by a shock.
Shaker \Shak"er\, n.
1. A person or thing that shakes, or by means of which
something is shaken.
2. One of a religious sect who do not marry, popularly so
called from the movements of the members in dancing, which
forms a part of their worship.
Note: The sect originated in England in 1747, and came to the
United States in 1774, under the leadership of Mother
Ann Lee. The Shakers are sometimes nicknamed Shaking
Quakers, but they differ from the Quakers in doctrine
and practice. They style themselves the ``United
Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing.''
The sect is now confined in the United States.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A variety of pigeon. --P. J. Selby.
Shakeress \Shak"er*ess\, n.
A female Shaker.
Shakerism \Shak"er*ism\, n.
Doctrines of the Shakers.
Shakespearean \Shake*spear"e*an\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of, Shakespeare or his
works. [Written also {Shakespearian}, {Shakspearean},
{Shakspearian}, {Shaksperean}, {Shaksperian}.etc.]
Shakiness \Shak"i*ness\, n.
Quality of being shaky.
Shakings \Shak"ings\, n. pl. (Naut.)
Deck sweepings, refuse of cordage, canvas, etc. --Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
Shako \Shak"o\, n. [Hung. cs['a]k['o]: cf. F. shako, schako.]
A kind of military cap or headdress.
Shaky \Shak"y\, a. [Compar. {Shakier}; superl. {Shakiest}.]
1. Shaking or trembling; as, a shaky spot in a marsh; a shaky
hand. --Thackeray.
2. Full of shakes or cracks; cracked; as, shaky timber.
--Gwilt.
3. Easily shaken; tottering; unsound; as, a shaky
constitution; shaky business credit. [Colloq.]
Shale \Shale\, n. [AS. scealy, scalu. See {Scalme}, and cf.
{Shell}.]
1. A shell or husk; a cod or pod. ``The green shales of a
bean.'' --Chapman.
2. [G. shale.] (Geol.) A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a
thin, laminated, and often friable, structure.
{Bituminous shale}. See under {Bituminous}.
Shale \Shale\, v. t.
To take off the shell or coat of; to shell.
Life, in its upper grades, was bursting its shell, or
was shaling off its husk. --I. Taylor.
Shall \Shall\, v. i. & auxiliary. [imp. {Should}.] [OE. shal,
schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged,
imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres.
skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen, pres. zal, imp. zoude, zou,
OHG. solan, scolan, pres. scal, sol. imp. scolta, solta, G.
sollen, pres. soll, imp. sollte, Icel. skulu, pres. skal,
imp. skyldi, SW. skola, pres. skall, imp. skulle, Dan.
skulle, pres. skal, imp. skulde, Goth. skulan, pres. skal,
imp. skulda, and to AS. scyld guilt, G. schuld guilt, fault,
debt, and perhaps to L. scelus crime.]
Note: [Shall is defective, having no infinitive, imperative,
or participle.]
1. To owe; to be under obligation for. [Obs.] ``By the faith
I shall to God'' --Court of Love.
2. To be obliged; must. [Obs.] ``Me athinketh [I am sorry]
that I shall rehearse it her.'' --Chaucer.
3. As an auxiliary, shall indicates a duty or necessity whose
obligation is derived from the person speaking; as, you
shall go; he shall go; that is, I order or promise your
going. It thus ordinarily expresses, in the second and
third persons, a command, a threat, or a promise. If the
auxillary be emphasized, the command is made more
imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It
is also employed in the language of prophecy; as, ``the
day shall come when . . ., '' since a promise or threat
and an authoritative prophecy nearly coincide in
significance. In shall with the first person, the
necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing
elsewhere than in the speaker; as, I shall suffer; we
shall see; and there is always a less distinct and
positive assertion of his volition than is indicated by
will. ``I shall go'' implies nearly a simple futurity;
more exactly, a foretelling or an expectation of my going,
in which, naturally enough, a certain degree of plan or
intention may be included; emphasize the shall, and the
event is described as certain to occur, and the expression
approximates in meaning to our emphatic ``I will go.'' In
a question, the relation of speaker and source of
obligation is of course transferred to the person
addressed; as, ``Shall you go?'' (answer, ``I shall go'');
``Shall he go?'' i. e., ``Do you require or promise his
going?'' (answer, ``He shall go''.) The same relation is
transferred to either second or third person in such
phrases as ``You say, or think, you shall go;'' ``He says,
or thinks, he shall go.'' After a conditional conjunction
(as if, whether) shall is used in all persons to express
futurity simply; as, if I, you, or he shall say they are
right. Should is everywhere used in the same connection
and the same senses as shall, as its imperfect. It also
expresses duty or moral obligation; as, he should do it
whether he will or not. In the early English, and hence in
our English Bible, shall is the auxiliary mainly used, in
all the persons, to express simple futurity. (Cf. {Will},
v. t.) Shall may be used elliptically; thus, with an
adverb or other word expressive of motion go may be
omitted. ``He to England shall along with you.'' --Shak.
Note: Shall and will are often confounded by inaccurate
speakers and writers. Say: I shall be glad to see you.
Shall I do this? Shall I help you? (not Will I do
this?) See {Will}.
Shalli \Shal"li\, n.
See {Challis}.
Shallon \Shal"lon\, n. (Bot.)
An evergreen shrub ({Gaultheria Shallon}) of Northwest
America; also, its fruit. See {Salal-berry}.
Shalloon \Shal*loon"\, n. [F. chalon, from Ch[^a]lons, in
France, where it was first made.]
A thin, loosely woven, twilled worsted stuff.
In blue shalloon shall Hannibal be clad. --Swift.
Shallop \Shal"lop\, n. [F. chaloupe, probably from D. sloep. Cf.
{Sloop}.] (Naut.)
A boat.
[She] thrust the shallop from the floating strand.
--Spenser.
Note: The term shallop is applied to boats of all sizes, from
a light canoe up to a large boat with masts and sails.
Shallot \Shal*lot"\, n. [OF. eschalote (for escalone), F.
['e]chalote. See {Scallion}, and cf. {Eschalot}.] (Bot.)
A small kind of onion ({Allium Ascalonicum}) growing in
clusters, and ready for gathering in spring; a scallion, or
eschalot.
Shallow \Shal"low\, a. [Compar. {Shallower}; superl.
{Shallowest}.] [OE. schalowe, probably originally, sloping or
shelving; cf. Icel. skj[=a]lgr wry, squinting, AS. sceolh, D.
& G. scheel, OHG. schelah. Cf. {Shelve} to slope, {Shoal}
shallow.]
1. Not deep; having little depth; shoal. ``Shallow brooks,
and rivers wide.'' --Milton.
2. Not deep in tone. [R.]
The sound perfecter and not so shallow and jarring.
--Bacon.
3. Not intellectually deep; not profound; not penetrating
deeply; simple; not wise or knowing; ignorant;
superficial; as, a shallow mind; shallow learning.
The king was neither so shallow, nor so ill
advertised, as not to perceive the intention of the
French king. --Bacon.
Deep versed in books, and shallow in himself.
--Milton.
Shallow \Shal"low\, n.
1. A place in a body of water where the water is not deep; a
shoal; a flat; a shelf.
A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon
shallows of gravel. --Bacon.
Dashed on the shallows of the moving sand. --Dryden.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The rudd. [Prov. Eng.]
Shallow \Shal"low\, v. t.
To make shallow. --Sir T. Browne.
Shallow \Shal"low\, v. i.
To become shallow, as water.
Shallow-bodied \Shal"low-bod`ied\, a. (Naut.)
Having a moderate depth of hold; -- said of a vessel.
Shallow-brained \Shal"low-brained`\, a.
Weak in intellect; foolish; empty-headed. --South.
Shallow-hearted \Shal"low-heart`ed\, a.
Incapable of deep feeling. --Tennyson.
Shallowly \Shal"low*ly\, adv.
In a shallow manner.
Shallowness \Shal"low*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being shallow.
Shallow-pated \Shal"low-pat`ed\, a.
Shallow-brained.
Shallow-waisted \Shal"low-waist`ed\, a. (Naut.)
Having a flush deck, or with only a moderate depression
amidships; -- said of a vessel.
Shalm \Shalm\, n.
See {Shawm}. [Obs.] --Knolles.
Shalt \Shalt\,
2d per. sing. of {Shall}.
Shaly \Shal"y\, a.
Resembling shale in structure.
Sham \Sham\, n. [Originally the same word as shame, hence, a
disgrace, a trick. See {Shame}, n.]
1. That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or
device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe;
delusion; imposture, humbug. ``A mere sham.'' --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Believe who will the solemn sham, not I. --Addison.
2. A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
{Pillow sham}, a covering to be laid on a pillow.
Sham \Sham\, a.
False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham
fight.
They scorned the sham independence proffered to them by
the Athenians. --Jowett
(Thucyd)
Sham \Sham\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shammed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shamming}.]
1. To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false
pretenses.
Fooled and shammed into a conviction. --L'Estrange.
2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition. [R.]
We must have a care that we do not . . . sham
fallacies upon the world for current reason.
--L'Estrange.
3. To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape;
to feign.
{To sham Abram} or {Abraham}, to feign sickness; to malinger.
Hence a malingerer is called, in sailors' cant, Sham
Abram, or Sham Abraham.
Sham \Sham\, v. i.
To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
Wondering . . . whether those who lectured him were
such fools as they professed to be, or were only
shamming. --Macaulay.
Shama \Sha"ma\, n. [Hind. sh[=a]m[=a].] (Zo["o]l.)
A saxicoline singing bird ({Kittacincla macroura}) of India,
noted for the sweetness and power of its song. In confinement
it imitates the notes of other birds and various animals with
accuracy. Its head, neck, back, breast, and tail are glossy
black, the rump white, the under parts chestnut.
Shaman \Sha"man\, n. [From the native name.]
A priest of Shamanism; a wizard among the Shamanists.
Shamanic \Sha*man"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to Shamanism.
Shamanism \Sha"man*ism\, n.
The type of religion which once prevalied among all the
Ural-Altaic peoples (Tungusic, Mongol, and Turkish), and
which still survives in various parts of Northern Asia. The
Shaman, or wizard priest, deals with good as well as with
evil spirits, especially the good spirits of ancestors.
--Encyc. Brit.
Shamanist \Sha"man*ist\, n.
An adherent of Shamanism.
Shamble \Sham"ble\, n. [OE. schamel a bench, stool, AS. scamel,
sceamol, a bench, form, stool, fr. L. scamellum, dim. of
scamnum a bench, stool.]
1. (Mining) One of a succession of niches or platforms, one
above another, to hold ore which is thrown successively
from platform to platform, and thus raised to a higher
level.
2. pl. A place where butcher's meat is sold.
As summer flies are in the shambles. --Shak.
3. pl. A place for slaughtering animals for meat.
To make a shambles of the parliament house. --Shak.
Shamble \Sham"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shambled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Shambling}.] [Cf. OD. schampelen to slip, schampen to
slip away, escape. Cf. {Scamble}, {Scamper}.]
To walk awkwardly and unsteadily, as if the knees were weak;
to shuffle along.
Shambling \Sham"bling\, a.
Characterized by an awkward, irregular pace; as, a shambling
trot; shambling legs.
Shambling \Sham"bling\, n.
An awkward, irregular gait.
Shame \Shame\, n. [OE. shame, schame, AS. scamu, sceamu; akin to
OS. & OHG. scama, G. scham, Icel. sk["o]mm, shkamm, Sw. &
Dan. skam, D. & G. schande, Goth. skanda shame, skaman sik to
be ashamed; perhaps from a root skam meaning to cover, and
akin to the root (kam) of G. hemd shirt, E. chemise. Cf.
{Sham}.]
1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt or
impropriety, or of having done something which injures
reputation, or of the exposure of that which nature or
modesty prompts us to conceal.
HIde, for shame, Romans, your grandsires' images,
That blush at their degenerate progeny. --Dryden.
Have you no modesty, no maiden shame? --Shak.
2. Reproach incurred or suffered; dishonor; ignominy;
derision; contempt.
Ye have borne the shame of the heathen. --Ezek.
xxxvi. 6.
Honor and shame from no condition rise. --Pope.
And every woe a tear can claim Except an erring
sister's shame. --Byron.
3. The cause or reason of shame; that which brings reproach,
and degrades a person in the estimation of others;
disgrace.
O C?sar, what a wounding shame is this! --Shak.
Guides who are the shame of religion. --Shak.
4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered; the
private parts. --Isa. xlvii. 3.
{For shame!} you should be ashamed; shame on you!
{To put to shame}, to cause to feel shame; to humiliate; to
disgrace. ``Let them be driven backward and put to shame
that wish me evil.'' --Ps. xl. 14.
Shame \Shame\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shamed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shaming}.]
1. To make ashamed; to excite in (a person) a comsciousness
of guilt or impropriety, or of conduct derogatory to
reputation; to put to shame.
Were there but one righteous in the world, he would
. . . shame the world, and not the world him.
--South.
2. To cover with reproach or ignominy; to dishonor; to
disgrace.
And with foul cowardice his carcass shame.
--Spenser.
3. To mock at; to deride. [Obs. or R.]
Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor. --Ps. xiv.
6.
Shame \Shame\, v. i. [AS. scamian, sceamian. See {Shame}, n.]
To be ashamed; to feel shame. [R.]
I do shame To think of what a noble strain you are.
--Shak.
Shamefaced \Shame"faced`\, a. [For shamefast; AS. scamf[ae]st.
See {Shame}, n., and {Fast} firm.]
Easily confused or put out of countenance; diffident;
bashful; modest.
Your shamefaced virtue shunned the people's prise.
--Dryden.
Note: Shamefaced was once shamefast, shamefacedness was
shamefastness, like steadfast and steadfastness; but
the ordinary manifestations of shame being by the face,
have brought it to its present orthography. --Trench.
-- {Shame"faced}, adv. -- {Shame"faced`ness}, n.
Shamefast \Shame"fast\, a. [AS. scamf[ae]st.]
Modest; shamefaced. -- {Shame"fast*ly}, adv. --
{Shame"fast*ness}, n. [Archaic] See {Shamefaced}.
Shamefast she was in maiden shamefastness. --Chaucer.
[Conscience] is a blushing shamefast spirit. --Shak.
Modest apparel with shamefastness. --1 Tim. ii. 9
(Rev. Ver.).
Shameful \Shame"ful\, a.
1. Bringing shame or disgrace; injurious to reputation;
disgraceful.
His naval preparations were not more surprising than
his quick and shameful retreat. --Arbuthnot.
2. Exciting the feeling of shame in others; indecent; as, a
shameful picture; a shameful sight. --Spenser.
Syn: Disgraceful; reproachful; indecent; unbecoming;
degrading; scandalous; ignominious; infamous. --
{Shame"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Shame"ful*ness}, n.
Shameless \Shame"less\, a. [AS. scamle['a]s.]
1. Destitute of shame; wanting modesty; brazen-faced;
insensible to disgrace. ``Such shameless bards we have.''
--Pope.
Shame enough to shame thee, wert thou not shameless.
--Shak.
2. Indicating want of modesty, or sensibility to disgrace;
indecent; as, a shameless picture or poem.
Syn: Impudent; unblushing; audacious; immodest; indecent;
indelicate. -- {Shame"less*ly}, adv. --
{Shame"less*ness}, n.
Shame-proof \Shame"-proof`\, n.
Shameless. --Shak.
Shamer \Sham"er\, n.
One who, or that which, disgraces, or makes ashamed. --Beau.
& Fl.
Shammer \Sham"mer\, n.
One who shams; an impostor. --Johnson.
Shammy \Sham"my\, n. [F. chamious a chamois, shammy leather. See
{Chamois}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The chamois.
2. A soft, pliant leather, prepared originally from the skin
of the chamois, but now made also from the skin of the
sheep, goat, kid, deer, and calf. See {Shamoying}.
[Written also {chamois}, {shamoy}, and {shamois}.]
Shamois \Sham"ois\, Shamoy \Sham"oy\, n.
See {Shammy}.
Shamoying \Sha*moy"ing\, n. [See {Shammy}.]
A process used in preparing certain kinds of leather, which
consists in frizzing the skin, and working oil into it to
supply the place of the astringent (tannin, alum, or the
like) ordinarily used in tanning.
Shampoo \Sham*poo"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shampooed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Shampooing}.] [Hind. ch[=a]mpn[=a] to press, to
squeeze.] [Writing also {champoo}.]
1. To press or knead the whole surface of the body of (a
person), and at the same time to stretch the limbs and
joints, in connection with the hot bath.
2. To wash throughly and rub the head of (a person), with the
fingers, using either soap, or a soapy preparation, for
the more thorough cleansing.
Shampoo \Sham*poo"\, n.
The act of shampooing.
Shampooer \Sham*poo"er\, n.
One who shampoos.
Shamrock \Sham"rock\, n. [L. seamrog, seamar, trefoil, white
clover, white honeysuckle; akin to Gael. seamrag.] (Bot.)
A trifoliate plant used as a national emblem by the Irish.
The legend is that St. Patrick once plucked a leaf of it for
use in illustrating the doctrine of the trinity.
Note: The original plant was probably a kind of wood sorrel
({Oxalis Acetocella}); but now the name is given to the
white clover ({Trifolium repens}), and the black medic
({Medicago lupulina}).
Shandrydan \Shan"dry*dan\, n.
A jocosely depreciative name for a vehicle. [Ireland]
Shandygaff \Shan"dy*gaff\, n.
A mixture of strong beer and ginger beer. [Eng.]
Shanghai \Shang`hai"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shanghaied}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Shanghaiing}.]
To intoxicate and ship (a person) as a sailor while in this
condition. [Written also {shanghae}.] [Slang, U.S.]
Shanghai \Shang`hai"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large and tall breed of domestic fowl.
Shank \Shank\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Chank}.
Shank \Shank\, n. [OE. shanke, schanke, schonke, AS. scanca,
sceanca, sconca, sceonca; akin to D. schonk a bone, G.
schenkel thigh, shank, schinken ham, OHG. scincha shank, Dan.
& Sw. skank. [root]161. Cf. {Skink}, v.]
1. The part of the leg from the knee to the foot; the shin;
the shin bone; also, the whole leg.
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For
his shrunk shank. --Shak.
2. Hence, that part of an instrument, tool, or other thing,
which connects the acting part with a handle or other
part, by which it is held or moved. Specifically:
(a) That part of a key which is between the bow and the
part which enters the wards of the lock.
(b) The middle part of an anchor, or that part which is
between the ring and the arms. See Illustr. of
{Anchor}.
(c) That part of a hoe, rake, knife, or the like, by which
it is secured to a handle.
(d) A loop forming an eye to a button.
3. (Arch.) The space between two channels of the Doric
triglyph. --Gwilt.
4. (Founding) A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with
long bars for handling it.
5. (Print.) The body of a type.
6. (Shoemaking) The part of the sole beneath the instep
connecting the broader front part with the heel.
7. (Zo["o]l.) A wading bird with long legs; as, the
green-legged shank, or knot; the yellow shank, or tattler;
-- called also {shanks}.
8. pl. Flat-nosed pliers, used by opticians for nipping off
the edges of pieces of glass to make them round.
{Shank painter} (Naut.), a short rope or chain which holds
the shank of an anchor against the side of a vessel when
it is secured for a voyage.
{To ride shank's mare}, to go on foot; to walk.
Shank \Shank\, v. i.
To fall off, as a leaf, flower, or capsule, on account of
disease affecting the supporting footstalk; -- usually
followed by off. --Darwin.
Shankbeer \Shank"beer`\, n.
See {Schenkbeer}.
Shanked \Shanked\, a.
Having a shank.
Shanker \Shank"er\, n. (Med.)
See {Chancre}.
Shanny \Shan"ny\, n.; pl. {Shannies}. [Etymol. uncertain.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The European smooth blenny ({Blennius pholis}). It is
olive-green with irregular black spots, and without
appendages on the head.
Shan't \Shan't\
A contraction of shall not. [Colloq.]
Shanty \Shan"ty\, a.
Jaunty; showy. [Prov. Eng.]
Shanty \Shan"ty\, n.;pl. {Shanties}. [Said to be fr. Ir. sean
old + tig. a house.]
A small, mean dwelling; a rough, slight building for
temporary use; a hut.
Shanty \Shan"ty\, v. i.
To inhabit a shanty. --S. H. Hammond.
Shapable \Shap"a*ble\, a.
1. That may be shaped.
2. Shapely. [R.] ``Round and shapable.'' --De Foe.
Shape \Shape\ (sh[=a]p), v. t. [imp. {Shaped} (sh[=a]pt); p. p.
{Shaped} or {Shapen} (sh[=a]p"'n); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shaping}.] [OE. shapen, schapen, AS. sceapian. The p. p.
shapen is from the strong verb, AS. scieppan, scyppan,
sceppan, p. p. sceapen. See {Shape}, n.]
1. To form or create; especially, to mold or make into a
particular form; to give proper form or figure to.
I was shapen in iniquity. --Ps. li. 5.
Grace shaped her limbs, and beauty decked her face.
--Prior.
2. To adapt to a purpose; to regulate; to adjust; to direct;
as, to shape the course of a vessel.
To the stream, when neither friends, nor force, Nor
speed nor art avail, he shapes his course. --Denham.
Charmed by their eyes, their manners I acquire, And
shape my foolishness to their desire. --Prior.
3. To image; to conceive; to body forth.
Oft my jealousy Shapes faults that are not. --Shak.
4. To design; to prepare; to plan; to arrange.
When shapen was all this conspiracy, From point to
point. --Chaucer.
{Shaping machine}. (Mach.) Same as {Shaper}.
{To shape one's self}, to prepare; to make ready. [Obs.]
I will early shape me therefor. --Chaucer.
Shape \Shape\ (sh[=a]p), v. i.
To suit; to be adjusted or conformable. [R.] --Shak.
Shape \Shape\, n. [OE. shap, schap, AS. sceap in gesceap
creation, creature, fr. the root of scieppan, scyppan,
sceppan, to shape, to do, to effect; akin to OS. giskeppian,
OFries. skeppa, D. scheppen, G. schaffen, OHG. scaffan,
scepfen, skeffen, Icer. skapa, skepja, Dan. skabe, skaffe,
Sw. skapa, skaffa, Goth. gaskapjan, and perhaps to E. shave,
v. Cf. {-ship}.]
1. Character or construction of a thing as determining its
external appearance; outward aspect; make; figure; form;
guise; as, the shape of a tree; the shape of the head; an
elegant shape.
He beat me grievously, in the shape of a woman.
--Shak.
2. That which has form or figure; a figure; an appearance; a
being.
Before the gates three sat, On either side, a
formidable shape. --Milton.
3. A model; a pattern; a mold.
4. Form of embodiment, as in words; form, as of thought or
conception; concrete embodiment or example, as of some
quality. --Milton.
5. Dress for disguise; guise. [Obs.]
Look better on this virgin, and consider This
Persian shape laid by, and she appearing In a
Greekish dress. --Messinger.
6. (Iron Manuf.)
(a) A rolled or hammered piece, as a bar, beam, angle
iron, etc., having a cross section different from
merchant bar.
(b) A piece which has been roughly forged nearly to the
form it will receive when completely forged or fitted.
{To take shape}, to assume a definite form.
Shapeless \Shape"less\, a.
Destitute of shape or regular form; wanting symmetry of
dimensions; misshapen; -- opposed to {shapely}. --
{Shape"less*ness}, n.
The shapeless rock, or hanging precipice. --Pope.
Shapeliness \Shape"li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being shapely.
Shapely \Shape"ly\, a. [Compar. {Shapelier}; superl.
{Shapeliest}.]
1. Well-formed; having a regular shape; comely; symmetrical.
--T. Warton.
Waste sandy valleys, once perplexed with thorn, The
spiry fir and shapely box adorn. --Pope.
Where the shapely column stood. --Couper.
2. Fit; suitable. [Obs.]
Shaply for to be an alderman. --Chaucer.
Shaper \Shap"er\, n.
1. One who shapes; as, the shaper of one's fortunes.
The secret of those old shapers died with them.
--Lowell.
2. That which shapes; a machine for giving a particular form
or outline to an object. Specifically;
(a) (Metal Working) A kind of planer in which the tool,
instead of the work, receives a reciprocating motion,
usually from a crank.
(b) (Wood Working) A machine with a vertically revolving
cutter projecting above a flat table top, for cutting
irregular outlines, moldings, etc.
Shapoo \Sha"poo\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The o["o]rial.
Shard \Shard\ (sh[aum]rd), n.
A plant; chard. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Shard \Shard\, n. [AS. sceard, properly a p. p. from the root of
scearn to shear, to cut; akin to D. schaard a fragment, G.
scharte a notch, Icel. skar[eth]. See {Shear}, and cf.
{Sherd}.] [Written also {sheard}, and {sherd}.]
1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel, or a like
brittle substance, as the shell of an egg or snail.
--Shak.
The precious dish Broke into shards of beauty on the
board. --E. Arnold.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The hard wing case of a beetle.
They are his shards, and he their beetle. --Shak.
3. A gap in a fence. [Obs.] --Stanyhurst.
4. A boundary; a division. [Obs. & R.] --Spenser.
Shard-borne \Shard"-borne`\, a.
Borne on shards or scaly wing cases. ``The shard-borne
beetle.'' --Shak.
Sharded \Shard"ed\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having elytra, as a beetle.
Shardy \Shard"y\, a.
Having, or consisting of, shards.
Share \Share\, n. [OE. schar, AS. scear; akin to OHG. scaro, G.
schar, pflugshar, and E. shear, v. See {Shear}.]
1. The part (usually an iron or steel plate) of a plow which
cuts the ground at the bottom of a furrow; a plowshare.
2. The part which opens the ground for the reception of the
seed, in a machine for sowing seed. --Knight.
Share \Share\, n. [OE. share, AS. scearu, scaru, fr. sceran to
shear, cut. See {Shear}, v.]
1. A certain quantity; a portion; a part; a division; as, a
small share of prudence.
2. Especially, the part allotted or belonging to one, of any
property or interest owned by a number; a portion among
others; an apportioned lot; an allotment; a dividend. ``My
share of fame.'' --Dryden.
3. Hence, one of a certain number of equal portions into
which any property or invested capital is divided; as, a
ship owned in ten shares.
4. The pubes; the sharebone. [Obs.] --Holland.
{To go shares}, to partake; to be equally concerned.
{Share and share alike}, in equal shares.
Share \Share\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sharing}.]
1. To part among two or more; to distribute in portions; to
divide.
Suppose I share my fortune equally between my
children and a stranger. --Swift.
2. To partake of, use, or experience, with others; to have a
portion of; to take and possess in common; as, to share a
shelter with another.
While avarice and rapine share the land. --Milton.
3. To cut; to shear; to cleave; to divide. [Obs.]
The shared visage hangs on equal sides. --Dryden.
Share \Share\, v. i.
To have part; to receive a portion; to partake, enjoy, or
suffer with others.
A right of inheritance gave every one a title to share
in the goods of his father. --Locke.
Sharebeam \Share"beam`\, n.
The part of the plow to which the share is attached.
Sharebone \Share"bone`\, n. (Anat.)
The public bone.
Sharebroker \Share"bro`ker\, n.
A broker who deals in railway or other shares and securities.
Shareholder \Share"hold`er\, n.
One who holds or owns a share or shares in a joint fund or
property.
Sharer \Shar"er\, n.
One who shares; a participator; a partaker; also, a divider;
a distributer.
Sharewort \Share"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A composite plant ({Aster Tripolium}) growing along the
seacoast of Europe.
Shark \Shark\, n. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps through OF. fr.
carcharus a kind of dogfish, Gr. karchari`as, so called from
its sharp teeth, fr. ka`rcharos having sharp or jagged teeth;
or perhaps named from its rapacity (cf. {Shark}, v. t. & i.);
cf. Corn. scarceas.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch
fishes of the order Plagiostomi, found in all seas.
Note: Some sharks, as the basking shark and the whale shark,
grow to an enormous size, the former becoming forty
feet or more, and the latter sixty feet or more, in
length. Most of them are harmless to man, but some are
exceedingly voracious. The man-eating sharks mostly
belong to the genera {Carcharhinus}, {Carcharodon}, and
related genera. They have several rows of large sharp
teeth with serrated edges, as the great white shark
({Carcharodon carcharias, or Rondeleti}) of tropical
seas, and the great blue shark ({Carcharhinus glaucus})
of all tropical and temperate seas. The former
sometimes becomes thirty-six feet long, and is the most
voracious and dangerous species known. The rare
man-eating shark of the United States coast
({Charcarodon Atwoodi}) is thought by some to be a
variety, or the young, of {C. carcharias}. The dusky
shark ({Carcharhinus obscurus}), and the smaller blue
shark ({C. caudatus}), both common species on the coast
of the United States, are of moderate size and not
dangerous. They feed on shellfish and bottom fishes.
2. A rapacious, artful person; a sharper. [Colloq.]
3. Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark.
[Obs.] --South.
{Baskin shark}, {Liver shark}, {Nurse shark}, {Oil shark},
{Sand shark}, {Tiger shark}, etc. See under {Basking},
{Liver}, etc. See also {Dogfish}, {Houndfish},
{Notidanian}, and {Tope}.
{Gray shark}, the sand shark.
{Hammer-headed shark}. See {Hammerhead}.
{Port Jackson shark}. See {Cestraciont}.
{Shark barrow}, the eggcase of a shark; a sea purse.
{Shark ray}. Same as {Angel fish}
(a), under {Angel}.
{Thrasher} shark, or {Thresher shark}, a large, voracious
shark. See {Thrasher}.
{Whale shark}, a huge harmless shark ({Rhinodon typicus}) of
the Indian Ocean. It becomes sixty feet or more in length,
but has very small teeth.
Shark \Shark\, v. t. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. shark,
n., or perhaps related to E. shear (as hearken to hear), and
originally meaning, to clip off. Cf. {Shirk}.]
To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Shark \Shark\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sharked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sharking}.]
1. To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to
swindle.
Neither sharks for a cup or a reckoning. --Bp.
Earle.
2. To live by shifts and stratagems. --Beau. & Fl.
Sharker \Shark"er\, n.
One who lives by sharking.
Sharking \Shark"ing\, n.
Petty rapine; trick; also, seeking a livelihood by shifts and
dishonest devices.
Sharock \Shar"ock\, n.
An East Indian coin of the value of 121/2 pence sterling, or
about 25 cents.
Sharp \Sharp\, a. [Compar. {Sharper}; superl. {Sharpest}.] [OE.
sharp, scharp, scarp, AS. scearp; akin to OS. skarp, LG.
scharp, D. scherp, G. scharf, Dan. & Sw. skarp, Icel. skarpr.
Cf. {Escarp}, {Scrape}, {Scorpion}.]
1. Having a very thin edge or fine point; of a nature to cut
or pierce easily; not blunt or dull; keen.
He dies upon my scimeter's sharp point. --Shak.
2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse or rounded;
somewhat pointed or edged; peaked or ridged; as, a sharp
hill; sharp features.
3. Affecting the sense as if pointed or cutting, keen,
penetrating, acute: to the taste or smell, pungent, acid,
sour, as ammonia has a sharp taste and odor; to the
hearing, piercing, shrill, as a sharp sound or voice; to
the eye, instantaneously brilliant, dazzling, as a sharp
flash.
4. (Mus.)
(a) High in pitch; acute; as, a sharp note or tone.
(b) Raised a semitone in pitch; as, C sharp (C[sharp]),
which is a half step, or semitone, higher than C.
(c) So high as to be out of tune, or above true pitch; as,
the tone is sharp; that instrument is sharp. Opposed
in all these senses to {flat}.
5. Very trying to the feelings; piercing; keen; severe;
painful; distressing; as, sharp pain, weather; a sharp and
frosty air.
Sharp misery had worn him to the bones. --Shak.
The morning sharp and clear. --Cowper.
In sharpest perils faithful proved. --Keble.
6. Cutting in language or import; biting; sarcastic; cruel;
harsh; rigorous; severe; as, a sharp rebuke. ``That sharp
look.'' --Tennyson.
To that place the sharp Athenian law Can not pursue
us. --Shak.
Be thy words severe, Sharp as merits but the sword
forbear. --Dryden.
7. Of keen perception; quick to discern or distinguish;
having nice discrimination; acute; penetrating; sagacious;
clever; as, a sharp eye; sharp sight, hearing, or
judgment.
Nothing makes men sharper . . . than want.
--Addison.
Many other things belong to the material world,
wherein the sharpest philosophers have never ye?
arrived at clear and distinct ideas. --L. Watts.
8. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest; impatient for
gratification; keen; as, a sharp appetite.
9. Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; impetuous. ``In sharp
contest of battle.'' --Milton.
A sharp assault already is begun. --Dryden.
10. Keenly or unduly attentive to one's own interest; close
and exact in dealing; shrewd; as, a sharp dealer; a sharp
customer.
The necessity of being so sharp and exacting.
--Swift.
11. Composed of hard, angular grains; gritty; as, sharp sand.
--Moxon.
12. Steep; precipitous; abrupt; as, a sharp ascent or
descent; a sharp turn or curve.
13. (Phonetics) Uttered in a whisper, or with the breath
alone, without voice, as certain consonants, such as p,
k, t, f; surd; nonvocal; aspirated.
Note: Sharp is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, sharp-cornered, sharp-edged,
sharp-pointed, sharp-tasted, sharp-visaged, etc.
{Sharp practice}, the getting of an advantage, or the attempt
to do so, by a tricky expedient.
{To brace sharp}, or {To sharp up} (Naut.), to turn the yards
to the most oblique position possible, that the ship may
lie well up to the wind.
Syn: Keen; acute; piercing; penetrating; quick; sagacious;
discerning; shrewd; witty; ingenious; sour; acid; tart;
pungent; acrid; severe; poignant; biting; acrimonious;
sarcastic; cutting; bitter; painful; afflictive;
violent; harsh; fierce; ardent; fiery.
Sharp \Sharp\, adv.
1. To a point or edge; piercingly; eagerly; sharply. --M.
Arnold.
The head [of a spear] full sharp yground. --Chaucer.
You bite so sharp at reasons. --Shak.
2. Precisely; exactly; as, we shall start at ten o'clock
sharp. [Colloq.]
{Look sharp}, attend; be alert. [Colloq.]
Sharp \Sharp\, n.
1. A sharp tool or weapon. [Obs.]
If butchers had but the manners to go to sharps,
gentlemen would be contented with a rubber at cuffs.
--Collier.
2. (Mus.)
(a) The character [[sharp]] used to indicate that the note
before which it is placed is to be raised a half step,
or semitone, in pitch.
(b) A sharp tone or note. --Shak.
3. A portion of a stream where the water runs very rapidly.
[Prov. Eng.] --C. Kingsley.
4. A sewing needle having a very slender point; a needle of
the most pointed of the three grades, blunts, betweens,
and sharps.
5. pl. Same as {Middlings}, 1.
6. An expert. [Slang]
Sharp \Sharp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sharped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sharping}.]
1. To sharpen. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. (Mus.) To raise above the proper pitch; to elevate the
tone of; especially, to raise a half step, or semitone,
above the natural tone.
Sharp \Sharp\, v. i.
1. To play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper.
--L'Estrange.
2. (Mus.) To sing above the proper pitch.
Sharp-cut \Sharp-cut`\, a.
Cut sharply or definitely, or so as to make a clear,
well-defined impression, as the lines of an engraved plate,
and the like; clear-cut; hence, having great distinctness;
well-defined; clear.
Sharpen \Sharp"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sarpened}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sharpening}.] [See {Sharp}, a.]
To make sharp. Specifically:
(a) To give a keen edge or fine point to; to make sharper;
as, to sharpen an ax, or the teeth of a saw.
(b) To render more quick or acute in perception; to make more
ready or ingenious.
The air . . . sharpened his visual ray To objects
distant far. --Milton.
He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and
sharpens our skill. --Burke.
(c) To make more eager; as, to sharpen men's desires.
Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his
appetite. --Shak.
(d) To make more pungent and intense; as, to sharpen a pain
or disease.
(e) To make biting, sarcastic, or severe. ``Sharpen each
word.'' --E. Smith.
(f) To render more shrill or piercing.
Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase
and sharpen it. --Bacon.
(g) To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of
the sun sharpen vinegar.
(h) (Mus.) To raise, as a sound, by means of a sharp; to
apply a sharp to.
Sharpen \Sharp"en\, v. i.
To grow or become sharp.
Sharper \Sharp"er\, n.
A person who bargains closely, especially, one who cheats in
bargains; a swinder; also, a cheating gamester.
Sharpers, as pikes, prey upon their own kind.
--L'Estrange.
Syn: Swindler; cheat; deceiver; trickster; rogue. See
{Swindler}.
Sharpie \Sharp"ie\, n. (Naut.)
A long, sharp, flat-bottomed boat, with one or two masts
carrying a triangular sail. They are often called {Fair Haven
sharpies}, after the place on the coast of Connecticut where
they originated. [Local, U.S.]
Sharpling \Sharp"ling\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]
Sharply \Sharp"ly\, adv.
In a sharp manner,; keenly; acutely.
They are more sharply to be chastised and reformed than
the rude Irish. --Spenser.
The soldiers were sharply assailed with wants.
--Hayward.
You contract your eye when you would see sharply.
--Bacon.
Sharpness \Sharp"ness\, n. [AS. scearpness.]
The quality or condition of being sharp; keenness; acuteness.
Sharpsaw \Sharp"saw`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The great titmouse; -- so called from its harsh call notes.
[Prov. Eng.]
Sharp-set \Sharp"-set`\, a.
Eager in appetite or desire of gratification; affected by
keen hunger; ravenous; as, an eagle or a lion sharp-set.
The town is sharp-set on new plays. --Pope.
Sharpshooter \Sharp"shoot`er\, n.
One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; a good
marksman.
Sharpshooting \Sharp"shoot`ing\, n.
A shooting with great precision and effect; hence, a keen
contest of wit or argument.
Sharp-sighted \Sharp"-sight`ed\, a.
Having quick or acute sight; -- used literally and
figuratively. -- {Sharp`-sight`ed*ness}, n.
Sharptail \Sharp"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The pintail duck.
(b) The pintail grouse, or prairie chicken.
Sharp-witted \Sharp"-wit`ted\, a.
Having an acute or nicely discerning mind.
Shash \Shash\, n. [See {Sash}.]
1. The scarf of a turban. [Obs.] --Fuller.
2. A sash. [Obs.]
Shaster \Shas"ter\, Shastra \Shas"tra\, n. [Skr. c[=a]stra an
order or command, a sacred book, fr. c[=a]s to order,
instruct, govern. Cf. {Sastra}.]
A treatise for authoritative instruction among the Hindoos; a
book of institutes; especially, a treatise explaining the
Vedas. [Written also {sastra}.]
Shathmont \Shath"mont\, n.
A shaftment. [Scot.]
Shatter \Shat"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shattered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Shattering}.] [OE. schateren, scateren, to scatter,
to dash, AS. scateran; cf. D. schateren to crack, to make a
great noise, OD. schetteren to scatter, to burst, to crack.
Cf. {Scatter}.]
1. To break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, or part
violently into fragments; to rend into splinters; as, an
explosion shatters a rock or a bomb; too much steam
shatters a boiler; an oak is shattered by lightning.
A monarchy was shattered to pieces, and divided
amongst revolted subjects. --Locke.
2. To disorder; to derange; to render unsound; as, to be
shattered in intellect; his constitution was shattered;
his hopes were shattered.
A man of a loose, volatile, and shattered humor.
--Norris.
3. To scatter about. [Obs.]
Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year.
--Milton.
Shatter \Shat"ter\, v. i.
To be broken into fragments; to fall or crumble to pieces by
any force applied.
Some fragile bodies break but where the force is; some
shatter and fly in many places. --Bacon.
Shatter \Shat"ter\, n.
A fragment of anything shattered; -- used chiefly or soley in
the phrase into shatters; as, to break a glass into shatters.
--Swift.
Shatter-brained \Shat"ter-brained`\, Shatter-pated
\Shat"ter-pat`ed\, a.
Disordered or wandering in intellect; hence, heedless; wild.
--J. Goodman.
Shattery \Shat"ter*y\, a.
Easily breaking into pieces; not compact; loose of texture;
brittle; as, shattery spar.
Shave \Shave\,
obs. p. p. of {Shave}. --Chaucer.
His beard was shave as nigh as ever he can. --Chaucer.
Shave \Shave\, v. t. [imp. {Shaved};p. p. {Shaved} or {Shaven};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Shaving}.] [OE. shaven, schaven, AS. scafan,
sceafan; akin to D. schaven, G. schaben, Icel. skafa, Sw.
skafva, Dan. skave, Goth. scaban, Russ. kopate to dig, Gr.
????, and probably to L. scabere to scratch, to scrape. Cf.
{Scab}, {Shaft}, {Shape}.]
1. To cut or pare off from the surface of a body with a razor
or other edged instrument; to cut off closely, as with a
razor; as, to shave the beard.
2. To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely the surface,
or surface covering, of; especially, to remove the hair
from with a razor or other sharp instrument; to take off
the beard or hair of; as, to shave the face or the crown
of the head; he shaved himself.
I'll shave your crown for this. --Shak.
The laborer with the bending scythe is seen Shaving
the surface of the waving green. --Gay.
3. To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin slices.
Plants bruised or shaven in leaf or root. --Bacon.
4. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass close to, or
touch lightly, in passing.
Now shaves with level wing the deep. --Milton.
5. To strip; to plunder; to fleece. [Colloq.]
{To shave a note}, to buy it at a discount greater than the
legal rate of interest, or to deduct in discounting it
more than the legal rate allows. [Cant, U.S.]
Shave \Shave\, v. i.
To use a razor for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence,
to be hard and severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to
cheat.
Shave \Shave\, n. [AS. scafa, sceafa, a sort of knife. See
{Shave}, v. t.]
1. A thin slice; a shaving. --Wright.
2. A cutting of the beard; the operation of shaving.
3.
(a) An exorbitant discount on a note. [Cant, U.S.]
(b) A premium paid for an extension of the time of
delivery or payment, or for the right to vary a stock
contract in any particular. [Cant, U.S.] --N. Biddle.
4. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a handle at
each end; a drawing knife; a spokeshave.
5. The act of passing very near to, so as almost to graze;
as, the bullet missed by a close shave. [Colloq.]
{Shave grass} (Bot.), the scouring rush. See the Note under
{Equisetum}.
{Shave hook}, a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a
sharp-edged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and
handle.
Shaveling \Shave"ling\, n.
A man shaved; hence, a monk, or other religious; -- used in
contempt.
I am no longer a shaveling than while my frock is on my
back. --Sir W.
Scott.
Shaver \Shav"er\, n.
1. One who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave.
2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper. --Swift.
3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer.
By these shavers the Turks were stripped. --Knolles.
4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow. [Colloq.] ``These unlucky
little shavers.''
--Salmagundi.
As I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver, I am
on a chase in the name of the king. --Dickens.
5. (Mech.) A tool or machine for shaving.
{A note shaver}, a person who buys notes at a discount
greater than the legal rate of interest. [Cant, U.S.]
Shaving \Shav"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, shaves; specifically,
the act of cutting off the beard with a razor.
2. That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip pared off
with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting
instrument. ``Shaving of silver.'' --Chaucer.
{Shaving brush}, a brush used in lathering the face
preparatory to shaving it.
Shaw \Shaw\ (sh[add]), n. [OE. schawe, scha[yogh]e, thicket,
grove, AS. scaga; akin to Dan. skov, Sw. skog, Icel.
sk[=o]gr.]
1. A thicket; a small wood or grove. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] --Burns.
Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the shaw. --Chaucer.
The green shaws, the merry green woods. --Howitt.
2. pl. The leaves and tops of vegetables, as of potatoes,
turnips, etc. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Shawfowl \Shaw"fowl`\, n. [Scot. schaw, shaw, show + fowl.]
The representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to
shoot at. --Johnson.
Shawl \Shawl\, n. [Per. & Hind. sh[=a]l: cf. F. ch[^a]le.]
A square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other
textile or netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a
loose covering for the neck and shoulders.
{India shawl}, a kind of rich shawl made in India from the
wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces, which
are sewed together.
{Shawl goat} (Zo["o]l.), the Cashmere goat.
Shawl \Shawl\, v. t.
To wrap in a shawl. --Thackeray.
Shawm \Shawm\, n. [OE. shalmie, OF. chalemie; cf. F. chalumeau
shawm, chaume haulm, stalk; all fr. L. calamus a reed, reed
pipe. See {Haulm}, and cf. {Calumet}.] (Mus.)
A wind instrument of music, formerly in use, supposed to have
resembled either the clarinet or the hautboy in form.
[Written also {shalm}, {shaum}.] --Otway.
Even from the shrillest shaum unto the cornamute.
--Drayton.
Shawnees \Shaw`nees"\, n. pl.; sing. {Shawnee}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of North American Indians who occupied Western New
York and part of Ohio, but were driven away and widely
dispersed by the Iroquois.
Shay \Shay\, n.
A chaise. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
She \She\, pron. [sing. nom. {She}; poss. {Her}. or {Hers}; obj.
{Her}; pl. nom. {They}; poss. {Their}or {Theirs}; obj.
{Them}.] [OE. she, sche, scheo, scho, AS. se['o], fem. of the
definite article, originally a demonstrative pronoun; cf. OS.
siu, D. zij, G. sie, OHG. siu, s[=i], si, Icel. s[=u],
sj[=a], Goth. si she, s[=o], fem. article, Russ. siia, fem.,
this, Gr. ?, fem. article, Skr. s[=a], sy[=a]. The possessive
her or hers, and the objective her, are from a different
root. See {Her}.]
1. This or that female; the woman understood or referred to;
the animal of the female sex, or object personified as
feminine, which was spoken of.
She loved her children best in every wise.
--Chaucer.
Then Sarah denied, . . . for she was afraid. --Gen.
xviii. 15.
2. A woman; a female; -- used substantively. [R.]
Lady, you are the cruelest she alive. --Shak.
Note: She is used in composition with nouns of common gender,
for female, to denote an animal of the female sex; as,
a she-bear; a she-cat.
Sheading \Shead"ing\, n. [From AS. sc[=a]dan, sce['a]dan, to
separate, divide. See {Shed}, v. t.]
A tithing, or division, in the Isle of Man, in which there is
a coroner, or chief constable. The island is divided into six
sheadings.
Sheaf \Sheaf\, n. (Mech.)
A sheave. [R.]
Sheaf \Sheaf\, n.; pl. {Sheaves}. [OE. sheef, shef, schef, AS.
sce['a]f; akin to D. schoof, OHG. scoub, G. schaub, Icel.
skauf a fox's brush, and E. shove. See {Shove}.]
1. A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other
grain, bound together; a bundle of grain or straw.
The reaper fills his greedy hands, And binds the
golden sheaves in brittle bands. --Dryden.
2. Any collection of things bound together; a bundle;
specifically, a bundle of arrows sufficient to fill a
quiver, or the allowance of each archer, -- usually
twenty-four.
The sheaf of arrows shook and rattled in the case.
--Dryden.
Sheaf \Sheaf\, v. t.
To gather and bind into a sheaf; to make into sheaves; as, to
sheaf wheat.
Sheaf \Sheaf\, v. i.
To collect and bind cut grain, or the like; to make sheaves.
They that reap must sheaf and bind. --Shak.
Sheafy \Sheaf"y\, a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, a sheaf or sheaves;
resembling a sheaf.
Sheal \Sheal\, n.
Same as {Sheeling}. [Scot.]
Sheal \Sheal\, v. t.
To put under a sheal or shelter. [Scot.]
Sheal \Sheal\, v. t. [See {Shell}.]
To take the husks or pods off from; to shell; to empty of its
contents, as a husk or a pod. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
--Jamieson.
That's a shealed peascod. --Shak.
Sheal \Sheal\, n.
A shell or pod. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shealing \Sheal"ing\, n.
The outer husk, pod, or shell, as of oats, pease, etc.;
sheal; shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Shealing \Sheal"ing\, n.
Same as {Sheeling}. [Scot.]
Shear \Shear\, v. t. [imp. {Sheared}or {Shore};p. p. {Sheared}
or {Shorn}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Shearing}.] [OE. sheren,
scheren, to shear, cut, shave, AS. sceran, scieran, scyran;
akin to D. & G. scheren, Icel. skera, Dan. ski?re, Gr. ???.
Cf. {Jeer}, {Score}, {Shard}, {Share}, {Sheer} to turn
aside.]
1. To cut, clip, or sever anything from with shears or a like
instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth.
Note: It is especially applied to the cutting of wool from
sheep or their skins, and the nap from cloth.
2. To separate or sever with shears or a similar instrument;
to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface; as, to
shear a fleece.
Before the golden tresses . . . were shorn away.
--Shak.
3. To reap, as grain. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
4. Fig.: To deprive of property; to fleece.
5. (Mech.) To produce a change of shape in by a shear. See
{Shear}, n., 4.
Shear \Shear\, n. [AS. sceara. See {Shear}, v. t.]
1. A pair of shears; -- now always used in the plural, but
formerly also in the singular. See {Shears}.
On his head came razor none, nor shear. --Chaucer.
Short of the wool, and naked from the shear.
--Dryden.
2. A shearing; -- used in designating the age of sheep.
After the second shearing, he is a two-shear ram; .
. . at the expiration of another year, he is a
three-shear ram; the name always taking its date
from the time of shearing. --Youatt.
3. (Engin.) An action, resulting from applied forces, which
tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide
relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their
plane of contact; -- also called {shearing stress}, and
{tangential stress}.
4. (Mech.) A strain, or change of shape, of an elastic body,
consisting of an extension in one direction, an equal
compression in a perpendicular direction, with an
unchanged magnitude in the third direction.
{Shear blade}, one of the blades of shears or a shearing
machine.
{Shear hulk}. See under {Hulk}.
{Shear steel}, a steel suitable for shears, scythes, and
other cutting instruments, prepared from fagots of
blistered steel by repeated heating, rolling, and tilting,
to increase its malleability and fineness of texture.
Shear \Shear\, v. i.
1. To deviate. See {Sheer}.
2. (Engin.) To become more or less completely divided, as a
body under the action of forces, by the sliding of two
contiguous parts relatively to each other in a direction
parallel to their plane of contact.
Shearbill \Shear"bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The black skimmer. See {Skimmer}.
Sheard \Sheard\, n.
See {Shard}. [Obs.]
Shearer \Shear"er\, n.
1. One who shears.
Like a lamb dumb before his shearer. --Acts viii.
32.
2. A reaper. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Shearing \Shear"ing\, n.
1. The act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing
machine, as the wool from sheep, or the nap from cloth.
2. The product of the act or operation of clipping with
shears or a shearing machine; as, the whole shearing of a
flock; the shearings from cloth.
3. Same as {Shearling}. --Youatt.
4. The act or operation of reaping. [Scot.]
5. The act or operation of dividing with shears; as, the
shearing of metal plates.
6. The process of preparing shear steel; tilting.
7. (Mining) The process of making a vertical side cutting in
working into a face of coal.
{Shearing machine}.
(a) A machine with blades, or rotary disks, for dividing
plates or bars of metal.
(b) A machine for shearing cloth.
Shearling \Shear"ling\, n.
A sheep but once sheared.
Shearman \Shear"man\, n.; pl. {Shearmen}.
One whose occupation is to shear cloth.
Shearn \Shearn\, n. [AS. scearn. Cf. {Scarn}.]
Dung; excrement. [Obs.] [Written also {shern}.] --Holland.
Shears \Shears\, n. pl. [Formerly used also in the singular. See
{Shear}, n., 1.]
1. A cutting instrument. Specifically:
(a) An instrument consisting of two blades, commonly with
bevel edges, connected by a pivot, and working on both
sides of the material to be cut, -- used for cutting
cloth and other substances.
Fate urged the shears, and cut the sylph in
twain. --Pope.
(b) A similar instrument the blades of which are
extensions of a curved spring, -- used for shearing
sheep or skins.
(c) A shearing machine; a blade, or a set of blades,
working against a resisting edge.
2. Anything in the form of shears. Specifically:
(a) A pair of wings. [Obs.] --Spenser.
(b) An apparatus for raising heavy weights, and especially
for stepping and unstepping the lower masts of ships.
It consists of two or more spars or pieces of timber,
fastened together near the top, steadied by a guy or
guys, and furnished with the necessary tackle.
[Written also {sheers}.]
3. (Mach.) The bedpiece of a machine tool, upon which a table
or slide rest is secured; as, the shears of a lathe or
planer. See Illust. under {Lathe}.
{Rotary shears}. See under {Rotary}.
Sheartail \Shear"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The common tern.
(b) Any one of several species of humming birds of the
genus {Thaumastura} having a long forked tail.
Shearwater \Shear"wa`ter\, n. [Shear + water; cf. G.
wassersherer; -- so called from its running lightly along the
surface of the water.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of long-winged oceanic birds of
the genus {Puffinus} and related genera. They are allied to
the petrels, but are larger. The Manx shearwater ({P.
Anglorum}), the dusky shearwater ({P. obscurus}), and the
greater shearwater ({P. major}), are well-known species of
the North Atlantic. See {Hagdon}.
Sheatfish \Sheat"fish`\, n. [Cf. dial. G. scheid, schaid,
schaiden.] (Zo["o]l.)
A European siluroid fish ({Silurus glanis}) allied to the
cat-fishes. It is the largest fresh-water fish of Europe,
sometimes becoming six feet or more in length. See
{Siluroid}.
Sheath \Sheath\, n. [OE. schethe, AS. sc[=ae][eth],
sce['a][eth], sc[=e][eth]; akin to OS. sk[=e][eth]ia, D.
scheede, G. scheide, OHG. sceida, Sw. skida, Dan. skede,
Icel. skei[eth]ir, pl., and to E. shed, v.t., originally
meaning, to separate, to part. See {Shed}.]
1. A case for the reception of a sword, hunting knife, or
other long and slender instrument; a scabbard.
The dead knight's sword out of his sheath he drew.
--Spenser.
2. Any sheathlike covering, organ, or part. Specifically:
(a) (Bot.) The base of a leaf when sheathing or investing
a stem or branch, as in grasses.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) One of the elytra of an insect.
{Medullary sheath}. (Anat.) See under {Medullary}.
{Primitive sheath}. (Anat.) See {Neurilemma}.
{Sheath knife}, a knife with a fixed blade, carried in a
sheath.
{Sheath of Schwann}. (Anat.) See {Schwann's sheath}.
Sheathbill \Sheath"bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Either one of two species of birds composing the genus
{Chionis}, and family {Chionid[ae]}, native of the islands of
the Antarctic seas.
Note: They are related to the gulls and the plovers, but more
nearly to the latter. The base of the bill is covered
with a saddle-shaped horny sheath, and the toes are
only slightly webbed. The plumage of both species is
white.
Sheathe \Sheathe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sheathed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sheating}.] [Written also sheath.]
1. To put into a sheath, case, or scabbard; to inclose or
cover with, or as with, a sheath or case.
The leopard . . . keeps the claws of his fore feet
turned up from the ground, and sheathed in the skin
of his toes. --Grew.
'T is in my breast she sheathes her dagger now.
--Dryden.
2. To fit or furnish, as with a sheath. --Shak.
3. To case or cover with something which protects, as thin
boards, sheets of metal, and the like; as, to sheathe a
ship with copper.
4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious substances, or sharp
particles. [R.] --Arbuthnot.
{To sheathe the sword}, to make peace.
Sheathed \Sheathed\, a.
1. Povided with, or inclosed in, sheath.
2. (Bot.) Invested by a sheath, or cylindrical membranaceous
tube, which is the base of the leaf, as the stalk or culm
in grasses; vaginate.
Sheather \Sheath"er\, n.
One who sheathes.
Sheathfish \Sheath"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Sheatfish}.
Sheathing \Sheath"ing\, p. pr. & a. from {Sheathe}.
Inclosing with a sheath; as, the sheathing leaves of grasses;
the sheathing stipules of many polygonaceous plants.
Sheathing \Sheath"ing\, n.
That which sheathes. Specifically:
(a) The casing or covering of a ship's bottom and sides; the
materials for such covering; as, copper sheathing.
(b) (Arch.) The first covering of boards on the outside wall
of a frame house or on a timber roof; also, the material
used for covering; ceiling boards in general.
Sheathless \Sheath"less\, a.
Without a sheath or case for covering; unsheathed.
Sheath-winged \Sheath"-winged`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having elytra, or wing cases, as a beetle.
Sheathy \Sheath"y\, a.
Forming or resembling a sheath or case. --Sir T. Browne.
Shea tree \She"a tree`\ (Bot.)
An African sapotaceous tree ({Bassia, or Butyrospermum,
Parkii}), from the seeds of which a substance resembling
butter is obtained; the African butter tree.
Sheave \Sheave\, n. [Akin to OD. schijve orb, disk, wheel, D.
schiff, G. scheibe, Icel. sk[=i]fa a shaving, slice; cf. Gr.
??? a staff. Cf. {Shift}, v., {Shive}.]
A wheel having a groove in the rim for a rope to work in, and
set in a block, mast, or the like; the wheel of a pulley.
{Sheave hole}, a channel cut in a mast, yard, rail, or other
timber, in which to fix a sheave.
Sheave \Sheave\, v. t. [See {Sheaf} of straw.]
To gather and bind into a sheaf or sheaves; hence, to
collect. --Ashmole.
Sheaved \Sheaved\, a.
Made of straw. [Obs.] --Shak.
Shebander \Sheb"an*der\, n. [Per. sh[=a]hbandar.]
A harbor master, or ruler of a port, in the East Indies.
[Written also {shebunder}.]
Shebang \She*bang"\, n. [Cf. {Shebeen}.]
A jocosely depreciative name for a dwelling or shop.
[Slang,U.S.]
Shebeen \She*been"\, n. [Of Irish origin; cf. Ir. seapa a shop.]
A low public house; especially, a place where spirits and
other excisable liquors are illegally and privately sold.
[Ireland]
Shechinah \She*chi"nah\, n.
See {Shekinah}.
Shecklaton \Sheck"la*ton\, n. [Cf. {Ciclatoun}.]
A kind of gilt leather. See {Checklaton}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Shed \Shed\, n. [The same word as shade. See {Shade}.]
A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter
something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding;
a hut; as, a wagon shed; a wood shed.
The first Aletes born in lowly shed. --Fairfax.
Sheds of reeds which summer's heat repel. --Sandys.
Shed \Shed\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shedding}.] [OE. scheden, sch?den, to pour, to part, AS.
sc[=a]dan, sce['a]dan, to pert, to separate; akin to OS.
sk??an, OFries. sk?tha, G. scheiden, OHG. sceidan, Goth.
skaidan, and probably to Lith. sk["e]du I part, separate, L.
scindere to cleave, to split, Gr. ???, Skr. chid, and perch.
also to L. caedere to cut. [root]159. Cf. {Chisel},
{Concise}, {Schism}, {Sheading}, {Sheath}, {Shide}.]
1. To separate; to divide. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Robert of
Brunne.
2. To part with; to throw off or give forth from one's self;
to emit; to diffuse; to cause to emanate or flow; to pour
forth or out; to spill; as, the sun sheds light; she shed
tears; the clouds shed rain.
Did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood? --Shak.
Twice seven consenting years have shed Their utmost
bounty on thy head. --Wordsworth.
3. To let fall; to throw off, as a natural covering of hair,
feathers, shell; to cast; as, fowls shed their feathers;
serpents shed their skins; trees shed leaves.
4. To cause to flow off without penetrating; as, a tight
roof, or covering of oiled cloth, sheeds water.
5. To sprinkle; to intersperse; to cover. [R.] ``Her hair . .
. is shed with gray.'' --B. Jonson.
6. (Weaving) To divide, as the warp threads, so as to form a
shed, or passageway, for the shuttle.
Shed \Shed\, v. i.
1. To fall in drops; to pour. [Obs.]
Such a rain down from the welkin shadde. --Chaucer.
2. To let fall the parts, as seeds or fruit; to throw off a
covering or envelope.
White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and
black as they stand. --Mortimer.
Shed \Shed\, n.
1. A parting; a separation; a division. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
They say also that the manner of making the shed of
newwedded wives' hair with the iron head of a
javelin came up then likewise. --Sir T.
North.
2. The act of shedding or spilling; -- used only in
composition, as in bloodshed.
3. That which parts, divides, or sheds; -- used in
composition, as in watershed.
4. (Weaving) The passageway between the threads of the warp
through which the shuttle is thrown, having a sloping top
and bottom made by raising and lowering the alternate
threads.
Shedder \Shed"der\, n.
1. One who, or that which, sheds; as, a shedder of blood; a
shedder of tears.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A crab in the act of casting its shell, or
immediately afterwards while still soft; -- applied
especially to the edible crabs, which are most prized
while in this state.
Shedding \Shed"ding\, n.
1. The act of shedding, separating, or casting off or out;
as, the shedding of blood.
2. That which is shed, or cast off. [R.] --Wordsworth.
Shelfa \Shel"fa\, Shilfa \Shil"fa\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The chaffinch; -- so named from its call note. [Prov. Eng.]
Sheeling \Sheel"ing\, n. [Icel. skj?l a shelter, a cover; akin
to Dan. & Sw. skjul.]
A hut or small cottage in an expessed or a retired place (as
on a mountain or at the seaside) such as is used by
shepherds, fishermen, sportsmen, etc.; a summer cottage;
also, a shed. [Written also {sheel}, {shealing}, {sheiling},
etc.] [Scot.]
Sheely \Sheel"y\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Sheelfa}.
Sheen \Sheen\, a. [OE. sehene, AS. sci['e]ne, sc?ne, sc?ne,
splendid, beautiful; akin to OFries. sk?ne, sk?ne, OS. sc?ni,
D. schoon, G. sch["o]n, OHG. sc?ni, Goth, skanus, and E.
shew; the original meaning being probably, visible, worth
seeing. It is not akin to E. shine. See {Shew}, v. t.]
Bright; glittering; radiant; fair; showy; sheeny. [R., except
in poetry.]
This holy maiden, that is so bright and sheen.
--Chaucer.
Up rose each warrier bold and brave, Glistening in
filed steel and armor sheen. --Fairfax.
Sheen \Sheen\, v. i.
To shine; to glisten. [Poetic]
This town, That, sheening far, celestial seems to be.
--Byron.
Sheen \Sheen\, n.
Brightness; splendor; glitter. ``Throned in celestial
sheen.'' --Milton.
Sheenly \Sheen""ly\, adv.
Brightly. [R.] --Mrs. Browning.
Sheeny \Sheen"y\, a.
Bright; shining; radiant; sheen. ``A sheeny summer morn.''
--Tennyson.
Sheep \Sheep\, n. sing. & pl. [OE. shep, scheep, AS. sc?p,
sce['a]p; akin to OFries. sk?p, LG. & D. schaap, G. schaf,
OHG. sc[=a]f, Skr. ch[=a]ga. [root]295. Cf. {Sheepherd}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of ruminants of the
genus {Ovis}, native of the higher mountains of both
hemispheres, but most numerous in Asia.
Note: The domestic sheep ({Ovis aries}) varies much in size,
in the length and texture of its wool, the form and
size of its horns, the length of its tail, etc. It was
domesticated in prehistoric ages, and many distinct
breeds have been produced; as the merinos, celebrated
for their fine wool; the Cretan sheep, noted for their
long horns; the fat-tailed, or Turkish, sheep,
remarkable for the size and fatness of the tail, which
often has to be supported on trucks; the Southdowns, in
which the horns are lacking; and an Asiatic breed which
always has four horns.
2. A weak, bashful, silly fellow. --Ainsworth.
3. pl. Fig.: The people of God, as being under the government
and protection of Christ, the great Shepherd.
{Rocky mountain sheep}.(Zo["o]l.) See {Bighorn}.
{Maned sheep}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Aoudad}.
{Sheep bot} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of the sheep botfly. See
{Estrus}.
{Sheep dog} (Zo["o]l.), a shepherd dog, or collie.
{Sheep laurel} (Bot.), a small North American shrub ({Kalmia
angustifolia}) with deep rose-colored flowers in corymbs.
{Sheep pest} (Bot.), an Australian plant ({Ac[ae]na ovina})
related to the burnet. The fruit is covered with barbed
spines, by which it adheres to the wool of sheep.
{Sheep run}, an extensive tract of country where sheep range
and graze.
{Sheep's beard} (Bot.), a cichoraceous herb ({Urospermum
Dalechampii}) of Southern Europe; -- so called from the
conspicuous pappus of the achenes.
{Sheep's bit} (Bot.), a European herb ({Jasione montana})
having much the appearance of scabious.
{Sheep pox} (Med.), a contagious disease of sheep,
characterixed by the development of vesicles or pocks upon
the skin.
{Sheep scabious}. (Bot.) Same as {Sheep's bit}.
{Sheep shears}, shears in which the blades form the two ends
of a steel bow, by the elasticity of which they open as
often as pressed together by the hand in cutting; -- so
called because used to cut off the wool of sheep.
{Sheep sorrel}. (Bot.), a prerennial herb ({Rumex
Acetosella}) growing naturally on poor, dry, gravelly
soil. Its leaves have a pleasant acid taste like sorrel.
{Sheep's-wool} (Zo["o]l.), the highest grade of Florida
commercial sponges ({Spongia equina}, variety
{gossypina}).
{Sheep tick} (Zo["o]l.), a wingless parasitic insect
({Melophagus ovinus}) belonging to the Diptera. It fixes
its proboscis in the skin of the sheep and sucks the
blood, leaving a swelling. Called also {sheep pest}, and
{sheep louse}.
{Sheep walk}, a pasture for sheep; a sheep run.
{Wild sheep}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Argali}, {Mouflon}, and
{O["o]rial}.
Sheepback \Sheep"back`\, n. (Geol.)
A rounded knoll of rock resembling the back of a sheep. --
produced by glacial action. Called also {roche moutonn['e]e};
-- usually in the plural.
Sheepberry \Sheep"ber`ry\, n. (Bot.)
The edible fruit of a small North American tree of the genus
{Viburnum} ({V. Lentago}), having white flowers in flat
cymes; also, the tree itself. Called also {nannyberry}.
Sheepbite \Sheep"bite`\, v. i.
To bite or nibble like a sheep; hence, to practice petty
thefts. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sheepbiter \Sheep"bit`er\, n.
One who practices petty thefts. [Obs.] --Shak.
There are political sheepbiters as well as pastoral;
betrayers of public trusts as well as of private.
--L'Estrange.
Sheepcot \Sheep"cot`\, Sheepcote \Sheep"cote`\, n.
A small inclosure for sheep; a pen; a fold.
Sheep-faced \Sheep"-faced`\, a.
Over-bashful; sheepish.
Sheepfold \Sheep"fold`\, n.
A fold or pen for sheep; a place where sheep are collected or
confined.
Sheep-headed \Sheep"-head`ed\, a.
Silly; simple-minded; stupid. --Taylor (1630)
Sheephook \Sheep"hook`\, n.
A hook fastened to pole, by which shepherds lay hold on the
legs or necks of their sheep; a shepherd's crook. --Dryden.
Sheepish \Sheep"ish\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to sheep. [Obs.]
2. Like a sheep; bashful; over-modest; meanly or foolishly
diffident; timorous to excess.
Wanting change of company, he will, when he comes
abroad, be a sheepish or conceited creature.
--Locke.
-- {Sheep"ish*ly}, adv. -- {Sheep"ish*ness}, n.
Sheepmaster \Sheep"mas`ter\, n.
A keeper or feeder of sheep; also, an owner of sheep. --2
Kings iii. 4.
Sheeprack \Sheep"rack`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The starling.
Sheep's-eye \Sheep's"-eye`\, n.
A modest, diffident look; a loving glance; -- commonly in the
plural.
I saw her just now give him the languishing eye, as
they call it; . . . of old called the sheep's-eye.
--Wycherley.
Sheep's-foot \Sheep's-foot`\, n.
A printer's tool consisting of a metal bar formed into a
hammer head at one end and a claw at the other, -- used as a
lever and hammer.
Sheepshank \Sheep"shank`\, n. (Naut.)
A hitch by which a rope may be temporarily shortened.
Sheepshead \Sheeps"head`\, n. [So called because of the fancied
resemblance of its head and front teeth to those of a sheep.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large and valuable sparoid food fish ({Archosargus, or
Diplodus, probatocephalus}) found on the Atlantic coast of
the United States. It often weighs from ten to twelve pounds.
Note: The name is also locally, in a loose way, applied to
various other fishes, as the butterfish, the
fresh-water drumfish, the parrot fish, the porgy, and
the moonfish.
Sheep-shearer \Sheep"-shear`er\, n.
One who shears, or cuts off the wool from, sheep.
Sheep-shearing \Sheep"-shear`ing\, n.
1. Act of shearing sheep.
2. A feast at the time of sheep-shearing. --Shak.
Sheepskin \Sheep"skin`\, n.
1. The skin of a sheep; or, leather prepared from it.
2. A diploma; -- so called because usually written or printed
on parchment prepared from the skin of the sheep. [College
Cant]
Sheepsplit \Sheep"split`\, n.
A split of a sheepskin; one of the thin sections made by
splitting a sheepskin with a cutting knife or machine.
Sheepy \Sheep"y\, a.
Resembling sheep; sheepish. --Testament of Love.
Sheer \Sheer\, a. [OE. shere, skere, pure, bright, Icel. sk?rr;
akin to sk[=i]rr, AS. sc[=i]r, OS. sk[=i]ri, MHG. sch[=i]r,
G. schier, Dan. sk?r, Sw. sk["a]r, Goth. skeirs clear, and E.
shine. [root]157. See {Shine}, v. i.]
1. Bright; clear; pure; unmixed. ``Sheer ale.'' --Shak.
Thou sheer, immaculate, and silver fountain. --Shak.
2. Very thin or transparent; -- applied to fabrics; as, sheer
muslin.
3. Being only what it seems to be; obvious; simple; mere;
downright; as, sheer folly; sheer nonsense. ``A sheer
impossibility.'' --De Quincey.
It is not a sheer advantage to have several strings
to one's bow. --M. Arnold.
4. Stright up and down; vertical; prpendicular.
A sheer precipice of a thousand feet. --J. D.
Hooker.
It was at least Nine roods of sheer ascent.
--Wordsworth.
Sheer \Sheer\, adv.
Clean; quite; at once. [Obs.] --Milton.
Sheer \Sheer\, v. t. [See {Shear}.]
To shear. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Sheer \Sheer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sheered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sheering}.] [D. sheren to shear, cut, withdraw, warp. See
{Shear}.]
To decline or deviate from the line of the proper course; to
turn aside; to swerve; as, a ship sheers from her course; a
horse sheers at a bicycle.
{To sheer off}, to turn or move aside to a distance; to move
away.
{To sheer up}, to approach obliquely.
Sheer \Sheer\, n.
1. (Naut.)
(a) The longitudinal upward curvature of the deck,
gunwale, and lines of a vessel, as when viewed from
the side.
(b) The position of a vessel riding at single anchor and
swinging clear of it.
2. A turn or change in a course.
Give the canoe a sheer and get nearer to the shore.
--Cooper.
3. pl. Shears See {Shear}.
{Sheer batten} (Shipbuilding), a long strip of wood to guide
the carpenters in following the sheer plan.
{Sheer boom}, a boom slanting across a stream to direct
floating logs to one side.
{Sheer hulk}. See {Shear hulk}, under {Hulk}.
{Sheer plan}, or {Sheer draught} (Shipbuilding), a projection
of the lines of a vessel on a vertical longitudinal plane
passing through the middle line of the vessel.
{Sheer pole} (Naut.), an iron rod lashed to the shrouds just
above the dead-eyes and parallel to the ratlines.
{Sheer strake} (Shipbuilding), the strake under the gunwale
on the top side. --Totten.
{To break sheer} (Naut.), to deviate from sheer, and risk
fouling the anchor.
Sheerly \Sheer"ly\, adv.
At once; absolutely. [Obs.]
Sheerwater \Sheer"wa`ter\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The shearwater.
Sheet \Sheet\, n. [OE. shete, schete, AS. sc[=e]te, sc[=y]te,
fr. sce['a]t a projecting corner, a fold in a garment (akin
to D. schoot sheet, bosom, lap, G. schoss bosom, lap, flap of
a coat, Icel. skaut, Goth. skauts the hem of a garment);
originally, that which shoots out, from the root of AS.
sce['o]tan to shoot. [root]159. See {Shoot}, v. t.]
In general, a large, broad piece of anything thin, as paper,
cloth, etc.; a broad, thin portion of any substance; an
expanded superficies. Specifically:
(a) A broad piece of cloth, usually linen or cotton, used for
wrapping the body or for a covering; especially, one used
as an article of bedding next to the body.
He fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened, and a
certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been
a great sheet knit at the four corners. --Acts x.
10, 11.
If I do die before thee, prithee, shroud me In one
of those same sheets. --Shak.
(b) A broad piece of paper, whether folded or unfolded,
whether blank or written or printed upon; hence, a
letter; a newspaper, etc.
(c) A single signature of a book or a pamphlet; in pl., the
book itself.
To this the following sheets are intended for a
full and distinct answer. --Waterland.
(d) A broad, thinly expanded portion of metal or other
substance; as, a sheet of copper, of glass, or the like;
a plate; a leaf.
(e) A broad expanse of water, or the like. ``The two
beautiful sheets of water.'' --Macaulay.
(f) A sail. --Dryden.
(g) (Geol.) An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded
between, or overlying, other strata.
2. [AS. sce['a]ta. See the Etymology above.] (Naut.)
(a) A rope or chain which regulates the angle of
adjustment of a sail in relation in relation to the
wind; -- usually attached to the lower corner of a
sail, or to a yard or a boom.
(b) pl. The space in the forward or the after part of a
boat where there are no rowers; as, fore sheets; stern
sheets.
Note: Sheet is often used adjectively, or in combination, to
denote that the substance to the name of which it is
prefixed is in the form of sheets, or thin plates or
leaves; as, sheet brass, or sheet-brass; sheet glass,
or sheet-glass; sheet gold, or sheet-gold; sheet iron,
or sheet-iron, etc.
{A sheet in the wind}, half drunk. [Sailors' Slang]
{Both sheets in the wind}, very drunk. [Sailors' Slang]
{In sheets}, lying flat or expanded; not folded, or folded
but not bound; -- said especially of printed sheets.
{Sheet bend} (Naut.), a bend or hitch used for temporarily
fastening a rope to the bight of another rope or to an
eye.
{Sheet lightning}, {Sheet piling}, etc. See under
{Lightning}, {Piling}, etc.
Sheet \Sheet\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sheeted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sheeting}.]
1. To furnish with a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover
with, a sheet, or as with a sheet. ``The sheeted dead.''
``When snow the pasture sheets.'' --Shak.
2. To expand, as a sheet.
The star shot flew from the welkin blue, As it fell
from the sheeted sky. --J. R. Drake.
{To sheet home} (Naut.), to haul upon a sheet until the sail
is as flat, and the clew as near the wind, as possible.
Sheet anchor \Sheet" an"chor\ [OE. scheten to shoot, AS.
sce['o]tan; cf. OE. shoot anchor. See {Shoot}, v. t.]
1. (Naut.) A large anchor stowed on shores outside the waist
of a vessel; -- called also {waist anchor}. See the Note
under {Anchor}.
2. Anything regarded as a sure support or dependence in
danger; the best hope or refuge.
Sheet cable \Sheet" ca"ble\ (Naut.)
The cable belonging to the sheet anchor.
Sheet chain \Sheet" chain"\ (Naut.)
A chain sheet cable.
Sheetful \Sheet"ful\, n.; pl. {Sheetfuls}.
Enough to fill a sheet; as much as a sheet can hold.
Sheeting \Sheet"ing\, n.
1. Cotton or linen cloth suitable for bed sheets. It is
sometimes made of double width.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A lining of planks or boards (rarely of
metal) for protecting an embankment.
3. The act or process of forming into sheets, or flat pieces;
also, material made into sheets.
Sheik \Sheik\, n. [Ar. sheikh, shaykh, a venerable old man, a
chief, fr. sh[=a]kha to grow or be old.]
The head of an Arab family, or of a clan or a tribe; also,
the chief magistrate of an Arab village. The name is also
applied to Mohammedan ecclesiastics of a high grade. [Written
also {scheik}, {shaik}, {sheikh}.]
Sheil \Sheil\ (sh[=e]l), Sheiling \Sheil"ing\, n.
See {Sheeling}.
Shekel \Shek"el\, n. [Heb. shegel, fr. sh[=a]gal to weigh.]
1. An ancient weight and coin used by the Jews and by other
nations of the same stock.
Note: A common estimate makes the shekel equal in weight to
about 130 grains for gold, 224 grains for silver, and
450 grains for copper, and the approximate values of
the coins are (gold) $5.00, (silver) 60 cents, and
(copper half shekel), one and one half cents.
2. pl. A jocose term for money.
Shekinah \She*ki"nah\, n. [Heb Talmud shek[=i]n[=a]h, fr.
sh[=a]kan to inhabit.]
The visible majesty of the Divine Presence, especially when
resting or dwelling between the cherubim on the mercy seat,
in the Tabernacle, or in the Temple of Solomon; -- a term
used in the Targums and by the later Jews, and adopted by
Christians. [Written also {Shechinah}.] --Dr. W. Smith (Bib.
Dict.)
Sheld \Sheld\, a. [OE., fr. sheld a shield, probably in allusion
to the ornamentation of shields. See {Shield}.]
Variegated; spotted; speckled; piebald. [Prov. Eng.]
Sheldafle \Sheld"a*fle\, Sheldaple \Sheld"a*ple\, n. [Perhaps
for sheld dapple. Cf. {Sheldrake}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A chaffinch. [Written also {sheldapple}, and {shellapple}.]
Sheldfowl \Sheld"fowl`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The common sheldrake. [Prov. Eng.]
Sheldrake \Shel"drake`\, n. [Sheld + drake.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of large Old World
ducks of the genus {Tadorna} and allied genera, especially
the European and Asiatic species. ({T. cornuta, or
tadorna}), which somewhat resembles a goose in form and
habit, but breeds in burrows.
Note: It has the head and neck greenish black, the breast,
sides, and forward part of the back brown, the
shoulders and middle of belly black, the speculum
green, and the bill and frontal bright red. Called also
{shelduck}, {shellduck}, {sheldfowl}, {skeelduck},
{bergander}, {burrow duck}, and {links goose}.
Note: The Australian sheldrake ({Tadorna radja}) has the
head, neck, breast, flanks, and wing coverts white, the
upper part of the back and a band on the breast deep
chestnut, and the back and tail black. The chestnut
sheldrake of Australia ({Casarca tadornoides}) is
varied with black and chestnut, and has a dark green
head and neck. The ruddy sheldrake, or Braminy duck
({C. rutila}), and the white-winged sheldrake ({C.
leucoptera}), are related Asiatic species.
2. Any one of the American mergansers.
Note: The name is also loosely applied to other ducks, as the
canvasback, and the shoveler.
Shelduck \Shel"duck`\, n. [Sheld variegated + duck.] (Zo["o]l.)
The sheldrake. [Written also {shellduck}.]
Shelf \Shelf\, n.; pl. {Shelves}. [OE. shelfe, schelfe, AS.
scylfe; akin to G. schelfe, Icel. skj[=a]lf. In senses 2 & 3,
perhaps a different word (cf. {Shelve}, v. i.).]
1. (Arch.) A flat tablet or ledge of any material set
horizontally at a distance from the floor, to hold objects
of use or ornament.
2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of rocks,
rendering the water shallow, and dangerous to ships.
On the tawny sands and shelves. --Milton.
On the secret shelves with fury cast. --Dryden.
3. (Mining) A stratum lying in a very even manner; a flat,
projecting layer of rock.
4. (Naut.) A piece of timber running the whole length of a
vessel inside the timberheads. --D. Kemp.
{To lay on the shelf}, to lay aside as unnecessary or
useless; to dismiss; to discard.
Shelfy \Shelf"y\, a.
1. Abounding in shelves; full of dangerous shallows. ``A
shelfy coast.'' --Dryden.
2. Full of strata of rock. [Obs.]
The tillable fields are in some places . . . so
shelfy that the corn hath much ado to fasten its
root. --Carew.
Shell \Shell\, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin
to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill.
Cf. {Scale} of fishes, {Shale}, {Skill}.]
1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal.
Specifically:
(a) The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as, a
hazelnut shell.
(b) A pod.
(c) The hard covering of an egg.
Think him as a serpent's egg, . . . And kill him
in the shell. --Shak.
(d) (Zo["o]l.) The hard calcareous or chitinous external
covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other
invertebrates. In some mollusks, as the cuttlefishes,
it is internal, or concealed by the mantle. Also, the
hard covering of some vertebrates, as the armadillo,
the tortoise, and the like.
(e) (Zo["o]l.) Hence, by extension, any mollusks having
such a covering.
2. (Mil.) A hollow projectile, of various shapes, adapted for
a mortar or a cannon, and containing an explosive
substance, ignited with a fuse or by percussion, by means
of which the projectile is burst and its fragments
scattered. See {Bomb}.
3. The case which holds the powder, or charge of powder and
shot, used with breechloading small arms.
4. Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior
structure, regarded as not complete or filled in; as, the
shell of a house.
5. A coarse kind of coffin; also, a thin interior coffin
inclosed in a more substantial one. --Knight.
6. An instrument of music, as a lyre, -- the first lyre
having been made, it is said, by drawing strings over a
tortoise shell.
When Jubal struck the chorded shell. --Dryden.
7. An engraved copper roller used in print works.
8. pl. The husks of cacao seeds, a decoction of which is
often used as a substitute for chocolate, cocoa, etc.
9. (Naut.) The outer frame or case of a block within which
the sheaves revolve.
10. A light boat the frame of which is covered with thin wood
or with paper; as, a racing shell.
{Message shell}, a bombshell inside of which papers may be
put, in order to convey messages.
{Shell bit}, a tool shaped like a gouge, used with a brace in
boring wood. See {Bit}, n., 3.
{Shell button}.
(a) A button made of shell.
(b) A hollow button made of two pieces, as of metal, one
for the front and the other for the back, -- often
covered with cloth, silk, etc.
{Shell cameo}, a cameo cut in shell instead of stone.
{Shell flower}. (Bot.) Same as {Turtlehead}.
{Shell gland}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A glandular organ in which the rudimentary shell is
formed in embryonic mollusks.
(b) A glandular organ which secretes the eggshells of
various worms, crustacea, mollusks, etc.
{Shell gun}, a cannon suitable for throwing shells.
{Shell ibis} (Zo["o]l.), the openbill of India.
{Shell jacket}, an undress military jacket.
{Shell lime}, lime made by burning the shells of shellfish.
{Shell marl} (Min.), a kind of marl characterized by an
abundance of shells, or fragments of shells.
{Shell meat}, food consisting of shellfish, or testaceous
mollusks. --Fuller.
{Shell mound}. See under {Mound}.
{Shell of a boiler}, the exterior of a steam boiler, forming
a case to contain the water and steam, often inclosing
also flues and the furnace; the barrel of a cylindrical,
or locomotive, boiler.
{Shell road}, a road of which the surface or bed is made of
shells, as oyster shells.
{Shell sand}, minute fragments of shells constituting a
considerable part of the seabeach in some places.
Shell \Shell\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shelled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shelling}.]
1. To strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the
shell, pod, etc.; as, to shell nuts or pease; to shell
oysters.
2. To separate the kernels of (an ear of Indian corn, wheat,
oats, etc.) from the cob, ear, or husk.
3. To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to bombard; as, to
shell a town.
{To shell out}, to distribute freely; to bring out or pay, as
money. [Colloq.]
Shell \Shell\, v. i.
1. To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc.
2. To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of
the pod or husk; as, nuts shell in falling.
3. To be disengaged from the ear or husk; as, wheat or rye
shells in reaping.
Shell-lac \Shell"-lac`\, Shellac \Shel"lac`\, n. [Shell + lac a
resinous substance; cf. D. shellak, G. schellack.]
See the Note under 2d {Lac}.
Shellapple \Shell"ap`ple\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Sheldafle}.
Shellbark \Shell"bark`\, n. (Bot.)
A species of hickory ({Carya alba}) whose outer bark is loose
and peeling; a shagbark; also, its nut.
Shelled \Shelled\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a shell.
Sheller \Shell"er\, n.
One who, or that which, shells; as, an oyster sheller; a corn
sheller.
Shellfish \Shell"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any aquatic animal whose external covering consists of a
shell, either testaceous, as in oysters, clams, and other
mollusks, or crustaceous, as in lobsters and crabs.
Shelling \Shell"ing\, n.
Groats; hulled oats. --Simmonds.
Shell-less \Shell"-less\, a.
Having no shell. --J. Burroughs.
Shellproof \Shell"proof`\, a.
Capable of resisting bombs or other shells; bombproof.
Shellwork \Shell"work`\, n.
Work composed of shells, or adorned with them. --Cotgrave.
Shelly \Shell"y\, a.
Abounding with shells; consisting of shells, or of a shell.
``The shelly shore.'' --Prior.
Shrinks backward in his shelly cave. --Shak.
Shelter \Shel"ter\, n. [Cf. OE. scheltrun, shiltroun,
schelltrome, scheldtrome, a guard, squadron, AS. scildtruma a
troop of men with shields; scild shield + truma a band of
men. See {Shield}, n.]
1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance; a
protection; a screen.
The sick and weak the healing plant shall aid, From
storms a shelter, and from heat a shade. --Pope.
2. One who protects; a guardian; a defender.
Thou [God] hast been a shelter for me. --Ps. lxi. 3.
3. The state of being covered and protected; protection;
security.
Who into shelter takes their tender bloom. --Young.
{Shelter tent},a small tent made of pieces of cotton duck
arranged to button together. In field service the soldiers
carry the pieces.
Syn: Asylum; refuge; retreat; covert; sanctuary; protection;
defense; security.
Shelter \Shel"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sheltered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sheltering}.]
1. To be a shelter for; to provide with a shelter; to cover
from injury or annoyance; to shield; to protect.
Those ruins sheltered once his sacred head.
--Dryden.
You have no convents . . . in which such persons may
be received and sheltered. --Southey.
2. To screen or cover from notice; to disguise.
In vain I strove to cheek my growing flame, Or
shelter passion under friendship's name. --Prior.
3. To betake to cover, or to a safe place; -- used
reflexively.
They sheltered themselves under a rock. --Abp.
Abbot.
Shelter \Shel"ter\, v. i.
To take shelter.
There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat, Shelters
in cool. --Milton.
Shelterless \Shel"ter*less\, a.
Destitute of shelter or protection.
Now sad and shelterless perhaps she lies. --Rowe.
Sheltery \Shel"ter*y\, a.
Affording shelter. [R.]
Sheltie \Shel"tie\, Shelty \Shel"ty\, n.
A Shetland pony.
Shelve \Shelve\, v. t.
1. To furnish with shelves; as, to shelve a closet or a
library.
2. To place on a shelf. Hence: To lay on the shelf; to put
aside; to dismiss from service; to put off indefinitely;
as, to shelve an officer; to shelve a claim.
Shelve \Shelve\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shelved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shelving}.] [Perhapss originally from the same source as
shallow, but influenced by shelf a ledge, a platform.]
To incline gradually; to be slopping; as, the bottom shelves
from the shore.
Shelving \Shelv"ing\, a.
Sloping gradually; inclining; as, a shelving shore. --Shak.
``Shelving arches.'' --Addison.
Shelving \Shelv"ing\, n.
1. The act of fitting up shelves; as, the job of shelving a
closet.
2. The act of laying on a shelf, or on the shelf; putting off
or aside; as, the shelving of a claim.
3. Material for shelves; shelves, collectively.
Shelvy \Shelv"y\, a.
Sloping gradually; shelving.
The shore was shelving and shallow. --Shak.
Shemite \Shem"ite\, n.
A descendant of Shem.
Shemitic \Shem*it"ic\, Shemitish \Shem"i*tish\, a.
Of or pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah, or his
descendants. See {Semitic}.
Shemitism \Shem"i*tism\, n.
See {Semitism}.
Shend \Shend\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shent}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shending}.] [AS. scendan to disgrace, bring to shame, from
sceand, sceond, disgrace, dishonor, shame; akin to G.
schande, Goth. skanda. See {Shame}, n.]
1. To injure, mar, spoil, or harm. [Obs.] ``Loss of time
shendeth us.'' --Chaucer.
I fear my body will be shent. --Dryden.
2. To blame, reproach, or revile; to degrade, disgrace, or
put to shame. [Archaic] --R. Browning.
The famous name of knighthood foully shend.
--Spenser.
She passed the rest as Cynthia doth shend The lesser
stars. --Spenser.
Shendful \Shend"ful\, a.
Destructive; ruinous; disgraceful. [Obs.] -- {Shend"ful*ly},
adv. [Obs.] --Fabyan.
Shendship \Shend"ship\, n.
Harm; ruin; also, reproach; disgrace. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Shent \Shent\,
obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of {Shend}, for shendeth.
--Chaucer.
Shent \Shent\, v. t.
To shend. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sheol \She"ol\ (sh[=e]"[=o]l), n. [Heb. sh[e^][=o]l.]
The place of departed spirits; Hades; also, the grave.
For thou wilt not leave my soul to sheol. --Ps. xvi.
10. (Rev.
Ver.)
Shepen \Shep"en\, n.
A stable; a shippen. [Obs.]
The shepne brenning with the blacke smoke. --Chaucer.
Shepherd \Shep"herd\, n. [OE. schepherde, schephirde, AS.
sce['a]phyrde; sce['a]p sheep + hyrde, hirde, heorde, a herd,
a guardian. See {Sheep}, and {Herd}.]
1. A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding sheep,
esp. a flock grazing at large.
2. The pastor of a church; one with the religious guidance of
others.
{Shepherd bird} (Zo["o]l.), the crested screamer. See
{Screamer}.
{Shepherd dog} (Zo["o]l.), a breed of dogs used largely for
the herding and care of sheep. There are several kinds, as
the collie, or Scotch shepherd dog, and the English
shepherd dog. Called also {shepherd's dog}.
{Shepherd dog}, a name of Pan. --Keats.
{Shepherd kings}, the chiefs of a nomadic people who invaded
Egypt from the East in the traditional period, and
conquered it, at least in part. They were expelled after
about five hundred years, and attempts have been made to
connect their expulsion with narrative in the book of
Exodus.
{Shepherd's club} (Bot.), the common mullein. See {Mullein}.
{Shepherd's crook}, a long staff having the end curved so as
to form a large hook, -- used by shepherds.
{Shepherd's needle} (Bot.), the lady's comb.
{Shepherd's plaid}, a kind of woolen cloth of a checkered
black and white pattern.
{Shephered spider} (Zo["o]l.), a daddy longlegs, or
harvestman.
{Shepherd's pouch}, or {Shepherd's purse} (Bot.), an annual
cruciferous plant ({Capsella Bursapastoris}) bearing small
white flowers and pouchlike pods. See Illust. of
{Silicle}.
{Shepherd's rod}, or {Shepherd's staff} (Bot.), the small
teasel.
Shepherd \Shep"herd\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shepherded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Shepherding}.]
To tend as a shepherd; to guard, herd, lead, or drive, as a
shepherd. [Poetic]
White, fleecy clouds . . .
Shepherded by the slow, unwilling wind. --Shelley.
Shepherdess \Shep"herd*ess\, n.
A woman who tends sheep; hence, a rural lass.
She put herself into the garb of a shepherdess. --Sir
P. Sidney.
Shepherdia \Shep*her"di*a\, n.; pl. {Shepherdias}. [NL. So
called from John Shepherd, an English botanist.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubs having silvery scurfy leaves, and belonging
to the same family as El[ae]agnus; also, any plant of this
genus. See {Buffalo berry}, under {Buffalo}.
Shepherdish \Shep"herd*ish\, n.
Resembling a shepherd; suiting a shepherd; pastoral. --Sir T.
Sidney.
Shepherdism \Shep"herd*ism\, n.
Pastoral life or occupation.
Shepherdling \Shep"herd*ling\, n.
A little shepherd.
Shepherdly \Shep"herd*ly\, a.
Resembling, or becoming to, a shepherd; pastoral; rustic.
[R.] --Jer. Taylor.
Shepster \Shep"ster\, n.
A seamstress. [Obs.] --Caxton.
Sherbet \Sher"bet\, n. [Ar. sherbet, shorbet, sharbat, properly,
one drink or sip, a draught, beverage, from shariba to drink.
Cf. {Sorbet}, {Sirup}, {Shrub} a drink.]
1. A refreshing drink, common in the East, made of the juice
of some fruit, diluted, sweetened, and flavored in various
ways; as, orange sherbet; lemon sherbet; raspberry
sherbet, etc.
2. A flavored water ice.
3. A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric acid,
sugar, etc., variously flavored, for making an
effervescing drink; -- called also {sherbet powder}.
Sherd \Sherd\, n.
A fragment; -- now used only in composition, as in potsherd.
See {Shard}.
The thigh . . . which all in sherds it drove.
--Chapman.
Shereef \Sher"eef\, Sherif \Sher"if\, n. [Ar. sher[=i]f noble,
holy, n., a prince.]
A member of an Arab princely family descended from Mohammed
through his son-in-law Ali and daughter Fatima. The Grand
Shereef is the governor of Mecca.
Sheriat \Sher"i*at\, n. [Turk. sher[=i] 'at]
The sacred law of the Turkish empire.
Sheriff \Sher"iff\, n. [OE. shereve, AS. sc[=i]r-ger?fa; sc[=i]r
a shire + ger?fa a reeve. See Shire, and {Reeve}, and cf.
{Shrievalty}.]
The chief officer of a shire or county, to whom is intrusted
the execution of the laws, the serving of judicial writs and
processes, and the preservation of the peace.
Note: In England, sheriffs are appointed by the king. In the
United States, sheriffs are elected by the legislature
or by the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by
the executive of the State. The office of sheriff in
England is judicial and ministerial. In the United
States, it is mainly ministerial. The sheriff, by
himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal
process throughout the county, has charge of the jail
and prisoners, attends courts, and keeps the peace. His
judicial authority is generally confined to
ascertaining damages on writs of inquiry and the like.
Sheriff, in Scotland, called sheriff depute, is
properly a judge, having also certain ministerial
powers. Sheriff clerk is the clerk of the Sheriff's
Court in Scotland. Sheriff's Court in London is a
tribunal having cognizance of certain personal actions
in that city. --Wharton, Tomlins. Erskine.
Sheriffalty \Sher"iff*al*ty\, Sheriffdom \Sher"iff*dom\,
Sheriffry \Sher"iff*ry\, Sheriffship \Sher"iff*ship\,
Sheriffwick \Sher"iff*wick\, n.
The office or jurisdiction of sheriff. See {Shrievalty}.
Shern \Shern\, n.
See {Shearn}. [Obs.]
Sherris \Sher"ris\, n.
Sherry. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sherry \Sher"ry\, n. [So called from Xeres, a Spanish town near
Cadiz, x in Spanish having been formerly pronounced like sh
in English.]
A Spanish light-colored dry wine, made in Andalusia. As
prepared for commerce it is colored a straw color or a deep
amber by mixing with it cheap wine boiled down.
{Sherry cobbler}, a beverage prepared with sherry wine,
water, lemon or orange, sugar, ice, etc., and usually
imbided through a straw or a glass tube.
Sherryvallies \Sher"ry*val`lies\, n. pl. [Cf. Sp. zaraquelles
wide breeches or overalls.]
Trousers or overalls of thick cloth or leather, buttoned on
the outside of each leg, and generally worn to protect other
trousers when riding on horseback. [Local, U.S.] --Bartlett.
Shet \Shet\, v. t. & i. [imp. {Shet}. (Obs. {Shette} (? or ?));
p. pr. {Shet}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Shetting}.]
To shut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Chaucer.
Shete \Shete\, v. t. & i.
To shoot. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sheth \Sheth\, n.
The part of a plow which projects downward beneath the beam,
for holding the share and other working parts; -- also called
{standard}, or {post}.
Shetland pony \Shet"land po"ny\
One of a small, hardy breed of horses, with long mane and
tail, which originated in the Shetland Islands; a sheltie.
Shew \Shew\, v. t. & i.
See {Show}.
Shew \Shew\, n.
Show. [Obs. except in shewbread.]
Shewbread \Shew"bread`\
See {Showbread}.
Shewel \Shew"el\, n.
A scarecrow. [Obs.] --Trench.
Shewer \Shew"er\, n.
One who shews. See {Shower}.
Shewn \Shewn\,
p. p. of {Shew}.
Shiah \Shi"ah\, n.
Same as {Shiite}.
Shibboleth \Shib"bo*leth\, n. [Heb. shibb[=o]leth an ear of
corn, or a stream, a flood.]
1. A word which was made the criterion by which to
distinguish the Ephraimites from the Gileadites. The
Ephraimites, not being able to pronounce sh, called the
word sibboleth. See --Judges xii.
Without reprieve, adjudged to death, For want of
well pronouncing shibboleth. --Milton.
Also in an extended sense.
The th, with its twofold value, is . . . the
shibboleth of foreigners. --Earle.
2. Hence, the criterion, test, or watchword of a party; a
party cry or pet phrase.
Shide \Shide\, n. [OE. shide, schide, AS. sc[=i]de; akin to OHG.
sc[=i]t, G. scheit, Icel. sk[=i][eth], and E. shed, v.t.]
A thin board; a billet of wood; a splinter. [Prov. Eng.]
Shie \Shie\, v. t.
See {Shy}, to throw.
Shied \Shied\,
imp. & p. p. of {Shy}.
Shiel \Shiel\, n.
A sheeling. [Scot.] --Burns.
Shield \Shield\, n. [OE. sheld, scheld, AS. scield, scild,
sceld, scyld; akin to OS. scild, OFries. skeld, D. & G.
schild, OHG. scilt, Icel. skj["o]ldr, Sw. sk["o]ld, Dan.
skiold, Goth. skildus; of uncertain origin. Cf. {Sheldrake}.]
1. A broad piece of defensive armor, carried on the arm, --
formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the
body. See {Buckler}.
Now put your shields before your hearts and fight,
With hearts more proof than shields. --Shak.
2. Anything which protects or defends; defense; shelter;
protection. ``My council is my shield.'' --Shak.
3. Figuratively, one who protects or defends.
Fear not, Abram; I am thy shield, and thy exceeding
great reward. --Gen. xv. 1.
4. (Bot.) In lichens, a Hardened cup or disk surrounded by a
rim and containing the fructification, or asci.
5. (Her.) The escutcheon or field on which are placed the
bearings in coats of arms. Cf. {Lozenge}. See Illust. of
{Escutcheon}.
6. (Mining & Tunneling) A framework used to protect workmen
in making an adit under ground, and capable of being
pushed along as excavation progresses.
7. A spot resembling, or having the form of, a shield.
``Bespotted as with shields of red and black.'' --Spenser.
8. A coin, the old French crown, or ['e]cu, having on one
side the figure of a shield. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{Shield fern} (Bot.), any fern of the genus {Aspidium}, in
which the fructifications are covered with shield-shaped
indusia; -- called also {wood fern}. See Illust. of
{Indusium}.
Shield \Shield\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shielded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shielding}.] [AS. scidan, scyldan. See {Shield}, n.]
1. To cover with, or as with, a shield; to cover from danger;
to defend; to protect from assault or injury.
Shouts of applause ran ringing through the field, To
see the son the vanquished father shield. --Dryden.
A woman's shape doth shield thee. --Shak.
2. To ward off; to keep off or out.
They brought with them their usual weeds, fit to
shield the cold to which they had been inured.
--Spenser.
3. To avert, as a misfortune; hence, as a supplicatory
exclamation, forbid! [Obs.]
God shield that it should so befall. --Chaucer.
God shield I should disturb devotion! --Shak.
Shield-bearer \Shield"-bear`er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, carries a shield.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any small moth of the genus {Aspidisca}, whose
larva makes a shieldlike covering for itself out of bits
of leaves.
Shielddrake \Shield"drake`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A sheldrake.
Shieldless \Shield"less\, a.
Destitute of a shield, or of protection. -- {Shield"less*ly},
adv. -- {Shield"less*ness}, n.
Shieldtail \Shield"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of small burrowing snakes of the family
{Uropeltid[ae]}, native of Ceylon and Southern Asia. They
have a small mouth which can not be dilated.
Shieling \Shiel"ing\, n.
A hut or shelter for shepherds of fishers. See {Sheeling}.
[Scot.]
Shift \Shift\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shifted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shifting}.] [OE. shiften, schiften, to divide, change,
remove. AS. sciftan to divide; akin to LG. & D. schiften to
divide, distinguish, part Icel. skipta to divide, to part, to
shift, to change, Dan skifte, Sw. skifta, and probably to
Icel. sk[=i]fa to cut into slices, as n., a slice, and to E.
shive, sheave, n., shiver, n.]
1. To divide; to distribute; to apportion. [Obs.]
To which God of his bounty would shift Crowns two of
flowers well smelling. --Chaucer.
2. To change the place of; to move or remove from one place
to another; as, to shift a burden from one shoulder to
another; to shift the blame.
Hastily he schifte him[self]. --Piers
Plowman.
Pare saffron between the two St. Mary's days, Or set
or go shift it that knowest the ways. --Tusser.
3. To change the position of; to alter the bearings of; to
turn; as, to shift the helm or sails.
Carrying the oar loose, [they] shift it hither and
thither at pleasure. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
4. To exchange for another of the same class; to remove and
to put some similar thing in its place; to change; as, to
shift the clothes; to shift the scenes.
I would advise you to shift a shirt. --Shak.
5. To change the clothing of; -- used reflexively. [Obs.]
As it were to ride day and night; and . . . not to
have patience to shift me. --Shak.
6. To put off or out of the way by some expedient. ``I
shifted him away.'' --Shak.
{To shift off}, to delay; to defer; to put off; to lay aside.
{To shift the scene}, to change the locality or the
surroundings, as in a play or a story.
Shift the scene for half an hour; Time and place are
in thy power. --Swift.
Shiff \Shiff\, v. i.
1. To divide; to distribute. [Obs.]
Some this, some that, as that him liketh shift.
--Chaucer.
2. To make a change or changes; to change position; to move;
to veer; to substitute one thing for another; -- used in
the various senses of the transitive verb.
The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered
pantaloon. --Shak.
Here the Baillie shifted and fidgeted about in his
seat. --Sir W.
Scott.
3. To resort to expedients for accomplishing a purpose; to
contrive; to manage.
Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave
their companions to schift as well as they can.
--L'Estrange.
4. To practice indirect or evasive methods.
All those schoolmen, though they were exceeding
witty, yet better teach all their followers to
shift, than to resolve by their distinctions. --Sir
W. Raleigh.
5. (Naut.) To slip to one side of a ship, so as to destroy
the equilibrum; -- said of ballast or cargo; as, the cargo
shifted.
Shift \Shift\, n. [Cf. Icel skipti. See {Shift}, v. t.]
1. The act of shifting. Specifically:
(a) The act of putting one thing in the place of another,
or of changing the place of a thing; change;
substitution.
My going to Oxford was not merely for shift of
air. --Sir H.
Wotton.
(b) A turning from one thing to another; hence, an
expedient tried in difficalty; often, an evasion; a
trick; a fraud. ``Reduced to pitiable shifts.''
--Macaulay.
I 'll find a thousand shifts to get away.
--Shak.
Little souls on little shifts rely. --Dryden.
2. Something frequently shifted; especially, a woman's
under-garment; a chemise.
3. The change of one set of workmen for another; hence, a
spell, or turn, of work; also, a set of workmen who work
in turn with other sets; as, a night shift.
4. In building, the extent, or arrangement, of the
overlapping of plank, brick, stones, etc., that are placed
in courses so as to break joints.
5. (Mining) A breaking off and dislocation of a seam; a
fault.
6. (Mus.) A change of the position of the hand on the finger
board, in playing the violin.
{To make shift}, to contrive or manage in an exigency. ``I
shall make shift to go without him.'' --Shak.
[They] made a shift to keep their own in Ireland.
--Milton.
Shiftable \Shift"a*ble\, a.
Admitting of being shifted.
Shifter \Shift"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, shifts; one who plays tricks or
practices artifice; a cozener.
'T was such a shifter that, if truth were known,
Death was half glad when he had got him down.
--Milton.
2. (Naut.) An assistant to the ship's cook in washing,
steeping, and shifting the salt provisions.
3. (Mach.)
(a) An arrangement for shifting a belt sidewise from one
pulley to another.
(b) (Knitting Mach.) A wire for changing a loop from one
needle to another, as in narrowing, etc.
Shiftiness \Shift"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being shifty.
Diplomatic shiftiness and political versatility. --J.
A. Syminds.
Shifting \Shift"ing\, a.
1. Changing in place, position, or direction; varying;
variable; fickle; as, shifting winds; shifting opinions or
principles.
2. Adapted or used for shifting anything.
{Shifting backstays} (Naut.), temporary stays that have to be
let go whenever the vessel tacks or jibes.
{Shifting ballast}, ballast which may be moved from one side
of a vessel to another as safety requires.
{Shifting center}. See {Metacenter}.
{Shifting locomotive}. See {Switching engine}, under
{Switch}.
Shiftingly \Shift"ing*ly\, adv.
In a shifting manner.
Shiftless \Shift"less\, a.
Destitute of expedients, or not using successful expedients;
characterized by failure, especially by failure to provide
for one's own support, through negligence or incapacity;
hence, lazy; improvident; thriftless; as, a shiftless fellow;
shiftless management. -- {Shift"less*ly}, adv. --
{Shift"less*ness}, n.
Shifty \Shift"y\, a.
Full of, or ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or
contrivance. --Wright.
Shifty and thrifty as old Greek or modern Scot, there
were few things he could not invent, and perhaps
nothing he could not endure. --C. Kingsley.
Shiite \Shi"ite\, Shiah \Shi"ah\, n. [Ar. sh[=i]'a[=i]a follower
of the sect of Ali, fr. sh[=i]'at, sh[=i]'ah, a multitude
following one another in pursuit of the same object, the sect
of Ali, fr. sh[=a]'a to follow.]
A member of that branch of the Mohammedans to which the
Persians belong. They reject the first three caliphs, and
consider Ali as being the first and only rightful successor
of Mohammed. They do not acknowledge the Sunna, or body of
traditions respecting Mohammed, as any part of the law, and
on these accounts are treated as heretics by the Sunnites, or
orthodox Mohammedans.
Shikaree \Shi*ka"ree\, Shikari \Shi*ka"ri\ n. [Hind.]
A sportsman; esp., a native hunter. [India]
Shilf \Shilf\, n. [CF. G. shilf sedge.]
Straw. [Obs.]
Shill \Shill\, v. t.
To shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shill \Shill\, v. t. [Cf. {Sheal}.]
To put under cover; to sheal. [Prov.ng.] --Brockett.
Shillalah \Shil*la"lah\, Shillelah \Shil*le"lah\, n.
An oaken sapling or cudgel; any cudgel; -- so called from
Shillelagh, a place in Ireland of that name famous for its
oaks. [Irish] [Written also {shillaly}, and {shillely}.]
Shilling \Shil"ling\, n. [OE. shilling, schilling, AS. scilling;
akin to D. schelling, OS. & OHG. scilling, G. schilling, Sw.
& Dan. skilling, Icel. skillingr, Goth. skilliggs, and perh.
to OHG. scellan to sound, G. schallen.]
1. A silver coin, and money of account, of Great Britain and
its dependencies, equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth
part of a pound, equivalent to about twenty-four cents of
the United States currency.
2. In the United States, a denomination of money, differing
in value in different States. It is not now legally
recognized.
Note: Many of the States while colonies had issued bills of
credit which had depreciated in different degrees in
the different colonies. Thus, in New England currency
(used also in Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana,
Illinois, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida),
after the adoption of the decimal system, the pound in
paper money was worth only $3.333, and the shilling 16?
cts., or 6s. to $1; in New York currency (also in North
Carolina, Ohio, and Michigan), the pound was worth
$2.50, and the shilling 121/2 cts., or 8s. to $1; in
Pennsylvania currency (also in New Jersey, Delaware,
and Maryland), the pound was worth $2.70, and the
shilling 131/2 cts., or 7s. 6d. to $1; and in Georgia
currency (also in South Carolina), the pound was worth
$4.29?, and the shilling 21? cts., or 4s 8d. to $1. In
many parts of the country . . . the reckoning by
shillings and pence is not yet entirely abandoned.
--Am. Cyc.
3. The Spanish real, of the value of one eight of a dollar,
or 12? cets; -- formerly so called in New York and some
other States. See Note under 2.
{York shilling}. Same as {Shilling}, 3.
Shill-I-shall-I \Shill"-I-shall`-I\, Shilly-shally
\Shil"ly-shal`ly\, adv. [A reduplication of shall I.]
In an irresolute, undecided, or hesitating manner.
I am somewhat dainty in making a resolution, because
when I make it, I keep it; I don't stand
shill-I-shall-I then; if I say 't, I'll do 't.
--Congreve.
Shilly-shally \Shil"ly-shal`ly\, v. i.
To hesitate; to act in an irresolute manner; hence, to occupy
one's self with trifles.
Shilly-shally \Shil"ly-shal`ly\, n.
Irresolution; hesitation; also, occupation with trifles.
She lost not one of her forty-five minutes in picking
and choosing, -- no shilly-shally in Kate. --De
Quincey.
Shiloh \Shi"loh\ (sh[=i]"l[=o]), n. [Heb. sh[=i]l[=o]h,
literally, quiet, rest, fr. sh[=a]l[=a]h to rest.] (Script.)
A word used by Jacob on his deathbed, and interpreted
variously, as ``the Messiah,'' or as the city ``Shiloh,'' or
as ``Rest.''
Shily \Shi"ly\, adv.
See {Shyly}.
Shim \Shim\, n.
1. A kind of shallow plow used in tillage to break the
ground, and clear it of weeds.
2. (Mach.) A thin piece of metal placed between two parts to
make a fit.
Shimmer \Shim"mer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shimmered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Shimmering}.] [OE. schimeren, AS. scimerian; akin to
sc[=i]mian, sc[=i]man, to glitter, D. schemeren, G.
schimmern, Dan. skimre, Sw. skimra, AS. sc[=i]ma a light,
brightness, Icel. sk[=i]ma, Goth. skeima a torch, a lantern,
and E. shine. [root]157. See {Shine}, v. i.]
To shine with a tremulous or intermittent light; to shine
faintly; to gleam; to glisten; to glimmer.
The shimmering glimpses of a stream. --Tennyson.
Shimmer \Shim"mer\, n.
A faint, tremulous light; a gleaming; a glimmer.
TWo silver lamps, fed with perfumed oil, diffused . . .
a trembling twilight-seeming shimmer through the quiet
apartment. --Sir W.
Scott.
Shimmering \Shim"mer*ing\, n.
A gleam or glimmering. ``A little shimmering of a light.''
--Chaucer.
Shimmy \Shim"my\, n.
A chemise. [Colloq.]
Shin \Shin\, n. [OE. shine, schine, AS. scina; akin to D.
scheen, OHG. scina, G. schiene, schienbein, Dan. skinnebeen,
Sw. skenben. Cf. {Chine}.]
1. The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge
of the shin bone; the lower part of the leg; the shank.
``On his shin.'' --Chaucer.
2. (Railbroad) A fish plate for rails. --Knight.
{Shin bone} (Anat.), the tibia.
{Shin leaf} (Bot.), a perennial ericaceous herb ({Pyrola
elliptica}) with a cluster of radical leaves and a raceme
of greenish white flowers.
Shin \Shin\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shinned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shinning}.]
1. To climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it
alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps,
spurs, or the like; -- used with up; as, to shin up a
mast. [Slang]
2. To run about borrowing money hastily and temporarily, as
for the payment of one's notes at the bank. [Slang, U.S.]
--Bartlett.
Shin \Shin\, v. t.
To climb (a pole, etc.) by shinning up. [Slang]
Shindle \Shin"dle\, n. [See 2d {Shingle}.]
A shingle; also, a slate for roofing. [Obs.] --Holland.
Shindle \Shin"dle\, v. t.
To cover or roof with shindles. [Obs.]
Shindy \Shin"dy\, n.; pl. {Shindies}. [Etymol. uncertain; cf.
{Shinney}, {Shinty}.]
1. An uproar or disturbance; a spree; a row; a riot. [Slang]
--Thackeray.
2. Hockey; shinney. --Bartlett.
3. A fancy or liking. [Local, U. S.] --Bartlett.
Shine \Shine\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shone} (? or ?; 277)
(archaic {Shined}); p. pr. & vb. n. {Shining}.] [OE. shinen,
schinen, AS. sc[=i]nan; akin to D. schijnen, OFries.
sk[=i]na, OS. & OHG. sc[=i]nan, G. scheinen, Icel. sk[=i]na,
Sw. skina, Dan. skinne, Goth. skeinan, and perh. to Gr. ???
shadow. [root]157. Cf. {Sheer} pure, and {Shimmer}.]
1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady
radiance; to exhibit brightness or splendor; as, the sun
shines by day; the moon shines by night.
Hyperion's quickening fire doth shine. --Shak.
God, who commanded the light to shine out of
darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the
light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the
face of Jesus Cghrist. --2 Cor. iv.
6.
Let thine eyes shine forth in their full luster.
--Denham.
2. To be bright by reflection of light; to gleam; to be
glossy; as, to shine like polished silver.
3. To be effulgent in splendor or beauty. ``So proud she
shined in her princely state.'' --Spenser.
Once brightest shined this child of heat and air.
--Pope.
4. To be eminent, conspicuous, or distinguished; to exhibit
brilliant intellectual powers; as, to shine in courts; to
shine in conversation.
Few are qualified to shine in company; but it in
most men's power to be agreeable. --Swift.
{To make}, or {cause}, {the face to shine upon}, to be
propitious to; to be gracious to. --Num. vi. 25.
Shine \Shine\, v. t.
1. To cause to shine, as a light. [Obs.]
He [God] doth not rain wealth, nor shine honor and
virtues, upon men equally. --Bacon.
2. To make bright; to cause to shine by reflected light; as,
in hunting, to shine the eyes of a deer at night by
throwing a light on them. [U. S.] --Bartlett.
Shine \Shine\, n.
1. The quality or state of shining; brightness; luster,
gloss; polish; sheen.
Now sits not girt with taper's holy shine. --Milton.
Fair opening to some court's propitious shine.
--Pope.
The distant shine of the celestial city.
--Hawthorne.
2. Sunshine; fair weather.
Be it fair or foul, or rain or shine. --Dryden.
3. A liking for a person; a fancy. [Slang, U.S.]
4. Caper; antic; row. [Slang]
{To cut up shines}, to play pranks. [Slang, U.S.]
Shine \Shine\, a. [AS. sc[=i]n. See {Shine}, v. i.]
Shining; sheen. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Shiner \Shin"er\, n.
That which shines. Specifically:
(a) A luminary.
(b) A bright piece of money. [Slang]
Has she the shiners, d' ye think? --Foote.
(c) (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of small
freshwater American cyprinoid fishes, belonging to
{Notropis}, or {Minnilus}, and allied genera; as the
redfin ({Notropis megalops}), and the golden shiner
({Notemigonus chrysoleucus}) of the Eastern United
States; also loosely applied to various other silvery
fishes, as the dollar fish, or horsefish, menhaden,
moonfish, sailor's choice, and the sparada.
(d) (Zo["o]l.) The common Lepisma, or furniture bug.
{Blunt-nosed shiner} (Zo["o]l.), the silver moonfish.
Shiness \Shi"ness\, n.
See {Shyness}.
Shingle \Shin"gle\, n. [Prob. from Norw. singl, singling, coarse
gravel, small round stones.] (Geol.)
Round, water-worn, and loose gravel and pebbles, or a
collection of roundish stones, such as are common on the
seashore and elsewhere.
Shingle \Shin"gle\, n. [OE. shingle, shindle, fr. L. scindula,
scandula; cf. scindere to cleave, to split, E. shed, v.t.,
Gr. ???, ???, shingle, ??? to slit.]
1. A piece of wood sawed or rived thin and small, with one
end thinner than the other, -- used in covering buildings,
especially roofs, the thick ends of one row overlapping
the thin ends of the row below.
I reached St. Asaph, . . . where there is a very
poor cathedral church covered with shingles or
tiles. --Ray.
2. A sign for an office or a shop; as, to hang out one's
shingle. [Jocose, U. S.]
{Shingle oak} (Bot.), a kind of oak ({Quercus imbricaria})
used in the Western States for making shingles.
Shingle \Shin"gle\, v. t. [imp. &. p. p. {Shingled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Shingling}.]
1. To cover with shingles; as, to shingle a roof.
They shingle their houses with it. --Evelyn.
2. To cut, as hair, so that the ends are evenly exposed all
over the head, as shingles on a roof.
Shingle \Shin"gle\, v. t.
To subject to the process of shindling, as a mass of iron
from the pudding furnace.
Shingler \Shin"gler\, n.
1. One who shingles.
2. A machine for shingling puddled iron.
Shingles \Shin"gles\, n. [OF. cengle a girth, F. sangle, fr. L.
cingulum a girdle, fr. cingere to gird. Cf. {Cincture},
{Cingle}, {Surcingle}.] (Med.)
A kind of herpes ({Herpes zoster}) which spreads half way
around the body like a girdle, and is usually attended with
violent neuralgic pain.
Shingling \Shin"gling\, n.
1. The act of covering with shingles; shingles, collectively;
a covering made of shingles.
2. (Metal) The process of expelling scori[ae] and other
impurities by hammering and squeezing, in the production
of wrought iron.
{Shingling hammer}, a ponderous hammer moved by machinery,
used in shingling puddled iron.
{Shingling mill}, a mill or forge where puddled iron is
shingled.
Shingly \Shin"gly\, a.
Abounding with shingle, or gravel.
Shinhopple \Shin"hop`ple\, n.
The hobblebush.
Shining \Shin"ing\, a.
1. Emitting light, esp. in a continuous manner; radiant; as,
shining lamps; also, bright by the reflection of light;
as, shining armor. ``Fish . . . with their fins and
shining scales.'' --Milton.
2. Splendid; illustrious; brilliant; distinguished;
conspicious; as, a shining example of charity.
3. Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said of leaves,
the surfaces of shells, etc.
Syn: Glistening; bright; radiant; resplendent; effulgent;
lustrous; brilliant; glittering; splendid; illustrious.
Usage: {Shining}, {Brilliant}, {Sparking}. Shining describes
the steady emission of a strong light, or the steady
reflection of light from a clear or polished surface.
Brilliant denotes a shining of great brightness, but
with gleams or flashes. Sparkling implies a fitful,
intense shining from radiant points or sparks, by
which the eye is dazzled. The same distinctions obtain
when these epithets are figuratively applied. A man of
shining talents is made conspicious by possessing
them; if they flash upon the mind with a peculiarly
striking effect, we call them brilliant; if his
brilliancy is marked by great vivacity and occasional
intensity, he is sparkling.
True paradise . . . inclosed with shining rock.
--Milton.
Some in a brilliant buckle bind her waist, Some
round her neck a circling light display. --Gay.
His sparkling blade about his head he blest.
--Spenser.
Shining \Shin"ing\, n.
Emission or reflection of light.
Shiningness \Shin"ing*ness\, n.
Brightness. --J. Spence.
Shinney \Shin"ney\, n. [CF. {Shindy}.]
The game of hockey; -- so called because of the liability of
the players to receive blows on the shin. --Halliwell.
Shinplaster \Shin"plas`ter\, n.
Formerly, a jocose term for a bank note greatly depreciated
in value; also, for paper money of a denomination less than a
dollar. [U. S.]
Shinto \Shin"to\, Shintiism \Shin"ti*ism\, n. [Chin. shin god +
tao way, doctrine.]
One of the two great systems of religious belief in Japan.
Its essence is ancestor worship, and sacrifice to dead
heroes. [Written also {Sintu}, and {Sintuism}.]
Shintoist \Shin"to*ist\, n.
An adherent of Shintoism.
Shinty \Shin"ty\, n. [Cf. Gael. sinteag a skip, a bound.]
A Scotch game resembling hockey; also, the club used in the
game. --Jamieson.
Shiny \Shin"y\, a. [Compar. {Shinier}; superl. {Shiniest}.]
Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded.
Like distant thunder on a shiny day. --Dryden.
-ship \-ship\ [OE. -schipe, AS. -scipe; akin to OFries. -skipe,
OLG. -skepi, D. -schap, OHG. -scaf, G. -schaft. Cf. {Shape},
n., and {Landscape}.]
A suffix denoting state, office, dignity, profession, or art;
as in lordship, friendship, chancellorship, stewardship,
horsemanship.
Ship \Ship\, n. [AS. scipe.]
Pay; reward. [Obs.]
In withholding or abridging of the ship or the hire or
the wages of servants. --Chaucer.
Ship \Ship\, n. [OE. ship, schip, AS. scip; akin to OFries.
skip, OS. scip, D. schip, G. schiff, OHG. scif, Dan. skib,
Sw. skeep, Icel. & Goth. skip; of unknown origin. Cf.
{Equip}, {Skiff}, {Skipper}.]
1. Any large seagoing vessel.
Like a stately ship . . . With all her bravery on,
and tackle trim, Sails filled, and streamers waving.
--Milton.
Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! --Longfellow.
2. Specifically, a vessel furnished with a bowsprit and three
masts (a mainmast, a foremast, and a mizzenmast), each of
which is composed of a lower mast, a topmast, and a
topgallant mast, and square-rigged on all masts. See
Illustation in Appendix.
l Port or Larboard Side; s Starboard Side; 1 Roundhouse or Deck
House; 2 Tiller; 3 Grating; 4 Wheel; 5 Wheel Chains; 6 Binnacle;
7 Mizzenmast; 8 Skylight; 9 Capstan; 10 Mainmast; 11 Pumps; 12
Galley or Caboose; 13 Main Hatchway; 14 Windlass; 15 Foremast;
16 Fore Hatchway; 17 Bitts; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Head Rail; 20
Boomkins; 21 Catheads on Port Bow and Starboard Bow; 22 Fore
Chains; 23 Main Chains; 24 Mizzen Chains; 25 Stern.
1 Fore Royal Stay; 2 Flying Jib Stay; 3 Fore Topgallant Stay;4
Jib Stay; 5 Fore Topmast Stays; 6 Fore Tacks; 8 Flying
Martingale; 9 Martingale Stay, shackled to Dolphin Striker; 10
Jib Guys; 11 Jumper Guys; 12 Back Ropes; 13 Robstays; 14 Flying
Jib Boom; 15 Flying Jib Footropes; 16 Jib Boom; 17 Jib
Foottropes; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Fore Truck; 20 Fore Royal Mast; 21
Fore Royal Lift; 22 Fore Royal Yard; 23 Fore Royal Backstays; 24
Fore Royal Braces; 25 Fore Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 26 Fore
Topgallant Lift; 27 Fore Topgallant Yard; 28 Fore Topgallant
Backstays; 29 Fore Topgallant Braces; 30 Fore Topmast and
Rigging; 31 Fore Topsail Lift; 32 Fore Topsail Yard; 33 Fore
Topsail Footropes; 34 Fore Topsail Braces; 35 Fore Yard; 36 Fore
Brace; 37 Fore Lift; 38 Fore Gaff; 39 Fore Trysail Vangs; 40
Fore Topmast Studding-sail Boom; 41 Foremast and Rigging; 42
Fore Topmast Backstays; 43 Fore Sheets; 44 Main Truck and
Pennant; 45 Main Royal Mast and Backstay; 46 Main Royal Stay; 47
Main Royal Lift; 48 Main Royal Yard; 49 Main Royal Braces; 50
Main Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 51 Main Topgallant Lift; 52
Main Topgallant Backstays; 53 Main Topgallant Yard; 54 Main
Topgallant Stay; 55 Main Topgallant Braces; 56 Main Topmast and
Rigging; 57 Topsail Lift; 58 Topsail Yard; 59 Topsail Footropes;
60 Topsail Braces; 61 Topmast Stays; 62 Main Topgallant
Studding-sail Boom; 63 Main Topmast Backstay; 64 Main Yard; 65
Main Footropes; 66 Mainmast and Rigging; 67 Main Lift; 68 Main
Braces; 69 Main Tacks; 70 Main Sheets; 71 Main Trysail Gaff; 72
Main Trysail Vangs; 73 Main Stays; 74 Mizzen Truck; 75 Mizzen
Royal Mast and Rigging; 76 Mizzen Royal Stay; 77 Mizzen Royal
Lift; 78 Mizzen Royal Yard; 79 Mizzen Royal Braces; 80 Mizzen
Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 81 Mizzen Topgallant Lift; 82
Mizzen Topgallant Backstays; 83 Mizzen Topgallant Braces; 84
Mizzen Topgallant Yard; 85 Mizzen Topgallant Stay; 86 Mizzen
Topmast and Rigging; 87 Mizzen Topmast Stay; 88 Mizzen Topsail
Lift; 89 Mizzen Topmast Backstays; 90 Mizzen Topsail Braces; 91
Mizzen Topsail Yard; 92 Mizzen Topsail Footropes; 93 Crossjack
Yard; 94 Crossjack Footropes; 95 Crossjack Lift; 96 Crossjack
Braces; 97 Mizzenmast and Rigging; 98 Mizzen Stay; 99 Spanker
Gaff; 100 Peak Halyards; 101 Spanker Vangs; 102 Spanker Boom;
103 Spanker Boom Topping Lift; 104 Jacob's Ladder, or Stern
Ladder; 105 Spanker Sheet; 106 Cutwater; 107 Starboard Bow; 108
Starboard Beam; 109 Water Line; 110 Starboard Quarter; 111
Rudder.
3. A dish or utensil (originally fashioned like the hull of a
ship) used to hold incense. [Obs.] --Tyndale.
{Armed ship}, a private ship taken into the service of the
government in time of war, and armed and equipped like a
ship of war. [Eng.] --Brande & C.
{General ship}. See under {General}.
{Ship biscuit}, hard biscuit prepared for use on shipboard;
-- called also {ship bread}. See {Hardtack}.
{Ship boy}, a boy who serves in a ship. ``Seal up the ship
boy's eyes.'' --Shak.
{Ship breaker}, one who breaks up vessels when unfit for
further use.
{Ship broker}, a mercantile agent employed in buying and
selling ships, procuring cargoes, etc., and generally in
transacting the business of a ship or ships when in port.
{Ship canal}, a canal suitable for the passage of seagoing
vessels.
{Ship carpenter}, a carpenter who works at shipbuilding; a
shipwright.
{Ship chandler}, one who deals in cordage, canvas, and other,
furniture of vessels.
{Ship chandlery}, the commodities in which a ship chandler
deals; also, the business of a ship chandler.
{Ship fever} (Med.), a form of typhus fever; -- called also
{putrid, jail, or hospital fever}.
{Ship joiner}, a joiner who works upon ships.
{Ship letter}, a letter conveyed by a ship not a mail packet.
{Ship money} (Eng. Hist.), an imposition formerly charged on
the ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and counties, of
England, for providing and furnishing certain ships for
the king's service. The attempt made by Charles I. to
revive and enforce this tax was resisted by John Hampden,
and was one of the causes which led to the death of
Charles. It was finally abolished.
{Ship of the line}. See under {Line}.
{Ship pendulum}, a pendulum hung amidships to show the extent
of the rolling and pitching of a vessel.
{Ship railway}.
(a) An inclined railway with a cradelike car, by means of
which a ship may be drawn out of water, as for
repairs.
(b) A railway arranged for the transportation of vessels
overland between two water courses or harbors.
{Ship's company}, the crew of a ship or other vessel.
{Ship's days}, the days allowed a vessel for loading or
unloading.
{Ship's husband}. See under {Husband}.
{Ship's papers} (Mar. Law), papers with which a vessel is
required by law to be provided, and the production of
which may be required on certain occasions. Among these
papers are the register, passport or sea letter, charter
party, bills of lading, invoice, log book, muster roll,
bill of health, etc. --Bouvier. --Kent.
{To make ship}, to embark in a ship or other vessel.
Ship \Ship\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shipped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shipping}.]
1. To put on board of a ship, or vessel of any kind, for
transportation; to send by water.
The timber was . . . shipped in the bay of Attalia,
from whence it was by sea transported to Pelusium.
--Knolles.
2. By extension, in commercial usage, to commit to any
conveyance for transportation to a distance; as, to ship
freight by railroad.
3. Hence, to send away; to get rid of. [Colloq.]
4. To engage or secure for service on board of a ship; as, to
ship seamen.
5. To receive on board ship; as, to ship a sea.
6. To put in its place; as, to ship the tiller or rudder.
Ship \Ship\, v. i.
1. To engage to serve on board of a vessel; as, to ship on a
man-of-war.
2. To embark on a ship. --Wyclif (Acts xxviii. 11)
Shipboard \Ship"board`\, n. [Ship + board. See {Board}, n., 8]
A ship's side; hence, by extension, a ship; -- found chiefly
in adverbial phrases; as, on shipboard; a shipboard.
Shipbuilder \Ship"build`er\, n.
A person whose occupation is to construct ships and other
vessels; a naval architect; a shipwright.
Shipbuilding \Ship"build`ing\, n.
Naval architecturel the art of constructing ships and other
vessels.
Shipful \Ship"ful\, n.; pl. {Shipfuls}.
As much or as many as a ship will hold; enough to fill a
ship.
Shipholder \Ship"hold`er\, n.
A shipowner.
Shipless \Ship"less\, a.
Destitute of ships. --Gray.
Shiplet \Ship"let\, n.
A little ship. [R.] --Holinshed.
Shipload \Ship"load`\, n.
The load, or cargo, of a ship.
Shipman \Ship"man\, n.; pl. {Shipmen}.
A seaman, or sailor. [Obs. or Poetic] --Chaucer. R. Browning.
About midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near
to some country. --Acts xxvii.
27.
{Shipman's card}, the mariner's compass. [Obs.] --Shak.
Shipmaster \Ship"mas`ter\, n.
The captain, master, or commander of a ship. --Jonah i. 6.
Shipmate \Ship"mate`\, n.
One who serves on board of the same ship with another; a
fellow sailor.
Shipment \Ship"ment\, n.
1. The act or process of shipping; as, he was engaged in the
shipment of coal for London; an active shipment of wheat
from the West.
2. That which is shipped.
The question is, whether the share of M. in the
shipment is exempted from condemnation by reason of
his neutral domicle. --Story.
Shipowner \Ship"own`er\, n.
Owner of a ship or ships.
Shippen \Ship"pen\, n. [AS. scypen. Cf. {Shop}, {Shepen}.]
A stable; a cowhouse. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shipper \Ship"per\, n. [See {Ship}, n., and cf. {Skipper}.]
One who sends goods from one place to another not in the same
city or town, esp. one who sends goods by water.
Shipping \Ship"ping\, a.
1. Relating to ships, their ownership, transfer, or
employment; as, shiping concerns.
2. Relating to, or concerned in, the forwarding of goods; as,
a shipping clerk.
Shipping \Ship"ping\, n.
1. The act of one who, or of that which, ships; as, the
shipping of flour to Liverpool.
2. The collective body of ships in one place, or belonging to
one port, country, etc.; vessels, generally; tonnage.
3. Navigation. ``God send 'em good shipping.'' --Shak.
{Shipping articles}, articles of agreement between the
captain of a vessel and the seamen on board, in respect to
the amount of wages, length of time for which they are
shipping, etc. --Bouvier.
{To take shipping}, to embark; to take ship. [Obs.] --John
vi. 24. --Shak.
Shippon \Ship"pon\, n.
A cowhouse; a shippen. [Prov. Eng.]
Bessy would either do fieldwork, or attend to the cows,
the shippon, or churn, or make cheese. --Dickens.
Ship-rigged \Ship"-rigged`\, a. (Naut.)
Rigged like a ship, that is, having three masts, each with
square sails.
Shipshape \Ship"shape`\, a.
Arranged in a manner befitting a ship; hence, trim; tidy;
orderly.
Even then she expressed her scorn for the lubbery
executioner's mode of tying a knot, and did it herself
in a shipshape orthodox manner. --De Quincey.
Keep everything shipshape, for I must go --Tennyson.
Shipshape \Ship"shape`\, adv.
In a shipshape or seamanlike manner.
Shipworm \Ship"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any long, slender, worm-shaped bivalve mollusk of {Teredo}
and allied genera. The shipworms burrow in wood, and are
destructive to wooden ships, piles of wharves, etc. See
{Teredo}.
Shipwreck \Ship"wreck`\, n.
1. The breaking in pieces, or shattering, of a ship or other
vessel by being cast ashore or driven against rocks,
shoals, etc., by the violence of the winds and waves.
2. A ship wrecked or destroyed upon the water, or the parts
of such a ship; wreckage. --Dryden.
3. Fig.: Destruction; ruin; irretrievable loss.
Holding faith and a good conscience, which some
having put away concerning faith have made
shipwreck. --1 Tim. 1.
19.
It was upon an Indian bill that the late ministry
had made shipwreck. --J. Morley.
Shipwreck \Ship"wreck`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shipwrecked}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Shipwrecking}.]
1. To destroy, as a ship at sea, by running ashore or on
rocks or sandbanks, or by the force of wind and waves in a
tempest.
Shipwrecking storms and direful thunders break.
--Shak.
2. To cause to experience shipwreck, as sailors or
passengers. Hence, to cause to suffer some disaster or
loss; to destroy or ruin, as if by shipwreck; to wreck;
as, to shipwreck a business. --Addison.
Shipwright \Ship"wright`\, n.
One whose occupation is to construct ships; a builder of
ships or other vessels.
Shipyard \Ship"yard`\, n.
A yard, place, or inclosure where ships are built or
repaired.
Shiraz \Shi*raz"\, n.
A kind of Persian wine; -- so called from the place whence it
is brought.
Shire \Shire\, n. [AS. sc[=i]re, sc[=i]r, a division, province,
county. Cf. {Sheriff}.]
1. A portion of Great Britain originally under the
supervision of an earl; a territorial division, usually
identical with a county, but sometimes limited to a
smaller district; as, Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Richmondshire,
Hallamshire.
An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a
county or shire. --Blackstone.
2. A division of a State, embracing several contiguous
townships; a county. [U. S.]
Note: Shire is commonly added to the specific designation of
a county as a part of its name; as, Yorkshire instead
of York shire, or the shire of York; Berkshire instead
of Berks shire. Such expressions as the county of
Yorkshire, which in a strict sense are tautological,
are used in England. In the United States the composite
word is sometimes the only name of a county; as,
Berkshire county, as it is called in Massachusetts,
instead of Berks county, as in Pensylvania.
The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and
Thames separate the counties of Northumberland,
Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, etc. --Encyc.
Brit.
{Knight of the shire}. See under {Knight}.
{Shire clerk}, an officer of a county court; also, an under
sheriff. [Eng.]
{Shire mote} (Old. Eng. Law), the county court; sheriff's
turn, or court. [Obs.] --Cowell. --Blackstone.
{Shire reeve} (Old Eng. Law), the reeve, or bailiff, of a
shire; a sheriff. --Burrill.
{Shire town}, the capital town of a county; a county town.
{Shire wick}, a county; a shire. [Obs.] --Holland.
Shirk \Shirk\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shirked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shirking}.] [Probably the same word as shark. See {Shark},
v. t.]
1. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean
solicitation.
You that never heard the call of any vocation, . . .
that shirk living from others, but time from
Yourselves. --Bp. Rainbow.
2. To avoid; to escape; to neglect; -- implying
unfaithfulness or fraud; as, to shirk duty.
The usual makeshift by which they try to shirk
difficulties. --Hare.
Shirk \Shirk\, v. i.
1. To live by shifts and fraud; to shark.
2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty,
as by running away.
One of the cities shirked from the league. --Byron.
Shirk \Shirk\, n.
One who lives by shifts and tricks; one who avoids the
performance of duty or labor.
Shirker \Shirk"er\, n.
One who shirks. --Macaulay.
Shirky \Shirk"y\, a.
Disposed to shirk. [Colloq.]
Shirl \Shirl\, a.
Shrill. [Prov. Eng.] -- Halliwell.
Shirl \Shirl\, n. (Min.)
See {Schorl}.
Shirley \Shir"ley\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The bullfinch.
Shirr \Shirr\, n. (Sewing)
A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as
to make the material between them set full by gatherings; --
called also {shirring}, and {gauging}.
Shirred \Shirred\, a.
1. (Sewing) Made or gathered into a shirr; as, a shirred
bonnet.
2. (Cookery) Broken into an earthen dish and baked over the
fire; -- said of eggs.
Shirt \Shirt\, n. [OE. schirte, sherte, schurte; akin to Icel.
skyrta, Dan. skiorte, Sw. skjorta, Dan. ski["o]rt a
petticoat, D. schort a petticoat, an argon, G. schurz,
sch["u]rze, an argon; all probably from the root of E. short,
as being originally a short garment. See {Short}, and cf.
{Skirt}.]
A loose under-garment for the upper part of the body, made of
cotton, linen, or other material; -- formerly used of the
under-garment of either sex, now commonly restricted to that
worn by men and boys.
Several persons in December had nothing over their
shoulders but their shirts. --Addison.
She had her shirts and girdles of hair. --Bp. Fisher.
Shirt \Shirt\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Shirted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Shirting}.]
To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as with a shirt.
--Dryden.
Shirting \Shirt"ing\, n.
Cloth, specifically cotton cloth, suitable for making shirts.
Shirtless \Shirt"less\, a.
Not having or wearing a shirt. --Pope. -- {Shirt"less*ness},
n.
Shist \Shist\, Shistose \Shis*tose"\
See {Shist}, {Schistose}.
Shittah \Shit"tah\, Shittah tree \Shit"tah tree`\, n. [Heb.
shitt[=a]h, pl. shitt[=i]m.]
A tree that furnished the precious wood of which the ark,
tables, altars, boards, etc., of the Jewish tabernacle were
made; -- now believed to have been the wood of the {Acacia
Seyal}, which is hard, fine grained, and yellowish brown in
color.
Shittim \Shit"tim\, Shittim wood \Shit"tim wood`\, n.
The wood of the shittah tree.
Shittle \Shit"tle\, n. [See {Shuttle}.]
A shuttle. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Shittle \Shit"tle\, a.
Wavering; unsettled; inconstant. [Obs.] --Holland.
Shittlecock \Shit"tle*cock`\, n.
A shuttlecock. [Obs.]
Shittleness \Shit"tle*ness\, n.
Instability; inconstancy. [Obs.]
The vain shittlenesse of an unconstant head. --Baret.
Shive \Shive\, n. [See {Sheave}, n.]
1. A slice; as, a shive of bread. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
--Shak.
2. A thin piece or fragment; specifically, one of the scales
or pieces of the woody part of flax removed by the
operation of breaking.
3. A thin, flat cork used for stopping a wide-mouthed bottle;
also, a thin wooden bung for casks.
Shiver \Shiv"er\, n. [OE. schivere, fr. shive; cf. G. schifer a
splinter, slate, OHG. scivere a splinter, Dan. & Sw. skifer a
slate. See {Shive}, and cf. {Skever}.]
1. One of the small pieces, or splinters, into which a
brittle thing is broken by sudden violence; -- generally
used in the plural. ``All to shivers dashed.'' --Milton.
2. A thin slice; a shive. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] ``A shiver of
their own loaf.'' --Fuller.
Of your soft bread, not but a shiver. --Chaucer.
3. (Geol.) A variety of blue slate.
4. (Naut.) A sheave or small wheel in a pulley.
5. A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a window
shutter.
6. A spindle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shiver \Shiv"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shivered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Shivering}.] [OE. schiveren, scheveren; cf. OD.
scheveren. See {Shiver} a fragment.]
To break into many small pieces, or splinters; to shatter; to
dash to pieces by a blow; as, to shiver a glass goblet.
All the ground With shivered armor strown. --Milton.
Shiver \Shiv"er\, v. i.
To separate suddenly into many small pieces or parts; to be
shattered.
There shiver shafts upon shields thick. --Chaucer
The natural world, should gravity once cease, . . .
would instantly shiver into millions of atoms.
--Woodward.
Shiver \Shiv"er\, v. i. [OE. chiveren, cheveren; of uncertain
origin. This word seems to have been confused with shiver to
shatter.]
To tremble; to vibrate; to quiver; to shake, as from cold or
fear.
Prometheus is laid On icy Caucasus to shiver. --Swift.
The man that shivered on the brink of sin, Thus steeled
and hardened, ventures boldly in. --Creech.
Shiver \Shiv"er\, v. t. (Naut.)
To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to
the wind.
Shiver \Shiv"er\, n.
The act of shivering or trembling.
Shiveringly \Shiv"er*ing*ly\, adv.
In a shivering manner.
Shiver-spar \Shiv"er-spar`\, n. [Cf. G. schiefer-spath.] (Min.)
A variety of calcite, so called from its slaty structure; --
called also {slate spar}.
Shivery \Shiv"er*y\, a.
1. Tremulous; shivering. --Mallet.
2. Easily broken; brittle; shattery.
Shoad \Shoad\, n. [Cf. G. schutt rubbish.] (Mining)
A train of vein material mixed with rubbish; fragments of ore
which have become separated by the action of water or the
weather, and serve to direct in the discovery of mines.
[Written also {shode}.]
Shoading \Shoad"ing\, n. (Mining)
The tracing of veins of metal by shoads. [Written also
{shoding}.] --Pryce.
Shoal \Shoal\, n. [AS. scolu, sceolu, a company, multitude,
crowd, akin to OS. skola; probably originally, a division,
and akin to Icel. skilja to part, divide. See {Skill}, and
cf. {School}. of fishes.]
A great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; -- said
especially of fish; as, a shoal of bass. ``Great shoals of
people.'' --Bacon.
Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides. --Waller.
Shoal \Shoal\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shoaled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shoaling}.]
To assemble in a multitude; to throng; as, the fishes shoaled
about the place. --Chapman.
Shoal \Shoal\, a. [Cf. {Shallow}; or cf. G. scholle a clod,
glebe, OHG. scollo, scolla, prob. akin to E. shoal a
multitude.]
Having little depth; shallow; as, shoal water.
Shoal \Shoal\, n.
1. A place where the water of a sea, lake, river, pond, etc.,
is shallow; a shallow.
The depth of your pond should be six feet; and on
the sides some shoals for the fish to lay their
span. --Mortimer.
Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory, And
sounded all the depths and shoals of honor. --Shak.
2. A sandbank or bar which makes the water shoal.
The god himself with ready trident stands, And opes
the deep, and spreads the moving sands, Then heaves
them off the shoals. --Dryden.
Shoal \Shoal\, v. i.
To become shallow; as, the color of the water shows where it
shoals.
Shoal \Shoal\, v. t.
To cause to become more shallow; to come to a more shallow
part of; as, a ship shoals her water by advancing into that
which is less deep. --Marryat.
Shoaliness \Shoal"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being shoaly; little depth of water;
shallowness.
Shoaling \Shoal"ing\, a.
Becoming shallow gradually. ``A shoaling estuary.'' --Lyell.
Shoaly \Shoal"y\, a.
Full of shoals, or shallow places.
The tossing vessel sailed on shoaly ground. --Dryden.
Shoar \Shoar\ (sh[=o]r), n.
A prop. See 3d {Shore}.
Shoat \Shoat\ (sh[=o]t), n.
A young hog. Same as {Shote}.
Shock \Shock\, n. [OE. schokke; cf. OD schocke, G. schock a
heap, quantity, threescore, MHG. schoc, Sw. skok, and also G.
hocke a heap of hay, Lith. kugis.]
1. A pile or assemblage of sheaves of grain, as wheat, rye,
or the like, set up in a field, the sheaves varying in
number from twelve to sixteen; a stook.
And cause it on shocks to be by and by set.
--Tusser.
Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks.
--Thomson.
2. [G. schock.] (Com.) A lot consisting of sixty pieces; -- a
term applied in some Baltic ports to loose goods.
Shock \Shock\, v. t.
To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook; as,
to shock rye.
Shock \Shock\, v. i.
To be occupied with making shocks.
Reap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn,
Bind fast, shock apace. --Tusser.
Shock \Shock\, n. [Cf. D. schok a bounce, jolt, or leap, OHG.
scoc a swing, MHG. schoc, Icel. skykkjun tremuously, F. choc
a shock, collision, a dashing or striking against, Sp.
choque, It. ciocco a log. [root]161. Cf. {Shock} to shake.]
1. A quivering or shaking which is the effect of a blow,
collision, or violent impulse; a blow, impact, or
collision; a concussion; a sudden violent impulse or
onset.
These strong, unshaken mounds resist the shocks Of
tides and seas tempestuous. --Blackmore.
He stood the shock of a whole host of foes.
--Addison.
2. A sudden agitation of the mind or feelings; a sensation of
pleasure or pain caused by something unexpected or
overpowering; also, a sudden agitating or overpowering
event. ``A shock of pleasure.'' --Talfourd.
3. (Med.) A sudden depression of the vital forces of the
entire body, or of a port of it, marking some profound
impression produced upon the nervous system, as by severe
injury, overpowering emotion, or the like.
4. (Elec.) The sudden convulsion or contraction of the
muscles, with the feeling of a concussion, caused by the
discharge, through the animal system, of electricity from
a charged body.
Syn: {Concussion}, {Shock}.
Usage: Both words signify a sudden violent shaking caused by
impact or colision; but concussion is restricted in
use to matter, while shock is used also of mental
states.
Shock \Shock\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shocked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shocking}.] [OE. schokken; cf. D. schokken, F. choquer, Sp.
chocar. [root]161. Cf. {Chuck} to strike, {Jog}, {Shake},
{Shock} a striking, {Shog}, n. & v.]
1. To give a shock to; to cause to shake or waver; hence, to
strike against suddenly; to encounter with violence.
Come the three corners of the world in arms, And we
shall shock them. --Shak.
I shall never forget the force with which he shocked
De Vipont. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. To strike with surprise, terror, horror, or disgust; to
cause to recoil; as, his violence shocked his associates.
Advise him not to shock a father's will. --Dryden.
Shock \Shock\, v. i.
To meet with a shock; to meet in violent encounter. ``They
saw the moment approach when the two parties would shock
together.'' --De Quincey.
Shock \Shock\, n. [Cf. {Shag}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A dog with long hair or shag; -- called also
{shockdog}.
2. A thick mass of bushy hair; as, a head covered with a
shock of sandy hair.
Shock \Shock\, a.
Bushy; shaggy; as, a shock hair.
His red shock peruke . . . was laid aside. --Sir W.
Scott.
Shockdog \Shock"dog`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See 7th {Shock}, 1.
Shock-head \Shock"-head`\, a.
Shock-headed. --Tennyson.
Shock-headed \Shock"-head`ed\, a.
Having a thick and bushy head of hair.
Shocking \Shock"ing\, a.
Causing to shake or tremble, as by a blow; especially,
causing to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive
or disgusting.
The grossest and most shocking villainies. --Secker.
-- {Shock"ing*ly}, adv. -- {Shock"ing*ness}, n.
Shod \Shod\, imp. & p. p.
f {Shoe}.
Shoddy \Shod"dy\, n. [Perhaps fr. {Shed}, v. t.; as meaning
originally, waste stuff shedor thrown off.]
1. A fibrous material obtained by ``deviling,'' or tearing
into fibers, refuse woolen goods, old stockings, rags,
druggets, etc. See {Mungo}.
2. A fabric of inferior quality made of, or containing a
large amount of, shoddy.
Note: The great quantity of shoddy goods furnished as army
supplies in the late Civil War in the United States
gave wide currency to the word, and it came to be
applied to persons who pretend to a higher position in
society than that to which their breeding or worth
entitles them.
Shoddy \Shod"dy\, a.
Made wholly or in part of shoddy; containing shoddy; as,
shoddy cloth; shoddy blankets; hence, colloquially, not
genuine; sham; pretentious; as, shoddy aristocracy.
Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a factitious
pride. --Compton
Reade.
Shoddyism \Shod"dy*ism\, n.
The quality or state of being shoddy. [Colloq.] See the Note
under {Shoddy}, n.
Shode \Shode\, n. [AS. sc[=a]de, fr. sce['a]dan. See {Shed}, v.
t.]
1. The parting of the hair on the head. [Obs.]
Full straight and even lay his jolly shode.
--Chaucer.
2. The top of the head; the head. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Shode \Shode\, Shoding \Shod"ing\ .
See {Shoad}, {Shoading}.
Shoder \Sho"der\, n.
A package of gold beater's skins in which gold is subjected
to the second process of beating.
Shoe \Shoe\, n.; pl. {Shoes}, formerly {Shoon}, now provincial.
[OE. sho, scho, AS. sc?h, sce['o]h; akin to OFries. sk?, OS.
sk?h, D. schoe, schoen, G. schuh, OHG. scuoh, Icel. sk?r,
Dan. & Sw. sko, Goth. sk?hs; of unknown origin.]
1. A covering for the human foot, usually made of leather,
having a thick and somewhat stiff sole and a lighter top.
It differs from a boot on not extending so far up the leg.
Your hose should be ungartered, . . . yourshoe
untied. --Shak.
Spare none but such as go in clouted shoon. --Shak.
2. Anything resembling a shoe in form, position, or use.
Specifically:
(a) A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal
to defend it from injury.
(b) A band of iron or steel, or a ship of wood, fastened
to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any
vehicle which slides on the snow.
(c) A drag, or sliding piece of wood or iron, placed under
the wheel of a loaded vehicle, to retard its motion in
going down a hill.
(d) The part of a railroad car brake which presses upon
the wheel to retard its motion.
(e) (Arch.) A trough-shaped or spout-shaped member, put at
the bottom of the water leader coming from the eaves
gutter, so as to throw the water off from the
building.
(f) (Milling.) The trough or spout for conveying the grain
from the hopper to the eye of the millstone.
(g) An inclined trough in an ore-crushing mill.
(h) An iron socket or plate to take the thrust of a strut
or rafter.
(i) An iron socket to protect the point of a wooden pile.
(j) (Mach.) A plate, or notched piece, interposed between
a moving part and the stationary part on which it
bears, to take the wear and afford means of
adjustment; -- called also {slipper}, and {gib}.
Note: Shoe is often used adjectively, or in composition; as,
shoe buckle, or shoe-buckle; shoe latchet, or
shoe-latchet; shoe leathet, or shoe-leather; shoe
string, shoe-string, or shoestring.
{Shoe of an anchor}. (Naut.)
(a) A small block of wood, convex on the back, with a hole
to receive the point of the anchor fluke, -- used to
prevent the anchor from tearing the planks of the
vessel when raised or lowered.
(b) A broad, triangular piece of plank placed upon the
fluke to give it a better hold in soft ground.
{Shoe block} (Naut.), a block with two sheaves, one above the
other, and at right angles to each other.
{Shoe bolt}, a bolt with a flaring head, for fastening shoes
on sleigh runners.
{Shoe pac}, a kind of moccasin. See {Pac}.
{Shoe stone}, a sharpening stone used by shoemakers and other
workers in leather.
Shoe \Shoe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shod}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shoeing}.] [AS. sc?ian, sce?ian. See {Shoe}, n.]
1. To furnish with a shoe or shoes; to put a shoe or shoes
on; as, to shoe a horse, a sled, an anchor.
2. To protect or ornament with something which serves the
purpose of a shoe; to tip.
The sharp and small end of the billiard stick, which
is shod with brass or silver. --Evelyn.
Shoebill \Shoe"bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large African wading bird ({Bal[ae]niceps rex}) allied to
the storks and herons, and remarkable for its enormous broad
swollen bill. It inhabits the valley of the White Nile. See
Illust. (l.) of {Beak}.
Shoeblack \Shoe"black`\, n.
One who polishes shoes.
Shoehorn \Shoe"horn`\, Shoeing-horn \Shoe"ing-horn`\, n.
1. A curved piece of polished horn, wood, or metal used to
facilitate the entrance of the foot into a shoe.
2. Figuratively:
(a) Anything by which a transaction is facilitated; a
medium; -- by way of contempt. --Spectator.
(b) Anything which draws on or allures; an inducement.
[Low] --Beau. & Fl.
Shoeless \Shoe"less\, a.
Destitute of shoes. --Addison.
Shoemaker \Shoe"mak`er\, n.
1. One whose occupation it is to make shoes and boots.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The threadfish.
(b) The runner, 12.
Shoemaking \Shoe"mak`ing\, n.
The business of a shoemaker.
Shoer \Sho"er\, n.
One who fits shoes to the feet; one who furnishes or puts on
shoes; as, a shoer of horses.
Shog \Shog\, n. [See {Shock} a striking.]
A shock; a jog; a violent concussion or impulse. [R. or
Scot.]
Shog \Shog\, v. t.
To shake; to shock. [R. or Scot.]
Shog \Shog\, v. i. [Cf. W. ysgogi to wag, to stir. Cf. {Jog}.]
To jog; to move on. [R. or Scot.] --Beau. & Fl.
Shoggle \Shog"gle\, v. t. [See {Shog}, {Joggle}.]
To joggle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --Pegge.
Shogun \Sho"gun\, n. [Chin. tsiang ki["U]n commander in chief.]
A title originally conferred by the Mikado on the military
governor of the eastern provinces of Japan. By gradual
usurpation of power the Shoguns (known to foreigners as
Tycoons) became finally the virtual rulers of Japan. The
title was abolished in 1867. [Written variously, {Shiogun},
{Shiogoon}, etc.]
Shogunate \Sho*gun"ate\, n.
The office or dignity of a Shogun. [Written also
{Siogoonate}.]
Shola \Sho"la\, n. (Bot.)
See {Sola}.
Shole \Shole\, n.
A plank fixed beneath an object, as beneath the rudder of a
vessel, to protect it from injury; a plank on the ground
under the end of a shore or the like.
Shole \Shole\, n.
See {Shoal}. [Obs.]
Shonde \Shonde\, n. [AS. sceond. Cf. {Shend}.]
Harm; disgrace; shame. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Shone \Shone\,
imp. & p. p. of {Shine}.
Shoo \Shoo\, interj. [Cf. G. scheuchen to scare, drive away.]
Begone; away; -- an expression used in frightening away
animals, especially fowls.
Shooi \Sho"oi\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The Richardson's skua ({Stercorarius parasiticus});- so
called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]
Shook \Shook\,
imp. & obs. or poet. p. p. of {Shake}.
Shook \Shook\, n. [Cf. {Shock} a bundle of sheaves.] (Com.)
(a) A set of staves and headings sufficient in number for one
hogshead, cask, barrel, or the like, trimmed, and bound
together in compact form.
(b) A set of boards for a sugar box.
(c) The parts of a piece of house furniture, as a bedstead,
packed together.
Shook \Shook\, v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
Shoon \Shoon\, n.,
pl. of {Shoe}. [Archaic] --Chaucer.
They shook the snow from hats and shoon. --Emerson.
Shoop \Shoop\, obs.
imp. of {Shape}. Shaped. --Chaucer.
Shoot \Shoot\, n. [F. chute. See {Chute}. Confused with shoot to
let fly.]
An inclined plane, either artificial or natural, down which
timber, coal, etc., are caused to slide; also, a narrow
passage, either natural or artificial, in a stream, where the
water rushes rapidly; esp., a channel, having a swift
current, connecting the ends of a bend in the stream, so as
to shorten the course. [Written also {chute}, and {shute}.]
[U. S.]
{To take a shoot}, to pass through a shoot instead of the
main channel; to take the most direct course. [U.S.]
Shoot \Shoot\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shot}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shooting}. The old participle {Shotten} is obsolete. See
{Shotten}.] [OE. shotien, schotien, AS. scotian, v. i.,
sce['o]tan; akin to D. schieten, G. schie?en, OHG. sciozan,
Icel. skj?ta, Sw. skjuta, Dan. skyde; cf. Skr. skund to jump.
[root]159. Cf. {Scot} a contribution, {Scout} to reject,
{Scud}, {Scuttle}, v. i., {Shot}, {Sheet}, {Shut}, {Shuttle},
{Skittish}, {Skittles}.]
1. To let fly, or cause to be driven, with force, as an arrow
or a bullet; -- followed by a word denoting the missile,
as an object.
If you please To shoot an arrow that self way.
--Shak.
2. To discharge, causing a missile to be driven forth; --
followed by a word denoting the weapon or instrument, as
an object; -- often with off; as, to shoot a gun.
The two ends od a bow, shot off, fly from one
another. --Boyle.
3. To strike with anything shot; to hit with a missile;
often, to kill or wound with a firearm; -- followed by a
word denoting the person or thing hit, as an object.
When Roger shot the hawk hovering over his master's
dove house. --A. Tucker.
4. To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or sudden
motion; to cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to
emit.
An honest weaver as ever shot shuttle. --Beau. & Fl.
A pit into which the dead carts had nightly shot
corpses by scores. --Macaulay.
5. To push or thrust forward; to project; to protrude; --
often with out; as, a plant shoots out a bud.
They shoot out the lip, they shake the head. --Ps.
xxii. 7.
Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting.
--Dryden.
6. (Carp.) To plane straight; to fit by planing.
Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or
else pared with a paring chisel. --Moxon.
7. To pass rapidly through, over, or under; as, to shoot a
rapid or a bridge; to shoot a sand bar.
She . . . shoots the Stygian sound. --Dryden.
8. To variegate as if by sprinkling or intermingling; to
color in spots or patches.
The tangled water courses slept, Shot over with
purple, and green, and yellow. --Tennyson.
{To be shot of}, to be discharged, cleared, or rid of.
[Colloq.] ``Are you not glad to be shot of him?'' --Sir W.
Scott.
Shoot \Shoot\, v. i.
1. To cause an engine or weapon to discharge a missile; --
said of a person or an agent; as, they shot at a target;
he shoots better than he rides.
The archers have . . . shot at him. --Gen. xlix.
23.
2. To discharge a missile; -- said of an engine or
instrument; as, the gun shoots well.
3. To be shot or propelled forcibly; -- said of a missile; to
be emitted or driven; to move or extend swiftly, as if
propelled; as, a shooting star.
There shot a streaming lamp along the sky. --Dryden.
4. To penetrate, as a missile; to dart with a piercing
sensation; as, shooting pains.
Thy words shoot through my heart. --Addison.
5. To feel a quick, darting pain; to throb in pain.
These preachers make His head to shoot and ache.
--Herbert.
6. To germinate; to bud; to sprout.
Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth. --Bacon.
But the wild olive shoots, and shades the ungrateful
plain. --Dryden.
7. To grow; to advance; as, to shoot up rapidly.
Well shot in years he seemed. --Spenser.
Delightful task! to rear the tender thought, To
teach the young idea how to shoot. --Thomson.
8. To change form suddenly; especially, to solidify.
If the menstruum be overcharged, metals will shoot
into crystals. --Bacon.
9. To protrude; to jut; to project; to extend; as, the land
shoots into a promontory.
There shot up against the dark sky, tall, gaunt,
straggling houses. --Dickens.
10. (Naut.) To move ahead by force of momentum, as a sailing
vessel when the helm is put hard alee.
{To shoot ahead}, to pass or move quickly forward; to
outstrip others.
Shoot \Shoot\, n.
1. The act of shooting; the discharge of a missile; a shot;
as, the shoot of a shuttle.
The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible shoot.
--Bacon.
One underneath his horse to get a shoot doth stalk.
--Drayton.
2. A young branch or growth.
Superfluous branches and shoots of this second
spring. --Evelyn.
3. A rush of water; a rapid.
4. (Min.) A vein of ore running in the same general direction
as the lode. --Knight.
5. (Weaving) A weft thread shot through the shed by the
shuttle; a pick.
6. [Perh. a different word.] A shoat; a young hog.
Shooter \Shoot"er\, n.
1. One who shoots, as an archer or a gunner.
2. That which shoots. Specifically:
(a) A firearm; as, a five-shooter. [Colloq. U.S.]
(b) A shooting star. [R.]
Shooting \Shoot"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, shoots; as, the
shooting of an archery club; the shooting of rays of
light.
2. A wounding or killing with a firearm; specifically
(Sporting), the killing of game; as, a week of shooting.
3. A sensation of darting pain; as, a shooting in one's head.
Shooting \Shoot"ing\, a.
Of or pertaining to shooting; for shooting; darting.
{Shooting board} (Joinery), a fixture used in planing or
shooting the edge of a board, by means of which the plane
is guided and the board held true.
{Shooting box}, a small house in the country for use in the
shooting season. --Prof. Wilson.
{Shooting gallery}, a range, usually covered, with targets
for practice with firearms.
{Shooting iron}, a firearm. [Slang, U.S.]
{Shooting star}.
(a) (Astron.) A starlike, luminous meteor, that, appearing
suddenly, darts quickly across some portion of the sky,
and then as suddenly disappears, leaving sometimes, for a
few seconds, a luminous train, -- called also {falling
star}.
Note: Shooting stars are small cosmical bodies which
encounter the earth in its annual revolution, and which
become visible by coming with planetary velocity into
the upper regions of the atmosphere. At certain
periods, as on the 13th of November and 10th of August,
they appear for a few hours in great numbers,
apparently diverging from some point in the heavens,
such displays being known as meteoric showers, or star
showers. These bodies, before encountering the earth,
were moving in orbits closely allied to the orbits of
comets. See {Leonids}, {Perseids}.
(b) (Bot.) The American cowslip ({Dodecatheon Meadia}). See
under {Cowslip}.
{Shooting stick} (Print.), a tapering piece of wood or iron,
used by printers to drive up the quoins in the chase.
--Hansard.
Shooty \Shoot"y\, a.
Sprouting or coming up freely and regularly. [Prev. Eng.]
--Grose.
Shop \Shop\, obs.
imp. of {Shape}. Shaped. --Chaucer.
Shop \Shop\, n. [OE. shoppe, schoppe, AS. sceoppa a treasury, a
storehouse, stall, booth; akin to scypen a shed, LG. schup a
shed, G. schoppen, schuppen, a shed, a coachhouse, OHG.
scopf.]
1. A building or an apartment in which goods, wares, drugs,
etc., are sold by retail.
From shop to shop Wandering, and littering with
unfolded silks The polished counter. --Cowper.
2. A building in which mechanics or artisans work; as, a shoe
shop; a car shop.
A tailor called me in his shop. --Shak.
Note: Shop is often used adjectively or in composition; as,
shop rent, or shop-rent; shop thief, or shop-thief;
shop window, or shop-window, etc.
{To smell of the shop}, to indicate too distinctively one's
occupation or profession.
{To talk shop}, to make one's business the topic of social
conversation; also, to use the phrases peculiar to one's
employment. [Colloq.]
Syn: Store; warehouse. See {Store}.
Shop \Shop\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shopped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shopping}.]
To visit shops for the purpose of purchasing goods.
He was engaged with his mother and some ladies to go
shopping. --Byron.
Shopboard \Shop"board`\, n.
A bench or board on which work is performed; a workbench.
--South.
Shopbook \Shop"book`\, n.
A book in which a tradesman keeps his accounts. --Locke.
Shopboy \Shop"boy`\, n.
A boy employed in a shop.
Shopen \Sho"pen\, obs.
p. p. of {Shape}. --Chaucer.
Shopgirl \Shop"girl`\, n.
A girl employed in a shop.
Shopkeeper \Shop"keep`er\, n.
A trader who sells goods in a shop, or by retail; -- in
distinction from one who sells by wholesale. --Addison.
Shoplifter \Shop"lift`er\, n. [Shop + lift. See {Lift} to
steal.]
One who steals anything in a shop, or takes goods privately
from a shop; one who, under pretense of buying goods, takes
occasion to steal.
Shoplifting \Shop"lift`ing\, n.
Larceny committed in a shop; the stealing of anything from a
shop.
Shoplike \Shop"like`\, a.
Suiting a shop; vulgar. --B. Jonson.
Shopmaid \Shop"maid`\, n.
A shopgirl.
Shopman \Shop"man\, n.; pl. {Shopmen}.
1. A shopkeeper; a retailer. --Dryden.
2. One who serves in a shop; a salesman.
3. One who works in a shop or a factory.
Shopper \Shop"per\, n.
One who shops.
Shoppish \Shop"pish\, a.
Having the appearance or qualities of a shopkeeper, or
shopman.
Shoppy \Shop"py\, a.
1. Abounding with shops. [Colloq.]
2. Of or pertaining to shops, or one's own shop or business;
as, shoppy talk. [Colloq.] --Mrs. Gaskell.
Shopshift \Shop"shift`\, n.
The trick of a shopkeeper; deception. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Shopwalker \Shop"walk`er\, n.
One who walks about in a shop as an overseer and director.
Cf. {Floorwalker}.
Shopwoman \Shop"wom`an\, n.; pl. {Shopwomen}.
A woman employed in a shop.
Shopworn \Shop"worn`\, a.
Somewhat worn or damaged by having been kept for a time in a
shop.
Shorage \Shor"age\, n.
Duty paid for goods brought on shore. --Grabb.
Shore \Shore\,
imp. of {Shear}. --Chaucer.
Shore \Shore\, n.
A sewer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Shore \Shore\, n. [OE. schore; akin to LG. schore, D. schoor,
OD. schoore, Icel. skor?a, and perhaps to E. shear, as being
a piece cut off.]
A prop, as a timber, placed as a brace or support against the
side of a building or other structure; a prop placed beneath
anything, as a beam, to prevent it from sinking or sagging.
[Written also {shoar}.]
Shore \Shore\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shored}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shoring}.] [OE. schoren. See {Shore} a prop.]
To support by a shore or shores; to prop; -- usually with up;
as, to shore up a building.
Shore \Shore\, n. [OE. schore, AS. score, probably fr. scieran,
and so meaning properly, that which is shorn off, edge; akin
to OD. schoore, schoor. See {Shear}, v. t.]
The coast or land adjacent to a large body of water, as an
ocean, lake, or large river.
Michael Cassio, Lieutenant to the warlike Moor Othello,
Is come shore. --Shak.
The fruitful shore of muddy Nile. --Spenser.
{In shore}, near the shore. --Marryat.
{On shore}. See under {On}.
{Shore birds} (Zo["o]l.), a collective name for the various
limicoline birds found on the seashore.
{Shore crab} (Zo["o]l.), any crab found on the beaches, or
between tides, especially any one of various species of
grapsoid crabs, as {Heterograpsus nudus} of California.
{Shore lark} (Zo["o]l.), a small American lark ({Otocoris
alpestris}) found in winter, both on the seacoast and on
the Western plains. Its upper parts are varied with dark
brown and light brown. It has a yellow throat, yellow
local streaks, a black crescent on its breast, a black
streak below each eye, and two small black erectile ear
tufts. Called also {horned lark}.
{Shore plover} (Zo["o]l.), a large-billed Australian plover
({Esacus magnirostris}). It lives on the seashore, and
feeds on crustaceans, etc.
{Shore teetan} (Zo["o]l.), the rock pipit ({Anthus
obscurus}). [Prov. Eng.]
Shore \Shore\, v. t.
To set on shore. [Obs.] --Shak.
Shoreless \Shore"less\, a.
Having no shore or coast; of indefinite or unlimited extent;
as, a shoreless ocean. --Young.
Shoreling \Shore"ling\, n.
See {Shorling}.
Shorer \Shor"er\, n.
One who, or that which, shores or props; a prop; a shore.
Shoreward \Shore"ward\, adv.
Toward the shore.
Shoring \Shor"ing\, n.
1. The act of supporting or strengthening with a prop or
shore.
2. A system of props; props, collectively.
Shorl \Shorl\, n., Shorlaceous \Shor*la"ceous\, a.(Min.)
See {Schorl}, {Schorlaceous}.
Shorling \Shor"ling\, n.
1. The skin of a sheen after the fleece is shorn off, as
distinct from the morling, or skin taken from the dead
sheep; also, a sheep of the first year's shearing. [Prov.
Eng.]
2. A person who is shorn; a shaveling; hence, in contempt, a
priest. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
Shorn \Shorn\,
p. p. of {Shear}.
Short \Short\, a. [Compar. {Shorter}; superl. {Shortest}.] [OE.
short, schort, AS. scort, sceort; akin to OHG. scurz, Icel.
skorta to be short of, to lack, and perhaps to E. shear, v.
t. Cf. {Shirt}.]
1. Not long; having brief length or linear extension; as, a
short distance; a short piece of timber; a short flight.
The bed is shorter than that a man can stretch
himself on it. --Isa. xxviii.
20.
2. Not extended in time; having very limited duration; not
protracted; as, short breath.
The life so short, the craft so long to learn.
--Chaucer.
To short absense I could yield. --Milton.
3. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty; as,
a short supply of provisions, or of water.
4. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily
furnished; lacking; not coming up to a resonable, or the
ordinary, standard; -- usually with of; as, to be short of
money.
We shall be short in our provision. --Shak.
5. Deficient; defective; imperfect; not coming up, as to a
measure or standard; as, an account which is short of the
trith.
6. Not distant in time; near at hand.
Marinell was sore offended That his departure thence
should be so short. --Spenser.
He commanded those who were appointed to attend him
to be ready by a short day. --Clarendon.
7. Limited in intellectual power or grasp; not comprehensive;
narrow; not tenacious, as memory.
Their own short understandings reach No farther than
the present. --Rowe.
8. Less important, efficaceous, or powerful; not equal or
equivalent; less (than); -- with of.
Hardly anything short of an invasion could rouse
them again to war. --Landor.
9. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; as, he gave a short
answer to the question.
10. (Cookery) Breaking or crumbling readily in the mouth;
crisp; as, short pastry.
11. (Metal) Brittle.
Note: Metals that are brittle when hot are called ?ot-short;
as, cast iron may be hot-short, owing to the presence
of sulphur. Those that are brittle when cold are called
cold-short; as, cast iron may be cold-short, on account
of the presence of phosphorus.
12. (Stock Exchange) Engaging or engaged to deliver what is
not possessed; as, short contracts; to be short of stock.
See The shorts, under {Short}, n., and To sell short,
under {Short}, adv.
Note: In mercantile transactions, a note or bill is sometimes
made payable at short sight, that is, in a little time
after being presented to the payer.
13. (Phon.) Not prolonged, or relatively less prolonged, in
utterance; -- opposed to {long}, and applied to vowels or
to syllables. In English, the long and short of the same
letter are not, in most cases, the long and short of the
same sound; thus, the i in ill is the short sound, not of
i in isle, but of ee in eel, and the e in pet is the
short sound of a in pate, etc. See {Quantity}, and Guide
to Pronunciation, [sect][sect]22, 30.
Note: Short is much used with participles to form numerous
self-explaining compounds; as, short-armed,
short-billed, short-fingered, short-haired,
short-necked, short-sleeved, short-tailed,
short-winged, short-wooled, etc.
{At short notice}, in a brief time; promptly.
{Short rib} (Anat.), one of the false ribs.
{Short suit} (Whist), any suit having only three cards, or
less than three. --R. A. Proctor.
{To come short}, {To cut short}, {To fall short}, etc. See
under {Come}, {Cut}, etc.
Short \Short\, n.
1. A summary account.
The short and the long is, our play is preferred.
--Shak.
2. pl. The part of milled grain sifted out which is next
finer than the bran.
The first remove above bran is shorts. --Halliwell.
3. pl. Short, inferior hemp.
4. pl. Breeches; shortclothes. [Slang] --Dickens.
5. (Phonetics) A short sound, syllable, or vowel.
If we compare the nearest conventional shorts and
longs in English, as in ``bit'' and ``beat,''
``not'' and ``naught,'' we find that the short
vowels are generally wide, the long narrow, besides
being generally diphthongic as well. Hence,
originally short vowels can be lengthened and yet
kept quite distinct from the original longs. --H.
Sweet.
{In short}, in few words; in brief; briefly.
{The long and the short}, the whole; a brief summing up.
{The shorts} (Stock Exchange), those who are unsupplied with
stocks which they contracted to deliver.
Short \Short\, adv.
In a short manner; briefly; limitedly; abruptly; quickly; as,
to stop short in one's course; to turn short.
He was taken up very short, and adjudged corrigible for
such presumptuous language. --Howell.
{To sell short} (Stock Exchange), to sell, for future
delivery, what the party selling does not own, but hopes
to buy at a lower rate.
Short \Short\, v. t. [AS. sceortian.]
To shorten. [Obs.]
Short \Short\, v. i.
To fail; to decrease. [Obs.]
Shortage \Short"age\, n.
Amount or extent of deficiency, as determined by some
requirement or standard; as, a shortage in money accounts.
Short-breathed \Short"-breathed`\, a.
1. Having short-breath, or quick respiration.
2. Having short life.
Shortcake \Short"cake`\, n.
An unsweetened breakfast cake shortened with butter or lard,
rolled thin, and baked.
Short circuit \Short" cir"cuit\ (Elec.)
A circuit formed or closed by a conductor of relatively low
resistance because shorter or of relatively great
conductivity.
Short-circuit \Short"-cir`cuit\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Short-circuited}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Short-circuiting}.]
(Elec.)
To join, as the electrodes of a battery or dynamo or any two
points of a circuit, by a conductor of low resistance.
Shortclothes \Short"clothes`\, n.
Coverings for the legs of men or boys, consisting of trousers
which reach only to the knees, -- worn with long stockings.
Shortcoming \Short"com`ing\, n.
The act of falling, or coming short; as:
(a) The failure of a crop, or the like.
(b) Neglect of, or failure in, performance of duty.
Short-dated \Short"-dat`ed\, a.
Having little time to run from the date. ``Thy short-dated
life.'' --Sandys.
Shorten \Short"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shortened ?}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Shortening}.] [See {Short}, a.]
1. To make short or shorter in measure, extent, or time; as,
to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of
calamity.
2. To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to
lessen; to abridge; to curtail; to contract; as, to
shorten work, an allowance of food, etc.
Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am
shortened by my chain. --Dryden.
3. To make deficient (as to); to deprive; -- with of.
Spoiled of his nose, and shortened of his ears.
--Dryden.
4. To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard,
pot liquor, or the like.
{To shorten a rope} (Naut.), to take in the slack of it.
{To shorten sail} (Naut.), to reduce sail by taking it in.
Shorten \Short"en\, v. i.
To become short or shorter; as, the day shortens in northern
latitudes from June to December; a metallic rod shortens by
cold.
Shortener \Short"en*er\, n.
One who, or that which, shortens.
Shortening \Short"en*ing\, n.
1. The act of making or becoming short or shorter.
2. (Cookery) That which renders pastry short or friable, as
butter, lard, etc.
Shorthand \Short"hand`\, n.
A compendious and rapid method or writing by substituting
characters, abbreviations, or symbols, for letters, words,
etc.; short writing; stenography. See Illust. under
{Phonography}.
Short-handed \Short`-hand"ed\, a.
Short of, or lacking the regular number of, servants or
helpers.
Shorthead \Short"head`\, n.
A sucking whale less than one year old; -- so called by
sailors.
Shorthorn \Short"horn`\, a.
One of a breed of large, heavy domestic cattle having short
horns. The breed was developed in England.
Short-jointed \Short"-joint`ed\, a.
Having short intervals between the joints; -- said of a plant
or an animal, especially of a horse whose pastern is too
short.
Short-lived \Short"-lived`\, a.
Not living or lasting long; being of short continuance; as, a
short-lived race of beings; short-lived pleasure; short-lived
passion.
Shortly \Short"ly\, adv. [AS. sceortlice.]
1. In a short or brief time or manner; soon; quickly.
--Chaucer.
I shall grow jealous of you shortly. --Shak.
The armies came shortly in view of each other.
--Clarendon.
2. In few words; briefly; abruptly; curtly; as, to express
ideas more shortly in verse than in prose.
Shortness \Short"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being short; want of reach or
extension; brevity; deficiency; as, the shortness of a
journey; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness
of an essay; the shortness of the memory; a shortness of
provisions; shortness of breath.
Shortsighted \Short"sight`ed\, a.
1. Not able to see far; nearsighted; myopic. See {Myopic},
and {Myopia}.
2. Fig.: Not able to look far into futurity; unable to
understand things deep; of limited intellect.
3. Having little regard for the future; heedless. --
{Short"sight`ed*ly}, adv. -- {Short"sight`ed*ness}, n.
Cunning is a kind of shortsightedness. --Addison.
Short-spoken \Short"-spo`ken\, a.
Speaking in a quick or short manner; hence, gruff; curt.
[Colloq.]
Shortstop \Short"stop`\, n. (Baseball)
The player stationed in the field bewtween the second and
third bases.
Short-waisted \Short"-waist`ed\, a.
Having a short waist.
Short-winded \Short"-wind`ed\, a.
Affected with shortness of breath; having a quick, difficult
respiration, as dyspnoic and asthmatic persons. --May.
Shortwing \Short"wing`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of small wrenlike Asiatic birds
having short wings and a short tail. They belong to
Brachypterix, Callene, and allied genera.
Short-wited \Short"-wit`ed\, a.
Having little wit; not wise; having scanty intellect or
judgment.
Shory \Shor"y\, a.
Lying near the shore. [Obs.]
Shoshones \Sho*sho"nes\, n. pl.; sing. {Shoshone}. (Ethnol.)
A linguistic family or stock of North American Indians,
comprising many tribes, which extends from Montana and Idaho
into Mexico. In a restricted sense the name is applied
especially to the Snakes, the most northern of the tribes.
Shot \Shot\,
imp. & p. p. of {Shoot}.
Shot \Shot\, a.
Woven in such a way as to produce an effect of variegation,
of changeable tints, or of being figured; as, shot silks. See
{Shoot}, v. t., 8.
Shot \Shot\, n. [AS. scot, sceot, fr. sce['o]tan to shoot; akin
to D. sschot, Icel. skot. [root]159. See {Scot} a share,
{Shoot}, v. t., and cf. {Shot} a shooting.]
A share or proportion; a reckoning; a scot.
Here no shots are where all shares be. --Chapman.
A man is never . . . welcome to a place till some
certain shot be paid and the hostess say ``Welcome.''
--Shak.
Shot \Shot\, n.; pl. {Shot}or {Shots}. [OE. shot, schot, AS.
gesceot a missile; akin to D. schot a shot, shoot, G. schuss,
geschoss a missile, Icel. skot a throwing, a javelin, and E.
shoot, v.t. [root]159. See {Shoot}, and cf. {Shot} a share.]
1. The act of shooting; discharge of a firearm or other
weapon which throws a missile.
He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be
made at the king's army. --Clarendon.
2. A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet;
specifically, whatever is discharged as a projectile from
firearms or cannon by the force of an explosive.
Note: Shot used in war is of various kinds, classified
according to the material of which it is composed, into
lead, wrought-iron, and cast-iron; according to form,
into spherical and oblong; according to structure and
modes of operation, into solid, hollow, and case. See
{Bar shot}, {Chain shot}, etc., under {Bar}, {Chain},
etc.
3. Small globular masses of lead, of various sizes, -- used
chiefly for killing game; as, bird shot; buckshot.
4. The flight of a missile, or the distance which it is, or
can be, thrown; as, the vessel was distant more than a
cannon shot.
5. A marksman; one who practices shooting; as, an exellent
shot.
{Shot belt}, a belt having a pouch or compartment for
carrying shot.
{Shot cartridge}, a cartridge containing powder and small
shot, forming a charge for a shotgun.
{Shot garland} (Naut.), a wooden frame to contain shot,
secured to the coamings and ledges round the hatchways of
a ship.
{Shot gauge}, an instrument for measuring the diameter of
round shot. --Totten.
{shot hole}, a hole made by a shot or bullet discharged.
{Shot locker} (Naut.), a strongly framed compartment in the
hold of a vessel, for containing shot.
{Shot of a cable} (Naut.), the splicing of two or more cables
together, or the whole length of the cables thus united.
{Shot prop} (Naut.), a wooden prop covered with tarred hemp,
to stop a hole made by the shot of an enemy in a ship's
side.
{Shot tower}, a lofty tower for making shot, by dropping from
its summit melted lead in slender streams. The lead forms
spherical drops which cool in the descent, and are
received in water or other liquid.
{Shot window}, a window projecting from the wall. Ritson,
quoted by Halliwell, explains it as a window that opens
and shuts; and Wodrow describes it as a window of shutters
made of timber and a few inches of glass above them.
Shot \Shot\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shotted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shotting}.]
To load with shot, as a gun. --Totten.
Shot-clog \Shot"-clog`\, n.
A person tolerated only because he pays the shot, or
reckoning, for the rest of the company, otherwise a mere clog
on them. [Old Slang]
Thou common shot-clog, gull of all companies.
--Chapman.
Shote \Shote\, n. [AS. sce['o]ta a darting fish, a trout, fr.
sce['o]tan. See {Shoot}, v. t.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A fish resembling the trout. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] --Garew.
2. [Perh. a different word.] A young hog; a shoat.
Shot-free \Shot"-free`\, a.
Not to be injured by shot; shot-proof. [Obs.] --Feltham.
Shot-free \Shot"-free`\, a.
Free from charge or expense; hence, unpunished; scot-free.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Shotgun \Shot"gun`\, n.
A light, smooth-bored gun, often double-barreled, especially
designed for firing small shot at short range, and killing
small game.
Shot-proof \Shot"-proof`\, a.
Impenetrable by shot.
Shots \Shots\, n. pl.
The refuse of cattle taken from a drove. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Shotted \Shot"ted\, a.
1. Loaded with shot.
2. (Med.) Having a shot attached; as, a shotten suture.
Shotten \Shot"ten\, n. [Properly p. p. of shoot; AS. scoten,
sceoten, p. p. of sce['o]tan.]
1. Having ejected the spawn; as, a shotten herring. --Shak.
2. Shot out of its socket; dislocated, as a bone.
Shough \Shough\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A shockdog.
Shough \Shough\, interj.
See {Shoo}. --Beau. & Fl.
Should \Should\, imp. of {Shall}. [OE. sholde, shulde, scholde,
schulde, AS. scolde, sceolde. See {Shall}.]
Used as an auxiliary verb, to express a conditional or
contingent act or state, or as a supposition of an actual
fact; also, to express moral obligation (see {Shall}); e. g.:
they should have come last week; if I should go; I should
think you could go. ``You have done that you should be sorry
for.'' --Shak.
Syn: See {Ought}.
Shoulder \Shoul"der\, n. [OE. shulder, shuldre, schutder, AS.
sculdor; akin to D. schoulder, G. schulter, OHG. scultarra,
Dan. skulder, Sw. skuldra.]
1. (Anat.) The joint, or the region of the joint, by which
the fore limb is connected with the body or with the
shoulder girdle; the projection formed by the bones and
muscles about that joint.
2. The flesh and muscles connected with the shoulder joint;
the upper part of the back; that part of the human frame
on which it is most easy to carry a heavy burden; -- often
used in the plural.
Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders
bore The gates of Azza. --Milton.
Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair.
--Dryden.
3. Fig.: That which supports or sustains; support.
In thy shoulder do I build my seat. --Shak.
4. That which resembles a human shoulder, as any protuberance
or projection from the body of a thing.
The north western shoulder of the mountain. --Sir W.
Scott.
5. The upper joint of the fore leg and adjacent parts of an
animal, dressed for market; as, a shoulder of mutton.
6. (Fort.) The angle of a bastion included between the face
and flank. See Illust. of {Bastion}.
7. An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on an object,
or limits motion, etc., as the projection around a tenon
at the end of a piece of timber, the part of the top of a
type which projects beyond the base of the raised
character, etc.
{Shoulder belt}, a belt that passes across the shoulder.
{Shoulder blade} (Anat.), the flat bone of the shoulder, to
which the humerus is articulated; the scapula.
{Shoulder block} (Naut.), a block with a projection, or
shoulder, near the upper end, so that it can rest against
a spar without jamming the rope.
{Shoulder clapper}, one who claps another on the shoulder, or
who uses great familiarity. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Shoulder girdle}. (Anat.) See {Pectoral girdle}, under
{Pectoral}.
{Shoulder knot}, an ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on
the shoulder; a kind of epaulet or braided ornament worn
as part of a military uniform.
{Shoulder-of-mutton sail} (Naut.), a triangular sail carried
on a boat's mast; -- so called from its shape.
{Shoulder slip}, dislocation of the shoulder, or of the
humerous. --Swift.
{Shoulder strap}, a strap worn on or over the shoulder.
Specifically (Mil. & Naval), a narrow strap worn on the
shoulder of a commissioned officer, indicating, by a
suitable device, the rank he holds in the service. See
Illust. in App.
Shoulder \Shoul"der\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shouldered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Shouldering}.]
1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with
violence; to jostle.
As they the earth would shoulder from her seat.
--Spenser.
Around her numberless the rabble flowed, Shouldering
each other, crowding for a view. --Rowe.
2. To take upon the shoulder or shoulders; as, to shoulder a
basket; hence, to assume the burden or responsibility of;
as, to shoulder blame; to shoulder a debt.
As if Hercules Or burly Atlas shouldered up their
state. --Marston.
{Right shoulder arms} (Mil.), a position in the Manual of
Arms which the piece is placed on the right shoulder, with
the lock plate up, and the muzzle elevated and inclined to
the left, and held as in the illustration.
Shouldered \Shoul"dered\, a.
Having shoulders; -- used in composition; as, a
broad-shouldered man. ``He was short-shouldered.'' --Chaucer.
Shoulder-shotten \Shoul"der-shot`ten\, a.
Sprained in the shoulder, as a horse. --Shak.
Shout \Shout\ (shout), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shouted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Shouting}.] [OE. shouten, of unknown origin; perhaps
akin to shoot; cf. Icel. sk[=u]ta, sk[=u]ti, a taunt.]
To utter a sudden and loud outcry, as in joy, triumph, or
exultation, or to attract attention, to animate soldiers,
etc.
Shouting of the men and women eke. --Chaucer.
They shouted thrice: what was the last cry for? --Shak.
{To shout at}, to utter shouts at; to deride or revile with
shouts.
Shout \Shout\, v. t.
1. To utter with a shout; to cry; -- sometimes with out; as,
to shout, or to shout out, a man's name.
2. To treat with shouts or clamor. --Bp. Hall.
Shout \Shout\, n.
A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden
outcry, especially of a multitudes expressing joy, triumph,
exultation, or animated courage.
The Rhodians, seeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a
great shout in derision. --Knolles.
Shouter \Shout"er\, n.
One who shouts.
Shove \Shove\ (sh[u^]v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shoved}
(sh[u^]vd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Shoving}.] [OE. shoven, AS.
scofian, fr. sc[=u]fan; akin to OFries. sk[=u]va, D.
schuiven, G. schieben, OHG. scioban, Icel. sk[=u]fa,
sk[=y]fa, Sw. skuffa, Dan. skuffe, Goth. afskiuban to put
away, cast away; cf. Skr. kshubh to become agitated, to
quake, Lith. skubrus quick, skubinti to hasten. [root]160.
Cf. {Sheaf} a bundle of stalks, {Scoop}, {Scuffle}.]
1. To drive along by the direct and continuous application of
strength; to push; especially, to push (a body) so as to
make it move along the surface of another body; as, to
shove a boat on the water; to shove a table across the
floor.
2. To push along, aside, or away, in a careless or rude
manner; to jostle.
And shove away the worthy bidden guest. --Milton.
He used to shove and elbow his fellow servants.
--Arbuthnot.
Shove \Shove\, v. i.
1. To push or drive forward; to move onward by pushing or
jostling.
2. To move off or along by an act pushing, as with an oar a
pole used by one in a boat; sometimes with off.
He grasped the oar, eceived his guests on board, and
shoved from shore. --Garth.
Shove \Shove\, n.
The act of shoving; a forcible push.
I rested . . . and then gave the boat another shove.
--Swift.
Syn: See {Thrust}.
Shove \Shove\, obs.
p. p. of {Shove}. --Chaucer.
Shoveboard \Shove"board`\, Shovegroat \Shove"groat`\, n.
The same as {Shovelboard}.
Shovel \Shov"el\, n. [OE. shovele, schovele, AS. scoft, sceoft;
akin to D. schoffel, G. schaufel, OHG. sc?vala, Dan. skovl,
Sw. skofvel, skyffel, and to E. shove. [root]160. See
{Shove}, v. t.]
An implement consisting of a broad scoop, or more or less
hollow blade, with a handle, used for lifting and throwing
earth, coal, grain, or other loose substances.
{Shovel hat}, a broad-brimmed hat, turned up at the sides,
and projecting in front like a shovel, -- worn by some
clergy of the English Church. [Colloq.]
{Shovelspur} (Zo["o]l.), a flat, horny process on the tarsus
of some toads, -- used in burrowing.
{Steam shovel}, a machine with a scoop or scoops, operated by
a steam engine, for excavating earth, as in making railway
cuttings.
Shovel \Shov"el\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shoveled}or {Shovelled};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Shoveling} or {Shovelling}.]
1. To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth
into a heap, or into a cart, or out of a pit.
2. To gather up as with a shovel.
Shovelard \Shov"el*ard\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Shoveler. [Prov. Eng.]
Shovelbill \Shov"el*bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The shoveler.
Shovelboard \Shov"el*board`\, n.
1. A board on which a game is played, by pushing or driving
pieces of metal or money to reach certain marks; also, the
game itself. Called also {shuffleboard}, {shoveboard},
{shovegroat}, {shovelpenny}.
2. A game played on board ship in which the aim is to shove
or drive with a cue wooden disks into divisions chalked on
the deck; -- called also {shuffleboard}.
Shoveler \Shov"el*er\, n. [Also shoveller.]
1. One who, or that which, shovels.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A river duck ({Spatula clypeata}), native of
Europe and America. It has a large bill, broadest towards
the tip. The male is handsomely variegated with green,
blue, brown, black, and white on the body; the head and
neck are dark green. Called also {broadbill}, {spoonbill},
{shovelbill}, and {maiden duck}. The Australian shoveler,
or shovel-nosed duck ({S. rhynchotis}), is a similar
species.
Shovelful \Shov"el*ful\, n.; pl. {Shovelfuls}.
As much as a shovel will hold; enough to fill a shovel.
Shovelhead \Shov"el*head`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A shark ({Sphryna tiburio}) allied to the hammerhead, and
native of the warmer parts of the Atlantic and Pacific
oceans; -- called also {bonnet shark}.
Shovelnose \Shov"el*nose`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The common sand shark. See under {Snad}.
(b) A small California shark ({Heptranchias maculatus}),
which is taken for its oil.
(c) A Pacific Ocean shark ({Hexanchus corinus}).
(d) A ganoid fish of the Sturgeon family ({Scaphirhynchus
platyrhynchus}) of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers; --
called also {white sturgeon}.
Shovel-nosed \Shov"el-nosed`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a broad, flat nose; as, the shovel-nosed duck, or
shoveler.
Shoven \Shov"en\, obs.
p. p. of {Shove}. --Chaucer.
Show \Show\, v. t. [imp. {Showed}; p. p. {Shown}or {Showed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Showing}. It is sometimes written {shew},
{shewed}, {shewn}, {shewing}.] [OE. schowen, shewen, schewen,
shawen, AS. sce['a]wian, to look, see, view; akin to OS.
scaw?n, OFries. skawia, D. schouwen, OHG. scouw?n, G.
schauen, Dan. skue, Sw. sk?da, Icel. sko?a, Goth. usskawjan
to waken, skuggwa a mirror, Icel. skuggy shade, shadow, L.
cavere to be on one's guard, Gr. ??? to mark, perceive, hear,
Skr. kavi wise. Cf. {Caution}, {Scavenger}, {Sheen}.]
1. To exhibit or present to view; to place in sight; to
display; -- the thing exhibited being the object, and
often with an indirect object denoting the person or thing
seeing or beholding; as, to show a house; show your
colors; shopkeepers show customers goods (show goods to
customers).
Go thy way, shew thyself to the priest. --Matt.
viii. 4.
Nor want we skill or art from whence to raise
Magnificence; and what can heaven show more?
--Milton.
2. To exhibit to the mental view; to tell; to disclose; to
reveal; to make known; as, to show one's designs.
Shew them the way wherein they must walk. --Ex.
xviii. 20.
If it please my father to do thee evil, then I will
shew it thee, and send thee away. --1 Sam. xx.
13.
3. Specifically, to make known the way to (a person); hence,
to direct; to guide; to asher; to conduct; as, to show a
person into a parlor; to show one to the door.
4. To make apparent or clear, as by evidence, testimony, or
reasoning; to prove; to explain; also, to manifest; to
evince; as, to show the truth of a statement; to show the
causes of an event.
I 'll show my duty by my timely care. --Dryden.
5. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to show favor.
Shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me.
--Ex. xx. 6.
{To show forth}, to manifest; to publish; to proclaim.
{To show his paces}, to exhibit the gait, speed, or the like;
-- said especially of a horse.
{To show off}, to exhibit ostentatiously.
{To show up}, to expose. [Colloq.]
Show \Show\, v. i. [Written also shew.]
1. To exhibit or manifest one's self or itself; to appear; to
look; to be in appearance; to seem.
Just such she shows before a rising storm. --Dryden.
All round a hedge upshoots, and shows At distance
like a little wood. --Tennyson.
2. To have a certain appearance, as well or ill, fit or
unfit; to become or suit; to appear.
My lord of York, it better showed with you. --Shak.
{To show off}, to make a show; to display one's self.
Show \Show\, n. [Formerly written also shew.]
1. The act of showing, or bringing to view; exposure to
sight; exhibition.
2. That which os shown, or brought to view; that which is
arranged to be seen; a spectacle; an exhibition; as, a
traveling show; a cattle show.
As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such shows.
--Bacon.
3. Proud or ostentatious display; parade; pomp.
I envy none their pageantry and show. --Young.
4. Semblance; likeness; appearance.
He through the midst unmarked, In show plebeian
angel militant Of lowest order, passed. --Milton.
5. False semblance; deceitful appearance; pretense.
Beware of the scribes, . . . which devour widows'
houses, and for a shew make long prayers. --Luke xx.
46. 47.
6. (Med.) A discharge, from the vagina, of mucus streaked
with blood, occuring a short time before labor.
7. (Mining) A pale blue flame, at the top of a candle flame,
indicating the presence of fire damp. --Raymond.
{Show bill}, a broad sheet containing an advertisement in
large letters.
{Show box}, a box xontaining some object of curiosity carried
round as a show.
{Show card}, an advertising placard; also, a card for
displaying samples.
{Show case}, a gla?ed case, box, or cabinet for displaying
and protecting shopkeepers' wares, articles on exhibition
in museums, etc.
{Show glass}, a glass which displays objects; a mirror.
{Show of hands}, a raising of hands to indicate judgment; as,
the vote was taken by a show of hands.
{Show stone}, a piece of glass or crystal supposed to have
the property of exhibiting images of persons or things not
present, indicating in that way future events.
Showbread \Show"bread`\, n. (Jewish Antiq.)
Bread of exhibition; loaves to set before God; -- the term
used in translating the various phrases used in the Hebrew
and Greek to designate the loaves of bread which the priest
of the week placed before the Lord on the golden table in the
sanctuary. They were made of fine flour unleavened, and were
changed every Sabbath. The loaves, twelve in number,
represented the twelve tribes of Israel. They were to be
eaten by the priests only, and in the Holy Place. [Written
also {shewbread}.] --Mark ii. 26.
Shower \Show"er\, n.
1. One who shows or exhibits.
2. That which shows; a mirror. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Shower \Show"er\, n. [OE. shour, schour, AS. se?r; akin to D.
schoer, G. schauer, OHG. sc?r, Icel. sk?r, Sw. skur, Goth.
sk?ra windis a storm of wind; of uncertain origin.]
1. A fall or rain or hail of short duration; sometimes, but
rarely, a like fall of snow.
In drought or else showers. --Chaucer.
Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers.
--Milton.
2. That which resembles a shower in falling or passing
through the air copiously and rapidly.
With showers of stones he drives them far away.
--Pope.
3. A copious supply bestowed. [R.]
He and myself Have travail'd in the great shower of
your gifts. --Shak.
{Shower bath}, a bath in which water is showered from above,
and sometimes from the sides also.
Shower \Show"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Showered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Showering}.]
1. To water with a shower; to ??t copiously with rain.
Lest it again dissolve and shower the earth.
--Milton.
2. To bestow liberally; to destribute or scatter in ?undance;
to rain. --Shak.
C?sar's favor, That showers down greatness on his
friends. --Addison.
Shower \Show"er\, v. i.
To rain in showers; to fall, as in a hower or showers.
--Shak.
Showerful \Show"er*ful\, a.
Full of showers. --Tennyson.
Showeriness \Show"er*i*ness\, n.
Quality of being showery.
Showerless \Show"er*less\, a.
Rainless; freo from showers.
Showery \Show"er*y\, a.
1. Raining in showers; abounding with frequent showers of
rain.
2. Of or pertaining to a shower or showers. ``Colors of the
showery arch.'' --Milton.
Showily \Show"i*ly\, adv.
In a showy manner; pompously; with parade.
Showiness \Show"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being showy; pompousness; great
parade; ostentation.
Showing \Show"ing\, n.
1. Appearance; display; exhibition.
2. Presentation of facts; statement. --J. S. Mill.
Showish \Show"ish\, a.
Showy; ostentatious. --Swift.
Showman \Show"man\, n.; pl. {Showmen}.
One who exhibits a show; a proprietor of a show.
Shown \Shown\,
p. p. of {Show}.
Showroom \Show"room`\, n.
A room or apartment where a show is exhibited.
2. A room where merchandise is exposed for sale, or where
samples are displayed.
Showy \Show"y\, a. [Compar. {Showier}; superl. {Showiest}.]
Making a show; attracting attention; presenting a marked
appearance; ostentatious; gay; gaudy.
A present of everything that was rich and showy.
--Addison.
Syn: Splendid; gay; gaudy; gorgeous; fine; magnificent;
grand; stately; sumptuous; pompous.
Shrag \Shrag\, n. [CF. {Scrag}.]
A twig of a tree cut off. [Obs.]
Shrag \Shrag\, v. t.
To trim, as trees; to lop. [Obs.]
Shragger \Shrag"ger\, n.
One who lops; one who trims trees. [Obs.] --Huloet.
Shram \Shram\, v. t. [Cf. Shrink.]
To cause to shrink or shrivel with cold; to benumb. [Prov.
Eng.]
Shrank \Shrank\,
imp. of {Shrink}.
Shrap \Shrap\, Shrape \Shrape\, n. [Cf. {Scrap}, and {Scrape}.]
A place baited with chaff to entice birds. [Written also
{scrap}.] [Obs.] --Bp. Bedell.
Shrapnel \Shrap"nel\, a.
Applied as an appellation to a kind of shell invented by Gen.
H. Shrapnel of the British army. -- n. A shrapnel shell;
shrapnel shells, collectively.
{Shrapnel shell} (Gunnery), a projectile for a cannon,
consisting of a shell filled with bullets and a small
bursting charge to scatter them at any given point while
in flight. See the Note under {Case shot}.
Shred \Shred\, n. [OE. shrede, schrede, AS. scre['a]de; akin to
OD. schroode, G. schrot a piece cut off, Icel. skrjo[eth]r a
shred, and to E. shroud. Cf. {Screed}, {Scroll}, {Scrutiny}.]
1. A long, narrow piece cut or torn off; a strip. ``Shreds of
tanned leather.'' --Bacon.
2. In general, a fragment; a piece; a particle. --Shak.
Shred \Shred\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shred} or {Shredded}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Shredding}.] [OE. shreden, schreden, AS.
scre['a]dian; akin to OD. schrooden, OHG. scr?tan, G.
schroten. See {Shred}, n.]
1. To cut or tear into small pieces, particularly narrow and
long pieces, as of cloth or leather. --Chaucer.
2. To lop; to prune; to trim. [Obs.]
Shredcook \Shred"cook`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The fieldfare; -- so called from its harsh cry before rain.
[Prov. Eng.]
Shredding \Shred"ding\, n.
1. The act of cutting or tearing into shreds.
2. That which is cut or torn off; a piece. --Hooker.
Shreddy \Shred"dy\, a.
Consisting of shreds.
Shredless \Shred"less\, a.
Having no shreds; without a shred.
And those which waved are shredless dust ere now.
--Byron.
Shrew \Shrew\, a. [OE. shrewe, schrewe. Cf. {Shrewd}.]
Wicked; malicious. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Shrew \Shrew\, n. [See {Shrew}, a.]
1. Originally, a brawling, turbulent, vexatious person of
either sex, but now restricted in use to females; a
brawler; a scold.
A man . . . grudgeth that shrews [i. e., bad men]
have prosperity, or else that good men have
adversity. --Chaucer.
A man had got a shrew to his wife, and there could
be no quiet in the house for her. --L'Estrange.
2. [AS. scre['a]wa; -- so called because supposed to be
venomous. ] (Zo["o]l.) Any small insectivore of the genus
{Sorex} and several allied genera of the family
{Sorecid[ae]}. In form and color they resemble mice, but
they have a longer and more pointed nose. Some of them are
the smallest of all mammals.
Note: The common European species are the house shrew
({Crocidura araneus}), and the erd shrew ({Sorex
vulgaris}) (see under {Erd}.). In the United States
several species of {Sorex} and {Blarina} are common, as
the broadnosed shrew ({S. platyrhinus}), Cooper's shrew
({S. Cooperi}), and the short-tailed, or mole, shrew
({Blarina brevicauda}). Th American water, or marsh,
shrew ({Neosorex palustris}), with fringed feet, is
less common. The common European water shrews are
{Crossopus fodiens}, and the oared shrew (see under
{Oared}).
{Earth shrew}, any shrewlike burrowing animal of the family
{Centetid[ae]}, as the tendrac.
{Elephant shrew}, {Jumping shrew}, {Mole shrew}. See under
{Elephant}, {Jumping}, etc.
{Musk shrew}. See {Desman}.
{River shrew}, an aquatic West African insectivore
({Potamogale velox}) resembling a weasel in form and size,
but having a large flattened and crested tail adapted for
rapid swimming. It feeds on fishes.
{Shrew mole}, a common large North American mole ({Scalops
aquaticus}). Its fine, soft fur is gray with iridescent
purple tints.
Shrew \Shrew\, v. t. [See {Shrew}, a., and cf. {Beshrew}.]
To beshrew; to curse. [Obs.] ``I shrew myself.'' --Chaucer.
Shrewd \Shrewd\, a. [Compar. {Shrewder}; superl. {Shrewdest}.]
[Originally the p. p. of shrew, v.t.]
1. Inclining to shrew; disposing to curse or scold; hence,
vicious; malicious; evil; wicked; mischievous; vexatious;
rough; unfair; shrewish. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[Egypt] hath many shrewd havens, because of the
great rocks that ben strong and dangerous to pass
by. --Sir J.
Mandeville.
Every of this happy number That have endured shrewd
days and nights with us. --Shak.
2. Artful; wily; cunning; arch.
These women are shrewd tempters with their tongues.
--Shak.
3. Able or clever in practical affairs; sharp in business;
astute; sharp-witted; sagacious; keen; as, a shrewd
observer; a shrewd design; a shrewd reply.
Professing to despise the ill opinion of mankind
creates a shrewd suspicion that we have deserved it.
--Secker.
Syn: Keen; critical; subtle; artful; astute; sagacious;
discerning; acute; penetrating.
Usage: {Shrewd}, {Sagacious}. One who is shrewd is keen to
detect errors, to penetrate disguises, to foresee and
guard against the selfishness of others. Shrewd is a
word of less dignity than sagacious, which implies a
comprehensive as well as penetrating mind, whereas
shrewd does not. -- {Shrewd"ly}, adv. --
{Shrewd"ness}, n.
Shrewish \Shrew"ish\, a.
having the qualities of a shrew; having a scolding
disposition; froward; peevish.
My wife is shrewish when I keep not hours. --Shak.
-- {Shrew"ish*ly}, adv. -- {Shrew"ish*ness}, n.
Shrewmouse \Shrew"mouse`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A shrew; especially, the erd shrew.
Shriek \Shriek\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shrieked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shrieking}.] [OE. shriken, originallythe same word as E.
screech. See {Screech}, and cf. {Screak}.]
To utter a loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry, as do some birds
and beasts; to scream, as in a sudden fright, in horror or
anguish.
It was the owl that shrieked. --Shak.
At this she shrieked aloud; the mournful train Echoed
her grief. --Dryden.
Shriek \Shriek\, v. t.
To utter sharply and shrilly; to utter in or with a shriek or
shrieks.
On top whereof aye dwelt the ghostly owl, Shrieking his
baleful note. --Spenser.
She shrieked his name To the dark woods. --Moore.
Shriek \Shriek\, n.
A sharp, shrill outcry or scream; a shrill wild cry such as
is caused by sudden or extreme terror, pain, or the like.
Shrieks, clamors, murmurs, fill the frighted town.
--Dryden.
{Shriek owl}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The screech owl.
(b) The swift; -- so called from its cry.
Shrieker \Shriek"er\, n.
One who utters a shriek.
Shrieval \Shriev"al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a sheriff.
Shrievalty \Shriev"al*ty\, n. [Contr. from sheriffalty. See
{Shrieve}, n. {Sheriff}.]
The office, or sphere of jurisdiction, of a sheriff;
sheriffalty.
It was ordained by 28 Edward I that the people shall
have election of sheriff in every shire where the
shrievalty is not of inheritance. --Blackstone.
Shrieve \Shrieve\, n. [Contr. from OE. shereve. See {Sheriff}.]
A sheriff. [Obs.] --Shak.
Shrieve \Shrieve\, v. t.
To shrive; to question. [Obs.] ``She gan him soft to
shrieve.'' --Spenser.
Shrift \Shrift\, n. [OE. shrift, schrift, AS. scrift, fr.
scr[=i]fan to shrive. See {Shrive}.]
1. The act of shriving.
In shrift and preaching is my diligence. --Chaucer.
2. Confession made to a priest, and the absolution consequent
upon it. --Chaucer.
Have you got leave to go to shrift to-day? --Shak.
Therefore, my lord, address you to your shrift, And
be yourself; for you must die this instant. --Rowe.
{Shrift father}, a priest to whom confession is made.
Shright \Shright\, obs.
imp. & p. p. of {Shriek}.
She cried alway and shright. --Chaucer.
Shright \Shright\, n. [See {Shriek}.]
A shriek; shrieking. [Obs] --Spenser. ``All hoarse for
shright.'' --Chaucer.
Shrike \Shrike\, n. [Akin to Icel. skr[=i]kja a shrieker, the
shrike, and E. shriek; cf. AS. scr[=i]c a thrush. See
{Shriek}, v. i.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of oscinine birds of the family
{Laniid[ae]}, having a strong hooked bill, toothed at the
tip. Most shrikes are insectivorous, but the common European
gray shrike ({Lanius excubitor}), the great northern shrike
({L. borealis}), and several others, kill mice, small birds,
etc., and often impale them on thorns, and are, on that
account called also {butcher birds}. See under {Butcher}.
Note: The ant shrikes, or bush shrikes, are clamatorial birds
of the family {Formicarid[ae]}. The cuckoo shrikes of
the East Indies and Australia are Oscines of the family
{Campephagid[ae]}. The drongo shrikes of the same
regions belong to the related family {Dicrurid[ae]}.
See {Drongo}.
{Crow shrike}. See under {Crow}.
{Shrike thrush}.
(a) Any one of several species of Asiatic timaline birds of
the genera {Thamnocataphus}, {Gampsorhynchus}, and
allies.
(b) Any one of several species of shrikelike Australian
singing birds of the genus {Colluricincla}.
{Shrike tit}.
(a) Any one of several Australian birds of the genus
{Falcunculus}, having a strong toothed bill and sharp
claws. They creep over the bark of trees, like titmice,
in search of insects.
(b) Any one of several species of small Asiatic birds
belonging to {Allotrius}, {Pteruthius}, {Cutia},
{Leioptila}, and allied genera, related to the true tits.
Called also {hill tit}.
{Swallow shrike}. See under {Swallow}.
Shrill \Shrill\, a. [Compar. {Shriller}; superl. {Shrillest}.]
[OE. shril, schril; akin to LG. schrell, G. schrill. See
{Shrill},v. i.]
Acute; sharp; piercing; having or emitting a sharp, piercing
tone or sound; -- said of a sound, or of that which produces
a sound.
Hear the shrill whistle which doth order give To sounds
confused. --Shak.
Let winds be shrill, let waves roll high. --Byron.
Shrill \Shrill\, n.
A shrill sound. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Shrill \Shrill\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shrilled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shrilling}.] [OE. schrillen, akin to G. schrillen; cf. AS.
scralletan to resound loudly, Icel. skr["o]lta to jolt, Sw.
skr["a]lla to shrill, Norw. skryla, skr?la. Cf. {Skirl}.]
To utter an acute, piercing sound; to sound with a sharp,
shrill tone; to become shrill.
Break we our pipes, that shrilledloud as lark.
--Spenser.
No sounds were heard but of the shrilling cock.
--Goldsmith.
His voice shrilled with passion. --L. Wallace.
Shrill \Shrill\, v. t.
To utter or express in a shrill tone; to cause to make a
shrill sound.
How poor Andromache shrills her dolors forth. --Shak.
Shrill-gorged \Shrill"-gorged`\, a.
Having a throat which produces a shrill note. [R.] --Shak.
Shrillness \Shrill"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being shrill.
Shrill-tongued \Shrill"-tongued`\, a.
Having a shrill voice. ``When shrill-tongued Fulvia scolds.''
--Shak.
Shrilly \Shril"ly\, adv.
In a shrill manner; acutely; with a sharp sound or voice.
Shrilly \Shril"ly\, a.
Somewhat shrill. [Poetic] --Sir W. Scott.
Some kept up a shrilly mellow sound. --Keats.
Shrimp \Shrimp\, v. t. [Cf. AS. scrimman to dry up, wither, MHG.
schrimpfen to shrink, G. schrumpfen, Dan. skrumpe, skrumpes,
Da. & Sw. skrumpen shriveled. Cf. {Scrimp}, {Shrink},
{Shrivel}.]
To contract; to shrink. [Obs.]
Shrimp \Shrimp\, n. [OE. shrimp; -- probably so named from its
shriveled appearance. See {Shrimp}, v.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of macruran Crustacea
belonging to {Crangon} and various allied genera,
having a slender body and long legs. Many of them are
used as food. The larger kinds are called also
{prawns}. See Illust. of {Decapoda}.
(b) In a more general sense, any species of the macruran
tribe {Caridea}, or any species of the order
Schizopoda, having a similar form.
(c) In a loose sense, any small crustacean, including some
amphipods and even certain entomostracans; as, the
fairy shrimp, and brine shrimp. See under {Fairy}, and
{Brine}.
2. Figuratively, a little wrinkled man; a dwarf; -- in
contempt.
This weak and writhled shrimp. --Shak.
{Opossum shrimp}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Opossum}.
{Spector shrimp}, or {Skeleton shrimp} (Zo["o]l.), any
slender amphipod crustacean of the genus {Caprella} and
allied genera. See Illust. under {L[ae]modopoda}.
{Shrimp catcher} (Zo["o]l.), the little tern ({Sterna
minuta}).
{Shrimp net}, a dredge net fixed upon a pole, or a sweep net
dragged over the fishing ground.
Shrimper \Shrimp"er\, n.
One who fishes for shrimps.
Shrine \Shrine\ (shr[imac]n), n. [OE. schrin, AS. scr[=i]n, from
L. scrinium a case, chest, box.]
1. A case, box, or receptacle, especially one in which are
deposited sacred relics, as the bones of a saint.
2. Any sacred place, as an altar, tromb, or the like.
Too weak the sacred shrine guard. --Byron.
3. A place or object hallowed from its history or
associations; as, a shrine of art.
Shrine \Shrine\, v. t.
To enshrine; to place reverently, as in a shrine. ``Shrined
in his sanctuary.'' --Milton.
Shrink \Shrink\, v. i. [imp. {Shrank}or {Shrunk}p. p. {Shrunk}
or {Shrunken}, but the latter is now seldom used except as a
participial adjective; p. pr. & vb. n. {Shrinking}.] [OE.
shrinken, schrinken, AS. scrincan; akin to OD. schrincken,
and probably to Sw. skrynka a wrinkle, skrynkla to wrinkle,
to rumple, and E. shrimp, n. & v., scrimp. CF. {Shrimp}.]
1. To wrinkle, bend, or curl; to shrivel; hence, to contract
into a less extent or compass; to gather together; to
become compacted.
And on a broken reed he still did stay His feeble
steps, which shrunk when hard thereon he lay.
--Spenser.
I have not found that water, by mixture of ashes,
will shrink or draw into less room. --Bacon.
Against this fire do I shrink up. --Shak.
And shrink like parchment in consuming fire.
--Dryden.
All the boards did shrink. --Coleridge.
2. To withdraw or retire, as from danger; to decline action
from fear; to recoil, as in fear, horror, or distress.
What happier natures shrink at with affright, The
hard inhabitant contends is right. --Pope.
They assisted us against the Thebans when you shrank
from the task. --Jowett
(Thucyd.)
3. To express fear, horror, or pain by contracting the body,
or part of it; to shudder; to quake. [R.] --Shak.
Shrink \Shrink\, v. t.
1. To cause to contract or shrink; as, to shrink finnel by
imersing it in boiling water.
2. To draw back; to withdraw. [Obs.]
The Libyc Hammon shrinks his horn. --Milton.
{To shrink on} (Mach.), to fix (one piece or part) firmly
around (another) by natural contraction in cooling, as a
tire on a wheel, or a hoop upon a cannon, which is made
slightly smaller than the part it is to fit, and expanded
by heat till it can be slipped into place.
Shrink \Shrink\, n.
The act shrinking; shrinkage; contraction; also, recoil;
withdrawal.
Yet almost wish, with sudden shrink, That I had less to
praise. --Leigh Hunt.
Shrinkage \Shrink"age\, n.
1. The act of shrinking; a contraction into less bulk or
measurement.
2. The amount of such contraction; the bulk or dimension lost
by shrinking, as of grain, castings, etc.
3. Decrease in value; depreciation. [Colloq.]
Shrinker \Shrink"er\, n.
One who shrinks; one who withdraws from danger.
Shrinking \Shrink"ing\,
a. & n. from {Shrink}.
{Shrinking head} (Founding), a body of molten metal connected
with a mold for the purpose of supplying metal to
compensate for the shrinkage of the casting; -- called
also {sinking head}, and {riser}.
Shrinkingly \Shrink"ing*ly\, adv.
In a shrinking manner.
Shrivalty \Shriv"al*ty\, n.
Shrievalty. --Johnson.
Shrive \Shrive\, v. t. [imp. {Shrived}or {Shrove}; p. p.
{Shriven}or {Shrived}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Shriving}.] [OE.
shriven, schriven, AS. scr[=i]van to shrive, to impose
penance or punishment; akin to OFries. skr[=i]va to impose
punishment; cf. OS. biskr[=i]ban to be troubled. Cf.
{Shrift}, {Shrovetide}.]
1. To hear or receive the confession of; to administer
confession and absolution to; -- said of a priest as the
agent.
That they should shrive their parishioners. --Piers
Plowman.
Doubtless he shrives this woman, . . . Else ne'er
could he so long protract his speech. --Shak.
Till my guilty soul be shriven. --Longfellow.
2. To confess, and receive absolution; -- used reflexively.
Get you to the church and shrive yourself. --Beau. &
Fl.
Shrive \Shrive\, v. i.
To receive confessions, as a priest; to administer confession
and absolution. --Spenser.
Shrivel \Shriv"el\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shriveled}or
{Shrivelled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Shriveling} or {Shrivelling}.]
[Probably akin to shrimp, shrink; cf. dial. AS. screpa to
pine away, Norw. skrypa to waste, skryp, skryv, transitory,
frail, Sw. skr["o]pling feeble, Dan. skr["o]belig, Icel.
skrj?pr brittle, frail.]
To draw, or be drawn, into wrinkles; to shrink, and form
corrugations; as, a leaf shriveles in the hot sun; the skin
shrivels with age; -- often with up.
Shrivel \Shriv"el\, v. t.
To cause to shrivel or contract; to cause to shrink onto
corruptions.
Shriven \Shriv"en\,
p. p. of {Shrive}.
Shriver \Shriv"er\, n.
One who shrives; a confessor.
Shriving \Shriv"ing\, n.
Shrift; confession. --Spenser.
Shroff \Shroff\, n. [Ar. sarr[=a]f.]
A banker, or changer of money. [East Indies]
Shroffage \Shroff"age\, n.
The examination of coins, and the separation of the good from
the debased. [East Indies]
Shrood \Shrood\, v. t. [Cf. {Shroud}.] [Written also {shroud},
and {shrowd}.]
To trim; to lop. [Prov. Eng.]
Shroud \Shroud\ (shroud), n. [OE. shroud, shrud, schrud, AS.
scr[=u]d a garment, clothing; akin to Icel. skru[eth] the
shrouds of a ship, furniture of a church, a kind of stuff,
Sw. skrud dress, attire, and E. shred. See {Shred}, and cf.
{Shrood}.]
1. That which clothes, covers, conceals, or protects; a
garment. --Piers Plowman.
Swaddled, as new born, in sable shrouds. --Sandys.
2. Especially, the dress for the dead; a winding sheet. ``A
dead man in his shroud.'' --Shak.
3. That which covers or shelters like a shroud.
Jura answers through her misty shroud. --Byron.
4. A covered place used as a retreat or shelter, as a cave or
den; also, a vault or crypt. [Obs.]
The shroud to which he won His fair-eyed oxen.
--Chapman.
A vault, or shroud, as under a church. --Withals.
5. The branching top of a tree; foliage. [R.]
The Assyrian wad a cedar in Lebanon, with fair
branches and with a shadowing shroad. --Ezek. xxxi.
3.
6. pl. (Naut.) A set of ropes serving as stays to support the
masts. The lower shrouds are secured to the sides of
vessels by heavy iron bolts and are passed around the head
of the lower masts.
7. (Mach.) One of the two annular plates at the periphery of
a water wheel, which form the sides of the buckets; a
shroud plate.
{Bowsprit shrouds} (Naut.), ropes extending from the head of
the bowsprit to the sides of the vessel.
{Futtock shrouds} (Naut.), iron rods connecting the topmast
rigging with the lower rigging, passing over the edge of
the top.
{Shroud plate}.
(a) (Naut.) An iron plate extending from the dead-eyes to
the ship's side. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
(b) (Mach.) A shroud. See def. 7, above.
Shroud \Shroud\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shrouded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shrouding}.] [Cf. AS. scr?dan. See {Shroud}, n.]
1. To cover with a shroud; especially, to inclose in a
winding sheet; to dress for the grave.
The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrouded in a
number of folds of linen besmeared with gums.
--Bacon.
2. To cover, as with a shroud; to protect completely; to
cover so as to conceal; to hide; to veil.
One of these trees, with all his young ones, may
shroud four hundred horsemen. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Some tempest rise, And blow out all the stars that
light the skies, To shroud my shame. --Dryden.
Shroud \Shroud\, v. i.
To take shelter or harbor. [Obs.]
If your stray attendance be yet lodged, Or shroud
within these limits. --Milton.
Shroud \Shroud\, v. t.
To lop. See {Shrood}. [Prov. Eng.]
Shrouded \Shroud"ed\, a.
Provided with a shroud or shrouds.
{Shrouded gear} (Mach.), a cogwheel or pinion having flanges
which form closed ends to the spaces between the teeth and
thus strengthen the teeth by tying them together.
Shrouding \Shroud"ing\, n.
The shrouds. See {Shroud}, n., 7.
Shroud-laid \Shroud"-laid`\, a.
Composed of four strands, and laid right-handed with a heart,
or center; -- said of rope. See Illust. under {Cordage}.
Shroudless \Shroud"less\, a.
Without a shroud.
Shroudy \Shroud"y\, a.
Affording shelter. [R.] --Milton.
Shrove \Shrove\,
imp. of {Shrive}.
{Shrove Sunday}, Quinguagesima Sunday.
{Shrove Tuesday}, the Tuesday following Quinguagesima Sunday,
and preceding the first day of Lent, or Ash Wednesday.
Note: It was formerly customary in England, on this day, for
the people to confess their sins to their parish
priests, after which they dined on pancakes, or
fritters, and the occasion became one of merriment. The
bell rung on this day is popularly called Pancake Bell,
and the day itself Pancake Tuesday. --P. Cyc.
Shrove \Shrove\, v. i.
To join in the festivities of Shrovetide; hence, to make
merry. [Obs.] --J. Fletcher.
Shrovetide \Shrove"tide`\, n. [From shrive to take a confession
(OE. imp. shrof, AS. scr[=a]f) + tide.]
The days immediately preceding Ash Widnesday, especially the
period between the evening before Quinguagesima Sunday and
the morning of Ash Wednesday.
Shroving \Shrov"ing\, n.
The festivity of Shrovetide. [Obs.]
Shrow \Shrow\, n.
A shrew. [Obs.] --Shak.
Shrowd \Shrowd\, v. t.
See {Shrood}. [Prov. Eng.]
Shrub \Shrub\, n. [Ar. shirb, shurb, a drink, beverage, fr.
shariba to drink. Cf. {Sirup}, {Sherbet}.]
A liquor composed of vegetable acid, especially lemon juice,
and sugar, with spirit to preserve it.
Shrub \Shrub\, n. [OE. schrob, AS. scrob, scrobb; akin to Norw.
skrubba the dwarf cornel tree.] (Bot.)
A woody plant of less size than a tree, and usually with
several stems from the same root.
Shrub \Shrub\, v. t.
To lop; to prune. [Obs.] --Anderson (1573).
Shrubbery \Shrub"ber*y\, n.; pl. {Shrubberies}.
1. A collection of shrubs.
2. A place where shrubs are planted. --Macaulay.
Shrubbiness \Shrub"bi*ness\, n.
Quality of being shrubby.
Shrubby \Shrub"by\, a. [Compar. {Shrubbier}; superl.
{Shrubbiest}.]
1. Full of shrubs.
2. Of the nature of a shrub; resembling a shrub. ``Shrubby
browse.'' --J. Philips.
Shrubless \Shrub"less\, a.
having no shrubs. --Byron.
Shruff \Shruff\, n. [Cf. {Scruff}, {Scurf}.]
Rubbish. Specifically:
(a) Dross or refuse of metals. [Obs.]
(b) Light, dry wood, or stuff used for fuel. [Prov. Eng.]
Shrug \Shrug\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shrugged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shrugging}.] [Probably akin to shrink, p. p. shrunk; cf.
Dan. skrugge, skrukke, to stoop, dial. Sw. skrukka, skruga,
to crouch.]
To draw up or contract (the shoulders), especially by way of
expressing dislike, dread, doubt, or the like.
He shrugs his shoulders when you talk of securities.
--Addison.
Shrug \Shrug\, v. i.
To raise or draw up the shoulders, as in expressing dislike,
dread, doubt, or the like.
They grin, they shrug. They bow, they snarl, they
snatch, they hug. --Swift.
Shrug \Shrug\, n.
A drawing up of the shoulders, -- a motion usually expressing
dislike, dread, or doubt.
The Spaniards talk in dialogues Of heads and shoulders,
nods and shrugs. --Hudibras.
Shrunken \Shrunk"en\,
p. p. & a. from {Shrink}.
Shuck \Shuck\, n.
A shock of grain. [Prev.Eng.]
Shuck \Shuck\, n. [Perhaps akin to G. shote a husk, pod, shell.]
1. A shell, husk, or pod; especially, the outer covering of
such nuts as the hickory nut, butternut, peanut, and
chestnut.
2. The shell of an oyster or clam. [U. S.]
Shuck \Shuck\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shucked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shucking}.]
To deprive of the shucks or husks; as, to shuck walnuts,
Indian corn, oysters, etc.
Shucker \Shuck"er\, n.
One who shucks oysters or clams
Shudder \Shud"der\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shuddered};p. pr. & vb.
n. {Shuddering}.] [OE. shoderen, schuderen; akin to LG.
schuddern, D. schudden to shake, OS. skuddian, G. schaudern
to shudder, sch["u]tteln to shake, sch["u]tten to pour, to
shed, OHG. scutten, scuten, to shake.]
To tremble or shake with fear, horrer, or aversion; to shiver
with cold; to quake. ``With shuddering horror pale.''
--Milton.
The shuddering tennant of the frigid zone. --Goldsmith.
Shudder \Shud"der\, n.
The act of shuddering, as with fear. --Shak.
Shudderingly \Shud"der*ing*ly\, adv.
In a shuddering manner.
Shude \Shude\, n.
The husks and other refuse of rice mills, used to adulterate
oil cake, or linseed cake.
Shuffle \Shuf"fle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shuffled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Shuffling}.] [Originally the same word as scuffle, and
properly a freq. of shove. See {Shove}, and {Scuffle}.]
1. To shove one way and the other; to push from one to
another; as, to shuffle money from hand to hand.
2. To mix by pushing or shoving; to confuse; to throw into
disorder; especially, to change the relative positions of,
as of the cards in a pack.
A man may shuffle cards or rattle dice from noon to
midnight without tracing a new idea in his mind.
--Rombler.
3. To remove or introduce by artificial confusion.
It was contrived by your enemies, and shuffled into
the papers that were seizen. --Dryden.
{To shuffe off}, to push off; to rid one's self of.
{To shuffe up}, to throw together in hastel to make up or
form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder; as, he
shuffled up a peace.
Shuffle \Shuf"fle\, v. i.
1. To change the relative position of cards in a pack; as, to
shuffle and cut.
2. To change one's position; to shift ground; to evade
questions; to resort to equivocation; to prevaricate.
I myself, . . . hiding mine honor in my necessity,
am fain to shuffle. --Shak.
3. To use arts or expedients; to make shift.
Your life, good master, Must shuffle for itself.
--Shak.
4. To move in a slovenly, dragging manner; to drag or scrape
the feet in walking or dancing.
The aged creature came Shuffling along with
ivory-headed wand. --Keats.
Syn: To equivicate; prevaricate; quibble; cavil; shift;
sophisticate; juggle.
Shuffle \Shuf"fle\, n.
1. The act of shuffling; a mixing confusedly; a slovenly,
dragging motion.
The unguided agitation and rude shuffles of matter.
--Bentley.
2. A trick; an artifice; an evasion.
The gifts of nature are beyond all shame and
shuffles. --L'Estrange.
Shuffleboard \Shuf"fle*board`\, n.
See {Shovelboard}.
Shufflecap \Shuf"fle*cap`\, n.
A play performed by shaking money in a hat or cap. [R.]
--Arbuthnot.
Shuffler \Shuf"fler\, n.
1. One who shuffles.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Either one of the three common American scaup
ducks. See Scaup duck, under {Scaup}.
Shufflewing \Shuf"fle*wing`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The hedg sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]
Shuffling \Shuf"fling\, a.
1. Moving with a dragging, scraping step. ``A shuffling
nag.'' --Shak.
2. Evasive; as, a shuffling excuse. --T. Burnet.
Shuffling \Shuf"fling\, v.
In a shuffling manner.
Shug \Shug\, v. i. [Cf. {Shrug}.]
1. To writhe the body so as to produce friction against one's
clothes, as do those who have the itch. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
2. Hence, to crawl; to sneak. [Obs.]
There I 'll shug in and get a noble countenance.
--Ford.
Shumac \Shu"mac\, n. (Bot.)
Sumac.
Shun \Shun\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shunned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shunning}.] [OE. shunien, schunien, schonien, AS. scunian,
sceonian; cf. D. schuinen to slepe, schuin oblique, sloping,
Icel. skunda, skynda, to hasten. Cf. {Schooner}, {Scoundrel},
{Shunt}.]
To avoid; to keep clear of; to get out of the way of; to
escape from; to eschew; as, to shun rocks, shoals, vice.
I am pure from the blood of all men. For I have not
shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God.
--Acts xx.
26,27.
Scarcity and want shall shun you. --Shak.
Syn: See {Avoid}.
Shunless \Shun"less\, a.
Not to be shunned; inevitable; unavoidable. [R.] ``Shunless
destiny.'' --Shak.
Shunt \Shunt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shunted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shunting}.] [Prov. E., to move from, to put off, fr. OE.
shunten, schunten, schounten; cf. D. schuinte a slant, slope,
Icel. skunda to hasten. Cf. {Shun}.]
1. To shun; to move from. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. To cause to move suddenly; to give a sudden start to; to
shove. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Ash.
3. To turn off to one side; especially, to turn off, as a
grain or a car upon a side track; to switch off; to shift.
For shunting your late partner on to me. --T.
Hughes.
4. (Elec.) To provide with a shunt; as, to shunt a
galvanometer.
Shunt \Shunt\, v. i.
To go aside; to turn off.
Shunt \Shunt\, n. [Cf. D. schuinte slant, slope, declivity. See
{Shunt}, v. t.]
1. (Railroad) A turning off to a side or short track, that
the principal track may be left free.
2. (Elec.) A conducting circuit joining two points in a
conductor, or the terminals of a galvanometer or dynamo,
so as to form a parallel or derived circuit through which
a portion of the current may pass, for the purpose of
regulating the amount passing in the main circuit.
3. (Gunnery) The shifting of the studs on a projectile from
the deep to the shallow sides of the grooves in its
discharge from a shunt gun.
{Shunt dynamo} (Elec.), a dynamo in which the field circuit
is connected with the main circuit so as to form a shunt
to the letter, thus employing a portion of the current
from the armature to maintain the field.
{Shunt gun}, a firearm having shunt rifling. See under
{Rifling}.
Shunter \Shunt"er\, n. (Railroad)
A person employed to shunt cars from one track to another.
Shut \Shut\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Shut}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shutting}.] [OE. shutten, schutten, shetten, schitten, AS.
scyttan to shut or lock up (akin to D. schutten, G.
sch["u]tzen to protect), properly, to fasten with a bolt or
bar shot across, fr. AS. sce['o]tan to shoot. [root]159. See
{Shoot}.]
1. To close so as to hinder ingress or egress; as, to shut a
door or a gate; to shut one's eyes or mouth.
2. To forbid entrance into; to prohibit; to bar; as, to shut
the ports of a country by a blockade.
Shall that be shut to man which to the beast Is
open? --Milton.
3. To preclude; to exclude; to bar out. ``Shut from every
shore.'' --Dryden.
4. To fold together; to close over, as the fingers; to close
by bringing the parts together; as, to shut the hand; to
shut a book.
{To shut in}.
(a) To inclose; to confine. ``The Lord shut him in.''
--Cen. vii. 16.
(b) To cover or intercept the view of; as, one point shuts
in another.
{To shut off}.
(a) To exclude.
(b) To prevent the passage of, as steam through a pipe, or
water through a flume, by closing a cock, valve, or
gate.
{To shut out}, to preclude from entering; to deny admission
to; to exclude; as, to shut out rain by a tight roof.
{To shut together}, to unite; to close, especially to close
by welding.
{To shut up}.
(a) To close; to make fast the entrances into; as, to shut
up a house.
(b) To obstruct. ``Dangerous rocks shut up the passage.''
--Sir W. Raleigh.
(c) To inclose; to confine; to imprison; to fasten in; as,
to shut up a prisoner.
Before faith came, we were kept under the law,
shut up unto the faith which should afterwards
be revealed. --Gal. iii.
23.
(d) To end; to terminate; to conclude.
When the scene of life is shut up, the slave
will be above his master if he has acted better.
--Collier.
(e) To unite, as two pieces of metal by welding.
(f) To cause to become silent by authority, argument, or
force.
Shut \Shut\, v. i.
To close itself; to become closed; as, the door shuts; it
shuts hard.
{To shut up}, to cease speaking. [Colloq.] --T. Hughes.
Shut \Shut\, a.
1. Closed or fastened; as, a shut door.
2. Rid; clear; free; as, to get shut of a person. [Now
dialectical or local, Eng. & U.S.] --L'Estrange.
3. (Phon.)
(a) Formed by complete closure of the mouth passage, and
with the nose passage remaining closed; stopped, as
are the mute consonants, p, t, k, b, d, and hard g.
--H. Sweet.
(b) Cut off sharply and abruptly by a following consonant
in the same syllable, as the English short vowels,
[a^], [e^], [i^], [o^], [u^], always are.
Shut \Shut\, n.
The act or time of shutting; close; as, the shut of a door.
Just then returned at shut of evening flowers.
--Milton.
2. A door or cover; a shutter. [Obs.] --Sir I. Newton.
3. The line or place where two pieces of metal are united by
welding.
{Cold shut}, the imperfection in a casting caused by the
flowing of liquid metal upon partially chilled metal;
also, the imperfect weld in a forging caused by the
inadequate heat of one surface under working.
Shute \Shute\, n.
Same as {Chute}, or {Shoot}.
Shutter \Shut"ter\, n.
1. One who shuts or closes.
2. A movable cover or screen for a window, designed to shut
out the light, to obstruct the view, or to be of some
strength as a defense; a blind.
3. A removable cover, or a gate, for closing an aperture of
any kind, as for closing the passageway for molten iron
from a ladle.
Shuttered \Shut"tered\, a.
Furnished with shutters.
Shuttle \Shut"tle\, n. [Also shittle, OE. schitel, scytyl,
schetyl; cf. OE. schitel a bolt of a door, AS. scyttes; all
from AS. sce['o]tan to shoot; akin to Dan. skyttel, skytte,
shuttle, dial. Sw. skyttel, sk["o]ttel. [root]159. See
{Shoot}, and cf. {Shittle}, {Skittles}.]
1. An instrument used in weaving for passing or shooting the
thread of the woof from one side of the cloth to the other
between the threads of the warp.
Like shuttles through the loom, so swiftly glide My
feathered hours. --Sandys.
2. The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine, which
carries the lower thread through a loop of the upper
thread, to make a lock stitch.
3. A shutter, as for a channel for molten metal. [R.]
{Shuttle box} (Weaving), a case at the end of a shuttle race,
to receive the shuttle after it has passed the thread of
the warp; also, one of a set of compartments containing
shuttles with different colored threads, which are passed
back and forth in a certain order, according to the
pattern of the cloth woven.
{Shutten race}, a sort of shelf in a loom, beneath the warp,
along which the shuttle passes; a channel or guide along
which the shuttle passes in a sewing machine.
{Shuttle shell} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
marine gastropods of the genus {Volva}, or {Radius},
having a smooth, spindle-shaped shell prolonged into a
channel at each end.
Shuttle \Shut"tle\, v. i.
To move backwards and forwards, like a shuttle.
I had to fly far and wide, shutting athwart the big
Babel, wherever his calls and pauses had to be.
--Carlyle.
Shuttlecock \Shut"tle*cock`\, n.
A cork stuck with feathers, which is to be struck by a
battledoor in play; also, the play itself.
Shuttlecock \Shut"tle*cock\, v. t.
To send or toss to and fro; to bandy; as, to shuttlecock
words. --Thackeray.
Shuttlecork \Shut"tle*cork`\, n.
See {Shuttlecock}.
Shuttlewise \Shut"tle*wise`\, adv.
Back and forth, like the movement of a shuttle.
Shwan-pan \Shwan"-pan\, n.
See {Schwan-pan}.
Shy \Shy\ (sh[imac]), a. [Compar. {Shier} (-[~e]r) or {Shyer};
superl. {Shiest} or {Shyest}.] [OE. schey, skey, sceouh, AS.
sce['o]h; akin to Dan. sky, Sw. skygg, D. schuw, MHG.
schiech, G. scheu, OHG. sciuhen to be or make timid. Cf.
{Eschew}.]
1. Easily frightened; timid; as, a shy bird.
The horses of the army . . . were no longer shy, but
would come up to my very feet without starting.
--Swift.
2. Reserved; coy; disinclined to familiar approach.
What makes you so shy, my good friend? There's
nobody loves you better than I. --Arbuthnot.
The embarrassed look of shy distress And maidenly
shamefacedness. --Wordsworth.
3. Cautious; wary; suspicious.
I am very shy of using corrosive liquors in the
preparation of medicines. --Boyle.
Princes are, by wisdom of state, somewhat shy of
thier successors. --Sir H.
Wotton.
{To fight shy}. See under {Fight}, v. i.
Shy \Shy\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Shied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Shying}.] [From {Shy}, a.]
To start suddenly aside through fright or suspicion; -- said
especially of horses.
Shy \Shy\, v. t.
To throw sidewise with a jerk; to fling; as, to shy a stone;
to shy a slipper. --T. Hughes.
Shy \Shy\, n.
1. A sudden start aside, as by a horse.
2. A side throw; a throw; a fling. --Thackeray.
If Lord Brougham gets a stone in his hand, he must,
it seems, have a shy at somebody. --Punch.
Shyly \Shy"ly\, adv.
In a shy or timid manner; not familiarly; with reserve.
[Written also {shily}.]
Shyness \Shy"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being shy. [Written also {shiness}.]
Frequency in heavenly contemplation is particularly
important to prevent a shyness bewtween God and thy
soul. --Baxter.
Syn: Bashfulness; reserve; coyness; timidity; diffidence. See
{Bashfulness}.
Shyster \Shy"ster\, n. [Perh. from G. scheisse excrement.]
A trickish knave; one who carries on any business, especially
legal business, in a mean and dishonest way. [Slang, U.S.]
Si \Si\ [It.] (Mus.)
A syllable applied, in solmization, to the note B; more
recently, to the seventh tone of any major diatonic scale. It
was added to Guido's scale by Le Maire about the end of the
17th century.
Siaga \Si*a"ga\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The ahu, or jairou.
Sialogogue \Si*al"o*gogue\, n. [Gr. si`alon saliva + ????
leading, from ??? to lead: cf. F. sialagogue.] (Med.)
An agent which promotes the flow of saliva.
Siamang \Si"a*mang`\, n. [Malay si[=a]mang.] (Zool.)
A gibbon ({Hylobates syndactylus}), native of Sumatra. It has
the second and third toes partially united by a web.
Siamese \Si`a*mese"\, a.
Of or pertaining to Siam, its native people, or their
language.
Siamese \Si`a*mese`\, n. sing. & pl.
1. A native or inhabitant of Siam; pl., the people of Siam.
2. sing. The language of the Siamese.
Sib \Sib\, n. [AS. sibb alliance, gesib a relative. [root]289.
See {Gossip}.]
A blood relation. [Obs.] --Nash.
Sib \Sib\, a.
Related by blood; akin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --Sir W.
Scott.
Your kindred is but . . . little sib to you. --Chaucer.
[He] is no fairy birn, ne sib at all To elfs, but
sprung of seed terrestrial. --Spenser.
Sibbens \Sib"bens\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Med.)
A contagious disease, endemic in Scotland, resembling the
yaws. It is marked by ulceration of the throat and nose and
by pustules and soft fungous excrescences upon the surface of
the body. In the Orkneys the name is applied to the itch.
[Written also {sivvens}.]
Siberian \Si*be"ri*an\, a. [From Siberia, Russ. Sibire.]
Of or pertaining to Siberia, a region comprising all northern
Asia and belonging to Russia; as, a Siberian winter. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of Siberia.
{Siberian crab} (Bot.), the Siberian crab apple. See {Crab
apple}, under {Crab}.
{Siberian dog} (Zo["o]l.), one of a large breed of dogs
having erect ears and the hair of the body and tail very
long. It is distinguished for endurance of fatigue when
used for the purpose of draught.
{Siberian pea tree} (Bot.), a small leguminous tree ({Cragana
arborescens}) with yellow flowers. It is a native of
Siberia.
Sibilance \Sib"i*lance\, Sibilancy \Sib"i*lan*cy\, n.
The quality or state of being sibilant; sibilation.
Milton would not have avoided them for their sibilancy,
he who wrote . . . verses that hiss like Medusa's head
in wrath. --Lowell.
Sibilant \Sib"i*lant\, a. [L. sibilans, -antis, p. pr. of
sibilare to hiss: cf. F. sibilant.]
Making a hissing sound; uttered with a hissing sound;
hissing; as, s, z, sh, and zh, are sibilant elementary
sounds. -- n. A sibiliant letter.
Sibilate \Sib"i*late\, v. t. & i.
To pronounce with a hissing sound, like that of the letter s;
to mark with a character indicating such pronunciation.
Sibilation \Sib`i*la"tion\, n. [L. sibilatio.]
Utterance with a hissing sound; also, the sound itself; a
hiss.
He, with a long, low sibilation, stared. --Tennyson.
Sibilatory \Sib"i*la*to*ry\, a.
Hissing; sibilant.
Sibilous \Sib"i*lous\, a. [L. sibilus.]
Having a hissing sound; hissing; sibilant. [R.] --Pennant.
Sibyl \Sib"yl\, n. [L. sibylla, Gr. ????.]
1. (Class. Antiq.) A woman supposed to be endowed with a
spirit of prophecy.
Note: The number of the sibyls is variously stated by
different authors; but the opinion of Varro, that there
were ten, is generally adopted. They dwelt in various
parts of Persia, Greece, and Italy.
2. A female fortune teller; a pythoness; a prophetess. ``An
old highland sibyl.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Sibylist \Sib"yl*ist\, n.
One who believes in a sibyl or the sibylline prophecies.
--Cudworth.
Sibylline \Sib"yl*line\, a. [L. sibyllinus.]
Pertaining to the sibyls; uttered, written, or composed by
sibyls; like the productions of sibyls.
{Sibylline books}.
(a) (Rom. Antiq.) Books or documents of prophecies in verse
concerning the fate of the Roman empire, said to have
been purchased by Tarquin the Proud from a sibyl.
(b) Certain Jewish and early Christian writings purporting to
have been prophetic and of sibylline origin. They date
from 100 b. c. to a. d. 500.
Sic \Sic\, a.
Such. [Scot.]
Sic \Sic\, adv. [L.]
Thus.
Note: This word is sometimes inserted in a quotation [sic],
to call attention to the fact that some remarkable or
inaccurate expression, misspelling, or the like, is
literally reproduced.
Sicamore \Sic"a*more\, n. (Bot.)
See {Sycamore}.
Sicca \Sic"ca\, n. [Ar. sikka.]
A seal; a coining die; -- used adjectively to designate the
silver currency of the Mogul emperors, or the Indian rupee of
192 grains.
{Sicca rupee}, an East Indian coin, valued nominally at about
two shillings sterling, or fifty cents.
Siccate \Sic"cate\, v. t. [L. siccatus, p. p. of siccare to dry,
fr. siecus dry.]
To dry. [R.]
Siccation \Sic*ca"tion\, n. [L. siccatio.]
The act or process of drying. [R.] --Bailey.
Siccative \Sic"ca*tive\, a. [L. siccativus.]
Drying; causing to dry. -- n. That which promotes drying.
Siccific \Sic*cif"ic\, a.[L. siccificus; siccus dry + facere to
make. See {-fy}.]
Causing dryness.
Siccity \Sic"ci*ty\, n. [L. siccitas, fr. siccus dry.]
Dryness; aridity; destitution of moisture. [Obs.]
The siccity and dryness of its flesh. --Sir T.
Browne.
Sice \Sice\, n. [F. six, fr. L. sex six. See {Six}.]
The number six at dice.
Sicer \Si"cer\, n. [L. sicera. See {Cider}.]
A strong drink; cider. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sich \Sich\, a.
Such. [Obs. or Colloq.] --Spenser.
Sicilian \Si*cil"i*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Sicily or its inhabitants.
{Sicilian vespers}, the great massacre of the French in
Sicily, in the year 1282, on the evening of Easter Monday,
at the hour of vespers.
Sicilian \Si*cil"i*an\, n.
A native or inhabitant of Sicily.
Siciliano \Si*ci`li*a"no\, n. [It., Sicilian.]
A Sicilian dance, resembling the pastorale, set to a rather
slow and graceful melody in 12-8 or 6-8 measure; also, the
music to the dance.
Sicilienne \Si`ci`lienne"\, n. [F., fem. of sicilien Sicilian.]
A kind of rich poplin.
Sick \Sick\, a. [Compar. {Sicker}; superl. {Sickest}.] [OE. sek,
sik, ill, AS. se['o]c; akin to OS. siok, seoc, OFries. siak,
D. ziek, G. siech, OHG. sioh, Icel. sj?kr, Sw. sjuk, Dan.
syg, Goth. siuks ill, siukan to be ill.]
1. Affected with disease of any kind; ill; indisposed; not in
health. See the Synonym under {Illness}.
Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever. --Mark i.
30.
Behold them that are sick with famine. --Jer. xiv.
18.
2. Affected with, or attended by, nausea; inclined to vomit;
as, sick at the stomach; a sick headache.
3. Having a strong dislike; disgusted; surfeited; -- with of;
as, to be sick of flattery.
He was not so sick of his master as of his work.
--L'Estrange.
4. Corrupted; imperfect; impaired; weakned.
So great is his antipathy against episcopacy, that,
if a seraphim himself should be a bishop, he would
either find or make some sick feathers in his wings.
--Fuller.
{Sick bay} (Naut.), an apartment in a vessel, used as the
ship's hospital.
{Sick bed}, the bed upon which a person lies sick.
{Sick berth}, an apartment for the sick in a ship of war.
{Sick headache} (Med.), a variety of headache attended with
disorder of the stomach and nausea.
{Sick list}, a list containing the names of the sick.
{Sick room}, a room in which a person lies sick, or to which
he is confined by sickness.
Note: [These terms, sick bed, sick berth, etc., are also
written both hyphened and solid.]
Syn: Diseased; ill; disordered; distempered; indisposed;
weak; ailing; feeble; morbid.
Sick \Sick\, n.
Sickness. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sick \Sick\, v. i.
To fall sick; to sicken. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sick-brained \Sick"-brained`\, a.
Disordered in the brain.
Sicken \Sick"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sickened}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sickening}.]
1. To make sick; to disease.
Raise this strength, and sicken that to death.
--Prior.
2. To make qualmish; to nauseate; to disgust; as, to sicken
the stomach.
3. To impair; to weaken. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sicken \Sick"en\, v. i.
1. To become sick; to fall into disease.
The judges that sat upon the jail, and those that
attended, sickened upon it and died. --Bacon.
2. To be filled to disgust; to be disgusted or nauseated; to
be filled with abhorrence or aversion; to be surfeited or
satiated.
Mine eyes did sicken at the sight. --Shak.
3. To become disgusting or tedious.
The toiling pleasure sickens into pain. --Goldsmith.
4. To become weak; to decay; to languish.
All pleasures sicken, and all glories sink. --Pope.
Sickening \Sick"en*ing\, a.
Causing sickness; specif., causing surfeit or disgust;
nauseating. -- {Sick"en*ing*ly}, adv.
Sicker \Sick"er\, v. i. [AS. sicerian.] (Mining)
To percolate, trickle, or ooze, as water through a crack.
[Also written {sigger}, {zigger}, and {zifhyr}.] [Prov. Eng.]
Sicker \Sick"er\, Siker \Sik"er\, a. [OE. siker; cf. OS. sikur,
LG. seker, D. zeker, Dan. sikker, OHG. sihhur, G. sicher; all
fr. L. securus. See {Secure}, {Sure}.]
Sure; certain; trusty. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --Burns.
When he is siker of his good name. --Chaucer.
Sicker \Sick"er\, Siker \Sik"er\, adv.
Surely; certainly. [Obs.]
Believe this as siker as your creed. --Chaucer.
Sicker, Willye, thou warnest well. --Spenser.
Sickerly \Sick"er*ly\, Sikerly \Sik"er*ly\, adv.
Surely; securely. [Obs.]
But sikerly, withouten any fable. --Chaucer.
Sickerness \Sick"er*ness\, Sikerness \Sik"er*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sicker, or certain. [Obs.]
--Chaucer. Spenser.
Sickish \Sick"ish\, a.
1. Somewhat sick or diseased.
2. Somewhat sickening; as, a sickish taste. -- {Sick"ish*ly},
adv. -- {Sick"ish*ness}, n.
Sickle \Sic"kle\, n. [OE. sikel, AS. sicol; akin to D. sikkel,
G. sichel, OHG. sihhila, Dan. segel, segl, L. secula, fr.
secare to cut; or perhaps from L. secula. See {Saw} a cutting
instrument.]
1. A reaping instrument consisting of a steel blade curved
into the form of a hook, and having a handle fitted on a
tang. The sickle has one side of the blade notched, so as
always to sharpen with a serrated edge. Cf. {Reaping
hook}, under {Reap}.
When corn has once felt the sickle, it has no more
benefit from the sunshine. --Shak.
2. (Astron.) A group of stars in the constellation Leo. See
Illust. of {Leo}.
{Sickle pod} (Bot.), a kind of rock cress ({Arabis
Canadensis}) having very long curved pods.
Sicklebill \Sic"kle*bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of three species of humming birds of the genus
{Eutoxeres}, native of Central and South America. They
have a long and strongly curved bill. Called also the
{sickle-billed hummer}.
(b) A curlew.
(c) A bird of the genus {Epimachus} and allied genera.
Sickled \Sic"kled\, a.
Furnished with a sickle.
Sickleman \Sic"kle*man\, n.; pl. {Sicklemen}.
One who uses a sickle; a reaper.
You sunburned sicklemen, of August weary. --Shak.
Sickler \Sic"kler\, n.
One who uses a sickle; a sickleman; a reaper.
Sickless \Sick"less\, a.
Free from sickness. [R.]
Give me long breath, young beds, and sickless ease.
--Marston.
Sicklewort \Sic"kle*wort`\, n. [AS. sicolwyrt.] (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus {Coronilla} ({C. scorpioides}); --
so named from its curved pods.
(b) The healall ({Brunella vulgaris}).
Sicklied \Sick"lied\, a.
Made sickly. See {Sickly}, v.
Sickliness \Sick"li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sickly.
Sickly \Sick"ly\, a. [Compar. {Sicklier}; superl. {Sickliest}.]
1. Somewhat sick; disposed to illness; attended with disease;
as, a sickly body.
This physic but prolongs thy sickly days. --Shak.
2. Producing, or tending to, disease; as, a sickly autumn; a
sickly climate. --Cowper.
3. Appearing as if sick; weak; languid; pale.
The moon grows sickly at the sight of day. --Dryden.
Nor torrid summer's sickly smile. --Keble.
4. Tending to produce nausea; sickening; as, a sickly smell;
sickly sentimentality.
Syn: Diseased; ailing; infirm; weakly; unhealthy; healthless;
weak; feeble; languid; faint.
Sickly \Sick"ly\, adv.
In a sick manner or condition; ill.
My people sickly [with ill will] beareth our marriage.
--Chaucer.
Sickly \Sick"ly\, v. t.
To make sick or sickly; -- with over, and probably only in
the past participle. [R.]
Sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. --Shak.
Sentiments sicklied over . . . with that cloying
heaviness into which unvaried sweetness is too apt to
subside. --Jeffrey.
Sickness \Sick"ness\, n. [AS. se['o]cness.]
1. The quality or state of being sick or diseased; illness;
sisease or malady.
I do lament the sickness of the king. --Shak.
Trust not too much your now resistless charms;
Those, age or sickness soon or late disarms. --Pope.
2. Nausea; qualmishness; as, sickness of stomach.
Syn: Illness; disease; malady. See {Illness}.
Sicle \Si"cle\, n. [F., fr. L. silcus, Heb. shegel. See
{Shekel}.]
A shekel. [Obs.]
The holy mother brought five sicles and a pair of
turtledoves to redeem the Lamb of God. --Jer. Taylor.
Sida \Si"da\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? a kind of plant.] (Bot.)
A genus of malvaceous plants common in the tropics. All the
species are mucilaginous, and some have tough ligneous fibers
which are used as a substitute for hemp and flax. --Balfour
(Cyc. of India).
Siddow \Sid"dow\, a.
Soft; pulpy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Side \Side\, n. [AS. s[=i]de; akin to D. zijde, G. seite, OHG.
s[=i]ta, Icel. s[=i]?a, Dan. side, Sw. sida; cf. AS. s[=i]d
large, spacious, Icel. s[=i]?r long, hanging.]
1. The margin, edge, verge, or border of a surface;
especially (when the thing spoken of is somewhat oblong in
shape), one of the longer edges as distinguished from the
shorter edges, called ends; a bounding line of a
geometrical figure; as, the side of a field, of a square
or triangle, of a river, of a road, etc.
3. Any outer portion of a thing considered apart from, and
yet in relation to, the rest; as, the upper side of a
sphere; also, any part or position viewed as opposite to
or contrasted with another; as, this or that side.
Looking round on every side beheld A pathless desert.
--Milton.
4.
(a) One of the halves of the body, of an animals or man,
on either side of the mesial plane; or that which
pertains to such a half; as, a side of beef; a side of
sole leather.
(b) The right or left part of the wall or trunk of the
body; as, a pain in the side.
One of the soldiers with a spear pierced his
side. --John xix.
34.
5. A slope or declivity, as of a hill, considered as opposed
to another slope over the ridge.
Along the side of yon small hill. --Milton.
6. The position of a person or party regarded as opposed to
another person or party, whether as a rival or a foe; a
body of advocates or partisans; a party; hence, the
interest or cause which one maintains against another; a
doctrine or view opposed to another.
God on our side, doubt not of victory. --Shak.
We have not always been of the . . . same side in
politics. --Landor.
Sets the passions on the side of truth. --Pope.
7. A line of descent traced through one parent as
distinguished from that traced through another.
To sit upon thy father David's throne, By mother's
side thy father. --Milton.
8. Fig.: Aspect or part regarded as contrasted with some
other; as, the bright side of poverty.
{By the side of}, close at hand; near to.
{Exterior side}. (Fort.) See {Exterior}, and Illust. of
{Ravelin}.
{Interior side} (Fort.), the line drawn from the center of
one bastion to that of the next, or the line curtain
produced to the two oblique radii in front. --H. L. Scott.
{Side by side}, close together and abreast; in company or
along with.
{To choose sides}, to select those who shall compete, as in a
game, on either side.
{To take sides}, to attach one's self to, or give assistance
to, one of two opposing sides or parties.
Side \Side\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a side, or the sides; being on the
side, or toward the side; lateral.
One mighty squadron with a side wind sped. --Dryden.
2. Hence, indirect; oblique; collateral; incidental; as, a
side issue; a side view or remark.
The law hath no side respect to their persons.
--Hooker.
3. [AS. s[=i]d. Cf {Side}, n.] Long; large; extensive. [Obs.
or Scot.] --Shak.
His gown had side sleeves down to mid leg.
--Laneham.
{Side action}, in breech-loading firearms, a mechanism for
operating the breech block, which is moved by a lever that
turns sidewise.
{Side arms}, weapons worn at the side, as sword, bayonet,
pistols, etc.
{Side ax}, an ax of which the handle is bent to one side.
{Side-bar rule} (Eng. Law.), a rule authorized by the courts
to be granted by their officers as a matter of course,
without formal application being made to them in open
court; -- so called because anciently moved for by the
attorneys at side bar, that is, informally. --Burril.
{Side box}, a box or inclosed seat on the side of a theater.
To insure a side-box station at half price.
--Cowper.
{Side chain}, one of two safety chains connecting a tender
with a locomotive, at the sides.
{Side cut}, a canal or road branching out from the main one.
[U.S.]
{Side dish}, one of the dishes subordinate to the main
course.
{Side glance}, a glance or brief look to one side.
{Side hook} (Carp.), a notched piece of wood for clamping a
board to something, as a bench.
{Side lever}, a working beam of a side-lever engine.
{Side-lever engine}, a marine steam engine having a working
beam of each side of the cylinder, near the bottom of the
engine, communicating motion to a crank that is above
them.
{Side pipe} (Steam Engine), a steam or exhaust pipe
connecting the upper and lower steam chests of the
cylinder of a beam engine.
{Side plane}, a plane in which the cutting edge of the iron
is at the side of the stock.
{Side posts} (Carp.), posts in a truss, usually placed in
pairs, each post set at the same distance from the middle
of the truss, for supporting the principal rafters,
hanging the tiebeam, etc.
{Side rod}.
(a) One of the rods which connect the piston-rod crosshead
with the side levers, in a side-lever engine.
(b) See {Parallel rod}, under {Parallel}.
{Side screw} (Firearms), one of the screws by which the lock
is secured to the side of a firearm stock.
{Side table}, a table placed either against the wall or aside
from the principal table.
{Side tool} (Mach.), a cutting tool, used in a lathe or
planer, having the cutting edge at the side instead of at
the point.
{Side wind}, a wind from one side; hence, an indirect attack,
or indirect means. --Wright.
Side \Side\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sided}; p. pr.& vb. n.
{Siding}.]
1. To lean on one side. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. To embrace the opinions of one party, or engage in its
interest, in opposition to another party; to take sides;
as, to side with the ministerial party.
All side in parties, and begin the attack. --Pope.
Side \Side\, v. t.
1. To be or stand at the side of; to be on the side toward.
[Obs.]
His blind eye that sided Paridell. --Spenser.
2. To suit; to pair; to match. [Obs.] --Clarendon.
3. (Shipbuilding) To work (a timber or rib) to a certain
thickness by trimming the sides.
4. To furnish with a siding; as, to side a house.
Sideboard \Side"board`\, n.
A piece of dining-room furniture having compartments and
shelves for keeping or displaying articles of table service.
At a stately sideboard, by the wine, That fragrant
smell diffused. --Milton.
Sidebone \Side"bone`\, n. (Far.)
A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter and at the sides of
the coronet and coffin bone of a horse. --J. H. Walsh.
Sided \Sid"ed\, a.
Having (such or so many) sides; -- used in composition; as,
one-sided; many-sided.
Sidehill \Side"hill`\, n.
The side or slope of a hill; sloping ground; a descent. [U.
S.]
Sideling \Side"ling\, adv. [OE. sideling, fr. side side. See
{Side}, and cf. {Sidelong}, {Headlong}.]
Sidelong; on the side; laterally; also, obliquely; askew.
A fellow nailed up maps . . . some sideling, and others
upside down. --Swift.
Sideling \Side"ling\, a.
Inclining to one side; directed toward one side; sloping;
inclined; as, sideling ground.
Sidelong \Side"long`\, adv. [See {Sideling}, adv.]
1. Laterally; obliquely; in the direction of the side.
2. On the side; as, to lay a thing sidelong.
Note: [See {Sideling}, adv. ] --Evelyn.
Sidelong \Side"long`\, a.
Lateral; oblique; not being directly in front; as, a sidelong
glance.
The bashful virgin's sidelong looks of love.
--Goldsmith.
Sidepiece \Side"piece`\, n. (Joinery)
The jamb, or cheek, of an opening in a wall, as of door or
window.
Sider \Sid"er\, n.
One who takes a side.
Sider \Si"der\, n.
Cider. [Obs.]
Sideral \Sid"er*al\, a. [L. sideralis. See {Sidereal}.]
1. Relating to the stars.
2. (Astrol.) Affecting unfavorably by the supposed influence
of the stars; baleful. ``Sideral blast.'' --Milton.
Siderated \Sid"er*a`ted\, a. [L. sideratus, p. p. of siderari to
be blasted by a constellation, fr. sidus, sideris, a
constellation.]
Planet-struck; blasted. [Obs.]
Sideration \Sid`er*a"tion\, n. [L. sideratio.]
The state of being siderated, or planet-struck; esp., blast
in plants; also, a sudden and apparently causeless stroke of
disease, as in apoplexy or paralysis. [Obs.] --Ray.
Sidereal \Si*de"re*al\, a. [L. sidereus, from sidus, sideris, a
constellation, a star. Cf. {Sideral}, {Consider}, {Desire}.]
1. Relating to the stars; starry; astral; as, sidereal
astronomy.
2. (Astron.) Measuring by the apparent motion of the stars;
designated, marked out, or accompanied, by a return to the
same position in respect to the stars; as, the sidereal
revolution of a planet; a sidereal day.
{Sidereal clock}, {day}, {month}, {year}. See under {Clock},
{Day}, etc.
{Sideral time}, time as reckoned by sideral days, or, taking
the sidereal day as the unit, the time elapsed since a
transit of the vernal equinox, reckoned in parts of a
sidereal day. This is, strictly, apparent sidereal time,
mean sidereal time being reckoned from the transit, not of
the true, but of the mean, equinoctial point.
Siderealize \Si*de"re*al*ize\, v. t.
To elevate to the stars, or to the region of the stars; to
etherealize.
German literature transformed, siderealized, as we see
it in Goethe, reckons Winckelmann among its initiators.
--W. Pater.
Sidereous \Si*de"re*ous\, a. [L. sidereus.]
Sidereal. [Obs.]
Siderite \Sid"er*ite\, n. [L. sideritis loadstone, Gr. ????,
????, of iron, from ???? iron.]
1. (Min.)
(a) Carbonate of iron, an important ore of iron occuring
generally in cleavable masses, but also in
rhombohedral crystals. It is of a light yellowish
brown color. Called also {sparry iron}, {spathic
iron}.
(b) A meteorite consisting solely of metallic iron.
(c) An indigo-blue variety of quartz.
(d) Formerly, magnetic iron ore, or loadstone.
2. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus {Sideritis}; ironwort.
Siderographic \Sid`er*o*graph"ic\, Siderographical
\Sid`er*o*graph"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to siderography; executed by engraved plates
of steel; as, siderographic art; siderographic impressions.
Siderographist \Sid`er*og"ra*phist\, n.
One skilled in siderography.
Siderography \Sid`er*og"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ??? iron + -graphy.]
The art or practice of steel engraving; especially, the
process, invented by Perkins, of multiplying facsimiles of an
engraved steel plate by first rolling over it, when hardened,
a soft steel cylinder, and then rolling the cylinder, when
hardened, over a soft steel plate, which thus becomes a
facsimile of the original. The process has been superseded by
electrotypy.
Siderolite \Sid"er*o*lite\, n. [Gr. ??? iron + -lite.]
A kind of meteorite. See under {Meteorite}.
Sideromancy \Sid"er*o*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ??? iron + -mancy.]
Divination by burning straws on red-hot iron, and noting the
manner of their burning. --Craig.
Sideroscope \Sid"er*o*scope\, n. [Gr. ??? iron + -scope.]
An instrument for detecting small quantities of iron in any
substance by means of a very delicate combination of magnetic
needles.
Siderosis \Sid`e*ro"sis\, n.[NL., fr. Gr. ??? iron.] (Med.)
A sort of pneumonia occuring in iron workers, produced by the
inhalation of particles of iron.
Siderostat \Sid"er*o*stat\, n. [L. sidus, sideris, a star + Gr.
??? standing, fixed, fr. ???? to place.] (Astron.)
An apparatus consisting essentially of a mirror moved by
clockwork so as to throw the rays of the sun or a star in a
fixed direction; -- a more general term for {heliostat}.
Sideroxylon \Sid`e*rox"y*lon\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? iron + ???
wood.] (Bot.)
A genus of tropical sapotaceous trees noted for their very
hard wood; ironwood.
Sidesaddle \Side"sad`dle\, n.
A saddle for women, in which the rider sits with both feet on
one side of the animal mounted.
{Sidesaddle flower} (Bot.), a plant with hollow leaves and
curiously shaped flowers; -- called also {huntsman's cup}.
See {Sarracenia}.
Sidesman \Sides"man\, n.; pl. {Sidesmen}.
1. A party man; a partisan. --Milton.
2. An assistant to the churchwarden; a questman.
Side-taking \Side"-tak`ing\, n.
A taking sides, as with a party, sect, or faction. --Bp.
Hall.
Sidewalk \Side"walk`\, n.
A walk for foot passengers at the side of a street or road; a
foot pavement. [U.S.]
Sideways \Side"ways`\, adv.
Toward the side; sidewise.
A second refraction made sideways. --Sir I.
Newton.
His beard, a good palm's length, at least, . . . Shot
sideways, like a swallow's wings. --Longfellow.
Side-wheel \Side"-wheel`\, a.
Having a paddle wheel on each side; -- said of steam vessels;
as, a side-wheel steamer.
Sidewinder \Side"wind`er\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) See Horned rattler, under {Horned}.
2. A heavy swinging blow from the side, which disables an
adversary. [Slang.]
Sidewise \Side"wise`\, adv.
On or toward one side; laterally; sideways.
I saw them mask their awful glance Sidewise meek in
gossamer lids. --Emerson.
Siding \Sid"ing\, n.
1. Attaching one's self to a party.
2. A side track, as a railroad; a turnout.
3. (Carp.) The covering of the outside wall of a frame house,
whether made of weatherboards, vertical boarding with
cleats, shingles, or the like.
4. (Shipbuilding) The thickness of a rib or timber, measured,
at right angles with its side, across the curved edge; as,
a timber having a siding of ten inches.
Sidle \Si"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sidled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sidling}.] [From {Side}.]
To go or move with one side foremost; to move sidewise; as,
to sidle through a crowd or narrow opening. --Swift.
He . . . then sidled close to the astonished girl.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Siege \Siege\, n. [OE. sege, OF. siege, F. si[`e]ge a seat, a
siege; cf. It. seggia, seggio, zedio, a seat, asseggio,
assedio, a siege, F. assi['e]ger to besiege, It. & LL.
assediare, L. obsidium a siege, besieging; all ultimately fr.
L. sedere to sit. See {Sit}, and cf. {See}, n.]
1. A seat; especially, a royal seat; a throne. [Obs.] ``Upon
the very siege of justice.'' --Shak.
A stately siege of sovereign majesty, And thereon
sat a woman gorgeous gay. --Spenser.
In our great hall there stood a vacant chair . . .
And Merlin called it ``The siege perilous.''
--Tennyson.
2. Hence, place or situation; seat. [Obs.]
Ah! traitorous eyes, come out of your shameless
siege forever. --Painter
(Palace of
Pleasure).
3. Rank; grade; station; estimation. [Obs.]
I fetch my life and being From men of royal siege.
--Shak.
4. Passage of excrements; stool; fecal matter. [Obs.]
The siege of this mooncalf. --Shak.
5. The sitting of an army around or before a fortified place
for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender;
the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, and
approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover
the besiegers from the enemy's fire. See the Note under
{Blockade}.
6. Hence, a continued attempt to gain possession.
Love stood the siege, and would not yield his
breast. --Dryden.
7. The floor of a glass-furnace.
8. A workman's bench. --Knught.
{Siege gun}, a heavy gun for siege operations.
{Siege train}, artillery adapted for attacking fortified
places.
Siege \Siege\, v. t.
To besiege; to beset. [R.]
Through all the dangers that can siege The life of man.
--Buron.
Siegework \Siege"work`\, n.
A temporary fort or parallel where siege guns are mounted.
Siemens-Martin process \Sie"mens-Mar`tin proc"ess\
See {Open-hearth process}, etc., under {Open}.
Sienite \Si"e*nite\, n. (Min.)
See {Syenite}.
Sienitic \Si`e*nit"ic\, a.
See {Syenitic}.
Sienna \Si*en"na\, n. [It. terra di Siena, fr. Siena in Italy.]
(Chem.)
Clay that is colored red or brown by the oxides of iron or
manganese, and used as a pigment. It is used either in the
raw state or burnt.
{Burnt sienna}, sienna made of a much redder color by the
action of fire.
{Raw sienna}, sienna in its natural state, of a transparent
yellowish brown color.
Siennese \Si`en*nese"\, a.
Of or pertaining to Sienna, a city of Italy.
Sierra \Si*er"ra\, n. [Sp., properly, a saw, fr. L. serra a saw.
See {Serrate}.]
A ridge of mountain and craggy rocks, with a serrated or
irregular outline; as, the Sierra Nevada.
The wild sierra overhead. --Whitter.
Siesta \Si*es"ta\, n. [Sp., probably fr. L. sessitare to sit
much or long, v. freq. of sedere, sessum, to sit. See {Sit}.]
A short sleep taken about the middle of the day, or after
dinner; a midday nap.
Sieur \Sieur\, n. [F., abbrev. from seigneur. Cf. {Monsieur},
{Seignior}.]
Sir; -- a title of respect used by the French.
Sieva \Sie"va\, n. (Bot.)
A small variety of the Lima bean ({Phaseolus lunatus}).
Sieve \Sieve\, n. [OE. sive, AS. sife; akin to D. zeef, zift,
OHG. sib, G. sieb. [root]151a. Cf. {Sift}.]
1. A utensil for separating the finer and coarser parts of a
pulverized or granulated substance from each other. It
consist of a vessel, usually shallow, with the bottom
perforated, or made of hair, wire, or the like, woven in
meshes. ``In a sieve thrown and sifted.'' --Chaucer.
2. A kind of coarse basket. --Simmonds.
{Sieve cells} (Bot.), cribriform cells. See under
{Cribriform}.
Sifac \Si"fac\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The white indris of Madagascar. It is regarded by the natives
as sacred.
Sifflement \Sif"fle*ment\, n. [F., a whistling or hissing.]
The act of whistling or hissing; a whistling sound;
sibilation. [Obs.] --A. Brewer.
Sifilet \Sif"i*let\, n. [Cf. F. siflet.] (Zo["o]l.)
The six-shafted bird of paradise. See {Paradise bird}, under
{Paradise}.
Sift \Sift\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sifted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sifting}.] [AS. siftan, from sife sieve. [root]151a. See
{Sieve}.]
1. To separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance
from the coarse; as, to sift meal or flour; to sift
powder; to sift sand or lime.
2. To separate or part as if with a sieve.
When yellow sands are sifted from below, The
glittering billows give a golden show. --Dryden.
3. To examine critically or minutely; to scrutinize.
Sifting the very utmost sentence and syllable.
--Hooker.
Opportunity I here have had To try thee, sift thee.
--Milton.
Let him but narrowly sift his ideas. --I. Taylor.
{To sift out}, to search out with care, as if by sifting.
Sifter \Sift"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, sifts.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any lamellirostral bird, as a duck or goose; --
so called because it sifts or strains its food from the
water and mud by means of the lamell? of the beak.
Sig \Sig\, n. [Akin to AS. s[=i]gan to fall. [root]151a. See
{Sink}, v. t.]
Urine. [Prov. Eng.]
Sigaultian \Si*gaul"ti*an\, a. (Surg.)
Pertaining to Sigault, a French physician. See
{Symphyseotomy}.
Sigger \Sig"ger\, v. i.
Same as {Sicker}. [Prov. Eng.]
Sigh \Sigh\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sighed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sighing}.] [OE. sighen, si?en; cf. also OE. siken, AS.
s[=i]can, and OE. sighten, si?ten, sichten, AS. siccettan;
all, perhaps, of imitative origin.]
1. To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and
immediately expel it; to make a deep single audible
respiration, especially as the result or involuntary
expression of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, or the
like.
2. Hence, to lament; to grieve.
He sighed deeply in his spirit. --Mark viii.
12.
3. To make a sound like sighing.
And the coming wind did roar more loud, And the
sails did sigh like sedge. --Coleridge.
The winter winds are wearily sighing. --Tennyson.
Note: An extraordinary pronunciation of this word as s[=i]th
is still heard in England and among the illiterate in
the United States.
Sigh \Sigh\, v. t.
1. To exhale (the breath) in sighs.
Never man sighed truer breath. --Shak.
2. To utter sighs over; to lament or mourn over.
Ages to come, and men unborn, Shall bless her name,
and sigh her fate. --Pior.
3. To express by sighs; to utter in or with sighs.
They . . . sighed forth proverbs. --Shak.
The gentle swain . . . sighs back her grief.
--Hoole.
Sigh \Sigh\, n. [OE. sigh; cf. OE. sik. See {Sigh}, v. i.]
1. A deep and prolonged audible inspiration or respiration of
air, as when fatigued or grieved; the act of sighing.
I could drive the boat with my sighs. --Shak.
2. Figuratively, a manifestation of grief; a lan?ent.
With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from
hearts contrite. --Milton.
Sigh-born \Sigh"-born`\, a.
Sorrowful; mournful. [R.] ``Sigh-born thoughts.'' --De
Quincey.
Sigher \Sigh"er\, n.
One who sighs.
Sighing \Sigh"ing\, a.
Uttering sighs; grieving; lamenting. ``Sighing millions.''
--Cowper. -- {Sigh"ing*ly}, adv.
Sight \Sight\, n. [OE. sight, si?t, siht, AS. siht, gesiht,
gesih?, gesieh?, gesyh?; akin to D. gezicht, G. sicht,
gesicht, Dan. sigte, Sw. sigt, from the root of E. see. See
{See}, v. t.]
1. The act of seeing; perception of objects by the eye; view;
as, to gain sight of land.
A cloud received him out of their sight. --Acts. i.
9.
2. The power of seeing; the faculty of vision, or of
perceiving objects by the instrumentality of the eyes.
Thy sight is young, And thou shalt read when mine
begin to dazzle. --Shak.
O loss of sight, of thee I most complain! --Milton.
3. The state of admitting unobstructed vision; visibility;
open view; region which the eye at one time surveys; space
through which the power of vision extends; as, an object
within sight.
4. A spectacle; a view; a show; something worth seeing.
Moses said, I will now turn aside and see this great
sight, why the bush is not burnt. --Ex. iii. 3.
They never saw a sight so fair. --Spenser.
5. The instrument of seeing; the eye.
Why cloud they not their sights? --Shak.
6. Inspection; examination; as, a letter intended for the
sight of only one person.
7. Mental view; opinion; judgment; as, in their sight it was
harmless. --Wake.
That which is highly esteemed among men is
abomination in the sight of God. --Luke xvi.
15.
8. A small aperture through which objects are to be seen, and
by which their direction is settled or ascertained; as,
the sight of a quadrant.
Thier eyes of fire sparking through sights of steel.
--Shak.
9. A small piece of metal, fixed or movable, on the breech,
muzzle, center, or trunnion of a gun, or on the breech and
the muzzle of a rifle, pistol, etc., by means of which the
eye is guided in aiming. --Farrow.
10. In a drawing, picture, etc., that part of the surface, as
of paper or canvas, which is within the frame or the
border or margin. In a frame or the like, the open space,
the opening.
11. A great number, quantity, or sum; as, a sight of money.
[Now colloquial]
Note: Sight in this last sense was formerly employed in the
best usage. ``A sight of lawyers.'' --Latimer.
A wonder sight of flowers. --Gower.
{At sight}, as soon as seen, or presented to sight; as, a
draft payable at sight: to read Greek at sight; to shoot a
person at sight.
{Front sight} (Firearms), the sight nearest the muzzle.
{Open sight}. (Firearms)
(a) A front sight through which the objects aimed at may
be seen, in distinction from one that hides the
object.
(b) A rear sight having an open notch instead of an
aperture.
{Peep sight}, {Rear sight}. See under {Peep}, and {Rear}.
{Sight draft}, an order, or bill of exchange, directing the
payment of money at sight.
{To take sight}, to take aim; to look for the purpose of
directing a piece of artillery, or the like.
Syn: Vision; view; show; spectacle; representation;
exhibition.
Sight \Sight\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sighted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sighting}.]
1. To get sight of; to see; as, to sight land; to sight a
wreck. --Kane.
2. To look at through a sight; to see accurately; as, to
sight an object, as a star.
3. To apply sights to; to adjust the sights of; also, to give
the proper elevation and direction to by means of a sight;
as, to sight a rifle or a cannon.
Sight \Sight\, v. i. (Mil.)
To take aim by a sight.
Sighted \Sight"ed\, a.
Having sight, or seeing, in a particular manner; -- used in
composition; as, long-sighted, short-sighted, quick-sighted,
sharp-sighted, and the like.
Sightful \Sight"ful\, a.
Easily or clearly seen; distinctly visible; perspicuous.
[Obs.] --Testament of Love.
Sightfulness \Sight"ful*ness\, n.
The state of being sightful; perspicuity. [Obs.] --Sir P.
Sidney.
Sight-hole \Sight"-hole`\, n.
A hole for looking through; a peephole. ``Stop all
sight-holes.'' --Shak.
Sighting \Sight"ing\,
a. & n. from {Sight}, v. t.
{Sighting shot}, a shot made to ascertain whether the sights
of a firearm are properly adjusted; a trial shot.
Sightless \Sight"less\, a.
1. Wanting sight; without sight; blind.
Of all who blindly creep or sightless soar. --Pope.
2. That can not be seen; invisible. [Obs.]
The sightless couriers of the air. --Shak.
3. Offensive or unpleasing to the eye; unsightly; as,
sightless stains. [R.] --Shak. -- {Sight"less*ly}, adv.-
{Sight"less*ness}, n.
Sightliness \Sight"li*ness\, n.
The state of being sightly; comeliness; conspicuousness.
Sightly \Sight"ly\, a.
1. Pleasing to the sight; comely. ``Many brave, sightly
horses.'' --L'Estrange.
2. Open to sight; conspicuous; as, a house stands in a
sightly place.
Sightproof \Sight"proof`\, a.
Undiscoverable to sight.
Hidden in their own sightproof bush. --Lowell.
Sight-seeing \Sight"-see`ing\, a.
Engaged in, or given to, seeing sights; eager for novelties
or curiosities.
Sight-seeing \Sight"-see`ing\, n.
The act of seeing sights; eagerness for novelties or
curiosities.
Sight-seer \Sight"-se`er\, n.
One given to seeing sights or noted things, or eager for
novelties or curiosities.
Sight-shot \Sight"-shot`\, n.
Distance to which the sight can reach or be thrown. [R.]
--Cowley.
Sightsman \Sights"man\, n.; pl. {Sightsmen}. (Mus.)
One who reads or performs music readily at first sight. [R.]
--Busby.
Sigil \Sig"il\, n. [L. sigillum. See {Seal} a stamp.]
A seal; a signature. --Dryden.
Of talismans and sigils knew the power. --Pope.
Sigillaria \Sig`il*la"ri*a\, n. pl. [L., from sigillum a seal.
See {Sigil}.] (Rom. Antic.)
Little images or figures of earthenware exposed for sale, or
given as presents, on the last two days of the Saturnalia;
hence, the last two, or the sixth and seventh, days of the
Saturnalia.
Sigillaria \Sig`il*la"ri*a\, n. [NL., fem sing. fr. L. sigillum
a seal.] (Paleon.)
A genus of fossil trees principally found in the coal
formation; -- so named from the seallike leaf scars in
vertical rows on the surface.
Sigillarid \Sig`il*la"rid\, n. (Paleon.)
One of an extinct family of cryptagamous trees, including the
genus {Sigillaria} and its allies.
Sigillated \Sig"il*la`ted\, a. [L. sigillatus adorned with
little images.]
Decorated by means of stamps; -- said of pottery.
Sigillative \Sig"il*la*tive\, a. [L. sigillum a seal: cf. OF.
sigillatif.]
Fit to seal; belonging to a seal; composed of wax. [R.]
Sigillum \Si*gil"lum\, n.; pl. {Sigilla}. [L.] (Rom. & Old Eng.
Law)
A seal.
Sigla \Sig"la\, n. pl. [L.]
The signs, abbreviations, letters, or characters standing for
words, shorthand, etc., in ancient manuscripts, or on coins,
medals, etc. --W. Savage.
Sigma \Sig"ma\, n.; pl. {Sigmas}. [L., from Gr. ???, ???.]
The Greek letter [Sigma], [sigma], or [sigmat] (English S, or
s). It originally had the form of the English C.
Sigmodont \Sig"mo*dont\, n. [Gr. ??? sigma (?) + ???, ???, a
tooth.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of a tribe ({Sigmodontes}) of rodents which includes
all the indigenous rats and mice of America. So called from
the form of the ridges of enamel on the crowns of the worn
molars. Also used adjectively.
Sigmoid \Sig"moid\, Sigmoidal \Sig*moid"al\, a. [Gr. ???; ???
sigma + ??? form, likeness: cf. F. sigmo["i]de.]
Curved in two directions, like the letter S, or the Greek
[sigmat].
{Sigmoid flexure} (Anat.), the last curve of the colon before
it terminates in the rectum. See Illust. under
{Digestive}.
{Sigmoid valves}. (Anat.) See {Semilunar valves}, under
{Semilunar}.
Sigmoidally \Sig*moid"al*ly\, adv.
In a sigmoidal manner.
Sign \Sign\, n. [F. signe, L. signum; cf. AS. segen, segn, a
sign, standard, banner, also fr. L. signum. Cf. {Ensign},
{Resign}, {Seal} a stamp, {Signal}, {Signet}.]
That by which anything is made known or represented; that
which furnishes evidence; a mark; a token; an indication; a
proof. Specifically:
(a) A remarkable event, considered by the ancients as
indicating the will of some deity; a prodigy; an omen.
(b) An event considered by the Jews as indicating the divine
will, or as manifesting an interposition of the divine
power for some special end; a miracle; a wonder.
Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of
the Spirit of God. --Rom. xv. 19.
It shall come to pass, if they will not believe
thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first
sign, that they will believe the voice of the
latter sign. --Ex. iv. 8.
(c) Something serving to indicate the existence, or preserve
the memory, of a thing; a token; a memorial; a monument.
What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty
men, and they became a sign. --Num. xxvi.
10.
(d) Any symbol or emblem which prefigures, typifles, or
represents, an idea; a type; hence, sometimes, a picture.
The holy symbols, or signs, are not barely
significative; but what they represent is as
certainly delivered to us as the symbols
themselves. --Brerewood.
Saint George of Merry England, the sign of victory.
--Spenser.
(e) A word or a character regarded as the outward
manifestation of thought; as, words are the sign of
ideas.
(f) A motion, an action, or a gesture by which a thought is
expressed, or a command or a wish made known.
They made signs to his father, how he would have
him called. --Luke i. 62.
(g) Hence, one of the gestures of pantomime, or of a language
of a signs such as those used by the North American
Indians, or those used by the deaf and dumb.
Note: Educaters of the deaf distinguish between natural
signs, which serve for communicating ideas, and
methodical, or systematic, signs, adapted for the
dictation, or the rendering, of written language, word
by word; and thus the signs are to be distinguished
from the manual alphabet, by which words are spelled on
the fingers.
(h) A military emblem carried on a banner or a standard.
--Milton.
(i) A lettered board, or other conspicuous notice, placed
upon or before a building, room, shop, or office to
advertise the business there transacted, or the name of
the person or firm carrying it on; a publicly displayed
token or notice.
The shops were, therefore, distinguished by painted
signs, which gave a gay and grotesque aspect to the
streets. --Macaulay.
(j) (Astron.) The twelfth part of the ecliptic or zodiac.
Note: The signs are reckoned from the point of intersection
of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox, and
are named, respectively, {Aries} ([Aries]), {Taurus}
([Taurus]), {Gemini} (II), {Cancer} ([Cancer]), {Leo}
([Leo]), {Virgo} ([Virgo]), {Libra} ([Libra]),
{Scorpio} ([Scorpio]), {Sagittarius} ([Sagittarius]),
{Capricornus ([Capricorn]), {Aquarius} ([Aquarius]),
{Pisces} ([Pisces]). These names were originally the
names of the constellations occupying severally the
divisions of the zodiac, by which they are still
retained; but, in consequence of the procession of the
equinoxes, the signs have, in process of time, become
separated about 30 degrees from these constellations,
and each of the latter now lies in the sign next in
advance, or to the east of the one which bears its
name, as the constellation Aries in the sign Taurus,
etc.
(k) (Alg.) A character indicating the relation of quantities,
or an operation performed upon them; as, the sign +
(plus); the sign -- (minus); the sign of division /, and
the like.
(l) (Med.) An objective evidence of disease; that is, one
appreciable by some one other than the patient.
Note: The terms symptom and and sign are often used
synonymously; but they may be discriminated. A sign
differs from a symptom in that the latter is perceived
only by the patient himself. The term sign is often
further restricted to the purely local evidences of
disease afforded by direct examination of the organs
involved, as distinguished from those evidence of
general disturbance afforded by observation of the
temperature, pulse, etc. In this sense it is often
called physical sign.
(m) (Mus.) Any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, etc.
(n) (Theol.) That which, being external, stands for, or
signifies, something internal or spiritual; -- a term
used in the Church of England in speaking of an ordinance
considered with reference to that which it represents.
An outward and visible sign of an inward and
spiritual grace. --Bk. of
Common Prayer.
Note: See the Table of {Arbitrary Signs}, p. 1924.
{Sign manual}.
(a) (Eng. Law) The royal signature superscribed at the top of
bills of grants and letter patent, which are then sealed
with the privy signet or great seal, as the case may be,
to complete their validity.
(b) The signature of one's name in one's own handwriting.
--Craig. Tomlins. Wharton.
Syn: Token; mark; note; symptom; indication; signal; symbol;
type; omen; prognostic; presage; manifestation. See
{Emblem}.
Sign \Sign\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Signed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Signing}.] [OE. seinen to bless, originally, to make the
sign of the cross over; in this sense fr. ASS. segnian (from
segn, n.), or OF. seignier, F. signer, to mark, to sign (in
sense 3), fr. L. signare to mark, set a mark upon, from
signum. See {Sign}, n.]
1. To represent by a sign; to make known in a typical or
emblematic manner, in distinction from speech; to signify.
I signed to Browne to make his retreat. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. To make a sign upon; to mark with a sign.
We receive this child into the congregation of
Christ's flock, and do sign him with the sign of the
cross. --Bk. of Com
Prayer.
3. To affix a signature to; to ratify by hand or seal; to
subscribe in one's own handwriting.
Inquire the Jew's house out, give him this deed, And
let him sign it. --Shak.
4. To assign or convey formally; -- used with away.
5. To mark; to make distinguishable. --Shak.
Sign \Sign\, v. i.
1. To be a sign or omen. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. To make a sign or signal; to communicate directions or
intelligence by signs.
3. To write one's name, esp. as a token of assent,
responsibility, or obligation.
Signable \Sign"a*ble\, a.
Suitable to be signed; requiring signature; as, a legal
document signable by a particular person.
Signal \Sig"nal\, n. [F., fr. LL. signale, fr. L. signum. See
{Sign}, n.]
1. A sign made for the purpose of giving notice to a person
of some occurence, command, or danger; also, a sign,
event, or watchword, which has been agreed upon as the
occasion of concerted action.
All obeyed The wonted signal and superior voice Of
this great potentate. --Milton.
2. A token; an indication; a foreshadowing; a sign.
The weary sun . . . Gives signal of a goodly day
to-morrow. --Shak.
There was not the least signal of the calamity to be
seen. --De Foc.
Signal \Sig"nal\, a. [From signal, n.: cf. F. signal['e].]
1. Noticeable; distinguished from what is ordinary; eminent;
remarkable; memorable; as, a signal exploit; a signal
service; a signal act of benevolence.
As signal now in low, dejected state As erst in
highest, behold him where he lies. --Milton.
2. Of or pertaining to signals, or the use of signals in
conveying information; as, a signal flag or officer.
{The signal service}, a bureau of the government (in the
United States connected with the War Department) organized
to collect from the whole country simultaneous raports of
local meteorological conditions, upon comparison of which
at the central office, predictions concerning the weather
are telegraphed to various sections, where they are made
known by signals publicly displayed.
{Signal station}, the place where a signal is displayed;
specifically, an observation office of the signal service.
Syn: Eminent; remarkable; memorable; extraordinary; notable;
conspicuous.
Signal \Sig"nal\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Signaled or Signalled};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Signaling} or {Signalling}.]
1. To communicate by signals; as, to signal orders.
2. To notify by a signals; to make a signal or signals to;
as, to signal a fleet to anchor. --M. Arnold.
Signalist \Sig"nal*ist\, n.
One who makes signals; one who communicates intelligence by
means of signals.
Signality \Sig*nal"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being signal or remarkable. [Obs.]
--Sir T. Browne.
Signalize \Sig"nal*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Signalized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Signalizing}.] [From {Signal}, a.]
1. To make signal or eminent; to render distinguished from
what is common; to distinguish.
It is this passion which drives men to all the ways
we see in use of signalizing themselves. --Burke.
2. To communicate with by means of a signal; as, a ship
signalizes its consort.
3. To indicate the existence, presence, or fact of, by a
signal; as, to signalize the arrival of a steamer.
Signally \Sig"nal*ly\, adv.
In a signal manner; eminently.
Signalman \Sig"nal*man\, n.; pl. {-men}.
A man whose business is to manage or display signals;
especially, one employed in setting the signals by which
railroad trains are run or warned.
Signalment \Sig"nal*ment\, n.
The act of signaling, or of signalizing; hence, description
by peculiar, appropriate, or characteristic marks. --Mrs.
Browning.
Signate \Sig"nate\, a. [L. signatus, p. p. See {Sign}, v. t.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having definite color markings.
Signation \Sig*na"tion\, n. [L. signatio. See {Sign}, v. t.]
Sign given; marking. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Signatory \Sig"na*to*ry\, a. [L. signatorius.]
1. Relating to a seal; used in sealing. [Obs.] --Bailey.
2. Signing; joining or sharing in a signature; as, signatory
powers.
Signatory \Sig"na*to*ry\, n.; pl. {-ries}.
A signer; one who signs or subscribes; as, a conference of
signatories.
Signature \Sig"na*ture\, n. [F. (cf. It. signatura, segnatura,
Sp. & LL. signatura), from L. signare, signatum. See {Sign},
v. t.]
1. A sign, stamp, or mark impressed, as by a seal.
The brain, being well furnished with various traces,
signatures, and images. --I. Watts.
The natural and indelible signature of God, which
human souls . . . are supposed to be stamped with.
--Bentley.
2. Especially, the name of any person, written with his own
hand, employed to signify that the writing which precedes
accords with his wishes or intentions; a sign manual; an
autograph.
3. (Physiol.) An outward mark by which internal
characteristics were supposed to be indicated.
Some plants bear a very evident signature of their
nature and use. --Dr. H. More.
4. (Old Med.) A resemblance between the external characters
of a disease and those of some physical agent, for
instance, that existing between the red skin of scarlet
fever and a red cloth; -- supposed to indicate this agent
in the treatment of the disease.
5. (Mus.) The designation of the key (when not C major, or
its relative, A minor) by means of one or more sharps or
flats at the beginning of the staff, immediately after the
clef, affecting all notes of the same letter throughout
the piece or movement. Each minor key has the same
signature as its relative major.
6. (Print.)
(a) A letter or figure placed at the bottom of the first
page of each sheet of a book or pamphlet, as a
direction to the binder in arranging and folding the
sheets.
(b) The printed sheet so marked, or the form from which it
is printed; as, to reprint one or more signatures.
Note: Star signatures (as A*, 1*) are the same characters,
with the addition of asterisks, used on the first pages
of offcuts, as in 12mo sheets.
7. (Pharm.) That part of a prescription which contains the
directions to the patient. It is usually prefaced by S or
Sig. (an abbreviation for the Latin signa, imperative of
signare to sign or mark).
Signature \Sig"na*ture\, v. t.
To mark with, or as with, a signature or signatures.
Signaturist \Sig"na*tur`ist\, n.
One who holds to the doctrine of signatures impressed upon
objects, indicative of character or qualities. [Obs.] --Sir
T. Browne.
Signboard \Sign"board`\, n.
A board, placed on or before a shop, office, etc., on which
ssome notice is given, as the name of a firm, of a business,
or the like.
Signer \Sign"er\, n.
One who signs or subscribes his name; as, a memorial with a
hundred signers.
Signet \Sig"net\, n. [OF. signet a signet, F., a bookmark, dim.
of signe. See {Sign}, n., and cf. {Sennet}.]
A seal; especially, in England, the seal used by the
sovereign in sealing private letters and grants that pass by
bill under the sign manual; -- called also {privy signet}.
I had my father's signet in my purse. --Shak.
{Signet ring}, a ring containing a signet or private seal.
{Writer to the signet} (Scots Law), a judicial officer who
prepares warrants, writs, etc.; originally, a clerk in the
office of the secretary of state.
Signeted \Sig"net*ed\, a.
Stamped or marked with a signet.
Signifer \Sig"ni*fer\, a. [L., from signum sign + ferre to
bear.]
Bearing signs. [Obs.] ``The signifer sphere, or zodiac.''
--Holland.
Significance \Sig*nif"i*cance\, Significancy \Sig*nif"i*can*cy\,
n. [L. significantia.]
1. The quality or state of being significant.
2. That which is signified; meaning; import; as, the
significance of a nod, of a motion of the hand, or of a
word or expression.
3. Importance; moment; weight; consequence.
With this brain I must work, in order to give
significancy and value to the few facts which I
possess. --De Quincey.
Significant \Sig*nif"i*cant\, a. [L. significans, -antis, p. pr.
of significare. See {Signify}.]
1. Fitted or designed to signify or make known somethingl
having a meaning; standing as a sign or token; expressive
or suggestive; as, a significant word or sound; a
significant look.
It was well said of Plotinus, that the stars were
significant, but not efficient. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
2. Deserving to be considered; important; momentous; as, a
significant event.
{Significant figures} (Arith.), the figures which remain to
any number, or decimal fraction, after the ciphers at the
right or left are canceled. Thus, the significant figures
of 25,000, or of .0025, are 25.
Significant \Sig*nif"i*cant\, n.
That which has significance; a sign; a token; a symbol.
--Wordsworth.
In dumb significants proclaim your thoughts. --Shak.
Significantly \Sig*nif"i*cant*ly\, adv.
In a significant manner.
Significate \Sig*nif"i*cate\, n. [L. significatus, p. p. of
significare. See {Signify}.] (Logic)
One of several things signified by a common term. --Whately.
Signification \Sig`ni*fi*ca"tion\, n. [F. signification, L.
significatio.]
1. The act of signifying; a making known by signs or other
means.
A signification of being pleased. --Landor.
All speaking or signification of one's mind implies
an act or addres of one man to another. --South.
2. That which is signified or made known; that meaning which
a sign, character, or token is intended to convey; as, the
signification of words.
Significative \Sig*nif"i*ca*tive\, a. [L. significativus: cf. F.
significatif.]
1. Betokening or representing by an external sign.
The holy symbols or signs are not barely
significative. --Brerewood.
2. Having signification or meaning; expressive of a meaning
or purpose; significant.
Neither in the degrees of kindred they were
destitute of significative words. --Camden.
-- {Sig*nif"i*ca*tive*ly}, adv. --
{Sig*nif"i*ca*tive*ness}, n.
Significator \Sig"ni*fi*ca`tor\, n. [Cf. F. significateur.]
One who, or that which, signifies.
In this diagram there was one significator which
pressed remarkably upon our astrologer's attention.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Significatory \Sig*nif"i*ca*to*ry\, a. [L. significatorius.]
Significant. -- n. That which is significatory.
Significavit \Sig`ni*fi*ca"vit\, n. [L., (he) has signified,
perf. ind. of significare to signify.] (Eng. Eccl. Law)
Formerly, a writ issuing out of chancery, upon certificate
given by the ordinary, of a man's standing excommunicate by
the space of forty days, for the laying him up in prison till
he submit himself to the authority of the church. --Crabb.
Signify \Sig"ni*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Signified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Signifying}.] [F. signifier, L. significare; signum a
sign + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See {Sign}, n., and
{-fy}.]
1. To show by a sign; to communicate by any conventional
token, as words, gestures, signals, or the like; to
announce; to make known; to declare; to express; as, a
signified his desire to be present.
I 'll to the king; and signify to him That thus I
have resign'd my charge to you. --Shak.
The government should signify to the Protestants of
Ireland that want of silver is not to be remedied.
--Swift.
2. To mean; to import; to denote; to betoken.
He bade her tell him what it signified. --Chaucer.
A tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing. --Shak.
Note: Signify is often used impersonally; as, it signifies
nothing, it does not signify, that is, it is of no
importance.
Syn: To express; manifest; declare; utter; intimate; betoken;
denote; imply; mean.
Signior \Sign"ior\, n.
Sir; Mr. The English form and pronunciation for the Italian
Signor and the Spanish Se[~n]or.
Signiorize \Sign"ior*ize\, v. t. [See {Seigniorize}.]
To exercise dominion over; to lord it over. [Obs.] --Shelton.
Signiorize \Sign"ior*ize\ (s[=e]n"y[~e]r*[imac]z), v. i.
To exercise dominion; to seigniorize. [Obs.] --Hewyt.
Signiorship \Sign"ior*ship\, n.
State or position of a signior.
Signiory \Sign"ior*y\ (-[y^]), n.
Same as {Seigniory}.
Signor \Si*gnor"\, Signore \Si*gno"re\, n. [It. See {Seignior}.]
Sir; Mr.; -- a title of address or respect among the
Italians. Before a noun the form is Signor.
Signora \Si*gno"ra\, n. [It.]
Madam; Mrs; -- a title of address or respect among the
Italians.
Signorina \Si`gno*ri"na\, n. [It.]
Miss; -- a title of address among the Italians.
Signpost \Sign"post`\, n.
A post on which a sign hangs, or on which papers are placed
to give public notice of anything.
Sik \Sik\, Sike \Sike\, a.
Such. See {Such}. [Obs.] ``Sike fancies weren foolerie.''
--Spenser.
Sike \Sike\, n. [AS. s[=i]c. Cf. {Sig}.]
A gutter; a stream, such as is usually dry in summer. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]
Sike \Sike\, n. [See {Sick}.]
A sick person. [Prov. Eng.]
Sike \Sike\, v. i.
To sigh. [Obs.]
That for his wife weepeth and siketh sore. --Chaucer.
Sike \Sike\, n.
A sigh. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Siker \Sik"er\, a. & adv., Sikerly \Sik"er*ly\, adv., Sikerness
\Sik"er*ness\, n., etc.
See 2d {Sicker}, {Sickerly}, etc. [Obs.]
Sikhs \Sikhs\, n. pl.; sing. {Sikh}. [Hind. Sikh, properly, a
disciple.]
A religious sect noted for warlike traits, founded in the
Punjab at the end of the 15th century.
Silage \Si"lage\, n. & v.
Short for {Ensilage}.
Sile \Sile\, v. t. [Akin to Sw. sila to strain, sil sieve, G.
sielen to draw away or lead off water. [root]151a. See
{Silt}.]
To strain, as fresh milk. [Prov. Eng.]
Sile \Sile\, v. i.
To drop; to flow; to fall. [Prov. Eng.]
Sile \Sile\, n.
1. A sieve with fine meshes. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Filth; sediment. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Sile \Sile\, n. [Icel. s[=i]ld herring; akin to Sw. sill, Dan.
sild. Cf. {Sill} the young of a herring.] (Zo["o]l.)
A young or small herring. [Eng.] --Pennant.
Silence \Si"lence\, n. [F., fr. L. silentium. See {Silent}.]
1. The state of being silent; entire absence of sound or
noise; absolute stillness.
I saw and heared; for such a numerous host Fled not
in silence through the frighted deep. --Milton.
2. Forbearance from, or absence of, speech; taciturnity;
muteness.
3. Secrecy; as, these things were transacted in silence.
The administration itself keeps a profound silence.
--D. Webster.
4. The cessation of rage, agitation, or tumilt; calmness;
quiest; as, the elements were reduced to silence.
5. Absence of mention; oblivion.
And what most merits fame, in silence hid. --Milton.
Silence \Si"lence\, interj.
Be silent; -- used elliptically for let there be silence, or
keep silence. --Shak.
Silence \Si"lence\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Silenced}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Silencing}.]
1. To compel to silence; to cause to be still; to still; to
hush.
Silence that dreadful bell; it frights the isle.
--Shak.
2. To put to rest; to quiet.
This would silence all further opposition.
--Clarendon.
These would have silenced their scruples. --Rogers.
3. To restrain from the exercise of any function, privilege
of instruction, or the like, especially from the act of
preaching; as, to silence a minister of the gospel.
The Rev. Thomas Hooker of Chelmsford, in Essex, was
silenced for nonconformity. --B. Trumbull.
4. To cause to cease firing, as by a vigorous cannonade; as,
to silence the batteries of an enemy.
Silene \Si*le"ne\, n. [NL., fr. L. Silenus, the attendant of
Bacchus.] (Bot.)
A genus of caryophyllaceous plants, usually covered with a
viscid secretion by which insects are caught; catchfly.
{Bon Sil[`e]ne}. See {Sil[`e]ne}, in the Vocabulary.
Silent \Si"lent\, a. [L. silens, -entis, p. pr. of silere to be
silent; akin to Goth. ana-silan.]
1. Free from sound or noise; absolutely still; perfectly
quiet.
How silent is this town! --Shak.
2. Not speaking; indisposed to talk; speechless; mute;
taciturn; not loquacious; not talkative.
Ulysses, adds he, was the most eloquent and most
silent of men. --Broome.
This new-created world, whereof in hell Fame is not
silent. --Milton.
3. Keeping at rest; inactive; calm; undisturbed; as, the wind
is silent. --Parnell. Sir W. Raleigh.
4. (Pron.) Not pronounced; having no sound; quiescent; as, e
is silent in ``fable.''
5. Having no effect; not operating; inefficient. [R.]
Cause . . . silent, virtueless, and dead. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
{Silent partner}. See {Dormant partner}, under {Dormant}.
Syn: Mute; taciturn; dumb; speechless; quiet; still. See
{Mute}, and {Taciturn}.
Silent \Si"lent\, n.
That which is silent; a time of silence. [R.] ``The silent of
the night.'' --Shak.
Silentiary \Si*len"ti*a*ry\ (s[-i]*l[e^]n"sh[i^]*[asl]*r[y^]),
n. [L. silentiarius: cf. F. silenciaire. See {Silence}.]
One appointed to keep silence and order in court; also, one
sworn not to divulge secrets of state.
Silentious \Si*len"tious\, a. [L. silentiosus: cf. F.
silencieux.]
Habitually silent; taciturn; reticent. [R.]
Silently \Si"lent*ly\, adv.
In a silent manner.
Silentness \Si"lent*ness\, n.
State of being silent; silence.
Silenus \Si*le"nus\, n. [L. Silenus the tutor and attendant of
Bacchus.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Wanderoo}.
Silesia \Si*le"si*a\, n.
1. A kind of linen cloth, originally made in Silesia, a
province of Prussia.
2. A twilled cotton fabric, used for dress linings.
Silesian \Si*le"si*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Silesia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of
Silesia.
Silex \Si"lex\, n. [L., a finit, a pebblestone.] (Min.)
Silica, {SiO2} as found in nature, constituting quarz, and
most sands and sandstones. See {Silica}, and {Silicic}.
Silhouette \Sil`hou*ette"\, n. [F.; -- so called from Etienne de
Silhoutte, a French minister of finance in 1759, whise
diversion it was to make such portraits on the walls of his
apartments.]
A representation of the outlines of an object filled in with
a black color; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow
appears to be.
Silhouette \Sil`hou*ette"\, v. t.
To represent by a silhouette; to project upon a background,
so as to be like a silhouette. [Recent]
A flock of roasting vultures silhouetted on the sky.
--The Century.
Silica \Sil"i*ca\, n. [NL., from L. silex, silics, a flint.]
(Chem.)
Silicon dioxide, SiO?. It constitutes ordinary quartz (also
opal and tridymite), and is artifically prepared as a very
fine, white, tasteless, inodorous powder.
Silicate \Sil"i*cate\, n.[Cf. F. silicate.] (Chem.)
A salt of silicic acid.
Note: In mineralogical chemistry the silicates include; the
unisilicates or orthosilicates, salts of orthosilicic
acid; the bisilicates or metasilicates, salts of
metasilicic acid; the polysilicates or acid silicates,
salts of the polysilicic acids; the basic silicates or
subsilicates, in which the equivalent of base is
greater than would be required to neutralize the acid;
and the hydrous silicates, including the zeolites and
many hydrated decomposition products.
Silicated \Sil"i*ca`ted\, a. (Chem.)
Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica; as, silicated
hydrogen; silicated rocks.
{Silicated soap}, a hard soap containing silicate of soda.
Silicatization \Sil`i*ca*ti*za"tion\, n.
Silicification.
Silicea \Si*lic"e*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Silicoidea}.
Siliceous \Si*li"ceous\, a. [L. siliceus, fr. silex, silicis, a
flint.]
Of or pertaining to silica; containing silica, or partaking
of its nature. [Written also {silisious}.]
Silicic \Si*lic"ic\, a. [L. silex, silicis, a flint: cf. F.
silicique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, silica;
specifically, designating compounds of silicon; as, silicic
acid.
{Silicic acid} (Chem.), an amorphous gelatinous substance,
{Si(HO)4}, very unstable and easily dried to silica, but
forming many stable salts; -- called also {orthosilicic,
or normal silicic, acid}.
Silicicalcareous \Si*lic`i*cal*ca"re*ous\, a.
Consisting of silica and calcareous matter.
Silicide \Sil"i*cide\, n. (Chem.)
A binary compound of silicon, or one regarded as binary. [R.]
{Hydrogen silicide} (Chem.), a colorless, spontaneously
inflammable gas, {SiH4}, produced artifically from
silicon, and analogous to methane; -- called also
{silico-methane}, {silicon hydride}, and formerly
{siliciureted hydrogen}.
Siliciferous \Sil`i*cif"er*ous\, a. [L. silex, silicis, a flint
+ -ferous.]
Producing silica; united with silica.
Silicification \Si*lic`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [See {Silicify}.]
(Chem.)
Thae act or process of combining or impregnating with silicon
or silica; the state of being so combined or impregnated; as,
the silicification of wood.
Silicified \Si*lic"i*fied\, a. (Chem.)
Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica, especially
the latter; as, silicified wood.
Silicify \Si*lic"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Silicified}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Silicifying}.] [L. silex, silicis, a flint + -fy:
cf. F. silicifier.] (Chem.)
To convert into, or to impregnate with, silica, or with the
compounds of silicon.
The specimens found . . . are completely silicified.
--Say.
Note: The silica may take the form of agate, chalcedony,
flint, hornstone, or crystalline quartz.
Silicify \Si*lic"i*fy\, v. i.
To become converted into silica, or to be impregnated with
silica.
Silicioidea \Sil`i*ci*oi"de*a\, n. pl. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Silicoidea}.
Silicious \Si*li"cious\, a.
See {Siliceous}.
Silicispongiae \Sil`i*ci*spon"gi*[ae]\, n. pl. [NL. See {Silex},
and {Sponge}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Silicoidea}.
Silicited \Si*lic"it*ed\, a.
Silicified. [Obs.]
Silicium \Si*lic"i*um\, n.
See {Silicon}.
Siliciureted \Si*lic"i*u*ret`ed\, a. [Written also
{siliciuretted}.] (Old. Chem.)
Combined or impregnated with silicon. [Obsoles.]
{Siliciureted hydrogen}. (Chem.) Hydrogen silicide. [Obs.]
Silicle \Sil"i*cle\, n. [L. silicula, dim. of siliqua a pod or
husk: cf. F. silicule.] (Bot.)
A seed vessel resembling a silique, but about as broad as it
is long. See {Silique}.
Silico- \Sil"i*co-\ (Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the
presence of silicon or its compounds; as, silicobenzoic,
silicofluoride, etc.
Silicofluoric \Sil`i*co*flu*or"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Containing, or composed of, silicon and fluorine; especially,
denoting the compounds called silicofluorides.
{Silicofluoric acid} (Chem.), a compound of hydrofluoric acid
and silicon fluoride, known only in watery solution. It is
produced by the action of silicon fluoride on water, and
is regarded as an acid, {H2SiF6}, and the type and origin
of the silicofluorides.
Silicofluoride \Sil`i*co*flu"or*ide\, n. (Chem.)
A fluosilicate; a salt of silicofluoric acid.
Silicoidea \Sil`i*coi"de*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Silex}, and
{-oid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extensive order of Porifera, which includes those that
have the skeleton composed mainly of siliceous fibers or
spicules.
Silicon \Sil"i*con\, n. [See {Silica}.] (Chem.)
A nonmetalic element analogous to carbon. It always occurs
combined in nature, and is artificially obtained in the free
state, usually as a dark brown amorphous powder, or as a dark
crystalline substance with a meetallic luster. Its oxide is
silica, or common quartz, and in this form, or as silicates,
it is, next to oxygen, the most abundant element of the
earth's crust. Silicon is characteristically the element of
the mineral kingdom, as carbon is of the organic world.
Symbol Si. Atomic weight 28. Called also {silicium}.
Silicotungstic \Sil`i*co*tung"stic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of
double acids of silicon and tungsten, known in the free
state, and also in their salts (called silicotungstates).
Silicula \Si*lic"u*la\, n. [L.] (Bot.)
A silicle.
Silicule \Sil"i*cule\, n. (Bot.)
A silicle.
Siliculose \Si*lic"u*lose`\, a. [NL. siliculosus, fr. L.
silicula: cf. F. siliculeux. See {Silicle}.]
1. (Bot.) Bearing silicles; pertaining to, or resembling,
silicles.
2. Full of, or consisting of, husks; husky. [Obs.]
Siliginose \Si*lig"i*nose`\, a.[L. siligineus, fr. siligo,
-inis, fine and very white wheat.]
Made of fine wheat. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Siling \Sil"ing\,
a. & n. from {Sile} to strain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
{Siling dish}, a colander. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Siliqua \Sil"i*qua\, n.; pl. {Siliqu[ae]}. [L. See {Silique}.]
1. (Bot.) Same as {Silique}.
2. A weight of four grains; a carat; -- a term used by
jewelers, and refiners of gold.
Silique \Sil"ique\, n. [L. siliqua a pod or husk, a very small
weight or measure: cf. F. silique.] (Bot.)
An oblong or elongated seed vessel, consisting of two valves
with a dissepiment between, and opening by sutures at either
margin. The seeds are attached to both edges of the
dissepiment, alternately upon each side of it.
Siliqyiform \Sil"i*qyi*form\, a. [Silique + -form: cf. F.
siliquiforme.] (Bot.)
Having the form of a silique.
Siliquosa \Sil`i*quo"sa\, n. pl. [NL. See {Siliquose}.] (Bot.)
A Linn[ae]an order of plants including those which bear
siliques.
Siliquose \Sil"i*quose`\, Siliquous \Sil"i*quous\, a. [NL.
siliquosus: cf. F. siliqueux.] (Bot.)
Bearing siliques; as, siliquose plants; pertaining to, or
resembling, siliques; as, siliquose capsules.
Silk \Silk\, n. [OE. silk, selk, AS. seolc, seoloc; akin to
Icel. silki, SW. & Dan. silke; prob. through Slavic from an
Oriental source; cf. Lith. szilkai, Russ. shelk', and also L.
sericum Seric stuff, silk. Cf. {Sericeous}. {Serge} a woolen
stuff.]
1. The fine, soft thread produced by various species of
caterpillars in forming the cocoons within which the worm
is inclosed during the pupa state, especially that
produced by the larv[ae] of {Bombyx mori}.
2. Hence, thread spun, or cloth woven, from the above-named
material.
3. That which resembles silk, as the filiform styles of the
female flower of maize.
{Raw silk}, silk as it is wound off from the cocoons, and
before it is manufactured.
{Silk cotton}, a cottony substance enveloping the seeds of
the silk-cotton tree.
{Silk-cotton tree} (Bot.), a name for several tropical trees
of the genera {Bombax} and {Eriodendron}, and belonging to
the order {Bombace[ae]}. The trees grow to an immense
size, and have their seeds enveloped in a cottony
substance, which is used for stuffing cushions, but can
not be spun.
{Silk flower}. (Bot.)
(a) The silk tree.
(b) A similar tree ({Calliandra trinervia}) of Peru.
{Silk fowl} (Zo["o]l.), a breed of domestic fowls having
silky plumage.
{Silk gland} (Zo["o]l.), a gland which secretes the material
of silk, as in spider or a silkworm; a sericterium.
{Silk gown}, the distinctive robe of a barrister who has been
appointed king's or queen's counsel; hence, the counsel
himself. Such a one has precedence over mere barristers,
who wear stuff gowns. [Eng.]
{Silk grass} (Bot.), a kind of grass ({Stipa comata}) of the
Western United States, which has very long silky awns. The
name is also sometimes given to various species of the
genera {Aqave} and {Yucca}.
{Silk moth} (Zo["o]l.), the adult moth of any silkworm. See
{Silkworm}.
{Silk shag}, a coarse, rough-woven silk, like plush, but with
a stiffer nap.
{Silk spider} (Zo["o]l.), a large spider ({Nephila
plumipes}), native of the Southern United States,
remarkable for the large quantity of strong silk it
produces and for the great disparity in the sizes of the
sexes.
{Silk thrower}, {Silk throwster}, one who twists or spins
silk, and prepares it for weaving. --Brande & C.
{Silk tree} (Bot.), an Asiatic leguminous tree ({Albizzia
Julibrissin}) with finely bipinnate leaves, and large flat
pods; -- so called because of the abundant long silky
stamens of its blossoms. Also called {silk flower}.
{Silk vessel}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Silk gland}, above.
{Virginia silk} (Bot.), a climbing plant ({Periploca
Gr[ae]ca}) of the Milkweed family, having a silky tuft on
the seeds. It is native in Southern Europe.
Silken \Silk"en\, a. [AS. seolcen, seolocen.]
1. Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk;
as, silken cloth; a silken veil.
2. Fig.: Soft; delicate; tender; smooth; as, silken language.
``Silken terms precise.'' --Shak.
3. Dressed in silk. ``A . . . silken wanton.'' --Shak.
Silken \Silk"en\, v. t.
To render silken or silklike. --Dyer.
Silkiness \Silk"i*ness\, n.
1. The quality or state of being silky or silken; softness
and smoothness.
2. Fig.: Effeminacy; weakness. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Silkman \Silk"man\, n.; pl. {Silkmen}.
A dealer in silks; a silk mercer. --Shak.
Silkness \Silk"ness\, n.
Silkiness. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Silkweed \Silk"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genera {Asclepias} and {Acerates} whose seed
vessels contain a long, silky down; milkweed.
Silkworm \Silk"worm`\, n. [AS. seolcwyrm.] (Zo["o]l.)
The larva of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths,
which spins a large amount of strong silk in constructing its
cocoon before changing to a pupa.
Note: The common species ({Bombyx mori}) feeds on the leaves
of the white mulberry tree. It is native of China, but
has long been introduced into other countries of Asia
and Europe, and is reared on a large scale. In America
it is reared only to small extent. The Ailanthus
silkworm ({Philosamia cynthia}) is a much larger
species, of considerable importance, which has been
introduced into Europe and America from China. The most
useful American species is the Polyphemus. See
{Polyphemus}.
{Pernyi silkworm}, the larva of the Pernyi moth. See {Pernyi
moth}.
{Silkworm gut}, a substance prepared from the contents of the
silk glands of silkworms and used in making lines for
angling. See {Gut}.
{Silkworm rot}, a disease of silkworms; muscardine.
Silky \Silk"y\, a. [Compar. {Silkier}; superl. {Silkiest}.]
1. Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk;
silken; silklike; as, a silky luster.
2. Hence, soft and smooth; as, silky wine.
3. Covered with soft hairs pressed close to the surface, as a
leaf; sericeous.
{Silky oak} (Bot.), a lofty Australian tree ({Grevillea
robusta}) with silky tomentose lobed or incised leaves. It
furnishes a valuable timber.
Sill \Sill\, n. [OE. sille, sylle, AS. syl, syll; akin to G.
schwelle, OHG. swelli, Icel. syll, svill, Sw. syll, Dan.
syld, Goth. gasuljan to lay a foundation, to found.]
The basis or foundation of a thing; especially, a horizontal
piece, as a timber, which forms the lower member of a frame,
or supports a structure; as, the sills of a house, of a
bridge, of a loom, and the like. Hence:
(a) The timber or stone at the foot of a door; the threshold.
(b) The timber or stone on which a window frame stands; or,
the lowest piece in a window frame.
(c) The floor of a gallery or passage in a mine.
(d) A piece of timber across the bottom of a canal lock for
the gates to shut against.
{Sill course} (Arch.), a horizontal course of stone, terra
cotta, or the like, built into a wall at the level of one
or more window sills, these sills often forming part of
it.
Sill \Sill\, n. [Cf. {Thill}.]
The shaft or thill of a carriage. [Prov. Eng.]
Sill \Sill\, n. [Cf. 4th {Sile}.]
A young herring. [Eng.]
Sillabub \Sil"la*bub\, n. [Cf. sile to strain, and bub liquor,
also Prov. E. sillibauk.]
A dish made by mixing wine or cider with milk, and thus
forming a soft curd; also, sweetened cream, flavored with
wine and beaten to a stiff froth. [Written also {syllabub}.]
Siller \Sil"ler\, n.
Silver. [Scot.]
Sillily \Sil"li*ly\, adv. [From {Silly}.]
In a silly manner; foolishly. --Dryden.
Sillimanite \Sil"li*man*ite\, n. [After Benjamin Siliman, an
American meneralogist.] (Min.)
Same as {Fibrolite}.
Silliness \Sil"li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being silly.
Sillock \Sil"lock\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The pollock, or coalfish.
Sillon \Sil"lon\, n. [F., a furrow.] (Fort.)
A work raised in the middle of a wide ditch, to defend it.
--Crabb.
Silly \Sil"ly\, a. [Compar. {Sillier}; superl. {Silliest}.] [OE.
seely, sely, AS. s?lig, ges?lig, happy, good, fr. s?l, s?l,
good, happy, s?l good fortune, happines; akin to OS.
s[=a]lig, a, good, happy, D. zalig blessed, G. selig, OHG.
s[=a]l[=i]g, Icel. s?l, Sw. s["a]ll, Dan. salig, Goth. s?ls
good, kind, and perh. also to L. sollus whole, entire, Gr.
???, Skr. sarva. Cf. {Seel}, n.]
1. Happy; fortunate; blessed. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. Harmless; innocent; inoffensive. [Obs.] ``This silly,
innocent Custance.'' --Chaucer.
The silly virgin strove him to withstand. --Spenser.
A silly, innocent hare murdered of a dog. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
3. Weak; helpless; frail. [Obs.]
After long storms . . . With which my silly bark was
tossed sore. --Spenser.
The silly buckets on the deck. --Coleridge.
4. Rustic; plain; simple; humble. [Obs.]
A fourth man, in a sillyhabit. --Shak.
All that did their silly thoughts so busy keep.
--Milton.
5. Weak in intellect; destitute of ordinary strength of mind;
foolish; witless; simple; as, a silly woman.
6. Proceeding from want of understanding or common judgment;
characterized by weakness or folly; unwise; absurd;
stupid; as, silly conduct; a silly question.
Syn: Simple; brainless; witless; shallow; foolish; unwise;
indiscreet. See {Simple}.
Sillyhow \Sil"ly*how\, n. [Prov. E. silly-hew; cf. AS. s[=ae]lig
happy, good, and h[=u]fe a cap, hood. See {Silly}, a.]
A caul. See {Caul}, n., 3. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Silo \Si"lo\, n. [F.]
A pit or vat for packing away green fodder for winter use so
as to exclude air and outside moisture. See {Ensilage}.
Silt \Silt\, n. [OE. silte gravel, fr. silen to drain, E. sile;
probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. sila, prob. akin to AS.
se['o]n to filter, s[=i]gan to fall, sink, cause to sink, G.
seihen to strain, to filter, OHG. sihan, Icel. s[=i]>a, Skr.
sic to pour; cf. Gr. ??? moisture. Cf. {Sig}, {Sile}.]
Mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water.
Silt \Silt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Silted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Silting}.]
To choke, fill, or obstruct with silt or mud.
Silt \Silt\, v. i.
To flow through crevices; to percolate.
Silty \Silt"y\, a.
Full of silt; resembling silt.
Silure \Si*lure"\, n. [L. silurus a sort of river fish, Gr. ???:
cf. F. silure.] (Zo["o]l.)
A fish of the genus {Silurus}, as the sheatfish; a siluroid.
Silurian \Si*lu"ri*an\, a. [From L. Silures, a people who
anciently inhabited a part of England and Wales.] (Geol.)
Of or pertaining to the country of the ancient Silures; -- a
term applied to the earliest of the Paleozoic eras, and also
to the strata of the era, because most plainly developed in
that country.
Note: The Silurian formation, so named by Murchison, is
divided into the Upper Silurian and Lower Silurian. The
lower part of the Lower Silurian, with some underlying
beds, is now separated under the name Cambrian, first
given by Sedwick. Recently the term Ordovician has been
proposed for the Lower Silurian, leawing the original
word to apply only to the Upper Silurian.
Silurian \Si*lu"ri*an\, n.
The Silurian age.
Siluridan \Si*lu"ri*dan\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any fish of the family {Silurid[ae]} or of the order
Siluroidei.
Siluroid \Si*lu"roid\, n. [Silurus + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to the Siluroidei, or Nematognathi, an order of
fishes including numerous species, among which are the
American catfishes and numerous allied fresh-water species of
the Old World, as the sheatfish ({Silurus glanis}) of Europe.
-- n. A siluroid fish.
Siluroidei \Sil`u*roi"de*i\, n. pl. [NL.] (zo["o]l.)
An order of fishes, the Nematognathi.
Silurus \Si*lu"rus\, n. [L. See {Silure}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of large malacopterygious fishes of the order
Siluroidei. They inhabit the inland waters of Europe and
Asia.
Silva \Sil"va\, n.; pl. E. {Silvas}, L. {Silvae}. [L., properly,
a wood, forest.] [Written also {sylva}.] (Bot.)
(a) The forest trees of a region or country, considered
collectively.
(b) A description or history of the forest trees of a
country.
Silvan \Sil"van\, a. [L. silva, less correctly sylva, a wood or
grove, perh. akin to Gr. "y`lh; cf. L. Silvanus Silvanus the
god of woods: cf. F. sylvain silvan. Cf. {Savage}.]
Of or pertaining to woods; composed of woods or groves;
woody. [Written also {sylvan}.]
Betwixt two rows of rocks, a silvan scene Appears
above, and groves forever green. --Dryden.
Silvan \Sil"van\, n. (Old Chem.)
See {Sylvanium}. [Obs.]
Silvanite \Sil"van*ite\, n. (Min.)
See {Sylvanite}.
Silvas \Sil"vas\or Selvas \Sel"vas\, n. pl. [L. silva a forest,
Sp. selva.]
Vast woodland plains of South America.
Silvate \Sil"vate\, n. (Chem.)
Same as {Sylvate}.
Silver \Sil"ver\, n. [OE. silver, selver, seolver, AS. seolfor,
siolfur, siolufr, silofr, sylofr; akin to OS. silubar,
OFries. selover, D. zilver, LG. sulver, OHG. silabar, silbar,
G. silber, Icel. silfr, Sw. silfver, Dan. s["o]lv, Goth.
silubr, Russ. serebro, Lith. sidabras; of unknown origin.]
1. (Chem.) A soft white metallic element, sonorous, ductile,
very malleable, and capable of a high degree of polish. It
is found native, and also combined with sulphur, arsenic,
antimony, chlorine, etc., in the minerals argentite,
proustite, pyrargyrite, ceragyrite, etc. Silver is one of
the ``noble'' metals, so-called, not being easily
oxidized, and is used for coin, jewelry, plate, and a
great variety of articles. Symbol Ag (Argentum). Atomic
weight 107.7. Specific gravity 10.5.
Note: Silver was known under the name of luna to the ancients
and also to the alchemists. Some of its compounds, as
the halogen salts, are remarkable for the effect of
light upon them, and are used in photography.
2. Coin made of silver; silver money.
3. Anything having the luster or appearance of silver.
4. The color of silver.
Note: Silver is used in the formation of many compounds of
obvious meaning; as, silver-armed, silver-bright,
silver-buskined, silver-coated, silver-footed,
silver-haired, silver-headed, silver-mantled,
silver-plated, silver-slippered, silver-sounding,
silver-studded, silver-tongued, silver-white. See
{Silver}, a.
{Black silver} (Min.), stephanite; -- called also {brittle
silver ore}, or {brittle silver glance}.
{Fulminating silver}. (Chem.)
(a) A black crystalline substance, {Ag2O.(NH3)2}, obtained
by dissolving silver oxide in aqua ammonia. When dry
it explodes violently on the slightest percussion.
(b) Silver fulminate, a white crystalline substance,
{Ag2C2N2O2}, obtained by adding alcohol to a solution
of silver nitrate. When dry it is violently explosive.
{German silver}. (Chem.) See under {German}.
{Gray silver}. (Min.) See {Freieslebenite}.
{Horn silver}. (Min.) See {Cerargyrite}.
{King's silver}. (O. Eng. Law) See {Postfine}.
{Red silver}, or {Ruby silver}. (Min.) See {Proustite}, and
{Pyrargyrite}.
{Silver beater}, one who beats silver into silver leaf or
silver foil.
{Silver glance}, or {Vitreous silver}. (Min.) See
{Argentine}.
Silver \Sil"ver\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to silver; made of silver; as, silver
leaf; a silver cup.
2. Resembling silver. Specifically:
(a) Bright; resplendent; white. ``Silver hair.'' --Shak.
Others, on silver lakes and rivers, bathed Their
downy breast. --Milton.
(b) Precious; costly.
(c) Giving a clear, ringing sound soft and clear. ``Silver
voices.'' --Spenser.
(d) Sweet; gentle; peaceful. ``Silver slumber.''
--Spenser.
{American silver fir} (Bot.), the balsam fir. See under
{Balsam}.
{Silver age} (Roman Lit.), the latter part (a. d. 14-180) of
the classical period of Latinity, -- the time of writers
of inferior purity of language, as compared with those of
the previous golden age, so-called.
{Silver-bell tree} (Bot.), an American shrub or small tree
({Halesia tetraptera}) with white bell-shaped flowers in
clusters or racemes; the snowdrop tree.
{Silver bush} (Bot.), a shrubby leguminous plant ({Anthyllis
Barba-Jovis}) of Southern Europe, having silvery foliage.
{Silver chub} (Zo["o]l.), the fallfish.
{Silver eel}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The cutlass fish.
(b) A pale variety of the common eel.
{Silver fir} (Bot.), a coniferous tree ({Abies pectinata})
found in mountainous districts in the middle and south of
Europe, where it often grows to the height of 100 or 150
feet. It yields Burgundy pitch and Strasburg turpentine.
{Silver foil}, foil made of silver.
{Silver fox} (Zo["o]l.), a variety of the common fox ({Vulpes
vulpes}, variety {argenteus}) found in the northern parts
of Asia, Europe, and America. Its fur is nearly black,
with silvery tips, and is highly valued. Called also
{black fox}, and {silver-gray fox}.
{Silver gar}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Billfish}
(a) .
{Silver grain} (Bot.), the lines or narrow plates of cellular
tissue which pass from the pith to the bark of an
exogenous stem; the medullary rays. In the wood of the oak
they are much larger than in that of the beech, maple,
pine, cherry, etc.
{Silver grebe} (Zo["o]l.), the red-throated diver. See
Illust. under {Diver}.
{Silver hake} (Zo["o]l.), the American whiting.
{Silver leaf}, leaves or sheets made of silver beaten very
thin.
{Silver lunge} (Zo["o]l.), the namaycush.
{Silver moonfish}.(Zo["o]l.) See {Moonfish}
(b) .
{Silver moth} (Zo["o]l.), a lepisma.
{Silver owl} (Zo["o]l.), the barn owl.
{Silver perch} (Zo["o]l.), the mademoiselle, 2.
{Silver pheasant} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
beautiful crested and long-tailed Asiatic pheasants, of
the genus {Euplocamus}. They have the tail and more or
less of the upper parts silvery white. The most common
species ({E. nychtemerus}) is native of China.
{Silver plate}, domestic utensils made of silver.
{Silver plover} (Zo["o]l.), the knot.
{Silver salmon} (Zo["o]l.), a salmon ({Oncorhynchus kisutch})
native of both coasts of the North Pacific. It ascends all
the American rivers as far south as the Sacramento. Called
also {kisutch}, {whitefish}, and {white salmon}.
{Silver shell} (Zo["o]l.), a marine bivalve of the genus
Anomia. See {Anomia}.
{Silver steel}, an alloy of steel with a very small
proportion of silver.
{Silver stick}, a title given to the title field officer of
the Life Guards when on duty at the palace. [Eng.]
--Thackeray.
{Silver tree} (Bot.), a South African tree ({Leucadendron
argenteum}) with long, silvery, silky leaves.
{Silver trout}, (Zo["o]l.) See {Trout}.
{Silver wedding}. See under {Wedding}.
{Silver whiting} (Zo["o]l.), a marine sci[ae]noid food fish
({Menticirrus littoralis}) native of the Southern United
States; -- called also {surf whiting}.
{Silver witch} (Zo["o]l.), A lepisma.
Silver \Sil"ver\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Silvered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Silvering}.]
1. To cover with silver; to give a silvery appearance to by
applying a metal of a silvery color; as, to silver a pin;
to silver a glass mirror plate with an amalgam of tin and
mercury.
2. To polish like silver; to impart a brightness to, like
that of silver.
And smiling calmness silvered o'er the deep. --Pope.
3. To make hoary, or white, like silver.
His head was silvered o'er with age. --Gay.
Silver \Sil"ver\, v. i.
To acquire a silvery color. [R.]
The eastern sky began to silver and shine. --L.
Wallace.
Silverback \Sil"ver*back`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The knot.
Silverberry \Sil"ver*ber`ry\, n. (Bot.)
A tree or shrub ({El[ae]agnus argentea}) with silvery foliage
and fruit. --Gray.
Silverbill \Sil"ver*bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An Old World finch of the genus {Minia}, as the {M.
Malabarica} of India, and {M. cantans} of Africa.
Silverboom \Sil"ver*boom`\, n. [D. zilver silver + boom tree.]
(Bot.)
See {Leucadendron}.
Silverfin \Sil"ver*fin`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small North American fresh-water cyprinoid fish ({Notropis
Whipplei}).
Silverfish \Sil"ver*fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The tarpum.
(b) A white variety of the goldfish.
Silver-gray \Sil"ver-gray`\, a.
Having a gray color with a silvery luster; as, silver-gray
hair.
Silveriness \Sil"ver*i*ness\, n.
The state of being silvery.
Silvering \Sil"ver*ing\, n. (Metal.)
The art or process of covering metals, wood, paper, glass,
etc., with a thin film of metallic silver, or a substance
resembling silver; also, the firm do laid on; as, the
silvering of a glass speculum.
Silverize \Sil"ver*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Silverized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Silverizing}.]
To cover with silver.
Silverless \Sil"ver*less\, a.
Having no silcver; hence, without money; impecunious. --Piers
Plowman.
Silverling \Sil"ver*ling\, n.
A small silver coin. [Obs.]
A thousand vines at a thousand silverings. --Isa. vii.
23.
Silverly \Sil"ver*ly\, adv.
Like silver in appearance or in sound.
Let me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth
progress on thy cheeks. --Shak.
Silvern \Sil"vern\, a. [AS. seolfern, sylfren.]
Made of silver. [Archaic.] --Wyclif (Acts xix. 24).
Speech is silvern; silence is golden. --Old Proverb.
Silversides \Sil"ver*sides`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of small fishes of the family
{Atherinid[ae]}, having a silvery stripe along each side of
the body. The common species of the American coast ({Menidia
notata}) is very abundant. Called also {silverside}, {sand
smelt}, {friar}, {tailor}, and {tinker}.
{Brook silversides} (Zo["o]l.), a small fresh-water North
American fish ({Labadesthes sicculus}) related to the
marine silversides.
Silversmith \Sil"ver*smith`\, n.
One whose occupation is to manufacture utensils, ornaments,
etc., of silver; a worker in silver.
Silverspot \Sil"ver*spot`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of butterflies of the genus
{Argynnis} and allied genera, having silvery spots on the
under side of the wings. See Illust. under {Aphrodite}.
Silverware \Sil"ver*ware`\, n.
Dishes, vases, ornaments, and utensils of various sorts, made
of silver.
Silverweed \Sil"ver*weed`\, n. (Bot.)
A perennial rosaceous herb ({Potentilla Anserina}) having the
leaves silvery white beneath.
Silvery \Sil"ver*y\, a.
1. Resembling, or having the luster of, silver; grayish white
and lustrous; of a mild luster; bright.
All the enameled race, whose silvery wing Waves to
the tepid zephyrs of the spring. --Pope.
2. Besprinkled or covered with silver.
3. Having the clear, musical tone of silver; soft and clear
in sound; as, silvery voices; a silvery laugh.
{Silvery iron} (Metal.), a peculiar light-gray fine-grained
cast iron, usually obtained from clay iron ore.
Silviculture \Sil"vi*cul`ture\, n. [Cf. F. silviculture.]
See {Sylviculture}.
Sima \Si"ma\, n. (Arch.)
A cyma.
Simagre \Sim"a*gre\, n. [F. simagr['e]e.]
A grimace. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Simar \Si*mar"\, n. [F. simarre. See {Chimere}.]
A woman's long dress or robe; also light covering; a scarf.
[Written also {cimar}, {cymar}, {samare}, {simare}.]
Simarre \Si`marre"\ [F.]
See {Simar}. --Sir W. Scott.
Simblot \Sim"blot\, n. [F. simbleau.]
The harness of a drawloom.
Simia \Sim"i*a\, n. [L., an ape; cf. simus flatnosed,
snub-nosed, Gr. ???.] (Zo["o]l.)
A Linn[ae]an genus of Quadrumana which included the types of
numerous modern genera. By modern writers it is usually
restricted to the genus which includes the orang-outang.
Simial \Sim"i*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Simian; apelike.
Simian \Sim"i*an\, a. [L. simia an ape.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the family {Simiad[ae]}, which, in its
widest sense, includes all the Old World apes and monkeys;
also, apelike. -- n. Any Old World monkey or ape.
Similar \Sim"i*lar\, a. [F. similaire, fr. L. similis like,
similar. See {Same}, a., and cf. {Simulate}.]
1. Exactly corresponding; resembling in all respects;
precisely like.
2. Nearly corresponding; resembling in many respects;
somewhat like; having a general likeness.
3. Homogenous; uniform. [R.] --Boyle.
{Similar figures} (Geom.), figures which differ from each
other only in magnitude, being made up of the same number
of like parts similarly situated.
{Similar rectilineal figures}, such as have their several
angles respectively equal, each to each, and their sides
about the equal angles proportional.
{Similar solids}, such as are contained by the same number of
similar planes, similarly situated, and having like
inclination to one another.
Similar \Sim"i*lar\, n.
That which is similar to, or resembles, something else, as in
quality, form, etc.
Similarity \Sim`i*lar"i*ty\, n.; pl. {-ties}. [Cf. F.
similarit['e].]
The quality or state of being similar; likeness; resemblance;
as, a similarity of features.
Hardly is there a similarity detected between two or
three facts, than men hasten to extend it to all. --Sir
W. Hamilton.
Similarly \Sim"i*lar*ly\, adv.
In a similar manner.
Similary \Sim"i*lar*y\, a.
Similar. [Obs.]
Rhyming cadences of similarly words. --South.
Similative \Sim"i*la*tive\, a.
Implying or indicating likeness or resemblance. [R.]
In similative or instrumental relation to a pa. pple.
[past participle], as almond-leaved, -scented, etc.
--New English
Dict.
Simile \Simi"*le\, n.; pl. {Similes}. [L., from similis. See
{Similar}.] (Rhet.)
A word or phrase by which anything is likened, in one or more
of its aspects, to something else; a similitude; a poetical
or imaginative comparison.
A good swift simile, but something currish. --Shak.
Similiter \Si*mil"i*ter\, n. [L., in like manner.] (Law)
The technical name of the form by which either party, in
pleading, accepts the issue tendered by his opponent; --
called sometimes a {joinder in issue}.
Similitude \Si*mil"i*tude\, n. [F. similitude, L. similitudo,
from similis similar. See {Similar}.]
1. The quality or state of being similar or like;
resemblance; likeness; similarity; as, similitude of
substance. --Chaucer.
Let us make now man in our image, man In our
similitude. --Milton.
If fate some future bard shall join In sad
similitude of griefs to mine. --Pope.
2. The act of likening, or that which likens, one thing to
another; fanciful or imaginative comparison; a simile.
Tasso, in his similitudes, never departed from the
woods; that is, all his comparisons were taken from
the country. --Dryden.
3. That which is like or similar; a representation,
semblance, or copy; a facsimile.
Man should wed his similitude. --Chaucer.
Similitudinary \Si*mil`i*tu"di*na*ry\, a.
Involving or expressing similitude. [Obs.] --Coke.
Similize \Sim"i*lize\, v. t.
To liken; to compare; as, to similize a person, thing, or
act. --Lowell.
Similor \Sim"i*lor\, n. [F., fr. L. similus similar + F. or
gold, L. aurum. Cf. {Semilor}.]
An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, but of a
golden color. --Ure.
Semious \Sem"i*ous\, a.[L. simia an ape.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Sim?; monkeylike.
That strange simious, schoolboy passion of giving pain
to others. --Sydney
Smith.
Simitar \Sim"i*tar\, n.
See {Scimiter}.
Simmer \Sim"mer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Simmered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Simmering}.] [Prov. E. also simper; -- an onomatopoetic
word.]
To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing; to begin to boil.
I simmer as liquor doth on the fire before it beginneth
to boil. --Palsgrave.
Simmer \Sim"mer\, v. t.
To cause to boil gently; to cook in liquid heated almost or
just to the boiling point.
Simnel \Sim"nel\, n. [OF. simenel cake or bread of wheat flour,
LL. simenellus wheat bread, fr. L. simila the finest wheat
flour. Cf. {Semolina}.]
1. A kind of cake made of fine flour; a cracknel. [Obs.]
Not common bread, but vastel bread, or simnels.
--Fuller.
2. A kind of rich plum cake, eaten especially on Mid-Lent
Sunday. [Eng.] --Herrick.
Simoniac \Si*mo"ni*ac\, n. [LL. simoniacus. See {Simony}.]
One who practices simony, or who buys or sells preferment in
the church. --Ayliffe.
Simoniacal \Sim`o*ni"a*cal\, a.
Of or pertaining to simony; guilty of simony; consisting of
simony. -- {Sim"o*ni`a*cal*ly}, adv.
The flagitious profligacy of their lives, and the
simoniacal arts by which they grasped at the popedom.
--J. S.
Harford.
Simonial \Si*mo"ni*al\, a.
Simoniacal. [Obs.]
Simonian \Si*mo"ni*an\, n.[See {Simony}.]
One of the followers of Simon Magus; also, an adherent of
certain heretical sects in the early Christian church.
Simonious \Si*mo"ni*ous\, a.
Simoniacal. [Obs.] --Milton.
Simonist \Sim"o*nist\, n.
One who practices simony.
Simony \Sim"o*ny\, n. [F. simonie, LL. simonia, fr. Simon Magus,
who wished to purchase the power of conferring the Holy
Spirit. Acts viii.]
The crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment; the
corrupt presentation of any one to an ecclesiastical benefice
for money or reward. --Piers Plowman.
Simoom \Si*moom"\, Simoon \Si*moon"\, n. [Ar. sam?m, fr. samma
to poison. Cf. {Samiel}.]
A hot, dry, suffocating, dust-laden wind, that blows
occasionally in Arabia, Syria, and neighboring countries,
generated by the extreme heat of the parched deserts or sandy
plains.
Simous \Si"mous\, a.[L. simus, Gr. ???.]
Having a very flat or snub nose, with the end turned up.
Simpai \Sim"pai\, n.[Malay simpei.] (Zo["o]l.)
A long-tailed monkey ({Semnopitchecus melalophus}) native of
Sumatra. It has a crest of black hair. The forehead and
cheeks are fawn color, the upper parts tawny and red, the
under parts white. Called also {black-crested monkey}, and
{sinp[ae]}.
Simper \Sim"per\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Simpered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Simpering}.] [Cf. Norw. semper fine, smart, dial. Dan.
semper, simper, affected, coy, prudish, OSw. semper one who
affectedly refrains from eating, Sw. sipp finical, prim, LG.
sipp.]
1. To smile in a silly, affected, or conceited manner.
Behold yond simpering dame. --Shak.
With a made countenance about her mouth, between
simpering and smiling. --ir. P.
Sidney.
2. To glimmer; to twinkle. [Obs.]
Yet can I mark how stars above Simper and shine.
--Herbert.
Simper \Sim"per\, n.
A constrained, self-conscious smile; an affected, silly
smile; a smirk.
The conscious simper, and the jealous leer. --Pope.
Simperer \Sim"per*er\, n.
One who simpers. --Sir W. Scott.
A simperer that a court affords. --T. Nevile.
Simpering \Sim"per*ing\,
a. &. n. from {Simper}, v.
Simperingly \Sim"per*ing*ly\, adv.
In a simpering manner.
Simple \Sim"ple\, a. [Compar. {Simpler}; superl. {Simplest}.]
[F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first
part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the
sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one
to each, single. Cg. {Single}, a., {Same}, a., and for the
last part of the word cf. {Double}, {Complex}.]
1. Single; not complex; not infolded or entangled;
uncombined; not compounded; not blended with something
else; not complicated; as, a simple substance; a simple
idea; a simple sound; a simple machine; a simple problem;
simple tasks.
2. Plain; unadorned; as, simple dress. ``Simple truth.''
--Spenser. ``His simple story.'' --Burns.
3. Mere; not other than; being only.
A medicine . . . whose simple touch Is powerful to
araise King Pepin. --Shak.
4. Not given to artifice, stratagem, or duplicity;
undesigning; sincere; true.
Full many fine men go upon my score, as simple as I
stand here, and I trust them. --Marston.
Must thou trust Tradition's simple tongue? --Byron.
To be simple is to be great. --Emerson.
5. Artless in manner; unaffected; unconstrained; natural;
inartificial;; straightforward.
In simple manners all the secret lies. --Young.
6. Direct; clear; intelligible; not abstruse or enigmatical;
as, a simple statement; simple language.
7. Weak in intellect; not wise or sagacious; of but moderate
understanding or attainments; hence, foolish; silly. ``You
have simple wits.'' --Shak.
The simple believeth every word; but the prudent man
looketh well to his going. --Prov. xiv.
15.
8. Not luxurious; without much variety; plain; as, a simple
diet; a simple way of living.
Thy simple fare and all thy plain delights.
--Cowper.
9. Humble; lowly; undistinguished.
A simple husbandman in garments gray. --Spenser.
Clergy and laity, male and female, gentle and simple
made the fuel of the same fire. --Fuller.
10. (BOt.) Without subdivisions; entire; as, a simple stem; a
simple leaf.
11. (Chem.) Not capable of being decomposed into anything
more simple or ultimate by any means at present known;
elementary; thus, atoms are regarded as simple bodies.
Cf. {Ultimate}, a.
Note: A simple body is one that has not as yet been
decomposed. There are indications that many of our
simple elements are still compound bodies, though their
actual decomposition into anything simpler may never be
accomplished.
12. (Min.) Homogenous.
13. (Zo["o]l.) Consisting of a single individual or zooid;
as, a simple ascidian; -- opposed to compound.
{Simple contract} (Law), any contract, whether verbal or
written, which is not of record or under seal. --J. W.
Smith. --Chitty.
{Simple equation} (Alg.), an eqyation containing but one
unknown quantity, and that quantity only in the first
degree.
{Simple eye} (Zo["o]l.), an eye having a single lens; --
opposed to {compound eye}.
{Simple interest}. See under {Interest}.
{Simple larceny}. (Law) See under {Larceny}.
{Simple obligation} (Rom. Law), an obligation which does not
depend for its execution upon any event provided for by
the parties, or is not to become void on the happening of
any such event. --Burrill.
Syn: Single; uncompounded; unmingled; unmixed; mere;
uncombined; elementary; plain; artless; sincere;
harmless; undesigning; frank; open; unaffected;
inartificial; unadorned; credulous; silly; foolish;
shallow; unwise.
Usage: {Simple}, {Silly}. One who is simple is sincere,
unaffected, and inexperienced in duplicity, -- hence
liable to be duped. A silly person is one who is
ignorant or weak and also self-confident; hence, one
who shows in speech and act a lack of good sense.
Simplicity is incompatible with duplicity, artfulness,
or vanity, while silliness is consistent with all
three. Simplicity denotes lack of knowledge or of
guile; silliness denotes want of judgment or right
purpose, a defect of character as well as of
education.
I am a simple woman, much too weak To oppose
your cunning. --Shak.
He is the companion of the silliest people in
their most silly pleasure; he is ready for every
impertinent entertainment and diversion. --Law.
Simple \Sim"ple\, n. [F. See {Simple}, a.]
1. Something not mixed or compounded. ``Compounded of many
simples.'' --Shak.
2. (Med.) A medicinal plant; -- so called because each
vegetable was supposed to possess its particular virtue,
and therefore to constitute a simple remedy.
What virtue is in this remedy lies in the naked
simple itself as it comes over from the Indies.
--Sir W.
Temple.
3. (Weaving)
(a) A drawloom.
(b) A part of the apparatus for raising the heddles of a
drawloom.
4. (R. C. Ch.) A feast which is not a double or a semidouble.
Simple \Sim"ple\, v. i.
To gather simples, or medicinal plants.
As simpling on the flowery hills she [Circe] strayed.
--Garth.
Simple-hearted \Sim"ple-heart`ed\, a.
Sincere; inguenuous; guileless. --Sir W. Scott.
Simple-minded \Sim"ple-mind`ed\, a.
Artless; guileless; simple-hearted; undesigning;
unsuspecting; devoid of duplicity. --Blackstone. --
{Sim"ple-mind`ed*ness}, n.
Simpleness \Sim"ple*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being simple; simplicity. --Shak.
Simpler \Sim"pler\, n.
One who collects simples, or medicinal plants; a herbalist; a
simplist.
{Simpler's joy}. (Bot.) Vervain.
Simpless \Sim"pless\, n. [F. simplesse.]
Simplicity; silliness. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Simpleton \Sim"ple*ton\, n. [Cf. F. simplet, It. semplicione.]
A person of weak intellect; a silly person.
Simplician \Sim*pli"cian\, n. [Cf. OF. simplicien.]
One who is simple. [Obs.] --Arnway.
Simplicity \Sim*plic"i*ty\, n. [F. simplicit['e], L.
simplicitas. See {Simple}.]
1. The quality or state of being simple, unmixed, or
uncompounded; as, the simplicity of metals or of earths.
2. The quality or state of being not complex, or of
consisting of few parts; as, the simplicity of a machine.
3. Artlessness of mind; freedom from cunning or duplicity;
lack of acuteness and sagacity.
Marquis Dorset, a man, for his harmless simplicity
neither misliked nor much regarded. --Hayward.
In wit a man; simplicity a child. --Pope.
4. Freedom from artificial ornament, pretentious style, or
luxury; plainness; as, simplicity of dress, of style, or
of language; simplicity of diet; simplicity of life.
5. Freedom from subtlety or abstruseness; clearness; as, the
simplicity of a doctrine; the simplicity of an explanation
or a demonstration.
6. Weakness of intellect; silliness; folly.
How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity?
and the scorners delight in their scorning? --Prov.
i. 22.
Simplification \Sim`pli*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. simplification.]
The act of simplifying. --A. Smith.
Simplify \Sim"pli*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Simplified}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Simplifying}.] [Cf. F. simplifier, LL.
simplificare. See {Simple}, and {-fy}.]
To make simple; to make less complex; to make clear by giving
the explanation for; to show an easier or shorter process for
doing or making.
The collection of duties is drawn to a point, and so
far simplified. --A. Hamilton.
It is important, in scientific pursuits, to be caitious
in simplifying our deductions. --W.
Nicholson.
Simplist \Sim"plist\, n.
One skilled in simples, or medicinal plants; a simpler. --Sir
T. Browne.
Simplistic \Sim*plis"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to simples, or a simplist. [R.] --Wilkinson.
Simplity \Sim"pli*ty\, n.
Simplicity. [Obs.]
Simploce \Sim"plo*ce\, n. (Gram.)
See {Symploce}.
Simply \Sim"ply\, adv.
1. In a simple manner or state; considered in or by itself;
without addition; along; merely; solely; barely.
[They] make that now good or evil, . . . which
otherwise of itself were not simply the one or the
other. --Hooker.
Simply the thing I am Shall make me live. --Shak.
2. Plainly; without art or subtlety.
Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise By simply
meek. --Milton.
3. Weakly; foolishly. --Johnson.
Simulacher \Sim"u*la`cher\, Simulachre \Sim"u*la`chre\, n. [Cf.
F. simulacre.]
See {Simulacrum}. [Obs.]
Simulacrum \Sim`u*la"crum\, n.; pl. {Simulacra}. [L. See
{Simulate}.]
A likeness; a semblance; a mock appearance; a sham; -- now
usually in a derogatory sense.
Beneath it nothing but a great simulacrum. --Thackeray.
Simular \Sim"u*lar\, n. [Cf. L. simulator, F. simulateur. See
{Simulate}.]
One who pretends to be what he is not; one who, or that
which, simulates or counterfeits something; a pretender.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Christ calleth the Pharisees hypocrites, that is to
say, simulars, and painted sepulchers. --Tyndale.
Simular \Sim"u*lar\, a.
False; specious; counterfeit. [R. & Obs.] ``Thou simular man
of virtue.'' --Shak.
Simulate \Sim"u*late\, a. [L. simulatus, p. p. of simulare to
simulate; akin to simul at the same time, together, similis
like. See {Similar}, and cf. {Dissemble}, {Semblance}.]
Feigned; pretended. --Bale.
Simulate \Sim"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Simulated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Simulating}.]
To assume the mere appearance of, without the reality; to
assume the signs or indications of, falsely; to counterfeit;
to feign.
The Puritans, even in the depths of the dungeons to
which she had sent them, prayed, and with no simulated
fervor, that she might be kept from the dagger of the
assassin. --Macaulay.
Simulation \Sim`u*la"tion\, n. [F. simulation, L. simulatio.]
The act of simulating, or assuming an appearance which is
feigned, or not true; -- distinguished from dissimulation,
which disguises or conceals what is true.
Syn: Counterfeiting; feint; pretense.
Simulator \Sim"u*la`tor\, n. [L.]
One who simulates, or feigns. -- De Quincey.
Simulatory \Sim"u*la*to*ry\, a.
Simulated, or capable of being simulated. --Bp. Hall.
Simultaneity \Si`mul*ta*ne"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being simultaneous; simultaneousness.
Simultaneous \Si`mul*ta"ne*ous\, a. [LL. simultim at the same
time, fr. L. simul. See {Simulate}.]
Existing, happening, or done, at the same time; as,
simultaneous events. -- {Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ness}, n.
{Simultaneous equations} (Alg.), two or more equations in
which the values of the unknown quantities entering them
are the same at the same time in both or in all.
Simulty \Sim"ul*ty\, n. [L. simultas a hostile encounter,
drudge, originally, a (hostile) coming together, fr. simul
together: cf. OF. simult['e].]
Private grudge or quarrel; as, domestic simulties. [Obs.]
--B. Jonson.
Sin \Sin\, adv., prep., & conj.
Old form of {Since}. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Sin that his lord was twenty year of age. --Chaucer.
Sin \Sin\, n. [OE. sinne, AS. synn, syn; akin to D. zonde, OS.
sundia, OHG. sunta, G. s["u]nde, Icel., Dan. & Sw. synd, L.
sons, sontis, guilty, perhaps originally from the p. pr. of
the verb signifying, to be, and meaning, the one who it is.
Cf. {Authentic}, {Sooth}.]
1. Transgression of the law of God; disobedience of the
divine command; any violation of God's will, either in
purpose or conduct; moral deficiency in the character;
iniquity; as, sins of omission and sins of commission.
Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin.
--John viii.
34.
Sin is the transgression of the law. --1 John iii.
4.
I think 't no sin. To cozen him that would unjustly
win. --Shak.
Enthralled By sin to foul, exorbitant desires.
--Milton.
2. An offense, in general; a violation of propriety; a
misdemeanor; as, a sin against good manners.
I grant that poetry's a crying sin. --Pope.
3. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin.
--2 Cor. v.
21.
4. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person. [R.]
Thy ambition, Thou scarlet sin, robbed this
bewailing land Of noble Buckingham. --Shak.
Note: Sin is used in the formation of some compound words of
obvious signification; as, sin-born; sin-bred,
sin-oppressed, sin-polluted, and the like.
{Actual sin},
{Canonical sins},
{Original sin},
{Venial sin}. See under {Actual}, {Canonical}, etc.
{Deadly}, or
{Mortal},
{sins} (R. C. Ch.), willful and deliberate transgressions,
which take away divine grace; -- in distinction from
vental sins. The seven deadly sins are pride,
covetousness, lust, wrath, gluttony, envy, and sloth.
{Sin eater}, a man who (according to a former practice in
England) for a small gratuity ate a piece of bread laid on
the chest of a dead person, whereby he was supposed to
have taken the sins of the dead person upon himself.
{Sin offering}, a sacrifice for sin; something offered as an
expiation for sin.
Syn: Iniquity; wickedness; wrong. See {Crime}.
Sin \Sin\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sinned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sinning}.] [OE. sinnen, singen, sinegen, AS. syngian. See
{Sin}, n.]
1. To depart voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by
God to man; to violate the divine law in any particular,
by actual transgression or by the neglect or nonobservance
of its injunctions; to violate any known rule of duty; --
often followed by against.
Against thee, thee only, have I sinned. --Ps. li. 4.
All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God.
--Rom. iii.
23.
2. To violate human rights, law, or propriety; to commit an
offense; to trespass; to transgress.
I am a man More sinned against than sinning. --Shak.
Who but wishes to invert the laws Of order, sins
against the eternal cause. --Pope.
Sinaic \Si*na"ic\, Sinaitic \Si`na*it"ic\, a. [From Mount
Sinai.]
Of or pertaining to Mount Sinai; given or made at Mount
Sinai; as, the Sinaitic law.
{Sinaitic manuscript}, a fourth century Greek manuscript of
the part Bible, discovered at Mount Sinai (the greater
part of it in 1859) by Tisschendorf, a German Biblical
critic; -- called also {Codex Sinaiticus}.
Sinalbin \Sin*al"bin\, n. [From L. Sinapis + alba.] (Chem.)
A glucoside found in the seeds of white mustard ({Brassica
alba}, formerly {Sinapis alba}), and extracted as a white
crystalline substance.
Sinamine \Sin*am"ine\, n. [Sinapis + melamine.] (Chem.)
A bitter white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained
indirectly from oil of mustard and ammonia; -- called also
{allyl melamine}.
Sinapate \Sin"a*pate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sinapic acid.
Sinapic \Sin"a*pic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to sinapine; specifically, designating an
acid ({C11H12O5}) related to gallic acid, and obtained by the
decomposition of sinapine, as a white crystalline substance.
Sinapine \Sin"a*pine\, n. [L. sinapi, sinapis, mustard, Gr. ???:
cf. F. sinapine.] (Chem.)
An alkaloid occuring in the seeds of mustard. It is
extracted, in combination with sulphocyanic acid, as a white
crystalline substance, having a hot, bitter taste. When
sinapine is isolated it is unstable and undergoes
decomposition.
Sinapis \Si*na"pis\, n. [L.] (Bot.)
A disused generic name for mustard; -- now called {Brassica}.
Sinapisin \Sin"a*pis`in\, n. (Chem.)
A substance extracted from mustard seed and probably
identical with sinalbin. [Obs.]
Sinapism \Sin"a*pism\, n. [L. sinapismus, Gr. ????, the use of a
mustard blister, fr. ??? to apply a mustard blister, fr. ????
mustard.] (Med.)
A plaster or poultice composed principally of powdered
mustard seed, or containing the volatile oil of mustard seed.
It is a powerful irritant.
Sinapoleic \Sin`a*po*le"ic\, a. [Sinapis + oleic.] (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to mustard oil; specifically, designating an
acid of the oleic acid series said to occur in mistard oil.
Sinapoline \Si*nap"o*line\, n. [Sinapis + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
A nitrogenous base, {CO.(NH.C3H5)2}, related to urea,
extracted from mustard oil, and also produced artifically, as
a white crystalline substance; -- called also {diallyl urea}.
Sincaline \Sin"ca*line\, n. [So called because obtained by the
action of alkalies on sinapine.] (Chem.)
Choline. [Written also {sinkaline}.]
Since \Since\ (s[i^]ns), adv. [For sins, contr. fr. OE. sithens,
sithenes, formed by an adverbial ending (cf. {Besides}) from
OE. sithen, also shortened into sithe, sin, AS.
si[eth][eth]an, sy[eth][eth]an, seo[eth][eth]an, afterward,
then, since, after; properly, after that; fr. s[=i][eth]
after, later, adv. and prep. (originally a comparative adv.,
akin to OS. s[=i][eth] afterward, since, OHG. s[=i]d, G. seit
since, Goth. sei[thorn]us late, ni [thorn]anasei[thorn]s no
longer) + [eth]on instrumental of the demonstrative and
article. See {That}.]
1. From a definite past time until now; as, he went a month
ago, and I have not seen him since. [1913 Webster]
We since become the slaves to one man's lust. --B.
Jonson.
2. In the time past, counting backward from the present;
before this or now; ago.
How many ages since has Virgil writ? --Roscommon.
About two years since, it so fell out, that he was
brought to a great lady's house. --Sir P.
Sidney.
3. When or that. [Obs.]
Do you remember since we lay all night in the
windmill in St. George's field? --Shak.
Since \Since\, prep.
From the time of; in or during the time subsequent to;
subsequently to; after; -- usually with a past event or time
for the object.
The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. --Gen.
xxx. 30.
I have a model by which he build a nobler poem than any
extant since the ancients. --Dryden.
Since \Since\, conj.
Seeing that; because; considering; -- formerly followed by
that.
Since that my penitence comes after all, Imploring
pardon. --Shak.
Since truth and constancy are vain, Since neither love,
nor sense of pain, Nor force of reason, can persuade,
Then let example be obeyed. --Granville.
Syn: Because; for; as; inasmuch as; considering. See
{Because}.
Sincere \Sin*cere"\, a. [Compar. {Sincerer}; superl.
{Sincerest}.] [L. sincerus, of uncertain origin; the first
part perhaps akin to sin- in singuli (see {Single}), and the
second to cernere to separate (cf. {Discern}): cf. F.
sinc[`e]re.]
1. Pure; unmixed; unadulterated.
There is no sincere acid in any animal juice.
--Arbuthnot.
A joy which never was sincere till now. --Dryden.
2. Whole; perfect; unhurt; uninjured. [Obs.]
The inviolable body stood sincere. --Dryden.
3. Being in reality what it appears to be; having a character
which corresponds with the appearance; not falsely
assumed; genuine; true; real; as, a sincere desire for
knowledge; a sincere contempt for meanness.
A sincere intention of pleasing God in all our
actions. --Law.
4. Honest; free from hypocrisy or dissimulation; as, a
sincere friend; a sincere person.
The more sincere you are, the better it will fare
with you at the great day of account. --Waterland.
Syn: Honest; unfeigned; unvarnished; real; true; unaffected;
inartificial; frank; upright. See {Hearty}.
Sincerely \Sin*cere"ly\, adv.
In a sincere manner. Specifically:
(a) Purely; without alloy. --Milton.
(b) Honestly; unfeignedly; without dissimulation; as, to
speak one's mind sincerely; to love virtue sincerely.
Sincereness \Sin*cere"ness\, n.
Same as {Sincerity}. --Beau. & Fl.
Sincerity \Sin*cer"i*ty\, n. [L. sinceritas: cf. F.
sinc['e]rit['e].]
The quality or state of being sincere; honesty of mind or
intention; freedom from simulation, hypocrisy, disguise, or
false pretense; sincereness.
I protest, in the sincerity of love. --Shak.
Sincerity is a duty no less plain than important.
--Knox.
Sinch \Sinch\, n. [See {Cinch}.]
A saddle girth made of leather, canvas, woven horsehair, or
woven grass. [Western U.S.]
Sinch \Sinch\, v. t.
To gird with a sinch; to tighten the sinch or girth of (a
saddle); as, to sinch up a sadle. [Western U.S.]
Sincipital \Sin*cip"i*tal\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sinciput; being in the region of the
sinciput.
Sinciput \Sin"ci*put\, n. [L., half a head; semihalf + caput the
head.]
1. (Anat.) The fore part of the head.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The part of the head of a bird between the base
of the bill and the vertex.
Sindon \Sin"don\, n. [L., a kind of fine Indian cotton stuff,
Gr. ???.]
1. A wrapper. [Obs.] ``Wrapped in sindons of linen.''
--Bacon.
2. (Surg.) A small rag or pledget introduced into the hole in
the cranium made by a trephine. --Dunglison.
Sine \Sine\, n. [LL. sinus a sine, L. sinus bosom, used in
translating the Ar. jaib, properly, bosom, but probably read
by mistake (the consonants being the same) for an original
j[=i]ba sine, from Skr. j[=i]va bowstring, chord of an arc,
sine.] (Trig.)
(a) The length of a perpendicular drawn from one extremity
of an arc of a circle to the diameter drawn through
the other extremity.
(b) The perpendicular itself. See {Sine of angle}, below.
{Artificial sines}, logarithms of the natural sines, or
logarithmic sines.
{Curve of sines}. See {Sinusoid}.
{Natural sines}, the decimals expressing the values of the
sines, the radius being unity.
{Sine of an angle}, in a circle whose radius is unity, the
sine of the arc that measures the angle; in a right-angled
triangle, the side opposite the given angle divided by the
hypotenuse. See {Trigonometrical function}, under
{Function}.
{Versed sine}, that part of the diameter between the sine and
the arc.
Sine \Si"ne\, prep. [L.]
Without.
Sinecural \Si"ne*cu`ral\, a.
Of or pertaining to a sinecure; being in the nature of a
sinecure.
Sinecure \Si`ne*cure\, n. [L. sine without + cura care, LL., a
cure. See {Cure}.]
1. An ecclesiastical benefice without the care of souls.
--Ayliffe.
2. Any office or position which requires or involves little
or no responsibility, labor, or active service.
A lucrative sinecure in the Excise. --Macaulay.
Sinecure \Si"ne*cure\, v. t.
To put or place in a sinecure.
Sinecurism \Si"ne*cu*rism\, n.
The state of having a sinecure.
Sinecurist \Si"ne*cu*rist\, n.
One who has a sinecure.
Sinew \Sin"ew\, n. [OE. sinewe, senewe, AS. sinu, seonu; akin to
D. zenuw, OHG. senawa, G. sehne, Icel. sin, Sw. sena, Dan.
sene; cf. Skr. sn[=a]va. [root]290.]
1. (Anat.) A tendon or tendonous tissue. See {Tendon}.
2. Muscle; nerve. [R.] --Sir J. Davies.
3. Fig.: That which supplies strength or power.
The portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage
dowry. --Shak.
The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly
be called the sinews of war. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Note: Money alone is often called the sinews of war.
Sinew \Sin"ew\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sinewed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sinewing}.]
To knit together, or make strong with, or as with, sinews.
--Shak.
Wretches, now stuck up for long tortures . . . might,
if properly treated, serve to sinew the state in time
of danger. --Goldsmith.
Sinewed \Sin"ewed\, a.
1. Furnished with sinews; as, a strong-sinewed youth.
2. Fig.: Equipped; strengthened.
When he sees Ourselves well sinewed to our defense.
--Shak.
Sinewiness \Sin"ew*i*ness\, n.
Quality of being sinewy.
Sinewish \Sin"ew*ish\, a.
Sinewy. [Obs.] --Holinshed.
Sinewless \Sin"ew*less\, a.
Having no sinews; hence, having no strength or vigor.
Sinewous \Sin"ew*ous\, a.
Sinewy. [Obs.] --Holinshed.
Sinew-shrunk \Sin"ew-shrunk`\, a. (Far.)
Having the sinews under the belly shrunk by excessive
fatigue.
Sinewy \Sin"ew*y\, a.
1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, a sinew or
sinews.
The sinewy thread my brain lets fall. --Donne.
2. Well braced with, or as if with, sinews; nervous;
vigorous; strong; firm; tough; as, the sinewy Ajax.
A man whose words . . . were so close and sinewy.
--Hare.
Sinful \Sin"ful\, a. [AAS. synfull.]
Tainted with, or full of, sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal;
unholy; as, sinful men; sinful thoughts. --Piers Plowman.
Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity. --Isa.
i. 4.
-- {Sin"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Sin"ful*ness}, n.
Sing \Sing\, v. i. [imp. {Sung}or {Sang}; p. p. {Sung}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Singing}.] [AS. singan; akin to D. zingen, OS. & OHG.
singan, G. singen, Icel. syngja, Sw. sjunga, Dan. synge,
Goth. siggwan, and perhaps to E. say, v.t., or cf. Gr. ???
voice. Cf. {Singe}, {Song}.]
1. To utter sounds with musical inflections or melodious
modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according
to the notes of a song or tune, or of a given part (as
alto, tenor, etc.) in a chorus or concerted piece.
The noise of them that sing do I hear. --Ex. xxxii.
18.
2. To utter sweet melodious sounds, as birds do.
On every bough the briddes heard I sing. --Chaucer.
Singing birds, in silver cages hung. --Dryden.
3. To make a small, shrill sound; as, the air sings in
passing through a crevice.
O'er his head the flying spear Sang innocent, and
spent its force in air. --Pope.
4. To tell or relate something in numbers or verse; to
celebrate something in poetry. --Milton.
Bid her . . . sing Of human hope by cross event
destroyed. --Prior.
5. Ti cry out; to complain. [Obs.]
They should sing if thet they were bent. --Chaucer.
Sing \Sing\, v. t.
1. To utter with musical infections or modulations of voice.
And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God,
and the song of the Lamb. --Rev. xv. 3.
And in the darkness sing your carol of high praise.
--Keble.
2. To celebrate is song; to give praises to in verse; to
relate or rehearse in numbers, verse, or poetry. --Milton.
Arms and the man I sing. --Dryden.
The last, the happiest British king, Whom thou shalt
paint or I shall sing. --Addison.
3. To influence by singing; to lull by singing; as, to sing a
child to sleep.
4. To accompany, or attend on, with singing.
I heard them singing home the bride. --Longfellow.
Singe \Singe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Singed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Singeing}.] [OE. sengen, AS. sengan in besengan (akin to D.
zengen, G. sengen), originally, to cause to sing, fr. AS.
singan to sing, in allusion to the singing or hissing sound
often produced when a substance is singed, or slightly
burned. See {Sing}.]
1. To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of;
to burn the ends or outside of; as, to singe the hair or
the skin.
You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, . . .
Singe my white head! --Shak.
I singed the toes of an ape through a burning glass.
--L'Estrange.
2.
(a) To remove the nap of (cloth), by passing it rapidly
over a red-hot bar, or over a flame, preliminary to
dyeing it.
(b) To remove the hair or down from (a plucked chicken or
the like) by passing it over a flame.
Singe \Singe\, n.
A burning of the surface; a slight burn.
Singer \Sin"ger\, n. [From {Singe}.]
One who, or that which, singes. Specifically:
(a) One employed to singe cloth.
(b) A machine for singeing cloth.
Singer \Sing"er\, n. [From {Sing}.]
One who sings; especially, one whose profession is to sing.
Singeress \Sing"er*ess\, n.
A songstress. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Singhalese \Sin`gha*lese"\, n. & a. [Skr. Si?hala Ceylon.]
(Ethnol.)
Same as {Cingalese}.
Singing \Sing"ing\,
a. & n. from {Sing}, v.
{Singing bird}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Popularly, any bird that sings; a song bird.
(b) Specifically, any one of the Oscines.
{Singing book}, a book containing music for singing; a book
of tunes.
{Singing falcon} or {hawk}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Chanting falcon},
under {Chanting}.
{Singing fish} (Zo["o]l.), a California toadfish ({Porichthys
porosissimus}).
{Singing flame} (Acoustics), a flame, as of hydrogen or coal
gas, burning within a tube and so adjusted as to set the
air within the tube in vibration, causing sound. The
apparatus is called also {chemical harmonicon}.
{Singing master}, a man who teaches vocal music.
{Singing school}, a school in which persons are instructed in
singing.
Singingly \Sing"ing*ly\, adv.
With sounds like singing; with a kind of tune; in a singing
tone. --G. North (1575).
Single \Sin"gle\, a. [L. singulus, a dim. from the root in
simplex simple; cf. OE. & OF. sengle, fr. L. singulus. See
{Simple}, and cf. {Singular}.]
1. One only, as distinguished from more than one; consisting
of one alone; individual; separate; as, a single star.
No single man is born with a right of controlling
the opinions of all the rest. --Pope.
2. Alone; having no companion.
Who single hast maintained, Against revolted
multitudes, the cause Of truth. --Milton.
3. Hence, unmarried; as, a single man or woman.
Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness.
--Shak.
Single chose to live, and shunned to wed. --Dryden.
4. Not doubled, twisted together, or combined with others;
as, a single thread; a single strand of a rope.
5. Performed by one person, or one on each side; as, a single
combat.
These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant, . . .
Who now defles thee thrice ti single fight.
--Milton.
6. Uncompounded; pure; unmixed.
Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to
compound. --I. Watts.
7. Not deceitful or artful; honest; sincere.
I speak it with a single heart. --Shak.
8. Simple; not wise; weak; silly. [Obs.]
He utters such single matter in so infantly a voice.
--Beau. & Fl.
{Single ale}, {beer}, or {drink}, small ale, etc., as
contrasted with double ale, etc., which is stronger.
[Obs.] --Nares.
{Single bill} (Law), a written engagement, generally under
seal, for the payment of money, without a penalty.
--Burril.
{Single court} (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for only two
players.
{Single-cut file}. See the Note under 4th {File}.
{Single entry}. See under {Bookkeeping}.
{Single file}. See under 1st {File}.
{Single flower} (Bot.), a flower with but one set of petals,
as a wild rose.
{Single knot}. See Illust. under {Knot}.
{Single whip} (Naut.), a single rope running through a fixed
block.
Single \Sin"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Singled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Singling}.]
1. To select, as an individual person or thing, from among a
number; to choose out from others; to separate.
Dogs who hereby can single out their master in the
dark. --Bacon.
His blood! she faintly screamed her mind Still
singling one from all mankind. --More.
2. To sequester; to withdraw; to retire. [Obs.]
An agent singling itself from consorts. --Hooker.
3. To take alone, or one by one.
Men . . . commendable when they are singled.
--Hooker.
Single \Sin"gle\, v. i.
To take the irrregular gait called single-foot;- said of a
horse. See {Single-foot}.
Many very fleet horses, when overdriven, adopt a
disagreeable gait, which seems to be a cross between a
pace and a trot, in which the two legs of one side are
raised almost but not quite, simultaneously. Such
horses are said to single, or to be single-footed. --W.
S. Clark.
Single \Sin"gle\, n.
1. A unit; one; as, to score a single.
2. pl. The reeled filaments of silk, twisted without doubling
to give them firmness.
3. A handful of gleaned grain. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
4. (Law Tennis) A game with but one player on each side; --
usually in the plural.
5. (Baseball) A hit by a batter which enables him to reach
first base only.
Single-acting \Sin"gle-act`ing\, a.
Having simplicity of action; especially (Mach.), acting or
exerting force during strokes in one direction only; -- said
of a reciprocating engine, pump, etc.
Single-breasted \Sin"gle-breast`ed\, a.
Lapping over the breast only far enough to permit of
buttoning, and having buttons on one edge only; as, a
single-breasted coast.
Single-foot \Sin"gle-foot`\, n.
An irregular gait of a horse; -- called also {single-footed
pace}. See {Single}, v. i.
Single-foot is an irregular pace, rather rare,
distinguished by the posterior extremities moving in
the order of a fast walk, and the anterior extremities
in that of a slow trot. --Stillman
(The Horse in
Motion.)
Single-handed \Sin"gle-hand"ed\, a.
Having but one hand, or one workman; also, alone; unassisted.
Single-hearted \Sin"gle-heart"ed\, a.
Having an honest heart; free from duplicity. --
{Sin"gle-heart"ed*ly}, adv.
Single-minded \Sin"gle-mind"ed\, a.
Having a single purpose; hence, artless; guileless;
single-hearted.
Singleness \Sin"gle*ness\, n.
1. The quality or state of being single, or separate from all
others; the opposite of doubleness, complication, or
multiplicity.
2. Freedom from duplicity, or secondary and selfish ends;
purity of mind or purpose; simplicity; sincerity; as,
singleness of purpose; singleness of heart.
Singles \Sin"gles\, n. pl.
See {Single}, n., 2.
Singlestick \Sin"gle*stick`\, n.
(a) In England and Scotland, a cudgel used in fencing or
fighting; a backsword.
(b) The game played with singlesticks, in which he who first
brings blood from his adversary's head is pronounced
victor; backsword; cudgeling.
Singlet \Sin"glet\, n.
An unlined or undyed waistcoat; a single garment; -- opposed
to {doublet}. [Prov. Eng.]
Singleton \Sin"gle*ton\, n.
In certain games at cards, as whist, a single card of any
suit held at the deal by a player; as, to lead a singleton.
Singletree \Sin"gle*tree`\, n. [Cf. {Swingletree}.]
The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces of a
harnessed horse are fixed; a whiffletree.
Note: When two horses draw abreast, a singletree is fixed at
each end of another crosspiece, called the doubletree.
Singly \Sin"gly\, adv.
1. Individually; particularly; severally; as, to make men
singly and personally good.
2. Only; by one's self; alone.
Look thee, 't is so! Thou singly honest man. --Shak.
3. Without partners, companions, or associates;
single-handed; as, to attack another singly.
At omber singly to decide their doom. --Pope.
4. Honestly; sincerely; simply. [R.] --Johnson.
5. Singularly; peculiarly. [Obs.] --Milton.
Sing-sing \Sing"-sing`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The kob.
Singsong \Sing"song`\, n.
1. Bad singing or poetry.
2. A drawling or monotonous tone, as of a badly executed
song.
Singsong \Sing"song`\, a.
Drawling; monotonous.
Singsong \Sing"song`\, v. i.
To write poor poetry. [R.] --Tennyson.
Singster \Sing"ster\, n.
A songstress. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Singular \Sin"gu*lar\, a. [OE. singuler, F. singulier, fr. L.
singularius, singularis, fr. singulus single. See {Single},
a.]
1. Separate or apart from others; single; distinct. [Obs.]
--Bacon.
And God forbid that all a company Should rue a
singular man's folly. --Chaucer.
2. Engaged in by only one on a side; single. [Obs.]
To try the matter thus together in a singular
combat. --Holinshed.
3. (Logic) Existing by itself; single; individual.
The idea which represents one . . . determinate
thing, is called a singular idea, whether simple,
complex, or compound. --I. Watts.
4. (Law) Each; individual; as, to convey several parcels of
land, all and singular.
5. (Gram.) Denoting one person or thing; as, the singular
number; -- opposed to {dual} and {plural}.
6. Standing by itself; out of the ordinary course; unusual;
uncommon; strange; as, a singular phenomenon.
So singular a sadness Must have a cause as strange
as the effect. --Denham.
7. Distinguished as existing in a very high degree; rarely
equaled; eminent; extraordinary; exceptional; as, a man of
singular gravity or attainments.
8. Departing from general usage or expectations; odd;
whimsical; -- often implying disapproval or consure.
His zeal None seconded, as out of season judged, Or
singular and rash. --Milton.
To be singular in anything that is wise and worthy,
is not a disparagement, but a praise. --Tillotson.
9. Being alone; belonging to, or being, that of which there
is but one; unique.
These busts of the emperors and empresses are all
very scarce, and some of them almost singular in
their kind. --Addison.
{Singular point in a curve} (Math.), a point at which the
curve possesses some peculiar properties not possessed by
other points of the curve, as a cusp point, or a multiple
point.
{Singular proposition} (Logic), a proposition having as its
subject a singular term, or a common term limited to an
individual by means of a singular sign. --Whately.
{Singular succession} (Civil Law), division among individual
successors, as distinguished from universal succession, by
which an estate descended in intestacy to the heirs in
mass.
{Singular term} (Logic), a term which represents or stands
for a single individual.
Syn: Unexampled; unprecedented; eminent; extraordinary;
remarkable; uncommon; rare; unusual; peculiar; strange;
odd; eccentric; fantastic.
Singular \Sin"gu*lar\, n.
1. An individual instance; a particular. [Obs.] --Dr. H.
More.
2. (Gram) The singular number, or the number denoting one
person or thing; a word in the singular number.
Singularist \Sin"gu*lar*ist\, n.
One who affects singularity. [Obs.]
A clownish singularist, or nonconformist to ordinary
usage. --Borrow.
Singularity \Sin`gu*lar"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Singularities}. [L.
singularitas: cf. F. singularit['e].]
1. The quality or state of being singular; some character or
quality of a thing by which it is distinguished from all,
or from most, others; peculiarity.
Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil, that the
second year the very falling down of the seeds
yieldeth corn. --Sir. W.
Raleigh.
I took notice of this little figure for the
singularity of the instrument. --Addison.
2. Anything singular, rare, or curious.
Your gallery Have we passed through, not without
much content In many singularities. --Shak.
3. Possession of a particular or exclusive privilege,
prerogative, or distinction.
No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name of
singularity [universal bishop]. --Hooker.
Catholicism . . . must be understood in opposition
to the legal singularity of the Jewish nation. --Bp.
Pearson.
4. Celibacy. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Singularize \Sin"gu*lar*ize\, v. t.
To make singular or single; to distinguish. [R.]
Singularly \Sin"gu*lar*ly\, adv.
1. In a singular manner; in a manner, or to a degree, not
common to others; extraordinarily; as, to be singularly
exact in one's statements; singularly considerate of
others. ``Singularly handsome.'' --Milman.
2. Strangely; oddly; as, to behave singularly.
3. So as to express one, or the singular number.
Singult \Sin"gult\, n.[L. singultus.]
A sigh or sobbing; also, a hiccough. [Obs.] --Spenser. W.
Browne.
Singultous \Sin*gul"tous\, a. (Med.)
Relating to, or affected with, hiccough. --Dunglison.
Singultus \Sin*gul"tus\, n. [L.] (Med.)
Hiccough.
Sinical \Sin"i*cal\, a. [From {Sine}.] (Trig.)
Of or pertaining to a sine; employing, or founded upon,
sines; as, a sinical quadrant.
Sinigrin \Sin"i*grin\, n. [From NL. Sinapis nigra.] (Chem.)
A glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard ({Brassica
nigra}, formerly {Sinapis nigra}) It resembles sinalbin, and
consists of a potassium salt of myronic acid.
Sinister \Sin"is*ter\ (s[i^]n"[i^]s*t[~e]r; 277), a.
Note: [Accented on the middle syllable by the older poets, as
Shakespeare, Milton, Dryden.] [L. sinister: cf. F.
sinistre.]
1. On the left hand, or the side of the left hand; left; --
opposed to {dexter}, or {right}. ``Here on his sinister
cheek.'' --Shak.
My mother's blood Runs on the dexter cheek, and this
sinister Bounds in my father's --Shak.
Note: In heraldy the sinister side of an escutcheon is the
side which would be on the left of the bearer of the
shield, and opposite the right hand of the beholder.
2. Unlucky; inauspicious; disastrous; injurious; evil; -- the
left being usually regarded as the unlucky side; as,
sinister influences.
All the several ills that visit earth, Brought forth
by night, with a sinister birth. --B. Jonson.
3. Wrong, as springing from indirection or obliquity;
perverse; dishonest; corrupt; as, sinister aims.
Nimble and sinister tricks and shifts. --Bacon.
He scorns to undermine another's interest by any
sinister or inferior arts. --South.
He read in their looks . . . sinister intentions
directed particularly toward himself. --Sir W.
Scott.
4. Indicative of lurking evil or harm; boding covert danger;
as, a sinister countenance.
{Bar sinister}. (Her.) See under {Bar}, n.
{Sinister aspect} (Astrol.), an appearance of two planets
happening according to the succession of the signs, as
Saturn in Aries, and Mars in the same degree of Gemini.
{Sinister base}, {Sinister chief}. See under {Escutcheon}.
Sinister-handed \Sin"is*ter-hand"ed\, a.
Left-handed; hence, unlucky. [Obs.] --Lovelace.
Sinisterly \Sin"is*ter*ly\, adv.
In a sinister manner. --Wood.
Sinistrad \Sin"is*trad\, adv. [L. sinistra the left hand + ad
to.] (Anat. & Zo["o]l.)
Toward the left side; sinistrally.
Sinistral \Sin"is*tral\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the left, inclining to the left;
sinistrous; -- opposed to {dextral}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having the whorls of the spire revolving or
rising to the left; reversed; -- said of certain spiral
shells.
Sinistrality \Sin`is*tral"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being sinistral.
Sinistrally \Sin"is*tral*ly\, adv.
Toward the left; in a sinistral manner. --J. Le Conte.
Sinistrin \Sin"is*trin\ (s[i^]n"[i^]s*tr[i^]n), n. [L. sinister
left.] (Chem.)
A mucilaginous carbohydrate, resembling achro["o]dextrin,
extracted from squill as a colorless amorphous substance; --
so called because it is levorotatory.
Sinistrorsal \Sin`is*tror"sal\, a. [L. sinistrorsus,
sinistroversus, turned toward the left side; sinister left +
vertere, vortere, versum, vorsum, to turn.]
Rising spirally from right to left (of the spectator);
sinistrorse.
Sinistrorse \Sin"is*trorse`\, a. [See {Sinistrolsal}.]
Turning to the left (of the spectator) in the ascending line;
-- the opposite of dextrorse. See {Dextrorse}.
Sinistrous \Sin"is*trous\, a. [See {Sinister}.]
1. Being on the left side; inclined to the left; sinistral.
``Sinistrous gravity.'' --Sir T. Browne.
2. Wrong; absurd; perverse.
A knave or fool can do no harm, even by the most
sinistrous and absurd choice. --Bentley.
Sinistrously \Sin"is*trous*ly\, adv.
1. In a sinistrous manner; perversely; wrongly; unluckily.
2. With a tendency to use the left hand.
Many, in their infancy, are sinistrously disposed,
and divers continue all their life left-handed.
--Sir T.
Browne.
Sink \Sink\, v. i. [imp. {Sunk}, or ({Sank}); p. p. {Sunk} (obs.
{Sunken}, -- now used as adj.); p. pr. & vb. n. {Sinking}.]
[OE. sinken, AS. sincan; akin to D. zinken, OS. sincan, G.
sinken, Icel. s["o]kkva, Dan. synke, Sw. sjunka, Goth.
siggan, and probably to E. silt. Cf. {Silt}.]
1. To fall by, or as by, the force of gravity; to descend
lower and lower; to decline gradually; to subside; as, a
stone sinks in water; waves rise and sink; the sun sinks
in the west.
I sink in deep mire. --Ps. lxix. 2.
2. To enter deeply; to fall or retire beneath or below the
surface; to penetrate.
The stone sunk into his forehead. --1 San. xvii.
49.
3. Hence, to enter so as to make an abiding impression; to
enter completely.
Let these sayings sink down into your ears. --Luke
ix. 44.
4. To be overwhelmed or depressed; to fall slowly, as so the
ground, from weakness or from an overburden; to fail in
strength; to decline; to decay; to decrease.
I think our country sinks beneath the yoke. --Shak.
He sunk down in his chariot. --2 Kings ix.
24.
Let not the fire sink or slacken. --Mortimer.
5. To decrease in volume, as a river; to subside; to become
diminished in volume or in apparent height.
The Alps and Pyreneans sink before him. --Addison.
Syn: To fall; subside; drop; droop; lower; decline; decay;
decrease; lessen.
Sink \Sink\, v. t.
1. To cause to sink; to put under water; to immerse or
submerge in a fluid; as, to sink a ship.
[The Athenians] fell upon the wings and sank a
single ship. --Jowett
(Thucyd.).
2. Figuratively: To cause to decline; to depress; to degrade;
hence, to ruin irretrievably; to destroy, as by drowping;
as, to sink one's reputation.
I raise of sink, imprison or set free. --Prior.
If I have a conscience, let it sink me. --Shak.
Thy cruel and unnatural lust of power Has sunk thy
father more than all his years. --Rowe.
3. To make (a depression) by digging, delving, or cutting,
etc.; as, to sink a pit or a well; to sink a die.
4. To bring low; to reduce in quantity; to waste.
You sunk the river repeated draughts. --Addison.
5. To conseal and appropriate. [Slang]
If sent with ready money to buy anything, and you
happen to be out of pocket, sink the money, and take
up the goods on account. --Swift.
6. To keep out of sight; to suppress; to ignore.
A courtly willingness to sink obnoxious truths.
--Robertson.
7. To reduce or extinguish by payment; as, to sink the
national debt.
Sink \Sink\, n.
1. A drain to carry off filthy water; a jakes.
2. A shallow box or vessel of wood, stone, iron, or other
material, connected with a drain, and used for receiving
filthy water, etc., as in a kitchen.
3. A hole or low place in land or rock, where waters sink and
are lost; -- called also {sink hole}. [U. S.]
{Sink hole}.
(a) The opening to a sink drain.
(b) A cesspool.
(c) Same as {Sink}, n., 3.
Sinker \Sink"er\, n.
One who, or that which, sinks. Specifically:
(a) A weight on something, as on a fish line, to sink it.
(b) In knitting machines, one of the thin plates, blades, or
other devices, that depress the loops upon or between the
needles.
{Dividing sinker}, in knitting machines, a sinker between two
jack sinkers and acting alternately with them.
{Jack sinker}. See under {Jack}, n.
{Sinker bar}.
(a) In knitting machines, a bar to which one set of the
sinkers is attached.
(b) In deep well boring, a heavy bar forming a connection
between the lifting rope and the boring tools, above the
jars.
Sinking \Sink"ing\,
a. & n. from {Sink}.
{Sinking fund}. See under {Fund}.
{Sinking head} (Founding), a riser from which the mold is fed
as the casting shrinks. See {Riser}, n., 4.
{Sinking pump}, a pump which can be lowered in a well or a
mine shaft as the level of the water sinks.
Sinless \Sin"less\, a.
Free from sin. --Piers Plowman. -- {Sin"less*ly}, adv. --
{Sin"less*ness}, n.
Sinner \Sin"ner\, n.
One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without
repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor;
one condemned by the law of God.
Sinner \Sin"ner\, v. i.
To act as a sinner. [Humorous]
Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. --Pope.
Sinneress \Sin"ner*ess\, n.
A woman who sins. [Obs.]
Sinnet \Sin"net\, n.
See {Sennit} .
Sinological \Sin`o*log"ic*al\, a. [See {Sinologue}.]
Relating to the Chinese language or literature.
Sinologist \Si*nol"o*gist\, n.
A sinologue.
Sinologue \Sin"o*logue\, n. [From L. Sinae, an Oriental people
mentioned by Ptolemy, or Ar. Sin China or the Chinese + Gr.
??? discourse; formed like theologue: cf. F. sinologue.]
A student of Chinese; one versed in the Chinese language,
literature, and history.
Sinology \Si*nol"o*gy\, n. [Cf. F. sinologie.]
That branch of systemized knowledge which treats of the
Chinese, their language, literature, etc.
Sinoper \Sin"o*per\, n. (Min.)
Sinople.
Sinopia \Si*no"pi*a\, Sinopis \Si*no"pis\, n.
A red pigment made from sinopite.
Sinopite \Sin"o*pite\, n. [F., fr. L. sinopis (sc. terra), a red
earth or ocher found in Sinope, a town in Paphlagoma, on the
Black Sea, Gr. ????.] (Min.)
A brickred ferruginous clay used by the ancients for red
paint.
Sinople \Sin"o*ple\, n. (Min.)
Ferruginous quartz, of a blood-red or brownish red color,
sometimes with a tinge of yellow.
Sinople \Sin"o*ple\, n. [F., fr. LL. sinopis. See {Sinople} a
mineral.] (Her.)
The tincture vert; green.
Sinque \Sinque\, n.
See {Cinque}. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Sinsring \Sins"ring\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Banxring}.
Sinter \Sin"ter\, n. [G. Cf. {Cinder}.] (Min.)
Dross, as of iron; the scale which files from iron when
hammered; -- applied as a name to various minerals.
{Calcareous sinter}, a loose banded variety of calcite formed
by deposition from lime-bearing waters; calcareous tufa;
travertine.
{Ceraunian sinter}, fulgurite.
{Siliceous sinter}, a light cellular or fibrous opal;
especially, geyserite (see {Geyserite}). It has often a
pearly luster, and is then called pearl sinter.
Sinto \Sin"to\, or Sintu \Sin"tu\, Sintoism \Sin"to*ism\,
Sintoist \Sin"to*ist\ .
See {Shinto}, etc.
Sintoc \Sin"toc\, n.
A kind of spice used in the East Indies, consisting of the
bark of a species of {Cinnamomum.} [Written also {sindoc}.]
Siniate \Sin"i*ate\, a. [L. sinuatus, p. p. of sinuare to wind,
bend, fr. sinus a bend.]
Having the margin alternately curved inward and outward;
having rounded lobes separated by rounded sinuses; sinuous;
wavy.
Sinuate \Sin"u*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sinuated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sinuating}.]
To bend or curve in and out; to wind; to turn; to be
sinusous. --Woodward.
Sinuated \Sin"u*a`ted\, a.
Same as {Sinuate}.
Sinuation \Sin`u*a"tion\, n. [L. sinuatio.]
A winding or bending in and out.
Sinuose \Sin"u*ose`\, a.
Sinuous. --Loudon.
Sinuosity \Sin`u*os"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Sinuosities}. [Cf. F.
sinuosit['e].]
1. Quality or state of being sinuous.
2. A bend, or a series of bends and turns; a winding, or a
series of windings; a wave line; a curve.
A line of coast certainly amounting, with its
sinuosities, to more than 700 miles. --Sydney
Smith.
Sinuous \Sin"u*ous\, a. [L. sinuosus, fr. sinus a bent surface,
a curve: cf. F. sinueux. See {Sinus}.]
Bending in and out; of a serpentine or undulating form;
winding; crooked. -- {Sin"u*ous*ly}, adv.
Streaking the ground with sinuous trace. --Milton.
Gardens bright with sinuous rills. --Coleridge.
Sinupalliate \Si`nu*pal"li*ate\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a pallial sinus. See under {Sinus}.
Sinus \Si"nus\, n.; pl. L. {Sinus}, E. {Sinuses}. [L., a bent
surface, a curve, the folds or bosom of a garment, etc., a
bay. Cf. {Sine}, n.]
1. An opening; a hollow; a bending.
2. A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore.
3. (Anat. & Zo["o]l.) A cavity; a depression. Specifically:
(a) A cavity in a bone or other part, either closed or
with a narrow opening.
(b) A dilated vessel or canal.
4. (Med.) A narrow, elongated cavity, in which pus is
collected; an elongated abscess with only a small orifice.
5. (Bot.) A depression between adjoining lobes.
Note: A sinus may be rounded, as in the leaf of the white
oak, or acute, as in that of the red maple.
{Pallial sinus}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Pallial}.
{Sinus venosus}. [L., venous dilatation.] (Anat.)
(a) The main part of the cavity of the right auricle of
the heart in the higher vertebrates.
(b) In the lower vertebrates, a distinct chamber of the
heart formed by the union of the large systematic
veins and opening into the auricle.
Sinusoid \Si"nus*oid\, n. [Sinus + -oid.] (Geom.)
The curve whose ordinates are proportional to the sines of
the abscissas, the equation of the curve being y = a sin x.
It is also called the {curve of sines}.
Sinusoidal \Si`nus*oid"al\, a. (Geom.)
Of or pertaining to a sinusoid; like a sinusoid.
Siogoon \Sio"goon\, n.
See {Shogun}.
Siogoonate \Sio*goon"ate\, n.
See {Shogunate}.
Sioux \Sioux\, n. sing. & pl. (Ethnol.)
See {Dakotas}.
Sip \Sip\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sipped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sipping}.] [OE. sippen; akin to OD. sippen, and AS. s?pan to
sip, suck up, drink. See {Sup}, v. t.]
1. To drink or imbibe in small quantities; especially, to
take in with the lips in small quantities, as a liquid;
as, to sip tea. ``Every herb that sips the dew.''
--Milton.
2. To draw into the mouth; to suck up; as, a bee sips nectar
from the flowers.
3. To taste the liquor of; to drink out of. [Poetic]
They skim the floods, and sip the purple flowers.
--Dryden.
Sip \Sip\, v. i.
To drink a small quantity; to take a fluid with the lips; to
take a sip or sips of something.
[She] raised it to her mouth with sober grace; Then,
sipping, offered to the next in place. --Dryden.
Sip \Sip\, n.
1. The act of sipping; the taking of a liquid with the lips.
2. A small draught taken with the lips; a slight taste.
One sip of this Will bathe the drooping spirits in
delight Beyond the bliss of dreams. --Milton.
A sip is all that the public ever care to take from
reservoirs of abstract philosophy. --De Quincey.
Sipage \Sip"age\, n.
See {Seepage}. [Scot. & U.S.]
Sip \Sip\, v. i.
See {Seep}. [Scot. & U.S.]
Siphilis \Siph"i*lis\, n. (Med.)
Syphilis.
Siphoid \Si"phoid\, n. [L. sipho a siphon + -oid: cf. F. vase
sipho["i]de.]
A siphon bottle. See under {Siphon}, n.
Siphon \Si"phon\, n. [F. siphon, L. sipho, -onis, fr. Gr. ??? a
siphon, tube, pipe.]
1. A device, consisting of a pipe or tube bent so as to form
two branches or legs of unequal length, by which a liquid
can be transferred to a lower level, as from one vessel to
another, over an intermediate elevation, by the action of
the pressure of the atmosphere in forcing the liquid up
the shorter branch of the pipe immersed in it, while the
continued excess of weight of the liquid in the longer
branch (when once filled) causes a continuous flow. The
flow takes place only when the discharging extremity of
the pipe ia lower than the higher liquid surface, and when
no part of the pipe is higher above the surface than the
same liquid will rise by atmospheric pressure; that is,
about 33 feet for water, and 30 inches for mercury, near
the sea level.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the tubes or folds of the mantle border of a
bivalve or gastropod mollusk by which water is
conducted into the gill cavity. See Illust. under
{Mya}, and {Lamellibranchiata}.
(b) The anterior prolongation of the margin of any
gastropod shell for the protection of the soft siphon.
(c) The tubular organ through which water is ejected from
the gill cavity of a cephaloid. It serves as a
locomotive organ, by guiding and confining the jet of
water. Called also {siphuncle}. See Illust. under
{Loligo}, and {Dibranchiata}.
(d) The siphuncle of a cephalopod shell.
(e) The sucking proboscis of certain parasitic insects and
crustaceans.
(f) A sproutlike prolongation in front of the mouth of
many gephyreans.
(g) A tubular organ connected both with the esophagus and
the intestine of certain sea urchins and annelids.
3. A siphon bottle.
{Inverted siphon}, a tube bent like a siphon, but having the
branches turned upward; specifically (Hydraulic
Engineering), a pipe for conducting water beneath a
depressed place, as from one hill to another across an
intervening valley, following the depression of the
ground.
{Siphon barometer}. See under {Barometer}.
{Siphon bottle}, a bottle for holding a["e]rated water, which
is driven out through a bent tube in the neck by the gas
within the bottle when a valve in the tube is opened; --
called also {gazogene}, and {siphoid}.
{Siphon condenser}, a condenser for a steam engine, in which
the vacuum is maintained by the downward flow of water
through a vertical pipe of great height.
{Siphon cup}, a cup with a siphon attached for carrying off
any liquid in it; specifically (Mach.), an oil cup in
which oil is carried over the edge of a tube in a cotton
wick, and so reaches the surface to be lubricated.
{Siphon gauge}. See under {Gauge}.
{Siphon pump}, a jet pump. See under {Jet}, n.
Siphon \Si"phon\, v. t. (Chem.)
To convey, or draw off, by means of a siphon, as a liquid
from one vessel to another at a lower level.
Siphonage \Si"phon*age\, n.
The action of a siphon.
Siphonal \Si"phon*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a siphon; resembling a siphon.
{Siphonal stomach} (Zo["o]l.), a stomach which is tubular and
bent back upon itself, like a siphon, as in the salmon.
Siphonarid \Si`pho*na"rid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of limpet-shaped pulmonate
gastropods of the genus {Siphonaria}. They cling to rocks
between high and low water marks and have both lunglike
organs and gills. -- {Si`pho*na"rid}, a.
Siphonata \Si`pho*na"ta\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of bivalve mollusks in which the posterior mantle
border is prolonged into two tubes or siphons. Called also
{Siphoniata}. See {Siphon}, 2
(a), and {Quahaug}.
Siphonate \Si"phon*ate\, a.
1. Having a siphon or siphons.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Belonging to the Siphonata.
Siphonet \Si"phon*et\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the two dorsal tubular organs on the hinder part of
the abdomen of aphids. They give exit to the honeydew. See
Illust. under {Aphis}.
Siphonia \Si*pho"ni*a\, n. [NL.] (Bot.)
A former name for a euphorbiaceous genus ({Hevea}) of South
American trees, the principal source of caoutchouc.
Siphoniata \Si*pho`ni*a"ta\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Siphonata}.
Siphonic \Si*phon"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a siphon.
Siphonifer \Si*phon"i*fer\, n. [NL., fr. L. sipho, -onis, siphon
+ ferre to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any cephalopod having a siphonate shell.
Siphoniferous \Si"phon*if"er*ous\, a. [Siphon + -ferous.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Siphon-bearing, as the shell of the nautilus and other
cephalopods.
Siphonium \Si*pho"ni*um\, n.; pl. {Siphonia}. [NL., from Gr.
????, dim. of ????. See {Siphon}.] (Anat.)
A bony tube which, in some birds, connects the tympanium with
the air chambers of the articular piece of the mandible.
Siphonobranchiata \Si`pho*no*bran`chi*a"ta\, n. pl. [NL. See
{Siphon}, and {Branchia}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of gastropods having the mantle border, on one or
both sides, prolonged in the form of a spout through which
water enters the gill cavity. The shell itself is not always
siphonostomatous in this group.
Siphonobranchiate \Si`pho*no*bran"chi*ate\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a siphon, or siphons, to convey water to the gills;
belonging or pertaining to the Siphonobranchiata. -- n. One
of the Siphonobranchiata.
Siphonoglyphe \Si`pho*nog"ly*phe\, n. [Siphon + Gr. ??? to
engrave.] (Zo["o]l.)
A gonidium.
Siphonophora \Si`pho*noph"o*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? a
siphon + ???? to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of pelagic Hydrozoa including species which form
complex free-swimming communities composed of numerous zooids
of various kinds, some of which act as floats or as swimming
organs, others as feeding or nutritive zooids, and others as
reproductive zooids. See Illust. under {Physallia}, and
{Porpita}.
Siphonophoran \Si`pho*noph"o*ran\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Belonging to the Siphonophora. -- n. One of the Siphonophora.
Siphonophore \Si*phon"o*phore\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Siphonophora.
Siphonopoda \Si`pho*nop"o*da\, n. pl. [NL. See {Siphon}, and
{-poda}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Scaphopoda including those in which the foot
terminates in a circular disk.
Siphonostomata \Si`pho*no*stom"a*ta\, n. pl. [NL. See {Siphon},
and {Stoma}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A tribe of parasitic copepod Crustacea including a large
number of species that are parasites of fishes, as the
lerneans. They have a mouth adapted to suck blood.
(b) An artificial division of gastropods including those that
have siphonostomatous shells.
Siphonostomatous \Si`pho*no*stom"a*tous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Having the front edge of the aperture of the shell
prolonged in the shape of a channel for the protection of
the siphon; -- said of certain gastropods.
(b) Pertaining to the Siphonostomata.
Siphonostome \Si`pho*nos"tome\, n. [Gr. ??? a siphon + ???
mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any parasitic entomostracan of the tribe Siphonostomata.
(b) A siphonostomatous shell.
Siphorhinal \Si`pho*rhi"nal\, a. [Siphon + rhinal.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having tubular nostrils, as the petrels.
Siphorhinian \Si`pho*rhin"i*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A siphorhinal bird.
Siphuncle \Si"phun`cle\, n. [L. siphunculus, sipunculus, dim. of
sipho. See {Siphon}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The tube which runs through the partitions of chambered
cephalopod shells.
Siphuncled \Si"phun`cled\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a siphuncle; siphunculated.
Siphuncular \Si*phun"cu*lar\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the siphuncle.
Siphunculated \Si*phun"cu*la`ted\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a siphuncle. --Huxley.
Sipid \Sip"id\, a. [See {Insipid}, {Sapid}.]
Having a taste or flavorl savory; sapid. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Sipper \Sip"per\, n.
One whi sips.
Sippet \Sip"pet\, n. [See {Sip}, {Sop}.]
A small sop; a small, thin piece of toasted bread soaked in
milk, broth, or the like; a small piece of toasted or fried
bread cut into some special shape and used for garnishing.
Your sweet sippets in widows' houses. --Milton.
Sipple \Sip"ple\, v. i. [Freq. of sip.]
To sip often. [Obs. or Scot.]
Sippling \Sip"pling\, a.
Sipping often. [Obs.] ``Taken after a sippling sort.''
--Holland.
Sipunculacea \Si*pun`cu*la"ce*a\, n. pl. [NL., from Sipunculus,
the typical genus. See {Siphuncle}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of Gephyrea, including those which have the body
unarmed and the intestine opening anteriorly.
Sipunculoid \Si*pun"cu*loid\, a. [NL. Sipunculus, the typical
genus + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the Sipunculoidea. -- n. One of the
Sipunculoidea.
Sipunculoidea \Si*pun`cu*loi"de*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Same as {Gephyrea}.
(b) In a restricted sense, same as {Sipunculacea}.
Si quis \Si` quis"\ [L., if any one (the first words of the
notice in Latin).] (Ch. of Eng.)
A notification by a candidate for orders of his intention to
inquire whether any impediment may be alleged against him.
Sir \Sir\, n. [OE. sire, F. sire, contr. from the nominative L.
senior an elder, elderly person, compar. of senex,senis, an
aged person; akin to Gr. ??? old, Skr. sana, Goth. sineigs
old, sinista eldest, Ir. & Gael. sean old, W. hen. Cf.
{Seignior}, {Senate}, {Seneschal}, {Senior}, {Senor},
{Signor}, {Sire}, {Sirrah}.]
1. A man of social authority and dignity; a lord; a master; a
gentleman; -- in this sense usually spelled sire. [Obs.]
He was crowned lord and sire. --Gower.
In the election of a sir so rare. --Shak.
2. A title prefixed to the Christian name of a knight or a
baronet.
Sir Horace Vere, his brother, was the principal in
the active part. --Bacon.
3. An English rendering of the LAtin Dominus, the academical
title of a bachelor of arts; -- formerly colloquially, and
sometimes contemptuously, applied to the clergy. --Nares.
Instead of a faithful and painful teacher, they hire
a Sir John, which hath better skill in playing at
tables, or in keeping of a garden, than in God's
word. --Latimer.
4. A respectful title, used in addressing a man, without
being prefixed to his name; -- used especially in speaking
to elders or superiors; sometimes, also, used in the way
of emphatic formality. ``What's that to you, sir?''
--Sheridan.
Note: Anciently, this title, was often used when a person was
addressed as a man holding a certain office, or
following a certain business. ``Sir man of law.'' ``Sir
parish priest.'' --Chaucer.
{Sir reverance}. See under {Reverence}, n.
Siraskier \Si*ras"kier\, n.
See {Seraskier}.
Siraskierate \Si*ras"kier*ate\, n.
See {Seraskierate}.
Sirbonian \Sir*bo"ni*an\, a.
See {Serbonian}.
Sircar \Sir*car"\, n. [Hind. & Per. sark[=a]r a superintendant,
overseer, chief; Per. sar the head + k[=a]r action, work.]
1. A Hindoo clerk or accountant. [India]
2. A district or province; a circar. [India]
3. The government; the supreme authority of the state.
[India]
Sirdar \Sir*dar"\, n. [Hind. & Per. sard[=a]r a chief, general;
sar the head, top + d[=a]r holding, possessing.]
A native chief in Hindostan; a headman. --Malcom.
Sire \Sire\, n. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See
{Sir}.]
1. A lord, master, or other person in authority. See {Sir}.
[Obs.]
Pain and distress, sickness and ire, And melancholy
that angry sire, Be of her palace senators. --Rom.
of R.
2. A tittle of respect formerly used in speaking to elders
and superiors, but now only in addressing a sovereign.
3. A father; the head of a family; the husband.
Jankin thet was our sire [i.e., husband]. --Chaucer.
And raise his issue, like a loving sire. --Shak.
4. A creator; a maker; an author; an originator.
[He] was the sire of an immortal strain. --Shelley.
5. The male parent of a beast; -- applied especially to
horses; as, the horse had a good sire.
Note: Sire is often used in composition; as in grandsire,
grandfather; great-grandsire, great-grandfather.
Sire \Sire\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sired}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Siring}.]
To beget; to procreate; -- used of beasts, and especially of
stallions.
Siredon \Si*re"don\, n. [NL., from Gr. ??? a siren.] (Zo["o]l.)
The larval form of any salamander while it still has external
gills; especially, one of those which, like the axolotl
({Amblystoma Mexicanum}), sometimes lay eggs while in this
larval state, but which under more favorable conditions lose
their gills and become normal salamanders. See also
{Axolotl}.
Siren \Si"ren\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???: cf. F. sir[`e]ne.]
1. (Class. Myth.) One of three sea nymphs, -- or, according
to some writers, of two, -- said to frequent an island
near the coast of Italy, and to sing with such sweetness
that they lured mariners to destruction.
Next where the sirens dwell you plow the seas; Their
song is death, and makes destruction please. --Pope.
2. An enticing, dangerous woman. --Shak.
3. Something which is insidious or deceptive.
Consumption is a siren. --W. Irving.
4. A mermaid. [Obs.] --Shak.
5. (Zo["o]l.) Any long, slender amphibian of the genus
{Siren} or family {Sirenid[ae]}, destitute of hind legs
and pelvis, and having permanent external gills as well as
lungs. They inhabit the swamps, lagoons, and ditches of
the Southern United States. The more common species
({Siren lacertina}) is dull lead-gray in color, and
becames two feet long.
6. [F. sir[`e]ne, properly, a siren in sense 1.] (Acoustics)
An instrument for producing musical tones and for
ascertaining the number of sound waves or vibrations per
second which produce a note of a given pitch. The sounds
are produced by a perforated rotating disk or disks. A
form with two disks operated by steam or highly compressed
air is used sounding an alarm to vessels in fog. [Written
also {sirene}, and {syren}.]
Siren \Si"ren\, a.
Of or pertaining to a siren; bewitching, like a siren;
fascinating; alluring; as, a siren song.
Sirene \Si*rene"\, n.
See {Siren}, 6.
Sirenia \Si*re"ni*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of large aquatic herbivorous mammals, including the
manatee, dugong, rytina, and several fossil genera.
Note: The hind limbs are either rudimentary or wanting, and
the front ones are changed to paddles. They have horny
plates on the front part of the jaws, and usually
flat-crowned molar teeth. The stomach is complex and
the intestine long, as in other herbivorous mammals.
See {Cetacea}
(b) .
Sirenian \Si*re"ni*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of Sirenia.
Sirenical \Si*ren"ic*al\, a.
Like, or appropriate to, a siren; fascinating; deceptive.
Here's couple of sirenical rascals shall enchant ye.
--Marton.
Sirenize \Si"ren*ize\, v. i.
To use the enticements of a siren; to act as a siren; to
fascinate.
Siriasis \Si*ri"a*sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???, fr. ??? the Dog
Star, properly, scorching.] (Med.)
(a) A sunstroke.
(b) The act of exposing to a sun bath. [Obs.] Cf.
{Insolation}.
Sirius \Sir"i*us\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???, properly, scorching.]
(Astron.)
The Dog Star. See {Dog Star}.
Sirkeer \Sir"keer\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of Asiatic cuckoos of the genus
{Taccocua}, as the Bengal sirkeer ({T. sirkee}).
Sirloin \Sir"loin`\, n. [A corruption of surloin. Not so called
because this cut of beef was once jocosely knighted (dubbed
Sir Loin) by an English king, as according to a popular
story.]
A loin of beef, or a part of a loin. [Written also
{surloin}.]
Sirname \Sir"name`\, n.
See {Surname}.
Siroc \Si"roc\, n.
See {Sirocco}. [Poetic] --Emerson.
Sirocco \Si*roc"co\, n.; pl. {Siroccos}. [It. sirocco, scirocco,
Ar. shorug, fr. sharq the rising of the sun, the east, fr,
sharaca to rise as the sun. Cf. {Saracen}.]
An oppressive, relaxing wind from the Libyan deserts, chiefly
experienced in Italy, Malta, and Sicily.
Sirrah \Sir"rah\, n. [Probably from Icel. s[=i]ra, fr. F. sire.
See {Sir}.]
A term of address implying inferiority and used in anger,
contempt, reproach, or disrespectful familiarity, addressed
to a man or boy, but sometimes to a woman. In sililoquies
often preceded by ah. Not used in the plural. ``Ah, sirrah
mistress.''
--Beau. & Fl.
Go, sirrah, to my cell. --Shak.
Sirt \Sirt\, n. [See {Syrt}.]
A quicksand. [Obs.]
Sirup \Sir"up\Syrup \Syr"up\, n. [F. sirop (cf. It. siroppo, Sp.
jarabe, jarope, LL. siruppus, syrupus), fr. Ar. shar[=a]b a
drink, wine, coffee, sirup. Cf. {Sherbet}.]
1. A thick and viscid liquid made from the juice of fruits,
herbs, etc., boiled with sugar.
2. A thick and viscid saccharine solution of superior quality
(as sugarhouse sirup or molasses, maple sirup);
specifically, in pharmacy and often in cookery, a
saturated solution of sugar and water (simple sirup), or
such a solution flavored or medicated.
Lucent sirups tinct with cinnamon. --Keats.
{Mixing sirup}. See the Note under {Dextrose}.
Siruped \Sir"uped\, Syruped \Syr"uped\, a.
Moistened, covered, or sweetened with sirup, or sweet juice.
Sirupy \Sir"up*y\, Syrupy \Syr"up*y\, a.
Like sirup, or partaking of its qualities. --Mortimer.
Sirvente \Sir`vente"\, n. [F. sirvente, fr. Pr. sirventes,
sirventesc, originally, the poem of, or concerning, a
sirvent, fr. sirvent, properly, serving, n., one who serves
(e. g., as a soldier), fr. servir to serve, L. servire.]
A peculiar species of poetry, for the most part devoted to
moral and religious topics, and commonly satirical, -- often
used by the troubadours of the Middle Ages.
Sis \Sis\, n.
A colloquial abbreviation of {Sister}.
Sis \Sis\, n.
Six. See {Sise}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sisal grass \Si*sal" grass`\, Sisal hemp \Si*sal" hemp`\,
The prepared fiber of the {Agave Americana}, or American
aloe, used for cordage; -- so called from Sisal, a port in
Yucatan. See {Sisal hemp}, under {Hemp}.
Siscowet \Sis"co*wet\, n. [OF American Indian origin.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A large, fat variety of the namaycush found in Lake Superior;
-- called also {siskawet}, {siskiwit}.
Sise \Sise\, n. [From {Assize}.]
An assize. [Obs.]
Sise \Sise\, n. [See {Sice}.]
Six; the highest number on a die; the cast of six in throwing
dice.
In the new casting of a die, when ace is on the top,
sise must needs be at the bottom. --Fuller.
Sisel \Sis"el\, n. [Cf. G. ziesel. Cf. {Zizel}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The suslik.
Siser \Si"ser\, n.
Cider. See {Sicer}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Siserara \Sis"e*ra*ra\, Siserary \Sis"e*ra*ry\, n.
A hard blow. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Siskin \Sis"kin\, n. [Dan. sisgen; cf. Sw. siska, G. zeisig, D.
sijsje; of Slav. origin; cf. Pol. czy?.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small green and yellow European finch ({Spinus spinus},
or {Carduelis spinus}); -- called also {aberdevine}.
(b) The American pinefinch ({S. pinus}); -- called also {pine
siskin}. See {Pinefinch}.
Note: The name is applied also to several other related
species found in Asia and South America.
{Siskin green}, a delicate shade of yellowish green, as in
the mineral torbernite.
Siskiwit \Sis"ki*wit\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The siscowet.
Sismograph \Sis"mo*graph\, n.
See {Seismograph}.
Sismometer \Sis*mom"e*ter\, n.
See {Seismometer}.
Siss \Siss\, v. i. [Of imitative origin; cf. D. sissen, G.
zischen.]
To make a hissing sound; as, a flatiron hot enough to siss
when touched with a wet finger. [Colloq. U. S.; Local, Eng.]
Siss \Siss\, n.
A hissing noise. [Colloq. U. S.]
Sissoo \Sis*soo"\, n. [Hind. s[=i]s?.] (Bot.)
A leguminous tree ({Dalbergia Sissoo}) of the northern parts
of India; also, the dark brown compact and durable timber
obtained from it. It is used in shipbuilding and for gun
carriages, railway ties, etc.
Sist \Sist\, v. t. [L. sistere to bring to a stand, to stop.]
1. (Scots Law) To stay, as judicial proceedings; to delay or
suspend; to stop.
2. To cause to take a place, as at the bar of a court; hence,
to cite; to summon; to bring into court. [Scot.]
Some, however, have preposterously sisted nature as
the first or generative principle. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Sist \Sist\, n. (Scots Law)
A stay or suspension of proceedings; an order for a stay of
proceedings. --Burril.
Sister \Sis"ter\, n. [OE. sister, fr. Icel. systir; also suster,
from AS. sweostor, sweoster, swuster, akin to OFries.
sweester, suster, LG. s["u]ster, suster, D. zuster, OS. &
OHG. swestar, G. schwester, Icel. systir, Sw. syster, Dan.
s["o]ster, Goth. swistar, Lith. ses?, Russ. sestra, Pol.
siostra, L. soror, Skr. svasr. [root]298. Cf. {Cousin}.]
1. A female who has the same parents with another person, or
who has one of them only. In the latter case, she is more
definitely called a half sister. The correlative of
brother.
I am the sister of one Claudio. --Shak.
2. A woman who is closely allied to, or assocciated with,
another person, as in the sdame faith, society, order, or
community. --James ii. 15.
3. One of the same kind, or of the same condition; --
generally used adjectively; as, sister fruits. --Pope.
{Sister Block} (Naut.), a tackle block having two sheaves,
one above the other.
{Sister hooks}, a pair of hooks fitted together, the shank of
one forming a mousing for the other; -- called also {match
hook}.
{Sister of charity}, {Sister of mercy}. (R. C. Ch.) See under
{Charity}, and {Mercy}.
Sister \Sis"ter\, v. t.
To be sister to; to resemble closely. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sisterhood \Sis"ter*hood\, n. [Sister + hood.]
1. The state or relation of being a sister; the office or
duty of a sister.
She . . . abhorr'd Her proper blood, and left to do
the part Of sisterhood, to do that of a wife.
--Daniel.
2. A society of sisters; a society of women united in one
faith or order; sisters, collectively. ``A sisterhood of
holy nuns.'' --Shak.
The fair young flowers . . . a beauteous sisterhood.
--Bryant.
Sistering \Sis"ter*ing\, a.
Contiguous. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sister-in-law \Sis"ter-in-law`\, n.; pl. {Sisters-in-law}.
The sister of one's husband or wife; also, the wife of one's
brother; sometimes, the wife of one's husband's or wife's
brother.
Sisterly \Sis"ter*ly\, a.
Like a sister; becoming a sister, affectionate; as, sisterly
kindness; sisterly remorse. --Shak.
Sistine \Sis"tine\, a.[It. sistino.]
Of or pertaining to Pope Sixtus.
{Sistine chapel}, a chapel in the Vatican at Rome, built by
Pope Sixtus IV., and decorated with frescoes by Michael
Angelo and others.
Sistren \Sis"tren\, n. pl.
Sisters. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sistrum \Sis"trum\, [L., fr. Gr. ???, from ??? to shake.] (Mus.)
An instrument consisting of a thin metal frame, through which
passed a number of metal rods, and furnished with a handle by
which it was shaken and made to rattle. It was peculiarly
Egyptian, and used especially in the worship of Isis. It is
still used in Nubia.
Sisyphean \Sis`y*phe"an\, a.
Relating to Sisyphus; incessantly recurring; as, Sisyphean
labors.
Sisyphus \Sis"y*phus\, n. [L. Sisyphus, Sisyphus, fr. Gr. ????.]
(Class. Myth.)
A king of Corinth, son of [AE]olus, famed for his cunning. He
was killed by Theseus, and in the lower world was condemned
by Pluto to roll to the top of a hill a huge stone, which
constantly rolled back again, making his task incessant.
Sit \Sit\,
obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of {Sit}, for sitteth.
Sit \Sit\, v. i. [imp. {Sat}({Sate}, archaic); p. p. {Sat}
({Sitten}, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. {Sitting}.] [OE. sitten,
AS. sittan; akin to OS. sittian, OFries. sitta, D. zitten, G.
sitzen, OHG. sizzen, Icel. sitja, SW. sitta, Dan. sidde,
Goth. sitan, Russ. sidiete, L. sedere, Gr. ???, Skr. sad.
[root]154. Cf. {Assess},{Assize}, {Cathedral}, {Chair},
{Dissident}, {Excise}, {Insidious}, {Possess}, {Reside},
{Sanhedrim}, {Seance}, {Seat}, n., {Sedate}, {4th Sell},
{Siege}, {Session}, {Set}, v. t., {Sizar}, {Size},
{Subsidy}.]
1. To rest upon the haunches, or the lower extremity of the
trunk of the body; -- said of human beings, and sometimes
of other animals; as, to sit on a sofa, on a chair, or on
the ground.
And he came and took the book put of the right hand
of him that sate upon the seat. --Bible (1551)
(Rev. v. 7.)
I pray you, jest, sir, as you sit at dinner. --Shak.
2. To perch; to rest with the feet drawn up, as birds do on a
branch, pole, etc.
3. To remain in a state of repose; to rest; to abide; to rest
in any position or condition.
And Moses said to . . . the children of Reuben,
Shall your brothren go to war, and shall ye sit
here? --Num. xxxii.
6.
Like a demigod here sit I in the sky. --Shak.
4. To lie, rest, or bear; to press or weigh; -- with on; as,
a weight or burden sits lightly upon him.
The calamity sits heavy on us. --Jer. Taylor.
5. To be adjusted; to fit; as, a coat sts well or ill.
This new and gorgeous garment, majesty, Sits not so
easy on me as you think. --Shak.
6. To suit one well or ill, as an act; to become; to befit;
-- used impersonally. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
7. To cover and warm eggs for hatching, as a fowl; to brood;
to incubate.
As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them
not. --Jer. xvii.
11.
8. To have position, as at the point blown from; to hold a
relative position; to have direction.
Like a good miller that knows how to grind, which
way soever the wind sits. --Selden.
Sits the wind in that quarter? --Sir W.
Scott.
9. To occupy a place or seat as a member of an official body;
as, to sit in Congress.
10. To hold a session; to be in session for official
business; -- said of legislative assemblies, courts,
etc.; as, the court sits in January; the aldermen sit
to-night.
11. To take a position for the purpose of having some
artistic representation of one's self made, as a picture
or a bust; as, to sit to a painter.
{To sit at}, to rest under; to be subject to. [Obs.] ``A
farmer can not husband his ground so well if he sit at a
great rent''. --Bacon.
{To sit at meat} or {at table}, to be at table for eating.
{To sit down}.
(a) To place one's self on a chair or other seat; as, to
sit down when tired.
(b) To begin a siege; as, the enemy sat down before the
town.
(c) To settle; to fix a permanent abode. --Spenser.
(d) To rest; to cease as satisfied. ``Here we can not sit
down, but still proceed in our search.'' --Rogers.
{To sit for a fellowship}, to offer one's self for
examination with a view to obtaining a fellowship. [Eng.
Univ.]
{To sit out}.
(a) To be without engagement or employment. [Obs.] --Bp.
Sanderson.
(b) To outstay.
{To sit under}, to be under the instruction or ministrations
of; as, to sit under a preacher; to sit under good
preaching.
{To sit up}, to rise from, or refrain from, a recumbent
posture or from sleep; to sit with the body upright; as,
to sit up late at night; also, to watch; as, to sit up
with a sick person. ``He that was dead sat up, and began
to speak.'' --Luke vii. 15.
Sit \Sit\, v. t.
1. To sit upon; to keep one's seat upon; as, he sits a horse
well.
Hardly the muse can sit the headstrong horse.
--Prior.
2. To cause to be seated or in a sitting posture; to furnish
a seat to; -- used reflexively.
They sat them down to weep. --Milton.
Sit you down, father; rest you. --Shak.
3. To suit (well or ill); to become. [Obs. or R.]
Site \Site\, n. [L. situs, fr. sinere, situm, to let, p. p.
situs placed, lying, situate: cf. F. site. Cf. {Position}.]
1. The place where anything is fixed; situation; local
position; as, the site of a city or of a house. --Chaucer.
2. A place fitted or chosen for any certain permanent use or
occupation; as, a site for a church.
3. The posture or position of a thing. [R.]
The semblance of a lover fixed In melancholy site.
--Thomson.
Sited \Sit"ed\, a.
Having a site; situated. [Obs.]
[The garden] sited was in fruitful soil. --Chaucer.
Sitfast \Sit"fast`\, a. [Sit + fast.]
Fixed; stationary; immovable. [R.]
'T is good, when you have crossed the sea and back, To
find the sitfast acres where you left them. --Emerson.
Sitfast \Sit"fast`\, n. (Far.)
A callosity with inflamed edges, on the back of a horse,
under the saddle.
Sith \Sith\, prep., adv., & conj. [See {Since}.]
Since; afterwards; seeing that. [Obs.]
We need not fear them, sith Christ is with us.
--Latimer.
Sith thou art rightful judge. --Chaucer.
Sith \Sith\, Sithe \Sithe\, n. [AS. ??? a path, way, time,
occasion.]
Time. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
And humbly thanked him a thousand sithes. --Spenser.
Sithe \Sithe\, v. i. [Cf. {Sigh}.]
To sigh.
Note: [A spelling of a corrupt and provincial pronunciation.]
Sithe \Sithe\, n.
A scythe. [Obs.] --Milton.
Sithe \Sithe\, v. t.
To cut with a scythe; to scythe. [Obs.]
Sithed \Sithed\, a.
Scythed. [Obs.] --T. Warton.
Sitheman \Sithe"man\, n.
A mower. [Obs.] --Marston.
Sithen \Sith"en\, adv. & conj. [See {Since}.]
Since; afterwards. See 1st {Sith}. [Obs.]
Fortune was first friend and sithen foe. --Chaucer.
Sithence \Sith"ence\, Sithens \Sith"ens\, adv. & conj.
Since. See {Sith}, and {Sithen}. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Siththen \Sith"then\, adv. & conj.
See {Sithen}. [Obs.]
Siththen that the world began. --Chaucer.
Sitology \Si*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ???? food + -logy.]
A treatise on the regulation of the diet; dietetics. [Written
also {sitiology}.]
Sitophobia \Si`to*pho"bi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ???? food + ????
fear.] (Med.)
A version to food; refusal to take nourishment. [Written also
{sitiophobia}.]
Sitten \Sit"ten\, obs.
p. p. of {Sit}, for sat.
Sitter \Sit"ter\, n.
1. One who sits; esp., one who sits for a portrait or a bust.
2. A bird that sits or incubates.
Sittine \Sit"tine\, a. [NL. sitta the nuthatch, from Gr. ???.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the family {Sittid[ae]}, or nuthatches.
Sitting \Sit"ting\, a.
Being in the state, or the position, of one who, or that
which, sits.
Sitting \Sit"ting\, n.
1. The state or act of one who sits; the posture of one who
occupies a seat.
2. A seat, or the space occupied by or allotted for a person,
in a church, theater, etc.; as, the hall has 800 sittings.
3. The act or time of sitting, as to a portrait painter,
photographer, etc.
4. The actual presence or meeting of any body of men in their
seats, clothed with authority to transact business; a
session; as, a sitting of the judges of the King's Bench,
or of a commission.
The sitting closed in great agitation. --Macaulay.
5. The time during which one sits while doing something, as
reading a book, playing a game, etc.
For the understanding of any one of St. Paul's
Epistles I read it all through at one sitting.
--Locke.
6. A brooding over eggs for hatching, as by fowls.
The male bird . . . amuses her [the female] with his
songs during the whole time of her sitting.
--Addison.
{Sitting room}, an apartment where the members of a family
usually sit, as distinguished from a drawing-room, parlor,
chamber, or kitchen.
Situate \Sit"u*ate\ (?; 135), Situated \Sit"u*a`ted\, a. [LL.
situatus, from situare to place, fr. L. situs situation,
site. See {Site}.]
1. Having a site, situation, or location; being in a relative
position; permanently fixed; placed; located; as, a town
situated, or situate, on a hill or on the seashore.
2. Placed; residing.
Pleasure situate in hill and dale. --Milton.
Note: Situate is now less used than situated, but both are
well authorized.
Situate \Sit"u*ate\, v. t.
To place. [R.] --Landor.
Situation \Sit`u*a"tion\, n. [LL. situatio: cf. F. situation.]
1. Manner in which an object is placed; location, esp. as
related to something else; position; locality site; as, a
house in a pleasant situation.
2. Position, as regards the conditions and circumstances of
the case.
A situation of the greatest ease and tranquillity.
--Rogers.
3. Relative position; circumstances; temporary state or
relation at a moment of action which excites interest, as
of persons in a dramatic scene.
There's situation for you! there's an heroic group!
--Sheridan.
4. Permanent position or employment; place; office; as, a
situation in a store; a situation under government.
Syn: State; position; seat; site; station; post; place;
office; condition; case; plight. See {State}.
Situs \Si"tus\, n. [L., situation.] (Bot.)
The method in which the parts of a plant are arranged; also,
the position of the parts. --Henslow.
Sitz bath \Sitz" bath`\ [G. sitzbad.]
A tub in which one bathes in a sitting posture; also, a bath
so taken; a hip bath.
Siva \Si"va\, n. [Skr. Civa, properly, kind, gracious.] (Hindoo
Myth.)
One of the triad of Hindoo gods. He is the avenger or
destroyer, and in modern worship symbolizes the reproductive
power of nature.
Sivan \Si"van\, n. [Heb. s[=i]v[=a]n.]
The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year; --
supposed to correspond nearly with our month of June.
Sivatherium \Siv`a*the"ri*um\, n. [NL., from E. Siva + Gr. ????
a beast, an animal.] (Paleon.)
A genus of very large extinct ruminants found in the Tertiary
formation of India. The snout was prolonged in the form of a
proboscis. The male had four horns, the posterior pair being
large and branched. It was allied to the antelopes, but very
much larger than any exsisting species.
Siver \Siv"er\, v. i.
To simmer. [Obs.] --Holland.
Sivvens \Siv"vens\, n. (Med.)
See {Sibbens}.
Siwin \Si"win\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Sewen}.
Six \Six\, a. [AS. six, seox, siex; akin to OFries. sex, D. zes,
OS. & OHG. sehs, G. sechs, Icel., Sw., & Dan. sex, Goth.
sa['i]hs, Lith. szeszi, Russ. sheste, Gael. & Ir. se, W.
chwech, L. sex, Gr. ??, Per. shesh, Skr. shash. [root]304.
Cf. {Hexagon}, {Hexameter}, {Samite}, {Senary}, {Sextant},
{Sice}.]
One more than five; twice three; as, six yards.
{Six Nations} (Ethnol.), a confederation of North American
Indians formed by the union of the Tuscaroras and the Five
Nations.
{Six points circle}. (Geom.) See {Nine points circle}, under
{Nine}.
Six \Six\, n.
1. The number greater by a unit than five; the sum of three
and three; six units or objects.
2. A symbol representing six units, as 6, vi., or VI.
{To be at six and seven} or {at sixes and sevens}, to be in
disorder. --Bacon. Shak. Swift.
Sixfold \Six"fold`\, a. [AS. sixfealand.]
Six times repeated; six times as much or as many.
Six-footer \Six"-foot`er\, n.
One who is six feet tall. [Colloq. U.S.]
Sixpence \Six"pence\, n.; pl. {Sixpences}.
An English silver coin of the value of six pennies; half a
shilling, or about twelve cents.
Sixpenny \Six"pen`ny\, a.
Of the value of, or costing, sixpence; as, a sixpenny loaf.
Sixscore \Six"score`\, a. & n. [Six + score, n.]
Six times twenty; one hundred and twenty.
Six-shooter \Six"-shoot`er\, n.
A pistol or other firearm which can be fired six times
without reloading especially, a six-chambered revolver.
[Colloq. U.S.]
Sixteen \Six"teen`\, a. [AS. sixt?ne, sixt?ne. See {Six}, and
{Ten}, and cf. {Sixty}.]
Six and ten; consisting of six and ten; fifteen and one more.
Sixteen \Six"teen`\, n.
1. The number greater by a unit than fifteen; the sum of ten
and six; sixteen units or objects.
2. A symbol representing sixteen units, as 16, or xvi.
Sixteenmo \Six*teen"mo\, n.; pl. {Sixteenmos}.
See {Sextodecimo}.
Sixteenth \Six"teenth`\, a. [From {Sixteen}: cf. AS.
sixte['o]?a.]
1. Sixth after the tenth; next in order after the fifteenth.
2. Constituting or being one of sixteen equal parts into
which anything is divided.
{Sixteenth note} (Mus.), the sixteenth part of a whole note;
a semiquaver.
Sixteenth \Six"teenth`\, n.
1. The quotient of a unit divided by sixteen; one of sixteen
equal parts of one whole.
2. The next in order after the fifteenth; the sixth after the
tenth.
3. (Mus.) An interval comprising two octaves and a second.
--Moore (Encyc. of Music.)
Sixth \Sixth\, a. [From Six: cf. AS. sixta, siexta.]
1. First after the fifth; next in order after the fifth.
2. Constituting or being one of six equal parts into which
anything is divided.
Sixth \Sixth\, n.
1. The quotient of a unit divided by six; one of six equal
parts which form a whole.
2. The next in order after the fifth.
3. (Mus.) The interval embracing six diatonic degrees of the
scale.
Sixthly \Sixth"ly\, adv.
In the sixth place. --Bacon.
Sixtieth \Six"ti*eth\, a. [As. sixtiogo[eth]a, sixtigo[eth]a.]
1. Next in order after the fifty-ninth.
2. Constituting or being one one of sixty equal parts into
which anything is divided.
Sixtieth \Six"ti*eth\, n.
1. The quotient of a unit divided by sixty; one of sixty
equal parts forming a whole.
2. The next in order after the fifty-ninth; the tenth after
the fiftieth.
Sixty \Six"ty\, a. [AS. siextig; akin to G. sechzig, Goth.
sa['i]hs tigjus. See {Six}, {Ten}, and cf. {Sixteen}.]
Six times ten; fifty-nine and one more; threescore.
Sixty \Six"ty\, n.; pl. {Sixties}.
1. The sum of six times ten; sixty units or objects.
2. A symbol representing sixty units, as 60, lx., or LX.
Sixty-fourth \Six`ty-fourth"\, a.
Constituting or being one of sixty-four equal parts into
which a thing is divided.
{Sixty-fourth note} (Mus.), the sixty-fourth part of a whole
note; a hemi-demi-semiquaver.
Sizable \Siz"a*ble\, a.
1. Of considerable size or bulk. ``A sizable volume.'' --Bp.
Hurd.
2. Being of reasonable or suitable size; as, sizable timber;
sizable bulk. --Arbuthnot.
Sizar \Si"zar\, n.
One of a body of students in the universities of Cambridge
(Eng.) and Dublin, who, having passed a certain examination,
are exempted from paying college fees and charges. A sizar
corresponded to a servitor at Oxford.
The sizar paid nothing for food and tuition, and very
little for lodging. --Macaulay.
Note: They formerly waited on the table at meals; but this is
done away with. They were probably so called from being
thus employed in distributing the size, or provisions.
See 4th {Size}, 2.
Sizarship \Si"zar*ship\, n.
The position or standing of a sizar.
Size \Size\, n. [See {Sice}, and {Sise}.]
Six.
Size \Size\, n. [OIt. sisa glue used by painters, shortened fr.
assisa, fr. assidere, p. p. assiso, to make to sit, to seat,
to place, L. assidere to sit down; ad + sidere to sit down,
akin to sedere to sit. See {Sit}, v. i., and cf. {Assize},
{Size} bulk.]
1. A thin, weak glue used in various trades, as in painting,
bookbinding, paper making, etc.
2. Any viscous substance, as gilder's varnish.
Size \Size\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sized}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sizing}.]
To cover with size; to prepare with size.
Size \Size\, n. [Abbrev. from assize. See {Assize}, and cf.
{Size} glue.]
1. A settled quantity or allowance. See {Assize}. [Obs.] ``To
scant my sizes.'' --Shak.
2. (Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.) An allowance of food and drink
from the buttery, aside from the regular dinner at
commons; -- corresponding to battel at Oxford.
3. Extent of superficies or volume; bulk; bigness; magnitude;
as, the size of a tree or of a mast; the size of a ship or
of a rock.
4. Figurative bulk; condition as to rank, ability, character,
etc.; as, the office demands a man of larger size.
Men of a less size and quality. --L'Estrange.
The middling or lower size of people. --Swift.
5. A conventional relative measure of dimension, as for
shoes, gloves, and other articles made up for sale.
6. An instrument consisting of a number of perforated gauges
fastened together at one end by a rivet, -- used for
ascertaining the size of pearls. --Knight.
{Size roll}, a small piese of parchment added to a roll.
{Size stick}, a measuring stick used by shoemakers for
ascertaining the size of the foot.
Syn: Dimension; bigness; largeness; greatness; magnitude.
Size \Size\, v. t.
1. To fix the standard of. ``To size weights and measures.''
[R.] --Bacon.
2. To adjust or arrange according to size or bulk.
Specifically:
(a) (Mil.) To take the height of men, in order to place
them in the ranks according to their stature.
(b) (Mining) To sift, as pieces of ore or metal, in order
to separate the finer from the coarser parts.
3. To swell; to increase the bulk of. --Beau. & Fl.
4. (Mech.) To bring or adjust anything exactly to a required
dimension, as by cutting.
{To size up}, to estimate or ascertain the character and
ability of. See 4th {Size}, 4. [Slang, U.S.]
We had to size up our fellow legislators. --The
Century.
Size \Size\, v. i.
1. To take greater size; to increase in size.
Our desires give them fashion, and so, As they wax
lesser, fall, as they size, grow. --Donne.
2. (Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.) To order food or drink from the
buttery; hence, to enter a score, as upon the buttery
book.
Sized \Sized\, a.
1. Adjusted according to size.
2. Having a particular size or magnitude; -- chiefly used in
compounds; as, large-sized; common-sized.
Sizel \Si"zel\, n.
Same as {Scissel}, 2.
Sizer \Siz"er\, n.
1. See {Sizar}.
2. (Mech.)
(a) An instrument or contrivance to size articles, or to
determine their size by a standard, or to separate and
distribute them according to size.
(b) An instrument or tool for bringing anything to an
exact size.
Siziness \Siz"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sizy; viscousness.
Sizing \Siz"ing\, n.
1. Act of covering or treating with size.
2. A weak glue used in various trades; size.
Sizing \Siz"ing\, n.
1. The act of sorting with respect to size.
2. The act of bringing anything to a certain size.
3. (Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.) Food and drink ordered from the
buttery by a student.
Sizy \Siz"y\, a. [From 2d {Size}.]
Sizelike; viscous; glutinous; as, sizy blood. --Arbuthnot.
Sizzle \Siz"zle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sizzled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sizzling}.] [See {Siss}.]
To make a hissing sound; to fry, or to dry and shrivel up,
with a hissing sound. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] --Forby.
Sizzle \Siz"zle\, n.
A hissing sound, as of something frying over a fire. [Prov.
Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
Sizzling \Siz"zling\,
a. & n. from {Sizzle}.
Skaddle \Skad"dle\, n. [Dim. of scath.]
Hurt; damage. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Ray.
Skaddle \Skad"dle\, a.
Hurtful. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Ray.
Skaddon \Skad"don\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The larva of a bee. [Prov. Eng.]
Skag \Skag\, n. (Naut.)
An additional piece fastened to the keel of a boat to prevent
lateral motion. See {Skeg}.
Skain \Skain\, n.
See {Skein}. [Obs.]
Skain \Skain\, n.
See {Skean}. --Drayton.
Skainsmate \Skains"mate`\, n. [Perhaps originally, a companion
in winding thread (see {Skein}), or a companion in arms, from
skain a sword (see {Skean}).]
A messmate; a companion. [Obs.]
Scurvy knave! I am none of his firt-gills; I am none of
his skainsmates. --Shak.
Skaith \Skaith\, n.
See {Scatch}. [Scot.]
Skald \Skald\, n.
See 5th {Scald}.
Skaldic \Skald"ic\, a.
See {Scaldic}. --Max M["u]ller.
Skall \Skall\, v. t.
To scale; to mount. [Obs.]
Skar \Skar\, Skare \Skare\, a. [From the root of scare.]
Wild; timid; shy. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Skart \Skart\, n. [Cf. {Scarf} a cormorant.] (Zo["o]l.)
The shag. [Prov. Eng.]
Skate \Skate\, n. [D. schaats. Cf. {Scatches}.]
A metallic runner with a frame shaped to fit the sole of a
shoe, -- made to be fastened under the foot, and used for
moving rapidly on ice.
Batavia rushes forth; and as they sweep, On sounding
skates, a thousand different ways, In circling poise,
swift as the winds, along, The then gay land is
maddened all to joy. --Thomson.
{Roller skate}. See under {Roller}.
Skate \Skate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Skated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skating}.]
To move on skates.
Skate \Skate\, n. [Icel. skata; cf. Prov. G. schatten,
meer-schatten, L. squatus, squatina, and E. shad.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of large, flat elasmobranch
fishes of the genus {Raia}, having a long, slender tail,
terminated by a small caudal fin. The pectoral fins, which
are large and broad and united to the sides of the body and
head, give a somewhat rhombic form to these fishes. The skin
is more or less spinose.
Note: Some of the species are used for food, as the European
blue or gray skate ({Raia batis}), which sometimes
weighs nearly 200 pounds. The American smooth, or
barn-door, skate ({R. l[ae]vis}) is also a large
species, often becoming three or four feet across. The
common spiny skate ({R. erinacea}) is much smaller.
{Skate's egg}. See {Sea purse}.
{Skate sucker}, any marine leech of the genus {Pontobdella},
parasitic on skates.
Skater \Skat"er\, n.
1. One who skates.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of hemipterous
insects belonging to {Gerris}, {Pyrrhocoris}, {Prostemma},
and allied genera. They have long legs, and run rapidly
over the surface of the water, as if skating.
Skatol \Ska"tol\, n. [Gr. ???, dung + -ol.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A constituent of human f[ae]ces formed in the small
intestines as a product of the putrefaction of albuminous
matter. It is also found in reduced indigo. Chemically it is
methyl indol, {C9H9N}.
Skayles \Skayles\, n.
[[root]159.] Skittles. [Obs.]
Skean \Skean\, n. [Ir sgian; akin to Gael. sgian, W. ysgien a
large knife, a scimiter.]
A knife or short dagger, esp. that in use among the
Highlanders of Scotland. [Variously spelt.] ``His skean, or
pistol.'' --Spenser.
Skedaddle \Ske*dad"dle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Skedaddled}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Skedaddling}.] [Of uncertain etymology.]
To betake one's self to flight, as if in a panic; to flee; to
run away. [Slang, U. S.]
Skee \Skee\, n. [Dan. ski; Icel. sk[=i]? a billet of wood. See
{Skid}.]
A long strip of wood, curved upwards in front, used on the
foot for sliding.
Skeed \Skeed\, n.
See {Skid}.
Skeel \Skeel\, n. [Icel. skj?la a pail, bucket.]
A shallow wooden vessel for holding milk or cream. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.] --Grose.
Skeelduck \Skeel"duck`\, Skeelgoose \Skeel"goose`\, n. [See
{Sheldrake}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common European sheldrake. [Prov. Eng.]
Skeet \Skeet\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)
A scoop with a long handle, used to wash the sides of a
vessel, and formerly to wet the sails or deck.
Skeg \Skeg\, n. [Prov. E., also a stump of a branch, a wooden
peg; cf. Icel. sk?gr a wood, Sw. skog. Cf. {Shaw}.]
1. A sort of wild plum. [Obs.] --Holland.
2. pl. A kind of oats. --Farm. Encyc.
3. (Naut.) The after part of the keel of a vessel, to which
the rudder is attached.
Skegger \Skeg"ger\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The parr. --Walton.
Skein \Skein\, n. [OE. skeyne, OF. escaigne, F. ['e]cagne,
probably of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. sgainne, Gael. sgeinnidh
thread, small twine; or perhaps the English word is
immediately from Celtic.]
1. A quantity of yarn, thread, or the like, put up together,
after it is taken from the reel, -- usually tied in a sort
of knot.
Note: A skein of cotton yarn is formed by eighty turns of the
thread round a fifty-four inch reel.
2. (Wagon Making) A metallic strengthening band or thimble on
the wooden arm of an axle. --Knight.
Skein \Skein\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A flight of wild fowl (wild geese or the like). [Prov. Eng.]
Skeine \Skeine\, n.
See {Skean}.
Skelder \Skel"der\, v. t. & i. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To deceive; to cheat; to trick. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Skelder \Skel"der\, n.
A vagrant; a cheat. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Skeldrake \Skel"drake`\, or Skieldrake \Skiel"drake`\, n.
(Zo["o]l.)
(a) The common European sheldrake.
(b) The oyster catcher.
Skelet \Skel"et\, n.
A skeleton. See {Scelet}.
Skeletal \Skel"e*tal\, a.
Pertaining to the skeleton.
Skeletogenous \Skel`e*tog"e*nous\, a. [Skeleton + -genous.]
Forming or producing parts of the skeleton.
Skeletology \Skel`e*tol"o*gy\, n. [Skeleton + -logy.]
That part of anatomy which treats of the skeleton; also, a
treatise on the skeleton.
Skeleton \Skel"e*ton\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ???? (sc. ???) a dried
body, a mummy, fr. ???? dried up, parched, ???? to dry, dry
up, parch.]
1. (Anat.)
(a) The bony and cartilaginous framework which supports
the soft parts of a vertebrate animal.
Note: [See Illust. of the Human Skeleton, in Appendix.]
(b) The more or less firm or hardened framework of an
invertebrate animal.
Note: In a wider sense, the skeleton includes the whole
connective-tissue framework with the integument and its
appendages. See {Endoskeleton}, and {Exoskeleton}.
2. Hence, figuratively:
(a) A very thin or lean person.
(b) The framework of anything; the principal parts that
support the rest, but without the appendages.
The great skeleton of the world. --Sir M. Hale.
(c) The heads and outline of a literary production,
especially of a sermon.
Skeleton \Skel"e*ton\, a.
Consisting of, or resembling, a skeleton; consisting merely
of the framework or outlines; having only certain leading
features of anything; as, a skeleton sermon; a skeleton
crystal.
{Skeleton bill}, a bill or draft made out in blank as to the
amount or payee, but signed by the acceptor. [Eng.]
{Skeleton key}, a key with nearly the whole substance of the
web filed away, to adapt it to avoid the wards of a lock;
a master key; -- used for opening locks to which it has
not been especially fitted.
{Skeleton leaf}, a leaf from which the pulpy part has been
removed by chemical means, the fibrous part alone
remaining.
{Skeleton proof}, a proof of a print or engraving, with the
inscription outlined in hair strokes only, such proofs
being taken before the engraving is finished.
{Skeleton regiment}, a regiment which has its complement of
officers, but in which there are few enlisted men.
{Skeleton shrimp} (Zo["o]l.), a small crustacean of the genus
{Caprella}. See Illust. under {L[ae]modipoda}.
Skeletonize \Skel"e*ton*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Skeletonized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Skeletonizing}.]
To prepare a skeleton of; also, to reduce, as a leaf, to its
skeleton. --Pop. Sci. Monthly.
Skeletonizer \Skel"e*ton*i`zer\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any small moth whose larva eats the parenchyma of leaves,
leaving the skeleton; as, the apple-leaf skeletonizer.
Skellum \Skel"lum\, n. [Dan. schelm, fr. G. schelm.]
A scoundrel. [Obs. or Scot.] --Pepys. Burns.
Skelly \Skel"ly\, v. i. [Cf. Dan. skele, Sw. skela.]
To squint. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Skelly \Skel"ly\, n.
A squint. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Skelp \Skelp\, n. [Cf. Prov. E. skelp to kick severely, to move
rapidly; Gael. sgealp, n., a slap with the palm of the hand,
v., to strike with the palm of the hand.]
1. A blow; a smart stroke. [Prov. Eng.] --Brockett.
2. A squall; also, a heavy fall of rain. [Scot.]
Skelp \Skelp\, v. t.
To strike; to slap. [Scot.] --C. Reade.
Skelp \Skelp\, n.
A wrought-iron plate from which a gun barrel or pipe is made
by bending and welding the edges together, and drawing the
thick tube thus formed.
Skelter \Skel"ter\, v. i. [Cf. {Helter-skelter}.]
To run off helter-skelter; to hurry; to scurry; -- with away
or off. [Colloq.] --A. R. Wallace.
Sken \Sken\, v. i.
To squint. [Prov. Eng.]
Skene \Skene\, n.
See {Skean}. --C. Kingsley.
Skep \Skep\, n. [Icel. skeppa a measure, bushel; cf. Gael. sgeap
a basket, a beehive.]
1. A coarse round farm basket. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
--Tusser.
2. A beehive. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Skeptic \Skep"tic\, n. [Gr. skeptiko`s thoughtful, reflective,
fr. ske`ptesqai to look carefully or about, to view,
consider: cf. L. scepticus, F. sceptique. See {Scope}.]
[Written also {sceptic}.]
1. One who is yet undecided as to what is true; one who is
looking or inquiring for what is true; an inquirer after
facts or reasons.
2. (Metaph.) A doubter as to whether any fact or truth can be
certainly known; a universal doubter; a Pyrrhonist; hence,
in modern usage, occasionally, a person who questions
whether any truth or fact can be established on
philosophical grounds; sometimes, a critical inquirer, in
opposition to a dogmatist.
All this criticism [of Hume] proceeds upon the
erroneous hypothesis that he was a dogmatist. He was
a skeptic; that is, he accepted the principles
asserted by the prevailing dogmatism: and only
showed that such and such conclusions were, on these
principles, inevitable. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
3. (Theol.) A person who doubts the existence and perfections
of God, or the truth of revelation; one who disbelieves
the divine origin of the Christian religion.
Suffer not your faith to be shaken by the
sophistries of skeptics. --S. Clarke.
Note: This word and its derivatives are often written with c
instead of k in the first syllable, -- sceptic,
sceptical, scepticism, etc. Dr. Johnson, struck with
the extraordinary irregularity of giving c its hard
sound before e, altered the spelling, and his example
has been followed by most of the lexicographers who
have succeeded him; yet the prevalent practice among
English writers and printers is in favor of the other
mode. In the United States this practice is reversed, a
large and increasing majority of educated persons
preferring the orthography which is most in accordance
with etymology and analogy.
Syn: Infidel; unbeliever; doubter. -- See {Infidel}.
Skeptic \Skep"tic\, Skeptical \Skep"tic*al\, a. [Written also
sceptic, sceptical.]
1. Of or pertaining to a sceptic or skepticism; characterized
by skepticism; hesitating to admit the certainly of
doctrines or principles; doubting of everything.
2. (Theol.) Doubting or denying the truth of revelation, or
the sacred Scriptures.
The skeptical system subverts the whole foundation
of morals. --R. Hall.
-- {Skep"tac*al*ly}, adv. -- {Skep"tic*al*ness}, n.
Skepticism \Skep"ti*cism\, n. [Cf. F. scepticisme.] [Written
also {scepticism}.]
1. An undecided, inquiring state of mind; doubt; uncertainty.
That momentary amazement, and irresolution, and
confusion, which is the result of skepticism.
--Hune.
2. (Metaph.) The doctrine that no fact or principle can be
certainly known; the tenet that all knowledge is
uncertain; Pyrrohonism; universal doubt; the position that
no fact or truth, however worthy of confidence, can be
established on philosophical grounds; critical
investigation or inquiry, as opposed to the positive
assumption or assertion of certain principles.
3. (Theol.) A doubting of the truth of revelation, or a
denial of the divine origin of the Christian religion, or
of the being, perfections, or truth of God.
Let no . . . secret skepticism lead any one to doubt
whether this blessed prospect will be realized. --S.
Miller.
Skepticize \Skep"ti*cize\, v. i.
To doubt; to pretend to doubt of everything. [R.]
To skepticize, where no one else will . . . hesitate.
--Shaftesbury.
Skerry \Sker"ry\, n.; pl. {Skerries}. [Of Scand. origin; cf.
Icel. sker, Sw. sk["a]r, Dan. ski?r. Cf. {Scar} a bank.]
A rocky isle; an insulated rock. [Scot.]
Sketch \Sketch\, n. [D. schets, fr. It. schizzo a sketch, a
splash (whence also F. esquisse; cf. {Esquisse}.); cf. It.
schizzare to splash, to sketch.]
An outline or general delineation of anything; a first rough
or incomplete draught or plan of any design; especially, in
the fine arts, such a representation of an object or scene as
serves the artist's purpose by recording its chief features;
also, a preliminary study for an original work.
Syn: Outline; delineation; draught; plan; design.
Usage: {Sketch}, {Outline}, {Delineation}. An outline gives
only the bounding lines of some scene or picture. A
sketch fills up the outline in part, giving broad
touches, by which an imperfect idea may be conveyed. A
delineation goes further, carrying out the more
striking features of the picture, and going so much
into detail as to furnish a clear conception of the
whole. Figuratively, we may speak of the outlines of a
plan, of a work, of a project, etc., which serve as a
basis on which the subordinate parts are formed, or of
sketches of countries, characters, manners, etc.,
which give us a general idea of the things described.
--Crabb.
Sketch \Sketch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sketched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sketching}.] [Cf D. schetsen, It. schizzare. See {Sketch},
n.]
1. To draw the outline or chief features of; to make a rought
of.
2. To plan or describe by giving the principal points or
ideas of.
Syn: To delineate; design; draught; depict.
Sketch \Sketch\, v. i.
To make sketches, as of landscapes.
Sketchbook \Sketch"book`\, n.
A book of sketches or for sketches.
Sketcher \Sketch"er\, n.
One who sketches.
Sketchily \Sketch"i*ly\, adv.
In a sketchy or incomplete manner. ``Sketchily descriptive.''
--Bartlett.
Sketchiness \Sketch"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sketchy; lack of finish;
incompleteness.
Sketchy \Sketch"y\, a.
Containing only an outline or rough form; being in the manner
of a sketch; incomplete.
The execution is sketchy throughout; the head, in
particular, is left in the rough. --J. S.
Harford.
Skew \Skew\, adv. [Cf. D. scheef. Dan. ski?v, Sw. skef, Icel.
skeifr, G. schief, also E. shy, a. & v. i.]
Awry; obliquely; askew.
Skew \Skew\, a.
Turned or twisted to one side; situated obliquely; skewed; --
chiefly used in technical phrases.
{Skew arch}, an oblique arch. See under {Oblique}.
{Skew back}. (Civil Engin.)
(a) The course of masonry, the stone, or the iron plate,
having an inclined face, which forms the abutment for the
voussoirs of a segmental arch.
(b) A plate, cap, or shoe, having an inclined face to receive
the nut of a diagonal brace, rod, or the end of an
inclined strut, in a truss or frame.
{Skew bridge}. See under {Bridge}, n.
{Skew curve} (Geom.), a curve of double curvature, or a
twisted curve. See {Plane curve}, under {Curve}.
{Skew gearing}, or {Skew bevel gearing} (Mach.), toothed
gearing, generally resembling bevel gearing, for
connecting two shafts that are neither parallel nor
intersecting, and in which the teeth slant across the
faces of the gears.
{Skew surface} (Geom.), a ruled surface such that in general
two successive generating straight lines do not intersect;
a warped surface; as, the helicoid is a skew surface.
{Skew symmetrical determinant} (Alg.), a determinant in which
the elements in each column of the matrix are equal to the
elements of the corresponding row of the matrix with the
signs changed, as in (1), below. (1) 0 2 -3-2 0 53 -5 0
(2) 4 -1 71 8 -2-7 2 1
Note: This requires that the numbers in the diagonal from the
upper left to lower right corner be zeros. A like
determinant in which the numbers in the diagonal are
not zeros is a skew determinant, as in (2), above.
Skew \Skew\, n. (Arch.)
A stone at the foot of the slope of a gable, the offset of a
buttress, or the like, cut with a sloping surface and with a
check to receive the coping stones and retain them in place.
Skew \Skew\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Skewed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skewing}.]
1. To walk obliquely; to go sidling; to lie or move
obliquely.
Child, you must walk straight, without skewing.
--L'Estrange.
2. To start aside; to shy, as a horse. [Prov. Eng.]
3. To look obliquely; to squint; hence, to look slightingly
or suspiciously. --Beau. & Fl.
Skew \Skew\, v. t. [See {Skew}, adv.]
1. To shape or form in an oblique way; to cause to take an
oblique position.
2. To throw or hurl obliquely.
Skewbald \Skew"bald`\, a.
Marked with spots and patches of white and some color other
than black; -- usually distinguished from piebald, in which
the colors are properly white and black. Said of horses.
Skewer \Skew"er\, n. [Probably of Scand, origin; cf. Sw. & Dan.
skifer a slate. Cf. {Shuver} a fragment.]
A pin of wood or metal for fastening meat to a spit, or for
keeping it in form while roasting.
Meat well stuck with skewers to make it look round.
--Swift.
Skewer \Skew"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Skewered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Skewering}.]
To fasten with skewers.
Skid \Skid\ (sk[i^]d), n. [Icel. sk[=i][eth] a billet of wood.
See {Shide}.] [Written also {skeed}.]
1. A shoe or clog, as of iron, attached to a chain, and
placed under the wheel of a wagon to prevent its turning
when descending a steep hill; a drag; a skidpan; also, by
extension, a hook attached to a chain, and used for the
same purpose.
2. A piece of timber used as a support, or to receive
pressure. Specifically:
(a) pl. (Naut.) Large fenders hung over a vessel's side to
protect it in handling a cargo. --Totten.
(b) One of a pair of timbers or bars, usually arranged so
as to form an inclined plane, as form a wagon to a
door, along which anything is moved by sliding or
rolling.
(c) One of a pair of horizontal rails or timbers for
supporting anything, as a boat, a barrel, etc.
Skid \Skid\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Skidded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skidding}.]
1. To protect or support with a skid or skids; also, to cause
to move on skids.
2. To check with a skid, as wagon wheels. --Dickens.
Skiddaw \Skid"daw`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The black guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]
Skidpan \Skid"pan`\, n.
See {Skid}, n., 1. [Eng.]
Skied \Skied\,
imp. & p. p. of {Sky}, v. t.
Skiey \Ski"ey\, a.
See {Skyey}. --Shelley.
Skiff \Skiff\, n. [F. esquif, fr. OHG. skif, G. schiff. See
{Ship}.]
A small, light boat.
The pilot of some small night-foundered skiff.
--Milton.
{Skiff caterpillar} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of a moth
({Limacodes scapha}); -- so called from its peculiar
shape.
Skiff \Skiff\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Skiffed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skiffing}.]
To navigate in a skiff. [R.]
Skiffling \Skif"fling\, n. (Quarrying)
Rough dressing by knocking off knobs or projections;
knobbing.
Skilder \Skil"der\, v. i.
To beg; to pilfer; to skelder. [Prov. Eng.& Scot.] --Sir W.
Scott.
Skilful \Skil"ful\, a.
See {Skilful}.
Skill \Skill\, n. [Icel. skil a distinction, discernment; akin
to skilja to separate, divide, distinguish, Sw. skilja,.
skille to separate, skiel reason, right, justice, Sw. sk["a]l
reason, Lith. skelli to cleave. Cf. {Shell}, {Shoal}, a
multitude.]
1. Discrimination; judgment; propriety; reason; cause. [Obs.]
--Shak. ``As it was skill and right.'' --Chaucer.
For great skill is, he prove that he wrought. [For
with good reason he should test what he created.]
--Chaucer.
2. Knowledge; understanding. [Obsoles.]
That by his fellowship he color might Both his
estate and love from skill of any wight. --Spenser.
Nor want we skill or art. --Milton.
3. The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united with
readiness and dexterity in execution or performance, or in
the application of the art or science to practical
purposes; power to discern and execute; ability to
perceive and perform; expertness; aptitude; as, the skill
of a mathematician, physician, surgeon, mechanic, etc.
Phocion, . . . by his great wisdom and skill at
negotiations, diverted Alexander from the conquest
of Athens. --Swift.
Where patience her sweet skill imparts. --Keble.
4. Display of art; exercise of ability; contrivance; address.
[Obs.]
Richard . . . by a thousand princely skills,
gathering so much corn as if he meant not to return.
--Fuller.
5. Any particular art. [Obs.]
Learned in one skill, and in another kind of
learning unskillful. --Hooker.
Syn: Dexterity; adroitness; expertness; art; aptitude;
ability.
Usage: {Skill}, {Dexterity}, {Adroitness}. Skill is more
intelligent, denoting familiar knowledge united to
readiness of performance. Dexterity, when applied to
the body, is more mechanical, and refers to habitual
ease of execution. Adroitness involves the same image
with dexterity, and differs from it as implaying a
general facility of movement (especially in avoidance
of danger or in escaping from a difficalty). The same
distinctions apply to the figurative sense of the
words. A man is skillful in any employment when he
understands both its theory and its practice. He is
dexterous when he maneuvers with great lightness. He
is adroit in the use od quick, sudden, and
well-directed movements of the body or the mind, so as
to effect the object he has in view.
Skill \Skill\, v. t.
To know; to understand. [Obs.]
To skill the arts of expressing our mind. --Barrow.
Skill \Skill\, v. i.
1. To be knowing; to have understanding; to be dexterous in
performance. [Obs.]
I can not skill of these thy ways. --Herbert.
2. To make a difference; to signify; to matter; -- used
impersonally. --Spenser.
What skills it, if a bag of stones or gold About thy
neck do drown thee? --Herbert.
It skills not talking of it. --Sir W.
Scott.
Skilled \Skilled\, a.
Having familiar knowledge united with readiness and dexterity
in its application; familiarly acquainted with; expert;
skillful; -- often followed by in; as, a person skilled in
drawing or geometry.
Skillet \Skil"let\, n. [OF. escuelette, dim. of escuelle a
porringer, F. ecuelle, fr. L. scutella, dim. of scutra,
scuta, a dish. Cf. {Scuttle} a basket.]
A small vessel of iron, copper, or other metal, with a
handle, used for culinary purpose, as for stewing meat.
Skillful \Skill"ful\, a. [Written also skilful.]
1. Discerning; reasonable; judicious; cunning. [Obs.] ``Of
skillful judgment.'' --Chaucer.
2. Possessed of, or displaying, skill; knowing and ready;
expert; well-versed; able in management; as, a skillful
mechanic; -- often followed by at, in, or of; as, skillful
at the organ; skillful in drawing.
And they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and
such as are skillful of lamentations to wailing.
--Amos v. 16.
Syn: Expert; skilled; dexterous; adept; masterly; adroit;
clever; cunning. -- {Skill"ful*ly}, adv. --
{Skill"ful*ness}, n.
Skilligalee \Skil`li*ga*lee"\, n.
A kind of thin, weak broth or oatmeal porridge, served out to
prisoners and paupers in England; also, a drink made of
oatmeal, sugar, and water, sometimes used in the English navy
or army. [Written also {skilligolee}, {skillygalee}, etc.]
Skilling \Skil"ling\, n. [Cf. {Sheeling}.]
A bay of a barn; also, a slight addition to a cottage. [Prov.
Eng.]
Skilling \Skil"ling\, n. [Sw. & Dan. See {Shilling}.]
A money od account in Sweden, Norwey, Denmark, and North
Germany, and also a coin. It had various values, from three
fourths of a cent in Norway to more than two cents in
L["u]beck.
Skill-less \Skill"-less\, a.
Wanting skill. --Shak.
Skilts \Skilts\, n. pl.
A kind of large, coarse, short trousers formerly worn.
[Local, U. S.] --Bartlett.
Skilty \Skil"ty\, n.
The water rail. [Prov. Eng.]
Skim \Skim\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Skimmed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skimming}.] [Cf. Sw. skymma to darken. [root]158. See
{Scum}.]
1. To clear (a liquid) from scum or substance floating or
lying thereon, by means of a utensil that passes just
beneath the surface; as, to skim milk; to skim broth.
2. To take off by skimming; as, to skim cream.
3. To pass near the surface of; to brush the surface of; to
glide swiftly along the surface of.
Homer describes Mercury as flinging himself from the
top of Olympus, and skimming the surface of the
ocean. --Hazlitt.
4. Fig.: To read or examine superficially and rapidly, in
order to cull the principal facts or thoughts; as, to skim
a book or a newspaper.
Skim \Skim\, v. i.
1. To pass lightly; to glide along in an even, smooth course;
to glide along near the surface.
Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain, Flies
o'er the unbending corn, and skims along the main.
--Pope.
2. To hasten along with superficial attention.
They skim over a science in a very superficial
survey. --I. Watts.
3. To put on the finishing coat of plaster.
Skim \Skim\, a.
Contraction of {Skimming} and {Skimmed}.
{Skim coat}, the final or finishing coat of plaster.
{Skim colter}, a colter for paring off the surface of land.
{Skim milk}, skimmed milk; milk from which the cream has been
taken.
Skrim \Skrim\, n.
Scum; refuse. --Bryskett.
Skimback \Skim"back`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The quillback. [Local, U.S.]
Skimble-scamble \Skim"ble-scam`ble\, a. [A reduplication of
scamble.]
Rambling; disorderly; unconnected. [Colloq.]
Such a deal of skimble-scamble stuff. --Shak.
Skimitry \Skim"i*try\, n.
See {Skimmington}.
Skimmer \Skim"mer\, n.
1. One who, or that which, skims; esp., a utensil with which
liquids are skimmed.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of longwinged marine birds of the
genus {Rhynchops}, allied to the terns, but having the
lower mandible compressed and much longer than the upper
one. These birds fly rapidly along the surface of the
water, with the lower mandible immersed, thus skimming out
small fishes. The American species ({R. nigra}) is common
on the southern coasts of the United States. Called also
{scissorbill}, and {shearbill}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several large bivalve shells,
sometimes used for skimming milk, as the sea clams, and
large scallops.
Skimmerton \Skim"mer*ton\, n.
See {Skimmington}.
Skimming \Skim"ming\, n.
1. The act of one who skims.
2. That which is skimmed from the surface of a liquid; --
chiefly used in the plural; as, the skimmings of broth.
Skimmingly \Skim"ming*ly\, adv.
In a skimming manner.
Skimmington \Skim"ming*ton\, n. [Etymol. uncertain. Perhaps the
name of some notorius scold.]
A word employed in the phrase, To ride Skimmington; that is
to ride on a horse with a woman, but behind her, facing
backward, carrying a distaff, and accompanied by a procession
of jeering neighbors making mock music; a cavalcade in
ridicule of a henpecked man. The custom was in vogue in parts
of England.
Skimp \Skimp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Skimped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skimping}.] [Cf. {Skinch}, {Scamp}, v. t.]
1. To slight; to do carelessly; to scamp. [Prov. Eng. &
Colloq. U.S.]
2. To make insufficient allowance for; to scant; to scrimp.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
Skimp \Skimp\, v. i.
To save; to be parsimonious or niggardly. [Prov. Eng. &
Colloq. U.S.]
Skimp \Skimp\, a.
Scanty. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Skin \Skin\, n. [Icel. skinn; akin to Sw. skinn, Dan. skind, AS.
scinn, G. schined to skin.]
1. (Anat.) The external membranous integument of an animal.
Note: In man, and the vertebrates generally, the skin consist
of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular
epidermis, cuticle, or skarfskin, composed of cells
which are constantly growing and multiplying in the
deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial,
layers; and an inner sensitive, and vascular dermis,
cutis, corium, or true skin, composed mostly of
connective tissue.
2. The hide of an animal, separated from the body, whether
green, dry, or tanned; especially, that of a small animal,
as a calf, sheep, or goat.
3. A vessel made of skin, used for holding liquids. See
{Bottle}, 1. ``Skins of wine.'' --Tennyson.
4. The bark or husk of a plant or fruit; the exterior coat of
fruits and plants.
5. (Naut.)
(a) That part of a sail, when furled, which remains on the
outside and covers the whole. --Totten.
(b) The covering, as of planking or iron plates, outside
the framing, forming the sides and bottom of a vessel;
the shell; also, a lining inside the framing.
{Skin friction}, {Skin resistance} (Naut.), the friction, or
resistance, caused by the tendency of water to adhere to
the immersed surface (skin) of a vessel.
{Skin graft} (Surg.), a small portion of skin used in the
process of grafting. See {Graft}, v. t., 2.
{Skin moth} (Zo["o]l.), any insect which destroys the
prepared skins of animals, especially the larva of
Dermestes and Anthrenus.
{Skin of the teeth}, nothing, or next to nothing; the least
possible hold or advantage. --Job xix. 20.
{Skin wool}, wool taken from dead sheep.
Skin \Skin\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Skinned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skinning}.]
1. To strip off the skin or hide of; to flay; to peel; as, to
skin an animal.
2. To cover with skin, or as with skin; hence, to cover
superficially.
It will but skin and film the ulcerous place.
--Shak.
3. To strip of money or property; to cheat. [Slang]
Skin \Skin\, v. i.
1. To become covered with skin; as, a wound skins over.
2. To produce, in recitation, examination, etc., the work of
another for one's own, or to use in such exercise cribs,
memeoranda, etc., which are prohibited. [College Cant,
U.S.]
Skinbound \Skin"bound`\, a.
Having the skin adhering closely and rigidly to the flesh;
hidebound.
{Skinbound disease}. (Med.) See Sclerema neonatorum, under
{Sclerema}.
Skinch \Skinch\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Skinched}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Skinching}.] [Cf. {Scant}.]
To give scant measure; to squeeze or pinch in order to effect
a saving. [Prev. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
Skin-deep \Skin"-deep`\, a.
Not deeper than the skin; hence, superficial. --Lowell.
Skinflint \Skin"flint`\, n. [Skin + flint.]
A penurious person; a miser; a niggard. --Sir W. Scott.
Skinful \Skin"ful\, n.; pl. {Skinfuls}.
As much as a skin can hold.
Skink \Skink\, n. [L. scincus, Gr. ????.] [Written also
{scink}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of regularly scaled harmless
lizards of the family {Scincid[ae]}, common in the warmer
parts of all the continents.
Note: The officinal skink ({Scincus officinalis}) inhabits
the sandy plains of South Africa. It was believed by
the ancients to be a specific for various diseases. A
common slender species ({Seps tridactylus}) of Southern
Europe was formerly believed to produce fatal diseases
in cattle by mere contact. The American skinks include
numerous species of the genus {Eumeces}, as the
blue-tailed skink ({E. fasciatus}) of the Eastern
United States. The ground skink, or ground lizard
({Oligosoma laterale}) inhabits the Southern United
States.
Skink \Skink\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Skinked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skinking}.] [Icel. skenja; akin to Sw. sk["a]ka, Dan.
skienke, AS. scencan, D. & G. schenken. As. scencan is
usually derived from sceonc, sceanc, shank, a hollow bone
being supposed to have been used to draw off liquor from a
cask. [root]161. See {Shank}, and cf. {Nunchion}.]
To draw or serve, as drink. [Obs.]
Bacchus the wine them skinketh all about. --Chaucer.
Such wine as Ganymede doth skink to Jove. --Shirley.
Skink \Skink\, v. i.
To serve or draw liquor. [Obs.]
Skink \Skink\, n.
Drink; also, pottage. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Skinker \Skink"er\, n.
One who serves liquor; a tapster.
Skinless \Skin"less\, a.
Having no skin, or a very thin skin; as, skinless fruit.
Skinner \Skin"ner\, n.
1. One who skins.
2. One who deals in skins, pelts, or hides.
Skinniness \Skin"ni*ness\, n.
Quality of being skinny.
Skinny \Skin"ny\, a.
Consisting, or chiefly consisting, of skin; wanting flesh.
``Her skinny lips.'' --Shak.
He holds him with a skinny hand. --Coleridge.
Skip \Skip\, n. [See {Skep}.]
1. A basket. See {Skep}. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
2. A basket on wheels, used in cotton factories.
3. (Mining) An iron bucket, which slides between guides, for
hoisting mineral and rock.
4. (Sugar Manuf.) A charge of sirup in the pans.
5. A beehive; a skep.
Skip \Skip\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Skipped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skipping}.] [OE. skippen, of uncertain origin; cf. Icel.
skopa run, skoppa to spin like a top, OSw. & dial. Sw.
skimmpa to run, skimpa, skompa, to hop, skip; or Ir. sgiob to
snatch, Gael. sgiab to start or move suddenly, to snatch, W.
ysgipio to snatch.]
1. To leap lightly; to move in leaps and hounds; -- commonly
implying a sportive spirit.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy
reason, would he skip and play? --Pope.
So she drew her mother away skipping, dancing, and
frisking fantastically. --Hawthorne.
2. Fig.: To leave matters unnoticed, as in reading, speaking,
or writing; to pass by, or overlook, portions of a thing;
-- often followed by over.
Skip \Skip\, v. t.
1. To leap lightly over; as, to skip the rope.
2. To pass over or by without notice; to omit; to miss; as,
to skip a line in reading; to skip a lesson.
They who have a mind to see the issue may skip these
two chapters. --Bp. Burnet.
3. To cause to skip; as, to skip a stone. [Colloq.]
Skip \Skip\, n.
1. A light leap or bound.
2. The act of passing over an interval from one thing to
another; an omission of a part.
3. (Mus.) A passage from one sound to another by more than a
degree at once. --Busby.
{Skip kennel}, a lackey; a footboy. [Slang.] --Swift.
{Skip mackerel}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Bluefish}, 1.
Skipjack \Skip"jack`\, n.
1. An upstart. [Obs.] --Ford.
2. (Zo["o]l.) An elater; a snap bug, or snapping beetle.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A name given to several kinds of a fish, as the
common bluefish, the alewife, the bonito, the butterfish,
the cutlass fish, the jurel, the leather jacket, the
runner, the saurel, the saury, the threadfish, etc.
4. (Naut.) A shallow sailboat with a rectilinear or V-shaped
cross section.
Skipper \Skip"per\, n.
1. One who, or that which, skips.
2. A young, thoughtless person. --Shak.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The saury ({Scomberesox saurus}).
4. The cheese maggot. See {Cheese fly}, under {Cheese}.
5. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of small
butterflies of the family {Hesperiad[ae]}; -- so called
from their peculiar short, jerking flight.
Skipper \Skip"per\, n. [D. schipper. See {Shipper}, and {Ship}.]
1. (Naut.) The master of a fishing or small trading vessel;
hence, the master, or captain, of any vessel.
2. A ship boy. [Obs.] --Congreve.
Skippet \Skip"pet\, n. [Cf. Icel. skip, E. skipper. See {Ship}.]
1. A small boat; a skiff. [Obs.]
A little skippet floating did appear. --Spenser.
2. A small round box for keeping records. [Obs.]
Skippingly \Skip"ping*ly\, adv.
In a skipping manner; by skips, or light leaps.
Skirl \Skirl\, v. t.& i. [Of Scand. origin, and originally the
same word as E. shrill.]
To utter in a shrill tone; to scream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Skirl \Skirl\, n.
A shrill cry or sound. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Skirlcock \Skirl"cock`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The missel thrush; -- so called from its harsh alarm note.
[Prev. Eng.]
Skirlcrake \Skirl"crake`\, n.
The turnstone. [Prev. Eng.]
Skirling \Skirl"ing\, n.
A shrill cry or sound; a crying shrilly; a skirl. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
When the skirling of the pipes cleft the air his cold
eyes softened. --Mrs. J. H.
Ewing.
Skirling \Skirl"ing\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small trout or salmon; -- a name used loosely. [Prov. Eng.]
Skirmish \Skir"mish\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Skirmished}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Skirmishing}.] [OE. skirmishen, scarmishen, OF.
escremir, eskermir, to fence, fight, F. escrimer, of German
origin; cf. OHG. scirmen to protect, defend, G. schirmen,
OHG. scirm, scerm, protection, shield, G. schirm; perhaps
akin to Gr. ???? a sunshade. Cf. {Scaramouch}, {Scrimmage}.]
To fight slightly or in small parties; to engage in a
skirmish or skirmishes; to act as skirmishers.
Skirmish \Skir"mish\, n.[OE. scarmishe, scrymishe. See
{Skirmish}, v. i.]
1. A slight fight in war; a light or desultory combat between
detachments from armies, or between detached and small
bodies of troops.
2. A slight contest.
They never meet but there's a skirmish of wit.
--Shak.
Skirmisher \Skir"mish*er\, n.
One who skirmishes. Specifically: pl. (Mil.) Soldiers
deployed in loose order, to cover the front or flanks of an
advancing army or a marching column.
Skirr \Skirr\, v. t. [Cf. {Scur}, {Scurry}.]
To ramble over in order to clear; to scour. [Archaic] --Shak.
Skirr \Skirr\, v. i.
To scour; to scud; to run. [Archaic]
Skirr \Skirr\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A tern. [Prov. Eng.]
Skirret \Skir"ret\, n. [A corrupted form equivalent to
sugarwort.] (Bot.)
An umbelliferous plant ({Sium, or Pimpinella, Sisarum}). It
is a native of Asia, but has been long cultivated in Europe
for its edible clustered tuberous roots, which are very
sweet.
Skirrhus \Skir"rhus\, n. (Med.)
See {Scirrhus}.
Skirt \Skirt\, n. [OE. skyrt, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. skyrta
a shirt, Sw. sk["o]rt a skirt, skjorta a shirt. See {Shirt}.]
1. The lower and loose part of a coat, dress, or other like
garment; the part below the waist; as, the skirt of a
coat, a dress, or a mantle.
2. A loose edging to any part of a dress. [Obs.]
A narrow lace, or a small skirt of ruffled linen,
which runs along the upper part of the stays before,
and crosses the breast, being a part of the tucker,
is called the modesty piece. --Addison.
3. Border; edge; margin; extreme part of anything ``Here in
the skirts of the forest.'' --Shak.
4. A petticoat.
5. The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals. --Dunglison.
Skirt \Skirt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Skirted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skirting}.]
1. To cover with a skirt; to surround.
Skirted his loins and thighs with downy gold.
--Milton.
2. To border; to form the border or edge of; to run along the
edge of; as, the plain was skirted by rows of trees.
``When sundown skirts the moor.'' --Tennyson.
Skirt \Skirt\, v. t.
To be on the border; to live near the border, or extremity.
Savages . . . who skirt along our western frontiers.
--S. S. Smith.
Skirting \Skirt"ing\, n.
1. (Arch.) A skirting board. [R.]
2. Skirts, taken collectivelly; material for skirts.
{Skirting board}, the board running around a room on the wall
next the floor; baseboard.
Skit \Skit\, v. t. [Prov. E. skitto slide, as adj., hasty,
precipitate, of Scand. origin, and akin to E. shoot, v.t.;
cf. Icel. skyti, skytja, skytta, a marksman, shooter,
skj[=o]ta to shoot, sk[=u]ta a taunt. [root]159. See
{Shoot}.]
To cast reflections on; to asperse. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
--Crose.
Skit \Skit\, n.
1. A reflection; a jeer or gibe; a sally; a brief satire; a
squib. --Tooke.
A similar vein satire upon the emptiness of writers
is given in his ``Tritical Essay upon the Faculties
of the Human Mind;'' but that is a mere skit
compared with this strange performance. --Leslie
Stephen.
2. A wanton girl; a light wench. [Obs.]
Skittish \Skit"tish\, a. [See {Skit}, v. t.]
1. Easily frightened; timorous; shy; untrustworthy; as, a
skittish colt. ``A restiff, skittish jade.'' --L'Estrange.
2. Wanton; restive; freakish; volatile; changeable; fickle.
``Skittish Fortune's hall.'' --Shak. -- {Skit"tish*ly},
adv. -- {Skit"tish*ness}, n.
Skittle \Skit"tle\, a.
Pertaining to the game of skittles.
{Skittle alley}, an alley or court in which the game of
skittles is played.
{Skittle ball}, a disk or flattish ball of wood for throwing
at the pins in the game of skittles.
Skittle-dog \Skit"tle-dog`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The piked dogfish.
Skittles \Skit"tles\, n. pl. [Of Scand. origin. [root]159. See
{Shoot}, v. t., and cf. {Shuttle}, {Skit}, v. t.]
An English game resembling ninepins, but played by throwing
wooden disks, instead of rolling balls, at the pins.
Skitty \Skit"ty\, n. [Cf. {Skittish}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A rail; as, the water rail (called also {skitty cock}, and
{skitty coot}); the spotted crake ({Porzana maruetta}), and
the moor hen. [Prov. Eng.]
Skive \Skive\, n. [Cf. Icel. sk[=i]fa a shaving, slice, E.
shive, sheave.]
The iron lap used by diamond polishers in finishing the
facets of the gem.
Skive \Skive\, v. t.
To pare or shave off the rough or thick parts of (hides or
leather).
Skiver \Skiv"er\, n. [Cf. {Skewer}, {Shiver} a fragment.]
1. An inferior quality of leather, made of split sheepskin,
tanned by immersion in sumac, and dyed. It is used for hat
linings, pocketbooks, bookbinding, etc.
2. The cutting tool or machine used in splitting leather or
skins, as sheepskins.
Skiving \Ski"ving\, n.
1. The act of paring or splitting leather or skins.
2. A piece made in paring or splitting leather; specifically,
the part from the inner, or flesh, side.
Sklayre \Sklayre\, n. [Cf. G. schleier.]
A vell. [Obs.]
Sklere \Sklere\, v. t.
To shelter; to cover. [Obs.]
Skolecite \Skol"e*cite\, Skolezite \Skol"e*zite\, n. (Min.)
See {Scolecite}.
Skonce \Skonce\, n.
See {Sconce}.
Scopster \Scop"ster\, n.
The saury. [Prov. Eng.]
Skorodite \Skor"o*dite\, n. (Min.)
See {Scorodite}.
Skout \Skout\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A guillemot.
Skowitz \Sko"witz\, n. [Nisqually (American Indian) name.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The silver salmon.
Skreen \Skreen\, n. & v.
See {Screen}. [Obs.]
Skrike \Skrike\, v. i. & t.
To shriek. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Skrike \Skrike\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]
Skrimmage \Skrim"mage\, n.
See {Scrimmage}.
Skrimp \Skrimp\, v. t.
See {Scrimp}.
Skringe \Skringe\, v. i.
See {Scringe}.
Skrite \Skrite\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The skrike. [Prov. Eng.]
Skua \Sku"a\, n. [Icel. sk?fr, sk?mr.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any jager gull; especially, the {Megalestris skua}; -- called
also {boatswain}.
Skue \Skue\, a. & n.
See {Skew}.
Skulk \Skulk\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Skulked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Skulking}.] [Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. skulke to spare or
save one's self, to play the truant, Sw. skolka to be at
leisure, to shirk, Icel. skolla. Cf. {Scowl}.]
To hide, or get out of the way, in a sneaking manner; to lie
close, or to move in a furtive way; to lurk. ``Want skulks in
holes and crevices.'' --W. C. Bryant.
Discovered and defeated of your prey, You skulked
behind the fence, and sneaked away. --Dryden.
Skulk \Skulk\, n. [Cf. Icel. skollr, skolli, a fox, and E.
skulk, v.i.]
A number of foxes together. --Wright.
Skulk \Skulk\, Skulker \Skulk"er\, n.
One who, or that which, skulks.
Skulkingly \Skulk"ing*ly\, adv.
In a skulking manner.
Skull \Skull\, n. [See {School} a multitude.]
A school, company, or shoal. [Obs.]
A knavish skull of boys and girls did pelt at him.
--Warner.
These fishes enter in great flotes and skulls.
--Holland.
Skull \Skull\, n. [OE. skulle, sculle, scolle; akin to Scot.
skull, skoll, a bowl, Sw. skalle skull, skal a shell, and E.
scale; cf. G. hirnschale, Dan. hierneskal. Cf. {Scale} of a
balance.]
1. (Anat.) The skeleton of the head of a vertebrate animal,
including the brain case, or cranium, and the bones and
cartilages of the face and mouth. See Illusts. of
{Carnivora}, of {Facial angles} under {Facial}, and of
{Skeleton}, in Appendix.
Note: In many fishes the skull is almost wholly cartilaginous
but in the higher vertebrates it is more or less
completely ossified, several bones are developed in the
face, and the cranium is made up, wholly or partially,
of bony plates arranged in three segments, the frontal,
parietal, and occipital, and usually closely united in
the adult.
2. The head or brain; the seat of intelligence; mind.
Skulls that can not teach, and will not learn.
--Cowper.
3. A covering for the head; a skullcap. [Obs. & R.]
Let me put on my skull first. --Beau. & Fl.
4. A sort of oar. See {Scull}.
{Skull and crossbones}, a symbol of death. See {Crossbones}.
Skullcap \Skull"cap`\, n.
1. A cap which fits the head closely; also, formerly, a
headpiece of iron sewed inside of a cap for protection.
2. (Bot.) Any plant of the labiate genus {Scutellaria}, the
calyx of whose flower appears, when inverted, like a
helmet with the visor raised.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The Lophiomys.
{Mad-dog skullcap} (Bot.), an American herb ({Scetellaria
lateriflora}) formerly prescribed as a cure for
hydrophobia.
Skullfish \Skull"fish`\, n.
A whaler's name for a whale more than two years old.
Skulpin \Skul"pin\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Sculpin}.
Skun \Skun\, n. & v.
See {Scum}.
Skunk \Skunk\, n. [Contr. from the Abenaki (American Indian)
seganku.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of American musteline carnivores
of the genus {Mephitis} and allied genera. They have two
glands near the anus, secreting an extremely fetid liquid,
which the animal ejects at pleasure as a means of defense.
Note: The common species of the Eastern United States
({Mephitis mephitica}) is black with more or less white
on the body and tail. The spotted skunk ({Spilogale
putorius}), native of the Southwestern United States
and Mexico, is smaller than the common skunk, and is
variously marked with black and white.
{Skunk bird}, {Skunk blackbird} (Zo["o]l.), the bobolink; --
so called because the male, in the breeding season, is
black and white, like a skunk.
{Skunk cabbage} (Bot.), an American aroid herb ({Symplocarpus
f[oe]tidus}>) having a reddish hornlike spathe in earliest
spring, followed by a cluster of large cabbagelike leaves.
It exhales a disagreeable odor. Also called {swamp
cabbage}.
{Skunk porpoise}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Porpoise}.
Skunk \Skunk\, v. t.
In games of chance and skill: To defeat (an opponent) (as in
cards) so that he fails to gain a point, or (in checkers) to
get a king. [Colloq. U. S.]
Skunkball \Skunk"ball`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The surf duck.
Skunkhead \Skunk"head`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The surf duck.
(b) A duck ({Camptolaimus Labradorus}) which formerly
inhabited the Atlantic coast of New England. It is now
supposed to be extinct. Called also {Labrador duck}, and
{pied duck}.
Skunkish \Skunk"ish\, a.
Like the skunk, especially in odor.
Skunktop \Skunk"top`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The surf duck.
Skunkweed \Skunk"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
Skunk cabbage.
Skurry \Skur"ry\, n. & v.
See {Scurry}.
Skute \Skute\, n. [Icel. sk?ta; akin to Sw. skuta, Dan. skude,
D. schuit, Lg. sch["u]te, and E. schoot, v.t.]
A boat; a small vessel. [Obs.] --Sir R. Williams.
Skutterudite \Skut"ter*ud*ite\, n. [From Skutterud, in Norway,
whence it is obtained.] (Min.)
A mineral of a bright metallic luster and tin-white to pale
lead-gray color. It consists of arsenic and cobalt.
Sky \Sky\ (sk[imac]), n.; pl. {Skies} (sk[imac]z). [OE. skie a
cloud, Icel. sk[=y]; akin to Sw. & Dan. sky; cf. AS. sc[=u]a,
sc[=u]wa, shadow, Icel. skuggi; probably from the same root
as E. scum. [root]158. See {Scum}, and cf. {Hide} skin,
{Obscure}.]
1. A cloud. [Obs.]
[A wind] that blew so hideously and high, That it ne
lefte not a sky In all the welkin long and broad.
--Chaucer.
2. Hence, a shadow. [Obs.]
She passeth as it were a sky. --Gower.
3. The apparent arch, or vault, of heaven, which in a clear
day is of a blue color; the heavens; the firmament; --
sometimes in the plural.
The Norweyan banners flout the sky. --Shak.
4. The wheather; the climate.
Thou wert better in thy grave than to answer with
thy uncovered body this extremity of the skies.
--Shak.
Note: Sky is often used adjectively or in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, sky color, skylight,
sky-aspiring, sky-born, sky-pointing, sky-roofed, etc.
{Sky blue}, an azure color.
{Sky scraper} (Naut.), a skysail of a triangular form.
--Totten.
{Under open sky}, out of doors. ``Under open sky adored.''
--Milton.
Sky \Sky\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Skied}or {Skyed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Skying}.]
1. To hang (a picture on exhibition) near the top of a wall,
where it can not be well seen. [Colloq.]
Brother Academicians who skied his pictures. --The
Century.
2. To throw towards the sky; as, to sky a ball at cricket.
[Colloq.]
Sky-blue \Sky"-blue\, a.
Having the blue color of the sky; azure; as, a sky-blue
stone. --Wordsworth.
Skyed \Skyed\, a.
Surrounded by sky. [Poetic & R.] ``The skyed mountain.''
--Thomson.
Skye terrier \Skye" ter"ri*er\ (Zo["o]l.)
See {Terrier}.
Skyey \Sky"ey\, a.
Like the sky; ethereal; being in the sky. ``Skyey regions.''
--Thackeray.
Sublime on the towers of my skyey bowers, Lightning, my
pilot, sits. --Shelley.
Sky-high \Sky"-high`\, adv. & a.
Very high. [Colloq.]
Skyish \Sky"ish\, a.
Like the sky, or approaching the sky; lofty; ethereal. [R.]
--Shak.
Skylark \Sky"lark`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A lark that mounts and sings as it files, especially the
common species ({Alauda arvensis}) found in Europe and in
some parts of Asia, and celebrated for its melodious song; --
called also {sky laverock}. See under {Lark}.
Note: The Australian skylark ({Cincloramphus cantillans}) is
a pipit which has the habit of ascending
perpendicularly like a skylark, but it lacks the song
of a true lark. The Missouri skylark is a pipit
({Anthus Spraguei}) of the Western United States,
resembling the skylark in habit and song.
Skylarking \Sky"lark"ing\, n.
The act of running about the rigging of a vessel in sport;
hence, frolicking; scuffing; sporting; carousing. [Colloq.]
Skylight \Sky"light`\, n.
A window placed in the roof of a building, in the ceiling of
a room, or in the deck of a ship, for the admission of light
from above.
Skyrocket \Sky"rock`et\, n.
A rocket that ascends high and burns as it flies; a species
of fireworks.
Skysail \Sky"sail\, n. (Naut.)
The sail set next above the royal. See Illust. under {Sail}.
Skyward \Sky"ward\, a. & adv.
Toward the sky.
Slab \Slab\, n. [OE. slabbe, of uncertain origin; perhaps
originally meaning, a smooth piece, and akin to slape, Icel.
sleipr slippery, and E. slip, v. i.]
1. A thin piece of anything, especially of marble or other
stone, having plane surfaces. --Gwilt.
2. An outside piece taken from a log or timber in sawing it
into boards, planks, etc.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]
4. (Naut.) The slack part of a sail.
{Slab line} (Naut.), a line or small rope by which seamen
haul up the foot of the mainsail or foresail. --Totten.
Slab \Slab\, a. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. slaib mud, mire left on a river
strand, and E. slop puddle.]
Thick; viscous. [Obs.]
Make the gruel thick and slab. --Shak.
Slab \Slab\, n.
That which is slimy or viscous; moist earth; mud; also, a
puddle. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
Slabber \Slab"ber\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Slabbered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Slabbering}.] [OE. slaberen; akin to LG. & D.
slabbern, G. schlabbern, LG. & D. slabben, G. schlabben,
Icel. slafra. Cf. {Slaver}, {Slobber}, {Slubber}.]
To let saliva or some liquid fall from the mouth carelessly,
like a child or an idiot; to drivel; to drool. [Written also
{slaver}, and {slobber}.]
Slabber \Slab"ber\, v. t.
1. To wet and foul spittle, or as if with spittle.
He slabbered me over, from cheek to cheek, with his
great tongue. --Arbuthnot.
2. To spill liquid upon; to smear carelessly; to spill, as
liquid foed or drink, in careless eating or drinking.
The milk pan and cream pot so slabbered and tost
That butter is wanting and cheese is half lost.
--Tusser.
Slabber \Slab"ber\, n.
Spittle; saliva; slaver.
Slabber \Slab"ber\, n. [See 1st {Slab}.] (Mach.)
(a) A saw for cutting slabs from logs.
(b) A slabbing machine.
Slabberer \Slab"ber*er\, n.
One who slabbers, or drools; hence, an idiot.
Slabbery \Slab"ber*y\, a.
Like, or covered with, slabber or slab; slippery; sloppy.
Slabbiness \Slab"bi*ness\, n.
Quality of being slabby.
Slabbing \Slab"bing\, a. [See 1st {Slab}.]
Adapted for forming slabs, or for dressing flat surfaces.
{Slabbing machine}, a milling machine.
Slabby \Slab"by\, a. [Compar. {Slabbier}; superl. {Slabbiest}.]
[See {Slab}, a.]
1. Thick; viscous.
They present you with a cup, and you must drink of a
slabby stuff. --Selden.
2. Sloppy; slimy; miry. See {Sloppy}. --Gay.
Slab-sided \Slab"-sid`ed\, a.
Having flat sides; hence, tall, or long and lank. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Slack \Slack\, n. [Cf. {Slag}.]
Small coal; also, coal dust; culm. --Raymond.
Slack \Slack\, n. [Icel. slakki a slope on a mountain edge.]
A valley, or small, shallow dell. [Prov. Eng.] --Grose.
Slack \Slack\, a. [Compar. {Slacker}; superl. {Slackest}.] [OE.
slak, AS. sleac; akin to OS. slak, OHG. slah, Prov. G.
schlack, Icel. slakr, Sw. slak; cf. Skr. s[.r]j to let loose,
to throw. Cf. {Slake}.]
Lax; not tense; not hard drawn; not firmly extended; as, a
slack rope.
2. Weak; not holding fast; as, a slack hand. --Milton.
3. Remiss; backward; not using due diligence or care; not
earnest or eager; as, slack in duty or service.
The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as
some men count slackness. --2 Pet. iii.
9.
4. Not violent, rapid, or pressing; slow; moderate; easy; as,
business is slack. ``With slack pace.'' --Chaucer.
C?sar . . . about sunset, hoisting sail with a slack
southwest, at midnight was becalmed. --Milton.
{Slack in stays} (Naut.), slow in going about, as a ship.
{Slack water}, the time when the tide runs slowly, or the
water is at rest; or the interval between the flux and
reflux of the tide.
{Slack-water navigation}, navigation in a stream the depth of
which has been increased, and the current diminished, by a
dam or dams.
Syn: Loose; relaxed; weak; remiss; backward; abated;
diminished; inactive; slow; tardy; dull.
Slack \Slack\, adv.
Slackly; as, slack dried hops.
Slack \Slack\, n.
The part of anything that hangs loose, having no strain upon
it; as, the slack of a rope or of a sail.
Slack \Slack\, Slacken \Slack"en\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Slacked}, {Slackened}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Slacking},
{Slackening}.] [See {Slack}, a.]
1. To become slack; to be made less tense, firm, or rigid; to
decrease in tension; as, a wet cord slackens in dry
weather.
2. To be remiss or backward; to be negligent.
3. To lose cohesion or solidity by a chemical combination
with water; to slake; as, lime slacks.
4. To abate; to become less violent.
Whence these raging fires Will slacken, if his
breath stir not their flames. --Milton.
5. To lose rapidity; to become more slow; as, a current of
water slackens.
6. To languish; to fail; to flag.
7. To end; to cease; to desist; to slake. [Obs.]
That through your death your lineage should slack.
--Chaucer.
They will not of that firste purpose slack.
--Chaucer.
Slack \Slack\, Slacken \Slack"en\, v. t.
1. To render slack; to make less tense or firm; as, to slack
a rope; to slacken a bandage. --Wycklif (Acts xxvii. 40)
2. To neglect; to be remiss in. [Obs.] --Shak.
Slack not the pressage. --Dryden.
3. To deprive of cohesion by combining chemically with water;
to slake; as, to slack lime.
4. To cause to become less eager; to repress; to make slow or
less rapid; to retard; as, to slacken pursuit; to slacken
industry. ``Rancor for to slack.'' --Chaucer.
I should be grieved, young prince, to think my
presence Unbent your thoughts, and slackened 'em to
arms. --Addison.
In this business of growing rich, poor men should
slack their pace. --South.
With such delay Well plased, they slack their
course. --Milton.
5. To cause to become less intense; to mitigate; to abate; to
ease.
To respite, or deceive, or slack thy pain Of this
ill mansion. --Milton.
{Air-slacked lime}, lime slacked by exposure to the air, in
consequence of the absorption of carton dioxide and water,
by which it is converted into carbonate of lime and
hydrate of lime.
Slacken \Slack"en\, n. (Metal.)
A spongy, semivitrifled substance which miners or smelters
mix with the ores of metals to prevent their fusion. [Written
also {slakin}.]
Slackly \Slack"ly\, adv.
In a slack manner. --Trench.
Slackness \Slack"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being slack.
Slade \Slade\, n. [AS. sl?d.]
1. A little dell or valley; a flat piece of low, moist
ground. [Obs.] --Drayton.
2. The sole of a plow.
Slag \Slag\, n. [Sw. slagg, or LG. slacke, whence G. schlacke;
originally, perhaps, the splinters struck off from the metal
by hammering. See {Slay}, v. t.]
1. The dross, or recrement, of a metal; also, vitrified
cinders.
2. The scoria of a volcano.
{Slag furnace}, or {Slag hearth} (Metal.), a furnace, or
hearth, for extracting lead from slags or poor ore.
{Slag wool}, mineral wool. See under {Mineral}.
Slaggy \Slag"gy\, a.
Of or pertaining to slag; resembling slag; as, slaggy cobalt.
Slaie \Slaie\, n. [See {Sley}.]
A weaver's reed; a sley.
Slake \Slake\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slaked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slaking}.] [OE. slaken to render slack, to slake, AS.
sleacian, fr. sleac slack. See {Slack}, v. & a.]
1. To allay; to quench; to extinguish; as, to slake thirst.
``And slake the heavenly fire.'' --Spenser.
It could not slake mine ire nor ease my heart.
--Shak.
2. To mix with water, so that a true chemical combination
shall take place; to slack; as, to slake lime.
Slake \Slake\, v. i.
1. To go out; to become extinct. ``His flame did slake.''
--Sir T. Browne.
2. To abate; to become less decided. [R.] --Shak.
3. To slacken; to become relaxed. ``When the body's strongest
sinews slake.'' [R.] --Sir J. Davies.
4. To become mixed with water, so that a true chemical
combination takes place; as, the lime slakes.
{Slake trough}, a trough containing water in which a
blacksmith cools a forging or tool.
Slakeless \Slake"less\, a.
Not capable of being slaked.
Slakin \Slak"in\, n. (Metal.)
Slacken.
Slam \Slam\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slammed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slamming}.] [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. slamra, slambra,
sl?ma, Norw. slemba, slemma, dial. Sw. sl["a]mma.]
1. To shut with force and a loud noise; to bang; as, he
slammed the door.
2. To put in or on some place with force and loud noise; --
usually with down; as, to slam a trunk down on the
pavement.
3. To strike with some implement with force; hence, to beat
or cuff. [Prov. Eng.]
4. To strike down; to slaughter. [Prov. Eng.]
5. To defeat (opponents at cards) by winning all the tricks
of a deal or a hand. --Hoyle.
{To slam to}, to shut or close with a slam. ``He slammed to
the door.'' --W. D. Howells.
Slam \Slam\, v. i.
To come or swing against something, or to shut, with sudden
force so as to produce a shock and noise; as, a door or
shutter slams.
Slam \Slam\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, slams.
2. The shock and noise produced in slamming.
The slam and the scowl were lost upon Sam.
--Dickens.
3. (Card Playing) Winning all the tricks of a deal.
4. The refuse of alum works. [Prov. Eng.]
Slam-bang \Slam"-bang`\, adv.
With great violence; with a slamming or banging noise.
[Colloq.]
Slamkin \Slam"kin\, Slammerkin \Slam"mer*kin\, n. [Cf. G.
schlampe, schlamp, dim. schl["a]mpchen; schlampen to dangle,
to be slovenly in one's dress.]
A slut; a slatternly woman. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Slander \Slan"der\, n. [OE. sclandere, OF. esclandre, esclandle,
escandre, F. esclandre, fr. L. scandalum, Gr. ??? a snare,
stumbling block, offense, scandal; probably originally, the
spring of a trap, and akin to Skr. skand to spring, leap. See
{Scan}, and cf. {Scandal}.]
1. A false tale or report maliciously uttered, tending to
injure the reputation of another; the malicious utterance
of defamatory reports; the dissemination of malicious
tales or suggestions to the injury of another.
Whether we speak evil of a man to his face or behind
his back; the former way, indeed, seems to be the
most generous, but yet is a great fault, and that
which we call ``reviling;'' the latter is more mean
and base, and that which we properly call
``slander'', or ``Backbiting.'' --Tillotson.
[We] make the careful magistrate The mark of
slander. --B. Jonson.
2. Disgrace; reproach; dishonor; opprobrium.
Thou slander of thy mother's heavy womb. --Shak.
3. (Law) Formerly, defamation generally, whether oral or
written; in modern usage, defamation by words spoken;
utterance of false, malicious, and defamatory words,
tending to the damage and derogation of another; calumny.
See the Note under {Defamation}. --Burril.
Slander \Slan"der\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slandered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Slandering}.]
1. To defame; to injure by maliciously uttering a false
report; to tarnish or impair the reputation of by false
tales maliciously told or propagated; to calumniate.
O, do not slander him, for he is kind. --Shak.
2. To bring discredit or shame upon by one's acts.
Tax not so bad a voice To slander music any more
than once. --Shak.
Syn: To asperse; defame; calumniate; vilify; malign; belie;
scandalize; reproach. See {Asperse}.
Slanderer \Slan"der*er\, n.
One who slanders; a defamer; a calumniator. --Jer. Taylor.
Slanderous \Slan"der*ous\, a.
1. Given or disposed to slander; uttering slander.
``Slanderous tongue.'' --Shak.
2. Embodying or containing slander; calumnious; as,
slanderous words, speeches, or reports. --
{Slan"der*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Slan"der*ous*ness}, n.
Slang \Slang\,
imp. of {Sling}. Slung. [Archaic]
Slang \Slang\, n.
Any long, narrow piece of land; a promontory. [Local, Eng.]
--Holland.
Slang \Slang\, n. [Cf. {Sling}.]
A fetter worn on the leg by a convict. [Eng.]
Slang \Slang\, n. [Said to be of Gypsy origin; but probably from
Scand., and akin to E. sling; cf. Norw. sleng a slinging, an
invention, device, slengja to sling, to cast, slengja kjeften
(literally, to sling the jaw) to use abusive language, to use
slang, slenjeord (ord = word) an insulting word, a new word
that has no just reason for being.]
Low, vulgar, unauthorized language; a popular but
unauthorized word, phrase, or mode of expression; also, the
jargon of some particular calling or class in society; low
popular cant; as, the slang of the theater, of college, of
sailors, etc.
Slang \Slang\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slanged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slanging}.]
To address with slang or ribaldry; to insult with vulgar
language. [Colloq.]
Every gentleman abused by a cabman or slanged by a
bargee was bound there and then to take off his coat
and challenge him to fisticuffs. --London
Spectator.
Slanginess \Slang"i*ness\, n.
Quality of being slangy.
Slangous \Slan"gous\, a.
Slangy. [R.] --John Bee.
Slang-whanger \Slang"-whang`er\, n. [Slang + whang to beat.]
One who uses abusive slang; a ranting partisan. [Colloq. or
Humorous] --W. Irving.
Slangy \Slang"y\, a.
Of or pertaining to slang; of the nature of slang; disposed
to use slang. [Written also {slangey}.]
Slank \Slank\,
imp. & p. p. of {Slink}.
Slant \Slant\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Slanted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slanting}.] [OE. slenten to slope, slide; cf. Sw. slinta to
slide.]
To be turned or inclined from a right line or level; to lie
obliquely; to slope.
On the side of younder slanting hill. --Dodsley.
Slant \Slant\, v. t.
To turn from a direct line; to give an oblique or sloping
direction to; as, to slant a line.
Slant \Slant\, n.
1. A slanting direction or plane; a slope; as, it lies on a
slant.
2. An oblique reflection or gibe; a sarcastic remark.
{Slant or wind}, a local variation of the wind from its
general direction.
Slant \Slant\, a. [Cf. dial. Sw. slant. See {Slant}, v. i.]
Inclined from a direct line, whether horizontal or
perpendicular; sloping; oblique. ``The slant lightning.''
--Milton.
Slanting \Slant"ing\, a.
Oblique; sloping. -- {Slant"ing*ly}, adv.
Slantwise \Slant"wise`\, Slantly \Slant"ly\, adv.
In an inclined direction; obliquely; slopingly.
Slap \Slap\, n. [OE. slappe; akin to LG. slappe, G. schlappe;
probably of imitative origin.]
A blow, esp. one given with the open hand, or with something
broad.
Slap \Slap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slapped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slapping}.]
To strike with the open hand, or with something broad.
Slap \Slap\, adv. [Cf. LG. slap, G. schlapp. See {Slap}, n.]
With a sudden and violent blow; hence, quickly; instantly;
directly. [Colloq.] ``The railroad cars drive slap into the
city.'' --Thackeray.
Slapdash \Slap"dash`\, adv. [Slap + dash.]
1. In a bold, careless manner; at random. [Colloq.]
2. With a slap; all at once; slap. [Colloq.] --Prior.
Slapdash \Slap"dash`\, v. t.
To apply, or apply something to, in a hasty, careless, or
rough manner; to roughcast; as, to slapdash mortar or paint
on a wall, or to slapdash a wall. [Colloq.] --Halliwell.
Slape \Slape\, a. [Icel. sleipr slippery; akin to E. slip.]
Slippery; smooth; crafty; hypocritical. [Prov. Eng.]
{Slape ale}, plain ale, as opposed to {medicated} or {mixed}
ale. [Prov. Eng.]
Slapeface \Slape"face`\, n.
A soft-spoken, crafty hypocrite. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Slapjack \Slap"jack`\, n.
A flat batter cake cooked on a griddle; a flapjack; a
griddlecake. [Local, U.S.]
Slapper \Slap"per\, n.
1. One who, or that which, slaps.
2. Anything monstrous; a whopper. [Slang] --Grose.
Slapper \Slap"per\, Slapping \Slap"ping\, a.
Very large; monstrous; big. [Slang.]
Slash \Slash\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slashed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slashing}.] [OE. slaschen, of uncertain origin; cf. OF.
esclachier to break, esclechier, esclichier, to break, and E.
slate, slice, slit, v. t.]
1. To cut by striking violently and at random; to cut in long
slits.
2. To lash; to ply the whip to. [R.] --King.
3. To crack or snap, as a whip. [R.] --Dr. H. More.
Slash \Slash\, v. i.
To strike violently and at random, esp. with an edged
instrument; to lay about one indiscriminately with blows; to
cut hastily and carelessly.
Hewing and slashing at their idle shades. --Spenser.
Slash \Slash\, n.
1. A long cut; a cut made at random.
2. A large slit in the material of any garment, made to show
the lining through the openings.
3. [Cf. {Slashy}.] pl. Swampy or wet lands overgrown with
bushes. [Local, U.S.] --Bartlett.
Slashed \Slashed\, a.
1. Marked or cut with a slash or slashes; deeply gashed;
especially, having long, narrow openings, as a sleeve or
other part of a garment, to show rich lining or under
vesture.
A gray jerkin, with scarlet and slashed sleeves.
--Sir W.
Scott.
2. (Bot.) Divided into many narrow parts or segments by sharp
incisions; laciniate.
Slasher \Slash"er\, n. (Textile Manuf.)
A machine for applying size to warp yarns.
Slash pine \Slash" pine"\ (Bot.)
A kind of pine tree ({Pinus Cubensis}) found in Southern
Florida and the West Indies; -- so called because it grows in
``slashes.''
Slashy \Slash"y\, a. [Cf. Sw. slaska to dabble in water. Cf.
{Slush}.]
Wet and dirty; slushy. [Prov. Eng.]
Slat \Slat\, n. [CF. {Slot} a bar.]
A thin, narrow strip or bar of wood or metal; as, the slats
of a window blind.
Slat \Slat\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slatted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slatting}.] [OE. slatten; cf. Icel. sletta to slap, to dab.]
1. To slap; to strike; to beat; to throw down violently.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]
How did you kill him? Slat[t]ed his brains out.
--Marston.
2. To split; to crack. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
3. To set on; to incite. See 3d {Slate}. [Prov. Eng.]
Slatch \Slatch\, n. [See {Slack}.] (Naut.)
(a) The period of a transitory breeze.
(b) An interval of fair weather.
(c) The loose or slack part of a rope; slack.
Slate \Slate\, n. [OE. slat, OF. esclat a shiver, splinter, F.
['e]clat, fr. OF. esclater to shiver, to chip, F. ['e]clater,
fr. OHG. sliezen to tear, slit, split, fr. sl[=i]zan to slit,
G. schleissen. See {Slit}, v. t., and cf. {Eclat}.]
1. (Min.) An argillaceous rock which readily splits into thin
plates; argillite; argillaceous schist.
2. Any rock or stone having a slaty structure.
3. A prepared piece of such stone. Especially:
(a) A thin, flat piece, for roofing or covering houses,
etc.
(b) A tablet for writing upon.
4. An artificial material, resembling slate, and used for the
above purposes.
5. A thin plate of any material; a flake. [Obs.]
6. (Politics) A list of candidates, prepared for nomination
or for election; a list of candidates, or a programme of
action, devised beforehand. [Cant, U.S.] --Bartlett.
{Adhesive slate} (Min.), a kind of slate of a greenish gray
color, which absorbs water rapidly, and adheres to the
tongue; whence the name.
{Aluminous slate}, or {Alum slate} (Min.), a kind of slate
containing sulphate of alumina, -- used in the manufacture
of alum.
{Bituminous slate} (Min.), a soft species of sectile clay
slate, impregnated with bitumen.
{Hornblende slate} (Min.), a slaty rock, consisting
essentially of hornblende and feldspar, useful for
flagging on account of its toughness.
{Slate ax} or {axe}, a mattock with an ax end, used in
shaping slates for roofs, and making holes in them for the
nails.
{Slate clay} (Geol.), an indurated clay, forming one of the
alternating beds of the coal measures, consisting of an
infusible compound of alumina and silica, and often used
for making fire bricks. --Tomlinson.
{Slate globe}, a globe the surface of which is made of an
artificial slatelike material.
{Slate pencil}, a pencil of slate, or of soapstone, used for
writing on a slate.
{Slate rocks} (Min.), rocks which split into thin lamin[ae],
not necessarily parallel to the stratification; foliated
rocks.
{Slate spar} (Min.), a variety of calcite of silvery white
luster and of a slaty structure.
{Transparent slate}, a plate of translucent material, as
ground glass, upon which a copy of a picture, placed
beneath it, can be made by tracing.
Slate \Slate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slating}.]
1. To cover with slate, or with a substance resembling slate;
as, to slate a roof; to slate a globe.
2. To register (as on a slate and subject to revision), for
an appointment. [Polit. Cant]
Slate \Slate\, v. t. [Cf. AS. sl[=ae]ting a privilege of
hunting.]
To set a dog upon; to bait; to slat. See 2d {Slat}, 3. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.] [Written also {slete}.] --Ray.
Slate-color \Slate"-col`or\
A dark bluish gray color.
Slate-gray \Slate"-gray`\, a.
Of a dark gray, like slate.
Slater \Slat"er\, n.
One who lays slates, or whose occupation is to slate
buildings.
Slater \Slat"er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any terrestrial isopod crustacean of the genus {Porcellio}
and allied genera; a sow bug.
Slating \Slat"ing\, n.
1. The act of covering with slate, slates, or a substance
resembling slate; the work of a slater.
2. Slates, collectively; also, material for slating.
Slatt \Slatt\, n. [See {Slat} a strip of board.]
A slab of stone used as a veneer for coarse masonry.
--Knight.
Slatter \Slat"ter\, v. i. [E. slat to throw or dash about.]
To be careless, negligent, or aswkward, esp. with regard to
dress and neatness; to be wasteful. --Ray.
Slattern \Slat"tern\, n.
A woman who is negligent of her dress or house; one who is
not neat and nice.
Slattern \Slat"tern\, a.
Resembling a slattern; sluttish; slatterny. ``The slattern
air.'' --Gay.
Slattern \Slat"tern\, v. t.
To consume carelessly or wastefully; to waste; -- with away.
[R.] --Chesterfield.
Slatternliness \Slat"tern*li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being slatternly; slovenliness;
untidiness.
Slatternly \Slat"tern*ly\, a.
Resembling a slattern; sluttish; negligent; dirty. -- adv. In
a slatternly manner.
Slatterpouch \Slat"ter*pouch`\, n.
A dance or game played by boys, requiring active exercise.
[Obs.] --Gayton.
Slatting \Slat"ting\,
Slats, collectively.
Slatting \Slat"ting\, n.
The violent shaking or flapping of anything hanging loose in
the wind, as of a sail, when being hauled down.
Slaty \Slat"y\, a. [From {Slate}.]
Resembling slate; having the nature, appearance, or
properties, of slate; composed of thin parallel plates,
capable of being separated by splitting; as, a slaty color or
texture.
{Slaty cleavage} (Min.), cleavage, as of rocks, into thin
leaves or plates, like those of slate; -- applied
especially to those cases in which the planes of cleavage
are not parallel to the planes of stratification. It is
now believed to be caused by the compression which the
strata have undergone.
{Slaty gneiss} (Min.), a variety of gneiss in which the
scales of mica or crystals of hornblende, which are
usually minute, form thin lamin[ae], rendering the rock
easily cleavable.
Slaughter \Slaugh"ter\, n. [OE. slautir, slaughter, slaghter,
Icel. sl[=a]tr slain flesh, modified by OE. slaught, slaht,
slaughter, fr. AS. sleaht a stroke, blow; both from the root
of E. slay. See {Slay}, v. t., and cf. {Onslaught}.]
The act of killing. Specifically:
(a) The extensive, violent, bloody, or wanton destruction of
life; carnage.
On war and mutual slaughter bent. --Milton.
(b) The act of killing cattle or other beasts for market.
Syn: Carnage; massacre; butchery; murder; havoc.
Slaughter \Slaugh"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slaughtered}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Slaughtering}.]
1. To visit with great destruction of life; to kill; to slay
in battle.
Your castle is surprised; your wife and babes
Savagely slaughtered. --Shak.
2. To butcher; to kill for the market, as beasts.
Slaughterer \Slaugh"ter*er\, n.
One who slaughters.
Slaughterhouse \Slaugh"ter*house`\, n.
A house where beasts are butchered for the market.
Slaughterman \Slaugh"ter*man\, n.; pl. {Slaughtermen}.
One employed in slaughtering. --Shak.
Slaughterous \Slaugh"ter*ous\, a.
Destructive; murderous. --Shak. --M. Arnold. --
{Slaugh"ter*ous*ly}, adv.
Slav \Slav\, n.;pl. {Slavs}. [A word originally meaning,
intelligible, and used to contrast the people so called with
foreigners who spoke languages unintelligible to the Slavs;
akin to OSlav. slovo a word, slava fame, Skr. [,c]ru to hear.
Cf. {Loud}.] (Ethnol.)
One of a race of people occupying a large part of Eastern and
Northern Europe, including the Russians, Bulgarians,
Roumanians, Servo-Croats, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Wends or
Sorbs, Slovaks, etc. [Written also {Slave}, and {Sclav}.]
Slave \Slave\, n.
See {Slav}.
Slave \Slave\, n. [Cf. F. esclave, D. slaaf, Dan. slave, sclave,
Sw. slaf, all fr. G. sklave, MHG. also slave, from the
national name of the Slavonians, or Sclavonians (in LL. Slavi
or Sclavi), who were frequently made slaves by the Germans.
See {Slav}.]
1. A person who is held in bondage to another; one who is
wholly subject to the will of another; one who is held as
a chattel; one who has no freedom of action, but whose
person and services are wholly under the control of
another.
thou our slave, Our captive, at the public mill our
drudge? --Milton.
2. One who has lost the power of resistance; one who
surrenders himself to any power whatever; as, a slave to
passion, to lust, to strong drink, to ambition.
3. A drudge; one who labors like a slave.
4. An abject person; a wretch. --Shak.
{Slave ant} (Zo["o]l.), any species of ants which is captured
and enslaved by another species, especially {Formica
fusca} of Europe and America, which is commonly enslaved
by {Formica sanguinea}.
{Slave catcher}, one who attempted to catch and bring back a
fugitive slave to his master.
{Slave coast}, part of the western coast of Africa to which
slaves were brought to be sold to foreigners.
{Slave driver}, one who superintends slaves at their work;
hence, figuratively, a cruel taskmaster.
{Slave hunt}.
(a) A search after persons in order to reduce them to
slavery. --Barth.
(b) A search after fugitive slaves, often conducted with
bloodhounds.
{Slave ship}, a vessel employed in the slave trade or used
for transporting slaves; a slaver.
{Slave trade}, the business of dealing in slaves, especially
of buying them for transportation from their homes to be
sold elsewhere.
{Slave trader}, one who traffics in slaves.
Syn: Bond servant; bondman; bondslave; captive; henchman;
vassal; dependent; drudge. See {Serf}.
Slave \Slave\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Slaved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slaving}.]
To drudge; to toil; to labor as a slave.
Slave \Slave\, v. t.
To enslave. --Marston.
Slaveborn \Slave"born`\, a.
Born in slavery.
Slaveholder \Slave"hold`er\, n.
One who holds slaves.
Slaveholding \Slave"hold`ing\, a.
Holding persons in slavery.
Slaveocracy \Slave*oc"ra*cy\, n.
See {Slavocracy}.
Slaver \Slav"er\, n.
1. A vessel engaged in the slave trade; a slave ship.
2. A person engaged in the purchase and sale of slaves; a
slave merchant, or slave trader.
The slaver's hand was on the latch, He seemed in
haste to go. --Longfellow.
Slaver \Slav"er\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Slavered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Slavering}.] [Cf. Icel. slafra. See {Slabber}.]
1. To suffer spittle, etc., to run from the mouth.
2. To be besmeared with saliva. --Shak.
Slaver \Slav"er\, v. t.
To smear with saliva issuing from the mouth; to defile with
drivel; to slabber.
Slaver \Slav"er\, n.
Saliva driveling from the mouth.
Of all mad creatures, if the learned are right, It is
the slaver kills, and not the bite. --Pope.
Slaverer \Slav"er*er\, n.
A driveler; an idiot.
Slavering \Slav"er*ing\, a.
Drooling; defiling with saliva. -- {Slav"er*ing*ly}, adv.
Slavery \Slav"er*y\, n.; pl. {Slaveries}. [See 2d {Slave}.]
1. The condition of a slave; the state of entire subjection
of one person to the will of another.
Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, slavery, said
I, still thou art a bitter draught! --Sterne.
I wish, from my soul, that the legislature of this
state [Virginia] could see the policy of a gradual
abolition of slavery. It might prevent much future
mischief. --Washington.
2. A condition of subjection or submission characterized by
lack of freedom of action or of will.
The vulgar slaveries rich men submit to. --C. Lever.
There is a slavery that no legislation can abolish,
-- the slavery of caste. --G. W. Cable.
3. The holding of slaves.
Syn: Bondage; servitude; inthrallment; enslavement;
captivity; bond service; vassalage.
Slavey \Slav"ey\, n.
A maidservant. [Colloq. & Jocose Eng.]
Slavic \Slav"ic\, a.
Slavonic. -- n. The group of allied languages spoken by the
Slavs.
Slavish \Slav"ish\, a.
Of or pertaining to slaves; such as becomes or befits a
slave; servile; excessively laborious; as, a slavish life; a
slavish dependance on the great. -- {Slav"ish*ly}, adv. --
{Slav"ish*ness}, n.
Slavism \Slav"ism\, n.
The common feeling and interest of the Slavonic race.
Slavocracy \Slav*oc"ra*cy\, n. [Slave + -cracy, as in
democracy.]
The persons or interest formerly representing slavery
politically, or wielding political power for the preservation
or advancement of slavery. [U. S.]
Slavonian \Sla*vo"ni*an\, Slavonic \Sla*von"ic\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to Slavonia, or its inhabitants.
2. Of or pertaining to the Slavs, or their language.
Slavonian \Sla*vo"ni*an\, n.
A native or inhabitant of Slavonia; ethnologically, a Slav.
Slavophil \Slav"o*phil\, Slavophile \Slav"o*phile\, n. [Slavic +
Gr. ??? loving.]
One, not being a Slav, who is interested in the development
and prosperity of that race.
Slaw \Slaw\, n. [D. sla, contr. fr. salade, OD. salaet, salad.
See {Salad}.]
Sliced cabbage served as a salad, cooked or uncooked.
Slaw \Slaw\, Slawen \Slaw"en\, obs.
p. p. of {Slee}, to slay.
With a sword drawn out he would have slaw himself.
--Wyclif (Acts
xvi. 27.)
Slay \Slay\, v. t. [imp. {Slew}; p. p. {Slain}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slaying}.] [OE. slan, sl?n, sleen, slee, AS. sle['a]n to
strike, beat, slay; akin to OFries. sl[=a], D. slaan, OS. &
OHG. slahan, G. schlagen, Icel. sl[=a], Dan. slaae, Sw. sl?,
Goth. slahan; perhaps akin to L. lacerare to tear to pieces,
Gr. ????, E. lacerate. Cf. {Slaughter}, {Sledge} a hammer,
{Sley}.]
To put to death with a weapon, or by violence; hence, to
kill; to put an end to; to destroy.
With this sword then will I slay you both. --Chaucer.
I will slay the last of them with the sword. --Amos ix.
1.
I'll slay more gazers than the basilisk. --Shak.
Syn: To kill; murder; slaughter; butcher.
Slayer \Slay"er\, n.
One who slays; a killer; a murderer; a destrroyer of life.
Slazy \Sla"zy\, a.
See {Sleazy}.
Sle \Sle\, v. t.
To slay. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sleave \Sleave\, n. [Cf. Dan. sl["o]if, a knot loop, Sw. slejf,
G. schleife a knot, silding knot, and E. slip, v.i.]
(a) The knotted or entangled part of silk or thread.
(b) Silk not yet twisted; floss; -- called also {sleave
silk}.
Sleep that knits up the ravell'd sleave of care.
--Shak.
Sleave \Sleave\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sleaved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sleaving}.]
To separate, as threads; to divide, as a collection of
threads; to sley; -- a weaver's term.
Sleaved \Sleaved\, a.
Raw; not spun or wrought; as, sleaved thread or silk.
--Holinshed.
Sleaziness \Slea"zi*ness\, n.
Quality of being sleazy.
Sleazy \Slea"zy\, a. [Cf. G. schleissig worn out, threadbare,
from schleissen to slit, split, decay, or E. leasy.]
Wanting firmness of texture or substance; thin; flimsy; as,
sleazy silk or muslin. [Spelt also {slazy}.]
Sled \Sled\, n. [Akin to D. slede, G. schlitten, OHG. slito,
Icel. sle?i, Sw. sl["a]de, Dan. sl?de, and E. slide, v. See
{Slide}, and cf. {Sledge} a vehicle, {Sleigh}.]
1. A vehicle on runners, used for conveying loads over the
snow or ice; -- in England called sledge.
2. A small, light vehicle with runners, used, mostly by young
persons, for sliding on snow or ice.
Sled \Sled\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sledded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sledding}.]
To convey or transport on a sled; as, to sled wood or timber.
Sledding \Sled"ding\, n.
1. The act of transporting or riding on a sled.
2. The state of the snow which admits of the running of
sleds; as, the sledding is good.
Sledge \Sledge\, n. [Perhaps from sleds, pl. of sled, confused
with sledge a hammer. See {Sled}, n.]
1. A strong vehicle with low runners or low wheels; or one
without wheels or runners, made of plank slightly turned
up at one end, used for transporting loads upon the snow,
ice, or bare ground; a sled.
2. A hurdle on which, formerly, traitors were drawn to the
place of execution. [Eng.] --Sir W. Scott.
3. A sleigh. [Eng.]
4. A game at cards; -- called also {old sledge}, and {all
fours}.
Sledge \Sledge\, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. {Sledged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sledging}.]
To travel or convey in a sledge or sledges. --Howitt.
Sledge \Sledge\, n. [AS. slecge,from sle['a]n to strike, beat.
See {Slay}, v. t.]
A large, heavy hammer, usually wielded with both hands; --
called also {sledge hammer}.
With his heavy sledge he can it beat. --Spenser.
Slee \Slee\, v. t. [See {Slay}.]
To slay. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sleek \Sleek\, a. [Compar. {Sleeker}; superl. {Sleekest}.] [OE.
slik; akin to Icel. sl[=i]kr, and OE. sliken to glide, slide,
G. schleichen, OHG. sl[=i]hhan, D. slik, slijk, mud, slime,
and E. slink. Cf. {Slick}, {Slink}.]
1. Having an even, smooth surface; smooth; hence, glossy; as,
sleek hair. --Chaucer.
So sleek her skin, so faultless was her make.
--Dryden.
2. Not rough or harsh.
Those rugged names to our like mouths grow sleek.
--Milton.
Sleek \Sleek\, adv.
With ease and dexterity. [Low]
Sleek \Sleek\, n.
That which makes smooth; varnish. [R.]
Sleek \Sleek\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sleeked};p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sleeking}.]
To make even and smooth; to render smooth, soft, and glossy;
to smooth over.
Sleeking her soft alluring locks. --Milton.
Gentle, my lord, sleek o'er your rugged looks. --Shak.
Sleekly \Sleek"ly\, adv.
In a sleek manner; smoothly.
Sleekness \Sleek"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sleek; smoothness and
glossiness of surface.
Sleeky \Sleek"y\, a.
1. Of a sleek, or smooth, and glossy appearance. --Thomson.
2. Fawning and deceitful; sly. [Scot.]
Sleep \Sleep\, obs.
imp. of Sleep. Slept. --Chaucer.
Sleep \Sleep\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Slept}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sleeping}.] [OE. slepen, AS. sl?pan; akin to OFries. sl?pa,
OS. sl[=a]pan, D. slapen, OHG. sl[=a]fan, G. schlafen, Goth.
sl?pan, and G. schlaff slack, loose, and L. labi to glide,
slide, labare to totter. Cf. {Lapse}.]
1. To take rest by a suspension of the voluntary exercise of
the powers of the body and mind, and an apathy of the
organs of sense; to slumber. --Chaucer.
Watching at the head of these that sleep. --Milton.
2. Figuratively:
(a) To be careless, inattentive, or uncouncerned; not to
be vigilant; to live thoughtlessly.
We sleep over our happiness. --Atterbury.
(b) To be dead; to lie in the grave.
Them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring
with him. --1 Thess. iv.
14.
(c) To be, or appear to be, in repose; to be quiet; to be
unemployed, unused, or unagitated; to rest; to lie
dormant; as, a question sleeps for the present; the
law sleeps.
How sweet the moonlight sleep upon this bank!
--Shak.
Sleep \Sleep\, v. t.
1. To be slumbering in; -- followed by a cognate object; as,
to sleep a dreamless sleep. --Tennyson.
2. To give sleep to; to furnish with accomodations for
sleeping; to lodge. [R.] --Blackw. Mag.
{To sleep away}, to spend in sleep; as, to sleep away
precious time.
{To sleep off}, to become free from by sleep; as, to sleep
off drunkeness or fatigue.
Sleep \Sleep\, n. [AS. sl[=ae]p; akin to OFries. sl[=e]p, OS.
sl[=a]p, D. slaap, OHG. sl[=a]f, G. schlaf, Goth. sl[=e]ps.
See {Sleep}, v. i.]
A natural and healthy, but temporary and periodical,
suspension of the functions of the organs of sense, as well
as of those of the voluntary and rational soul; that state of
the animal in which there is a lessened acuteness of sensory
perception, a confusion of ideas, and a loss of mental
control, followed by a more or less unconscious state. ``A
man that waketh of his sleep.'' --Chaucer.
O sleep, thou ape of death. --Shak.
Note: Sleep is attended by a relaxation of the muscles, and
the absence of voluntary activity for any rational
objects or purpose. The pulse is slower, the
respiratory movements fewer in number but more
profound, and there is less blood in the cerebral
vessels. It is susceptible of greater or less intensity
or completeness in its control of the powers.
{Sleep of plants} (Bot.), a state of plants, usually at
night, when their leaflets approach each other, and the
flowers close and droop, or are covered by the folded
leaves.
Syn: Slumber; repose; rest; nap; doze; drowse.
Sleep-at-noon \Sleep"-at-noon"\, n. (Bot.)
A plant ({Tragopogon pratensis}) which closes its flowers at
midday; a kind of goat's beard. --Dr. Prior.
Sleep-charged \Sleep"-charged`\, a.
Heavy with sleep.
Sleeper \Sleep"er\, n.
1. One who sleeps; a slumberer; hence, a drone, or lazy
person.
2. That which lies dormant, as a law. [Obs.] --Bacon.
3. A sleeping car. [Colloq. U.S.]
4. (Zo["o]l.) An animal that hibernates, as the bear.
5. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A large fresh-water gobioid fish ({Eleotris
dormatrix}).
(b) A nurse shark. See under {Nurse}.
Sleeper \Sleep"er\, n. [Cf. Norw. sleip a sleeper (a timber), as
adj., slippery, smooth. See {Slape}.]
Something lying in a reclining posture or position.
Specifically:
(a) One of the pieces of timber, stone, or iron, on or near
the level of the ground, for the support of some
superstructure, to steady framework, to keep in place the
rails of a railway, etc.; a stringpiece.
(b) One of the joists, or roughly shaped timbers, laid
directly upon the ground, to receive the flooring of the
ground story. [U.S.]
(c) (Naut.) One of the knees which connect the transoms to
the after timbers on the ship's quarter.
(d) (Naut.) The lowest, or bottom, tier of casks.
Sleepful \Sleep"ful\, a.
Strongly inclined to sleep; very sleepy. -- {Sleep"ful*ness},
n.
Sleepily \Sleep"i*ly\, adv.
In a sleepy manner; drowsily.
Sleepiness \Sleep"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sleepy.
Sleeping \Sleep"ing\,
a. & n. from {Sleep}.
{Sleeping car}, a railway car or carrriage, arranged with
apartments and berths for sleeping.
{Sleeping partner} (Com.), a dormant partner. See under
{Dormant}.
{Sleeping table} (Mining), a stationary inclined platform on
which pulverized ore is washed; a kind of buddle.
Sleepish \Sleep"ish\, a.
Disposed to sleep; sleepy; drowsy.
Your sleepish, and more than sleepish, security.
--Ford.
Sleepless \Sleep"less\, a.
1. Having no sleep; wakeful.
2. Having no rest; perpetually agitated. ``Biscay's sleepless
bay.'' --Byron. -- {Sleep"less*ly}, adv. --
{Sleep"less*ness}, n.
Sleepmarken \Sleep"mark`en\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See 1st {Hag}, 4.
Sleepwaker \Sleep"wak`er\, n.
On in a state of magnetic or mesmeric sleep.
Sleepwaking \Sleep"wak`ing\, n.
The state of one mesmerized, or in a partial and morbid
sleep.
Sleepwalker \Sleep"walk`er\, n.
One who walks in his sleep; a somnambulist.
Sleepwalking \Sleep"walk`ing\, n.
Walking in one's sleep.
Sleepy \Sleep"y\, a. [Compar. {Sleepier}; superl. {Sleepiest}.]
[AS. sl?pig. See {Sleep}, n.]
1. Drowsy; inclined to, or overcome by, sleep. --Shak.
She waked her sleepy crew. --Dryden.
2. Tending to induce sleep; soporiferous; somniferous; as, a
sleepy drink or potion. --Chaucer.
3. Dull; lazy; heavy; sluggish. --Shak.
'Tis not sleepy business; But must be looked to
speedily and strongly. --Shak.
4. Characterized by an absence of watchfulness; as, sleepy
security.
{Sleepy duck} (Zo["o]l.), the ruddy duck.
Sleepyhead \Sleep"y*head`\, n.
1. A sleepy person.
To bed, to bed, says Sleepyhead. --Mother
Goose.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The ruddy duck.
Sleer \Sle"er\, n.
A slayer. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sleet \Sleet\, n. (Gun.)
The part of a mortar extending from the chamber to the
trunnions.
Sleet \Sleet\, n. [OE. sleet; akin to MHG. sl?z, sl?ze
hailstone, G. schlosse; of uncertain origin.]
Hail or snow, mingled with rain, usually falling, or driven
by the wind, in fine particles.
Sleet \Sleet\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sleeted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sleeting}.]
To snow or hail with a mixture of rain.
Sleetch \Sleetch\, n. [Cf. {Slush}, {Slutch}.]
Mud or slime, such as that at the bottom of rivers. [Scot.]
Sleetiness \Sleet"i*ness\, n.
The state of being sleety.
Sleety \Sleet"y\, a.
Of or pertaining to sleet; characterized by sleet; as, a
sleety storm; sleety weather.
Sleeve \Sleeve\, n.
See {Sleave}, untwisted thread.
Sleeve \Sleeve\, n. [OE. sleeve, sleve, AS. sl?fe, sl?fe; akin
to sl?fan to put on, to clothe; cf. OD. sloove the turning up
of anything, sloven to turn up one's sleeves, sleve a sleeve,
G. schlaube a husk, pod.]
1. The part of a garment which covers the arm; as, the sleeve
of a coat or a gown. --Chaucer.
2. A narrow channel of water. [R.]
The Celtic Sea, called oftentimes the Sleeve.
--Drayton.
3. (Mach.)
(a) A tubular part made to cover, sustain, or steady
another part, or to form a connection between two
parts.
(b) A long bushing or thimble, as in the nave of a wheel.
(c) A short piece of pipe used for covering a joint, or
forming a joint between the ends of two other pipes.
{Sleeve button}, a detachable button to fasten the wristband
or cuff.
{Sleeve links}, two bars or buttons linked together, and used
to fasten a cuff or wristband.
{To laugh in the sleeve}, to laugh privately or unperceived,
especially while apparently preserving a grave or serious
demeanor toward the person or persons laughed at; that is,
perhaps, originally, by hiding the face in the wide
sleeves of former times.
{To pin}, or {hang}, {on the sleeve of}, to be, or make,
dependent upon.
Sleeve \Sleeve\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sleeved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sleeving}.]
To furnish with sleeves; to put sleeves into; as, to sleeve a
coat.
Sleeved \Sleeved\, a.
Having sleeves; furnished with sleeves; -- often in
composition; as, long-sleeved.
Sleevefish \Sleeve"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A squid.
Sleevehand \Sleeve"hand`\, n.
The part of a sleeve nearest the hand; a cuff or wristband.
[Obs.] --Shak.
Sleeveless \Sleeve"less\, a. [AS. sl?fle['a]s.]
1. Having no sleeves.
2. Wanting a cover, pretext, or palliation; unreasonable;
profitless; bootless; useless. [Obs.] --Shak.
The vexation of a sleeveless errand. --Bp.
Warburton.
Sleid \Sleid\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sleided}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sleiding}.] [See {Sley}.]
To sley, or prepare for use in the weaver's sley, or slaie.
--Shak.
Sleigh \Sleigh\, a.
Sly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sleigh \Sleigh\, n. [Cf. D. & LG. slede, slee, Icel. sle?i. See
{Sled}.]
A vehicle moved on runners, and used for transporting persons
or goods on snow or ice; -- in England commonly called a
sledge.
{Sleigh bell}, a small bell attached either to a horse when
drawing a slegh, or to the sleigh itself; especially a
globular bell with a loose ball which plays inside instead
of a clapper.
Sleighing \Sleigh"ing\, n.
1. The act of riding in a sleigh.
2. The state of the snow or ice which admits of running
sleighs.
Sleight \Sleight\, n. [OE. sleighte, sleihte, sleithe, Icel.
sl?g? (for sl?g?) slyness, cunning, fr. sl?gr (for sl?gr)
sly, cunning. See {Sly}.]
1. Cunning; craft; artful practice. [Obs.] ``His sleight and
his covin.'' --Chaucer.
2. An artful trick; sly artifice; a feat so dexterous that
the manner of performance escapes observation.
The world hath many subtle sleights. --Latimer.
3. Dexterous practice; dexterity; skill. --Chaucer. ``The
juggler's sleight.'' --Hudibras.
{Sleight of hand}, legerdemain; prestidigitation.
Sleightful \Sleight"ful\, a.
Cunning; dexterous. [Obs.]
Sleightly \Sleight"ly\, adv.
Cinningly. [Obs.] --Huloet.
Sleighty \Sleight"y\, a.
Cinning; sly. [Obs.] --Huloet.
Slender \Slen"der\, a. [Compar. {Slenderer}; superl.
{Slenderest}.] [OE. slendre, sclendre, fr. OD. slinder thin,
slender, perhaps through a French form; cf. OD. slinderen,
slidderen, to creep; perh. akin to E. slide.]
1. Small or narrow in proportion to the length or the height;
not thick; slim; as, a slender stem or stalk of a plant.
``A slender, choleric man.'' --Chaucer.
She, as a veil down to the slender waist, Her
unadorned golden tresses wore. --Milton.
2. Weak; feeble; not strong; slight; as, slender hope; a
slender constitution.
Mighty hearts are held in slender chains. --Pope.
They have inferred much from slender premises. --J.
H. Newman.
The slender utterance of the consonants. --J. Byrne.
3. Moderate; trivial; inconsiderable; slight; as, a man of
slender intelligence.
A slender degree of patience will enable him to
enjoy both the humor and the pathos. --Sir W.
Scott.
4. Small; inadequate; meager; pitiful; as, slender means of
support; a slender pittance.
Frequent begging makes slender alms. --Fuller.
5. Spare; abstemious; frugal; as, a slender diet.
The good Ostorius often deigned To grace my slender
table with his presence. --Philips.
6. (Phon.) Uttered with a thin tone; -- the opposite of
broad; as, the slender vowels long e and i. --
{Slen"der*ly}, adv. -- {Slen"der*ness}, n.
Slent \Slent\, n. & v.
See {Slant}. [Obs.]
Slep \Slep\, obs.
imp. of {Sleep}. Slept. --Chaucer.
Slepez \Sle*pez"\, n. [Russ. sliepets'.] (Zo["o]l.)
A burrowing rodent ({Spalax typhlus}), native of Russia and
Asia Minor. It has the general appearance of a mole, and is
destitute of eyes. Called also {mole rat}.
Slept \Slept\,
imp. & p. p. of {Sleep}.
Sleuth \Sleuth\, n. [Icel. sl[=o][eth]. See {Slot} a track.]
The track of man or beast as followed by the scent. [Scot.]
--Halliwell.
Sleuthhound \Sleuth"hound`\, n. [See {Sleuth}, and cf.
{Slothound}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A hound that tracks animals by the scent; specifically, a
bloodhound. [Spelt variously {slouthhound}, {sluthhound},
etc.]
Slew \Slew\,
imp. of {Slay}.
Slew \Slew\, v. t.
See {Slue}.
Slewed \Slewed\, a.
Somewhat drunk. [Slang]
Slewth \Slewth\, n.
Sloth; idleness. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sley \Sley\, n. [AS. sl?, fr. sle['a]n to strike. See {Slay}, v.
t.]
1. A weaver's reed. [Spelt also {slaie}.]
2. A guideway in a knitting machine. --Knight.
Sley \Sley\, v. t.
To separate or part the threads of, and arrange them in a
reed; -- a term used by weavers. See {Sleave}, and {Sleid}.
Slibber \Slib"ber\, a.
Slippery. [Obs.] --Holland.
Slice \Slice\, n. [OE. slice, sclice, OF. esclice, from
esclicier, esclichier, to break to pieces, of German origin;
cf. OHG. sl[=i]zan to split, slit, tear, G. schleissen to
slit. See {Slit}, v. t.]
1. A thin, broad piece cut off; as, a slice of bacon; a slice
of cheese; a slice of bread.
2. That which is thin and broad, like a slice. Specifically:
(a) A broad, thin piece of plaster.
(b) A salver, platter, or tray. [Obs.]
(c) A knife with a thin, broad blade for taking up or
serving fish; also, a spatula for spreading anything,
as paint or ink.
(d) A plate of iron with a handle, forming a kind of
chisel, or a spadelike implement, variously
proportioned, and used for various purposes, as for
stripping the planking from a vessel's side, for
cutting blubber from a whale, or for stirring a fire
of coals; a slice bar; a peel; a fire shovel. [Cant]
(e) (Shipbuilding) One of the wedges by which the cradle
and the ship are lifted clear of the building blocks
to prepare for launching.
(f) (Printing) A removable sliding bottom to galley.
{Slice bar}, a kind of fire iron resembling a poker, with a
broad, flat end, for stirring a fire of coals, and
clearing it and the grate bars from clinkers, ashes, etc.;
a slice.
Slice \Slice\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sliced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slicing}.]
1. To cut into thin pieces, or to cut off a thin, broad piece
from.
2. To cut into parts; to divide.
3. To clear by means of a slice bar, as a fire or the grate
bars of a furnace.
Slicer \Sli"cer\, n.
One who, or that which, slices; specifically, the circular
saw of the lapidary.
Slich \Slich\, Slick \Slick\, n. (Metal.)
See {Schlich}.
Slick \Slick\, a. [See {Sleek}.]
Sleek; smooth. ``Both slick and dainty.'' --Chapman.
Slick \Slick\, v. t.
To make sleek or smoth. ``Slicked all with sweet oil.''
--Chapman.
Slick \Slick\, n. (Joinery)
A wide paring chisel.
Slicken \Slick"en\, a.
Sleek; smooth. [Prov. Eng.]
Slickens \Slick"ens\, n. [Cf. {Slick}, n.] (Mining)
The pulverized matter from a quartz mill, or the lighter soil
of hydraulic mines. [Local, U. S.]
Slickensides \Slick"en*sides`\, n.
1. The smooth, striated, or partially polished surfaces of a
fissure or seam, supposed to have been produced by the
sliding of one surface on another.
2. A variety of galena found in Derbyshire, England.
Slicker \Slick"er\, n.
That which makes smooth or sleek. Specifically:
(a) A kind of burnisher for leather.
(b) (Founding) A curved tool for smoothing the surfaces of a
mold after the withdrawal of the pattern.
Slicker \Slick"er\, n.
A waterproof coat. [Western U.S.]
Slicking \Slick"ing\, n.
1. The act or process of smoothing.
2. pl. (Min.) Narrow veins of ore.
Slickness \Slick"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being slick; smoothness; sleekness.
Slid \Slid\,
imp. & p. p. of {Slide}.
Slidden \Slid"den\,
p. p. of {Slide}.
Slidder \Slid"der\, v. t. [AS. sliderian. See {Slide}, v. t.]
To slide with interruption. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Slidder \Slid"der\, Slidderly \Slid"der*ly\, Sliddery
\Slid"der*y\, a. [AS. slidor. See {Slide}, v. t.]
Slippery. [Obs.]
To a drunk man the way is slidder. --Chaucer.
Slide \Slide\, v. t. [imp. {Slid}; p. p. {Slidden}, {Slid}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Slidding}.] [OE. sliden, AS. sl[=i]dan; akin to
MHG. sl[=i]ten, also to AS. slidor slippery, E. sled, Lith.
slidus slippery. Cf. {Sled}.]
1. To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or
without walking or rolling; to slip; to glide; as, snow
slides down the mountain's side.
2. Especially, to move over snow or ice with a smooth,
uninterrupted motion, as on a sled moving by the force of
gravity, or on the feet.
They bathe in summer, and in winter slide. --Waller.
3. To pass inadvertently.
Beware thou slide not by it. --Ecclus.
xxviii. 26.
4. To pass along smoothly or unobservedly; to move gently
onward without friction or hindrance; as, a ship or boat
slides through the water.
Ages shall slide away without perceiving. --Dryden.
Parts answering parts shall slide into a whole.
--Pope.
5. To slip when walking or standing; to fall.
Their foot shall slide in due time. --Deut. xxxii.
35.
6. (Mus.) To pass from one note to another with no
perceptible cassation of sound.
7. To pass out of one's thought as not being of any
consequence. [Obs. or Colloq.]
With good hope let he sorrow slide. --Chaucer.
With a calm carelessness letting everything slide.
--Sir P.
Sidney.
Slide \Slide\, v. t.
1. To cause to slide; to thrust along; as, to slide one piece
of timber along another.
2. To pass or put imperceptibly; to slip; as, to slide in a
word to vary the sense of a question.
Slide \Slide\, n. [AS. sl[=i]de.]
1. The act of sliding; as, a slide on the ice.
2. Smooth, even passage or progress.
A better slide into their business. --Bacon.
3. That on which anything moves by sliding. Specifically:
(a) An inclined plane on which heavy bodies slide by the
force of gravity, esp. one constructed on a mountain
side for conveying logs by sliding them down.
(b) A surface of ice or snow on which children slide for
amusement.
4. That which operates by sliding. Specifically:
(a) A cover which opens or closes an aperture by sliding
over it.
(b) (Mach.) A moving piece which is guided by a part or
parts along which it slides.
(c) A clasp or brooch for a belt, or the like.
5. A plate or slip of glass on which is a picture or
delineation to be exhibited by means of a magic lantern,
stereopticon, or the like; a plate on which is an object
to be examined with a microscope.
6. The descent of a mass of earth, rock, or snow down a hill
or mountain side; as, a land slide, or a snow slide; also,
the track of bare rock left by a land slide.
7. (Geol.) A small dislocation in beds of rock along a line
of fissure. --Dana.
8. (Mus.)
(a) A grace consisting of two or more small notes moving
by conjoint degrees, and leading to a principal note
either above or below.
(b) An apparatus in the trumpet and trombone by which the
sounding tube is lengthened and shortened so as to
produce the tones between the fundamental and its
harmonics.
9. (Phonetics) A sound which, by a gradual change in the
position of the vocal organs, passes imperceptibly into
another sound.
10. (Steam Engine)
(a) Same as {Guide bar}, under {Guide}.
(b) A slide valve.
{Slide box} (Steam Engine), a steam chest. See under {Steam}.
{Slide lathe}, an engine lathe. See under {Lathe}.
{Slide rail}, a transfer table. See under {Transfer}.
{Slide rest} (Turning lathes), a contrivance for holding,
moving, and guiding, the cutting tool, made to slide on
ways or guides by screws or otherwise, and having compound
motion.
{Slide rule}, a mathematical instrument consisting of two
parts, one of which slides upon the other, for the
mechanical performance of addition and subtraction, and,
by means of logarithmic scales, of multiplication and
division.
{Slide valve}.
(a) Any valve which opens and closes a passageway by
sliding over a port.
(b) A particular kind of sliding valve, often used in
steam engines for admitting steam to the piston and
releasing it, alternately, having a cuplike cavity in
its face, through which the exhaust steam passes. It
is situated in the steam chest, and moved by the
valve gear. It is sometimes called a {D valve}, -- a
name which is also applied to a semicylindrical pipe
used as a sliding valve.
In the illustration, a is the cylinder of a steam engine, in
which plays the piston p; b the steam chest, receiving its
supply from the pipe i, and containing the slide valve s, which
is shown as admitting steam to one end of the cylinder through
the port e, and opening communication between the exhaust
passage f and the port c, for the release of steam from the
opposite end of the cylinder.
Slidegroat \Slide"groat\, n.
The game of shovelboard. [Obs.]
Slider \Slid"er\, a.
See {Slidder}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Slider \Slid"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, slides; especially, a sliding part
of an instrument or machine.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The red-bellied terrapin ({Pseudemys rugosa}).
[Local, U. S. ]
{Slider pump}, a form of rotary pump.
Sliding \Slid"ing\, a.
1. That slides or slips; gliding; moving smoothly.
2. Slippery; elusory. [Obs.]
That sliding science hath me made so bare.
--Chaucer.
{Sliding friction} (Mech.), the resistance one body meets
with in sliding along the surface of another, as
distinguished from rolling friction.
{Sliding gunter} (Naut.), a topmast arranged with metallic
fittings so as to be hoisted and lowered by means of
halyards.
{Sliding keel} (Naut), a movable keel, similar to a
centeboard.
{Sliding pair}. (Mech.) See the Note under {Pair}, n., 7.
{Sliding rule}. Same as {Slide rule}, under {Slide}, n.
{Sliding scale}.
(a) A scale for raising or lowering imposts in proportion
to the fall or rise of prices.
(b) A variable scale of wages or of prices.
(c) A slide rule.
{Sliding ways} (Naut.), the timber guides used in launching a
vessel.
Slidometer \Sli*dom"e*ter\, n. [Slide + -meter.]
An instrument for indicating and recording shocks to railway
cars occasioned by sudden stopping.
Slight \Slight\, n.
Sleight. --Spenser.
Slight \Slight\, v. t. [Cf. D. slechten to level, to demolish.]
1. To overthrow; to demolish. [Obs.] --Clarendon.
2. To make even or level. [Obs.] --Hexham.
3. To throw heedlessly. [Obs.]
The rogue slighted me into the river. --Shak.
Slight \Slight\, a. [Compar. {Slighter}; superl. {Slightest}.]
[OE. sli?t, sleght, probably from OD. slicht, slecht, simple,
plain, D. slecht; akin to OFries. sliucht, G. schlecht,
schlicht, OHG. sleht smooth, simple, Icel. sl?ttr smooth, Sw.
sl["a]t, Goth. sla['i]hts; or uncertain origin.]
1. Not decidedly marked; not forcible; inconsiderable;
unimportant; insignificant; not severe; weak; gentle; --
applied in a great variety of circumstances; as, a slight
(i. e., feeble) effort; a slight (i. e., perishable)
structure; a slight (i. e., not deep) impression; a slight
(i. e., not convincing) argument; a slight (i. e., not
thorough) examination; slight (i. e., not severe) pain,
and the like. ``At one slight bound.'' --Milton.
Slight is the subject, but not so the praise.
--Pope.
Some firmly embrace doctrines upon slight grounds.
--Locke.
2. Not stout or heavy; slender.
His own figure, which was formerly so slight. --Sir
W. Scott.
3. Foolish; silly; weak in intellect. --Hudibras.
Slight \Slight\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slighted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slighting}.]
To disregard, as of little value and unworthy of notice; to
make light of; as, to slight the divine commands. --Milton.
The wretch who slights the bounty of the skies.
--Cowper.
{To slight off}, to treat slightingly; to drive off; to
remove. [R.] -- {To slight over}, to run over in haste; to
perform superficially; to treat carelessly; as, to slight
over a theme. ``They will but slight it over.'' --Bacon.
Syn: To neglect; disregard; disdain; scorn.
Usage: {Slight}, {Neglect}. To slight is stronger than to
neglect. We may neglect a duty or person from
inconsiderateness, or from being over-occupied in
other concerns. To slight is always a positive and
intentional act, resulting from feelings of dislike or
contempt. We ought to put a kind construction on what
appears neglect on the part of a friend; but when he
slights us, it is obvious that he is our friend no
longer.
Beware . . . lest the like befall . . . If they
transgress and slight that sole command.
--Milton.
This my long-sufferance, and my day of grace,
Those who neglect and scorn shall never taste.
--Milton.
Slight \Slight\, n.
The act of slighting; the manifestation of a moderate degree
of contempt, as by neglect or oversight; neglect; indignity.
Syn: Neglect; disregard; inattention; contempt; disdain;
scorn; disgrace; indignity; disparagement.
Slight \Slight\, adv.
Slightly. [Obs. or Poetic]
Think not so slight of glory. --Milton.
Slighten \Slight"en\, v. t.
To slight. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Slighter \Slight"er\, n.
One who slights.
Slightful \Slight"ful\, a.
See {Sleightful}. [Obs.]
Slighting \Slight"ing\, a.
Characterized by neglect or disregard.
Slightingly \Slight"ing*ly\, adv.
In a slighting manner.
Slightly \Slight"ly\, adv.
1. In a slight manner.
2. Slightingly; negligently. [Obs.] --Shak.
Slightness \Slight"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being slight; slenderness;
feebleness; superficiality; also, formerly, negligence;
indifference; disregard.
Slighty \Slight"y\, a.
Slight. [Obs.] --Echard.
Slik \Slik\, a. [See {Such}.]
Such. [Obs. or Scot.]
Note: Used by Chaucer as of the Northern dialect.
Silkensides \Silk"en*sides`\, n.
Same as {Slickensides}.
Slily \Sli"ly\, adv.
See {Slyly}. --South.
Slim \Slim\, a. [Compar. {Slimmer}; superl. {Slimmest}.]
[Formerly, bad, worthless, weak, slight, awry, fr. D. slim;
akin to G. schlimm, MHG. slimp oblique, awry; of uncertain
origin. The meaning of the English word seems to have been
influenced by slender.]
1. Worthless; bad. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
2. Weak; slight; unsubstantial; poor; as, a slim argument.
``That was a slim excuse.'' --Barrow.
3. Of small diameter or thickness in proportion to the height
or length; slender; as, a slim person; a slim tree.
--Grose.
Slime \Slime\, n. [OE. slim, AS. sl[=i]m; akin to D. slijm, G.
schleim, MHG. sl[=i]men to make smooth, Icel. sl[=i]m slime,
Dan. sliim; cf. L. limare to file, polish, levis smooth, Gr.
???; or cf. L. limus mud.]
1. Soft, moist earth or clay, having an adhesive quality;
viscous mud.
As it [Nilus] ebbs, the seedsman Upon the slime and
ooze scatters his grain. --Shak.
2. Any mucilaginous substance; any substance of a dirty
nature, that is moist, soft, and adhesive.
3. (Script.) Bitumen. [Archaic]
Slime had they for mortar. --Gen. xi. 3.
4. pl. (Mining) Mud containing metallic ore, obtained in the
preparatory dressing. --Pryce.
5. (Physiol.) A mucuslike substance which exudes from the
bodies of certain animals. --Goldsmith.
{Slime eel}. (Zo["o]l.) See 1st {Hag}, 4.
{Slime pit}, a pit for the collection of slime or bitumen.
Slime \Slime\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slimed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sliming}.]
To smear with slime. --Tennyson.
Slimily \Slim"i*ly\, adv.
In a slimy manner.
Sliminess \Slim"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being slimy.
Slimly \Slim"ly\, adv.
In a state of slimness; in a slim manner; slenderly.
Slimness \Slim"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being slim.
Slimsy \Slim"sy\, a.
Flimsy; frail. [Colloq. U.S.]
Slimy \Slim"y\, a. [Compar. {Slimier}; superl. {Slimiest}.]
Of or pertaining to slime; resembling slime; of the nature of
slime; viscous; glutinous; also, covered or daubed with
slime; yielding, or abounding in, slime.
Slimy things did crawl with legs Upon the slimy sea.
--Coleridge.
Sliness \Sli"ness\, n.
See {Slyness}.
Sling \Sling\, n. [OE. slinge; akin to OD. slinge, D. slinger,
OHG. slinga; cf. OF. eslingue, of German origin. See {Sling},
v. t.]
1. An instrument for throwing stones or other missiles,
consisting of a short strap with two strings fastened to
its ends, or with a string fastened to one end and a light
stick to the other. The missile being lodged in a hole in
the strap, the ends of the string are taken in the hand,
and the whole whirled rapidly round until, by loosing one
end, the missile is let fly with centrifugal force.
2. The act or motion of hurling as with a sling; a throw;
figuratively, a stroke.
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. --Shak.
At one sling Of thy victorius arm, well-pleasing
Son. --Milton.
3. A contrivance for sustaining anything by suspension; as:
(a) A kind of hanging bandage put around the neck, in
which a wounded arm or hand is supported.
(b) A loop of rope, or a rope or chain with hooks, for
suspending a barrel, bale, or other heavy object, in
hoisting or lowering.
(c) A strap attached to a firearm, for suspending it from
the shoulder.
(d) (Naut.) A band of rope or iron for securing a yard to
a mast; -- chiefly in the plural.
{Sling cart}, a kind of cart used to transport cannon and
their carriages, large stones, machines, etc., the objects
transported being slung, or suspended by a chain attached
to the axletree.
{Sling dog}, one of a pair of iron hooks used as part of a
sling. See def. 3
(b) above.
Sling \Sling\, v. t. [imp. {Slung}, Archaic {Slang}; p. p.
{Slung}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Slinging}.] [AS. slingan; akin to
D. slingeren, G. schlingen, to wind, to twist, to creep, OHG.
slingan to wind, to twist, to move to and fro, Icel. slyngva,
sl["o]ngva, to sling, Sw. slunga, Dan. slynge, Lith. slinkti
to creep.]
1. To throw with a sling. ``Every one could sling stones at
an hairbreadth, and not miss.'' --Judg. xx. 16.
2. To throw; to hurl; to cast. --Addison.
3. To hang so as to swing; as, to sling a pack.
4. (Naut) To pass a rope round, as a cask, gun, etc.,
preparatory to attaching a hoisting or lowering tackle.
Sling \Sling\, n. [Cf. G. schlingen to swallow.]
A drink composed of spirit (usually gin) and water sweetened.
Slinger \Sling"er\, n.
One who slings, or uses a sling.
Slink \Slink\, v. t. [imp. {Slunk}, Archaic {Slank}; p. p.
{Slunk}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Slinking}.] [AS. slincan; probably
akin to G. schleichen, E. sleek. See {Sleek}, a.]
1. To creep away meanly; to steal away; to sneak. ``To slink
away and hide.'' --Tale of Beryn.
Back to the thicket slunk The guilty serpent.
--Milton.
There were some few who slank obliquely from them as
they passed. --Landor.
2. To miscarry; -- said of female beasts.
Slink \Slink\, v. t.
To cast prematurely; -- said of female beasts; as, a cow that
slinks her calf.
Slink \Slink\, a.
1. Produced prematurely; as, a slink calf.
2. Thin; lean. [Scot.]
Slink \Slink\, n.
1. The young of a beast brought forth prematurely, esp. a
calf brought forth before its time.
2. A thievish fellow; a sneak. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Slinky \Slink"y\, a.
Thin; lank. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]
Slip \Slip\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Slipped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slipping}.] [OE. slippen; akin to LG. & D. slippen, MHG.
slipfen (cf. Dan. slippe, Sw. slippa, Icel. sleppa), and fr.
OE. slipen, AS. sl[=i]pan (in comp.), akin to G. schleifen to
slide, glide, drag, whet, OHG. sl[=i]fan to slide, glide,
make smooth, Icel. sl[=i]pa to whet; cf. also AS. sl?pan,
Goth. sliupan, OS. slopian, OHG. sliofan, G. schliefen,
schl?pfen, which seem to come from a somewhat different root
form. Cf. {Slope}, n.]
1. To move along the surface of a thing without bounding,
rolling, or stepping; to slide; to glide.
2. To slide; to lose one's footing or one's hold; not to
tread firmly; as, it is necessary to walk carefully lest
the foot should slip.
3. To move or fly (out of place); to shoot; -- often with
out, off, etc.; as, a bone may slip out of its place.
4. To depart, withdraw, enter, appear, intrude, or escape as
if by sliding; to go or come in a quiet, furtive manner;
as, some errors slipped into the work.
Thus one tradesman slips away, To give his partner
fairer play. --Prior.
Thrice the flitting shadow slipped away. --Dryden.
5. To err; to fall into error or fault.
There is one that slippeth in his speech, but not
from his heart. --Ecclus. xix.
16.
{To let slip}, to loose from the slip or noose, as a hound;
to allow to escape.
Cry, ``Havoc,'' and let slip the dogs of war.
--Shak.
Slip \Slip\, v. t.
1. To cause to move smoothly and quickly; to slide; to convey
gently or secretly.
He tried to slip a powder into her drink.
--Arbuthnot.
2. To omit; to loose by negligence.
And slip no advantage That my secure you. --B.
Jonson.
3. To cut slips from; to cut; to take off; to make a slip or
slips of; as, to slip a piece of cloth or paper.
The branches also may be slipped and planted.
--Mortimer.
4. To let loose in pursuit of game, as a greyhound.
Lucento slipped me like his greyhound. --Shak.
5. To cause to slip or slide off, or out of place; as, a
horse slips his bridle; a dog slips his collar.
6. To bring forth (young) prematurely; to slink.
{To slip a cable}. (Naut.) See under {Cable}.
{To slip off}, to take off quickly; as, to slip off a coat.
{To slip on}, to put on in haste or loosely; as, to slip on a
gown or coat.
Slip \Slip\, n. [AS. slipe, slip.]
1. The act of slipping; as, a slip on the ice.
2. An unintentional error or fault; a false step.
This good man's slip mended his pace to martyrdom.
--Fuller.
3. A twig separated from the main stock; a cutting; a scion;
hence, a descendant; as, a slip from a vine.
A native slip to us from foreign seeds. --Shak.
The girlish slip of a Sicilian bride. --R. Browning.
4. A slender piece; a strip; as, a slip of paper.
Moonlit slips of silver cloud. --Tennyson.
A thin slip of a girl, like a new moon Sure to be
rounded into beauty soon. --Longfellow.
5. A leash or string by which a dog is held; -- so called
from its being made in such a manner as to slip, or become
loose, by relaxation of the hand.
We stalked over the extensive plains with Killbuck
and Lena in the slips, in search of deer. --Sir S.
Baker.
6. An escape; a secret or unexpected desertion; as, to give
one the slip. --Shak.
7. (Print.) A portion of the columns of a newspaper or other
work struck off by itself; a proof from a column of type
when set up and in the galley.
8. Any covering easily slipped on. Specifically:
(a) A loose garment worn by a woman.
(b) A child's pinafore.
(c) An outside covering or case; as, a pillow slip.
(d) The slip or sheath of a sword, and the like. [R.]
9. A counterfeit piece of money, being brass covered with
silver. [Obs.] --Shak.
10. Matter found in troughs of grindstones after the grinding
of edge tools. [Prov. Eng.] --Sir W. Petty.
11. Potter's clay in a very liquid state, used for the
decoration of ceramic ware, and also as a cement for
handles and other applied parts.
12. A particular quantity of yarn. [Prov. Eng.]
13. An inclined plane on which a vessel is built, or upon
which it is hauled for repair.
14. An opening or space for vessels to lie in, between
wharves or in a dock; as, Peck slip. [U. S.]
15. A narrow passage between buildings. [Eng.]
16. A long seat or narrow pew in churches, often without a
door. [U. S.]
17. (Mining.) A dislocation of a lead, destroying continuity.
--Knight.
18. (Engin.) The motion of the center of resistance of the
float of a paddle wheel, or the blade of an oar, through
the water horozontally, or the difference between a
vessel's actual speed and the speed which she would have
if the propelling instrument acted upon a solid; also,
the velocity, relatively to still water, of the backward
current of water produced by the propeller.
19. (Zo["o]l.) A fish, the sole.
20. (Cricket) A fielder stationed on the off side and to the
rear of the batsman. There are usually two of them,
called respectively {short slip}, and {long slip}.
{To give one the slip}, to slip away from one; to elude one.
{Slip dock}. See under {Dock}.
{Slip link} (Mach.), a connecting link so arranged as to
allow some play of the parts, to avoid concussion.
{Slip rope} (Naut.), a rope by which a cable is secured
preparatory to slipping. --Totten.
{Slip stopper} (Naut.), an arrangement for letting go the
anchor suddenly.
Slipboard \Slip"board`\, n.
A board sliding in grooves.
Slipcoat cheese \Slip"coat` cheese"\
A rich variety of new cheese, resembling butter, but white.
--Halliwell.
Slipes \Slipes\, n. pl. [Cf. {Slip}, v.]
Sledge runners on which a skip is dragged in a mine.
Slipknot \Slip"knot`\, n.
knot which slips along the rope or line around which it is
made.
Slip-on \Slip"-on`\, n.
A kind of overcoat worn upon the shoulders in the manner of a
cloak. [Scot.]
Slippage \Slip"page\, n.
The act of slipping; also, the amount of slipping.
Slipper \Slip"per\, n.
1. One who, or that which, slips.
2. A kind of light shoe, which may be slipped on with ease,
and worn in undress; a slipshoe.
3. A kind of apron or pinafore for children.
4. A kind of brake or shoe for a wagon wheel.
5. (Mach.) A piece, usually a plate, applied to a sliding
piece, to receive wear and afford a means of adjustment;
-- also called {shoe}, and {gib}.
{Slipper animalcule} (Zo["o]l.), a ciliated infusorian of the
genus {Paramecium}.
{Slipper flower}.(Bot.) Slipperwort.
{Slipper limpet}, or {Slipper shell} (Zo["o]l.), a boat
shell.
Slipper \Slip"per\, a. [AS. slipur.]
Slippery. [Obs.]
O! trustless state of earthly things, and slipper hope
Of mortal men. --Spenser.
Slippered \Slip"pered\, a.
Wearing slippers. --Shak.
Slipperily \Slip"per*i*ly\, adv.
In a slippery manner.
Slipperiness \Slip"per*i*ness\, n.
The quality of being slippery.
Slipperness \Slip"per*ness\, n.
Slipperiness. [Obs.]
Slipperwort \Slip"per*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
See {Calceolaria}.
Slippery \Slip"per*y\, a. [See {Slipper}, a.]
1. Having the quality opposite to adhesiveness; allowing or
causing anything to slip or move smoothly, rapidly, and
easily upon the surface; smooth; glib; as, oily substances
render things slippery.
2. Not affording firm ground for confidence; as, a slippery
promise.
The slippery tops of human state. --Cowley.
3. Not easily held; liable or apt to slip away.
The slippery god will try to loose his hold.
--Dryden.
4. Liable to slip; not standing firm. --Shak.
5. Unstable; changeable; mutable; uncertain; inconstant;
fickle. ``The slippery state of kings.'' --Denham.
6. Uncertain in effect. --L'Estrange.
7. Wanton; unchaste; loose in morals. --Shak.
{Slippery elm}. (Bot.)
(a) An American tree ({Ulmus fulva}) with a mucilagenous
and slightly aromatic inner bark which is sometimes
used medicinally; also, the inner bark itself.
(b) A malvaceous shrub ({Fremontia Californica}); -- so
called on the Pacific coast.
Slippiness \Slip"pi*ness\, n.
Slipperiness. [R.] ``The slippiness of the way.'' --Sir W.
Scott.
Slippy \Slip"py\, a. [AS. slipeg.]
Slippery.
Slipshod \Slip"shod`\, a.
1. Wearing shoes or slippers down at the heel.
The shivering urchin bending as he goes, With
slipshod heels. --Cowper.
2. Figuratively: Careless in dress, manners, style, etc.;
slovenly; shuffling; as, slipshod manners; a slipshod or
loose style of writing.
Thy wit shall ne'er go slipshod. --Shak.
Slipshoe \Slip"shoe`\, n.
A slipper. --Halliwell.
Slipskin \Slip"skin`\, a.
Evasive. [Obs.] --Milton.
Slipslop \Slip"slop`\, n. [A reduplication of slop.]
Weak, poor, or flat liquor; weak, profitless discourse or
writing.
Slipstring \Slip"string`\, n.
One who has shaken off restraint; a prodigal. [Obs.]
--Cotgrave.
Slipthrift \Slip"thrift`\, n.
A spendthrift. [Obs.]
Slish \Slish\, n. [A corruption of slash.]
A cut; as, slish and slash. [Colloq.] --Shak.
Slit \Slit\, obs.
3d. pers. sing. pres. of {Slide}. --Chaucer.
Slit \Slit\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slit} or {Slitted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Slitting}.] [OE. slitten, fr. sliten, AS. st[=i]tan
to tear; akin to D. slijten to wear out, G. schleissen to
slit, split, OHG. sl[=i]zan to split, tear, wear out, Icel.
st[=i]ta to break, tear, wear out, Sw. slita, Dan. slide. Cf.
{Eclat}, {Slate}, n., {Slice}.]
1. To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or strips; as,
to slit iron bars into nail rods; to slit leather into
straps.
2. To cut or make a long fissure in or upon; as, to slit the
ear or the nose.
3. To cut; to sever; to divide. [Obs.]
And slits the thin-spun life. --Milton.
Slit \Slit\, n. [AS. slite.]
A long cut; a narrow opening; as, a slit in the ear.
{Gill slit}. (Anat.) See {Gill opening}, under {Gill}.
Slither \Slith"er\, v. i. [Cf. G. schlittern, LG. schliddern.
See {Slide}.]
To slide; to glide. [Prov. Eng.]
Slit-shell \Slit"-shell"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of {Pleurotomaria}, a genus of beautiful, pearly,
spiral gastropod shells having a deep slit in the outer lip.
Many fossil species are known, and a few living ones are
found in deep water in tropical seas.
Slitter \Slit"ter\, n.
One who, or that which, slits.
Slitting \Slit"ting\,
a. & n. from {Slit}.
{Slitting file}. See Illust.
(i) of {File}.
{Slitting mill}.
(a) A mill where iron bars or plates are slit into narrow
strips, as nail rods, and the like.
(b) A machine used by lapidaries for slicing stones, usually
by means of a revolving disk, called a slicer, supplied
with diamond powder.
{Slitting roller}, one of a pair of rollers furnished with
ribs entering between similar ribs in the other roller,
and cutting like shears, -- used in slitting metals.
Slive \Slive\, v. i. [Cf. {Slip}.]
To sneak. [Prov. Eng.]
Slive \Slive\, v. t. [OE. sliven to split, cleave, AS.
sl[=i]fan.]
To cut; to split; to separate. [Obs.] --Holland.
Sliver \Sliv"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slivered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Slivering}.] [See {Slive}, v. t.]
To cut or divide into long, thin pieces, or into very small
pieces; to cut or rend lengthwise; to slit; as, to sliver
wood. --Shak.
They 'll sliver thee like a turnip. --Sir W.
Scott.
Sliver \Sliv"er\, n.
1. A long piece cut ot rent off; a sharp, slender fragment; a
splinter.
2. A strand, or slender roll, of cotton or other fiber in a
loose, untwisted state, produced by a carding machine and
ready for the roving or slubbing which preceeds spinning.
3. pl. Bait made of pieces of small fish. Cf. {Kibblings}.
[Local, U.S.] --Bartlett.
Sloakan \Sloak"an\, n. (Bot.)
A species of seaweed. [Spelled also {slowcawn}.] See 3d
{Laver}.
Sloam \Sloam\, n. (Mining)
A layer of earth between coal seams.
Sloat \Sloat\, n. [See {Slot} a bar.]
A narrow piece of timber which holds together large pieces; a
slat; as, the sloats of a cart.
Slobber \Slob"ber\, v. t. & i.
See {Slabber}.
Slobber \Slob"ber\, n.
1. See {Slabber}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A jellyfish. [Prov. Eng.]
3. pl. (Vet.) Salivation.
Slobberer \Slob"ber*er\, n.
1. One who slobbers.
2. A slovenly farmer; a jobbing tailor. [Prov. Eng.]
Slobbery \Slob"ber*y\, a.
Wet; sloppy, as land. --Shak.
Slock \Slock\, Slocken \Slock"en\, v. t.
To quench; to allay; to slake. See {Slake}. [Obs. or Scot.]
Slocking \Slock"ing\,
a. & n. from {Slock}.
{Slocking stone}, a rich piece of ore displayed in order to
tempt persons to embark in a mining enterprise.
Sloe \Sloe\, n. [OE. slo, AS. sl[=a]; akin to D. slee, G.
schlehe, OHG. sl$ha, Dan. slaaen, Sw. sl?n, perhaps
originally, that which blunts the teeth, or sets them on edge
(cf. {Slow}); cf. Lith. sliwa a plum, Russ. sliva.] (Bot.)
A small, bitter, wild European plum, the fruit of the
blackthorn ({Prunus spinosa}); also, the tree itself.
Slogan \Slo"gan\, n. [Gael. sluagh-ghairm, i.e., an army cry;
sluagh army + gairm a call, calling.]
The war cry, or gathering word, of a Highland clan in
Scotland; hence, any rallying cry. --Sir W. Scott.
Sloggy \Slog"gy\, a.
Sluggish. [Obs.]
Somnolence that is sloggy slumbering --Chaucer.
Sloke \Sloke\, n. (Bot.)
See {Sloakan}.
Sloo \Sloo\, or Slue \Slue\, n.
A slough; a run or wet place. See 2d {Slough}, 2.
Sloom \Sloom\, n.
Slumber. [Prov. Eng.]
Sloomy \Sloom"y\, a.
Sluggish; slow. [Prov. Eng.]
Sloop \Sloop\, n.[D. sloep, of uncertain origin. Cf. {Shallop}.]
(Naut.)
A vessel having one mast and fore-and-aft rig, consisting of
a boom-and-gaff mainsail, jibs, staysail, and gaff topsail.
The typical sloop has a fixed bowsprit, topmast, and standing
rigging, while those of a cutter are capable of being readily
shifted. The sloop usually carries a centerboard, and depends
for stability upon breadth of beam rather than depth of keel.
The two types have rapidly approximated since 1880. One
radical distinction is that a slop may carry a centerboard.
See {Cutter}, and Illustration in Appendix.
{Sloop of war}, formerly, a vessel of war rigged either as a
ship, brig, or schooner, and mounting from ten to
thirty-two guns; now, any war vessel larger than a
gunboat, and carrying guns on one deck only.
Slop \Slop\, n. [OE. sloppe a pool; akin to As. sloppe, slyppe,
the sloppy droppings of a cow; cf. AS. sl?pan to slip, and E.
slip, v.i. Cf. {Cowslip}.]
1. Water or other liquid carelessly spilled or thrown aboyt,
as upon a table or a floor; a puddle; a soiled spot.
2. Mean and weak drink or liquid food; -- usually in the
plural.
3. pl. Dirty water; water in which anything has been washed
or rinsed; water from wash-bowls, etc.
{Slop basin}, or {Slop bowl}, a basin or bowl for holding
slops, especially for receiving the rinsings of tea or
coffee cups at the table.
{Slop molding} (Brickmaking), a process of manufacture in
which the brick is carried to the drying ground in a wet
mold instead of on a pallet.
Slop \Slop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slopped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slopping}.]
1. To cause to overflow, as a liquid, by the motion of the
vessel containing it; to spill.
2. To spill liquid upon; to soil with a liquid spilled.
Slop \Slop\, v. i.
To overflow or be spilled as a liquid, by the motion of the
vessel containing it; -- often with over.
Slop \Slop\, n. [AS. slop a frock or over-garment, fr. sl?pan to
slip, to slide; akin to Icel sloppr a thin garment; cf. OHG.
slouf a garment. Cf. {Slip}, v. i.]
1. Any kind of outer garment made of linen or cotton, as a
night dress, or a smock frock. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
2. A loose lower garment; loose breeches; chiefly used in the
plural. ``A pair of slops.'' --Sir P. Sidney.
There's a French salutation to your French slop.
--Shak.
3. pl. Ready-made clothes; also, among seamen, clothing,
bedding, and other furnishings.
Slope \Slope\, n. [Formed (like abode fr. abide) from OE.
slipen. See {Slip}, v. i.]
1. An oblique direction; a line or direction including from a
horizontal line or direction; also, sometimes, an
inclination, as of one line or surface to another.
2. Any ground whose surface forms an angle with the plane of
the horizon.
buildings the summit and slope of a hill.
--Macaulay.
Under the slopes of Pisgah. --Deut. iv.
49. (Rev.
Ver.).
Note: A slope, considered as descending, is a declivity;
considered as ascending, an acclivity.
{Slope of a plane} (Geom.), the direction of the plane; as,
parallel planes have the same slope.
Slope \Slope\, a.
Sloping. ``Down the slope hills.'' --Milton.
A bank not steep, but gently slope. --Bacon.
Slope \Slope\, adv.
In a sloping manner. [Obs.] --Milton.
Slope \Slope\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sloped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sloping}.]
To form with a slope; to give an oblique or slanting
direction to; to direct obliquely; to incline; to slant; as,
to slope the ground in a garden; to slope a piece of cloth in
cutting a garment.
Slope \Slope\, v. i.
1. To take an oblique direction; to be at an angle with the
plane of the horizon; to incline; as, the ground slopes.
2. To depart; to disappear suddenly. [Slang]
Slopeness \Slope"ness\, n.
State of being slope. --Sir H. Wotton.
Slopewise \Slope"wise`\, adv.
Obliquely. [Obs.] --Carew.
Sloping \Slop"ing\, a.
Inclining or inclined from the plane of the horizon, or from
a horizontal or other right line; oblique; declivous;
slanting. -- {Slop"ing*ly}, adv.
The sloping land recedes into the clouds. --Cowper.
Sloppiness \Slop"pi*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sloppy; muddiness.
Sloppy \Slop"py\, a. [Compar. {Sloppier}; superl. {Sloppiest}.]
[From {Slop}.]
Wet, so as to spatter easily; wet, as with something slopped
over; muddy; plashy; as, a sloppy place, walk, road.
Slopseller \Slop"sell`er\, n.
One who sells slops, or ready-made clothes. See 4th {Slop},
3.
Slopshop \Slop"shop`\, n.
A shop where slops. or ready-made clothes, are sold.
Slopwork \Slop"work`\, n.
The manufacture of slops, or cheap ready-made clothing; also,
such clothing; hence, hasty, slovenly work of any kind.
No slopwork ever dropped from his [Carlyle's] pen.
--Froude.
Slopy \Slop"y\, a.
Sloping; inclined.
Slosh \Slosh\, Sloshy \Slosh"y\
See {Slush}, {Slushy}.
Slot \Slot\, n. [LG. & D. slot a lock, from a verb meaning to
close., to shut, D. sluiten; akin to G. schliessen, OHG.
sliozan, OFries. sl?ta, and probably to L. claudere. Cf.
{Close}, {Sluice}.]
1. A broad, flat, wooden bar; a slat or sloat.
2. A bolt or bar for fastening a door. [Prov. Eng.]
3. A narrow depression, perforation, or aperture; esp., one
for the reception of a piece fitting or sliding in it.
Slot \Slot\, v. t. [See {Slot} a bar.]
To shut with violence; to slam; as, to slot a door. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
Slot \Slot\, n. [Cf. Icel. sl??, and E. sleuth.]
The track of a deer; hence, a track of any kind. --Milton.
As a bloodhound follows the slot of a hurt deer. --Sir
W. Scott.
Sloth \Sloth\, n. [OE. slouthe, sleuthe, AS. sl?w?, fr. sl[=a]w
slow. See {Slow}.]
1. Slowness; tardiness.
These cardinals trifle with me; I abhor This
dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome. --Shak.
2. Disinclination to action or labor; sluggishness; laziness;
idleness.
[They] change their course to pleasure, ease, and
sloth. --Milton.
Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears.
--Franklin.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of arboreal
edentates constituting the family {Bradypodid[ae]}, and
the suborder Tardigrada. They have long exserted limbs and
long prehensile claws. Both jaws are furnished with teeth
(see Illust. of {Edentata}), and the ears and tail are
rudimentary. They inhabit South and Central America and
Mexico.
Note: The three-toed sloths belong to the genera {Bradypus}
and {Arctopithecus}, of which several species have been
described. They have three toes on each foot. The
best-known species are collared sloth ({Bradypus
tridactylus}), and the ai ({Arctopitheus ai}). The
two-toed sloths, consisting the genus {Cholopus}, have
two toes on each fore foot and three on each hind foot.
The best-known is the unau ({Cholopus didactylus}) of
South America. See {Unau}. Another species ({C.
Hoffmanni}) inhabits Central America. Various large
extinct terrestrial edentates, such as Megatherium and
Mylodon, are often called sloths.
{Australian, or Native} {sloth} (Zo["o]l.), the koala.
{Sloth animalcule} (Zo["o]l.), a tardigrade.
{Sloth bear} (Zo["o]l.), a black or brown long-haired bear
({Melursus ursinus, or labiatus}), native of India and
Ceylon; -- called also {aswail}, {labiated bear}, and
{jungle bear}. It is easily tamed and can be taught many
tricks.
{Sloth monkey} (Zo["o]l.), a loris.
Sloth \Sloth\, v. i.
To be idle. [Obs.] --Gower.
Slothful \Sloth"ful\, a.
Addicted to sloth; inactive; sluggish; lazy; indolent; idle.
He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him
that is a great waster. --Prov. xviii.
9.
-- {Sloth"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Sloth"ful*ness}, n.
Slothhound \Sloth"hound`\, n. [See {Slot} a track, and cf.
{Sleuthhound}.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Sleuthhound}.
Slotted \Slot"ted\, a.
Having a slot.
Slotting \Slot"ting\, n.
The act or process of making slots, or mortises.
Slouch \Slouch\, n. [Cf. Icel. sl?kra slouching felloew, and E.
slack, slug, a lazy fellow.]
1. A hanging down of the head; a drooping attitude; a limp
appearance; an ungainly, clownish gait; a sidewise
depression or hanging down, as of a hat brim.
2. An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow. [Colloq.]
{Slouth hat}, a soft, limp hat of unstiffened cloth or felt.
Slouch \Slouch\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Slouched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slouching}.]
1. To droop, as the head.
2. To walk in a clumsy, lazy manner. [Colloq.]
Slouch \Slouch\, v. t.
To cause to hang down; to depress at the side; as, to slouth
the hat.
Slouching \Slouch"ing\, a.
Hanging down at the side; limp; drooping; without firmness or
shapeliness; moving in an ungainly manner.
Slouchy \Slouch"y\, a.
Slouching. [Colloq.]
Slough \Slough\, a.
Slow. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Slough \Slough\, n. [OE. slogh, slough, AS. sl[=o]h a hollow
place; cf. MHG. sl[=u]ch an abyss, gullet, G. schlucken to
swallow; also Gael. & Ir. sloc a pit, pool. ditch, Ir. slug
to swallow. Gr. ????? to hiccough, to sob.]
1. A place of deep mud or mire; a hole full of mire.
--Chaucer.
He's here stuck in a slough. --Milton.
2. [Pronounced sl[=oo].] A wet place; a swale; a side channel
or inlet from a river.
Note: [In this sense local or provincial; also spelt {sloo},
and {slue}.]
{Slough grass} (Bot.), a name in the Mississippi valley for
grasses of the genus {Muhlenbergia}; -- called also {drop
seed}, and {nimble Will}.
Slough \Slough\, obs.
imp. of {Slee}, to slay. Slew. --Chaucer.
Slough \Slough\, n. [OE. slugh, slouh; cf. MHG. sl?ch the skin
of a serpent, G. schlauch a skin, a leather bag or bottle.]
1. The skin, commonly the cast-off skin, of a serpent or of
some similar animal.
2. (Med.) The dead mass separating from a foul sore; the dead
part which separates from the living tissue in
mortification.
Slough \Slough\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sloughed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sloughing}.] (Med.)
To form a slough; to separate in the form of dead matter from
the living tissues; -- often used with off, or away; as, a
sloughing ulcer; the dead tissues slough off slowly.
Slough \Slough\, v. t.
To cast off; to discard as refuse.
New tint the plumage of the birds, And slough decay
from grazing herds. --Emerson.
Sloughing \Slough"ing\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The act of casting off the skin or shell, as do insects and
crustaceans; ecdysis.
Sloughy \Slough"y\, a.
Full of sloughs, miry.
Sloughy \Slough"y\, a.
Resembling, or of the nature of, a slough, or the dead matter
which separates from living flesh.
Sloven \Slov"en\, n. [D. slaf careless, negligent, a sloven;
akin to LG. sluf slovenly.]
A man or boy habitually negligent of neathess and order; --
the correlative term to slattern, or slut. --Pope.
He became a confirmed sloven. --Macaulay.
Slovenliness \Slov"en*li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being slovenly.
Slowenly \Slow"en*ly\, a.
1. Having the habits of a sloven; negligent of neatness and
order, especially in dress.
A slovenly, lazy fellow, bolling at his ease.
--L'Estrange.
2. Characteristic of a solven; lacking neatness and order;
evincing negligence; as, slovenly dress.
Slovenly \Slov"en*ly\, adv.
a slovenly manner.
Slovenness \Slov"en*ness\, n.
Slovenliness. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Slovenry \Slov"en*ry\, n.
Slovenliness. [Obs.] --Shak.
Slow \Slow\, obs.
imp. of {Slee}, to slay. Slew. --Chaucer.
Slow \Slow\, a. [Compar. {Slower}; superl. {Slowest}.] [OE.
slow, slaw, AS. sl[=a]w; akin to OS. sl?u blunt, dull, D.
sleeuw, slee, sour, OHG. sl?o blunt, dull, Icel. sl?r, sl?r,
Dan. sl["o]v, Sw. sl["o]. Cf. {Sloe}, and {Sloth}.]
1. Moving a short space in a relatively long time; not swift;
not quick in motion; not rapid; moderate; deliberate; as,
a slow stream; a slow motion.
2. Not happening in a short time; gradual; late.
These changes in the heavens, though slow, produced
Like change on sea and land, sidereal blast.
--Milton.
3. Not ready; not prompt or quick; dilatory; sluggish; as,
slow of speech, and slow of tongue.
Fixed on defense, the Trojans are not slow To guard
their shore from an expected foe. --Dryden.
4. Not hasty; not precipitate; acting with deliberation;
tardy; inactive.
He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding.
--Prov. xiv.
29.
5. Behind in time; indicating a time earlier than the true
time; as, the clock or watch is slow.
6. Not advancing or improving rapidly; as, the slow growth of
arts and sciences.
7. Heavy in wit; not alert, prompt, or spirited; wearisome;
dull. [Colloq.] --Dickens. Thackeray.
Note: Slow is often used in the formation of compounds for
the most part self-explaining; as, slow-gaited,
slow-paced, slow-sighted, slow-winged, and the like.
{Slow coach}, a slow person. See def.7, above. [Colloq.]
{Slow lemur}, or {Slow loris} (Zo["o]l.), an East Indian
nocturnal lemurine animal ({Nycticebus tardigradus}) about
the size of a small cat; -- so called from its slow and
deliberate movements. It has very large round eyes and is
without a tail. Called also {bashful Billy}.
{Slow match}. See under {Match}.
Syn: Dilatory; late; lingering; tardy; sluggish; dull;
inactive.
Usage: {Slow}, {Tardy}, {Dilatory}. Slow is the wider term,
denoting either a want of rapid motion or inertness of
intellect. Dilatory signifies a proneness to defer, a
habit of delaying the performance of what we know must
be done. Tardy denotes the habit of being behind hand;
as, tardy in making up one's acounts.
Slow \Slow\, adv.
Slowly.
Let him have time to mark how slow time goes In time of
sorrow. --Shak.
Slow \Slow\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slowed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slowing}.]
To render slow; to slacken the speed of; to retard; to delay;
as, to slow a steamer. --Shak.
Slow \Slow\, v. i.
To go slower; -- often with up; as, the train slowed up
before crossing the bridge.
Slow \Slow\, n.
A moth. [Obs.] --Rom. of R.
Slowback \Slow"back`\, n.
A lubber; an idle fellow; a loiterer. [Old Slang] --Dr.
Favour.
Slowh \Slowh\, obs.
imp. of {Slee},to slay. --Chaucer.
Slowhound \Slow"hound`\, n.
A sleuthhound. [R.]
Slowly \Slow"ly\, adv.
In a slow manner; moderately; not rapidly; not early; not
rashly; not readly; tardly.
Slowness \Slow"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being slow.
Slows \Slows\, n. (Med.)
Milk sickness.
Slow-witted \Slow"-wit`ted\, a.
Dull of apprehension; not possessing quick intelligence.
Slowworm \Slow"worm`\, n. [AS. sl[=a]wyrm; the first part is
probably akin to sle['a]n to strike, the reptile being
supposed to be very poisonous. See {Slay}, v. t., and
{Worm}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A lecertilian reptile; the blindworm.
Slub \Slub\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A roll of wool slightly twisted; a rove; -- called also
{slubbing}.
Slub \Slub\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slubbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slubbing}.]
To draw out and twist slightly; -- said of slivers of wool.
Slubber \Slub"ber\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slubbered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Slubbering}.] [Cf. Dan. slubbreto swallow, to sup up,
D. slobberen to lap, to slabber. Cf. {Slabber}.]
1. To do lazily, imperfectly, or coarsely.
Slubber not business for my sake. --Shak.
2. To daub; to stain; to cover carelessly.
There is no art that hath more . . . slubbered with
aphorisming pedantry than the art of policy.
--Milton.
Slubber \Slub"ber\, n.
A slubbing machine.
Slubberdegullion \Slub"ber*de*gul`lion\, n. [Slubber + Prov. E.
gullion a wretch.]
A mean, dirty wretch. [Low]
Slubberingly \Slub"ber*ing*ly\, adv.
In a slovenly, or hurried and imperfect, manner. [Low]
--Drayton.
Slubbing \Slub"bing\,
a. & n. from {Slub}.
{Slubbing billy}, or {Slubbing machine}, the machine by which
slubs are formed.
Sludge \Sludge\, n. [CF. {Slush}.]
1. Mud; mire; soft mud; slush. --Mortimer. Tennyson.
2. Small floating pieces of ice, or masses of saturated snow.
--Kane.
3. (Mining) See {Slime}, 4.
{Sludge hole}, the hand-hole, or manhole, in a steam boiler,
by means of which sediment can be removed.
Sludger \Slud"ger\ (sl[u^]j"[~e]r), n.
A bucket for removing mud from a bored hole; a sand pump.
Sludy \Slud"y\, a.
Miry; slushy.
Slue \Slue\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slued}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sluing}.] [Prov. E. slew to turn round, Scot. to lean or
incline to a side; cf. Icel. sn?a to turn, bend.] [Written
also {slew}.]
1. (Naut.) To turn about a fixed point, usually the center or
axis, as a spar or piece of timber; to turn; -- used also
of any heavy body.
2. In general, to turn about; to twist; -- often used
reflexively and followed by round. [Colloq.]
They laughed, and slued themselves round. --Dickens.
Slue \Slue\, v. i.
To turn about; to turn from the course; to slip or slide and
turn from an expected or desired course; -- often followed by
round.
Slue \Slue\, n.
See {Sloough}, 2. [Local]
Slug \Slug\, n. [OE. slugge slothful, sluggen to be slothful;
cf. LG. slukk low-spirited, sad, E. slack, slouch, D. slak,
slek, a snail.]
1. A drone; a slow, lazy fellow; a sluggard. --Shak.
2. A hindrance; an obstruction. [Obs.] --Bacon.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial
pulmonate mollusks belonging to Limax and several related
genera, in which the shell is either small and concealed
in the mantle, or altogether wanting. They are closely
allied to the land snails.
4. (Zo["o]l.) Any smooth, soft larva of a sawfly or moth
which creeps like a mollusk; as, the pear slug; rose slug.
5. A ship that sails slowly. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
His rendezvous for his fleet, and for all slugs to
come to, should be between Calais and Dover.
--Pepys.
6. [Perhaps a different word.] An irregularly shaped piece of
metal, used as a missile for a gun.
7. (Print.) A thick strip of metal less than type high, and
as long as the width of a column or a page, -- used in
spacing out pages and to separate display lines, etc.
{Sea slug}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any nudibranch mollusk.
(b) A holothurian.
{Slug caterpillar}. Same as {Slugworm}.
Slug \Slug\, v. i.
To move slowly; to lie idle. [Obs.]
To slug in sloth and sensual delight. --Spenser.
Slug \Slug\, v. t.
To make sluggish. [Obs.] --Milton.
Slug \Slug\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slugged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slugging}.]
1. To load with a slug or slugs; as, to slug a gun.
2. To strike heavily. [Cant or Slang]
Slug \Slug\, v. i.
To become reduced in diameter, or changed in shape, by
passing from a larger to a smaller part of the bore of the
barrel; -- said of a bullet when fired from a gun, pistol, or
other firearm.
Slugabed \Slug"a*bed`\, n.
One who indulges in lying abed; a sluggard. [R.] ``Fie, you
slugabed!'' --Shak.
Sluggard \Slug"gard\, n. [Slug + -ard.]
A person habitually lazy, idle, and inactive; a drone.
Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be
wise. --Prov. vi. 6.
Sluggard \Slug"gard\, a.
Sluggish; lazy. --Dryden.
Sluggardize \Slug"gard*ize\, v. t.
To make lazy. [R.] --Shak.
Sluggardy \Slug"gard*y\, n. [OE. sloggardye.]
The state of being a sluggard; sluggishness; sloth. --Gower.
Idleness is rotten sluggardy. --Chaucer.
Slugger \Slug"ger\, n.
One who strikes heavy blows; hence, a boxer; a prize fighter.
[Cant or Slang]
Sluggish \Slug"gish\, a.
1. Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive; as, a
sluggish man.
2. Slow; having little motion; as, a sluggish stream.
3. Having no power to move one's self or itself; inert.
Matter, being impotent, sluggish, and inactive, hath
no power to stir or move itself. --Woodward.
And the sluggish land slumbers in utter neglect.
--Longfellow.
4. Characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple.
[R.] ``So sluggish a conceit.'' --Milton.
Syn: Inert; idle; lazy; slothful; indolent; dronish; slow;
dull; drowsy; inactive. See {Inert}. -- {Slug"gish*ly},
adv. -- {Slug"gish*ness}, n.
Sluggy \Slug"gy\, a.
Sluggish. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Slug-horn \Slug"-horn`\, a.
An erroneous form of the Scotch word {slughorne}, or
{sloggorne}, meaning slogan.
Slugs \Slugs\, n. pl. (Mining)
Half-roasted ore.
Slugworm \Slug"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any caterpillar which has the general appearance of a slug,
as do those of certain moths belonging to {Limacodes} and
allied genera, and those of certain sawflies.
Sluice \Sluice\, n. [OF. escluse, F. ['e]cluse, LL. exclusa,
sclusa, from L. excludere, exclusum, to shut out: cf. D.
sluis sluice, from the Old French. See {Exclude}.]
1. An artifical passage for water, fitted with a valve or
gate, as in a mill stream, for stopping or regulating the
flow; also, a water gate or flood gate.
2. Hence, an opening or channel through which anything flows;
a source of supply.
Each sluice of affluent fortune opened soon.
--Harte.
This home familiarity . . . opens the sluices of
sensibility. --I. Taylor.
3. The stream flowing through a flood gate.
4. (Mining) A long box or trough through which water flows,
-- used for washing auriferous earth.
{Sluice gate}, the sliding gate of a sluice.
Sluice \Sluice\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sluiced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sluicing}.]
1. To emit by, or as by, flood gates. [R.] --Milton.
2. To wet copiously, as by opening a sluice; as, to sluice
meadows. --Howitt.
He dried his neck and face, which he had been
sluicing with cold water. --De Quincey.
3. To wash with, or in, a stream of water running through a
sluice; as, to sluice eart or gold dust in mining.
Sluiceway \Sluice"way`\, n.
An artificial channel into which water is let by a sluice;
specifically, a trough constructed over the bed of a stream,
so that logs, lumber, or rubbish can be floated down to some
convenient place of delivery.
Sluicy \Slui`cy\, a.
Falling copiously or in streams, as from a sluice.
And oft whole sheets descend of sluicy rain. --Dryden.
Slum \Slum\, n. [CF. {Slump}, n.]
1. A foul back street of a city, especially one filled with a
poor, dirty, degraded, and often vicious population; any
low neighborhood or dark retreat; -- usually in the
plural; as, Westminster slums are haunts for theives.
--Dickens.
2. pl. (Mining) Same as {Slimes}.
Slumber \Slum"ber\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Slumbered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Slumbering}.] [OE. slombren, slumberen, slumeren, AS.
slumerian, fr. sluma slumber; akin to D. sluimeren to
slumber, MHG. slummern, slumen, G. schlummern, Dan. slumre,
Sw. slumra, Goth. slawan to be silent.]
1. To sleep; especially, to sleep lightly; to doze. --Piers
Plowman.
He that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor
sleep. --Ps. cxxi. 4.
2. To be in a state of negligence, sloth, supineness, or
inactivity. ``Why slumbers Pope?'' --Young.
Slumber \Slum"ber\, v. t.
1. To lay to sleep. [R.] --Wotton.
2. To stun; to stupefy. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Slumber \Slum"ber\, n.
Sleep; especially, light sleep; sleep that is not deep or
sound; repose.
He at last fell into a slumber, and thence into a fast
sleep, which detained him in that place until it was
almost night. --Bunyan.
Fast asleep? It is no matter; Enjoy the honey-heavy dew
of slumber. --Shak.
Rest to my soul, and slumber to my eyes. --Dryden.
Slumberer \Slum"ber*er\, n.
One who slumbers; a sleeper.
Slumberingly \Slum"ber*ing*ly\, adv.
In a slumbering manner.
Slumberless \Slum"ber*less\, a.
Without slumber; sleepless.
Slumberous \Slum"ber*ous\, a.
1. Inviting slumber; soporiferous. ``Pensive in the
slumberous shade.'' --Pope.
2. Being in the repose of slumber; sleepy; drowsy.
His quiet and almost slumberous countenance.
--Hawthorne.
Slumbery \Slum"ber*y\, a.
Sleepy. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Slumbrous \Slum"brous\, a.
Slumberous. --Keats.
Slumming \Slum"ming\, vb. n.
Visiting slums.
Slump \Slump\, n. [Cf. D. slomp a mass, heap, Dan. slump a
quantity, and E. slump, v.t.]
The gross amount; the mass; the lump. [Scot.]
Slump \Slump\, v. t. [Cf. {Lump}; also Sw. slumpa to bargain for
the lump.]
To lump; to throw into a mess.
These different groups . . . are exclusively slumped
together under that sense. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Slump \Slump\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Slumped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slumping}.] [Scot. slump a dull noise produced by something
falling into a hole, a marsh, a swamp.]
To fall or sink suddenly through or in, when walking on a
surface, as on thawing snow or ice, partly frozen ground, a
bog, etc., not strong enough to bear the person.
The latter walk on a bottomless quag, into which
unawares they may slump. --Barrow.
Slump \Slump\, n.
1. A boggy place. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
2. The noise made by anything falling into a hole, or into a
soft, miry place. [Scot.]
Slumpy \Slump"y\, a.
Easily broken through; boggy; marshy; swampy. [Prov. Eng. &
Colloq. U.S.] --Bartlett.
Slung \Slung\,
imp. & p. p. of {Sling}.
{Slung shot}, a metal ball of small size, with a string
attached, used by ruffians for striking.
Slunk \Slunk\,
imp. & p. p. of {Slink}.
Slur \Slur\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slurred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slurring}.] [Cf. OE. sloor mud, clay, Icel. sl?ra, slo?ra,
to trail or drag one's self along, D. sleuren, sloren, to
train, to drag, to do negligently and slovenly, D. sloor,
sloerie, a sluttish girl.]
1. To soil; to sully; to contaminate; to disgrace.
--Cudworth.
2. To disparage; to traduce. --Tennyson.
3. To cover over; to disguise; to conceal; to pass over
lightly or with little notice.
With periods, points, and tropes, he slurs his
crimes. --Dryden.
4. To cheat, as by sliding a die; to trick. [R.]
To slur men of what they fought for. --Hudibras.
5. To pronounce indistinctly; as, to slur syllables.
6. (Mus.) To sing or perform in a smooth, gliding style; to
connect smoothly in performing, as several notes or tones.
--Busby.
7. (Print.) To blur or double, as an impression from type; to
mackle.
Slur \Slur\, n.
1. A mark or stain; hence, a slight reproach or disgrace; a
stigma; a reproachful intimation; an innuendo. ``Gaining
to his name a lasting slur.'' --South.
2. A trick played upon a person; an imposition. [R.]
3. (Mus.) A mark, thus [[upslur] or [downslur]], connecting
notes that are to be sung to the same syllable, or made in
one continued breath of a wind instrument, or with one
stroke of a bow; a tie; a sign of legato.
4. In knitting machines, a contrivance for depressing the
sinkers successively by passing over them.
Slurred \Slurred\, a. (Mus.)
Marked with a slur; performed in a smooth, gliding style,
like notes marked with a slur.
Slush \Slush\, n. [Cf. Sw. slaska to paddle in water, slask wet,
filth.] [Written also {slosh}.]
1. Soft mud.
2. A mixture of snow and water; half-melted snow.
3. A soft mixture of grease and other materials, used for
lubrication.
4. The refuse grease and fat collected in cooking, especially
on shipboard.
5. (Mach.) A mixture of white lead and lime, with which the
bright parts of machines, such as the connecting rods of
steamboats, are painted to be preserved from oxidation.
Slush \Slush\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Slushed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Slushing}.]
1. To smear with slush or grease; as, to slush a mast.
2. To paint with a mixture of white lead and lime.
Slushy \Slush"y\, a.
Abounding in slush; characterized by soft mud or half-melted
snow; as, the streets are slushy; the snow is slushy. ``A
dark, drizzling, slushy day.'' --Blackw. Mag.
Slut \Slut\, n. [OE. slutte; cf. OD. slodde a slut, Icel.
sl["o]ttr a heavy, loglike fellow, slota to droop.]
1. An untidy woman; a slattern.
Sluts are good enough to make a sloven's porridge.
--Old Proverb.
2. A servant girl; a drudge. [Obs.]
Our little girl Susan is a most admirable slut, and
pleases us mightly, doing more service than both the
others. --Pepys.
3. A female dog; a bitch.
Slutch \Slutch\, n. [CF. {Sludge}.]
Slush. [Prov. Eng.]
Slutchy \Slutch"y\, a.
Slushy. [Prov. Eng.] --Pennant.
Sluthhound \Sluth"hound`\, n.
Sleuthhound.
Sluttery \Slut"ter*y\, n.
The qualities and practices of a slut; sluttishness;
slatternlines. --Drayton.
Sluttish \Slut"tish\, a.
Like a slut; untidy; indecently negligent of cleanliness;
disorderly; as, a sluttish woman.
Why is thy lord so slutish, I thee pray. --Chaucer.
An air of liberal, though sluttish, plenty, indicated
the wealthy farmer. --Sir W.
Scott.
-- {Slut"tish*ly}, adv. -- {Slut"tish*ness}, n.
Sly \Sly\, a. [Compar. {Slier}or {Slyer}; superl. {Sliest} or
{Slyest}.] [OE. sli, slegh, sleih, Icel sl?gr, for sl?gr;
akin to Sw. slug, Dan. slu, LG. slou, G. schlau; probably to
E. slay, v.t.; cf. G. verschlagen sly. See {Slay}, v. t., and
cf. {Sleight}.]
1. Dexterous in performing an action, so as to escape notice;
nimble; skillful; cautious; shrewd; knowing; -- in a good
sense.
Be ye sly as serpents, and simple as doves. --Wyclif
(Matt. x. 16).
Whom graver age And long experience hath made wise
and sly. --Fairfax.
2. Artfully cunning; secretly mischievous; wily.
For my sly wiles and subtle craftiness, The litle of
the kingdom I possess. --Spenser.
3. Done with, and marked by, artful and dexterous secrecy;
subtle; as, a sly trick.
Envy works in a sly and imperceptible manner. --I.
Watts.
4. Light or delicate; slight; thin. [Obs.]
{By the sly}, or {On the sly}, in a sly or secret manner.
[Colloq.] ``Gazed on Hetty's charms by the sly.'' --G.
Eliot.
{Sly goose} (Zo["o]l.), the common sheldrake; -- so named
from its craftiness.
Syn: Cunning; crafty; subtile; wily. See {Cunning}.
Sly \Sly\, adv.
Slyly. [Obs. or Poetic] --Spenser.
Slyboots \Sly"boots`\, n.
A humerous appellation for a sly, cunning, or waggish person.
Slyboots was cursedly cunning to hide 'em. --Goldsmith.
Slyly \Sly"ly\, adv.
In a sly manner; shrewdly; craftily.
Honestly and slyly he it spent. --Chaucer.
Slyness \Sly"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sly.
Slype \Slype\, n. [Cf. D. sluipen to sneak.] (Arch.)
A narrow passage between two buildings, as between the
transept and chapter house of a monastery. [Eng.]
Smack \Smack\, n. [D. smak; akin to LG. smack, smak, Dan.
smakke, G. schmacke, F. semaque.] (Naut.)
A small sailing vessel, commonly rigged as a sloop, used
chiefly in the coasting and fishing trade.
Smack \Smack\, n. [OE. smak, AS. ssm?c taste, savor; akin to D.
smaak, G. geschmack, OHG. smac; cf. Lith. smagus pleasant.
Cf. {Smack}, v. i.]
1. Taste or flavor, esp. a slight taste or flavor; savor;
tincture; as, a smack of bitter in the medicine. Also used
figuratively.
So quickly they have taken a smack in covetousness.
--Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
They felt the smack of this world. --Latimer.
2. A small quantity; a taste. --Dryden.
3. A loud kiss; a buss. ``A clamorous smack.'' --Shak.
4. A quick, sharp noise, as of the lips when suddenly
separated, or of a whip.
5. A quick, smart blow; a slap. --Johnson.
Smack \Smack\, adv.
As if with a smack or slap. [Colloq.]
Smack \Smack\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Smacked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Smacking}.] [OE. smaken to taste, have a taste, -- from the
noun; cf. AS. smecan taste; akin to D. smaken, G. schmecken,
OHG. smechen to taste, smach?n to have a taste (and, derived
from the same source, G. schmatzen to smack the lips, to kiss
with a sharp noise, MHG. smatzen, smackzeen), Icel smakka to
taste, Sw. smaka, Dan. smage. See 2d {Smack}, n.]
1. To have a smack; to be tinctured with any particular
taste.
2. To have or exhibit indications of the presence of any
character or quality.
All sects, all ages, smack of this vice. --Shak.
3. To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to
make a sound when they separate; to kiss with a sharp
noise; to buss.
4. To make a noise by the separation of the lips after
tasting anything.
Smack \Smack\, v. t.
1. To kiss with a sharp noise; to buss.
2. To open, as the lips, with an inarticulate sound made by a
quick compression and separation of the parts of the
mouth; to make a noise with, as the lips, by separating
them in the act of kissing or after tasting.
Drinking off the cup, and smacking his lips with an
air of ineffable relish. --Sir W.
Scott.
3. To make a sharp noise by striking; to crack; as, to smack
a whip. ``She smacks the silken thong.'' --Young.
Smacking \Smack"ing\, n.
A sharp, quick noise; a smack.
Like the faint smacking of an after kiss. --Dryden.
Smacking \Smack"ing\, a.
Making a sharp, brisk sound; hence, brisk; as, a smacking
breeze.
Small \Small\ (sm[add]l), a. [Compar. {Smaller}; superl.
{Smallest}.] [OE. small, AS. sm[ae]l; akin to D. smal narrow,
OS. & OHG. smal small, G. schmal narrow, Dan. & Sw. smal,
Goth. smals small, Icel. smali smal cattle, sheep, or goats;
cf. Gr. mh^lon a sheep or goat.]
1. Having little size, compared with other things of the same
kind; little in quantity or degree; diminutive; not large
or extended in dimension; not great; not much;
inconsiderable; as, a small man; a small river.
To compare Great things with small. --Milton.
2. Being of slight consequence; feeble in influence or
importance; unimportant; trivial; insignificant; as, a
small fault; a small business.
3. Envincing little worth or ability; not large-minded; --
sometimes, in reproach, paltry; mean.
A true delineation of the smallest man is capable of
interesting the greatest man. --Carlyle.
4. Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time; short;
as, after a small space. --Shak.
5. Weak; slender; fine; gentle; soft; not loud. ``A still,
small voice.'' --1 Kings xix. 12.
{Great and small},of all ranks or degrees; -- used especially
of persons. ``His quests, great and small.'' --Chaucer.
{Small arms}, muskets, rifles, pistols, etc., in distinction
from cannon.
{Small beer}. See under {Beer}.
{Small coal}.
(a) Little coals of wood formerly used to light fires.
--Gay.
(b) Coal about the size of a hazelnut, separated from the
coarser parts by screening.
{Small craft} (Naut.), a vessel, or vessels in general, of a
small size.
{Small fruits}. See under {Fruit}.
{Small hand}, a certain size of paper. See under {Paper}.
{Small hours}. See under {Hour}.
{Small letter}. (Print.), a lower-case letter. See
{Lower-case}, and {Capital letter}, under {Capital}, a.
{Small piece}, a Scotch coin worth about 21/4d. sterling, or
about 41/2cents.
{Small register}. See the Note under 1st {Register}, 7.
{Small stuff} (Naut.), spun yarn, marline, and the smallest
kinds of rope. --R. H. Dana, Jr.
{Small talk}, light or trifling conversation; chitchat.
{Small wares} (Com.), various small textile articles, as
tapes, braid, tringe, and the like. --M`Culloch.
Small \Small\, adv.
1. In or to small extent, quantity, or degree; little;
slightly. [Obs.] ``I wept but small.'' --Chaucer. ``It
small avails my mood.'' --Shak.
2. Not loudly; faintly; timidly. [Obs. or Humorous]
You may speak as small as you will. --Shak.
Small \Small\, n.
1. The small or slender part of a thing; as, the small of the
leg or of the back.
2. pl. Smallclothes. [Colloq.] --Hood. Dickens.
3. pl. Same as {Little go}. See under {Little}, a.
Small \Small\, v. t.
To make little or less. [Obs.]
Smallage \Small"age\, n. [Small + F. ache smallage. See {Ach}
parsley.] (Bot.)
A biennial umbelliferous plant ({Apium graveolens}) native of
the seacoats of Europe and Asia. When deprived of its acrid
and even poisonous properties by cultivation, it becomes
{celery}.
Smallclothes \Small"clothes`\, n. pl.
A man's garment for the hips and thighs; breeches. See
{Breeches}.
Smallish \Small"ish\, a.
Somewhat small. --G. W. Cable.
Smallness \Small"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being small.
Smallpox \Small"pox`\, n. [Small + pox, pocks.] (Med.)
A contagious, constitutional, febrile disease characterized
by a peculiar eruption; variola. The cutaneous eruption is at
first a collection of papules which become vesicles (first
flat, subsequently umbilicated) and then pustules, and
finally thick crusts which slough after a certain time, often
leaving a pit, or scar.
Smalls \Smalls\, n. pl.
See {Small}, n., 2, 3.
Smallsword \Small"sword`\, n.
A light sword used for thrusting only; especially, the sword
worn by civilians of rank in the eighteenth century.
Smally \Smal"ly\, adv.
In a small quantity or degree; with minuteness. [R.]
--Ascham.
Smalt \Smalt\, n. [It. smalto, LL. smaltum; of Teutonic origin;
cf. OHG. smalz grease, butter, G. schmalz grease, OHG.
smelzan to melt, G. schmelzen. See {Smelt}, v. t., and cf.
{Amel}, {Enamel}.]
A deep blue pigment or coloring material used in various
arts. It is a vitreous substance made of cobalt, potash, and
calcined quartz fused, and reduced to a powder.
Smalt-blue \Smalt"-blue`\, a.
Deep blue, like smalt.
Smaltine \Smalt"ine\, Smaltite \Smalt"ite\, n. [See {Smalt}.]
(Min.)
A tin-white or gray mineral of metallic luster. It is an
arsenide of cobalt, nickel, and iron. Called also
{speiskobalt}.
Smaragd \Smar"agd\, n. [L. smaragdus. See {Emerald}.]
The emerald. [Obs.] --Bale.
Smaragdine \Sma*rag"dine\, a. [L. smaragdinus, Gr. ????.]
Of or pertaining to emerald; resembling emerald; of an
emerald green.
Smaragdite \Sma*rag"dite\, n. [Cf. F. smaragdite; -- so called
from its emerald-green color. See {Smaragd}.] (Min.)
A green foliated kind of amphibole, observed in eclogite and
some varietis of gabbro.
Smart \Smart\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Smarted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Smarting}.] [OE. smarten, AS. smeortan; akin to D. smarten,
smerten, G. schmerzen, OHG. smerzan, Dan. smerte, SW.
sm["a]rta, D. smart, smert, a pain, G. schmerz, Ohg. smerzo,
and probably to L. mordere to bite; cf. Gr. ????, ?????,
terrible, fearful, Skr. m?d to rub, crush. Cf. {Morsel}.]
1. To feel a lively, pungent local pain; -- said of some part
of the body as the seat of irritation; as, my finger
smarts; these wounds smart. --Chaucer. --Shak.
2. To feel a pungent pain of mind; to feel sharp pain or
grief; to suffer; to feel the sting of evil.
No creature smarts so little as a fool. --Pope.
He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it.
--Prov. xi.
15.
Smart \Smart\, v. t.
To cause a smart in. ``A goad that . . . smarts the flesh.''
--T. Adams.
Smart \Smart\, n. [OE. smerte. See {Smart}, v. i.]
1. Quick, pungent, lively pain; a pricking local pain, as the
pain from puncture by nettles. ``In pain's smart.''
--Chaucer.
2. Severe, pungent pain of mind; pungent grief; as, the smart
of affliction.
To stand 'twixt us and our deserved smart. --Milton.
Counsel mitigates the greatest smart. --Spenser.
3. A fellow who affects smartness, briskness, and vivacity; a
dandy. [Slang] --Fielding.
4. Smart money (see below). [Canf]
Smart \Smart\, a. [Compar. {Smarter}; superl. {Smartest}.] [OE.
smerte. See {Smart}, v. i.]
1. Causing a smart; pungent; pricking; as, a smart stroke or
taste.
How smart lash that speech doth give my conscience.
--Shak.
2. Keen; severe; poignant; as, smart pain.
3. Vigorous; sharp; severe. ``Smart skirmishes, in which many
fell.'' --Clarendon.
4. Accomplishing, or able to accomplish, results quickly;
active; sharp; clever. [Colloq.]
5. Efficient; vigorous; brilliant. ``The stars shine
smarter.'' --Dryden.
6. Marked by acuteness or shrewdness; quick in suggestion or
reply; vivacious; witty; as, a smart reply; a smart
saying.
Who, for the poor renown of being smart Would leave
a sting within a brother's heart? --Young.
A sentence or two, . . . which I thought very smart.
--Addison.
7. Pretentious; showy; spruce; as, a smart gown.
8. Brisk; fresh; as, a smart breeze.
{Smart money}.
(a) Money paid by a person to buy himself off from some
unpleasant engagement or some painful situation.
(b) (Mil.) Money allowed to soldiers or sailors, in the
English service, for wounds and injures received;
also, a sum paid by a recruit, previous to being sworn
in, to procure his release from service.
(c) (Law) Vindictive or exemplary damages; damages beyond
a full compensation for the actual injury done.
--Burrill. --Greenleaf.
{Smart ticket}, a certificate given to wounded seamen,
entitling them to smart money. [Eng.] --Brande & C.
Syn: Pungent; poignant; sharp; tart; acute; quick; lively;
brisk; witty; clever; keen; dashy; showy.
Usage: {Smart}, {Clever}. Smart has been much used in New
England to describe a person who is intelligent,
vigorous, and active; as, a smart young fellow; a
smart workman, etc., conciding very nearly with the
English sense of clever. The nearest approach to this
in England is in such expressions as, he was smart
(pungent or witty) in his reply, etc.; but smart and
smartness, when applied to persons, more commonly
refer to dress; as, a smart appearance; a smart gown,
etc.
Smarten \Smart"en\, v. t.
To make smart or spruce; -- usually with up. [Colloq.]
She had to go and smarten herself up somewhat. --W.
Black.
Smartle \Smar"tle\, v. i.
To waste away. [Prov. Eng.]
Smartly \Smart"ly\, adv.
In a smart manner.
Smartness \Smart"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being smart.
Smartweed \Smart"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
An acrid plant of the genus {Polygonum} ({P. Hydropiper}),
which produces smarting if applied where the skin is tender.
Smash \Smash\ (sm[a^]sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smashed}
(sm[a^]sht); p. pr. & vb. n. {Smashing}.] [Cf. Sw. smisk a
blow, stroke, smiska to strike, dial. Sw. smaske to kiss with
a noise, and E. smack a loud kiss, a slap.]
To break in pieces by violence; to dash to pieces; to crush.
Here everything is broken and smashed to pieces.
--Burke.
Smash \Smash\, v. i.
To break up, or to pieces suddenly, as the result of
collision or pressure.
Smash \Smash\, n.
1. A breaking or dashing to pieces; utter destruction; wreck.
2. Hence, bankruptcy. [Colloq.]
Smasher \Smash"er\ (-[~e]r), n.
1. One who, or that which, smashes or breaks things to
pieces.
2. Anything very large or extraordinary. [Slang]
3. One who passes counterfeit coin. [Cant, Eng.]
Smatch \Smatch\, n. [OE. smach, smak. See {Smack} taste.]
Taste; tincture; smack. [Obs.]
Thy life hath had some smatch of honor in it. --Shak.
Smatch \Smatch\, v. i.
To smack. [Obs.] --Banister (1578).
Smatter \Smat"ter\, v. i. [OE. smateren to make a noise; cf. Sw.
smattra to clatter, to crackle, G. schmettern to dash, crash,
to warble, quaver.]
1. To talk superficially or ignorantly; to babble; to
chatter.
Of state affairs you can not smatter. --Swift.
2. To have a slight taste, or a slight, superficial
knowledge, of anything; to smack.
Smatter \Smat"ter\, v. t.
1. To talk superficially about.
2. To gain a slight taste of; to acquire a slight,
superficial knowledge of; to smack. --Chaucer.
Smatter \Smat"ter\, n.
Superficial knowledge; a smattering.
Smatterer \Smat"ter*er\, n.
One who has only a slight, superficial knowledge; a sciolist.
Smattering \Smat"ter*ing\, n.
A slight, superficial knowledge of something; sciolism.
I had a great desire, not able to attain to a
superficial skill in any, to have some smattering in
all. --Burton.
Smear \Smear\ (sm[=e]r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smeared}
(sm[=e]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Smearing}.] [OE. smeren,
smerien, AS. smierwan, smyrwan, fr. smeoru fat, grease; akin
to D. smeren, OHG. smirwen, G. schmieren, Icel. smyrja to
anoint. See {Smear}, n.]
1. To overspread with anything unctuous, viscous, or
adhesive; to daub; as, to smear anything with oil. ``Smear
the sleepy grooms with blood.'' --Shak.
2. To soil in any way; to contaminate; to pollute; to stain
morally; as, to be smeared with infamy. --Shak.
Smear \Smear\, n. [OE. smere,. smeoru fat, grease; akin to D.
smeer, G. schmeer, OHG. smero, Icel. smj["o]r, Sw. & Dan.
sm["o]r butter, Goth. sma['i]r[thorn]r fatness, smarna dung;
cf. Lith. smarsas fat. Cf. {Smirch}.]
1. A fat, oily substance; oinment. --Johnson.
2. Hence, a spot made by, or as by, an unctuous or adhesive
substance; a blot or blotch; a daub; a stain.
Slow broke the morn, All damp and rolling vapor,
with no sun, But in its place a moving smear of
light. --Alexander
Smith.
Smear dab \Smear" dab"\ (Zo["o]l.)
The sand fluke
(b) . [Prov. Eng.]
Smeared \Smeared\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the color mark ings ill defined, as if rubbed; as, the
smeared dagger moth ({Apatela oblinita}).
Smeary \Smear"y\, a.
Tending to smear or soil; adhesive; viscous. --Rowe.
Smeath \Smeath\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The smew. [Prov. Eng.]
Smectite \Smec"tite\, n. [G. smectit, fr. Gr. ????? a kind of
fuller's earth, fr. ????? to wipe off.] (Min.)
A hydrous silicate of alumina, of a greenish color, which, in
certain states of humidity, appears transparent and almost
gelatinous.
Smee \Smee\, n. [Cf. {Smew}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The pintail duck.
(b) The widgeon.
(c) The poachard.
(d) The smew. [Prov. Eng.]
Smeeth \Smeeth\, v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To smoke; to blacken with smoke; to rub with soot. [Obs.]
Smeeth \Smeeth\, v. t. [OE. sme?en, AS. sm??ian. See {Smooth}.]
To smooth. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Smegma \Smeg"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ???? soap, fr. ????? to wash
off.] (Physiol.)
The matter secreted by any of the sebaceous glands.
Specifically:
(a) The soapy substance covering the skin of newborn infants.
(b) The cheesy, sebaceous matter which collects between the
glans penis and the foreskin.
Smegmatic \Smeg*mat"ic\, a.
Being of the nature of soap; soapy; cleansing; detersive.
Smeir \Smeir\, n.
A salt glaze on pottery, made by adding common salt to an
earthenware glaze.
Smell \Smell\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smelled}, {Smelt}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Smelling}.] [OE. smellen, smillen, smullen; cf. LG.
smellen, smelen, sm["o]len, schmelen, to smoke, to reek, D.
smeulen to smolder, and E. smolder. Cf. {Smell}, n.]
1. To perceive by the olfactory nerves, or organs of smell;
to have a sensation of, excited through the nasal organs
when affected by the appropriate materials or qualities;
to obtain the scent of; as, to smell a rose; to smell
perfumes.
2. To detect or perceive, as if by the sense of smell; to
scent out; -- often with out. ``I smell a device.''
--Shak.
Can you smell him out by that? --Shak.
3. To give heed to. [Obs.]
From that time forward I began to smellthe Word of
God, and forsook the school doctors. --Latimer.
{To smell a rat}, to have a sense of something wrong, not
clearly evident; to have reason for suspicion. [Colloq.]
{To smell out}, to find out by sagacity. [Colloq.]
Smell \Smell\, v. i.
1. To affect the olfactory nerves; to have an odor or scent;
-- often followed by of; as, to smell of smoke, or of
musk.
2. To have a particular tincture or smack of any quality; to
savor; as, a report smells of calumny.
Praises in an enemy are superfluous, or smell of
craft. --Milton.
3. To exercise the sense of smell. --Ex. xxx. 38.
4. To exercise sagacity. --Shak.
Smell \Smell\, n. [OE. smel, smil, smul, smeol. See {Smell}, v.
t.] (Physiol.)
1. The sense or faculty by which certain qualities of bodies
are perceived through the instrumentally of the olfactory
nerves. See {Sense}.
2. The quality of any thing or substance, or emanation
therefrom, which affects the olfactory organs; odor;
scent; fragrance; perfume; as, the smell of mint.
Breathing the smell of field and grove. --Milton.
That which, above all others, yields the sweetest
smell in the air, is the violent. --Bacon.
Syn: Scent; odor; perfume; fragrance.
Smeller \Smell"er\, n.
1. One who smells, or perceives by the sense of smell; one
who gives out smell.
2. The nose. [Pugilists' Slang]
Smell-feast \Smell"-feast`\, n.
1. One who is apt to find and frequent good tables; a
parasite; a sponger.
The epicure and the smell-feast. --South.
2. A feast at which the guests are supposed to feed upon the
odors only of the viands.
Smelling \Smell"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who smells.
2. The sense by which odors are perceived; the sense of
smell. --Locke.
{Smelling bottle}, a small bottle filled with something
suited to stimulate the sense of smell, or to remove
faintness, as spirits of ammonia.
Smell-less \Smell"-less\, a.
Destitute of smell; having no odor.
Daisies smell-less, yet most quaint. --Beau. & Fl.
Smelt \Smelt\,
imp. & p. p. of {Smell}.
Smelt \Smelt\, n. [AS. smelt, smylt; akin to Dan. smelt.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of small silvery
salmonoid fishes of the genus {Osmerus} and allied genera,
which ascend rivers to spawn, and sometimes become
landlocked in lakes. They are esteemed as food, and have a
peculiar odor and taste.
Note: The most important species are the European smelt
({Osmerus eperlans}) (called also {eperlan},
{sparling}, and {spirling}), the Eastern American smelt
({O. mordax}), the California smelt ({O. thalichthys}),
and the surf smelt ({Hypomesus olidus}). The name is
loosely applied to various other small fishes, as the
lant, the California tomcod, the spawn eater, the
silverside.
2. Fig.: A gull; a simpleton. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
{Sand smelt} (Zo["o]l.), the silverside.
Smelt \Smelt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smelted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Smelting}.] [Of foreign origin; cf. Sw. sm["a]lta, D.
smelten, Dan. smelte, Icel. smelta, G. schmelzen OHG.
smelzan, smelzen; probably akin to Gr. ?????. Cf. {Enamel},
{Melt}, {Mute}, v. i., {Smalt}.] (Metal.)
To melt or fuse, as, ore, for the purpose of separating and
refining the metal; hence, to reduce; to refine; to flux or
scorify; as, to smelt tin.
Smelter \Smelt"er\, n.
One who, or that which, smelts.
Smeltery \Smelt"er*y\, n.
A house or place for smelting.
Smeltie \Smelt"ie\, n.
A fish, the bib. [Prov. Eng.]
Smelting \Smelt"ing\,
a. & n. from {Smelt}.
{Smelting furnace} (Metal.), a furnace in which ores are
smelted or reduced.
Smerk \Smerk\, n. & v.
See {Smirk}.
Smerk \Smerk\, Smerky \Smerk"y\, a.
Smart; jaunty; spruce. See {Smirk}, a. [Obs.]
So smerk, so smooth, his pricked ears. --Spenser.
Smerlin \Smer"lin\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small loach.
Smew \Smew\, n. [Perhaps for ice-mew.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) small European merganser ({Mergus albellus}) which has a
white crest; -- called also {smee}, {smee duck}, {white
merganser}, and {white nun}.
(b) The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.]
Smicker \Smick"er\, v. i. [Akin to Sw. smickra to flatter, Dan.
smigre, and perhaps to G. schmeicheln, and E. smile. Cf.
{Smicker}, a.]
To look amorously or wantonly; to smirk.
Smicker \Smick"er\, a. [AS. smicere tasteful, trim. See
{Smicker}, v.]
Amorous; wanton; gay; spruce. [Obs.]
Smickering \Smick"er*ing\, n.
Amorous glance or inclination. [Obs.] ``A smickering to our
young lady.'' --Dryden.
Smicket \Smick"et\, n. [Dim. of smock.]
A woman's under-garment; a smock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
--Johnson.
Smickly \Smick"ly\, adv.
Smugly; finically. [Obs.] --Ford.
Smiddy \Smid"dy\, n. [See {Smithy}.]
A smithy. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Smift \Smift\, n.
A match for firing a charge of powder, as in blasting; a
fuse.
Smight \Smight\, v. t.
To smite. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Smilacin \Smil"a*cin\, n. [Cf. F. similacine. See {Smilax}.]
(Chem.)
See {Parrilin}.
Smilax \Smi"lax\, n. [L., bindweed, Gr. ???.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of perennial climbing plants, usually with a
prickly woody stem; green brier, or cat brier. The
rootstocks of certain species are the source of the
medicine called sarsaparilla.
(b) A delicate trailing plant ({Myrsiphyllum asparagoides})
much used for decoration. It is a native of the Cape of
Good Hope.
Smile \Smile\ (sm[imac]l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Smiled}
(sm[imac]ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Smiling}.] [OE. smilen; akin
to Dan. smile, Sw. smila, MHG. smielen, smieren, L. mirari to
wonder at, Skr. smi to smile; and probably to E. smicker.
[root]173. Cf. {Admire}, {Marvel}, {Smirk}.]
1. To express amusement, pleasure, moderate joy, or love and
kindness, by the features of the face; to laugh silently.
He doth nothing but frown. . . . He hears merry
tales and smiles not. --Shak.
She smiled to see the doughty hero slain. --Pope.
When last I saw thy young blue eyes, they smiled.
--Byron.
2. To express slight contempt by a look implying sarcasm or
pity; to sneer.
'T was what I said to Craggs and Child, Who praised
my modesty, and smiled. --Pope.
3. To look gay and joyous; to have an appearance suited to
excite joy; as, smiling spring; smiling plenty.
The desert smiled, And paradise was opened in the
wild. --Pope.
4. To be propitious or favorable; to favor; to countenance;
-- often with on; as, to smile on one's labors.
Smile \Smile\, v. t.
1. To express by a smile; as, to smile consent; to smile a
welcome to visitors.
2. To affect in a certain way with a smile. [R.]
And sharply smile prevailing folly dead. --Young.
Smile \Smile\, n. [CF. Dan. smiil, Sw. smil. See {Smile}, v. i.]
1. The act of smiling; a peculiar change or brightening of
the face, which expresses pleasure, moderate joy, mirth,
approbation, or kindness; -- opposed to {frown}.
Sweet intercourse Of looks and smiles: for smiles
from reason flow. --Milton.
2. A somewhat similar expression of countenance, indicative
of satisfaction combined with malevolent feelings, as
contempt, scorn, etc; as, a scornful smile.
3. Favor; countenance; propitiousness; as, the smiles of
Providence. ``The smile of heaven.'' --Shak.
4. Gay or joyous appearance; as, the smiles of spring.
The brightness of their [the flowers'] smile was
gone. --Bryant.
Smileless \Smile"less\, a.
Not having a smile.
Smiler \Smil"er\, n.
One who smiles. --Tennyson.
Smilet \Smil"et\, n.
A little smile. [R.]
Those happy smilets That played on her ripe lip.
--Shak.
Smilingly \Smil"ing*ly\, adv.
In a smiling manner. --Shak.
Smilingness \Smil"ing*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being smiling.
And made despair a smilingness assume. --Byron.
Smilodon \Smi"lo*don\, n. [Gr. ??? a carving knife + ???, ???,
tooth.] (Paleon.)
An extinct genus of saber-toothed tigers. See {Mach?rodus}.
Smilt \Smilt\, v. i.
To melt. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Sminthurid \Smin*thu"rid\, n. [Gr. ??? a mouse + ??? tail.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous small species of springtails, of the
family {Sminthurid[ae]}, -- usually found on flowers. See
Illust. under {Collembola}.
Smirch \Smirch\, v. t. [From the root of smear.]
To smear with something which stains, or makes dirty; to
smutch; to begrime; to soil; to sully.
I'll . . . with a kind of umber smirch my face. --Shak.
Smirch \Smirch\, n.
A smutch; a dirty stain.
Smirk \Smirk\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Smirked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Smirking}.] [OE. smirken, ASS. smercian, smearcian; cf. MHG.
smieren, smielen, to smile. See {Smile}, v. i.]
To smile in an affected or conceited manner; to smile with
affected complaisance; to simper.
Smirk \Smirk\, n.
A forced or affected smile; a simper.
The bride, all smirk and blush, had just entered. --Sir
W. Scott.
Smirk \Smirk\, a.
Nice,; smart; spruce; affected; simpering. ``So smirk, so
smooth.'' --Spenser.
Smirkingly \Smirk"ing*ly\, adv.
With smirking; with a smirk.
Smirky \Smirk"y\, a.
Smirk; smirking.
Smit \Smit\, rare
imp. & p. p. of {Smite}. --Spenser.
Smit with the beauty of so fair a scene. --Cowper.
Smit \Smit\, obs.
3d. pers. sing. pres. of {Smite}. --Chaucer.
Smite \Smite\ (sm[imac]t), v. t. [imp. {Smote} (sm[=o]t), rarely
{Smit} (sm[i^]t); p. p. {Smitten} (sm[i^]t"t'n), rarely
{Smit}, or {Smote}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Smiting}
(sm[imac]t"[i^]ng).] [AS. sm[=i]tan to smite, to soil,
pollute; akin to OFries. sm[=i]ta to smite, LG. smiten, D.
smijten, G. schmeissen, OHG. sm[=i]zan to smear, stroke, OSw.
& dial. Sw. smita to smite, Dan. smide to throw, Goth.
bismeitan, to anoint, besmear; cf. Skr. m[=e]d to be fat. The
original sense seems to have been, to daub on, to smear. Cf.
{Smut}.]
1. To strike; to inflict a blow upon with the hand, or with
any instrument held in the hand, or with a missile thrown
by the hand; as, to smite with the fist, with a rod,
sword, spear, or stone.
Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn
to him the other also. --Matt. v. 39.
And David . . . took thence a stone, and slang it,
and smote the Philistine in his forehead. --1 Sam.
xvii. 49.
2. To cause to strike; to use as an instrument in striking or
hurling.
Prophesy, and smite thine hands together. --Ezek.
xxi. 14.
Saul . . . smote the javelin into the wall. --1 Sam.
xix. 10.
3. To destroy the life of by beating, or by weapons of any
kind; to slay by a blow; to kill; as, to smite one with
the sword, or with an arrow or other instrument.
4. To put to rout in battle; to overthrow by war.
5. To blast; to destroy the life or vigor of, as by a stroke
or by some visitation.
The flax and the barly was smitten. --Ex. ix. 31.
6. To afflict; to chasten; to punish.
Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor imagine,
because he smites us, that we are forsaken by him.
--Wake.
7. To strike or affect with passion, as love or fear.
The charms that smite the simple heart. --Pope.
Smit with the love of sister arts we came. --Pope.
{To smite off}, to cut off.
{To smite out}, to knock out, as a tooth. --Exod. xxi. 27.
{To smite with the tongue}, to reproach or upbraid; to
revile. [Obs.] --Jer. xviii. 18.
Smite \Smite\, v. i.
To strike; to collide; to beat. [Archaic]
The heart melteth, and the knees smite together. --Nah.
ii. 10.
Smite \Smite\, n.
The act of smiting; a blow.
Smiter \Smit"er\ (sm[imac]t"[~e]r), n.
One who smites.
I give my back to the smiters. --Isa. l. 6.
Smith \Smith\ (sm[i^]th), n. [AS. smi[eth]; akin to D. smid, G.
schmied, OHG. smid, Icel. smi[eth]r, Dan. & Sw. smed, Goth.
smi[thorn]a (in comp.); cf. Gr. smi`lh a sort of knife,
sminy`h a hoe, mattock.]
1. One who forges with the hammer; one who works in metals;
as, a blacksmith, goldsmith, silversmith, and the like.
--Piers Plowman.
Nor yet the smith hath learned to form a sword.
--Tate.
2. One who makes or effects anything. [R.] --Dryden.
Smith \Smith\, v. t. [AS. smi[eth]ian. See {Smith}, n.]
To beat into shape; to forge. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
What smith that any [weapon] smitheth. --Piers
Plowman.
Smithcraft \Smith"craft`\ (-kr[.a]ft`), n.
The art or occupation of a smith; smithing. [R.] --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Smither \Smith"er\ (sm[i^][th]"[~e]r), n.
1. Light, fine rain. [Prov. Eng.]
2. pl. Fragments; atoms; finders. [Prov. Eng.]
Smash the bottle to smithers. --Tennyson.
Smithereens \Smith`er*eens"\ (sm[i^][th]`[~e]r*[=e]nz"), n. pl.
Fragments; atoms; smithers. [Colloq.] --W. Black.
Smithery \Smith"er*y\ (sm[i^]th"[~e]r*[y^]), n.; pl. {-ies}
(-[i^]z).
1. The workshop of a smith; a smithy or stithy.
2. Work done by a smith; smithing.
The din of all his smithery may some time or other
possibly wake this noble duke. --Burke.
Smithing \Smith"ing\, n.
The act or art of working or forging metals, as iron, into
any desired shape. --Moxon.
Smithsonian \Smith*so"ni*an\ (-s[=o]"n[i^]*an), a.
Of or pertaining to the Englishman J. L. M. Smithson, or to
the national institution of learning which he endowed at
Washington, D. C.; as, the Smithsonian Institution;
Smithsonian Reports. -- n. The Smithsonian Institution.
Smithsonite \Smith"son*ite\, n. [See {Smithsonian}.] (Min.)
Native zinc carbonate. It generally occurs in stalactitic,
reniform, or botryoidal shapes, of a white to gray, green, or
brown color. See Note under {Calamine}.
Smithy \Smith"y\ (-[y^]), n. [AS. smi[eth][eth]e, fr. smi[eth];
akin to D. smidse, smids, OHG. smitta, G. schmiede, Icel.
smi[eth]ja. See {Smith}, n.]
The workshop of a smith, esp. a blacksmith; a smithery; a
stithy. [Written also {smiddy}.]
Under a spreading chestnut tree The village smithy
stands. --Longfellow.
Smitt \Smitt\ (sm[i^]t), n. [CF. G. schmitz a stain, schmitzen
besmear. See {Smite}, v. t.]
Fine clay or ocher made up into balls, used for marking
sheep. [Eng.] --Woodward.
Smitten \Smit"ten\ (sm[i^]t"t'n),
p. p. of {Smite}.
Smittle \Smit"tle\ (-t'l), v. t. [Freq. fr. OE. smitten to
befoul. See {Smite}, v. t.]
To infect. [Prov. Eng.]
Smittle \Smit"tle\, n.
Infection. [Pov. Eng.] --Wright.
Smittle \Smit"tle\ (sm[i^]t"t'l), Smittlish \Smit"tlish\
(-tl[i^]sh), a.
Infectious; catching. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] --H. Kingsley.
Smock \Smock\ (sm[o^]k), n. [AS. smocc; akin to OHG. smocho,
Icel. smokkr, and from the root of AS. sm[=u]gan to creep,
akin to G. schmiegen to cling to, press close, MHG. smiegen,
Icel. smj[=u]ga to creep through, to put on a garment which
has a hole to put the head through; cf. Lith. smukti to
glide. Cf. {Smug}, {Smuggle}.]
1. A woman's under-garment; a shift; a chemise.
In her smock, with head and foot all bare.
--Chaucer.
2. A blouse; a smoock frock. --Carlyle.
Smock \Smock\, a.
Of or pertaining to a smock; resembling a smock; hence, of or
pertaining to a woman.
{Smock mill}, a windmill of which only the cap turns round to
meet the wind, in distinction from a post mill, whose
whole building turns on a post.
{Smock race}, a race run by women for the prize of a smock.
[Prov. Eng.]
Smock \Smock\, v. t.
To provide with, or clothe in, a smock or a smock frock.
--Tennyson.
Smock-faced \Smock"-faced`\, a.
Having a feminine countenance or complexion; smooth-faced;
girlish. --Fenton.
Smock frock \Smock" frock`\
A coarse frock, or shirt, worn over the other dress, as by
farm laborers. --Macaulay.
Smockless \Smock"less\, a.
Wanting a smock. --Chaucer.
Smokable \Smok"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being smoked; suitable or ready to be smoked; as,
smokable tobacco.
Smoke \Smoke\, n. [AS. smoca, fr. sme['o]can to smoke; akin to
LG. & D. smook smoke, Dan. sm["o]g, G. schmauch, and perh. to
Gr. ??? to burn in a smoldering fire; cf. Lith. smaugti to
choke.]
1. The visible exhalation, vapor, or substance that escapes,
or expelled, from a burning body, especially from burning
vegetable matter, as wood, coal, peat, or the like.
Note: The gases of hydrocarbons, raised to a red heat or
thereabouts, without a mixture of air enough to produce
combustion, disengage their carbon in a fine powder,
forming smoke. The disengaged carbon when deposited on
solid bodies is soot.
2. That which resembles smoke; a vapor; a mist.
3. Anything unsubstantial, as idle talk. --Shak.
4. The act of smoking, esp. of smoking tobacco; as, to have a
smoke. [Colloq.]
Note: Smoke is sometimes joined with other word. forming
self-explaining compounds; as, smoke-consuming,
smoke-dried, smoke-stained, etc.
{Smoke arch}, the smoke box of a locomotive.
{Smoke ball} (Mil.), a ball or case containing a composition
which, when it burns, sends forth thick smoke.
{Smoke black}, lampblack. [Obs.]
{Smoke board}, a board suspended before a fireplace to
prevent the smoke from coming out into the room.
{Smoke box}, a chamber in a boiler, where the smoke, etc.,
from the furnace is collected before going out at the
chimney.
{Smoke sail} (Naut.), a small sail in the lee of the galley
stovepipe, to prevent the smoke from annoying people on
deck.
{Smoke tree} (Bot.), a shrub ({Rhus Cotinus}) in which the
flowers are mostly abortive and the panicles transformed
into tangles of plumose pedicels looking like wreaths of
smoke.
{To end in smoke}, to burned; hence, to be destroyed or
ruined; figuratively, to come to nothing.
Syn: Fume; reek; vapor.
Smoke \Smoke\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Smoked}; p. pr. & vb n.
{Smoking}.] [AS. smocian; akin to D. smoken, G. schmauchen,
Dan. sm["o]ge. See {Smoke}, n.]
1. To emit smoke; to throw off volatile matter in the form of
vapor or exhalation; to reek.
Hard by a cottage chimney smokes. --Milton.
2. Hence, to burn; to be kindled; to rage.
The anger of the Lord and his jealousy shall smoke
agains. that man. --Deut. xxix.
20.
3. To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion.
Proud of his steeds, he smokes along the field.
--Dryden.
4. To draw into the mouth the smoke of tobacco burning in a
pipe or in the form of a cigar, cigarette, etc.; to
habitually use tobacco in this manner.
5. To suffer severely; to be punished.
Some of you shall smoke for it in Rome. --Shak.
Smoke \Smoke\, v. t.
1. To apply smoke to; to hang in smoke; to disinfect, to
cure, etc., by smoke; as, to smoke or fumigate infected
clothing; to smoke beef or hams for preservation.
2. To fill or scent with smoke; hence, to fill with incense;
to perfume. ``Smoking the temple.'' --Chaucer.
3. To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.
I alone Smoked his true person, talked with him.
--Chapman.
He was first smoked by the old Lord Lafeu. --Shak.
Upon that . . . I began to smoke that they were a
parcel of mummers. --Addison.
4. To ridicule to the face; to quiz. [Old Slang]
5. To inhale and puff out the smoke of, as tobacco; to burn
or use in smoking; as, to smoke a pipe or a cigar.
6. To subject to the operation of smoke, for the purpose of
annoying or driving out; -- often with out; as, to smoke a
woodchuck out of his burrow.
Smoke-dry \Smoke"-dry`\, v. t.
To dry by or in smoke.
Smokehouse \Smoke"house`\, n.
A building where meat or fish is cured by subjecting it to a
dense smoke.
Smokejack \Smoke"jack`\, n.
A contrivance for turning a spit by means of a fly or wheel
moved by the current of ascending air in a chimney.
Smokeless \Smoke"less\, a.
Making or having no smoke. ``Smokeless towers.'' --Pope.
Smoker \Smok"er\, n.
1. One who dries or preserves by smoke.
2. One who smokes tobacco or the like.
3. A smoking car or compartment. [U. S.]
Smokestack \Smoke"stack`\, n.
A chimney; esp., a pipe serving as a chimney, as the pipe
which carries off the smoke of a locomotive, the funnel of a
steam vessel, etc.
Smokily \Smok"i*ly\, adv.
In a smoky manner.
Smokiness \Smok"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being smoky.
Smoking \Smok"ing\,
a. & n. from {Smoke}.
{Smoking bean} (Bot.), the long pod of the catalpa, or
Indian-bean tree, often smoked by boys as a substitute for
cigars.
{Smoking car}, a railway car carriage reserved for the use of
passengers who smoke tobacco.
Smoky \Smok"y\, a. [Compar. {Smokier}; superl. {Smokiest}.]
1. Emitting smoke, esp. in large quantities or in an
offensive manner; fumid; as, smoky fires.
2. Having the appearance or nature of smoke; as, a smoky fog.
``Unlustrous as the smoky light.'' --Shak.
3. Filled with smoke, or with a vapor resembling smoke;
thick; as, a smoky atmosphere.
4. Subject to be filled with smoke from chimneys or
fireplace; as, a smoky house.
5. Tarnished with smoke; noisome with smoke; as, smoky
rafters; smoky cells.
6. Suspicious; open to suspicion. [Obs.] --Foote.
{Smoky quartz} (Min.), a variety of quartz crystal of a pale
to dark smoky-brown color. See {Quartz}.
Smolder \Smol"der\, Smoulder \Smoul"der\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Smoldered}or {Smouldered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Smoldering} or
{Smouldering}.] [OE. smolderen; cf. Prov. G. sm["o]len,
smelen, D. smeulen. Cf. {Smell}.]
1. To burn and smoke without flame; to waste away by a slow
and supressed combustion.
The smoldering dust did round about him smoke.
--Spenser.
2. To exist in a state of suppressed or smothered activity;
to burn inwardly; as, a smoldering feud.
Smolder \Smol"der\, Smoulder \Smoul"der\, v. t.
To smother; to suffocate; to choke. [Obs.] --Holinshed.
Palsgrave.
Smolder \Smol"der\, Smoulder \Smoul"der\, n.
Smoke; smother. [Obs.]
The smolder stops our nose with stench. --Gascoigne.
Smoldering \Smol"der*ing\, Smouldering \Smoul"der*ing\, a.
Being in a state of suppressed activity; quiet but not dead.
Some evil chance Will make the smoldering scandal break
and blaze. --Tennyson.
Smolderingness \Smol"der*ing*ness\, Smoulderingness
\Smoul"der*ing*ness\, n.
The state of smoldering.
Smoldry \Smol"dry\, Smouldry \Smoul"dry\, a.
Smoldering; suffocating; smothery. [Obs.]
A flaming fire ymixt with smoldry smoke. --Spenser.
Smolt \Smolt\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A young salmon two or three years old, when it has acquired
its silvery color.
Smooch \Smooch\, v. t.
See {Smutch}.
Smoor \Smoor\, v. t. [AS. smorian; akin to D. & LG. smoren, G.
schmoren to stew. Cf. {Smother}.]
To suffocate or smother. [Written also {smore}.] [Obs. or
Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --Sir T. More. Burns.
Smooth \Smooth\ (sm[=oo][th]), a. [Compar. {Smoother} (-[~e]r);
superl. {Smoothest}.] [OE. smothe, smethe, AS. sm[=e][eth]e,
sm[oe][eth]e, where [=e], [oe], come from an older [=o]; cf.
LG. sm["o]de, sm["o]e, sm["o]dig; of uncertain origin.]
1. Having an even surface, or a surface so even that no
roughness or points can be perceived by the touch; not
rough; as, smooth glass; smooth porcelain. --Chaucer.
The outlines must be smooth, imperceptible to the
touch, and even, without eminence or cavities.
--Dryden.
2. Evenly spread or arranged; sleek; as, smooth hair.
3. Gently flowing; moving equably; not ruffled or obstructed;
as, a smooth stream.
4. Flowing or uttered without check, obstruction, or
hesitation; not harsh; voluble; even; fluent.
The only smooth poet of those times. --Milton.
Waller was smooth; but Dryden taught to join The
varying verse, the full-resounding line. --Pope.
When sage Minerva rose, From her sweet lips smooth
elocution flows. --Gay.
5. Bland; mild; smoothing; fattering.
This smooth discourse and mild behavior oft Conceal
a traitor. --Addison.
6. (Mech. & Physics) Causing no resistance to a body sliding
along its surface; frictionless.
Note: Smooth is often used in the formation of selfexplaining
compounds; as, smooth-bodied, smooth-browed,
smooth-combed, smooth-faced, smooth-finished,
smooth-gliding, smooth-grained, smooth-leaved,
smooth-sliding, smooth-speaking, smooth-woven, and the
like.
Syn: Even; plain; level; flat; polished; glossy; sleek; soft;
bland; mild; soothing; voluble; flattering; adulatory;
deceptive.
Smooth \Smooth\, adv.
Smoothly. --Chaucer.
Smooth runs the water where the brook is deep. --Shak.
Smooth \Smooth\, n.
1. The act of making smooth; a stroke which smooths.
--Thackeray.
2. That which is smooth; the smooth part of anything. ``The
smooth of his neck.'' --Gen. xxvii. 16.
Smooth \Smooth\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smoothed} (sm[=oo]thd); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Smoothing}.] [OE. smothen, smethen, AS.
sm[=e][eth]ian; cf. LG. sm["o]den. See {Smooth}, a.]
To make smooth; to make even on the surface by any means; as,
to smooth a board with a plane; to smooth cloth with an iron.
Specifically:
(a) To free from obstruction; to make easy.
Thou, Abelard! the last sad office pay, And smooth
my passage to the realms of day. --Pope.
(b) To free from harshness; to make flowing.
In their motions harmony divine So smooths her
charming tones that God's own ear Listens
delighted. --Milton.
(c) To palliate; to gloze; as, to smooth over a fault.
(d) To give a smooth or calm appearance to.
Each perturbation smoothed with outward calm.
--Milton.
(e) To ease; to regulate. --Dryden.
Smooth \Smooth\, v. i.
To flatter; to use blandishment.
Because I can not flatter and speak fair, Smile in
men's faces, smooth, deceive and cog. --Shak.
Smoothbore \Smooth"bore`\, a. (Gun.)
Having a bore of perfectly smooth surface; -- distinguished
from rifled. -- n. A smoothbore firearm.
Smooth-chinned \Smooth"-chinned`\, a.
Having a smooth chin; beardless. --Drayton.
Smoothen \Smooth"en\, v. t.
To make smooth. [Obs.]
Smoother \Smooth"er\, n.
One who, or that which, smooths.
Smoothing \Smooth"ing\, a. & n.
fr. {Smooth}, v.
{Smoothing iron}, an iron instrument with a polished face,
for smoothing clothes; a sadiron; a flatiron.
{Smoothing plane}, a short, finely set plane, for smoothing
and finishing work.
Smoothly \Smooth"ly\, adv.
In a smooth manner.
Smoothness \Smooth"ness\, n.
Quality or state of being smooth.
Smooth-spoken \Smooth"-spo`ken\, a.
Speaking smoothly; plausible; flattering; smooth-tongued.
Smooth-tongued \Smooth"-tongued`\, a.
Having a smooth tongue; plausible; flattering.
Smore \Smore\, v. t.
To smother. See {Smoor}. [Obs.]
Some dying vomit blood, and some were smored. --Du
Bartas.
Smorzando \Smor*zan"do\, Smorsato \Smor*sa"to\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
Growing gradually fainter and softer; dying away; morendo.
Smote \Smote\,
imp. (& rare p. p.) of {Smite}.
Smoterlich \Smo"ter*lich\, a. [CF. {Smut}.]
Dirty; foul. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Smother \Smoth"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smothered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Smothering}.] [OE. smotheren; akin to E. smoor. See
{Smoor}.]
1. To destroy the life of by suffocation; to deprive of the
air necessary for life; to cover up closely so as to
prevent breathing; to suffocate; as, to smother a child.
2. To affect as by suffocation; to stife; to deprive of air
by a thick covering, as of ashes, of smoke, or the like;
as, to smother a fire.
3. Hence, to repress the action of; to cover from public
view; to suppress; to conceal; as, to smother one's
displeasure.
Smother \Smoth"er\, v. i.
1. To be suffocated or stifled.
2. To burn slowly, without sufficient air; to smolder.
Smother \Smoth"er\, n. [OE. smorther. See {Smother}, v. t.]
1. Stifling smoke; thick dust. --Shak.
2. A state of suppression. [Obs.]
Not to keep their suspicions in smother. --Bacon.
{Smother fly} (Zo["o]l.), an aphid.
Smotheriness \Smoth"er*i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being smothery.
Smotheringly \Smoth"er*ing*ly\, adv.
In a smothering manner.
Smothery \Smoth"er*y\, a.
Tending to smother; stifling.
Smouch \Smouch\, v. t. [Akin to smack.]
To kiss closely. [Obs.] --P. Stubbes.
Smouch \Smouch\, v. t. [See {Smutch}.]
To smutch; to soil; as, to smouch the face.
Smouch \Smouch\, n.
A dark soil or stain; a smutch.
Smoulder \Smoul"der\, v. i.
See {Smolder}.
Smouldry \Smoul"dry\, a.
See {Smoldry}.
Smudge \Smudge\, n. [Cf. Dan. smuds smut, E. smutch, or smoke.]
1. A suffocating smoke. --Grose.
2. A heap of damp combustibles partially ignited and burning
slowly, placed on the windward side of a house, tent, or
the like, in order, by the thick smoke, to keep off
mosquitoes or other insects. [U. S.] --Bartlett.
3. That which is smeared upon anything; a stain; a blot; a
smutch; a smear.
Smudge \Smudge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smudged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Smudging}.]
1. To stifle or smother with smoke; to smoke by means of a
smudge.
2. To smear; to smutch; to soil; to blacken with smoke.
Smudginess \Smudg"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being smudged, soiled, or blurred.
--C. A. Young.
Smug \Smug\, a. [Of. Scand. or Low German origin; cf. LG. smuck,
G. schmuck, Dan. smuk, OSw. smuck, sm["o]ck, and E. smock,
smuggle; cf. G. schmuck ornament. See {Smock}.]
Studiously neat or nice, especially in dress; spruce;
affectedly precise; smooth and prim.
They be so smug and smooth. --Robynson
(More's
Utopia).
The smug and scanty draperies of his style. --De
Quincey.
A young, smug, handsome holiness has no fellow. --Beau.
& Fl.
Smug \Smug\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smugged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Smugging}.]
To make smug, or spruce. [Obs.]
Thus said, he smugged his beard, and stroked up fair.
--Dryton.
Smuggle \Smug"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smuggled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Smuggling}.] [Of Low German or Scand. origin; cf. LG.
smuggeln, D. smokkelen, G. schmuggeln, Dan. smugle, Sw. smyga
to introduce or convey secretly, Dan. i smug secretly, D.
smuigen to eat in secret, AS. sm?gan to creep. See {Smock}.]
1. To import or export secretly, contrary to the law; to
import or export without paying the duties imposed by law;
as, to smuggle lace.
2. Fig.: To convey or introduce clandestinely.
Smuggle \Smug"gle\, v. i.
To import or export in violation of the customs laws.
Smuggler \Smug"gler\, n.
1. One who smuggles.
2. A vessel employed in smuggling.
Smugly \Smug"ly\, adv.
In a smug manner. [R.] --Gay.
Smugness \Smug"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being smug.
Smut \Smut\, n. [Akin to Sw. smuts, Dan. smuds, MHG. smuz, G.
schmutz, D. smet a spot or stain, smoddig, smodsig,
smodderig, dirty, smodderen to smut; and probably to E.
smite. See {Smite}, v. t., and cf. {Smitt}, {Smutch}.]
1. Foul matter, like soot or coal dust; also, a spot or soil
made by such matter.
2. (Mining) Bad, soft coal, containing much earthy matter,
found in the immediate locality of faults.
3. (Bot.) An affection of cereal grains producing a swelling
which is at length resolved into a powdery sooty mass. It
is caused by parasitic fungi of the genus {Ustilago}.
{Ustilago segetum}, or {U. Carbo}, is the commonest kind;
that of Indian corn is {Ustilago maydis}.
4. Obscene language; ribaldry; obscenity.
He does not stand upon decency . . . but will talk
smut, though a priest and his mother be in the room.
--Addison.
{Smut mill}, a machine for cleansing grain from smut.
Smut \Smut\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smutted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Smutting}.]
1. To stain or mark with smut; to blacken with coal, soot, or
other dirty substance.
2. To taint with mildew, as grain. --Bacon.
3. To blacken; to sully or taint; to tarnish.
4. To clear of smut; as, to smut grain for the mill.
Smut \Smut\, v. i.
1. To gather smut; to be converted into smut; to become
smutted. --Mortimer.
2. To give off smut; to crock.
Smutch \Smutch\, n. [Prob. for smuts. See {Smut}, n.]
A stain; a dirty spot. --B. Jonson.
Smutch \Smutch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Smutched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Smutching}.]
To blacken with smoke, soot, or coal. [Written also
{smooch}.] --B. Jonson.
Smutchin \Smutch"in\, n.
Snuff. [Obs.] --Howell.
Smutty \Smut"ty\, a. [Compar. {Smuttier}; superl. {Smuttiest}.]
1. Soiled with smut; smutted.
2. Tainted with mildew; as, smutty corn.
3. Obscene; not modest or pure; as, a smutty saying.
The smutty joke, ridiculously lewd. --Smollett.
-- {Smut"ti*ly}, adv. -- {Smut"ti*ness}, n.
Smyrniot \Smyr"ni*ot\, a.
Of or pertaining to Smyrna. -- n. A native or inhabitant of
Smyrna.
Snack \Snack\, n. [See {Snatch}, v. t.]
1. A share; a part or portion; -- obsolete, except in the
colloquial phrase, {to go snacks}, i. e., to share.
At last he whispers, ``Do, and we go snacks.''
--Pope.
2. A slight, hasty repast. [Colloq.]
Snacket \Snack"et\, n.
See {Snecket}. [Prov. Eng.]
Snacot \Snac"ot\, n. [Said to be corrupted fr. NL. syngnathus,
fr. Gr. sy`n together + gna`qos jaw, because the jaws can be
only slightly separated.] (Zo["o]l.)
A pipefish of the genus {Syngnathus}. See {Pipefish}.
Snaffle \Snaf"fle\, n. [D. snavel a beak, bill, snout; akin to
G. schnabel, OHG. snabul,. sneb, snebbe, OFries. snavel
mouth, Dan. & Sw. snabel beak, bill, Lith. snapas, and to E.
snap, v. See {Snap}, and cf. {Neb}.]
A kind of bridle bit, having a joint in the part to be placed
in the mouth, and rings and cheek pieces at the ends, but
having no curb; -- called also {snaffle bit}.
Snaffle \Snaf"fle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snaffled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Snaffling}.]
To put a snaffle in the mouth of; to subject to the snaffle;
to bridle.
Snag \Snag\, n. [Prov. E., n., a lump on a tree where a branch
has been cut off; v., to cut off the twigs and small branches
from a tree, of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. snaigh, snaidh, to
cut down, to prune, to sharpen, p. p. snaighte, snaidhte, cut
off, lopped, Ir. snaigh a hewing, cutting.]
1. A stump or base of a branch that has been lopped off; a
short branch, or a sharp or rough branch; a knot; a
protuberance.
The coat of arms Now on a naked snag in triumph
borne. --Dryden.
2. A tooth projecting beyond the rest; contemptuously, a
broken or decayed tooth. --Prior.
3. A tree, or a branch of a tree, fixed in the bottom of a
river or other navigable water, and rising nearly or quite
to the surface, by which boats are sometimes pierced and
sunk.
4. (Zo["o]l.) One of the secondary branches of an antler.
{Snag boat}, a steamboat fitted with apparatus for removing
snags and other obstructions in navigable streams. [U.S.]
{Snag tooth}. Same as {Snag}, 2.
How thy snag teeth stand orderly, Like stakes which
strut by the water side. --J. Cotgrave.
Snag \Snag\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snagged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snagging}.]
1. To cut the snags or branches from, as the stem of a tree;
to hew roughly. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
2. To injure or destroy, as a steamboat or other vessel, by a
snag, or projecting part of a sunken tree. [U. S.]
Snagged \Snag"ged\, a.
Full of snags; snaggy.
Snaggy \Snag"gy\, a.
1. Full of snags; full of short, rough branches or sharp
points; abounding with knots. ``Upon a snaggy oak.''
--Spenser.
2. Snappish; cross; ill-tempered. [Prov. Eng.]
Snail \Snail\ (sn[=a]l), n. [OE. snaile, AS. sn[ae]gel, snegel,
sn[ae]gl; akin to G. schnecke, OHG. snecko, Dan. snegl, Icel.
snigill.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial
air-breathing gastropods belonging to the genus Helix
and many allied genera of the family {Helicid[ae]}.
They are abundant in nearly all parts of the world
except the arctic regions, and feed almost entirely on
vegetation; a land snail.
(b) Any gastropod having a general resemblance to the true
snails, including fresh-water and marine species. See
{Pond snail}, under {Pond}, and {Sea snail}.
2. Hence, a drone; a slow-moving person or thing.
3. (Mech.) A spiral cam, or a flat piece of metal of spirally
curved outline, used for giving motion to, or changing the
position of, another part, as the hammer tail of a
striking clock.
4. A tortoise; in ancient warfare, a movable roof or shed to
protect besiegers; a testudo. [Obs.]
They had also all manner of gynes [engines] . . .
that needful is [in] taking or sieging of castle or
of city, as snails, that was naught else but hollow
pavises and targets, under the which men, when they
fought, were heled [protected], . . . as the snail
is in his house; therefore they cleped them snails.
--Vegetius
(Trans.).
5. (Bot.) The pod of the sanil clover.
{Ear snail}, {Edible snail}, {Pond snail}, etc. See under
{Ear}, {Edible}, etc.
{Snail borer} (Zo["o]l.), a boring univalve mollusk; a drill.
{Snail clover} (Bot.), a cloverlike plant ({Medicago
scuttellata}, also, {M. Helix}); -- so named from its
pods, which resemble the shells of snails; -- called also
{snail trefoil}, {snail medic}, and {beehive}.
{Snail flower} (Bot.), a leguminous plant ({Phaseolus
Caracalla}) having the keel of the carolla spirally coiled
like a snail shell.
{Snail shell} (Zo["o]l.), the shell of snail.
{Snail trefoil}. (Bot.) See {Snail clover}, above.
Snailfish \Snail"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Sea snail}
(a) .
Snail-like \Snail"-like`\, a.
Like or suiting a snail; as, snail-like progress.
Snail-like \Snail"-like`\, adv.
In the manner of a snail; slowly.
Snail-paced \Snail"-paced`\, a.
Slow-moving, like a snail.
Bid the snail-paced Ajax arm for shame. --Shak.
'Snails \'Snails\, interj.
God's nails, or His nails, that is, the nails with which the
Savior was fastened to the cross; -- an ancient form of oath,
corresponding to 'Od's bodikins (dim. of body, i.e., God's
dear body). --Beau. & Fl.
Snake \Snake\, n. [AS. snaca; akin to LG. snake, schnake, Icel.
sn[=a]kr, sn?kr, Dan. snog, Sw. snok; of uncertain origin.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any species of the order Ophidia; an ophidian; a serpent,
whether harmless or venomous. See {Ophidia}, and {Serpent}.
Note: Snakes are abundant in all warm countries, and much the
larger number are harmless to man.
{Blind snake}, {Garter snake}, {Green snake}, {King snake},
{Milk snake}, {Rock snake}, {Water snake}, etc. See under
{Blind}, {Garter}, etc.
{Fetich snake} (Zo["o]l.), a large African snake ({Python
Seb[ae]}) used by the natives as a fetich.
{Ringed snake} (Zo["o]l.), a common European columbrine snake
({Tropidonotus natrix}).
{Snake eater}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The markhoor.
(b) The secretary bird.
{Snake fence}, a worm fence (which see). [U.S.]
{Snake fly} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
neuropterous insects of the genus {Rhaphidia}; -- so
called because of their large head and elongated neck and
prothorax.
{Snake gourd} (Bot.), a cucurbitaceous plant ({Trichosanthes
anguina}) having the fruit shorter and less snakelike than
that of the serpent cucumber.
{Snake killer}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The secretary bird.
(b) The chaparral cock.
{Snake moss} (Bot.), the common club moss ({Lycopodium
clavatum}). See {Lycopodium}.
{Snake nut} (Bot.), the fruit of a sapindaceous tree
({Ophiocaryon paradoxum}) of Guiana, the embryo of which
resembles a snake coiled up.
{Tree snake} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
colubrine snakes which habitually live in trees,
especially those of the genus {Dendrophis} and allied
genera.
Snake \Snake\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snaked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snaking}.]
1. To drag or draw, as a snake from a hole; -- often with
out. [Colloq. U.S.] --Bartlett.
2. (Naut.) To wind round spirally, as a large rope with a
smaller, or with cord, the small rope lying in the spaces
between the strands of the large one; to worm.
Snake \Snake\, v. i.
To crawl like a snake.
Snakebird \Snake"bird`\, n. [So named from its snakelike neck.]
(Zo["o]l.)
1. Any one of four species of aquatic birds of the genus
{Anhinga} or {Plotus}. They are allied to the gannets and
cormorants, but have very long, slender, flexible necks,
and sharp bills.
Note: The American species ({Anhinga, or Plotus, anhinga})
inhabits the Southern United States and tropical
America; -- called also {darter}, and {water turkey}.
The Asiatic species ({A. melanogaster}) is native of
Southern Asia and the East Indies. Two other species
inhabit Africa and Australia respectively.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The wryneck.
Snakefish \Snake"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The band fish.
(b) The lizard fish.
Snakehead \Snake"head`\, n.
1. A loose, bent-up end of one of the strap rails, or flat
rails, formerly used on American railroads. It was
sometimes so bent by the passage of a train as to slip
over a wheel and pierce the bottom of a car.
2. (Bot.)
(a) The turtlehead.
(b) The Guinea-hen flower. See {Snake's-head}, and under
{Guinea}.
Snakeneck \Snake"neck`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The snakebird, 1.
Snakeroot \Snake"root`\, n. (Bot.)
Any one of several plants of different genera and species,
most of which are (or were formerly) reputed to be
efficacious as remedies for the bites of serpents; also, the
roots of any of these.
Note: The Virginia snakeroot is {Aristolochia Serpentaria};
black snakeroot is {Sanicula}, esp. {S. Marilandica},
also {Cimicifuga racemosa}; Seneca snakeroot is
{Polygala Senega}; button snakeroot is {Liatris}, also
{Eryngium}; white snakeroot is {Eupatorium
ageratoides}. The name is also applied to some others
besides these.
Snake's-head \Snake's"-head`\, n. (Bot.)
The Guinea-hen flower; -- so called in England because its
spotted petals resemble the scales of a snake's head. --Dr.
Prior.
{Snake's-head iris} (Bot.), an iridaceous plant
({Hermodactylus tuberosus}) of the Mediterranean region.
The flowers slightly resemble a serpent's open mouth.
Snakestone \Snake"stone`\, n.
1. A kind of hone slate or whetstone obtained in Scotland.
2. (Paleon.) An ammonite; -- so called from its form, which
resembles that of a coiled snake.
Snake's-tongue \Snake's-tongue`\, n. (Bot.)
Same as {Adder's-tongue}.
Snakeweed \Snake"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) A kind of knotweed ({Polygonum Bistorta}).
(b) The Virginia snakeroot. See {Snakeroot}.
Snakewood \Snake"wood`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) An East Indian climbing plant ({Strychnos colubrina})
having a bitter taste, and supposed to be a remedy for
the bite of the hooded serpent.
(b) An East Indian climbing shrub ({Ophioxylon serpentinum})
which has the roots and stems twisted so as to resemble
serpents.
(c) Same as {Trumpetwood}.
(d) A tropical American shrub ({Plumieria rubra}) which has
very fragrant red blossoms.
(e) Same as {Letterwood}.
Snakish \Snak"ish\, a.
Having the qualities or characteristics of a snake; snaky.
Snaky \Snak"y\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a snake or snakes; resembling a snake;
serpentine; winding.
The red light playing upon its gilt and carving gave
it an appearance of snaky life. --L. Wallace.
2. Sly; cunning; insinuating; deceitful.
So to the coast of Jordan he directs His easy steps,
girded with snaky wiles. --Milton.
3. Covered with serpents; having serpents; as, a snaky rod or
wand. --Dryden.
That snaky-headed, Gorgon shield. --Milton.
Snap \Snap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snapped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snapping}.] [LG. or D. snappen to snap up, to snatch; akin
to G. schnappen, MHG. snaben, Dan. snappe, and to D. snavel
beak, bill. Cf. {Neb}, {Snaffle}, n.]
1. To break at once; to break short, as substances that are
brittle.
Breaks the doors open, snaps the locks. --Prior.
2. To strike, to hit, or to shut, with a sharp sound.
3. To bite or seize suddenly, especially with the teeth.
He, by playing too often at the mouth of death, has
been snapped by it at last. --South.
4. To break upon suddenly with sharp, angry words; to treat
snappishly; -- usually with up. --Granville.
5. To crack; to cause to make a sharp, cracking noise; as, to
snap a whip.
MacMorian snapped his fingers repeatedly. --Sir W.
Scott.
6. To project with a snap.
{To snap back} (Football), to roll the ball back with the
foot; -- done only by the center rush, who thus delivers
the ball to the quarter back on his own side when both
sides are ranged in line.
{To snap off}.
(a) To break suddenly.
(b) To bite off suddenly.
Snap \Snap\, v. i.
1. To break short, or at once; to part asunder suddenly; as,
a mast snaps; a needle snaps.
But this weapon will snap short, unfaithful to the
hand that employs it. --Burke.
2. To give forth, or produce, a sharp, cracking noise; to
crack; as, blazing firewood snaps.
3. To make an effort to bite; to aim to seize with the teeth;
to catch eagerly (at anything); -- often with at; as, a
dog snapsat a passenger; a fish snaps at the bait.
4. To utter sharp, harsh, angry words; -- often with at; as,
to snap at a child.
5. To miss fire; as, the gun snapped.
Snap \Snap\, n. [Cf. D. snap a snatching. See {Snap}, v. t.]
1. A sudden breaking or rupture of any substance.
2. A sudden, eager bite; a sudden seizing, or effort to
seize, as with the teeth.
3. A sudden, sharp motion or blow, as with the finger sprung
from the thumb, or the thumb from the finger.
4. A sharp, abrupt sound, as that made by the crack of a
whip; as, the snap of the trigger of a gun.
5. A greedy fellow. --L'Estrange.
6. That which is, or may be, snapped up; something bitten
off, seized, or obtained by a single quick movement;
hence, a bite, morsel, or fragment; a scrap.
He's a nimble fellow, And alike skilled in every
liberal science, As having certain snaps of all.
--B. Jonson.
7. A sudden severe interval or spell; -- applied to the
weather; as, a cold snap.
--Lowell.
8. A small catch or fastening held or closed by means of a
spring, or one which closes with a snapping sound, as the
catch of a bracelet, necklace, clasp of a book, etc.
9. (Zo["o]l.) A snap beetle.
10. A thin, crisp cake, usually small, and flavored with
ginger; -- used chiefly in the plural.
11. Briskness; vigor; energy; decision. [Colloq.]
12. Any circumstance out of which money may be made or an
advantage gained. [Slang]
{Snap back} (Football), the act of snapping back the ball.
{Snap beetle}, or {Snap bug} (Zo["o]l.), any beetle of the
family {Elaterid[ae]}, which, when laid on its back, is
able to leap to a considerable height by means of a
thoracic spring; -- called also {snapping beetle}.
{Snap flask} (Molding), a flask for small work, having its
sides separable and held together by latches, so that the
flask may be removed from around the sand mold.
{Snap judgment}, a judgment formed on the instant without
deliberation.
{Snap lock}, a lock shutting with a catch or snap.
{Snap riveting}, riveting in which the rivets have snapheads
formed by a die or swaging tool.
{Snap shot}, a quick offhand shot, without deliberately
taking aim.
Snapdragon \Snap"drag`on\, n.
1. (Bot.)
(a) Any plant of the scrrophulariaceous genus
{Antirrhinum}, especially the cultivated {A. majus},
whose showy flowers are fancifully likened to the face
of a dragon.
(b) A West Indian herb ({Ruellia tuberosa}) with curiously
shaped blue flowers.
2. A play in which raisins are snatched from a vessel
containing burning brandy, and eaten; also, that which is
so eaten. See {Flapdragon}. --Swift.
Snape \Snape\, v. t. (Shipbuilding)
To bevel the end of a timber to fit against an inclined
surface.
Snaphance \Snap"hance`\, n. [D. snaphaan a gun, originally, the
snapping cock of a gun. See {Snap}, and {Hen}.]
1. A spring lock for discharging a firearm; also, the firearm
to which it is attached. [Obs.]
2. A trifling or second-rate thing or person. [Obs.]
Snaphead \Snap"head`\, n.
A hemispherical or rounded head to a rivet or bolt; also, a
swaging tool with a cavity in its face for forming such a
rounded head.
Snapper \Snap"per\, n.
1. One who, or that which, snaps; as, a snapper up of
trifles; the snapper of a whip.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of large sparoid
food fishes of the genus {Lutjanus}, abundant on the
southern coasts of the United States and on both coasts of
tropical America.
Note: The red snapper ({Lutjanus aya, or Blackfordi}) and the
gray, or mangrove, snapper ({L. griseus}) are large and
abundant species. The name is loosely applied to
various other fishes, as the bluefish, the rosefish,
the red grouper, etc. See {Rosefish}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A snapping turtle; as, the alligator snapper.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The green woodpecker, or yaffle.
5. (Zo["o]l.) A snap beetle.
Snapping \Snap"ping\,
a. & n. from {Snap}, v.
{Snapping beetle}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Snap beetle}, under
{Snap}.
{Snapping turtle}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A large and voracious aquatic turtle ({Chelydra
serpentina}) common in the fresh waters of the United
States; -- so called from its habit of seizing its prey
by a snap of its jaws. Called also {mud turtle}.
(b) See {Alligator snapper}, under {Alligator}.
Snappish \Snap"pish\, a.
1. Apt to snap at persons or things; eager to bite; as, a
snapping cur.
2. Sharp in reply; apt to speak angrily or testily; easily
provoked; tart; peevish.
The taunting address of a snappish misanthrope.
--Jeffrey.
-- {Snap"pish*ly}, adv. -- {Snap"pish*ness}, n.
Snappy \Snap"py\, a.
Snappish. [Colloq.]
Snapsack \Snap"sack`\, n. [Cf. Sw. snapps["a]ck, G.
schnappsack.]
A knapsack. [Obs.] --South.
Snapweed \Snap"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
See {Impatiens}.
Snar \Snar\, v. i. [Akin to LG. & OD. snarren, G. schnarren, E.
snore. See {Snore}, and cf. {Snarl} to growl.]
To snarl. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Snare \Snare\, n. [AS. sneara cord, a string; akin to D. snoer,
G. schnur, OHG. snour a cord, snarahha a noose, Dan. snare,
Sw. & Icel. snara, Goth. sn?rj? a basket; and probably also
to E. needle. See {Needle}, and cf. {Snarl} to entangle.]
1. A contrivance, often consisting of a noose of cord, or the
like, by which a bird or other animal may be entangled and
caught; a trap; a gin.
2. Hence, anything by which one is entangled and brought into
trouble.
If thou retire, the Dauphin, well appointed, Stands
with the snares of war to tangle thee. --Shak.
3. The gut or string stretched across the lower head of a
drum.
4. (Med.) An instrument, consisting usually of a wireloop or
noose, for removing tumors, etc., by avulsion.
{Snare drum}, the smaller common military drum, as
distinguished from the bass drum; -- so called because (in
order to render it more resonant) it has stretched across
its lower head a catgut string or strings.
Snare \Snare\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snaring}.]
To catch with a snare; to insnare; to entangle; hence, to
bring into unexpected evil, perplexity, or danger.
Lest that too heavenly form . . . snare them. --Milton.
The mournful crocodile With sorrow snares relenting
passengers. --Shak.
Snarer \Snar"er\, n.
One who lays snares, or entraps.
Snarl \Snarl\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snarled}; p. pr. & vvb. n.
{Snarling}.] [Etymol. uncertain.]
To form raised work upon the outer surface of (thin metal
ware) by the repercussion of a snarling iron upon the inner
surface.
Snarl \Snarl\, v. t. [From {Snare}, v. t.]
1. To entangle; to complicate; to involve in knots; as, to
snarl a skein of thread. ``Her snarled hair.'' --Spenser.
2. To embarrass; to insnare.
[The] question that they would have snarled him
with. --Latimer.
Snarl \Snarl\, n.
A knot or complication of hair, thread, or the like,
difficult to disentangle; entanglement; hence, intricate
complication; embarrassing difficulty.
Snarl \Snarl\, v. i. [From {Snar}.]
1. To growl, as an angry or surly dog; to gnarl; to utter
grumbling sounds. ``An angry cur snarls while he feeds.''
--Dryden & Lee.
2. To speak crossly; to talk in rude, surly terms.
It is malicious and unmanly to snarl at the little
lapses of a pen, from which Virgil himself stands
not exempted. --Dryden.
Snarl \Snarl\, n.
The act of snarling; a growl; a surly or peevish expression;
an angry contention.
Snarler \Snarl"er\, n.
One who snarls; a surly, growling animal; a grumbling,
quarrelsome fellow.
Snarler \Snarl"er\, n.
One who makes use of a snarling iron.
Snarling \Snarl"ing\,
a. & n. from {Snarl}, v.
{Snarling iron}, a tool with a long beak, used in the process
of snarling. When one end is held in a vise, and the shank
is struck with a hammer, the repercussion of the other
end, or beak, within the article worked upon gives the
requisite blow for producing raised work. See 1st {Snarl}.
Snary \Snar"y\, a. [From {Snare}.]
Resembling, or consisting of, snares; entangling; insidious.
Spiders in the vault their snary webs have spread.
--Dryden.
Snast \Snast\, n. [Cf. {Snite}, v. t.]
The snuff, or burnt wick, of a candle. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Snatch \Snatch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snatched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snatching}.] [OE. snachen, snechen; akin to D. snakken to
gasp, to long (for), to desire. Cf. {Snack}, n., {Sneck}.]
1. To take or seize hastily, abruptly, or without permission
or ceremony; as, to snatch a loaf or a kiss.
When half our knowledge we must snatch, not take.
--Pope.
2. To seize and transport away; to rap. ``Snatch me to
heaven.'' --Thomson.
Syn: To twitch; pluck; grab; catch; grasp; gripe.
Snatch \Snatch\, v. i.
To attempt to seize something suddenly; to catch; -- often
with at; as, to snatch at a rope.
Snatch \Snatch\, n.
1. A hasty catching or seizing; a grab; a catching at, or
attempt to seize, suddenly.
2. A short period of vigorous action; as, a snatch at weeding
after a shower. --Tusser.
They move by fits and snatches. --Bp. Wilkins.
3. A small piece, fragment, or quantity; a broken part; a
scrap.
We have often little snatches of sunshine.
--Spectator.
Leave me your snatches, and yield me a direct
answer. --Shak.
Snatch block \Snatch block\ (Naut.),
a kind of block with an opening in one side to receive the
bight of a rope.
Snatcher \Snatch"er\, n.
One who snatches, or takes abruptly.
Snatchingly \Snatch"ing*ly\, adv.
By snatching; abruptly.
Snatch \Snatch\, n. [Cf. AS. sn[=i]?an to cut, to mow, sn?d a
bite, bit snip.]
The handle of a scythe; a snead. [Variously written in
England {snead}, {sneed}, {sneath}, {sneeth}, {snathe}, etc.;
in Scotland written {sned}.]
Snathe \Snathe\, v. t. [Cf. Icel. snei?a to cut into alices,
sn[=i]?a to cut; akin to AS. besn?dan, sn[=i]?an, G.
schneiden, OHG. sn[=i]dan, Goth. snei?an to cut, to reap, and
E. snath, snithe.]
To lop; to prune. [Prov. Eng.]
Snattock \Snat"tock\, n. [See {Snathe}.]
A chip; a alice. [Prov. Eng.] --Gayton.
Snaw \Snaw\ (sn[add]), n.
Snow. [Obs. or Scot.] --Burns.
Snead \Snead\ (sn[=e]d), n. [See {Snatch}.]
1. A snath.
2. A line or cord; a string. [Prov. Eng.]
Sneak \Sneak\ (sn[=e]k), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sneaked}
(sn[=e]kt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Sneaking}.] [OE. sniken, AS.
sn[=i]can to creep; akin to Dan. snige sig; cf. Icel.
sn[=i]kja to hanker after.]
1. To creep or steal (away or about) privately; to come or go
meanly, as a person afraid or ashamed to be seen; as, to
sneak away from company.
You skulked behind the fence, and sneaked away. --Dryden.
2. To act in a stealthy and cowardly manner; to behave with
meanness and servility; to crouch.
Sneak \Sneak\, v. t.
To hide, esp. in a mean or cowardly manner. [Obs.]
``[Slander] sneaks its head.'' --Wake.
Sneak \Sneak\, n.
1. A mean, sneaking fellow.
A set of simpletons and superstitious sneaks.
--Glanvill.
2. (Cricket) A ball bowled so as to roll along the ground; --
called also {grub}. [Cant] --R. A. Proctor.
Sneak-cup \Sneak"-cup`\, n.
One who sneaks from his cups; one who balks his glass. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Sneaker \Sneak"er\, n.
1. One who sneaks. --Lamb.
2. A vessel of drink. [Prov. Eng.]
A sneaker of five gallons. --Spectator.
Sneakiness \Sneak"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being sneaky.
Sneaking \Sneak"ing\, a.
Marked by cowardly concealment; deficient in openness and
courage; underhand; mean; crouching. -- {Sneak"ing*ly}, adv.
-- {Sneak"ing*ness}, n.
Sneaksby \Sneaks"by\, n.
A paltry fellow; a sneak. [Obs.] ``Such a bashful sneaksby.''
--Barrow.
Sneaky \Sneak"y\, n.
Like a sneak; sneaking.
Sneap \Sneap\, v. t. [Cf. Icel. sneypa to dishonor, disgrace,
chide, but also E. snip, and snub.]
1. To check; to reprimand; to rebuke; to chide. [Obs.] --Bp.
Hall.
2. To nip; to blast; to blight. [Obs.]
Biron is like an envious, sneaping frost. --Shak.
Sneap \Sneap\, n.
A reprimand; a rebuke. [Obs.]
My lord, I will not undergo this sneap without reply.
--Shak.
Sneath \Sneath\, Sneathe \Sneathe\, n.
See {Snath}.
Sneb \Sneb\, v. t. [See {Snib}.]
To reprimand; to sneap. [Obs.] ``Scold and sneb the good
oak.'' --Spenser.
Sneck \Sneck\, v. t. [See {Snatch}.]
To fasten by a hatch; to latch, as a door. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.]
{Sneck up}, be silent; shut up; hold your peace.
--Shak.
Sneck \Sneck\, n.
A door latch. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
{Sneck band}, a latchstring. --Burns.
{Sneck drawer}, a latch lifter; a bolt drawer; hence, a sly
person; a cozener; a cheat; -- called also {sneckdraw}.
{Sneck drawing}, lifting the latch.
Snecket \Sneck"et\, n.
A door latch, or sneck. [Prov. Eng.]
Sned \Sned\, v. t.
To lop; to snathe. [Prov. Eng.]
Sned \Sned\, Sneed \Sneed\, n.
See {Snath}.
Sneer \Sneer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sneered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sneering}.] [OE. sneren, Dan. sn?rre to snarl or grin (like
a dog); cf. Prov. E. sneer to grin, sner to snort, snert to
sneer at. See {Snore}, v. i.]
1. To show contempt by turning up the nose, or by a
particular facial expression.
2. To inssinuate contempt by a covert expression; to speak
derisively.
I could be content to be a little sneared at.
--Pope.
3. To show mirth awkwardly. [R.] --Tatler.
Syn: To scoff; gibe; jeer.
Usage: {Sneer}, {Scoff}, {Jeer}. The verb to sneer implies to
cast contempt indirectly or by covert expressions. To
jeer is stronger, and denotes the use of several
sarcastic reflections. To scoff is stronger still,
implying the use of insolent mockery and derision.
And sneers as learnedly as they, Like females
o'er their morning tea. --Swift.
Midas, exposed to all their jeers, Had lost his
art, and kept his ears. --Swift.
The fop, with learning at defiance, Scoffs at
the pedant and science. --Gay.
Sneer \Sneer\, v. t.
1. To utter with a grimace or contemptuous expression; to
utter with a sneer; to say sneeringly; as, to sneer
fulsome lies at a person. --Congreve.
``A ship of fools,'' he sneered. --Tennyson.
2. To treat with sneers; to affect or move by sneers.
Nor sneered nor bribed from virtue into shame.
--Savage.
Sneer \Sneer\, n.
1. The act of sneering.
2. A smile, grin, or contortion of the face, indicative of
contempt; an indirect expression or insinuation of
contempt. ''Who can refute a sneer?'' --Raley.
Sneerer \Sneer"er\, n.
One who sneers.
Sneerful \Sneer"ful\, a.
Given to sneering. [Obs.]
Sneeringly \Sneer"ing*ly\, adv.
In a sneering manner.
Sneeze \Sneeze\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sneezed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sneezing}.] [OE. snesen; of uncertain origin; cf. D. snuse
to sniff, E. neese, and AS. fne['o]san.]
To emit air, chiefly through the nose, audibly and violently,
by a kind of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by
irritation of the inner membrane of the nose.
{Not to be sneezed at}, not to be despised or contemned; not
to be treated lightly. [Colloq.] ``He had to do with old
women who were not to be sneezed at.'' --Prof. Wilson.
Sneeze \Sneeze\, n.
A sudden and violent ejection of air with an audible sound,
chiefly through the nose.
Sneezeweed \Sneeze"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
A yellow-flowered composite plant ({Helenium autumnale}) the
odor of which is said to cause sneezing.
Sneezewood \Sneeze"wood`\, n. (Bot.)
The wood of a South African tree. See {Neishout}.
Sneezewort \Sneeze"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A European herbaceous plant ({Achillea Ptarmica}) allied to
the yarrow, having a strong, pungent smell.
Sneezing \Sneez"ing\, n. (Physiol.)
The act of violently forcing air out through the nasal
passages while the cavity of the mouth is shut off from the
pharynx by the approximation of the soft palate and the base
of the tongue.
Snell \Snell\, a. [AS. snell; akin to D. snel, G. schnell, OHG.
snel, Icel. snjallr valiant.]
Active; brisk; nimble; quick; sharp. [Archaic or Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
That horny-handed, snell, peremptory little man. --Dr.
J. Brown.
Snell \Snell\, n.
A short line of horsehair, gut, etc., by which a fishhook is
attached to a longer line.
Snet \Snet\, n. [Cf. G. schnitt that which is cut, fr. schneiden
to cut, E. snath.]
The fat of a deer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Snet \Snet\, v. t. [See {Snot}.]
The clear of mucus; to blow. [Obs.] ``Snetting his nose.''
--Holland.
Snew \Snew\, v. i.
To snow; to abound. [Obs.]
It snewed in his house of meat and drink. --Chaucer.
Snib \Snib\, v. t. [OE. snibben; cf. Dan. snibbe, and E. snub,
v. t.]
To check; to sneap; to sneb. [Obs.]
Him would he snib sharply for the nones. --Chaucer.
Snib \Snib\, n.
A reprimand; a snub. [Obs.] --Marston.
Snick \Snick\, n. [Prov. E. snick a notch; cf. Icel. snikka
nick, cut.]
1. A small cut or mark.
2. (Cricket) A slight hit or tip of the ball, often
unintentional.
3. (Fiber) A knot or irregularity in yarn. --Knight.
4. (Furriery) A snip or cut, as in the hair of a beast.
{Snick and snee} [cf. D. snee, snede, a cut], a combat with
knives. [Obs.] --Wiseman.
Snick \Snick\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snicked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snicking}.]
1. To cut slightly; to strike, or strike off, as by cutting.
--H. Kingsley.
2. (Cricket) To hit (a ball) lightly. --R. A. Proctor.
Snick \Snick\, n. & v. t.
See {Sneck}. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
{Snick up}, shut up; silenced. See Sneck up, under {Sneck}.
Give him money, George, and let him go snick up.
--Beau. & Fl.
Snicker \Snick"er\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Snickered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Snickering}.] [Cf. D. snikken to sob, to sigh.]
[Written also {snigger}.]
1. To laugh slyly; to laugh in one's sleeve.
2. To laugh with audible catches of voice, as when persons
attempt to suppress loud laughter.
Snicker \Snick"er\, n.
A half suppressed, broken laugh. [Written also {snigger}.]
Snide \Snide\, a.
Tricky; deceptive; contemptible; as, a snide lawyer; snide
goods. [Slang]
Sniff \Sniff\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sniffed}or {Snift}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sniffing}.] [OE. sneven; akin to snivel, snuff; cf.
Dan. snive to sniff. See {Snuff}, v. t.]
To draw air audibly up the nose; to snuff; -- sometimes done
as a gesture of suspicion, offense, or contempt.
So ye grow squeamish, gods, and sniff at heaven. --M.
Arnold.
Sniff \Sniff\, v. t.
1. To draw in with the breath through the nose; as, to sniff
the air of the country.
2. To perceive as by sniffing; to snuff, to scent; to smell;
as, to sniff danger.
Sniff \Sniff\, n.
The act of sniffing; perception by sniffing; that which is
taken by sniffing; as, a sniff of air.
Sniffing \Sniff"ing\, n. (Physiol.)
A rapid inspiratory act, in which the mouth is kept shut and
the air drawn in through the nose.
Sniffle \Snif"fle\, v. i. [Freq. of sniff. See {Snivel}.]
To snuffle, as one does with a catarrh. [Prov. Eng.]
Snift \Snift\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Snifted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snifting}.] [From {Sniff}.]
1. To snort. [Obs.] ``Resentment expressed by snifting.''
--Johnson.
2. To sniff; to snuff; to smell.
It now appears that they were still snifing and
hankering after their old quarters. --Landor.
Snift \Snift\, n.
1. A moment. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
2. Slight snow; sleet. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Snifting \Snift"ing\,
a. & n. from {Snift}.
{Snifting valve}, a small valve opening into the atmosphere
from the cylinder or condenser of a steam engine, to allow
the escape of air when the piston makes a stroke; -- so
called from the noise made by its action.
Snig \Snig\, v. t. [See {Snick} a small cut.]
To chop off; to cut. [Prov. Eng.]
Snig \Snig\, v. i. [See {Sneak}.]
To sneak. [Prov. Eng.]
Snig \Snig\, Snigg \Snigg\, n. [Cf. {Sneak}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small eel. [Prov. Eng.]
Sniggger \Snigg"ger\, v. i.
See {Snicker}. --Thackeray.
Snigger \Snig"ger\, n.
See {Snicker}. --Dickens.
Sniggle \Snig"gle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sniggled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sniggling}.] [See {Snig} a kind of eel.]
To fish for eels by thrusting the baited hook into their
holes or hiding places. --Walton.
Sniggle \Snig"gle\, v. t.
To catch, as an eel, by sniggling; hence, to hook; to
insnare. --Beau. & Fl.
Snip \Snip\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snipped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snipping}.] [D. snippen; akin to G. schnippen.]
To cut off the nip or neb of, or to cut off at once with
shears or scissors; to clip off suddenly; to nip; hence, to
break off; to snatch away.
Curbed and snipped in my younger years by fear of my
parents from those vicious excrescences to which that
age was subject. --Fuller.
The captain seldom ordered anything out of the ship's
stores . . . but I snipped some of it for my own share.
--De Foe.
Snip \Snip\, n.
1. A single cut, as with shears or scissors; a clip. --Shak.
2. A small shred; a bit cut off. --Wiseman.
3. A share; a snack. [Obs.] --L'Estrange
4. A tailor. [Slang] --Nares. C. Kingsley.
5. Small hand shears for cutting sheet metal.
Snipe \Snipe\, n. [OE. snipe; akin to D. snep, snip, LG. sneppe,
snippe, G. schnepfe, Icel. sn[=i]pa (in comp.), Dan. sneppe,
Sw. sn["a]ppa a sanpiper, and possibly to E. snap. See
{Snap}, {Snaffle}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of limicoline game
birds of the family {Scolopacid[ae]}, having a long,
slender, nearly straight beak.
Note: The common, or whole, snipe ({Gallinago c[oe]lestis})
and the great, or double, snipe ({G. major}), are the
most important European species. The Wilson's snipe
({G. delicata}) (sometimes erroneously called English
snipe) and the gray snipe, or dowitcher ({Macrohamphus
griseus}), are well-known American species.
2. A fool; a blockhead. [R.] --Shak.
{Half snipe}, the dunlin; the jacksnipe.
{Jack snipe}. See {Jacksnipe}.
{Quail snipe}. See under {Quail}.
{Robin snipe}, the knot.
{Sea snipe}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Shore snipe}, any sandpiper.
{Snipe hawk}, the marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.]
{Stone snipe}, the tattler.
{Summer snipe}, the dunlin; the green and the common European
sandpipers.
{Winter snipe}. See {Rock snipe}, under {Rock}.
{Woodcock snipe}, the great snipe.
Snipebill \Snipe"bill`\, n.
1. A plane for cutting deep grooves in moldings.
2. A bolt by which the body of a cart is fastened to the
axle. [Local, U.S.]
Snipefish \Snipe"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The bellows fish.
(b) A long, slender deep-sea fish ({Nemichthys
scolopaceus}) with a slender beak.
Snippack \Snip"pack\, n. [Cf. {Snipe}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common snipe. [Prov. Eng.]
Snipper \Snip"per\, n.
One who snips.
Snipper-snaper \Snip"per-snap`er\, n.
A small, insignificant fellow. [Colloq.]
Snippet \Snip"pet\, n.
A small part or piece.
To be cut into snippets and shreds. --F. Harrison.
Snippety \Snip"pet*y\, a.
Ridiculously small; petty. ``Snippety facts.'' --London
Spectator.
Snip-snap \Snip"-snap`\, n. [Reduplication of snap.]
A tart dialogue with quick replies. [R.] --Pope.
Snip-snap \Snip"-snap`\, a.
Quick; short; sharp; smart. --Shak.
Snypy \Snyp"y\, a.
Like a snipe.
Snite \Snite\, n.
A snipe. [Obs. or Scot.] --Carew.
Snite \Snite\, v. t. [Icel. sn[=i]fa. See {Snout}.]
To blow, as the nose; to snuff, as a candle. [Obs. or Scot.]
Snithe \Snithe\, Snithy \Snith"y\, a. [AS. sn[=i]?an to cut. See
{Snathe}.]
Sharp; piercing; cutting; -- applied to the wind. [Prov.
Eng.]
Snivel \Sniv"el\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sniveled}or {Snivelled};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Sniveling} or {Snivelling}.] [OE. snivelen,
snevelen, snuvelen, freg. of sneven. See {Sniff}, and cf.
{Snuffle}.]
1. To run at the nose; to make a snuffling noise.
2. To cry or whine with snuffling, as children; to cry weakly
or whiningly.
Put stop to thy sniveling ditty. --Sir W.
Scott.
Snivel \Sniv"el\, n. [AS. snofel. Cf. {Snivel}, v. i.]
Mucus from the nose; snot.
Sniveler \Sniv"el*er\, n. [Written also sniveller.]
One who snivels, esp. one who snivels habitually.
Snively \Sniv"el*y\, a.
Running at the nose; sniveling pitiful; whining.
Snob \Snob\, n. [Icel. sn[=a]pr a dolt, impostor, charlatan. Cf.
{Snub}.]
1. A vulgar person who affects to be better, richer, or more
fashionable, than he really is; a vulgar upstart; one who
apes his superiors. --Thackeray.
Essentially vulgar, a snob. -- a gilded snob, but
none the less a snob. --R. G. White.
2. (Eng. Univ.) A townsman. [Canf]
3. A journeyman shoemaker. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
4. A workman who accepts lower than the usual wages, or who
refuses to strike when his fellows do; a rat; a knobstick.
Those who work for lower wages during a strike are
called snobs, the men who stand out being ``nobs''
--De Quincey.
Snobbery \Snob"ber*y\, n.
The quality of being snobbish; snobbishness.
Snobbish \Snob"bish\, a.
Of or pertaining to a snob; characteristic of, or befitting,
a snob; vulgarly pretentious. -- {Snob"bish*ly}, adv.
Snobbishness \Snob"bish*ness\, n.
Vulgar affectation or ostentation; mean admiration of mean
things; conduct or manners of a snob.
Snobbism \Snob"bism\, n.
Snobbery.
Snobby \Snob"by\ (sn[o^]b"b[y^]), a.
Snobbish. [R.] --E. B. Ramsay.
Snobling \Snob"ling\, n.
A little snob. [Jocose] --Thackeray.
Snobocracy \Snob*oc"ra*cy\ (sn[o^]b*[o^]k"r[.a]*s[y^]), n. [Snob
+ -cracy, as in aristocracy, mobocracy.]
Snobs, collectively. [Hybrid & Recent] --C. Kingsley.
Snod \Snod\ (sn[o^]d), n. [See {Snood}.]
A fillet; a headband; a snood. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Snod \Snod\, a. [Scot. snod to prune, put in order.]
Trimmed; smooth; neat; trim; sly; cunning; demure. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]
Snoff \Snoff\ (sn[o^]f; 115), n. [Cf. {Snuff}.] (Mining)
A short candle end used for igniting a fuse. --Raymond.
Snood \Snood\, n. [AS. sn[=o]d. Cf. Snare.]
1. The fillet which binds the hair of a young unmarried
woman, and is emblematic of her maiden character. [Scot.]
And seldom was a snood amid Such wild, luxuriant
ringlets hid. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. A short line (often of horsehair) connecting a fishing
line with the hook; a snell; a leader.
Snood \Snood\, v. t.
To bind or braid up, as the hair, with a snood. [Scot.]
Snooded \Snood"ed\, a.
Wearing or having a snood. ``The snooded daughter.''
--Whittier.
Snook \Snook\ (sn[=oo]k), v. i. [Prov. E. snook to search out,
to follow by the scent; cf. Sw. snoka to lurk, LG.
sn["o]ggen, snuckern, sn["o]kern, to snuffle, to smell about,
to search for.]
To lurk; to lie in ambush. [Obs.]
Snook \Snook\, n. [D. snoek.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A large perchlike marine food fish ({Centropomus
undecimalis}) found both on the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts of tropical America; -- called also {ravallia},
and {robalo}.
(b) The cobia.
(c) The garfish.
Snooze \Snooze\ (sn[=oo]z), n. [Scot. snooze to sleep; cf. Dan.
& Sw. snus snuff.]
A short sleep; a nap. [Colloq.]
Snooze \Snooze\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Snoozed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snoozing}.]
To doze; to drowse; to take a short nap; to slumber.
[Colloq.]
Snore \Snore\ (sn[=o]r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Snored}
(sn[=o]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Snoring}.] [OE. snoren, AS.
snora a snoring; akin to LG. snoren, snorken, snurken, to
snore, D. snorken, G. schnarchen to snore, schnarren to
rattle, MHG. snarren, Sw. snarka to snore, Icel. snarka to
sputter, fizzle. Cf. {Snarl} to growl, {Sneer}, {Snort}. See
{Snoring}.]
To breathe with a rough, hoarse, nasal voice in sleep.
Snore \Snore\, n.
A harsh nasal noise made in sleep.
Snorer \Snor"er\, n.
One who snores.
Snoring \Snor"ing\, n. (Physiol.)
The act of respiring through the open mouth so that the
currents of inspired and expired air cause a vibration of the
uvula and soft palate, thus giving rise to a sound more or
less harsh. It is usually unvoluntary, but may be produced
voluntarily.
Snort \Snort\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Snorted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snorting}.] [OE. snorten; akin to snoren. See {Snore}.]
1. To force the air with violence through the nose, so as to
make a noise, as do high-spirited horsed in prancing and
play. --Fairfax.
2. To snore. [R.] ``The snorting citizens.'' --Shak.
3. To laugh out loudly. [Colloq.] --Halliwell.
Snort \Snort\, n.
The act of snorting; the sound produced in snorting.
Snort \Snort\, v. t.
To expel throught the nostrils with a snort; to utter with a
snort. --Keats.
Snorter \Snort"er\, n.
1. One who snorts.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The wheather; -- so called from its cry. [Prov.
Eng.]
Snot \Snot\, n. [AS. snot; akin to D. snot, LG. snotte, Dan.
snot, and to E. snout. See {Snout}.]
1. Mucus secreted in, or discharged from, the nose. [Low]
2. A mean, insignificant fellow. [Low]
Snot \Snot\, v. t.
To blow, wipe, or clear, as the nose.
Snotter \Snot"ter\, v. i. [From {Snot}.]
To snivel; to cry or whine. [Prov. Eng.] --Grose.
Snotter \Snot"ter\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)
A rope going over a yardarm, used to bend a tripping line to,
in sending down topgallant and royal yards in vessels of war;
also, the short line supporting the heel of the sprit in a
small boat.
Snottery \Snot"ter*y\, n.
Filth; abomination. [Obs.]
To purge the snottery of our slimy time. --Marston.
Snotty \Snot"ty\, a.
Foul with snot; hence, mean; dirty. -- {Snot"ti*ly}, adv. --
{Snot"ti*ness}, n.
Snout \Snout\ (snout), n. [OE. snoute, probably of Scand, or Low
German origin; cf. LG. snute, D. snuit, G. schnauze, Sw.
snut, snyte, Dan. snude, Icel. sn?ta to blow the nose;
probably akin to E. snuff, v.t. Cf. {Snite}, {Snot},
{Snuff}.]
1. The long, projecting nose of a beast, as of swine.
2. The nose of a man; -- in contempt. --Hudibras.
3. The nozzle of a pipe, hose, etc.
4. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The anterior prolongation of the head of a gastropod;
-- called also {rostrum}.
(b) The anterior prolongation of the head of weevils and
allied beetles.
{Snout beetle} (Zo["o]l.), any one of many species of beetles
having an elongated snout and belonging to the tribe
Rhynchophora; a weevil.
{Snout moth} (Zo["o]l.), any pyralid moth. See {Pyralid}.
Snout \Snout\, v. t.
To furnish with a nozzle or point.
Snouty \Snout"y\, a.
Resembling a beast's snout.
The nose was ugly, long, and big, Broad and snouty like
a pig. --Otway.
Snow \Snow\, n. [LG. snaue, or D. snaauw, from LG. snau a snout,
a beak.] (Naut.)
A square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig only in that
she has a trysail mast close abaft the mainmast, on which a
large trysail is hoisted.
Snow \Snow\, n. [OE. snow, snaw, AS. sn[=a]w; akin to D. sneeuw,
OS. & OHG. sn[=e]o, G. schnee, Icel. sn[ae]r, snj[=o]r,
snaj[=a]r, Sw. sn["o], Dan. snee, Goth. snaiws, Lith.
sn["e]gas, Russ. snieg', Ir. & Gael. sneachd, W. nyf, L. nix,
nivis, Gr. acc. ni`fa, also AS. sn[=i]wan to snow, G.
schneien, OHG. sn[=i]wan, Lith. snigti, L. ningit it snows,
Gr. ni`fei, Zend snizh to snow; cf. Skr. snih to be wet or
sticky. [root]172.]
1. Watery particles congealed into white or transparent
crystals or flakes in the air, and falling to the earth,
exhibiting a great variety of very beautiful and perfect
forms.
Note: Snow is often used to form compounds, most of which are
of obvious meaning; as, snow-capped, snow-clad,
snow-cold, snow-crowned, snow-crust, snow-fed,
snow-haired, snowlike, snow-mantled, snow-nodding,
snow-wrought, and the like.
2. Fig.: Something white like snow, as the white color
(argent) in heraldry; something which falls in, or as in,
flakes.
The field of snow with eagle of black therein.
--Chaucer.
{Red snow}. See under {Red}.
{Snow bunting}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Snowbird}, 1.
{Snow cock} (Zo["o]l.), the snow pheasant.
{Snow flea} (Zo["o]l.), a small black leaping poduran
({Achorutes nivicola}) often found in winter on the snow
in vast numbers.
{Snow flood}, a flood from melted snow.
{Snow flower} (Bot.), the fringe tree.
{Snow fly}, or {Snow insect} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several
species of neuropterous insects of the genus {Boreus}. The
male has rudimentary wings; the female is wingless. These
insects sometimes appear creeping and leaping on the snow
in great numbers.
{Snow gnat} (Zo["o]l.), any wingless dipterous insect of the
genus {Chionea} found running on snow in winter.
{Snow goose} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of arctic
geese of the genus {Chen}. The common snow goose ({Chen
hyperborea}), common in the Western United States in
winter, is white, with the tips of the wings black and
legs and bill red. Called also {white brant}, {wavey}, and
{Texas goose}. The blue, or blue-winged, snow goose ({C.
c[oe]rulescens}) is varied with grayish brown and bluish
gray, with the wing quills black and the head and upper
part of the neck white. Called also {white head},
{white-headed goose}, and {bald brant}.
{Snow leopard} (Zool.), the ounce.
{Snow line}, lowest limit of perpetual snow. In the Alps this
is at an altitude of 9,000 feet, in the Andes, at the
equator, 16,000 feet.
{Snow mouse} (Zo["o]l.), a European vole ({Arvicola nivalis})
which inhabits the Alps and other high mountains.
{Snow pheasant} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
large, handsome gallinaceous birds of the genus
{Tetraogallus}, native of the lofty mountains of Asia. The
Himalayn snow pheasant ({T. Himalayensis}) in the
best-known species. Called also {snow cock}, and {snow
chukor}.
{Snow partridge}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Partridge}.
{Snow pigeon} (Zo["o]l.), a pigeon ({Columba leuconota})
native of the Himalaya mountains. Its back, neck, and rump
are white, the top of the head and the ear coverts are
black.
{Snow plant} (Bot.), a fleshy parasitic herb ({Sarcodes
sanguinea}) growing in the coniferous forests of
California. It is all of a bright red color, and is fabled
to grow from the snow, through which it sometimes shoots
up.
Snow \Snow\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Snowed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snowing}.]
To fall in or as snow; -- chiefly used impersonally; as, it
snows; it snowed yesterday.
Snow \Snow\, v. t.
To scatter like snow; to cover with, or as with, snow.
--Donne. Shak.
Snowball \Snow"ball`\, n.
1. A round mass of snow pressed or roller together, or
anything resembling such a mass.
2. (Bot.) The Guelder-rose.
{Snowball tree} (Bot.), the Guelder-rose.
Snowball \Snow"ball`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snowballed}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Snowballing}.]
To pelt with snowballs; to throw snowballs at.
Snowball \Snow"ball`\, v. i.
To throw snowballs.
Snowberry \Snow"ber`ry\, n. (Bot.)
A name of several shrubs with white berries; as, the
{Symphoricarpus racemosus} of the Northern United States, and
the {Chiococca racemosa} of Florida and tropical America.
{Creeping snowberry}. (Bot.) See under {Creeping}.
Snowbird \Snow"bird\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An arctic finch ({Plectrophenax, or Plectrophanes,
nivalis}) common, in winter, both in Europe and the
United States, and often appearing in large flocks during
snowstorms. It is partially white, but variously marked
with chestnut and brown. Called also {snow bunting},
{snowflake}, {snowfleck}, and {snowflight}.
(b) Any finch of the genus {Junco} which appears in flocks in
winter time, especially {J. hyemalis} in the Eastern
United States; -- called also {blue snowbird}. See
{Junco}.
(c) The fieldfare. [Prov. Eng.]
Snow-blind \Snow"-blind`\, a.
Affected with blindness by the brilliancy of snow. --
{Snow"-blind`ness}, n.
Snow-bound \Snow"-bound`\, a.
Enveloped in, or confined by, snow. --Whittier.
Snow-broth \Snow"-broth`\, n.
Snow and water mixed, or snow just melted; very cold liquor.
--Shak.
Snowcap \Snow"cap`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A very small humming bird ({Microch[ae]ra albocoronata})
native of New Grenada.
Note: The feathers of the top of the head are white and
snining, the body blue black with a purple and bronzy
luster. The name is applied also to {Microch[ae]ra
parvirostris} of Central America, which is similar in
color.
Snow-capped \Snow"-capped`\, a.
Having the top capped or covered with snow; as, snow-capped
mountains.
Snowdrift \Snow"drift`\, n.
A bank of drifted snow.
Snowdrop \Snow"drop`\, n. (Bot.)
A bulbous plant ({Galanthus nivalis}) bearing white flowers,
which often appear while the snow is on the ground. It is
cultivated in gardens for its beauty.
{Snowdrop tree}. See {Silver-bell tree}, under {Silver}, a.
Snowflake \Snow"flake`\, n.
1. A flake, or small filmy mass, of snow.
2. (Zo["o]l.) See {Snowbird}, 1.
3. (Bot.) A name given to several bulbous plants of the genus
{Leucoium} ({L. vernum}, {[ae]stivum}, etc.) resembling
the snowdrop, but having all the perianth leaves of equal
size.
Snowfleck \Snow"fleck`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Snowbird}, 1.
Snowl \Snowl\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.]
Snowless \Snow"less\, a.
Destitute of snow.
Snowplow \Snow"plow`\, Snowplough \Snow"plough`\, n.
An implement operating like a plow, but on a larger scale,
for clearing away the snow from roads, railways, etc.
Snowshed \Snow"shed\, n.
A shelter to protect from snow, esp. a long roof over an
exposed part of a railroad.
Snowshoe \Snow"shoe`\, n.
A slight frame of wood three or four feet long and about one
third as wide, with thongs or cords stretched across it, and
having a support and holder for the foot; -- used by persons
for walking on soft snow.
Snowshoer \Snow"sho`er\, n.
One who travels on snowshoes; an expert in using snowshoes.
--W. G. Beers.
Snowshoeing \Snow"shoe`ing\, n.
Traveling on snowshoes.
Snowslip \Snow"slip`\, n.
A large mass or avalanche of snow which slips down the side
of a mountain, etc.
Snowstorm \Snow"storm`\, n.
A storm with falling snow.
Snow-white \Snow"-white`\, a.
White as snow; very white. ``Snow-white and rose-red''
--Chaucer.
Snowy \Snow"y\, a.
1. White like snow. ``So shows a snowy dove trooping with
crows.'' --Shak.
2. Abounding with snow; covered with snow. ``The snowy top of
cold Olympus.'' --Milton.
3. Fig.: Pure; unblemished; unstained; spotless.
There did he lose his snowy innocence. --J. Hall
(1646).
{Snowy heron} (Zo["o]l.), a white heron, or egret ({Ardea
candidissima}), found in the Southern United States, and
southward to Chili; -- called also {plume bird}.
{Snowy lemming} (Zo["o]l.), the collared lemming ({Cuniculus
torquatus}), which turns white in winter.
{Snowy owl} (Zo["o]l.), a large arctic owl ({Nyctea
Scandiaca}, or {N. nivea}) common all over the northern
parts of the United States and Europe in winter time. Its
plumage is sometimes nearly pure white, but it is usually
more or less marked with blackish spots. Called also
{white owl}.
{Snowy plover} (Zo["o]l.), a small plover ({[AE]gialitis
nivosa}) of the western parts of the United States and
Mexico. It is light gray above, with the under parts and
portions of the head white.
Snub \Snub\, v. i. [Cf. D. snuiven to snort, to pant, G.
schnauben, MHG. sn[=u]ben, Prov. G. schnupfen, to sob, and E.
snuff, v.t.]
To sob with convulsions. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Snub \Snub\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snubbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snubbing}.] [Cf. Icel. ssnubba to snub, chide, Sw. snubba,
Icel. snubb[=o]ttr snubbed, nipped, and E. snib.]
1. To clip or break off the end of; to check or stunt the
growth of; to nop.
2. To check, stop, or rebuke, with a tart, sarcastic reply or
remark; to reprimand; to check. --J. Foster.
3. To treat with contempt or neglect, as a forward or
pretentious person; to slight designedly.
{To snub a cable} or {rope} (Naut.), to check it suddenly in
running out. --Totten.
Snub \Snub\, n.
1. A knot; a protuberance; a song. [Obs.]
[A club] with ragged snubs and knotty grain.
--Spenser.
2. A check or rebuke; an intended slight. --J. Foster.
{Snub nose}, a short or flat nose.
{Snub post}, or {Snubbing post} (Naut.), a post on a dock or
shore, around which a rope is thrown to check the motion
of a vessel.
Snub-nosed \Snub"-nosed`\, a.
Having a short, flat nose, slightly turned up; as, the
snub-nosed eel.
{Snub-nosed cachalot} (Zo["o]l.), the pygmy sperm whale.
Snudge \Snudge\, v. i. [Cf. {Snug}.]
To lie snug or quiet. [Obs.] --Herbert.
Snudge \Snudge\, n.
A miser; a sneaking fellow. [Obs.]
Snuff \Snuff\, n. [Cf. G. schnuppe candle snuff, schnuppen to
snuff a candle (see {Snuff}, v. t., to snuff a candle), or
cf. {Snub}, v. t.]
The part of a candle wick charred by the flame, whether
burning or not.
If the burning snuff happens to get out of the
snuffers, you have a chance that it may fall into a
dish of soup. --Swift.
Snuff \Snuff\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snuffed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snuffing}.] [OE. snuffen. See {Snuff} of a candle {Snuff} to
sniff.]
To crop the snuff of, as a candle; to take off the end of the
snuff of.
{To snuff out}, to extinguish by snuffing.
Snuff \Snuff\, v. t.[Akin to D. snuffen, G. schnupfen,
schnuppen, to snuff, schnupfen a cold in the head, schnuppen
to snuff (air), also, to snuff (a candle). Cf. {Sniff},
{Snout}, {Snub}, v. i.]
1. To draw in, or to inhale, forcibly through the nose; to
sniff.
He snuffs the wind, his heels the sand excite.
--Dryden.
2. To perceive by the nose; to scent; to smell.
Snuff \Snuff\, v. i.
1. To inhale air through the nose with violence or with
noise, as do dogs and horses. --Dryden.
2. To turn up the nose and inhale air, as an expression of
contempt; hence, to take offense.
Do the enemies of the church rage and snuff? --Bp.
Hall.
Snuff \Snuff\, n.
1. The act of snuffing; perception by snuffing; a sniff.
2. Pulverized tobacco, etc., prepared to be taken into the
nose; also, the amount taken at once.
3. Resentment, displeasure, or contempt, expressed by a
snuffing of the nose. [Obs.]
{Snuff dipping}. See {Dipping}, n., 5.
{Snuff taker}, one who uses snuff by inhaling it through the
nose.
{To take it in snuff}, to be angry or offended. --Shak.
{Up to snuff}, not likely to be imposed upon; knowing; acute.
[Slang]
Snuffbox \Snuff"box`\, n.
A small box for carrying snuff about the person.
Snuffer \Snuff"er\, n.
1. One who snuffs.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The common porpoise.
Snuffers \Snuff"ers\, n. pl.
An instrument for cropping and holding the snuff of a candle.
Snuffingly \Snuff"ing*ly\, adv.
In a snuffing manner.
Snuffle \Snuf"fle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Snuffled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Snuffling}.] [Freq. of snuff, v.i.; akin to LG. snuffeln,
G. schn["u]ffeln, D. snuffeln, Dan. sn["o]vle. Cf.
{Sniffle}.]
To speak through the nose; to breathe through the nose when
it is obstructed, so as to make a broken sound.
One clad in purple Eats, and recites some lamentable
rhyme . . . Snuffling at nose, and croaking in his
throat. --Dryden.
Snuffle \Snuf"fle\, n.
1. The act of snuffing; a sound made by the air passing
through the nose when obstructed.
This dread sovereign, Breath, in its passage, gave a
snort or snuffle. --Coleridge.
2. An affected nasal twang; hence, cant; hypocrisy.
3. pl. Obstruction of the nose by mucus; nasal catarrh of
infants or children. [Colloq.]
Snuffler \Snuf"fler\, n.
One who snuffles; one who uses cant.
Snuffy \Snuff"y\, a.
1. Soiled with snuff.
2. Sulky; angry; vexed. [Obs. or Scot.] --Jamieson.
Snug \Snug\, a. [Compar. {Snugger}; superl. {Snuggest}.] [Prov.
E. snug tight, handsome; cf. Icel. sn["o]ggr smooth, ODan.
sn["o]g neat, Sw. snugg.]
1. Close and warm; as, an infant lies snug.
2. Close; concealed; not exposed to notice.
Lie snug, and hear what critics say. --Swift.
3. Compact, convenient, and comfortable; as, a snug farm,
house, or property.
Snug \Snug\, n. (Mach.)
Same as {Lug}, n., 3.
Snug \Snug\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Snugged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Snugging}.]
To lie close; to snuggle; to snudge; -- often with up, or
together; as, a child snugs up to its mother.
Snug \Snug\, v. t.
1. To place snugly. [R.] --Goldsmith.
2. To rub, as twine or rope, so as to make it smooth and
improve the finish.
Snuggery \Snug"ger*y\, n.; pl. {Snuggeries}.
A snug, cozy place. [Colloq.] --Dickens.
Snuggle \Snug"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Snuggled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Snuggling}.] [Freq. of snug.]
To move one way and the other so as to get a close place; to
lie close for comfort; to cuddle; to nestle.
Snugly \Snug"ly\, adv.
In a snug manner; closely; safely.
Snugness \Snug"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being snug.
Sny \Sny\, n. [Cf. Icel. sn[=u]a to turn.]
An upward bend in a piece of timber; the sheer of a vessel.
Snying \Sny"ing\, n. (Naut.)
A curved plank, placed edgewise, to work in the bows of a
vessel. --R. H. Dana, Jr.
So \So\, adv. [OE. so, sa, swa, AS. sw[=a]; akin to OFries,
s[=a], s?, D. zoo, OS. & OHG. s?, G. so, Icel. sv[=a], sv?,
svo, so, Sw. s?, Dan. saa, Goth. swa so, sw? as; cf. L. suus
one's own, Skr. sva one's own, one's self. [root]192. Cf. As,
{Custom}, {Ethic}, {Idiom}, {Such}.]
1. In that manner or degree; as, indicated (in any way), or
as implied, or as supposed to be known.
Why is his chariot so long in coming? --Judges v.
28.
2. In like manner or degree; in the same way; thus; for like
reason; whith equal reason; -- used correlatively,
following as, to denote comparison or resemblance;
sometimes, also, following inasmuch as.
As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so
a prince ought to consider the condition he is in.
--Swift.
3. In such manner; to such degree; -- used correlatively with
as or that following; as, he was so fortunate as to
escape.
I viewed in may mind, so far as I was able, the
beginning and progress of a rising world. --T.
Burnet.
He is very much in Sir Roger's esteem, so that he
lives in the family rather as a relation than
dependent. --Addison.
4. Very; in a high degree; that is, in such a degree as can
not well be expressed; as, he is so good; he planned so
wisely.
5. In the same manner; as has been stated or suggested; in
this or that condition or state; under these
circumstances; in this way; -- with reflex reference to
something just asserted or implied; used also with the
verb to be, as a predicate.
Use him [your tutor] with great respect yourself,
and cause all your family to do so too. --Locke.
It concerns every man, with the greatest
seriousness, to inquire into those matters, whether
they be so or not. --Tillotson.
He is Sir Robert's son, and so art thou. --Shak.
6. The case being such; therefore; on this account; for this
reason; on these terms; -- used both as an adverb and a
conjuction.
God makes him in his own image an intellectual
creature, and so capable of dominion. --Locke.
Here, then, exchange we mutually forgiveness; So may
the guilt of all my broken vows, My perjuries to
thee, be all forgotten. --Rowe.
7. It is well; let it be as it is, or let it come to pass; --
used to express assent.
And when 't is writ, for my sake read it over, And
if it please you, so; if not, why, so. --Shak.
There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor,
so; if not, let him kill the next Percy himself.
--Shak.
8. Well; the fact being as stated; -- used as an expletive;
as, so the work is done, is it?
9. Is it thus? do you mean what you say? -- with an upward
tone; as, do you say he refuses? So? [Colloq.]
10. About the number, time, or quantity specified;
thereabouts; more or less; as, I will spend a week or so
in the country; I have read only a page or so.
A week or so will probably reconcile us. --Gay.
Note: See the Note under {Ill}, adv.
{So} . . . {as}. So is now commonly used as a demonstrative
correlative of as when it is the puprpose to emphasize the
equality or comparison suggested, esp. in negative
assertions, and questions implying a negative answer. By
Shakespeare and others so . . . as was much used where as
. . . as is now common. See the Note under {As}, 1.
So do, as thou hast said. --Gen. xviii.
5.
As a flower of the field, so he flourisheth. --Ps.
ciii. 15.
Had woman been so strong as men. --Shak.
No country suffered so much as England. --Macaulay.
{So far}, to that point or extent; in that particular. ``The
song was moral, and so far was right.'' --Cowper.
{So far forth}, as far; to such a degree. --Shak. --Bacon.
{So forth}, further in the same or similar manner; more of
the same or a similar kind. See {And so forth}, under
{And}.
{So, so}, well, well. ``So, so, it works; now, mistress, sit
you fast.'' --Dryden. Also, moderately or tolerably well;
passably; as, he succeeded but so so. ``His leg is but so
so.'' --Shak.
{So that}, to the end that; in order that; with the effect or
result that.
{So then}, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is.
So \So\, conj.
Provided that; on condition that; in case that; if.
Though all the winds of doctrine were let loose play upon
the earth, so truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by
licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength.
--Milton.
So \So\, interj.
Be as you are; stand still; stop; that will do; right as you
are; -- a word used esp. to cows; also used by sailors.
Soak \Soak\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Soaked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Soaking}.] [OE. soken, AS. socian to sioak, steep, fr.
s?can, s?gan, to suck. See {Suck}.]
1. To cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance
has imbibed what it can contain; to macerate in water or
other liquid; to steep, as for the purpose of softening or
freshening; as, to soak cloth; to soak bread; to soak salt
meat, salt fish, or the like.
2. To drench; to wet thoroughly.
Their land shall be soaked with blood. --Isa. xxiv.
7.
3. To draw in by the pores, or through small passages; as, a
sponge soaks up water; the skin soaks in moisture.
4. To make (its way) by entering pores or interstices; --
often with through.
The rivulet beneath soaked its way obscurely through
wreaths of snow. --Sir W.
Scott.
5. Fig.: To absorb; to drain. [Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Soak \Soak\, v. i.
1. To lie steeping in water or other liquid; to become
sturated; as, let the cloth lie and soak.
2. To enter (into something) by pores or interstices; as,
water soaks into the earth or other porous matter.
3. To drink intemperately or gluttonously. [Slang]
Soakage \Soak"age\, n.
The act of soaking, or the state of being soaked; also, the
quantity that enters or issues by soaking.
Soaker \Soak"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, soaks.
2. A hard drinker. [Slang] --South.
Soaking \Soak"ing\, a.
Wetting thoroughly; drenching; as, a soaking rain. --
{Soak"ing*ly}, adv.
Soaky \Soak"y\, a.
Full of moisture; wet; soppy.
Soal \Soal\, n.
1. The sole of a shoe. [Obs. or R.]
2. (Zo["o]l.) See {Sole}, the fish. [Obs.]
Soal \Soal\, n. [AS. sol mire. Cf. {Sully}.]
A dirty pond. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Soam \Soam\, n.
A chain by which a leading horse draws a plow. --Knight.
Soap \Soap\, n. [OE. sope, AS. s[=a]pe; akin to D. zeep, G.
seife, OHG. seifa, Icel. s[=a]pa, Sw. s?pa, Dan. s?be, and
perhaps to AS. s[=i]pan to drip, MHG. s[=i]fen, and L. sebum
tallow. Cf. {Saponaceous}.]
A substance which dissolves in water, thus forming a lather,
and is used as a cleansing agent. Soap is produced by
combining fats or oils with alkalies or alkaline earths,
usually by boiling, and consists of salts of sodium,
potassium, etc., with the fatty acids (oleic, stearic,
palmitic, etc.). See the Note below, and cf.
{Saponification}. By extension, any compound of similar
composition or properties, whether used as a cleaning agent
or not.
Note: In general, soaps are of two classes, hard and soft.
Calcium, magnesium, lead, etc., form soaps, but they
are insoluble and useless.
The purifying action of soap depends upon the
fact that it is decomposed by a large quantity of
water into free alkali and an insoluble acid
salt. The first of these takes away the fatty
dirt on washing, and the latter forms the soap
lather which envelops the greasy matter and thus
tends to remove it. --Roscoe &
Schorlemmer.
{Castile soap}, a fine-grained hard soap, white or mottled,
made of olive oil and soda; -- called also {Marseilles, or
Venetian, soap}.
{Hard soap}, any one of a great variety of soaps, of
different ingredients and color, which are hard and
compact. All solid soaps are of this class.
{Lead soap}, an insoluble, white, pliable soap made by
saponifying an oil (olive oil) with lead oxide; -- used
externally in medicine. Called also {lead plaster},
{diachylon}, etc.
{Marine soap}. See under {Marine}.
{Pills of soap} (Med.), pills containing soap and opium.
{Potash soap}, any soap made with potash, esp. the soft
soaps, and a hard soap made from potash and castor oil.
{Pumice soap}, any hard soap charged with a gritty powder, as
silica, alumina, powdered pumice, etc., which assists
mechanically in the removal of dirt.
{Resin soap}, a yellow soap containing resin, -- used in
bleaching.
{Silicated soap}, a cheap soap containing water glass (sodium
silicate).
{Soap bark}. (Bot.) See {Quillaia bark}.
{Soap bubble}, a hollow iridescent globe, formed by blowing a
film of soap suds from a pipe; figuratively, something
attractive, but extremely unsubstantial.
This soap bubble of the metaphysicians. --J. C.
Shairp.
{Soap cerate}, a cerate formed of soap, olive oil, white wax,
and the subacetate of lead, sometimes used as an
application to allay inflammation.
{Soap fat}, the refuse fat of kitchens, slaughter houses,
etc., used in making soap.
{Soap liniment} (Med.), a liniment containing soap, camphor,
and alcohol.
{Soap nut}, the hard kernel or seed of the fruit of the
soapberry tree, -- used for making beads, buttons, etc.
{Soap plant} (Bot.), one of several plants used in the place
of soap, as the {Chlorogalum pomeridianum}, a California
plant, the bulb of which, when stripped of its husk and
rubbed on wet clothes, makes a thick lather, and smells
not unlike new brown soap. It is called also {soap apple},
{soap bulb}, and {soap weed}.
{Soap tree}. (Bot.) Same as {Soapberry tree}.
{Soda soap}, a soap containing a sodium salt. The soda soaps
are all hard soaps.
{Soft soap}, a soap of a gray or brownish yellow color, and
of a slimy, jellylike consistence, made from potash or the
lye from wood ashes. It is strongly alkaline and often
contains glycerin, and is used in scouring wood, in
cleansing linen, in dyehouses, etc. Figuratively,
flattery; wheedling; blarney. [Colloq.]
{Toilet soap}, hard soap for the toilet, usually colored and
perfumed.
Soap \Soap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Soaped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Soaping}.]
1. To rub or wash over with soap.
2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Slang]
Soapberry tree \Soap"ber`ry tree`\ (Bot.)
Any tree of the genus {Sapindus}, esp. {Sapindus saponaria},
the fleshy part of whose fruit is used instead of soap in
washing linen; -- also called {soap tree}.
Soapfish \Soap"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any serranoid fish of the genus {Rhypticus}; -- so called
from the soapy feeling of its skin.
Soapiness \Soap"i*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being soapy.
Soaproot \Soap"root`\, n. (Bot.)
A perennial herb ({Gypsophila Struthium}) the root of which
is used in Spain as a substitute for soap.
Soapstone \Soap"stone`\, n.
See {Steatite}, and {Talc}.
Soapsuds \Soap"suds`\, n. pl.
Suds made with soap.
Soapwort \Soap"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A common plant ({Saponaria officinalis}) of the Pink family;
-- so called because its bruised leaves, when agitated in
water, produce a lather like that from soap. Called also
{Bouncing Bet}.
Soapy \Soap"y\, a. [Compar. {Soapier}; superl. {Soapiest}.]
1. Resembling soap; having the qualities of, or feeling like,
soap; soft and smooth.
2. Smeared with soap; covered with soap.
Soar \Soar\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Soared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Soaring}.] [F. s'essorer to soar, essorer to dry (by
exposing to the air), fr. L. ex out + aura the air, a breeze;
akin to Gr. ?????.]
1. To fly aloft, as a bird; to mount upward on wings, or as
on wings. --Chaucer.
When soars Gaul's vulture with his wings unfurled.
--Byron.
2. Fig.: To rise in thought, spirits, or imagination; to be
exalted in mood.
Where the deep transported mind may soar. --Milton.
Valor soars above What the world calls misfortune.
--Addison.
Soar \Soar\, n.
The act of soaring; upward flight.
This apparent soar of the hooded falcon. --Coleridge.
Soar \Soar\, a.
See 3d {Sore}. [Obs.]
Soar \Soar\, a.
See {Sore}, reddish brown.
{Soar falcon}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Sore falcon}, under {Sore}.
Soaring \Soar"ing\,
a. & n. from {Soar}. -- {Soar"ing*ly}, adv.
Soave \So*a"ve\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
Sweet.
Soavemente \So*a`ve*men"te\, adv. [It.] (Mus.)
Sweetly.
Sob \Sob\, v. t. [See {Sop}.]
To soak. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Sob \Sob\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sobbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sobbing}.] [OE. sobben; akin to AS. se['o]fian, si['o]fian,
to complain, bewail, se['o]fung, si['o]fung, sobbing,
lamentation; cf. OHG. s?ft["o]n, s?ft?n, to sigh, MHG.
siuften, siufzen, G. seufzen, MHG. s?ft a sigh, properly, a
drawing in of breath, from s?fen to drink, OHG. s?fan. Cf.
{Sup}.]
To sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or with a kind
of convulsive motion; to sigh with tears, and with a
convulsive drawing in of the breath.
Sobbing is the same thing [as sighing], stronger.
--Bacon.
She sighed, she sobbed, and, furious with despair. She
rent her garments, and she tore her hair. --Dryden.
Sob \Sob\, n.
1. The act of sobbing; a convulsive sigh, or inspiration of
the breath, as in sorrow.
Break, heart, or choke with sobs my hated breath.
--Dryden.
2. Any sorrowful cry or sound.
The tremulous sob of the complaining owl.
--Wordsworth.
Sobbing \Sob"bing\, n.
A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being
suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the
lungs.
Sober \Sober\, a. [Compar. {Soberer}; superl. {Soberest}.] [OE.
sobre, F. sobre, from L. sobrius, probably from a prefix so-
expressing separation + ebrius drunken. Cf. {Ebriety}.]
1. Temperate in the use of spirituous liquors; habitually
temperate; as, a sober man.
That we may hereafter live a godly, righteous, and
sober life, to the glory of Thy holy name. --Bk. of
Com. Prayer.
2. Not intoxicated or excited by spirituous liquors; as, the
sot may at times be sober.
3. Not mad or insane; not wild, visionary, or heated with
passion; exercising cool, dispassionate reason;
self-controlled; self-possessed.
There was not a sober person to be had; all was
tempestuous and blustering. --Druden.
No sober man would put himself into danger for the
applause of escaping without breaking his neck.
--Dryden.
4. Not proceeding from, or attended with, passion; calm; as,
sober judgment; a man in his sober senses.
5. Serious or subdued in demeanor, habit, appearance, or
color; solemn; grave; sedate.
What parts gay France from sober Spain? --Prior.
See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed
baby. --Pope.
Twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things
clad. --Milton.
Syn: Grave; temperate; abstinent; abstemious; moderate;
regular; steady; calm; quiet; cool; collected;
dispassionate; unimpassioned; sedate; staid; serious;
solemn; somber. See {Grave}.
Sober \So"ber\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sobered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sobering}.]
To make sober.
There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And
drinking largely sobers us again. --Pope.
Sober \So"ber\, v. i.
To become sober; -- often with down.
Vance gradually sobered down. --Ld. Lytton.
Soberize \So"ber*ize\, v. t. & i.
To sober. [R.] --Crabbe.
Soberly \So"ber*ly\, adv.
In a sober manner; temperately; cooly; calmly; gravely;
seriously.
Soberly \So"ber*ly\, a.
Grave; serious; solemn; sad. [Obs.]
[He] looked hollow and thereto soberly. --Chaucer.
Sober-minded \So"ber-mind`ed\, a.
Having a disposition or temper habitually sober. --
{So"ber-mind`ed*ness}, n.
Soberness \So"ber*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sober.
Soboles \Sob"o*les\, n. [L., a short.] (Bot.)
(a) A shoot running along under ground, forming new plants at
short distances.
(b) A sucker, as of tree or shrub.
Soboliferous \Sob`o*lif"er*ous\, a. [L. soboles + -ferous.]
(Bot.)
Producing soboles. See Illust. of {Houseleek}.
Sobriety \So*bri"e*ty\, n. [L. sobrietas: cf. F. sobri['e]t['e].
See {Sober}.]
1. Habitual soberness or temperance as to the use of
spirituous liquors; as, a man of sobriety.
Public sobriety is a relative duty. --Blackstone.
2. Habitual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate passion, or
overheated imagination; calmness; coolness; gravity;
seriousness; as, the sobriety of riper years.
Mirth makes them not mad, Nor sobriety sad.
--Denham.
Syn: Soberness; temperance; abstinence; abstemiousness;
moderation; regularity; steadness; calmness; coolness;
sober-mindeness; sedateness; staidness; gravity;
seriousness; solemnity.
Sobriquet \So`bri`quet"\ (s[-o]`br[-e]`k[asl]"), n.[F.
sobriquet, OF. soubzbriquet, soubriquet, a chuck under the
chin, hence, an affront, a nickname; of uncertain origin; cf.
It. sottobecco a chuck under the chin.]
An assumed name; a fanciful epithet or appellation; a
nickname. [Sometimes less correctly written {soubriquet}.]
Soc \Soc\ (s[o^]k), n. [AS. s[=o]c the power of holding court,
sway, domain, properly, the right of investigating or
seeking; akin to E. sake, seek. {Sake}, {Seek}, and cf.
{Sac}, and {Soke}.] [Written also {sock}, and {soke}.]
1. (O. Eng. Law)
(a) The lord's power or privilege of holding a court in a
district, as in manor or lordship; jurisdiction of
causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction.
(b) Liberty or privilege of tenants excused from customary
burdens.
2. An exclusive privilege formerly claimed by millers of
grinding all the corn used within the manor or township
which the mill stands. [Eng.]
{Soc and sac} (O. Eng. Law), the full right of administering
justice in a manor or lordship.
Socage \Soc"age\, n.[From {Soc}; cf. LL. socagium.] (O.Eng. Law)
A tenure of lands and tenements by a certain or determinate
service; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight's service,
in which the obligations were uncertain. The service must be
certain, in order to be denominated socage, as to hold by
fealty and twenty shillings rent. [Written also {soccage}.]
Note: Socage is of two kinds; {free socage}, where the
services are not only certain, but honorable; and
{villein socage}, where the services, though certain,
are of a baser nature. --Blackstone.
Socager \Soc"a*ger\, n. (O. Eng. Law)
A tennant by socage; a socman.
So-called \So"-called`\, a.
So named; called by such a name (but perhaps called thus with
doubtful propriety).
Sociability \So`cia*bil"i*ty\, n.[Cf. F. sociabilit['e].]
The quality of being sociable; sociableness.
SSociable \SSo"cia*ble\, a.[F., fr. L. sociabilis, fr. sociare
to associate, fr. socius a companion. See {Social}.]
1. Capable of being, or fit to be, united in one body or
company; associable. [R.]
They are sociable parts united into one body.
--Hooker.
2. Inclined to, or adapted for, society; ready to unite with
others; fond of companions; social.
Society is no comfort to one not sociable. --Shak.
What can be uneasy to this sociable creature than
the dry, pensive retirements of solitude? --South.
3. Ready to converse; inclined to talk with others; not
taciturn or reserved.
4. Affording opportunites for conversation; characterized by
much conversation; as, a sociable party.
5. No longer hostile; friendly. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
{Sociable bird}, or {Sociable weaver} (Zo["o]l.), a weaver
bird which builds composite nests. See {Republican}, n.,
3.
(b) .
Syn: Social; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar;
communicative; accessible.
Sociable \So"cia*ble\, n.
1. A gathering of people for social purposes; an informal
party or reception; as, a church sociable. [Colloq. U. S.]
2. A carriage having two double seats facing each other, and
a box for the driver. --Miss Edgeworth.
Sociableness \So"cia*ble*ness\, n.
The quality of being sociable.
Sociably \So"cia*bly\, adv.
In a sociable manner.
Social \So"cial\, a. [L. socialis, from socius a companion; akin
to sequi to follow: cf. F. social. See {Sue} to follow.]
1. Of or pertaining to society; relating to men living in
society, or to the public as an aggregate body; as, social
interest or concerns; social pleasure; social benefits;
social happiness; social duties. ``Social phenomena.''
--J. S. Mill.
2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly converse;
companionable; sociable; as, a social person.
3. Consisting in union or mutual intercourse.
Best with thyself accompanied, seek'st not Social
communication. --Milton.
4. (Bot.) Naturally growing in groups or masses; -- said of
many individual plants of the same species.
5. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Living in communities consisting of males, females,
and neuters, as do ants and most bees.
(b) Forming compound groups or colonies by budding from
basal processes or stolons; as, the social ascidians.
{Social science}, the science of all that relates to the
social condition, the relations and institutions which are
involved in man's existence and his well-being as a member
of an organized community; sociology. It concerns itself
with questions of the public health, education, labor,
punishment of crime, reformation of criminals, and the
like.
{Social whale} (Zo["o]l.), the blackfish.
{The social evil}, prostitution.
Syn: Sociable; companionable; conversible; friendly;
familiar; communicative; convival; festive.
Socialism \So"cial*ism\, n. [Cf. F. socialisme.]
A theory or system of social reform which contemplates a
complete reconstruction of society, with a more just and
equitable distribution of property and labor. In popular
usage, the term is often employed to indicate any lawless,
revolutionary social scheme. See {Communism}, {Fourierism},
{Saint-Simonianism}, forms of socialism.
[Socialism] was first applied in England to Owen's
theory of social reconstruction, and in France to those
also of St. Simon and Fourier . . . The word, however,
is used with a great variety of meaning, . . . even by
economists and learned critics. The general tendency is
to regard as socialistic any interference undertaken by
society on behalf of the poor, . . . radical social
reform which disturbs the present system of private
property . . . The tendency of the present socialism is
more and more to ally itself with the most advanced
democracy. --Encyc. Brit.
We certainly want a true history of socialism, meaning
by that a history of every systematic attempt to
provide a new social existence for the mass of the
workers. --F. Harrison.
Socialist \So"cial*ist\, n. [Cf. F. socialiste.]
One who advocates or practices the doctrines of socialism.
Socialist \So"cial*ist\, Socialistic \So`cial*is"tic\, a.
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, socialism.
Sociality \So`ci*al"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. socialist['e], L.
socialitas.]
The quality of being social; socialness.
Socialize \So"cial*ize\, v. t.
1. To render social.
2. To subject to, or regulate by, socialism.
Socially \So"cial*ly\, adv.
In a social manner; sociably.
Socialness \So"cial*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being social.
Sociate \So"ci*ate\, a. [L. sociatus, p. p. of sociare to
associate, fr. socius companion.]
Associated. [Obs.]
Sociate \So"ci*ate\, n.
An associate. [Obs.]
As for you, Dr. Reynolds, and your sociates. --Fuller.
Sociate \So"ci*ate\, v. i.
To associate. [Obs.] --Shelford.
Societarian \So*ci`e*ta"ri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to society; social.
The all-sweeping besom of societarian reformation.
--Lamb.
Societary \So*ci"e*ta*ry\, a.
Societarian. [R.]
Society \So*ci"e*ty\, n.; pl. {Societies}. [L. societas, fr.
socius a companion: cf. F. soci['e]t['e]. See {Social}.]
1. The relationship of men to one another when associated in
any way; companionship; fellowship; company. ``Her loved
society.'' --Milton.
There is society where none intrudes By the deep
sea, and music in its roar. --Byron.
2. Connection; participation; partnership. [R.]
The meanest of the people and such as have the least
society with the acts and crimes of kings. --Jer.
Taylor.
3. A number of persons associated for any temporary or
permanent object; an association for mutual or joint
usefulness, pleasure, or profit; a social union; a
partnership; as, a missionary society.
4. The persons, collectively considered, who live in any
region or at any period; any community of individuals who
are united together by a common bond of nearness or
intercourse; those who recognize each other as associates,
friends, and acquaintances.
5. Specifically, the more cultivated portion of any community
in its social relations and influences; those who mutually
give receive formal entertainments.
{Society of Jesus}. See {Jesuit}.
{Society verses} [a translation of F. vers de soci['e]t['e]],
the lightest kind of lyrical poetry; verses for the
amusement of polite society.
Socinian \So*cin"i*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Socinus, or the Socinians.
Socinian \So*cin"i*an\, n.
One of the followers of Socinus; a believer in Socinianism.
Socinianism \So*cin"i*an*ism\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
The tenets or doctrines of Faustus Socinus, an Italian
theologian of the sixteenth century, who denied the Trinity,
the deity of Christ, the personality of the Devil, the native
and total depravity of man, the vicarious atonement, and the
eternity of future punishment. His theory was, that Christ
was a man divinely commissioned, who had no existence before
he was conceived by the Virgin Mary; that human sin was the
imitation of Adam's sin, and that human salvation was the
imitation and adoption of Christ's virtue; that the Bible was
to be interpreted by human reason; and that its language was
metaphorical, and not to be taken literally.
Socinianize \So*cin"i*an*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Socinianized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Socinianizing}.]
To cause to conform to Socinianism; to regulate by, or imbue
with, the principles of Socinianism.
Sociologic \So`ci*o*log"ic\, Sociological \So`ci*o*log"ic*al\a.
Of or pertaining to sociology, or social science. --
{So`ci*o*log"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Sociologist \So`ci*ol"o*gist\, n.
One who treats of, or devotes himself to, the study of
sociology. --J. S. Mill.
Sociology \So`ci*ol"o*gy\, n. [L. socius a companion + -logy.]
That branch of philosophy which treats of the constitution,
phenomena, and development of human society; social science.
--H. Spencer.
Sock \Sock\, n. [F. soc, LL. soccus, perhaps of Celtic origin.]
A plowshare. --Edin. Encyc.
Sock \Sock\, n. [OE. sock, AS. socc, fr. L. soccus a kind of
low-heeled, light shoe. Cf. {Sucket}.]
1. The shoe worn by actors of comedy in ancient Greece and
Rome, -- used as a symbol of comedy, or of the comic
drama, as distinguished from tragedy, which is symbolized
by the {buskin}.
Great Fletcher never treads in buskin here, Nor
greater Jonson dares in socks appear. --Dryden.
2. A knit or woven covering for the foot and lower leg; a
stocking with a short leg.
3. A warm inner sole for a shoe. --Simmonds.
Sockdolager \Sock*dol"a*ger\, n. [A corruption of doxology.]
[Written also {sockdologer}.]
1. That which finishes or ends a matter; a settler; a poser,
as a heavy blow, a conclusive answer, and the like.
[Slang, U.S.]
2. (Angling) A combination of two hooks which close upon each
other, by means of a spring, as soon as the fish bites.
[U. S.]
Socket \Sock"et\, n. [OE. soket, a dim. through OF. fr. L.
soccus. See {Sock} a covering for the foot.]
1. An opening into which anything is fitted; any hollow thing
or place which receives and holds something else; as, the
sockets of the teeth.
His eyeballs in their hollow sockets sink. --Dryden.
2. Especially, the hollow tube or place in which a candle is
fixed in the candlestick.
And in the sockets oily bubbles dance. --Dryden.
{Socket bolt} (Mach.), a bolt that passes through a thimble
that is placed between the parts connected by the bolt.
{Socket chisel}. Same as {Framing chisel}. See under
{Framing}.
{Socket pipe}, a pipe with an expansion at one end to receive
the end of a connecting pipe.
{Socket pole}, a pole armed with iron fixed on by means of a
socket, and used to propel boats, etc. [U.S.]
{Socket wrench}, a wrench consisting of a socket at the end
of a shank or rod, for turning a nut, bolthead, etc., in a
narrow or deep recess.
Socketed \Sock"et*ed\, a.
Having a socket. --Dawkins.
Sockless \Sock"less\, a.
Destitute of socks or shoes. --B. & Fl.
Socky \Sock"y\, a.
Wet; soaky. [Prov. Eng.]
Socle \So"cle\, n. [F., fr. L. socculus, dim. of soccus. See
{Sock} a covering for the foot. Cf. {Zocco}.] (Arch.)
(a) A plain block or plinth forming a low pedestal; any base;
especially, the base of a statue, column, or the like.
See {Plinth}.
(b) A plain face or plinth at the lower part of a wall.
--Oxf. Gloss.
Socman \Soc"man\, n.; pl. {Socmen}. [See {Socage}.] (O. Eng.
Law)
One who holds lands or tenements by socage; a socager.
--Cowell.
Socmanry \Soc"man*ry\, n. (O.E. Law)
Tenure by socage.
Socome \Soc"ome\, n. [AS. s[=o]cen, s[=o]cn, searching, or the
right of searching, the lord's court. See {Soc}.] (O.Eng.
Law)
A custom of tenants to grind corn at the lord's mill.
--Cowell.
Socotrine \Soc"o*trine\, a.
Of or pertaining to Socotra, an island in the Indian Ocean,
on the east coast of Africa. -- n. A native or inhabitant of
Socotra.
Socratic \So*crat"ic\, Socratical \So*crat"ic*al\, a. [L.
Socraticus, Gr. ????.]
Of or pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian sage and teacher.
(b. c. 469-399), or to his manner of teaching and
philosophizing.
Note: The Socratic method of reasoning and instruction was by
a series of questions leading the one to whom they were
addressed to perceive and admit what was true or false
in doctrine, or right or wrong in conduct.
Socratically \So*crat"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In the Socratic method.
Socratism \Soc"ra*tism\, n.
The philosophy or the method of Socrates.
Socratist \Soc"ra*tist\, n. [Gr. ????.]
A disciple or follower of Socrates.
Sod \Sod\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The rock dove. [Prov. Eng.]
Sod \Sod\, obs.
imp. of {Seethe}.
Sod \Sod\, n. [Akin to LG. sode, D. zode, OD. sode, soode,
OFries. satha, and E. seethe. So named from its sodden state
in wet weather. See {Seethe}.]
That stratum of the surface of the soil which is filled with
the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface; turf;
sward.
She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet
have ever trod. --Collins.
Sod \Sod\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sodden}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sodding}.]
To cover with sod; to turf.
Soda \So"da\, n. [It., soda, in OIt., ashes used in making
glass, fr. L. solida, fem. of solidus solid; solida having
probably been a name of glasswort. See {Solid}.] (Chem.)
(a) Sodium oxide or hydroxide.
(b) Popularly, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.
{Caustic soda}, sodium hydroxide.
{Cooking soda}, sodium bicarbonate. [Colloq.]
{Sal soda}. See {Sodium carbonate}, under {Sodium}.
{Soda alum} (Min.), a mineral consisting of the hydrous
sulphate of alumina and soda.
{Soda ash}, crude sodium carbonate; -- so called because
formerly obtained from the ashes of sea plants and certain
other plants, as saltwort ({Salsola}). See under {Sodium}.
{Soda fountain}, an apparatus for drawing soda water, fitted
with delivery tube, faucets, etc.
{Soda lye}, a lye consisting essentially of a solution of
sodium hydroxide, used in soap making.
{Soda niter}. See {Nitratine}.
{Soda salts}, salts having sodium for the base; specifically,
sodium sulphate or Glauber's salts.
{Soda waste}, the waste material, consisting chiefly of
calcium hydroxide and sulphide, which accumulates as a
useless residue or side product in the ordinary Leblanc
process of soda manufacture; -- called also {alkali
waste}.
{Soda water}, originally, a beverage consisting of a weak
solution of sodium bicarbonate, with some acid to cause
effervescence; now, in common usage, a beverage consisting
of water highly charged with carbon dioxide (carbonic
acid). Fruit sirups, cream, etc., are usually added to
give flavor. See {Carbonic acid}, under {Carbonic}.
{Washing soda}, sodium carbonate. [Colloq.]
Sodaic \So*da"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or containing, soda. ``Sodaic powder.'' --Ure.
Sodalite \So"da*lite\, n. [Soda + -lite: cf. F. sodalithe.]
(Min.)
A mineral of a white to blue or gray color, occuring commonly
in dodecahedrons, also massive. It is a silicate of alumina
and soda with some chlorine.
Sodality \So*dal"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Sodalities}. [L. sodalitas, fr.
sodalis a comrade.]
1. A fellowship or fraternity; a brotherhood.
2. (R.C.Ch.) Specifically, a lay association for devotion or
for charitable purposes.
Sodamide \Sod*am"ide\, n. (Chem.)
A greenish or reddish crystalline substance, {NaNH2},
obtained by passing ammonia over heated sodium.
Sodden \Sod"den\, a. [p. p. of {Seethe}.]
Boiled; seethed; also, soaked; heavy with moisture;
saturated; as, sodden beef; sodden bread; sodden fields.
Sodden \Sod"den\, v. i.
To be seethed; to become sodden.
Sodden \Sod"den\, v. t.
To soak; to make heavy with water.
Sodden-witted \Sod"den-wit`ted\, a.
Heavy; dull. --Shak.
Soddy \Sod"dy\, a. [From {Sod}.]
Consisting of sod; covered with sod; turfy. --Cotgrave.
Soder \Sod"er\, n. & v. t.
See {Solder}.
Sodic \So"dic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to sodium; containing sodium.
Sodio- \So"di*o-\ (Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the
presence of sodium or one of its compounds.
Sodium \So"di*um\, n. [NL., fr.E. soda.] (Chem.)
A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature
always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc.
It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so
readily oxidized that it combines violently with water, and
to be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar
liquid. Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free
state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals
(as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial
product. Symbol Na (Natrium). Atomic weight 23. Specific
gravity 0.97.
{Sodium amalgam}, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually
produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which
is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise.
{Sodium bicarbonate}, a white crystalline substance,
{HNaCO3}, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of
sodium carbonate. It is found in many mineral springs and
also produced artificially,. It is used in cookery, in
baking powders, and as a source of carbonic acid gas
(carbon dioxide) for soda water. Called also {cooking
soda}, {saleratus}, and technically, {acid sodium
carbonate}, {primary sodium carbonate}, {sodium
dicarbonate}, etc.
{Sodium carbonate}, a white crystalline substance,
{Na2CO3.10H2O}, having a cooling alkaline taste, found in
the ashes of many plants, and produced artifically in
large quantities from common salt. It is used in making
soap, glass, paper, etc., and as alkaline agent in many
chemical industries. Called also {sal soda}, {washing
soda}, or {soda}. Cf. {Sodium bicarbonate}, above and
{Trona}.
{Sodium chloride}, common, or table, salt, {NaCl}.
{Sodium hydroxide}, a white opaque brittle solid, {NaOH},
having a fibrous structure, produced by the action of
quicklime, or of calcium hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium
carbonate. It is a strong alkali, and is used in the
manufacture of soap, in making wood pulp for paper, etc.
Called also {sodium hydrate}, and {caustic soda}. By
extension, a solution of sodium hydroxide.
Sodomite \Sod"om*ite\, n.
1. An inhabitant of Sodom.
2. One guilty of sodomy.
Sodomitical \Sod`om*it"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, sodomy. --
{Sod`om*it"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Sodomy \Sod"om*y\, n. [From Sodom. a country mentioned in the
Bible: cf. F. sodomite.]
Carnal copulation in a manner against nature; buggery. --Gen.
xix. 5.
Soe \Soe\, n. [Scot. sae, say, saye; cf. Icel. s[=a]r a large
cask, Sw. s? a tub.]
A large wooden vessel for holding water; a cowl. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] --Dr. H. More.
Soever \So*ev"er\
A word compounded of so and ever, used in composition with
who, what, where, when, how, etc., and indicating any out of
all possible or supposable persons, things, places, times,
ways, etc. It is sometimes used separate from the pronoun or
adverb.
For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much
required. --Luke xii.
48.
What great thing soever a man proposed to do in his
life, he should think of achieving it by fifty. --Sir
W. Temple.
Sofa \So"fa\, n.; pl. {Sofas}. [Ar. soffah, from saffa to
dispose in order: cf. F. sofa, It. sof[`a].]
A long seat, usually with a cushioned bottom, back, and ends;
-- much used as a comfortable piece of furniture.
Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round. --Cowper.
{Sofa bed}, a sofa so contrived that it may be extended to
form a bed; -- called also {sofa bedstead}.
Soffit \Sof"fit\, n. [It. soffitta, soffitto, fr. soffiggere to
hide, properly, to fix or fasten under, L. suffigere to
fasten beneath or below; sub under, beneath + figere to fix,
faste: cf. F. soffite.] (Arch.)
The under side of the subordinate parts and members of
buildings, such as staircases, entablatures, archways,
cornices, or the like. See Illust. of {Lintel}.
Sofi \So"fi\, n.; pl. {Sofis}.
Same as {Sufi}.
Sofism \So"fism\, n.
Same as {Sufism}.
Soft \Soft\, a. [Compar. {Softer}; superl. {Softest}.] [OE.
softe, AS. s?fte, properly adv. of s?fte, adj.; akin to OS.
s[=a]fto, adv., D. zacht, OHG. samfto, adv., semfti, adj., G.
sanft, LG. sacht; of uncertain origin.]
1. Easily yielding to pressure; easily impressed, molded, or
cut; not firm in resisting; impressible; yielding; also,
malleable; -- opposed to {hard}; as, a soft bed; a soft
peach; soft earth; soft wood or metal.
2. Not rough, rugged, or harsh to the touch; smooth;
delicate; fine; as, soft silk; a soft skin.
They that wear soft clothing are in king's houses.
--Matt. xi. 8.
3. Hence, agreeable to feel, taste, or inhale; not irritating
to the tissues; as, a soft liniment; soft wines. ``The
soft, delicious air.'' --Milton.
4. Not harsh or offensive to the sight; not glaring; pleasing
to the eye; not exciting by intensity of color or violent
contrast; as, soft hues or tints.
The sun, shining upon the upper part of the clouds .
. . made the softest lights imaginable. --Sir T.
Browne.
5. Not harsh or rough in sound; gentle and pleasing to the
ear; flowing; as, soft whispers of music.
Her voice was ever soft, Gentle, and low, -- an
excellent thing in woman. --Shak.
Soft were my numbers; who could take offense?
--Pope.
6. Easily yielding; susceptible to influence; flexible;
gentle; kind.
I would to God my heart were flint, like Edward's;
Or Edward's soft and pitiful, like mine. --Shak.
The meek or soft shall inherit the earth. --Tyndale.
7. Expressing gentleness, tenderness, or the like; mild;
conciliatory; courteous; kind; as, soft eyes.
A soft answer turneth away wrath. --Prov. xv. 1.
A face with gladness overspread, Soft smiles, by
human kindness bred. --Wordsworth.
8. Effeminate; not courageous or manly, weak.
A longing after sensual pleasures is a dissolution
of the spirit of a man, and makes it loose, soft,
and wandering. --Jer. Taylor.
9. Gentle in action or motion; easy.
On her soft axle, white she paces even, And bears
thee soft with the smooth air along. --Milton.
10. Weak in character; impressible.
The deceiver soon found this soft place of Adam's.
--Glanvill.
11. Somewhat weak in intellect. [Colloq.]
He made soft fellows stark noddies, and such as
were foolish quite mad. --Burton.
12. Quiet; undisturbed; paceful; as, soft slumbers.
13. Having, or consisting of, a gentle curve or curves; not
angular or abrupt; as, soft outlines.
14. Not tinged with mineral salts; adapted to decompose soap;
as, soft water is the best for washing.
15. (Phonetics)
(a) Applied to a palatal, a sibilant, or a dental
consonant (as g in gem, c in cent, etc.) as
distinguished from a guttural mute (as g in go, c in
cone, etc.); -- opposed to {hard}.
(b) Belonging to the class of sonant elements as
distinguished from the surd, and considered as
involving less force in utterance; as, b, d, g, z, v,
etc., in contrast with p, t, k, s, f, etc.
{Soft clam} (Zo["o]l.), the common or long clam ({Mya
arenaria}). See {Mya}.
{Soft coal}, bituminous coal, as distinguished from
anthracite, or hard, coal.
{Soft crab} (Zo["o]l.), any crab which has recently shed its
shell.
{Soft dorsal} (Zo["o]l.), the posterior part of the dorsal
fin of fishes when supported by soft rays.
{Soft grass}. (Bot.) See {Velvet grass}.
{Soft money}, paper money, as distinguished from coin, or
hard money. [Colloq. U.S.]
{Soft mute}. (Phonetics) See {Media}.
{Soft palate}. See the Note under {Palate}.
{Soft ray} (Zo["o]l.), a fin ray which is articulated and
usually branched.
{Soft soap}. See under {Soap}.
{Soft-tack}, leavened bread, as distinguished from
{hard-tack}, or {ship bread}.
{Soft tortoise} (Zo["o]l.), any river tortoise of the genus
Trionyx. See {Trionyx}.
Soft \Soft\, n.
A soft or foolish person; an idiot. [Colloq.] --G. Eliot.
Soft \Soft\, adv.
Softly; without roughness or harshness; gently; quietly.
--Chaucer.
A knight soft riding toward them. --Spenser.
Soft \Soft\, interj.
Be quiet; hold; stop; not so fast.
Soft, you; a word or two before you go. --Shak.
Softa \Sof"ta\, n. [Corruption of Per. s?khtah one who burns, is
ardent or zealous.]
Any one attached to a Mohammedan mosque, esp. a student of
the higher branches of theology in a mosque school. [Written
also {sophta}.]
Soften \Sof"ten\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Softened}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Softening}.]
To make soft or more soft. Specifically:
(a) To render less hard; -- said of matter.
Their arrow's point they soften in the flame.
--Gay.
(b) To mollify; to make less fierce or intractable.
Diffidence conciliates the proud, and softens the
severe. --Rambler.
(c) To palliate; to represent as less enormous; as, to soften
a fault.
(d) To compose; to mitigate; to assuage.
Music can soften pain to ease. --Pope.
(e) To make calm and placid.
All that cheers or softens life. --Pope.
(f) To make less harsh, less rude, less offensive, or less
violent, or to render of an opposite quality.
He bore his great commision in his look, But
tempered awe, and softened all he spoke. --Dryden.
(g) To make less glaring; to tone down; as, to soften the
coloring of a picture.
(h) To make tender; to make effeminate; to enervate; as,
troops softened by luxury.
(i) To make less harsh or grating, or of a quality the
opposite; as, to soften the voice.
Soften \Sof"ten\, v. i.
To become soft or softened, or less rude, harsh, severe, or
obdurate.
Softener \Sof"ten*er\, n.
One who, or that which, softens. [Written also, less
properly, softner.]
Softening \Sof"ten*ing\,
a. & n. from {Soften}, v.
{Softening of the brain}, or {Cerebral softening} (Med.), a
localized softening of the brain substance, due to
hemorrhage or inflammation. Three varieties, distinguished
by their color and representing different stages of the
morbid process, are known respectively as red, yellow, and
white, softening.
Soft-finned \Soft"-finned`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the fin rays cartilaginous or flexible; without
spines; -- said of certain fishes.
Soft-headed \Soft"-head`ed\, a.
Weak in intellect.
Soft-hearted \Soft"-heart`ed\, a.
Having softness or tenderness of heart; susceptible of pity
or other kindly affection; gentle; meek. --
{Soft"-heart`ed*ness}, n.
Softish \Soft"ish\, a.
Somewhat soft. --De Witt Clinton.
Softling \Soft"ling\, n.
A soft, effeminate person; a voluptuary. [R.] --Bp. Woolton.
.
Softly \Soft"ly\, adv.
In a soft manner.
Softner \Soft"ner\, n.
See {Softener}.
Softness \Soft"ness\, n. [AS. s?ftness, s?ftnyss.]
The quality or state of being soft; -- opposed to {hardness},
and used in the various specific senses of the adjective.
Soft-shell \Soft"-shell`\, Soft-shelled \Soft"-shelled`\, a.
Having a soft or fragile shell.
{Soft-shell clam} (Zo["o]l.), the long clam. See {Mya}.
{Soft-shelled crab}. (Zo["o]l.) See the Note under {Crab}, 1.
{Soft-shelled turtle}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Soft tortoise},
under {Soft}.
Soft-spoken \Soft"-spo`ken\, a.
Speaking softly; having a mild or gentle voice; hence, mild;
affable.
Sogginess \Sog"gi*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being soggy; soddenness; wetness.
Soggy \Sog"gy\, a. [Compar. {Soggier}; superl. {Soggiest}.] [Cf.
Icel. s["o]ggr damp, wet, or E. soak.]
Filled with water; soft with moisture; sodden; soaked; wet;
as, soggy land or timber.
Soho \So*ho"\, interj.
Ho; -- a word used in calling from a distant place; a
sportsman's halloo. --Shak.
Soi-disant \Soi`-di`sant"\, a. [F.]
Calling himself; self-styled; pretended; would-be.
Soil \Soil\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Soiled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Soiling}.] [OF. saoler, saouler, to satiate, F. so[^u]ler,
L. satullare, fr. satullus, dim. of satur sated. See
{Satire}.]
To feed, as cattle or horses, in the barn or an inclosure,
with fresh grass or green food cut for them, instead of
sending them out to pasture; hence (such food having the
effect of purging them), to purge by feeding on green food;
as, to soil a horse.
Soil \Soil\, n. [OE. soile, F. sol, fr. L. solum bottom, soil;
but the word has probably been influenced in form by soil a
miry place. Cf. {Saloon}, {Soil} a miry place, {Sole} of the
foot.]
1. The upper stratum of the earth; the mold, or that compound
substance which furnishes nutriment to plants, or which is
particularly adapted to support and nourish them.
2. Land; country.
Must I thus leave thee, Paradise? thus leave Thee,
native soil? --Milton.
3. Dung; f[ae]ces; compost; manure; as, night soil.
Improve land by dung and other sort of soils.
--Mortimer.
{Soil pipe}, a pipe or drain for carrying off night soil.
Soil \Soil\, v. t.
To enrich with soil or muck; to manure.
Men . . . soil their ground, not that they love the
dirt, but that they expect a crop. --South.
Soil \Soil\, n. [OF. soil, souil, F. souille, from OF. soillier,
F. souiller. See {Soil} to make dirty.]
A marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for
refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought
for by other game, as deer.
As deer, being stuck, fly through many soils, Yet still
the shaft sticks fast. --Marston.
{To take soil}, to run into the mire or water; hence, to take
refuge or shelter.
O, sir, have you taken soil here? It is well a man
may reach you after three hours' running. --B.
Jonson.
Soil \Soil\, v. t.[OE. soilen, OF. soillier, F. souiller,
(assumed) LL. suculare, fr. L. sucula a little pig, dim. of
sus a swine. See {Sow}, n.]
1. To make dirty or unclean on the surface; to foul; to
dirty; to defile; as, to soil a garment with dust.
Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained.
--Milton.
2. To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to tarnish;
to sully. --Shak.
Syn: To foul; dirt; dirty; begrime; bemire; bespatter;
besmear; daub; bedaub; stain; tarnish; sully; defile;
pollute.
Soil \Soil\, v. i.
To become soiled; as, light colors soil sooner than dark
ones.
Soil \Soil\, n. [See {Soil} to make dirty, {Soil} a miry place.]
That which soils or pollutes; a soiled place; spot; stain.
A lady's honor . . . will not bear a soil. --Dryden.
Soiliness \Soil"i*ness\, n.
Stain; foulness. [R.] --Bacon.
Soilless \Soil"less\, a.
Destitute of soil or mold.
Soilure \Soil"ure\, n. [OF. soillure, F. souillure. See {Soil}
to make dirty.]
Stain; pollution. --Shak.
Then fearing rust or soilure, fashioned for it A case
of silk. --Tennyson.
Soily \Soil"y\, a.
Dirty; soiled. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Soiree \Soi`ree"\, n. [F., fr. soir evening, fr. L. serus late,
serum late time. Cf. {Serenade}.]
An evening party; -- distinguished from levee, and
matin['e]e.
Soja \So"ja\ (s[=o]"j[.a] or s[=o]"y[.a]), n. (Bot.)
An Asiatic leguminous herb ({Glycine Soja}) the seeds of
which are used in preparing the sauce called soy.
Sojourn \So"journ\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sojourned}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sojourning}.] [OE. sojornen, sojournen, OF. sojorner,
sejorner, F. s['e]journer, fr. L. sub under, about + diurnus
belonging to the day. See {Journal}, {Diurnal}.]
To dwell for a time; to dwell or live in a place as a
temporary resident or as a stranger, not considering the
place as a permanent habitation; to delay; to tarry.
Abram went down into Egypt to sojourn there. --Gen.
xii. 30.
Home he goeth, he might not longer sojourn. --Chaucer.
The soldiers first assembled at Newcastle, and there
sojourned three days. --Hayward.
Sojourn \So"journ\, n. [Cf. OF. sujurn, sujur, sejor, F.
s['e]jour. See {Sojourn}, v. i.]
A temporary residence, as that of a traveler in a foreign
land.
Though long detained In that obscure sojourn. --Milton.
Sojourner \So"journ*er\, n.
One who sojourns.
We are strangers before thee, and sojourners. --1.
Chron. xxix.
15.
Sojourning \So"journ*ing\, n.
The act or state of one who sojourns.
Sojournment \So"journ*ment\, n.
Temporary residence, as that of a stranger or a traveler.
[R.]
Soke \Soke\, n.
1. (Eng. Law) See {Soc}.
2. One of the small territorial divisions into which
Lincolnshire, England, is divided.
Sokeman \Soke"man\, n.
See {Socman}.
Sokemanry \Soke"man*ry\, n.
See {Socmanry}.
Soken \Sok"en\, n. [Cf. {Socome}.]
1. A toll. See {Soc}, n., 2. [Obs.]
Great sooken had this miller, out of doubt.
--Chaucer.
2. A district held by socage.
Soko \So"ko\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An African anthropoid ape, supposed to be a variety of the
chimpanzee.
Sol \Sol\, n. [L.]
1. The sun.
2. (Alchem.) Gold; -- so called from its brilliancy, color,
and value. --Chaucer.
Sol \Sol\, n. [It.] (Mus.)
(a) A syllable applied in solmization to the note G, or to
the fifth tone of any diatonic scale.
(b) The tone itself.
Sol \Sol\, n. [See {Sou}.]
1. A sou.
2. A silver and gold coin of Peru. The silver sol is the unit
of value, and is worth about 68 cents.
Sola \So"la\, a. [L., fem. of solus.]
See {Solus}.
Sola \So"la\, n. [Native name.] (Bot.)
A leguminous plant ({[AE]schynomene aspera}) growing in moist
places in Southern India and the East Indies. Its pithlike
stem is used for making hats, swimming-jackets, etc. [Written
also {solah}, {shola}.]
Solace \Sol"ace\, n. [OF. solas, ssoulaz, L. solacium, solatium,
fr. solari to comfort, console. Cf. {Console}, v. t.]
1. Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also,
that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or
consoles; relief.
In business of mirth and of solace. --Chaucer.
The proper solaces of age are not music and
compliments, but wisdom and devotion. --Rambler.
2. Rest; relaxation; ease. [Obs.]
To make his steed some solace. --Chaucer.
Syn: Comfort; consolation; alleviation; relief.
Solace \Sol"ace\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Solaced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Solacing}.] [OF. solacier, soulacier, F. solacier, LL.
solatiare. See {Solace}, n.]
1. To cheer in grief or under calamity; to comfort; to
relieve in affliction, solitude, or discomfort; to
console; -- applied to persons; as, to solace one with the
hope of future reward.
2. To allay; to assuage; to soothe; as, to solace grief.
Syn: To comfort; assuage; allay. See {Comfort}.
Solace \Sol"ace\, v. i.
To take comfort; to be cheered. --Shak.
Solacement \Sol"ace*ment\, n.
The act of solacing, or the state of being solaced; also,
that which solaces. [R.]
Solacious \So*la"cious\, a. [Cf. OF. solacieux.]
Affording solace; as, a solacious voice. [Obs.] --Bale.
Solanaceous \Sol`a*na"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to plants of the natural order
{Solanace[ae]}, of which the nightshade ({Solanum}) is the
type. The order includes also the tobacco, ground cherry,
tomato, eggplant, red pepper, and many more.
Soland \So"land\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A solan goose.
Solander \So*lan"der\, n.
See {Sallenders}.
Solan goose \So"lan goose`\ [Icel. s?la; akin to Norw. sula.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The common gannet.
Solania \So*la"ni*a\, n. [NL.] (Chem.)
Solanine.
Solanicine \So*lan"i*cine\, n. [See {Solanine}.] (Chem.)
An alkaloid produced by the action of hydrochloric acid on
solanidine, as a tasteless yellow crystalline substance.
Solanidine \So*lan"i*dine\, n. [See {Solanine}.] (Chem.)
An alkaloid produced by the decomposition of solanine, as a
white crystalline substance having a harsh bitter taste.
Solanine \Sol"a*nine\, n. [L. solanum nightshade.] (Chem.)
A poisonous alkaloid glucoside extracted from the berries of
common nightshade ({Solanum nigrum}), and of bittersweet, and
from potato sprouts, as a white crystalline substance having
an acrid, burning taste; -- called also {solonia}, and
{solanina}.
Solano \So*la"no\, [Sp., fr. L. solanus (sc. ventus), from sol
the sun.]
A hot, oppressive wind which sometimes blows in the
Mediterranean, particularly on the eastern coast of Spain.
Solanoid \Sol"a*noid\, a. [Solanum + -oid.] (Med.)
Resembling a potato; -- said of a kind of cancer.
Solanum \So*la"num\, n. [L., nightshade.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants comprehending the potato ({S. tuberosum}),
the eggplant ({S. melongena}, and several hundred other
species; nightshade.
Solar \So"lar\, n. [OE. soler, AS. solere, L. solarium, from sol
the sun. See {Solar}, a.]
A loft or upper chamber; a garret room. [Obs.] [Written also
{soler}, {solere}, {sollar}.] --Oxf. Gloss.
Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. {Parasol}.
{Sun}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See {Solar system}, below.
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
{Solar cycle}. See under {Cycle}.
{Solar day}. See {Day}, 2.
{Solar engine}, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
{Solar flowers} (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
{Solar lamp}, an argand lamp.
{Solar microscope}, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
{Solar month}. See under {Month}.
{Solar oil}, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
{Solar phosphori} (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
{Solar plexus} (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
{Solar spots}. See {Sun spots}, under {Sun}.
{Solar system} (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see {Moon}.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables: -- I. -- Major
Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean distance -- that of the Earth
being unity.Period in days.Eccentricity.Inclination of
orbit.Diameter in miles ????????????????????? II. --
Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest distance from sun.Least
distance from sun.Inclination of orbit.Perihelion
passage. [deg] [min] 54 Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2
?????????????????????
{Solar telegraph}, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
{Solar time}. See {Apparent time}, under {Time}.
Solarium \So*la"ri*um\, n.; pl. {Solaria}. [L. See {Solar}, n.]
1. An apartment freely exposed to the sun; anciently, an
apartment or inclosure on the roof of a house; in modern
times, an apartment in a hospital, used as a resort for
convalescents.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of handsome marine
spiral shells of the genus {Solarium} and allied genera.
The shell is conical, and usually has a large, deep
umbilicus exposing the upper whorls. Called also
{perspective shell}.
Solarization \So`lar*i*za"tion\, n. (Photog.)
Injury of a photographic picture caused by exposing it for
too long a time to the sun's light in the camera; burning;
excessive insolation.
Solarize \So"lar*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Solarized}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Solarizing}.] (Photog.)
To injure by too long exposure to the light of the sun in the
camera; to burn.
Solarize \So"lar*ize\, v. i. (Photog.)
To become injured by undue or too long exposure to the sun's
rays in the camera.
Solary \So"la*ry\, a.
Solar. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Solas \Sol"as\, n.
Solace. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Solatium \So*la"ti*um\, n. [L. See {Solace}, n.]
Anything which alleviates or compensates for suffering or
loss; a compensation; esp., an additional allowance, as for
injured feelings.
Sold \Sold\,
imp. & p. p. of {Sell}.
Sold \Sold\, n. [F. solde. See {Soldier}, and cf. {Sou}.]
Solary; military pay. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Soldan \Sol"dan\, n.[OE. soudan, F. soudan, from the Arabic. See
{Sultan}.]
A sultan. [Obs.] --Milton.
Soldanel \Sol"da*nel\, n. (Bot.)
A plant of the genus {Soldanella}, low Alpine herbs of the
Primrose family.
Soldanrie \Sol"dan*rie\, n.
The country ruled by a soldan, or sultan. [Poet.]
--Sir W. Scott.
Solder \Sol"der\, n. [Formerly soder; F. soudure, OF. soudeure,
fr. OF. & F. souder to solder, L. solidare to fasten, to make
solid. See {Solid}, and cf. {Sawder}.]
A metal or metallic alloy used when melted for uniting
adjacent metallic edges or surfaces; a metallic cement.
Hence, anything which unites or cements.
{Hard solder}, a solder which fuses only at a red heat, as
one composed of zinc and copper, or silver and copper,
etc.
{Soft solder}, a solder fusible at comparatively low
temperatures; as, plumbers' solder, consisting of two
parts lead and one part tin, is a soft solder.
Solder \Sol"der\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Soldered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Soldering}.] [Formerlysoder. See {Solder}, n.]
1. To unite (metallic surfaces or edges) by the intervention
of a more fusible metal or metallic alloy applied when
melted; to join by means of metallic cement.
2. To mend; to patch up. ``To solder up a broken cause.''
--Hooker.
Solderer \Sol"der*er\, n.
One who solders.
Soldering \Sol"der*ing\,
a. & n. from {Solder}, v. t.
{Soldering iron}, {Soldering tool}, an instrument for
soldering, consisting of a bit or bolt of copper having a
pointed or wedge-shaped end, and furnished with a handle.
Soldier \Sol"dier\, n. [OE. souldier, soudiour, souder, OF.
soldier, soldoier, soldeier, sodoier, soudoier, soudier, fr.
L. solidus a piece of money (hence applied to the pay of a
soldier), fr. solidus solid. See {Solid}, and cf. {Sold}, n.]
1. One who is engaged in military service as an officer or a
private; one who serves in an army; one of an organized
body of combatants.
I am a soldier and unapt to weep. --Shak.
2. Especially, a private in military service, as
distinguished from an officer.
It were meet that any one, before he came to be a
captain, should have been a soldier. --Spenser.
3. A brave warrior; a man of military experience and skill,
or a man of distinguished valor; -- used by way of
emphasis or distinction. --Shak.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The red or cuckoo gurnard ({Trigla pini}.)
[Prov. Eng.]
5. (Zo["o]l.) One of the asexual polymorphic forms of white
ants, or termites, in which the head and jaws are very
large and strong. The soldiers serve to defend the nest.
See {Termite}.
{Soldier beetle} (Zo["o]l.), an American carabid beetle
({Chauliognathus Americanus}) whose larva feeds upon other
insects, such as the plum curculio.
{Soldier bug} (Zo["o]l.), any hemipterous insect of the genus
{Podisus} and allied genera, as the spined soldier bug
({Podius spinosus}). These bugs suck the blood of other
insects.
{Soldier crab} (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The hermit crab.
(b) The fiddler crab.
{Soldier fish} (Zo["o]l.), a bright-colored etheostomoid fish
({Etheostoma c[oe]ruleum}) found in the Mississippi River;
-- called also {blue darter}, and {rainbow darter}.
{Soldier fly} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
small dipterous flies of the genus {Stratyomys} and allied
genera. They are often bright green, with a metallic
luster, and are ornamented on the sides of the back with
markings of yellow, like epaulets or shoulder straps.
{Soldier moth} (Zo["o]l.), a large geometrid moth ({Euschema
militaris}), having the wings bright yellow with bluish
black lines and spots.
{Soldier orchis} (Bot.), a kind of orchis ({Orchis
militaris}).
Soldier \Sol"dier\, v. i.
1. To serve as a soldier.
2. To make a pretense of doing something, or of performing
any task. [Colloq.U.S.]
Note: In this sense the vulgar pronounciation (s[=o]"j[~e]r)
is jocosely preserved.
It needs an opera glass to discover whether the
leaders are pulling, or only soldiering. --C. D.
Warner.
Soldieress \Sol"dier*ess\, n.
A female soldier. [Obs.]
Soldiering \Sol"dier*ing\, n.
1. The act of serving as a soldier; the state of being a
soldier; the occupation of a soldier.
2. The act of feigning to work. See the Note under {Soldier},
v. i., 2. [Colloq. U.S.]
Soldierlike \Sol"dier*like"\, a.
Like a soldier; soldierly.
Soldierly \Sol"dier*ly\, a.
Like or becoming a real soldier; brave; martial; heroic;
honorable; soldierlike. ``Soldierly discipline.'' --Sir P.
Sidney.
Soldiership \Sol"dier*ship\, n.
Military qualities or state; martial skill; behavior becoming
a soldier. [R.] --Shak.
Soldierwood \Sol"dier*wood`\, n. (Bot.)
A showy leguminous plant ({Calliandra purpurea}) of the West
Indies. The flowers have long tassels of purple stamens.
Soldiery \Sol"dier*y\, n.
1. A body of soldiers; soldiers, collectivelly; the military.
A camp of faithful soldiery. --Milton.
2. Military service. [Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Soldo \Sol"do\, n.; pl. {Soldi}. [It. See {Sou}.]
A small Italian coin worth a sou or a cent; the twentieth
part of a lira.
Sole \Sole\, n. [F. sole, L. solea; -- so named from its flat
shape. See {Sole} of the foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of flatfishes of the genus
{Solea} and allied genera of the family {Soleid[ae]},
especially the common European species ({Solea
vulgaris}), which is a valuable food fish.
(b) Any one of several American flounders somewhat resembling
the true sole in form or quality, as the California sole
({Lepidopsetta bilineata}), the long-finned sole
({Glyptocephalus zachirus}), and other species.
{Lemon}, or {French}, {sole} (Zo["o]l.), a European species
of sole ({Solea pegusa}).
{Smooth sole} (Zo["o]l.), the megrim.
Sole \Sole\, n. [AS. sole, fr. L. soolea (or rather an assumed
L. sola), akin to solumround, soil, sole of the foot. Cf.
{Exile}, {Saloon}, {Soil} earth, {Sole} the fish.]
1. The bottom of the foot; hence, also, rarely, the foot
itself.
The dove found no rest for the sole of her foot.
--Gen. viii.
9.
Hast wandered through the world now long a day, Yet
ceasest not thy weary soles to lead. --Spenser.
2. The bottom of a shoe or boot, or the piece of leather
which constitutes the bottom.
The ``caliga'' was a military shoe, with a very
thick sole, tied above the instep. --Arbuthnot.
3. The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which
anything rests in standing. Specifially:
(a) (Agric.) The bottom of the body of a plow; -- called
also {slade}; also, the bottom of a furrow.
(b) (Far.) The horny substance under a horse's foot, which
protects the more tender parts.
(c) (Fort.) The bottom of an embrasure.
(d) (Naut.) A piece of timber attached to the lower part
of the rudder, to make it even with the false keel.
--Totten.
(e) (Mining) The seat or bottom of a mine; -- applied to
horizontal veins or lodes.
{Sole leather}, thick, strong, used for making the soles of
boots and shoes, and for other purposes.
Sole \Sole\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Soled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Soling}.]
To furnish with a sole; as, to sole a shoe.
Sole \Sole\, a. [L. solus, or OF. sol, F. seul (fr. L. solus;
cf. L. sollus whole, entire. Cf. {Desolate}, {Solemn},
{Solo}, {Sullen}.]
1. Being or acting without another; single; individual; only.
``The sole son of my queen.'' --Shak.
He, be sure . . . first and last will reign Sole
king. --Milton.
2. (Law) Single; unmarried; as, a feme sole.
{Corporation sole}. See the Note under {Corporation}.
Syn: Single; individual; only; alone; solitary.
Solecism \Sol"e*cism\, n.[F. sol['e]cisme, L. soloecismus, Gr.
soloikismo`s, fr. soloiki`zein to speak or write incorrectly,
fr. so`loikos speaking incorrectly, from the corruption of
the Attic dialect among the Athenian colonists of So`loi in
Cilicia.]
1. An impropriety or incongruity of language in the
combination of words or parts of a sentence; esp.,
deviation from the idiom of a language or from the rules
of syntax.
A barbarism may be in one word; a solecism must be
of more. --Johnson.
2. Any inconsistency, unfitness, absurdity, or impropriety,
as in deeds or manners.
C[ae]sar, by dismissing his guards and retaining his
power, committed a dangerous solecism in politics.
--C.
Middleton.
The idea of having committed the slightest solecism
in politeness was agony to him. --Sir W.
Scott.
Syn: Barbarism; impropriety; absurdity.
Solecist \Sol"e*cist\, n. [Gr. ???.]
One who commits a solecism. --Blackwall.
Solecistic \Sol`e*cis"tic\, a.
Solecistical.
Solecistical \Sol`e*cis"tic*al\, a.
Pertaining to, or involving, a solecism; incorrect. ``He
thought it made the language solecistical and absurd.''
--Blackwall.
Solecistically \Sol`e*cis"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In a solecistic manner.
Solecize \Sol"e*cize\, v. i. [Gr. ?????.]
To commit a solecism. [R.] --Dr. H. More.
Solely \Sole"ly\, adv.
Singly; alone; only; without another; as, to rest a cause
solely one argument; to rely solelyn one's own strength.
Solemn \Sol"emn\, a. [OE. solempne, OF. solempne, L. solemnis,
solennis, sollemnis, sollennis; sollus all, entire + annus a
year; properly, that takes place every year; -- used
especially of religious solemnities. Cf. {Silly}, {Annual}.]
1. Marked with religious rites and pomps; enjoined by, or
connected with, religion; sacred.
His holy rites and solemn feasts profaned. --Milton.
The worship of this image was advanced, and a solemn
supplication observed everry year. --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
2. Pertaining to a festival; festive; festal. [Obs.] ``On
this solemn day.'' --Chaucer.
3. Stately; ceremonious; grand. [Archaic]
His feast so solemn and so rich. --Chaucer.
To-night we hold a splemn supper. --Shak.
4. Fitted to awaken or express serious reflections; marked by
seriousness; serious; grave; devout; as, a solemn promise;
solemn earnestness.
Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage With solemn
touches troubled thoughts. --Milton.
There reigned a solemn silence over all. --Spenser.
5. Real; earnest; downright. [Obs. & R.]
Frederick, the emperor, . . . has spared no expense
in strengthening this city; since which time we find
no solemn taking it by the Turks. --Fuller.
6. Affectedly grave or serious; as, to put on a solemn face.
``A solemn coxcomb.'' --Swift.
7. (Law) Made in form; ceremonious; as, solemn war;
conforming with all legal requirements; as, probate in
solemn form. --Burrill. --Jarman. --Greenleaf.
{Solemn League and Covenant}. See {Covenant}, 2.
Syn: Grave; formal; ritual; ceremonial; sober; serious;
reverential; devotional; devout. See {Grave}.
Solemness \Sol"em*ness\, n.
{Solemnness}.
Some think he wanted solemnes. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Solemnity \So*lem"ni*ty\, n.; pl. {Solemnities}. [L. solemnitas,
solennitas: cf. F. solennit['e], solemnit['e], OF. also
sollempnit['e].]
1. A rite or ceremony performed with religious reverence;
religious or ritual ceremony; as, the solemnity of a
funeral, a sacrament.
Great was the cause; our old solemnities From no
blind zeal or fond tradition rise, But saved from
death, our Argives yearly pay These grateful honors
to the god of day. --Pope.
2. ceremony adapted to impress with awe.
The forms and solemnities of the last judgment.
--Atterburry.
3. Ceremoniousness; impressiveness; seriousness; grave
earnestness; formal dignity; gravity.
With much glory and great solemnity. --Chaucer.
The statelines and gravity of the Spaniards shows
itself in the solemnity of their language.
--Addison.
These promises were often made with great solemnity
and confirmed with an oath. --J. Edwards.
4. Hence, affected gravity or seriousness.
Solemnity 's a cover for a sot. --Young.
5. Solemn state or feeling; awe or reverence; also, that
which produces such a feeling; as, the solemnity of an
audience; the solemnity of Westminster Abbey.
6. (Law) A solemn or formal observance; proceeding according
to due form; the formality which is necessary to render a
thing done valid.
Solemnizate \So*lem"ni*zate\, v. t.
To solemnize; as, to solemnizate matrimony. [R.] --Bp.
Burnet.
Solemnization \Sol`em*ni*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. solemnisation,
solennisation.]
The act of solemnizing; celebration; as, the solemnization of
a marriage.
Solemnize \Sol"em*nize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Solemnized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Solemnizing}.] [Cf. F. solemniser,
sollemniser.]
1. To perform with solemn or ritual ceremonies, or according
to legal forms.
Baptism to be administered in one place, and
marriage solemnized in another. --Hooker.
2. To dignify or honor by ceremonies; to celebrate.
Their choice nobility and flowers . . . Met from all
parts to solemnize this feast. --Milton.
3. To make grave, serious, and reverential.
Wordsworth was solemnizzed and elevated by this his
first look on Yarrow. --J. C.
Shairp.
Every Israelite . . . arose, solemnized his face,
looked towards Jerusalem . . . and prayed. --L.
Wallace.
Solemnize \Sol"em*nize\, n.
Solemnization. [R.]
Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's solemnize.
--Spenser.
Solemnizer \Sol"em*ni`zer\, n.
One who solemnizes.
Solemnly \Sol"emn*ly\, adv.
In a solemn manner; with gravity; seriously; formally.
There in deaf murmurs solemnly are wise. --Dryden.
I do solemnly assure the reader. --Swift.
Solemnness \Sol"emn*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being solemn; solemnity;
impressiveness; gravity; as, the solemnness of public
worship. [Written also {solemness}.]
Solempne \So*lemp"ne\, a. [See {Solemn}.]
Solemn; grand; stately; splendid; magnificent. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Solen \So"len\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? channel, a shellfish.]
1. (Med.) A cradle, as for a broken limb. See {Cradle}, 6.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any marine bivalve mollusk belonging to {Solen}
or allied genera of the family {Solenid[ae]}; a razor
shell.
Solenacean \Sol`e*na"cean\, n. (Zo["o]l).
Any species of marine bivalve shells belonging to the family
{Solenid[ae]}.
Solenaceous \Sol`e*na"ceous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the solens or family {Solenid[ae]}.
Soleness \Sole"ness\, n.
The state of being sole, or alone; singleness. [R.]
--Chesterfield.
Solenette \Sole*nette"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small European sole ({Solea minuta}).
Solenoconcha \So*le`no*con"cha\, n. pl. [NL. See {Solen}, and
{Conch}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Scaphopoda}.
Solenodon \So*le"no*don\, n. [Gr. ???? a channel + ????, ???, a
tooth.] (Zo["o]l.)
Either one of two species of singular West Indian
insectivores, allied to the tenrec. One species ({Solendon
paradoxus}), native of St. Domingo, is called also {agouta};
the other ({S. Cubanus}), found in Cuba, is called {almique}.
Solenogastra \So*le`no*gas"tra\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ????
channel + ????, ????, stomach.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of lowly organized Mollusca belonging to the
Isopleura. A narrow groove takes the place of the foot of
other gastropods.
Solenoglyph \So*le"no*glyph\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to the Selenoglypha. See {Ophidia}. -- n. One of
the Selenoglypha.
Solenoglypha \So`le*nog"ly*pha\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ???? a
channel + ???? to engrave.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of serpents including those which have tubular
erectile fangs, as the viper and rattlesnake. See {Fang}.
Solenoid \So"len*oid\, n.[Gr. ??? channel + -oid.] (Elec.)
An electrodynamic spiral having the conjuctive wire turned
back along its axis, so as to neutralize that component of
the effect of the current which is due to the length of the
spiral, and reduce the whole effect to that of a series of
equal and parallel circular currents. When traversed by a
current the solenoid exhibits polarity and attraction or
repulsion, like a magnet.
Solenostomi \So`le*nos"to*mi\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ????? a
channel + ???? a mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of lophobranch fishes having a tubular snout. The
female carries the eggs in a ventral pouch.
Soleplate \Sole"plate`\, n. (Mach.)
(a) A bedplate; as, the soleplate of a steam engine.
(b) The plate forming the back of a waterwheel bucket.
Soler \So"ler\, Solere \So"lere\, n. [OE. See {Solar}, n.]
A loft or garret. See {Solar}, n. --Sir W. Scott.
Solert \So"lert\, a. [L. solers, sollers, -ertis,clever,
skillful.]
Skillful; clever; crafty. [Obs.] --Cudworth.
Solertiousness \So*ler"tious*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being solert. [Obs.] --Bp. Hacket.
Soleship \Sole"ship\, n.
The state of being sole, or alone; soleness. [R.] --Sir E.
Dering.
Sol-fa \Sol`-fa"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sol-faed};p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sol-faing}.] [It. solfa the gamut, from the syllables fa,
sol.]
To sing the notes of the gamut, ascending or descending; as,
do or ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do, or the same in reverse
order.
Yet can I neither solfe ne sing. --Piers
Plowman.
Sol-fa \Sol"-fa"\, n.
The gamut, or musical scale. See {Tonic sol-fa}, under
{Tonic}, n.
Solfanaria \Sol`fa*na"ri*a\, n. [It., from solfo sulphur.]
A sulphur mine.
Solfatara \Sol`fa*ta"ra\, n.[It., from solfo brimstone, sulphur,
L. sulfur, E. sulphur.] (Geol.)
A volcanic area or vent which yields only sulphur vapors,
steam, and the like. It represents the stages of the volcanic
activity.
Solfeggiare \Sol`feg*gia"re\, v. i.[It.] (Mus.)
To sol-fa. See {Sol-fa}, v. i.
Solfeggio \Sol*feg"gio\, n.[It., fr. solfa the gamut.] (Mus.)
The system of arranging the scale by the names do, re, mi,
fa, sol, la, si, by which singing is taught; a singing
exercise upon these syllables.
Solferino \Sol`fe*ri"no\, n.
A brilliant deep pink color with a purplish tinge, one of the
dyes derived from aniline; -- so called from Solferino in
Italy, where a battle was fought about the time of its
discovery.
Soli \So"li\, n.,
pl. of {Solo}.
Solicit \So*lic"it\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Solicited}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Soliciting}.] [F. sollicier, L. sollicitare,
solicitare, -atum, fr. sollicitus wholly (i. e., violently)
moved; sollus whole + citus, p. p. of ciere to move, excite.
See {Solemn}, {Cite}.]
1. To ask from with earnestness; to make petition to; to
apply to for obtaining something; as, to solicit person
for alms.
Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me?
--Milton.
2. To endeavor to obtain; to seek; to plead for; as, to
solicit an office; to solicit a favor.
I view my crime, but kindle at the view, Repent old
pleasures, and solicit new. --Pope.
3. To awake or excite to action; to rouse desire in; to
summon; to appeal to; to invite.
That fruit . . . solicited her longing eye.
--Milton.
Sounds and some tangible qualities solicit their
proper senses, and force an entrance to the mind.
--Locke.
4. To urge the claims of; to plead; to act as solicitor for
or with reference to. [Obs.]
Should My brother henceforth study to forget The vow
that he hath made thee, I would ever Solicit thy
deserts. --Ford.
5. To disturb; to disquiet; -- a Latinism rarely used.
Hath any ill solicited thine ears? --Chapman.
But anxious fears solicit my weak breast. --Dryden.
Syn: Syn. To beseech; ask; request; crave; supplicate;
entreat; beg; implore; importune. See {Beseech}.
Solicitant \So*lic"it*ant\, n.[L. solicitans, p. pr. ]
One who solicits.
Solicitate \So*lic"it*ate\, a.
Solicitous. [Obs.] --Eden.
Soliitation \So*li`i*ta"tion\, n. [F. solicitation, or L.
sollicitatio.]
1. The act of soliciting; earnest request; persistent asking;
importunity.
2. Excitement; invitation; as, the solicitation of the
senses. --Locke.
Solicitor \So*lic"it*or\, n. [F. soliciteur, L. solicitator.]
1. One who solicits.
2. (Law)
(a) An attorney or advocate; one who represents another in
court; -- formerly, in English practice, the
professional designation of a person admitted to
practice in a court of chancery or equity. See the
Note under {Attorney}.
(b) The law officer of a city, town, department, or
government; as, the city solicitor; the solicitor of
the treasury.
Solicitor-general \So*lic"it*or-gen"er*al\, n.
The second law officer in the government of Great Britain;
also, a similar officer under the United States government,
who is associated with the attorney-general; also, the chief
law officer of some of the States.
Solicitous \So*lic"it*ous\, a.[L. sollicitus, solicitus. See
{Solicit}, v. t.]
Disposed to solicit; eager to obtain something desirable, or
to avoid anything evil; concerned; anxious; careful.
``Solicitous of my reputation.'' --Dryden. ``He was
solicitous for his advice.'' --Calerendon.
Enjoy the present, whatsoever it be, and be not
solicitous about the future. --Jer. Taylor.
The colonel had been intent upon other things, and not
enough solicitous to finish the fortifications.
--Clarendon.
-- {So*lic"it*ous*ly}, adv. -- {So*lic"it*ous*ness}, n.
Solicitress \So*lic"it*ress\, n.
A woman who solicits.
Solicitude \So*lic"i*tude\, n. [F. sollicitude,r L.
sollicitudo.]
The state of being solicitous; uneasiness of mind occasioned
by fear of evil or desire good; anxiety.
The many cares and great labors of worldly men, their
solicitude and outward shows. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
The mother looked at her with fond solicitude. --G. W.
Cable.
Syn: Carefulness; concern; anxiety. See {Care}.
Solid \Sol"id\, a. [L. solidus, probably akin to sollus whole,
entire, Gr. ???: cf. F. solide. Cf. {Consolidate},{Soda},
{Solder}, {Soldier}, {Solemn}.]
1. Having the constituent parts so compact, or so firmly
adhering, as to resist the impression or penetration of
other bodies; having a fixed form; hard; firm; compact; --
opposed to {fluid} and {liquid} or to {plastic}, like
clay, or to {incompact}, like sand.
2. Not hollow; full of matter; as, a solid globe or cone, as
distinguished from a {hollow} one; not spongy; dense;
hence, sometimes, heavy.
3. (Arith.) Having all the geometrical dimensions; cubic; as,
a solid foot contains 1,728 solid inches.
Note: In this sense, cubics now generally used.
4. Firm; compact; strong; stable; unyielding; as, a solid
pier; a solid pile; a solid wall.
5. Applied to a compound word whose parts are closely united
and form an unbroken word; -- opposed to {hyphened}.
6. Fig.: Worthy of credit, trust, or esteem; substantial, as
opposed to {frivolous} or {fallacious}; weighty; firm;
strong; valid; just; genuine.
The solid purpose of a sincere and virtuous answer.
--Milton.
These, wanting wit, affect gravity, and go by the
name of solid men. --Dryden.
The genius of the Italians wrought by solid toil
what the myth-making imagination of the Germans had
projected in a poem. --J. A.
Symonds.
7. Sound; not weakly; as, a solid constitution of body. --I.
Watts.
8. (Bot.) Of a fleshy, uniform, undivided substance, as a
bulb or root; not spongy or hollow within, as a stem.
9. (Metaph.) Impenetrable; resisting or excluding any other
material particle or atom from any given portion of space;
-- applied to the supposed ultimate particles of matter.
10. (Print.) Not having the lines separated by leads; not
open.
11. United; without division; unanimous; as, the delegation
is solid for a candidate. [Polit. Cant. U.S.]
{Solid angle}. (Geom.) See under {Angle}.
{Solid color}, an even color; one not shaded or variegated.
{Solid green}. See {Emerald green}
(a), under {Green}.
{Solid measure} (Arith.), a measure for volumes, in which the
units are each a cube of fixed linear magnitude, as a
cubic foot, yard, or the like; thus, a foot, in solid
measure, or a solid foot, contains 1,728 solid inches.
{Solid newel} (Arch.), a newel into which the ends of winding
stairs are built, in distinction from a hollow newel. See
under {Hollow}, a.
{Solid problem} (Geom.), a problem which can be construed
geometrically, only by the intersection of a circle and a
conic section or of two conic sections. --Hutton.
{Solid square} (Mil.), a square body or troops in which the
ranks and files are equal.
Syn: Hard; firm; compact; strong; substantial; stable; sound;
real; valid; true; just; weighty; profound; grave;
important.
Usage: {Solid}, {Hard}. These words both relate to the
internal constitution of bodies; but hardnotes a more
impenetrable nature or a firmer adherence of the
component parts than solid. Hard is opposed to soft,
and solid to fluid, liquid, open, or hollow. Wood is
usually solid; but some kinds of wood are hard, and
others are soft.
Repose you there; while I [return] to this hard
house, More harder than the stones whereof 't is
raised. --Shak.
I hear his thundering voice resound, And
trampling feet than shake the solid ground.
--Dryden.
Solid \Sol"id\, n.
1. A substance that is held in a fixed form by cohesion among
its particles; a substance not fluid.
2. (Geom.) A magnitude which has length, breadth, and
thickness; a part of space bounded on all sides.
{Solid of revolution}. (Geom.) See {Revolution}, n., 5.
Solidago \Sol`i*da"go\, n. [NL., fr. L. solidare to strengthen,
unite; -- so called in allusion to its reputed healing
qualities.] (Bot.)
A genus of yellow-flowered composite perennial herbs;
golden-rod.
Solidare \Sol"i*dare\, n. [LL. solidus. Cf. {Sou}.]
A small piece of money. [Obs.] --Shak.
Solidarity \Sol`i*dar"i*ty\, n. [F. solidarit['e], fr. solide.
See {Solid}.]
An entire union or consolidation of interests and
responsibilities; fellowship; community.
Solidarity [a word which we owe to the French
Communists], signifies a fellowship in gain and loss,
in honor and dishonor, in victory and defeat, a being,
so to speak, all in the same boat. --Trench.
The solidarity . . . of Breton and Welsh poetry. --M.
Arnold.
Solidary \Sol"i*da*ry\, a.
Having community of interests and responsibilities.
Men are solidary, or copartners; and not isolated. --M.
Arnold.
Solidate \Sol"i*date\, v. t. [L. solidatus, p. p. of solidare.
See {Solder}.]
To make solid or firm. [Obs.] --Cowley.
Solidifiable \So*lid"i*fi`a*ble\, a.
Capable of being solidified.
Solidification \So*lid`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F.
solidification.]
Act of solidifying, or state of being solidified.
Solidify \So*lid"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Solidified}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Solidifying}.] [Solid + -fy: cf. F. solidifier.]
To make solid or compact.
Every machine is a solidified mechanical theorem. --H.
Spencer.
Solidify \So*lid"i*fy\, v. i.
To become solid; to harden.
Solidism \Sol"id*ism\, n. (Med.)
The doctrine that refers all diseases to morbid changes of
the solid parts of the body. It rests on the view that the
solids alone are endowed with vital properties, and can
receive the impression of agents tending to produce disease.
Solidist \Sol"id*ist\, n. (Med.)
An advocate of, or believer in, solidism. --Dunglison.
Solidity \So*lid"i*ty\, n. [L. soliditas: cf. F. solidit['e].]
1. The state or quality of being solid; density; consistency,
-- opposed to {fluidity}; compactness; fullness of matter,
-- opposed to {openness} or {hollowness}; strength;
soundness, -- opposed to {weakness} or {instability}; the
primary quality or affection of matter by which its
particles exclude or resist all others; hardness;
massiveness.
That which hinders the approach of two bodies when
they are moving one toward another, I call solidity.
--Locke.
2. Moral firmness; soundness; strength; validity; truth;
certainty; -- as opposed to {weakness} or
{fallaciousness}; as, the solidity of arguments or
reasoning; the solidity of principles, triuths, or
opinions.
3. (Geom.) The solid contents of a body; volume; amount of
inclosed space.
Syn: Firmness; solidness; hardness; density; compactness;
strength; soundness; validity; certainty.
Solidly \Sol"id*ly\, adv.
In a solid manner; densely; compactly; firmly; truly.
Solidness \Sol"id*ness\, n.
1. State or quality of being solid; firmness; compactness;
solidity, as of material bodies.
2. Soundness; strength; truth; validity, as of arguments,
reasons, principles, and the like.
Solidungula \Sol`id*un"gu*la\, n. pl. [NL., from L. solidus
solid + ungula a hoof.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tribe of ungulates which includes the horse, ass, and
related species, constituting the family {Equid[ae]}.
Solidungular \Sol`id*un"gu*lar\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Solipedous.
Solidungulate \Sol`id*un"gu*late\, n. [Solid + ungulate.]
(Zool.)
Same as {Soliped}.
Solidungulous \Sol`id*un"gu*lous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Solipedous.
Solifidian \Sol`i*fid"i*an\, n. [L. solus alone + fides faith.]
(Eccl.)
One who maintains that faith alone, without works, is
sufficient for justification; -- opposed to {nullifidian}.
--Hammond.
Solifidian \Sol`i*fid"i*an\, a.
Holding the tenets of Solifidians; of or pertaining to the
solifidians.
Solifidianism \Sol`i*fid"i*an*ism\, n.
The state of Solifidians.
Soliform \Sol"i*form\, a. [L. sol sun + -form.]
Like the sun in form, appearance, or nature; resembling the
sun. [R.] ``Soliform things.'' --Cudworth.
Solifugae \So*lif"u*g[ae]\, n. pl. [NL., from L. solifuga
(better solipuga), a kind of venomous ant, or spider.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A division of arachnids having large, powerful fangs and a
segmented abdomen; -- called also {Solpugidea}, and
{Solpugides}.
Soliloquize \So*lil"o*quize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Soliloquized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Soliloquizing}.]
To utter a soliloquy; to talk to one's self.
Soliloquy \So*lil"o*quy\, n.; pl. {Soliloquies}. [L.
soliloquium; solus alone + loqui to speak. See {Sole} ly, and
{Loquacious}.]
1. The act of talking to one's self; a discourse made by one
in solitude to one's self; monologue.
Lovers are always allowed the comfort of soliloquy.
--Spectator.
2. A written composition, reciting what it is supposed a
person says to himself.
The whole poem is a soliloquy. --Prior.
Soliped \Sol"i*ped\, n. [Cf. F. solip[`e]de, It. solipede, Sp.
solipedo; apparently fr. L. solus alone + pes, pedis, a foot;
but probably fr. L. solidipes solid-footed, whole-hoofed. See
{Solid}, and {Pedal}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A mammal having a single hoof on each foot, as the horses and
asses; a solidungulate. [Written also {solipede}.]
The solipeds, or firm-hoofed animals, as horses, asses,
and mules, etc., -- they are, also, in mighty number.
--Sir T.
Browne.
Solipedous \So*lip"e*dous\, a.
Having single hoofs.
Solipsism \So*lip"sism\, n. [L. solus alone + ipse self.]
1. (Ethics) Egotism. --Krauth-Fleming.
2. (Metaph.) Egoism. --Krauth-Fleming.
Solisequious \Sol`i*se"qui*ous\, a. [L. sol sun + sequi to
follow.]
Following the course of the sun; as, solisequious plants.
[R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Solitaire \Sol`i*taire"\, n. [F. See {Solitary}.]
1. A person who lives in solitude; a recluse; a hermit.
--Pope.
2. A single diamond in a setting; also, sometimes, a precious
stone of any kind set alone.
Diamond solitaires blazing on his breast and wrists.
--Mrs. R. H.
Davis.
3. A game which one person can play alone; -- applied to many
games of cards, etc.; also, to a game played on a board
with pegs or balls, in which the object is, beginning with
all the places filled except one, to remove all but one of
the pieces by ``jumping,'' as in draughts.
4. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A large extinct bird ({Pezophaps solitaria}) which
formerly inhabited the islands of Mauritius and
Rodrigeuz. It was larger and taller than the wild
turkey. Its wings were too small for flight. Called
also {solitary}.
(b) Any species of American thrushlike birds of the genus
{Myadestes}. They are noted their sweet songs and
retiring habits. Called also {fly-catching thrush}. A
West Indian species ({Myadestes sibilans}) is called
the {invisible bird}.
Solitarian \Sol`i*ta"ri*an\, n. [See {Solitary}.]
A hermit; a solitary. [Obs.] --Sir R. Twisden.
Soliitariety \Sol`ii*ta*ri"e*ty\, n.
The state of being solitary; solitariness. [Obs.] --Cudworth.
Solitarily \Sol"i*ta*ri*ly\, adv.
In a solitary manner; in solitude; alone. --Mic. vii. 14.
Solitariness \Sol"i*ta*ri*ness\, n.
Condition of being solitary.
Solitary \Sol"i*ta*ry\, a. [L. solitarius, fr. solus alone: cf.
F. solitaire. See {Sole}, a., and cf. {Solitaire}.]
1. Living or being by one's self; having no companion
present; being without associates; single; alone; lonely.
Those rare and solitary, these in flocks. --Milton.
Hie home unto my chamber, Where thou shalt find me,
sad and solitary. --Shak.
2. Performed, passed, or endured alone; as, a solitary
journey; a solitary life.
Satan . . . explores his solitary flight. --Milton.
3. ot much visited or frequented remote from society;
retired; lonely; as, a solitary residence or place.
4. Not inhabited or occupied; without signs of inhabitants or
occupation; desolate; deserted; silent; still; hence,
gloomy; dismal; as, the solitary desert.
How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of
people. --Lam. i. 1.
Let that night be solitary; let no joyful voice come
therein. --Job iii. 7.
5. Single; individual; sole; as, a solitary instance of
vengeance; a solitary example.
6. (Bot.) Not associated with others of the same kind.
{Solitary ant} (Zo["o]l.), any solitary hymenopterous insect
of the family {Mutillid[ae]}. The female of these insects
is destitute of wings and has a powerful sting. The male
is winged and resembles a wasp. Called also {spider ant}.
{Solitary bee} (Zo["o]l.), any species of bee which does not
form communities.
{Solitary sandpiper} (Zo["o]l.), an American tattler
({Totanus solitarius}).
{Solitary snipe} (Zo["o]l.), the great snipe. [Prov. Eng.]
{Solitary thrush} (Zo["o]l.) the starling. [Prov. Eng.]
Solitary \Sol"i*ta*ry\, n.
One who lives alone, or in solitude; an anchoret; a hermit; a
recluse.
Solitude \Sol"i*tude\, n. [F., from L. solitudo, solus alone.
See {Sole}, a.]
1. state of being alone, or withdrawn from society; a lonely
life; loneliness.
Whosoever is delighted with solitude is either a
wild beast or a god. --Bacon.
O Solitude! where are the charms That sages have
seen in thy face? --Cowper.
2. Remoteness from society; destitution of company;
seclusion; -- said of places; as, the solitude of a wood.
The solitude of his little parish is become matter
of great comfort to him. --Law.
3. solitary or lonely place; a desert or wilderness.
In these deep solitudes and awful cells Where
heavenly pensive contemplation dwells. --Pope.
Syn: Syn. Loneliness; soitariness; loneness; retiredness;
recluseness. -- {Solitude}, {Retirement}, {Seclusion},
{Loneliness}.
Usage: Retirement is a withdrawal from general society,
implying that a person has been engaged in its scenes.
Solitude describes the fact that a person is alone;
seclusion, that he is shut out from others, usually by
his own choice; loneliness, that he feels the pain and
oppression of being alone. Hence, retirement is
opposed to a gay, active, or public life; solitude, to
society; seclusion, to freedom of access on the part
of others; and loneliness, enjoyment of that society
which the heart demands.
O blest retirement, friend to life's decline.
--Goldsmith.
Such only can enjoy the country who are capable
of thinking when they are there; then they are
prepared for solitude; and in that [the country]
solitude is prepared for them. --Dryden.
It is a place of seclusion from the external
world. --Bp. Horsley.
These evils . . . seem likely to reduce it [a
city] ere long to the loneliness and the
insignificance of a village. --Eustace.
Solivagant \So*liv"a*gant\, a. [L. solus alone + vagans
wandering.]
Wandering alone. [R.] --T. Grander.
Solivagous \So*liv"a*gous\, a. [L. solivagus.]
Solivagant.
Sollar \Sol"lar\, n.
1. See {Solar}, n. [Obs.]
2. (Mining) A platform in a shaft, especially one of those
between the series of ladders in a shaft.
Sollar \Sol"lar\, v. t.
To cover, or provide with, a sollar.
Sollein \Sol"lein\, a.
Sullen; sad. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Solleret \Sol*ler*et"\, n. [F. soleretim. fr. OF. soler shoe.]
A flexible steel shoe (or one of the plates forming such a
shoe), worn with medi[ae]val armor.
Solmization \Sol`mi*za"tion\, n. [F. solmisation, fr. solmiser
to sol-fa; -- called from the musical notes sol, mi. See
{Sol-fa}.] (Mus.)
The act of sol-faing. [Written also {solmisation}.]
Note: This art was practiced by the Greeks; but six of the
seven syllables now in use are generally attributed to
Guido d' Arezzo, an Italian monk of the eleventh
century, who is said to have taken them from the first
syllables of the first six lines of the following
stanza of a monkish hymn to St. John the Baptist.
Ut queant laxis Resonare fibris Mira gestorum
Famuli tuorum Solve polluti Labii reatum, Sancte
Joannes. Professor Skeat says the name of the
seventh note, si, was also formed by him [Guido] from
the initials of the two words of the last line; but
this is disputed, Littr['e] attributing the first use
of it to Anselm of Flanders long afterwards. The
syllable do is often substituted for ut.
Solo \So"lo\, n.; pl. E. {Solos}, It. {Soli}. [It., from L.
solus alone. See {Sole}, a.] (Mus.)
A tune, air, strain, or a whole piece, played by a single
person on an instrument, or sung by a single voice.
Soloist \So"lo*ist\, n. (Mus.)
One who sings or plays a solo.
Solomon \Sol"o*mon\, n.
One of the kings of Israel, noted for his superior wisdom and
magnificent reign; hence, a very wise man. -- {Sol`o*mon"ic},
a.
{Solomon's seal} (Bot.), a perennial liliaceous plant of the
genus {Polygonatum}, having simple erect or curving stems
rising from thick and knotted rootstocks, and with white
or greenish nodding flowers. The commonest European
species is {Polygonatum multiflorum}. {P. biflorum} and
{P. giganteum} are common in the Eastern United States.
See Illust. of {Rootstock}.
{False Solomon's seal} (Bot.), any plant of the liliaceous
genus {Smilacina} having small whitish flowers in terminal
racemes or panicles.
Solon \So"lon\, n.
A celebrated Athenian lawmaker, born about 638 b. c.; hence,
a legislator; a publicist; -- often used ironically.
Solpugid \Sol*pu"gid\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Solifug[ae]. -- n. One of the
Solifug[ae].
Solpugidea \Sol`pu*gid"e*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Solifug[ae]}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Solifug[ae]}.
Solstice \Sol"stice\, n.[L. solstitium; sol the sun + sistere to
cause to stand, akin to stare to stand: cf. F. solstice. See
{Solar}, a., {Stand}, v. i.]
1. A stopping or standing still of the sun. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
2. (Astron.)
(a) The point in the ecliptic at which the sun is farthest
from the equator, north or south, namely, the first
point of the sign Cancer and the first point of the
sign Capricorn, the former being the summer solstice,
latter the winter solstice, in northern latitudes; --
so called because the sun then apparently stands still
in its northward or southward motion.
(b) The time of the sun's passing the solstices, or
solstitial points, namely, about June 21 and December
21. See Illust. in Appendix.
Solstitial \Sol*sti"tial\, a. [L. solstitialis: cf. F.
solsticial.]
1. Of or pertaining to a solstice.
2. Happening at a solstice; esp. (with reference to the
northern hemisphere), happening at the summer solstice, or
midsummer. ``Solstitial summer's heat.'' --Milton.
Solubility \Sol`u*bil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. solubilit['e].]
1. The quality, condition, or degree of being soluble or
solvable; as, the solubility of a salt; the solubility of
a problem or intricate difficulty.
2. (Bot.) The tendency to separate readily into parts by
spurious articulations, as the pods of tick trefoil.
Soluble \Sol"u*ble\, a. [L. solubilis, fr. solvere, solutum, to
loosen, to dissolve: cf. F. soluble. See {Solve}, and cf.
{Solvable}.]
1. Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid; capable of
solution; as, some substances are soluble in alcohol which
are not soluble in water.
Sugar is . . . soluble in water and fusible in fire.
--Arbuthnot.
2. Susceptible of being solved; as, a soluble algebraic
problem; susceptible of being disentangled, unraveled, or
explained; as, the mystery is perhaps soluble. ``More
soluble is this knot.'' --Tennyson.
3. Relaxed; open or readily opened. [R.] ``The bowels must be
kept soluble.'' --Dunglison.
{Soluble glass}. (Chem.) See under {Glass}.
Solubleness \Sol"u*ble*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being soluble.
Solus \So"lus\, masc. a., Sola \So"la\, fem. a.[L.]
Alone; -- chiefly used in stage directions, and the like.
Solute \So*lute"\, a. [L. solutus, p. p. of solvere to loosen.
See {Solve}.]
1. Loose; free; liberal; as, a solute interpretation. [Obs.]
--Bacon.
2. Relaxed; hence; merry; cheerful. [R.]
A brow solute, and ever-laughing eye. --Young.
3. Soluble; as, a solute salt. [Obs.]
4. (Bot.) Not adhering; loose; -- opposed to {adnate}; as, a
solute stipule.
Solute \So*lute"\, v. t.
1. To dissolve; to resolve. [Obs.]
2. To absolve; as, to solute sin. [Obs.] --Bale.
Solution \So*lu"tion\ (s[-o]*l[=u]"sh[u^]n), n. [OE. solucion,
OF. solucion, F. solution, fr. L. solutio, fr. solvere,
solutum, to loosen, dissolve. See {Solve}.]
1. The act of separating the parts of any body, or the
condition of undergoing a separation of parts; disruption;
breach.
In all bodies there is an appetite of union and
evitation of solution of continuity. --Bacon.
2. The act of solving, or the state of being solved; the
disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult
question; explanation; clearing up; -- used especially in
mathematics, either of the process of solving an equation
or problem, or the result of the process.
3. The state of being dissolved or disintegrated; resolution;
disintegration.
It is unquestionably an enterprise of more promise
to assail the nations in their hour of faintness and
solution, than at a time when magnificent and
seductive systems of worship were at their height of
energy and splendor. --I. Taylor.
4. (Chem.Phys.) The act or process by which a body (whether
solid, liquid, or gaseous) is absorbed into a liquid, and,
remaining or becoming fluid, is diffused throughout the
solvent; also, the product reulting from such absorption.
Note: When a solvent will not take in any more of a substance
the solution is said to be saturated. Solution is two
kinds; viz.: (a) {Mechanical solution}, in which no
marked chemical change takes place, and in which, in
the case of solids, the dissolved body can be regained
by evaporation, as in the solution of salt or sugar in
water. (b) {Chemical solution}, in which there is
involved a decided chemical change, as when limestone
or zinc undergoes solution in hydrochloric acid.
{Mechanical solution} is regarded as a form of
molecular or atomic attraction, and is probably
occasioned by the formation of certain very weak and
unstable compounds which are easily dissociated and
pass into new and similar compounds.
Note: This word is not used in chemistry or mineralogy for
fusion, or the melting of bodies by the heat of fire.
5. release; deliverance; discharge. [Obs.] --Barrow.
6. (Med.)
(a) The termination of a disease; resolution.
(b) A crisis.
(c) A liquid medicine or preparation (usually aqueous) in
which the solid ingredients are wholly soluble. --U.
S. Disp.
{Fehling's solution} (Chem.), a standardized solution of
cupric hydrate in sodium potassium tartrate, used as a
means of determining the reducing power of certain sugars
and sirups by the amount of red cuprous oxide thrown down.
{Heavy solution} (Min.), a liquid of high density, as a
solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide (called
the Sonstadt or Thoulet solution) having a maximum
specific gravity of 3.2, or of borotungstate of cadium
(Klein solution, specific gravity 3.6), and the like. Such
solutions are much used in determining the specific
gravities of minerals, and in separating them when
mechanically mixed as in a pulverized rock.
{Nessler's solution}. See {Nesslerize}.
{Solution of continuity}, the separation of connection, or of
connected substances or parts; -- applied, in surgery, to
a fracture, laceration, or the like. ``As in the natural
body a wound, or solution of continuity, is worse than a
corrupt humor, so in the spiritual.'' --Bacon.
{Standardized solution} (Chem.), a solution which is used as
a reagent, and is of a known and standard strength;
specifically, a normal solution, containing in each cubic
centimeter as many milligrams of the element in question
as the number representing its atomic weight; thus, a
normal solution of silver nitrate would contain 107.7 mgr.
of silver nitrate in each cubic centimeter.
Solutive \Sol"u*tive\ (s[o^]l"[-u]*t[i^]v), a. [Cf. F. solutif.]
Tending to dissolve; loosening; laxative. --Bacon.
Solvability \Solv`a*bil"i*ty\, n. [F. solvabilit['e].]
1. The quality or state of being solvable; as, the
solvability of a difficulty; the solvability of a problem.
2. The condition of being solvent; ability to pay all just
debts; solvency; as, the solvability of a merchant.
Solvable \Solv"a*ble\, a. [F. solvable. See {Solve}, and cf.
{Soluble}, {Solvible}.]
1. Susceptible of being solved, resolved, or explained;
admitting of solution.
2. Capable of being paid and discharged; as, solvable
obligations. --Tooke.
3. Able to pay one's debts; solvent. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Solvableness \Solv"a*ble*ness\, n.
Quality of being solvable.
Solve \Solve\ (s[o^]lv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Solved}
(s[o^]lvd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Solving}.] [L. solvere, solutum;
from a prefix so- expressing separation (cf. {Sober}) + luere
to loosen; cf. OF. soldre, soudre. See {Loose}, and cf.
{Absolve}.]
To explain; to resolve; to unfold; to clear up (what is
obscure or difficult to be understood); to work out to a
result or conclusion; as, to solve a doubt; to solve
difficulties; to solve a problem.
True piety would effectually solve such scruples.
--South.
God shall solve the dark decrees of fate. --Tickell.
Syn: To explain; resolve; unfold; clear up.
Solve \Solve\, n.
A solution; an explanation. [Obs.] --Shak.
Solvency \Sol"ven*cy\ (s[o^]l"ven*s[y^]), n. [See {Solvent}.]
The quality or state of being solvent.
Solvend \Sol"vend\ (s[o^]l"v[e^]nd), n. [L. solvendus to be
loosened or dissolved, fr. solvere. See {Solution}.]
A substance to be dissolved. [R.]
Solvent \Sol"vent\ (s[o^]l"vent), a. [L. solvens, p. pr. of
solvere. See {Solvable}.]
1. Having the power of dissolving; dissolving; as, a solvent
fluid. ``the solvent body.'' --Boyle.
2. Able or sufficient to pay all just debts; as, a solvent
merchant; the estate is solvent.
Solvent \Sol"vent\, n. (Chem.)
A substance (usually liquid) suitable for, or employed in,
solution, or in dissolving something; as, water is the
appropriate solvent of most salts, alcohol of resins, ether
of fats, and mercury or acids of metals, etc.
2. That which resolves; as, a solvent of mystery.
Solver \Sol"ver\ (s[o^]lv"[~e]r), n.
One who, or that which, solves.
Solvible \Solv"i*ble\ (-[i^]*b'l), a.
See {Solvable}.
Soly \Sol"y\ (s[=o]l"[y^]), adv.
Solely. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Soma \So"ma\ (s[=o]"m[.a]), n. [NL., fr. Gr. sw^ma, sw`matos,
the body.] (Anat.)
The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head,
neck, trunk, and tail. --B. G. Wilder.
Somaj \So"maj"\, Samaj \Sa*maj"\, n.
A society; a congregation; a worshiping assembly, or church,
esp. of the Brahmo-somaj. [India]
Somali \So*ma"li\, Somal \So*mal"\, n. (Ethnol.)
A Hamitic people of East Central Africa.
Somatic \So*mat"ic\, a. [Gr. swmatiko`s, fr. sw^ma the body.]
1. Of or pertaining to the body as a whole; corporeal; as,
somatic death; somatic changes.
2. Of or pertaining to the wall of the body; somatopleuric;
parietal; as, the somatic stalk of the yolk sac of an
embryo.
{Somatic death}. See the Note under {Death}, n., 1.
Somatical \So*mat"ic*al\, a.
Somatic.
Somatics \So*mat"ics\, n.
The science which treats of the general properties of matter;
somatology.
Somatist \So"ma*tist\, n.
One who admits the existence of material beings only; a
materialist. --Glanvill.
Somatocyst \So"ma*to*cyst\, n. [Gr. sw^ma, sw`matos, body +
ky`stis a bladder.] (Zo["o]l.)
A cavity in the primary nectocalyx of certain Siphonophora.
See Illust. under {Nectocalyx}.
Somatology \So`ma*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. sw^ma, sw`matos, body +
-logy.]
1. The doctrine or the science of the general properties of
material substances; somatics.
2. A treatise on the human body; anatomy. --Dunglison.
Somatome \So"ma*tome\, n. [Gr. sw^ma, body + te`mnein to cut.]
(Anat. & Zo["o]l.)
See {Somite}.
Somatopleure \So"ma*to*pleure\, n. [Gr. sw^ma, sw`matos, body +
pleyra` side.] (Anat.)
The outer, or parietal, one of the two lamell[ae] into which
the vertebrate blastoderm divides on either side of the
notochord, and from which the walls of the body and the
amnion are developed. See {Splanchnopleure}.
Somatopleuric \So`ma*to*pleu"ric\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the somatopleure.
Somatotropism \So`ma*tot"ro*pism\, n. [Gr. sw^ma, sw`matos, the
body + tre`pein to turn.] (Physiol.)
A directive influence exercised by a mass of matter upon
growing organs. --Encyc. Brit.
Somber \Som"ber\, Sombre \Som"bre\(?; 277), a. [F. sombre; cf.
Sp. sombra, shade, prob. from LL. subumbrare to put in the
shade; L. sub under + umbra shade. See {Umbrage}.]
1. Dull; dusky; somewhat dark; gloomy; as, a somber forest; a
somber house.
2. Melancholy; sad; grave; depressing; as, a somber person;
somber reflections.
The dinner was silent and somber; happily it was
also short. --Beaconsfield.
Somber \Som"ber\, Sombre \Som"bre\, v. t.
To make somber, or dark; to make shady. [R.]
Somber \Som"ber\, Sombre \Som"bre\, n.
Gloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness. [Obs.]
Somberly \Som"ber*ly\, Sombrely \Som"bre*ly\, adv.
In a somber manner; sombrously; gloomily; despondingly.
Somberness \Som"ber*ness\, Sombreness \Som"bre*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being somber; gloominess.
Sombrero \Som*bre"ro\, n. [Sp., from sombra shade. See
{Sombre}.]
A kind of broad-brimmed hat, worn in Spain and in Spanish
America. --Marryat.
Sombrous \Som"brous\, a. [Cf. Sp. sombroso.]
Gloomy; somber. ``Tall and sombrous pines.'' --Longfellow. --
{Som"brous*ly}, adv. -- {Som"brous*ness}, n.
-some \-some\ (-s[=o]m).
A combining form or suffix from Gr. sw^ma (gen. sw`matos) the
body; as in merosome, a body segment; cephalosome, etc.
-some \-some\ (-s[u^]m). [AS. -sum; akin to G. & OHG. -sam,
Icel. samr, Goth. lustusams longed for. See {Same}, a., and
cf. {Some}, a.]
An adjective suffix having primarily the sense of like or
same, and indicating a considerable degree of the thing or
quality denoted in the first part of the compound; as in
mettlesome, full of mettle or spirit; gladsome, full of
gladness; winsome, blithesome, etc.
Some \Some\ (s[u^]m), a. [OE. som, sum, AS. sum; akin to OS.,
OFries., & OHG. sum, OD. som, D. sommig, Icel. sumr, Dan.
somme (pl.), Sw. somlige (pl.), Goth. sums, and E. same.
[root]191. See {Same}, a., and cf. {-some}.]
1. Consisting of a greater or less portion or sum; composed
of a quantity or number which is not stated; -- used to
express an indefinite quantity or number; as, some wine;
some water; some persons. Used also pronominally; as, I
have some.
Some theoretical writers allege that there was a
time when there was no such thing as society.
--Blackstone.
2. A certain; one; -- indicating a person, thing, event,
etc., as not known individually, or designated more
specifically; as, some man, that is, some one man. ``Some
brighter clime.'' --Mrs. Barbauld.
Some man praiseth his neighbor by a wicked intent.
--Chaucer.
Most gentlemen of property, at some period or other
of their lives, are ambitious of representing their
county in Parliament. --Blackstone.
3. Not much; a little; moderate; as, the censure was to some
extent just.
4. About; near; more or less; -- used commonly with numerals,
but formerly also with a singular substantive of time or
distance; as, a village of some eighty houses; some two or
three persons; some hour hence.
--Shak.
The number slain on the rebel's part were some two
thousand. --Bacon.
5. Considerable in number or quality. ``Bore us some leagues
to sea.'' --Shak.
On its outer point, some miles away. The lighthouse
lifts its massive masonry. --Longfellow.
6. Certain; those of one part or portion; -- in distinct from
other or others; as, some men believe one thing, and
others another.
Some [seeds] fell among thorns; . . . but other fell
into good ground. --Matt. xiii.
7, 8.
7. A part; a portion; -- used pronominally, and followed
sometimes by of; as, some of our provisions.
Your edicts some reclaim from sins, But most your
life and blest example wins. --Dryden.
{All and some}, one and all. See under {All}, adv. [Obs.]
Note: The illiterate in the United States and Scotland often
use some as an adverb, instead of somewhat, or an
equivalent expression; as, I am some tired; he is some
better; it rains some, etc.
{Some . . . some}, one part . . . another part; these . . .
those; -- used distributively.
Some to the shores do fly, Some to the woods, or
whither fear advised. --Daniel.
Note: Formerly used also of single persons or things: this
one . . . that one; one . . . another.
Some in his bed, some in the deep sea. --Chaucer.
Somebody \Some"bod*y\, n.
1. A person unknown or uncertain; a person indeterminate;
some person.
Jesus said, Somebody hath touched me. --Luke viii.
46.
We must draw in somebody that may stand ``Twixt us
and danger.'' --Denham.
2. A person of consideration or importance.
Before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself
to be somebody. --Acts v. 36.
Somedeal \Some"deal`\, adv.
In some degree; somewhat. [Written also {sumdel}, {sumdeale},
and {sumdele}.] [Obs.] ``She was somedeal deaf.'' --Chaucer.
Thou lackest somedeal their delight. --Spenser.
Somehow \Some"how`\, adv.
In one way or another; in some way not yet known or
designated; by some means; as, the thing must be done
somehow; he lives somehow.
By their action upon one another they may be swelled
somehow, so as to shorten the length. --Cheyne.
Note: The indefiniteness of somehow is emphasized by the
addition of or other.
Although youngest of the familly, he has somehow
or other got the entire management of all the
others. --Sir W.
Scott.
Somersault \Som"er*sault\, Somerset \Som"er*set\, n. [F.
soubresaut a jump, leap, OF. soubresault, It. soprassalto an
overleap, fr. L. supra over + saltus a leap, fr. salire to
leap; or the French may be from Sp. sobresalto a sudden
asault, a surprise. See {Supra}, and Salient.]
A leap in which a person turns his heels over his head and
lights upon his feet; a turning end over end. [Written also
{summersault}, {sommerset}, {summerset}, etc.] ``The
vaulter's sombersalts.'' --Donne.
Now I'll only Make him break his neck in doing a
sommerset. --Beau. & Fl.
Something \Some"thing\, n.
1. Anything unknown, undetermined, or not specifically
designated; a certain indefinite thing; an indeterminate
or unknown event; an unspecified task, work, or thing.
There is something in the wind. --Shak.
The whole world has something to do, something to
talk of, something to wish for, and something to be
employed about. --Pope.
Something attemped, something done, Has earned a
night's repose. --Longfellow.
2. A part; a portion, more or less; an indefinite quantity or
degree; a little.
Something yet of doubt remains. --Milton.
Something of it arises from our infant state. --I.
Watts.
3. A person or thing importance.
If a man thinketh himself to be something, when he
is nothing, he deceiveth himself. --Gal. vi. 3.
Something \Some"thing\, adv.
In some degree; somewhat; to some extent; at some distance.
--Shak.
I something fear my father's wrath. --Shak.
We have something fairer play than a reasoner could
have expected formerly. --Burke.
My sense of touch is something coarse. --Tennyson.
It must be done to-night, And something from the
palace. --Shak.
Sometime \Some"time`\, adv.
1. At a past time indefinitely referred to; once; formerly.
Did they not sometime cry ``All hail'' to me?
--Shak.
2. At a time undefined; once in a while; now and then;
sometimes.
Sometime we see a cloud that's dragonish, A vapor
sometime like a bear or lion. --Shak.
3. At one time or other hereafter; as, I will do it sometime.
``Sometime he reckon shall.'' --Chaucer.
Sometime \Some"time`\, a.
Having been formerly; former; late; whilom.
Our sometime sister, now our queen. --Shak.
Ion, our sometime darling, whom we prized. --Talfourd.
Sometimes \Some"times`\, adv. [Sometime + adverbial ending -s,
as in -wards.]
1. Formerly; sometime. [Obs.]
That fair and warlike form In which the majesty of
buried Denmark Did sometimes march. --Shak.
2. At times; at intervals; now and then;occasionally.
It is good that we sometimes be contradicted. --Jer.
Taylor.
{Sometimes . . . sometimes}, at certain times . . . at
certain other times; as, sometimes he is earnest,
sometimes he is frivolous.
Sometimes \Some"times`\, a.
Former; sometime. [Obs.]
Thy sometimes brother's wife. --Shak.
Somewhat \Some"what`\, n.
1. More or less; a certain quantity or degree; a part, more
or less; something.
These salts have somewhat of a nitrous taste.
--Grew.
Somewhat of his good sense will suffer, in this
transfusion, and much of the beauty of his thoughts
will be lost. --Dryden.
2. A person or thing of importance; a somebody.
Here come those that worship me. They think that I
am somewhat. --Tennyson.
Somewhat \Some"what`\, adv.
In some degree or measure; a little.
His giantship is gone, somewhat crestfallen. --Milton.
Somewhat back from the village street. --Longfellow.
Somewhen \Some"when`\, adv.
At some indefinite time. [R.]
Somewhere \Some"where`\, adv.
In some place unknown or not specified; in one place or
another. ``Somewhere nigh at hand.'' --Milton.
Somewhile \Some"while`\, adv.
Once; for a time.
Though, under color of shepherds, somewhile There crept
in wolves, full of fraund and guile. --Spenser.
Somewhither \Some"whith`er\, adv.
To some indeterminate place; to some place or other.
Driven by the winds of temptation somewhither.
--Barrow.
Somite \So"mite\, n. [Gr. ? body.] (Anat. & Zo["o]l.)
One of the actual or ideal serial segments of which an
animal, esp. an articulate or vertebrate, is is composed;
somatome; metamere. -- {So*mit`ic}, a.
Sommeil \Som`meil"\, n. [F.]
Slumber; sleep.
Sommerset \Som"mer*set\, n.
See {Somersault}.
Somnambular \Som*nam"bu*lar\, a.
Of or pertaining to somnambulism; somnambulistic. --Mrs.
Browning.
Somnambulate \Som*nam"bu*late\, v. i. & t.
To walk when ?sleep.
Somnambulation \Som*nam`bu*la"tion\, n. [L. somnus sleep +
ambulatio a walking about, from ambulare to walk. See
{Somnolent}, {Amble}.]
The act of walking in sleep.
Somnambulator \Som*nam"bu*la`tor\, n.
A somnambulist.
Somnambule \Som*nam"bule\, n. [F.]
A somnambulist.
Somnambulic \Som*nam"bu*lic\, a.
Somnambulistic.
Somnambulism \Som*nam"bu*lism\, n. [Cf. F. somnambulisme. See
{Somnambulation}.]
A condition of the nervous system in which an individual
during sleep performs actions approppriate to the waking
state; a state of sleep in which some of the senses and
voluntary powers are partially awake; noctambulism.
Somnambulist \Som*nam"bu*list\, n.
A person who is subject to somnambulism; one who walks in his
sleep; a sleepwalker; a noctambulist.
Somnambulistic \Som*nam`bu*lis"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a somnambulist or somnambulism; affected
by somnambulism; appropriate to the state of a somnambulist.
Whether this was an intentional and waking departure,
or a somnambulistic leave-taking and waking in her
sleep, may remain a subject of contention. --Dickens.
Somne \Som"ne\, v. t.
To summon. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Somner \Som"ner\, n.
A summoner; esp., one who summons to an ecclesiastical court.
[Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Somnial \Som"ni*al\, a. [L. spmnialis dream bringing, fr.
somnium dream, fr. somnus sleep.]
Of or pertaining to sleep or dreams.
The somnial magic superinducted on, without suspending,
the active powers of the mind. --Coleridge.
Somniative \Som"ni*a*tive\, a.
Somnial; somniatory. [R.]
Somniatory \Som"ni*a*to*ry\, a.
Pertaining to sleep or dreams; somnial. [Obs. or R.]
--Urquhart.
Somniculous \Som*nic"u*lous\, a. [L. somniculosus.]
Inclined to sleep; drowsy; sleepy. [Obs.]
Somniferous \Som*nif"er*ous\, a. [L. somnifer; somnus sleep +
ferre to bring.]
Causing or inducing sleep; soporific; dormitive; as, a
somniferous potion. --Walton.
Somnific \Som*nif"ic\, a. [L. somnificus; somnus sleep + facere
to make.]
Causing sleep; somniferous.
Somnifugous \Som*nif"u*gous\, a. [L. somnus sleep + fugare to
put to flight.]
Driving away sleep. [Obs.]
Somniloquence \Som*nil"o*quence\, n.
The act of talking in one's sleep; somniloquism.
Somniloquism \Som*nil"o*quism\, n.
The act or habit of talking in one's sleep; somniloquy.
--Coleridge.
Somniloquist \Som*nil"o*quist\, n.
One who talks in his sleep.
Somniloquous \Som*nil"o*quous\, a. [L. somnus sleep + loqui to
speak.]
Apt to talk in sleep.
Somniloquy \Som*nil"o*quy\, n.
A talking in sleep; the talking of one in a state of
somnipathy. [R.] --Coleridge.
Somnipathist \Som*nip"a*thist\, n.
A person in a state of somniapathy.
Somnipathy \Som*nip"a*thy\, n. [L. somnus sleep + Gr. ? a
suffering of the body, fr. ?, ?, to suffer.]
Sleep from sympathy, or produced by mesmerism or the like.
[Written also {somnopathy}.]
Somnolence \Som"no*lence\, Somnolency \Som"no*len*cy\, n. [L.
somnolentia: cf. F. somnolence.]
Sleepiness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.
Somnolent \Som"no*lent\, a. [F. somnolent, L. somnolentus, from
somnus sleep, akin to Gr. ?, Skr. svapna sleep, dream, svap
to sleep, Icel. sofa, AS. swefn sleep. Cf. {Hypnotic},
{Somnambulism}, {Soporific}.]
Sleepy; drowsy; inclined to sleep. -- {Som"no*lent*ly}, adv.
He had no eye for such phenomens, because he had a
somnolent want of interest in them. --De Quincey.
Somnolism \Som"no*lism\, n.
The somnolent state induced by animal magnetism. --Thomas
(Med. Dict.).
Somnopathy \Som*nop"a*thy\, n.
Somnipathy.
Somnour \Som"nour\, n.
A summoner; an apparitor; a sompnour. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Somonaunce \Som"on*aunce\, Somonce \Som"once\, n. [See {Summon},
{Summons}.]
A summons; a citation. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sommonour \Som"mon*our\, n.
A summoner. [Obs.]
Sompne \Somp"ne\ (? or ?), v. t.
To summon; to cite. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sompnour \Somp"nour\, n.
A summoner. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Son \Son\, n. [OE. sone, sune, AS. sunu; akin to D. zoon, OS.,
OFries., & OHG. sunu, G. sohn, Icel. sonr, Sw. son, Dan.
s["o]n, Goth. sunus, Lith. sunus, Russ. suin', Skr. s[=u]nu
(from s[=u] to beget, to bear), and Gr. ? son. [root]293. Cf.
{Sow}, n.]
1. A male child; the male issue, or offspring, of a parent,
father or mother.
Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son. --Gen. xxi.
2.
2. A male descendant, however distant; hence, in the plural,
descendants in general.
I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings.
--Isa. xix.
11.
I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye sons of
Jacob are not consumed. --Mal. iii. 6.
3. Any young male person spoken of as a child; an adopted
male child; a pupil, ward, or any other male dependent.
The child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's
daughter, and he became her son. --Ex. ii. 10.
Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift. --Shak.
4. A native or inhabitant of some specified place; as, sons
of Albion; sons of New England.
5. The produce of anything.
Earth's tall sons, the cedar, oak, and pine.
--Blackmore.
6. (Commonly with the def. article) Jesus Christ, the Savior;
-- called the Son of God, and the Son of man.
We . . . do testify that the Father sent the Son to
be the Savior of the world. --1 John iv.
14.
Who gave His Son sure all has given. --Keble.
Note: The expressions son of pride, sons of light, son of
Belial, are Hebraisms, which denote persons possessing
the qualitites of pride, of light, or of Belial, as
children inherit the qualities of their ancestors.
{Sons of the prophets}. See School of the prophets, under
{Prophet}.
Sonance \So"nance\, n.
1. A sound; a tune; as, to sound the tucket sonance. [Obs.]
--Shak.
2. The quality or state of being sonant.
Sonant \So"nant\, a. [L. sonans, -antis, p. pr. of sonare to
sound. See {Sound} a noise.]
1. Of or pertaining to sound; sounding.
2. (Phonetics) Uttered, as an element of speech, with tone or
proper vocal sound, as distinguished from mere breath
sound; intonated; voiced; tonic; the opposite of nonvocal,
or surd; -- sid of the vowels, semivowels, liquids, and
nasals, and particularly of the consonants b, d, g hard,
v, etc., as compared with their cognates p, t, k, f, etc.,
which are called nonvocal, surd, or aspirate. -- n. A
sonant letter.
Sonata \So*na"ta\, n. [It., fr. It. & L. sonare to sound. See
{Sound} a noise.] (Mus.)
An extended composition for one or two instruments,
consisting usually of three or four movements; as,
Beethoven's sonatas for the piano, for the violin and piano,
etc.
Note: The same general structure prevails in symphonies,
instrumental trios, quartets, etc., and even in
classical concertos. The sonata form, distinctively,
characterizes the quick opening movement, which may
have a short, slow introduction; the second, or slow,
movement is either in the song or variation form; third
comes the playful minuet of the more modern scherzo;
then the quick finale in the rondo form. But both form
and order are sometimes exceptional.
Sonatina \So`na*ti"na\, n. [It.] (Mus.)
A short and simple sonata.
Soncy \Son"cy\, Sonsy \Son"sy\, a. [Scot. sonce, sons,
prosperity, happiness, fr. Gael. & Ir. sonas.]
Lucky; fortunate; thriving; plump. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Sond \Sond\, Sonde \Sonde\, n. [AS. sand. See {Send}, v. t.]
That which is sent; a message or messenger; hence, also, a
visitation of providence; an affliction or trial. [Obs.]
Ye have enough, parde, of Goddes sond. --Chaucer.
Sondeli \Son"de*li\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The musk shrew. See under {Musk}.
Song \Song\ (?; 115), n. [AS. song, sang, fr. singan to sing;
akin to D. zang, G. sang, Icel. s["o]ngr, Goeth. sagws. See
{Sing}.]
1. That which is sung or uttered with musical modulations of
the voice, whether of a human being or of a bird, insect,
etc. ``That most ethereal of all sounds, the song of
crickets.'' --Hawthorne.
2. A lyrical poem adapted to vocal music; a ballad.
3. More generally, any poetical strain; a poem.
The bard that first adorned our native tongue Tuned
to his British lyre this ancient song. --Dryden.
4. Poetical composition; poetry; verse.
This subject for heroic song. --Milton.
5. An object of derision; a laughingstock.
And now am I their song. yea, I am their byword.
--Job xxx. 9.
6. A trifle. ``The soldier's pay is a song.'' --Silliman.
{Old song}, a trifle; nothing of value. ``I do not intend to
be thus put off with an old song.'' --Dr. H. More.
{Song bird} (Zo["o]l.), any singing bird; one of the Oscines.
{Song sparrow} (Zo["o]l.), a very common North American
sparrow ({Melospiza fasciata}, or {M. melodia}) noted for
the sweetness of its song in early spring. Its breast is
covered with dusky brown streaks which form a blotch in
the center.
{Song thrush} (Zo["o]l.), a common European thrush ({Turdus
musicus}), noted for its melodius song; -- called also
{mavis}, {throsite}, and {thrasher}.
Syn: Sonnet; ballad; canticle; carol; canzonet; ditty; hymn;
descant; lay; strain; poesy; verse.
Songcraft \Song"craft`\, n.
The art of making songs or verse; metrical composition;
versification.
A half-effected inscription. Written with little skill
of songcraft. --Longfellow.
Songful \Song"ful\, a.
Disposed to sing; full of song.
Songish \Song"ish\, a.
Consisting of songs. [R.] --Dryden.
Songless \Song"less\, a.
Destitute of the power of song; without song; as, songless
birds; songless woods.
Songster \Song"ster\, n. [AS. sangestre a female singer.]
1. One who sings; one skilled in singing; -- not often
applied to human beings.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A singing bird.
Songstress \Song"stress\, n. [See {Songster}, and {-ess}.]
A woman who sings; a female singing bird. --Thomson.
Sonifer \Son"i*fer\, n. [NL. See {Soniferous}.]
A kind of ear trumpet for the deaf, or the partially deaf.
Soniferous \So*nif"er*ous\, a. [L. sonus sound + -ferous.]
Sounding; producing sound; conveying sound.
Sonification \Son`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. sonus sound + -ficare
(in comp.) to make. See {-fy}.]
The act of producing sound, as the stridulation of insects.
Son-in-law \Son"-in-law`\, n.; pl. {Sons-in-law}.
The husband of one's daughter; a man in his relationship to
his wife's parents.
To take me as for thy son in lawe. --Chaucer.
Sonless \Son"less\, a.
Being without a son. --Marston.
As no baron who was sonless could give a husband to his
daughter, save with his lord's consent. --J. R. Green.
Sonnet \Son"net\, n. [F., fr. It. sonetto, fr. suono a sound, a
song, fr. L. sonus a sound. See {Sound} noise.]
1. A short poem, -- usually amatory. [Obs.] --Shak.
He had a wonderful desire to chant a sonnet or hymn
unto Apollo Pythius. --Holland.
2. A poem of fourteen lines, -- two stanzas, called the
octave, being of four verses each, and two stanzas, called
the sestet, of three verses each, the rhymes being
adjusted by a particular rule.
Note: In the proper sonnet each line has five accents, and
the octave has but two rhymes, the second, third,
sixth, and seventh lines being of one thyme, and the
first, fourth, fifth, and eighth being of another. In
the sestet there are sometimes two and sometimes three
rhymes; but in some way its two stazas rhyme together.
Often the three lines of the first stanza rhyme
severally with the three lines of the second. In
Shakespeare's sonnets, the first twelve lines rhymed
alternately, and the last two rhyme together.
Sonnet \Son"net\, v. i.
To compose sonnets. ``Strains that come almost to
sonneting.'' --Milton.
Sonneteer \Son`net*eer"\, n.
A composer of sonnets, or small poems; a small poet; --
usually in contempt.
What woful stuff this madrigal would be In some starved
hackney sonneteer or me! --Pope.
Sonneteer \Son`net*eer"\, v. i.
To compose sonnets. --Lowell.
Sonneter \Son"net*er\, n.
A composer of sonnets.
Sonnetist \Son"net*ist\, n.
A sonneter, or sonneteer. --Bp. Hall.
Sonnetize \Son"net*ize\, v. i.
To compose sonnets.
Sonnish \Son"nish\, a.
Like the sun; sunny; golden. [Obs.] ``Her sonnish hairs.''
--Chaucer.
Sonnite \Son"nite\, n.
See {Sunnite}.
Sonometer \So*nom"e*ter\, n. [L. sonus a sound + -meter.]
1. (Physiol.) An instrument for exhibiting the transverse
vibrations of cords, and ascertaining the relations
between musical notes. It consists of a cord stretched by
weight along a box, and divided into different lengths at
pleasure by a bridge, the place of which is determined by
a scale on the face of the box.
2. An instrument for testing the hearing capacity.
Sonorific \Son`o*rif"ic\, a. [L. sonor, -oris, a sound + facere
to make. See {Sonorous}.]
Producing sound; as, the sonorific quality of a body. [R.]
--I. Watts.
Sonority \So*nor"i*ty\, n. [L. sonoritas.]
The quality or state of being sonorous; sonorousness.
Sonorous \So*no"rous\, a. [L. sonorus, fr. sonor, -oris, a
sound, akin to sonus a sound. See {Sound}.]
1. Giving sound when struck; resonant; as, sonorous metals.
2. Loud-sounding; giving a clear or loud sound; as, a
sonorous voice.
3. Yielding sound; characterized by sound; vocal; sonant; as,
the vowels are sonorous.
4. Impressive in sound; high-sounding.
The Italian opera, amidst all the meanness and
familiarty of the thoughts, has something beautiful
and sonorous in the expression. --Addison.
There is nothing of the artificial Johnsonian
balance in his style. It is as often marked by a
pregnant brevity as by a sonorous amplitude. --E.
Everett.
5. (Med.) Sonant; vibrant; hence, of sounds produced in a
cavity, deep-toned; as, sonorous rhonchi.
{Sonorous figures} (Physics), figures formed by the
vibrations of a substance capable of emitting a musical
tone, as when the bow of a violin is drawn along the edge
of a piece of glass or metal on which sand is strewed, and
the sand arranges itself in figures according to the
musical tone. Called also {acoustic figures}.
{Sonorous tumor} (Med.), a tumor which emits a clear,
resonant sound on percussion. -- {So*no"rous*ly}, adv. --
{So*no"rous*ness}, n.
Sonship \Son"ship\, n.
The state of being a son, or of bearing the relation of a
son; filiation. --Dr. H. More.
Sonsy \Son"sy\, a.
See {Soncy}. [Scot.] --Burns.
Sontag \Son"tag\, n. [So called from from Mme. Henriette Sontag,
a famous singer.]
A knitted worsted jacket, worn over the waist of a woman's
dress.
Sonties \Son"ties\, n.
Probably from ``saintes'' saints, or from sanctities; -- used
as an oath. [Obs.] --Shak.
Soochong \Soo*chong"\, n.
Same as {Souchong}.
Soodra \Soo"dra\
Same as {Sudra}.
Soofee \Soo"fee\, Soofeeism \Soo"fee*ism\
Same as {Sufi}, {Sufism}.
Soojee \Soo"jee\, n.
Same as {Suji}.
Soon \Soon\, adv. [OE. sone, AS. s?na; cf. OFries. s?n, OS.
s[=a]na, s[=a]no, OHG. s[=a]r, Goth. suns.]
1. In a short time; shortly after any time specified or
supposed; as, soon after sunrise. ``Sooner said than
done.'' --Old Proverb. ``As soon as it might be.''
--Chaucer.
She finished, and the subtle fiend his lore Soon
learned. --Milton.
2. Without the usual delay; before any time supposed; early.
How is it that ye are come so soon to-day? --Ex. ii.
18.
3. Promptly; quickly; easily.
Small lights are soon blown out, huge fires abide.
--Shak.
4. Readily; willingly; -- in this sense used with would, or
some other word expressing will.
I would as soon see a river winding through woods or
in meadows, as when it is tossed up in so many
whimsical figures at Versailles. --Addison.
{As soon as}, or {So soon as}, immediately at or after
another event. ``As soon as he came nigh unto the camp . .
. he saw the calf, and the dancing.'' --Ex. xxxii. 19. See
{So . . . as}, under {So}.
{Soon at}, as soon as; or, as soon as the time referred to
arrives. [Obs.] ``I shall be sent for soon at night.''
--Shak.
{Sooner or later}, at some uncertain time in the future; as,
he will discover his mistake sooner or later.
{With the soonest}, as soon as any; among the earliest; too
soon. [Obs.] --Holland.
Soon \Soon\, a.
Speedy; quick. [Obs.] --Shak.
Soonee \Soo"nee\, n.
See {Sunnite}.
Soonly \Soon"ly\, adv.
Soon. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Soord \Soord\, n.
Skin of bacon. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Soorma \Soor"ma\, n. [Hind. & Per. surma.]
A preparation of antimony with which Mohammedan men anoint
their eyelids.
Sooshong \Soo*shong"\, n.
See {Souchong}.
Soosoo \Soo"soo\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of dolphin ({Platanista Gangeticus}) native of the
river Ganges; the Gangetic dolphin. It has a long, slender,
somewhat spatulate beak. [Written also {susu}.]
Soot \Soot\ (? or ?; 277), n. [OE. sot, AS. s?t; akin to Icel.
s?t, Sw. sot, Dan. sod, OD. soet, Lith. s?dis; cf. Gael.
suith, Ir. suth.]
A black substance formed by combustion, or disengaged from
fuel in the process of combustion, which rises in fine
particles, and adheres to the sides of the chimney or pipe
conveying the smoke; strictly, the fine powder, consisting
chiefly of carbon, which colors smoke, and which is the
result of imperfect combustion. See {Smoke}.
Soot \Soot\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sooted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sooting}.]
To cover or dress with soot; to smut with, or as with, soot;
as, to soot land. --Mortimer.
Soot \Soot\, Soote \Soot"e\, a. [See {Sweet}.]
Sweet. [Obs.] ``The soote savour of the vine.'' --Chaucer.
Sooterkin \Soot"er*kin\, n. [Cf. Prov. G. suttern to boil
gently.]
A kind of false birth, fabled to be produced by Dutch women
from sitting over their stoves; also, an abortion, in a
figurative sense; an abortive scheme.
Fruits of dull heat, and sooterkins of wit. --Pope.
Sooth \Sooth\ (s[=oo]th), a.; also adv. [Compar. {Soother}
(s[=oo]th"[~e]r); superl. {Soothest}.] [OE. soth, AS.
s[=o][eth], for san[eth]; akin to OS. s[=o][eth], OHG. sand,
Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real,
genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root meaning,
to be, Skr. as, L. esse; also akin to Goth. sunjis true, Gr.
'eteo`s, Skr. satya. [root]9. Cf. {Absent}, {Am}, {Essence},
{Is}, {Soothe}, {Sutee}.]
1. True; faithful; trustworthy. [Obs. or Scot.]
The sentence [meaning] of it sooth is, out of doubt.
--Chaucer.
That shall I sooth (said he) to you declare.
--Spensser.
2. Pleasing; delightful; sweet. [R.]
The soothest shepherd that ever piped on plains.
--Milton.
With jellies soother than the creamy curd. --Keats.
Sooth \Sooth\, n. [AS. s[=o][eth]. See {Sooth}, a.]
1. Truth; reality. [Archaic]
The sooth it this, the cut fell to the knight.
--Chaucer.
In sooth, I know not why I am so sad. --Shak.
In good sooth, Its mystery is love, its meaninng
youth. --Longfellow.
2. Augury; prognostication. [Obs.]
The soothe of birds by beating of their wings.
--Spenser.
3. Blandishment; cajolery. [Obs.] --Shak.
Soothe \Soothe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Soothed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Soothing}.] [Originally, to assent to as true; OE. so?ien to
verify, AS. ges??ian to prove the truth of, to bear witness.
See {Sooth}, a.]
1. To assent to as true. [Obs.] --Testament of Love.
2. To assent to; to comply with; to gratify; to humor by
compliance; to please with blandishments or soft words; to
flatter.
Good, my lord, soothe him, let him take the fellow.
--Shak.
I've tried the force of every reason on him, Soothed
and caressed, been angry, soothed again. --Addison.
3. To assuage; to mollify; to calm; to comfort; as, to soothe
a crying child; to soothe one's sorrows.
Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast, To
soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak. --Congreve.
Though the sound of Fame May for a moment soothe, it
can not slake The fever of vain longing. --Byron.
Syn: To soften; assuage; allay; compose; mollify;
tranquilize; pacify; mitigate.
Soother \Sooth"er\, n.
One who, or that which, soothes.
Soothfast \Sooth"fast`\, a. [Sooth + fast, that is, fast or firm
with respect to truth.]
Firmly fixed in, or founded upon, the thruth; true; genuine;
real; also, truthful; faithful. [Archaic] --
{Sooth"fast`ness}, n. [Archaic] ``In very soothfastness.''
--Chaucer.
Why do not you . . . bear leal and soothfast evidence
in her behalf, as ye may with a clear conscience! --Sir
W. Scott.
Soothfast \Sooth"fast`\, adv.
Soothly; really; in fact. [Archaic]
I care not if the pomps you show Be what they soothfast
appear. --Emerson.
Soothing \Sooth"ing\,
a. & n. from {Soothe}, v.
Soothingly \Sooth"ing*ly\, adv.
In a soothing manner.
Soothly \Sooth"ly\, adv.
In truth; truly; really; verily. [Obs.] ``Soothly for to
say.'' --Chaucer.
Soothness \Sooth"ness\, n.
Truth; reality. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Soothsay \Sooth"say`\, v. i. [Sooth + say; properly to say
truth, tell the truth.]
To foretell; to predict. ``You can not soothsay.'' --Shak.
``Old soothsaying Glaucus' spell.'' --Milton.
Soothsay \Sooth"say`\, n.
1. A true saying; a proverb; a prophecy. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. Omen; portent. Having
God turn the same to good soothsay. --Spenser.
Soothsayer \Sooth"say`er\, n.
1. One who foretells events by the art of soothsaying; a
prognosticator.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A mantis.
Soothsaying \Sooth"say`ing\, n.
1. A true saying; truth. [Obs.]
2. The act of one who soothsays; the foretelling of events;
the art or practice of making predictions.
A damsel, possessed with a spirit of divination . .
. which brought her masters much gain by
soothsaying. --Acts xvi.
16.
3. A prediction; a prophecy; a prognostication.
Divinations and soothsayings and dreams are vain.
--Eclus.
xxxiv. 5.
Sootiness \Soot"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sooty; fuliginousness.
--Johnson.
Sootish \Soot"ish\, a.
Sooty. --Sir T. Browne.
Sooty \Soot"y\, a. [Compar {Sootier}; superl. {Sootiest}.] [AS.
s?tig. See {Soot}.]
1. Of or pertaining to soot; producing soot; soiled by soot.
``Fire of sooty coal.'' --Milton.
2. Having a dark brown or black color like soot; fuliginous;
dusky; dark. ``The grisly legions that troop under the
sooty flag of Acheron.'' --Milton.
{Sooty albatross} (Zo["o]l.), an albatross ({Ph[oe]betria
fuliginosa}) found chiefly in the Pacific Ocean; -- called
also {nellie}.
{Sooty tern} (Zo["o]l.), a tern ({Sterna fuliginosa}) found
chiefly in tropical seas.
Sooty \Soot"y\, v. t.
To black or foul with soot. [R.]
Sootied with noisome smoke. --Chapman.
Sop \Sop\, n. [OE. sop, soppe; akin to AS. s?pan to sup, to sip,
to drink, D. sop sop, G. suppe soup, Icel. soppa sop. See
{Sup}, v. t., and cf. {Soup}.]
1. Anything steeped, or dipped and softened, in any liquid;
especially, something dipped in broth or liquid food, and
intended to be eaten.
He it is to whom I shall give a sop, when I have
dipped it. --John xiii.
26.
Sops in wine, quantity, inebriate more than wine
itself. --Bacon.
The bounded waters Should lift their bosoms higher
than the shores, And make a sop of all this solid
globe. --Shak.
2. Anything given to pacify; -- so called from the sop given
to Cerberus, as related in mythology.
All nature is cured with a sop. --L'Estrange.
3. A thing of little or no value. [Obs.] --P. Plowman.
{Sops in wine} (Bot.), an old name of the clove pink,
alluding to its having been used to flavor wine.
Garlands of roses and sops in wine. --Spenser.
{Sops of wine} (Bot.), an old European variety of apple, of a
yellow and red color, shading to deep red; -- called also
{sopsavine}, and {red shropsavine}.
Sop \Sop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sopped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sopping}.]
To steep or dip in any liquid.
Sope \Sope\, n.
See {Soap}. [Obs.]
Soph \Soph\, n. (Eng. Univ.)
A contraction of {Soph ister}. [Colloq.]
Soph \Soph\, n. (Amer. Colleges)
A contraction of {Sophomore}. [Colloq.]
Sophi \So"phi\, n.; pl. {Sophis}.
See {Sufi}.
Sophic \Soph"ic\, Sophical \Soph"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? wise,
? wisdom.]
Teaching wisdom. [Obs.] --S. Harris.
Sophime \So*phime"\ (? or ?), n. [OF. soffime, sophisme.]
Sophism. [Obs.]
I trow ye study aboute some sophime. --Chaucer.
Sophism \Soph"ism\, n. [F. sophisme, L. sophisma, fr. Gr. ?, fr.
? to make wise, ? to be become wise, to play the sophist, fr.
? wise.]
The doctrine or mode of reasoning practiced by a sophist;
hence, any fallacy designed to deceive.
When a false argument puts on the appearance of a true
one, then it is properly called a sophism, or
``fallacy''. --I. Watts.
Let us first rid ourselves of sophisms, those of
depraved men, and those of heartless philosophers. --I.
Taylor.
Sophist \Soph"ist\, n. [F. sophiste, L. sophistes, fr. Gr. ?.
See {Sophism}.]
1. One of a class of men who taught eloquence, philosophy,
and politics in ancient Greece; especially, one of those
who, by their fallacious but plausible reasoning, puzzled
inquirers after truth, weakened the faith of the people,
and drew upon themselves general hatred and contempt.
Many of the Sophists doubdtless card not for truth
or morality, and merely professed to teach how to
make the worse appear the better reason; but there
scems no reason to hold that they were a special
class, teaching special opinions; even Socrates and
Plato were sometimes styled Sophists. --Liddell &
Scott.
2. Hence, an impostor in argument; a captious or fallacious
reasoner.
Sophister \Soph"ist*er\, n.
1. A sophist. See {Sophist}. [Obs.] --Hooker.
2. (Eng. Univ.) A student who is advanced beyond the first
year of his residence.
Note: The entire course at the university consists of three
years and one term, during which the students have the
titles of first-year men, or freshmen; second-year men
or junior sophs or sophisters; third-year men, or
senior sophs or sophisters; and, in the last term,
questionists, with reference to the approaching
examination. In the older American colleges, the junior
and senior classes were originally called, and in some
of them are still called, junior sophisters and senior
sophisters.
Sophister \Soph"ist*er\, v. t.
To maintain by sophistry, or by a fallacious argument. [Obs.]
--obham.
Sophistic \So*phis"tic\, Sophistical \So*phis"tic*al\, a. [L.
sophisticus, Gr. ?: cf. F. sophistique.]
Of or pertaining to a sophist; embodying sophistry;
fallaciously subtile; not sound.
His argument . . . is altogether sophistical.
--Macaulay.
-- {So*phis"tic*al*ly}, adv. -- {So*phis"tic*al*ness}, n.
Sophisticate \So*phis"ti*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Sophisticated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Sophisticating}.] [LL.
sophisticatus, p. p. of sophisticare to sophisticate.]
To render worthless by admixture; to adulterate; to damage;
to pervert; as, to sophisticate wine. --Howell.
To sophisticate the understanding. --Southey.
Yet Butler professes to stick to plain facts, not to
sophisticate, not to refine. --M. Arnold.
They purchase but sophisticated ware. --Dryden.
Syn: To adulterate; debase; corrupt; vitiate.
Sophisticate \So*phis"ti*cate\, Sophisticated
\So*phis"ti*ca`ted\, a.
Adulterated; not pure; not genuine.
So truth, while only one supplied the state, Grew scare
and dear, and yet sophisticate. --Dryden.
Sophistication \So*phis`ti*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. LL. sophisticatio,
F. sophistication.]
The act of sophisticating; adulteration; as, the
sophistication of drugs. --Boyle.
Sophisticator \So*phis"ti*ca`tor\, n.
One who sophisticates.
Sophistry \Soph"ist*ry\, n. [OE. sophistrie, OF. sophisterie.]
1. The art or process of reasoning; logic. [Obs.]
2. The practice of a sophist; fallacious reasoning; reasoning
sound in appearance only.
The juggle of sophistry consists, for the most part,
in usig a word in one sense in the premise, and in
another sense in the conclusion. --Coleridge.
Syn: See {Fallacy}.
Sophomore \Soph"o*more\, n. [Probably fr. soph or sophister +
Gr. ? foolish. The word was probably introduced into the
United States at an early date, from the University of
Cambridge, England. Among the cant terms at that university,
as given in the Gradus ad Cantabrigiam, we find Soph-Mor as
``the next distinctive appellation to Freshman,'' but the
term has now almost ceased to be known at the English
university from whence it came.]
One belonging to the second of the four classes in an
American college, or one next above a freshman. [Formerly
written also {sophimore}.]
Sophomoric \Soph`o*mor"ic\, Sophomorical \Soph`o*mor"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a sophomore; resembling a sophomore;
hence, pretentious; inflated in style or manner; as,
sophomoric affectation. [U. S.]
Sophora \So*pho"ra\, n. [Ar. ?ufair.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of leguminous plants.
(b) A tree ({Sophora Japonica}) of Eastern Asia, resembling
the common locust; occasionally planted in the United
States.
Sophta \Soph"ta\, n.
See {Softa}.
Sopite \So"pite\, v. t. [L. sopitus, p. p. of sopire to put to
sleep; akin to sopor a sleeping draught, a heavy sleep.]
To lay asleep; to put to sleep; to quiet. [Obs.]
The king's declaration for the sopiting of all Arminian
heresies. --Fuller.
Sopition \So*pi"tion\, n.
The act of putting to sleep, or the state of being put to
sleep; sleep. [Obs.]
Dementation and sopition of reason. --Sir T.
Browne.
Sopor \So"por\, n. [L.] (Med.)
Profound sleep from which a person can be roused only with
difficulty.
Soporate \Sop"o*rate\, v. t. [L. soporatus, p. p. or soporare to
put to sleep, fr. sopor a heavy sleep.]
To lay or put to sleep; to stupefy. [Obs.] --Cudworth.
Soporiferous \Sop`o*rif"er*ous\, a. [L. soparifer; sopor a heavy
sleep + ferere to bring.]
Causing sleep; somniferous; soporific. ``Soporiferous
medicine.'' --Swift. --- {Sop`o*rif"er*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Sop`o*rif"er*ous*ness}, n.
Soporific \Sop`o*rif"ic\ (?; 277), a. [L. sopor a heavy sleep
(akin to somnus sleep) + facere to make. See {Somnolent},
{Fact}.]
Causing sleep; tending to cause sleep; soporiferous; as, the
soporific virtues of opium.
Syn: Somniferous; narcotic; opiate; anodyne.
Soporific \Sop`o*rif"ic\, n.
A medicine, drug, plant, or other agent that has the quality
of inducing sleep; a narcotic.
Soporose \Sop"o*rose`\, Soporous \Sop"o*rous\, a. [From {Sopor};
cf. L. soporus, fr. sopor a heavy sleep; F. soporeux.]
Causing sleep; sleepy.
Sopper \Sop"per\, n.
One who sops. --Johnson.
Soppy \Sop"py\, a.
Soaked or saturated with liquid or moisture; very wet or
sloppy.
It [Yarmouth] looked rather spongy and soppy.
--Dickens.
Sopra \So"pra\, adv. [It., from L. supra above.] (Mus.)
Above; before; over; upon.
Sopranist \So*pra"nist\, n. (Mus.)
A treble singer.
Soprano \So*pra"no\, n.; pl. E. {Sopranos}, It. {Soprani}. [It.,
fr. soprano superior, highest, fr. sopra above, L. supra. See
{Sovereign}.] (Mus.)
(a) The treble; the highest vocal register; the highest kind
of female or boy's voice; the upper part in harmony for
mixed voices.
(b) A singer, commonly a woman, with a treble voice.
Sopsavine \Sops"a*vine\, n.
See {Sops of wine}, under {Sop}.
Sora \So"ra\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A North American rail ({Porzana Carolina}) common in the
Eastern United States. Its back is golden brown, varied with
black and white, the front of the head and throat black, the
breast and sides of the head and neck slate-colored. Called
also {American rail}, {Carolina rail}, {Carolina crake},
{common rail}, {sora rail}, {soree}, {meadow chicken}, and
{orto}.
{King sora}, the Florida gallinule.
Sorance \Sor"ance\ (? or ?), n.
Soreness. [Obs.]
Sorb \Sorb\, n.[L. sorbus the tree, sorbum the fruit; cf. F.
sorbe. See {Service tree}.] (Bot.)
(a) The wild service tree ({Pyrus torminalis}) of Europe;
also, the rowan tree.
(b) The fruit of these trees.
{Sorb apple}, the fruit of the sorb, or wild service tree.
{Sorb tree}, the wild service tree.
Sorbate \Sor"bate\, n. [Cf. F. sorbate. See {Sorbic}.] (Chem.)
A salt of sorbic acid.
Sorbefacient \Sor`be*fa"cient\, a. [L. sorbere to suck in,
absorb + faciens, p. pr. of facere to make.] (Med.)
Producing absorption. -- n. A medicine or substance which
produces absorption.
Sorbent \Sorb"ent\, n. [L. sorbens, p. pr. of sorbere to suck
in, to absorb.]
An absorbent. [R.]
Sorbet \Sor"bet\, n. [F. sorbet or It. sorbetto or Sp. sorbete,
from the same source as E. sherbet. See {Sherbet}.]
A kind of beverage; sherbet. --Smolett.
Sorbic \Sor"bic\, a. [Cf. F. sorbique. See {Sorb}.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, the rowan tree, or sorb;
specifically, designating an acid, C?H?CO?H, of the acetylene
series, found in the unripe berries of this tree, and
extracted as a white crystalline substance.
Sorbile \Sor"bile\, a. [L. sorbilis, fr. sorbere to suck in, to
drink down.]
Fit to be drunk or sipped. [Obs.]
Sorbin \Sor"bin\, n. (Chem.)
An unfermentable sugar, isomeric with glucose, found in the
ripe berries of the rowan tree, or sorb, and extracted as a
sweet white crystalline substance; -- called also
{mountain-ash sugar}.
Sorbite \Sor"bite\, n. [L. sorbus service tree.] (Chem.)
A sugarlike substance, isomeric with mannite and dulcite,
found with sorbin in the ripe berries of the sorb, and
extracted as a sirup or a white crystalline substance. --
{Sor*bit"ic}, a.
Sorbition \Sor*bi"tion\, n. [L. sorbitio.]
The act of drinking or sipping. [Obs.]
Sorbonical \Sor*bon"ic*al\, a.
Belonging to the Sorbonne or to a Sorbonist. --Bale.
Sorbonist \Sor"bon*ist\, n. [F. sorboniste.]
A doctor of the Sorbonne, or theological college, in the
University of Paris, founded by Robert de Sorbon, a. d. 1252.
It was suppressed in the Revolution of 1789.
Sorcerer \Sor"cer*er\, n. [Cf. F. sorcier. See {Sorcery}.]
A conjurer; an enchanter; a magician. --Bacon.
Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers.
--Ex. vii. 11.
Sorceress \Sor"cer*ess\, n.
A female sorcerer.
Sorcering \Sor"cer*ing\, n.
Act or practice of using sorcery.
Sorcerous \Sor"cer*ous\, a.
Of or pertaining to sorcery.
Sorcery \Sor"cer*y\, n.; pl. {Sorceries}. [OE. sorcerie, OF.
sorcerie, fr. OF. & F. sorcier a sorcerer, LL. sortiarius,
fr. L. sors, sortis, a lot, decision by lot, fate, destiny.
See {Sort}, n.]
Divination by the assistance, or supposed assistance, of evil
spirits, or the power of commanding evil spirits; magic;
necromancy; witchcraft; enchantment.
Adder's wisdom I have learned, To fence my ear against
thy sorceries. --Milton.
Sord \Sord\ (? or ?), n.
See {Sward}. [R.] --Milton.
Sordes \Sor"des\, n. [L., fr. sordere to be dirty or foul.]
Foul matter; excretion; dregs; filthy, useless, or rejected
matter of any kind; specifically (Med.), the foul matter that
collects on the teeth and tongue in low fevers and other
conditions attended with great vital depression.
Sordet \Sor"det\, n. [See {Sordine}.] (Mus.)
A sordine.
Sordid \Sor"did\, a. [L. sordidus, fr. sordere to be filthy or
dirty; probably akin to E. swart: cf. F. sordide. See
{Swart}, a.]
1. Filthy; foul; dirty. [Obs.]
A sordid god; down from his hoary chin A length of
beard descends, uncombed, unclean. --Dryden.
2. Vile; base; gross; mean; as, vulgar, sordid mortals. ``To
scorn the sordid world.'' --Milton.
3. Meanly avaricious; covetous; niggardly.
He may be old, And yet sordid, who refuses gold.
--Sir J.
Denham.
Sordidly \Sor*did"ly\, n.
Sordidness. [Obs.]
Sordidly \Sor"did*ly\, adv.
In a sordid manner.
Sordidness \Sor"did*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sordid.
Sordine \Sor"dine\ (? or ?; 277), n. [It. sordina, sordino, from
sordo deaf, dull-sounding, L. surdus. See {Surd}.] (Mus.)
See {Damper}, and 5th {Mute}.
Sore \Sore\, a. [F. saure, sore, sor; faucon sor a sore falcon.
See {Sorrel}, n.]
Reddish brown; sorrel. [R.]
{Sore falcon}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Sore}, n., 1.
Sore \Sore\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A young hawk or falcon in the first year.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A young buck in the fourth year. See the Note
under {Buck}.
Sore \Sore\, a. [Compar. {Sorer}; superl. {Sorest}.] [OE. sor,
sar, AS. s[=a]r; akin to D. zeer, OS. & OHG. s?r, G. sehr
very, Icel. s[=a]rr, Sw. s[*a]r, Goth. sair pain. Cf.
{Sorry}.]
1. Tender to the touch; susceptible of pain from pressure;
inflamed; painful; -- said of the body or its parts; as, a
sore hand.
2. Fig.: Sensitive; tender; easily pained, grieved, or vexed;
very susceptible of irritation.
Malice and hatred are very fretting and vexatious,
and apt to make our minds sore and uneasy.
--Tillotson.
3. Severe; afflictive; distressing; as, a sore disease; sore
evil or calamity. --Shak.
4. Criminal; wrong; evil. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Sore throat} (Med.), inflammation of the throat and tonsils;
pharyngitis. See {Cynanche}.
{Malignant}, {Ulcerated} or {Putrid}, {sore throat}. See
{Angina}, and under {Putrid}.
Sore \Sore\, n. [OE. sor, sar, AS. s[=a]r. See {Sore}, a.]
1. A place in an animal body where the skin and flesh are
ruptured or bruised, so as to be tender or painful; a
painful or diseased place, such as an ulcer or a boil.
The dogs came and licked his sores. --Luke xvi.
21.
2. Fig.: Grief; affliction; trouble; difficulty. --Chaucer.
I see plainly where his sore lies. --Sir W.
Scott.
{Gold sore}. (Med.) See under {Gold}, n.
Sore \Sore\, adv. [AS. s[=a]re. See {Sore}, a.]
1. In a sore manner; with pain; grievously.
Thy hand presseth me sore. --Ps. xxxviii.
2.
2. Greatly; violently; deeply.
[Hannah] prayed unto the Lord and wept sore. --1
Sam. i. 10.
Sore sighed the knight, who this long sermon heard.
--Dryden.
Soredia \So*re"di*a\, n.,
pl. of {Soredium}.
Sorediate \So*re"di*ate\, a. (Bot.)
Soredi["i]ferous.
Sordiferous \Sor`*dif"er*ous\, or Sorediiferous
\So*re`di*if"er*ous\, a. [Soredium + -ferous.] (Bot.)
Bearing soredia; sorediate.
Soredium \So*re"di*um\, n.; pl. {Soredia}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a
heap.] (Bot.)
A patch of granular bodies on the surface of the thallus of
lichens.
Soree \So"ree\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Sora}.
Sorehead \Sore"head`\, n.
One who is disgruntled by a failure in politics, or the like.
[Slang, U.S.]
Sorehon \Sore"hon\, n. [Corrupted from sojourn, Scot. soirne,
sorn.]
Formerly, in Ireland, a kind of servile tenure which
subjected the tenant to maintain his chieftain gratuitously
whenever he wished to indulge in a revel. --Spenser.
Sorel \Sor"el\, n. [A diminutive. See {Sore} reddish brown.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A young buck in the third year. See the Note
under {Buck}. --Shak.
2. A yellowish or reddish brown color; sorrel.
Sorely \Sore"ly\, adv.
In a sore manner; grievously; painfully; as, to be sorely
afflicted.
Sorema \So*re"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a heap.] (Bot.)
A heap of carpels belonging to one flower.
Soreness \Sore"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sore; tenderness; painfull; as,
the soreness of a wound; the soreness of an affliction.
Sorex \So"rex\, n. [L., a shrew.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of small Insectivora, including the common shrews.
Sorgne \Sor"gne\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The three-beared rocking, or whistlefish. [Prov. Eng.]
Sorghum \Sor"ghum\, n. [NL., probably of Chinese origin.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of grasses, properly limited to two species,
{Sorghum Halepense}, the Arabian millet, or Johnson grass
(see {Johnson grass}), and {S. vulgare}, the Indian
millet (see {Indian millet}, under {Indian}).
(b) A variety of {Sorghum vulgare}, grown for its saccharine
juice; the Chinese sugar cane.
Sorgo \Sor"go\, n. [Cf. It. sorgo. See {Sorghum}.] (Bot.)
Indian millet and its varieties. See {Sorghum}.
Sori \So"ri\, n.,
pl. of {Sorus}.
Soricine \So"ri*cine\, a. [L. sorricinus, fr. sorex a shrew.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Shrew family (Soricid[ae]); like a
shrew in form or habits; as, the soricine bat ({Glossophaga
soricina}).
Sorites \So*ri"tes\, n. [L., from Gr. swrei`ths (sc.
syllogismo`s), properly, heaped up (hence, a heap of
syllogisms), fr. swro`s a heap.] (Logic)
An abridged form of stating of syllogisms in a series of
propositions so arranged that the predicate of each one that
precedes forms the subject of each one that follows, and the
conclusion unites the subject of the first proposition with
the predicate of the last proposition, as in following
example;
The soul is a thinking agent; A thinking agent can not
be severed into parts; That which can not be severed
can not be destroyed; Therefore the soul can not be
destroyed.
Note: When the series is arranged in the reverse order, it is
called the Goclenian sorites, from Goclenius, a
philosopher of the sixteenth century.
{Destructive sorities}. See under {Destructive}.
Soritical \So"rit"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a sorites; resembling a sorites.
Sorn \Sorn\, v. i. [See {Sorehon}.]
To obtrude one's self on another for bed and board. [Scot.]
--Sir W. Scott.
Sorner \Sorn"er\, n.
One who obtrudes himself on another for bed and board.
[Scot.] --De Quncey.
Sororal \So*ro"ral\, a. [L. soror sister: cf. F. sororal.]
Relating to a sister; sisterly. [R.]
Sororicide \So*ror"i*cide\ (?; 277), n. [L. sororocida, and
sororicidium; soror a sister + caedere to kill.]
The murder of one's sister; also, one who murders or kills
one's own sister. --Johnson.
Sororize \So*ro"rize\ (? or ?), v. i. [L. soror, sororis, a
sister.]
To associate, or hold fellowship, as sisters; to have
sisterly feelings; -- analogous to fraternize. [Recent & R.]
Sorosis \So*ro"sis\, n. [NL. See {Sororize}.]
A woman's club; an association of women. [U. S.]
Sorosis \So*ro"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a heap.] (Bot.)
A fleshy fruit formed by the consolidation of many flowers
with their receptacles, ovaries, etc., as the breadfruit,
mulberry, and pineapple.
Sorrage \Sor"rage\ (?; 48), n. [Cf. {Sorrel}, n.]
The blades of green or barley. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Sorrance \Sor"rance\, n.
Same as {Sorance}. [Obs.]
Sorrel \Sor"rel\, a. [F. saur, saure, OF. sor, sore, probably of
Teutonic origin; cf. D. zoor dry, LG. soor; the meaning
probably coming from the color of dry leaves. See {Sear}, a.,
and cf. {Sorel}.]
Of a yellowish or redish brown color; as, a sorrel horse.
Sorrel \Sor"rel\, n.
A yellowish or redish brown color.
Sorrel \Sor"rel\, n. [F. surelle, fr. sur sour, fr. OHG. s?r
sour. See {Sour}.] (Bot.)
One of various plants having a sour juice; especially, a
plant of the genus {Rumex}, as {Rumex Acetosa}, {Rumex
Acetosella}, etc.
{Mountain sorrel}. (Bot.) See under {Mountain}.
{Red sorrel}. (Bot.)
(a) A malvaceous plant ({Hibiscus Sabdariffa}) whose acid
calyxes and capsules are used in the West Indies for
making tarts and acid drinks.
(b) A troublesome weed ({Rumex Acetosella}), also called
{sheep sorrel}.
{Salt of sorrel} (Chem.), binoxalate of potassa; -- so called
because obtained from the juice of {Rumex Acetosella}, or
{Rumex Axetosa}.
{Sorrel tree} (Bot.), a small ericaceous tree ({Oxydendrum
arboreum}) whose leaves resemble those of the peach and
have a sour taste. It is common along the Alleghanies.
Called also {sourwood}.
{Wood sorrel} (Bot.), any plant of the genus Oxalis.
Sorrento work \Sor"ren"to work`\
Ornamental work, mostly carved in olivewood, decorated with
inlay, made at or near Sorrento, Italy. Hence, more rarely,
jig-saw work and the like done anywhere.
Sorrily \Sor"ri*ly\, adv.
In a sorry manner; poorly.
Thy pipe, O Pan, shall help, though I sing sorrily.
--Sir P.
Sidney.
Sorriness \Sor"ri*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sorry.
Sorrow \Sor"row\, n. [OE. sorwe, sorewe, sor?e, AS. sorg, sorh;
akin to D. zorg care, anxiety, OS. sorga, OHG. sorga, soraga,
suorga, G. sorge, Icel., Sw., & Dan. sorg, Goth. sa['u]rga;
of unknown origin.]
The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the loss
of any good, real or supposed, or by diseappointment in the
expectation of good; grief at having suffered or occasioned
evil; regret; unhappiness; sadness. --Milton.
How great a sorrow suffereth now Arcite! --Chaucer.
The safe and general antidote against sorrow is
employment. --Rambler.
Syn: Grief; unhappiness; regret; sadness; heaviness;
mourning; affliction. See {Affliction}, and {Grief}.
Sorrow \Sor"row\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sorrowed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sorrowing}.] [OE. sorowen, sorwen, sorhen, AS. sorgian;
akin to Goth. sa['u]rgan. See {Sorrow}, n.]
To feel pain of mind in consequence of evil experienced,
feared, or done; to grieve; to be sad; to be sorry.
Sorrowing most of all . . . that they should see his
face no more. --Acts xx. 38.
I desire no man to sorrow for me. --Sir J.
Hayward.
Sorrowed \Sor"rowed\, a.
Accompanied with sorrow; sorrowful. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sorrowful \Sor"row*ful\, a. [OE. sorweful, AS. sorgful.]
1. Full of sorrow; exhibiting sorrow; sad; dejected;
distressed. ``This sorrowful prisoner.'' --Chaucer.
My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death.
--Matt. xxvi.
38.
2. Producing sorrow; exciting grief; mournful; lamentable;
grievous; as, a sorrowful accident.
Syn: Sad; mournful; dismal; disconsolate; drear; dreary;
grievous; lamentable; doleful; distressing. --
{Sor"row*ful*ly}, adv. -- {Sor"row*ful*ness}, n.
Sorrowless \Sor"row*less\, a.
Free from sorrow.
Sorry \Sor"ry\, a. [Compar. {Sorrier}; superl. {Sorriest}.] [OE.
sory, sary, AS. s[=a]rig, fr. s[=a]r, n., sore. See {Sore},
n. & a. The original sense was, painful; hence. miserable,
sad.]
1. Grieved for the loss of some good; pained for some evil;
feeling regret; -- now generally used to express light
grief or affliction, but formerly often used to express
deeper feeling. ``I am sorry for my sins.'' --Piers
Plowman.
Ye were made sorry after a godly manner. --2 Cor.
vii. 9.
I am sorry for thee, friend; 't is the duke's
pleasure. --Shak.
She entered, were he lief or sorry. --Spenser.
2. Melancholy; dismal; gloomy; mournful. --Spenser.
All full of chirking was this sorry place.
--Chaucer.
3. Poor; mean; worthless; as, a sorry excuse. ``With sorry
grace.'' --Chaucer.
Cheeks of sorry grain will serve. --Milton.
Good fruit will sometimes grow on a sorry tree.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Syn: Hurt; afflicted; mortified; vexed; chagrined;
melancholy; dismal; poor; mean; pitiful.
Sors \Sors\, n.; pl. {Sortes}. [L.]
A lot; also, a kind of divination by means of lots.
{Sortes Homeric[ae]} or {Virgilian[ae]} [L., Homeric or
Virgilian lots], a form of divination anciently practiced,
which consisted in taking the first passage on which the
eye fell, upon opening a volume of Homer or Virgil, or a
passage drawn from an urn which several were deposited, as
indicating future events, or the proper course to be
pursued. In later times the Bible was used for the same
purpose by Christians.
Sort \Sort\, n. [F. sorl, L. sors, sortis. See {Sort} kind.]
Chance; lot; destiny. [Obs.]
By aventure, or sort, or cas [chance]. --Chaucer.
Let blockish Ajax draw The sort to fight with Hector.
--Shak.
Sort \Sort\, n. [F. sorie (cf. It. sorta, sorte), from L. sors,
sorti, a lot, part, probably akin to serere to connect. See
{Series}, and cf. {Assort}, {Consort}, {Resort}, {Sorcery},
{Sort} lot.]
1. A kind or species; any number or collection of individual
persons or things characterized by the same or like
qualities; a class or order; as, a sort of men; a sort of
horses; a sort of trees; a sort of poems.
2. Manner; form of being or acting.
Which for my part I covet to perform, In sort as
through the world I did proclaim. --Spenser.
Flowers, in such sort worn, can neither be smelt nor
seen well by those that wear them. --Hooker.
I'll deceive you in another sort. --Shak.
To Adam in what sort Shall I appear? --Milton.
I shall not be wholly without praise, if in some
sort I have copied his style. --Dryden.
3. Condition above the vulgar; rank. [Obs.] --Shak.
4. A chance group; a company of persons who happen to be
together; a troop; also, an assemblage of animals. [Obs.]
``A sort of shepherds.'' --Spenser. ``A sort of steers.''
--Spenser. ``A sort of doves.'' --Dryden. ``A sort of
rogues.'' --Massinger.
A boy, a child, and we a sort of us, Vowed against
his voyage. --Chapman.
5. A pair; a set; a suit. --Johnson.
6. pl. (Print.) Letters, figures, points, marks, spaces, or
quadrats, belonging to a case, separately considered.
{Out of sorts} (Print.), with some letters or sorts of type
deficient or exhausted in the case or font; hence,
colloquially, out of order; ill; vexed; disturbed.
{To run upon sorts} (Print.), to use or require a greater
number of some particular letters, figures, or marks than
the regular proportion, as, for example, in making an
index.
Syn: Kind; species; rank; condition.
Usage: {Sort}, {Kind}. Kind originally denoted things of the
same family, or bound together by some natural
affinity; and hence, a class. Sort signifies that
which constitutes a particular lot of parcel, not
implying necessarily the idea of affinity, but of mere
assemblage. the two words are now used to a great
extent interchangeably, though sort (perhaps from its
original meaning of lot) sometimes carries with it a
slight tone of disparagement or contempt, as when we
say, that sort of people, that sort of language.
As when the total kind Of birds, in orderly array on wing,
Came summoned over Eden to receive Their names of there.
--Milton.
None of noble sort Would so offend a virgin. --Shak.
Sort \Sort\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sorted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sorting}.]
1. To separate, and place in distinct classes or divisions,
as things having different qualities; as, to sort cloths
according to their colors; to sort wool or thread
according to its fineness.
Rays which differ in refrangibility may be parted
and sorted from one another. --Sir I.
Newton.
2. To reduce to order from a confused state. --Hooker.
3. To conjoin; to put together in distribution; to class.
Shellfish have been, by some of the ancients,
compared and sorted with insects. --Bacon.
She sorts things present with things past. --Sir J.
Davies.
4. To choose from a number; to select; to cull.
That he may sort out a worthy spouse. --Chapman.
I'll sort some other time to visit you. --Shak.
5. To conform; to adapt; to accommodate. [R.]
I pray thee, sort thy heart to patience. --Shak.
Sort \Sort\, v. i.
1. To join or associate with others, esp. with others of the
same kind or species; to agree.
Nor do metals only sort and herd with metals in the
earth, and minerals with minerals. --Woodward.
The illiberality of parents towards children makes
them base, and sort with any company. --Bacon.
2. To suit; to fit; to be in accord; to harmonize.
They are happy whose natures sort with their
vocations. --Bacon.
Things sort not to my will. --herbert.
I can not tell you precisely how they sorted. --Sir
W. Scott.
Sortable \Sort"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. sortable suitable.]
1. Capable of being sorted.
2. Suitable; befitting; proper. [Obs.] --con.
Sortably \Sort"a*bly\, adv.
Suitable. [Obs.] --otgrave.
Sortal \Sort"al\, a.
Pertaining to a sort. [Obs.] --Locke.
Sortance \Sort"ance\, n. [From {Sort}, v. i.]
Suitableness; agreement. [Obs.] --hak.
Sorter \Sort"er\, n.
One who, or that which, sorts.
Sortes \Sor"tes\, n.,
pl. of {Sors}.
Sortie \Sor"tie\ (?; 277), n. [F., fr. sortir to go out, to
issue, probably fr. L. sortus, for surrectus, p. p. of
surgere to raise up, to rise up. See {Source}.] (Mil.)
The sudden issuing of a body of troops, usually small, from a
besieged place to attack or harass the besiegers; a sally.
Sortilege \Sor"ti*lege\, n. [F. sortil[`e]ge, fr. L. sors,
sortis, a lot + legere to gather, to select.]
The act or practice of drawing lots; divination by drawing
lots.
A woman infamous for sortileges and witcheries. --Sir
W. Scott.
Sortilegious \Sor`ti*le"gious\, a.
Pertaining to sortilege.
Sortilegy \Sor"til"e*gy\, n.
Sortilege. [R.] --De Quincey.
Sortition \Sor*ti"tion\, n. [L. sortitio, from sortiri to draw
or cast lots, fr. sors, sortis, a lot.]
Selection or appointment by lot. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Sortment \Sort"ment\, n.
Assortiment. [Obs.]
Sorus \So"rus\, n.; pl. {Sori}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a heap.] (Bot.)
One of the fruit dots, or small clusters of sporangia, on the
back of the fronds of ferns.
Sorwe \Sor"we\, n. & v.
Sorrow. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sorweful \Sor"we*ful\, a.
Sorrowful. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sory \So"ry\, n. [L. sory, Gr. ?.] (Old Min. Chem.)
Green vitriol, or some earth imregnated with it.
So-so \So"-so`\, a. [So + so.]
Neither very good nor very bad; middling; passable;
tolerable; indifferent.
In some Irish houses, where things are so-so, One
gammon of bacon hangs up for a show. --Goldsmith.
He [Burns] certainly wrote some so-so verses to the
Tree of Liberty. --Prof.
Wilson.
So-so \So"-so`\, adv.
Tolerably; passably. --H. James.
Soss \Soss\ (?; 115), v. i. [Cf. {Souse}.]
To fall at once into a chair or seat; to sit lazily. [Obs.]
--Swift.
Soss \Soss\, v. t.
To throw in a negligent or careless manner; to toss. [Obs.]
--Swift.
Soss \Soss\, n.
1. A lazy fellow. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
2. A heavy fall. [Prov. Eng.] --Hallowell.
Soss \Soss\, n. [See {Sesspol}.]
Anything dirty or muddy; a dirty puddle. [Prov. Eng.]
Sostenuto \Sos`te*nu"to\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
Sustained; -- applied to a movement or passage the sounds of
which are to sustained to the utmost of the nominal value of
the time; also, to a passage the tones of which are to be
somewhat prolonged or protacted.
Sot \Sot\, n. [F., fr. LL. sottus; of unknown origin, cf. Ir.
sotal pride, soithir proud, or Chald. & NHeb. shoten
foolish.]
1. A stupid person; a blockhead; a dull fellow; a dolt.
[Obs.] --outh.
In Egypt oft has seen the sot bow down, And
reverence some d?ified baboon. --Oldham.
2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking; an habitual
drunkard. ``A brutal sot.'' --Granville.
Every sign That calls the staring sots to nasty
wine. --Roscommon.
Sot \Sot\, a.
Sottish; foolish; stupid; dull. [Obs.] ``Rich, but sot.''
--Marston.
Sot \Sot\, v. t.
To stupefy; to infatuate; to besot. [R.]
I hate to see a brave, bold fellow sotted. --Dryden.
Sot \Sot\, v. i.
To tipple to stupidity. [R.] --Goldsmith.
Sotadean \So`ta*de"an\, a.
Sotadic.
Sotadic \So*tad"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, the lascivious compositions of
the Greek poet Sotades. -- n. A Sotadic verse or poem.
Sote \Sote\, a.
Sweet. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Fairfax.
Sotel \So"tel\, Sotil \So"til\, a.
Subtile. [Obs.]
Soteriology \So*te`ri*ol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? safety (from ? saving,
? a savoir, ? to save) + -logy.]
1. A discourse on health, or the science of promoting and
preserving health.
2. (Theol.) The doctrine of salvation by Jesus Christ.
Sothe \Sothe\ (? or ?), a.
Sooth. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sothiac \So"thi*ac\, Sothic \Soth"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to Sothis, the Egyptian name for the Dog
Star; taking its name from the Dog Star; canicular.
{Sothiac}, or {Sothic}, {year} (Chronol.), the Egyptian year
of 365 days and 6 hours, as distinguished from the
Egyptian vague year, which contained 365 days. The Sothic
period consists of 1,460 Sothic years, being equal to
1,461 vague years. One of these periods ended in July, a.
d. 139.
Sotilte \So"til*te\, n.
Subtlety. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sotted \Sot"ted\,
a. & p. p. of {Sot}. Befooled; deluded; besotted. [Obs.]
``This sotted priest.'' --Chaucer.
Sottery \Sot"ter*y\, n.
Folly. [Obs.] --Gauden.
Sottish \Sot"tish\, a. [From {Sot}.]
Like a sot; doltish; very foolish; drunken.
How ignorant are sottish pretenders to astrology!
--Swift.
Syn: Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; infatuate. --
{Sot"tish*ly}, adv. -- {Sot"tish*ness}, n.
Sotto voce \Sot`to vo"ce\ [It.]
1. (Mus.) With a restrained voice or moderate force; in an
undertone.
2. Spoken low or in an undertone.
Sou \Sou\, n.; pl. {Sous}or. [F. sou, OF. sol, from L. solidus a
gold coin, in LL., a coin of less value. See {Sold}, n.,
{Solid}, and and cf. {Sol}, {Soldo}.]
An old French copper coin, equivalent in value to, and now
displaced by, the five-centime piece (1/20 of a franc), which
is popularly called a sou.
Souari nut \Sou*a"ri nut`\ (Bot.)
The large edible nutlike seed of a tall tropical American
tree ({Caryocar nuciferum}) of the same natural order with
the tea plant; -- also called {butternut}. [Written also
{sawarra nut}.]
Soubah \Sou"bah\, n.
See {Subah}.
Soubahdar \Sou"bah*dar\, n.
See {Subahdar}.
Soubrette \Sou`brette"\, n. [F.]
A female servant or attendant; specifically, as a term of the
theater, a lady's maid, in comedies, who acts the part of an
intrigante; a meddlesome, mischievous female servant or young
woman.
Soubriquet \Sou`bri`quet"\, n.
See {Sobriquet}.
Souce \Souce\, n.
See 1st {Souse}.
Souce \Souce\, v. t. & i.
See {Souse}. [Obs.] --penser.
Souchong \Sou*chong"\, n. [Chin. seou chong little plant or
sort.]
A kind of black tea of a fine quality.
Soudan \Sou*dan"\, n.[F.]
A sultan. [Obs.]
Souded \Soud"ed\, Soudet \Soud"et\, a. [See {Solder}.]
United; consolidated; made firm; strengthened. [Obs.]
O martyr souded for virginity! --Chaucer.
Souffle \Souf"fle\, n. [F.] (Med.)
A murmuring or blowing sound; as, the uterine souffle heard
over the pregnant uterus.
Souffl'e \Souf"fl['e]\, n. [F., fr. souffl['e], p. p. of
souffler to puff.] (Cookery)
A side dish served hot from the oven at dinner, made of eggs,
milk, and flour or other farinaceous substance, beaten till
very light, and flavored with fruits, liquors, or essence.
Sough \Sough\, n.
A sow. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sough \Sough\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A small drain; an adit. [Prov. Eng.] --W. M. Buchanan.
Sough \Sough\ (?; 277), n. [Cf. Icel. s?gr (in comp.) a rushing
sound, or OE. swough, swogh, a sound, AS. sw?gan to rustle.
Cf. {Surf}, {Swoon}, v. i.]
1. The sound produced by soughing; a hollow murmur or
roaring.
The whispering leaves or solemn sough of the forest.
--W. Howitt.
2. Hence, a vague rumor or flying report. [Scot.]
3. A cant or whining mode of speaking, especially in
preaching or praying. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Sough \Sough\, v. i.
To whistle or sigh, as the wind.
Sought \Sought\,
imp. & p. p. of {Seek}.
Souke \Souke\, v. t. & i.
To suck. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Soul \Soul\, a.
Sole. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Soul \Soul\, a.
Sole. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Soul \Soul\, v. i. [F. so[^u]ler to satiate. See {Soil} to
feed.]
To afford suitable sustenance. [Obs.] --Warner.
Soul \Soul\, n. [OE. soule, saule, AS. s[=a]wel, s[=a]wl; akin
to OFries. s?le, OS. s?ola, D. ziel, G. seele, OHG. s?la,
s?ula, Icel. s[=a]la, Sw. sj["a]l, Dan. si[ae]l, Goth.
saiwala; of uncertain origin, perhaps akin to L. saeculum a
lifetime, age (cf. {Secular}.)]
1. The spiritual, rational, and immortal part in man; that
part of man which enables him to think, and which renders
him a subject of moral government; -- sometimes, in
distinction from the higher nature, or spirit, of man, the
so-called animal soul, that is, the seat of life, the
sensitive affections and phantasy, exclusive of the
voluntary and rational powers; -- sometimes, in
distinction from the mind, the moral and emotional part of
man's nature, the seat of feeling, in distinction from
intellect; -- sometimes, the intellect only; the
understanding; the seat of knowledge, as distinguished
from feeling. In a more general sense, ``an animating,
separable, surviving entity, the vehicle of individual
personal existence.'' --Tylor.
The eyes of our souls only then begin to see, when
our bodily eyes are closing. --Law.
2. The seat of real life or vitality; the source of action;
the animating or essential part. ``The hidden soul of
harmony.'' --Milton.
Thou sun, of this great world both eye and soul.
--Milton.
3. The leader; the inspirer; the moving spirit; the heart;
as, the soul of an enterprise; an able general is the soul
of his army.
He is the very soul of bounty! --Shak.
4. Energy; courage; spirit; fervor; affection, or any other
noble manifestation of the heart or moral nature; inherent
power or goodness.
That he wants algebra he must confess; But not a
soul to give our arms success. --Young.
5. A human being; a person; -- a familiar appellation,
usually with a qualifying epithet; as, poor soul.
As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news
from a far country. --Prov. xxv.
25.
God forbid so many simple souls Should perish by the
aword! --Shak.
Now mistress Gilpin (careful soul). --Cowper.
6. A pure or disembodied spirit.
That to his only Son . . . every soul in heaven
Shall bend the knee. --Milton.
Note: Soul is used in the formation of numerous compounds,
most of which are of obvious signification; as,
soul-betraying, soul-consuming, soul-destroying,
soul-distracting, soul-enfeebling, soul-exalting,
soul-felt, soul-harrowing, soul-piercing,
soul-quickening, soul-reviving, soul-stirring,
soul-subduing, soul-withering, etc.
Syn: Spirit; life; courage; fire; ardor.
{Cure of souls}. See {Cure}, n., 2.
{Soul bell}, the passing bell. --Bp. Hall.
{Soul foot}. See {Soul scot}, below. [Obs.]
{Soul scot} or
{Soul shot}. [Soul + scot, or shot; cf. AS. s[=a]welsceat.]
(O. Eccl. Law) A funeral duty paid in former times for a
requiem for the soul. --Ayliffe.
Soul \Soul\, v. t.
To indue with a soul; to furnish with a soul or mind. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Souled \Souled\, a.
Furnished with a soul; possessing soul and feeling; -- used
chiefly in composition; as, great-souled Hector. ``Grecian
chiefs . . . largely souled.'' --Dryden.
Soulili \Sou"li*li`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A long-tailed, crested Javan monkey ({Semnopithecus
mitratus}). The head, the crest, and the upper surface of the
tail, are black.
Soulless \Soul"less\, a.
Being without a soul, or without greatness or nobleness of
mind; mean; spiritless.
Slave, souless villain, dog! --Shak.
Soullessly \Soul"less*ly\, adv.
In a soulless manner. --Tylor.
Soun \Soun\, n. & v.
Sound. [Obs.] --aucer.
Sound \Sound\, n. [AS. sund a swimming, akin to E. swim. See
{Swim}.]
The air bladder of a fish; as, cod sounds are an esteemed
article of food.
Sound \Sound\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A cuttlefish. [Obs.] --Ainsworth.
Sound \Sound\, a. [Compar. {Sounder}; superl. {Soundest}.] [OE.
sound, AS. sund; akin to D. gezond, G. gesund, OHG. gisunt,
Dan. & Sw. sund, and perhaps to L. sanus. Cf. {Sane}.]
1. Whole; unbroken; unharmed; free from flaw, defect, or
decay; perfect of the kind; as, sound timber; sound fruit;
a sound tooth; a sound ship.
2. Healthy; not diseased; not being in a morbid state; --
said of body or mind; as, a sound body; a sound
constitution; a sound understanding.
3. Firm; strong; safe.
The brasswork here, how rich it is in beams, And
how, besides, it makes the whole house sound.
--Chapman.
4. Free from error; correct; right; honest; true; faithful;
orthodox; -- said of persons; as, a sound lawyer; a sound
thinker.
Do not I know you a favorer Of this new seat? Ye are
nor sound. --Shak.
5. Founded in truth or right; supported by justice; not to be
overthrown on refuted; not fallacious; as, sound argument
or reasoning; a sound objection; sound doctrine; sound
principles.
Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast
heard of me. --2 Tim. i.
13.
6. heavy; laid on with force; as, a sound beating.
7. Undisturbed; deep; profound; as, sound sleep.
8. Founded in law; legal; valid; not defective; as, a sound
title to land.
Note: Sound is sometimes used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, sound-headed,
sound-hearted, sound-timbered, etc.
{Sound currency} (Com.), a currency whose actual value is the
same as its nominal value; a currency which does not
deteriorate or depreciate or fluctuate in comparision with
the standard of values.
Sound \Sound\, adv.
Soundly.
So sound he slept that naught might him awake.
--Spenser.
Sound \Sound\, n. [AS. sund a narrow sea or strait; akin to
Icel., Sw., Dan. & G. sund, probably so named because it
could be swum across. See {Swim}.] (Geog.)
A narrow passage of water, or a strait between the mainland
and an island; also, a strait connecting two seas, or
connecting a sea or lake with the ocean; as, the Sound
between the Baltic and the german Ocean; Long Island Sound.
The Sound of Denmark, where ships pay toll. --Camden.
{Sound dues}, tolls formerly imposed by Denmark on vessels
passing through the Baltic Sound.
Sound \Sound\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sounded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sounding}.] [F. sonder; cf. AS. sundgyrd a sounding rod,
sundline a sounding line (see {Sound} a narrow passage of
water).]
1. To measure the depth of; to fathom; especially, to
ascertain the depth of by means of a line and plummet.
2. Fig.: To ascertain, or try to ascertain, the thoughts,
motives, and purposes of (a person); to examine; to try;
to test; to probe.
I was in jest, And by that offer meant to sound your
breast. --Dryden.
I've sounded my Numidians man by man. --Addison.
3. (Med.) To explore, as the bladder or urethra, with a
sound; to examine with a sound; also, to examine by
auscultation or percussion; as, to sound a patient.
Sound \Sound\, v. i.
To ascertain the depth of water with a sounding line or other
device.
I sound as a shipman soundeth in the sea with his
plummet to know the depth of sea. --Palsgrave.
Sound \Sound\, n. [F. sonde. See {Sound} to fathom.] (Med.)
Any elongated instrument or probe, usually metallic, by which
cavities of the body are sounded or explored, especially the
bladder for stone, or the urethra for a stricture.
Sound \Sound\, n. [OE. soun, OF. son, sun, F. son, fr. L. sonus
akin to Skr. svana sound, svan to sound, and perh. to E.
swan. Cf. {Assonant}, {Consonant}, {Person}, {Sonata},
{Sonnet}, {Sonorous}, {Swan}.]
1. The peceived object occasioned by the impulse or vibration
of a material substance affecting the ear; a sensation or
perception of the mind received through the ear, and
produced by the impulse or vibration of the air or other
medium with which the ear is in contact; the effect of an
impression made on the organs of hearing by an impulse or
vibration of the air caused by a collision of bodies, or
by other means; noise; report; as, the sound of a drum;
the sound of the human voice; a horrid sound; a charming
sound; a sharp, high, or shrill sound.
The warlike sound Of trumpets loud and clarions.
--Milton.
2. The occasion of sound; the impulse or vibration which
would occasion sound to a percipient if present with
unimpaired; hence, the theory of vibrations in elastic
media such cause sound; as, a treatise on sound.
Note: In this sense, sounds are spoken of as audible and
inaudible.
3. Noise without signification; empty noise; noise and
nothing else.
Sense and not sound . . . must be the principle.
--Locke.
{Sound boarding}, boards for holding pugging, placed in
partitions of under floors in order to deaden sounds.
{Sound bow}, in a series of transverse sections of a bell,
that segment against which the clapper strikes, being the
part which is most efficacious in producing the sound. See
Illust. of {Bell}.
{Sound post}. (Mus.) See {Sounding post}, under {Sounding}.
Sound \Sound\, v. i. [OE. sounen, sownen, OF. soner, suner, F.
sonner, from L. sonare. See {Sound} a noise.]
1. To make a noise; to utter a voice; to make an impulse of
the air that shall strike the organs of hearing with a
perceptible effect. ``And first taught speaking trumpets
how to sound.'' --Dryden.
How silver-sweet sound lovers' tongues! --Shak.
2. To be conveyed in sound; to be spread or published; to
convey intelligence by sound.
From you sounded out the word of the Lord. --1
Thess. i. 8.
3. To make or convey a certain impression, or to have a
certain import, when heard; hence, to seem; to appear; as,
this reproof sounds harsh; the story sounds like an
invention.
Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear Things
that do sound so fair? --Shak.
{To sound in} or {into}, to tend to; to partake of the nature
of; to be consonant with. [Obs., except in the phrase To
sound in damages, below.]
Soun[d]ing in moral virtue was his speech.
--Chaucer.
{To sound in damages} (Law), to have the essential quality of
damages. This is said of an action brought, not for the
recovery of a specific thing, as replevin, etc., but for
damages only, as trespass, and the like.
Sound \Sound\, v. t.
1. To causse to make a noise; to play on; as, to sound a
trumpet or a horn.
A bagpipe well could he play and soun[d]. --Chaucer.
2. To cause to exit as a sound; as, to sound a note with the
voice, or on an instrument.
3. To order, direct, indicate, or proclain by a sound, or
sounds; to give a signal for by a certain sound; as, to
sound a retreat; to sound a parley.
The clock sounded the hour of noon. --G. H. Lewes.
4. To celebrate or honor by sounds; to cause to be reported;
to publish or proclaim; as, to sound the praises of fame
of a great man or a great exploit.
5. To examine the condition of (anything) by causing the same
to emit sounds and noting their character; as, to sound a
piece of timber; to sound a vase; to sound the lungs of a
patient.
6. To signify; to import; to denote. [Obs.] --Milton.
Soun[d]ing alway the increase of his winning.
--Chaucer.
Soundable \Sound"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being sounded.
Soundage \Sound"age\ (?; 48), n.
Dues for soundings.
Sound-board \Sound"-board`\, n.
A sounding-board.
To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes.
--Milton.
Sounder \Sound"er\, n.
One who, or that which; sounds; specifically, an instrument
used in telegraphy in place of a register, the communications
being read by sound.
Sounder \Sound"er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A herd of wild hogs.
Sounding \Sound"ing\, a.
Making or emitting sound; hence, sonorous; as, sounding
words. --Dryden.
Sounding \Sound"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, sounds (in any of the
senses of the several verbs).
2. (Naut.) [From {Sound} to fathom.]
(a) measurement by sounding; also, the depth so
ascertained.
(b) Any place or part of the ocean, or other water, where
a sounding line will reach the bottom; -- usually in
the plural.
(c) The sand, shells, or the like, that are brought up by
the sounding lead when it has touched bottom.
{Sounding lead}, the plummet at the end of a sounding line.
{Sounding line}, a line having a plummet at the end, used in
making soundings.
{Sounding post} (Mus.), a small post in a violin,
violoncello, or similar instrument, set under the bridge
as a support, for propagating the sounds to the body of
the instrument; -- called also {sound post}.
{Sounding rod} (Naut.), a rod used to ascertain the depth of
water in a ship's hold.
{In soundings}, within the eighty-fathom line. --Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
Sounding-board \Sound"ing-board`\, n.
1. (Mus.) A thin board which propagates the sound in a piano,
in a violin, and in some other musical instruments.
2. A board or structure placed behind or over a pulpit or
rostrum to give distinctness to a speaker's voice.
3. pl. See {Sound boarding}, under {Sound}, a noise.
Soundless \Sound"less\, a.
Not capable of being sounded or fathomed; unfathomable.
--Shak.
Soundless \Sound"less\, a.
Having no sound; noiseless; silent. -- {Sound"less*ly}, adv.
-- {Sound"less*ness}, n.
Soundly \Sound"ly\, adv.
In a sound manner.
Soundness \Sound"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sound; as, the soundness of
timber, of fruit, of the teeth, etc.; the soundness of
reasoning or argument; soundness of faith.
Syn: Firmness; strength; solidity; healthiness; truth;
rectitude.
Soune \Soune\, v. t. & i.
To sound. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sounst \Sounst\, a.
Soused. See {Souse}. [Obs.]
Soup \Soup\, n. [F. soupe, OF. sope, supe, soupe, perhaps
originally, a piece of bread; probably of Teutonic origin;
cf. D. sop sop, G. suppe soup. See {Sop} something dipped in
a liquid, and cf. {Supper}.]
A liquid food of many kinds, usually made by boiling meat and
vegetables, or either of them, in water, -- commonly seasoned
or flavored; strong broth.
{Soup kitchen}, an establishment for preparing and supplying
soup to the poor.
{Soup ticket}, a ticket conferring the privilege of receiving
soup at a soup kitchen.
Soup \Soup\, v. t.
To sup or swallow. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Soup \Soup\, v. t.
To breathe out. [Obs.] --amden.
Soup \Soup\, v. t.
To sweep. See {Sweep}, and {Swoop}. [Obs.]
Soupe-maigre \Soupe`-mai"gre\, n. [F.] (Cookery)
Soup made chiefly from vegetables or fish with a little
butter and a few condiments.
Souple \Sou"ple\, n.
That part of a flail which strikes the grain. --Knight.
Soupy \Soup"y\, a.
Resembling soup; souplike.
Sour \Sour\, a. [Compar. {Sourer}; superl. {Sourest}.] [OE.
sour, sur, AS. s?r; akin to D. zuur, G. sauer, OHG. s?r,
Icel. s?rr, Sw. sur, Dan. suur, Lith. suras salt, Russ.
surovui harsh, rough. Cf. {Sorrel}, the plant.]
1. Having an acid or sharp, biting taste, like vinegar, and
the juices of most unripe fruits; acid; tart.
All sour things, as vinegar, provoke appetite.
--Bacon.
2. Changed, as by keeping, so as to be acid, rancid, or
musty, turned.
3. Disagreeable; unpleasant; hence; cross; crabbed; peevish;
morose; as, a man of a sour temper; a sour reply. ``A sour
countenance.'' --Swift.
He was a scholar . . . Lofty and sour to them that
loved him not, But to those men that sought him
sweet as summer. --Shak.
4. Afflictive; painful. ``Sour adversity.'' --Shak.
5. Cold and unproductive; as, sour land; a sour marsh.
{Sour dock} (Bot.), sorrel.
{Sour gourd} (Bot.), the gourdlike fruit {Adansonia
Gregorii}, and {A. digitata}; also, either of the trees
bearing this fruit. See {Adansonia}.
{Sour grapes}. See under {Grape}.
{Sour gum} (Bot.) See {Turelo}.
{Sour plum} (Bot.), the edible acid fruit of an Australian
tree ({Owenia venosa}); also, the tree itself, which
furnished a hard reddish wood used by wheelwrights.
Syn: Acid; sharp; tart; acetous; acetose; harsh; acrimonious;
crabbed; currish; peevish.
Sour \Sour\, n.
A sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect.
--Spenser.
Sour \Sour\, v. t. [AS. s?rian to sour, to become sour.]
1. To cause to become sour; to cause to turn from sweet to
sour; as, exposure to the air sours many substances.
So the sun's heat, with different powers, Ripens the
grape, the liquor sours. --Swift.
2. To make cold and unproductive, as soil. --Mortimer.
3. To make unhappy, uneasy, or less agreeable.
To sour your happiness I must report, The queen is
dead. --Shak.
4. To cause or permit to become harsh or unkindly. ``Souring
his cheeks.'' --Shak.
Pride had not sour'd nor wrath debased my heart.
--Harte.
5. To macerate, and render fit for plaster or mortar; as, to
sour lime for business purposes.
Sour \Sour\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Soured}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Souring}.]
To become sour; to turn from sweet to sour; as, milk soon
sours in hot weather; a kind temper sometimes sours in
adversity.
They keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder
the hatred of vice from souring into severity.
--Addison.
Source \Source\, n. [OE. sours, OF. sourse, surse, sorse, F.
source, fr. OF. sors, p. p. of OF. sordre, surdre, sourdre,
to spring forth or up, F. sourdre, fr. L. surgere to lift or
raise up, to spring up. See {Surge}, and cf. {Souse} to
plunge or swoop as a bird upon its prey.]
1. The act of rising; a rise; an ascent. [Obs.]
Therefore right as an hawk upon a sours Up springeth
into the air, right so prayers . . . Maken their
sours to Goddes ears two. --Chaucer.
2. The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of
water or the like; a spring; a fountain.
Where as the Poo out of a welle small Taketh his
firste springing and his sours. --Chaucer.
Kings that rule Behind the hidden sources of the
Nile. --Addison.
3. That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its
cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates;
first cause.
This source of ideas every man has wholly in
himself. --Locke.
The source of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense.
--Pope.
Syn: See {Origin}.
Sourcrout \Sour"crout`\, n.
See {Sauerkraut}.
Sourde \Sourde\, v. i. [F. sourdre. See {Source}.]
To have origin or source; to rise; to spring. [Obs.]
Now might men ask whereof that pride sourdeth.
--Chaucer.
Souring \Sour"ing\, n. (Bot.)
Any sour apple.
Sourish \Sour"ish\, a.
Somewhat sour; moderately acid; as, sourish fruit; a sourish
taste.
Sourkrout \Sour"krout`\, n.
Same as {Sauerkraut}.
Sourly \Sour"ly\, adv.
In a sour manner; with sourness.
Sourness \Sour"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sour.
Sours \Sours\, n.
Source. See {Source}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Soursop \Sour"sop`\, n. (Bot.)
The large succulent and slightly acid fruit of a small tree
({Anona muricata}) of the West Indies; also, the tree itself.
It is closely allied to the custard apple.
Sourwood \Sour"wood`\, n. (Bot.)
The sorrel tree.
Sous \Sous\, Souse \Souse\ (F. s[=oo]; colloq. Eng. sous), n.
A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.] --Colman, the Elder.
Souse \Souse\, n. [OF. sausse. See {Sauce}.] [Written also
{souce}, {sowce}, and {sowse}.]
1. Pickle made with salt.
2. Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the pickled
ears, feet, etc., of swine.
And he that can rear up a pig in his house, Hath
cheaper his bacon, and sweeter his souse. --Tusser.
3. The ear; especially, a hog's ear. [Prov. Eng.]
4. The act of sousing; a plunging into water.
Souse \Souse\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Soused}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sousing}.] [Cf. F. saucer to wet with sauce. See {Souse}
pickle.]
1. To steep in pickle; to pickle. ``A soused gurnet.''
--Shak.
2. To plunge or immerse in water or any liquid.
They soused me over head and ears in water.
--Addison.
3. To drench, as by an immersion; to wet throughly.
Although I be well soused in this shower.
--Gascoigne.
Souse \Souse\, v. i. [Probably fr. OF. sors, p. p. of sordre to
rise, and first used of an upward swood, then of a swoop in
general, but also confused with {Souse}, v. t. See {Source}.]
To swoop or plunge, as a bird upon its prey; to fall
suddenly; to rush with speed; to make a sudden attack.
For then I viewed his plunge and souse Into the foamy
main. --Marston.
Jove's bird will souse upon the timorous hare. --J.
Dryden. Jr.
Souse \Souse\, v. t.
To pounce upon. [R.]
[The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers,
To souse annoyance that comes near his nest. --Shak.
Souse \Souse\, n.
The act of sousing, or swooping.
As a falcon fair That once hath failed or her souse
full near. --Spenser.
Souse \Souse\, adv.
With a sudden swoop; violently. --Young.
Souslik \Sous"lik\, n. [F.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Suslik}.
Sout \Sout\, n.
Soot. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Soutache \Sou`tache"\, n. [F.]
A kind of narrow braid, usually of silk; -- also known as
{Russian braid}.
Soutage \Sout"age\ (? or ?; 48), n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
That in which anything is packed; bagging, as for hops.
[Obs.] --Halliwell.
Soutane \Sou`tane"\, n. [F., fr. Sp. sotana, or It. sottana, LL.
subtana, fr. L. subtus below, beneath, fr. sub under.] (Eccl.
Costume)
A close garnment with straight sleeves, and skirts reaching
to the ankles, and buttoned in front from top to bottom;
especially, the black garment of this shape worn by the
clergy in France and Italy as their daily dress; a cassock.
Souter \Sou"ter\, n. [AS. s?t?re, fr. It. sutor, fr. suere to
sew.]
A shoemaker; a cobbler. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
There is no work better than another to please God: . .
. to wash dishes, to be a souter, or an apostle, -- all
is one. --Tyndale.
Souterly \Sou"ter*ly\, a.
Of or pertaining to a cobbler or cobblers; like a cobbler;
hence, vulgar; low. [Obs.]
Souterrain \Sou"ter*rain\, n. [F. See {Subterranean}.]
A grotto or cavern under ground. [Obs.] --Arbuthnot.
South \South\ (?; by sailors sou), n. [OE. south, su[thorn], AS.
s[=u][eth] for sun[eth]; akin to D. zuid, OHG. sund, G.
s["u]d, s["u]den, Icel. su[eth]r, sunnr, Dan. syd, s["o]nden,
Sw. syd, s["o]der, sunnan; all probably akin to E. sun,
meaning, the side towards the sun. [root]297. See {Sun}.]
1. That one of the four cardinal points directly opposite to
the north; the region or direction to the right or
direction to the right of a person who faces the east.
2. A country, region, or place situated farther to the south
than another; the southern section of a country. ``The
queen of the south.'' --Matt. xii. 42.
3. Specifically: That part of the United States which is
south of Mason and Dixon's line. See under {Line}.
4. The wind from the south. [Obs.] --Shak.
South \South\, a.
Lying toward the south; situated at the south, or in a
southern direction from the point of observation or
reckoning; proceeding toward the south, or coming from the
south; blowing from the south; southern; as, the south pole.
``At the south entry.'' --Shak.
{South-Sea tea} (Bot.) See {Yaupon}.
South \South\, adv.
1. Toward the south; southward.
2. From the south; as, the wind blows south. --Bacon.
South \South\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Southed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Southing}.]
1. To turn or move toward the south; to veer toward the
south.
2. (Astron.) To come to the meridian; to cross the north and
south line; -- said chiefly of the moon; as, the moon
souths at nine.
Southcottian \South*cot"ti*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Joanna Southcott (1750-1814), an Englishwoman
who, professing to have received a miraculous calling,
preached and prophesied, and committed many impious
absurdities.
Southdown \South"down`\, a.
Of or pertaining to the South Downs, a range of pasture hills
south of the Thames, in England.
{Southdown sheep} (Zo["o]l.), a celebrated breed of
shortwooled, hornless sheep, highly valued on account of
the delicacy of their flesh. So called from the South
Downs where the breed originated.
Southdown \South"down`\, n.
A Southdown sheep.
Southeast \South`east"\ (?; by sailors sou"-), n.
The point of the compass equally distant from the south and
the east; the southeast part or region.
Southeast \South`east\ (?; by sailors sou"-), a.
Of or pertaining to the southeast; proceeding toward, or
coming from, the southeast; as, a southeast course; a
southeast wind.
Southeaster \South`east"er\, n.
A storm, strong wind, or gale coming from the southeast.
Southeaster \South`east"er\, adv.
Toward the southeast.
Southeastern \South`east"ern\, a.
Of or pertaining to the southeast; southeasterly.
Southeastward \South`east"ward\, Southeastwardly
\South`east"ward*ly\, adv.
Toward the southeast.
Souther \South"er\, n.
A strong wind, gale, or storm from the south.
Southerliness \South"er*li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being southerly; direction toward the
south.
Southerly \South"er*ly\ (?; 277), a.
Southern.
Southern \South"ern\ (?; 277), a. [AS. s??ern. See {South}.]
Of or pertaining to the south; situated in, or proceeding
from, the south; situated or proceeding toward the south.
{Southern Cross} (Astron.), a constellation of the southern
hemisphere containing several bright stars so related in
position as to resemble a cross.
{Southern Fish} (Astron.), a constelation of the southern
hemisphere ({Piscis Australis}) containing the bright star
Fomalhaut.
{Southern States} (U.S. Hist. & Geog.), the States of the
American Union lying south of Pennsylvania and the Ohio
River, with Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Before the
Civil War, Missouri also, being a slave State, was classed
as one of the Southern States.
Southern \South"ern\, n.
A Southerner. [R.]
Southerner \South"ern*er\, n.
An inhabitant or native of the south, esp. of the Southern
States of North America; opposed to {Northerner}.
Southernliness \South"ern*li*ness\, n.
Southerliness.
Southernly \South"ern*ly\, a.
Somewhat southern. -- adv. In a southerly manner or course;
southward.
Southernmost \South"ern*most`\, a.
Farthest south.
Southernwood \South"ern*wood`\, n. (Bot.)
A shrubby species of wormwood ({Artemisia Abrotanum}) having
aromatic foliage. It is sometimes used in making beer.
Southing \South"ing\ (?; 277), n.
1. Tendency or progress southward; as, the southing of the
sun. --Emerson.
2. The time at which the moon, or other heavenly body, passes
the meridian of a place.
3. (Astron.) Distance of any heavenly body south of the
equator; south declination; south latitude.
4. (Surv. & Navigation) Distance southward from any point
departure or of reckoning, measured on a meridian; --
opposed to {northing}.
Southly \South"ly\, adv.
Southerly. [Obs. & R.]
Southmost \South"most`\, a.
Farthest toward the south; southernmost. [R.] --Milton.
Southness \South"ness\, n.
A tendency in the end of a magnetic needle to point toward
the south pole. --Faraday.
Southren \South"ren\, a.
Southern. [Obs.] ``I am a Southren man.'' --Chaucer.
Southron \South"ron\, n.
An inhabitant of the more southern part of a country;
formerly, a name given in Scotland to any Englishman.
Southsay \South"say`\, v. i.
See {Soothsay}. [Obs.]
Southsayer \South"say`er\, n.
See {Soothsayer}. [Obs.]
South southerly \South` south"er*ly\ (Zo["o]l.)
the old squaw; -- so called in imitation of its cry. Called
also {southerly}, and {southerland}. See under {Old}.
Southward \South"ward\ (?; colloq. ?), Southwards \South"wards\
(?; colloq. ?), adv.
Toward the south, or toward a point nearer the south than the
east or west point; as, to go southward.
Southward \South"ward\, a.
Toward the south.
Southward \South"ward\, n.
The southern regions or countries; the south. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Southwardly \South"ward*ly\, adv.
In a southern direction.
Southwest \South`west\ (?; colloq. sou"-.), n.
The point of the compass equally from the south and the west;
the southwest part or region.
Southwest \South`west"\, a.
Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the southwest;
proceeding toward the southwest; coming from the southwest;
as, a southwest wind.
Southwester \South`west"er\ (?; colloq. ?), n.
1. A storm, gale, or strong wind from the southwest.
2. A hat made of painted canvas, oiled cloth, or the like,
with a flap at the back, -- worn in stormy weather.
Southwesterly \South`west"er*ly\, a.
To ward or from the southwest; as, a southwesterly course; a
southwesterly wind.
Southwestern \South`west"ern\, a.
Of or pertaining to the southwest; southwesterly; as, to sail
a southwestern course.
Southwestward \South`west"ward\, Southwestwardly
\South`west"ward*ly\, adv.
Toward the southwest.
Souvenance \Sou"ve*nance\, Sovenaunce \So"ve*naunce\, n. [F.
souvenance.]
Remembrance. [Obs.]
Of his way he had no sovenance. --Spenser.
Souvenir \Sou`ve*nir\ (? or ?), n. [F., fr. souvenir to
remember, fr. L. subvenire to come up, come to mind; sub
under + venire to come, akin to E. come. See {Come}, and cf.
{Subvention}.]
That which serves as a reminder; a remembrancer; a memento; a
keepsake.
Sovereign \Sov"er*eign\ (? or ?; 277), a. [OE. soverain,
sovereyn, OF. soverain, suvrain, F. souverain, LL. superanus,
fr. L. superus that is above, upper, higher, fr. super above.
See {Over}, {Super}, and cf. {Soprano}. The modern spelling
is due to a supposed connection with reign.]
1. Supreme or highest in power; superior to all others;
chief; as, our sovereign prince.
2. Independent of, and unlimited by, any other; possessing,
or entitled to, original authority or jurisdiction; as, a
sovereign state; a sovereign discretion.
3. Princely; royal. ``Most sovereign name.'' --Shak.
At Babylon was his sovereign see. --Chaucer.
4. Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.
We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good.
--Hooker.
5. Efficacious in the highest degree; effectual; controlling;
as, a sovereign remedy. --Dryden.
Such a sovereign influence has this passion upon the
regulation of the lives and actions of men. --South.
{Sovereign state}, a state which administers its own
government, and is not dependent upon, or subject to,
another power.
Sovereign \Sov"er*eign\ (? or ?; 277), n.
1. The person, body, or state in which independent and
supreme authority is vested; especially, in a monarchy, a
king, queen, or emperor.
No question is to be made but that the bed of the
Mississippi belongs to the sovereign, that is, to
the nation. --Jefferson.
2. A gold coin of Great Britain, on which an effigy of the
head of the reigning king or queen is stamped, valued at
one pound sterling, or about $4.86.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any butterfly of the tribe {Nymphalidi}, or
genus {Basilarchia}, as the ursula and the viceroy.
Syn: King; prince; monarch; potentate; emperor.
Sovereignize \Sov"er*eign*ize\, v. i.
To exercise supreme authority. [Obs.] --Sir T. Herbert.
Sovereignly \Sov"er*eign*ly\, adv.
In a sovereign manner; in the highest degree; supremely.
--Chaucer.
Sovereignty \Sov"er*eign*ty\, n.; pl. {Sovereignties}. [OE.
soverainetee, OF. sovrainet['e], F. souverainet['e].]
The quality or state of being sovereign, or of being a
sovereign; the exercise of, or right to exercise, supreme
power; dominion; sway; supremacy; independence; also, that
which is sovereign; a sovereign state; as, Italy was formerly
divided into many sovereignties.
Woman desiren to have sovereignty As well over their
husband as over their love. --Chaucer.
Sovran \Sov"ran\, a.
A variant of {Sovereign}. [Poetic]
On thy bald, awful head, O sovran Blanc. --Coleridge.
Sow \Sow\, v. i.
To sew. See {Sew}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sow \Sow\, n. [OE. sowe, suwe, AS. sugu, akin to s[=u], D. zog,
zeug, OHG. s[=u], G. sau, Icel. s[=y]r, Dan. so, Sw. sugga,
so, L. sus. Gr. "y^s, sy^s, Zend. hu boar; probably from the
root seen in Skr. s[=u] to beget, to bear; the animal being
named in allusion to its fecundity. [root]294. Cf. {Hyena},
{Soil} to stain, {Son}, {Swine}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) The female of swine, or of the hog kind.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A sow bug.
3. (Metal.)
(a) A channel or runner which receives the rows of molds
in the pig bed.
(b) The bar of metal which remains in such a runner.
(c) A mass of solidified metal in a furnace hearth; a
salamander.
4. (Mil.) A kind of covered shed, formerly used by besiegers
in filling up and passing the ditch of a besieged place,
sapping and mining the wall, or the like. --Craig.
{Sow bread}. (Bot.) See {Cyclamen}.
{Sow bug}, or {Sowbug} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous
species of terrestrial Isopoda belonging to {Oniscus},
{Porcellio}, and allied genera of the family
{Oniscid[ae]}. They feed chiefly on decaying vegetable
substances.
{Sow thistle} [AS. sugepistel] (Bot.), a composite plant
({Sonchus oleraceus}) said to be eaten by swine and some
other animals.
Sow \Sow\, v. t. [imp. {Sowed}; p. p. {Sown}or {Sowed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sowing}.] [OE. sowen, sawen, AS. s[=a]wan; akin to
OFries. s?a, D. zaaijen, OS. & HG. s[=a]jan, G. s["a]en,
Icel. s[=a], Sw. s[*a], Dan. saae, Goth. saian, Lith.
s[=e]ti, Russ. sieiate, L. serere, sevi. Cf. {Saturday},
{Season}, {Seed}, {Seminary}.]
1. To scatter, as seed, upon the earth; to plant by strewing;
as, to sow wheat. Also used figuratively: To spread
abroad; to propagate. ``He would sow some difficulty.''
--Chaucer.
A sower went forth to sow; and when he sowed, some
seeds fell by the wayside. --Matt. xiii.
3, 4.
And sow dissension in the hearts of brothers.
--Addison.
2. To scatter seed upon, in, or over; to supply or stock, as
land, with seeds. Also used figuratively: To scatter over;
to besprinkle.
The intellectual faculty is a goodly field, . . .
and it is the worst husbandry in the world to sow it
with trifles. --Sir M. Hale.
[He] sowed with stars the heaven. --Milton.
Now morn . . . sowed the earth with orient pearl.
--Milton.
Sow \Sow\, v. i.
To scatter seed for growth and the production of a crop; --
literally or figuratively.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joi. --Ps. cxxvi.
5.
Sowans \Sow"ans\ (? or ?), n. pl.
See {Sowens}.
Sowar \Sow"ar\, n. [Per. saw[=a]r a horseman.]
In India, a mounted soldier.
Sowbane \Sow"bane`\, n. (Bot.)
The red goosefoot ({Chenopodium rubrum}), -- said to be fatal
to swine.
Sowce \Sowce\, n. & v.
See {Souse}. [Obs.]
Sowdan \Sow"dan\, n. [F. soudan. See {Soldan}.]
Sultan. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sowdanesse \Sow"dan*esse`\, n.
A sultaness. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sowens \Sow"ens\ (? or ?), n. pl. [Scottish; cf. AS. se['a]w
juice, glue, paste.]
A nutritious article of food, much used in Scotland, made
from the husk of the oat by a process not unlike that by
which common starch is made; -- called {flummery} in England.
[Written also {sowans}, and {sowins}.]
Sower \Sow"er\, n.
One who, or that which, sows.
Sowins \Sow"ins\ (? or ?), n. pl.
See {Sowens}.
Sowl \Sowl\, Sowle \Sowle\, v. t. [Cf. prov. G. zaulen, zauseln,
G. zausen to tug, drag.]
To pull by the ears; to drag about. [Obs.] --hak.
Sowl \Sowl\, v. i.
See {Soul}, v. i. [Obs.]
Sown \Sown\,
p. p. of {Sow}.
Sowne \Sowne\, v. t. & i.
To sound. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sowse \Sowse\, n. & v.
See {Souse}. [Obs.] --ryden.
Sowter \Sow"ter\, n.
See {Souter}. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Soy \Soy\, n. [Chinese sh[=o]y[=u].]
1. A Chinese and Japanese liquid sauce for fish, etc., made
by subjecting boiled beans (esp. soja beans), or beans and
meal, to long fermentation and then long digestion in salt
and water.
2. (Bot.) The soja, a kind of bean. See {Soja}.
Soyle \Soyle\, v. t. [Aphetic form of assoil.]
To solve, to clear up; as, to soyl all other texts. [Obs.]
--Tyndate.
Soyle \Soyle\, n. [Cf. {Soil} to feed.]
Prey. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Soyned \Soyn"ed\ (? or ?), a. [F. soigner to care.]
Filled with care; anxious. [Obs.] --Mir. for Mag.
Sozzle \Soz"zle\, v. t. [Freq. from soss, v.]
1. To splash or wet carelessly; as, to sozzle the feet in
water. [Local, U.S.] --Bartlett.
2. To heap up in confusion. [Prov. Eng.] --Forby.
Sozzle \Soz"zle\, n.
1. One who spills water or other liquids carelessly;
specifically, a sluttish woman. [Local, U.S.]
2. A mass, or heap, confusedly mingled. [Prov. Eng.]
Spa \Spa\ (?; 277), n.
A spring or mineral water; -- so called from a place of this
name in Belgium.
Spaad \Spaad\, n. [Cf. G. spath spar. See {Spar} the mineral.]
(Min.)
A kind of spar; earth flax, or amianthus. [Obs.] --oodward.
Space \Space\ (sp[=a]s), n. [OE. space, F. espace, from L.
spatium space; cf. Gr. spa^n to draw, to tear; perh. akin to
E. span. Cf. {Expatiate}.]
1. Extension, considered independently of anything which it
may contain; that which makes extended objects conceivable
and possible.
Pure space is capable neither of resistance nor
motion. --Locke.
2. Place, having more or less extension; room.
They gave him chase, and hunted him as hare; Long
had he no space to dwell [in]. --R. of
Brunne.
While I have time and space. --Chaucer.
3. A quantity or portion of extension; distance from one
thing to another; an interval between any two or more
objects; as, the space between two stars or two hills; the
sound was heard for the space of a mile.
Put a space betwixt drove and drove. --Gen. xxxii.
16.
4. Quantity of time; an interval between two points of time;
duration; time. ``Grace God gave him here, this land to
keep long space.'' --R. of brunne.
Nine times the space that measures day and night.
--Milton.
God may defer his judgments for a time, and give a
people a longer space of repentance. --Tillotson.
5. A short time; a while. [R.] ``To stay your deadly strife a
space.'' --Spenser.
6. Walk; track; path; course. [Obs.]
This ilke [same] monk let old things pace, And held
after the new world the space. --Chaucer.
7. (print.)
(a) A small piece of metal cast lower than a face type, so
as not to receive the ink in printing, -- used to
separate words or letters.
(b) The distance or interval between words or letters in
the lines, or between lines, as in books.
Note: Spaces are of different thicknesses to enable the
compositor to arrange the words at equal distances from
each other in the same line.
8. (Mus.) One of the intervals, or open places, between the
lines of the staff.
{Absolute space}, {Euclidian space}, etc. See under
{Absolute}, {Euclidian}, etc.
{Space line} (Print.), a thin piece of metal used by printers
to open the lines of type to a regular distance from each
other, and for other purposes; a lead. --Hansard.
{Space rule} (Print.), a fine, thin, short metal rule of the
same height as the type, used in printing short lines in
tabular matter.
Space \Space\, v. i. [Cf. OF. espacier, L. spatiari. See
{Space}, n.]
To walk; to rove; to roam. [Obs.]
And loved in forests wild to space. --Spenser.
Space \Space\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spaced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spacong}.] [Cf. F. espacer. See {Space}, n.] (Print.)
To arrange or adjust the spaces in or between; as, to space
words, lines, or letters.
Spaceful \Space"ful\, a.
Wide; extensive. --Sandys.
Spaceless \Space"less\, a.
Without space. --Coleridge.
Spacial \Spa"cial\, a.
See {Spatial}.
Spacially \Spa"cial*ly\, adv.
See {Spatially}. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Spacious \Spa"cious\, a. [L. spatiousus: cf. F. spacieux. See
{Space}, n.]
1. Extending far and wide; vast in extent. ``A spacious plain
outstretched in circuit wide.'' --Milton.
2. Inclosing an extended space; having large or ample room;
not contracted or narrow; capacious; roomy; as, spacious
bounds; a spacious church; a spacious hall. --
{Spa"cious*ly}, adv. -- {Spa"cious*ness}, n.
Spadassin \Spa`das`sin"\, n. [F., fr. It. spadaccino a
swordsman, from spada a sword.]
A bravo; a bully; a duelist. --Ld. Lytton.
Spaddle \Spad"dle\, n.
A little spade. [Obs.]
Spade \Spade\, n. [Cf. {Spay}, n.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A hart or stag three years old. [Written also
{spaid}, {spayade}.]
2. [Cf. L. spado.] A castrated man or beast.
Spade \Spade\, n. [AS. sp[ae]d; spada; akin to D. spade, G.
spaten, Icel. spa[eth]i, Dan. & Sw. spade, L. spatha a
spatula, a broad two-edged sword, a spathe, Gr. spa`qh. Cf.
{Epaulet}, {Spade} at cards, {Spathe}, {Spatula}.]
1. An implement for digging or cutting the ground, consisting
usually of an oblong and nearly rectangular blade of iron,
with a handle like that of a shovel. ``With spade and
pickax armed.'' --Milton.
2. [Sp. espada, literally, a sword; -- so caused because
these cards among the Spanish bear the figure of a sword.
Sp. espada is fr. L. spatha, Gr. spa`qh. See the Etymology
above.] One of that suit of cards each of which bears one
or more figures resembling a spade.
``Let spades be trumps!'' she said. --Pope.
3. A cutting instrument used in flensing a whale.
{Spade bayonet}, a bayonet with a broad blade which may be
used digging; -- called also {trowel bayonet}.
{Spade handle} (Mach.), the forked end of a connecting rod in
which a pin is held at both ends. See Illust. of {Knuckle
joint}, under {Knuckle}.
Spade \Spade\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spaded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spading}.]
To dig with a spade; to pare off the sward of, as land, with
a spade.
Spadebone \Spade"bone`\, n.
Shoulder blade. [Prov. Eng.]
Spadefish \Spade"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An American market fish ({Ch[ae]todipterus faber}) common on
the southern coasts; -- called also {angel fish}, {moonfish},
and {porgy}.
Spadefoot \Spade"foot`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of burrowing toads of the genus {Scaphiopus},
esp. {S. Holbrookii}, of the Eastern United States; -- called
also {spade toad}.
Spadeful \Spade"ful\, n.; pl. {Spadefuls}. [Spade + full.]
As much as a spade will hold or lift.
Spader \Spad"er\, n.
One who, or that which, spades; specifically, a digging
machine.
Spadiceous \Spa*di"ceous\, a. [L. spadix, -icis, a date-brown or
nut-brown color. See {Spadix}.]
1. Of a bright clear brown or chestnut color. --Sir T.
Browne.
2. (Bot.) Bearing flowers on a spadix; of the nature of a
spadix.
Spadicose \Spa"di*cose`\, a. (Bot.)
Spadiceous.
Spadille \Spa*dille"\, n. [F., fr. Sp. espadilla, dim. of
espada. See {Spade} a card.] (Card Playing)
The ace of spades in omber and quadrille.
Spadix \Spa"dix\, n.; pl. L. {Spadices}, E. {Spadixes}. [L., a
palm branch broken off, with its fruit, Gr. ?.]
1. (Bot.) A fleshy spike of flowers, usually inclosed in a
leaf called a spathe.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A special organ of the nautilus, due to a
modification of the posterior tentacles.
Spado \Spa"do\, n.; pl. {Spadones}. [L., fr. Gr. ?.]
1. Same as {Spade}, 2.
2. (Law) An impotent person.
Spadroon \Spa*droon"\, n. [Cf. F. & Sp. espadon, It. spadone.
See {Espadon}, {Spade}.]
A sword, especially a broadsword, formerly used both to cut
and thrust.
Spae \Spae\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Spaed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spaeing}.] [Scot. spae, spay, to foretell, to divine, Icel.
sp[=a].]
To foretell; to divine. [Scot.]
Spaeman \Spae"man\, n.
A prophet; a diviner. [Scot.]
Spaewife \Spae"wife`\, n.
A female fortune teller. [Scot.]
Spaghetti \Spa*ghet"ti\, n. [It.]
A variety or macaroni made in tubes of small diameter.
Spagyric \Spa*gyr"ic\, Spagyrical \Spa*gyr"ic*al\, a. [LL.
sparygicus, fr. Gr. ? to draw, to separate + ? to assemble;
cf. F. spagirique.]
Chemical; alchemical. [Obs.]
Spagyric \Spa*gyr"ic\, n.
A spagyrist. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Spagyrist \Spag"y*rist\, n. [Cf. F. spagiriste.]
1. A chemist, esp. one devoted to alchemistic pursuits.
[Obs.]
2. One of a sect which arose in the days of alchemy, who
sought to discover remedies for disease by chemical means.
The spagyrists historically preceded the iatrochemists.
--Encyc. Brit.
Spahi \Spa"hi\, Spahee \Spa"hee\, n. [Per., Turk., & Hind.
sip[=a]h[=i]: cf. F. spahi. See {Seroy}.]
1. Formerly, one of the Turkish cavalry.
2. An Algerian cavalryman in the French army.
Spaid \Spaid\, n.
See 1st {Spade}.
Spake \Spake\, archaic
imp. of {Speak}.
Spakenet \Spake"net`\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A net for catching crabs. --Halliwell.
Spaky \Spak"y\, a.
Specky. [Obs.] --hapman.
Spalding knife \Spald"ing knife`\
A spalting knife.
Spale \Spale\, n. [Cf. {Spell} a splinter.]
1. A lath; a shaving or chip, as of wood or stone. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]
2. (Shipbuilding) A strengthening cross timber.
Spall \Spall\, n. [OF. espaule; cf. It. spalla. See {Epaule}.]
The shoulder. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Spall \Spall\, n. [Prov. E. spall, spell. See {Spale}, {Spell} a
splinter.]
A chip or fragment, especially a chip of stone as struck off
the block by the hammer, having at least one feather-edge.
Spall \Spall\, v. t.
1. (Mining) To break into small pieces, as ore, for the
purpose of separating from rock. --Pryce.
2. (Masonry) To reduce, as irregular blocks of stone, to an
approximately level surface by hammering.
Spall \Spall\, v. i.
To give off spalls, or wedge-shaped chips; -- said of stone,
as when badly set, with the weight thrown too much on the
outer surface.
Spalpeen \Spal"peen\, n. [Ir. spailpin, fr. spailp a beau,
pride, self-conceit.]
A scamp; an Irish term for a good-for-nothing fellow; --
often used in good-humored contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.]
Spalt \Spalt\, n. [Cf. G. spaltstein, from spalten to split. See
1st {Spell}.] (Metal.)
Spelter. [Colloq.]
Spalt \Spalt\, a. [See 1st {Spell}.]
1. Liable to break or split; brittle; as, spalt timber.
[Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
2. Heedless; clumsy; pert; saucy. [Prov. Eng.]
Spalt \Spalt\, v. t. & i. [Cf. OE. spalden. See {Spalt}, a.]
To split off; to cleave off, as chips from a piece of timber,
with an ax. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Spalting knife \Spalt"ing knife`\
A knife used in splitting codfish. [Written also {spalding
knife}.]
Span \Span\, archaic
imp. & p. p. of {Spin}.
Span \Span\, n. [AS. spann; akin to D. span, OHG. spanna, G.
spanne, Icel. sp["o]nn. [root]170. See {Span}, v. t. ]
1. The space from the thumb to the end of the little finger
when extended; nine inches; eighth of a fathom.
2. Hence, a small space or a brief portion of time.
Yet not to earth's contracted span Thy goodness let
me bound. --Pope.
Life's but a span; I'll every inch enjoy.
--Farquhar.
3. The spread or extent of an arch between its abutments, or
of a beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the like,
between its supports.
4. (Naut.) A rope having its ends made fast so that a
purchase can be hooked to the bight; also, a rope made
fast in the center so that both ends can be used.
5. [Cf. D. span, Sw. spann, Dan. sp[ae]nd, G. gespann. See
{Span}, v. t. ] A pair of horses or other animals driven
together; usually, such a pair of horses when similar in
color, form, and action.
{Span blocks} (Naut.), blocks at the topmast and
topgallant-mast heads, for the studding-sail halyards.
{Span counter}, an old English child's game, in which one
throws a counter on the ground, and another tries to hit
it with his counter, or to get his counter so near it that
he can span the space between them, and touch both the
counters. --Halliwell. ``Henry V., in whose time boys went
to span counter for French crowns.'' --Shak.
{Span iron} (Naut.), a special kind of harpoon, usually
secured just below the gunwale of a whaleboat.
{Span roof}, a common roof, having two slopes and one ridge,
with eaves on both sides. --Gwilt.
{Span shackle} (Naut.), a large bolt driven through the
forecastle deck, with a triangular shackle in the head to
receive the heel of the old-fashioned fish davit. --Ham.
Nav. Encyc.
Span \Span\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spanned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spanning}.] [AS. pannan; akin to D. & G. spannen, OHG.
spannan, Sw. sp["a]nna, Dan. sp[ae]nde, Icel. spenna, and
perh. to Gr. ? to draw, to drag, L. spatium space. [root]170.
Cf. {Spin}, v. t., {Space}, {Spasm}.]
1. To measure by the span of the hand with the fingers
extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object; as,
to span a space or distance; to span a cylinder.
My right hand hath spanned the heavens. --Isa.
xiviii. 13.
2. To reach from one side of to the order; to stretch over as
an arch.
The rivers were spanned by arches of solid masonry.
--prescott.
3. To fetter, as a horse; to hobble.
Span \Span\, v. i.
To be matched, as horses. [U. S.]
Spanaemia \Spa*n[ae]"mi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? scarce + ?
blood.] (Med.)
A condition of impoverishment of the blood; a morbid state in
which the red corpuscles, or other important elements of the
blood, are deficient.
Spanaemic \Spa*n[ae]"mic\ (? or ?), a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to span[ae]mia; having impoverished blood.
Spancel \Span"cel\, n. [Perhaps span + AS. s[=a]l a rope.]
A rope used for tying or hobbling the legs of a horse or cow.
[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
--Grose.
Spancel \Span"cel\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spanceled}or
{Spancelled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Spanceling} or {Spancelling}.]
To tie or hobble with a spancel. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
--Malone.
Spandogs \Span"dogs`\, n. pl.
A pair of grappling dogs for hoisting logs and timber.
Spandrel \Span"drel\, n. [From {Span}.]
1. (Arch.) The irregular triangular space between the curve
of an arch and the inclosing right angle; or the space
between the outer moldings of two contiguous arches and a
horizontal line above them, or another arch above and
inclosing them.
2. A narrow mat or passe partout for a picture. [Cant]
Spane \Spane\, v. t. [Akin to G. sp["a]nen, LG. & D. spennen,
AS. spanu a teat.]
To wean. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Spang \Spang\, v. t.
To spangle. [Obs.]
Spang \Spang\, v. i.
To spring; to bound; to leap. [Scot.]
But when they spang o'er reason's fence, We smart for't
at our own expense. --Ramsay.
Spang \Spang\, n.
A bound or spring. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Spang \Spang\, n. [AS. spange a clasp or fastening; akin to D.
spang, G. spange, OHG. spanga, Icel. sp["o]ng a spangle.]
A spangle or shining ornament. [Obs.]
With glittering spangs that did like stars appear.
--Spenser.
Spangle \Span"gle\, n. [OE. spangel, dim. of AS. spange. See
{Spang} a spangle.]
1. A small plate or boss of shining metal; something
brilliant used as an ornament, especially when stitched on
the dress.
2. Figuratively, any little thing that sparkless. ``The rich
spangles that adorn the sky.'' --Waller.
{Oak spangle}. See under {Oak}.
Spangle \Span"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spangled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Spangling}.]
To set or sprinkle with, or as with, spangles; to adorn with
small, distinct, brilliant bodies; as, a spangled
breastplate. --Donne.
What stars do spangle heaven with such beauty? --Shak.
{Spangled coquette} (Zo["o]l.), a tropical humming bird
({Lophornis regin[ae]}). See {Coquette}, 2.
Spangle \Span"gle\, v. i.
To show brilliant spots or points; to glisten; to glitter.
Some men by feigning words as dark as mine Make truth
to spangle, and its rays to shine. --Bunyan.
Spangler \Span"gler\, n.
One who, or that which, spangles.
Spangly \Span"gly\, a.
Resembling, or consisting of, spangles; glittering; as,
spangly light.
Spaniard \Span"iard\, n.
A native or inhabitant of Spain.
Spaniel \Span"iel\, n. [OF. espagneul, F. ['e]pagneul, espagnol
Spanish, Sp. espa[~n]nol, fr. Espa[~n]a Spain, from L.
Hispania.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) One of a breed of small dogs having long and
thick hair and large drooping ears. The legs are usually
strongly feathered, and the tail bushy. See Illust. under
{Clumber}, and {Cocker}.
Note: There are several varieties of spaniels, some of which,
known as field spaniels, are used in hunting; others
are used for toy or pet dogs, as the Blenheim spaniel,
and the King Charles spaniel (see under {Blenheim}). Of
the field spaniels, the larger kinds are called
springers, and to these belong the Sussex, Norfolk, and
Clumber spaniels (see {Clumber}). The smaller field
spaniels, used in hunting woodcock, are called cocker
spaniels (see Cocker). Field spaniels are remarkable
for their activity and intelligence.
As a spaniel she will on him leap. --Chaucer.
2. A cringing, fawning person. --Shak.
Spaniel \Span"iel\, a.
Cringing; fawning. --Shak.
Spaniel \Span"iel\, v. i.
To fawn; to cringe; to be obsequious. [R.] --Churchill.
Spaniel \Span"iel\, v. t.
To follow like a spaniel. [R.]
Spanish \Span"ish\, a.
Of or pertaining to Spain or the Spaniards.
{Spanish bayonet} (Bot.), a liliaceous plant ({Yucca
alorifolia}) with rigid spine-tipped leaves. The name is
also applied to other similar plants of the Southwestern
United States and mexico. Called also {Spanish daggers}.
{Spanish bean} (Bot.) See the Note under {Bean}.
{Spanish black}, a black pigment obtained by charring cork.
--Ure.
{Spanish broom} (Bot.), a leguminous shrub ({Spartium
junceum}) having many green flexible rushlike twigs.
{Spanish brown}, a species of earth used in painting, having
a dark reddish brown color, due to the presence of
sesquioxide of iron.
{Spanish buckeye} (Bot.), a small tree ({Ungnadia speciosa})
of Texas, New Mexico, etc., related to the buckeye, but
having pinnate leaves and a three-seeded fruit.
{Spanish burton} (Naut.), a purchase composed of two single
blocks. A double Spanish burton has one double and two
single blocks. --Luce (Textbook of Seamanship).
{Spanish chalk} (Min.), a kind of steatite; -- so called
because obtained from Aragon in Spain.
{Spanish cress} (Bot.), a cruciferous plant ({lepidium
Cadamines}), a species of peppergrass.
{Spanish curiew} (Zo["o]l.), the long-billed curlew. [U.S.]
{Spanish daggers} (Bot.) See {Spanish bayonet}.
{Spanish elm} (Bot.), a large West Indian tree ({Cordia
Gerascanthus}) furnishing hard and useful timber.
{Spanish feretto}, a rich reddish brown pigment obtained by
calcining copper and sulphur together in closed crucibles.
{Spanish flag} (Zo["o]l.), the California rockfish
({Sebastichthys rubrivinctus}). It is conspicuously
colored with bands of red and white.
{Spanish fly} (Zo["o]l.), a brilliant green beetle, common in
the south of Europe, used for raising blisters. See
{Blister beetle} under {Blister}, and {Cantharis}.
{Spanish fox} (Naut.), a yarn twisted against its lay.
{Spanish grass}. (Bot.) See {Esparto}.
{Spanish juice} (Bot.), licorice.
{Spanish leather}. See {Cordwain}.
{Spanish mackerel}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A species of mackerel ({Scomber colias}) found both in
Europe and America. In America called {chub mackerel},
{big-eyed mackerel}, and {bull mackerel}.
(b) In the United States, a handsome mackerel having bright
yellow round spots ({Scomberomorus maculatus}), highly
esteemed as a food fish. The name is sometimes
erroneously applied to other species. See Illust. under
Mackerel.
{Spanish main}, the name formerly given to the southern
portion of the Caribbean Sea, together with the contiguous
coast, embracing the route traversed by Spanish treasure
ships from the New to the Old World.
{Spanish moss}. (Bot.) See {Tillandsia}.
{Spanish needles} (Bot.), a composite weed ({Bidens
bipinnata}) having achenia armed with needlelike awns.
{Spanish nut} (Bot.), a bulbous plant ({Iris Sisyrinchium})
of the south of Europe.
{Spanish potato} (Bot.), the sweet potato. See under
{Potato}.
{Spanish red}, an ocherous red pigment resembling Venetian
red, but slightly yellower and warmer. --Fairholt.
{Spanish reef} (Naut.), a knot tied in the head of a
jib-headed sail.
{Spanish sheep} (Zo["o]l.), a merino.
{Spanish white}, an impalpable powder prepared from chalk by
pulverizing and repeated washings, -- used as a white
pigment.
{Spanish windlass} (Naut.), a wooden roller, with a rope
wound about it, into which a marline spike is thrust to
serve as a lever.
Spanish \Span"ish\, n.
The language of Spain.
Spank \Spank\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spanked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spanking}.] [Of unknown origin; cf. LG. spakken, spenkern,
to run and spring about quickly.]
To strike, as the breech, with the open hand; to slap.
Spank \Spank\, n.
A blow with the open hand; a slap.
Spank \Spank\, v. i.
To move with a quick, lively step between a trot and gallop;
to move quickly. --Thackeray.
Spanker \Spank"er\, n.
1. One who spanks, or anything used as an instrument for
spanking.
2. (Naut.) The after sail of a ship or bark, being a
fore-and-aft sail attached to a boom and gaff; --
sometimes called {driver}. See Illust. under {Sail}.
--Totten.
3. One who takes long, quick strides in walking; also, a fast
horse. [Colloq.]
4. Something very large, or larger than common; a whopper, as
a stout or tall person. [Colloq.]
{Spanker boom} (Naut.), a boom to which a spanker sail is
attached. See Illust. of {Ship}.
Spanker \Spank"er\, n.
A small coin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Spanking \Spank"ing\, a.
1. Moving with a quick, lively pace, or capable of so doing;
dashing.
Four spanking grays ready harnessed. --G. Colman,
the Younger.
2. Large; considerable. [Colloq.]
Spanking breeze \Spanking breeze\ (Naut.),
a strong breeze.
Spanless \Span"less\, a.
Incapable of being spanned.
Spanner \Span"ner\, n.
1. One who, or that which, spans.
2. The lock of a fusee or carbine; also, the fusee or carbine
itself. [Obs.]
3. An iron instrument having a jaw to fit a nut or the head
of a bolt, and used as a lever to turn it with; a wrench;
specifically, a wrench for unscrewing or tightening the
couplings of hose.
4. pl. A contrivance in some of the ealier steam engines for
moving the valves for the alternate admission and shutting
off of the steam.
Span-new \Span"-new`\, a. [Icel. sp[=a]nn?r, properly, new as a
ship just split; sp[=a]nn chip + n?r new. See {Spoon}, and
{New}.]
Quite new; brand-new; fire-new. ``A span-new archbishop's
chair.'' --Fuller.
Spannishing \Span"nish*ing\, n. [From OF. espanir to spread, F.
['e]panou?. See {Expand}.]
The full blooming of a flower. [Obs.] --Rom. of R.
Spanpiece \Span"piece\, n. (Arch.)
The collar of a roof; sparpiece.
Spanworm \Span"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The larva of any geometrid moth, as the cankeworm; a
geometer; a measuring worm.
Spar \Spar\, n. [AS. sp[ae]r in sp[ae]rst[=a]n chalkstone; akin
to MHG. spar, G. sparkalk plaster.] (Min.)
An old name for a nonmetallic mineral, usually cleavable and
somewhat lustrous; as, calc spar, or calcite, fluor spar,
etc. It was especially used in the case of the gangue
minerals of a metalliferous vein.
{Blue spar}, {Cube spar}, etc. See under {Blue}, {Cube}, etc.
Spar \Spar\, n. [OE. sparre; akin to D. spar, G. sparren, OHG.
sparro, Dan.& Sw. sparre, Icel. sparri; of uncertain origin.
? 171. Cf. {Spar}, v. t. ]
1. (Naut.) A general term any round piece of timber used as a
mast, yard, boom, or gaff.
2. (Arch.) Formerly, a piece of timber, in a general sense;
-- still applied locally to rafters.
3. The bar of a gate or door. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{Spar buoy} (Naut.), a buoy anchored by one end so that the
other end rises above the surface of the water.
{Spar deck} (Naut.), the upper deck of a vessel; especially,
in a frigate, the deck which is continued in a straight
line from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, and on which
spare spars are usually placed. See under {Deck}.
{Spar torpedo} (Naut.), a torpedo carried on the end of a
spar usually projecting from the bow of a vessel, and
intended to explode upon contact with an enemy's ships.
Spar \Spar\, v. t. [OE. sparren, AS. sparrian; akin to G.
sperren, Icel. sperra; from the noun. [root]171. See {Spara}
beam, bar.]
1. To bolt; to bar. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. To To supply or equip with spars, as a vessel.
Note: A vessel equipped with spars that are too large or too
small is said to be oversparred or undersparred.
Spar \Spar\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sparred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sparring}.] [Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. esparer to kick,
F. ['e]parer, or Icel. sperra to stretch out the legs, to
struggle.]
1. To strike with the feet or spurs, as cocks do.
2. To use the fists and arms scientifically in attack or
defense; to contend or combat with the fists, as for
exercise or amusement; to box.
Made believe to spar at Paul with great science.
--Dickens.
3. To contest in words; to wrangle. [Colloq.]
Spar \Spar\, n.
1. A contest at sparring or boxing.
2. A movement of offense or defense in boxing.
Sparable \Spar"a*ble\, n. [Corrupted from sparrow bill.]
A kind of small nail used by shoemakers.
Sparada \Spar"a*da\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small California surf fish ({Micrometrus aggregatus}); --
called also {shiner}.
Sparadrap \Spar"a*drap\, n. [F. sparadrap; cf. It. sparadrappo,
NL. sparadrapa.]
1. A cerecloth. [Obs.]
2. (Med.) Any adhesive plaster.
Sparage \Spar"age\ (?; 48), Sparagus \Spar"a*gus\, Sparagrass
\Spar"a*grass`\, n.
Obs. or corrupt forms of {Asparagus}.
Sparble \Spar"ble\, v. t. [OF. esparpiller to scatter, F.
['e]parpiller.]
To scatter; to disperse; to rout. [Obs.]
The king's host was sparbled and chased. --Fabyan.
Spare \Spare\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sparing}.] [AS. sparian, fr. sp[ae]r spare, sparing, saving;
akin to D. & G. sparen, OHG. spar?n, Icel. & Sw. spara, Dan.
spare See {Spare}, a.]
1. To use frugally or stintingly, as that which is scarce or
valuable; to retain or keep unused; to save. ``No cost
would he spare.'' --Chaucer.
[Thou] thy Father's dreadful thunder didst not
spare. --Milton.
He that hath knowledge, spareth his words. --Prov.
xvii. 27.
2. To keep to one's self; to forbear to impart or give.
Be pleased your plitics to spare. --Dryden.
Spare my sight the pain Of seeing what a world of
tears it costs you. --Dryden.
3. To preserve from danger or punishment; to forbear to
punish, injure, or harm; to show mercy to.
Spare us, good Lord. --Book of
Common Prayer.
Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial
visages. --Milton.
Man alone can whom he conquers spare. --Waller.
4. To save or gain, as by frugality; to reserve, as from some
occupation, use, or duty.
All the time he could spare from the necessary cares
of his weighty charge, he ?estowed on . . . serving
of God. --Knolles.
5. To deprive one's self of, as by being frugal; to do
without; to dispense with; to give up; to part with.
Where angry Jove did never spare One breath of kind
and temperate air. --Roscommon.
I could have better spared a better man. --Shak.
{To spare one's self}.
(a) To act with reserve. [Obs.]
Her thought that a lady should her spare.
--Chaucer.
(b) To save one's self labor, punishment, or blame.
Spare \Spare\, v. i.
1. To be frugal; not to be profuse; to live frugally; to be
parsimonious.
I, who at some times spend, at others spare, Divided
between carelessness and care. --Pope.
2. To refrain from inflicting harm; to use mercy or
forbearance.
He will not spare in the day of vengeance. --Prov.
vi. 34.
3. To desist; to stop; to refrain. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Spare \Spare\, a. [Compar. {Sparer}; superl. {Sparest}; -- not
used in all the senses of the word.] [AS. sp[ae]r sparing.
Cf. {Spare}, v. t. ]
1. Scanty; not abundant or plentiful; as, a spare diet.
2. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; chary.
He was spare, but discreet of speech. --Carew.
3. Being over and above what is necessary, or what must be
used or reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous;
as, I have no spare time.
If that no spare clothes he had to give. --Spenser.
4. Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency; as, a spare
anchor; a spare bed or room.
5. Lean; wanting flesh; meager; thin; gaunt.
O, give me the spare men, and spare me the great
ones. --Shak.
6. Slow. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] --Grose.
Spare \Spare\, n.
1. The act of sparing; moderation; restraint. [Obs.]
Killing for sacrifice, without any spare. --Holland.
2. Parsimony; frugal use. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Poured out their plenty without spite or spare.
--Spenser.
3. An opening in a petticoat or gown; a placket. [Obs.]
4. That which has not been used or expended.
5. (Tenpins) The right of bowling again at a full set of
pins, after having knocked all the pins down in less than
three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one bowl
it is a double spare; in two bowls, a single spare.
Spareful \Spare"ful\, a.
Sparing; chary. [Obs.] --Fairfax. -- {Spare"ful*ness}, n.
[Obs.] --Sir P. Sidney.
Sparely \Spare"ly\, adv.
In a spare manner; sparingly.
Spareless \Spare"less\, a.
Unsparing. --Sylvester.
Spareness \Spare"ness\, n. [Cf. AS. sp[ae]rnis frugality.]
The quality or state of being lean or thin; leanness.
Sparer \Spar"er\, n.
One who spares.
Sparerib \Spare"rib`\, n. [Spare, a. + rib.]
A piece of pork, consisting or ribs with little flesh on
them.
Sparge \Sparge\, v. t. [L. spargere; cf. F. asperger.]
To sprinkle; to moisten by sprinkling; as, to sparge paper.
Spargefaction \Spar`ge*fac"tion\, n. [L. spargere to strew +
facere, factum, to make.]
The act of sprinkling. [Obs.] --Swift.
Sparger \Spar"ger\, n. [Cf. F. asperger to sprinkle, L.
aspergere, spargere.]
A vessel with a perforated cover, for sprinkling with a
liquid; a sprinkler.
Sparhawk \Spar"hawk`\, n. [OE. sperhauke.] (Zo["o]l.)
The sparrow hawk. [Prov. Eng.]
Spar-hung \Spar"-hung`\, a.
Hung with spar, as a cave.
Sparing \Spar"ing\, a.
Spare; saving; frugal; merciful. --Bacon. -- {Spar"ing*ly},
adv. -- {Spar"ing*ness}, n.
Spark \Spark\, n. [OE. sparke, AS. spearca; akin to D. spark,
sperk; cf. Icel. spraka to crackle, Lith. sprag["e]ti, Gr. ?
a bursting with a noise, Skr. sph?rj to crackle, to thunder.
Cf. {Speak}.]
1. A small particle of fire or ignited substance which is
emitted by a body in combustion.
Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward.
--Job v. 7.
2. A small, shining body, or transient light; a sparkle.
3. That which, like a spark, may be kindled into a flame, or
into action; a feeble germ; an elementary principle. ``If
any spark of life be yet remaining.'' --Shak. ``Small
intellectual spark.'' --Macaulay. ``Vital spark of
heavenly flame.'' --Pope.
We have here and there a little clear light, some
sparks of bright knowledge. --Locke.
Bright gem instinct with music, vocal spark.
--Wordsworth.
{Spark arrester}, a contrivance to prevent the escape of
sparks while it allows the passage of gas, -- chiefly used
in the smokestack of a wood-burning locomotive. Called
also {spark consumer}. [U.S.]
Spark \Spark\, n. [Icel. sparkr lively, sprightly.]
1. A brisk, showy, gay man.
The finest sparks and cleanest beaux. --Prior.
2. A lover; a gallant; a beau.
Spark \Spark\, v. i.
To sparkle. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Spark \Spark\, v. i.
To play the spark, beau, or lover.
A sure sign that his master was courting, or, as it is
termed, sparking, within. --W. Irwing.
Sparker \Spark"er\, n.
A spark arrester.
Sparkful \Spark"ful\, a.
Lively; brisk; gay. [Obs.] ``Our sparkful youth.'' --Camden.
Sparkish \Spark"ish\, a.
1. Like a spark; airy; gay. --W. Walsh.
2. Showy; well-dresed; fine. --L'Estrange.
Sparkle \Spar"kle\, n. [Dim. of spark.]
1. A little spark; a scintillation.
As fire is wont to quicken and go From a sparkle
sprungen amiss, Till a city brent up is. --Chaucer.
The shock was sufficiently strong to strike out some
sparkles of his fiery temper. --Prescott.
2. Brilliancy; luster; as, the sparkle of a diamond.
Sparkle \Spar"kle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sparkled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sparkling}.] [See {Sparkle}, n., Spark of fire.]
1. To emit sparks; to throw off ignited or incandescent
particles; to shine as if throwing off sparks; to emit
flashes of light; to scintillate; to twinkle; as, the
blazing wood sparkles; the stars sparkle.
A mantelet upon his shoulder hanging Bretful of
rubies red, as fire sparkling. --Chaucer.
2. To manifest itself by, or as if by, emitting sparks; to
glisten; to flash.
I see bright honor sparkle through your eyes.
--Milton.
3. To emit little bubbles, as certain kinds of liquors; to
effervesce; as, sparkling wine.
Syn: To shine; glisten; scintillate; radiate; coruscate;
glitter; twinkle.
Sparkle \Spar"kle\, v. t.
To emit in the form or likeness of sparks. ``Did sparkle
forth great light.'' --Spenser.
Sparkle \Spar"kle\, v. t. [Cf. {Sparble}.]
1. To disperse. [Obs.]
The Landgrave hath sparkled his army without any
further enterprise. --State
Papers.
2. To scatter on or over. [Obs.] --Purchas.
Sparkler \Spar"kler\, n.
One who scatters; esp., one who scatters money; an
improvident person. [Obs.]
Sparkler \Spar"kler\, n.
One who, or that which, sparkles.
Sparkler \Spar"kler\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A tiger beetle.
Sparklet \Spark"let\, n.
A small spark. [Obs.]
Sparkliness \Spark"li*ness\, n.
Vivacity. [Obs.] --Aubrey.
Sparkling \Spar"kling\, a.
Emitting sparks; glittering; flashing; brilliant; lively; as,
sparkling wine; sparkling eyes. -- {Spar"kling*ly}, adv. --
{Spar"kling*ness}, n.
Syn: Brilliant; shining. See {Shining}.
Sparling \Spar"ling\, n. [Akin to G. spierling, spiering, D.
spiering: cf. F. ['e]perlan.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European smelt ({Osmerus eperlanus}).
(b) A young salmon.
(c) A tern. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Sparlyre \Spar"lyre`\, n. [AS. spear-lira.]
The calf of the leg. [Obs.] --Wyclif (Deut. xxviii. 35).
Sparoid \Spa"roid\ (?; 277), a. [L. sparus the gilthead + -oid:
cf. F. sparo["i]de.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the {Sparid[ae]}, a family of
spinous-finned fishes which includes the scup, sheepshead,
and sea bream. -- n. One of the {Sparid[ae]}.
Sparpiece \Spar"piece`\, n. (Arch.)
The collar beam of a roof; the spanpiece. --Gwilt.
Sparpoil \Spar"poil\, v. t. [See {Sparble}.]
To scatter; to spread; to disperse. [Obs.]
Sparrow \Spar"row\, n. [OE. sparwe, AS. spearwa; akin to OHG.
sparo, G. sperling, Icel. sp["o]rr, Dan. spurv, spurre, Sw.
sparf, Goth. sparwa; -- originally, probably, the quiverer or
flutterer, and akin to E. spurn. See {Spurn}, and cf.
{Spavin}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) One of many species of small singing birds of
the family {Fringillig[ae]}, having conical bills, and
feeding chiefly on seeds. Many sparrows are called also
{finches}, and {buntings}. The common sparrow, or house
sparrow, of Europe ({Passer domesticus}) is noted for its
familiarity, its voracity, its attachment to its young,
and its fecundity. See {House sparrow}, under {House}.
Note: The following American species are well known; the
{chipping sparrow}, or {chippy}, the {sage sparrow},
the {savanna sparrow}, the {song sparrow}, the {tree
sparrow}, and the {white-throated sparrow} (see
{Peabody bird}). See these terms under {Sage},
{Savanna}, etc.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several small singing birds somewhat
resembling the true sparrows in form or habits, as the
European hedge sparrow. See under {Hedge}.
He that doth the ravens feed, Yea, providently
caters for the sparrow, Be comfort to my age!
--Shak.
{Field sparrow}, {Fox sparrow}, etc. See under {Field},
{Fox}, etc.
{Sparrow bill}, a small nail; a castiron shoe nail; a
sparable.
{Sparrow hawk}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small European hawk ({Accipiter nisus}) or any of
the allied species.
(b) A small American falcon ({Falco sparverius}).
(c) The Australian collared sparrow hawk ({Accipiter
torquatus}).
Note: The name is applied to other small hawks, as the
European kestrel and the New Zealand quail hawk.
{Sparrow owl} (Zo["o]l.), a small owl ({Glaucidium
passerinum}) found both in the Old World and the New. The
name is also applied to other species of small owls.
{Sparrow spear} (Zo["o]l.), the female of the reed bunting.
[Prov. Eng.]
Sparrowgrass \Spar"row*grass`\, n. [Corrupted from asparagus.]
Asparagus. [Colloq.] See the Note under {Asparagus}.
Sparrowwort \Spar"row*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
An evergreen shrub of the genus {Erica} ({E. passerina}).
Sparry \Spar"ry\, a. [From {Spar}.]
Resembling spar, or consisting of spar; abounding with spar;
having a confused crystalline structure; spathose.
{Sparry iron} (Min.), siderite. See {Siderite}
(a) .
{Sparry limestone} (Min.), a coarsely crystalline marble.
Sparse \Sparse\, a. [Compar. {Sparser}; superl. {Sparsest}.] [L.
sparsus, p. p. of spargere to strew, scatter. Cf. {Asperse},
{Disperse}.]
1. Thinly scattered; set or planted here and there; not being
dense or close together; as, a sparse population.
--Carlyle.
2. (Bot.) Placed irregularly and distantly; scattered; --
applied to branches, leaves, peduncles, and the like.
Sparse \Sparse\, v. t. [L. sparsus, p. p. of spargere to
scatter.]
To scatter; to disperse. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Sparsedly \Spars"ed*ly\, adv.
Sparsely. [Obs.]
Sparsely \Sparse"ly\, adv.
In a scattered or sparse manner.
Sparseness \Sparse"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sparse; as, sparseness of
population.
Sparsim \Spar"sim\, adv. [L., fr. spargere to scatter.]
Sparsely; scatteredly; here and there.
Spartan \Spar"tan\, a. [L. Spartanus.]
Of or pertaining to Sparta, especially to ancient Sparta;
hence, hardy; undaunted; as, Spartan souls; Spartan bravey.
-- n. A native or inhabitant of Sparta; figuratively, a
person of great courage and fortitude.
Sparteine \Spar"te*ine\, n. (Chem.)
A narcotic alkaloid extracted from the tops of the common
broom ({Cytisus scoparius}, formerly {Spartium scoparium}),
as a colorless oily liquid of aniline-like odor and very
bitter taste.
parterie \par"ter*ie\, n. [F., from Sp. esparto esparto, L.
spartum, Gr. ?.]
Articles made of the blades or fiber of the {Lygeum Spartum}
and {Stipa (or Macrochloa) tenacissima}, kinds of grass used
in Spain and other countries for making ropes, mats, baskets,
nets, and mattresses. --Loudon.
Sparth \Sparth\, n. [Cf. Icel. spar?a.]
An Anglo-Saxon battle-ax, or halberd. [Obs.]
He hath a sparth of twenty pound of weight. --Chaucer.
Sparve \Sparve\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]
Spary \Spar"y\, a.
Sparing; parsimonious. [Obs.]
Spasm \Spasm\, n. [F. spasme, L. spasmus, Gr. ?, from ?, ?, to
draw, to cause convulsion. Cf. {Span}, v. t.]
1. (Med.) An involuntary and unnatural contraction of one or
more muscles or muscular fibers.
Note: Spasm are usually either clonic or tonic. In clonic
spasm, the muscles or muscular fibers contract and
relax alternately in very quick succession. In tonic
spasm, the contraction is steady and uniform, and
continues for a comparatively long time, as in tetanus.
2. A sudden, violent, and temporary effort or emotion; as, a
spasm of repentance.
{Cynic spasm} (Med.) See under {Cynic}.
{Spasm of the chest}. See {Angina pectoris}, under {Angina}.
Spasmatical \Spas*mat"ic*al\, a.
Spasmodic. [Obs.]
Spasmodic \Spas"mod"ic\, a. [Gr. ?; ? a convulsion + ? likeness:
cf. F. spasmotique.]
1. (Med.) Of or pertaining to spasm; consisting in spasm;
occuring in, or characterized by, spasms; as, a spasmodic
asthma.
2. Soon relaxed or exhausted; convulsive; intermittent; as,
spasmodic zeal or industry.
{Spasmodic croup} (Med.), an affection of childhood
characterized by a stoppage of brathing developed suddenly
and without fever, and produced by spasmodic contraction
of the vocal cords. It is sometimes fatal. Called also
{laryngismus stridulus}, and {childcrowing}.
{Spasmodic stricture}, a stricture caused by muscular spasm
without structural change. See {Organic stricture}, under
{Organic}.
Spasmodic \Spas*mod"ic\, n. (Med.)
A medicine for spasm.
Spasmodical \Spas*mod"ic*al\, a.
Same as {Spasmodic}, a. -- {Spas*mod"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Spastic \Spas"tic\, a. [L. spasticus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to draw: cf.
F. spastique. See {Spasm}.] (Med.)
Of or pertaining to spasm; spasmodic; especially, pertaining
to tonic spasm; tetanic.
Spastically \Spas"tic*al*ly\, adv.
Spasmodically.
Spasticity \Spas*tic"i*ty\, n.
1. A state of spasm.
2. The tendency to, or capability of suffering, spasm.
Spat \Spat\,
imp. of {Spit}. [Obs. or R.]
Spat \Spat\, n. [From the root of spit; hence, literally, that
which is ejected.]
A young oyster or other bivalve mollusk, both before and
after it first becomes adherent, or such young, collectively.
Spat \Spat\, v. i. & t.
To emit spawn; to emit, as spawn.
Spat \Spat\, n. [Cf. {Pat}.]
1. A light blow with something flat. [U.S. & Prov. Eng.]
2. Hence, a petty combat, esp. a verbal one; a little
quarrel, dispute, or dissension. [U. S.]
Spat \Spat\, v. i.
To dispute. [R.] --Smart.
Spat \Spat\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spatted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spatting}.]
To slap, as with the open hand; to clap together; as the
hands. [Local, U.S.]
Little Isabel leaped up and down, spatting her hands.
--Judd.
Spatangoid \Spa*tan"goid\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Spatangoidea. -- n. One of the
Spatangoidea.
Spatangoidea \Spat`an*goi"de*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Spatangus},
and {-oid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of irregular sea urchins, usually having a more or
less heart-shaped shell with four or five petal-like
ambulacra above. The mouth is edentulous and situated
anteriorly, on the under side.
Spatangus \Spa*tan"gus\, n. [NL., fr. L. spatangius a kind of
sea urchin, Gr. ?.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of heart-shaped sea urchins belonging to the
Spatangoidea.
Spatchcock \Spatch"cock`\, n.
See {Spitchcock}.
Spate \Spate\, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. speid.]
A river flood; an overflow or inundation. --Burns.
Gareth in a showerful spring Stared at the spate.
--Tennyson.
Spatha \Spa"tha\, n.; pl. {Spath[ae]}. [L.] (Bot.)
A spathe.
Spathaceous \Spa*tha"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Having a spathe; resembling a spathe; spathal.
Spathal \Spa"thal\, a. (Bot.)
Furnished with a spathe; as, spathal flowers. --Howitt.
Spathe \Spathe\, n. [L. spatha, Gr. ?: cf. F. spathe. See
{Spade} for digging.] (Bot.)
A special involucre formed of one leaf and inclosing a
spadix, as in aroid plants and palms. See the Note under
{Bract}, and Illust. of {Spadix}.
Note: The name is also given to the several-leaved involucre
of the iris and other similar plants.
Spathed \Spathed\, a. (Bot.)
Having a spathe or calyx like a sheath.
Spathic \Spath"ic\, a. [Cf. F. spathique, fr. F. & G. spath
spar.]
Like spar; foliated or lamellar; spathose.
{Spathic iron} (Min.), siderite. See {Siderite}
(a) .
Spathiform \Spath"i*form\, a. [F. spathiforme.]
Resembling spar in form. ``The ocherous, spathiform, and
mineralized forms of uranite.'' --Lavoisier (Trans.).
Spathose \Spath"ose`\, a. (Min.)
See {Spathic}.
Spathose \Spath"ose`\, a. [See {Spathe}.] (Bot.)
Having a spathe; resembling a spathe; spatheceous; spathal.
Spathous \Spath"ous\, a. (Bot.)
Spathose.
Spathulate \Spath"u*late\, a.
See {Spatulate}.
Spatial \Spa"tial\, a.
Of or pertaining to space. ``Spatial quantity and
relations.'' --L. H. Atwater.
Spatially \Spa"tial*ly\, adv.
As regards space.
Spatiate \Spa"ti*ate\, v. t. [L. spatiatus, p. p. of spatiari,
fr. spatiatum. See {Space}.]
To rove; to ramble. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Spatter \Spat"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spattered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Spattering}.] [From the root of spit salvia.]
1. To sprinkle with a liquid or with any wet substance, as
water, mud, or the like; to make wet of foul spots upon by
sprinkling; as, to spatter a coat; to spatter the floor;
to spatter boots with mud.
Upon any occasion he is to be spattered over with
the blood of his people. --Burke.
2. To distribute by sprinkling; to sprinkle around; as, to
spatter blood. --Pope.
3. Fig.: To injure by aspersion; to defame; to soil; also, to
throw out in a defamatory manner.
Spatter \Spat"ter\, v. i.
To throw something out of the mouth in a scattering manner;
to sputter.
That mind must needs be irrecoverably depraved, which,
. . . tasting but once of one just deed, spatters at
it, and abhors the relish ever after. --Milton.
Spatterdashed \Spat"ter*dashed`\, a.
Wearing spatterdashes. [Colloq.] --Thackeray.
Spatterdashes \Spat"ter*dash`es\, n. pl. [Spatter + dash.]
Coverings for the legs, to protect them from water and mud;
long gaiters.
Spatter-dock \Spat`ter-dock`\, n. (Bot.)
The common yellow water lily ({Nuphar advena}).
Spattle \Spat"tle\, n.
Spawl; spittle. [Obs.] --Bale.
Spattle \Spat"tle\, n.
1. A spatula.
2. (Pottery) A tool or implement for mottling a molded
article with coloring matter --Knoght.
Spattling-poppy \Spat"tling-pop"py\, n. [Prov. E. spattle to
spit + E. poppy.] (Bot.)
A kind of catchfly ({Silene inflata}) which is sometimes
frothy from the action of captured insects.
Spatula \Spat"u*la\ (?; 135), n. [L. spatula, spathula, dim. of
spatha a spatula: F. spatule. See {Spade} for digging.]
An implement shaped like a knife, flat, thin, and somewhat
flexible, used for spreading paints, fine plasters, drugs in
compounding prescriptions, etc. Cf. {Palette knife}, under
{Palette}.
Spatulate \Spat"u*late\, a. [NL. spatulatus.] (Nat. Hist.)
Shaped like spatula, or like a battledoor, being roundish,
with a long, narrow, linear base. [Also written
{spathulate}.]
Spauld \Spauld\, n. [See {Spall} the shoulder.]
The shoulder. [Scot.]
Spavin \Spav"in\, n. [OE. spaveyne, OF. esparvain, F.
['e]parvin; akin to OF. espervier a sparrow hawk, F.
['e]pervier, fr. OHG. sparw[=a]ri (G. sperber), fr. OHG.
sparo sparrow, because this disease makes the horse raise the
infirm leg in the manner of a sparrow hawk or sparrow. See
{Sparrow}.] (Far.)
A disease of horses characterized by a bony swelling
developed on the hock as the result of inflammation of the
bones; also, the swelling itself. The resulting lameness is
due to the inflammation, and not the bony tumor as popularly
supposed. --Harbaugh.
{Bog spavin}, a soft swelling produced by distention of the
capsular ligament of the hock; -- called also {blood
spavin}.
{Bone spavin}, spavin attended with exostosis; ordinary
spavin.
Spavined \Spav"ined\, a.
Affected with spavin.
Spaw \Spaw\, n.
See {Spa}.
Spawl \Spawl\, n.
A splinter or fragment, as of wood or stone. See {Spall}.
Spawl \Spawl\, n. [Cf. AS. sp[=a]tl, fr. sp[=ae]tan to spit;
probably akin to sp[=i]wan, E. spew. Cf. {Spew}.]
Scattered or ejected spittle.
Spawl \Spawl\, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. {Spawled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Spawling}.] [Cf. AS. sp[=a]tlian.]
To scatter spittle from the mouth; to spit, as saliva.
Why must he sputter, spawl, and slaver it In vain,
against the people's favorite. --Swift.
Spawling \Spawl"ing\, n.
That which is spawled, or spit out.
Spawn \Spawn\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spawned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spawning}.] [OE. spanen, OF. espandre, properly, to shed,
spread, L. expandere to spread out. See {Expand}.]
1. To produce or deposit (eggs), as fishes or frogs do.
2. To bring forth; to generate; -- used in contempt.
One edition [of books] spawneth another. --Fuller.
Spawn \Spawn\, v. i.
1. To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs do.
2. To issue, as offspring; -- used contemptuously.
Spawn \Spawn\, n. [[root]170. See {Spawn}, v. t.]
1. The ova, or eggs, of fishes, oysters, and other aquatic
animals.
2. Any product or offspring; -- used contemptuously.
3. (Hort.) The buds or branches produced from underground
stems.
4. (Bot.) The white fibrous matter forming the matrix from
which fungi.
{Spawn eater} (Zo["o]l.), a small American cyprinoid fish
({Notropis Hudsonius}) allied to the dace.
Spawner \Spawn"er\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) A mature female fish.
The barbel, for the preservation or their seed, both
the spawner and the milter, cover their spawn with
sand. --Walton.
2. Whatever produces spawn of any kind.
Spay \Spay\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spayed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spaying}.] [Cf. Armor. spac'hein, spaza to geld, W. dyspaddu
to geld, L. spado a eunuch, Gr. ?.]
To remove or extirpate the ovaries of, as a sow or a bitch;
to castrate (a female animal).
Spay \Spay\, n. [Cf. {Spade} a spay, {Spay}, v. t.] (Zo["o]l.)
The male of the red deer in his third year; a spade.
Spayad \Spay"ad\, Spayade \Spay"ade\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A spay.
Speak \Speak\, v. i. [imp. {Spoke}({Spake}Archaic); p. p.
{Spoken}({Spoke}, Obs. or Colloq.); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Speaking}.] [OE. speken, AS. specan, sprecan; akin to
OF.ries. spreka, D. spreken, OS. spreken, G. sprechen, OHG.
sprehhan, and perhaps to Skr. sph[=u]rj to crackle, to
thunder. Cf. {Spark} of fire, {Speech}.]
1. To utter words or articulate sounds, as human beings; to
express thoughts by words; as, the organs may be so
obstructed that a man may not be able to speak.
Till at the last spake in this manner. --Chaucer.
Speak, Lord; for thy servant heareth. --1 Sam. iii.
9.
2. To express opinions; to say; to talk; to converse.
That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set,
as the tradesmen speak. --Boyle.
An honest man, is able to speak for himself, when a
knave is not. --Shak.
During the century and a half which followed the
Conquest, there is, to speak strictly, no English
history. --Macaulay.
3. To utter a speech, discourse, or harangue; to adress a
public assembly formally.
Many of the nobility made themselves popular by
speaking in Parliament against those things which
were most grateful to his majesty. --Clarendon.
4. To discourse; to make mention; to tell.
Lycan speaks of a part of C[ae]sar's army that came
to him from the Leman Lake. --Addison.
5. To give sound; to sound.
Make all our trumpets speak. --Shak.
6. To convey sentiments, ideas, or intelligence as if by
utterance; as, features that speak of self-will.
Thine eye begins to speak. --Shak.
{To speak of}, to take account of, to make mention of.
--Robynson (More's Utopia).
{To speak out}, to speak loudly and distinctly; also, to
speak unreservedly.
{To speak well for}, to commend; to be favorable to.
{To speak with}, to converse with. ``Would you speak with
me?'' --Shak.
Syn: To say; tell; talk; converse; discourse; articulate;
pronounce; utter.
Speak \Speak\, v. t.
1. To utter with the mouth; to pronounce; to utter
articulately, as human beings.
They sat down with him upn ground seven days and
seven nights, and none spake a word unto him. --Job.
ii. 13.
2. To utter in a word or words; to say; to tell; to declare
orally; as, to speak the truth; to speak sense.
3. To declare; to proclaim; to publish; to make known; to
exhibit; to express in any way.
It is my father;s muste To speak your deeds. --Shak.
Speaking a still good morrow with her eyes.
--Tennyson.
And for the heaven's wide circuit, let it speak The
maker's high magnificence. --Milton.
Report speaks you a bonny monk. --Sir W.
Scott.
4. To talk or converse in; to utter or pronounce, as in
conversation; as, to speak Latin.
And French she spake full fair and fetisely.
--Chaucer.
5. To address; to accost; to speak to.
[He will] thee in hope; he will speak thee fair.
--Ecclus.
xiii. 6.
each village senior paused to scan And speak the
lovely caravan. --Emerson.
{To speak a ship} (Naut.), to hail and speak to her captain
or commander.
Speakable \Speak"a*ble\, a.
1. Capable of being spoken; fit to be spoken. --Ascham.
2. Able to speak. --Milton.
Speaker \Speak"er\, n.
1. One who speaks. Specifically:
(a) One who utters or pronounces a discourse; usually, one
who utters a speech in public; as, the man is a good
speaker, or a bad speaker.
(b) One who is the mouthpiece of others; especially, one
who presides over, or speaks for, a delibrative
assembly, preserving order and regulating the debates;
as, the Speaker of the House of Commons, originally,
the mouthpiece of the House to address the king; the
Speaker of a House of Representatives.
2. A book of selections for declamation. [U. S.]
Speakership \Speak"er*ship\, n.
The office of speaker; as, the speakership of the House of
Representatives.
Speaking \Speak"ing\, a.
1. Uttering speech; used for conveying speech; as, man is a
speaking animal; a speaking tube.
2. Seeming to be capable of speech; hence, lifelike; as, a
speaking likeness.
{A speaking acquaintance}, a slight acquaintance with a
person, or one which merely permits the exchange of
salutations and remarks on indifferent subjects.
{Speaking trumpet}, an instrument somewhat resembling a
trumpet, by which the sound of the human voice may be so
intensified as to be conveyed to a great distance.
{Speaking tube}, a tube for conveying speech, especially from
one room to another at a distance.
{To be on speaking terms}, to be slightly acquainted.
Speking \Spek"ing\, n.
1. The act of uttering words.
2. Public declamation; oratory.
Spear \Spear\, n. [OE. spere, AS. spere; akin to D. & G. speer,
OS. & OHS. sper, Icel. spj["o]r, pl., Dan. sp[ae]r, L.
sparus.]
1. A long, pointed weapon, used in war and hunting, by
thrusting or throwing; a weapon with a long shaft and a
sharp head or blade; a lance.
Note: [See Illust. of {Spearhead}.] ``A sharp ground spear.''
--Chaucer.
They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and
their spears into pruning hooks. --Micah iv. 3.
2. Fig.: A spearman. --Sir W. Scott.
3. A sharp-pointed instrument with barbs, used for stabbing
fish and other animals.
4. A shoot, as of grass; a spire.
5. The feather of a horse. See {Feather}, n., 4.
6. The rod to which the bucket, or plunger, of a pump is
attached; a pump rod.
{Spear foot}, the off hind foot of a horse.
{Spear grass}. (Bot.)
(a) The common reed. See {Reed}, n., 1.
(b) meadow grass. See under {Meadow}.
{Spear hand}, the hand in which a horseman holds a spear; the
right hand. --Crabb.
{Spear side}, the male line of a family. --Lowell.
{Spear thistle} (Bot.), the common thistle ({Cnicus
lanceolatus}).
Spear \Spear\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Speared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spearing}.]
To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear; as, to spear a
fish.
Spear \Spear\, v. i.
To shoot into a long stem, as some plants. See {Spire}.
--Mortimer.
Spearer \Spear"er\, n.
One who uses a spear; as, a spearer of fish.
Spearfish \Spear"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A large and powerful fish ({Tetrapturus albidus}) related
to the swordfish, but having scales and ventral fins. It
is found on the American coast and the Mediterranean.
(b) The carp sucker.
Spearhead \Spear"head`\, n.
The pointed head, or end, of a spear.
Spearman \Spear"man\, n.; pl. {Spearmen}.
One who is armed with a spear. --Acts xxiii. 23.
Spearmint \Spear"mint`\, n. [So named from its spiry, not
capitate, inflorescence. --Dr. Prior.] (Bot.)
A species of mint ({Mentha viridis}) growing in moist soil.
It vields an aromatic oil. See {Mint}, and {Mentha}.
Spearwood \Spear"wood`\, n. (Bot.)
An Australian tree ({Acacia Doratoxylon}), and its tough
wood, used by the natives for spears.
Spearwort \Spear"wort`\, n. [AS. sperewyrt.] (Bot.)
A name given to several species of crowfoot ({Ranunculus})
which have spear-shaped leaves.
Speary \Spear"y\, a.
Having the form of a spear.
Spece \Spece\, n.
Species; kind. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Specht \Specht\, n. [See {Speight}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A woodpecker. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] --Sherwood.
Special \Spe"cial\, a. [L. specialis, fr. species a particular
sort, kind, or quality: cf. F. sp['e]cial. See {Species}, and
cf. {Especial}.]
1. Of or pertaining to a species; constituting a species or
sort.
A special is called by the schools a ``species''.
--I. Watts.
2. Particular; peculiar; different from others;
extraordinary; uncommon.
Our Savior is represented everywhere in Scripture as
the special patron of the poor and the afficted.
--Atterbury.
To this special evil an improvement of style would
apply a special redress. --De Quincey.
3. Appropriate; designed for a particular purpose, occasion,
or person; as, a special act of Parliament or of Congress;
a special sermon.
4. Limited in range; confined to a definite field of action,
investigation, or discussion; as, a special dictionary of
commercial terms; a special branch of study.
5. Chief in excellence. [Obs.]
The king hath drawn The special head of all the land
together. --Shak.
{Special administration} (Law), an administration limited to
certain specified effects or acts, or one granted during a
particular time or the existence of a special cause, as
during a controversy respecting the probate of a will, or
the right of administration, etc.
{Special agency}, an agency confined to some particular
matter.
{Special bail}, {Bail above}, or {Bail to the action} (Law),
sureties who undertake that, if the defendant is
convicted, he shall satisfy the plaintiff, or surrender
himself into custody. --Tomlins. Wharton (Law Dict.).
{Special constable}. See under {Constable}. --Bouvier.
{Special damage} (Law), a damage resulting from the act
complained of, as a natural, but not the necessary,
consequence of it.
{Special demurrer} (Law), a demurrer for some defect of form
in the opposite party pleading, in which the cause of
demurrer is particularly stated.
{Special deposit}, a deposit made of a specific thing to be
kept distinct from others.
{Special homology}. (Biol.) See under {Homology}.
{Special injuction} (Law), an injuction granted on special
grounds, arising of the circumstances of the case.
--Daniell.
{Special issue} (Law), an issue produced upon a special plea.
--Stephen.
{Special jury} (Law), a jury consisting of persons of some
particular calling, station, or qualification, which is
called upon motion of either party when the cause is
supposed to require it; a struck jury.
{Special orders} (Mil.), orders which do not concern, and are
not published to, the whole command, such as those
relating to the movement of a particular corps, a detail,
a temporary camp, etc.
{Special partner}, a limited partner; a partner with a
limited or restricted responsibility; -- unknown at common
law.
{Special partnership}, a limited or particular partnership;
-- a term sometimes applied to a partnership in a
particular business, operation, or adventure.
{Special plea in bar} (Law), a plea setting forth particular
and new matter, distinguished from the general issue.
--Bouvier.
{Special pleader} (Law), originally, a counsel who devoted
himself to drawing special counts and pleas; in a wider
sense, a lawyer who draws pleadings.
{Special pleading} (Law), the allegation of special or new
matter, as distingiushed from a direct denial of matter
previously alleged on the side. --Bouvier. The popular
denomination of the whole science of pleading. --Stephen.
The phrase is sometimes popularly applied to the specious,
but unsound, argumentation of one whose aim is victory,
and not truth. --Burrill.
{Special property} (Law), a qualified or limited ownership
possession, as in wild animals, things found or bailed.
{Special session}, an extraordinary session; a session at an
unusual time or for an unusual purpose; as, a special
session of Congress or of a legislature.
{Special statute}, or {Special law}, an act of the
legislature which has reference to a particular person,
place, or interest; -- in distinction from a general law.
{Special verdict} (Law), a special finding of the facts of
the case, leaving to the court the application of the law
to them. --Wharton (Law Dict.).
Syn: Peculiar; appropriate; specific; dictinctive;
particular; exceptional; singular. See {Peculiar}.
Special \Spe"cial\, n.
1. A particular. [Obs.] --Hammond.
2. One appointed for a special service or occasion.
{In special}, specially; in particular. --Chaucer.
Specialism \Spe"cial*ism\, n.
Devotion to a particular and restricted part or branch of
knowledge, art, or science; as, medical specialism.
Specialist \Spe"cial*ist\, n.
One who devotes himself to some specialty; as, a medical
specialist, one who devotes himself to diseases of particular
parts of the body, as the eye, the ear, the nerves, etc.
Speciality \Spe`ci*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Specialities}. [See
{Special}, and {Specialty}.]
1. A particular or peculiar case; a particularity. --Sir M.
Hale.
2. (Law) See {Specialty}, 3.
3. The special or peculiar mark or characteristic of a person
or thing; that for which a person is specially
distinguished; an object of special attention; a special
occupation or object of attention; a specialty.
On these two general heads all other specialities
are depedent. --Hooker.
Strive, while improving your one talent, to enrich
your whole capital as a man. It is in this way that
you escape from the wretched narrow-mindedness which
is the characteristic of every one who cultivates
his speciality. --Ld. Lytton.
We 'll say, instead, the inconsequent creature man,
- For that'a his speciality. --Mrs.
Browning.
Think of this, sir, . . . remote from the impulses
of passion, and apart from the specialities -- if I
may use that strong remark -- of prejudice.
--Dickens.
4. An attribute or quality peculiar to a species.
Specialization \Spe`cial*i*za"tion\, n.
1. The act of specializing, or the state of being
spezialized.
2. (Biol.) The setting apart of a particular organ for the
performance of a particular function. --Darwin.
Specialize \Spe"cial*ize\, v. t.
1. To mention specially; to particularize.
2. To apply to some specialty or limited object; to assign to
a specific use; as, specialized knowledge.
3. (Biol.) To supply with an organ or organs having a special
function or functions.
Specially \Spe"cial*ly\, adv.
1. In a special manner; particularly; especially. --Chaucer.
2. For a particular purpose; as, a meeting of the legislature
is specially summoned.
Specialty \Spe"cial*ty\, n.; pl. {Specialties}. [F.
sp['e]cialit['e]. Cf. {Speciality}.]
1. Particularity.
Specialty of rule hath been neglected. --Shak.
2. A particular or peculiar case. [Obs.]
3. (Law) A contract or obligation under seal; a contract by
deed; a writing, under seal, given as security for a debt
particularly specified. --Chitty. --Bouvier. --Wharton
(Law Dict.).
Let specialties be therefore drawn between us.
--Shak.
4. That for which a person is distinguished, in which he is
specially versed, or which he makes an object of special
attention; a speciality.
Men of boundless knowledge, like Humbold, must have
had once their specialty, their pet subject. --C.
Kingsley.
Specie \Spe"ci*e\,
abl. of L. species sort, kind. Used in the phrase in specie,
that is, in sort, in kind, in (its own) form.
``[The king] expects a return in specie from them'' [i.
e., kindness for kindness]. --Dryden.
{In specie} (Law), in precise or definite form; specifically;
according to the exact terms; of the very thing.
Specie \Spe"cie\, n. [Formed as a singular from species, in
sense 5.]
Coin; hard money.
Species \Spe"cies\, n. sing. & pl. [L., a sight, outward
appearance, shape, form, a particular sort, kind, or quality,
a species. See {Spice}, n., and cf. {Specie}, {Special}.]
1. Visible or sensible presentation; appearance; a sensible
percept received by the imagination; an image. [R.] ``The
species of the letters illuminated with indigo and
violet.'' --Sir I. Newton.
Wit, . . . the faculty of imagination in the writer,
which searches over all the memory for the species
or ideas of those things which it designs to
represent. --Dryden.
Note: In the scholastic philosophy, the species was sensible
and intelligible. The sensible species was that in any
material, object which was in fact discerned by the
mind through the organ of perception, or that in any
object which rendered it possible that it should be
perceived. The sensible species, as apprehended by the
understanding in any of the relations of thought, was
called an intelligible species. ``An apparent diversity
between the species visible and audible is, that the
visible doth not mingle in the medium, but the audible
doth.'' --Bacon.
2. (Logic) A group of individuals agreeing in common
attributes, and designated by a common name; a conception
subordinated to another conception, called a genus, or
generic conception, from which it differs in containing or
comprehending more attributes, and extending to fewer
individuals. Thus, {man} is a species, under {animal} as a
genus; and man, in its turn, may be regarded as a genus
with respect to {European}, {American}, or the like, as
species.
3. In science, a more or less permanent group of existing
things or beings, associated according to attributes, or
properties determined by scientific observation.
Note: In mineralogy and chemistry, objects which possess the
same definite chemical structure, and are fundamentally
the same in crystallization and physical characters,
are classed as belonging to a species. In zo["o]logy
and botany, a species is an ideal group of individuals
which are believed to have descended from common
ancestors, which agree in essential characteristics,
and are capable of indefinitely continued fertile
reproduction through the sexes. A species, as thus
defined, differs from a variety or subspecies only in
the greater stability of its characters and in the
absence of individuals intermediate between the related
groups.
4. A sort; a kind; a variety; as, a species of low cunning; a
species of generosity; a species of cloth.
5. Coin, or coined silver, gold, ot other metal, used as a
circulating medium; specie. [Obs.]
There was, in the splendor of the Roman empire, a
less quantity of current species in Europe than
there is now. --Arbuthnot.
6. A public spectacle or exhibition. [Obs.] --Bacon.
7. (Pharmacy)
(a) A component part of compound medicine; a simple.
(b) (Med.) An officinal mixture or compound powder of any
kind; esp., one used for making an aromatic tea or
tisane; a tea mixture. --Quincy.
8. (Civil Law) The form or shape given to materials; fashion
or shape; form; figure. --Burill.
{Incipient species} (Zo["o]l.), a subspecies, or variety,
which is in process of becoming permanent, and thus
changing to a true species, usually by isolation in
localities from which other varieties are excluded.
Specifiable \Spec"i*fi`a*ble\, a.
Admitting specification; capable of being specified.
Specific \Spe*cif"ic\, a. [F. sp['e]cifique, or NL. cpesificus;
L. species a particular sort or kind + facere to make. Cf.
{Specify}.]
1. Of or pertaining to a species; characterizing or
constituting a species; possessing the peculiar property
or properties of a thing which constitute its species, and
distinguish it from other things; as, the specific form of
an animal or a plant; the specific qualities of a drug;
the specific distinction between virtue and vice.
Specific difference is that primary attribute which
distinguishes each species from one another. --I.
Watts.
2. Specifying; definite, or making definite; limited;
precise; discriminating; as, a specific statement.
3. (Med.) Exerting a peculiar influence over any part of the
body; preventing or curing disease by a peculiar adaption,
and not on general principles; as, quinine is a specific
medicine in cases of malaria.
In fact, all medicines will be found specific in the
perfection of the science. --Coleridge.
{Specific character} (Nat. Hist.), a characteristic or
characteristics distinguishing one species from every
other species of the same genus.
{Specific disease} (Med.)
(a) A disease which produces a determinate definite effect
upon the blood and tissues or upon some special
tissue.
(b) A disease which is itself uniformly produced by a
definite and peculiar poison or organism.
{Specific duty}. (Com.) See under {Duty}.
{Specific gravity}. (Physics) See under {Gravity}.
{Specific heat} (Physics), the quantity of heat required to
raise temperature of a body one degree, taking as the unit
of measure the quantity required to raise the same weight
of water from zero to one degree; thus, the specific heat
of mercury is 0.033, that of water being 1.000.
{Specific inductive capacity} (Physics), the effect of a
dielectric body in producing static electric induction as
compared with that of some other body or bodies referred
to as a standard.
{Specific legacy} (Law), a bequest of a particular thing, as
of a particular animal or piece of furniture, specified
and distinguished from all others. --Wharton. --Burrill.
{Specific name} (Nat., Hist.), the name which, appended to
the name of the genus, constitutes the distinctive name of
the species; -- originally applied by Linn[ae]us to the
essential character of the species, or the essential
difference. The present specific name he at first called
the {trivial name}.
{Specific performance} (Law), the peformance of a contract or
agreement as decreed by a court of equity.
Specific \Spe*cif"ic\, n.
1. (Med.) A specific remedy. See {Specific}, a., 3.
His parents were weak enough to believe that the
royal touch was a specific for this malady.
--Macaulay.
2. Anything having peculiar adaption to the purpose to which
it is applied. --Dr. H. More.
Specifical \Spe*cif"ic*al\, a.
Specific. --Bacon.
Specifically \Spe*cif"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a specific manner.
Specificalness \Spe*cif"ic*al*ness\, n.
The quality of being specific.
Specificate \Spe*cif"i*cate\, v. t. [See {Specify}.]
To show, mark, or designate the species, or the
distinguishing particulars of; to specify. [Obs.] --ir M.
Hale.
Specification \Spec`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. sp['e]cification,
LL. specificatio.]
1. The act of specifying or determining by a mark or limit;
notation of limits.
This specification or limitation of the question
hinders the disputers from wandering away from the
precise point of inquiry. --I. Watts.
2. The designation of particulars; particular mention; as,
the specification of a charge against an officer.
3. A written statement containing a minute description or
enumeration of particulars, as of charges against a public
officer, the terms of a contract, the description of an
invention, as in a patent; also, a single article, item,
or particular, an allegation of a specific act, as in a
charge of official misconduct.
Soecificness \Soe*cif"ic*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being specific.
Specify \Spec"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Specified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Specifying}.] [F. sp['e]cifier, or OF. especifier,
fr. LL. specificare. See {Species}, {-fy}.]
To mention or name, as a particular thing; to designate in
words so as to distinguish from other things; as, to specify
the uses of a plant; to specify articles purchased.
He has there given us an exact geography of Greece,
where the countries and the uses of their soils are
specified. --Pope.
Specollum \Spe*col"lum\, n. [L.] (Med.)
See {Stylet}, 2.
Specimen \Spec"i*men\, n. [L., fr. specere to look, to behold.
See {Spy}.]
A part, or small portion, of anything, or one of a number of
things, intended to exhibit the kind and quality of the
whole, or of what is not exhibited; a sample; as, a specimen
of a man's handwriting; a specimen of painting; aspecimen of
one's art.
Syn: Sample; model; pattern.
Usage: {Specimen}, {Sample}. A specimen is a representative
of the class of things to which it belongs; as, a
specimen of photography. A sample is a part of the
thing itself, designed to show the quality of the
whole; as, a sample of sugar or of broadcloth. A
cabinet of minerals consists of specimens; if a part
be broken off from any one of these, it is a sample of
the mineral to which it belongs. ``Several persons
have exhibited specimens of this art before multitudes
of beholders.'' --Addison. ``I design this but for a
sample of what I hope more fully to discuss.''
--Woodward.
Speciosity \Spe`ci*os"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Speciocities}. [Cf. LL.
{speciositas}.]
1. The quality or state of being specious; speciousness.
Professions built so largely on speciosity, instead
of performance. --Carlyle.
2. That which is specious. --Dr. H. More.
Specious \Spe"cious\, a. [L. speciosusgood-looking, beautiful,
specious, fr. species look, show, appearance; cf. F.
sp['e]coeux. See {Species}.]
1. Presenting a pleasing appearance; pleasing in form or
look; showy.
Some [serpents] specious and beautiful to the eye.
--Bp.
Richardson.
The rest, far greater part, Will deem in outward
rites and specious forms Religion satisfied.
--Milton.
2. Apparently right; superficially fair, just, or correct,
but not so in reality; appearing well at first view;
plausible; as, specious reasoning; a specious argument.
Misled for a moment by the specious names of
religion, liberty, and property. --Macaulay.
In consequence of their greater command of specious
expression. --J. Morley.
Syn: Plausible; showy; ostensible; colorable; feasible. See
{Plausible}. -- {Spe"xious*ly}, adv. --
{Spe"cious*ness}, n.
Speck \Speck\, n. [Cf. Icel. spik blubber, AS. spic, D. spek, G.
speck.]
The blubber of whales or other marine mammals; also, the fat
of the hippopotamus.
{Speck falls} (Naut.), falls or ropes rove through blocks for
hoisting the blubber and bone of whales on board a whaling
vessel.
Speck \Speck\, n. [OE. spekke, AS. specca; cf. LG. spaak.]
1. A small discolored place in or on anything, or a small
place of a color different from that of the main
substance; a spot; a stain; a blemish; as, a speck on
paper or loth; specks of decay in fruit. ``Gray sand, with
black specks.'' --Anson.
2. A very small thing; a particle; a mite; as, specks of
dust; he has not a speck of money.
Many bright specks bubble up along the blue Egean.
--Landor.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A small etheostomoid fish ({Ulocentra
stigm[ae]a}) common in the Eastern United States.
Speck \Speck\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Specked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Specking}.]
To cause the presence of specks upon or in, especially specks
regarded as defects or blemishes; to spot; to speckle; as,
paper specked by impurities in the water used in its
manufacture.
Carnation, purple, azure, or specked with gold.
--Milton.
Speckle \Spec"kle\, n. [Dim. of speck; cf. D. spikkel.]
A little or spot in or anything, of a different substance or
color from that of the thing itself.
An huge great serpent, all with speckles pied.
--Spebser.
Speckle \Spec"kle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Speckled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Speckling}.]
To mark with small spots of a different color from that of
the rest of the surface; to variegate with spots of a
different color from the ground or surface.
Speckled \Spec"kled\, a.
Marked or variegated with small spots of a different color
from that of the rest of the surface.
{Speckled Indians} (Ethnol.), the Pintos.
{Speckled trout}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The common American brook trout. See {Trout}.
(b) The rainbow trout.
Speckled-belly \Spec"kled-bel`ly\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The gadwall. [Local, U.S.]
Speckled-bill \Spec"kled-bill"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The American white-fronted goose ({Anser albifrons}).
Speckledness \Spec"kled*ness\, n.
The quality of being speckled.
Specksioneer \Speck`sion*eer"\, n.
The chief harpooner, who also directs in cutting up the
speck, or blubber; -- so called among whalers.
Speckt \Speckt\, n.
A woodpecker. See {Speight}.
Spectacle \Spec"ta*cle\, n. [F., fr. L. spectaculum, fr.
spectare to look at, to behold, v. intens. fr. specere. See
{Spy}.]
1. Something exhibited to view; usually, something presented
to view as extraordinary, or as unusual and worthy of
special notice; a remarkable or noteworthy sight; a show;
a pageant; a gazingstock.
O, piteous spectacle? O, bloody times! --Shak.
2. A spy-glass; a looking-glass. [Obs.]
Poverty a spectacle is, as thinketh me, Through
which he may his very friends see. --Chaucer.
3. pl. An optical instrument consisting of two lenses set in
a light frame, and worn to assist sight, to obviate some
defect in the organs of vision, or to shield the eyes from
bright light.
4. pl. Fig.: An aid to the intellectual sight.
Shakespeare . . . needed not the spectacles of books
to read nature. --Dryden.
Syn: Show; sight; exhibition; representation; pageant.
Spectacled \Spec"ta*cled\, a.
1. Furnished with spectacles; wearing spectacles.
As spectacled she sits in chimney nook. --Keats.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having the eyes surrounded by color markings,
or patches of naked skin, resembling spectacles.
{Spectacled bear} (Zo["o]l.), a South American bear
({Tremarclos ornatus}) which inhabits the high mountains
of Chili and Peru. It has a light-colored ring around each
eye.
{Spectacled coot}, or {Spectacled duck} (Zo["o]l.), the surf
scoter, or surf duck. [Local, U.S.]
{Spectacled eider} (Zo["o]l.) See {Eider}.
{Spectacled goose} (Zo["o]l.), the gannet.
{Spectacled snake} (Zo["o]l.), the cobra de capello.
Spectacular \Spec*tac"u*lar\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a shows; of the nature of a show.
``Spectacular sports.'' --G. Hickes.
2. Adapted to excite wonder and admiration by a display of
pomp or of scenic effects; as, a spectacular celebration
of some event; a spectacular play.
3. Pertaining to spectacles, or glasses for the eyes.
Spectant \Spec"tant\, a. [L. spectans, p. pr. of spectare to
look at.]
Looking forward.
Spectation \Spec*ta"tion\, n. [L. spectatio.]
Regard; aspect; appearance. --Harvey.
Spectator \Spec*ta"tor\, n. [L. spectator: cf. F. spectateur.
See {Spectacle}.]
One who on; one who sees or beholds; a beholder; one who is
personally present at, and sees, any exhibition; as, the
spectators at a show. ``Devised and played to take
spectators.''
--Shak.
Syn: Looker-on; beholder; observer; witness.
Spectatorial \Spec`ta*to"ri*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a spectator. --Addison.
Spectatorship \Spec*ta"tor*ship\, n.
1. The office or quality of a spectator. [R.] --Addison.
2. The act of beholding. [Obs.] --Shak.
Spectatress \Spec*ta"tress\, Spectatrix \Spec*ta"trix\, n. [L.
spectatrix.]
A female beholder or looker-on. ``A spectatress of the whole
scene.'' --Jeffrey.
Specter \Spec"ter\, Spectre \Spec"tre\, n. [F. spectre, fr. L.
spectrum an appearance, image, specter, fr. specere to look.
See {Spy}, and cf. {Spectrum}.]
1. Something preternaturally visible; an apparition; a ghost;
a phantom.
The ghosts of traitors from the bridge descend, With
bold fanatic specters to rejoice. --Dryden.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The tarsius.
(b) A stick insect.
{Specter bat} (Zo["o]l.), any phyllostome bat.
{Specter candle} (Zo["o]l.), a belemnite.
{Specter shrimp} (Zo["o]l.), a skeleton shrimp. See under
{Skeleton}.
Spectioneer \Spec`tion*eer"\, n.
Same as {Specsioneer}.
Spectral \Spec"tral\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a specter; ghosty.
He that feels timid at the spectral form of evil is
not the man to spread light. --F. W.
Robertson.
2. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the spectrum; made by the
spectrum; as, spectral colors; spectral analysis.
{Spectral lemur}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Tarsius}.
Spectrally \Spec"tral*ly\, adv.
In the form or manner of a specter.
Spectre \Spec"tre\, n.
See {Specter}.
Spectrological \Spec`tro*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to spectrology; as, spectrological studies
or experiments. -- {Spec`tro*log"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Spectrology \Spec*trol"o*gy\, n. [Spectrum + -logy.]
(Chem.Phys.)
The science of spectrum analysis in any or all of its
relations and applications.
Spectrometer \Spec*trom"e*ter\, n. [Spectrum + -meter.]
(Physics)
A spectroscope fitted for measurements of the luminious
spectra observed with it.
Spectrophotometer \Spec`tro*pho*tom"e*ter\, n. [Spectrum +
photometer.] (Opt.)
An instrument for measuring or comparing the intensites of
the colors of the spectrum.
Spectroscope \Spec"tro*scope\, n. [Spectrum + -scope.] (Physics)
An optical instrument for forming and examining spectra (as
that of solar light, or those produced by flames in which
different substances are volatilized), so as to determine,
from the position of the spectral lines, the composition of
the substance.
Spectroscopic \Spec`tro*scop"ic\, Spectroscopical
\Spec`tro*scop"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a spectroscope, or spectroscopy. --
{Spec`tro*scop"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Spectroscopist \Spec*tros"co*pist\ (? or ?), n.
One who investigates by means of a spectroscope; one skilled
in the use of the spectroscope.
Spectroscopy \Spec*tros"co*py\, n.
The use of the spectroscope; investigations made with the
spectroscope.
Spectrum \Spec"trum\, n.; pl. {Spectra}. [L. See {Specter}.]
1. An apparition; a specter. [Obs.]
2. (Opt.)
(a) The several colored and other rays of which light is
composed, separated by the refraction of a prism or
other means, and observed or studied either as spread
out on a screen, by direct vision, by photography, or
otherwise. See Illust. of {Light}, and {Spectroscope}.
(b) A luminous appearance, or an image seen after the eye
has been exposed to an intense light or a strongly
illuminated object. When the object is colored, the
image appears of the complementary color, as a green
image seen after viewing a red wafer lying on white
paper. Called also {ocular spectrum}.
{Absorption spectrum}, the spectrum of light which has passed
through a medium capable of absorbing a portion of the
rays. It is characterized by dark spaces, bands, or lines.
{Chemical spectrum}, a spectrum of rays considered solely
with reference to their chemical effects, as in
photography. These, in the usual photogrophic methods,
have their maximum influence at and beyond the violet
rays, but are not limited to this region.
{Chromatic spectrum}, the visible colored rays of the solar
spectrum, exhibiting the seven principal colors in their
order, and covering the central and larger portion of the
space of the whole spectrum.
{Continous spectrum}, a spectrum not broken by bands or
lines, but having the colors shaded into each other
continously, as that from an incandescent solid or liquid,
or a gas under high pressure.
{Diffraction spectrum}, a spectrum produced by diffraction,
as by a grating.
{Gaseous spectrum}, the spectrum of an incandesoent gas or
vapor, under moderate, or especially under very low,
pressure. It is characterized by bright bands or lines.
{Normal spectrum}, a representation of a spectrum arranged
upon conventional plan adopted as standard, especially a
spectrum in which the colors are spaced proportionally to
their wave lengths, as when formed by a diffraction
grating.
{Ocular spectrum}. See {Spectrum}, 2
(b), above.
{Prismatic spectrum}, a spectrum produced by means of a
prism.
{Solar spectrum}, the spectrum of solar light, especially as
thrown upon a screen in a darkened room. It is
characterized by numerous dark lines called Fraunhofer
lines.
{Spectrum analysis}, chemical analysis effected by comparison
of the different relative positions and qualities of the
fixed lines of spectra produced by flames in which
different substances are burned or evaporated, each
substance having its own characteristic system of lines.
{Thermal spectrum}, a spectrum of rays considered solely with
reference to their heating effect, especially of those
rays which produce no luminous phenomena.
Specular \Spec"u*lar\, a. [L. specularis (cf., from the same
root, specula a lookout, watchtower): cf. F. sp['e]culaire.
See {Speculum}.]
1. Having the qualities of a speculum, or mirror; having a
smooth, reflecting surface; as, a specular metal; a
specular surface.
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a speculum; conducted with the
aid of a speculum; as, a specular examination.
3. Assisting sight, as a lens or the like. [Obs.]
Thy specular orb Apply to well-dissected kernels;
lo! In each observe the slender threads Of
first-beginning trees. --J. Philips.
4. Affording view. [R.] ``Look once more, ere we leave this
specular mount.'' --Milton.
{Specular iron}. (Min.) See {Hematite}.
Speculate \Spec"u*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Speculated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Speculating}.] [L. speculatus, p. p. of
speculari to spy out, observe, fr. specula a lookout, fr.
specere to look. See {Spy}.]
1. To consider by turning a subject in the mind, and viewing
it in its different aspects and relations; to meditate; to
contemplate; to theorize; as, to speculate on questions in
religion; to speculate on political events.
It is remarkable that persons who speculate the most
boldly often conform with the most pefect quietude
to the external regulations of society. --Hawthorne.
2. (Philos.) To view subjects from certain premises given or
assumed, and infer conclusions respecting them a priori.
3. (Com.) To purchase with the expectation of a contingent
advance in value, and a consequent sale at a profit; --
often, in a somewhat depreciative sense, of unsound or
hazardous transactions; as, to speculate in coffee, in
sugar, or in bank stock.
Speculate \Spec"u*late\, v. t.
To consider attentively; as, to speculate the nature of a
thing. [R.] --Sir W. Hamilton.
Speculation \Spec`u*la"tion\, n. [L. speculatio a spying out,
observation: cf. F. sp['e]culation.]
1. The act of speculating. Specifically:
(a) Examination by the eye; view. [Obs.]
(b) Mental view of anything in its various aspects and
relations; contemplation; intellectual examination.
Thenceforth to speculations high or deep I
turned my thoughts. --Milton.
(c) (Philos.) The act or process of reasoning a priori
from premises given or assumed.
(d) (Com.) The act or practice of buying land, goods,
shares, etc., in expectation of selling at a higher
price, or of selling with the expectation of
repurchasing at a lower price; a trading on
anticipated fluctuations in price, as distinguished
from trading in which the profit expected is the
difference between the retail and wholesale prices, or
the difference of price in different markets.
Sudden fortunes, indeed, are sometimes made in such
places, by what is called the trade of speculation. --A.
Smith.
Speculation, while confined within moderate limits, is the
agent for equalizing supply and demand, and rendering the
fluctuations of price less sudden and abrupt than they
would otherwise be. --F. A.
Walker.
(e) Any business venture in involving unusual risks, with
a chance for large profits.
2. A conclusion to which the mind comes by speculating; mere
theory; view; notion; conjecture.
From him Socrates derived the principles of
morality, and most part of his natural speculations.
--Sir W.
temple.
To his speculations on these subjects he gave the
lofty name of the ``Oracles of Reason.'' --Macaulay.
3. Power of sight. [Obs.]
Thou hast no speculation in those eyes. --Shak.
4. A game at cards in which the players buy from one another
trumps or whole hands, upon a chance of getting the
highest trump dealt, which entitles the holder to the pool
of stakes.
Speculatist \Spec"u*la*tist\, n.
One who speculates, or forms theories; a speculator; a
theorist.
The very ingenious speculatist, Mr. Hume. --V. Knox.
Speculative \Spec"u*la*tive\, a. [Cf. F. sp['e]culatif, L.
speculativus.]
1. Given to speculation; contemplative.
The mind of man being by nature speculative.
--Hooker.
2. Involving, or formed by, speculation; ideal; theoretical;
not established by demonstration. --Cudworth.
3. Of or pertaining to vision; also, prying; inquisitive;
curious. [R.] --Bacon.
4. Of or pertaining to speculation in land, goods, shares,
etc.; as, a speculative dealer or enterprise.
The speculative merchant exercises no one regular,
established, or well-known branch of business. --A. Smith.
-- {Spec"u*la*tive*ly}, adv. -- {Spec"u*la*tive*ness}, n.
Speculator \Spec"u*la`tor\, n. [L., a spy, explorer,
investigator: cf. F. sp['e]culateur.]
One who speculates. Specifically:
(a) An observer; a contemplator; hence, a spy; a watcher.
[Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
(b) One who forms theories; a theorist.
A speculator who had dared to affirm that the human
soul is by nature mortal. --Macaulay.
(c) (Com.) One who engages in speculation; one who buys and
sells goods, land, etc., with the expectation of deriving
profit from fluctuations in price.
Speculatorial \Spec`u*la*to"ri*al\, a.
Speculatory; speculative. [Obs.]
Speculatory \Spec"u*la*to*ry\, a. [L. speculatorius belonging to
spies or scouts.]
1. Intended or adapted for viewing or espying; having
oversight. --T. Warton.
2. Exercising speculation; speculative. --T. Carew.
Speculist \Spec"u*list\, n.
One who observes or considers; an observer. [R.] --Goldsmith.
Speculum \Spec"u*lum\, n.; pl. L. {Specula}, E. {Speculum}. [L.,
fr. specere to look, behold. See {Spy}.]
1. A mirror, or looking-glass; especially, a metal mirror, as
in Greek and Roman arch[ae]ology.
2. A reflector of polished metal, especially one used in
reflecting telescopes. See {Speculum metal}, below.
3. (Surg.) An instrument for dilating certain passages of the
body, and throwing light within them, thus facilitating
examination or surgical operations.
4. (Zo["o]l.) A bright and lustrous patch of color found on
the wings of ducks and some other birds. It is usually
situated on the distal portions of the secondary quills,
and is much more brilliant in the adult male than in the
female.
{Speculum metal}, a hard, brittle alloy used for making the
reflectors of telescopes and other instruments, usually
consisting of copper and tin in various proportions, one
of the best being that in which there are 126.4 parts of
copper to 58.9 parts of tin, with sometimes a small
proportion of arsenic, antimony, or zinc added to improve
the whiteness.
Sped \Sped\,
imp. & p. p. of {Speed}.
Speece \Speece\, n.
Species; sort. [Obs.]
Speech \Speech\, n. [OE. speche, AS. sp?c, spr?, fr. specan,
sprecan, to speak; akin to D. spraak speech, OHG. spr[=a]hha,
G. sprache, Sw. spr?k, Dan. sprog. See {Speak}.]
1. The faculty of uttering articulate sounds or words; the
faculty of expressing thoughts by words or articulate
sounds; the power of speaking.
There is none comparable to the variety of
instructive expressions by speech, wherewith man
alone is endowed for the communication of his
thoughts. --Holder.
2. he act of speaking; that which is spoken; words, as
expressing ideas; language; conversation.
Note: Speech is voice modulated by the throat, tongue, lips,
etc., the modulation being accomplished by changing the
form of the cavity of the mouth and nose through the
action of muscles which move their walls.
O goode God! how gentle and how kind Ye seemed by
your speech and your visage The day that maked
was our marriage. --Chaucer.
The acts of God . . . to human ears Can nort
without process of speech be told. --Milton.
3. A particular language, as distinct from others; a tongue;
a dialect.
People of a strange speech and of an hard language.
--Ezek. iii.
6.
4. Talk; mention; common saying.
The duke . . . did of me demand What was the speech
among the Londoners Concerning the French journey.
--Shak.
5. formal discourse in public; oration; harangue.
The constant design of these orators, in all their
speeches, was to drive some one particular point.
--Swift.
6. ny declaration of thoughts.
I. with leave of speech implored, . . . replied.
--Milton.
Syn: Syn. Harangue; language; address; oration. See
{Harangue}, and {Language}.
Speech \Speech\, v. i. & t.
To make a speech; to harangue. [R.]
Speechful \Speech"ful\, a.
Full of speech or words; voluble; loquacious. [R.]
Speechification \Speech`i*fi*ca"tion\, n.[See {Spechify}.]
The act of speechifying. [Used humorously or in contempt.]
Speechifier \Speech"i*fi`er\, n.
One who makes a speech or speeches; an orator; a declaimer.
[Used humorously or in contempt.] --G. Eliot.
Speechify \Speech"i*fy\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Speechified}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Speechifying}.] [Speech + -fy.]
To make a speech; to harangue. [Used derisively or
humorously.]
Speechifying \Speech"i*fy`ing\, n.
The act of making a speech or speeches. [Used derisively or
humorously.]
The dinner and speechifying . . . at the opening of the
annual season for the buckhounds. --M. Arnold.
Speeching \Speech"ing\, n.
The act of making a speech. [R.]
Speechless \Speech"less\, a.
1. Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech.
2. Not speaking for a time; dumb; mute; silent.
Speechless with wonder, and half dead with fear.
--Addison.
-- {Speech"less*ly}, adv. -- {Speech"less*ness}, n.
Speechmaker \Speech"mak`er\, n.
One who makes speeches; one accustomed to speak in a public
assembly.
Speed \Speed\, n. [AS. sp?d success, swiftness, from sp?wan to
succeed; akin to D. spoedd, OHG. spuot success, spuot to
succees, Skr. sph[=a] to increase, grow fat. [root]170b.]
1. Prosperity in an undertaking; favorable issue; success.
``For common speed.'' --Chaucer.
O Lord God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send
me good speed this day. --Gen. xxiv.
12.
2. The act or state of moving swiftly; swiftness; velocity;
rapidly; rate of motion; dispatch; as, the speed a horse
or a vessel.
Speed, to describe whose swiftness number fails.
--Milton.
Note: In kinematics, speedis sometimes used to denote the
amount of velocity without regard to direction of
motion, while velocity is not regarded as known unless
both the direction and the amount are known.
3. One who, or that which, causes or promotes speed or
success. [Obs.] ``Hercules be thy speed!'' --Shak.
{God speed}, Good speed; prosperity. See {Godspeed}.
{Speed gauge}, {Speed indicator}, & {Speed recorder} (Mach.),
devices for indicating or recording the rate of a body's
motion, as the number of revolutions of a shaft in a given
time.
{Speed lathe} (Mach.), a power lathe with a rapidly revolving
spindle, for turning small objects, for polishing, etc.; a
hand lathe.
{Speed pulley}, a cone pulley with steps.
Syn: Haste; swiftness; celerity; quickness; dispatch;
expedition; hurry; acceleration. See {Haste}.
Speed \Speed\ (sp[=e]d), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sped} (sp[e^]d),
{Speeded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Speeding}.] [AS. sp[=e]dan, fr.
sp[=e]d, n.; akin to D. spoeden, G. sich sputen. See {Speed},
n.]
1. To go; to fare. [Obs.]
To warn him now he is too farre sped. --Remedy of
Love.
2. To experience in going; to have any condition, good or
ill; to fare. --Shak.
Ships heretofore in seas like fishes sped; The
mightiest still upon the smallest fed. --Waller.
3. To fare well; to have success; to prosper.
Save London, and send true lawyers their meed! For
whoso wants money with them shall not speed!
--Lydgate.
I told ye then he should prevail, and speed On his
bad errand. --Milton.
4. To make haste; to move with celerity.
I have speeded hither with the very extremest inch
of possibility. --Shak.
5. To be expedient. [Obs.] --Wyclif (2 Cor. xii. 1.)
Speed \Speed\, v. t.
1. To cause to be successful, or to prosper; hence, to aid;
to favor. ``Fortune speed us!'' --Shak.
With rising gales that speed their happy flight.
--Dryden.
2. To cause to make haste; to dispatch with celerity; to
drive at full speed; hence, to hasten; to hurry.
He sped him thence home to his habitation.
--Fairfax.
3. To hasten to a conclusion; to expedite.
Judicial acts . . . are sped in open court at the
instance of one or both of the parties. --Ayliffe.
4. To hurry to destruction; to put an end to; to ruin; to
undo. ``Sped with spavins.'' --Shak.
A dire dilemma! either way I 'm sped. If foes, they
write, if friends, they read, me dead. --Pope.
5. To wish success or god fortune to, in any undertaking,
especially in setting out upon a journey.
Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest. --Pope.
{God speed you}, {them}, etc., may God speed you; or, may you
have good speed.
Syn: To dispatch; hasten; expedite; accelerate; hurry.
Speeder \Speed"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, speeds.
2. (Spinning) A machine for drawing and twisting slivers to
form rovings.
Speedful \Speed"ful\, a.
Full of speed (in any sense). [Obs.]
Speedfully \Speed"ful*ly\, adv.
In a speedful manner. [Obs.]
Speedily \Speed"i*ly\, adv.
In a speedy manner.
Speediness \Speed"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being speedy.
Speedless \Speed"less\, a.
Being without speed.
Speedwell \Speed"well\, n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus {Veronica}, mostly low herbs with pale
blue corollas, which quickly fall off.
Speedy \Speed"y\ (-[y^]), a. [Compar. {Speedier}; superl.
{Speediest}.] [AS. sp[=e]dyg.]
Not dilatory or slow; quick; swift; nimble; hasty; rapid in
motion or performance; as, a speedy flight; on speedy foot.
I will wish her speedy strength. --Shak.
Darts, which not the good could shun, The speedy ould
outfly. --Dryden.
Speer \Speer\, n.
A sphere. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Speer \Speer\, v. t.
To ask. [Scot.] See {Spere}.
Speet \Speet\, v. t. [Cf. D. speten. See {Spit} an iron prong.]
To stab. [Obs.] --Gammer Gurton's Needle.
Speight \Speight\, n. [G. specht, probably akin to L. picus: cf.
D. specht. [root]169. See {Pie} a magpie.] (Zo["o]l.)
A woodpecker; -- called also {specht}, {spekt}, {spight}.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Speir \Speir\, v. i.
To ask. See {Spere}. --Sir W. Scott.
Speiskobalt \Speis`ko"balt\, n. [G.]
Smaltite.
Speiss \Speiss\, n. [Cf. G. speise food, mixed metal for bells,
etc.] (Metal.)
A regulus consisting essentially of nickel, obtained as a
residue in fusing cobalt and nickel ores with silica and
sodium carbonate to make smalt.
Spekboom \Spek"boom\, n. [D., lit. fat tree.] (Bot.)
The purslane tree of South Africa, -- said to be the favorite
food of elephants. --Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Speke \Speke\, v. i. & t.
To speak. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Spekehouse \Speke"house`\, n.
The parlor or reception room of a convent. [Obs.]
Spelding \Spel"ding\, n. [Scot. speld to spread out, spelder to
split. spread open; cf. G. spalten split.]
A haddock or other small fish split open and dried in the
sun; -- called also {speldron}. [Scot.]
Spelicans \Spel"i*cans\, n. pl.
See {Spilikin}.
Spelk \Spelk\, n. [AS. spelc, spilc, a little rod by which a
thing is kept straight, a splint for binding up broken bones,
akin to Icel. spelkur, pl., a splint. Cf. {Spell} a
splinter.]
A small stick or rod used as a spike in thatching; a
splinter. [Prov. Eng.] --Grose.
Spell \Spell\, n. [OE. speld, AS. speld a spill to light a
candle with; akin to D. speld a pin, OD. spelle, G. spalten
to split, OHG. spaltan, MHG. spelte a splinter, Icel. spjald
a square tablet, Goth. spilda a writing tablet. Cf.
{Spill}splinter, roll of paper, {Spell} to tell the letters
of.]
A spelk, or splinter. [Obs.] --Holland.
Spell \Spell\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spelled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spelling}.] [AS. spelian to supply another's place.]
To supply the place of for a time; to take the turn of, at
work; to relieve; as, to spell the helmsman.
Spell \Spell\, n.
1. The relief of one person by another in any piece of work
or watching; also, a turn at work which is carried on by
one person or gang relieving another; as, a spell at the
pumps; a spell at the masthead.
A spell at the wheel is called a trick. --Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
2. The time during which one person or gang works until
relieved; hence, any relatively short period of time,
whether a few hours, days, or weeks.
Nothing new has happened in this quarter, except the
setting in of a severe spell of cold weather.
--Washington.
3. One of two or more persons or gangs who work by spells.
[R.]
Their toil is so extreme that they can not endure it
above four hours in a day, but are succeeded by
spells. --Garew.
4. A gratuitous helping forward of another's work; as, a
logging spell. [Local, U.S.]
Spell \Spell\, n.[AS. spell a saying, tale, speech; akin to OS.
& OHG. spel, Icel. spjall,Goth. spill. Cf. {Gospel}, {Spell}
to tell the letters of.]
1. A story; a tale. [Obs.] ``Hearken to my spell.''
--Chaucer.
2. A stanza, verse, or phrase supposed to be endowed with
magical power; an incantation; hence, any charm.
Start not; her actions shall be holy as You hear my
spell is lawful. --Shak.
Spell \Spell\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spelled}or {Spelt}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Spelling}.] [OE. spellen, spellien, tell, relate, AS.
spellian, fr. spell a saying, tale; akin to MHG. spellen to
relate, Goth. spill?n.e {Spell} a tale. In sense 4 and those
following, OE. spellen, perhaps originally a different word,
and from or influenced by spell a splinter, from the use of a
piece of wood to point to the letters in schools: cf. D.
spellen to spell. Cf. {Spell} splinter.]
1. To tell; to relate; to teach. [Obs.]
Might I that legend find, By fairies spelt in mystic
rhymes. --T. Warton.
2. To put under the influence of a spell; to affect by a
spell; to bewitch; to fascinate; to charm. ``Spelled with
words of power.'' --Dryden.
He was much spelled with Eleanor Talbot. --Sir G.
Buck.
3. To constitute; to measure. [Obs.]
The Saxon heptarchy, when seven kings put together
did spell but one in effect. --Fuller.
4. To tell or name in their proper order letters of, as a
word; to write or print in order the letters of, esp. the
proper letters; to form, as words, by correct orthography.
The word ``satire'' ought to be spelled with i, and
not with y. --Dryden.
5. To discover by characters or marks; to read with
difficulty; -- usually with out; as, to spell out the
sense of an author; to spell out a verse in the Bible.
To spell out a God in the works of creation.
--South.
To sit spelling and observing divine justice upon
every accident. --Milton.
Spell \Spell\, v. i.
1. To form words with letters, esp. with the proper letters,
either orally or in writing.
When what small knowledge was, in them did dwell,
And he a god, who could but read or spell. --Dryden.
2. To study by noting characters; to gain knowledge or learn
the meaning of anything, by study. [Obs.]
Where I may sit and rightly spell Of every star that
heaven doth shew, And every herb that sips the dew.
--Milton.
Spellable \Spell"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being spelt. --Carlyle.
Spellbound \Spell"bound`\, a.
Bound by, or as by, a spell.
Speller \Spell"er\, n.
1. One who spells.
2. A spelling book. [U. S.]
Spellful \Spell"ful\, a.
Abounding in spells, or charms.
Here, while his eyes the learned leaves peruse, Each
spellful mystery explained he views. --Hoole.
Spelling \Spell"ing\, n.
The act of one who spells; formation of words by letters;
orthography.
Spelling \Spell"ing\, a.
Of or pertaining to spelling.
{Spelling bee}, a spelling match. [U.S.]
{Spelling book}, a book with exercises for teaching children
to spell; a speller.
{Spelling match}, a contest of skill in spelling words,
between two or more persons.
Spellken \Spell"ken\, n.
A theater. [Slang] --Byron.
Spellwork \Spell"work`\, n.
Power or effect of magic; that which is wrought by magic;
enchantment.
Like those Peri isles of light That hang by spellwork
in the air. --Moore.
Spelt \Spelt\,
imp. & p. p. of {Spell}. Spelled.
Spelt \Spelt\, n. [AS. spelt, fr. L. spelta.] (Bot.)
A species of grain ({Triticum Spelta}) much cultivated for
food in Germany and Switzerland; -- called also {German
wheat}.
Spelt \Spelt\, n. [See {Spalt}.] (Metal.)
Spelter. [Colloq.]
Spelt \Spelt\, v. t. & i. [See {Spell} a splinter.]
To split; to break; to spalt. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Spelter \Spel"ter\, n. [Cf. LG. spialter, G. & D. spiauter. Cf.
{Pewter}.] (Metal.)
Zinc; -- especially so called in commerce and arts.
Spelunc \Spe*lunc"\, n. [L. spelunca cave.]
A cavern; a cave. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Spence \Spence\, n. [OF. despense, F. d['e]pense, buffet,
buttery, fr. OF. despendre to spend, distribute, L.
dispendere, dispensum. See {Dispense}, {Spend}.]
1. A place where provisions are kept; a buttery; a larder; a
pantry.
In . . . his spence, or ``pantry'' were hung the carcasses
of a sheep or ewe, and two cows lately slaughtered. --Sir
W. Scott.
Bluff Harry broke into the spence, And turned the cowls
adrift. --Tennyson.
2. The inner apartment of a country house; also, the place
where the family sit and eat. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
Spencer \Spen"cer\, n. [OF. despensier. See {Spence}, and cf.
{Dispenser}.]
One who has the care of the spence, or buttery. [Obs.]
--Promptorium Parvulorum.
Spencer \Spen"cer\, n. [From the third Earl Spencer, who first
wore it, or brought it into fashion.]
A short jacket worn by men and by women. --Ld. Lutton.
Spencer \Spen"cer\, n. (Naut.)
A fore-and-aft sail, abaft the foremast or the mainmast,
hoisted upon a small supplementary mast and set with a gaff
and no boom; a trysail carried at the foremast or mainmast;
-- named after its inventor, Knight Spencer, of England
[1802].
{Spencer mast}, a small mast just abaft the foremast or
mainmast, for hoisting the spencer. --R. H. Dana, Jr.
Spend \Spend\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spent}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spending}.] [AS. spendan (in comp.), fr. L. expendere or
dispendere to weigh out, to expend, dispense. See {Pendant},
and cf. {Dispend}, {Expend}, {Spence}, {Spencer}.]
1. To weigh or lay out; to dispose of; to part with; as, to
spend money for clothing.
Spend thou that in the town. --Shak.
Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not
bread? --Isa. lv. 2.
2. To bestow; to employ; -- often with on or upon.
I . . . am never loath To spend my judgment.
--Herbert.
3. To consume; to waste; to squander; to exhaust; as, to
spend an estate in gaming or other vices.
4. To pass, as time; to suffer to pass away; as, to spend a
day idly; to spend winter abroad.
We spend our years as a tale that is told. --Ps. xc.
9.
5. To exhaust of force or strength; to waste; to wear away;
as, the violence of the waves was spent.
Their bodies spent with long labor and thirst.
--Knolles.
Spend \Spend\, v. i.
1. To expend money or any other possession; to consume, use,
waste, or part with, anything; as, he who gets easily
spends freely.
He spends as a person who knows that he must come to
a reckoning. --South.
2. To waste or wear away; to be consumed; to lose force or
strength; to vanish; as, energy spends in the using of it.
The sound spendeth and is dissipated in the open
air. --Bacon.
3. To be diffused; to spread.
The vines that they use for wine are so often cut,
that their sap spendeth into the grapes. --Bacon.
4. (Mining) To break ground; to continue working.
Spender \Spen"der\, n.
One who spends; esp., one who spends lavishly; a prodigal; a
spendthrift.
Spending \Spend"ing\, n.
The act of expending; expenditure.
{Spending money}, money set apart for extra (not necessary)
personal expenses; pocket money. [Colloq.]
Spendthrift \Spend"thrift`\, n.
One who spends money profusely or improvidently; a prodigal;
one who lavishes or wastes his estate. Also used
figuratively.
A woman who was a generous spendthrift of life. --Mrs.
R. H. Davis.
Spendthrift \Spend"thrift\, a.
Prodigal; extravagant; wasteful.
Spendthrifty \Spend"thrift`y\, a.
Spendthrift; prodigal. [R.]
Spenserian \Spen*se"ri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the English poet Spenser; -- specifically
applied to the stanza used in his poem ``The Fa["e]rie
Queene.''
Spent \Spent\ (sp[e^]nt), a.
1. Exhausted; worn out; having lost energy or motive force.
Now thou seest me Spent, overpowered, despairing of
success. --Addison.
Heaps of spent arrows fall and strew the ground.
--Dryden.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Exhausted of spawn or sperm; -- said especially
of fishes.
{Spent ball}, a ball shot from a firearm, which reaches an
object without having sufficient force to penetrate it.
Sper \Sper\, Sperre \Sperre\, v. t. [See {Spar} bar.]
To shut in; to support; to inclose; to fasten. [Obs.] ``To
sperre the gate.'' --Spenser.
Sperable \Spe"ra*ble\, a. [L. spearabilis, fr. sperare to hope.]
Within the range of hpe; proper to be hoped for. [Obs.]
--Bacon.
Sperable \Sper"a*ble\, n.
See {Sperable}.
Sperage \Sper"age\, n.
Asperagus. [Obs.] --Sylvester.
Sperate \Spe"rate\, a. [L. speratus, p. p. of sperare to hope.]
Hoped for, or to be hoped for. [R.] --Bouvier.
Spere \Spere\, v. i. [AS. spyrian to inquire, properly, to
follow the track; akin to D. speuren, G. sp["u]ren, Icel.
spyrja. [root]171. See Spoor.]
To search; to pry; to ask; to inquire. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
[Written also {speer}, {speir}.] --Jamieson.
Spere \Spere\, n. [See {Sphere}.]
A sphere. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sperge \Sperge\, n. (Distilling)
A charge of wash for the still. --Knight.
Sperling \Sper"ling\, n. [See {Sparling}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A smelt; a sparling. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) A young herring. [Local, U.S.]
Sperm \Sperm\, n.[F. sperme, L. sperma, Gr. ???, ???, from ????
to sow. Cf. {Spore}.] (Physiol.)
The male fecundating fluid; semen. See {Semen}.
{Sperm cell} (Physiol.), one of the cells from which the
spermatozoids are developed.
{Sperm morula}. (Biol.) Same as {Spermosphere}.
Sperm \Sperm\, n.[Contr. fr. spermaceti.]
Spermaceti.
{Sperm oil}, a fatty oil found as a liquid, with spermaceti,
in the head cavities of the sperm whale.
{Sperm whale}. (Zo["o]l.) See in the Vocabulary.
Spermaceti \Sper`ma*ce"ti\, n. [L. sperma sperm + cetus,gen.
ceti, any large sea animal, a whale, Gr. ???. See {Sperm},
{Cetaceous}.]
A white waxy substance obtained from cavities in the head of
the sperm whale, and used making candles, oilments,
cosmetics, etc. It consists essentially of ethereal salts of
palmitic acid with ethal and other hydrocarbon bases. The
substance of spermaceti after the removal of certain
impurities is sometimes called cetin.
{Spermaceti whale} (Zo["o]l.), the sperm whale.
Spermalist \Sper"mal*ist\, n. (Biol.)
See {Spermist}.
Spermaphore \Sper"ma*phore\, n. [Gr. ???? sperm + ???? to bear.]
(Bot.)
That part of the ovary from which the ovules arise; the
placenta.
Spermary \Sper"ma*ry\, n. (Anat.)
An organ in which spermatozoa are developed; a sperm gland; a
testicle.
Spermatheca \Sper`ma*the"ca\, n.; pl. {Spermathec[ae]}. [NL.,
from Gr. ???? seed + ???? case, or receptacle.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small sac connected with the female reproductive organs of
insects and many other invertebrates, serving to receive and
retain the spermatozoa.
Spermatic \Sper*mat"ic\, a. [L. spermaticus, Gr. ????: cf. F.
spermatique. See {Sperm}.] (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to semen; as, the spermatic fluid, the
spermatic vessels, etc.
{Spermatic cord} (Anat.), the cord which suspends the
testicle within the scrotum. It is made up of a connective
tissue sheath inclosing the spermatic duct and
accompanying vessels and nerves.
Spermatical \Sper"mat"ic*al\, a.
Spermatic.
Spermatin \Sper"ma*tin\, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
A substance allied to alkali albumin and to mucin, present in
semen, to which it is said to impart the mucilaginous
character.
Spermatism \Sper"ma*tism\, n. (Physiol.)
The emission of sperm, or semen.
Spermatium \Sper*ma"ti*um\, n.; pl. {Spermatia}. [NL.] (Bot.)
One of the motionless spermatozoids in the conceptacles of
certain fungi. --J. H. Balfour.
Spermatize \Sper"ma*tize\, v. i. [Gr. ???. See {Sperm}.]
To yield seed; to emit seed, or sperm. [Obs.] --Sir T.
Browne.
Spermato- \Sper"ma*to-\, Spermo- \Sper"mo-\
Combining forms from Gr. spe`rma, -atos, seed, sperm, semen
(of plants or animals); as, spermatoblast, spermoblast.
Spermatoblast \Sper"ma*to*blast\, n.
Same as {Spermoblast}.
Spermatocyte \Sper"ma*to*cyte\, n. [Spermato- + Gr. ???? a
hollow vessel.] (Physiol.)
Same as {Spermoblast}.
Spermatogemma \Sper`ma*to*gem"ma\, n. [NL. See {Spermato-}, and
{Gemma}.] (Physiol.)
Same as {Spermosphere}.
Spermatogenesis \Sper`ma*to*gen"e*sis\, n. [Spermato- +
genesis.] (Biol.)
The development of the spermatozoids.
Spermatogenetic \Sper`ma*to*ge*net"ic\, a. (Physiol.)
Relating to, or connected with, spermatogenesis; as,
spermatogenetic function.
Spermatogenous \Sper`ma*tog"e*nous\, a. [Spermato- + -genous.]
(Physiol.)
Sperm-producing.
Spermatogonium \Sper`ma*to*go"ni*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ????,
???, sperm + ??? offspring.] (Physiol.)
A primitive seminal cell, occuring in masses in the seminal
tubules. It divides into a mass (spermosphere) of small cells
(spermoblast), which in turn give rise to spermatozoids.
Spermatoid \Sper"ma*toid\, a. [Spermato- + -oid.] (Physiol.)
Spermlike; resembling sperm, or semen.
Spermatoon \Sper`ma*to"["o]n\, n.; pl. {Spermatoa}. [NL., fr.
Gr. spe`rma, -atos, seed + ??? an egg.] (Anat.)
A spermoblast. -- {Sper`ma*to"al}, a. --Owen.
Spermatophore \Sper"ma*to*phore\, n. [Spermato- + Gr. ??? to
bear.]
1. (Physiol.) Same as {Spermospore}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A capsule or pocket inclosing a number of
spermatozoa. They are present in many annelids,
brachiopods, mollusks, and crustaceans. In cephalopods the
structure of the capsule is very complex.
Spermatophorous \Sper`ma*toph"o*rous\, a. (Physiol.)
Producing seed, or sperm; seminiferous; as, the so-called
spermatophorous cells.
Spermatorrhea \Sper`ma*tor*rhe"a\, Spermatorrhoea
\Sper`ma*tor*rh[oe]"a\,, n. [NL., fr. Gr. spe`rma, -atos, seed +
??? to flow.] (Med.)
Abnormally frequent involuntary emission of the semen without
copulation.
Spermatospore \Sper"ma*to*spore\, n.
Same as {Spermospore}.
Spermatozoid \Sper`ma*to*zo"id\, n. [Spermatozo["o]n + Gr. ???
form.] (Biol.)
The male germ cell in animals and plants, the essential
element in fertilization; a microscopic animalcule-like
particle, usually provided with one or more cilia by which it
is capable of active motion. In animals, the familiar type is
that of a small, more or less ovoid head, with a delicate
threadlike cilium, or tail. Called also {spermatozo["o]n}. In
plants the more usual term is {antherozoid}.
Spermatozooid \Sper`ma*to*zo"oid\n. (Biol.)
A spermatozoid.
Spermatozoon \Sper`ma*to*zo"["o]n\, n.; pl. {Spermatozoa}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ???, sperm + ??? an animal.] (Biol.)
Same as {Spermatozoid}.
Spermic \Sper"mic\, a.
Of or pertaining to sperm, or semen.
Spermidium \Sper*mid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Spermidia}. [Nl., fr. Gr.
spe`rma seed.] (Bot.)
An achenium.
Spermist \Sperm"ist\, n. (Biol.)
A believer in the doctrine, formerly current, of encasement
in the male (see {Encasement}), in which the seminal thread,
or spermatozoid, was considered as the real animal germ, the
head being the true animal head and the tail the body.
Spermoblast \Sper"mo*blast\, n. [Spermo- + -blast.] (Physiol.)
One of the cells formed by the division of the spermospore,
each of which is destined to become a spermatozoid; a
spermatocyte; a spermatoblast.
Spermococcus \Sper`mo*coc"cus\, n. [NL. See {Spermo-}, and
{Coccus}.] (Physiol.)
The nucleus of the sperm cell.
Spermoderm \Sper"mo*derm\, n. [Spermo- + derm: cf. F.
spermoderme.] (Bot.)
The covering of a seed; -- sometimes limited to the outer
coat or testa. --Lindley.
Spermogonium \Sper`mo*go"ni*um\, n. [NL.; spermo- + Gr. ???
offspring.] (Bot.)
A conceptacle of certain lichens, which contains spermatia.
Spermologist \Sper*mol"o*gist\, n. [Gr. ????? picking up seeds;
spe`rma sperm, seed + ???? to gather.]
One who treats of, or collects, seeds. --Bailey.
Spermophile \Sper"mo*phile\, n. [Gr. spe`rma a seed + fi`los
loving, fond.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any ground squirrel of the genus {Spermophilus}; a gopher.
See Illust. under {Gopher}.
Spermophore \Sper"mo*phore\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A spermatophore.
Spermophyta \Sper*moph"y*ta\, n. pl. [Nl., from Gr. spe`rma a
seed + fyto`n a plant.]
Plants which produce seed; ph[ae]nogamia. These plants
constitute the highest grand division of the vegetable
kingdom.
Spermophyte \Sper"mo*phyte\, n. (Bot.)
Any plant which produces true seeds; -- a term recently
proposed to replace ph[ae]nogam.
Spermophytic \Sper`mo*phyt"ic\, a. (Bot.)
Capable of producing seeds; ph[ae]nogamic.
Spermoplasma \Sper`mo*plas"ma\, n. [NL. See {Spermo-}, and
{Plasma}.] (Physiol.)
The protoplasm of the sperm cell. --Haeckel.
Spermosphere \Sper"mo*sphere\, n. [Spermo- + sphere.] (Physiol.)
A mass or ball of cells formed by the repeated division of a
male germinal cell (spermospore), each constituent cell
(spermoblast) of which is converted into a spermatozoid; a
spermatogemma.
Spermospore \Sper"mo*spore\, n. [Spermo- + spore.] (Physiol.)
The male germinal or seminal cell, from the breaking up of
which the spermoblasts are formed and ultimately the
spermatozoids; a spermatospore. --Balfour.
Spermule \Sper"mule\, n. [Dim. fr. sperm.] (Physiol.)
A sperm cell. --Haeckel.
Sperm whale \Sperm" whale`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A very large toothed whale ({Physeter macrocephalus}), having
a head of enormous size. The upper jaw is destitute of teeth.
In the upper part of the head, above the skull, there is a
large cavity, or case, filled with oil and spermaceti. This
whale sometimes grows to the length of more than eighty feet.
It is found in the warmer parts of all the oceans. Called
also {cachalot}, and {spermaceti whale}.
{Pygmy sperm whale} (Zo["o]l.), a small whale ({Kogia
breviceps}), seldom twenty feet long, native of tropical
seas, but occasionally found on the American coast. Called
also {snub-nosed cachalot}.
{Sperm-whale porpoise} (Zo["o]l.), a toothed cetacean
({Hypero["o]don bidens}), found on both sides of the
Atlantic and valued for its oil. The adult becomes about
twenty-five feet long, and its head is very large and
thick. Called also {bottle-nosed whale}.
Sperrylite \Sper"ry*lite\, n.[Named after F. L. Sperry, who
discovered it.] (Min.)
An arsenide of platinum occuring in grains and minute
isometric crystals of tin-white color. It is found near
Sudbury, Ontario Canada, and is the only known compound of
platinum occuring in nature.
Sperse \Sperse\, v. t.
To disperse. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Spessartite \Spes"sart*ite\, n.[From Spessart, in Germany.]
(Min.)
A manganesian variety of garnet.
Spet \Spet\, v. t. [AS. sp?tan. See {Spit}.]
To spit; to throw out. [Obs.]
Spet \Spet\, n.
Spittle. [Obs.]
Spetches \Spetch"es\, n. pl.
Parings and refuse of hides, skins, etc., from which glue is
made.
Spew \Spew\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spewed}; p. pr.& vb. n.
{Spewing}.] [OE. spewen, speowen, AS. sp[=i]wan;n to D.
spuwen to spit. OS & OHG. sp[=i]wan, G. speien, Icel. sp?ja
to spew, Sw. spy, Dan. spye, Goth. spiewan, th. spjauti, L.
spuere to split, Gr. ???, Skr. shtiv, shth[=i]v. Cf. {Pyke},
{Spit}.] [Written also {spue}.]
1. To eject from the stomach; to vomit.
2. To cast forth with abhorrence or disgust; to eject.
Because thou art lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold,
I will spew thee out of my mouth. --Rev. ii. 16.
Spew \Spew\, v. i.
1. To vomit. --Chaucer.
2. To eject seed, as wet land swollen with frost.
Spew \Spew\, n.
That which is vomited; vomit.
Spewer \Spew"er\, n.
One who spews.
Spewiness \Spew"i*ness\, n.
The state of being spewy.
Spewy \Spew"y\, a.
Wet; soggy; inclined to spew.
Sphacel \Sphac"el\, n. [Gr. ???: cf. F. sphac[`e]le.] (Med.)
Gangrene.
Spacelate \Spac"e*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sphacelated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sphacelating}.] [NL. sphacelare, sphacelatum,
mortify: cf. F. sphac['e]ler. See {Sphacelus}.] (Med.)
To die, decay, or become gangrenous, as flesh or bone; to
mortify.
Sphacelate \Sphac"e*late\, v. t. (Med.)
To affect with gangrene.
Sphacelate \Sphac"e*late\, Sphacelated \Sphac"e*la`ted\, a.
(Med.)
Affected with gangrene; mortified.
Sphacelation \Sphac`e*la"tion\, n. (Med.)
The process of becoming or making gangrenous; mortification.
Sphacelus \Sphac"e*lus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ????.] (Med.)
Gangrenous part; gangrene; slough.
Sphaerenchyma \Sph[ae]*ren"chy*ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? sphere
+ -enchyma as in parenchima.] (Bot.)
Vegetable tissue composed of thin-walled rounded cells, -- a
modification of parenchyma.
Sphaeridium \Sph[ae]*rid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Sph[ae]ridia}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ??? a sphere.] (Zo["o]l.)
A peculiar sense organ found upon the exterior of most kinds
of sea urchins, and consisting of an oval or sherical head
surmounting a short pedicel. It is generally supposed to be
an olfactory organ.
Sphaerospore \Sph[ae]"ro*spore\, n. [Gr. ???? sphere + E.
spore.] (Bot.)
One of the nonsexual spores found in red alg[ae]; a
tetraspore.
Sphaerulite \Sph[ae]r"u*lite\, n. (Min.)
Same as {Spherulite}.
Sphagnicolous \Sphag*nic"o*lous\, a. [Sphagnum + L. colere to
inhabit.] (Bot.)
Growing in moss of the genus {Sphagnum}.
Sphagnous \Sphag"nous\, a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to moss of the genus {Sphagnum}, or bog moss;
abounding in peat or bog moss.
Sphagnum \Sphag"num\, n. [NL., fr/ Gr. ??? a kind of moss.]
(Bot.)
A genus of mosses having white leaves slightly tinged with
red or green and found growing in marshy places; bog moss;
peat moss.
Sphalerite \Sphal"er*ite\, n. [Gr. ??? slippery, uncertain. See
{Blende}.] (Min.)
Zinc sulphide; -- called also {blende}, {black-jack}, {false
galena}, etc. See {Blende}
(a) .
Sphene \Sphene\, n. [F. sph[`e]ne, fr. Gr. sfh`n a wedge.]
(Min.)
A mineral found usually in thin, wedge-shaped crystals of a
yellow or green to black color. It is a silicate of titanium
and calcium; titanite.
Sphenethmoid \Sphe*neth"moid\, a. [Sphenoid + ethmoid.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to both the sphenoidal and the ethmoidal
regions of the skull, or the sphenethmoid bone;
sphenethmoidal.
{Sphenethmoid bone} (Anat.), a bone of the skull which
surrounds the anterior end of the brain in many amphibia;
the girdle bone.
Sphenethmoid \Sphe*neth"moid\, n. (Anat.)
The sphenethmoid bone.
Sphenethmoidal \Sphe`neth*moid"al\, a. (Anat.)
Relating to the sphenoethmoid bone; sphenoethmoid.
Spheniscan \Sphe*nis"can\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of penguin.
Spheno- \Sphe"no-\
A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the sphenoid bone; as in sphenomaxillary,
sphenopalatine.
Sphenodon \Sphe"no*don\, n. [Gr. sfh`n a wedge + ???, ???, a
tooth.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Hatteria}.
Sphenoethmoidal \Sphe"no*eth*moid`al\, a. (Anat.)
Sphenethmoid.
Sphenogram \Sphe"no*gram\, n. [Gr. sfh`n a wedge + -gram.]
A cuneiform, or arrow-headed, character.
Sphenographer \Sphe*nog"ra*pher\, n.
One skilled in sphenography; a sphenographist.
Sphenographic \Sphe`no*graph"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to sphenography.
Sphenographist \Sphe*nog"ra*phist\, n.
A sphenographer.
Sphenography \Sphe*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. sfh`n a wedge +
-graphy.]
The art of writing in cuneiform characters, or of deciphering
inscriptions made in such characters.
Sphenoid \Sphe"noid\, a. [Gr. ???; sfh`n a wedge + e'i^dos form:
cf. F. sph['e]no["i]de.]
1. Wedge-shaped; as, a sphenoid crystal.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone.
{Sphenoid bone} (Anat.), an irregularly shaped bone in front
of the occipital in the base of the skull of the higher
vertebrates. It is composed of several fetal bones which
become united the adult. See {Alisphenoid},
{Basisphenoid}, {Orbitosphenoid}, {Presphenoid}.
Sphenoid \Sphe"noid\, n.
1. (Crystallog.) A wedge-shaped crystal bounded by four equal
isosceles triangles. It is the hemihedral form of a square
pyramid.
2. (Anat.) The sphenoid bone.
Sphenoidal \Sphe*noid"al\, a.
1. Sphenoid.
2. (Crystalloq.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a sphenoid.
Sphenotic \Sphe*not"ic\, a. [Spheno- + ???, ???, the ear.]
(Anat.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, the sphenotic bone.
{Sphenotic bone} (Anat.), a bone on the anterior side of the
auditory capsule of many fishes, and connected with, or
adjoining, the sphenoid bone.
Sphenotic \Sphe*not"ic\, n. (Anat.)
The sphenotic bone.
Spheral \Spher"al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a sphere or the spheres.
2. Rounded like a sphere; sphere-shaped; hence, symmetrical;
complete; perfect.
Sphere \Sphere\, n. [OE. spere, OF. espere, F. sph[`e]re, L.
sphaera,. Gr. ??? a sphere, a ball.]
1. (Geom.) A body or space contained under a single surface,
which in every part is equally distant from a point within
called its center.
2. Hence, any globe or globular body, especially a celestial
one, as the sun, a planet, or the earth.
Of celestial bodies, first the sun, A mighty sphere,
he framed. --Milton.
3. (Astron.)
(a) The apparent surface of the heavens, which is assumed
to be spherical and everywhere equally distant, in
which the heavenly bodies appear to have their places,
and on which the various astronomical circles, as of
right ascension and declination, the equator,
ecliptic, etc., are conceived to be drawn; an ideal
geometrical sphere, with the astronomical and
geographical circles in their proper positions on it.
(b) In ancient astronomy, one of the concentric and
eccentric revolving spherical transparent shells in
which the stars, sun, planets, and moon were supposed
to be set, and by which they were carried, in such a
manner as to produce their apparent motions.
4. (Logic) The extension of a general conception, or the
totality of the individuals or species to which it may be
applied.
5. Circuit or range of action, knowledge, or influence;
compass; province; employment; place of existence.
To be called into a huge sphere, and not to be seen
to move in 't. --Shak.
Taking her out of the ordinary relations with
humanity, and inclosing her in a sphere by herself.
--Hawthorne.
Each in his hidden sphere of joy or woe Our hermit
spirits dwell. --Keble.
6. Rank; order of society; social positions.
7. An orbit, as of a star; a socket. [R.] --Shak.
{Armillary sphere}, {Crystalline sphere}, {Oblique sphere},.
See under {Armillary}, {Crystalline},.
{Doctrine of the sphere}, applications of the principles of
spherical trigonometry to the properties and relations of
the circles of the sphere, and the problems connected with
them, in astronomy and geography, as to the latitudes and
longitudes, distance and bearing, of places on the earth,
and the right ascension and declination, altitude and
azimuth, rising and setting, etc., of the heavenly bodies;
spherical geometry.
{Music of the spheres}. See under {Music}.
Syn: Globe; orb; circle. See {Globe}.
Sphere \Sphere\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sphered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sphering}.]
1. To place in a sphere, or among the spheres; to insphere.
The glorious planet Sol In noble eminence enthroned
and sphered Amidst the other. --Shak.
2. To form into roundness; to make spherical, or spheral; to
perfect. --Tennyson.
Spherical \Spher"ic*al\, Spheric \Spher"ic\, a. [L. sphaericus,
Gr. ???: cf. F. sph['e]rique.]
1. Having the form of a sphere; like a sphere; globular;
orbicular; as, a spherical body.
2. Of or pertaining to a sphere.
3. Of or pertaining to the heavenly orbs, or to the sphere or
spheres in which, according to ancient astronomy and
astrology, they were set.
Knaves, thieves, and treachers by spherical
predominance. --Shak.
Though the stars were suns, and overburned Their
spheric limitations. --Mrs.
Browning.
{Spherical angle}, {Spherical co["o]rdinate}, {Spherical
excess}, etc. See under {Angle}, {Coordinate}, etc.
{Spherical geometry}, that branch of geometry which treats of
spherical magnitudes; the doctrine of the sphere,
especially of the circles described on its surface.
{Spherical harmonic analysis}. See under {Harmonic}, a.
{Spherical lune},portion of the surface of a sphere included
between two great semicircles having a common diameter.
{Spherical opening}, the magnitude of a solid angle. It is
measured by the portion within the solid angle of the
surface of any sphere whose center is the angular point.
{Spherical polygon},portion of the surface of a sphere
bounded by the arcs of three or more great circles.
{Spherical projection}, the projection of the circles of the
sphere upon a plane. See {Projection}.
{Spherical sector}. See under {Sector}.
{Spherical segment}, the segment of a sphere. See under
{Segment}.
{Spherical triangle},re on the surface of a sphere, bounded
by the arcs of three great circles which intersect each
other.
{Spherical trigonometry}. See {Trigonometry}. --
{Spher"ic*al*ly}, adv. -- {Spher"ic*al*ness}, n.
Sphericity \Sphe*ric"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. sph['e]ricit['e].]
The quality or state of being spherial; roundness; as, the
sphericity of the planets, or of a drop of water.
Sphericle \Spher"i*cle\, n.
A small sphere.
Spherics \Spher"ics\, n. (Math.)
The doctrine of the sphere; the science of the properties and
relations of the circles, figures, and other magnitudes of a
sphere, produced by planes intersecting it; spherical
geometry and trigonometry.
Spherobacteria \Sphe`ro*bac*te"ri*a\, n. pl.; sing.
{Spherobacterium}. [NL. See {Sphere}, {and Bacterium}.]
(Biol.)
See the Note under {Microbacteria}.
Spheroconic \Sphe`ro*con"ic\, n. (Geom.)
A nonplane curve formed by the intersection of the surface of
an oblique cone with the surface of a sphere whose center is
at the vertex of the cone.
Spherograph \Spher"o*graph\, n. [Sphere + -graph.]
An instrument for facilitating the practical use of spherics
in navigation and astronomy, being constructed of two
cardboards containing various circles, and turning upon each
other in such a manner that any possible spherical triangle
may be readily found, and the measures of the parts read off
by inspection.
Spheroid \Sphe"roid\, n. [L. spheroides ball-like, spherical,
Gr. ???; ???? sphere + ??? form: cf. F. sph['e]ro["i]de.]
A body or figure approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly
spherical; esp., a solid generated by the revolution of an
ellipse about one of its axes.
{Oblate spheroid}, {Prolate spheroid}. See {Oblate},
{Prolate}, and {Ellipsoid}.
Spheroidal \Sphe*roid"al\, a. [Cf. F. sph['e]ro["i]dal.]
Having the form of a spheroid. -- {Sphe*roid"al*ly}, adv.
{Spheroidal state} (Physics.), the state of a liquid, as
water, when, on being thrown on a surface of highly heated
metal, it rolls about in spheroidal drops or masses, at a
temperature several degrees below ebullition, and without
actual contact with the heated surface, -- a phenomenon
due to the repulsive force of heat, the intervention of a
cushion of nonconducting vapor, and the cooling effect of
evaporation.
Spheroidic \Sphe*roid"ic\, Spheroidical \Sphe*roid"ic*al\, a.
See {Spheroidal}. --Cheyne.
Spheroidicity \Sphe`roi*dic"i*ty\, Spheroidity \Sphe*roid"i*ty\,
n.
The quality or state of being spheroidal.
Spheromere \Sphe"ro*mere\, n. [Sphere + -mere.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of the several symmetrical segments arranged around
the central axis and composing the body of a radiate anmal.
Spherometer \Sphe*rom"e*ter\, n. [Sphere + -meter: cf. F.
sph['e]rom[`e]tre.] (Physics)
An instrument for measuring the curvature of spherical
surface, as of lenses for telescope, etc.
Spherosiderite \Spher`o*sid"er*ite\, n. [Sphere + siderite.]
(Min.)
Siderite occuring in spheroidal masses.
Spherosome \Sphe"ro*some\, n. [Sphere + -some body.] (Zo["o]l.)
The body wall of any radiate animal.
Spherulate \Spher"u*late\, a.
Covered or set with spherules; having one or more rows of
spherules, or minute tubercles.
Spherule \Spher"ule\, n. [L. spherula: cf. F. sph['e]rule.]
A little sphere or spherical body; as, quicksilver, when
poured upon a plane, divides itself into a great number of
minute spherules.
Spherulite \Spher"u*lite\, n. [Cf. F. sph['e]rulite.] (Min.)
A minute spherical crystalline body having a radiated
structure, observed in some vitreous volcanic rocks, as
obsidian and pearlstone.
Spherulitic \Spher`u*lit"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a spherulite; characterized by the
presence of spherulites.
Sphery \Spher"y\, a.
1. Round; spherical; starlike. [R.] ``Hermia's sphery eyne.''
--Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the spheres. [R.]
She can teach ye how to climb Higher than the sphery
chime. --Milton.
Sphex \Sphex\, n.[NL., fr. Gr. ???, ???, a wasp.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of sand wasps of the genus
{Sphex} and allied genera. These wasps have the abdomen
attached to the thorax by a slender pedicel. See Illust. of
{Sand wasp}, under {Sand}.
{Sphex fly} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of small
dipterous flies of the genus {Conops} and allied genera.
The form of the body is similar to that of a sphex.
Sphigmometer \Sphig*mom"e*ter\, n.
See {Sphygmometer}.
Sphincter \Sphinc"ter\, n. [NL., fr. ??? to bind tight.] (Anat.)
A muscle which surrounds, and by its contraction tends to
close, a natural opening; as, the sphincter of the bladder.
Sphincter \Sphinc"ter\, a. (Anat.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sphincter; as, a
sphincter muscle.
Sphingid \Sphin"gid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A sphinx.
Sphingid \Sphin"gid\, a.
Of or pertaining to a sphinx, or the family {Sphingid[ae]}.
Sphinx \Sphinx\, n. [L., from Gr. sfi`gx, usually derived from
sfi`ggein to bind tight or together, as if the Throttler.]
1.
(a) In Egyptian art, an image of granite or porphyry,
having a human head, or the head of a ram or of a
hawk, upon the wingless body of a lion.
The awful ruins of the days of old . . . Or jasper tomb,
or mutilated sphinx. --Shelley.
(b) On Greek art and mythology, a she-monster, usually
represented as having the winged body of a lion, and
the face and breast of a young woman.
Note: The most famous Grecian sphinx, that of Thebes in
B[oe]otia, is said to have proposed a riddle to the
Thebans, and killed those who were unable to guess it.
The enigma was solved by [OE]dipus, whereupon the
sphinx slew herself. ``Subtle as sphinx.'' --Shak.
2. Hence: A person of enigmatical character and purposes,
especially in politics and diplomacy.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of large moths of
the family {Sphingid[ae]}; -- called also {hawk moth}.
Note: The larva is a stout naked caterpillar which, when at
rest, often assumes a position suggesting the Egyptian
sphinx, whence the name.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The Guinea, or sphinx, baboon ({Cynocephalus
sphinx}).
{Sphinx baboon} (Zo["o]l.), a large West African baboon
({Cynocephalus sphinx}), often kept in menageries.
{Sphinx moth}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Sphinx}, 3.
Sphragide \Sphrag"ide\, n.[L. sphragis, -idis, Lemnian earth,
fr. Gr. ???, ???, a seal; -- so called because sold in sealed
packets.] (Min.)
Lemnian earth.
Sphragistics \Sphra*gis"tics\, n. [Gr. ???? of or for sealing,
fr. ??? a seal.]
The science of seals, their history, age, distinctions, etc.,
esp. as verifying the age and genuiness of documents.
Sphrigosis \Sphri*go"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? to be full of
strength.] (Bot.)
A condition of vegetation in which there is too abundant
growth of the stem and leaves, accompanied by deficiency of
flowers and fruit.
Sphygmic \Sphyg"mic\, a. [Gr. ??? the pulse.] (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to the pulse.
Sphygmogram \Sphyg"mo*gram\, n. [Gr. ???? pulse + -gram.]
(Physiol.)
A tracing, called a pulse tracing, consisting of a series of
curves corresponding with the beats of the heart, obtained by
the application of the sphygmograph.
Sphygmograph \Sphyg"mo*graph\, n. [Gr. ??? the pulse + -graph.]
(Physiol.)
An instrument which, when applied over an artery, indicates
graphically the movements or character of the pulse. See
{Sphygmogram}.
Sphygmographic \Sphyg`mo*graph"ic\, a. (Phusiol.)
Relating to, or produced by, a sphygmograph; as, a
sphygmographic tracing.
Sphygmometer \Sphyg*mom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ???? pulse + -meter.]
(Physiol.)
An instrument for measuring the strength of the pulse beat; a
sphygmograph.
Sphygmophone \Sphyg"mo*phone\, n. [Gr. ??? the pulse + ???
sound.] (Physiol.)
An electrical instrument for determining by the ear the
rhythm of the pulse of a person at a distance.
Sphygmoscope \Sphyg"mo*scope\, n. [Gr. ??? the pulse + -scope.]
(Physiol.)
Same as {Sphygmograph}.
Sphyraenoid \Sphy*r[ae]"noid\, a.[L. sphyraena a kind of sea
fish (Gr. sfy`raina) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the {Sphyr[ae]nid[ae]}, a family of
marine fishes including the barracudas.
Spial \Spi"al\, n.
A spy; a scout. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Spica \Spi"ca\, n.; pl. {Spic[ae]}. [L., an ear, as of corn.]
1. (Med.) A kind of bandage passing, by successive turns and
crosses, from an extremity to the trunk; -- so called from
its resemblance to a spike of a barley.
2. (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude situated in the
constellation Virgo.
Spicate \Spi"cate\, Spicated \Spi"ca*ted\, a. [L. spicatus, p.
p. of spicare furnish with spikes, or ears, fr. spica a
spike, or ear.] (Bot.)
Having the form of a spike, or ear; arranged in a spike or
spikes. --Lee.
Spiccato \Spic*ca"to\, a. [It., p. p. of spicare to detach, to
separate.] (Mus.)
Detached; separated; -- a term indicating that every note is
to be performed in a distinct and pointed manner.
Spice \Spice\, n. [OE. spice, spece, spice, species, OF. espice,
espece, F. ['e]pice spice, esp[`e]ce species, fr. L. species
particular sort or kind, a species, a sight, appearance,
show, LL., spices, drugs, etc., of the same sort, fr. L.
specere to look. See {Spy}, and cf. {Species}.]
1. Species; kind. [Obs.]
The spices of penance ben three. --Chaucer.
Abstain you from all evil spice. --Wyclif (1.
Thess,v. 22).
Justice, although it be but one entire virtue, yet
is described in two kinds of spices. The one is
named justice distributive, the other is called
commutative. --Sir T.
Elyot.
2. A vegetable production of many kinds, fragrant or aromatic
and pungent to the taste, as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg,
mace, allspice, ginger, cloves, etc., which are used in
cookery and to flavor sauces, pickles, etc.
Hast thou aught in thy purse [bag] any hot spices?
--Piers
Plowman.
3. Figuratively, that which enriches or alters the quality of
a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of
food; that which gives zest or pungency; a slight
flavoring; a relish; hence, a small quantity or admixture;
a sprinkling; as, a spice of mischief.
So much of the will, with a spice of the willful.
--Coleridge.
Spice \Spice\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spiced}; p. p. & vb. n.
{Spicing}.]
1. To season with spice, or as with spice; to mix aromatic or
pungent substances with; to flavor; to season; as, to
spice wine; to spice one's words with wit.
She 'll receive thee, but will spice thy bread With
flowery poisons. --Chapman.
2. To fill or impregnate with the odor of spices.
In the spiced Indian air, by night. --Shak.
3. To render nice or dainty; hence, to render scrupulous.
[Obs.] ``A spiced conscience.'' --Chaucer.
Spicebush \Spice"bush`\, n. (Bot.)
Spicewood.
Spicenut \Spice"nut`\
A small crisp cake, highly spiced.
Spicer \Spi"cer\, n. [Cf. OF. espicier, F. ['e]picier.]
1. One who seasons with spice.
2. One who deals in spice. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
Spicery \Spi"cer*y\, n. [OF. espicerie, F. ['e]picerie.]
1. Spices, in general. --Chaucer.
2. A repository of spices. --Addison.
Spicewood \Spice"wood`\, n. (Bot.)
An American shrub ({Lindera Benzoin}), the bark of which has
a spicy taste and odor; -- called also {Benjamin}, {wild
allspice}, and {fever bush}.
Spiciferous \Spi*cif"er*ous\, a. [L. spicifer bearing spikes, or
ears; spica ear + ferre to bear.]
Bearing ears, or spikes; spicate. [Obs.] --Bailey.
Spiciform \Spi"ci*form\, a. [L. spica a spike, ear + -form.]
(Bot.)
Spike-shaped. --Gray.
Spicily \Spi"ci*ly\, adv.
In a spicy manner.
Spiciness \Spi"ci*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being spicy.
Spick \Spick\, n. [Cf. Sw. spik. See {Spike} a nail.]
A spike or nail. [Prov. Eng.]
{Spick and span}, quite new; that is, as new as a spike or
nail just made and a chip just split; brand-new; as, a
spick and span novelty. See {Span-new}.
--Howell.
Spicknel \Spick"nel\, n. [Contr. from spike nail a large, long
nail; -- so called in allusion to the shape of its capillary
leaves.] (Bot.)
An umbelliferous herb ({Meum Athamanticum}) having finely
divided leaves, common in Europe; -- called also {baldmoney},
{mew}, and {bearwort}. [Written also {spignel}.]
Spicose \Spi*cose"\, a. [L. spica a spike, or ear.] (Bot.)
Having spikes, or ears, like corn spikes.
Spicosity \Spi*cos"i*ty\, n.
The state of having, or being full of, ears like corn. [R.]
--Bailey.
Spicous \Spi"cous\, a. (Bot.)
See {Spicose}.
Spicula \Spic"u*la\, n.; pl. {Spicul[ae]}. [NL., dim. of L.
spica a spike, ear.] (Bot.)
(a) A little spike; a spikelet.
(b) A pointed fleshy appendage.
Spicular \Spic"u*lar\, a. [L. spiculum a dart: cf. F.
spiculaire.]
Resembling a dart; having sharp points.
Spiculate \Spic"u*late\, a. [L. spiculatus, p. p. of spiculare
to sharpen, to point, fr. spiculum a dart.]
1. Covered with, or having, spicules.
2. (Bot.) Covered with minute spicul[ae], or pointed fleshy
appendages; divided into small spikelets.
Spiculate \Spic"u*late\, v. t.
To sharpen to a point. [R.] ``With spiculated paling.''
--Mason.
Spicule \Spic"ule\, n. [L. spiculum a little point, a dart.]
1. A minute, slender granule, or point.
2. (Bot.) Same as {Spicula}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any small calcareous or siliceous body found in
the tissues of various invertebrate animals, especially in
sponges and in most Alcyonaria.
Note: Spicules vary exceedingly in size and shape, and some
of those found in siliceous sponges are very complex in
structure and elegant in form. They are of great use in
classification.
Description of the Illustration:
a Acerate; b Tricurvate, or Bowshaped; c d
Hamate; e Broomshaped; f Scepterellate; g
Spinispirulate; h Inequi-anchorate; i Sexradiate;
j A Trichite Sheaf; k Six-rayed Capitate; l
Rosette of Esperia; m Equi-anchorate.
Spiculiform \Spi*cu"li*form\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the shape of a spicule.
Spiculigenous \Spic`u*lig"e*nous\, a. [L. spiculum + -genous.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Producing or containing spicules.
Spiculispongiae \Spic`u*li*spon"gi*[ae]\, n. pl. [NL.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A division of sponges including those which have independent
siliceous spicules.
Spiculum \Spic"u*lum\, n.; pl. {Spicula}. [L., a little point.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Spicule}.
Spicy \Spi"cy\, a. [Compar. {Spicier}; superl. {Spiciest}.]
[From {Spice}.]
1. Flavored with, or containing, spice or spices; fragrant;
aromatic; as, spicy breezes. ``The spicy nut-brown ale.''
--Milton.
Led by new stars, and borne by spicy gales. --Pope.
2. Producing, or abounding with, spices.
In hot Ceylon spicy forests grew. --Dryden.
3. Fig.: Piquant; racy; as, a spicy debate.
Syn: Aromatic; fragrant; smart; pungent; pointed; keen. See
{Racy}.
Spider \Spi"der\, n.[OE. spi[thorn]re, fr. AS. spinnan to spin;
-- so named from spinning its web; cf. D. spin a spider, G.
spinne, Sw. spindel. Seee {Spin}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of arachnids
comprising the order Araneina. Spiders have the mandibles
converted into poison fangs, or falcers. The abdomen is
large and not segmented, with two or three pairs of
spinnerets near the end, by means of which they spin
threads of silk to form cocoons, or nests, to protect
their eggs and young. Many species spin also complex webs
to entrap the insects upon which they prey. The eyes are
usually eight in number (rarely six), and are situated on
the back of the cephalothorax. See Illust. under
{Araneina}.
Note: Spiders are divided into two principal groups: the
Dipneumona, having two lungs: and the Tetrapneumona,
having four lungs. See {Mygale}. The former group
includes several tribes; as, the jumping spiders (see
{Saltigrad[ae]}), the wolf spiders, or {Citigrad[ae]}
(see under {Wolf}), the crab spiders, or
{Laterigrad[ae]} (see under {Crab}), the garden, or
geometric, spiders, or {Orbitell[ae]} (see under
{Geometrical}, and {Garden}), and others. See {Bird
spider}, under {Bird}, {Grass spider}, under {Grass},
{House spider}, under {House}, {Silk spider}, under
{Silk}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of various other arachnids resembling
the true spiders, especially certain mites, as the red
spider (see under {Red}).
3. An iron pan with a long handle, used as a kitchen utensil
in frying food. Originally, it had long legs, and was used
over coals on the hearth.
4. A trevet to support pans or pots over a fire.
5. (Mach.) A skeleton, or frame, having radiating arms or
members, often connected by crosspieces; as, a casting
forming the hub and spokes to which the rim of a fly wheel
or large gear is bolted; the body of a piston head; a
frame for strengthening a core or mold for a casting, etc.
{Spider ant}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Solitary ant}, under
{Solitary}.
{Spider crab} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
maioid crabs having a more or less triangular body and ten
long legs. Some of the species grow to great size, as the
great Japanese spider crab ({Macrocheira Kempferi}),
measuring sometimes more than fifteen feet across the legs
when they are extended.
{Spider fly} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
parasitic dipterous insects of the family
{Hippoboscid[ae]}. They are mostly destitute of wings, and
live among the feathers of birds and the hair of bats.
Called also {bird tick}, and {bat tick}.
{Spider hunter} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
East Indian sunbirds of the genus {Arachnothera}.
{Spider lines}, filaments of a spider's web crossing the
field of vision in optical instruments; -- used for
determining the exact position of objects and making
delicate measurements. Fine wires, silk fibers, or lines
on glass similarly placed, are called spider lines.
{Spider mite}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of parasitic mites of the
genus {Argas} and allied genera. See {Argas}.
(b) Any one of numerous small mites injurious to plants.
{Spider monkey} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
South American monkeys of the genus {Ateles}, having very
long legs and a long prehensile tail.
{Spider orchis} (Bot.), a European orchidaceous plant
({Ophrys aranifera}), having flowers which resemble
spiders.
{Spider shell} (Zo["o]l.), any shell of the genus
{Pteroceras}. See {Pteroceras}.
Spidered \Spi"dered\, a.
Infested by spiders; cobwebbed. --Wolcott.
Spiderlike \Spi"der*like`\, a.
Like a spider. --Shak.
Spider web \Spi"der web"\, or Spider's web \Spi"der's web"\ .
(Zo["o]l.)
The silken web which is formed by most kinds of spiders,
particularly the web spun to entrap their prey. See
{Geometric spider}, {Triangle spider}, under {Geometric}, and
{Triangle}.
Spiderwort \Spi"der*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
An American endogenous plant ({Tradescantia Virginica}), with
long linear leaves and ephemeral blue flowers. The name is
sometimes extended to other species of the same genus.
Spied \Spied\,
imp. & p. p. of {Spy}.
Spiegeleisen \Spie"gel*ei`sen\, n. [G. spiegel mirror + eisen
iron.]
See {Spiegel iron}.
Spiegel iron \Spie"gel i`ron\ [G. spiegel mirror + E. iron.]
(Metal.)
A fusible white cast iron containing a large amount of carbon
(from three and a half to six per cent) and some manganese.
When the manganese reaches twenty-five per cent and upwards
it has a granular structure, and constitutes the alloy ferro
manganese, largely used in the manufacture of Bessemer steel.
Called also {specular pig iron}, {spiegel}, and
{spiegeleisen}.
Spight \Spight\, n. & v.
Spite. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Spight \Spight\, n.
A woodpecker. See {Speight}. [Obs.]
Spignel \Spig"nel\, n. (Bot.)
Same as {Spickenel}.
Spignet \Spig"net\, n. [Corrupted fr. spikenard.] (Bot.)
An aromatic plant of America. See {Spikenard}.
Spigot \Spig"ot\, n. [From spick,or spike; cf. Ir. & Gael.
spiocaid a spigot, Ir. spice a spike. See {Spike}.]
A pin or peg used to stop the vent in a cask; also, the plug
of a faucet or cock.
{Spigot and faucet joint}, a joint for uniting pipes, formed
by the insertion of the end of one pipe, or pipe fitting,
into a socket at the end of another.
Spigurnel \Spi*gur"nel\, n. (Eng. Law)
Formerly the title of the sealer of writs in chancery.
--Mozley & W.
Spike \Spike\, n. [Akin to LG. spiker, spieker, a large nail, D.
spijker, Sw. spik, Dan. spiger, Icel. sp[=i]k; all perhaps
from L. spica a point, an ear of grain; but in the sense of
nail more likely akin to E. spoke of a wheel. Cf. {Spine}.]
1. A sort of very large nail; also, a piece of pointed iron
set with points upward or outward.
2. Anything resembling such a nail in shape.
He wears on his head the corona radiata . . .; the
spikes that shoot out represent the rays of the sun.
--Addison.
3. An ear of corn or grain.
4. (Bot.) A kind of flower cluster in which sessile flowers
are arranged on an unbranched elongated axis.
{Spike grass} (Bot.), either of two tall perennial American
grasses ({Uniola paniculata}, and {U. latifolia}) having
broad leaves and large flattened spikelets.
{Spike rush}. (Bot.) See under {Rush}.
{Spike shell} (Zo["o]l.), any pteropod of the genus
{Styliola} having a slender conical shell.
{Spike team}, three horses, or a horse and a yoke of oxen,
harnessed together, a horse leading the oxen or the span.
[U.S.]
Spike \Spike\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spiked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spiking}.]
1. To fasten with spikes, or long, large nails; as, to spike
down planks.
2. To set or furnish with spikes.
3. To fix on a spike. [R.] --Young.
4. To stop the vent of (a gun or cannon) by driving a spike
nail, or the like into it.
Spike \Spike\, n. [Cf. G. spieke, L. spica an ear of grain. See
{Spikenard}.] (Bot.)
Spike lavender. See {Lavender}.
{Oil of spike} (Chem.), a colorless or yellowish aromatic oil
extracted from the European broad-leaved lavender, or
aspic ({Lavendula Spica}), used in artist's varnish and in
veterinary medicine. It is often adulterated with oil of
turpentine, which it much resembles.
Spikebill \Spike"bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The hooded merganser.
(b) The marbled godwit ({Limosa fedoa}).
Spiked \Spiked\, a.
Furnished or set with spikes, as corn; fastened with spikes;
stopped with spikes.
A youth, leaping over the spiked pales, . . . was
caught by those spikes. --Wiseman.
Spikefish \Spike"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Sailfish}
(a)
Spikelet \Spike"let\, n. (Bot.)
A small or secondary spike; especially, one of the ultimate
parts of the in florescence of grasses. See Illust. of
{Quaking grass}.
Spikenard \Spike"nard\, n.[For spiked nard; cf. G. spieknarde,
NL. spica nardi. See {Spike} an ear, and {Nard}.]
1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant. In the United States it is the
{Aralia racemosa}, often called {spignet}, and used as a
medicine. The spikenard of the ancients is the
{Nardostachys Jatamansi}, a native of the Himalayan
region. From its blackish roots a perfume for the hair is
still prepared in India.
2. A fragrant essential oil, as that from the {Nardostachys
Jatamansi}.
Spiketail \Spike"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The pintail duck. [Local, U.S.]
Spiky \Spik"y\, a.
1. Like a spike; spikelike.
These spiky, vivid outbursts of metallic vapors.
--C. A. Young.
2. Having a sharp point, or sharp points; furnished or armed
with spikes.
Or by the spiky harrow cleared away. --Dyer.
The spiky wheels through heaps of carnage tore.
--Pope.
Spile \Spile\, n. [Cf. LG. spile, dial. G. speil, speiler, D.
spijl. [root]170.]
1. A small plug or wooden pin, used to stop a vent, as in a
cask.
2. A small tube or spout inserted in a tree for conducting
sap, as from a sugar maple.
3. A large stake driven into the ground as a support for some
superstructure; a pile.
{Spile hole}, a small air hole in a cask; a vent.
Spile \Spile\, v. t.
To supply with a spile or a spigot; to make a small vent in,
as a cask.
Spilikin \Spil"i*kin\, n. [OD. spelleken a small pin. See
{Spill} a splinter.]
One of a number of small pieces or pegs of wood, ivory, bone,
or other material, for playing a game, or for counting the
score in a game, as in cribbage. In the plural ({spilikins}),
a game played with such pieces; pushpin. [Written also
{spillikin}, {spilliken}.]
Spill \Spill\, n. [[root]170. Cf. {Spell} a splinter.]
1. A bit of wood split off; a splinter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. A slender piece of anything. Specifically:
(a) A peg or pin for plugging a hole, as in a cask; a
spile.
(b) A metallic rod or pin.
(c) A small roll of paper, or slip of wood, used as a
lamplighter, etc.
(d) (Mining) One of the thick laths or poles driven
horizontally ahead of the main timbering in advancing
a level in loose ground.
3. A little sum of money. [Obs.] --Ayliffe.
Spill \Spill\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spilt}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spilling}.]
To cover or decorate with slender pieces of wood, metal,
ivory, etc.; to inlay. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Spill \Spill\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spilled}, or {Spilt}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Spilling}.] [OE. spillen,sually, to destroy, AS.
spillan, spildan, to destroy; akin to Icel. spilla to
destroy, Sw. spilla to spill, Dan. spilde,G. & D. spillen to
squander, OHG. spildan.]
1. To destroy; to kill; to put an end to. [Obs.]
And gave him to the queen, all at her will To choose
whether she would him save or spill. --Chaucer.
Greater glory think [it] to save than spill.
--Spenser.
2. To mar; to injure; to deface; hence, to destroy by misuse;
to waste. [Obs.]
They [the colors] disfigure the stuff and spill the
whole workmanship. --Puttenham.
Spill not the morning, the quintessence of day, in
recreations. --Fuller.
3. To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to lose, or
suffer to be scattered; -- applied to fluids and to
substances whose particles are small and loose; as, to
spill water from a pail; to spill quicksilver from a
vessel; to spill powder from a paper; to spill sand or
flour.
Note: Spill differs from pour in expressing accidental loss,
-- a loss or waste contrary to purpose.
4. To cause to flow out and be lost or wasted; to shed, or
suffer to be shed, as in battle or in manslaughter; as, a
man spills another's blood, or his own blood.
And to revenge his blood so justly spilt. --Dryden.
5. (Naut.) To relieve a sail from the pressure of the wind,
so that it can be more easily reefed or furled, or to
lessen the strain.
{Spilling line} (Naut.), a rope used for spilling, or
dislodging, the wind from the belly of a sail. --Totten.
Spill \Spill\, v. i.
1. To be destroyed, ruined, or wasted; to come to ruin; to
perish; to waste. [Obs.]
That thou wilt suffer innocents to spill. --Chaucer.
2. To be shed; to run over; to fall out, and be lost or
wasted. ``He was so topful of himself, that he let it
spill on all the company.'' --I. Watts.
Spiller \Spill"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, spills.
2. A kind of fishing line with many hooks; a boulter.
Spillet fishing \Spil"let fish`ing\, Spilliard fishing
\Spil"liard fish`ing\,
A system or method of fishing by means of a number of hooks
set on snoods all on one line; -- in North America, called
{trawl fishing}, {bultow}, or {bultow fishing}, and
{long-line fishing}.
Spillikin \Spil"li*kin\, n.
See {Spilikin}.
Spillway \Spill"way`\, n.
A sluiceway or passage for superfluous water in a reservoir,
to prevent too great pressure on the dam.
Spilt \Spilt\,
imp. & p. p. of {Spill}. Spilled.
Spilter \Spil"ter\, n. [From {Spill}, n.]
Any one of the small branches on a stag's head. [Obs.]
--Howell.
Spilth \Spilth\, n. [From {Spill}.]
Anything spilt, or freely poured out; slop; effusion.
[Archaic] ``With drunken spilth of wine.'' --Shak.
Choicest cates, and the flagon's best spilth. --R.
Browning.
Spin \Spin\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spun}(Archaic imp. {Span}); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Spinning}.] [AS. spinnan; akin to D. & G.
spinnen, Icel. & Sw. spinna, Dan. spinde, Goth. spinnan, and
probably to E. span. [root]170. Cf. {Span}, v. t., {Spider}.]
1. To draw out, and twist into threads, either by the hand or
machinery; as, to spin wool, cotton, or flax; to spin
goat's hair; to produce by drawing out and twisting a
fibrous material.
All the yarn she [Penelope] spun in Ulysses' absence
did but fill Ithaca full of moths. --Shak.
2. To draw out tediously; to form by a slow process, or by
degrees; to extend to a great length; -- with out; as, to
spin out large volumes on a subject.
Do you mean that story is tediously spun out?
--Sheridan.
3. To protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day
in idleness.
By one delay after another they spin out their whole
lives. --L'Estrange.
4. To cause to turn round rapidly; to whirl; to twirl; as, to
spin a top.
5. To form (a web, a cocoon, silk, or the like) from threads
produced by the extrusion of a viscid, transparent liquid,
which hardens on coming into contact with the air; -- said
of the spider, the silkworm, etc.
6. (Mech.) To shape, as malleable sheet metal, into a hollow
form, by bending or buckling it by pressing against it
with a smooth hand tool or roller while the metal
revolves, as in a lathe.
{To spin a yarn} (Naut.), to tell a story, esp. a long or
fabulous tale.
{To spin hay} (Mil.), to twist it into ropes for convenient
carriage on an expedition.
{To spin street yarn}, to gad about gossiping. [Collog.]
Spin \Spin\, v. i.
1. To practice spinning; to work at drawing and twisting
threads; to make yarn or thread from fiber; as, the woman
knows how to spin; a machine or jenny spins with great
exactness.
They neither know to spin, nor care to toll.
--Prior.
2. To move round rapidly; to whirl; to revolve, as a top or a
spindle, about its axis.
Round about him spun the landscape, Sky and forest
reeled together. --Longfellow.
With a whirligig of jubilant mosquitoes spinning
about each head. --G. W. Cable.
3. To stream or issue in a thread or a small current or jet;
as, blood spinsfrom a vein. --Shak.
4. To move swifty; as, to spin along the road in a carriage,
on a bicycle, etc. [Colloq.]
Spin \Spin\, n.
1. The act of spinning; as, the spin of a top; a spin a
bicycle. [Colloq.]
2. (Kinematics) Velocity of rotation about some specified
axis.
Spina bifida \Spi"na bif"i*da\ (Med.) [L., cleft spine.]
A congenital malformation in which the spinal column is cleft
at its lower portion, and the membranes of the spinal cord
project as an elastic swelling from the gap thus formed.
Spinaceous \Spi*na"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant spinach, or the
family of plants to which it belongs.
Spinach \Spin"ach\, Spinage \Spin"age\, n. [OF. espinache,
espinoche, F. ['e]pinard; cf. F. spinace, Sp. espinaca; all
fr. Ar. isf[=a]n[=a]j, isfin[=a]j, aspan[=a]kh, probably of
Persian origin.] (Bot.)
A common pot herb ({Spinacia oleracea}) belonging to the
Goosefoot family.
{Mountain spinach}. See {Garden orache}, under {Orache}.
{New Zealand spinach} (Bot.), a coarse herb ({Tetragonia
expansa}), a poor substitute for spinach.
Note: Various other pot herbs are locally called spinach.
Spinal \Spi"nal\, a. [L. spinalis, fr. spina the spine: cf. F.
spinal. See {Spine}.]
1. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the
backbone, or vertebral column; rachidian; vertebral.
2. Of or pertaining to a spine or spines.
{Spinal accessory nerves}, the eleventh pair of cranial
nerves in the higher vertebrates. They originate from the
spinal cord and pass forward into the skull, from which
they emerge in company with the pneumogastrics.
{Spinal column}, the backbone, or connected series or
vertebr[ae] which forms the axis of the vertebrate
skeleton; the spine; rachis; vertebral column.
{Spinal cord}, the great nervous cord extending backward from
the brain along the dorsal side of the spinal column of a
vertebrate animal, and usually terminating in a threadlike
appendage called the filum terminale; the spinal, or
vertebral, marrow; the myelon. The nervous tissue consists
of nerve fibers and nerve cells, the latter being confined
to the so-called gray matter of the central portions of
the cord, while the peripheral white matter is composed of
nerve fibers only. The center of the cord is traversed by
a slender canal connecting with the ventricles of the
brain.
Spinate \Spi"nate\, a.
Bearing a spine; spiniform.
Spindle \Spin"dle\, n. [AS. spinal, fr. spinnan to spin; akin to
D. spil, G. spille, spindel, OHG. spinnala. [root]170. See
{Spin}.]
1. The long, round, slender rod or pin in spinning wheels by
which the thread is twisted, and on which, when twisted,
it is wound; also, the pin on which the bobbin is held in
a spinning machine, or in the shuttle of a loom.
2. A slender rod or pin on which anything turns; an axis; as,
the spindle of a vane. Specifically:
(a) (Mach.) The shaft, mandrel, or arbor, in a machine
tool, as a lathe or drilling machine, etc., which
causes the work to revolve, or carries a tool or
center, etc.
(b) (Mach.) The vertical rod on which the runner of a
grinding mill turns.
(c) (Founding) A shaft or pipe on which a core of sand is
formed.
3. The fusee of a watch.
4. A long and slender stalk resembling a spindle.
5. A yarn measure containing, in cotton yarn, 15,120 yards;
in linen yarn, 14,400 yards.
6. (Geom.) A solid generated by the revolution of a curved
line about its base or double ordinate or chord.
7. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any marine univalve shell of the genus {Rostellaria};
-- called also {spindle stromb}.
(b) Any marine gastropod of the genus {Fusus}.
{Dead spindle} (Mach.), a spindle in a machine tool that does
not revolve; the spindle of the tailstock of a lathe.
{Live spindle} (Mach.), the revolving spindle of a machine
tool; the spindle of the headstock of a turning lathe.
{Spindle shell}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Spindle}, 7. above.
{Spindle side}, the female side in descent; in the female
line; opposed to {spear side}. --Ld. Lytton. [R.] ``King
Lycaon, grandson, by the spindle side, of Oceanus.''
--Lowell.
{Spindle tree} (Bot.), any shrub or tree of the genus
{Eunymus}. The wood of {E. Europ[ae]us} was used for
spindles and skewers. See {Prickwood}.
Spindle \Spin"dle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Spindled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Spindling}.]
To shoot or grow into a long, slender stalk or body; to
become disproportionately tall and slender.
It has begun to spindle into overintellectuality.
--Lowell.
Spindle-legged \Spin"dle-legged`\, a.
Having long, slender legs.
Spindlelegs \Spin"dle*legs`\, n.
A spindleshanks.
Spindle-shanked \Spin"dle-shanked`\, a.
Having long, slender legs. --Addison.
Spindleshanks \Spin"dle*shanks`\, n.
A person with slender shanks, or legs; -- used humorously or
in contempt.
Spindle-shaped \Spin"dle-shaped`\, a.
1. Having the shape of a spindle.
2. (Bot.) Thickest in the middle, and tapering to both ends;
fusiform; -- applied chiefly to roots.
Spindletail \Spin"dle*tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The pintail duck. [Local, U.S.]
Spindleworm \Spin"dle*worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The larva of a noctuid mmoth ({Achatodes ze[ae]}) which feeds
inside the stalks of corn (maize), sometimes causing much
damage. It is smooth, with a black head and tail and a row of
black dots across each segment.
Spindling \Spin"dling\, a.
Long and slender, or disproportionately tall and slender; as,
a spindling tree; a spindling boy.
Spine \Spine\, n. [L. spina thorn, the spine; akin to spica a
point: cf. OF. espine, F. ['e]pine. Cf. {Spike}, {Spinet} a
musical instrument, {Spinny}.]
1. (Bot.) A sharp appendage to any of a plant; a thorn.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A rigid and sharp projection upon any part of an
animal.
(b) One of the rigid and undivided fin rays of a fish.
3. (Anat.) The backbone, or spinal column, of an animal; --
so called from the projecting processes upon the
vertebr[ae].
4. Anything resembling the spine or backbone; a ridge.
Spineback \Spine"back`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A fish having spines in, or in front of, the dorsal fins.
Spinebill \Spine"bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of Australian birds of the genus
{Acanthorhynchus}. They are related to the honey eaters.
Spined \Spined\, a.
Furnished with spines; spiny.
Spine-finned \Spine"-finned`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having fine supported by spinous fin rays; -- said of certain
fishes.
Spinel \Spi*nel"\, Spinelle \Spi*nelle"\, n. [F. spinelle, or
LL. spinellus, perhaps from L. spina a thorn, a prickle, in
allusion to its pointed crystals.] (Min.)
A mineral occuring in octahedrons of great hardness and
various colors, as red, green, blue, brown, and black, the
red variety being the gem spinel ruby. It consist essentially
of alumina and magnesia, but commonly contains iron and
sometimes also chromium.
Note: The spinel group includes spinel proper, also
magnetite, chromite, franklinite, gahnite, etc., all of
which may be regarded as composed of a sesquioxide and
a protoxide in equal proportions.
Spinel \Spin"el\, n.
Bleached yarn in making the linen tape called inkle;
unwrought inkle. --Knight.
Spineless \Spine"less\, a.
Having no spine.
Spinescent \Spi*nes"cent\, a.[L. spinescens, -entis, p. pr. of
spinescere to know to grow thorny, fr. spina a thorn: cf. F.
spinescent.] (Bot.)
Becoming hard and thorny; tapering gradually to a rigid,
leafless point; armed with spines. --Gray.
Spinet \Spin"et\, n. [OF. espinete, F. ['e]pinette (cf. It.
spinetta), fr. L. spina a thorn; -- so called because its
quills resemble thorns. See {Spine}.] (Mus.)
A keyed instrument of music resembling a harpsichord, but
smaller, with one string of brass or steel wire to each note,
sounded by means of leather or quill plectrums or jacks. It
was formerly much used.
{Dumb spinet}. (Mus.) See {Manichordon}.
Spinet \Spi"net\, n. [L. spinetum. See {Spinny}.]
A spinny. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Spinetail \Spine"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one or several species of swifts of the genus
{Acanthylis}, or {Ch[ae]tura}, and allied genera, in
which the shafts of the tail feathers terminate in rigid
spines.
(b) Any one of several species of South American and Central
American clamatorial birds belonging to {Synallaxis} and
allied genera of the family {Dendrocolaptid[ae]}. They
are allied to the ovenbirds.
(c) The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]
Spine-tailed \Spine"-tailed\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the tail quills ending in sharp, naked tips.
{Spine-tailed swift}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Spinetail}
(a) .
Spineted \Spin"et*ed\, a.
Slit; cleft. [Obs. & R.]
Spiniferous \Spi*nif"er*ous\, a. [L. spinifer; spina thorn +
ferre to produce.]
Producing spines; bearing thorns or spines; thorny; spiny.
Spiniform \Spin"i*form\, a.
Shaped like a spine.
Spinigerous \Spi*nig"er*ous\, a. [L. spiniger; spina spine +
gerere to bear.]
Bearing a spine or spines; thorn-bearing.
Spininess \Spin"i*ness\, n.
Quality of being spiny.
Spinii-spirulate \Spin`ii-spir"u*late\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having spines arranged spirally. See {Spicule}.
Spink \Spink\, n. [Cf. dial. Sw. spink a kind of small bird, Gr.
????, and E. finch.] (Zo["o]l.)
The chaffinch.
Spinnaker \Spin"na*ker\, n. (Naut.)
A large triangular sail set upon a boom, -- used when running
before the wind.
Spinner \Spin"ner\, n.
1. One who, or that which, spins one skilled in spinning; a
spinning machine.
2. A spider. ``Long-legged spinners.'' --Shak.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A goatsucker; -- so called from the peculiar
noise it makes when darting through the air.
4. (Zo["o]l.) A spinneret.
{Ring spinner}, a machine for spinning, in which the twist,
given to the yarn by a revolving bobbin, is regulated by
the drag of a small metal loop which slides around a ring
encircling the bobbin, instead of by a throstle.
Spinneret \Spin"ner*et\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the special jointed organs situated on the under side,
and near the end, of the abdomen of spiders, by means of
which they spin their webs. Most spiders have three pairs of
spinnerets, but some have only two pairs. The ordinary silk
line of the spider is composed of numerous smaller lines
jointed after issuing from the spinnerets.
Spinnerule \Spin"ner*ule\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the numerous small spinning tubes on the spinnerets of
spiders.
Spinney \Spin"ney\, n.; pl. {Spinneys}.
Same as {Spinny}. --T. Hughes.
Spinning \Spin"ning\,
a. & n. from {Spin}.
{Spinning gland} (Zo["o]l.), one of the glands which form the
material for spinning the silk of silkworms and other
larv[ae].
{Spinning house}, formerly a common name for a house of
correction in England, the women confined therein being
employed in spinning.
{Spinning jenny} (Mach.), an engine or machine for spinning
wool or cotton, by means of a large number of spindles
revolving simultaneously.
{Spinning mite} (Zo["o]l.), the red spider.
{Spinning wheel}, a machine for spinning yarn or thread, in
which a wheel drives a single spindle, and is itself
driven by the hand, or by the foot acting on a treadle.
Spinny \Spin"ny\, n.; pl. {Spinnies}. [OF. espinaye,espinoye,
espinei, espanoi, F. ['e]pinaie, from L. spinetum a thicket
of thorns, fr. spina a thorn. See {Spine}.]
A small thicket or grove with undergrowth; a clump of trees.
[Written also {spinney}, and {spinny}.]
The downs rise steep, crowned with black fir spinnies.
--C. Kingsley.
Spinny \Spin"ny\, a. [Cf. {Spiny}, a.]
Thin and long; slim; slender. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Spinose \Spi*nose"\, a.[L. spinosus, from spina a thorn.]
Full of spines; armed with thorns; thorny.
Spinosity \Spi*nos"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being spiny or thorny; spininess.
Spinous \Spi"nous\, a.
1. Spinose; thorny.
2. Having the form of a spine or thorn; spinelike.
{Spinous process of a vertebra} (Anat.), the dorsal process
of the neural arch of a vertebra; a neurapophysis.
Spinozism \Spi*no"zism\, n.
The form of Pantheism taught by Benedict Spinoza, that there
is but one substance, or infinite essence, in the universe,
of which the so-called material and spiritual beings and
phenomena are only modes, and that one this one substance is
God. [Written also {Spinosism}.]
Spinozist \Spi*no"zist\, n.
A believer in Spinozism.
Spinster \Spin"ster\, n. [Spin + -ster.]
1. A woman who spins, or whose occupation is to spin.
She spake to spinster to spin it out. --Piers
Plowman.
The spinsters and the knitters in the sun. --Shak.
2. A man who spins. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. (Law) An unmarried or single woman; -- used in legal
proceedings as a title, or addition to the surname.
If a gentlewoman be termed a spinster, she may abate
the writ. --Coke.
4. A woman of evil life and character; -- so called from
being forced to spin in a house of correction. [Obs.]
Spinstress \Spin"stress\, n.
A woman who spins. --T. Brown.
Spinstry \Spin"stry\, n.
The business of one who spins; spinning. [Obs.] --Milton.
Spinule \Spin"ule\, n. [L. spinula, dim. of spina a spine: cf.
F. spinule.]
A minute spine. --Dana.
Spinulescent \Spin`u*les"cent\, a. (Bot.)
Having small spines; somewhat thorny.
Spinulose \Spin"u*lose`\, Spinulous \Spin"u*lous\, a. [Cf. F.
spinuleux.]
Covered with small spines.
Spiny \Spin"y\, a. [From {Spine}.]
1. Full of spines; thorny; as, a spiny tree.
2. Like a spine in shape; slender. ``Spiny grasshoppers sit
chirping.'' --Chapman.
3. Fig.: Abounding with difficulties or annoyances.
The spiny deserts of scholastic philosophy. --Bp.
Warburton.
{Spiny lobster}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Rock lobster}, under
{Rock}. See also {Lobster}.
Spiny \Spin"y\, n.
See {Spinny}.
Spiodea \Spi*o"de*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Spio the typical genus.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An extensive division of marine Annelida, including those
that are without oral tentacles or cirri, and have the gills,
when present, mostly arranged along the sides of the body.
They generally live in burrows or tubes.
Spirable \Spi"ra*ble\, a. [L. spirabilis.]
Capable of being breathed; respirable. [Obs.] --Nash.
Spiracle \Spir"a*cle\, n.[L. spiraculum, fr. spirare to breathe:
cf. F. spiracule. See {Spirit}.]
1. (Anat.) The nostril, or one of the nostrils, of whales,
porpoises, and allied animals.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the external openings communicating with the
air tubes or trache[ae] of insects, myriapods, and
arachnids. They are variable in number, and are
usually situated on the sides of the thorax and
abdomen, a pair to a segment. These openings are
usually elliptical, and capable of being closed. See
Illust. under {Coleoptera}.
(a) A tubular orifice communicating with the gill cavity
of certain ganoid and all elasmobranch fishes. It is
the modified first gill cleft.
3. Any small aperture or vent for air or other fluid.
Spiracular \Spi*rac"u*lar\, a.
Of or pertaining to a spiracle.
Spiraea \Spi*r[ae]"a\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ???, fr. ??? a coil.]
(Bot.)
A genus of shrubs or perennial herbs including the
meadowsweet and the hardhack.
Spiraeic \Spi*r[ae]"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the meadowsweet
({Spir[ae]a}); formerly, designating an acid which is now
called salicylic acid.
Spiral \Spi"ral\, a. [Cf. F. spiral. See {Spire} a winding
line.]
1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually
receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring.
2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis, and at the
same time rising or advancing forward; winding like the
thread of a screw; helical.
3. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a spiral; like a spiral.
{Spiral gear}, or {Spiral wheel} (Mach.), a gear resembling
in general a spur gear, but having its teeth cut at an
angle with its axis, or so that they form small portions
of screws or spirals.
{Spiral gearing}, a kind of gearing sometimes used in light
machinery, in which spiral gears, instead of bevel gears,
are used to transmit motion between shafts that are not
parallel.
{Spiral operculum}, an operculum whih has spiral lines of
growth.
{Spiral shell}, any shell in which the whorls form a spiral
or helix.
{Spiral spring}. See the Note under {Spring}, n., 4.
Spiral \Spi"ral\, n. [Cf. F. spirale. See {Spiral}, a.]
1. (Geom.) A plane curve, not re["e]ntrant, described by a
point, called the generatrix, moving along a straight line
according to a mathematical law, while the line is
revolving about a fixed point called the pole. Cf.
{Helix}.
2. Anything which has a spiral form, as a spiral shell.
{Equiangular spiral},a plane curve which cuts all its
generatrices at the same angle. Same as {Logarithmic
spiral}, under {Logarithmic}.
{Spiral of Archimedes}, a spiral the law of which is that the
generatrix moves uniformly along the revolving line, which
also moves uniformly.
Spirality \Spi*ral"i*ty\, n.
The quality or states of being spiral.
Spirally \Spi"ral*ly\, adv.
In a spiral form, manner, or direction.
Spiralozooid \Spi*ra`lo*zo"oid\, n. [Spiral + zooid. So called
because they often have a spiral form when contracted.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the special defensive zooids of certain hydroids. They
have the form of long, slender tentacles, and bear lasso
cells.
Spirant \Spi"rant\, n. [L. spirans, -antis, p. pr. of spirare to
breathe. See {Spirit}.] (Phon.)
A term used differently by different authorities; -- by some
as equivalent to fricative, -- that is, as including all the
continuous consonants, except the nasals m, n, ng; with the
further exception, by others, of the liquids r, l, and the
semivowels w, y; by others limited to f, v, th surd and
sonant, and the sound of German ch, -- thus excluding the
sibilants, as well as the nasals, liquids, and semivowels.
See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 197-208.
Spiranthy \Spi*ran"thy\, n. [Gr. ??? a coil + ??? flower.]
(Bot.)
The occasional twisted growth of the parts of a flower.
Spiration \Spi*ra"tion\, n. [L. spiratio, fr. spirare to
breathe.]
The act of breathing. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Spire \Spire\, v. i. [L. spirare to breathe. See {Spirit}.]
To breathe. [Obs.] --Shenstone.
Spire \Spire\, n. [OE. spire, spir, a blade of grass, a young
shoot, AS. sp[=i]r; akin to G. spier a blade of grass, Dan.
spire a sprout, sprig, Sw. spira a spar, Icel. sp[=i]ra.]
1. A slender stalk or blade in vegetation; as, a spire grass
or of wheat.
An oak cometh up a little spire. --Chaucer.
2. A tapering body that shoots up or out to a point in a
conical or pyramidal form. Specifically (Arch.), the roof
of a tower when of a pyramidal form and high in proportion
to its width; also, the pyramidal or aspiring termination
of a tower which can not be said to have a roof, such as
that of Strasburg cathedral; the tapering part of a
steeple, or the steeple itself. ``With glistering spires
and pinnacles adorned.'' --Milton.
A spire of land that stand apart, Cleft from the
main. --Tennyson.
Tall spire from which the sound of cheerful bells
Just undulates upon the listening ear. --Cowper.
3. (Mining) A tube or fuse for communicating fire to the
chargen in blasting.
4. The top, or uppermost point, of anything; the summit.
The spire and top of praises. --Shak.
Spire \Spire\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Spired}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spiring}.]
To shoot forth, or up in, or as if in, a spire. --Emerson.
It is not so apt to spire up as the other sorts, being
more inclined to branch into arms. --Mortimer.
Spire \Spire\, n. [L. spira coil, twist; akin to Gr. ???: cf. F.
spire.]
1. A spiral; a curl; a whorl; a twist. --Dryden.
2. (Geom.) The part of a spiral generated in one revolution
of the straight line about the pole. See {Spiral}, n.
{Spire bearer}. (Paleon.) Same as {Spirifer}.
Spired \Spired\, a.
Having a spire; being in the form of a spire; as, a spired
steeple. --Mason.
Spiricle \Spi"ri*cle\, n. [Dim., fr. L. spira a coil.] (Bot.)
One of certain minute coiled threads in the coating of some
seeds. When moistened these threads protrude in great
numbers. --Gray.
Spirifer \Spi"ri*fer\, n. [NL., fr. L. spira a coil + ferreto
bear.] (Paleon.)
Any one of numerous species of fossil brachipods of the genus
{Spirifer}, or {Delthyris}, and allied genera, in which the
long calcareous supports of the arms form a large spiral, or
helix, on each side.
Spirillum \Spi*ril"lum\, n. [NL., dim. of L. spira a coil.]
(Biol.)
A genus of common motile micro["o]rganisms ({Spirobacteria})
having the form of spiral-shaped filaments. One species is
said to be the cause of relapsing fever.
Spiring \Spir"ing\, a.
Shooting up in a spire or spires. ``The spiring grass.''
--Dryton.
Spirit \Spir"it\, n. [OF. espirit, esperit, F. esprit, L.
spiritus, from spirare to breathe, to blow. Cf. {Conspire},
{Expire}, {Esprit}, {Sprite}.]
1. Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes,
life itself. [Obs.] ``All of spirit would deprive.''
--Spenser.
The mild air, with season moderate, Gently
attempered, and disposed eo well, That still it
breathed foorth sweet spirit. --Spenser.
2. A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a
mark to denote aspiration; a breathing. [Obs.]
Be it a letter or spirit, we have great use for it.
--B. Jonson.
3. Life, or living substance, considered independently of
corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart
from any physical organization or embodiment; vital
essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter.
4. The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the
soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides;
the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions,
whether spiritual or material.
There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the
Almighty giveth them understanding. --Job xxxii.
8.
As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith
without works is dead also. --James ii.
26.
Spirit is a substance wherein thinking, knowing,
doubting, and a power of moving, do subsist.
--Locke.
5. Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it
has left the body.
Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was,
and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.
--Eccl. xii.
7.
Ye gentle spirits far away, With whom we shared the
cup of grace. --Keble.
6. Any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a
specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an
elf.
Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all
impressions of spirits and goblins in the dark.
--Locke.
7. Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc.
``Write it then, quickly,'' replied Bede; and
summoning all his spirits together, like the last
blaze of a candle going out, he indited it, and
expired. --Fuller.
8. One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great
activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper;
as, a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit.
Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I
choose for my judges. --Dryden.
9. Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or
disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the
plural; as, to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be
downhearted, or in bad spirits.
God has . . . made a spirit of building succeed a
spirit of pulling down. --South.
A perfect judge will read each work of wit With the
same spirit that its author writ. --Pope.
10. Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to
formal statement; also, characteristic quality,
especially such as is derived from the individual genius
or the personal character; as, the spirit of an
enterprise, of a document, or the like.
11. Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed
of active qualities.
All bodies have spirits . . . within them. --Bacon.
12. Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol,
the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first
distilled from wine): -- often in the plural.
13. pl. Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors
having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt
liquors.
14. (Med.) A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf.
{Tincture}. --U. S. Disp.
15. (Alchemy) Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal
ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some,
orpiment).
The four spirits and the bodies seven. --Chaucer.
16. (Dyeing) Stannic chloride. See under {Stannic}.
Note: Spirit is sometimes joined with other words, forming
compounds, generally of obvious signification; as,
spirit-moving, spirit-searching, spirit-stirring, etc.
{Astral spirits}, {Familiar spirits}, etc. See under
{Astral}, {Familiar}, etc.
{Animal spirits}.
(a) (Physiol.) The fluid which at one time was supposed
to circulate through the nerves and was regarded as
the agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the
{nervous fluid}, or {nervous principle}.
(b) Physical health and energy; frolicsomeness;
sportiveness.
{Ardent spirits}, strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum,
whisky, etc., obtained by distillation.
{Holy Spirit}, or {The Spirit} (Theol.), the Spirit of God,
or the third person of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. The
spirit also signifies the human spirit as influenced or
animated by the Divine Spirit.
{Proof spirit}. (Chem.) See under {Proof}.
{Rectified spirit} (Chem.), spirit rendered purer or more
concentrated by redistillation, so as to increase the
percentage of absolute alcohol.
{Spirit butterfly} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
delicate butterflies of tropical America belonging to the
genus {Ithomia}. The wings are gauzy and nearly destitute
of scales.
{Spirit duck}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The buffle-headed duck.
(b) The golden-eye.
{Spirit lamp} (Art), a lamp in which alcohol or methylated
spirit is burned.
{Spirit level}. See under {Level}.
{Spirit of hartshorn}. (Old Chem.) See under {Hartshorn}.
{Spirit of Mindererus} (Med.), an aqueous solution of acetate
of ammonium; -- named after R. Minderer, physician of
Augsburg.
{Spirit of nitrous ether} (Med. Chem.), a pale yellow liquid,
of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor. It is
obtained by the distillation of alcohol with nitric and
sulphuric acids, and consists essentially of ethyl nitrite
with a little acetic aldehyde. It is used as a
diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc. Called also
{sweet spirit of niter}.
{Spirit of salt} (Chem.), hydrochloric acid; -- so called
because obtained from salt and sulphuric acid. [Obs.]
{Spirit of sense}, the utmost refinement of sensation. [Obs.]
--Shak.
{Spirits}, or {Spirit}, {of turpentine} (Chem.), rectified
oil of turpentine, a transparent, colorless, volatile, and
very inflammable liquid, distilled from the turpentine of
the various species of pine; camphine. See {Camphine}.
{Spirit of vitriol} (Chem.), sulphuric acid; -- so called
because formerly obtained by the distillation of green
vitriol. [Obs.]
{Spirit of vitriolic ether} (Chem.) ether; -- often but
incorrectly called {sulphuric ether}. See {Ether}. [Obs.]
{Spirits}, or {Spirit}, {of wine} (Chem.), alcohol; -- so
called because formerly obtained by the distillation of
wine.
{Spirit rapper}, one who practices spirit rapping; a
``medium'' so called.
{Spirit rapping}, an alleged form of communication with the
spirits of the dead by raps. See {Spiritualism}, 3.
{Sweet spirit of niter}. See {Spirit of nitrous ether},
above.
Syn: Life; ardor; energy; fire; courage; animatioon;
cheerfulness; vivacity; enterprise.
Spirit \Spir"it\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spirited}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Spiriting}.]
1. To animate with vigor; to excite; to encourage; to
inspirit; as, civil dissensions often spirit the ambition
of private men; -- sometimes followed by up.
Many officers and private men spirit up and assist
those obstinate people to continue in their
rebellion. --Swift.
2. To convey rapidly and secretly, or mysteriously, as if by
the agency of a spirit; to kidnap; -- often with away, or
off.
The ministry had him spirited away, and carried
abroad as a dangerous person. --Arbuthnot &
Pope.
I felt as if I had been spirited into some castle of
antiquity. --Willis.
{Spiriting away} (Law), causing to leave; the offense of
inducing a witness to leave a jurisdiction so as to evade
process requiring attendance at trial.
Spiritally \Spir"it*al*ly\, adv.[L. spiritalis belonging to
breathing.]
By means of the breath. [Obs.] --Holder.
Spirited \Spir"it*ed\, a.
1. Animated or possessed by a spirit. [Obs.] ``So talked the
spirited, sly snake.'' --Milton.
2. Animated; full of life or vigor; lively; full of spirit or
fire; as, a spirited oration; a spirited answer.
Note: Spirited is much used in composition; as in
high-spirited, low-spirited, mean-spirited, etc.
Syn: Lively; vivacious; animated; ardent; active; bold;
courageous. -- {Spir"it*ed*ly}, adv. --
{Spir"it*ed*ness}, n.
Spiritful \Spir"it*ful\, a.
Full of spirit; spirited. [R.]
The spiritful and orderly life of our own grown men.
--Milton.
-- {Spir"it*ful*ly}, adv. -- {Spir"it*ful*ness}, n.
Spiritism \Spir"it*ism\, n.
Spiritualsm.
Spiritist \Spir"it*ist\, n.
A spiritualist.
Spiritless \Spir"it*less\, a.
1. Destitute of spirit; wanting animation; wanting
cheerfulness; dejected; depressed.
2. Destitute of vigor; wanting life, courage, or fire.
A men so faint, so spiritless, So dull, so dead in
lock, so woebegone. --Shak.
3. Having no breath; extinct; dead. ``The spiritless body.''
--Greenhill. -- {Spir"it*less*ly}, adv. --
{Spir"it*less*ness}, n.
Spiritoso \Spi`ri*to"so\, a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.)
Spirited; spiritedly; -- a direction to perform a passage in
an animated, lively manner.
Spiritous \Spir"it*ous\, a. [Cf. {Spirituous}.]
1. Like spirit; refined; defecated; pure. [R.]
More refined, more spirituous and pure. --Milton.
2. Ardent; active. [R.]
Spiritousness \Spir"it*ous*ness\, n.
Quality of being spiritous. [R.]
Spiritual \Spir"it*u*al\, a. [L. spiritualis: cf. F. spirituel.
See {Spirit}.]
1. Consisting of spirit; not material; incorporeal; as, a
spiritual substance or being.
It is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual
body. --1 Cor. xv.
44.
2. Of or pertaining to the intellectual and higher endowments
of the mind; mental; intellectual.
3. Of or pertaining to the moral feelings or states of the
soul, as distinguished from the external actions; reaching
and affecting the spirits.
God's law is spiritual; it is a transcript of the
divine nature, and extends its authority to the acts
of the soul of man. --Sir T.
Browne.
4. Of or pertaining to the soul or its affections as
influenced by the Spirit; controlled and inspired by the
divine Spirit; proceeding from the Holy Spirit; pure;
holy; divine; heavenly-minded; -- opposed to {carnal}.
That I may impart unto you some spiritual gift.
--Rom. i. ll.
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus
Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual
blessings. --Eph. i. 3.
If a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are
spiritual, restore such an one. --Gal. vi. 1.
5. Not lay or temporal; relating to sacred things;
ecclesiastical; as, the spiritual functions of the clergy;
lords spiritual and temporal; a spiritual corporation.
{Spiritual coadjuctor}. (Eccl.) See the Note under {Jesuit}.
{Spiritual court} (Eccl. Law), an ecclesiastical court, or a
court having jurisdiction in ecclesiastical affairs; a
court held by a bishop or other ecclesiastic.
Spiritual \Spir"it*u*al\, n.
A spiritual function, office, or affair. See {Spirituality},
2.
He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to
the emperor in temporals. --Lowell.
Spiritualism \Spir"it*u*al*ism\, n.
1. The quality or state of being spiritual.
2. (Physiol.) The doctrine, in opposition to the
materialists, that all which exists is spirit, or soul --
that what is called the external world is either a
succession of notions impressed on the mind by the Deity,
as maintained by Berkeley, or else the mere educt of the
mind itself, as taught by Fichte.
3. A belief that departed spirits hold intercourse with
mortals by means of physical phenomena, as by rappng, or
during abnormal mental states, as in trances, or the like,
commonly manifested through a person of special
susceptibility, called a medium; spiritism; the doctrines
and practices of spiritualists.
What is called spiritualism should, I think, be
called a mental species of materialism. --R. H.
Hutton.
Spiritualist \Spir"it*u*al*ist\, n.
1. One who professes a regard for spiritual things only; one
whose employment is of a spiritual character; an
ecclesiastic.
2. One who maintains the doctrine of spiritualism.
3. One who believes in direct intercourse with departed
spirits, through the agency of persons commonly called
mediums, by means of physical phenomena; one who attempts
to maintain such intercourse; a spiritist.
Spiritualist \Spir"it*u*al*ist\, a.
Spiritualistic. --Taylor.
Spiritualistic \Spir`it*u*al*is"tic\, a.
Relating to, or connected with, spiritualism.
Spirituality \Spir`it*u*al"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Spiritualities}. [L.
spiritualitas: cf. F. spiritualit['e].]
1. The quality or state of being spiritual; incorporeality;
heavenly-mindedness.
A pleasure made for the soul, suitable to its
spirituality. --South.
If this light be not spiritual, yet it approacheth
nearest to spirituality. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Much of our spirituality and comfort in public
worship depends on the state of mind in which we
come. --Bickersteth.
2. (Eccl.) That which belongs to the church, or to a person
as an ecclesiastic, or to religion, as distinct from
temporalities.
During the vacancy of a see, the archbishop is
guardian of the spiritualities thereof.
--Blackstone.
3. An ecclesiastical body; the whole body of the clergy, as
distinct from, or opposed to, the temporality. [Obs.]
Five entire subsidies were granted to the king by
the spirituality. --Fuller.
Spiritualization \Spir`it*u*al*i*za"tion\, n.
The act of spiritualizing, or the state of being
spiritualized.
Spiritualize \Spir"it*u*al*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Spiritualized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Spiritualizing}.] [Cf. F.
spiritualiser.]
1. To refine intellectiually or morally; to purify from the
corrupting influence of the world; to give a spiritual
character or tendency to; as, to spiritualize soul.
This seen in the clear air, and the whole
spiritualized by endless recollections, fills the
eye and the heart more forcibly than I can find
words to say. --Carlyle.
2. To give a spiritual meaning to; to take in a spiritual
sense; -- opposed to {literalize}.
3. (Old Chem.) To extract spirit from; also, to convert into,
or impregnate with, spirit.
Spiritualizer \Spir"it*u*al*i`zer\, n.
One who spiritualizes.
Spiritually \Spir"it*u*al*ly\, adv.
In a spiritual manner; with purity of spirit; like a spirit.
Spiritual-minded \Spir"it*u*al-mind`ed\, a.
Having the mind set on spiritual things, or filled with holy
desires and affections. -- {Spir"it*u*al-mind`ed*ness}, n.
Spiritualness \Spir"it*u*al*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being spiritual or spiritual-minded;
spirituality.
Spiritualty \Spir"it*u*al*ty\, n. [See {Spirituality}.] (Eccl.)
An ecclesiastical body; a spirituality. --Shak.
Spiritielle \Spi`ri`ti`elle"\, a. [F.]
Of the nature, or having the appearance, of a spirit; pure;
refined; ethereal.
Spirituosity \Spir`it*u*os"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being spirituous; spirituousness.
[R.]
Spirituous \Spir"it*u*ous\, a. [Cf. (for sense 2) F. spiritueux.
Cf. {Spiritous}.]
1. Having the quality of spirit; tenuous in substance, and
having active powers or properties; ethereal; immaterial;
spiritual; pure.
2. Containing, or of the nature of, alcoholic (esp.
distilled) spirit; consisting of refined spirit;
alcoholic; ardent; as, spirituous liquors.
3. Lively; gay; vivid; airy. [Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
The mind of man is of that spirituous, stirring
nature, that it is perpetually at work. --South.
Spirituousness \Spir"it*u*ous*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being spirituous. [R.] --Boyle.
Spirketing \Spirk"et*ing\, n. (Naut.)
The planking from the waterways up to the port sills.
--Totten.
Spirling \Spirl"ing\, n.
Sparling. [Prov. Eng.]
Spirobacteria \Spi`ro*bac*te"ri*a\, n. pl.; sing.
{Spirobacterium}. [NL. See 4th {Spire}, and {Bacterium}.]
(Biol.)
See the Note under {Microbacteria}.
Spirochaeta \Spi`ro*ch[ae]"ta\, Spirochaete \Spi`ro*ch[ae]"te\,
n. [L. spira a coil + Gr. ??? hair.] (Biol.)
A genus of Spirobacteria similar to Spirillum, but
distinguished by its motility. One species, the
{Spiroch[ae]te Obermeyeri}, is supposed to be the cause of
relapsing fever.
Spirograph \Spi"ro*graph\, n. [L. spirare to breathe + -graph.]
(Physiol.)
An instrument for recording the respiratory movements, as the
sphygmograph does those of the pulse.
Spirometer \Spi*rom"e*ter\, n. [L. spirare to breathe + -meter.]
An instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs,
or the volume of air which can be expelled from the chest
after the deepest possible inspiration. Cf. {Pneumatometer}.
Spirometry \Spi*rom"e*try\, n.
The act or process of measuring the chest capacity by means
of a spirometer.
Spiroscope \Spi"ro*scope\, n. [L. spirare to breathe + -scope.]
(Physiol.)
A wet meter used to determine the breathing capacity of the
lungs.
Spiroylic \Spi*royl"ic\, Spiroylous \Spi*royl"ous\, a. [NL.
Spir? meadowsweet (a source of salicylal) + -yl + -ic, -ous.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a substance now called
salicylal. [Obs.]
Spirt \Spirt\, v. & n.
Same as {Spurt}.
Spirtle \Spir"tle\, v. t.
To spirt in a scattering manner.
Spirula \Spir"u*la\, n. [NL., dim. of L. spira a coil.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of cephalopods having a multilocular, internal,
siphunculated shell in the form of a flat spiral, the coils
of which are not in contact.
Spirulate \Spir"u*late\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the color spots, or structural parts, arranged
spirally.
Spiry \Spir"y\, a. [From {Spire} a winding line.]
Of a spiral form; wreathed; curled; serpentine.
Hid in the spiry volumes of the snake. --Dryden.
Spiry \Spir"y\, a. [FR. {Spire} a steeple.]
Of or pertaining to a spire; like a spire, tall, slender, and
tapering; abounding in spires; as, spiry turrets. ``Spiry
towns.'' --Thomson.
Spiss \Spiss\, a. [L. spissus.]
Thick; crowded; compact; dense. [Obs.]
This spiss and . . . copious, yet concise, treatise.
--Brerewood.
Spissated \Spis"sa*ted\, a.
Rendered dense or compact, as by evaporation; inspissated;
thickened. [R.]
The spissated juice of the poppy. --Bp.
Warburton.
Spissitude \Spis"si*tude\, n. [L. spissitudo.]
The quality or state of being spissated; as, the spissitude
of coagulated blood, or of any coagulum. --Arbuthnot.
Spit \Spit\, n. [OE. spite, AS. spitu; akin to D. spit, G.
spiess, OHG. spiz, Dan. spid. Sw. spett, and to G. spitz
pointed. [root]170.]
1. A long, slender, pointed rod, usually of iron, for holding
meat while roasting.
2. A small point of land running into the sea, or a long,
narrow shoal extending from the shore into the sea; as, a
spit of sand. --Cook.
3. The depth to which a spade goes in digging; a spade; a
spadeful. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Spit \Spit\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spitted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spitting}.] [From {Spit}, n.; cf. {Speet}.]
1. To thrust a spit through; to fix upon a spit; hence, to
thrust through or impale; as, to spit a loin of veal.
``Infants spitted upon pikes.'' --Shak.
2. To spade; to dig. [Prov. Eng.]
Spit \Spit\, v. i.
To attend to a spit; to use a spit. [Obs.]
She's spitting in the kitchen. --Old Play.
Spit \Spit\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spit} ({Spat}, archaic); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Spitting}.] [AS. spittan; akin to G.
sp["u]tzen, Dan. spytte, Sw. spotta,Icel. sp?ta, and prob. E.
spew. The past tense spat is due to AS. sp?tte, from sp?tan
to spit. Cf. {Spat}, n., {Spew}, {Spawl}, {Spot}, n.]
1. To eject from the mouth; to throw out, as saliva or other
matter, from the mouth. ``Thus spit I out my venom.''
--Chaucer.
2. To eject; to throw out; to belch.
Note: Spitted was sometimes used as the preterit and the past
participle. ``He . . . shall be mocked, and spitefully
entreated, and spitted on.'' --Luke xviii. 32.
Spit \Spit\, n.
The secretion formed by the glands of the mouth; spitle;
saliva; sputum.
Spit \Spit\, v. i.
1. To throw out saliva from the mouth.
2. To rain or snow slightly, or with sprinkles.
It had been spitting with rain. --Dickens.
{To spit on} or {upon}, to insult grossly; to treat with
contempt. ``Spitting upon all antiquity.'' --South.
Spital \Spit"al\, n. [Abbreviated from hospital.] [Written also
{spittle}.]
A hospital. [Obs.] --Shak.
Spitalhouse \Spit"al*house`\, n.
A hospital. [Obs.]
Spitball \Spit"ball`\, n.
Paper chewed, and rolled into a ball, to be thrown as a
missile.
Spitbox \Spit"box`\, n.
A vessel to receive spittle.
Spitchcock \Spitch"cock`\, v. t. [1st spit + cock.] (Cookery)
To split (as an eel) lengthwise, and broil it, or fry it in
hot fat.
Spitchcock \Spitch"cock`\, n. (Cookery)
An eel split and broiled.
Spitchcocked \Spitch"cocked`\, a. (Cookery)
Broiled or fried after being split lengthwise; -- said of
eels.
Spit curl \Spit" curl`\
A little lock of hair, plastered in a spiral form on the
temple or forehead with spittle, or other adhesive substance.
[Colloq.]
Spite \Spite\, n. [Abbreviated fr. despite.]
1. Ill-will or hatred toward another, accompanied with the
disposition to irritate, annoy, or thwart; petty malice;
grudge; rancor; despite. --Pope.
This is the deadly spite that angers. --Shak.
2. Vexation; chargrin; mortification. [R.] --Shak.
{In spite of}, or {Spite of}, in opposition to all efforts
of; in defiance or contempt of; notwithstanding.
``Continuing, spite of pain, to use a knee after it had
been slightly ibnjured.'' --H. Spenser. ``And saved me in
spite of the world, the devil, and myself.'' --South. ``In
spite of all applications, the patient grew worse every
day.'' --Arbuthnot. See Syn. under {Notwithstanding}.
{To owe one a spite}, to entertain a mean hatred for him.
Syn: Pique, rancor; malevolence; grudge.
Usage: {Spite}, {Malice}. Malice has more reference to the
disposition, and spite to the manifestation of it in
words and actions. It is, therefore, meaner than
malice, thought not always more criminal. `` Malice .
. . is more frequently employed to express the
dispositions of inferior minds to execute every
purpose of mischief within the more limited circle of
their abilities.'' --Cogan. ``Consider eke, that spite
availeth naught.'' --Wyatt. See {Pique}.
Spite \Spite\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spited}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spiting}.]
1. To be angry at; to hate. [Obs.]
The Danes, then . . . pagans, spited places of
religion. --Fuller.
2. To treat maliciously; to try to injure or thwart.
3. To fill with spite; to offend; to vex. [R.]
Darius, spited at the Magi, endeavored to abolish
not only their learning, but their language. --Sir.
W. Temple.
Spiteful \Spite"ful\, a.
Filled with, or showing, spite; having a desire to vex,
annoy, or injure; malignant; malicious; as, a spiteful person
or act. --Shak. -- {Spite"ful*ly}, adv. {Spite"ful*ness}, n.
Spitfire \Spit"fire`\, n.
A violent, irascible, or passionate person. [Colloq.]
--Grose.
Spitful \Spit"ful\, n.; pl. {Spitfuls}.
A spadeful. [Prov. Eng.]
Spitous \Spit"ous\, a.
Having spite; spiteful. [Obs.]
Spitously \Spit"ous*ly\, adv.
Spitefully. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Spitscocked \Spits"cocked`\, a.
Spitchcocked.
Spitted \Spit"ted\, a. [From {Spit}.]
1. Put upon a spit; pierced as if by a spit.
2. Shot out long; -- said of antlers. --Bacon.
Spitted \Spit"ted\,
p. p. of {Spit}, v. i., to eject, to spit. [Obs.]
Spitter \Spit"ter\, n. [See {Spit} to eject from the mouth.]
One who ejects saliva from the mouth.
Spitter \Spit"ter\, n. [See {Spit} an iron prong.]
1. One who puts meat on a spit.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A young deer whose antlers begin to shoot or
become sharp; a brocket, or pricket.
Spittle \Spit"tle\, n.
See {Spital}. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Spittle \Spit"tle\, v. t. [See {Spit} to spade.]
To dig or stir with a small spade. [Prov. Eng.]
Spittle \Spit"tle\, n.
A small sort of spade. [Prov. Eng.]
Spittle \Spit"tle\, n. [From {Spit} to eject from the mouth: cf.
{Spattle}, and AS. sp[=a]tl.]
The thick, moist matter which is secreted by the salivary
glands; saliva; spit.
{Spittle insect}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Cuckoo spit}
(b), under {Cuckoo}.
Spittly \Spit"tly\, a.
Like spittle; slimy. [Obs.]
Spittoon \Spit*toon"\, n.
A spitbox; a cuspidor.
Spit-venom \Spit"-ven"om\, n.
Poison spittle; poison ejected from the mouth. [R.] --Hooker.
Spitz dog \Spitz" dog"\ [G. spitz, spitzhund.] (Zo["o]l.)
A breed of dogs having erect ears and long silky hair,
usually white; -- called also {Pomeranian dog}, and
{louploup}.
Spitzenburgh \Spitz"en*burgh\, n.
A kind of red and yellow apple, of medium size and spicy
flavor. It originated at Newtown, on Long Island.
Splanchnapophysis \Splanch`napoph"y*sis\, n.; pl.
{Splanchnapophyses}. [NL. See {Splanchnic}, and {Apophysis}.]
(Anat.)
Any element of the skeleton in relation with the alimentary
canal, as the jaws and hyoidean apparatus. --
{Splanch`nap`o*phys"i*al}, a. -- Mivart.
Splanchnic \Splanch"nic\, a. [Gr. ??? an entrail.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the viscera; visceral.
Splanchnography \Splanch*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ????? an entrail +
-graphy.]
Splanchnology.
Splanchnology \Splanch*nol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ???? an entrail +
-logy.]
That part of anatomy which treats of the viscera; also, a
treatise on the viscera.
Splanchnopleure \Splanch"no*pleure\, n. [Gr. ???? an entrail +
???? side.] (Anat.)
The inner, or visceral, one of the two lamell[ae] into which
the vertebrate blastoderm divides on either side of the
notochord, and from which the walls of the enteric canal and
the umbilical vesicle are developed. See {Somatopleure}. --
{Splanch`no*pleu"ric}, a.
Splanchno-skeleton \Splanch`no-skel"e*ton\, n. [Gr. ???? an
entrail + E. skeleton.] (Anat.)
That part of the skeleton connected with the sense organs and
the viscera. --Owen.
Splanchnotomy \Splanch*not"o*my\, n. [Gr. ????? an entrail +
???? to cut.]
The dissection, or anatomy, of the viscera.
Splandrel \Splan"drel\, n.
See {Spandrel}. [R.]
Splash \Splash\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Splashed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Splashing}.] [Akin to plash.]
1. To strike and dash about, as water, mud, etc.; to plash.
2. To spatter water, mud, etc., upon; to wet.
Splash \Splash\, v. i.
To strike and dash about water, mud, etc.; to dash in such a
way as to spatter.
Splash \Splash\, n.
1. Water, or water and dirt, thrown upon anything, or thrown
from a puddle or the like; also, a spot or daub, as of
matter which wets or disfigures.
2. A noise made by striking upon or in a liquid.
Splashboard \Splash"board`\, n.
A guard in the front part of vehicle, to prevent splashing by
a mud or water from the horse's heels; -- in the United
States commonly called dashboard.
Splasher \Splash"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, splashes.
2. One of the guarde over the wheels, as of a carriage,
locomotive, etc. --Weale.
3. A guard to keep off splashes from anything.
Splashy \Splash"y\, a.
Full of dirty water; wet and muddy, so as be easily splashed
about; slushy.
Splatter \Splat"ter\, v. i. & t.
To spatter; to splash.
Splatterdash \Splat"ter*dash`\, n .
Uproar. --Jamieson.
Splay \Splay\, v. t. [Abbrev. of display.]
1. To display; to spread. [Obs.] ``Our ensigns splayed.''
--Gascoigne.
2. To dislocate, as a shoulder bone.
3. To spay; to castrate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
4. To turn on one side; to render oblique; to slope or slant,
as the side of a door, window, etc. --Oxf. Gloss.
Splay \Splay\, a.
Displayed; spread out; turned outward; hence, flat; ungainly;
as, splay shoulders.
Sonwthing splay, something blunt-edged, unhandy, and
infelicitous. --M. Arnold.
Splay \Splay\, a. (Arch.)
A slope or bevel, especially of the sides of a door or
window, by which the opening is made larged at one face of
the wall than at the other, or larger at each of the faces
than it is between them.
Splayfoot \Splay"foot`\, n.; pl. {Splayfeet}.
A foot that is abnormally flattened and spread out; flat
foot.
Splayfoot \Splay"foot`\, Splayfooted \Splay"foot`ed\ a.
Having a splayfoot or splayfeet.
Splaymouth \Splay"mouth`\, n.; pl. {Splaymouths}.
A wide mouth; a mouth stretched in derision. --Dryden.
Splaymouthed \Splay`mouthed"\, a.
Having a splaymouth. --T. Brown.
Spleen \Spleen\, n. [L. splen, Gr. ???? the milt or spleen,
affection of the spleen; cf. L. lien, plihan, pl[=i]han.]
1. (Anat.) A peculiar glandlike but ductless organ found near
the stomach or intestine of most vertebrates and connected
with the vascular system; the milt. Its exact function in
not known.
2. Anger; latent spite; ill humor; malice; as, to vent one's
spleen.
In noble minds some dregs remain, Not yet purged
off, of spleen and sour disdain. --Pope.
3. A fit of anger; choler. --Shak.
4. A sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a whim. [Obs.
or R.]
A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways. --Shak.
5. Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.
Bodies changed to various forms by spleen. --Pope.
There is a luxury in self-dispraise: And inward
self-disparagement affords To meditative spleen a
grateful feast. --Wordsworth.
6. A fit of immoderate laughter or merriment. [Obs.]
Thy silly thought enforces my spleen. --Shak.
Spleen \Spleen\, v. t.
To dislke. [Obs.] --Bp. Hacket.
Spleened \Spleened\, a.
1. Deprived of the spleen.
2. Angered; annoyed. [Obs.] --R. North.
Spleenful \Spleen"ful\, a.
Displaying, or affected with, spleen; angry; fretful;
melancholy.
Myself have calmed their spleenful mutiny. --Shak.
Then rode Geraint, a little spleenful yet, Across the
bridge that spann'd the dry ravine. --Tennyson.
Spleenish \Spleen"ish\, a.
Spleeny; affected with spleen; fretful. -- {Spleen"ish*ly},
adv. -- {Spleen"ish*ness}, n.
Spleenless \Spleen"less\, a.
Having no spleen; hence, kind; gentle; mild. [Obs.]
--Chapman.
Spleenwort \Spleen"wort`\, n. [Spleen + wort; cf. L. splenium,
asplenium, Gr. ????, ????, ???. ] (Bot.)
Any fern of the genus {Asplenium}, some species of which were
anciently used as remedies for disorders of the spleen.
Spleeny \Spleen"y\, a.
1. Irritable; peevish; fretful.
Spleeny Lutheran, and not wholesome to Our cause.
--Shak.
2. Affected with nervous complaints; melancholy.
Spleget \Spleg"et\, n. [Cf. {Pledget}.] (Med.)
A cloth dipped in a liquid for washing a sore. --Crabb.
Splenalgia \Sple*nal"gi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ??? spleen + ???
pain.] (Med.)
Pain over the region of the spleen.
Splenculus \Splen"cu*lus\, n.; pl. {Splenculi}. [NL., dim. of L.
splen.] (Anat.)
A lienculus.
Splendent \Splen"dent\, a. [L. splendens, -entis, p. pr. of
splendere to shine.]
1. Shining; glossy; beaming with light; lustrous; as,
splendent planets; splendent metals. See the Note under 3d
{Luster}, 4.
2. Very conspicuous; illustrious. ``Great and splendent
fortunes.''
--Sir H. Wotton.
Splendid \Splen"did\, a. [L. splendidus, fr. splendere shine;
cf. Lith. splend["e]ti: cf. F. splendide.]
1. Possessing or displaying splendor; shining; very bright;
as, a splendid sun.
2. Showy; magnificent; sumptuous; pompous; as, a splendid
palace; a splendid procession or pageant.
3. Illustrious; heroic; brilliant; celebrated; famous; as, a
splendid victory or reputation.
Splendidious \Splen*did"i*ous\, a.
Splendid. [Obs.]
Splendidly \Splen"did*ly\, adv.
In a splendid manner; magnificently.
Splendidness \Splen"did*ness\, n.
The quality of being splendid.
Splendidous \Splen"did*ous\, a.
Splendid. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Splendiferous \Splen*dif"er*ous\, a.
Splendor-bearing; splendid. --Bale (1538). ``A splendiferous
woman.'' --Haliburton. [Now used humorously.]
Splendor \Splen"dor\, n.[L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F.
splendeur.]
1. Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the
splendor ot the sun. --B. Jonson.
2. Magnifience; pomp; parade; as, the splendor of equipage,
ceremonies, processions, and the like. ``Rejoice in
splendor of mine own.'' --Shak.
3. Brilliancy; glory; as, the splendor of a victory.
Syn: Luster; brilliancy; magnifience; gorgeousness; display;
showiness; pomp; parade; grandeur.
Splendrous \Splen"drous\, Splendorous \Splen"dor*ous\, a.
Splendid. --Drayton.
Splenetic \Splen"e*tic\, a. [L. spleneticus: cf. F.
spl['e]n['e]tique. See {Spleen}.]
Affected with spleen; malicious; spiteful; peevish; fretful.
``Splenetic guffaw.'' --G. Eliot.
You humor me when I am sick; Why not when I am
splenetic? --Pope.
Syn: Morese; gloomy; sullen; peevish; fretful.
Splenetic \Splen"e*tic\, n.
A person affected with spleen.
Splenetical \Sple*net"ic*al\, a.
Splenetic.
Splenetically \Sple*net"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a splenetical manner.
Splenial \Sple"ni*al\, a. [L. splenium a plaster, a patch, Gr.
???? a bandage.] (Anat.)
(a) Designating the splenial bone.
(b) Of or pertaining to the splenial bone or splenius muscle.
{Splenial bone} (Anat.), a thin splintlike bone on the inner
side of the proximal portion of the mandible of many
vertebrates.
Splenial \Sple"ni*al\, n. (Anat.)
The splenial bone.
Splenic \Splen"ic\, a. [L. splenicus, Gr. ????; cf. F.
spl['e]nique.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the spleen; lienal; as, the splenic vein.
{Splenic apoplexy} or {fever}. (Med.) See {Anthrax}, n., 3.
Splenical \Splen"ic*al\, a.
Splenic.
Splenish \Splen"ish\, a.
Spleenish. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Splenitis \Sple*ni"tis\, n.[NL., fr. Gr. ???? of the spleen.]
(Med.)
Inflammation of the spleen.
Splenitive \Splen"i*tive\, a.
Splenetic. --Shak.
Even and smooth as seemed the temperament of the
nonchalant, languid Virginian -- not splenitive or
rash. --T. N. Page.
Splenium \Sple"ni*um\, n.[L., a plaster, a patch, from Gr. ????
a bandage, compress.] (Anat.)
The thickened posterior border of the corpus callosum; -- so
called in allusion to its shape.
Splenius \Sple"ni*us\, n. [NL.] (Anat.)
A flat muscle of the back of the neck.
Splenization \Splen`i*za"tion\, n. (Med.)
A morbid state of the lung produced by inflammation, in which
its tissue resembles that of the spleen.
Splenocele \Splen"o*cele\, n. [Gr. ???? spleen + ??? a tumor.]
(Med.)
Hernia formed by the spleen.
Splenography \Sple*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ??? spleen + -graphy.]
A description of the spleen.
Splenoid \Sple"noid\, a.[Gr. ??? spleeen + -oid.] (Anat.)
Resembling the spleen; spleenlike.
Splenology \Sple*nol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ??? spleen + -logy.]
The branch of science which treats of the spleen.
Splenotomy \Sple*not"o*my\, n. [Gr. ??? spleen + ??? to cut.]
(a) (Anat.) Dissection or anatomy of the spleen.
(b) (Med.) An incision into the spleen; removal of the spleen
by incision.
Splent \Splent\, n.
1. See {Splent}.
2. See {Splent coal}, below.
{Splent coal}, an inferior kind of cannel coal from Scotch
collieries; -- called also {splent}, {splint}, and {splint
coal}.
Spleuchan \Spleu"chan\, n. [Gael. spliuchan.]
A pouch, as for tobacco. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Splice \Splice\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spliced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Splicing}.] [D. splitsen, splitten; akin to G. splissen, Sw.
splissa, Dan. splisse, and E. split; -- from the dividing or
splitting the ends into separate strands. See {Split}, v. t.]
1. To unite, as two ropes, or parts of a rope, by a
particular manner of interweaving the strands, -- the
union being between two ends, or between an end and the
body of a rope.
2. To unite, as spars, timbers, rails, etc., by lapping the
two ends together, or by applying a piece which laps upon
the two ends, and then binding, or in any way making fast.
3. To unite in marrige. [Slang]
{Splice grafting}.ee under {Grafting}.
{To splice the main brace} (Naut.), to give out, or drink, an
extra allowance of spirits on occasion of special exposure
to wet or cold, or to severe fatigue; hence, to take a
dram.
Splice \Splice\, n.
A junction or joining made by splicing.
Spline \Spline\, n.
1. A rectangular piece fitting grooves like key seats in a
hub and a shaft, so that while the one may slide endwise
on the other, both must revolve together; a feather; also,
sometimes, a groove to receive such a rectangular piece.
2. A long, flexble piece of wood sometimes used as a ruler.
Splining \Splin"ing\, a.
Of or pertaining to a spline.
{Splining machine}, a machine tool for cutting grooves, key
seats, or slots; a slotting machine.
Splint \Splint\, n. [Akin to D. splinter,G. splinter, splitter,
Dan. splint, Sw. splint a kind of spike, a forelock (in
nautical use), Sw. splintato splint, splinter, Dan. splinte,
and E. split. See {Split}, v. t., and cf. {Splent}.]
1. A piece split off; a splinter.
2. (Surg.) A thin piece of wood, or other substance, used to
keep in place, or protect, an injured part, especially a
broken bone when set.
3. (Anat.) A splint bone.
4. (Far.) A disease affecting the splint bones, as a
callosity or hard excrescence.
5. (Anc. Armor.) One of the small plates of metal used in
making splint armor. See {Splint armor}, below.
The knees and feet were defended by splints, or thin
plates of steel. --Sir. W.
Scott.
6. Splint, or splent, coal. See {Splent coal}, under
{Splent}.
{Splint armor},a kind of ancient armor formed of thin plates
of metal, usually overlapping each other and allowing the
limbs to move freely.
{Splint bone} (Anat.), one of the rudimentary, splintlike
metacarpal or metatarsal bones on either side of the
cannon bone in the limbs of the horse and allied animals.
{Splint coal}. See {Splent coal}, under {Splent}.
Splint \Splint\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Splinted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Splinting}.]
To split into splints, or thin, slender pieces; to splinter;
to shiver. [Obs. or R.] --Florio.
2. To fasten or confine with splints, as a broken limb. See
{Splint}, n., 2. [R.] --Shak.
Splinter \Splin"ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Splintered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Splintering}.] [Cf. LG. splittern, splinteren. See
{Splint}, n., {Split}.]
1. To split or rend into long, thin pieces; to shiver; as,
the lightning splinters a tree.
After splintering their lances, they wheeled about,
and . . . abandoned the field to the enemy.
--Prescott.
2. To fasten or confine with splinters, or splints, as a
broken limb. --Bp. Wren.
Splinter \Splin"ter\, v. i.
To become split into long pieces.
Splinter \Splin"ter\, n. [See {Splinter}, v., or {Splint}, n.]
A thin piece split or rent off lengthwise, as from wood,
bone, or other solid substance; a thin piece; a sliver; as,
splinters of a ship's mast rent off by a shot.
{Splinter bar}.
(a) A crossbar in a coach, which supports the springs.
(b) The bar to which the traces are attached; a roller bolt;
a whiffletree.
Splinterproof \Splin"ter*proof`\ (spl[i^]n"t[~e]r*pr[=oo]f`), a.
(Mil.)
Proof against the splinters, or fragments, of bursting
shells.
Splintery \Splin"ter*y\ (-[y^]), a.
Consisting of splinters; resembling splinters; as, the
splintery fracture of a mineral.
Split \Split\ (spl[i^]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Split}
({Splitted}, R.); p. pr. & vb. n. {Splitting}.] [Probably of
Scand. or Low german origin; cf. Dan. splitte, LG. splitten,
OD. splitten, spletten, D. splijten, G. spleissen, MHG.
spl[=i]zen. Cf. {Splice}, {Splint}, {Splinter}.]
1. To divide lengthwise; to separate from end to end, esp. by
force; to divide in the direction of the grain layers; to
rive; to cleave; as, to split a piece of timber or a
board; to split a gem; to split a sheepskin.
Cold winter split the rocks in twain. --Dryden.
2. To burst; to rupture; to rend; to tear asunder.
A huge vessel of exceeding hard marble split asunder
by congealed water. --Boyle.
3. To divide or break up into parts or divisions, as by
discord; to separate into parts or parties, as a political
party; to disunite. [Colloq.] --South.
4. (Chem.) To divide or separate into components; -- often
used with up; as, to split up sugar into alcohol and
carbonic acid.
{To split hairs}, to make distinctions of useless nicety.
Split \Split\, v. i.
1. To part asunder; to be rent; to burst; as, vessels split
by the freezing of water in them.
2. To be broken; to be dashed to pieces.
The ship splits on the rock. --Shak.
3. To separate into parties or factions. [Colloq.]
4. To burst with laughter. [Colloq.]
Each had a gravity would make you split. --Pope.
5. To divulge a secret; to betray confidence; to peach.
[Slang] --Thackeray.
6. (Blackjack) to divide one hand of blackjack into two
hands, allowed when the first two cards dealt to a player
have the same value.
{To split on a rock}, to err fatally; to have the hopes and
designs frustrated.
Split \Split\, n.
A crack, or longitudinal fissure.
2. A breach or separation, as in a political party; a
division. [Colloq.]
3. A piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a
splinter; a fragment.
4. Specif (Leather Manuf.), one of the sections of a skin
made by dividing it into two or more thicknesses.
5. (Faro) A division of a stake happening when two cards of
the kind on which the stake is laid are dealt in the same
turn.
6. (Finance) the substitution of more than one share of a
corporation's stock for one share. The market price of the
stock usually drops in proportion to the increase in
outstanding shares of stock. The split may be in any
ratio, as a two-for-one split; a three-for-two split.
7. (Blackjack) the division by a player of one hand of
blackjack into two hands, allowed when the first two cards
dealt to a player have the same value; the player is
usually obliged to increase the amount wagered by placing
a sum equal to the original bet on the new hand thus
created.
Split \Split\, a.
1. Divided; cleft.
2. (Bot.) Divided deeply; cleft.
{Split pease}, hulled pease split for making soup, etc.
{Split pin} (Mach.), a pin with one end split so that it may
be spread open to secure it in its place.
{Split pulley}, a parting pulley. See under {Pulley}.
{Split ring}, a ring with overlapped or interlocked ends
which may be sprung apart so that objects, as keys, may be
strung upon the ring or removed from it.
{Split ticket}, a ballot containing the names of only a
portion of the candidates regularly nominated by one
party, other names being substituted for those omitted.
[U.S.]
Splitfeet \Split"feet`\, n. pl. (Zo["o]l.)
The Fissipedia.
Split-tail \Split"-tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A california market fish ({Pogonichthys macrolepidotus})
belonging to the Carp family.
(b) The pintail duck.
Splitter \Split"ter\, n.
One who, or that which, splits.
Split-tongued \Split"-tongued`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a forked tongue, as that of snakes and some lizards.
Splotch \Splotch\, n. [Cf. {Splash}.]
A spot; a stain; a daub. --R. Browning.
Splotchy \Splotch"y\, a.
Covered or marked with splotches.
Splurge \Splurge\, n.
A blustering demonstration, or great effort; a great display.
[Slang, U.S.] --Bartlett.
Splurge \Splurge\, v. i.
To make a great display in any way, especially in oratory.
[Slang, U.S.]
Splutter \Splut"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Spluttered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Spluttering}.] [Prov. E. splutter, eqivalent to
sputter. Cf. {Sputter}.]
To speak hastily and confusedly; to sputter. [Colloq.]
--Carleton.
Splutter \Splut"ter\, n.
A confused noise, as of hasty speaking. [Colloq.]
Splutterer \Splut"ter*er\, n.
One who splutters.
Spodomancy \Spod"o*man`cy\, n. [Gr. spodo`s ashes + -mancy.]
Divination by means of ashes.
Spodomantic \Spod`o*man"tic\, a.
Relating to spodomancy, or divination by means of ashes. --C.
Kingsley.
Spodumene \Spod"u*mene\ (?; 135), n. [Gr. ?, p. pr. pass. from ?
to burn to ashes, from spodo`s ashes; cf. F. spodum[`e]ne.]
(Min.)
A mineral of a white to yellowish, purplish, or emerald-green
color, occuring in prismatic crystals, often of great size.
It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia. See {Hiddenite}.
Spoffish \Spof"fish\, a. [probably from Prov. E. spoffle to be
spoffish.]
Earnest and active in matters of no moment; bustling.
[Colloq. Eng.] --Dickens.
Spoil \Spoil\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spoiled}or {Spoilt}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Spoiling}.] [F. spolier, OF. espoilelier, fr. L.
spoliare, fr. spolium spoil. Cf. {Despoil}, {Spoliation}.]
1. To plunder; to strip by violence; to pillage; to rob; --
with of before the name of the thing taken; as, to spoil
one of his goods or possession. ``Ye shall spoil the
Egyptians.'' --Ex. iii. 22.
My sons their old, unhappy sire despise, Spoiled of
his kingdom, and deprived of eues. --Pope.
2. To seize by violence;; to take by force; to plunder.
No man can enter into a strong man's house, and
spoil his goods, except he will first bind the
strong man. --Mark iii.
27.
3. To cause to decay and perish; to corrput; to vitiate; to
mar.
Spiritual pride spoils many graces. --Jer. Taylor.
4. To render useless by injury; to injure fatally; to ruin;
to destroy; as, to spoil paper; to have the crops spoiled
by insects; to spoil the eyes by reading.
Spoil \Spoil\, v. i.
1. To practice plunder or robbery.
Outlaws, which, lurking in woods, used to break
forth to rob and spoil. --Spenser.
2. To lose the valuable qualities; to be corrupted; to decay;
as, fruit will soon spoil in warm weather.
Spoil \Spoil\, n. [Cf. OF. espoille, L. spolium.]
1. That which is taken from another by violence; especially,
the plunder taken from an enemy; pillage; booty.
Gentle gales, Fanning their odoriferous wings,
dispense Native perfumes, and whisper whence they
stole Those balmy spoils. --Milton.
2. Public offices and their emoluments regarded as the
peculiar property of a successful party or faction, to be
bestowed for its own advantage; -- commonly in the plural;
as to the victor belong the spoils.
From a principle of gratitude I adhered to the
coalition; my vote was counted in the day of battle,
but I was overlooked in the division of the spoil.
--Gibbon.
3. That which is gained by strength or effort.
each science and each art his spoil. --Bentley.
4. The act or practice of plundering; robbery; aste.
The man that hath no music in himself, Nor is not
moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for
treason, stratagems, and spoil. --Shak.
5. Corruption; cause of corruption. [Archaic]
Villainous company hath been the spoil of me.
--Shak.
6. The slough, or cast skin, of a serpent or other animal.
[Obs.] --Bacon.
{Spoil bank}, a bank formed by the earth taken from an
excavation, as of a canal.
{The spoils system}, the theory or practice of regarding
public and their emoluments as so much plunder to be
distributed among their active partisans by those who are
chosen to responsible offices of administration.
Spoilable \Spoil"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being spoiled.
Spoiler \Spoil"er\, n.
1. One who spoils; a plunderer; a pillager; a robber; a
despoiler.
2. One who corrupts, mars, or renders useless.
Spoilfive \Spoil"five`\, n.
A certain game at cards in which, if no player wins three of
the five tricks possible on any deal, the game is said to be
spoiled.
Spoilful \Spoil"ful\, a.
Wasteful; rapacious. [Poetic]
Spoilsman \Spoils"man\, n.; pl. {Spoilsmen}.
One who serves a cause or a party for a share of the spoils;
in United States politics, one who makes or recognizes a
demand for public office on the ground of partisan service;
also, one who sanctions such a policy in appointments to the
public service.
Spoilsmonger \Spoils"mon`ger\, n.
One who promises or distributes public offices and their
emoluments as the price of services to a party or its
leaders.
Spoke \Spoke\,
imp. of {Speak}.
Spoke \Spoke\, n. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, sp[=a]ca; akin to D.
speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. [root]170. Cf.
{Spike} a nail.]
1. The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which
are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to
support the rim or felly.
2. (Naut.) A projecting handle of a steering wheel.
3. A rung, or round, of a ladder.
4. A contrivance for fastening the wheel of a vehicle, to
prevent it from turning in going down a hill.
{To put a spoke in one's wheel}, to thwart or obstruct one in
the execution of some design.
Spoke \Spoke\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spoked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spoking}.]
To furnish with spokes, as a wheel.
Spoken \Spo"ken\, a. [p. p. of {Speak}.]
1. Uttered in speech; delivered by word of mouth; oral; as, a
spoken narrative; the spoken word.
2. Characterized by a certain manner or style in speaking; --
often in composition; as, a pleasant-spoken man.
Methinks you 're better spoken. --Shak.
Spokeshave \Spoke"shave`\, n.
A kind of drawing knife or planing tool for dressing the
spokes of wheels, the shells of blocks, and other curved
work.
Spokesman \Spokes"man\, n.; pl. {Spokesmen}. [Speak, spoke +
man.]
One who speaks for another.
He shall be thy spokesman unto the people. --Ex. iv.
16.
Spoliate \Spo"li*ate\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Spoliated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Spoliating}.] [L. spoliatus, p. p. of spoliare
spoil. See {Spoil}, v. t.]
To plunder; to pillage; to despoil; to rob.
Spoliation \Spo`li*a"tion\, n. [L. spoliatio; cf. F. spoliation.
See {Spoil}, v. t.]
1. The act of plundering; robbery; deprivation; despoliation.
Legal spoliation, which will impoverish one part of
the community in order to corrupt the remainder.
--Sir G. C.
Lewis.
2. Robbery or plunder in war; especially, the authorized act
or practice of plundering neutrals at sea.
3. (Eccl. Law)
(a) The act of an incumbent in taking the fruits of his
benefice without right, but under a pretended title.
--Blackstone.
(b) A process for possession of a church in a spiritual
court.
4. (Law) Injury done to a document.
Spoliative \Spo"li*a*tive\, a. [Cf. F. spoliatif.]
Serving to take away, diminish, or rob; esp. (Med.), serving
to diminish sensibily the amount of blood in the body; as,
spoliative bloodletting.
Spoliator \Spo"li*a`tor\, n.
One who spoliates; a spoiler.
Spoliatory \Spo"li*a*to*ry\, a.
Tending to spoil; destructive; spoliative.
Spondaic \Spon*da"ic\, Spondaical \Spon*da"ic*al\, a. [L.
spondaicus, spondiacus, Gr. ?: cf. F. sponda["i]que.]
1. Or of pertaining to a spondee; consisting of spondees.
2. Containing spondees in excess; marked by spondees; as, a
spondaic hexameter, i. e., one which has a spondee instead
of a dactyl in the fifth foot.
Spondee \Spon"dee\, n. [L. spondeus, Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ? a
drink offering, libation, fr. ? to pour out, make a libation:
cf. F. spond['e]e. So called because at libations slow,
solemn melodies were used, chiefly in this meter.] (pros.)
A poetic foot of two long syllables, as in the Latin word
l[=e]g[=e]s.
Spondulics \Spon*du"lics\, n.
Money. [Slang, U.S.] --Bartlett.
Spondyl \Spon"dyl\, Spondyle \Spon"dyle\, n. [L. spondylus, Gr.
?, ?: cf. F. spondyle.] (Anat.)
A joint of the backbone; a vertebra.
Spong \Spong\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
An irregular, narrow, projecting part of a field. [Prov.
Eng.]
Sponge \Sponge\, n. [OF. esponge, F. ['e]ponge, L. spongia, Gr.
?, ?. Cf. {Fungus}, {Spunk}.] [Formerly written also
{spunge}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of Spongi[ae], or
Porifera. See Illust. and Note under {Spongi[ae]}.
2. The elastic fibrous skeleton of many species of horny
Spongi[ae] (keratosa), used for many purposes, especially
the varieties of the genus {Spongia}. The most valuable
sponges are found in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea,
and on the coasts of Florida and the West Indies.
3. Fig.: One who lives upon others; a pertinaceous and
indolent dependent; a parasite; a sponger.
4. Any spongelike substance. Specifically:
(a) Dough before it is kneaded and formed into loaves, and
after it is converted into a light, spongy mass by the
agency of the yeast or leaven.
(b) Iron from the puddling furnace, in a pasty condition.
(c) Iron ore, in masses, reduced but not melted or worked.
5. (Gun.) A mop for cleaning the bore of a cannon after a
discharge. It consists of a cylinder of wood, covered with
sheepskin with the wool on, or cloth with a heavy looped
nap, and having a handle, or staff.
6. (Far.) The extremity, or point, of a horseshoe, answering
to the heel.
{Bath sponge}, any one of several varieties of coarse
commercial sponges, especially {Spongia equina}.
{Cup sponge}, a toilet sponge growing in a cup-shaped form.
{Glass sponge}. See {Glass-sponge}, in the Vocabulary.
{Glove sponge}, a variety of commercial sponge ({Spongia
officinalis}, variety {tubulufera}), having very fine
fibers, native of Florida, and the West Indies.
{Grass sponge}, any one of several varieties of coarse
commercial sponges having the surface irregularly tufted,
as {Spongia graminea}, and {S. equina}, variety
{cerebriformis}, of Florida and the West Indies.
{Horse sponge}, a coarse commercial sponge, especially
{Spongia equina}.
{Platinum sponge}. (Chem.) See under {Platinum}.
{Pyrotechnical sponge}, a substance made of mushrooms or
fungi, which are boiled in water, dried, and beaten, then
put in a strong lye prepared with saltpeter, and again
dried in an oven. This makes the black match, or tinder,
brought from Germany.
{Sheep's-wool sponge}, a fine and durable commercial sponge
({Spongia equina}, variety {gossypina}) found in Florida
and the West Indies. The surface is covered with larger
and smaller tufts, having the oscula between them.
{Sponge cake}, a kind of sweet cake which is light and
spongy.
{Sponge lead}, or {Spongy lead} (Chem.), metallic lead
brought to a spongy form by reduction of lead salts, or by
compressing finely divided lead; -- used in secondary
batteries and otherwise.
{Sponge tree} (Bot.), a tropical leguminous tree ({Acacia
Farnesiana}), with deliciously fragrant flowers, which are
used in perfumery.
{Toilet sponge}, a very fine and superior variety of
Mediterranean sponge ({Spongia officinalis}, variety
{Mediterranea}); -- called also {turkish sponge}.
{To set a sponge} (Cookery), to leaven a small mass of flour,
to be used in leavening a larger quantity.
{To throw up the sponge}, to give up a contest; to
acknowledge defeat; -- from a custom of the prize ring,
the person employed to sponge a pugilist between rounds
throwing his sponge in the air in token of defeat. [Cant
or Slang] ``He was too brave a man to throw up the sponge
to fate.'' --Lowell.
{Vegetable sponge}. (Bot.) See {Loof}.
{Velvet sponge}, a fine, soft commercial sponge ({Spongia
equina}, variety {meandriniformis}) found in Florida and
the West Indies.
{Vitreous sponge}. See {Glass-sponge}.
{Yellow sponge}, a common and valuable commercial sponge
({Spongia agaricina}, variety corlosia) found in Florida
and the West Indies.
Sponge \Sponge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sponged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sponging}.]
1. To cleanse or wipe with a sponge; as, to sponge a slate or
a cannon; to wet with a sponge; as, to sponge cloth.
2. To wipe out with a sponge, as letters or writing; to
efface; to destroy all trace of. --Hooker.
3. Fig.: To deprive of something by imposition. ``How came
such multitudes of our nation . . . to be sponged of their
plate and their money?'' --South.
4. Fig.: To get by imposition or mean arts without cost; as,
to sponge a breakfast. --Swift.
Sponge \Sponge\, v. i.
1. To suck in, or imbile, as a sponge.
2. Fig.: To gain by mean arts, by intrusion, or hanging on;
as, an idler sponges on his neighbor. --E. Eggleston.
The fly is an intruder, and a common smell-feast,
that sponges upon other people's trenchers.
--L'Estrange.
3. To be converted, as dough, into a light, spongy mass by
the agency of yeast, or leaven.
Spongelet \Sponge"let\, n.
See {Spongiole}.
Spongeous \Spon"geous\, a. [See {Spongious}.]
Resembling sponge; having the nature or qualities of sponge.
Sponger \Spon"ger\, n.
1. One who sponges, or uses a sponge.
2. One employed in gathering sponges.
3. Fig.: A parasitical dependent; a hanger-on.
Spongiae \Spon"gi*[ae]\, n. pl. [See {Sponge}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The grand division of the animal kingdom which includes the
sponges; -- called also {Spongida}, {Spongiaria},
{Spongiozoa}, and {Porifera}.
Note: In the Spongi[ae], the soft sarcode of the body is
usually supported by a skeleton consisting of horny
fibers, or of silleceous or calcareous spicules. The
common sponges contain larger and smaller cavities and
canals, and numerous small ampull[ae] which which are
lined with ciliated cells capable of taking in solid
food. The outer surface usually has minute pores
through which water enters, and large openings for its
exit. Sponges produce eggs and spermatozoa, and the egg
when fertilized undergoes segmentation to form a
ciliated embryo.
Spongida \Spon"gi*da\, n. pl. [NL.]
Spongi[ae].
Spongiform \Spon"gi*form\, a.
Resembling a sponge; soft and porous; porous.
Spongilla \Spon*gil"la\, n. [NL., dim. of spongia a sponge.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of siliceous spongea found in fresh water.
Spongin \Spon"gin\, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
The chemical basis of sponge tissue, a nitrogenous, hornlike
substance which on decomposition with sulphuric acid yields
leucin and glycocoll.
Sponginess \Spon"gi*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being spongy. --Dr. H. More.
Sponging \Spon"ging\,
a. & n. from {Sponge}, v.
{Sponging house} (Eng. Law), a bailiff's or other house in
which debtors are put before being taken to jail, or until
they compromise with their creditors. At these houses
extortionate charges are commonly made for food, lodging,
etc.
Spongiole \Spon"gi*ole\ (?; 277), n. [L. spongiola a rose gall,
small roots, dim. of spongia: cf. F. spongiole.] (Bot.)
A supposed spongelike expansion of the tip of a rootlet for
absorbing water; -- called also {spongelet}.
Spongiolite \Spon"gi*o*lite\, n. [Gr. ? sponge + -lite.]
(Paleon.)
One of the microsporic siliceous spicules which occur
abundantly in the texture of sponges, and are sometimes found
fossil, as in flints.
Spongiopilin \Spon`gi*o*pi"lin\, n. [Gr. ?, dim. of ? a sponge +
? felt.] (Med.)
A kind of cloth interwoven with small pieces of sponge and
rendered waterproof on one side by a covering of rubber. When
moistend with hot water it is used as a poultice.
Spongiose \Spon"gi*ose`\, Spongious \Spon"gi*ous\, a. [L.
spongious, spongeosus: cf. F. spongieux. See {Sponge}.]
Somewhat spongy; spongelike; full of small cavities like
sponge; as, spongious bones.
Spongiozoa \Spon`gi*o*zo"a\, n. pl. [NL., Gr. ? sponge + ? an
animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Spongl[ae]}.
Spongoblast \Spon"go*blast\, n. [Gr. ? sponge + -blast.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the cells which, in sponges, secrete the spongin, or
the material of the horny fibers.
Spongoid \Spon"goid\ (?; 277), a. [Gr. ? sponge + -oid.]
Resembling sponge; like sponge.
Spongy \Spon"gy\, a.
1. Soft, and full of cavities; of an open, loose, pliable
texture; as, a spongy excrescence; spongy earth; spongy
cake; spongy bones.
2. Wet; drenched; soaked and soft, like sponge; rainy.
``Spongy April.'' --Shak.
3. Having the quality of imbibing fluids, like a sponge.
{Spongy lead} (Chem.), sponge lead. See under {Sponge}.
{Spongy platinum}. See under {Platinum}.
Sponk \Sponk\, n.
See {Spunk}.
Sponsal \Spon"sal\, a. [L. sponsalis, fr. sponsus a betrothal,
fr. spondere, sponsum, to betroth. See {Spouse}, and cf.
{Esousal}, {Spousal}.]
Relating to marriage, or to a spouse; spousal.
Sponsible \Spon"si*ble\, a. [Abbrev. from responsible.]
responsible; worthy of credit. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Sponsion \Spon"sion\, n. [L. sonsio, fr. spondere, sponsum, to
promise solemnly.]
1. The act of becoming surety for another.
2. (Internat. Law) An act or engagement on behalf of a state,
by an agent not specially authorized for the purpose, or
by one who exceeds the limits of authority.
Sponsional \Spon"sion*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a pledge or agreement; responsible. [R.]
He is righteous even in that representative and
sponsional person he put on. --Abp.
Leighton.
Sponson \Spon"son\, n. (Shipbuilding)
(a) One of the triangular platforms in front of, and abaft,
the paddle boxes of a steamboat.
(b) One of the slanting supports under the guards of a
steamboat.
(c) One of the armored projections fitted with gun ports,
used on modern war vessels.
Sponsor \Spon"sor\, n. [L., from spondere, sponsum, to engage
one's self. See {Spose}.]
1. One who binds himself to answer for another, and is
responsible for his default; a surety.
2. One who at the baptism of an infant professore the
christian faith in its name, and guarantees its religious
education; a godfather or godmother.
Spnsorial \Spn*so"ri*al\, a.
Pertaining to a sponsor.
Sponsorship \Spon"sor*ship\, n.
State of being a sponsor.
Spontaneity \Spon`ta*ne"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Spontaneities}. [Cf. F.
spontan['e]it['e].]
1. The quality or state of being spontaneous, or acting from
native feeling, proneness, or temperament, without
constraint or external force.
Romney Leigh, who lives by diagrams, And crosses not
the spontaneities Of all his individual, personal
life With formal universals. --Mrs.
Browning.
2. (Biol.)
(a) The tendency to undergo change, characteristic of both
animal and vegetable organisms, and not restrained or
cheked by the environment.
(b) The tendency to activity of muscular tissue, including
the voluntary muscles, when in a state of healthful
vigor and refreshment.
Spontaneous \Spon*ta"ne*ous\, a. [L. spontaneus, fr. sponte of
free will, voluntarily.]
1. Proceding from natural feeling, temperament, or
disposition, or from a native internal proneness,
readiness, or tendency, without constraint; as, a
spontaneous gift or proportion.
2. Proceeding from, or acting by, internal impulse, energy,
or natural law, without external force; as, spontaneous
motion; spontaneous growth.
3. Produced without being planted, or without human labor;
as, a spontaneous growth of wood.
{Spontaneous combustion}, combustion produced in a substance
by the evolution of heat through the chemical action of
its own elements; as, the spontaneous combustion of waste
matter saturated with oil.
{Spontaneous generation}. (Biol.) See under {Generation}.
Syn: Voluntary; uncompelled; willing.
Usage: {Spontaneous}, {Voluntary}. What is voluntary is the
result of a volition, or act of choice; it therefore
implies some degree of consideration, and may be the
result of mere reason without excited feeling. What is
spontaneous springs wholly from feeling, or a sudden
impulse which admits of no reflection; as, a
spontaneous burst of applause. Hence, the term is also
applied to things inanimate when they are produced
without the determinate purpose or care of man.
``Abstinence which is but voluntary fasting, and . . .
exercise which is but voluntary labor.'' --J. Seed.
Spontaneous joys, where nature has its play, The
soul adopts, and owns their firstborn away.
--Goldsmith.
-- {Spon*ta"ne*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Spon*ta"ne*ous*ness},
n.
Spontoon \Spon*toon"\, n. [F. sponton, esponton, it. spontone,
spuntone.] (Mil.)
A kind of half-pike, or halberd, formerly borne by inferior
officers of the British infantry, and used in giving signals
to the soldiers.
Spook \Spook\, n. [D. spook; akin to G. spuk, Sw. sp["o]ke, Dan.
sp["o]gelse a specter, sp["o]ge to play, sport, joke, sp["o]g
a play, joke.]
1. A spirit; a ghost; an apparition; a hobgoblin. [Written
also {spuke}.] --Ld. Lytton.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The chim[ae]ra.
Spool \Spool\, n. [OE. spole, OD. spoele, D. spoel; akin to G.
spule, OHG. spuola, Dan. & Sw. spole.]
A piece of cane or red with a knot at each end, or a hollow
cylinder of wood with a ridge at each end, used to wind
thread or yarn upon.
{Spool stand}, an article holding spools of thread, turning
on pins, -- used by women at their work.
Spool \Spool\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spooled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spooling}.]
To wind on a spool or spools.
Spooler \Spool"er\, n.
One who, or that which, spools.
Spoom \Spoom\, v. i. [Probably fr. spum foam. See {Spume}.]
(Naut.)
To be driven steadily and swiftly, as before a strong wind;
to be driven before the wind without any sail, or with only a
part of the sails spread; to scud under bare poles. [Written
also {spoon}.]
When virtue spooms before a prosperous gale, My heaving
wishes help to fill the sail. --Dryden.
Spoon \Spoon\ (sp[=oo]n), v. i. (Naut.)
See {Spoom}. [Obs.]
We might have spooned before the wind as well as they.
--Pepys.
Spoon \Spoon\, n. [OE. spon, AS. sp[=o]n, a chip; akin to D.
spaan, G. span, Dan. spaan, Sw. sp[*a]n, Icel. sp['a]nn,
sp['o]nn, a chip, a spoon. [root]170. Cf. {Span-new}.]
1. An implement consisting of a small bowl (usually a shallow
oval) with a handle, used especially in preparing or
eating food.
``Therefore behoveth him a full long spoon That
shall eat with a fiend,'' thus heard I say.
--Chaucer.
He must have a long spoon that must eat with the
devil. --Shak.
2. Anything which resembles a spoon in shape; esp. (Fishing),
a spoon bait.
3. Fig.: A simpleton; a spooney. [Slang] --Hood.
{Spoon bait} (Fishing), a lure used in trolling, consisting
of a glistening metallic plate shaped like the bowl of a
spoon with a fishhook attached.
{Spoon bit}, a bit for boring, hollowed or furrowed along one
side.
{Spoon net}, a net for landing fish.
{Spoon oar}. see under {Oar}.
Spoon \Spoon\, v. t.
To take up in, or as in, a spoon.
Spoon \Spoon\, v. i.
To act with demonstrative or foolish fondness, as one in
love. [Colloq.]
Spoonbill \Spoon"bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of wading birds of the genera
{Ajaja} and {Platalea}, and allied genera, in which the
long bill is broadly expanded and flattened at the tip.
Note: The roseate spoonbill of America ({Ajaja ajaja}), and
the European spoonbill ({Platalea leucorodia}) are the
best known. The royal spoonbill ({P. regia}) of
Australia is white, with the skin in front of the eyes
naked and black. The male in the breeding season has a
fine crest.
(b) The shoveler. See {Shoveler}, 2.
(c) The ruddy duck. See under {Ruddy}.
(d) The paddlefish.
Spoon-billed \Spoon"-billed`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the bill expanded and spatulate at the end.
Spoondrift \Spoon"drift\, n. [Spoom + drift.]
Spray blown from the tops waves during a gale at sea; also,
snow driven in the wind at sea; -- written also {spindrift}.
Spooney \Spoon"ey\, a.
Weak-minded; demonstratively fond; as, spooney lovers. [Spelt
also {spoony.}] [Colloq.]
Spooney \Spoon"ey\, n.; pl. {Spooneye}.
A weak-minded or silly person; one who is foolishly fond.
[Colloq.]
There is no doubt, whatever, that I was a lackadaisical
young spooney. --Dickens.
Spoonful \Spoon"ful\, n.; pl. {Spoonfuls}.
1. The quantity which a spoon contains, or is able to
contain; as, a teaspoonful; a tablespoonful.
2. Hence, a small quantity. --Arbuthnot.
Spoonily \Spoon"i*ly\, adv.
In a spoony manner.
Spoon-meat \Spoon"-meat`\, n.
Food that is, or must be, taken with a spoon; liquid food.
``Diet most upon spoon-meats.'' --Harvey.
Spoonwood \Spoon"wood`\, n. (Bot.)
The mountain laurel ({Kalmia latifolia}).
Spoonworm \Spoon"worm`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A gephyrean worm of the genus {Thalassema}, having a
spoonlike probiscis.
Spoonwort \Spoon"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
Scurvy grass.
Spoony \Spoon"y\, a. & n.
Same as {Spooney}.
Spoor \Spoor\, n. [D. spoor; akin to AS. spor, G. spur, and from
the root of E. spur. [root]171. See {Spur}.]
The track or trail of any wild animal; as, the spoor of an
elephant; -- used originally by travelers in South Africa.
Spoor \Spoor\, v. i.
To follow a spoor or trail. [R.]
Sporades \Spor"a*des\, n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. spora`des. Cf.
{Sporadic}.] (Astron.)
Stars not included in any constellation; -- called also
informed, or unformed, stars.
Sporadial \Spo*ra"di*al\, a.
Sporadic. [R.]
Sporadic \Spo*rad"ic\, a. [Gr. ? scattered, fr. ?, ?, scattered,
fr. ? to sow seed, to scatter like seed: cf. F. sporadique.
See {Spore}.]
Occuring singly, or apart from other things of the same kind,
or in scattered instances; separate; single; as, a sporadic
fireball; a sporadic case of disease; a sporadic example of a
flower.
{Sporadic disease} (Med.), a disease which occurs in single
and scattered cases. See the Note under {Endemic}, a.
Sporadical \Spo*rad"ic*al\, a.
Sporadic.
Sporadically \Spo*rad"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a sporadic manner.
Sporangiophore \Spo*ran"gi*o*phore\, n. [Sporangium + Gr. ? to
bear.] (Bot.)
The axis or receptacle in certain ferns (as {Trichomanes}),
which bears the sporangia.
Sporangium \Spo*ran"gi*um\, n.; pl. {Sporangia}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
a sowing, seed + ? a receptacle.] (Bot.)
A spore case in the cryptogamous plants, as in ferns, etc.
Spore \Spore\, n. [Gr. ? a sowing, seed, from ? to sow. Cf.
{Sperm}.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) One of the minute grains in flowerless plants, which
are analogous to seeds, as serving to reproduce the
species.
Note: Spores are produced differently in the different
classes of cryptogamous plants, and as regards their
nature are often so unlike that they have only their
minuteness in common. The peculiar spores of diatoms
(called auxospores) increase in size, and at length
acquire a siliceous coating, thus becoming new diatoms
of full size. Compare {Macrospore}, {Microspore},
{O["o]spore}, {Restingspore}, {Sph[ae]rospore},
{Swarmspore}, {Tetraspore}, {Zo["o]spore}, and
{Zygospore}.
(b) An embryo sac or embryonal vesicle in the ovules of
flowering plants.
2. (Biol.)
(a) A minute grain or germ; a small, round or ovoid body,
formed in certain organisms, and by germination giving
rise to a new organism; as, the reproductive spores of
bacteria, etc.
(b) One of the parts formed by fission in certain
Protozoa. See {Spore formation}, belw.
{Spore formation}.
(a) (Biol) A mode of reproduction resembling multitude
fission, common among Protozoa, in which the organism
breaks up into a number of pieces, or spores, each of
which eventually develops into an organism like the
parent form. --Balfour.
(b) The formation of reproductive cells or spores, as in
the growth of bacilli.
Sporid \Spo"rid\, n. (Bot.)
A sporidium. --Lindley.
Sporidiferous \Spo`ri*dif"er*ous\, a. [Sporidium + -ferous.]
(Bot.)
Bearing sporidia.
Sporidium \Spo*rid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Sporidia}. [NL. See {Spore}.]
(Bot.)
(a) A secondary spore, or a filament produced from a spore,
in certain kinds of minute fungi.
(b) A spore.
Sporiferous \Spo*rif"er*ous\, a. [Spore + -ferous.] (Biol.)
Bearing or producing spores.
Sporification \Spo`ri*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Spore + L. -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See {-fy}.] (Biol.)
Spore formation. See {Spore formation}
(b), under {Spore}.
Sporocarp \Spo"ro*carp\, n. [Spore + Gr. ? fruit.] (Bot.)
(a) A closed body or conceptacle containing one or more
masses of spores or sporangia.
(b) A sporangium.
Sporocyst \Spo"ro*cyst\, n. [Gr. ? seed + ? bladder.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) An asexual zooid, usually forming one of a
series of larval forms in the agamic reproduction of
various trematodes and other parasitic worms. The
sporocyst generally develops from an egg, but in its turn
produces other larv[ae] by internal budding, or by the
subdivision of a part or all of its contents into a number
of minute germs. See {Redia}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any protozoan when it becomes encysted produces
germs by sporulation.
Sporogenesis \Spo`ro*gen"e*sis\, n. [Spore + genesis.] (Biol.)
reproduction by spores.
Sporogony \Spo*rog"o*ny\, n. [Spore + root of Gr. ? to be born.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The growth or development of an animal or a zooid from a
nonsexual germ.
Sporophore \Spo"ro*phore\, n. [Spore + Gr. ? to bear.] (Bot.)
(a) A placenta.
(b) That alternately produced form of certain cryptogamous
plants, as ferns, mosses, and the like, which is
nonsexual, but produces spores in countless numbers. In
ferns it is the leafy plant, in mosses the capsule. Cf.
{O["o]phore}.
Sporophoric \Spo`ro*phor"ic\, a. (Bot.)
Having the nature of a sporophore.
Sporosac \Spo"ro*sac\, n. [Spore + sac.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A hydrozoan reproductive zooid or gonophore which does
not become medusoid in form or structure. See Illust.
under {Athecata}.
(b) An early or simple larval stage of trematode worms and
some other invertebrates, which is capable or reproducing
other germs by asexual generation; a nurse; a redia.
Sporozoa \Spo`ro*zo"a\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. spo`ros a spore +
zo^,on an animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extensive division of parasitic Protozoa, which increase
by sporulation. It includes the Gregarinida.
Sporozoid \Spo`ro*zo"id\, n. [Spore + Gr. ? an animal.] (Bot.)
Same as {Zo["o]spore}.
Sporran \Spor"ran\ (sp[o^]r"ran), n. [Gael. sporan.]
A large purse or pouch made of skin with the hair or fur on,
worn in front of the kilt by Highlanders when in full dress.
Sport \Sport\ (sp[=o]rt), n. [Abbreviated frm disport.]
1. That which diverts, and makes mirth; pastime; amusement.
It is as sport a fool do mischief. --prov. x. 23.
Her sports were such as carried riches of knowledge
upon the stream of delight. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Think it but a minute spent in sport. --Shak.
2. Mock; mockery; contemptuous mirth; derision.
Then make sport at me; then let me be your
jest.Shak.
3. That with which one plays, or which is driven about in
play; a toy; a plaything; an object of mockery.
Flitting leaves, the sport of every wind. --Dryden.
Never does man appear to greater disadvantage than
when he is the sport of his own ungoverned pasions.
--John Clarke.
4. Play; idle jingle.
An author who should introduce such a sport of words
upon our stage would meet with small applause.
--Broome.
5. Diversion of the field, as fowling, hunting, fishing,
racing, games, and the like, esp. when money is staked.
6. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.) A plant or an animal, or part of a plant
or animal, which has some peculiarity not usually seen in
the species; an abnormal variety or growth. See {Sporting
plant}, under {Sporting}.
7. A sportsman; a gambler. [Slang]
{In sport}, in jest; for play or diversion. ``So is the man
that deceiveth his neighbor, and saith, Am not I in
sport?'' --Prov. xxvi. 19.
Syn: Play; game; diversion; frolic; mirth; mock; mockery;
jeer.
Sport \Sport\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sported}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sporting}.]
1. To play; to frolic; to wanton.
[Fish], sporting with quick glance, Show to the sun
their waved coats dropt with gold. --Milton.
2. To practice the diversions of the field or the turf; to be
given to betting, as upon races.
3. To trifle. ``He sports with his own life.'' --Tillotson.
4. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.) To assume suddenly a new and different
character from the rest of the plant or from the type of
the species; -- said of a bud, shoot, plant, or animal.
See {Sport}, n., 6. --Darwin.
Syn: To play; frolic; game; wanton.
Sport \Sport\, v. t.
1. To divert; to amuse; to make merry; -- used with the
reciprocal pronoun.
Against whom do ye sport yourselves? --Isa. lvii.
4.
2. To represent by any knd of play.
Now sporting on thy lyre the loves of youth.
--Dryden.
3. To exhibit, or bring out, in public; to use or wear; as,
to sport a new equipage. [Colloq.] --Grose.
4. To give utterance to in a sportive manner; to throw out in
an easy and copious manner; -- with off; as, to sport off
epigrams. --Addison.
{To sport one's oak}. See under {Oak}, n.
Sportability \Sport`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
Sportiveness. [Obs.]
Sportal \Sport"al\, a.
Of or pertaining to sports; used in sports. [R.] ``Sportal
arms.'' --Dryden.
Sporter \Sport"er\, n.
One who sports; a sportsman.
As this gentleman and I have been old fellow sporters,
I have a frienship for him. --Goldsmith.
Sportful \Sport"ful\, a.
1. Full of sport; merry; frolicsome; full of jesting;
indulging in mirth or play; playful; wanton; as, a
sportful companion.
Down he alights among the sportful herd. --Milton.
2. Done in jest, or for mere play; sportive.
They are no sportful productions of the soil.
--Bentley.
-- {Sport"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Sport"ful*ness}, n.
Sporting \Sport"ing\, a.
Of pertaining to, or engaging in, sport or sporrts;
exhibiting the character or conduct of one who, or that
which, sports.
{Sporting book}, a book containing a record of bets, gambling
operations, and the like. --C. Kingsley.
{Sporting house}, a house frequented by sportsmen, gamblers,
and the like.
{Sporting man}, one who practices field sports; also, a horse
racer, a pugilist, a gambler, or the like.
{Sporting plant} (Bot.), a plant in which a single bud or
offset suddenly assumes a new, and sometimes very
different, character from that of the rest of the plant.
--Darwin.
Sportingly \Sport"ing*ly\, adv.
In sport; sportively.
The question you there put, you do it, I suppose, but
sportingly. --Hammond.
Sportive \Sport"ive\, a.
Tending to, engaged in, or provocate of, sport; gay;
froliscome; playful; merry.
Is it I That drive thee from the sportive court?
--Shak.
-- {Sport"ive*ly}, adv. -- {Sport"ive*ness}, n.
Sportless \Sport"less\, a.
Without sport or mirth; joyless.
Sportling \Sport"ling\, n.
A little person or creature engaged in sports or in play.
When again the lambkins play -- Pretty sportlings, full
of May. --Philips.
Sportsman \Sports"man\, n.;pl. {Sportsmen}.
One who pursues the sports of the field; one who hunts,
fishes, etc.
Sportsmanship \Sports"man*ship\, n.
The practice of sportsmen; skill in field sports.
Sportula \Spor"tu*la\, n.; pl. {Sportul[ae]}. [L.]
A gift; a present; a prize; hence, an alms; a largess.
To feed luxuriously, to frequent sports and theaters,
to run for the sportula. --South.
Sportulary \Spor"tu*la*ry\, a.
Subsisting on alms or charitable contributions. [Obs.] --Bp.
Hall.
Sportule \Spor"tule\, n. [L. sportula a little basket, a gift,
dim. of sporta a basket: cf. F. sortule.]
A charitable gift or contribution; a gift; an alms; a dole; a
largess; a sportula. [Obs.] --Ayliffe.
Sporulation \Spor`u*la"tion\, n. (Biol.)
The act or process of forming spores; spore formation. See
Illust. of Bacillus, b.
Sporule \Spor"ule\, n. [Dim. of spore.] (Biol.)
A small spore; a spore.
Sporuliferous \Spor`u*lif"er*ous\, a. [Sporule + -ferous.]
(Biol.)
Producing sporules.
Spot \Spot\, n. [Cf. Scot. & D. spat, Dan. spette, Sw. spott
spittle, slaver; from the root of E. spit. See {Spit} to
eject from the mouth, and cf. {Spatter}.]
1. A mark on a substance or body made by foreign matter; a
blot; a place discolored.
Out, damned spot! Out, I say! --Shak.
2. A stain on character or reputation; something that soils
purity; disgrace; reproach; fault; blemish.
Yet Chloe, sure, was formed without a spot. --Pope.
3. A small part of a different color from the main part, or
from the ground upon which it is; as, the spots of a
leopard; the spots on a playing card.
4. A small extent of space; a place; any particular place.
``Fixed to one spot.'' --Otway.
That spot to which I point is Paradise. --Milton.
``A jolly place,'' said he, ``in times of old! But
something ails it now: the spot is cursed.''
--Wordsworth.
5. (Zo["o]l.) A variety of the common domestic pigeon, so
called from a spot on its head just above its beak.
6. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A sci[ae]noid food fish ({Liostomus xanthurus}) of the
Atlantic coast of the United States. It has a black
spot behind the shoulders and fifteen oblique dark
bars on the sides. Called also {goody}, {Lafayette},
{masooka}, and {old wife}.
(b) The southern redfish, or red horse, which has a spot
on each side at the base of the tail. See {Redfish}.
7. pl. Commodities, as merchandise and cotton, sold for
immediate delivery. [Broker's Cant]
{Crescent spot} (Zo["o]l.), any butterfly of the family
{Melit[ae]id[ae]} having crescent-shaped white spots along
the margins of the red or brown wings.
{Spot lens} (Microscopy), a condensing lens in which the
light is confined to an annular pencil by means of a
small, round diaphragm (the spot), and used in dark-field
ilumination; -- called also {spotted lens}.
{Spot rump} (Zo["o]l.), the Hudsonian godwit ({Limosa
h[ae]mastica}).
{Spots on the sun}. (Astron.) See {Sun spot}, ander {Sun}.
{On}, or {Upon}, {the spot}, immediately; before moving;
without changing place.
It was determined upon the spot. --Swift.
Syn: Stain; flaw; speck; blot; disgrace; reproach; fault;
blemish; place; site; locality.
Spot \Spot\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spotted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spotting}.]
1. To make visible marks upon with some foreign matter; to
discolor in or with spots; to stain; to cover with spots
or figures; as, to spot a garnment; to spot paper.
2. To mark or note so as to insure recognition; to recognize;
to detect; as, to spot a criminal. [Cant]
3. To stain; to blemish; to taint; to disgrace; to tarnish,
as reputation; to asperse.
My virgin life no spotted thoughts shall stain.
--Sir P.
Sidney.
If ever I shall close these eyes but once, May I
live spotted for my perjury. --Beau. & Fl.
{To spot timber}, to cut or chip it, in preparation for
hewing.
Spot \Spot\, v. i.
To become stained with spots.
Spotless \Spot"less\, a.
Without a spot; especially, free from reproach or impurity;
pure; untainted; innocent; as, a spotless mind; spotless
behavior.
A spotless virgin, and a faultless wife. --Waller.
Syn: Blameless; unspotted; unblemished; pure; immaculate;
irreproachable. See {Blameless}. -- {Spot"less*ly}, adv.
-- {Spot"less*ness}, n.
Spotted \Spot"ted\, a.
Marked with spots; as, a spotted garment or character. ``The
spotted panther.'' --Spenser.
{Spotted fever} (Med.), a name applied to various eruptive
fevers, esp. to typhus fever and cerebro-spinal
meningitis.
{Spotted tree} (Bot.), an Australian tree ({Flindersia
maculosa}); -- so called because its bark falls off in
spots.
Spottedness \Spot"ted*ness\, n.
State or quality of being spotted.
Spotter \Spot"ter\, n.
One who spots.
Spottiness \Spot"ti*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being spotty.
Spotty \Spot"ty\, a.
Full of spots; marked with spots.
Spousage \Spous"age\ (?; 48), n. [OF. espousaige, from espouser.
See {Spouse}, v. t.]
Espousal. [Obs.] --Bale.
Spousal \Spous"al\, a. [See {Espousal}, {Sponsal}, and
{Spouse}.]
Of or pertaining to a spouse or marriage; nuptial;
matrimonial; conjugal; bridal; as, spousal rites; spousal
ornaments. --Wordsworth.
Spousal \Spous"al\, n. [See {Espousal}, {Spouse}.]
Marriage; nuptials; espousal; -- generally used in the
plural; as, the spousals of Hippolita. --Dryden.
Boweth your head under that blissful yoke . . . Which
that men clepeth spousal or wedlock. --Chaucer.
the spousals of the newborn year. --Emerson.
Spouse \Spouse\, n. [OF. espous, espos, fem. espouse, F.
['e]poux, ['e]pouse, fr. L. sponsus, sponsa, prop. p. p. of
spondere, sponsum, to promise solemnly, to engage one's self.
Cf. {Despond}, {Espouse}, {respond}, {Sponsor}.]
1. A man or woman engaged or joined in wedlock; a married
person, husband or wife.
At last such grace I found, and means I wrought,
That that lady to my spouse had won. --Spenser.
2. A married man, in distinct from a spousess or married
woman; a bridegroom or husband. [Obs.]
At which marriage was [were] no person present but
the spouse, the spousess, the Duchess of Bedford her
mother, the priest, two gentlewomen, and a young
man. --Fabyan.
Spouse \Spouse\, v. t. [See {Espouse}, and Spouse, n.]
To wed; to espouse. [Obs.]
This markis hath her spoused with a ring. --Chaucer.
Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's solemnize.
--Spenser.
She was found again, and spoused to Marinell.
--Spenser.
Spouse-breach \Spouse"-breach`\, n.
Adultery. [Obs.]
Spouseless \Spouse"less\, a.
Destitute of a spouse; unmarried.
Spousess \Spous"ess\, n.
A wife or bride. [Obs.] --Fabyan.
Spout \Spout\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spouted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spouting}.] [Cf. Sw. sputa, spruta, to spout, D. spuit a
spout, spuiten to spout, and E. spurt, sprit, v., sprout,
sputter; or perhaps akin to E. spit to eject from the mouth.]
1. To throw out forcibly and abudantly, as liquids through an
office or a pipe; to eject in a jet; as, an elephant
spouts water from his trunk.
Who kept Jonas in the fish's maw Till he was spouted
up at Ninivee? --Chaucer.
Next on his belly floats the mighty whale . . . He
spouts the tide. --Creech.
2. To utter magniloquently; to recite in an oratorical or
pompous manner.
Pray, spout some French, son. --Beau. & Fl.
3. To pawn; to pledge; as, spout a watch. [Cant]
Spout \Spout\, v. i.
1. To issue with with violence, or in a jet, as a liquid
through a narrow orifice, or from a spout; as, water
spouts from a hole; blood spouts from an artery.
All the glittering hill Is bright with spouting
rills. --Thomson.
2. To eject water or liquid in a jet.
3. To utter a speech, especially in a pompous manner.
Spout \Spout\, n. [Cf. Sw. spruta a squirt, a syringe. See
{Spout}, v. t.]
1. That through which anything spouts; a discharging lip,
pipe, or orifice; a tube, pipe, or conductor of any kind
through which a liquid is poured, or by which it is
conveyed in a stream from one place to another; as, the
spout of a teapot; a spout for conducting water from the
roof of a building. --Addison. ``A conduit with three
issuing spouts.'' --Shak.
In whales . . . an ejection thereof [water] is
contrived by a fistula, or spout, at the head. --Sir
T. Browne.
From silver spouts the grateful liquors glide.
--Pope.
2. A trough for conducting grain, flour, etc., into a
receptacle.
3. A discharge or jet of water or other liquid, esp. when
rising in a column; also, a waterspout.
{To put}, {shove}, or {pop}, {up the spout}, to pawn or
pledge at a pawnbroker's; -- in allusion to the spout up
which the pawnbroker sent the ticketed articles. [Cant]
Spouter \Spout"er\, n.
One who, or that which, spouts.
Spoutfish \Spout"fish\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A marine animal that spouts water; -- applied especially to
certain bivalve mollusks, like the long clams ({Mya}), which
spout, or squirt out, water when retiring into their holes.
Spoutless \Spout"less\, a.
Having no spout. --Cowper.
Spoutshell \Spout"shell`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any marine gastropod shell of the genus {Apporhais} having an
elongated siphon. See Illust. under {Rostrifera}.
Sprack \Sprack\, a. [Cf. Icel. spr[ae]kr sprightly, dial. Sw.
spr["a]k, spr["a]g, spirited, mettlesome; or Gael. spraic
vigor.]
Quick; lively; alert. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Sprad \Sprad\, obs.
p. p. of {Spread}. --Chaucer.
Spradde \Sprad"de\, obs.
imp. of {Spread}. --Chaucer.
Sprag \Sprag\, n. [Cf. Icel. spraka a small flounder.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A young salmon. [Prov. Eng.]
Sprag \Sprag\, n. [See {Spray} a branch.]
A billet of wood; a piece of timber used as a prop.
Sprag \Sprag\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spragged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spragging}.]
1. To check the motion of, as a carriage on a steep grade, by
putting a sprag between the spokes of the wheel. --R. S.
Poole.
2. To prop or sustain with a sprag.
Sprag \Sprag\, a.
See {Sprack}, a. --Shak.
Sprain \Sprain\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sprained}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spraining}.] [OF. espreindreto press, to force out, F.
['e]preindre, fr. L. exprimere. See {Express}, v. t., and cf.
{Spraints}.]
To weaken, as a joint, ligament, or muscle, by sudden and
excessive exertion, as by wrenching; to overstrain, or
stretch injuriously, but without luxation; as, to sprain
one's ankle.
Sprain \Sprain\, n.
The act or result of spraining; lameness caused by spraining;
as, a bad sprain of the wrist.
{Sprain fracture} (Med.), the separation of a tendon from its
point of insertion, with the detachment of a shell of bone
to which the tendon is attached.
Spraints \Spraints\, n. pl. [OF. espraintes, espreintes, F.
['e]preintes from espreinte a desire to go to stool, from
espreindre. See {Sprain}, v. t.]
The dung of an otter.
Sprang \Sprang\,
imp. of {Spring}.
Sprat \Sprat\, n. [OE. sprot, sprotte, D. sprot; akin to G.
sprotte.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small European herring ({Clupea sprattus}) closely
allied to the common herring and the pilchard; -- called
also {garvie}. The name is also applied to small herring
of different kinds.
(b) A California surf-fish ({Rhacochilus toxotes}); -- called
also {alfione}, and {perch}.
{Sprat borer} (Zo["o]l.), the red-throated diver; -- so
called from its fondness for sprats. See {Diver}.
{Sprat loon}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The young of the great northern diver. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) The red-throated diver. See {Diver}.
{Sprat mew} (Zo["o]l.), the kittiwake gull.
Sprawl \Sprawl\ (spr[add]l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sprawled}
(spr[add]ld); p. pr. & vb. n. {Sprawling}.] [OE. spraulen;
cf. Sw. sprattla to sprawl, dial. Sw. spralla, Dan.
sp[ae]lle, spr[ae]lde, D. spartelen, spertelen, to flounder,
to struggle.]
1. To spread and stretch the body or limbs carelessly in a
horizontal position; to lie with the limbs stretched out
ungracefully.
2. To spread irregularly, as vines, plants, or tress; to
spread ungracefully, as chirography.
3. To move, when lying down, with awkward extension and
motions of the limbs; to scramble in creeping.
The birds were not fledged; but upon sprawling and
struggling to get clear of the flame, down they
tumbled. --L'Estrange.
Srawls \Srawls\, n. pl.
Small branches of a tree; twigs; sprays. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Spray \Spray\ (spr>amac/), n. [Cf. Dan. sprag. See {Sprig}.]
1. A small shoot or branch; a twig. --Chaucer.
The painted birds, companions of the spring, Hopping
from spray, were heard to sing. --Dryden.
2. A collective body of small branches; as, the tree has a
beautiful spray.
And from the trees did lop the needless spray.
--Spenser.
3. (Founding)
(a) A side channel or branch of the runner of a flask,
made to distribute the metal in all parts of the mold.
(b) A group of castings made in the same mold and
connected by sprues formed in the runner and its
branches. --Knight.
{Spray drain} (Agric.), a drain made by laying under earth
the sprays or small branches of trees, which keep passages
open.
Spray \Spray\, n. [probably from a Dutch or Low German form akin
to E. spread. See {Spread}, v. t.]
1. Water flying in small drops or particles, as by the force
of wind, or the dashing of waves, or from a waterfall, and
the like.
2. (Med.)
(a) A jet of fine medicated vapor, used either as an
application to a diseased part or to charge the air of
a room with a disinfectant or a deodorizer.
(b) An instrument for applying such a spray; an atomizer.
{Spray condenser} (Steam Engine) an injection condenser in
which the steam is condensed by a spray of water which
mingles with it.
Spray \Spray\, v. t.
1. To let fall in the form of spray. [Poetic] --M. Arnold.
2. To throw spray upon; to treat with a liquid in the form of
spray; as, to spray a wound, or a surgical instrument,
with carbolic acid.
Sprayboard \Spray`board\, n. (Naut.)
See {Dashboard}, n., 2
(b) .
Spread \Spread\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spread}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spreading}.] [OE. spreden, AS. spr[ae]dan; akin to D.
spreiden, spreijen, LG. spreden, spreen, spreien, G.
spreiten, Dan. sprede, Sw. sprida. Cf. {Spray} water flying
in drops.]
1. To extend in length and breadth, or in breadth only; to
stretch or expand to a broad or broader surface or extent;
to open; to unfurl; as, to spread a carpet; to spread a
tent or a sail.
He bought a parcel of a field where he had spread
his tent. --Gen. xxxiii.
19.
Here the Rhone Hath spread himself a couch. --Byron.
2. To extend so as to cover something; to extend to a great
or grater extent in every direction; to cause to fill or
cover a wide or wider space.
Rose, as in a dance, the stately trees, and spread
Their branches hung with copious fruit. --Milton.
3. To divulge; to publish, as news or fame; to cause to be
more extensively known; to disseminate; to make known
fully; as, to spread a report; -- often acompanied by
abroad.
They, when they were departed, spread abroad his
fame in all that country. --Matt. ix.
31.
4. To propagate; to cause to affect great numbers; as, to
spread a disease.
5. To diffuse, as emanations or effluvia; to emit; as,
odoriferous plants spread their fragrance.
6. To strew; to scatter over a surface; as, to spread manure;
to spread lime on the ground.
7. To prepare; to set and furnish with provisions; as, to
spread a table.
Boiled the flesh, and spread the board. --Tennyson.
{To spread cloth}, to unfurl sail. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
Syn: To diffuse; propogate; disperse; publish; distribute;
scatter; circulate; disseminate; dispense.
Spread \Spread\, v. i.
1. To extend in length and breadth in all directions, or in
breadth only; to be extended or stretched; to expand.
Plants, if they spread much, are seldom tall.
--Bacon.
Governor Winthrop, and his associates at
Charlestown, had for a church a large, spreading
tree. --B. Trumbull.
2. To be extended by drawing or beating; as, some metals
spread with difficulty.
3. To be made known more extensively, as news.
4. To be propagated from one to another; as, the disease
spread into all parts of the city. --Shak.
Spread \Spread\, n.
1. Extent; compass.
I have got a fine spread of improvable land.
--Addison.
2. Expansion of parts.
No flower hath spread like that of the woodbine.
--Bacon.
3. A cloth used as a cover for a table or a bed.
4. A table, as spread or furnished with a meal; hence, an
entertainment of food; a feast. [Colloq.]
5. A privilege which one person buys of another, of demanding
certain shares of stock at a certain price, or of
delivering the same shares of stock at another price,
within a time agreed upon. [Broker's Cant]
6. (Geom.) An unlimited expanse of discontinuous points.
Spread \Spread\,
imp. & p. p. of {Spread}, v.
{Spread eagle}.
(a) An eagle with outspread wings, the national emblem of the
United States.
(b) The figure of an eagle, with its wings elevated and its
legs extended; often met as a device upon military
ornaments, and the like.
(c) (Her.) An eagle displayed; an eagle with the wings and
legs extended on each side of the body, as in the
double-headed eagle of Austria and Russia. See
{Displayed}, 2.
Spread-eagle \Spread"-ea`gle\, a.
Characterized by a pretentious, boastful, exaggerated style;
defiantly or extravagantly bombastic; as, a spread-eagle
orator; a spread-eagle speech. [Colloq.& Humorous]
Spreader \Spread"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, spreads, expands, or propogates.
2. A machine for combining and drawing fibers of flax to form
a sliver preparatory to spinning.
Spreadingly \Spread"ing*ly\, adv.
Increasingly.
The best times were spreadingly infected. --Milton.
Sprechery \Sprech"er*y\, n. [Cf. Gael. spreidh cattle.]
Movables of an inferior description; especially, such as have
been collected by depredation. [Scot.]
Spree \Spree\, n. [Cf. Ir. spre a spark, animation, spirit,
Gael. spraic. Cf. {Sprack}.]
A merry frolic; especially, a drinking frolic; a carousal.
[Colloq.]
Sprenge \Sprenge\, v. t. [OE. sprengen, p. p. sprent, spreint,
from AS. sprengen to sprinkle. See {Sprinkle}.]
To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.] --Wyclif (1 Pet. i. 2).
Sprengel pump \Spreng"el pump`\ (Physics)
A form of air pump in which exhaustion is produced by a
stream of mercury running down a narrow tube, in the manner
of an aspirator; -- named from the inventor.
Sprent \Sprent\, obs.
p. p. of {Sprenge}. Sprinkled.
All the ground with purple blood was sprent. --Spenser.
Sprew \Sprew\, n. [Cf. D. sprouw, spruw.] (Med.)
Thrush. [Local, U.S.]
Spreynd \Spreynd\, obs.
p. p. of {Sprenge}. Sprinkled.
When spreynd was holy water. --Chaucer.
Sprig \Sprig\, n. [AS. sprec; akin to Icel. sprek a stick. Cf.
{Spray} a branch.]
1. A small shoot or twig of a tree or other plant; a spray;
as, a sprig of laurel or of parsley.
2. A youth; a lad; -- used humorously or in slight
disparagement.
A sprig whom I remember, with a whey-face and a
satchel, not so many years ago. --Sir W.
Scott.
3. A brad, or nail without a head.
4. (Naut.) A small eyebolt ragged or barbed at the point.
Sprig \Sprig\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sprigged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sprigging}.]
To mark or adorn with the representation of small branches;
to work with sprigs; as, to sprig muslin.
Sprigged \Sprigged\, a.
Having sprigs.
Spriggy \Sprig"gy\, a.
Full of sprigs or small branches.
Spright \Spright\, n. [See {Sprite}.]
1. Spirit; mind; soul; state of mind; mood. [Obs.] ``The high
heroic spright.''
--Spenser.
Wondrous great grief groweth in my spright. --Spenser.
2. A supernatural being; a spirit; a shade; an apparition; a
ghost.
Forth he called, out of deep darkness dread, Legions
of sprights. --Spenser.
To thee, O Father, Son, and Sacred Spright.
--Fairfax.
3. A kind of short arrow. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Spright \Spright\, v. t.
To haunt, as a spright. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sprightful \Spright"ful\, a. [Spright sprite + full.]
Full of spirit or of life; earnest; vivacious; lively; brisk;
nimble; gay. [Obs.] -- {Spright"ful*ly}, adv. [Obs.]
--Shak. -- {Spright"ful*ness}, n. [Obs.]
Spoke like a sprightful gentlemen. --Shak.
Steeds sprightful as the light. --Cowley.
Sprightless \Spright"less\, a.
Destitute of life; dull; sluggish.
Sprightliness \Spright"li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sprightly; liveliness; life;
briskness; vigor; activity; gayety; vivacity.
In dreams, observe with what a sprightliness and
alacrity does she [the soul] exert herself! --Addison.
Sprightly \Spright"ly\, a. [Compar. {Sprightlier}; superl.
{Sprightliest}.] [See {Sprite}.]
Sprightlike, or spiritlike; lively; brisk; animated;
vigorous; airy; gay; as, a sprightly youth; a sprightly air;
a sprightly dance. ``Sprightly wit and love inspires.''
--Dryden.
The sprightly Sylvia trips along the green. --Pope.
Sprigtail \Sprig"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The pintail duck; -- called also {sprig}, and
{spreet-tail}. [Local, U.S.]
(b) The sharp-tailed grouse. [Local, U.S.]
Spring \Spring\, v. i. [imp. {Sprang}or {Sprung}; p. p.
{Sprung}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Springing}.] [AS. springan; akin
to D. & G. springen, OS. & OHG. springan, Icel. & Sw.
springa, Dan. springe; cf. Gr. ? to hasten. Cf. {Springe},
{Sprinkle}.]
1. To leap; to bound; to jump.
The mountain stag that springs From height to
height, and bounds along the plains. --Philips.
2. To issue with speed and violence; to move with activity;
to dart; to shoot.
And sudden light Sprung through the vaulted roof.
--Dryden.
3. To start or rise suddenly, as from a covert.
Watchful as fowlers when their game will spring.
--Otway.
4. To fly back; as, a bow, when bent, springs back by its
elastic power.
5. To bend from a straight direction or plane surface; to
become warped; as, a piece of timber, or a plank,
sometimes springs in seasoning.
6. To shoot up, out, or forth; to come to the light; to begin
to appear; to emerge; as a plant from its seed, as streams
from their source, and the like; -often followed by up,
forth, or out.
Till well nigh the day began to spring. --Chaucer.
To satisfy the desolate and waste ground, and to
cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth.
--Job xxxviii.
27.
Do not blast my springing hopes. --Rowe.
O, spring to light; auspicious Babe, be born.
--Pope.
7. To issue or proceed, as from a parent or ancestor; to
result, as from a cause, motive, reason, or principle.
[They found] new hope to spring Out of despair, joy,
but with fear yet linked. --Milton.
8. To grow; to prosper.
What makes all this, but Jupiter the king, At whose
command we perish, and we spring? --Dryden.
{To spring at}, to leap toward; to attempt to reach by a
leap.
{To spring forth}, to leap out; to rush out.
{To spring in}, to rush in; to enter with a leap or in haste.
{To spring on} or {upon}, to leap on; to rush on with haste
or violence; to assault.
Spring \Spring\, v. t.
1. To cause to spring up; to start or rouse, as game; to
cause to rise from the earth, or from a covert; as, to
spring a pheasant.
2. To produce or disclose suddenly or unexpectedly.
She starts, and leaves her bed, amd springs a light.
--Dryden.
The friends to the cause sprang a new project. --Swift.
3. To cause to explode; as, to spring a mine.
4. To crack or split; to bend or strain so as to weaken; as,
to spring a mast or a yard.
5. To cause to close suddenly, as the parts of a trap
operated by a spring; as, to spring a trap.
6. To bend by force, as something stiff or strong; to force
or put by bending, as a beam into its sockets, and
allowing it to straighten when in place; -- often with in,
out, etc.; as, to spring in a slat or a bar.
7. To pass over by leaping; as, to spring a fence.
{To spring a butt} (Naut.), to loosen the end of a plank in a
ship's bottom.
{To spring a leak} (Naut.), to begin to leak.
{To spring an arch} (Arch.), to build an arch; -- a common
term among masons; as, to spring an arch over a lintel.
{To spring a rattle}, to cause a rattle to sound. See
{Watchman's rattle}, under {Watchman}.
{To spring the luff} (Naut.), to ease the helm, and sail
nearer to the wind than before; -- said of a vessel.
--Mar. Dict.
{To spring a} {mast or spar} (Naut.), to strain it so that it
is unserviceable.
Spring \Spring\, n. [AS. spring a fountain, a leap. See
{Spring}, v. i.]
1. A leap; a bound; a jump.
The prisoner, with a spring, from prison broke.
--Dryden.
2. A flying back; the resilience of a body recovering its
former state by elasticity; as, the spring of a bow.
3. Elastic power or force.
Heavens! what a spring was in his arm! --Dryden.
4. An elastic body of any kind, as steel, India rubber, tough
wood, or compressed air, used for various mechanical
purposes, as receiving and imparting power, diminishing
concussion, regulating motion, measuring weight or other
force.
Note: The principal varieties of springs used in mechanisms
are the spiral spring (Fig. a), the coil spring (Fig.
b), the elliptic spring (Fig. c), the half-elliptic
spring (Fig. d), the volute spring, the India-rubber
spring, the atmospheric spring, etc.
5. Any source of supply; especially, the source from which a
stream proceeds; as issue of water from the earth; a
natural fountain. ``All my springs are in thee.'' --Ps.
lxxxvii. 7. ``A secret spring of spiritual joy.''
--Bentley. ``The sacred spring whence and honor streams.''
--Sir J. Davies.
6. Any active power; that by which action, or motion, is
produced or propagated; cause; origin; motive.
Our author shuns by vulgar springs to move The
hero's glory, or the virgin's love. --Pope.
7. That which springs, or is originated, from a source; as:
(a) A race; lineage. [Obs.] --Chapman.
(b) A youth; a springal. [Obs.] --Spenser.
(c) A shoot; a plant; a young tree; also, a grove of
trees; woodland. [Obs.] --Spenser. Milton.
8. That which causes one to spring; specifically, a lively
tune. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
9. The season of the year when plants begin to vegetate and
grow; the vernal season, usually comprehending the months
of March, April, and May, in the middle latitudes north of
the equator. ``The green lap of the new-come spring.''
--Shak.
Note: Spring of the astronomical year begins with the vernal
equinox, about March 21st, and ends with the summer
solstice, about June 21st.
10. The time of growth and progress; early portion; first
stage. ``The spring of the day.'' --1 Sam. ix. 26.
O how this spring of love resembleth The uncertain
glory of an April day. --Shak.
11. (Naut.)
(a) A crack or fissure in a mast or yard, running
obliquely or transversely.
(b) A line led from a vessel's quarter to her cable so
that by tightening or slacking it she can be made to
lie in any desired position; a line led diagonally
from the bow or stern of a vessel to some point upon
the wharf to which she is moored.
{Air spring}, {Boiling spring}, etc. See under {Air},
{Boiling}, etc.
{Spring back} (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of
thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the
inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a
book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank
book) spring up and lie flat.
{Spring balance}, a contrivance for measuring weight or force
by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel.
{Spring beam}, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box.
See {Paddle beam}, under {Paddle}, n.
{Spring beauty}.
(a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus {Claytonia}, delicate
herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty
blossoms, appearing in springtime.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) A small, elegant American butterfly
({Erora l[ae]ta}) which appears in spring. The hind
wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue;
those of the female are mostly blue.
{Spring bed}, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which
springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required
elasticity.
{Spring beetle} (Zo["o]l.), a snapping beetle; an elater.
{Spring box}, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of
mechanism, in which the spring is contained.
{Spring fly} (Zo["o]l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because
it appears in the spring.
{Spring grass} (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under {Vernal}.
{Spring gun}, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is
trodden upon or is otherwise moved.
{Spring hook} (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which
fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame.
{Spring latch}, a latch that fastens with a spring.
{Spring lock}, a lock that fastens with a spring.
{Spring mattress}, a spring bed.
{Spring of an arch} (Arch.) See {Springing line of an arch},
under {Springing}.
{Spring of pork}, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is
divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without
the shoulder. [Obs.] --Nares.
Sir, pray hand the spring of pork to me. --Gayton.
{Spring pin} (Locomotive Engines), an iron rod fitted between
the springs and the axle boxes, to sustain and regulate
the pressure on the axles.
{Spring rye}, a kind of rye sown in the spring; -- in
distinction from winter rye, sown in autumn.
{Spring stay} (Naut.), a preventer stay, to assist the
regular one. --R. H. Dana, Jr.
{Spring tide}, the tide which happens at, or soon after, the
new and the full moon, and which rises higher than common
tides. See {Tide}.
{Spring wagon}, a wagon in which springs are interposed
between the body and the axles to form elastic supports.
{Spring wheat}, any kind of wheat sown in the spring; -- in
distinction from winter wheat, which is sown in autumn.
Springal \Spring"al\, Springald \Spring"ald\, Springall
\Spring"all\, a. [Scot. springald, springel, fr. Scot. & E.
spring.]
An active, springly young man. [Obs.] ``There came two
springals of full tender years.'' --Spenser.
Joseph, when he was sold to Potiphar, that great man,
was a fair young springall. --Latimer.
Springal \Spring"al\, n. [OF. espringale; of Teutonic origin,
akin to E. spring.]
An ancient military engine for casting stones and arrows by
means of a spring.
Springboard \Spring"board`\, n.
An elastic board, secured at the ends, or at one end, often
by elastic supports, used in performing feats of agility or
in exercising.
Springbok \Spring"bok`\, Springbuck \Spring"buck`\, n. [D.
springbok; springen to spring, leap + bok a he-goat, buck.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A South African gazelle ({Gazella euchore}) noted for its
graceful form and swiftness, and for its peculiar habit of
springing lighty and suddenly into the air. It has a white
dorsal stripe, expanding into a broad patch of white on the
rump and tail. Called also {springer}. [Written also
{springboc}, and {springbock}.]
Springe \Springe\, n. [From {Spring}, v. i.: cf. G. sprenkel,
Prov. E. springle.]
A noose fastened to an elastic body, and drawn close with a
sudden spring, whereby it catches a bird or other animal; a
gin; a snare.
As a woodcock to mine own springe. --Shak.
Springe \Springe\, v. t.
To catch in a springe; to insnare. [R.]
Springe \Spring"e\ (? or ?), v. t. [OE. sprengen. See
{Sprinkle}.]
To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.]
He would sowen some difficulty, Or springen cockle in
our cleane corn. --Chaucer.
Springer \Spring"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, springs; specifically, one who
rouses game.
2. A young plant. [Obs.] --Evelyn.
3. (Arch.)
(a) The impost, or point at which an arch rests upon its
support, and from which it seems to spring. Hence:
(b) The bottom stone of an arch, which lies on the impost.
The skew back is one form of springer.
(c) The rib of a groined vault, as being the solid
abutment for each section of vaulting.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The grampus.
5. (Zo["o]l.) A variety of the field spaniel. See {Spaniel}.
6. (Zo["o]l.) A species of antelope; the sprinkbok.
Springhalt \Spring"halt`\, n. (Far.)
A kind of lameness in horse. See {Stringhalt}. --Shak.
Springhead \Spring"head`\, n.
A fountain or source.
Springiness \Spring"i*ness\, n.
The state or quality of being springly. --Boyle.
Springing \Spring"ing\, n.
1. The act or process of one who, or that which, springs.
2. Growth; increase; also, that which springs up; a shoot; a
plant.
Thou blessest the springing thereof. --Ps. lxv. 10.
{Springing line of an arch} (Arch.), the horizontal line
drawn through the junction of the vertical face of the
impost with the curve of the intrados; -- called also
{spring of an arch}.
Springle \Sprin"gle\, n.
A springe. [Prov. Eng.]
Springlet \Spring"let\, n.
A little spring.
But yet from out the little hill Oozes the slender
springlet still. --Sir W.
Scott.
Springtail \Spring"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of small apterous insects
belonging to the order {Thysanura}. They have two elastic
caudal stylets which can be bent under the abdomen and then
suddenly extended like a spring, thus enabling them to leap
to a considerable distance. See {Collembola}, and {Podura}.
Springtide \Spring"tide\, n.
The time of spring; springtime. --Thomson.
Springtime \Spring"time`\, n.
The season of spring; springtide.
Springy \Spring"y\, a. [Compar. {Springier}; superl.
{Springiest}.] [From {Spring}.]
1. Resembling, having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a
spring; elastic; as, springy steel; a springy step.
Though her little frame was slight, it was firm and
springy. --Sir W.
Scott.
2. Abounding with springs or fountains; wet; spongy; as,
springy land.
Sprinkle \Sprin"kle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sprinkled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sprinkling}.] [OE. sprenkelen, freq. of sprengen to
sprinkle, to scatter, AS. sprengan, properly, to make to
spring, causative of springan to spring; akin to D.
sprenkelen to sprinkle, G. sprengen. See {Spring}, v. i., and
cf. {Sprent}.]
1. To scatter in small drops or particles, as water, seed,
etc.
2. To scatter on; to disperse something over in small drops
or particles; to besprinkle; as, to sprinkle the earth
with water; to sprinkle a floor with sand.
3. To baptize by the application of a few drops, or a small
quantity, of water; hence, to cleanse; to purify.
Having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience.
--Heb. x. 22.
Sprinkle \Sprin"kle\, v. i.
1. To scatter a liquid, or any fine substance, so that it may
fall in particles.
And the priest shall . . . sprinkle of the oil with
his finger seven times before the Lord. --Lev. xiv.
16.
2. To rain moderately, or with scattered drops falling now
and then; as, it sprinkles.
3. To fly or be scattered in small drops or particles.
Sprinkle \Sprin"kle\, n.
1. A small quantity scattered, or sparsely distributed; a
sprinkling.
2. A utensil for sprinkling; a sprinkler. [Obs.]
Sprinkler \Sprin"kler\, n.
1. One who sprinkles.
2. An instrument or vessel used in sprinkling; specifically,
a watering pot.
Sprinkling \Sprin"kling\, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, sprinkles.
Baptism may well enough be performed by sprinkling
or effusion of water. --Ayliffe.
2. A small quantity falling in distinct drops or particles;
as, a sprinkling of rain or snow.
3. Hence, a moderate number or quantity distributed like
drops. --Craik.
Sprint \Sprint\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sprinted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sprinting}.] [Cf. {Sprunt}.]
To run very rapidly; to run at full speed.
A runner [in a quarter-mile race] should be able to
sprint the whole way. --Encyc. Brit.
Sprint \Sprint\, n.
The act of sprinting; a run of a short distance at full
speed.
{Sprint race}, a foot race at the highest running speed; --
usually limited to distance under a quarter of a mile.
Sprinter \Sprint"er\, n.
One who sprints; one who runs in sprint races; as, a champion
sprinter.
Sprit \Sprit\, v. t. [Akin to G. spritzen, spr["u]tzen. See
{Sprit}, v. i.]
To throw out with force from a narrow orifice; to eject; to
spurt out. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Sprit \Sprit\, v. i. [AS. spryttan to sprout, but. See {Sprout},
v. i., and cf. {Spurt}, v. t., Sprit a spar.]
To sprout; to bud; to germinate, as barley steeped for malt.
Sprit \Sprit\, n.
A shoot; a sprout. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Sprit \Sprit\, n. [OE. spret, AS. spre['o]t a sprit; spear; akin
to D. spriet, and E. sprout, sprit, v.t. & i. See {Sprout},
v. i.] (Naut.)
A small boom, pole, or spar, which crosses the sail of a boat
diagonally from the mast to the upper aftmost corner, which
it is used to extend and elevate.
Sprite \Sprite\, n. [OE. sprit, F. esprit, fr. L. spiritus. See
{Spirit}, and cf. {Sprightly}.]
1. A spirit; a soul; a shade; also, an apparition. See
{Spright}.
Gaping graves received the wandering, guilty sprite.
--Dryden.
2. An elf; a fairy; a goblin.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The green woodpecker, or yaffle.
Spriteful \Sprite"ful\, a. Spritefully \Sprite"ful*ly\, adv.,
Spriteliness \Sprite"li*ness\, n., Spritely \Sprite"ly\, a.,
etc.
See {Sprightful}, {Sprightfully}, {Sprightliness},
{Sprightly}, etc.
Spritsail \Sprit"sail\ (? or ?), n. (Naut.)
(a) A sail extended by a sprit.
(b) A sail formerly hung under the bowsprit, from the
spritsail yard.
Sprocket wheel \Sprock"et wheel`\ [Etymology of sprocket is
uncertain.] (Mach.)
Same as {Chain wheel}.
Sprod \Sprod\, n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zo["o]l.)
A salmon in its second year. [Prov. Eng.]
Sprong \Sprong\, obs.
imp. of {Spring}. Sprung.
Sprout \Sprout\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sprouted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sprouting}.] [OE. sprouten, spruten; akin to OFries. spr?ta,
AS. spre['o]tan, D. spruiten, G. spriessen, Sw. spruta to
squirt, to spout. Cf. {Sprit}, v. t. & i., {Sprit} a spar,
{Spout}, v. t., {Spurt}.]
1. To shoot, as the seed of a plant; to germinate; to push
out new shoots; hence, to grow like shoots of plants.
2. To shoot into ramifications. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Sprout \Sprout\, v. t.
1. To cause to sprout; as, the rain will sprout the seed.
2. To deprive of sprouts; as, to sprout potatoes.
Sprout \Sprout\, n. [Cf. AS. sprote a sprout, sprig; akin to
Icel. sproti, G. sprosse. See {Sprout}, v. i.]
1. The shoot of a plant; a shoot from the seed, from the
stump, or from the root or tuber, of a plant or tree; more
rarely, a shoot from the stem of a plant, or the end of a
branch.
2. pl. Young coleworts; Brussels sprouts. --Johnson.
{Brussels sprouts} (Bot.) See under {Brussels}.
Spruce \Spruce\, n. [OE. Spruce or Pruse, Prussia, Prussian. So
named because it was first known as a native of Prussia, or
because its sprouts were used for making, spruce beer. Cf.
Spruce beer, below, {Spruce}, a.]
1. (Bot.) Any coniferous tree of the genus {Picea}, as the
Norway spruce ({P. excelsa}), and the white and black
spruces of America ({P. alba} and {P. nigra}), besides
several others in the far Northwest. See {Picea}.
2. The wood or timber of the spruce tree.
3. Prussia leather; pruce. [Obs.]
Spruce, a sort of leather corruptly so called for
Prussia leather. --E. Phillips.
{Douglas spruce} (Bot.), a valuable timber tree ({Pseudotsuga
Douglasii}) of Northwestern America.
{Essence of spruce}, a thick, dark-colored, bitterish, and
acidulous liquid made by evaporating a decoction of the
young branches of spruce.
{Hemlock spruce} (Bot.), a graceful coniferous tree ({Tsuga
Canadensis}) of North America. Its timber is valuable, and
the bark is largely used in tanning leather.
{Spruce beer}. [G. sprossenbier; sprosse sprout, shoot (akin
to E. sprout, n.) + bier beer. The word was changed into
spruce because the beer came from Prussia (OE. Spruce), or
because it was made from the sprouts of the spruce. See
{Sprout}, n., {Beer}, and cf. {Spruce}, n.] A kind of beer
which is tinctured or flavored with spruce, either by
means of the extract or by decoction.
{Spruce grouse}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Spruce partridge},
below.
{Spruce leather}. See {Spruce}, n., 3.
{Spruce partridge} (Zo["o]l.), a handsome American grouse
({Dendragapus Canadensis}) found in Canada and the
Northern United States; -- called also {Canada grouse}.
Spruce \Spruce\, a. [Compar. {Sprucer}; superl. {Sprucest}]
[Perhaps fr. spruce a sort of leather from Prussia, which was
an article of finery. See {Spruce}, n.]
1. Neat, without elegance or dignity; -- formerly applied to
things with a serious meaning; now chiefly applied to
persons. ``Neat and spruce array.'' --Remedy of Love.
2. Sprightly; dashing. [Obs.] ``Now, my spruce companions.''
--Shak.
He is so spruce that he can never be genteel.
--Tatler.
Syn: Finical; neat; trim. See {Finical}. -- {Sruce"ly}, adv.
-- {Spruce"ness}, n.
Spruce \Spruce\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spruced}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sprucing}.]
To dress with affected neatness; to trim; to make spruce.
Spruce \Spruce\, v. i.
To dress one's self with affected neatness; as, to spruce up.
Sprue \Sprue\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. (Founding)
(a) Strictly, the hole through which melted metal is
poured into the gate, and thence into the mold.
(b) The waste piece of metal cast in this hole; hence,
dross.
2. (Med.) Same as {Sprew}.
Sprug \Sprug\, v. t. [Cf. Prov. E. sprug up to dress neatly,
sprag to prop, a., lively.]
To make smart. [Obs.]
Sprung \Sprung\,
imp. & p. p. of {Spring}.
Sprung \Sprung\, a. (Naut.)
Said of a spar that has been cracked or strained.
Sprunt \Sprunt\, v. i. [Cf. {Sprout}, v. i.]
To spring up; to germinate; to spring forward or outward.
[Obs.]
{To sprunt up}, to draw one's self up suddenly, as in anger
or defiance; to bristle up. [Local, U.S.]
Sprunt \Sprunt\, n.
1. Anything short and stiff. [Obs.]
2. A leap; a spring. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
3. A steep ascent in a road. [Prov. Eng.]
Sprunt \Sprunt\, a.
Active; lively; vigorous. [Obs.] --Kersey.
Spruntly \Sprunt"ly\, adv.
In a sprunt manner; smartly; vigorously; youthfully. [Obs.]
--B. Jonson.
Spry \Spry\, a. [Compar. {Sprier} or {Spryer}; superl. {Spriest}
or {Spryest}.] [Cf. dial. Sw. sprygg lively, skittish, and E.
sprag.]
Having great power of leaping or running; nimble; active.
[U.S. & Local Eng.]
She is as spry as a cricket. --S. Judd
(Margaret).
If I'm not so large as you, You are not so small as I,
And not half so spry. --Emerson.
Spud \Spud\, n. [Cf. Dan. spyd a spear.]
1. A sharp, narrow spade, usually with a long handle, used by
farmers for digging up large-rooted weeds; a similarly
shaped implement used for various purposes.
My spud these nettles from the stone can part.
--Swyft.
2. A dagger. [Obs.] --olland.
3. Anything short and thick; specifically, a piece of dough
boiled in fat. [Local, U.S.]
Spue \Spue\, v. t. & i.
See {Spew}.
Spuilzie \Spuil"zie\, n.
See {Spulzie}.
Spuke \Spuke\, n.
See {Spook}.
Spuller \Spul"ler\, n. [For {spooler}.] [See {Spool}.]
One employed to inspect yarn, to see that it is well spun,
and fit for the loom. [Prov. Eng.]
Spulzie \Spul"zie\, n. [Cf. {Spoil}.]
Plunder, or booty. [Written also {spuilzie}, and {spulye}.]
--Sir W. Scott.
Spume \Spume\, n. [L. spuma. Cf. {Pumice}, {Spoom}.]
Frothy matter raised on liquids by boiling, effervescence, or
agitation; froth; foam; scum.
Materials dark and crude, Of spiritous and fiery spume.
--Milton.
Spume \Spume\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Spumed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spuming}.] [L. spumare.]
To froth; to foam.
Spumeous \Spume"ous\, a.
Spumous. [Obs.] --r. H. More.
Spumescence \Spu*mes"cence\, n. [See {Spumescent}.]
The state of being foamy; frothiness.
Spumescent \Spu*mes"cent\, a. [L. spumescens, p. pr. of
spumescere to grow foamy, from spuma foam.]
Resembling froth or foam; foaming.
Spumid \Spum"id\, a. [L. spumidis.]
Spumous; frothy. [Obs.]
Spumiferous \Spu*mif"er*ous\, a. [L. spumifier; spuma foam +
ferra bear.]
Producing foam.
Spuminess \Spum"i*ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being spumy; spumescence.
Spumous \Spum"ous\, Spumy \Spum"y\, a. [L. spumosus, ? spuma
foam: cf. F. spumeux.]
Consisting of, containing, or covered with, froth, scum, or
foam; frothy; foamy.
The spumous and florid state of the blood. --Arbuthnot.
The spumy waves proclaim the watery war. --Dryden.
Spun \Spun\,
imp. & p. p. of {Spin}.
{Spun hay}, hay twisted into ropes for convenient carriage,
as on a military expedition.
{Spun silk}, a cheap article produced from floss, or
short-fibered, broken, and waste silk, carded and spun, in
distinction from the long filaments wound from the cocoon.
It is often mixed with cotton.
{Spun yarn} (Naut.), a line formed of two or more rope-yarns
loosely twisted.
Spunge \Spunge\ (sp[u^]nj), n.
A sponge. [Obs.]
Spunk \Spunk\ (sp[u^][ng]k), n. [Gael. spong, or Ir. sponc,
tinder, sponge; cf. AS. sponge a sponge (L. spongia), sp[=o]n
a chip. Cf. {Sponge}, {Punk}.] [Written also {sponk}.]
1. Wood that readily takes fire; touchwood; also, a kind of
tinder made from a species of fungus; punk; amadou. --Sir
T. Browne.
2. An inflammable temper; spirit; mettle; pluck; as, a man of
spunk. [Colloq.]
A lawless and dangerous set, men of spunk, and
spirit, and power, both of mind and body. --Prof.
Wilson.
Spunky \Spunk"y\, a. [Compar. {Spunkier}; superl. {Spunkiest}.]
Full of spunk; quick; spirited. [Colloq.]
Spur \Spur\, n. [See {Sparrow}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A sparrow. [Scot.]
(b) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]
Spur \Spur\, n. [OE. spure, AS. spura, spora; akin to D. spoor,
G. sporn, OHG. sporo, Icel. spori, Dan. spore, Sw. sporre,
and to AS. spor a trace, footstep, spyrian to trace, track,
examine, and E. spurn. [root]171. Cf. {Sparrow}, {Spere},
{Spoor}, {Spurn}.]
1. An implement secured to the heel, or above the heel, of a
horseman, to urge the horse by its pressure. Modern spurs
have a small wheel, or rowel, with short points. Spurs
were the badge of knighthood.
And on her feet a pair of spurs large. --Chaucer.
2. That which goads to action; an incitement.
Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise
(That last infirmity of noble mind) To scorn
delights and live laborious days. --Milton.
3. Something that projects; a snag.
4. One of the large or principal roots of a tree. --Shak.
5. (Zo["o]l.) Any stiff, sharp spine, as on the wings and
legs of certain burds, on the legs of insects, etc.;
especially, the spine on a cock's leg.
6. A mountain that shoots from any other mountain, or range
of mountains, and extends to some distance in a lateral
direction, or at right angles.
7. A spiked iron worn by seamen upon the bottom of the boot,
to enable them to stand upon the carcass of a whale, to
strip off the blubber.
8. (Carp.) A brace strengthening a post and some connected
part, as a rafter or crossbeam; a strut.
9. (Arch.)
(a) The short wooden buttress of a post.
(b) A projection from the round base of a column,
occupying the angle of a square plinth upon which the
base rests, or bringing the bottom bed of the base to
a nearly square form. It is generally carved in
leafage.
10. (Bot.)
(a) Any projecting appendage of a flower looking like a
spur. --Gray.
(b) Ergotized rye or other grain. [R.]
11. (Fort.) A wall that crosses a part of a rampart and joins
to an inner wall.
12. (Shipbuilding)
(a) A piece of timber fixed on the bilge ways before
launching, having the upper ends bolted to the
vessel's side.
(b) A curved piece of timber serving as a half to support
the deck where a whole beam can not be placed.
{Spur fowl} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of Asiatic
gallinaceous birds of the genus {Galloperdix}, allied to
the jungle fowl. The males have two or more spurs on each
leg.
{Spur gear} (Mach.), a cogwheel having teeth which project
radially and stand parallel to the axis; a spur wheel.
{Spur gearing}, gearing in which spur gears are used. See
under {Gearing}.
{Spur pepper}. (Bot.) See the Note under {Capsicum}.
{Spur wheel}. Same as {Spur gear}, above.
Spur \Spur\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spurred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spurring}.]
1. To prick with spurs; to incite to a more hasty pace; to
urge or goad; as, to spur a horse.
2. To urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous
pursuit of an object; to incite; to stimulate; to
instigate; to impel; to drive.
Love will not be spurred to what it loathes. --Shak.
3. To put spurs on; as, a spurred boot.
Spur \Spur\, v. i.
To spur on one' horse; to travel with great expedition; to
hasten; hence, to press forward in any pursuit. ``Now spurs
the lated traveler.'' --Shak.
The Parthians shall be there, And, spurring from the
fight, confess their fear. --Dryden.
The roads leading to the capital were covered with
multitudes of yeomen, spurring hard to Westminster.
--Macaulay.
Some bold men, . . . by spurring on, refine themselves.
--Grew.
Spurgall \Spur"gall`\, n.
A place galled or excoriated by much using of the spur.
Spurgall \Spur"gall`\, v. t.
To gall or wound with a spur.
Spurge \Spurge\, v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To emit foam; to froth; -- said of the emission of yeast from
beer in course of fermentation. [Obs.] --W. Cartright.
Spurge \Spurge\, n. [OF. espurge, F. ['e]purge, from OF.
espurgier to purge, L. expurgare. See {Expurgate}, {Purge}.]
(Bot.)
Any plant of the genus Euphorbia. See {Euphorbia}.
{Spurge flax}, an evergreen shrub ({Daphne Gnidium}) with
crowded narrow leaves. It is native of Southern Europe.
{Spurge laurel}, a European shrub ({Daphne Laureola}) with
oblong evergreen leaves.
{Spurge nettle}. See under {Nettle}.
{Spurge olive}, an evergreen shrub ({Daphne oleoides}) found
in the Mediterranean region.
Spurgewort \Spurge"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
Any euphorbiaceous plant. --Lindley.
Spurging \Spur"ging\, n. [See 2d {Spurge}.]
A purging. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Spurious \Spu"ri*ous\, a. [L. spurius.]
1. Not proceeding from the true source, or from the source
pretended; not genuine; false; adulterate.
2. Not legitimate; bastard; as, spurious issue. ``Her
spurious firstborn.'' --Milton.
{Spurious primary}, or {Spurious quill} (Zo["o]l.), the
first, or outer, primary quill when rudimentary or much
reduced in size, as in certain singing birds.
{Spurious wing} (Zo["o]l.), the bastard wing, or alula.
Syn: Counterfeit; false; adulterate; supposititious;
fictitious; bastard. -- {Spu"ri*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Spu"ri*ous*ness}, n.
Spurless \Spur"less\, a.
Having no spurs.
Spurling \Spur"ling\, n. [See {Sparling}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A tern. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Tusser.
Spurling-line \Spur"ling-line`\, n. [Cf. Prov. E. spurling the
rut of a wheel, a cart rut, AS. spor a track, trace, E.
spoor. Scot. spurl to sprawl.] (Naut.)
The line which forms the communication between the steering
wheel and the telltale.
Spurn \Spurn\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spurned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spurning}.] [OE. spurnen to kick against, to stumble over,
AS. spurnan to kick, offend; akin to spura spur, OS. & OHG.
spurnan to kick, Icel. spyrna, L. spernere to despise, Skr.
sphur to jerk, to push. [root]171. See {Spur}.]
1. To drive back or away, as with the foot; to kick.
[The bird] with his foot will spurn adown his cup.
--Chaucer.
I spurn thee like a cur out of my way. --Shak.
2. To reject with disdain; to scorn to receive or accept; to
treat with contempt.
What safe and nicely I might well delay By rule of
knighthood, I disdain and spurn. --Shak.
Domestics will pay a more cheerful service when they
find themselves not spurned because fortune has laid
them at their master's feet. --Locke.
Spurn \Spurn\, v. i.
1. To kick or toss up the heels.
The miller spurned at a stone. --Chaucer.
The drunken chairman in the kennel spurns. --Gay.
2. To manifest disdain in rejecting anything; to make
contemptuous opposition or resistance.
Nay, more, to spurn at your most royal image.
--Shak.
Spurn \Spurn\, n.
1. A kick; a blow with the foot. [R.]
What defence can properly be used in such a
despicable encounter as this but either the slap or
the spurn? --Milton.
2. Disdainful rejection; contemptuous tratment.
The insolence of office and the spurns That patient
merit of the unworthy takes. --Shak.
3. (Mining) A body of coal left to sustain an overhanding
mass.
Spurner \Spurn"er\, n.
One who spurns.
Spurn-water \Spurn"-wa`ter\, n. (Naut.)
A channel at the end of a deck to restrain the water.
Spurred \Spurred\, a.
1. Wearing spurs; furnished with a spur or spurs; having
shoots like spurs.
2. Affected with spur, or ergot; as, spurred rye.
{Spurred corolla} (Bot.), a corolla in which there are one or
more petals with a spur.
Spurrer \Spur"rer\, n.
One who spurs.
Spurrey \Spur"rey\, n. (Bot.)
See {Spurry}.
Spurrier \Spur"ri*er\, n.
One whose occupation is to make spurs. --B. Jonson. ``The
saddlers and spurriers would be ruined by thousands.''
--Macaulay.
Spur-royal \Spur"-roy`al\, n.
A gold coin, first made in the reign of Edward IV., having a
star on the reverse resembling the rowel of a spur. In the
reigns of Elizabeth and of James I., its value was fifteen
shillings. [Written also {spur-rial}, and {spur-ryal}.]
Spurry \Spur"ry\, n. [D. or OF. spurrie; cf. G. spergel, NL.
spergula.] (Bot.)
An annual herb ({Spergula arvensis}) with whorled filiform
leaves, sometimes grown in Europe for fodder. [Written also
{spurrey}.]
{Sand spurry} (Bot.), any low herb of the genus {Lepigonum},
mostly found in sandy places.
Spur-shell \Spur"-shell`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of handsome gastropod shells of
the genus {Trochus}, or {Imperator}. The shell is conical,
with the margin toothed somewhat like the rowel of a spur.
Spurt \Spurt\, v. i. [Written also spirt, and originally the
same word as sprit; OE. sprutten to sprout, AS. spryttan. See
{Sprit}, v. i., {Sprout}, v. i.]
To gush or issue suddenly or violently out in a stream, as
liquor from a cask; to rush from a confined place in a small
stream or jet; to spirt.
Thus the small jet, which hasty hands unlock, Spurts in
the gardener's eyes who turns the cock. --Pope.
Spurt \Spurt\, v. t.
To throw out, as a liquid, in a stream or jet; to drive or
force out with violence, as a liquid from a pipe or small
orifice; as, to spurt water from the mouth.
Sourt \Sourt\, n.
1. A sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a liquid, as of
water from a tube, orifice, or other confined place, or of
blood from a wound; a jet; a spirt.
2. A shoot; a bud. [Obs.] --Holland.
3. Fig.: A sudden outbreak; as, a spurt of jealousy.
{Spurt grass} (Bot.), a rush fit for basket work. --Dr.
Prior.
Spurt \Spurt\, n. [Cf. Icel. sprette a spurt, spring, run,
spretta to sprit, spring.]
A sudden and energetic effort, as in an emergency; an
increased exertion for a brief space.
The long, steady sweep of the so-called ``paddle''
tried him almost as much as the breathless strain of
the spurt. --T. Hughes.
Spurt \Spurt\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Spurted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spurting}.]
To make a sudden and violent exertion, as in an emergency.
Spurtle \Spur"tle\, v. t. [Freq. of spurt.]
To spurt or shoot in a scattering manner. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Spurway \Spur"way`\, n. [Prov. E. spoor a track, trace (AS.
spor) + way.]
A bridle path. [R.]
Spur-winged \Spur"-winged`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having one or more spurs on the bend of the wings.
{Spur-winged goose} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
long-legged African geese of the genus {Plectropterus} and
allied genera, having a strong spur on the bend of the
wing, as the Gambo goose ({P. Gambensis}) and the
Egyptian, or Nile, goose ({Alopochen [AE]gyptiaca}).
{Spur-winged plover} (Zo["o]l.), an Old World plover
({Hoplopterus spinosus}) having a sharp spur on the bend
of the wing. It inhabits Northern Africa and the adjacent
parts of Asia and Europe.
Sput \Sput\, n. (Steam Boiler)
An annular re["e]nforce, to strengthen a place where a hole
is made.
Sputation \Spu*ta"tion\, n. [L. sputare to spit, v. intens. fr.
spuere to spit: cf. F. sputation.]
The act of spitting; expectoration. --Harvey.
Sputative \Spu"ta*tive\, a.
Inclined to spit; spitting much. --Sir H. Wotton.
Spute \Spute\, v. t. [Abbrev. from dispute.]
To dispute; to discuss. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
Sputter \Sput"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sputtered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sputtering}.] [From the root of spout or spit to
eject from the mputh. Cf. {Splutter}.]
1. To spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small,
scattered portions, as in rapid speaking.
2. To utter words hastily and indistinctly; to speak so
rapidly as to emit saliva.
They could neither of them speak their rage, and so
fell a sputtering at one another, like two roasting
apples. --Congreve.
3. To throw out anything, as little jets of steam, with a
noise like that made by one sputtering.
Like the green wood . . . sputtering in the flame.
--Dryden.
Sputter \Sput"ter\, v. t.
To spit out hastily by quick, successive efforts, with a
spluttering sound; to utter hastily and confusedly, without
control over the organs of speech.
In the midst of caresses, and without the last pretend
incitement, to sputter out the basest accusations.
--Swift.
Sputter \Sput"ter\, n.
Moist matter thrown out in small detached particles; also,
confused and hasty speech.
Sputterer \Sput"ter*er\, n.
One who sputters.
Sputum \Spu"tum\, n.; pl. {Sputa}. [L., from spuere, sputum, to
spit.]
That which is expectorated; a salival discharge; spittle;
saliva.
Spy \Spy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Spied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Spying}.] [OE. spien, espien, OF. espier, F. ['e]pier, OHG.
speh?n, G. sp["a]hen; akin to L. specere to see, Skr. spa(?).
? 169. Cf. {Espy}, v.t., {Aspect}, {Auspice}, {Circumspect},
{Conspicuouc}, {Despise}, {Frontispiece}, {Inspect},
{Prospect}, {Respite}, {Scope}, {Scecimen}, {Spectacle},
{Specter}, {Speculate}, {Spice}, {Spite}, {Suspicion}.]
To gain sight of; to discover at a distance, or in a state of
concealment; to espy; to see.
One in reading, skipped over all sentences where he
spied a note of admiration. --Swift.
2. To discover by close search or examination.
Look about with yout eyes; spy what things are to be
reformed in the church of England. --Latimer.
3. To explore; to view; inspect; and examine secretly, as a
country; -- usually with out.
Moses sent to spy Jaazer, and they took the villages
thereof. --Num. xxi.
32.
Spy \Spy\, v. i.
To search narrowly; to scrutinize.
It is my nature's plague To spy into abuses. --Shak.
Spy \Spy\, n.; pl. {Spies}. [See {Spy}, v., and cf. {Espy}, n.]
1. One who keeps a constant watch of the conduct of others.
``These wretched spies of wit.'' --Dryden.
2. (Mil.) A person sent secretly into an enemy's camp,
territory, or fortifications, to inspect his works,
ascertain his strength, movements, or designs, and to
communicate such intelligence to the proper officer.
{Spy money}, money paid to a spy; the reward for private or
secret intelligence regarding the enemy.
{Spy Wednesday} (Eccl.), the Wednesday immediately preceding
the festival of Easter; -- so called in allusion to the
betrayal of Christ by Judas Iscariot.
Syn: See {Emissary}, and {Scout}.
Spyboat \Spy"boat`\, n.
A boat sent to make discoveries and bring intelligence.
--Arbuthnot.
Spyglass \Spy"glass\, n.
A small telescope for viewing distant terrestrial objects.
Spyism \Spy"ism\, n.
Act or business of spying. [R.]
Spynace \Spy"nace\ (?; 48), Spyne \Spyne\, n. (Naut.)
See {Pinnace}, n., 1
(a) .
Squab \Squab\, a. [Cf. dial. Sw. sqvabb a soft and fat body,
sqvabba a fat woman, Icel. kvap jelly, jellylike things, and
and E. quab.]
1. Fat; thick; plump; bulky.
Nor the squab daughter nor the wife were nice.
--Betterton.
2. Unfledged; unfeathered; as, a squab pigeon. --King.
Squab \Squab\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) A neatling of a pigeon or other similar bird,
esp. when very fat and not fully fledged.
2. A person of a short, fat figure.
Gorgonious sits abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab
upon a Chinese fan. --Cowper.
3. A thickly stuffed cushion; especially, one used for the
seat of a sofa, couch, or chair; also, a sofa.
Punching the squab of chairs and sofas. --Dickens.
On her large squab you find her spread. --Pope.
Squab \Squab\, adv. [Cf. dial. Sw. squapp, a word imitative of a
splash, and E. squab fat, unfledged.]
With a heavy fall; plump. [Vulgar]
The eagle took the tortoise up into the air, and
dropped him down, squab, upon a rock. --L'Estrange.
Squab \Squab\, v. i.
To fall plump; to strike at one dash, or with a heavy stroke.
[Obs.]
Squabash \Squa*bash"\, v. t.
To crush; to quash; to squash. [Colloq. or Slang, Scot.]
--Sir W. Scott.
Squabbish \Squab"bish\, a.
Thick; fat; heavy.
Squabble \Squab"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Squabbled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Squabbling}.] [Cf. dial. Sw. skvabbel a dispute,
skvappa to chide.]
1. To contend for superiority in an unseemly maner; to
scuffle; to struggle; to wrangle; to quarrel.
2. To debate peevishly; to dispute.
The sense of these propositions is very plain,
though logicians might squabble a whole day whether
they should rank them under negative or affirmative.
--I. Watts.
Syn: To dispute; contend; scuffle; wrangle; quarrel;
struggle.
Squabble \Squab"ble\, v. t. (Print.)
To disarrange, so that the letters or lines stand awry or are
mixed and need careful readjustment; -- said of type that has
been set up.
Squabble \Squab"ble\, n.
A scuffle; a wrangle; a brawl.
Squabbler \Squab"bler\, n.
One who squabbles; a contentious person; a brawler.
Squabby \Squab"by\, a.
Short and thick; suqabbish.
Squab-chick \Squab"-chick`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A young chicken before it is fully fledged. [Prov. Eng.]
Squacco \Squac"co\, n.; pl. {Squaccos}. (Zo["o]l.)
A heron ({Ardea comata}) found in Asia, Northern Africa, and
Southern Europe.
Squad \Squad\, n. [F. escouade, fr. Sp. escuadra, or It.
squadra, (assumed) LL. exquadrare to square; L. ex + quadra a
square. See {Square}.]
1. (Mil.) A small party of men assembled for drill,
inspection, or other purposes.
2. Hence, any small party.
Squad \Squad\, n.
Sloppy mud. [Prov. Eng.] --Tennyson.
Squadron \Squad"ron\, n. [F. escadron, formerly also esquadron,
or It. squadrone. See {Squad}.]
1. Primarily, a square; hence, a square body of troops; a
body of troops drawn up in a square. [R.]
Those half-rounding quards Just met, and, closing,
stood in squadron joined. --Milton.
2. (Mil.) A body of cavarly comparising two companies or
troops, and averging from one hundred and twenty to two
hundred men.
3. (Naut.) A detachment of vessels employed on any particular
service or station, under the command of the senior
officer; as, the North Atlantic Squadron. --Totten.
{Flying squadron}, a squadron of observation or practice,
that cruises rapidly about from place to place. --Ham.
Nav. Encyc.
Squadroned \Squad"roned\, a.
Formed into squadrons, or squares. [R.] --Milton.
Squail \Squail\, v. i.
To throw sticls at cocks; to throw anything about awkwardly
or irregularly. [Prov. Eng.] --Southey.
Squaimous \Squai"mous\, a.
Squeamish. [Obs.]
Squali \Squa"li\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. squalus a kind of sea
fish.] (Zo["o]l.)
The suborder of elasmobranch fishes which comprises the
sharks.
Squalid \Squal"id\, a. [L. squalidus, fr. squalere to be foul or
filthy.]
Dirty through neglect; foul; filthy; extremely dirty.
Uncomed his locks, and squalid his attrie. --Dryden.
Those squalid dens, which are the reproach of large
capitals. --Macaulay.
Squalidity \Squa*lid"i*ty\, n. [L. squaliditas.]
The quality or state of being squalid; foulness; filthiness.
Squalidly \Squal"id*ly\, adv.
In a squalid manner.
Squalidness \Squal"id*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being squalid.
Squall \Squall\, n. [Cf. Sw. sqval an impetuous running of
water, sqvalregn a violent shower of rain, sqala to stream,
to gush.]
A sudden violent gust of wind often attended with rain or
snow.
The gray skirts of a lifting squall. --Tennyson.
{Black squall}, a squall attended with dark, heavy clouds.
{Thick squall}, a black squall accompanied by rain, hail,
sleet, or snow. --Totten.
{White squall}, a squall which comes unexpectedly, without
being marked in its approach by the clouds. --Totten.
Squall \Squall\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Squalled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squalling}.] [Icel. skvala. Cf. {Squeal}.]
To cry out; to scream or cry violently, as a woman
frightened, or a child in anger or distress; as, the infant
squalled.
Squall \Squall\, n.
A loud scream; a harsh cry.
There oft are heard the notes of infant woe, - The
short, thick sob, loud scream, and shriller squall.
--Pope.
Squaller \Squall"er\, n.
One who squalls; a screamer.
Squally \Squall"y\, a.
1. Abounding with squalls; disturbed often with sudden and
violent gusts of wind; gusty; as, squally weather.
2. (Agric.) Interrupted by unproductive spots; -- said of a
flied of turnips or grain. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
3. (Weaving) Not equally good throughout; not uniform;
uneven; faulty; -- said of cloth.
Squalodon \Squa"lo*don\, n. [NL. Squalus a genus of sharks + Gr.
?, ?, a tooth.] (Paleon.)
A genus of fossil whales belonging to the Phocodontia; -- so
called because their are serrated, like a shark's.
Squalodont \Squa"lo*dont\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to Squalodon.
Squaloid \Squa"loid\, a. [NL. Squalus a genus of sharks (fr. L.
squalus a kind of sea fish) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to a shark or sharks.
Squalor \Squa"lor\, n. [L., fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.]
Squalidness; foulness; filthness; squalidity.
The heterogenous indigent multitude, everywhere wearing
nearly the same aspect of squalor. --Taylor.
To bring this sort of squalor among the upper classes.
--Dickens.
Squama \Squa"ma\, n.; pl. {Squam[ae]}. [L. a scale.] (Med.)
A scale cast off from the skin; a thin dry shred consisting
of epithelium.
Squamaceous \Squa*ma"ceous\, a.
Squamose.
Squamata \Squa*ma"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. squamatus scaly.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A division of edentates having the body covered with large,
imbricated horny scales. It includes the pangolins.
Squamate \Squa"mate\, Squamated \Squa"ma*ted\, a. [L.
squamatus.]
Same as {Squamose}.
Squamduck \Squam"duck`\ (Zo["o]l.)
The American eider duck. [Local, U.S.]
Squame \Squame\, n. [L. squama scale.]
1. A scale. [Obs.] ``iron squames.'' --Chaucer.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The scale, or exopodite, of an antenna of a
crustacean.
Squamella \Squa*mel"la\, n.; pl. {Squamell[ae]}. [NL., dim. fr.
L. squama a scale.] (Bot.)
A diminutive scale or bractlet, such as those found on the
receptacle in many composite plants; a palea.
Squamellate \Squa*mel"late\, a.
Furnished or covered with little scales; squamulose.
Squamiform \Squa"mi*form\, a.[L. squama a scale + -form.]
Having the shape of a scale.
Squamigerous \Squa*mig"er*ous\, a. [L. squamiger; squama a scale
+ gerere to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
Bearing scales.
Squamipen \Squam"i*pen\ (? or ?), n.;pl. {Squamipennes}. [L.
squama a scale + penna a fin: cf. F. squamipenne.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of a group of fishes having the dorsal and anal fins
partially covered with scales.
Note: They are compressed and mostly, bright-colored tropical
fishes, belonging to {Ch[ae]todon} and allied genera.
Many of them are called {soral fishes}, and {angel
fishes}.
Squamoid \Squa"moid\, a. [L. squama scale + -oid.]
Resembling a scale; also, covered with scales; scaly.
Squamosal \Squa*mo"sal\, a. (Anat.)
(a) Scalelike; squamous; as, the squamosal bone.
(b) Of or pertaining to the squamosal bone. -- n. The
squamous part of the temporal bone, or a bone
correspondending to it, under {Temporal}.
Squamose \Squa*mose"\ (? or ?), Squamous \Squa"mous\, [L.
squamosus, fr. squama a scale: cf. F. squameux.]
1. Covered with, or consisting of, scales; resembling a
scale; scaly; as, the squamose cones of the pine; squamous
epithelial cells; the squamous portion of the temporal
bone, which is so called from a fancied resemblance to a
scale.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the squamosal bone; squamosal.
Squamozygomatic \Squa`mo*zyg`o*mat"ic\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to both the squamosal and zygomatic bones;
-- applied to a bone, or a center of ossification, in some
fetal skulls. -- n. A squamozygomatic bone.
Squamula \Squam"u*la\ (? or ?), n.; pl. {Squamul[ae]}. [L., dim.
of squama a scale.] (Bot.)
One of the little hypogynous scales found in the flowers of
grasses; a lodicule.
Squamulate \Squam"u*late\, a.
Same as {Squamulose}.
Squamule \Squam"ule\, n. (Bot.)
Same as {Squamula}.
Squamulose \Squam"u*lose`\ (?; 277), a.
Having little scales; squamellate; squamulate.
Squander \Squan"der\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Squandered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Squandering}.] [Cf. Scot. squatter to splash water
about, to scatter, to squander, Prov. E. swatter, Dan.
sqvatte, Sw. sqv["a]tta to squirt, sqv["a]ttra to squander,
Icel. skvetta to squirt out, to throw out water.]
1. To scatter; to disperse. [Obs.]
Our squandered troops he rallies. --Dryden.
2. To spend lavishly or profusely; to spend prodigally or
wastefully; to use without economy or judgment; to
dissipate; as, to squander an estate.
The crime of squandering health is equal to the
folly. --Rambler.
Syn: To spend; expend; waste; scatter; dissipate.
Squander \Squan"der\, v. i.
1. To spend lavishly; to be wasteful.
They often squandered, but they never gave.
--Savage.
2. To wander at random; to scatter. [R.]
The wise man's folly is anatomized Even by
squandering glances of the fool. --Shak.
Squander \Squan"der\, n.
The act of squandering; waste.
Squanderer \Squan"der*er\, n.
One who squanders.
Squanderingly \Squan"der*ing*ly\, adv.
In a squandering manner.
Square \Square\, n. [OF. esquarre, esquierre, F. ['e]querre a
carpenter's square (cf. It. squadra), fr. (assumed) LL.
exquadrare to make square; L. ex + quadrus a square, fr.
quattuor four. See {Four}, and cf. {Quadrant}, {Squad},
{Squer} a square.]
1. (Geom.)
(a) The corner, or angle, of a figure. [Obs.]
(b) A parallelogram having four equal sides and four right
angles.
2. Hence, anything which is square, or nearly so; as:
(a) A square piece or fragment.
He bolted his food down his capacious throat in
squares of three inches. --Sir W.
Scott.
(b) A pane of glass.
(c) (Print.) A certain number of lines, forming a portion
of a column, nearly square; -- used chiefly in
reckoning the prices of advertisements in newspapers.
(d) (Carp.) One hundred superficial feet.
3. An area of four sides, generally with houses on each side;
sometimes, a solid block of houses; also, an open place or
area for public use, as at the meeting or intersection of
two or more streets.
The statue of Alexander VII. stands in the large
square of the town. --Addison.
4. (Mech. & Joinery) An instrument having at least one right
angle and two or more straight edges, used to lay out or
test square work. It is of several forms, as the T square,
the carpenter's square, the try-square., etc.
5. Hence, a pattern or rule. [Obs.]
6. (Arith. & Alg.) The product of a number or quantity
multiplied by itself; thus, 64 is the square of 8, for 8
[times] 8 = 64; the square of a + b is a^{2} + 2ab +
b^{2}.
7. Exact proportion; justness of workmanship and conduct;
regularity; rule. [Obs.]
They of Galatia [were] much more out of square.
--Hooker.
I have not kept my square. --Shak.
8. (Mil.) A body of troops formed in a square, esp. one
formed to resist a charge of cavalry; a squadron. ``The
brave squares of war.'' --Shak.
9. Fig.: The relation of harmony, or exact agreement;
equality; level.
We live not on the square with such as these.
--Dryden.
10. (Astrol.) The position of planets distant ninety degrees
from each other; a quadrate. [Obs.]
11. The act of squaring, or quarreling; a quarrel. [R.]
12. The front of a woman's dress over the bosom, usually
worked or embroidered. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Geometrical square}. See {Quadrat}, n., 2.
{Hollow square} (Mil.), a formation of troops in the shape of
a square, each side consisting of four or five ranks, and
the colors, officers, horses, etc., occupying the middle.
{Least square}, {Magic square}, etc. See under {Least},
{Magic}, etc.
{On the square}, or {Upon the square}, in an open, fair
manner; honestly, or upon honor. [Obs. or Colloq.]
{On}, or {Upon}, {the square with}, upon equality with; even
with. --Nares.
{To be all squares}, to be all settled. [Colloq.] --Dickens.
{To be at square}, to be in a state of quarreling. [Obs.]
--Nares.
{To break no square}, to give no offense; to make no
difference. [Obs.]
{To break squares}, to depart from an accustomed order.
{To see how the squares go}, to see how the game proceeds; --
a phrase taken from the game of chess, the chessboard
being formed with squares. [Obs.] --L'Estrange.
Square \Square\, a.
1. (Geom.) Having four equal sides and four right angles; as,
a square figure.
2. Forming a right angle; as, a square corner.
3. Having a shape broad for the height, with rectilineal and
angular rather than curving outlines; as, a man of a
square frame.
4. Exactly suitable or correspondent; true; just.
She's a most truimphant lady, if report be square to
her. --Shak.
5. Rendering equal justice; exact; fair; honest, as square
dealing.
6. Even; leaving no balance; as, to make or leave the
accounts square.
7. Leaving nothing; hearty; vigorous.
By Heaven, square eaters. More meat, I say. --Beau.
& Fl.
8. (Naut.) At right angles with the mast or the keel, and
parallel to the horizon; -- said of the yards of a
square-rigged vessel when they are so braced.
Note: Square is often used in self-explaining compounds or
combination, as in square-built, square-cornered,
square-cut, square-nosed, etc.
{Square foot}, an area equal to that of a square the sides of
which are twelwe inches; 144 square inches.
{Square knot}, a knot in which the terminal and standing
parts are parallel to each other; a reef knot. See Illust.
under {Knot}.
{Square measure}, the measure of a superficies or surface
which depends on the length and breadth taken conjointly.
The units of square measure are squares whose sides are
the linear measures; as, square inches, square feet,
square meters, etc.
{Square number}. See {square}, n., 6.
{Square root of a number} or {quantity} (Math.), that number
or quantity which, multiplied by itself produces the given
number or quantity.
{Square sail} (Naut.), a four-sided sail extended upon a yard
suspended by the middle; sometimes, the foresail of a
schooner set upon a yard; also, a cutter's or sloop's sail
boomed out. See Illust. of {Sail}.
{Square stern} (Naut.), a stern having a transom and joining
the counter timbers at an angle, as distinguished from a
round stern, which has no transom.
{Three-square}, {Five-square}, etc., having three, five,
etc., equal sides; as, a three-square file.
{To get square with}, to get even with; to pay off. [Colloq.]
Square \Square\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Squared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squaring}.] [Cf. OF. escarrer, esquarrer. See {Square}, n.]
1. To form with four sides and four right angles. --Spenser.
2. To form with right angles and straight lines, or flat
surfaces; as, to square mason's work.
3. To compare with, or reduce to, any given measure or
standard. --Shak.
4. To adjust; to regulate; to mold; to shape; to fit; as, to
square our actions by the opinions of others.
Square my trial To my proportioned strength.
--Milton.
5. To make even, so as leave no remainder of difference; to
balance; as, to square accounts.
6. (Math.) To multiply by itself; as, to square a number or a
quantity.
7. (Astrol.) To hold a quartile position respecting.
The icy Goat and Crab that square the Scales.
--Creech.
8. (Naut.) To place at right angles with the keel; as, to
square the yards.
{To square one's shoulders}, to raise the shoulders so as to
give them a square appearance, -- a movement expressing
contempt or dislike. --Sir W. Scott.
{To square the circle} (Math.), to determine the exact
contents of a circle in square measure. The solution of
this famous problem is now generally admitted to be
impossible.
Square \Square\, v. i.
1. To accord or agree exactly; to be consistent with; to
conform or agree; to suit; to fit.
No works shall find acceptamce . . . That square not
truly with the Scripture plan. --Cowper.
2. To go to opposite sides; to take an attitude of offense or
defense, or of defiance; to quarrel. [Obs.]
Are you such fools To square for this? --Shak.
3. To take a boxing attitude; -- often with up, sometimes
with off. [Colloq.] --Dickens.
Squarely \Square"ly\, adv.
In a square form or manner.
Squareness \Square"ness\, n.
The quality of being square; as, an instrument to try the
squareness of work.
Squarer \Squar"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, squares.
2. One who squares, or quarrels; a hot-headed, contentious
fellow. [Obs.] --Shak.
Square-rigged \Square"-rigged`\ (skw[^a]r"r[i^]gd`), a. (Naut.)
Having the sails extended upon yards suspended horizontally
by the middle, as distinguished from fore-and-aft sails;
thus, a ship and a brig are square-rigged vessels.
Square-toed \Square"-toed`\ (-t[=o]d`), n.
Having the toe square.
Obsolete as fardingales, ruffs, and square-toed shoes.
--V. Knox.
Square-toes \Square"-toes`\, n.
A precise person; -- used contemptuously or jocularly.
--Thackeray.
Squarish \Squar"ish\, a.
Nearly square. --Pennant.
Squarrose \Squar*rose"\ (? or ?; 277), a. [L. squarrosus
(perhaps) scurfy, scabby.]
Ragged or full of lose scales or projecting parts; rough;
jagged; as:
(a) (Bot. & Zo["o]l.) Consisting of scales widely
divaricating; having scales, small leaves, or other
bodies, spreading widely from the axis on which they are
crowded; -- said of a calyx or stem.
(b) (Bot.) Divided into shreds or jags, raised above the
plane of the leaf, and not parallel to it; said of a
leaf.
(c) (Zo["o]l.) Having scales spreading every way, or standing
upright, or at right angles to the surface; -- said of a
shell.
{Squarrose-slashed} (Bot.), doubly slashed, with the smaller
divisions at right angles to the others, as a leaf.
--Landley.
Squarroso-dentate \Squar*ro`so-den"tate\, a. (Bot.)
Having the teeth bent out of the plane of the lamina; -- said
of a leaf.
Squarrous \Squar"rous\ (? or ?), a.
Squarrose.
Squarrulose \Squar"ru*lose`\, a. [Dim. of squarrose.] (Bot.)
Somewhat squarrose; slightly squarrose. --Gray.
Squash \Squash\, n. [Cf. {Musquash}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An American animal allied to the weasel. [Obs.] --Goldsmith.
Squash \Squash\, n. [Massachusetts Indian asq, pl. asquash, raw,
green, immaturate, applied to fruit and vegetables which were
used when green, or without cooking; askutasquash vine
apple.] (Bot.)
A plant and its fruit of the genus {Cucurbita}, or gourd
kind.
Note: The species are much confused. The long-neck squash is
called {Cucurbita verrucosa}, the Barbary or China
squash, {C. moschata}, and the great winter squash, {C.
maxima}, but the distinctions are not clear.
{Squash beetle} (Zo["o]l.), a small American beetle
({Diabrotica, or Galeruca vittata}) which is often
abundant and very injurious to the leaves of squash,
cucumber, etc. It is striped with yellow and black. The
name is applied also to other allied species.
{Squash bug} (Zo["o]l.), a large black American hemipterous
insect ({Coreus, or Anasa, tristis}) injurious to squash
vines.
Squash \Squash\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Squashed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squashing}.] [OE. squashen, OF. escachier, esquachier, to
squash, to crush, F. ['e]cacher, perhaps from (assumed) LL.
excoacticare, fr. L. ex + coactare to constrain, from cogere,
coactum, to compel. Cf. {Cogent}, {Squat}, v. i.]
To beat or press into pulp or a flat mass; to crush.
Squash \Squash\, n.
1. Something soft and easily crushed; especially, an unripe
pod of pease.
Not yet old enough for a man, nor young enough for a
boy; as a squash is before 't is a peascod. --Shak.
2. Hence, something unripe or soft; -- used in contempt.
``This squash, this gentleman.'' --Shak.
3. A sudden fall of a heavy, soft body; also, a shock of soft
bodies. --Arbuthnot.
My fall was stopped by a terrible squash. --Swift.
Squasher \Squash"er\, n.
One who, or that which, squashes.
Squashiness \Squash"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being squashy, or soft.
Squashy \Squash"y\, a.
Easily squashed; soft.
Squat \Squat\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The angel fish ({Squatina angelus}).
Squat \Squat\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Squatted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squatting}.] [OE. squatten to crush, OF. esquater, esquatir
(cf. It. quatto squat, cowering), perhaps fr. L. ex +
coactus, p. p. cogere to drive or urge together. See
{Cogent}, {Squash}, v. t.]
1. To sit down upon the hams or heels; as, the savages
squatted near the fire.
2. To sit close to the ground; to cower; to stoop, or lie
close, to escape observation, as a partridge or rabbit.
3. To settle on another's land without title; also, to settle
on common or public lands.
Squat \Squat\, v. t.
To bruise or make flat by a fall. [Obs.]
Squat \Squat\, a.
1. Sitting on the hams or heels; sitting close to the ground;
cowering; crouching.
Him there they found, Squat like a toad, close at
the ear of Eve. --Milton.
2. Short and thick, like the figure of an animal squatting.
``The round, squat turret.'' --R. Browning.
The head [of the squill insect] is broad and squat.
--Grew.
Squat \Squat\, n.
1. The posture of one that sits on his heels or hams, or
close to the ground.
2. A sudden or crushing fall. [Obs.] --erbert.
3. (Mining)
(a) A small vein of ore.
(b) A mineral consisting of tin ore and spar. --Halliwell.
Woodward.
{Squat snipe} (Zo["o]l.), the jacksnipe; -- called also
{squatter}. [Local, U.S.]
Squaterole \Squat"er*ole\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The black-bellied plover.
Squatter \Squat"ter\, n.
1. One who squats; specifically, one who settles unlawfully
upon land without a title. In the United States and
Australia the term is sometimes applied also to a person
who settles lawfully upon government land under permission
and restrictions, before acquiring title.
In such a tract, squatters and trespassers were
tolerated to an extent now unknown. --Macaulay.
2. (Zo["o]l.) See {Squat snipe}, under {Squat}.
{Squatter sovereignty}, the right claimed by the squatters,
or actual residents, of a Territory of the United States
to make their own laws. [Local, U.S.] --Bartlett.
Squatty \Squat"ty\, a.
Squat; dumpy. --J. Burroughs.
Squaw \Squaw\, n. [Massachusetts Indian squa, eshqua;
Narragansett squ[^a]ws; Delaware ochqueu, and khqueu; used
also in compound words (as the names of animals) in the sense
of female.]
A female; a woman; -- in the language of Indian tribes of the
Algonquin family, correlative of sannup.
{Old squaw}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Old}.
Squawberry \Squaw"ber`ry\, n. (Bot.)
A local name for the partridge berry; also, for the
deerberry. [U. S.]
Squawk \Squawk\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Squawked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squawking}.] [See {Squeak}.]
To utter a shrill, abrupt scream; to squeak harshly.
{Squawking thrush} (Zo["o]l.), the missel turush; -- so
called from its note when alarmed. [Prov. Eng.]
Squawk \Squawk\, n.
1. Act of squawking; a harsh squeak.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The American night heron. See under {Night}.
{Squawk duck} (Zo["o]l.), the bimaculate duck ({Anas
glocitans}). It has patches of reddish brown behind, and
in front of, each eye. [Prov. Eng.]
Squawl \Squawl\, v. i.
See {Squall}.
Squawroot \Squaw"root`\, n. (Bot.)
A scaly parasitic plant ({Conopholis Americana}) found in oak
woods in the United States; -- called also {cancer root}.
Squawweed \Squaw"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
The golden ragwort. See under {Ragwort}.
Squeak \Squeak\, v. i. [imp.& p. p. {Squaked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squeaking}.] [Probably of imitative origin; cf. Sw.
sqv["a]ka to croak, Icel. skvakka to give a sound as of water
shaken in a bottle.]
1. To utter a sharp, shrill cry, usually of short duration;
to cry with an acute tone, as an animal; or, to make a
sharp, disagreeable noise, as a pipe or quill, a wagon
wheel, a door; to creak.
Who can endure to hear one of the rough old Romans
squeaking through the mouth of an eunuch? --Addison.
Zoilus calls the companions of Ulysses the
``squeaking pigs'' of Homer. --Pope.
2. To break silence or secrecy for fear of pain or
punishment; to speak; to confess. [Colloq.]
If he be obstinate, put a civil question to him upon the
rack, and he squeaks, I warrant him. --Dryden.
Squeak \Squeak\, n.
A sharp, shrill, disagreeable sound suddenly utered, either
of the human voice or of any animal or instrument, such as is
made by carriage wheels when dry, by the soles of leather
shoes, or by a pipe or reed.
Squeaker \Squeak"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, squeaks.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The Australian gray crow shrile ({Strepera
anaphonesis}); -- so called from its note.
Squeakingly \Squeak"ing*ly\, adv.
In a squeaking manner.
Squeal \Squeal\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Squealed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squealing}.] [Of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. sqv["a]la, Norw.
skvella. Cf. {Squeak}, {Squall}.]
1. To cry with a sharp, shrill, prolonged sound, as certain
animals do, indicating want, displeasure, or pain.
2. To turn informer; to betray a secret. [Slang]
Squeal \Squeal\, n.
A shrill, somewhat prolonged cry.
Squealer \Squeal"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, squeals.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European swift.
(b) The harlequin duck.
(c) The American golden plover.
Squeamish \Squeam"ish\, a. [OE. squaimous, sweymous, probably
from OE. sweem, swem, dizziness, a swimming in the head; cf.
Icel. svemr a bustle, a stir, Norw. sveim a hovering about, a
sickness that comes upon one, Icel. svimi a giddiness, AS.
sw[=i]mi. The word has been perhaps confused witrh qualmish.
Cf. {Swim} to be dizzy.]
Having a stomach that is easily or nauseated; hence, nice to
excess in taste; fastidious; easily disgusted; apt to be
offended at trifling improprieties.
Quoth he, that honor's very squeamish That takes a
basting for a blemish. --Hudibras.
His muse is rustic, and perhaps too plain The men of
squeamish taste to entertain. --Southern.
So ye grow squeamish, Gods, and sniff at heaven. --M.
Arnold.
Syn: Fastidious; dainty; overnice; scrupulous. See
{Fastidious}. -- {Squeam"ish*ly}, adv. --
{Squeam"ish*ness}, n.
Squeamous \Squeam"ous\, a.
Squeamish. [Obs.]
Squeasiness \Squea"si*ness\, n.
Queasiness. [Obs.]
Squesy \Sque"sy\, a.
Queasy; nice; squeamish; fastidious; scrupulous. [Obs.] --Bp.
Earle.
Squeegee \Squee"gee\, n.
Same as {Squilgee}.
Squeeze \Squeeze\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Squeezed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Squeezing}.] [OE. queisen, AS. cw[=e]san, cw[=y]san,
cw[=i]san, of uncertain origin. The s- was probably prefixed
through the influence of squash, v.t.]
1. To press between two bodies; to press together closely; to
compress; often, to compress so as to expel juice,
moisture, etc.; as, to squeeze an orange with the fingers;
to squeeze the hand in friendship.
2. Fig.: To oppress with hardships, burdens, or taxes; to
harass; to crush.
In a civil war, people must expect to be crushed and
squeezed toward the burden. --L'Estrange.
3. To force, or cause to pass, by compression; often with
out, through, etc.; as, to squeeze water through felt.
Syn: To compress; hug; pinch; gripe; crowd.
Squeeze \Squeeze\, v. i.
To press; to urge one's way, or to pass, by pressing; to
crowd; -- often with through, into, etc.; as, to squeeze hard
to get through a crowd.
Squeeze \Squeeze\, n.
1. The act of one who squeezes; compression between bodies;
pressure.
2. A facsimile impression taken in some soft substance, as
pulp, from an inscription on stone.
Squeezer \Squeez"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, squeezes; as, a lemon squeezer.
2. (Forging)
(a) A machine like a large pair of pliers, for shingling,
or squeezing, the balls of metal when puddled; -- used
only in the plural.
(b) A machine of several forms for the same purpose; --
used in the singular.
Squeezing \Squeez"ing\, n.
1. The act of pressing; compression; oppression.
2. pl. That which is forced out by pressure; dregs.
3. Same as {Squeeze}, n., 2.
Squelch \Squelch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Squelched}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Squelching}.] [Cf. prov. E. quelch a blow, and quel to
crush, to kill.]
To quell; to crush; to silence or put down. [Colloq.]
Oh 't was your luck and mine to be squelched. --Beau. &
Fl.
If you deceive us you will be squelched. --Carlyle.
Squelch \Squelch\, n.
A heavy fall, as of something flat; hence, also, a crushing
reply. [Colloq.] --Hudibras.
Squeteague \Sque*teague"\ (skw[-e]*t[=e]g"), n. [from the North
American Indian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
An American sci[ae]noid fish ({Cynoscion regalis}), abundant
on the Atlantic coast of the United States, and much valued
as a food fish. It is of a bright silvery color, with
iridescent reflections. Called also {weakfish}, {squitee},
{chickwit}, and {sea trout}. The spotted squeteague ({C.
nebulosus}) of the Southern United States is a similar fish,
but the back and upper fins are spotted with black. It is
called also {spotted weakfish}, and, locally, {sea trout},
and {sea salmon}.
Squib \Squib\, n. [OE. squippen, swippen, to move swiftky, Icel.
svipa to swoop, flash, dart, whip; akin to AS. swipian to
whip, and E. swift, a. See {Swift}, a.]
1. A little pipe, or hollow cylinder of paper, filled with
powder or combustible matter, to be thrown into the air
while burning, so as to burst there with a crack.
Lampoons, like squibs, may make a present blaze.
--Waller.
The making and selling of fireworks, and squibs . .
. is punishable. --Blackstone.
2. (Mining) A kind of slow match or safety fuse.
3. A sarcastic speech or publication; a petty lampoon; a
brief, witty essay.
Who copied his squibs, and re["e]choed his jokes.
--Goldsmith.
4. A writer of lampoons. [Obs.]
The squibs are those who in the common phrase of the
world are called libelers, lampooners, and
pamphleteers. --Tatler.
5. A paltry fellow. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Squib \Squib\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Squibbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squibbing}.]
To throw squibs; to utter sarcatic or severe reflections; to
contend in petty dispute; as, to squib a little debate.
[Colloq.]
Squid \Squid\, n. [Cf. {Squirt}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of ten-armed
cephalopods having a long, tapered body, and a caudal fin
on each side; especially, any species of {Loligo},
{Ommastrephes}, and related genera. See {Calamary},
{Decacerata}, {Dibranchiata}.
Note: Some of these squids are very abundant on the Atlantic
coast of North America, and are used in large
quantities for bait, especially in the cod fishery. The
most abundant of the American squids are the northern
squid ({Ommastrephes illecebrosus}), ranging from
Southern New England to Newfoundland, and the southern
squid ({Loligo Pealii}), ranging from Virginia to
Massachusetts.
2. A fishhook with a piece of bright lead, bone, or other
substance, fastened on its shank to imitate a squid.
{Flying squid}, {Giant squid}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Flying},
and {Giant}.
{Squid hound} (Zo["o]l.), the striped bass.
Squier \Squier\, n.
A square. See 1st {Squire}. [Obs.]
Not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and a
half by the squier. --Shak.
Squierie \Squi"er*ie\, Squiery \Squi"er*y\,, n. [OF. escuiere.
See {Esquire}.]
A company of squires; the whole body of squires.
Note: This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but is not in
the modern editions.
Squiggle \Squig"gle\, v. i. [Cf. Prov. E. swiggle to drink
greedily, to shake liquor in a close vessel, and E. sqig.]
To shake and wash a fluid about in the mouth with the lips
closed. [Prov. Eng.] --Forby.
Squiggle \Squig"gle\, v. i. [Cf. {Squirm}, {Wiggle}.]
To move about like an eel; to squirm. [Low, U.S.] --Bartlett.
Squilgee \Squil"gee\, n.
Formerly, a small swab for drying a vessel's deck; now, a
kind of scraper having a blade or edge of rubber or of
leather, -- used for removing superfluous, water or other
liquids, as from a vessel's deck after washing, from window
panes, photographer's plates, etc. [Written also {squillgee},
{squillagee}, {squeegee.}]
Squill \Squill\, n. [F. squille (also scille a squill, in sense
1), L. squilla, scilla, Gr. ?.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) A European bulbous liliaceous plant ({Urginea,
formerly Scilla, maritima}), of acrid, expectorant,
diuretic, and emetic properties used in medicine.
Called also {sea onion}.
(b) Any bulbous plant of the genus {Scilla}; as, the
bluebell squill ({S. mutans}).
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A squilla.
(b) A mantis.
Squilla \Squil"la\, n.; pl. E. {Squillas}, L. {Squill[ae]}. [L.,
a sea onion, also, a prawn or shrimp. See {Squill}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous stomapod crustaceans of the genus
{Squilla} and allied genera. They make burrows in mud or
beneath stones on the seashore. Called also {mantis shrimp}.
See Illust. under {Stomapoda}.
Squillitic \Squill*it"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to squills. [R.] ``Squillitic vinegar.''
--Holland.
Squinance \Squin"ance\, Squinancy \Squin"an*cy\, n. [F.
esquinancie, OF. squinance, esquinance. See {Quinsy}.]
1. (Med.) The quinsy. See {Quinsy}. [Obs.]
2. (Bot.) A European perennial herb ({Asperula cynanchica})
with narrowly linear whorled leaves; -- formerly thought
to cure the quinsy. Also called {quincewort}.
{Squinancy berries}, black currants; -- so called because
used to cure the quinsy. --Dr. Prior.
Squinch \Squinch\, n. [Corrupted fr. sconce.] (Arch.)
A small arch thrown across the corner of a square room to
support a superimposed mass, as where an octagonal spire or
drum rests upon a square tower; -- called also {sconce}, and
{sconcheon}.
Squinsy \Squin"sy\, n. (Med.)
See {Quinsy}. [Obs.]
Squint \Squint\, a. [Cf. D. schuinte a slope, schuin,
schuinisch, sloping, oblique, schuins slopingly. Cf.
{Askant}, {Askance}, {Asquint}.]
1. Looking obliquely. Specifically (Med.), not having the
optic axes coincident; -- said of the eyes. See {Squint},
n., 2.
2. Fig.: Looking askance. ``Squint suspicion.'' --Milton.
Squint \Squint\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Squinted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squinting}.]
1. To see or look obliquely, asquint, or awry, or with a
furtive glance.
Some can squint when they will. --Bacon.
2. (Med.) To have the axes of the eyes not coincident; -- to
be cross-eyed.
3. To deviate from a true line; to run obliquely.
Squint \Squint\, v. t.
1. To turn to an oblique position; to direct obliquely; as,
to squint an eye.
2. To cause to look with noncoincident optic axes.
He . . . squints the eye, and makes the harelid.
--Shak.
Squint \Squint\, n.
1. The act or habit of squinting.
2. (Med.) A want of coincidence of the axes of the eyes;
strabismus.
3. (Arch.) Same as {Hagioscope}.
Squinter \Squint"er\, n.
One who squints.
Squint-eye \Squint"-eye`\, n.
An eye that squints. --Spenser.
Squint-eyed \Squint"-eyed`\, a.
1. Having eyes that quint; having eyes with axes not
coincident; cross-eyed.
2. Looking obliquely, or asquint; malignant; as, squint-eyed
praise; squint-eyed jealousy.
Squintifego \Squint`i*fe"go\, a.
Squinting. [Obs. & R.]
Squinting \Squint"ing\,
a. & n. from {Squint}, v. -- {Squint"ing*ly}, adv.
Squiny \Squin"y\, v. i.
To squint. [Obs.] --Shak.
Squinzey \Squin"zey\, n. (Med.)
See {Quinsy}. [Obs.]
Souir \Souir\, v. t.
To throw with a jerk; to throw edge foremost. [Obs.] [Written
also {squirr}.] --Addison.
Squiralty \Squir"al*ty\, n.
Same as {Squirarchy}.
That such weight and influence be put thereby into the
hands of the squiralty of my kingdom. --Sterne.
Squirarch \Squir"arch\, n. [Squire + -arch.]
One who belongs to the squirarchy. -- {Squir"arch*al}, a.
Squirarchy \Squir"arch*y\, n. [Squire + -archy.]
The gentlemen, or gentry, of a country, collectively.
[Written also {squirearchy}.]
Squire \Squire\, n. [OF. esquierre, F. ['e]querre. See {Square},
n.]
A square; a measure; a rule. [Obs.] ``With golden squire.''
--Spenser.
Squire \Squire\, n. [Aphetic form of esquire.]
1. A shield-bearer or armor-bearer who attended a knight.
2. A title of dignity next in degree below knight, and above
gentleman. See {Esquire}. [Eng.] ``His privy knights and
squires.'' --Chaucer.
3. A male attendant on a great personage; also (Colloq.), a
devoted attendant or follower of a lady; a beau.
4. A title of office and courtesy. See under {Esquire}.
Squire \Squire\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {squired}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{squiring}.]
1. To attend as a squire. --Chaucer.
2. To attend as a beau, or gallant, for aid and protection;
as, to squire a lady. [Colloq.] --Goldsmith.
Squireen \Squir*een"\, n.
One who is half squire and half farmer; -- used humorously.
[Eng.] --C. Kingsley.
Squirehood \Squire"hood\, n.
The rank or state of a squire; squireship. --Swift.
squireling \squire"ling\, n.
A petty squire. --Tennyson.
Squirely \Squire"ly\, a. & adv.
Becoming a squire; like a squire.
squireship \squire"ship\, n.
Squirehood.
Squirm \Squirm\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Squirmed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squirming}.] [Cf. {Swarm} to climb a tree.]
To twist about briskly with contor?ions like an eel or a
worm; to wriggle; to writhe.
Squirr \Squirr\, v. t.
See {Squir}.
Squirrel \Squir"rel\ (skw[~e]r"r[~e]l or skw[i^]r"-; 277), n.
[OE. squirel, OF. esquirel, escurel, F. ['e]cureuil, LL.
squirelus, squirolus, scuriolus, dim. of L. sciurus, Gr.
si`oyros; skia` shade + o'yra` tail. Cf. {Shine}, v. i.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of small rodents
belonging to the genus {Sciurus} and several allied genera
of the family {Sciurid[ae]}. Squirrels generally have a
bushy tail, large erect ears, and strong hind legs. They
are commonly arboreal in their habits, but many species
live in burrows.
Note: Among the common North American squirrels are the gray
squirrel ({Scirius Carolinensis}) and its black
variety; the fox, or cat, sqirrel ({S. cinereus}, or
{S. niger}) which is a large species, and variable in
color, the southern variety being frequently black,
while the northern and western varieties are usually
gray or rusty brown; the red squirrel (see
{Chickaree}); the striped, or chipping, squirrel (see
{Chipmunk}); and the California gray squirrel ({S.
fossor}). Several other species inhabit Mexico and
Central America. The common European species ({Sciurus
vulgaris}) has a long tuft of hair on each ear. the
so-called Australian squirrels are marsupials. See
{Petaurist}, and {Phalanger}.
2. One of the small rollers of a carding machine which work
with the large cylinder.
{Barking squirrel} (Zo["o]l.), the prairie dog.
{Federation squirrel} (Zo["o]l.), the striped gopher. See
{Gopher}, 2.
{Flying squirrel} (Zo["o]l.). See {Flying squirrel}, in the
Vocabulary.
{Java squirrel} (Zo["o]l.). See {Jelerang}.
{Squirrel corn} (Bot.), a North American herb ({Dicantra
Canadensis}) bearing little yellow tubers.
{Squirrel cup} (Bot.), the blossom of the {Hepatica triloba},
a low perennial herb with cup-shaped flowers varying from
purplish blue to pink or even white. It is one of the
earliest flowers of spring.
{Squirrel fish} (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A sea bass ({Serranus fascicularis}) of the Southern
United States.
(b) The sailor's choice ({Diplodus rhomboides}).
(c) The redmouth, or grunt.
(d) A market fish of Bermuda ({Holocentrum Ascensione}).
{Squirrel grass} (Bot.), a pestiferous grass ({Hordeum
murinum}) related to barley. In California the stiffly
awned spiklets work into the wool of sheep, and into the
throat, flesh, and eyes of animals, sometimes even
producing death.
{Squirrel hake} (Zo["o]l.), a common American hake ({Phycis
tenuis}); -- called also {white hake}.
{Squirrel hawk} (Zo["o]l.), any rough-legged hawk;
especially, the California species {Archibuteo
ferrugineus}.
{Squirrel monkey}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of small, soft-haired South
American monkeys of the genus {Calithrix}. They are
noted for their graceful form and agility. See
{Teetee}.
(b) A marmoset.
{Squirrel petaurus} (Zo["o]l.), a flying phalanger of
Australia. See {Phalanger}, {Petaurist}, and {Flying
phalanger} under {Flying}.
{Squirrel shrew} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
East Indian and Asiatic insectivores of the genus
{Tupaia}. They are allied to the shrews, but have a bushy
tail, like that of a squirrel.
{Squirrel-tail grass} (Bot.), a grass ({Hordeum jubatum})
found in salt marshes and along the Great Lakes, having a
dense spike beset with long awns.
Squirt \Squirt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Squirted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Squirting}.] [Cf. LG. swirtjen to squirt, OSw. sqv["a]tta,
E. squander.]
To drive or eject in a stream out of a narrow pipe or
orifice; as, to squirt water.
The hard-featured miscreant coolly rolled his tobacco
in his cheek, and squirted the juice into the fire
grate. --Sir W.
Scott.
{Squirting cucumber}. (Bot.) See {Ecballium}.
Squirt \Squirt\, v. i.
1. To be thrown out, or ejected, in a rapid stream, from a
narrow orifice; -- said of liquids.
2. Hence, to throw out or utter words rapidly; to prate.
[Low] --L'Estrange.
Squirt \Squirt\, n.
1. An instrument out of which a liquid is ejected in a small
stream with force. --Young.
2. A small, quick stream; a jet. --Bacon.
Squirter \Squirt"er\, n.
One who, or that which, squirts.
Squiry \Squir"y\, n. [See {Squiery}.]
The body of squires, collectively considered; squirarchy.
[Obs.]
The flower of chivalry and squiry. --Ld. Berbers.
Squitch grass \Squitch" grass`\ (Bot.)
Quitch grass.
Squitee \Squi*tee"\, n. [From the N. American Indian name.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The squeteague; -- called also {squit}.
Stab \Stab\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stabbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stabbing}.] [Cf. OD. staven to fix, fasten, fr. stave,
staff, a staff, rod; akin to G. stab a staff, stick, E.
staff; also Gael. stob to stab, as n., a stake, a stub. Cf.
{Staff}.]
1. To pierce with a pointed weapon; to wound or kill by the
thrust of a pointed instrument; as, to stab a man with a
dagger; also, to thrust; as, to stab a dagger into a
person.
2. Fig.: To injure secretly or by malicious falsehood or
slander; as, to stab a person's reputation.
Stab \Stab\, v. i.
1. To give a wound with a pointed weapon; to pierce; to
thrust with a pointed weapon.
None shall dare With shortened sword to stab in
closer war. --Dryden.
2. To wound or pain, as if with a pointed weapon.
She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. --Shak.
{To stab at}, to offer or threaten to stab; to thrust a
pointed weapon at.
Stab \Stab\, n.
1. The thrust of a pointed weapon.
2. A wound with a sharp-pointed weapon; as, to fall by the
stab an assassin. --Shak.
3. Fig.: An injury inflicted covertly or suddenly; as, a stab
given to character.
Stabat Mater \Sta"bat Ma"ter\ [L., the mother was standing.]
A celebrated Latin hymn, beginning with these words,
commemorating the sorrows of the mother of our Lord at the
foot of the cross. It is read in the Mass of the Sorrows of
the Virgin Mary, and is sung by Catholics when making ``the
way of the cross'' (Via Crucis). See {Station}, 7
(c) .
Stabber \Stab"ber\, n.
1. One who, or that which, stabs; a privy murderer.
2. (Naut.) A small marline spike; a pricker.
Stabbingly \Stab"bing*ly\, adv.
By stabbing; with intent to injure covertly. --Bp. Parker.
Stabiliment \Sta*bil"i*ment\, n. [L. stabilimentum, fr.
stabilire to make firm ir stable, fr. stabilis. See {Stable},
a.]
The act of making firm; firm support; establishment. [R.]
--Jer. taylor.
They serve for stabiliment, propagation, and shade.
--Derham.
Stabilitate \Sta*bil"i*tate\, v. t. [LL. stabilitatus, p. p. of
stabilitare to make stable.]
To make stable; to establish. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Stability \Sta*bil"i*ty\, n. [L. stabilitas; cf. F.
stabilit['e]. See {Stable}, a.]
1. The state or quality of being stable, or firm; steadiness;
firmness; strength to stand without being moved or
overthrown; as, the stability of a structure; the
stability of a throne or a constitution.
2. Steadiness or firmness of character, firmness of
resolution or purpose; the quality opposite to
{fickleness}, {irresolution}, or {inconstancy}; constancy;
steadfastness; as, a man of little stability, or of
unusual stability.
3. Fixedness; -- as opposed to {fluidity}.
Since fluidness and stability are contary qualities.
--Boyle.
Syn: Steadiness; stableness; constancy; immovability;
firmness.
Stable \Sta"ble\, a. [OE. estable, F. stable, fr. L. stabilis,
fr. stare to stand. See {Stand}, v. i. and cf. {Establish}.]
1. Firmly established; not easily moved, shaken, or
overthrown; fixed; as, a stable government.
In this region of chance, . . . where nothing is
stable. --Rogers.
2. Steady in purpose; constant; firm in resolution; not
easily diverted from a purpose; not fickle or wavering;
as, a man of stable character.
And to her husband ever meek and stable. --Chaucer.
3. Durable; not subject to overthrow or change; firm; as, a
stable foundation; a stable position.
{Stable equibrium} (Mech.), the kind of equilibrium of a body
so placed that if disturbed it returns to its former
position, as in the case when the center of gravity is
below the point or axis of support; -- opposed to
{unstable equilibrium}, in which the body if disturbed
does not tend to return to its former position, but to
move farther away from it, as in the case of a body
supported at a point below the center of gravity. Cf.
{Neutral equilibrium}, under {Neutral}.
Syn: Fixed; steady; constant; abiding; strong; durable; firm.
Stable \Sta"ble\, v. t.
To fix; to establish. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Stable \Sta"ble\, n. [OF. estable, F. ['e]table, from L.
stabulum, fr. stare to stand. See {Stand}, v. i.]
A house, shed, or building, for beasts to lodge and feed in;
esp., a building or apartment with stalls, for horses; as, a
horse stable; a cow stable. --Milton.
{Stable fly} (Zo["o]l.), a common dipterous fly ({Stomoxys
calcitrans}) which is abundant about stables and often
enters dwellings, especially in autumn. These files,
unlike the common house files, which they resemble, bite
severely, and are troublesome to horses and cattle.
Stable \Sta"ble\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stabled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stabling}.]
To put or keep in a stable.
Stable \Sta"ble\, v. i.
To dwell or lodge in a stable; to dwell in an inclosed place;
to kennel. --Milton.
Stableboy \Sta"ble*boy`\, Stableman \Sta"ble*man\, n.
A boy or man who attends in a stable; a groom; a hostler.
Stableness \Sta"ble*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stable, or firmly established;
stability.
Stabler \Sta"bler\, n.
A stable keeper. --De Foe.
Stable stand \Sta"ble stand`\ (O.Eng. Law)
The position of a man who is found at his standing in the
forest, with a crossbow or a longbow bent, ready to shoot at
a deer, or close by a tree with greyhounds in a leash ready
to slip; -- one of the four presumptions that a man intends
stealing the king's deer. --Wharton.
Stabling \Sta"bling\, n.
1. The act or practice of keeping horses and cattle in a
stable.
2. A building, shed, or room for horses and cattle.
Stablish \Stab"lish\, v. t. [Aphetic form of establish.]
To settle permanently in a state; to make firm; to establish;
to fix. [Obs.] --2 Sam. vii. 13.
Stablishment \Stab"lish*ment\, n.
Establishment. [Obs.]
Stably \Sta"bly\, adv.
In a stable manner; firmly; fixedly; steadily; as, a
government stably settled.
Stabulation \Stab`u*la"tion\, n. [L. stabulatio, fr. stabulari
to stable cattle, fr. stabulum. See {Stable}, n.]
1. The act of stabling or housing beasts.
2. A place for lodging beasts; a stable. [Obs.]
Staccato \Stac*ca"to\, a. [It., p. p. of staccere, equivalent to
distaccare. See {Detach}.]
1. (Mus.) Disconnected; separated; distinct; -- a direction
to perform the notes of a passage in a short, distinct,
and pointed manner. It is opposed to {legato}, and often
indicated by heavy accents written over or under the
notes, or by dots when the performance is to be less
distinct and emphatic.
2. Expressed in a brief, pointed manner.
Staccato and peremptory [literary criticism]. --G.
Eliot.
Stack \Stack\, a. [Icel. stakkr; akin to Sw. stack, Dan. stak.
Sf. {Stake}.]
1. A large pile of hay, grain, straw, or the like, usually of
a nearly conical form, but sometimes rectangular or
oblong, contracted at the top to a point or ridge, and
sometimes covered with thatch.
But corn was housed, and beans were in the stack.
--Cowper.
2. A pile of poles or wood, indefinite in quantity.
Against every pillar was a stack of billets above a
man's height. --Bacon.
3. A pile of wood containing 108 cubic feet. [Eng.]
4. (Arch.)
(a) A number of flues embodied in one structure, rising
above the roof. Hence:
(b) Any single insulated and prominent structure, or
upright pipe, which affords a conduit for smoke; as,
the brick smokestack of a factory; the smokestack of a
steam vessel.
{Stack of arms} (Mil.), a number of muskets or rifles set up
together, with the bayonets crossing one another, forming
a sort of conical self-supporting pile.
Stack \Stack\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stacked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stacking}.] [Cf. Sw. stacka, Dan. stakke. See {Stack}, n.]
To lay in a conical or other pile; to make into a large pile;
as, to stack hay, cornstalks, or grain; to stack or place
wood.
{To stack arms} (Mil.), to set up a number of muskets or
rifles together, with the bayonets crossing one another,
and forming a sort of conical pile.
Stackage \Stack"age\, n.
1. Hay, gray, or the like, in stacks; things stacked. [R.]
2. A tax on things stacked. [R.] --Holinshed.
Stacket \Stack"et\, n. [Cf. F. estacade and E. stockade.] (Mil.)
A stockade. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Stack-guard \Stack"-guard`\, n.
A covering or protection, as a canvas, for a stack.
Stacking \Stack"ing\,
a. & n. from {Stack}.
{Stacking band}, {Stacking belt}, a band or rope used in
binding thatch or straw upon a stack.
{Stacking stage}, a stage used in building stacks.
Stackstand \Stack"stand`\, n.
A staging for supporting a stack of hay or grain; a
rickstand.
Stackyard \Stack"yard`\, n.
A yard or inclosure for stacks of hay or grain. --A. Smith.
Stacte \Stac"te\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, strictly fem. of ? cozing
out in drops, fr. ? to drop.]
One of the sweet spices used by the ancient Jews in the
preparation of incense. It was perhaps an oil or other form
of myrrh or cinnamon, or a kind of storax. --Ex. xxx. 34.
Staddle \Stad"dle\, n. [AS. sta[eth]ol, sra[eth]ul, a
foundation, firm seat; akin to E. stand. [root]163. See
{Stand}, v. i.] [Formerly written {stadle}.]
1. Anything which serves for support; a staff; a prop; a
crutch; a cane.
His weak steps governing And aged limbs on cypress
stadle stout. --Spenser.
2. The frame of a stack of hay or grain. [Eng.]
3. A row of dried or drying hay, etc. [Eng.]
4. A small tree of any kind, especially a forest tree.
Note: In America, trees are called staddles from the time
that they are three or four years old till they are six
or eight inches in diameter, or more. This is also the
sense in which the word is used by Bacon and Tusser.
Staddle \Stad"dle\, v. t.
1. To leave the staddles, or saplings, of, as a wood when it
is cut. [R.] --Tusser.
2. To form into staddles, as hay. [Eng.]
Stade \Stade\, n. [Cf. F. stade.]
A stadium. --Donne.
Stade \Stade\, n. [Cf. G. gestade shore.]
A landing place or wharf. --Knight.
Stadimeter \Sta*dim"e*ter\, n. [Stadium + -meter.]
A horizontal graduated bar mounted on a staff, used as a
stadium, or telemeter, for measuring distances.
Stadium \Sta"di*um\, n.; pl. {Stadia}. [L., a stadium (in sense
1), from Gr. ?.]
1. A Greek measure of length, being the chief one used for
itinerary distances, also adopted by the Romans for
nautical and astronomical measurements. It was equal to
600 Greek or 625 Roman feet, or 125 Roman paces, or to 606
feet 9 inches English. This was also called the {Olympic
stadium}, as being the exact length of the foot-race
course at Olympia. --Dr. W. Smith.
2. Hence, a race course; especially, the Olympic course for
foot races.
3. A kind of telemeter for measuring the distance of an
object of known dimensions, by observing the angle it
subtends; especially (Surveying), a graduated rod used to
measure the distance of the place where it stands from an
instrument having a telescope, by observing the number of
the graduations of the rod that are seen between certain
parallel wires (stadia wires) in the field of view of the
telescope; -- also called {stadia}, and {stadia rod}.
Stadtholder \Stadt"hold`er\, n. [D. stadhouder; stad a city, a
town + houder a holder.]
Formerly, the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of
Holland; also, the governor or lieutenant governor of a
province.
Stadtholderate \Stadt"hold`er*ate\, Stadtholdership
\Stadt"hold`er*ship\, n.
The office or position of a stadtholder.
Stafette \Sta*fette"\, n. [Cf. G. stafette. See {Estafet}.]
An estafet. [R.] --arlyle.
Staff \Staff\, n.; pl. {Staves} (? or ?; 277) or {Staffs}in
senses 1-9, {Staffs} in senses 10, 11. [AS. st[ae]f a staff;
akin to LG. & D. staf, OFries stef, G. stab, Icel. stafr, Sw.
staf, Dan. stav, Goth. stabs element, rudiment, Skr.
sth[=a]pay to cause to stand, to place. See {Stand}, and cf.
{Stab}, {Stave}, n.]
1. A long piece of wood; a stick; the long handle of an
instrument or weapon; a pole or srick, used for many
purposes; as, a surveyor's staff; the staff of a spear or
pike.
And he put the staves into the rings on the sides of
the altar to bear it withal. --Ex. xxxviii.
7.
With forks and staves the felon to pursue. --Dryden.
2. A stick carried in the hand for support or defense by a
person walking; hence, a support; that which props or
upholds. ``Hooked staves.'' --Piers Plowman.
The boy was the very staff of my age. --Shak.
He spoke of it [beer] in ``The Earnest Cry,'' and
likewise in the ``Scotch Drink,'' as one of the
staffs of life which had been struck from the poor
man's hand. --Prof.
Wilson.
3. A pole, stick, or wand borne as an ensign of authority; a
badge of office; as, a constable's staff.
Methought this staff, mine office badge in court,
Was broke in twain. --Shak.
All his officers brake their staves; but at their
return new staves were delivered unto them.
--Hayward.
4. A pole upon which a flag is supported and displayed.
5. The round of a ladder. [R.]
I ascend at one [ladder] of six hundred and
thirty-nine staves. --Dr. J.
Campbell (E.
Brown's
Travels).
6. A series of verses so disposed that, when it is concluded,
the same order begins again; a stanza; a stave.
Cowley found out that no kind of staff is proper for
an heroic poem, as being all too lyrical. --Dryden.
7. (Mus.) The five lines and the spaces on which music is
written; -- formerly called stave.
8. (Mech.) An arbor, as of a wheel or a pinion of a watch.
9. (Surg.) The grooved director for the gorget, or knife,
used in cutting for stone in the bladder.
10. [From {Staff}, 3, a badge of office.] (Mil.) An
establishment of officers in various departments attached
to an army, to a section of an army, or to the commander
of an army. The general's staff consists of those
officers about his person who are employed in carrying
his commands into execution. See {['E]tat Major}.
11. Hence: A body of assistants serving to carry into effect
the plans of a superintendant or manager; as, the staff
of a newspaper.
{Jacob's staff} (Surv.), a single straight rod or staff,
pointed and iron-shod at the bottom, for penetrating the
ground, and having a socket joint at the top, used,
instead of a tripod, for supporting a compass.
{Staff angle} (Arch.), a square rod of wood standing flush
with the wall on each of its sides, at the external angles
of plastering, to prevent their being damaged.
{The staff of life}, bread. ``Bread is the staff of life.''
--Swift.
{Staff tree} (Bot.), any plant of the genus {Celastrus},
mostly climbing shrubs of the northern hemisphere. The
American species ({C. scandens}) is commonly called
{bittersweet}. See 2d {Bittersweet}, 3
(b) .
{To set}, or {To put}, {up, or down}, {one's staff}, to take
up one's residence; to lodge. [Obs.]
Staffier \Staf"fi*er\, n.
An attendant bearing a staff. [Obs.] ``Staffiers on foot.''
--Hudibras.
Staffish \Staff"ish\, a.
Stiff; harsh. [Obs.] --Ascham.
Staffman \Staff"man\, n.; pl. {Staffmen}.
A workman employed in silk throwing.
Stag \Stag\, n. [Icel. steggr the male of several animals; or a
doubtful AS. stagga. Cf. {Steg}.]
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The adult male of the red deer ({Cervus elaphus}), a
large European species closely related to the American
elk, or wapiti.
(b) The male of certain other species of large deer.
2. A colt, or filly; also, a romping girl. [Prov. Eng.]
3. A castrated bull; -- called also {bull stag}, and {bull
seg}. See the Note under {Ox}.
4. (Stock Exchange)
(a) An outside irregular dealer in stocks, who is not a
member of the exchange. [Cant]
(b) One who applies for the allotment of shares in new
projects, with a view to sell immediately at a
premium, and not to hold the stock. [Cant]
5. (Zo["o]l.) The European wren. [Prov. Eng.]
{Stag beetle} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
lamellicorn beetles belonging to {Lucanus} and allied
genera, especially {L. cervus} of Europe and {L. dama} of
the United States. The mandibles are large and branched,
or forked, whence the name. The lava feeds on the rotten
wood of dead trees. Called also {horned bug}, and {horse
beetle}.
{Stag dance}, a dance by men only. [slang, U.S.]
{Stag hog} (Zo["o]l.), the babiroussa.
{Stag-horn coral} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
large branching corals of the genus {Madrepora}, which
somewhat resemble the antlers of the stag, especially
{Madrepora cervicornis}, and {M. palmata}, of Florida and
the West Indies.
{Stag-horn fern} (Bot.), an Australian and West African fern
({Platycerium alcicorne}) having the large fronds branched
like a stag's horns; also, any species of the same genus.
{Stag-horn sumac} (Bot.), a common American shrub ({Rhus
typhina}) having densely velvety branchlets. See {Sumac}.
{Stag party}, a party consisting of men only. [Slang, U. S.]
{Stag tick} (Zo["o]l.), a parasitic dipterous insect of the
family {Hippoboscid[ae]}, which lives upon the stag and in
usually wingless. The same species lives also upon the
European grouse, but in that case has wings.
Stag \Stag\, v. i. (Com.)
To act as a ``stag'', or irregular dealer in stocks. [Cant]
Stag \Stag\, v. t.
To watch; to dog, or keep track of. [Prov. Eng. or Slang]
--H. Kingsley.
Stage \Stage\, n. [OF. estage, F. ['e]tage, (assumed) LL.
staticum, from L. stare to stand. See {Stand}, and cf.
{Static}.]
1. A floor or story of a house. [Obs.] --Wyclif.
2. An elevated platform on which an orator may speak, a play
be performed, an exhibition be presented, or the like.
3. A floor elevated for the convenience of mechanical work,
or the like; a scaffold; a staging.
4. A platform, often floating, serving as a kind of wharf.
5. The floor for scenic performances; hence, the theater; the
playhouse; hence, also, the profession of representing
dramatic compositions; the drama, as acted or exhibited.
Knights, squires, and steeds, must enter on the stage.
--Pope.
Lo! Where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its
warped mirror to a gaping age. --C. Sprague.
6. A place where anything is publicly exhibited; the scene of
any noted action or carrer; the spot where any remarkable
affair occurs.
When we are born, we cry that we are come To this
stage of fools. --Shak.
Music and ethereal mirth Wherewith the stage of air
and earth did ring. --Miton.
7. The platform of a microscope, upon which an object is
placed to be viewed. See Illust. of {Microscope}.
8. A place of rest on a regularly traveled road; a stage
house; a station; a place appointed for a relay of horses.
9. A degree of advancement in a journey; one of several
portions into which a road or course is marked off; the
distance between two places of rest on a road; as, a stage
of ten miles.
A stage . . . signifies a certain distance on a
road. --Jeffrey.
He traveled by gig, with his wife, his favorite
horse performing the journey by easy stages.
--Smiles.
10. A degree of advancement in any pursuit, or of progress
toward an end or result.
Such a polity is suited only to a particular stage
in the progress of society. --Macaulay.
11. A large vehicle running from station to station for the
accomodation of the public; a stagecoach; an omnibus. ``A
parcel sent you by the stage.'' --Cowper.
I went in the sixpenny stage. --Swift.
12. (Biol.) One of several marked phases or periods in the
development and growth of many animals and plants; as,
the larval stage; pupa stage; z[oe]a stage.
{Stage box}, a box close to the stage in a theater.
{Stage carriage}, a stagecoach.
{Stage door}, the actor's and workmen's entrance to a
theater.
{Stage lights}, the lights by which the stage in a theater is
illuminated.
{Stage micrometer}, a graduated device applied to the stage
of a microscope for measuring the size of an object.
{Stage wagon}, a wagon which runs between two places for
conveying passengers or goods.
{Stage whisper}, a loud whisper, as by an actor in a theater,
supposed, for dramatic effect, to be unheard by one or
more of his fellow actors, yet audible to the audience; an
aside.
Stage \Stage\, v. t.
To exhibit upon a stage, or as upon a stage; to display
publicly. --Shak.
Stagecoach \Stage"coach`\, n.
A coach that runs regularly from one stage, station, or place
to another, for the conveyance of passengers.
Stagecoachman \Stage"coach`man\, n.; pl. {Stagecoachmen}.
One who drives a stagecoach.
Stagehouse \Stage"house`\, n.
A house where a stage regularly stops for passengers or a
relay of horses.
Stagely \Stage"ly\, a.
Pertaining to a stage; becoming the theater; theatrical.
[Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Stageplay \Stage"play`\, n.
A dramatic or theatrical entertainment. --Dryden.
Stageplayer \Stage"play`er\, n.
An actor on the stage; one whose occupation is to represent
characters on the stage; as, Garrick was a celebrated
stageplayer.
Stager \Sta"ger\, n.
1. A player. [R.] --B. Jonson.
2. One who has long acted on the stage of life; a
practitioner; a person of experience, or of skill derived
from long experience. ``You will find most of the old
stagers still stationary there.'' --Sir W. Scott.
3. A horse used in drawing a stage. [Colloq.]
Stagery \Sta"ger*y\, n.
Exhibition on the stage. [Obs.]
Stage-struck \Stage"-struck`\, a.
Fascinated by the stage; seized by a passionate desire to
become an actor.
Stag-evil \Stag"-e`vil\, n. (Far.)
A kind of palsy affecting the jaw of a horse. --Crabb.
Staggard \Stag"gard\, n. [From {Stag}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The male red deer when four years old.
Stagger \Stag"ger\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Staggered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Staggering}.] [OE. stakeren, Icel. stakra to push, to
stagger, fr. staka to punt, push, stagger; cf. OD. staggeren
to stagger. Cf. {Stake}, n.]
1. To move to one side and the other, as if about to fall, in
standing or walking; not to stand or walk with steadiness;
to sway; to reel or totter.
Deep was the wound; he staggered with the blow.
--Dryden.
2. To cease to stand firm; to begin to give way; to fail.
``The enemy staggers.'' --Addison.
3. To begin to doubt and waver in purposes; to become less
confident or determined; to hesitate.
He [Abraham] staggered not at the promise of God
through unbelief. --Rom. iv. 20.
Stagger \Stag"ger\, v. t.
1. To cause to reel or totter.
That hand shall burn in never-quenching fire That
staggers thus my person. --Shak.
2. To cause to doubt and waver; to make to hesitate; to make
less steady or confident; to shock.
Whosoever will read the story of this war will find
himself much stagered. --Howell.
Grants to the house of Russell were so enormous, as
not only to outrage economy, but even to stagger
credibility. --Burke.
3. To arrange (a series of parts) on each side of a median
line alternately, as the spokes of a wheel or the rivets
of a boiler seam.
Stagger \Stag"ger\, n.
1. An unsteady movement of the body in walking or standing,
as if one were about to fall; a reeling motion; vertigo;
-- often in the plural; as, the stagger of a drunken man.
2. pl. (Far.) A disease of horses and other animals, attended
by reeling, unsteady gait or sudden falling; as, parasitic
staggers; appopletic or sleepy staggers.
3. pl. Bewilderment; perplexity. [R.] --Shak.
{Stomach staggers} (Far.), distention of the stomach with
food or gas, resulting in indigestion, frequently in
death.
Staggerbush \Stag"ger*bush`\, n. (Bot.)
An American shrub ({Andromeda Mariana}) having clusters of
nodding white flowers. It grows in low, sandy places, and is
said to poison lambs and calves. --Gray.
Staggeringly \Stag"ger*ing*ly\, adv.
In a staggering manner.
Staggerwort \Stag"ger*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A kind of ragwort ({Senecio Jacob[ae]a}).
Stag-horn coral \Stag"-horn` co"ral\, Stag-horn fern
\Stag"-horn` fern`\, etc.
See under {Stag}.
Stag-horned \Stag"-horned`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the mandibles large and palmate, or branched somewhat
like the antlers of a stag; -- said of certain beetles.
Staghound \Stag"hound`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large and powerful hound formerly used in hunting the stag,
the wolf, and other large animals. The breed is nearly
extinct.
Staging \Sta"ging\, n.
A structure of posts and boards for supporting workmen, etc.,
as in building.
2. The business of running stagecoaches; also, the act of
journeying in stagecoaches.
Stagirite \Stag"i*rite\, n.
A native of, or resident in, Stagira, in ancient Macedonia;
especially, Aristotle. [Written also {Stagyrite}.]
Stagnancy \Stag"nan*cy\, n.
State of being stagnant.
Stagnant \Stag"nant\, a. [L. stagnans, -antis, p. pr. of
stagnare. See {Stagnate}.]
1. That stagnates; not flowing; not running in a current or
steam; motionless; hence, impure or foul from want of
motion; as, a stagnant lake or pond; stagnant blood in the
veins.
2. Not active or brisk; dull; as, business in stagnant.
That gloomy slumber of the stagnant soul. --Johnson.
For him a stagnant life was not worth living.
--Palfrey.
Stagnantly \Stag"nant*ly\, adv.
In a stagnant manner.
Stagnate \Stag"nate\ (st[a^]g"n[=a]t), v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Stagnated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Stagnating}.] [L. stagnatus, p.
p. of stagnare to stagnate, make stagnant, from stagnum a
piece of standing water. See {Stank} a pool, and cf.
{Stanch}, v. t.]
1. To cease to flow; to be motionless; as, blood stagnates in
the veins of an animal; hence, to become impure or foul by
want of motion; as, air stagnates in a close room.
2. To cease to be brisk or active; to become dull or
inactive; as, commerce stagnates; business stagnates.
Ready-witted tenderness . . . never stagnates in
vain lamentations while there is any room for hope.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Stagnate \Stag"nate\, a.
Stagnant. [Obs.] ``A stagnate mass of vapors.'' --Young.
Stagnation \Stag*na"tion\, n. [Cf. F. stagnation.]
1. The condition of being stagnant; cessation of flowing or
circulation, as of a fluid; the state of being motionless;
as, the stagnation of the blood; the stagnation of water
or air; the stagnation of vapors.
2. The cessation of action, or of brisk action; the state of
being dull; as, the stagnation of business.
Stagworm \Stag"worm\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The larve of any species of botfly which is parasitic upon
the stag, as {[OE]strus, or Hypoderma, act[ae]on}, which
burrows beneath the skin, and {Cephalomyia auribarbis}, which
lives in the nostrils.
Stahlian \Stahl"ian\, a.
Pertaining to, or taught by, Stahl, a German physician and
chemist of the 17th century; as, the Stahlian theory of
phlogiston.
Stahlian \Stahl"ian\, n.
A believer in, or advocate of, Stahlism.
Stahlism \Stahl"ism\, Stahlianism \Stahl"ian*ism\, n.
The Stahlian theoru, that every vital action is function or
operation of the soul.
Stail \Stail\,
imp. & p. p. of {Stay}.
Staid \Staid\, a. [From {Stay} to stop.]
Sober; grave; steady; sedate; composed; regular; not wild,
volatile, or fanciful. ``Sober and staid persons.''
--Addison.
O'erlaid with black, staid Wisdom's hue. --Milton.
Syn: Sober; grave; steady; steadfast; composed; regular;
sedate.
Staidly \Staid"ly\, adv.
In a staid manner, sedately.
Staidness \Staid"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being staid; seriousness; steadiness;
sedateness; regularity; -- the opposite of wildness, or
{levity}.
If sometimes he appears too gray, yet a secret
gracefulness of youth accompanies his writings, though
the staidness and sobriety of age wanting. --Dryden.
Syn: Sobriety; gravity; steadiness; regularity; constancy;
firmness; stability; sedateness.
Stail \Stail\, n.
A handle, as of a mop; a stale. [Eng.]
Stain \Stain\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stained}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Staining}.] [Abbrev. fr. distain.]
1. To discolor by the application of foreign matter; to make
foul; to spot; as, to stain the hand with dye; armor
stained with blood.
2. To color, as wood, glass, paper, cloth, or the like, by
processess affecting, chemically or otherwise, the
material itself; to tinge with a color or colors combining
with, or penetrating, the substance; to dye; as, to stain
wood with acids, colored washes, paint rubbed in, etc.; to
stain glass.
3. To spot with guilt or infamy; to bring reproach on; to
blot; to soil; to tarnish.
Of honor void, Of innocence, of faith, of purity,
Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained.
--Milton.
4. To cause to seem inferior or soiled by comparison.
She stains the ripest virgins of her age. --Beau. &
Fl.
That did all other beasts in beauty stain.
--Spenser.
{Stained glass}, glass colored or stained by certain metallic
pigments fused into its substance, -- often used for
making ornament windows.
Syn: To paint; dye; blot; soil; sully; discolor; disgrace;
taint.
Usage: {Paint}, {Stain}, {Dye}. These denote three different
processes; the first mechanical, the other two,
chiefly chemical. To paint a thing is so spread a coat
of coloring matter over it; to stain or dye a thing is
to impart color to its substance. To stain is said
chiefly of solids, as wood, glass, paper; to dye, of
fibrous substances, textile fabrics, etc.; the one,
commonly, a simple process, as applying a wash; the
other more complex, as fixing colors by mordants.
Stain \Stain\, v. i.
To give or receive a stain; to grow dim.
Stain \Stain\, n.
1. A discoloration by foreign matter; a spot; as, a stain on
a garment or cloth. --Shak.
2. A natural spot of a color different from the gound.
Swift trouts, diversified with crimson stains.
--Pope.
3. Taint of guilt; tarnish; disgrace; reproach.
Nor death itself can wholly wash their stains.
--Dryden.
Our opinion . . . is, I trust, without any blemish
or stain of heresy. --Hooker.
4. Cause of reproach; shame. --Sir P. Sidney.
5. A tincture; a tinge. [R.]
You have some stain of soldier in you. --Shak.
Syn: Blot; spot; taint; pollution; blemish; tarnish; color;
disgrace; infamy; shame.
Stainer \Stain"er\, n.
1. One who stains or tarnishes.
2. A workman who stains; as, a stainer of wood.
Stainless \Stain"less\, a.
Free from stain; immaculate. --Shak.
The veery care he took to keep his name Stainless, with
some was evidence of shame. --Crabbe.
Syn: Blameless; spotless; faultless. See {Blameless}.
Stainlessly \Stain"less*ly\, adv.
In a stainless manner.
Stair \Stair\, n. [OE. steir, steyer, AS. st?ger, from ?igan to
ascend, rise. [root]164. See {Sty} to ascend.]
1. One step of a series for ascending or descending to a
different level; -- commonly applied to those within a
building.
2. A series of steps, as for passing from one story of a
house to another; -- commonly used in the plural; but
originally used in the singular only. ``I a winding stair
found.'' --Chaucer's Dream.
{Below stairs}, in the basement or lower part of a house,
where the servants are.
{Flight of stairs}, the stairs which make the whole ascent of
a story.
{Pair of stairs}, a set or flight of stairs. -- pair, in this
phrase, having its old meaning of a set. See {Pair}, n.,
1.
{Run of stars} (Arch.), a single set of stairs, or section of
a stairway, from one platform to the next.
{Stair rod}, a rod, usually of metal, for holding a stair
carpet to its place.
{Up stairs}. See {Upstairs} in the Vocabulary.
Staircase \Stair"case`\, n.
A flight of stairs with their supporting framework, casing,
balusters, etc.
To make a complete staircase is a curious piece of
architecture. --Sir H.
Wotton.
{Staircase shell}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any scalaria, or wentletrap.
(b) Any species of Solarium, or perspective shell.
Stairhead \Stair"head`\, n.
The head or top of a staircase.
Stairway \Stair"way`\, n.
A flight of stairs or steps; a staircase. ``A rude and narrow
stairway.'' --Moore.
Staith \Staith\, n. [AS. st[ae]? a bank, shore, from the root of
E. stead.]
A landing place; an elevated staging upon a wharf for
discharging coal, etc., as from railway cars, into vessels.
Staithman \Staith"man\, n.
A man employed in weighing and shipping at a staith. [Eng.]
Stake \Stake\, n. [AS. staca, from the root of E. stick; akin to
OFries. & LG. stake, D. staak, Sw. stake, Dan. stage. See
{Stick}, v. t., and cf. {Estacade}, {Stockade}.]
1. A piece of wood, usually long and slender, pointed at one
end so as to be easily driven into the ground as a support
or stay; as, a stake to support vines, fences, hedges,
etc.
A sharpened stake strong Dryas found. --Dryden.
2. A stick inserted upright in a lop, eye, or mortise, at the
side or end of a cart, a flat car, or the like, to prevent
goods from falling off.
3. The piece of timber to which a martyr was affixed to be
burned; hence, martyrdom by fire.
4. A small anvil usually furnished with a tang to enter a
hole in a bench top, -- used by tinsmiths, blacksmiths,
etc., for light work, punching upon, etc.
5. That which is laid down as a wager; that which is staked
or hazarded; a pledge.
{At stake}, in danger; hazarded; pledged. ``I see my
reputation is at stake.'' --Shak.
Stake \Stake\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Staked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Staking}.]
1. To fasten, support, or defend with stakes; as, to stake
vines or plants.
2. To mark the limits of by stakes; -- with out; as, to stake
out land; to stake out a new road.
3. To put at hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a
future contingency; to wager; to pledge.
I'll stake yon lamb, that near the fountain plays.
--Pope.
4. To pierce or wound with a stake. --Spectator.
Stake-driver \Stake"-driv`er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The common American bittern ({Botaurus lentiginosus}); -- so
called because one of its notes resembles the sound made in
driving a stake into the mud. Called also {meadow hen}, and
{Indian hen}.
Stakehead \Stake"head`\, n. (Rope making)
A horizontal bar on a stake, used for supporting the yarns
which are kept apart by pins in the bar.
Stakeholder \Stake"hold`er\, n.
The holder of a stake; one with whom the bets are deposited
when a wager is laid.
Staktometer \Stak*tom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? falling by drops +
-meter.]
A drop measurer; a glass tube tapering to a small orifice at
the point, and having a bulb in the middle, used for finding
the number of drops in equal quantities of different liquids.
See {Pipette}. --Sir D. Brewster.
Stal \Stal\, obs. imp. of {Steal}.
Stole.
Stalactic \Sta*lac"tic\, Stalactical \Sta*lac"tic*al\, a.
(Geol.)
Stalactic.
Stalactoform \Sta*lac"to*form\, a.
Like a stalactite; resembling a stalactite.
Stalactite \Sta*lac"tite\, n.; pl. {Stalactites}. [Gr. ? oozing
out in drops, dropping, fr. ? to drop: cf. F. stalactite.]
(Geol.)
(a) A pendent cone or cylinder of calcium carbonate
resembling an icicle in form and mode of attachment.
Stalactites are found depending from the roof or sides of
caverns, and are produced by deposition from waters which
have percolated through, and partially dissolved, the
overlying limestone rocks.
(b) In an extended sense, any mineral or rock of similar form
and origin; as, a stalactite of lava.
Stalactites \Stal`ac*ti"tes\, n. [NL.]
A stalactite. [Obs.] --Woodward.
Stalactitic \Stal`ac*tit"ic\, Stalactitical \Stal`ac*tit"ic*al\,
a. [Cf. F. stalactitique.] (Geol.)
Of or pertaining to a stalactite; having the form or
characters of a stalactite; stalactic.
Stalactitiform \Stal`ac*tit"i*form\, a.
Having the form of a stalactite; stalactiform.
Stalagmite \Sta*lag"mite\, n. [Gr. ? that which drops, a drop,
fr. ? to drop; cf. F. stalagmite.] (Geol.)
A deposit more or less resembling an inverted stalactite,
formed by calcareous water dropping on the floors of caverns;
hence, a similar deposit of other material.
Stalagmitic \Stal`ag*mit"ic\, Stalagmitical \Stal`ag*mit"ic*al\,
a.
Having the form or structure of stalagmites. --
{Stal`ag*mit"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Stalder \Stal"der\, n. [From the root of stall.]
A wooden frame to set casks on. [Prov. Eng.]
Stale \Stale\, n. [OE. stale, stele, AS. st[ae]l, stel; akin to
LG. & D. steel, G. stiel; cf. L. stilus stake, stalk, stem,
Gr. ? a handle, and E. stall, stalk, n.]
The stock or handle of anything; as, the stale of a rake.
[Written also {steal}, {stele}, etc.]
But seeling the arrow's stale without, and that the
head did go No further than it might be seen.
--Chapman.
Stale \Stale\, a. [Akin to stale urine, and to stall, n.;
probably from Low German or Scandinavian. Cf. {Stale}, v. i.]
1. Vapid or tasteless from age; having lost its life, spirit,
and flavor, from being long kept; as, stale beer.
2. Not new; not freshly made; as, stele bread.
3. Having lost the life or graces of youth; worn out;
decayed. ``A stale virgin.'' --Spectator.
4. Worn out by use or familiarity; having lost its novelty
and power of pleasing; trite; common. --Swift.
Wit itself, if stale is less pleasing. --Grew.
How weary, stale flat, and unprofitable Seem to me
all the uses of this world! --Shak.
{Stale affidavit} (Law), an affidavit held above a year.
--Craig.
{Stale demand} (Law), a claim or demand which has not been
pressed or demanded for a long time.
Stale \Stale\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Staled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Staling}.]
To make vapid or tasteless; to destroy the life, beauty, or
use of; to wear out.
Age can not wither her, nor custom stale Her infinite
variety. --Shak.
Stale \Stale\, v. i. [Akin to D. & G. stallen, Dan. stalle, Sw.
stalla, and E. stall a stable. ? 163. See {Stall}, n., and
cf. {Stale}, a.]
To make water; to discharge urine; -- said especially of
horses and cattle. --Hudibras.
Stale \Stale\, n. [See {Stale}, a. & v. i.]
1. That which is stale or worn out by long keeping, or by
use. [Obs.]
2. A prostitute. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. Urine, esp. that of beasts. ``Stale of horses.'' --Shak.
Stale \Stale\, n. [Cf. OF. estal place, position, abode, market,
F. ['e]tal a butcher's stall, OHG. stal station, place,
stable, G. stall (see {Stall}, n.); or from OE. stale theft,
AS. stalu (see {Steal}, v. t.)]
1. Something set, or offered to view, as an allurement to
draw others to any place or purpose; a decoy; a stool
pigeon. [Obs.]
Still, as he went, he crafty stales did lay.
--Spenser.
2. A stalking-horse. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
3. (Chess) A stalemate. [Obs.] --Bacon.
4. A laughingstock; a dupe. [Obs.] --Shak.
Stalely \Stale"ly\, adv.
1. In a state stale manner.
2. Of old; long since. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Stalemate \Stale"mate`\, n. (Chess)
The position of the king when he can not move without being
placed on check and there is no other piece which can be
moved.
Stalemate \Stale"mate`\, v. t. (Chess)
To subject to a stalemate; hence, to bring to a stand.
Staleness \Stale"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stale.
Stalk \Stalk\, n. [OE. stalke, fr. AS. st[ae]l, stel, a stalk.
See {Stale} a handle, {Stall}.]
1. (Bot.)
(a) The stem or main axis of a plant; as, a stalk of
wheat, rye, or oats; the stalks of maize or hemp.
(b) The petiole, pedicel, or peduncle, of a plant.
2. That which resembes the stalk of a plant, as the stem of a
quill. --Grew.
3. (Arch.) An ornament in the Corinthian capital resembling
the stalk of a plant, from which the volutes and helices
spring.
4. One of the two upright pieces of a ladder. [Obs.]
To climd by the rungs and the stalks. --Chaucer.
5. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A stem or peduncle, as of certain barnacles and
crinoids.
(b) The narrow basal portion of the abdomen of a
hymenopterous insect.
(c) The peduncle of the eyes of decapod crustaceans.
6. (Founding) An iron bar with projections inserted in a core
to strengthen it; a core arbor.
{Stalk borer} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of a noctuid moth
({Gortyna nitela}), which bores in the stalks of the
raspberry, strawberry, tomato, asters, and many other
garden plants, often doing much injury.
Stalk \Stalk\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Stalked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stalking}.] [AS. st[ae]lcan, stealcian to go slowly; cf.
stels high, elevated, Dan. stalke to stalk; probably akin to
1st stalk.]
1. To walk slowly and cautiously; to walk in a stealthy,
noiseless manner; -- sometimes used with a reflexive
pronoun. --Shak.
Into the chamber he stalked him full still.
--Chaucer.
[Bertran] stalks close behind her, like a witch's
fiend, Pressing to be employed. --Dryden.
2. To walk behind something as a screen, for the purpose of
approaching game; to proceed under clover.
The king . . . crept under the shoulder of his led
horse; . . . ``I must stalk,'' said he. --Bacon.
One underneath his horse, to get a shoot doth stalk.
--Drayton.
3. To walk with high and proud steps; usually implying the
affectation of dignity, and indicating dislike. The word
is used, however, especially by the poets, to express
dignity of step.
With manly mien he stalked along the ground.
--Dryden.
Then stalking through the deep, He fords the ocean.
--Addison.
I forbear myself from entering the lists in which he
has long stalked alone and unchallenged. --Mericale.
Stalk \Stalk\, v. t.
To approach under cover of a screen, or by stealth, for the
purpose of killing, as game.
As for shooting a man from behind a wall, it is cruelly
like to stalking a deer. --Sir W.
Scott.
Stalk \Stalk\, n.
A high, proud, stately step or walk.
Thus twice before, . . . With martial stalk hath he
gone by our watch. --Shak.
The which with monstrous stalk behind him stepped.
--Spenser.
Stalked \Stalked\, a.
Having a stalk or stem; borne upon a stem.
{Stalked barnacle} (Zo["o]l.), a goose barnacle, or anatifer;
-- called also {stalk barnacle}.
{Stalked crinoid} (Zo["o]l.), any crinoid having a jointed
stem.
Stalker \Stalk"er\, n.
1. One who stalks.
2. A kind of fishing net.
Stalk-eyed \Stalk"-eyed`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the eyes raised on a stalk, or peduncle; -- opposed to
{sessile-eyed}. Said especially of podophthalmous
crustaceans.
{Stalked-eyed crustaceans}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Podophthalmia}.
Stalking-horse \Stalk"ing-horse\, n.
1. A horse, or a figure resembling a horse, behind which a
hunter conceals himself from the game he is aiming to
kill.
2. Fig.: Something used to cover up a secret project; a mask;
a pretense.
Hypocrisy is the devil's stalking-horse under an
affectation of simplicity and religion.
--L'Estrange.
How much more abominable is it to make of him
[Christ] and religion a stalking-horse, to get and
enjoy the world! --Bunyan.
Stalkless \Stalk"less\, a.
Having no stalk.
Stalky \Stalk"y\, a.
Hard as a stalk; resembling a stalk.
At the top [it] bears a great stalky head. --Mortimer.
Stall \Stall\, n. [OE. stal, AS. steall, stall, a place, seat,
or station, a stable; akin to D. & OHG. stal, G. & Sw. stall,
stallr, Dan. stald, originally, a standing place; akin to G.
selle a place, stellen to place, Gr. ? to set, place, send,
and E. stand. ? 163. See {Stand}, and cf. {Apostle},
{Epistle}, {Forestall}, {Install}, {Stale}, a. & v. i., 1st
{Stalk}, {Stallion}, {Still}.]
1. A stand; a station; a fixed spot; hence, the stand or
place where a horse or an ox kept and fed; the division of
a stable, or the compartment, for one horse, ox, or other
animal. ``In an oxes stall.'' --Chaucer.
2. A stable; a place for cattle.
At last he found a stall where oxen stood. --Dryden.
3. A small apartment or shed in which merchandise is exposed
for sale; as, a butcher's stall; a bookstall.
4. A bench or table on which small articles of merchandise
are exposed for sale.
How peddlers' stalls with glittering toys are laid.
--Gay.
5. A seat in the choir of a church, for one of the
officiating clergy. It is inclosed, either wholly or
partially, at the back and sides. The stalls are
frequently very rich, with canopies and elaborate carving.
The dignifird clergy, out of humanility, have called
their thrones by the names of stalls. --Bp.
Warburton.
Loud the monks in their stalls. --Longfellow.
6. In the theater, a seat with arms or otherwise partly
inclosed, as distinguished from the benches, sofas, etc.
7. (Mining) The space left by excavation between pillars. See
{Post and stall}, under {Post}.
{Stall reader}, one who reads books at a stall where they are
exposed for sale.
Cries the stall reader, ``Bless us! what a word on A
titlepage is this!'' --Milton.
Stall \Stall\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stalled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stalling}.] [Cf. Sw. stalla, Dan. stalde.]
1. To put into a stall or stable; to keep in a stall or
stalls; as, to stall an ox.
Where King Latinus then his oxen stalled.
Dryden.
2. To fatten; as, to stall cattle. [Prov. Eng.]
3. To place in an office with the customary formalities; to
install. --Shak.
4. To plunge into mire or snow so as not to be able to get
on; to set; to fix; as, to stall a cart. --Burton.
His horses had been stalled in the snow. --E. E.
Hale.
5. To forestall; to anticipitate. Having
This not to be stall'd by my report. --Massinger.
6. To keep close; to keep secret. [Obs.]
Stall this in your bosom. --Shak.
Stall \Stall\, v. i. [AS. steallian to have room. See {Stall},
n.]
1. To live in, or as in, a stall; to dwell. [Obs.]
We could not stall together In the whole world.
--Shak.
2. To kennel, as dogs. --Johnson.
3. To be set, as in mire or snow; to stick fast.
4. To be tired of eating, as cattle. [Prov. Eng.]
Stallage \Stall"age\, n. [Cf. OF. estallange, of German origin.
{See Stall}, n. ]
1. (Eng. Law) The right of erecting a stalls in fairs; rent
paid for a stall.
2. Dung of cattle or horses, mixed with straw. [Obs.]
Stallation \Stal*la"tion\, n.
Installation. [Obs.]
Stalled \Stalled\, a.
Put or kept in a stall; hence, fatted. ``A stalled ox.''
--Prov. xv. 17.
Staller \Stall"er\, n.
A standard bearer. obtaining --Fuller.
Stall-feed \Stall"-feed\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stall-fed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Stall-feeding}.]
To feed and fatten in a stall or on dry fodder; as, to
stall-feed an ox.
Stalling \Stall"ing\, n.
Stabling. --Tennyson.
Stallion \Stal"lion\, n. [OE. stalon, OF. estalon, F. ['e]talon,
fr. OHG. stal a stable. See {Stall}, n.]
A male horse not castrated; a male horse kept for breeding.
Stallman \Stall"man\, n.; pl. {Stallmen}.
One who keeps a stall for the sale of merchandise, especially
books. --Sterne.
Stallon \Stal"lon\, n.
A slip from a plant; a scion; a cutting. [R.] --Holished.
Stalwart \Stal"wart\, Stalworth \Stal"worth\, a. [OE. stalworth,
AS. st[ae]lwyr[eth] serviceable, probably originally, good at
stealing, or worth stealing or taking, and afterwards
extended to other causes of estimation. See {Steal}, v. t.,
{Worth}, a.]
Brave; bold; strong; redoubted; daring; vehement; violent.
``A stalwart tiller of the soil.'' --Prof. Wilson.
Fair man be was and wise, stalworth and bold. --R. of
Brunne.
Note: Stalworth is now disused, or bur little used, stalwart
having taken its place.
Stalwartly \Stal"wart*ly\, adv.
In a stalwart manner.
Stalwartness \Stal"wart*ness\, n.
The quality of being stalwart.
Stalworthhood \Stal"worth*hood\, Stalworthness
\Stal"worth*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stalworth; stalwartness;
boldness; daring. [Obs.]
Stamen \Sta"men\, n.; pl. E. {Stamens}(used only in the second
sense); L. {Stamina}(in the first sense). [L. stamen the
warp, a thread, fiber, akin to Gr. ? the warp, fr. ? to
stand, akin to E. stand. See {Stand}, and cf. {Stamin},
{Stamina}.]
1. A thread; especially, a warp thread.
2. (pl. {Stamens}, rarely {Stamina}.) (Bot.) The male organ
of flowers for secreting and furnishing the pollen or
fecundating dust. It consists of the anther and filament.
Stamened \Sta"mened\, a.
Furnished with stamens.
Stamin \Sta"min\, n. [OF. estamine, F. ['e]tamine, LL. staminea,
stamineum, fr. L. stamineus consisting of threads, fr. stamen
a thread. See {Stamen}, and cf. {Stamineous}, 2d {Stammel},
{Tamine}.]
A kind of woolen cloth. [Written also {stamine}.] [Obs.]
Stamina \Stam"i*na\, n. pl.
See {Stamen}.
Stamina \Stam"i*na\, n. pl.
1. The fixed, firm part of a body, which supports it or gives
it strength and solidity; as, the bones are the stamina of
animal bodies; the ligneous parts of trees are the stamina
which constitute their strength.
2. Whatever constitutes the principal strength or support of
anything; power of endurance; backbone; vigor; as, the
stamina of a constitution or of life; the stamina of a
State.
He succeeded to great captains who had sapped the
whole stamina and resistance of the contest. --De
Quincey.
Staminal \Stam"i*nal\, a. [Cf. F. staminal.]
Of or pertaining to stamens or stamina; consisting in
stamens.
Staminate \Stam"i*nate\, a. [L. staminatus consisting of
threads, fr. stamen thread: cf. F. stamin['e].] (Bot.)
(a) Furnished with stamens; producing stamens.
(b) Having stamens, but lacking pistils.
Staminate \Stam"i*nate\, v. t.
To indue with stamina. [R.]
Stamineal \Sta*min"e*al\, Stamineous \Sta*min"e*ous\, a. [L.
stamineus, from stamen thread.]
1. Consisting of stamens or threads.
2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the stamens; possessing
stamens; also, attached to the stamens; as, a stamineous
nectary.
Staminiferous \Stam`i*nif"er*ous\, a. [Stamen + -ferous.]
Bearing or having stamens.
Staminode \Stam"i*node\, n. (Bot.)
A staminodium.
Staminodium \Stam`i*no"di*um\, n.; pl. {Staminodia}. [NL. See
{Stamen}, and -{oid}.] (Bot.)
An abortive stamen, or any organ modified from an abortive
stamen.
Stammel \Stam"mel\, n.
A large, clumsy horse. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
Stammel \Stam"mel\, n. [OF. estamel; cf. OF. estamet a coarse
woolen cloth, LL. stameta a kind of cloth, the same as
staminea, and OF. estame a woolen stuff. See {Stamin}.]
1. A kind of woolen cloth formerly in use. It seems to have
been often of a red color. [Obs.]
2. A red dye, used in England in the 15th and 16th centuries.
--B. Jonson.
Stammel \Stam"mel\, a.
Of the color of stammel; having a red color, thought inferior
to scarlet.
Stammer \Stam"mer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Stammered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Stammering}.] [OE. stameren, fr. AS. stamur, stamer,
stammering; akin to D. & LG. stameren to stammer, G.
stammeln, OHG. stammal?n, stamm?n, Dan. stamme, Sw. stamma,
Icel. stama, stamma, OHG. & Dan. stam stammering, Icel.
stamr, Goth. stamms, and to G. stemmen to bear against, stumm
dumb, D. stom. Cf. {Stem} to resist, {Stumble}.]
To make involuntary stops in uttering syllables or words; to
hesitate or falter in speaking; to speak with stops and
diffivulty; to stutter.
I would thou couldst stammer, that thou mightest pour
this conclead man out of thy mouth, as wine comes out
of a narrow-mouthed bottle, either too much at once, or
none at all. --Shak.
Stammer \Stam"mer\, v. t.
To utter or pronounce with hesitation or imperfectly; --
sometimes with out.
Stammer \Stam"mer\, n.
Defective utterance, or involuntary interruption of
utterance; a stutter.
Stammerer \Stam"mer*er\, n.
One who stammers.
Stammering \Stam"mer*ing\, a.
Apt to stammer; hesitating in speech; stuttering. --
{Stam"mer*ing*ly}, adv.
Stammering \Stam"mer*ing\, n. (Physiol.)
A disturbance in the formation of sounds. It is due
essentially to long-continued spasmodic contraction of the
diaphragm, by which expiration is preented, and hence it may
be considered as a spasmodic inspiration.
Stamp \Stamp\v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stamped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stamping}.] [OE. stampen; akin to LG. & D. stampen, G.
stampfen, OHG. stanpf?n, Dan. stampe, Sw. stampa, Icel.
stappa, G. stampf a pestle and E. step. See {Step}, v. i.,
and cf. {Stampede}.]
1. To strike beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the
foot, or by thrusting the foot downward. --Shak.
He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.
--Dryden.
2. To bring down (the foot) forcibly on the ground or floor;
as, he stamped his foot with rage.
3. To crush; to pulverize; specifically (Metal.), to crush by
the blow of a heavy stamp, as ore in a mill.
I took your sin, the calf which ye had made, and
burnt it with fire, and stamped it, and ground it
very small. --Deut. ix.
21.
4. To impress with some mark or figure; as, to stamp a plate
with arms or initials.
5. Fig.: To impress; to imprint; to fix deeply; as, to stamp
virtuous principles on the heart.
God . . . has stamped no original characters on our
minds wherein we may read his being. --Locke.
6. To cut out, bend, or indent, as paper, sheet metal, etc.,
into various forms, by a blow or suddenly applied pressure
with a stamp or die, etc.; to mint; to coin.
7. To put a stamp on, as for postage; as, to stamp a letter;
to stamp a legal document.
{To stamp out}, to put an end to by sudden and energetic
action; to extinguish; as, to stamp out a rebellion.
Stamp \Stamp\, v. i.
1. To strike; to beat; to crush.
These cooks how they stamp and strain and grind.
--Chaucer.
2. To strike the foot forcibly downward.
But starts, exclaims, and stamps, and raves, and
dies. --dennis.
Stamp \Stamp\, n.
1. The act of stamping, as with the foot.
2. The which stamps; any instrument for making impressions on
other bodies, as a die.
'T is gold so pure It can not bear the stamp without
alloy. --Dryden.
3. The mark made by stamping; a mark imprinted; an
impression.
That sacred name gives ornament and grace, And, like
his stamp, makes basest metals pass. --Dryden.
4. that which is marked; a thing stamped.
hanging a golden stamp about their necks. --Shak.
5. [F. estampe, of german origin. See {Stamp}, v. t.] A
picture cut in wood or metal, or made by impression; a
cut; a plate. [Obs.]
At Venice they put out very curious stamps of the
several edifices which are most famous for their
beauty and magnificence. --Addison.
6. An offical mark set upon things chargeable with a duty or
tax to government, as evidence that the duty or tax is
paid; as, the stamp on a bill of exchange.
7. Hence, a stamped or printed device, issued by the
government at a fixed price, and required by law to be
affixed to, or stamped on, certain papers, as evidence
that the government dues are paid; as, a postage stamp; a
receipt stamp, etc.
8. An instrument for cutting out, or shaping, materials, as
paper, leather, etc., by a downward pressure.
9. A character or reputation, good or bad, fixed on anything
as if by an imprinted mark; current value; authority; as,
these persons have the stamp of dishonesty; the Scriptures
bear the stamp of a divine origin.
Of the same stamp is that which is obtruded on us,
that an adamant suspends the attraction of the
loadstone. --Sir T.
Browne.
10. Make; cast; form; character; as, a man of the same stamp,
or of a different stamp.
A soldier of this season's stamp. --Shak.
11. A kind of heavy hammer, or pestle, raised by water or
steam power, for beating ores to powder; anything like a
pestle, used for pounding or bathing.
12. A half-penny. [Obs.] --au. & Fl.
13. pl. Money, esp. paper money. [Slang, U.S.]
{Stamp act}, an act of the British Parliament [1765] imposing
a duty on all paper, vellum, and parchment used in the
American colonies, and declaring all writings on unstamped
materials to be null an void.
{Stamp collector}, an officer who receives or collects stamp
duties; one who collects postage or other stamps.
{Stamp duty}, a duty, or tax, imposed on paper and parchment
used for certain writings, as deeds, conveyances, etc.,
the evidence of the payment of the duty or tax being a
stamp. [Eng.]
{Stamp hammer}, a hammer, worked by power, which rises and
falls vertically, like a stamp in a stamp mill.
{Stamp head}, a heavy mass of metal, forming the head or
lower end of a bar, which is lifted and let fall, in a
stamp mill.
{Stamp mill} (Mining), a mill in which ore is crushed with
stamps; also, a machine for stamping ore.
{Stamp note}, a stamped certificate from a customhouse
officer, which allows goods to be received by the captain
of a ship as freight. [Eng.]
{Stamp office}, an office for the issue of stamps and the
reception of stamp duties.
Stampede \Stam*pede"\, n. [Sp. estampida (in America) a
stampede, estampido a crackling, akin to estampar to stamp,
of German origin. See {Stamp}, v. t.]
A wild, headlong scamper, or running away, of a number of
animals; usually caused by fright; hence, any sudden flight
or dispersion, as of a crowd or an army in consequence of a
panic.
She and her husband would join in the general stampede.
--W. Black.
Stampede \Stam*pede"\, v. i.
To run away in a panic; -- said droves of cattle, horses,
etc., also of armies.
Stampede \Stam*pede"\, v. t.
To disperse by causing sudden fright, as a herd or drove of
animals.
Stamper \Stamp"er\, n.
1. One who stamps.
2. An instrument for pounding or stamping.
Stamping \Stamp"ing\,
a. & n. from {Stamp}, v.
{Stamping ground}, a place frequented, and much trodden, by
animals, wild or domesticated; hence (Colloq.), the scene
of one's labors or exploits; also, one's favorite resort.
[U.S.]
{Stamping machine}, a machine for forming metallic articles
or impressions by stamping.
{Stamping mill} (Mining), a stamp mill.
Stance \Stance\, n. [OF. estance. See {Stanza}.]
1. A stanza. [Obs.] --Chapman.
2. A station; a position; a site. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Stanch \Stanch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stanched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stanching}.] [OF. estanchier, F. ['e]tancher to stpo a
liquid from flowing; akin to Pr., Sp., & Pg. estancar, It.
stancare to weary, LL. stancare, stagnare, to stanch, fr. L.
stagnare to be or make stagnant. See {Stagnate}.]
1. To stop the flowing of, as blood; to check; also, to stop
the flowing of blood from; as, to stanch a wound. [Written
also {staunch}.]
Iron or a stone laid to the neck doth stanch the
bleeding of the nose. --Bacon.
2. To extinguish; to quench, as fire or thirst. [Obs.]
Stanch \Stanch\, v. i.
To cease, as the flowing of blood.
Immediately her issue of blood stanched. --Luke viii.
44.
Stanch \Stanch\, n.
1. That which stanches or checks. [Obs.]
2. A flood gate by which water is accumulated, for floating a
boat over a shallow part of a stream by its release.
--Knight.
Stanch \Stanch\, a. [Compar. {Stancher}; superl. {Stanchest}.]
[From {Stanch}, v. t., and hence literally signifying,
stopped or stayed; cf. Sp. estanco stopped, tight, not leaky,
as a ship. See {Stanch}, v. t.] [Written also {staunch}.]
1. Strong and tight; sound; firm; as, a stanch ship.
One of the closets is parqueted with plain deal, set
in diamond, exceeding stanch and pretty. --Evelyn.
2. Firm in principle; constant and zealous; loyal; hearty;
steady; steadfast; as, a stanch churchman; a stanch friend
or adherent. --V. Knox.
In politics I hear you 're stanch. --Prior.
3. Close; secret; private. [Obs.]
This to be kept stanch. --Locke.
Stanch \Stanch\, v. t.
To prop; to make stanch, or strong.
His gathered sticks to stanch the wall Of the snow
tower when snow should fall. --Emerson.
Stanchel \Stan"chel\, n.
A stanchion.
Stancher \Stanch"er\, n.
One who, or that which, stanches, or stops, the flowing, as
of blood.
Stanchion \Stan"chion\, n. [OF. estanson, estan[,c]on, F.
['e]tan[,c]on, from OF. estance a stay, a prop, from L.
stans, stantis, standing, p. pr. of stare to stand. See
{Stand}, and cf. {Stanza}.] [Written also {stanchel}.]
1. (Arch.) A prop or support; a piece of timber in the form
of a stake or post, used for a support or stay.
2. (Naut.) Any upright post or beam used as a support, as for
the deck, the quarter rails, awnings, etc.
3. A vertical bar for confining cattle in a stall.
Stanchless \Stanch"less\, a.
1. Incapable of being stanched, or stopped.
2. Unquenchable; insatiable. [Obs.] --Shak.
Stanchly \Stanch"ly\, adv.
In a stanch manner.
Stanchness \Stanch"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stanch.
Stand \Stand\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Stood}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Standing}.] [OE. standen; AS. standan; akin to OFries.
stonda, st[=a]n, D. staan, OS. standan, st[=a]n, G. stehen,
Icel. standa, Dan. staae, Sw. st[*a], Goth. standan, Russ.
stoiate, L. stare, Gr. ? to cause to stand, ? to stand, Skr.
sth[=a]. [root]163. Cf. {Assist}, {Constant}, {Contrast},
{Desist}, {Destine}, {Ecstasy}, {Exist}, {Interstice},
{Obstacle}, {Obstinate}, {Prest}, n., {Rest} remainder,
{Soltice}, {Stable}, a. & n., {State}, n., {Statute},
{Stead}, {Steed}, {Stool}, {Stud} of horses, {Substance},
{System}.]
1. To be at rest in an erect position; to be fixed in an
upright or firm position; as:
(a) To be supported on the feet, in an erect or nearly
erect position; -- opposed to {lie}, {sit}, {kneel},
etc. ``I pray you all, stand up!'' --Shak.
(b) To continue upright in a certain locality, as a tree
fixed by the roots, or a building resting on its
foundation.
It stands as it were to the ground yglued.
--Chaucer.
The ruined wall Stands when its wind worn
battlements are gone. --Byron.
2. To occupy or hold a place; to have a situation; to be
situated or located; as, Paris stands on the Seine.
Wite ye not where there stands a little town?
--Chaucer.
3. To cease from progress; not to proceed; to stop; to pause;
to halt; to remain stationary.
I charge thee, stand, And tell thy name. --Dryden.
The star, which they saw in the east, went before
them, till it came and stood over where the young
child was. --Matt. ii. 9.
4. To remain without ruin or injury; to hold good against
tendencies to impair or injure; to be permanent; to
endure; to last; hence, to find endurance, strength, or
resources.
My mind on its own center stands unmoved. --Dryden.
5. To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or
yield; to be safe.
Readers by whose judgment I would stand or fall.
--Spectator.
6. To maintain an invincible or permanent attitude; to be
fixed, steady, or firm; to take a position in resistance
or opposition. ``The standing pattern of their
imitation.'' --South.
The king granted the Jews . . . to gather themselves
together, and to stand for their life. --Esther
viii. 11.
7. To adhere to fixed principles; to maintain moral
rectitude; to keep from falling into error or vice.
We must labor so as to stand with godliness,
according to his appointment. --Latimer.
8. To have or maintain a position, order, or rank; to be in a
particular relation; as, Christian charity, or love,
stands first in the rank of gifts.
9. To be in some particular state; to have essence or being;
to be; to consist. ``Sacrifices . . . which stood only in
meats and drinks.'' --Heb. ix. 10.
Accomplish what your signs foreshow; I stand
resigned, and am prepared to go. --Dryden.
Thou seest how it stands with me, and that I may not
tarry. --Sir W.
Scott.
10. To be consistent; to agree; to accord.
Doubt me not; by heaven, I will do nothing But what
may stand with honor. --Massinger.
11. (Naut.) To hold a course at sea; as, to stand from the
shore; to stand for the harbor.
From the same parts of heaven his navy stands.
--Dryden.
12. To offer one's self, or to be offered, as a candidate.
He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the
university. --Walton.
13. To stagnate; not to flow; to be motionless.
Or the black water of Pomptina stands. --Dryden.
14. To measure when erect on the feet.
Six feet two, as I think, he stands. --Tennyson.
15. (Law)
(a) To be or remain as it is; to continue in force; to
have efficacy or validity; to abide. --Bouvier.
(b) To appear in court. --Burrill.
{Stand by} (Naut.), a preparatory order, equivalent to {Be
ready}.
{To stand against}, to opposite; to resist.
{To stand by}.
(a) To be near; to be a spectator; to be present.
(b) To be aside; to be aside with disregard. ``In the
interim [we] let the commands stand by neglected.''
--Dr. H. More.
(c) To maintain; to defend; to support; not to desert;
as, to stand by one's principles or party.
(d) To rest on for support; to be supported by.
--Whitgift.
{To stand corrected}, to be set right, as after an error in a
statement of fact. --Wycherley.
{To stand fast}, to be fixed; to be unshaken or immovable.
{To stand firmly on}, to be satisfied or convinced of.
``Though Page be a secure fool, and stands so firmly on
his wife's frailty.'' --Shak.
{To stand for}.
(a) To side with; to espouse the cause of; to support; to
maintain, or to profess or attempt to maintain; to
defend. ``I stand wholly for you.'' --Shak.
(b) To be in the place of; to be the substitute or to
represent; as, a cipher at the left hand of a figure
stands for nothing. ``I will not trouble myself,
whether these names stand for the same thing, or
really include one another.'' --Locke.
{To stand in}, to cost. ``The same standeth them in much less
cost.'' --Robynson (More's Utopia).
The Punic wars could not have stood the human race
in less than three millions of the species. --Burke.
{To stand in hand}, to conduce to one's interest; to be
serviceable or advantageous.
{To stand off}.
(a) To keep at a distance.
(b) Not to comply.
(c) To keep at a distance in friendship, social
intercourse, or acquaintance.
(d) To appear prominent; to have relief. ``Picture is
best when it standeth off, as if it were carved.''
--Sir H. Wotton.
{To stand off and on} (Naut.), to remain near a coast by
sailing toward land and then from it.
{To stand on} (Naut.), to continue on the same tack or
course.
{To stand out}.
(a) To project; to be prominent. ``Their eyes stand out
with fatness.'' --Psalm lxxiii. 7.
(b) To persist in opposition or resistance; not to yield
or comply; not to give way or recede.
His spirit is come in, That so stood out
against the holy church. --Shak.
{To stand to}.
(a) To ply; to urge; to persevere in using. ``Stand to
your tackles, mates, and stretch your oars.''
--Dryden.
(b) To remain fixed in a purpose or opinion. ``I will
stand to it, that this is his sense.'' --Bp.
Stillingfleet.
(c) To abide by; to adhere to; as to a contrast,
assertion, promise, etc.; as, to stand to an award;
to stand to one's word.
(d) Not to yield; not to fly; to maintain, as one's
ground. ``Their lives and fortunes were put in
safety, whether they stood to it or ran away.''
--Bacon.
(e) To be consistent with; to agree with; as, it stands
to reason that he could not have done so.
(f) To support; to uphold. ``Stand to me in this cause.''
--Shak.
{To stand together}, to be consistent; to agree.
{To stand to sea} (Naut.), to direct the course from land.
{To stand under}, to undergo; to withstand. --Shak.
{To stand up}.
(a) To rise from sitting; to be on the feet.
(b) To arise in order to speak or act. ``Against whom,
when the accusers stood up, they brought none
accusation of such things as I supposed.'' --Acts
xxv. 18.
(c) To rise and stand on end, as the hair.
(d) To put one's self in opposition; to contend. ``Once
we stood up about the corn.'' --Shak.
{To stand up for}, to defend; to justify; to support, or
attempt to support; as, to stand up for the
administration.
{To stand upon}.
(a) To concern; to interest.
(b) To value; to esteem. ``We highly esteem and stand
much upon our birth.'' --Ray.
(c) To insist on; to attach much importance to; as, to
stand upon security; to stand upon ceremony.
(d) To attack; to assault. [A Hebraism] ``So I stood upon
him, and slew him.'' --2 Sam. i. 10.
{To stand with}, to be consistent with. ``It stands with
reason that they should be rewarded liberally.'' --Sir J.
Davies.
Stand \Stand\, v. t.
1. To endure; to sustain; to bear; as, I can not stand the
cold or the heat.
2. To resist, without yielding or receding; to withstand.
``Love stood the siege.'' --Dryden.
He stood the furious foe. --Pope.
3. To abide by; to submit to; to suffer.
Bid him disband his legions, . . . And stand the
judgment of a Roman senate. --Addison.
4. To set upright; to cause to stand; as, to stand a book on
the shelf; to stand a man on his feet.
5. To be at the expense of; to pay for; as, to stand a treat.
[Colloq.] --Thackeray.
{To stand fire}, to receive the fire of arms from an enemy
without giving way.
{To stand one's ground}, to keep the ground or station one
has taken; to maintain one's position. ``Peasants and
burghers, however brave, are unable to stand their ground
against veteran soldiers.'' --Macaulay.
{To stand trial}, to sustain the trial or examination of a
cause; not to give up without trial.
Stand \Stand\, n. [As. stand. See {Stand}, v. i.]
1. The act of standing.
I took my stand upon an eminence . . . to look into
thier several ladings. --Spectator.
2. A halt or stop for the purpose of defense, resistance, or
opposition; as, to come to, or to make, a stand.
Vice is at stand, and at the highest flow. --Dryden.
3. A place or post where one stands; a place where one may
stand while observing or waiting for something.
I have found you out a stand most fit, Where you may
have such vantage on the duke, He shall not pass
you. --Shak.
4. A station in a city or town where carriages or wagons
stand for hire; as, a cab stand. --Dickens.
5. A raised platform or station where a race or other outdoor
spectacle may be viewed; as, the judge's or the grand
stand at a race course.
6. A small table; also, something on or in which anything may
be laid, hung, or placed upright; as, a hat stand; an
umbrella stand; a music stand.
7. A place where a witness stands to testify in court.
8. The situation of a shop, store, hotel, etc.; as, a good,
bad, or convenient stand for business. [U. S.]
9. Rank; post; station; standing.
Father, since your fortune did attain So high a
stand, I mean not to descend. --Daniel.
10. A state of perplexity or embarrassment; as, to be at a
stand what to do. --L'Estrange.
11. A young tree, usually reserved when other trees are cut;
also, a tree growing or standing upon its own root, in
distinction from one produced from a scion set in a
stock, either of the same or another kind of tree.
12. (Com.) A weight of from two hundred and fifty to three
hundred pounds, -- used in weighing pitch.
{Microscope stand}, the instrument, excepting the eyepiece,
objective, and other removable optical parts.
{Stand of ammunition}, the projectile, cartridge, and sabot
connected together.
{Stand of arms}. (Mil.) See under {Arms}.
{Stand of colors} (Mil.), a single color, or flag. --Wilhelm
(Mil. Dict.)
{To be at a stand}, to be stationary or motionless; to be at
a standstill; hence, to be perplexed; to be embarrassed.
{To make a stand}, to halt for the purpose of offering
resistance to a pursuing enemy.
Syn: Stop; halt; rest; interruption; obstruction; perplexity;
difficulty; embarrassment; hesitation.
Standage \Stand"age\, n. (Mining)
A reservior in which water accumulates at the bottom of a
mine.
Standard \Stand"ard\, n. [OF. estendart, F. ['e]tendard,
probably fr. L. extendere to spread out, extend, but
influenced by E. stand. See {Extend}.]
1. A flag; colors; a banner; especially, a national or other
ensign.
His armies, in the following day, On those fair
plains their standards proud display. --Fairfax.
2. That which is established by authority as a rule for the
measure of quantity, extent, value, or quality; esp., the
original specimen weight or measure sanctioned by
government, as the standard pound, gallon, or yard.
3. That which is established as a rule or model by authority,
custom, or general consent; criterion; test.
The court, which used to be the standard of property
and correctness of speech. --Swift.
A disposition to preserve, and an ability to
improve, taken together, would be my standard of a
statesman. --Burke.
4. (Coinage) The proportion of weights of fine metal and
alloy established by authority.
By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two
shillings is coined out of one pound weight of
silver. --Arbuthnot.
5. (Hort.) A tree of natural size supported by its own stem,
and not dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller
species nor trained upon a wall or trellis.
In France part of their gardens is laid out for
flowers, others for fruits; some standards, some
against walls. --Sir W.
Temple.
6. (Bot.) The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous
corolla.
7. (Mech. & Carp.) An upright support, as one of the poles of
a scaffold; any upright in framing.
8. (Shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the
deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch
turned upward from that which lies horizontally.
9. The sheth of a plow.
10. A large drinking cup. --Greene.
{Standard bearer}, an officer of an army, company, or troop,
who bears a standard; -- commonly called color sergeantor
color bearer; hence, the leader of any organization; as,
the standard bearer of a political party.
Standard \Stand"ard\, a.
1. Being, affording, or according with, a standard for
comparison and judgment; as, standard time; standard
weights and measures; a standard authority as to nautical
terms; standard gold or silver.
2. Hence: Having a recognized and permanent value; as,
standard works in history; standard authors.
3. (Hort.)
(a) Not supported by, or fastened to, a wall; as, standard
fruit trees.
(b) Not of the dwarf kind; as, a standard pear tree.
{Standard candle}, {Standard gauge}. See under {Candle}, and
{Gauge}.
{Standard solution}. (Chem.) See {Standardized solution},
under {Solution}.
Standard-bred \Stand"ard-bred`\, a.
Bred in conformity to a standard. Specif., applied to a
registered trotting horse which comes up to the standard
adopted by the National Association of Trotting-horse
Breeders. [U. S.]
Standardize \Stand"ard*ize\, v. t. (Chem.)
To reduce to a normal standard; to calculate or adjust the
strength of, by means of, and for uses in, analysis.
Standard-wing \Stand"ard-wing`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A curious paradise bird ({Semioptera Wallacii}) which has two
long special feathers standing erect on each wing.
Stand-by \Stand"-by`\, n.
One who, or that which, stands by one in need; something upon
which one relies for constant use or in an emergency.
Standel \Stand"el\, n.
A young tree, especially one reserved when others are cut.
[Obs.] --Fuller.
Stander \Stand"er\, n.
1. One who stands.
2. Same as {Standel}. [Obs.] --Ascham.
Stander-by \Stand"er-by`\, n.
One who stands near; one who is present; a bystander.
Standergrass \Stand"er*grass`\, n. (Bot.)
A plant ({Orchis mascula}); -- called also {standerwort}, and
{long purple}. See {Long purple}, under {Long}.
Standgale \Stand"gale`\, n.
See {Stannel}. [Prov. Eng.]
Standing \Stand"ing\, a.
1. Remaining erect; not cut down; as, standing corn.
2. Not flowing; stagnant; as, standing water.
3. Not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; lasting; as,
a standing color.
4. Established by law, custom, or the like; settled;
continually existing; permanent; not temporary; as, a
standing army; legislative bodies have standing rules of
proceeding and standing committees.
5. Not movable; fixed; as, a standing bed (distinguished from
a trundle-bed).
{Standing army}. See {Standing army}, under {Army}.
{Standing bolt}. See {Stud bolt}, under {Stud}, a stem.
{Standing committee}, in legislative bodies, etc., a
committee appointed for the consideration of all subjects
of a particular class which shall arise during the session
or a stated period.
{Standing cup}, a tall goblet, with a foot and a cover.
{Standing finish} (Arch.), that part of the interior
fittings, esp. of a dwelling house, which is permanent and
fixed in its place, as distinguished from doors, sashes,
etc.
{Standing order} (Eccl.), the denomination (Congregiational)
established by law; -- a term formerly used in
Connecticut. See also under {Order}.
{Standing part}. (Naut.)
(a) That part of a tackle which is made fast to a block,
point, or other object.
(b) That part of a rope around which turns are taken with
the running part in making a knot of the like.
{Standing rigging} (Naut.), the cordage or rope which sustain
the masts and remain fixed in their position, as the
shrouds and stays, -- distinguished from {running
rigging}.
Standing \Stand"ing\, n.
1. The act of stopping, or coming to a stand; the state of
being erect upon the feet; stand.
2. Maintenance of position; duration; duration or existence
in the same place or condition; continuance; as, a custom
of long standing; an officer of long standing.
An ancient thing of long standing. --Bunyan.
3. Place to stand in; station; stand.
I will provide you a good standing to see his entry.
--Bacon.
I think in deep mire, where there is no standing.
--Ps. lxix. 2.
4. Condition in society; relative position; reputation; rank;
as, a man of good standing, or of high standing.
{Standing off} (Naut.), sailing from the land.
{Standing on} (Naut.), sailing toward land.
Standish \Stand"ish\, n. [Stand + dish.]
A stand, or case, for pen and ink.
I bequeath to Dean Swift, Esq., my large silver
standish. --Swift.
Standpipe \Stand"pipe`\, n.
1. (Engin.) A vertical pipe, open at the top, between a
hydrant and a reservoir, to equalize the flow of water;
also, a large vertical pipe, near a pumping engine, into
which water is forced up, so as to give it sufficient head
to rise to the required level at a distance.
2. (Steam Boiler) A supply pipe of sufficient elevation to
enable the water to flow into the boiler, notwithstanding
the pressure of the steam. --Knight.
Standpoint \Stand"point`\, n. [Cf. G. standpunkt.]
A fixed point or station; a basis or fundamental principle; a
position from which objects or principles are viewed, and
according to which they are compared and judged.
Standstill \Stand"still`\, n.
A standing without moving forward or backward; a stop; a
state or rest.
Stane \Stane\, n.
A stone. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Stang \Stang\,
imp. of {Sting}. [Archaic]
Stang \Stang\, n. [OE. stange, of Scand. or Dutch origin; cf.
Icel. st["o]ng, akin to Dan. stang, Sw. st[*a]ng, D. stang,
G. stange, OHG. stanga, AS. steng; from the root of E.
sting.]
1. A long bar; a pole; a shaft; a stake.
2. In land measure, a pole, rod, or perch. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] --Swift.
{Stang ball}, a projectile consisting of two half balls
united by a bar; a bar shot. See Illust. of {Bar shot},
under {Bar}.
{To ride the stang}, to be carried on a pole on men's
shoulders. This method of punishing wife beaters, etc.,
was once in vogue in some parts of England.
Stang \Stang\, v. i. [Akin to sting; cf. Icel. stanga to prick,
to goad.]
To shoot with pain. [Prov. Eng.]
Stanhope \Stan"hope\, n.
A light two-wheeled, or sometimes four-wheeled, carriage,
without a top; -- so called from Lord Stanhope, for whom it
was contrived.
Staniel \Stan"iel\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Stannel}.
Stanielry \Stan"iel*ry\, n.
Hawking with staniels, -- a base kind of falconry. [Obs.]
Stank \Stank\, a. [OF. estanc, or It. stanco. See {Stanch}, a.]
Weak; worn out. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Stank \Stank\, v. i. [Cf. Sw. st[*a]nka to pant. [root]165.]
To sigh. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Stank \Stank\, imp. of {Stink}.
Stunk.
Stank \Stank\, n. [OF. estang, F. ['e]tang, from L. stagnum a
pool. Cf. {Stagnate}, {Tank} a cistern.]
1. Water retained by an embankment; a pool water. [Prov. Eng.
& Scot.] --Robert of Brunne.
2. A dam or mound to stop water. [Prov. Eng.]
{Stank hen} (Zo["o]l.), the moor hen; -- called also
{stankie}. [Prov. Eng.]
Stannary \Stan"na*ry\, a. [L. stannum tin, an alloy of silver
and lead.]
Of or pertaining to tin mines, or tin works.
The stannary courts of Devonshire and Cornwall, for the
administration of justice among the tinners therein,
are also courts of record. --Blackstone.
Stannary \Stan"na*ry\, n.; pl. {Stannaries}. [LL. stannaria.]
A tin mine; tin works. --Bp. Hall.
Stannate \Stan"nate\, n. [Cf. F. stannate.] (Chem.)
A salt of stannic acid.
Stannel \Stan"nel\, n. [AS. st[=a]ngella, stangilla; properly,
stone yeller, i. e., a bird that yells from the rocks. See
{Stone}, and {Yell}, and cf. {Stonegall}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The kestrel; -- called also {standgale}, {standgall},
{stanchel}, {stand hawk}, {stannel hawk}, {steingale},
{stonegall}. [Written also {staniel}, {stannyel}, and
{stanyel}.]
With what wing the staniel checks at it. --Shak.
Stannic \Stan"nic\, a. [L. stannum tin: cf. F. stannique.]
(Chem.)
Of or pertaining to tin; derived from or containing tin;
specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with {stannous}
compounds.
{Stannic acid}.
(a) A hypothetical substance, {Sn(OH)4}, analogous to silic
acid, and called also {normal stannic acid}.
(b) Metastannic acid.
{Stannic chloride}, a thin, colorless, fuming liquid,
{SnCl4}, used as a mordant in calico printing and dyeing;
-- formerly called {spirit of tin}, or {fuming liquor of
Libavius}.
{Stannic oxide}, tin oxide, {SnO2}, produced artificially as
a white amorphous powder, and occurring naturally in the
mineral cassiterite. It is used in the manufacture of
white enamels, and, under the name of {putty powder}, for
polishing glass, etc.
Stanniferous \Stan*nif"er*ous\, a. [L. stannum tin + -ferous.]
Containing or affording tin.
Stannine \Stan"nine\, Stannite \Stan"nite\, n. (Min.)
A mineral of a steel-gray or iron-black color; tin pyrites.
It is a sulphide of tin, copper, and iron.
Stanno- \Stan"no-\ [L. stannum tin.] (Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting relation
to, or connection with, tin, or including tin as an
ingredient.
Stannofluoride \Stan`no*flu"or*ide\ (-fl[=u]"[o^]r*[i^]d or
-[imac]d), n. (Chem.)
Any one of a series of double fluorides of tin (stannum) and
some other element.
Stannoso- \Stan*no"so-\ (st[a^]n*n[=o]"s[-o]-), a. (Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting relation
to, or connection with, certain stannnous compounds.
Stannotype \Stan"no*type\ (st[a^]n"n[-o]*t[imac]p), n. [Stanno-
+ -type.] (Photog.)
A photograph taken upon a tin plate; a tintype.
Stannous \Stan"nous\ (-n[u^]s), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, tin; specifically, designating
those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as
contrasted with {stannic} compounds.
{Stannous chloride} (Chem.), a white crystalline substance,
{SnCl2.(H2O)2}, obtained by dissolving tin in hydrochloric
acid. It is used as a mordant in dyeing.
Stannum \Stan"num\, n. [L., alloy of silver and lead; later,
tin.] (Chem.)
The technical name of tin. See {Tin}.
Stannyel \Stann"yel\, Stanyel \Stan"yel\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Stannel}.
Stant \Stant\, Stont \Stont\, obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of
{Stand}, for standeth.
Stands. --Chaucer.
Stanza \Stan"za\, n.; pl. {Stanzas}. [It. stanza a room,
habitation, a stanza, i. e., a stop, fr. L. stans, p. pr. of
stare to stand. See {Stand}, and cf. {Estancia}, {Stance},
{Stanchion}.]
1. A number of lines or verses forming a division of a song
or poem, and agreeing in meter, rhyme, number of lines,
etc., with other divisions; a part of a poem, ordinarily
containing every variation of measure in that poem; a
combination or arrangement of lines usually recurring;
whether like or unlike, in measure.
Horace confines himself strictly to one sort of
verse, or stanza, in every ode. --Dryden.
2. (Arch.) An apartment or division in a building; a room or
chamber.
Stanzaic \Stan*za"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, stanzas; as, a couplet in
stanzaic form.
Stapedial \Sta*pe"di*al\, a. [LL. stapes stirrup.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to stapes.
Stapelia \Sta*pe"li*a\, n. [NL. So named after John Bod[ae]us a
Stapel, a physician of Amsterdam.] (Bot.)
An extensive and curious genus of African plants of the
natural order {Asclepiadace[ae]} (Milkweed family). They are
succulent plants without leaves, frequently covered with dark
tubercles giving them a very grotesque appearance. The odor
of the blossoms is like that of carrion.
Stapes \Sta"pes\, n. [LL., a stirrup.] (Anat.)
The innermost of the ossicles of the ear; the stirrup, or
stirrup bone; -- so called from its form. See Illust. of
{Ear}.
Staphyline \Staph"y*line\, a. [Gr. ? botryodial, from ? a bunch
of grapes.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the uvula or the palate.
Staphylinid \Staph`y*li"nid\, n. [Gr. ? a kind of insect.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any rove beetle.
Staphyloma \Staph`y*lo"ma\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? a bunch of
grapes.] (Med.)
A protrusion of any part of the globe of the eye; as, a
staphyloma of the cornea.
Staphylomatous \Staph`y*lo"ma*tous\, a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to staphyloma; affected with staphyloma.
Staphyloplasty \Staph"y*lo*plas`ty\, n. [Gr. ? a bunch of
grapes, also, the uvula when swollen at the lower end +
-plasty.] (Surg.)
The operation for restoring or replacing the soft palate when
it has been lost. --Dunglison. -- {Staph`y*lo*plas"tic}, a.
Staphyloraphy \Staph`y*lor"a*phy\, Staphylorrhaphy
\Staph`y*lor"rha*phy\, n. [Gr. ? the uvula when swollen + ? to
sew: cf. F. staphylorraphie.]
The operation of uniting a cleft palate, consisting in paring
and bringing together the edges of the cleft. --
{Staph`y*lo*raph"ic}, {Staph`y*lor*rhaph"ic}, a.
Staphylotomy \Staph`y*lot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? the uvula when
swollen + ? to cut.] (Surg.)
The operation of removing a staphyloma by cutting.
Staple \Sta"ple\, n. [AS. stapul, stapol, stapel, a step, a
prop, post, table, fr. stapan to step, go, raise; akin to D.
stapel a pile, stocks, emporium, G. stapela heap, mart,
stake, staffel step of a ladder, Sw. stapel, Dan. stabel, and
E. step cf. OF. estaple a mart, F. ['e]tape. See {Step}.]
1. A settled mart; an emporium; a city or town to which
merchants brought commodities for sale or exportation in
bulk; a place for wholesale traffic.
The customs of Alexandria were very great, it having
been the staple of the Indian trade. --Arbuthnot.
For the increase of trade and the encouragement of
the worthy burgesses of Woodstock, her majesty was
minded to erect the town into a staple for wool.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Note: In England, formerly, the king's staple was established
in certain ports or towns, and certain goods could not
be exported without being first brought to these places
to be rated and charged with the duty payable of the
king or the public. The principal commodities on which
customs were lived were wool, skins, and leather; and
these were originally the staple commodities.
2. Hence: Place of supply; source; fountain head.
Whitehall naturally became the chief staple of news.
Whenever there was a rumor that any thing important
had happened or was about to happen, people hastened
thither to obtain intelligence from the fountain
head. --Macaulay.
3. The principal commodity of traffic in a market; a
principal commodity or production of a country or
district; as, wheat, maize, and cotton are great staples
of the United States.
We should now say, Cotton is the great staple, that
is, the established merchandize, of Manchester.
--Trench.
4. The principal constituent in anything; chief item.
5. Unmanufactured material; raw material.
6. The fiber of wool, cotton, flax, or the like; as, a coarse
staple; a fine staple; a long or short staple.
7. A loop of iron, or a bar or wire, bent and formed with two
points to be driven into wood, to hold a hook, pin, or the
like.
8. (Mining)
(a) A shaft, smaller and shorter than the principal one,
joining different levels.
(b) A small pit.
9. A district granted to an abbey. [Obs.] --Camden.
Staple \Sta"ple\, a.
1. Pertaining to, or being market of staple for, commodities;
as, a staple town. [R.]
2. Established in commerce; occupying the markets; settled;
as, a staple trade. --Dryden.
3. Fit to be sold; marketable. [R.] --Swift.
4. Regularly produced or manufactured in large quantities;
belonging to wholesale traffic; principal; chief.
Wool, the great staple commodity of England.
--H???om.
Staple \Sta"ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {stapled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{stapling}.]
To sort according to its staple; as, to staple cotton.
Stapler \Sta"pler\, n.
1. A dealer in staple goods.
2. One employed to assort wool according to its staple.
Star \Star\ (st[aum]r), n. [OE. sterre, AS. steorra; akin to
OFries. stera, OS. sterro, D. ster, OHG. sterno, sterro, G.
stern, Icel. stjarna, Sw. stjerna, Dan. stierne, Goth.
sta['i]rn[=o], Armor. & Corn. steren, L. stella, Gr. 'asth`r,
'a`stron, Skr. star; perhaps from a root meaning, to scatter,
Skr. st[.r], L. sternere (cf. {Stratum}), and originally
applied to the stars as being strewn over the sky, or as
being scatterers or spreaders of light. [root]296. Cf.
{Aster}, {Asteroid}, {Constellation}, {Disaster}, {Stellar}.]
1. One of the innumerable luminous bodies seen in the
heavens; any heavenly body other than the sun, moon,
comets, and nebul[ae].
His eyen twinkled in his head aright, As do the
stars in the frosty night. --Chaucer.
Note: The stars are distinguished as {planets}, and {fixed
stars}. See {Planet}, {Fixed stars} under {Fixed}, and
{Magnitude of a star} under {Magnitude}.
2. The polestar; the north star. --Shak.
3. (Astrol.) A planet supposed to influence one's destiny;
(usually pl.) a configuration of the planets, supposed to
influence fortune.
O malignant and ill-brooding stars. --Shak.
Blesses his stars, and thinks it luxury. --Addison.
4. That which resembles the figure of a star, as an ornament
worn on the breast to indicate rank or honor.
On whom . . . Lavish Honor showered all her stars.
--Tennyson.
5. Specifically, a radiated mark in writing or printing; an
asterisk [thus, *]; -- used as a reference to a note, or
to fill a blank where something is omitted, etc.
6. (Pyrotechny) A composition of combustible matter used in
the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding
in the air, presents a starlike appearance.
7. A person of brilliant and attractive qualities, especially
on public occasions, as a distinguished orator, a leading
theatrical performer, etc.
Note: Star is used in the formation of compound words
generally of obvious signification: as, star-aspiring,
star-bespangled, star-bestudded, star-blasting,
star-bright, star-crowned, star-directed, star-eyed,
star-headed, star-paved, star-roofed; star-sprinkled,
star-wreathed.
{Blazing star}, {Double star}, {Multiple star}, {Shooting
star}, etc. See under {Blazing}, {Double}, etc.
{Nebulous star} (Astron.), a small well-defined circular
nebula, having a bright nucleus at its center like a star.
{Star anise} (Bot.), any plant of the genus Illicium; -- so
called from its star-shaped capsules.
{Star apple} (Bot.), a tropical American tree ({Chrysophyllum
Cainito}), having a milky juice and oblong leaves with a
silky-golden pubescence beneath. It bears an applelike
fruit, the carpels of which present a starlike figure when
cut across. The name is extended to the whole genus of
about sixty species, and the natural order
({Sapotace[ae]}) to which it belongs is called the
Star-apple family.
{Star conner}, one who cons, or studies, the stars; an
astronomer or an astrologer. --Gascoigne.
{Star coral} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of stony
corals belonging to {Astr[ae]a}, {Orbicella}, and allied
genera, in which the calicles are round or polygonal and
contain conspicuous radiating septa.
{Star cucumber}. (Bot.) See under {Cucumber}.
{Star flower}. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus {Ornithogalum};
star-of-Bethlehem.
(b) See {Starwort}
(b) .
(c) An American plant of the genus {Trientalis}
({Trientalis Americana}). --Gray.
{Star fort} (Fort.), a fort surrounded on the exterior with
projecting angles; -- whence the name.
{Star gauge} (Ordnance), a long rod, with adjustable points
projecting radially at its end, for measuring the size of
different parts of the bore of a gun.
{Star grass}. (Bot.)
(a) A small grasslike plant ({Hypoxis erecta}) having
star-shaped yellow flowers.
(b) The colicroot. See {Colicroot}.
{Star hyacinth} (Bot.), a bulbous plant of the genus {Scilla}
({S. autumnalis}); -- called also {star-headed hyacinth}.
{Star jelly} (Bot.), any one of several gelatinous plants
({Nostoc commune}, {N. edule}, etc.). See {Nostoc}.
{Star lizard}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Stellion}.
{Star-of-Bethlehem} (Bot.), a bulbous liliaceous plant
({Ornithogalum umbellatum}) having a small white starlike
flower.
{Star-of-the-earth} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Plantago}
({P. coronopus}), growing upon the seashore.
{Star polygon} (Geom.), a polygon whose sides cut each other
so as to form a star-shaped figure.
{Stars and Stripes}, a popular name for the flag of the
United States, which consists of thirteen horizontal
stripes, alternately red and white, and a union having, in
a blue field, white stars to represent the several States,
one for each.
With the old flag, the true American flag, the
Eagle, and the Stars and Stripes, waving over the
chamber in which we sit. --D. Webster.
{Star showers}. See {Shooting star}, under {Shooting}.
{Star thistle} (Bot.), an annual composite plant ({Centaurea
solstitialis}) having the involucre armed with radiating
spines.
{Star wheel} (Mach.), a star-shaped disk, used as a kind of
ratchet wheel, in repeating watches and the feed motions
of some machines.
{Star worm} (Zo["o]l.), a gephyrean.
{Temporary star} (Astron.), a star which appears suddenly,
shines for a period, and then nearly or quite disappears.
These stars are supposed by some astronometers to be
variable stars of long and undetermined periods.
{Variable star} (Astron.), a star whose brilliancy varies
periodically, generally with regularity, but sometimes
irregularly; -- called {periodical star} when its changes
occur at fixed periods.
{Water star grass} (Bot.), an aquatic plant ({Schollera
graminea}) with small yellow starlike blossoms.
Star \Star\ (st[aum]r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Starred}
(st[aum]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Starring}.]
To set or adorn with stars, or bright, radiating bodies; to
bespangle; as, a robe starred with gems. ``A sable curtain
starred with gold.'' --Young.
Star \Star\, v. i.
To be bright, or attract attention, as a star; to shine like
a star; to be brilliant or prominent; to play a part as a
theatrical star.
--W. Irving.
Star-blind \Star"-blind`\, a.
Half blind.
Starboard \Star"board`\, n. [OE. sterbord, AS. ste['o]rbord,
i.e., steer board. See {Steer}, v. t., {Board} of a vessel,
and cf. {Larboard}.] (Naut.)
That side of a vessel which is on the right hand of a person
who stands on board facing the bow; -- opposed to {larboard},
or {port}.
Starboard \Star"board`\, a. (Naut.)
Pertaining to the right-hand side of a ship; being or lying
on the right side; as, the starboard quarter; starboard tack.
Starboard \Star"board`\, v. t. (Naut.)
To put to the right, or starboard, side of a vessel; as, to
starboard the helm.
Starblowlines \Star"blow`lines\, n. pl. (Naut.)
The men in the starboard watch. [Obs.] --R. H. Dana, Jr.
Starch \Starch\, a. [AS. stearc stark, strong, rough. See
{Stark}.]
Stiff; precise; rigid. [R.] --Killingbeck.
Starch \Starch\, n. [From starch stiff, cf. G. st["a]rke, fr.
stark strong.]
1. (Chem.) A widely diffused vegetable substance found
especially in seeds, bulbs, and tubers, and extracted (as
from potatoes, corn, rice, etc.) as a white, glistening,
granular or powdery substance, without taste or smell, and
giving a very peculiar creaking sound when rubbed between
the fingers. It is used as a food, in the production of
commercial grape sugar, for stiffening linen in laundries,
in making paste, etc.
Note: Starch is a carbohydrate, being the typical amylose,
{C6H10O5}, and is detected by the fine blue color given
to it by free iodine. It is not fermentable as such,
but is changed by diastase into dextrin and maltose,
and by heating with dilute acids into dextrose. Cf.
{Sugar}, {Inulin}, and {Lichenin}.
2. Fig.: A stiff, formal manner; formality. --Addison.
{Starch hyacinth} (Bot.), the grape hyacinth; -- so called
because the flowers have the smell of boiled starch. See
under {Grape}.
Starch \Starch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Starched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Starching}.]
To stiffen with starch.
Star-chamber \Star"-cham`ber\, n. [So called (as conjectured by
Blackstone) from being held in a room at the Exchequer where
the chests containing certain Jewish comtracts and
obligations called starrs (from the Heb. shetar, pron. shtar)
were kept; or from the stars with which the ceiling is
supposed to have been decorated.] (Eng. Hist.)
An ancient high court exercising jurisdiction in certain
cases, mainly criminal, which sat without the intervention of
a jury. It consisted of the king's council, or of the privy
council only with the addition of certain judges. It could
proceed on mere rumor or examine witnesses; it could apply
torture. It was abolished by the Long Parliament in 1641.
--Encyc. Brit.
Starched \Starched\, a.
1. Stiffened with starch.
2. Stiff; precise; formal. --Swift.
Starchedness \Starch"ed*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being starched; stiffness in manners;
formality.
Starcher \Starch"er\, n.
One who starches.
Starchly \Starch"ly\, adv.
In a starched or starch manner.
Starchness \Starch"ness\, n.
Of or pertaining to starched or starch; stiffness of manner;
preciseness.
Starchwort \Starch"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
The cuckoopint, the tubers of which yield a fine quality of
starch.
Starchy \Starch"y\, a.
Consisting of starch; resembling starch; stiff; precise.
Starcraft \Star"craft\, n.
Astrology. [R.] --Tennyson.
Star-crossed \Star"-crossed`\, a.
Not favored by the stars; ill-fated. [Poetic] --Shak.
Such in my star-crossed destiny. --Massinger.
Stare \Stare\, n. [AS. st[ae]r. See {Starling}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The starling. [Obs.]
Stare \Stare\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {stared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{staring}.] [AS. starian; akin to LG. & D. staren, OHG.
star[=e]n, G. starren, Icel. stara; cf. Icel. stira, Dan.
stirre, Sw. stirra, and G. starr stiff, rigid, fixed, Gr. ?
solid (E. stereo-), Skr. sthira firm, strong. [root]166. Cf.
{Sterile}.]
1. To look with fixed eyes wide open, as through fear,
wonder, surprise, impudence, etc.; to fasten an earnest
and prolonged gaze on some object.
For ever upon the ground I see thee stare.
--Chaucer.
Look not big, nor stamp, nor stare, nor fret.
--Shak.
2. To be very conspicuous on account of size, prominence,
color, or brilliancy; as, staring windows or colors.
3. To stand out; to project; to bristle. [Obs.]
Makest my blood cold, and my hair to stare. --Shak.
Take off all the staring straws and jags in the
hive. --Mortimer.
Syn: To gaze; to look earnestly. See {Gaze}.
Stare \Stare\, v. t.
To look earnestly at; to gaze at.
I will stare him out of his wits. --Shak.
{To stare in the face}, to be before the eyes, or to be
undeniably evident. ``The law . . . stares them in the
face whilst they are breaking it.'' --Locke.
Stare \Stare\, n.
The act of staring; a fixed look with eyes wide open. ``A
dull and stupid stare.'' --Churchill.
Starer \Star"er\, n.
One who stares, or gazes.
Starf \Starf\, obs. imp. of {Starve}.
Starved. --Chaucer.
Starfinch \Star"finch`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European redstart.
Starfish \Star"fish\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of echinoderms
belonging to the class Asterioidea, in which the body is
star-shaped and usually has five rays, though the number
of rays varies from five to forty or more. The rays are
often long, but are sometimes so short as to appear only
as angles to the disklike body. Called also {sea star},
{five-finger}, and {stellerid}.
Note: The ophiuroids are also sometimes called starfishes.
See {Brittle star}, and {Ophiuroidea}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The dollar fish, or butterfish.
Stargaser \Star"gas`er\, n.
1. One who gazes at the stars; an astrologer; sometimes, in
derision or contempt, an astronomer.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of spiny-rayed
marine fishes belonging to {Uranoscopus}, {Astroscopus},
and allied genera, of the family {Uranoscopid[ae]}. The
common species of the Eastern United States are
{Astroscopus anoplus}, and {A. guttatus}. So called from
the position of the eyes, which look directly upward.
Stargasing \Star"gas`ing\, n.
1. The act or practice of observing the stars with attention;
contemplation of the stars as connected with astrology or
astronomy. --Swift.
2. Hence, absent-mindedness; abstraction.
Staringly \Star"ing*ly\, adv.
With a staring look.
Stark \Stark\, a. [Compar. {Starker}; superl. {Starkest}.] [OE.
stark stiff, strong, AS. stearc; akin to OS. starc strong, D.
sterk, OHG. starc, starah, G. & Sw. stark, Dan. st[ae]rk,
Icel. sterkr, Goth. gasta['u]rknan to become dried up, Lith.
str["e]gti to stiffen, to freeze. Cf. {Starch}, a. & n.]
1. Stiff; rigid. --Chaucer.
Whose senses all were straight benumbed and stark.
--Spenser.
His heart gan wax as stark as marble stone.
--Spenser.
Many a nobleman lies stark and stiff Under the hoofs
of vaunting enemies. --Shak.
The north is not so stark and cold. --B. Jonson.
2. Complete; absolute; full; perfect; entire. [Obs.]
Consider the stark security The common wealth is in
now. --B. Jonson.
3. Strong; vigorous; powerful.
A stark, moss-trooping Scot. --Sir W.
Scott.
Stark beer, boy, stout and strong beer. --Beau. &
Fl.
4. Severe; violent; fierce. [Obs.] ``In starke stours.'' [i.
e., in fierce combats]. --Chaucer.
5. Mere; sheer; gross; entire; downright.
He pronounces the citation stark nonsense.
--Collier.
Rhetoric is very good or stark naught; there's no
medium in rhetoric. --Selden.
Stark \Stark\, adv.
Wholly; entirely; absolutely; quite; as, stark mind. --Shak.
Held him strangled in his arms till he was stark dead.
--Fuller.
{Stark naked}, wholly naked; quite bare.
Strip your sword stark naked. --Shak.
Note: According to Professor Skeat, ``stark-naked'' is
derived from steort-naked, or start-naked, literally
tail-naked, and hence wholly naked. If this etymology
be true the preferable form is stark-naked.
Stark \Stark\, v. t.
To stiffen. [R.]
If horror have not starked your limbs. --H. Taylor.
Starkly \Stark"ly\, adv.
In a stark manner; stiffly; strongly.
Its onward force too starky pent In figure, bone, and
lineament. --Emerson.
Starkness \Stark"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stark.
Starless \Star"less\, a.
Being without stars; having no stars visible; as, a starless
night. --Milton.
Starlight \Star"light`\, n.
The light given by the stars.
Nor walk by moon, Or glittering starlight, without thee
is sweet. --Milton.
Starlight \Star"light`\, a.
Lighted by the stars, or by the stars only; as, a starlight
night.
A starlight evening and a morning fair. --Dryden.
Starlike \Star"like`\, a.
1. Resembling a star; stellated; radiated like a star; as,
starlike flowers.
2. Shining; bright; illustrious. --Dryden.
The having turned many to righteousness shall confer
a starlike and immortal brightness. --Boyle.
Starling \Star"ling\, n. [OE. sterlyng, a dim. of OE. stare, AS.
st[ae]r; akin to AS. stearn, G. star, staar, OHG. stara,
Icel. starri, stari, Sw. stare, Dan. st[ae]r, L. sturnus. Cf.
{Stare} a starling.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any passerine bird belonging to {Sturnus} and
allied genera. The European starling ({Sturnus vulgaris})
is dark brown or greenish black, with a metallic gloss,
and spotted with yellowish white. It is a sociable bird,
and builds about houses, old towers, etc. Called also
{stare}, and {starred}. The pied starling of India is
{Sternopastor contra}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A California fish; the rock trout.
3. A structure of piles driven round the piers of a bridge
for protection and support; -- called also {sterling}.
{Rose-colored starling}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Pastor}.
Starlit \Star"lit`\, a.
Lighted by the stars; starlight.
Starmonger \Star"mon`ger\, n.
A fortune teller; an astrologer; -- used in contempt. --B.
Jonson.
Starn \Starn\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European starling. [Prov. Eng.]
Starnose \Star"nose`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A curious American mole ({Condylura cristata}) having the
nose expanded at the end into a stellate disk; -- called also
{star-nosed mole}.
Starost \Star"ost\, n. [Pol. starosta, from stary old.]
A nobleman who possessed a starosty. [Poland]
Starosty \Star"os*ty\, n.
A castle and domain conferred on a nobleman for life.
[Poland] --Brande & C.
Starproof \Star"proof`\, a.
Impervious to the light of the stars; as, a starproof elm.
[Poetic] --Milton.
Star-read \Star"-read`\, n.
Doctrine or knowledge of the stars; star lore; astrology;
astronomy. [Obs.]
Which in star-read were wont have best insight.
--Spenser.
Starred \Starred\, a. [From {Star}.]
1. Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled.
2. Influenced in fortune by the stars. [Obs.]
My third comfort, Starred most unluckily. --Shak.
Starriness \Star"ri*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being starry; as, the starriness of
the heavens.
Starry \Star"ry\, a.
1. Abounding with stars; adorned with stars. ``Above the
starry sky.'' --Pope.
2. Consisting of, or proceeding from, the stars; stellar;
stellary; as, starry light; starry flame.
Do not Christians and Heathens, Jews and Gentiles,
poets and philosophers, unite in allowing the starry
influence? --Sir W.
Scott.
3. Shining like stars; sparkling; as, starry eyes.
4. Arranged in rays like those of a star; stellate.
{Starry ray} (Zo["o]l.), a European skate ({Raita radiata});
-- so called from the stellate bases of the dorsal spines.
Starshine \Star"shine`\, n.
The light of the stars. [R.]
The starshine lights upon our heads. --R. L.
Stevenson.
Starshoot \Star"shoot`\, n.
See {Nostoc}.
Star-spangled \Star"-span`gled\, a.
Spangled or studded with stars.
{Star-spangled banner}, the popular name for the national
ensign of the United States. --F. S. Key.
Starstone \Star"stone`\, n. (Min.)
Asteriated sapphire.
Start \Start\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {started}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{starting}.] [OE. sterten; akin to D. storten 8hurl, rush,
fall, G. st["u]rzen, OHG. sturzen to turn over, to fall, Sw.
st["o]ra to cast down, to fall, Dan. styrte, and probably
also to E. start a tail; the original sense being, perhaps,
to show the tail, to tumble over suddenly. [root]166. Cf.
{Start} a tail.]
1. To leap; to jump. [Obs.]
2. To move suddenly, as with a spring or leap, from surprise,
pain, or other sudden feeling or emotion, or by a
voluntary act.
And maketh him out of his sleep to start. --Chaucer.
I start as from some dreadful dream. --Dryden.
Keep your soul to the work when ready to start
aside. --I. Watts.
But if he start, It is the flesh of a corrupted
heart. --Shak.
3. To set out; to commence a course, as a race or journey; to
begin; as, to start business.
At once they start, advancing in a line. --Dryden.
At intervals some bird from out the brakes Starts
into voice a moment, then is still. --Byron.
4. To become somewhat displaced or loosened; as, a rivet or a
seam may start under strain or pressure.
{To start after}, to set out after; to follow; to pursue.
{To start against}, to act as a rival candidate against.
{To start for}, to be a candidate for, as an office.
{To start up}, to rise suddenly, as from a seat or couch; to
come suddenly into notice or importance.
Start \Start\, v. t.
1. To cause to move suddenly; to disturb suddenly; to
startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly; as,
the hounds started a fox.
Upon malicious bravery dost thou come To start my
quiet? --Shak.
Brutus will start a spirit as soon as C[ae]sar.
--Shak.
2. To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent.
Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure
they can start. --Sir W.
Temple.
3. To cause to move or act; to set going, running, or
flowing; as, to start a railway train; to start a mill; to
start a stream of water; to start a rumor; to start a
business.
I was engaged in conversation upon a subject which
the people love to start in discourse. --Addison.
4. To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace
or loosen; to dislocate; as, to start a bone; the storm
started the bolts in the vessel.
One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the
clavicle from the sternum. --Wiseman.
5. [Perh. from D. storten, which has this meaning also.]
(Naut.) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing
from; as, to start a water cask.
Start \Start\, n.
1. The act of starting; a sudden spring, leap, or motion,
caused by surprise, fear, pain, or the like; any sudden
motion, or beginning of motion.
The fright awakened Arcite with a start. --Dryden.
2. A convulsive motion, twitch, or spasm; a spasmodic effort.
For she did speak in starts distractedly. --Shak.
Nature does nothing by starts and leaps, or in a
hurry. --L'Estrange.
3. A sudden, unexpected movement; a sudden and capricious
impulse; a sally; as, starts of fancy.
To check the starts and sallies of the soul.
--Addison.
4. The beginning, as of a journey or a course of action;
first motion from a place; act of setting out; the outset;
-- opposed to {finish}.
The start of first performance is all. --Bacon.
I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,
Straining upon the start. --Shak.
{At a start}, at once; in an instant. [Obs.]
At a start he was betwixt them two. --Chaucer.
{To get}, or {have}, {the start}, to before another; to gain
or have the advantage in a similar undertaking; -- usually
with of. ``Get the start of the majestic world.'' --Shak.
``She might have forsaken him if he had not got the start
of her.'' --Dryden.
Start \Start\, n. [OE. stert a tail, AS. steort; akin to LG.
stert, steert, D. staart, G. sterz, Icel. stertr, Dan.
stiert, Sw. stjert. [root]166. Cf. Stark naked, under
{Stark}, {Start}, v. i.]
1. A tail, or anything projecting like a tail.
2. The handle, or tail, of a plow; also, any long handle.
[Prov. Eng.]
3. The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water-wheel
bucket.
4. (Mining) The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a
horse.
Starter \Start"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, starts; as, a starter on a
journey; the starter of a race.
2. A dog that rouses game.
Startful \Start"ful\, a.
Apt to start; skittish. [R.]
Startfulness \Start"ful*ness\, n.
Aptness to start. [R.]
Starthroat \Star"throat`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any humming bird of the genus {Heliomaster}. The feathers of
the throat have a brilliant metallic luster.
Starting \Start"ing\,
a. & n. from {Start}, v.
{Starting bar} (Steam Eng.), a hand lever for working the
values in starting an engine.
{Starting hole}, a loophole; evasion. [Obs.]
{Starting point}, the point from which motion begins, or from
which anything starts.
{Starting post}, a post, stake, barrier, or place from which
competitors in a race start, or begin the race.
Startingly \Start"ing*ly\, adv.
By sudden fits or starts; spasmodically. --Shak.
Startish \Start"ish\, a.
Apt to start; skittish; shy; -- said especially of a horse.
[Colloq.]
Startle \Star"tle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Startled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Startling}.] [Freq. of start.]
To move suddenly, or be excited, on feeling alarm; to start.
Why shrinks the soul Back on herself, and startles at
destruction? --Addison.
Startle \Star"tle\, v. t.
1. To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to
frighten suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to
surprise.
The supposition, at least, that angels do sometimes
assume bodies need not startle us. --Locke.
2. To deter; to cause to deviate. [R.] --Clarendon.
Syn: To start; shock; fright; frighten; alarm.
Startle \Star"tle\, n.
A sudden motion or shock caused by an unexpected alarm,
surprise, or apprehension of danger.
After having recovered from my first startle, I was
very well pleased with the accident. --Spectator.
Startlingly \Star"tling*ly\, adv.
In a startling manner.
Startlish \Star"tlish\, a.
Easily startled; apt to start; startish; skittish; -- said
especially of a hourse. [Colloq.]
Start-up \Start"-up`\, n.
1. One who comes suddenly into notice; an upstart. [Obs.]
--Shak.
2. A kind of high rustic shoe. [Obs.] --Drayton.
A startuppe, or clownish shoe. --Spenser.
Start-up \Start"-up`\, a.
Upstart. [R.] --Walpole.
Starvation \Star*va"tion\, n.
The act of starving, or the state of being starved.
Note: This word was first used, according to Horace Walpole,
by Henry Dundas, the first Lord Melville, in a speech
on American affairs in 1775, which obtained for him the
nickname of Starvation Dundas. ``Starvation, we are
also told, belongs to the class of 'vile compounds'
from being a mongrel; as if English were not full of
mongrels, and if it would not be in distressing straits
without them.'' --Fitzed. Hall.
Starve \Starve\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Starved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Starving}.] [OE. sterven to die, AS. steorfan; akin to D.
sterven, G. sterben, OHG. sterban, Icel. starf labor, toil.]
1. To die; to perish. [Obs., except in the sense of perishing
with cold or hunger.] --Lydgate.
In hot coals he hath himself raked . . . Thus
starved this worthy mighty Hercules. --Chaucer.
2. To perish with hunger; to suffer extreme hunger or want;
to be very indigent.
Sometimes virtue starves, while vice is fed. --Pope.
3. To perish or die with cold. --Spenser.
Have I seen the naked starve for cold? --Sandys.
Starving with cold as well as hunger. --W. Irving.
Note: In this sense, still common in England, but rarely used
of the United States.
Starve \Starve\, v. t.
1. To destroy with cold. [Eng.]
From beds of raging fire, to starve in ice Their
soft ethereal warmth. --Milton.
2. To kill with hunger; as, maliciously to starve a man is,
in law, murder.
3. To distress or subdue by famine; as, to starvea garrison
into a surrender.
Attalus endeavored to starve Italy by stopping their
convoy of provisions from Africa. --Arbuthnot.
4. To destroy by want of any kind; as, to starve plans by
depriving them of proper light and air.
5. To deprive of force or vigor; to disable.
The pens of historians, writing thereof, seemed
starved for matter in an age so fruitful of
memorable actions. --Fuller.
The powers of their minds are starved by disuse.
--Locke.
Starvedly \Starv"ed*ly\, adv.
In the condition of one starved or starving; parsimoniously.
Some boasting housekeeper which keepth open doors for
one day, . . . and lives starvedly all the year after.
--Bp. Hall.
Starveling \Starve"ling\, n. [Starve + -ling.]
One who, or that which, pines from lack or food, or
nutriment.
Old Sir John hangs with me, and thou knowest he is no
starveling. --Shak.
Starveling \Starve"ling\, a.
Hungry; lean; pining with want.
Starwort \Star"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) Any plant of the genus {Aster}. See {Aster}.
(b) A small plant of the genus {Stellaria}, having
star-shaped flowers; star flower; chickweed. --Gray.
{Water starwort}, an aquatic plant ({Callitriche verna})
having some resemblance to chickweed.
{Yellow starwort}, a plant of the genus {Inula}; elecampane.
Stasimon \Stas"i*mon\, n.; pl. {Stasmia}. [NL., from Gr.
sta`simon, neut. of sta`simos stationary, steadfast.]
In the Greek tragedy, a song of the chorus, continued without
the interruption of dialogue or anap[ae]stics. --Liddell &
Scott.
Stasis \Sta"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a standing still.]
(Physiol.)
A slackening or arrest of the blood current in the vessels,
due not to a lessening of the heart's beat, but presumably to
some abnormal resistance of the capillary walls. It is one of
the phenomena observed in the capillaries in inflammation.
Statable \Stat"a*ble\, a.
That can be stated; as, a statablegrievance; the question at
issue is statable.
Statal \Sta"tal\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or existing with reference to, a State of
the American Union, as distinguished from the general
government. [R.]
I have no knowledge of any other kind of political
citizenship, higher or lower, statal or national.
--Edward
Bates.
Statant \Sta"tant\, a. [L. stare to stand.] (Her.)
In a standing position; as, a lion statant.
Statarian \Sta*ta"ri*an\, a.
Fixed; settled; steady; statary. [Obs.]
Statarianly \Sta*ta"ri*an*ly\, adv.
Fixedly; steadly. [Obs.]
Statary \Sta"ta*ry\, a. [L. statarius standing fast, fr. stare
to stand.]
Fixed; settled. [Obs.] ``The set and statary times of paring
of nails and cutting hair.'' --Sir T. Browne.
State \State\, n. [OE. stat, OF. estat, F. ['e]tat, fr. L.
status a standing, position, fr. stare, statum, to stand. See
{Stand}, and cf. {Estate}, {Status}.]
1. The circumstances or condition of a being or thing at any
given time.
State is a term nearly synonymous with ``mode,'' but
of a meaning more extensive, and is not exclusively
limited to the mutable and contingent. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Declare the past and present state of things.
--Dryden.
Keep the state of the question in your eye. --Boyle.
2. Rank; condition; quality; as, the state of honor.
Thy honor, state, and seat is due to me. --Shak.
3. Condition of prosperity or grandeur; wealthy or prosperous
circumstances; social importance.
She instructed him how he should keep state, and yet
with a modest sense of his misfortunes. --Bacon.
Can this imperious lord forget to reign, Quit all
his state, descend, and serve again? --Pope.
4. Appearance of grandeur or dignity; pomp.
Where least og state there most of love is shown.
--Dryden.
5. A chair with a canopy above it, often standing on a dais;
a seat of dignity; also, the canopy itself. [Obs.]
His high throne, . . . under state Of richest
texture spread. --Milton.
When he went to court, he used to kick away the
state, and sit down by his prince cheek by jowl.
--Swift.
6. Estate, possession. [Obs.] --Daniel.
Your state, my lord, again in yours. --Massinger.
7. A person of high rank. [Obs.] --Latimer.
8. Any body of men united by profession, or constituting a
community of a particular character; as, the civil and
ecclesiastical states, or the lords spiritual and temporal
and the commons, in Great Britain. Cf. {Estate}, n., 6.
9. The principal persons in a government.
The bold design Pleased highly those infernal
states. --Milton.
10. The bodies that constitute the legislature of a country;
as, the States-general of Holland.
11. A form of government which is not monarchial, as a
republic. [Obs.]
Well monarchies may own religion's name, But states
are atheists in their very fame. --Dryden.
12. A political body, or body politic; the whole body of
people who are united one government, whatever may be the
form of the government; a nation.
Municipal law is a rule of conduct prescribed by
the supreme power in a state. --Blackstone.
The Puritans in the reign of Mary, driven from
their homes, sought an asylum in Geneva, where they
found a state without a king, and a church without
a bishop. --R. Choate.
13. In the United States, one of the commonwealth, or bodies
politic, the people of which make up the body of the
nation, and which, under the national constitution,
stands in certain specified relations with the national
government, and are invested, as commonwealth, with full
power in their several spheres over all matters not
expressly inhibited.
Note: The term State, in its technical sense, is used in
distinction from the federal system, i. e., the
government of the United States.
14. Highest and stationary condition, as that of maturity
between growth and decline, or as that of crisis between
the increase and the abating of a disease; height; acme.
[Obs.]
Note: When state is joined with another word, or used
adjectively, it denotes public, or what belongs to the
community or body politic, or to the government; also,
what belongs to the States severally in the American
Union; as, state affairs; state policy; State laws of
Iowa.
{Nascent state}. (Chem.) See under {Nascent}.
{Secretary of state}. See {Secretary}, n., 3.
{State barge}a royal barge, or a barge belonging to a
government.
{State bed}, an elaborately carved or decorated bed.
{State carriage}, a highly decorated carriage for officials
going in state, or taking part in public processions.
{State paper}, an official paper relating to the interests or
government of a state. --Jay.
{State prison}, a public prison or penitentiary; -- called
also {State's prison}.
{State prisoner}, one is confinement, or under arrest, for a
political offense.
{State rights}, or {States' rights}, the rights of the
several independent States, as distinguished from the
rights of the Federal government. It has been a question
as to what rights have been vested in the general
government. [U.S.]
{State's evidence}. See {Probator}, 2, and under {Evidence}.
{State sword}, a sword used on state occasions, being borne
before a sovereign by an attendant of high rank.
{State trial}, a trial of a person for a political offense.
{States of the Church}. See under {Ecclesiastical}.
Syn: {State}, {Situation}, {Condition}.
Usage: State is the generic term, and denotes in general the
mode in which a thing stands or exists. The situation
of a thing is its state in reference to external
objects and influences; its condition is its internal
state, or what it is in itself considered. Our
situation is good or bad as outward things bear
favorably or unfavorably upon us; our condition is
good or bad according to the state we are actually in
as respects our persons, families, property, and other
things which comprise our sources of enjoyment.
I do not, brother, Infer as if I thought my
sister's state Secure without all doubt or
controversy. --Milton.
We hoped to enjoy with ease what, in our
situation, might be called the luxuries of life.
--Cock.
And, O, what man's condition can be worse Than
his whom plenty starves and blessings curse?
--Cowley.
State \State\, a.
1. Stately. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. Belonging to the state, or body politic; public.
State \State\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stated}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stating}.]
1. To set; to settle; to establish. [R.]
I myself, though meanest stated, And in court now
almost hated. --Wither.
Who calls the council, states the certain day.
--Pope.
2. To express the particulars of; to set down in detail or in
gross; to represent fully in words; to narrate; to recite;
as, to state the facts of a case, one's opinion, etc.
{To state it}. To assume state or dignity. [Obs.] ``Rarely
dressed up, and taught to state it.'' --Beau. & Fl.
State \State\, n.
A statement; also, a document containing a statement. [R.]
--Sir W. Scott.
Statecraft \State"craft`\, n.
The art of conducting state affairs; state management;
statesmanship.
Stated \Stat"ed\, a.
1. Settled; established; fixed.
He is capable of corruption who receives more than
what is the stated and unquestionable fee of his
office. --Addison.
2. Recurring at regular time; not occasional; as, stated
preaching; stated business hours.
Statedly \Stat"ed*ly\, adv.
At stated times; regularly.
Stateful \State"ful\, a.
Full of state; stately. [Obs.] ``A stateful silence.''
--Marston.
Statehood \State"hood\, n.
The condition of being a State; as, a territory seeking
Statehood.
Statehouse \State"house`\, n.
The building in which a State legislature holds its sessions;
a State capitol. [U. S.]
Stateless \State"less\, a.
Without state or pomp.
Statelily \State"li*ly\, adv.
In a stately manner.
Stateliness \State"li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stately.
For stateliness and majesty, what is comparable to a
horse? --Dr. H. More.
Stately \State"ly\, a. [Compar. {Statelier}; superl.
{Stateliest}.]
Evincing state or dignity; lofty; majestic; grand; as,
statelymanners; a stately gait. ``The stately homes of
England!'' --Mrs. Hemans. ``Filled with stately temples.''
--Prescott.
Here is a stately style indeed! --Shak.
Syn: Lofty; dignified; majestic; grand; august; magnificent.
Stately \State"ly\, adv.
Majestically; loftily. --Milton.
Statement \State"ment\, n.
1. The act of stating, reciting, or presenting, orally or in
paper; as, to interrupt a speaker in the statement of his
case.
2. That which is stated; a formal embodiment in language of
facts or opinions; a narrative; a recital. ``Admirable
perspicuity of statement!'' --Brougham.
Statemonger \State"mon`ger\, n.
One versed in politics, or one who dabbles in state affairs.
Stateprison \State`pris"on\
See under {State}, n.
Stater \Stat"er\, n.
One who states.
Stater \Sta"ter\, n. [L. stater, Gr. ?.] (Gr. Antiq.)
The principal gold coin of ancient Grece. It varied much in
value, the stater best known at Athens being worth about
[pounds]1 2s., or about $5.35. The Attic silver tetradrachm
was in later times called stater.
Stateroom \State"room`\, n.
1. A magnificent room in a place or great house.
2. A small apartment for lodging or sleeping in the cabin, or
on the deck, of a vessel; also, a somewhat similar
apartment in a railway sleeping car.
States-general \States"-gen"er*al\, n.
1. In France, before the Revolution, the assembly of the
three orders of the kingdom, namely, the clergy, the
nobility, and the third estate, or commonalty.
2. In the Netherlands, the legislative body, composed of two
chambers.
Statesman \States"man\, n.; pl. {Statesmen}.
1. A man versed in public affairs and in the principles and
art of government; especially, one eminent for political
abilities.
The minds of some of our statesmen, like the pupil
of the human eye, contract themselves the more, the
stronger light there is shed upon them. --More.
2. One occupied with the affairs of government, and
influental in shaping its policy.
3. A small landholder. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Statesmanlike \States"man*like`\, a.
Having the manner or wisdom of statesmen; becoming a
statesman.
Statesmanly \States"man*ly\, a.
Becoming a statesman.
Statesmanship \States"man*ship\, n.
The qualifications, duties, or employments of a statesman.
Stateswoman \States"wom`an\, n.; pl. {Stateswomen}.
A woman concerned in public affairs.
A rare stateswoman; I admire her bearing. --B. Jonson.
Stathmograph \Stath"mo*graph\, n. [Gr. ? a measuring line +
-graph.]
A contrivance for recording the speed of a railway train.
--Knight.
Static \Stat"ic\, Statical \Stat"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ? causing to
stand, skilled in weighing, fr. ? to cause to stand: cf. F.
statique. See {Stand}, and cf. {Stage}.]
1. Resting; acting by mere weight without motion; as,
statical pressure; static objects.
2. Pertaining to bodies at rest or in equilibrium.
{Statical electricity}. See Note under {Electricity}, 1.
{Statical moment}. See under {Moment}.
Statically \Stat"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a statical manner.
Statics \Stat"ics\, n. [Cf. F. statique, Gr. ? the art of
weighing, fr. ?. See {Static}.]
That branch of mechanics which treats of the equilibrium of
forces, or relates to bodies as held at rest by the forces
acting on them; -- distinguished from dynamics.
{Social statics}, the study of the conditions which concern
the existence and permanence of the social state.
Stating \Stat"ing\, n.
The act of one who states anything; statement; as, the
statingof one's opinions.
Station \Sta"tion\, n. [F., fr. L. statio, from stare, statum,
to stand. See {Stand}.]
1. The act of standing; also, attitude or pose in standing;
posture. [R.]
A station like the herald, Mercury. --Shak.
Their manner was to stand at prayer, whereupon their
meetings unto that purpose . . . had the names of
stations given them. --Hooker.
2. A state of standing or rest; equilibrium. [Obs.]
All progression is performed by drawing on or
impelling forward some part which was before in
station, or at quiet. --Sir T.
Browne.
3. The spot or place where anything stands, especially where
a person or thing habitually stands, or is appointed to
remain for a time; as, the station of a sentinel.
Specifically:
(a) A regular stopping place in a stage road or route; a
place where railroad trains regularly come to a stand,
for the convenience of passengers, taking in fuel,
moving freight, etc.
(b) The headquarters of the police force of any precinct.
(c) The place at which an instrument is planted, or
observations are made, as in surveying.
(d) (Biol.) The particular place, or kind of situation, in
which a species naturally occurs; a habitat.
(e) (Naut.) A place to which ships may resort, and where
they may anchor safely.
(f) A place or region to which a government ship or fleet
is assigned for duty.
(g) (Mil.) A place calculated for the rendezvous of
troops, or for the distribution of them; also, a spot
well adapted for offensive measures. --Wilhelm (Mil.
Dict.).
(h) (Mining) An enlargement in a shaft or galley, used as
a landing, or passing place, or for the accomodation
of a pump, tank, etc.
4. Post assigned; office; the part or department of public
duty which a person is appointed to perform; sphere of
duty or occupation; employment.
By spending this day [Sunday] in religious
exercises, we acquire new strength and resolution to
perform God's will in our several stations the week
following. --R. Nelson.
5. Situation; position; location.
The fig and date -- why love they to remain In
middle station, and an even plain? --Prior.
6. State; rank; condition of life; social status.
The greater part have kept, I see, Their station.
--Milton.
They in France of the best rank and station. --Shak.
7. (Eccl.)
(a) The fast of the fourth and sixth days of the week,
Wednesday and Friday, in memory of the council which
condemned Christ, and of his passion.
(b) (R. C. Ch.) A church in which the procession of the
clergy halts on stated days to say stated prayers.
--Addis & Arnold.
(c) One of the places at which ecclesiastical processions
pause for the performance of an act of devotion;
formerly, the tomb of a martyr, or some similarly
consecrated spot; now, especially, one of those
representations of the successive stages of our Lord's
passion which are often placed round the naves of
large churches and by the side of the way leading to
sacred edifices or shrines, and which are visited in
rotation, stated services being performed at each; --
called also {Station of the cross}. --Fairholt.
{Station bill}. (Naut.) Same as {Quarter bill}, under
{Quarter}.
{Station house}.
(a) The house serving for the headquarters of the police
assigned to a certain district, and as a place of
temporary confinement.
(b) The house used as a shelter at a railway station.
{Station master}, one who has charge of a station, esp. of a
railway station.
{Station pointer} (Surv.), an instrument for locating on a
chart the position of a place from which the angles
subtended by three distant objects, whose positions are
known, have been observed.
{Station staff} (Surv.), an instrument for taking angles in
surveying. --Craig.
Syn: {Station}, {Depot}.
Usage: In the United States, a stopping place on a railway
for passengers and freight is commonly called a depot:
but to a considerable extent in official use, and in
common speech, the more appropriate name, station, has
been adopted.
Station \Sta"tion\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stationed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Stationing}.]
To place; to set; to appoint or assign to the occupation of a
post, place, or office; as, to station troops on the right of
an army; to station a sentinel on a rampart; to station ships
on the coasts of Africa.
He gained the brow of the hill, where the English
phalanx was stationed. --Lyttelton.
Stational \Sta"tion*al\, a. [L. stationalis: cf. F. stationnale
(['e]glise).]
Of or pertaining to a station. [R.]
Stationariness \Sta"tion*a*ri*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stationary; fixity.
Stationary \Sta"tion*a*ry\, a. [L. stationarius: cf. F.
stationnaire. Cf. {Stationer}.]
1. Not moving; not appearing to move; stable; fixed.
Charles Wesley, who is a more stationary man, does
not believe the story. --Southey.
2. Not improving or getting worse; not growing wiser,
greater, better, more excellent, or the contrary.
3. Appearing to be at rest, because moving in the line of
vision; not progressive or retrograde, as a planet.
{Stationary air} (Physiol.), the air which under ordinary
circumstances does not leave the lungs in respiration.
{Stationary engine}.
(a) A steam engine thet is permanently placed, in
distinction from a portable engine, locomotive, marine
engine, etc. Specifically:
(b) A factory engine, in distinction from a blowing,
pumping, or other kind of engine which is also
permanently placed.
Stationary \Sta"tion*a*ry\, n.; pl. {-ries}.
One who, or that which, is stationary, as a planet when
apparently it has neither progressive nor retrograde motion.
--Holland.
Stationer \Sta"tion*er\, n. [Cf. {Stationary}, a.]
1. A bookseller or publisher; -- formerly so called from his
occupying a stand, or station, in the market place or
elsewhere. [Obs.] --Dryden.
2. One who sells paper, pens, quills, inkstands, pencils,
blank books, and other articles used in writing.
Stationery \Sta"tion*er*y\, n.
The articles usually sold by stationers, as paper, pens, ink,
quills, blank books, etc.
Stationery \Sta"tion*er*y\, a.
Belonging to, or sold by, a stationer.
Statism \Sta"tism\, n. [From {State}.]
The art of governing a state; statecraft; policy. [Obs.]
The enemies of God . . . call our religion statism.
--South.
Statist \Sta"tist\, n. [From {State}.]
1. A statesman; a politician; one skilled in government.
[Obs.]
Statists indeed, And lovers of their country.
--Milton.
2. A statistician. --Fawcett.
Statistic \Sta*tis"tic\, Statistical \Sta*tis"tic*al\, a. [Cf.
F. statistique.]
Of or pertaining to statistics; as, statistical knowledge,
statistical tabulation.
Statistically \Sta*tis"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In the way of statistics.
Statistician \Stat`is*ti"cian\, n. [Cf. F. statisticien.]
One versed in statistics; one who collects and classifies
facts for statistics.
Statistics \Sta*tis"tics\, n. [Cf. F. statistique, G. statistik.
See {State}, n.]
1. The science which has to do with the collection and
classification of certain facts respecting the condition
of the people in a state.
Note: [In this sense gramatically singular.]
2. pl. Classified facts respecting the condition of the
people in a state, their health, their longevity, domestic
economy, arts, property, and political strength, their
resources, the state of the country, etc., or respecting
any particular class or interest; especially, those facts
which can be stated in numbers, or in tables of numbers,
or in any tabular and classified arrangement.
Statistology \Stat`is*tol"o*gy\, n. [Statistics + -logy.]
See {Statistics}, 2.
Stative \Sta"tive\, a. [L. stativus, fr. stare, statum, to
stand.] (Mil.)
Of or pertaining to a fixed camp, or military posts or
quarters. [Obs. or R.]
Statoblast \Stat"o*blast\, n. [Gr. ? standing (i. e., remaining)
+ -blast.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of a peculiar kind of internal buds, or germs, produced
in the interior of certain Bryozoa and sponges, especially in
the fresh-water species; -- also called {winter buds}.
Note: They are protected by a firm covering, and are usually
destined to perpetuate the species during the winter
season. They burst open and develop in the spring. In
some fresh-water sponges they serve to preserve the
species during the dry season. See Illust. under
{Phylactol[ae]mata}.
Statocracy \Sta*toc"ra*cy\, n. [State + -cracy, as in
democracy.]
Government by the state, or by political power, in
distinction from government by ecclesiastical power. [R.]
--O. A. Brownson.
Statua \Stat"u*a\, n. [L.]
A statue. [Obs.]
They spake not a word; But, like dumb statuas or
breathing stones, Gazed each on other. --Shak.
Statuary \Stat"u*a*ry\, n.; pl. {Statuaries}. [L. statuarius,
n., fr. statuarius, a., of or belonging to statues, fr.
statua statue: cf. F. statuaire. See {Statue}.]
1. One who practices the art of making statues.
On other occasions the statuaries took their
subjects from the poets. --Addison.
2. [L. statuaria (sc. ars): cf. F. statuaire.] The art of
carving statues or images as representatives of real
persons or things; a branch of sculpture. --Sir W. Temple.
3. A collection of statues; statues, collectively.
Statue \Stat"ue\, n. [F., fr. L. statua (akin to stativus
standing still), fr. stare, statum, to stand. See {Stand}.]
1. The likeness of a living being sculptured or modeled in
some solid substance, as marble, bronze, or wax; an image;
as, a statue of Hercules, or of a lion.
I will raise her statue in pure gold. --Shak.
2. A portrait. [Obs.] --Massinger.
Statue \Stat"ue\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Statued}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Statuing}.]
To place, as a statue; to form a statue of; to make into a
statue. ``The whole man becomes as if statued into stone and
earth.'' --Feltham.
Statued \Stat"ued\, a.
Adorned with statues. ``The statued hall.'' --Longfellow.
``Statued niches.'' --G. Eliot.
Statueless \Stat"ue*less\, a.
Without a statue.
Statuelike \Stat"ue*like`\, a.
Like a statue; motionless.
Statuesque \Stat`u*esque"\, a.
Partaking of, or exemplifying, the characteristics of a
statue; having the symmetry, or other excellence, of a statue
artistically made; as, statuesquelimbs; a statuesque
attitude.
Their characters are mostly statuesque even in this
respect, that they have no background. --Hare.
Statuesquely \Stat`u*esque"ly\, adv.
In a statuesque manner; in a way suggestive of a statue; like
a statue.
A character statuesquely simple in its details.
--Lowell.
Statuette \Stat`u*ette"\, n. [F., cf. It. statuetta.]
A small statue; -- usually applied to a figure much less than
life size, especially when of marble or bronze, or of plaster
or clay as a preparation for the marble or bronze, as
distinguished from a figure in terra cotta or the like. Cf.
{Figurine}.
Statuminate \Sta*tu"mi*nate\, v. t. [L. statuminatus, p. p. of
statuminare to prop, fr. statumen a prop, fr. statuere to
place.]
To prop or support. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Stature \Stat"ure\, n. [F. stature, OF. estature, from L.
statura, originally, an upright posture, hence, height or
size of the body, from stare, statum, to stand. See {Stand}.]
The natural height of an animal body; -- generally used of
the human body.
Foreign men of mighty stature came. --Dryden.
Statured \Stat"ured\, a.
Arrived at full stature. [R.]
Status \Sta"tus\, n. [L.]
State; condition; position of affairs.
Status in quo \Sta"tus in` quo"\, Status quo \Sta"tus quo"\ .
[L., state in which.]
The state in which anything is already. The phrase is also
used retrospectively, as when, on a treaty of place, matters
return to the status quo ante bellum, or are left in statu
quo ante bellum, i.e., the state (or, in the state) before
the war.
Statutable \Stat"u*ta*ble\, a.
1. Made or introduced by statute; proceeding from an act of
the legistature; as, a statutable provision or remedy.
2. Made or being in conformity to statute; standard; as,
statutable measures.
Statutably \Stat"u*ta*bly\, adv.
Conformably to statute.
Statute \Stat"ute\, n. [F. statut, LL. statutum, from L.
statutus, p. p. of statuere to set, station, ordain, fr.
status position, station, fr. stare, statum, to stand. See
{Stand}, and cf. {Constitute}, {Destitute}.]
1. An act of the legislature of a state or country,
declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something; a
positive law; the written will of the legislature
expressed with all the requisite forms of legislation; --
used in distinction fraom {common law}. See {Common law},
under {Common}, a. --Bouvier.
Note: Statute is commonly applied to the acts of a
legislative body consisting of representatives. In
monarchies, legislature laws of the sovereign are
called edicts, decrees, ordinances, rescripts, etc. In
works on international law and in the Roman law, the
term is used as embracing all laws imposed by competent
authority. Statutes in this sense are divided into
statutes real, statutes personal, and statutes mixed;
statutes real applying to immovables; statutes personal
to movables; and statutes mixed to both classes of
property.
2. An act of a corporation or of its founder, intended as a
permanent rule or law; as, the statutes of a university.
3. An assemblage of farming servants (held possibly by
statute) for the purpose of being hired; -- called also
{statute fair}. [Eng.] Cf. 3d {Mop}, 2. --Halliwell.
{Statute book}, a record of laws or legislative acts.
--Blackstone.
{Statute cap}, a kind of woolen cap; -- so called because
enjoined to be worn by a statute, dated in 1571, in behalf
of the trade of cappers. [Obs.] --Halliwell.
{Statute fair}. See {Statute}, n., 3, above.
{Statute labor}, a definite amount of labor required for the
public service in making roads, bridges, etc., as in
certain English colonies.
{Statute merchant} (Eng. Law), a bond of record pursuant to
the stat. 13 Edw. I., acknowledged in form prescribed, on
which, if not paid at the day, an execution might be
awarded against the body, lands, and goods of the debtor,
and the obligee might hold the lands until out of the
rents and profits of them the debt was satisfied; --
called also a {pocket judgment}. It is now fallen into
disuse. --Tomlins. --Bouvier.
{Statute mile}. See under {Mile}.
{Statute of limitations} (Law), a statute assigned a certain
time, after which rights can not be enforced by action.
{Statute staple}, a bond of record acknowledged before the
mayor of the staple, by virtue of which the creditor may,
on nonpayment, forthwith have execution against the body,
lands, and goods of the debtor, as in the statute
merchant. It is now disused. --Blackstone.
Syn: Act; regulation; edict; decree. See {Law}.
Statutory \Stat"u*to*ry\, a.
Enacted by statute; depending on statute for its authority;
as, a statutory provision.
Staunch \Staunch\, Staunchly \Staunch"ly\, Staunchness
\Staunch"ness\, etc.
See {Stanch}, {Stanchly}, etc.
Staurolite \Stau"ro*lite\, n. [Gr. ? a cross + -lite.] (Min.)
A mineral of a brown to black color occurring in prismatic
crystals, often twinned so as to form groups resembling a
cross. It is a silicate of aluminia and iron, and is
generally found imbedded in mica schist. Called also
{granatite}, and {grenatite}.
Staurolitic \Stau`ro*lit"ic\, a. (Min.)
Of or pertaining to staurolite; resembling or containing
staurolite.
Stauroscope \Stau"ro*scope\, n. [Gr. ? a cross + -scope.]
(Crystallog.)
An optical instrument used in determining the position of the
planes of light-vibration in sections of crystals.
Staurotide \Stau"ro*tide\, n. [F. staurotide, from Gr. ?
cruciform (from Gr. ? a cross) + ? form.] (Min.)
Staurolite.
Stave \Stave\, n. [From {Staff}, and corresponding to the pl.
staves. See {Staff}.]
1. One of a number of narrow strips of wood, or narrow iron
plates, placed edge to edge to form the sides, covering,
or lining of a vessel or structure; esp., one of the
strips which form the sides of a cask, a pail, etc.
2. One of the cylindrical bars of a lantern wheel; one of the
bars or rounds of a rack, a ladder, etc.
3. A metrical portion; a stanza; a staff.
Let us chant a passing stave In honor of that hero
brave. --Wordsworth.
4. (Mus.) The five horizontal and parallel lines on and
between which musical notes are written or pointed; the
staff. [Obs.]
{Stave jointer}, a machine for dressing the edges of staves.
Stave \Stave\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Staved}or {Stove}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Staving}.] [From {Stave}, n., or {Staff}, n.]
1. To break in a stave or the staves of; to break a hole in;
to burst; -- often with in; as, to stave a cask; to stave
in a boat.
2. To push, as with a staff; -- with off.
The condition of a servant staves him off to a
distance. --South.
3. To delay by force or craft; to drive away; -- usually with
off; as, to stave off the execution of a project.
And answered with such craft as women use, Guilty or
guilties, to stave off a chance That breaks upon
them perilously. --Tennyson.
4. To suffer, or cause, to be lost by breaking the cask.
All the wine in the city has been staved. --Sandys.
5. To furnish with staves or rundles. --Knolles.
6. To render impervious or solid by driving with a calking
iron; as, to stave lead, or the joints of pipes into which
lead has been run.
{To stave and tail}, in bear baiting, (to stave) to interpose
with the staff, doubtless to stop the bear; (to tail) to
hold back the dog by the tail. --Nares.
Stave \Stave\, v. i.
To burst in pieces by striking against something; to dash
into fragments.
Like a vessel of glass she stove and sank.
--Longfellow.
Staves \Staves\, n.;
pl. of {Staff}. ``Banners, scarves and staves.'' --R.
Browning. Also (st[=a]vz), pl. of {Stave}.
Stavesacre \Staves"a`cre\, n. [Corrupted from NL. staphis agria,
Gr. ? dried grape + ? wild.] (Bot.)
A kind of larkspur ({Delphinium Staphysagria}), and its
seeds, which are violently purgative and emetic. They are
used as a parasiticide, and in the East for poisoning fish.
Stavewood \Stave`wood`\, n. (Bot.)
A tall tree ({Simaruba amara}) growing in tropical America.
It is one of the trees which yields quassia.
Staving \Stav"ing\, n.
A cassing or lining of staves; especially, one encircling a
water wheel.
Staw \Staw\, v. i. [Cf. Dan. staae to stand, Sw. st[*a].
[root]163.]
To be fixed or set; to stay. [Prov. Eng.]
Stay \Stay\, n. [AS. st[ae]g, akin to D., G., Icel., Sw., & Dan.
stag; cf. OF. estai, F. ['e]tai, of Teutonic origin.] (Naut.)
A large, strong rope, employed to support a mast, by being
extended from the head of one mast down to some other, or to
some part of the vessel. Those which lead forward are called
fore-and-aft stays; those which lead to the vessel's side are
called backstays. See Illust. of {Ship}.
{In stays}, or {Hove in stays} (Naut.), in the act or
situation of staying, or going about from one tack to
another. --R. H. Dana, Jr.
{Stay holes} (Naut.), openings in the edge of a staysail
through which the hanks pass which join it to the stay.
{Stay tackle} (Naut.), a tackle attached to a stay and used
for hoisting or lowering heavy articles over the side.
{To miss stays} (Naut.), to fail in the attempt to go about.
--Totten.
{Triatic stay} (Naut.), a rope secured at the ends to the
heads of the foremast and mainmast with thimbles spliced
to its bight into which the stay tackles hook.
Stay \Stay\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stayed}or {Staid}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Staying}.] [OF. estayer, F. ['e]tayer to prop, fr.
OF. estai, F. ['e]tai, a prop, probably fr. OD. stade,
staeye, a prop, akin to E. stead; or cf. stay a rope to
support a mast. Cf. {Staid}, a., {Stay}, v. i.]
1. To stop from motion or falling; to prop; to fix firmly; to
hold up; to support.
Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the
one side, and the other on the other side. --Ex.
xvii. 12.
Sallows and reeds . . . for vineyards useful found
To stay thy vines. --Dryden.
2. To support from sinking; to sustain with strength; to
satisfy in part or for the time.
He has devoured a whole loaf of bread and butter,
and it has not staid his stomach for a minute. --Sir
W. Scott.
3. To bear up under; to endure; to support; to resist
successfully.
She will not stay the siege of loving terms, Nor
bide the encounter of assailing eyes. --Shak.
4. To hold from proceeding; to withhold; to restrain; to
stop; to hold.
Him backward overthrew and down him stayed With
their rude hands grisly grapplement. --Spenser.
All that may stay their minds from thinking that
true which they heartly wish were false. --Hooker.
5. To hinde?; to delay; to detain; to keep back.
Your ships are stayed at Venice. --Shak.
This business staid me in London almost a week.
--Evelyn.
I was willing to stay my reader on an argument that
appeared to me new. --Locke.
6. To remain for the purpose of; to wait for. ``I stay dinner
there.'' --Shak.
7. To cause to cease; to put an end to.
Stay your strife. --Shak.
For flattering planets seemed to say This child
should ills of ages stay. --Emerson.
8. (Engin.) To fasten or secure with stays; as, to stay a
flat sheet in a steam boiler.
9. (Naut.) To tack, as a vessel, so that the other side of
the vessel shall be presented to the wind.
{To stay a mast} (Naut.), to incline it forward or aft, or to
one side, by the stays and backstays.
Stay \Stay\, v. i. [[root]163. See {Stay} to hold up, prop.]
1. To remain; to continue in a place; to abide fixed for a
space of time; to stop; to stand still.
She would command the hasty sun to stay. --Spenser.
Stay, I command you; stay and hear me first.
--Dryden.
I stay a little longer, as one stays To cover up the
embers that still burn. --Longfellow.
2. To continue in a state.
The flames augment, and stay At their full height,
then languish to decay. --Dryden.
3. To wait; to attend; to forbear to act.
I'll tell thee all my whole device When I am in my
coach, which stays for us. --Shak.
The father can not stay any longer for the fortune.
--Locke.
4. To dwell; to tarry; to linger.
I must stay a little on one action. --Dryden.
5. To rest; to depend; to rely; to stand; to insist.
I stay here on my bond. --Shak.
Ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and
perverseness, and stay thereon. --Isa. xxx.
12.
6. To come to an end; to cease; as, that day the storm
stayed. [Archaic]
Here my commission stays. --Shak.
7. To hold out in a race or other contest; as, a horse stays
well. [Colloq.]
8. (Naut.) To change tack; as a ship.
Stay \Stay\, n. [Cf. OF. estai, F. ['e]tai support, and E. stay
a rope to support a mast.]
1. That which serves as a prop; a support. ``My only strength
and stay.'' --Milton.
Trees serve as so many stays for their vines.
--Addison.
Lord Liverpool is the single stay of this ministry.
--Coleridge.
2. pl. A corset stiffened with whalebone or other material,
worn by women, and rarely by men.
How the strait stays the slender waist constrain.
--Gay.
3. Continuance in a place; abode for a space of time;
sojourn; as, you make a short stay in this city.
Make haste, and leave thy business and thy care; No
mortal interest can be worth thy stay. --Dryden.
Embrace the hero and his stay implore. --Waller.
4. Cessation of motion or progression; stand; stop.
Made of sphere metal, never to decay Until his
revolution was at stay. --Milton.
Affairs of state seemed rather to stand at a stay.
--Hayward.
5. Hindrance; let; check. [Obs.]
They were able to read good authors without any
stay, if the book were not false. --Robynson
(more's
Utopia).
6. Restraint of passion; moderation; caution; steadiness;
sobriety. [Obs.] ``Not grudging that thy lust hath bounds
and stays.'' --Herbert.
The wisdom, stay, and moderation of the king.
--Bacon.
With prudent stay he long deferred The rough
contention. --Philips.
7. (Engin.) Strictly, a part in tension to hold the parts
together, or stiffen them.
{Stay bolt} (Mech.), a bolt or short rod, connecting opposite
plates, so as to prevent them from being bulged out when
acted upon by a pressure which tends to force them apart,
as in the leg of a steam boiler.
{Stay busk}, a stiff piece of wood, steel, or whalebone, for
the front support of a woman's stays. Cf. {Busk}.
{Stay rod}, a rod which acts as a stay, particularly in a
steam boiler.
Stayed \Stayed\, a.
Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See
{Staid}. --Bacon. Pope.
Stayedly \Stayed"ly\, adv.
Staidly. See {Staidly}. [R.]
Stayedness \Stayed"ness\, n.
1. Staidness. [Archaic] --W. Whately.
2. Solidity; weight. [R.] --Camden.
Stayer \Stay"er\, n.
One who upholds or supports that which props; one who, or
that which, stays, stops, or restrains; also, colloquially, a
horse, man, etc., that has endurance, an a race.
Staylace \Stay"lace`\, n.
A lace for fastening stays.
Stayless \Stay"less\, a.
Without stop or delay. --Mir. for Mag.
Staymaker \Stay"mak`er\, n.
One whose occupation is to make stays.
Staynil \Stay"nil\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European starling. [Prov. Eng.]
Staysail \Stay"sail`\, n. (Naut.)
Any sail extended on a stay.
Stayship \Stay"ship`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A remora, -- fabled to stop ships by attaching itself to
them.
Stead \Stead\, n. [OE. stede place, AS. stede; akin to LG. & D.
stede, OS. stad, stedi, OHG. stat, G. statt, st["a]tte, Icel.
sta[eth]r, Dan. sted, Sw. stad, Goth. sta?s, and E. stand.
[root]163. See {Stand}, and cf. {Staith}, {Stithy}.]
1. Place, or spot, in general. [Obs., except in composition.]
--Chaucer.
Fly, therefore, fly this fearful stead anon.
--Spenser.
2. Place or room which another had, has, or might have.
``Stewards of your steads.'' --Piers Plowman.
In stead of bounds, he a pillar set. --Chaucer.
3. A frame on which a bed is laid; a bedstead. [R.]
The genial bed, Sallow the feet, the borders, and
the stead. --Dryden.
4. A farmhouse and offices. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Note: The word is now commonly used as the last part of a
compound; as, farmstead, homestead, readstead, etc.
{In stead of}, in place of. See {Instead}.
{To stand in stead}, or {To do stead}, to be of use or great
advantage.
The smallest act . . . shall stand us in great
stead. --Atterbury.
Here thy sword can do thee little stead. --Milton.
Stead \Stead\, v. t.
1. To help; to support; to benefit; to assist.
Perhaps my succour or advisement meet, Mote stead
you much your purpose to subdue. --Spenser.
It nothing steads us To chide him from our eaves.
--Shak.
2. To fill place of. [Obs.] --Shak.
Steadfast \Stead"fast\, a. [Stead + fast, that is, fast in
place.] [Written also stedfast.]
1. Firmly fixed or established; fast fixed; firm. ``This
steadfast globe of earth.'' --Spenser.
2. Not fickle or wavering; constant; firm; resolute;
unswerving; steady. ``Steadfast eye.'' --Shak.
Abide steadfast unto him [thy neighbor] in the time
of his trouble. --Ecclus.
xxii. 23.
Whom resist steadfast in the faith. --1 Pet. v. 9.
Steadfastly \Stead"fast*ly\, adv.
In a steadfast manner; firmly.
Steadfast believe that whatever God has revealed is
infallibly true. --Wake.
Steadfastness \Stead"fast*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being steadfast; firmness; fixedness;
constancy. ``The steadfastness of your faith.'' --Col. ii. 5.
To prove her wifehood and her steadfastness. --Chaucer.
Steadily \Stead"i*ly\, adv.
In a steady manner.
Steadiness \Stead"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being steady.
Steadiness is a point of prudence as well as of
courage. --L'Estrange.
Syn: Constancy; resolution; unchangeableness.
Steading \Stead"ing\, n.
The brans, stables, cattle-yards, etc., of a farm; -- called
also {onstead}, {farmstead}, {farm offices}, or {farmery}.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Steady \Stead"y\, a. [Compar. {Steadier}; superl. {Steadiest}.]
[Cf. AS. stedig sterile, barren, st[ae]??ig, steady (in
gest[ae]??ig), D. stedig, stadig, steeg, G. st["a]tig,
stetig. See {Stead}, n.]
1. Firm in standing or position; not tottering or shaking;
fixed; firm. ``The softest, steadiest plume.'' --Keble.
Their feet steady, their hands diligent, their eyes
watchful, and their hearts resolute. --Sir P.
Sidney.
2. Constant in feeling, purpose, or pursuit; not fickle,
changeable, or wavering; not easily moved or persuaded to
alter a purpose; resolute; as, a man steady in his
principles, in his purpose, or in the pursuit of an
object.
3. Regular; constant; undeviating; uniform; as, the steady
course of the sun; a steady breeze of wind.
Syn: Fixed; regular; uniform; undeviating; invariable;
unremitted; stable.
{Steady rest} (Mach), a rest in a turning lathe, to keep a
long piece of work from trembling.
Steady \Stead"y\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Steadied}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Steadying}.]
To make steady; to hold or keep from shaking, reeling, or
falling; to make or keep firm; to support; to make constant,
regular, or resolute.
Steady \Stead"y\, v. i.
To become steady; to regain a steady position or state; to
move steadily.
Without a breeze, without a tide, She steadies with
upright keel. --Coleridge.
Steak \Steak\, n. [OE. steike, Icel. steik, akin to Icel.
steikja to roast, stikna to be roasted or scorched, and E.
stick, the steak being broiled on a spit. See {Stick}, v. t.]
A slice of beef, broiled, or cut for broiling; -- also
extended to the meat of other large animals; as, venison
steak; bear steak; pork steak; turtle steak.
Steal \Steal\, n. [See {Stale} a handle.]
A handle; a stale, or stele. [Archaic or Prov. Eng.]
And in his hand a huge poleax did bear. Whose steale
was iron-studded but not long. --Spenser.
Steal \Steal\, v. t. [imp. {Stole}; p. p. {Stolen}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Stealing}.] [OE. stelen, AS. stelan; akin to OFries.
stela, D. stelen, OHG. stelan, G. stehlen, Icel. stela, SW.
stj["a]la, Dan. sti[ae]le, Goth. stilan.]
1. To take and carry away, feloniously; to take without right
or leave, and with intent to keep wrongfully; as, to steal
the personal goods of another.
Maugre thy heed, thou must for indigence Or steal,
or borrow, thy dispense. --Chaucer.
The man who stole a goose and gave away the giblets
in ?lms. --G. Eliot.
2. To withdraw or convey clandestinely (reflexive); hence, to
creep furtively, or to insinuate.
They could insinuate and steal themselves under the
same by their humble carriage and submission.
--Spenser.
He will steal himself into a man's favor. --Shak.
3. To gain by insinuating arts or covert means.
So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.
--2 Sam. xv.
6.
4. To get into one's power gradually and by imperceptible
degrees; to take possession of by a gradual and
imperceptible appropriation; -- with away.
Variety of objects has a tendency to steal away the
mind from its steady pursuit of any subject. --I.
Watts.
5. To accomplish in a concealed or unobserved manner; to try
to carry out secretly; as, to steal a look.
Always, when thou changest thine opinion or course,
profess it plainly, . . . and do not think to steal
it. --Bacon.
{To steal a march}, to march in a covert way; to gain an
advantage unobserved; -- formerly followed by of, but now
by on or upon, and sometimes by over; as, to steal a march
upon one's political rivals.
She yesterday wanted to steal a march of poor Liddy.
--Smollett.
Fifty thousand men can not easily steal a march over
the sea. --Walpole.
Syn: To filch; pilfer; purloin; thieve.
Steal \Steal\, v. i.
1. To practice, or be guilty of, theft; to commit larceny or
theft.
Thou shalt not steal. --Ex. xx. 15.
2. To withdraw, or pass privily; to slip in, along, or away,
unperceived; to go or come furtively. --Chaucer.
Fixed of mind to avoid further entreaty, and to fly
all company, one night she stole away. --Sir P.
Sidney.
From whom you now must steal, and take no leave.
--Shak.
A soft and solemn breathing sound Rose like a steam
of rich, distilled perfumes, And stole upon the air.
--Milton.
Stealer \Steal"er\, n.
1. One who steals; a thief.
2. (Shipbuilding) The endmost plank of a strake which stops
short of the stem or stern.
Stealing \Steal"ing\, n.
1. The act of taking feloniously the personal property of
another without his consent and knowledge; theft; larceny.
2. That which is stolen; stolen property; -- chiefly used in
the plural.
Stealingly \Steal"ing*ly\, adv.
By stealing, or as by stealing, furtively, or by an invisible
motion. --Sir P. Sidney.
Stealth \Stealth\, n. [OE. staple. See {Steal}, v. t.]
1. The act of stealing; theft. [Obs.]
The owner proveth the stealth to have been committed
upon him by such an outlaw. --Spenser.
2. The thing stolen; stolen property. [Obs.] ``Sluttish dens
. . . serving to cover stealths.'' --Sir W. Raleigh.
3. The bringing to pass anything in a secret or concealed
manner; a secret procedure; a clandestine practice or
action; -- in either a good or a bad sense.
Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.
--Pope.
The monarch, blinded with desire of wealth, With
steel invades the brother's life by stealth.
--Dryden.
I told him of your stealth unto this wood. --Shak.
Stealthful \Stealth"ful\, a.
Given to stealth; stealthy. [Obs.] -- {Stealth"ful*ly}, adv.
[Obs.] -- {Stealth"ful*ness}, n. [Obs.]
Stealthily \Stealth"i*ly\, adv.
In a stealthy manner.
Stealthiness \Stealth"i*ness\, n.
The state, quality, or character of being stealthy; stealth.
Stealthlike \Stealth"like`\, a.
Stealthy; sly. --Wordsworth.
Stealthy \Stealth"y\, a. [Compar. {Stealthier}; superl.
{Stealthiest}.]
Done by stealth; accomplished clandestinely; unperceived;
secret; furtive; sly.
[Withered murder] with his stealthy pace, . . . Moves
like a ghost. --Shak.
Steam \Steam\, n. [OE. stem, steem, vapor, flame, AS. ste['a]m
vapor, smoke, odor; akin to D. stoom steam, perhaps
originally, a pillar, or something rising like a pillar; cf.
Gr. ? to erect, ? a pillar, and E. stand.]
1. The elastic, a["e]riform fluid into which water is
converted when heated to the boiling points; water in the
state of vapor.
2. The mist formed by condensed vapor; visible vapor; -- so
called in popular usage.
3. Any exhalation. ``A steam og rich, distilled perfumes.''
--Milton.
{Dry steam}, steam which does not contain water held in
suspension mechanically; -- sometimes applied to
superheated steam.
{Exhaust steam}. See under {Exhaust}.
{High steam}, or {High-pressure steam}, steam of which the
pressure greatly exceeds that of the atmosphere.
{Low steam}, or {Low-pressure steam}, steam of which the
pressure is less than, equal to, or not greatly above,
that of the atmosphere.
{Saturated steam}, steam at the temperature of the boiling
point which corresponds to its pressure; -- sometimes also
applied to {wet steam}.
{Superheated steam}, steam heated to a temperature higher
than the boiling point corresponding to its pressure. It
can not exist in contact with water, nor contain water,
and resembles a perfect gas; -- called also {surcharged
steam}, {anhydrous steam}, and {steam gas}.
{Wet steam}, steam which contains water held in suspension
mechanically; -- called also {misty steam}.
Note: Steam is often used adjectively, and in combination, to
denote, produced by heat, or operated by power, derived
from steam, in distinction from other sources of power;
as in steam boiler or steam-boiler, steam dredger or
steam-dredger, steam engine or steam-engine, steam
heat, steam plow or steam-plow, etc.
{Steam blower}.
(a) A blower for producing a draught consisting of a jet
or jets of steam in a chimney or under a fire.
(b) A fan blower driven directly by a steam engine.
{Steam boiler}, a boiler for producing steam. See {Boiler},
3, and Note. In the illustration, the shell a of the
boiler is partly in section, showing the tubes, or flues,
which the hot gases, from the fire beneath the boiler,
enter, after traversing the outside of the shell, and
through which the gases are led to the smoke pipe d, which
delivers them to the chimney; b is the manhole; c the
dome; e the steam pipe; f the feed and blow-off pipe; g
the safety value; hthe water gauge.
{Steam car}, a car driven by steam power, or drawn by a
locomotive.
{Steam carriage}, a carriage upon wheels moved on common
roads by steam.
{Steam casing}. See {Steam jacket}, under {Jacket}.
{Steam chest}, the box or chamber from which steam is
distributed to the cylinder of a steam engine, steam pump,
etc., and which usually contains one or more values; --
called also {valve chest}, and {valve box}. See Illust. of
{Slide valve}, under {Slide}.
{Steam chimney}, an annular chamber around the chimney of a
boiler furnace, for drying steam.
{Steam coil}, a coil of pipe, or collection of connected
pipes, for containing steam; -- used for heating, drying,
etc.
{Steam colors} (Calico Printing), colors in which the
chemical reaction fixed the coloring matter in the fiber
is produced by steam.
{Steam cylinder}, the cylinder of a steam engine, which
contains the piston. See Illust. of {Slide valve}, under
{Slide}.
{Steam dome} (Steam Boilers), a chamber upon the top of the
boiler, from which steam is conduced to the engine. See
Illust. of Steam boiler, above.
{Steam fire engine}, a fire engine consisting of a steam
boiler and engine, and pump which is driven by the engine,
combined and mounted on wheels. It is usually drawn by
horses, but is sometimes made self-propelling.
{Steam fitter}, a fitter of steam pipes.
{Steam fitting}, the act or the occupation of a steam fitter;
also, a pipe fitting for steam pipes.
{Steam gas}. See {Superheated steam}, above.
{Steam gauge}, an instrument for indicating the pressure of
the steam in a boiler. The {mercurial steam gauge} is a
bent tube partially filled with mercury, one end of which
is connected with the boiler while the other is open to
the air, so that the steam by its pressure raises the
mercury in the long limb of the tume to a height
proportioned to that pressure. A more common form,
especially for high pressures, consists of a spring
pressed upon by the steam, and connected with the pointer
of a dial. The spring may be a flattened, bent tube,
closed at one end, which the entering steam tends to
straighten, or it may be a diaphragm of elastic metal, or
a mass of confined air, etc.
{Steam gun}, a machine or contrivance from which projectiles
may be thrown by the elastic force of steam.
{Steam hammer}, a hammer for forging, which is worked
directly by steam; especially, a hammer which is guided
vertically and operated by a vertical steam cylinder
located directly over an anvil. In the variety known as
Nasmyth's, the cylinder is fixed, and the hammer is
attached to the piston rod. In that known as Condie's, the
piston is fixed, and the hammer attached to the lower end
of the cylinder.
{Steam heater}.
(a) A radiator heated by steam.
(b) An apparatus consisting of a steam boiler, radiator,
piping, and fixures for warming a house by steam.
{Steam jacket}. See under {Jacket}.
{Steam packet}, a packet or vessel propelled by steam, and
running periodically between certain ports.
{Steam pipe}, any pipe for conveying steam; specifically, a
pipe through which steam is supplied to an engine.
{Steam plow} or {plough}, a plow, or gang of plows, moved by
a steam engine.
{Steam port}, an opening for steam to pass through, as from
the steam chest into the cylinder.
{Steam power}, the force or energy of steam applied to
produce results; power derived from a steam engine.
{Steam propeller}. See {Propeller}.
{Steam pump}, a small pumping engine operated by steam. It is
usually direct-acting.
{Steam room} (Steam Boilers), the space in the boiler above
the water level, and in the dome, which contains steam.
{Steam table}, a table on which are dishes heated by steam
for keeping food warm in the carving room of a hotel,
restaurant, etc.
{Steam trap}, a self-acting device by means of which water
that accumulates in a pipe or vessel containing steam will
be discharged without permitting steam to escape.
{Steam tug}, a steam vessel used in towing or propelling
ships.
{Steam vessel}, a vessel propelled by steam; a steamboat or
steamship; -- a steamer.
{Steam whistle}, an apparatus attached to a steam boiler, as
of a locomotive, through which steam is rapidly
discharged, producing a loud whistle which serves as a
warning signal. The steam issues from a narrow annular
orifice around the upper edge of the lower cup or
hemisphere, striking the thin edge of the bell above it,
and producing sound in the manner of an organ pipe or a
common whistle.
Steam \Steam\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Steamed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Steaming}.]
1. To emit steam or vapor.
My brother's ghost hangs hovering there, O'er his
warm blood, that steams into the air. --Dryden.
Let the crude humors dance In heated brass, steaming
with fire intence. --J. Philips.
2. To rise in vapor; to issue, or pass off, as vapor.
The dissolved amber . . . steamed away into the air.
--Boyle.
3. To move or travel by the agency of steam.
The vessel steamed out of port. --N. P.
Willis.
4. To generate steam; as, the boiler steams well.
Steam \Steam\, v. t.
1. To exhale. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. To expose to the action of steam; to apply steam to for
softening, dressing, or preparing; as, to steam wood; to
steamcloth; to steam food, etc.
Steamboat \Steam"boat`\, n.
A boat or vessel propelled by steam power; -- generally used
of river or coasting craft, as distinguished from ocean
steamers.
Steamboating \Steam"boat`ing\, n.
1. The occupation or business of running a steamboat, or of
transporting merchandise, passengers, etc., by steamboats.
2. (Bookbinding) The shearing of a pile of books which are as
yet uncovered, or out of boards. --Knight.
Steam engine \Steam" en"gine\
An engine moved by steam.
Note: In its most common forms its essential parts are a
piston, a cylinder, and a valve gear. The piston works
in the cylinder, to which steam is admitted by the
action of the valve gear, and communicates motion to
the machinery to be actuated. Steam engines are thus
classified: 1. According to the wat the steam is used
or applied, as condencing, noncondencing, compound,
double-acting, single-acting, triple-expansion, etc. 2.
According to the motion of the piston, as
reciprocating, rotary, etc. 3. According to the motion
imparted by the engine, as rotative and nonrotative. 4.
According to the arrangement of the engine, as
stationary, portable, and semiportable engines, beam
engine, oscillating engine, direct-acting and
back-acting engines, etc. 5. According to their uses,
as portable, marine, locomotive, pumping, blowing,
winding, and stationary engines. Locomotive and
portable engines are usually high-pressure,
noncondencing, rotative, and direct-acting. Marine
engines are high or low pressure, rotative, and
generally condencing, double-acting, and compound.
Paddle engines are generally beam, side?lever,
oscillating, or direct-acting. Screw engines are
generally direct-acting, back-acting, or oscillating.
Stationary engines belong to various classes, but are
generally rotative. A horizontal or inclined stationary
steam engine is called a left-hand or a right-hand
engine when the crank shaft and driving pulley are on
the left-hand side, or the right-hand side,
respectively, or the engine, to a person looking at
them from the cylinder, and is said to run forward or
backward when the crank traverses the upward half, or
lower half, respectively, of its path, while the piston
rod makes its stroke outward from the cylinder. A
marine engine, or the engine of a locomotive, is said
to run forward when its motion is such as would propel
the vessel or the locomotive forward. Steam engines are
further classified as double-cylinder, disk,
semicylinder, trunk engines, etc. Machines, such as
cranes, hammers, etc., of which the steam engine forms
a part, are called steam cranes, steam hammers, etc.
See Illustration in Appendix.
{Back-acting}, or {Back-action}, {steam engine}, a steam
engine in which the motion is transmitted backward from
the crosshead to a crank which is between the crosshead
and the cylinder, or beyond the cylinder.
{Portable steam engine}, a steam engine combined with, and
attached to, a boiler which is mounted on wheels so as to
admit of easy transportation; -- used for driving
machinery in the field, as trashing machines, draining
pumps, etc.
{Semiportable steam engine}, a steam engine combined with,
and attached to, a steam boiler, but not mounted on
wheels.
Steamer \Steam"er\, n.
1. A vessel propelled by steam; a steamship or steamboat.
2. A steam fire engine. See under {Steam}.
3. A road locomotive for use on common roads, as in
agricultural operations.
4. A vessel in which articles are subjected to the action of
steam, as in washing, in cookery, and in various processes
of manufacture.
5. (Zo["o]l.) The steamer duck.
{Steamer duck} (Zo["o]l.), a sea duck ({Tachyeres cinereus}),
native of Patagonia and Terra del Fuego, which swims and
dives with great agility, but which, when full grown, is
incapable of flight, owing to its very small wings. Called
also {loggerhead}, {race horse}, and {side wheel duck}.
Steaminess \Steam"i*ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being steamy; vaporousness;
mistness.
Steamship \Steam"ship`\, n.
A ship or seagoing vessel propelled by the power of steam; a
steamer.
Steamy \Steam"y\, a.
Consisting of, or resembling, steam; full of steam; vaporous;
misty. --Cowper.
Stean \Stean\, n. & v.
See {Steen}. --Spenser.
Steaningp \Stean"ingp\, n.
See {Steening}.
Steapsin \Ste*ap"sin\, n. (Physiol Chem.)
An unorganized ferment or enzyme present in pancreatic juice.
It decomposes neutral fats into glycerin and fatty acids.
Stearate \Ste"a*rate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of stearic acid; as, ordinary soap consists largely of
sodium or potassium stearates.
Stearic \Ste*ar"ic\, a. [Cf. F. st['e]arique.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, stearin or tallow;
resembling tallow.
{Stearic acid} (Chem.), a monobasic fatty acid, obtained in
the form of white crystalline scales, soluble in alcohol
and ether. It melts to an oily liquid at 69[deg]C.
Stearin \Ste"a*rin\, n. [Gr. ? tallow, suet: cf. F.
st['e]arine.] (Physiol. Chem.)
One of the constituents of animal fats and also of some
vegetable fats, as the butter of cacao. It is especially
characterized by its solidity, so that when present in
considerable quantity it materially increases the hardness,
or raises the melting point, of the fat, as in mutton tallow.
Chemically, it is a compound of glyceryl with three molecules
of stearic acid, and hence is technically called tristearin,
or glyceryl tristearate.
Stearolic \Ste`a*rol"ic\, a. [Stearic + oleic + -ic.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acetylene
series, isologous with stearis acid, and obtained, as a white
crystalline substance, from ole["i]c acid.
Stearone \Ste"a*rone\, n. (Chem.)
The ketone of stearic acid, obtained as a white crystalline
substance, ({C17H35)2.CO}, by the distillation of calcium
stearate.
Stearoptene \Ste`a*rop"tene\, n. [Stearic + -optene as in
el[ae]optene.] (Chem.)
The more solid ingredient of certain volatile oils; --
contrasted with el[ae]optene.
Stearrhea \Ste`ar*rhe"a\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? tallow + ? to
flow.] (Med.)
seborrhea.
Stearyl \Ste"a*ryl\, n. [Stearic + -yl.] (Chem.)
The hypothetical radical characteristic of stearic acid.
Steatite \Ste"a*tite\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, fat, tallow: cf. F.
st['e]atite.] (Min.)
A massive variety of talc, of a grayish green or brown color.
It forms extensive beds, and is quarried for fireplaces and
for coarse utensils. Called also {potstone}, {lard stone},
and {soapstone}.
Steatitic \Ste`a*tit"ic\, n. (Min.)
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, steatite; containing or
resembling steatite.
Steatoma \Ste`a*to"ma\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to turn into
tallow or suet, fr. ?, ?, fat, suet.] (Med.)
A cyst containing matter like suet.
Steatomatous \Ste`a*tom"a*tous\, a. (Med.)
Of the nature of steatoma.
Steatopyga \Ste`a*top"y*ga\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, fat + ? the
buttocks.]
A remarkable accretion of fat upon the buttocks of Africans
of certain tribes, especially of Hottentot women.
Steatopygous \Ste`a*top"y*gous\, a.
Having fat buttocks.
Specimens of the steatopygous Abyssinian breed.
--Burton.
Sted \Sted\, n., Stedfast \Sted"fast\, a., Stedfastly
\Sted"fast*ly\, adv., etc.
See {Stead}, {Steadfast}, etc.
Stee \Stee\, n. [Cf. G. stiege. [root]164. See {Stair}.]
A ladder. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] [Written also {stey}.]
Steed \Steed\, n. [OE. stede, AS. st[=e]da a stud-horse, war
horse, fr. st[=o]d a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G.
stute a mare, Icel. stedda, st[=o]?, a stud. [root]163. See
{Stud} of horses.]
A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; --
used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. ``A knight upon a
steed.'' --Chaucer.
Mounted upon a hot and fiery steed. --Shak.
Steedless \Steed"less\, a.
Having no steed; without a horse.
Steek \Steek\, Steik \Steik\, v. t. [Cf. {Stick}, v. t.]
To pierce with a sharp instrument; hence, to stitch; to sew;
also, to fix; to fasten. [Scot.]
Steel \Steel\, n. [AS. st[=e]l, st[=y]l, st[=y]le; akin to D.
staal, G. stahl, OHG. stahal, Icel. st[=a]l, Dan. staal, Sw.
st[*a]l, Old Prussian stakla.]
1. (Metal) A variety of iron intermediate in composition and
properties between wrought iron and cast iron (containing
between one half of one per cent and one and a half per
cent of carbon), and consisting of an alloy of iron with
an iron carbide. Steel, unlike wrought iron, can be
tempered, and retains magnetism. Its malleability
decreases, and fusibility increases, with an increase in
carbon.
2. An instrument or implement made of steel; as:
(a) A weapon, as a sword, dagger, etc. ``Brave Macbeth . .
. with his brandished steel.'' --Shak.
While doubting thus he stood, Received the steel
bathed in his brother's blood. --Dryden.
(b) An instrument of steel (usually a round rod) for
sharpening knives.
(c) A piece of steel for striking sparks from flint.
3. Fig.: Anything of extreme hardness; that which is
characterized by sternness or rigor. ``Heads of steel.''
--Johnson. ``Manhood's heart of steel.'' --Byron.
4. (Med.) A chalybeate medicine. --Dunglison.
Note: Steel is often used in the formation of compounds,
generally of obvious meaning; as, steel-clad,
steel-girt, steel-hearted, steel-plated, steel-pointed,
etc.
{Bessemer steel} (Metal.) See in the Vocabulary.
{Blister steel}. (Metal.) See under {Blister}.
{Cast steel} (Metal.), a fine variety of steel, originally
made by smelting blister or cementation steel; hence,
ordinarily, steel of any process of production when
remelted and cast.
{Cromium steel} (Metal.), a hard, tenacious variety
containing a little cromium, and somewhat resembling
{tungsten steel}.
{Mild steel} (Metal.), a kind of steel having a lower
proportion of carbon than ordinary steel, rendering it
softer and more malleable.
{Puddled steel} (Metal.), a variety of steel produced from
cast iron by the puddling process.
{Steel duck} (Zo["o]l.), the goosander, or merganser. [Prov.
Eng.]
{Steel mill}.
(a) (Firearms) See {Wheel lock}, under {Wheel}.
(b) A mill which has steel grinding surfaces.
(c) A mill where steel is manufactured.
{Steel trap}, a trap for catching wild animals. It consists
of two iron jaws, which close by means of a powerful steel
spring when the animal disturbs the catch, or tongue, by
which they are kept open.
{Steel wine}, wine, usually sherry, in which steel filings
have been placed for a considerable time, -- used as a
medicine.
{Tincture of steel} (Med.), an alcoholic solution of the
chloride of iron.
{Tungsten steel} (Metal.), a variety of steel containing a
small amount of tungsten, and noted for its tenacity and
hardness, as well as for its malleability and tempering
qualities. It is also noted for its magnetic properties.
Steel \Steel\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Steeled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Steeling}.] [AS. stlan: cf. Icel. st[ae]la. See {Steel}, n.]
1. To overlay, point, or edge with steel; as, to steel a
razor; to steel an ax.
2. To make hard or strong; hence, to make insensible or
obdurate.
Lies well steeled with weighty arguments. --Shak.
O God of battles! steel my soldier's hearts. --Shak.
Why will you fight against so sweet a passion, And
steel your heart to such a world of charms?
--Addison.
3. Fig.: To cause to resemble steel, as in smoothness,
polish, or other qualities.
These waters, steeled By breezeless air to smoothest
polish. --Wordsworth.
4. (Elec.) To cover, as an electrotype plate, with a thin
layer of iron by electrolysis. The iron thus deposited is
very hard, like steel.
Steelbow goods \Steel"bow` goods"\ (Scots Law)
Those goods on a farm, such as corn, cattle, implements
husbandry, etc., which may not be carried off by a removing
tenant, as being the property of the landlord.
Steeler \Steel"er\, n.
One who points, edges, or covers with steel.
Steeler \Steel"er\, n. (Shipbuilding)
Same as {Stealer}.
Steelhead \Steel"head`\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) A North Pacific salmon ({Salmo Gairdneri})
found from Northern California to Siberia; -- called also
{hardhead}, and {preesil}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The ruddy duck.
Steeliness \Steel"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being steely.
Steeling \Steel"ing\, n.
The process of pointing, edging, or overlaying with steel;
specifically, acierage. See {Steel}, v.
Steely \Steel"y\, a.
1. Made of steel; consisting of steel. ``The steely point of
Clifford's lance.'' --Shak.
Around his shop the steely sparkles flew. --Gay.
2. Resembling steel; hard; firm; having the color of steel.
``His hair was steely gray.'' --The Century.
She would unarm her noble heart of that steely
resistance against the sweet blows of love. --Sir P.
Sidney.
{Steely iron}, a compound of iron containing less than one
half of one per cent of carbon.
Steelyard \Steel"yard\, n. [So named from a place in London
called the Steelyard, which was a yard in which steel was
sold.]
A form of balance in which the body to be weighed is
suspended from the shorter arm of a lever, which turns on a
fulcrum, and a counterpoise is caused to slide upon the
longer arm to produce equilibrium, its place upon this arm
(which is notched or graduated) indicating the weight; a
Roman balance; -- very commonly used also in the plural form,
steelyards.
Steem \Steem\, n. & v.
See {Esteem}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Steem \Steem\, n. & v.
See 1st and 2nd {Stem}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Steen \Steen\, n. [AS. st?na. See {Stone}.] [Written also
{stean}.]
1. A vessel of clay or stone. ``An huge great earth-pot
steane.'' --Spenser.
2. A wall of brick, stone, or cement, used as a lining, as of
a well, cistern, etc.; a steening.
Steen \Steen\, v. t. [AS. st?nan to adorn with stones or gems.
See {Stone}.]
To line, as a well, with brick, stone, or other hard
material. [Written also {stean}, and {stein}.]
Steenbok \Steen"bok`\, n. [D. steen stone + bok buck.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Steinbock}.
Steening \Steen"ing\, n.
A lining made of brick, stone, or other hard material, as for
a well. [Written also {steaning}.]
Steenkirk \Steen"kirk`\, Steinkirk \Stein"kirk`\, n. [So called
from the battle of Steinkirk, in 1692, on which occasion the
French nobles had no time to arrange their lace neckcloths.]
A kind of neckcloth worn in a loose and disorderly fashion.
Steep \Steep\ (st[=e]p), a.
Bright; glittering; fiery. [Obs.]
His eyen steep, and rolling in his head. --Chaucer.
Steep \Steep\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Steeped} (st[=e]pt); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Steeping}.] [OE. stepen, probably fr. Icel. steypa
to cause to stoop, cast down, pour out, to cast metals,
causative of st[=u]pa to stoop; cf. Sw. st["o]pa to cast, to
steep, Dan. st["o]be, D. & G. stippen to steep, to dip. Cf.
{Stoop}, v. t.]
To soak in a liquid; to macerate; to extract the essence of
by soaking; as, to soften seed by steeping it in water. Often
used figuratively.
Let fancy still my sense in Lethe steep. --Shak.
In refreshing dew to steep The little, trembling
flowers. --Wordsworth.
The learned of the nation were steeped in Latin.
--Earle.
Steep \Steep\, v. i.
To undergo the process of soaking in a liquid; as, the tea is
steeping. [Colloq.]
Steep \Steep\, n.
1. Something steeped, or used in steeping; a fertilizing
liquid to hasten the germination of seeds.
2. A rennet bag. [Prov. Eng.]
Steep \Steep\, a. [Comper. {Steeper}; superl. {Steepest}.] [OE.
steep, step, AS. ste['a]p; akin to Icel. steyp?r steep, and
st[=u]pa to stoop, Sw. stupa to fall, to tilt; cf. OFries.
stap high. Cf. {Stoop}, v. i., {Steep}, v. t., {Steeple}.]
1. Making a large angle with the plane of the horizon;
ascending or descending rapidly with respect to a
horizontal line or a level; precipitous; as, a steep hill
or mountain; a steep roof; a steep ascent; a steep
declivity; a steep barometric gradient.
2. Difficult of access; not easy reached; lofty; elevated;
high. [Obs.] --Chapman.
3. Excessive; as, a steep price. [Slang]
Steep \Steep\, n.
A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock, or ascent; any
elevated object sloping with a large angle to the plane of
the horizon; a precipice. --Dryden.
We had on each side naked rocks and mountains broken
into a thousand irregular steeps and precipices.
--Addison.
Bare steeps, where desolation stalks. --Wordsworth.
Steep-down \Steep"-down`\, a.
Deep and precipitous, having steep descent. [R.]
Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire. --Shak.
Steepen \Steep"en\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Steepened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Steepening}.]
To become steep or steeper.
As the way steepened . . . I could detect in the hollow
of the hill some traces of the old path. --H. Miller.
Steeper \Steep"er\, n.
A vessel, vat, or cistern, in which things are steeped.
Steepiness \Steep"i*ness\, n.
Steepness. --Howell.
Steepish \Steep"ish\, a.
Somewhat steep. --Carlyle.
Steeple \Stee"ple\, n. [OE. stepel, AS. st[=e]pel, st?pel; akin
to E. steep, a.] (Arch.)
A spire; also, the tower and spire taken together; the whole
of a structure if the roof is of spire form. See {Spire}. ``A
weathercock on a steeple.'' --Shak.
{Rood steeple}. See {Rood tower}, under {Rood}.
{Steeple bush} (Bot.), a low shrub ({Spir[ae]a tomentosa})
having dense panicles of minute rose-colored flowers;
hardhack.
{Steeple chase}, a race across country between a number of
horsemen, to see which can first reach some distant
object, as a church steeple; hence, a race over a
prescribed course obstructed by such obstacles as one
meets in riding across country, as hedges, walls, etc.
{Steeple chaser}, one who rides in a steeple chase; also, a
horse trained to run in a steeple chase.
{Steeple engine}, a vertical back-acting steam engine having
the cylinder beneath the crosshead.
{Steeple house}, a church. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Steeplechasing \Stee"ple*chas`ing\, n.
The act of riding steeple chases.
Steeple-crowned \Stee"ple-crowned`\, a.
1. Bearing a steeple; as, a steeple-crowned building.
2. Having a crown shaped like a steeple; as, a
steeple-crowned hat; also, wearing a hat with such a
crown.
This grave, beared, sable-cloaked, and
steeple-crowned progenitor. --Hawthorne.
Steepled \Stee"pled\, a.
Furnished with, or having the form of, a steeple; adorned
with steeples. --Fairfax.
Steeply \Steep"ly\, adv.
In a steep manner; with steepness; with precipitous
declivity.
Steepness \Steep"ness\, n.
1. Quality or state of being steep; precipitous declivity;
as, the steepnessof a hill or a roof.
2. Height; loftiness. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Steep-up \Steep"-up`\, a.
Lofty and precipitous. [R.]
Her stand she takes upon a steep-up hill. --Shak.
Steepy \Steep"y\, a.
Steep; precipitous. [Poetic]
No more, my goats, shall I belong you climb The steepy
cliffs, or crop the flow'ry thyme. --Dryden.
Steer \Steer\, n. [OE. steer, AS. ste['o]r; akin to D. & G.
stier a bull, OHG. stior, Icel. stj[=o]rr, ?j[=o]rr, Sw.
tjur, Dan. tyr, Goth. stiur, Russ. tur', Pol. tur, Ir. &
Gael. tarbh, W. tarw, L. taurus, Gr. ?, Skr. sth?ra strong,
stout, AS. stor large, Icel. st[=o]rr, OHG. st?ri, stiuri.
[root]168. Cf. {Stirk}, {Taurine}, a.]
A young male of the ox kind; especially, a common ox; a
castrated taurine male from two to four years old. See the
Note under {Ox}.
Steer \Steer\, v. t.
To castrate; -- said of male calves.
Steer \Steer\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Steered}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Steering}.] [OE. steeren, steren, AS. sti['e]ran, st?ran,
ste['o]ran; akin to OFries. stiora, stiura, D. sturen, OD.
stieren, G. steuren, OHG. stiuren to direct, support, G.
steuer contribution, tax, Icel. st?ra to steer, govern,Sw.
styra, Dan. styre, Goth. stiurjan to establish, AS. ste['o]r
a rudder, a helm, and probably to Icel. staurr a pale, stake,
Gr. ?, and perhaps ultimately to E. stand. [root]168. Cf.
{Starboard}, {Stern}, n.]
To direct the course of; to guide; to govern; -- applied
especially to a vessel in the water.
That with a staff his feeble steps did steer.
--Spenser.
Steer \Steer\, v. i.
1. To direct a vessel in its course; to direct one's course.
``No helmsman steers.'' --Tennyson.
2. To be directed and governed; to take a direction, or
course; to obey the helm; as, the boat steers easily.
Where the wind Veers oft, as oft [a ship] so steers,
and shifts her sail. --Milton.
3. To conduct one's self; to take or pursue a course of
action.
Steer \Steer\, n. [AS. ste['o]r, sti['o]r; akin to D. stuur, G.
steuer, Icel. st?ri. [root]186. See {Steer}, v. t.] [Written
also {stere}.]
A rudder or helm. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Steer \Steer\, n. [AS. ste['o]ra. See {Steer} a rudder.]
A helmsman, a pilot. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Steerable \Steer"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being steered; dirigible.
Steerage \Steer"age\, n.
1. The act or practice of steering, or directing; as, the
steerage of a ship.
He left the city, and, in a most tempestuous season,
forsook the helm and steerage of the common wealth.
--Milton.
2. (Naut.)
(a) The effect of the helm on a ship; the manner in which
an individual ship is affected by the helm.
(b) The hinder part of a vessel; the stern. [R.] --Swift.
(c) Properly, the space in the after part of a vessel,
under the cabin, but used generally to indicate any
part of a vessel having the poorest accommodations and
occupied by passengers paying the lowest rate of fare.
3. Direction; regulation; management; guidance.
He that hath the steerage of my course. --Shak.
4. That by which a course is directed. [R.]
Here he hung on high, The steerage of his wings.
--Dryden.
{Steerage passenger}, a passenger who takes passage in the
steerage of a vessel.
Steerageway \Steer"age*way`\, n. (Naut.)
A rate of motion through the water sufficient to render a
vessel governable by the helm.
Steerer \Steer"er\, n.
One who steers; as, a boat steerer.
Steering \Steer"ing\,
a. & n. from {Steer}, v.
{Steering wheel} (Naut.), the wheel by means of which the
rudder of a vessel is turned and the vessel is steered.
Steerless \Steer"less\, a.
Having no rudder. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Steerling \Steer"ling\, n.
A young small steer.
Steersman \Steers"man\, n.; pl. {Steersmen}. [Steer a rudder +
man: cf. AS. ste['o]rman.]
One who steers; the helmsman of a vessel. --Milton.
Steersmate \Steers"mate\, n. [Steer a rudder + mate a
companion.]
One who steers; steersman. [Obs.] --Milton.
Steeve \Steeve\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Steeved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Steeving}.] [Cf. OD. steve staff, E. stem, n.]
(Shipbuilding)
To project upward, or make an angle with the horizon or with
the line of a vessel's keel; -- said of the bowsprit, etc.
Steeve \Steeve\, v. t.
1. (Shipbuilding) To elevate or fix at an angle with the
horizon; -- said of the bowsprit, etc.
2. To stow, as bales in a vessel's hold, by means of a
steeve. See {Steeve}, n.
(b) .
Steeve \Steeve\, n. (Naut.)
(a) The angle which a bowsprit makes with the horizon, or
with the line of the vessel's keel; -- called also
{steeving}.
(b) A spar, with a block at one end, used in stowing
cotton bales, and similar kinds of cargo which need to
be packed tightly.
Steeving \Steev"ing\, n.
1. The act or practice of one who steeves.
2. (Naut.) See {Steeve}, n.
(a) .
Steg \Steg\, n. [Icel. steggr the male of several animals. Cf.
{Stag}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A gander. [Written also {stag}.] [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Steganographist \Steg`a*nog"ra*phist\, n.
One skilled in steganography; a cryptographer.
Steganography \Steg`a*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? covered (fr. ? to
cover closely) + -graphy.]
The art of writing in cipher, or in characters which are not
intelligible except to persons who have the key;
cryptography.
Steganophthalmata \Steg`a*noph*thal"ma*ta\, n. pl. [NL., from
Gr. ? covered + ? the eye.] (Zo["o]l.)
The Discophora, or Phanerocarp[ae]. Called also
{Steganophthalmia}.
Steganopod \Ste*gan"o*pod\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Steganopodes.
Steganopodes \Steg`a*nop"o*des\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?,
web-footed; ? covered + ? foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of swimming birds in which all four toes are
united by a broad web. It includes the pelicans, cormorants,
gannets, and others.
Steganopodous \Steg`a*nop"o*dous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having all four toes webbed together.
Stegnosis \Steg*no"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See {Stegnotic}.]
(Med.)
Constipation; also, constriction of the vessels or ducts.
Stegnotic \Steg*no"tic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to cover, to make
costive, fr. ?, ?, covered, closed.] (Med.)
Tending to render costive, or to diminish excretions or
discharges generally. -- n. A stegnotic medicine; an
astringent.
Stegocephala \Steg`o*ceph"a*la\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? roof + ?
head.] (Paleon.)
An extinct order of amphibians found fossil in the Mesozoic
rocks; called also {Stegocephali}, and {Labyrinthodonta}.
Note: Their teeth, in transverse sections, usually show a
labyrinthiform arrangement of the cement and dentine.
The under side of the body was covered with bony
plates. Some of the Stegocephala were of very large
size, and the form of the body varied from short, stout
forms to others that were as slender as serpents.
Stegosauria \Steg`o*sau"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Stegosaurus}.]
(Paleon.)
An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs, including the
genera {Stegosaurus}, {Omosaurus}, and their allies.
Stegosaurus \Steg`o*sau"rus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? roof + ? a
lizard.] (Paleon.)
A genus of large Jurassic dinosaurs remarkable for a powerful
dermal armature of plates and spines.
Steik \Steik\, v. t.
See {Steek}. [Scot.]
Stein \Stein\, n. & v.
See {Steen}.
Steinbock \Stein"bock`\, n. [G. stein stone + bock buck, D. bok.
Cf. {Steenbok}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European ibex.
(b) A small South African antelope ({Nanotragus tragulus})
which frequents dry, rocky districts; -- called also
{steenbok}. [Written also {steinboc}, and steinbok; also
called {stonebock}, and {stonebuck}.]
Steingale \Stein"gale\, n.
The stannel. [Prov. Eng.]
Steining \Stein"ing\, n.
See {Steening}.
Steinkirk \Stein"kirk`\, n.
Same as {Steenkirk}.
Steinkle \Stein"kle\, n.
The wheater. [Prov. Eng.]
Stela \Ste"la\, n.; pl. {Stel[ae]}. [L., from Gr. ? a post, an
upright stone.] (Gr. Antiq.)
A small column or pillar, used as a monument, milestone, etc.
Stele \Ste"le\, n. [NL.]
Same as {Stela}.
One of these steles, containing the Greek version of
the ordinance, has recently been discovered. --I.
Taylor (The
Alphabet).
Stele \Stele\, n. [See {Stale} a handle.]
A stale, or handle; a stalk. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Holland.
Stelene \Ste"lene\, a. [See {Stela}.]
Resembling, or used as, a stela; columnar. [R.]
Stell \Stell\, v. t. [AS. stellan. [root]163.]
To place or fix firmly or permanently. [Obs.] --Shak.
Stell \Stell\, n. [See {Stell}, v. t.]
1. A prop; a support, as for the feet in standing or
cilmbing. [Scot.]
2. A partial inclosure made by a wall or trees, to serve as a
shelter for sheep or cattle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Stellar \Stel"lar\, Stellary \Stel"la*ry\, a. [L. stellaris, fr.
stella a star. See {Star}.]
1. Of or pertaining to stars; astral; as, a stellar figure;
stellary orbs.
[These soft fires] in part shed down Their stellar
virtue. --Milton.
2. Full of stars; starry; as, stellar regions.
Stellate \Stel"late\, Stellated \Stel"la*ted\, a. [L. stellatus,
p. p. of stellare to set or cover with stars, from stella a
star. See {Stellar}.]
1. Resembling a star; pointed or radiated, like the emblem of
a star.
2. (Bot.) Starlike; having similar parts radiating from a
common center; as, stellate flowers.
Stellation \Stel*la"tion\, n.
Radiation of light. [Obs.]
Stelled \Stelled\, a. [See {Stell} to place.]
Firmly placed or fixed. [Obs.] ``The stelled fires'' [the
stars]. --Shak.
Note: [In this passage by some defined as ``starry,'' as if
from stellatus.]
Steller \Stel"ler\, n. [After Geo. W. Steller, a German
naturalist.] (Zo["o]l)
The rytina; -- called also {stellerine}.
Stellerid \Stel"ler*id\, n. [L. stella a star.] (Zo["o]l.)
A starfish.
Stellerida \Stel*ler"i*da\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extensive group of echinoderms, comprising the starfishes
and ophiurans.
Stelleridan \Stel*ler"i*dan\, Stelleridean \Stel`ler*id"e*an\,
n. (Zo["o]l.)
A starfish, or brittle star.
Stelliferous \Stel*lif"er*ous\, a. [L. stellifer; stella star +
ferre 8bear.]
Having, or abounding with, stars.
Stelliform \Stel"li*form\, a. [L. stella a star + -form.]
Like a star; star-shaped; radiated.
Stellify \Stel"li*fy\, v. t. [L. stella a star + -fy.]
To turn into a star; to cause to appear like a star; to place
among the stars, or in heaven. [Obs. or R.] --B. Jonson.
Stellion \Stel"lion\, n. [L. stellio a newt having starlike
spots on its back, fr. stella a star.] (Zo["o]l.)
A lizard ({Stellio vulgaris}), common about the Eastern
Mediterranean among ruins. In color it is olive-green, shaded
with black, with small stellate spots. Called also {hardim},
and {star lizard}.
Stellionate \Stel"lion*ate\, n. [L. stellionatus cozenage,
trickery, fr. stellio a newt, a crafty, knavish person.]
(Scots & Roman Law)
Any fraud not distinguished by a more special name; --
chiefly applied to sales of the same property to two
different persons, or selling that for one's own which
belongs to another, etc. --Erskine.
Stellular \Stel"lu*lar\, a. [L. stellula, dim. of stella a
star.]
1. Having the shape or appearance of little stars; radiated.
2. Marked with starlike spots of color.
Stellulate \Stel"lu*late\, a. (Bot.)
Minutely stellate.
Stelmatopoda \Stel`ma*top"o*da\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a block,
post + ?, ?, eye + ?, ?, foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Gymnol[ae]mata}.
Stelography \Ste*log"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? a post, slab, pillar +
-graphy: cf. Gr. ? an inscription on a tablet.]
The art of writing or inscribing characters on pillars. [R.]
--Stackhouse.
Stem \Stem\, Steem \Steem\, v. i.
To gleam. [Obs.]
His head bald, that shone as any glass, . . . [And]
stemed as a furnace of a leed [caldron]. --Chaucer.
Stem \Stem\, Steem \Steem\, n.
A gleam of light; flame. [Obs.]
Stem \Stem\, n. [AS. stemn, stefn, st[ae]fn; akin to OS. stamn
the stem of a ship, D. stam stem, steven stem of a ship, G.
stamm stem, steven stem of a ship, Icel. stafn, stamn, stem
of a ship, stofn, stomn, stem, Sw. stam a tree trunk, Dan.
stamme. Cf. {Staff}, {Stand}.]
1. The principal body of a tree, shrub, or plant, of any
kind; the main stock; the part which supports the branches
or the head or top.
After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they
spread a very large top, having no bough nor twig in
the trunk or the stem. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
The lowering spring, with lavish rain, Beats down
the slender stem and breaded grain. --Dryden.
2. A little branch which connects a fruit, flower, or leaf
with a main branch; a peduncle, pedicel, or petiole; as,
the stem of an apple or a cherry.
3. The stock of a family; a race or generation of
progenitors. ``All that are of noble stem.'' --Milton.
While I do pray, learn here thy stem And true
descent. --Herbert.
4. A branch of a family.
This is a stem Of that victorious stock. --Shak.
5. (Naut.) A curved piece of timber to which the two sides of
a ship are united at the fore end. The lower end of it is
scarfed to the keel, and the bowsprit rests upon its upper
end. Hence, the forward part of a vessel; the bow.
6. Fig.: An advanced or leading position; the lookout.
Wolsey sat at the stem more than twenty years.
--Fuller.
7. Anything resembling a stem or stalk; as, the stem of a
tobacco pipe; the stem of a watch case, or that part to
which the ring, by which it is suspended, is attached.
8. (Bot.) That part of a plant which bears leaves, or
rudiments of leaves, whether rising above ground or wholly
subterranean.
9. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The entire central axis of a feather.
(b) The basal portion of the body of one of the
Pennatulacea, or of a gorgonian.
10. (Mus.) The short perpendicular line added to the body of
a note; the tail of a crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, etc.
11. (Gram.) The part of an inflected word which remains
unchanged (except by euphonic variations) throughout a
given inflection; theme; base.
{From stem to stern} (Naut.), from one end of the ship to the
other, or through the whole length.
{Stem leaf} (Bot.), a leaf growing from the stem of a plant,
as contrasted with a basal or radical leaf.
Stem \Stem\, v. t.
1. To remove the stem or stems from; as, to stem cherries; to
remove the stem and its appendages (ribs and veins) from;
as, to stem tobacco leaves.
2. To ram, as clay, into a blasting hole.
Stem \Stem\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stemmed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stemming}.] [Either from stem, n., or akin to stammer; cf.
G. stemmen to press against.]
To oppose or cut with, or as with, the stem of a vessel; to
resist, or make progress against; to stop or check the flow
of, as a current. ``An argosy to stem the waves.'' --Shak.
[They] stem the flood with their erected breasts.
--Denham.
Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. --Pope.
Stem \Stem\, v. i.
To move forward against an obstacle, as a vessel against a
current.
Stemming nightly toward the pole. --Milton.
Stem-clasping \Stem"-clasp`ing\, a. (Bot.)
Embracing the stem with its base; amplexicaul; as a leaf or
petiole.
Stemless \Stem"less\, a.
Having no stem; (Bot.) acaulescent.
Stemlet \Stem"let\, n.
A small or young stem.
Stemma \Stem"ma\, n.; pl. {Stemmata}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, pl. ?, a
garland or chaplet.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the ocelli of an insect. See {Ocellus}.
(b) One of the facets of a compound eye of any arthropod.
Stemmer \Stem"mer\, n.
One who, or that which, stems (in any of the senses of the
verbs).
Stemmery \Stem"mer*y\, n.
A large building in which tobacco is stemmed. [U. S.]
--Bartlett.
Stemmy \Stem"my\, a.
Abounding in stems, or mixed with stems; -- said of tea,
dried currants, etc. [Colloq.]
Stemple \Stem"ple\, n. [G. stempel a stamp, a prop, akin to E.
stamp.] (Mining)
A crossbar of wood in a shaft, serving as a step.
Stemson \Stem"son\, n. [See {Stem}, n., and {Keelson}, and cf.
{Sternson}.] (Shipbuilding)
A piece of curved timber bolted to the stem, keelson, and
apron in a ship's frame near the bow.
Stem-winder \Stem"-wind`er\, n.
A stem-winding watch. [Colloq.]
Stem-winding \Stem"-wind`ing\, a.
Wound by mechanism connected with the stem; as, a
stem-winding watch.
Stench \Stench\, v. t.
To stanch. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Stench \Stench\, n. [AS. stenc a strong smell, fr. stincan. See
{Stink}, v. i.]
1. A smell; an odor. [Obs.]
Clouds of savory stench involve the sky. --Dryden.
2. An ill smell; an offensive odor; a stink. --Cowper.
{Stench trap}, a contrivance to prevent stench or foul air
from rising from the openings of sewers, drains, etc.
Stench \Stench\, v. t. [AS. stencan to emit a smell, fr. stincan
to smell. See {Stench}, n.]
To cause to emit a disagreeable odor; to cause to stink.
[Obs.] --Young.
Stenchy \Stench"y\, a.
Having a stench. [Obs.] --Dyer.
Stencil \Sten"cil\, n. [Probably from OF. estincelle spangle,
spark, F. ['e]tincelle spark, L. scintilla. See
{Scintillate}, and cf. {Tinsel}.]
A thin plate of metal, leather, or other material, used in
painting, marking, etc. The pattern is cut out of the plate,
which is then laid flat on the surface to be marked, and the
color brushed over it. Called also {stencil plate}.
Stencil \Sten"cil\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stenciled}or
{Stencilled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Stenciling} or {Stencilling}.]
To mark, paint, or color in figures with stencils; to form or
print by means of a stencil.
Stenciler \Sten"cil*er\, n.
One who paints or colors in figures by means of stencil.
[Written also {stenciller}.]
Stenoderm \Sten"o*derm\, n. [Gr. ? narrow, little + -derm.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any species of bat belonging to the genus {Stenoderma},
native of the West Indies and South America. These bats have
a short or rudimentary tail and a peculiarly shaped nose
membrane.
Stenodermine \Sten`o*der"mine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the genus {Stenoderma}, which includes
several West Indian and South American nose-leaf bats.
Stenograph \Sten"o*graph\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stenographed};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Stenographing}.]
To write or report in stenographic characters.
Stenograph \Sten"o*graph\, n.
A production of stenography; anything written in shorthand.
I saw the reporters' room, in which they redact their
hasty stenographs. --Emerson.
Stenographer \Ste*nog"ra*pher\, n.
One who is skilled in stenography; a writer of shorthand.
Stenographic \Sten`o*graph"ic\, Stenographical
\Sten`o*graph"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. st['e]nographique.]
Of or pertaining to stenography.
Stenographist \Ste*nog"ra*phist\, n.
A stenographer.
Stenography \Ste*nog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? narrow, close + graphy:
cf. F. st['e]nographie, G. stenographie.]
The art of writing in shorthand, by using abbreviations or
characters for whole words; shorthand.
Stenophyllous \Ste*noph"yl*lous\, a. [Gr. ? narrow + ? leaf.]
(Bot.)
Having narrow leaves.
Stenosis \Ste*no"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? narrow.] (Med.)
A narrowing of the opening or hollow of any passage, tube, or
orifice; as, stenosis of the pylorus. It differs from
stricture in being applied especially to diffused rather than
localized contractions, and in always indicating an origin
organic and not spasmodic.
Stenostome \Sten"o*stome\, a. [Gr. steno`s narrow, little +
sto`ma mouth.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having a small or narrow mouth; -- said of certain small
ground snakes ({Opoterodonta}), which are unable to dilate
their jaws.
Stent \Stent\, v. t. [Obs. imp. {Stente}; obs. p. p. {Stent}.]
[See {Stint}.]
To keep within limits; to restrain; to cause to stop, or
cease; to stint.
Then would he weep, he might not be stent. --Chaucer.
Yet n'ould she stent Her bitter railing and foul
revilement. --Spenser.
Stent \Stent\, v. i.
To stint; to stop; to cease.
And of this cry they would never stenten. --Chaucer.
Stent \Stent\, n.
An allotted portion; a stint. ``Attain'd his journey's
stent.'' --Mir. for Mag.
Stenting \Stent"ing\, n.
An opening in a wall in a coal mine. [Written also
{stenton}.] [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Stentor \Sten"tor\, n. [L. Stentor, Gr. ?.]
1. A herald, in the Iliad, who had a very loud voice; hence,
any person having a powerful voice.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of ciliated Infusoria belonging to
the genus {Stentor} and allied genera, common in fresh
water. The stentors have a bell-shaped, or
cornucopia-like, body with a circle of cilia around the
spiral terminal disk. See Illust. under {Heterotricha}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A howling monkey, or howler.
Stentorian \Sten*to"ri*an\, a. [L. stentoreus; cf. Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to a stentor; extremely loud; powerful; as,
a stentorian voice; stentorian lungs.
Stentorin \Sten"to*rin\, n. (Chem.)
A blue coloring matter found in some stentors. See {Stentor},
2.
Stentorious \Sten*to"ri*ous\, a.
Stentorian. [R.]
Stentoronic \Sten`to*ron"ic\, a.
Stentorian. [Obs.]
Stentorophonic \Sten`to*ro*phon"ic\, a. [Gr. ? Stentor + ? a
sound, voice. See {Stentor}.]
Speaking or sounding very loud; stentorian. [Obs.]
Of this stentorophonic horn of Alexander there is a
preserved in the Vatican. --Derham.
Step \Step\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Stepped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stepping}.] [AS. st[ae]ppan; akin to OFries. steppa, D.
stappen to step, stap a step, OHG. stepfen to step, G. stapfe
a footstep, OHG. stapfo, G. stufe a step to step on; cf. Gr.
? to shake about, handle roughly, stamp (?). Cf. {Stamp}, n.
& a.]
1. To move the foot in walking; to advance or recede by
raising and moving one of the feet to another resting
place, or by moving both feet in succession.
2. To walk; to go on foot; esp., to walk a little distance;
as, to step to one of the neighbors.
3. To walk slowly, gravely, or resolutely.
Home the swain retreats, His flock before him
stepping to the fold. --Thomson.
4. Fig.: To move mentally; to go in imagination.
They are stepping almost three thousand years back
into the remotest antiquity. --Pope.
{To step aside}, to walk a little distance from the rest; to
retire from company.
{To step forth}, to move or come forth.
{To step} {in or into}.
(a) To walk or advance into a place or state, or to
advance suddenly in.
Whosoever then first, after the troubling of the
water, stepped in, was made whole of whatsoever
disease he had. --John v. 4.
(b) To enter for a short time; as, I just stepped into the
house.
(c) To obtain possession without trouble; to enter upon
easily or suddenly; as, to step into an estate.
{To step out}.
(a) (Mil.) To increase the length, but not the rapidity,
of the step, extending it to thirty-tree inches.
(b) To go out for a short distance or a short time.
{To step short} (Mil.), to diminish the length or rapidity of
the step according to the established rules.
Step \Step\, v. t.
1. To set, as the foot.
2. (Naut.) To fix the foot of (a mast) in its step; to erect.
{To step off}, to measure by steps, or paces; hence, to
divide, as a space, or to form a series of marks, by
successive measurements, as with dividers.
Step \Step\, n. [AS. st[ae]pe. See {Step}, v. i.]
1. An advance or movement made by one removal of the foot; a
pace.
2. A rest, or one of a set of rests, for the foot in
ascending or descending, as a stair, or a round of a
ladder.
The breadth of every single step or stair should be
never less than one foot. --Sir H.
Wotton.
3. The space passed over by one movement of the foot in
walking or running; as, one step is generally about three
feet, but may be more or less. Used also figuratively of
any kind of progress; as, he improved step by step, or by
steps.
To derive two or three general principles of motion
from phenomena, and afterwards to tell us how the
properties and actions of all corporeal things
follow from those manifest principles, would be a
very great step in philosophy. --Sir I.
Newton.
4. A small space or distance; as, it is but a step.
5. A print of the foot; a footstep; a footprint; track.
6. Gait; manner of walking; as, the approach of a man is
often known by his step.
7. Proceeding; measure; action; an act.
The reputation of a man depends on the first steps
he makes in the world. --Pope.
Beware of desperate steps. The darkest day, Live
till to-morrow, will have passed away. --Cowper.
I have lately taken steps . . . to relieve the old
gentleman's distresses. --G. W. Cable.
8. pl. Walk; passage.
Conduct my steps to find the fatal tree. --Dryden.
9. pl. A portable framework of stairs, much used indoors in
reaching to a high position.
10. (Naut.) In general, a framing in wood or iron which is
intended to receive an upright shaft; specif., a block of
wood, or a solid platform upon the keelson, supporting
the heel of the mast.
11. (Mach.)
(a) One of a series of offsets, or parts, resembling the
steps of stairs, as one of the series of parts of a
cone pulley on which the belt runs.
(b) A bearing in which the lower extremity of a spindle
or a vertical shaft revolves.
12. (Mus.) The intervak between two contiguous degrees of the
csale.
Note: The word tone is often used as the name of this
interval; but there is evident incongruity in using
tone for indicating the interval between tones. As the
word scale is derived from the Italian scala, a ladder,
the intervals may well be called steps.
13. (Kinematics) A change of position effected by a motion of
translation. --W. K. Clifford.
{Back step}, {Half step}, etc. See under {Back}, {Half}, etc.
{Step grate}, a form of grate for holding fuel, in which the
bars rise above one another in the manner of steps.
{To take steps}, to take action; to move in a matter.
Step- \Step-\ [AS. ste['o]p-; akin to OFries. stiap-, stiep-, D.
& G. stief-, OHG. stiuf-, Icel. stj?p-, Sw. styf-, and to AS.
[=a]st[=e]pan, [=a]ste['o]pan, to deprive, bereave, as
children of their parents, OHG. stiufen.]
A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son,
daughter, child, etc., to indicate that the person thus
spoken of is not a blood relative, but is a relative by the
marriage of a parent; as, a stepmother to X is the wife of
the father of X, married by him after the death of the mother
of X. See {Stepchild}, {Stepdaughter}, {Stepson}, etc.
Stepbrother \Step"broth`er\, n.
A brother by the marriage of one's father with the mother of
another, or of one's mother with the father of another.
Stepchild \Step"child`\, n. [AS. ste['o]pcild.]
1. A bereaved child; one who has lost father or mother.
[Obs.]
2. A son or daughter of one's wife or husband by a former
marriage.
Stepdame \Step"dame`\, n.
A stepmother. --Spenser.
Stepdaughter \Step"daugh`ter\, n. [AS. ste['o]pdohtor.]
A daughter of one's wife or husband by a former marriage.
Stepfather \Step"fa`ther\, n. [AS. ste['o]pf[ae]der.]
The husband of one's mother by a subsequent marriage.
Stephanion \Ste*pha"ni*on\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? a crown.]
(Anat.)
The point on the side of the skull where the temporal line,
or upper edge of the temporal fossa, crosses the coronal
suture.
Stephanite \Steph"an*ite\, n. [So named after the Archduke
Stephan, mining director of Austria.] (Min.)
A sulphide of antimony and silver of an iron-black color and
metallic luster; called also {black silver}, and {brittle
silver ore}.
Stephanotis \Steph`a*no"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? fit for a
crown, fr. ? crown.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing asclepiadaceous shrubs, of
Madagascar, Malaya, etc. They have fleshy or coriaceous
opposite leaves, and large white waxy flowers in cymes.
2. A perfume said to be prepared from the flowers of
{Stephanotis floribunda}.
Stepladder \Step"lad`der\, n.
A portable set of steps.
Stepmother \Step"moth`er\, n. [AS. ste['o]pm[=o]der.]
The wife of one's father by a subsequent marriage.
Stepparent \Step"par`ent\, n.
Stepfather or stepmother.
Steppe \Steppe\, n. [From Russ. stepe, through G. or F. steppe.]
One of the vast plains in Southeastern Europe and in Asia,
generally elevated, and free from wood, analogous to many of
the prairies in Western North America. See {Savanna}.
{Steppe murrain}. (Far.) See {Rinderpest}.
Stepped \Stepped\, a.
Provided with a step or steps; having a series of offsets or
parts resembling the steps of stairs; as, a stepped key.
{Stepped gear}, a cogwheel of which the teeth cross the face
in a series of steps.
Stepper \Step"per\, n.
One who, or that which, steps; as, a quick stepper.
Stepping-stone \Step"ping-stone`\, n.
1. A stone to raise the feet above the surface of water or
mud in walking.
2. Fig.: A means of progress or advancement.
These obstacles his genius had turned into
stepping-stones. --Macaulay.
That men may rise on stepping-stones Of their dead
selves to higher things. --Tennyson.
Stepsister \Step"sis`ter\, n.
A daughter of one's stepfather or stepmother by a former
marriage.
Stepson \Step"son`\, n. [AS. ste['o]psunu.]
A son of one's husband or wife by a former marriage.
Stepstone \Step"stone`\, n.
A stone laid before a door as a stair to rise on in entering
the house.
-ster \-ster\ [OE. & AS. -estre, -istre.]
A suffix denoting the agent (originally a woman), especially
a person who does something with skill or as an occupation;
as in spinster (originally, a woman who spins), songster,
baxter (= bakester), youngster.
Note: Brewing, baking, and weaving were formerly feminine
labors, and consequently brewster, baxter, and webster
meant, originally, the woman (not the man) who brews,
bakes, or weaves. When men began to perform these
duties the feminine appellations were retained.
Stercobilin \Ster`co*bi"lin\, n. [L. stercus dung + E. bilin.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
A coloring matter found in the f[ae]ces, a product of the
alteration of the bile pigments in the intestinal canal, --
identical with {hydrobilirubin}.
Stercolin \Ster"co*lin\, n. [L. stercus dung + oleum oil.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
Same as {Serolin}
(b) .
Stercoraceous \Ster`co*ra"ceous\, a. [L. stercus, -oris, dung.]
Of or pertaining to dung; partaking of the nature of, or
containing, dung.
Stercoranism \Ster"co*ra*nism\, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
The doctrine or belief of the Stercoranists.
Stercoranist \Ster"co*ra*nist\, n. [LL. stercoranista, fr. L.
stercus, -oris, dung.] (Eccl. Hist.)
A nickname formerly given to those who held, or were alleged
to hold, that the consecrated elements in the eucharist
undergo the process of digestion in the body of the
recipient.
Stercorarian \Ster`co*ra"ri*an\, n.
A Stercoranist.
Stercorary \Ster"co*ra*ry\, n. [LL. stercorarium, from L.
stercorarius belonging to dung.]
A place, properly secured from the weather, for containing
dung.
Stercorate \Ster"co*rate\, n.
Excrement; dung. [Obs.]
Stercoration \Ster`co*ra"tion\, n. [L. stercoratio, from
stercorare to dung.]
Manuring with dung. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Stercorianism \Ster*co"ri*an*ism\, n. (Eccl.)
The doctrine or belief of the Stercoranists.
Stercorin \Ster"co*rin\, n. [L. stercus, -oris, dung.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
Same as {Serolin}
(b) .
Stercory \Ster"co*ry\, n.
Excrement; dung. [Obs.]
Sterculiaceous \Ster*cu`li*a"ceous\, a. [NL. Sterculia, the
typical genus, fr. L. Sterculius the deity that presided over
manuring, from stercus dung. So called because one of the
original species is fetid.] (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order ({Sterculiace[ae]}) of
polypetalous exogenous plants, mostly tropical. The cacao
({Theobroma Cacao}) is the most useful plant of the order.
Stere \Stere\, n. [F. st[`e]re, fr. Gr. ? solid.]
A unit of cubic measure in the metric system, being a cubic
meter, or kiloliter, and equal to 35.3 cubic feet, or nearly
11/3 cubic yards.
Stere \Stere\, v. t. & i.
To stir. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Stere \Stere\, n.
A rudder. See 5th {Steer}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Stere \Stere\, n.
Helmsman. See 6th {Steer}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sterelmintha \Ster`el*min"tha\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. stereo`s
solid + ? a worm.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Platyelminthes}.
Stereo- \Ste"re*o-\ [Gr. stereo`s solid. See {Stare} to gaze.]
A combining form meaning solid, hard, firm, as in
stereo-chemistry, stereography.
Stereobate \Ste"re*o*bate\, n. [Gr. stereo`s solid + ? that
treads or covers, akin to ? base; cf. F. st['e]r['e]obate.]
(Arch.)
The lower part or basement of a building or pedestal; -- used
loosely for several different forms of basement.
Stereo-chemic \Ste`re*o-chem"ic\, Stereo-chemical
\Ste`re*o-chem"ic*al\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or illustrating, the hypothetical space
relations of atoms in the molecule; as, a stereo-chemic
formula.
Stereo-chemistry \Ste`re*o-chem"is*try\, n. [Stereo- +
chemistry.] (Chem.)
Chemistry considered with reference to the space relations of
atoms.
Stereochrome \Ste"re*o*chrome\, n.
Stereochromic picture.
Stereochromic \Ste`re*o*chro"mic\, a.
Pertaining to the art of stereochromy; produced by
stereochromy. -- {Ste`re*o*chro"mic*al*ly}, adv.
Stereochromy \Ste`re*och"ro*my\, n. [Stereo- + Gr. chrw^ma
color.]
A style of painting on plastered walls or stone, in which the
colors are rendered permanent by sprinklings of water, in
which is mixed a proportion of soluble glass (a silicate of
soda).
Stereoelectric \Ste`re*o*e*lec"tric\, a. [Stereo- + electric.]
(Physics)
Of or pertaining to the generation of electricity by means of
solid bodies alone; as, a stereoelectric current is one
obtained by means of solids, without any liquid.
Stereogram \Ste"re*o*gram\, n. [Stereo- + -gram.]
A diagram or picture which represents objects in such a way
as to give the impression of relief or solidity; also, a
stereograph.
Stereograph \Ste"re*o*graph\, n. [Stereo- + -graph.]
Any picture, or pair of pictures, prepared for exhibition in
the stereoscope. Stereographs are now commonly made by means
of photography.
Stereographic \Ste`re*o*graph"ic\, Stereographical
\Ste`re*o*graph"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. st['e]r['e]ographique.]
Made or done according to the rules of stereography;
delineated on a plane; as, a stereographic chart of the
earth.
{Stereographic projection} (Geom.), a method of representing
the sphere in which the center of projection is taken in
the surface of the sphere, and the plane upon which the
projection is made is at right andles to the diameter
passing through the center of projection.
Stereographically \Ste`re*o*graph"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a stereographical manner; by delineation on a plane.
Stereography \Ste`re*og"ra*phy\, n. [Stereo- + graphy: cf. F.
st['e]r['e]ographie.]
The art of delineating the forms of solid bodies on a plane;
a branch of solid geometry which shows the construction of
all solids which are regularly defined.
Note: By cutting pieces of cardboard, or other suitable
material, in the forms represented in the cut, folding
them along the lines indicated, and joining their
edges, the five regular solids may be formed.
Stereometer \Ste`re*om"e*ter\, n. [Stereo- + meter.] (Physics)
1. An instrument for measuring the solid contents of a body,
or the capacity of a vessel; a volumenometer.
2. An instrument for determining the specific gravity of
liquid bodies, porous bodies, and powders, as well as
solids.
Stereometric \Ste`re*o*met"ric\, Stereometrical
\Ste`re*o*met"ric*al\, a. [Cf. F. st['e]r['e]om['e]trique.]
Of or pertaining to stereometry; performed or obtained by
stereometry. -- {Ste`re*o*met"ric*al*ly}, adv.
Stereometry \Ste`re*om"e*try\, n. [Stereo- + -metry: cf. F.
st['e]r['e]om['e]trie.]
The art of measuring and computing the cubical contents of
bodies and figures; -- distinguished from planimetry.
Stereomonoscope \Ste`re*o*mon"o*scope\, n. [Stereo- + mono- +
-scope.]
An instrument with two lenses, by which an image of a single
picture projected upon a screen of ground glass is made to
present an appearance of relief, and may be viewed by several
persons at once.
Stereoplasm \Ste"re*o*plasm\, n. [Stereo- + Gr. ? anything
formed or molded.] (Biol.)
The solid or insoluble portion of the cell protoplasm. See
{Hygroplasm}.
Stereopticon \Ste`re*op"ti*con\, n. [NL. See {Stereo-}, and
{Optic}.]
An instrument, consisting essentially of a magic lantern in
which photographic pictures are used, by which the image of a
landscape, or any object, may be thrown upon a screen in such
a manner as to seem to stand out in relief, so as to form a
striking and accurate representation of the object itself;
also, a pair of magic lanterns for producing the effect of
dissolving views.
Stereoscope \Ste"re*o*scope\, n. [Stereo- + -scope.]
An optical instrument for giving to pictures the appearance
of solid forms, as seen in nature. It combines in one,
through a bending of the rays of light, two pictures, taken
for the purpose from points of view a little way apart. It is
furnished with two eyeglasses, and by refraction or
reflection the pictures are superimposed, so as to appear as
one to the observer.
Note: In the reflecting stereoscope, the rays from the two
pictures are turned into the proper direction for
stereoscopic vision by two plane mirrors set at an
angle with each other, and between the pictures. In the
lenticular stereoscope, the form in general use, the
eyeglasses are semilenses, or marginal portions of the
same convex lenses, set with their edges toward each
other, so that they deflect the rays coming from the
picture so as to strike the eyes as if coming direct
from an intermediate point, where the two pictures are
seen apparently as one.
Stereoscopic \Ste`re*o*scop"ic\, Stereoscopical
\Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the stereoscope; characteristic of, or
adapted to, the stereoscope; as, a stereoscopic effect; the
stereoscopic function of the eyeglasses; stereoscopic views.
-- {Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Stereoscopist \Ste`re*os"co*pist\, n.
One skilled in the use or construction of stereoscopes.
Stereoscopy \Ste`re*os"co*py\, n.
The art or science of using the stereoscope, or of
constructing the instrument or the views used with it.
Stereostatic \Ste`re*o*stat"ic\, a. [Stereo- + static.] (Civil.
Engin.)
Geostatic.
Stereotomic \Ste`re*o*tom"ic\, Stereotomical
\Ste`re*o*tom"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to stereotomy; performed by stereotomy.
Stereotomy \Ste`re*ot"o*my\, n. [Stereo- + Gr. ? to cut: cf. F.
st['e]r['e]otomie.]
The science or art of cutting solids into certain figures or
sections, as arches, and the like; especially, the art of
stonecutting.
Stereotype \Ste"re*o*type\, n. [Stereo- + -type: cf. F.
st['e]r['e]otype.]
1. A plate forming an exact faximile of a page of type or of
an engraving, used in printing books, etc.; specifically,
a plate with type-metal face, used for printing.
Note: A stereotype, or stereotypr plate, is made by setting
movable type as for ordinary printing; from these a
cast is taken in plaster of Paris, paper pulp, or the
like, and upon this cast melted type metal is poured,
which, when hardened, makes a solid page or column,
from which the impression is taken as from type.
2. The art or process of making such plates, or of executing
work by means of them.
{Stereotype block}, a block, usually of wood, to which a
stereotype plate is attached while being used in printing.
Stereotype \Ste"re*o*type\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stereotyped};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Stereotyping}.] [Cf. F. st['e]r['e]otyper.]
1. To prepare for printing in stereotype; to make the
stereotype plates of; as, to stereotype the Bible.
2. Fig.: To make firm or permanent; to fix.
Powerful causes tending to stereotype and aggravate
the poverty of old conditions. --Duke of
Argyll (1887).
Stereotyped \Ste"re*o*typed\, a.
1. Formed into, or printed from, stereotype plates.
2. Fig.: Formed in a fixed, unchangeable manner; as,
stereotyped opinions.
Our civilization, with its stereotyped ways and
smooth conventionalities. --J. C.
Shairp.
Stereotyper \Ste"re*o*ty`per\, n.
One who stereotypes; one who makes stereotype plates, or
works in a stereotype foundry.
Stereotypery \Ste"re*o*ty`per*y\, n.
1. The art, process, or employment of making stereotype
plates.
2. A place where stereotype plates are made; a stereotype
foundry.
Stereotypic \Ste`re*o*typ"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to stereotype, or stereotype plates.
Stereotypist \Ste"re*o*ty`pist\, n.
A stereotyper.
Stereotypographer \Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*pher\, n.
A stereotype printer.
Stereotypography \Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*phy\, n. [Stereo- +
typography.]
The act or art of printing from stereotype plates.
Stereotypy \Ste"re*o*ty`py\, n. [Cf. F. st['e]r['e]otypie.]
The art or process of making stereotype plates.
Sterhydraulic \Ster`hy*drau"lic\, a. [Stereo- + hydraulic.]
Pertaining to, or designating, a kind of hydraulic press;
resembling such a press in action or principle.
{Sterhydraulic press}, an hydraulic press producing pressure
or motion by the introduction of a solid substance (as a
long rod, or a cord wound on a roller) into a cylinder
previously filled with a liquid.
Sterile \Ster"ile\, a. [F. st['e]rile, L. sterilis, akin to Gr.
stereo`s stiff, solid, stei^ros barren, stei^ra a cow that
has not calved, Goth. stair[=o], fem., barren. See {Stare} to
gaze.]
1. Producing little or no crop; barren; unfruitful;
unproductive; not fertile; as, sterile land; a sterile
desert; a sterile year.
2. (Biol.)
(a) Incapable of reproduction; unfitted for reproduction
of offspring; not able to germinate or bear fruit;
unfruitful; as, a sterile flower, which bears only
stamens.
(b) Free from reproductive spores or germs; as, a sterile
fluid.
3. Fig.: Barren of ideas; destitute of sentiment; as, a
sterile production or author.
Sterility \Ste*ril"i*ty\, n. [L. sterilitas: cf. F.
st['e]rilit['e].]
1. The quality or condition of being sterile.
2. (Biol.) Quality of being sterile; infecundity; also, the
state of being free from germs or spores.
Sterilization \Ster`il*i*za"tion\, n. (Biol.)
The act or process of sterilizing, or rendering sterile;
also, the state of being sterile.
Sterilize \Ster"il*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sterilized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sterilizing}.] [Cf. F. st['e]riliser.]
1. To make sterile or unproductive; to impoverish, as land;
to exhaust of fertility. [R.] ``Sterilizing the earth.''
--Woodward.
2. (Biol.)
(a) To deprive of the power of reproducing; to render
incapable of germination or fecundation; to make
sterile.
(b) To destroy all spores or germs in (an organic fluid or
mixture), as by heat, so as to prevent the development
of bacterial or other organisms.
Sterlet \Ster"let\, n. [Russ. sterliade.] (Zo["o]l.)
A small sturgeon ({Acipenser ruthenus}) found in the Caspian
Sea and its rivers, and highly esteemed for its flavor. The
finest caviare is made from its roe.
Sterling \Ster"ling\, n. (Engin.)
Same as {Starling}, 3.
Sterling \Ster"ling\, n. [OE. sterlynge, starling, for
easterling, LL. esterlingus, probably from Easterling, once
the popular name of German trades in England, whose money was
of the purest quality: cf. MHG. sterlink a certain coin. Cf.
{East}. ``Certain merchants of Norwaie, Denmarke, and of
others those parties, called Ostomanni, or (as in our vulgar
language we tearme them), easterlings, because they lie east
in respect of us.'' --Holinshed. ``In the time of . . . King
Richard the First, monie coined in the east parts of Germanie
began to be of especiall request in England for the puritie
thereof, and was called Easterling monie, as all inhabitants
of those parts were called Easterlings, and shortly after
some of that countrie, skillful in mint matters and allaies,
were sent for into this realme to bring the coine to
perfection; which since that time was called of them
sterling, for Easterling.'' --Camden. ``Four thousand pound
of sterlings.'' --R. of Gloucester.]
1. Any English coin of standard value; coined money.
So that ye offer nobles or sterlings. --Chaucer.
And Roman wealth in English sterling view.
--Arbuthnot.
2. A certain standard of quality or value for money.
Sterling was the known and approved standard in
England, in all probability, from the beginning of
King Henry the Second's reign. --S. M. Leake.
Sterling \Ster"ling\, a.
1. Belonging to, or relating to, the standard British money
of account, or the British coinage; as, a pound sterling;
a shilling sterling; a penny sterling; -- now chiefly
applied to the lawful money of England; but sterling cost,
sterling value, are used. ``With sterling money.'' --Shak.
2. Genuine; pure; of excellent quality; conforming to the
highest standard; of full value; as, a work of sterling
merit; a man of sterling good sense.
Stern \Stern\, n. [AS. stearn a kind of bird. See {Starling}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The black tern.
Stern \Stern\, a. [Compar. {Sterner}; superl. {Sternest}.] [OE.
sterne, sturne, AS. styrne; cf. D. stuurish stern, Sw. stursk
refractory. [root]166.]
Having a certain hardness or severity of nature, manner, or
aspect; hard; severe; rigid; rigorous; austere; fixed;
unchanging; unrelenting; hence, serious; resolute; harsh; as,
a sternresolve; a stern necessity; a stern heart; a stern
gaze; a stern decree.
The sterne wind so loud gan to rout. --Chaucer.
I would outstare the sternest eyes that look. --Shak.
When that the poor have cried, C[ae]sar hath wept;
Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. --Shak.
Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard. --Dryden.
These barren rocks, your stern inheritance.
--Wordsworth.
Syn: Gloomy; sullen; forbidding; strict; unkind;
hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; pitiless.
Stern \Stern\, n. [Icel. stj[=o]rn a steering, or a doubtful AS.
ste['o]rn. [root]166. See {Steer}, v. t.]
1. The helm or tiller of a vessel or boat; also, the rudder.
[Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. (Naut.) The after or rear end of a ship or other vessel,
or of a boat; the part opposite to the stem, or prow.
3. Fig.: The post of management or direction.
And sit chiefest stern of public weal. --Shak.
4. The hinder part of anything. --Spenser.
5. The tail of an animal; -- now used only of the tail of a
dog.
{By the stern}. (Naut.) See {By the head}, under {By}.
Stern \Stern\, a.
Being in the stern, or being astern; as, the stern davits.
{Stern board} (Naut.), a going or falling astern; a loss of
way in making a tack; as, to make a stern board. See
{Board}, n., 8
(b) .
{Stern chase}. (Naut.)
(a) See under {Chase}, n.
(b) A stern chaser.
{Stern chaser} (Naut.), a cannon placed in a ship's stern,
pointing backward, and intended to annoy a ship that is in
pursuit.
{Stern fast} (Naut.), a rope used to confine the stern of a
ship or other vessel, as to a wharf or buoy.
{Stern frame} (Naut.), the framework of timber forms the
stern of a ship.
{Stern knee}. See {Sternson}.
{Stern port} (Naut.), a port, or opening, in the stern of a
ship.
{Stern sheets} (Naut.), that part of an open boat which is
between the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers, --
usually furnished with seats for passengers.
{Stern wheel}, a paddle wheel attached to the stern of the
steamboat which it propels.
Sternage \Stern"age\, n.
Stern. [R.] --Shak.
Sternal \Ster"nal\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sternum; in the region of the
sternum.
{Sternal ribs}. See the Note under {Rib}, n., 1.
Sternbergite \Stern"berg*ite\, n. [So named after Count Kaspar
Sternberg of Prague.] (Min.)
A sulphide of silver and iron, occurring in soft flexible
lamin[ae] varying in color from brown to black.
Sternebra \Ster"ne*bra\, n.; pl. {Sternebr[ae]}. [NL., fr.
sternum + -bra of vertebra.] (Anat.)
One of the segments of the sternum. -- {Ster"ne*bral}, a.
Sterned \Sterned\, a.
Having a stern of a particular shape; -- used in composition;
as, square-sterned.
Sterner \Stern"er\, n. [See 3d {Stern}.]
A director. [Obs. & R.] --Dr. R. Clerke.
Sternforemost \Stern`fore"most`\, adv.
With the stern, instead of the bow, in advance; hence,
figuratively, in an awkward, blundering manner.
A fatal genius for going sternforemost. --Lowell.
Sternite \Ster"nite\, n. [From {Sternum}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The sternum of an arthropod somite.
Sternly \Stern"ly\, adv.
In a stern manner.
Sternmost \Stern"most`\, a.
Farthest in the rear; farthest astern; as, the sternmost ship
in a convoy.
Sternness \Stern"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stern.
Sterno- \Ster"no-\
A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the sternum; as, sternocostal,
sternoscapular.
Sternocoracoid \Ster`no*cor"a*coid\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sternum and the coracoid.
Sternocostal \Ster`no*cos"tal\, a. [Sterno- + costal.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sternum and the ribs; as, the
sternocostal cartilages.
Sternohyoid \Ster`no*hy"oid\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sternum and the hyoid bone or
cartilage.
Sternomastoid \Ster`no*mas"toid\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sternum and the mastoid process.
Sternothyroid \Ster`no*thy"roid\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sternum and the thyroid cartilage.
Sternpost \Stern"post`\, n. (Naut.)
A straight piece of timber, or an iron bar or beam, erected
on the extremity of the keel to support the rudder, and
receive the ends of the planks or plates of the vessel.
Sternsman \Sterns"man\, n.
A steersman. [Obs.]
Sternson \Stern"son\, n. [See {Stern}, n., and cf. {Stemson}.]
(Naut.)
The end of a ship's keelson, to which the sternpost is
bolted; -- called also {stern knee}.
Sternum \Ster"num\, n.; pl. L. {Sterna}, E. {Sternums}. [NL.,
from Gr. ?, the breast, chest.]
1. (Anat.) A plate of cartilage, or a series of bony or
cartilaginous plates or segments, in the median line of
the pectoral skeleton of most vertebrates above fishes;
the breastbone.
Note: The sternum is connected with the ribs or the pectorial
girdle, or with both. In man it is a flat bone, broad
anteriorly, narrowed behind, and connected with the
clavicles and the cartilages of the seven anterior
pairs of ribs. In most birds it has a high median keel
for the attachment of the muscles of the wings.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The ventral part of any one of the somites of
an arthropod.
Sternutation \Ster`nu*ta"tion\, n. [L. sternutatio, fr.
sternutare to sneeze, intens. from sternuere.]
The act of sneezing. --Quincy.
Sternutative \Ster*nu"ta*tive\, a.
Having the quality of provoking to sneeze.
Sternutatory \Ster*nu"ta*to*ry\, a.
Sternutative. -- n. A sternutatory substance or medicine.
Sternway \Stern"way`\, n. (Naut.)
The movement of a ship backward, or with her stern foremost.
Stern-wheel \Stern"-wheel`\, a.
Having a paddle wheel at the stern; as, a stern-wheel
steamer.
Stern-wheeler \Stern"-wheel`er\, n.
A steamboat having a stern wheel instead of side wheels.
[Colloq. U.S.]
Sterquilinous \Ster*quil"i*nous\, a. [L. sterquilinium a dung
pit, fr. stercus dung.]
Pertaining to a dunghill; hence, mean; dirty; paltry. [Obs.]
--Howell.
Sterre \Ster"re\, n.
A star. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sterrink \Ster"rink\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The crab-eating seal ({Lobodon carcinophaga}) of the
Antarctic Ocean.
Sterrometal \Ster"ro*met`al\, n. [Gr. ? firm, solid + E. metal.]
Any alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and iron, of which cannon are
sometimes made.
Stert \Stert\, obs. p. p. of {Start}.
Started. --Chaucer.
Sterte \Ster"te\, obs.
p. p. of {Start}. --Chaucer.
Stertorious \Ster*to"ri*ous\, a.
Stertorous. [R.]
Stertorous \Ster"to*rous\, a. [L. stertere to snore: cf. F.
stertoreux.]
Characterized by a deep snoring, which accompaines
inspiration in some diseases, especially apoplexy; hence,
hoarsely breathing; snoring.
Burning, stertorous breath that hurt her cheek. --Mrs.
Browning.
The day has ebbed away, and it is night in his room,
before his stertorous breathing lulls. --Dickens.
Sterve \Sterve\, v. t. & i.
To die, or cause to die; to perish. See {Starve}. [Obs.]
--Chaucer. Spenser.
Stet \Stet\, L., subj. 3d pers. sing. of stare to stand, remain.
[See {Stand}.] (Print.)
Let it stand; -- a word used by proof readers to signify that
something once erased, or marked for omission, is to remain.
Stet \Stet\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stetted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stetting}.] (Print.)
To cause or direct to remain after having been marked for
omission; to mark with the word stet, or with a series of
dots below or beside the matter; as, the proof reader stetted
a deled footnote.
Stethal \Steth"al\, n. [Stearic + ethal.] (Chem.)
One of the higher alcohols of the methane series, homologous
with ethal, and found in small quantities as an ethereal salt
of stearic acid in spermaceti.
Stethograph \Steth"o*graph\, n. [Gr. ? the breast + -graph.]
(Physiol.)
See {Pneumatograph}.
Stethometer \Ste*thom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? chest + -meter.]
(Physiol.)
An apparatus for measuring the external movements of a given
point of the chest wall, during respiration; -- also called
{thoracometer}.
Stethoscope \Steth"o*scope\, n. [Gr. ? the breast + -scope: cf.
F. st['e]thoscope.] (Med.)
An instrument used in auscultation for examining the organs
of the chest, as the heart and lungs, by conveying to the ear
of the examiner the sounds produced in the thorax.
Stethoscope \Steth"o*scope\, v. t.
To auscultate, or examine, with a stethoscope. --M. W.
Savage.
Stethoscopic \Steth`o*scop"ic\, Stethoscopical
\Steth`o*scop"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. st['e]thoscopique.]
Of or pertaining to a stethoscope; obtained or made by means
of a stethoscope. -- {Steth`o*scop"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Stethoscopist \Ste*thos"co*pist\, n.
One skilled in the use of the stethoscope.
Stethoscopy \Ste*thos"co*py\, n.
The art or process of examination by the stethoscope.
Steve \Steve\, v. t. [See {Stevedore}.]
To pack or stow, as cargo in a ship's hold. See {Steeve}.
Stevedore \Ste"ve*dore`\, n. [Sp. estivador a packer, a stower,
fr. estivar to pack, to stow, L. stipare to press, compress,
probably akin to E. stiff. See {Stiff}, {Stive} to stuff.]
One whose occupation is to load and unload vessels in port;
one who stows a cargo in a hold.
Steven \Ste"ven\, n. [AS. stefn, stemn, voice; akin to D. stem,
G. stimme, Goth. stibna.]
1. Voice; speech; language. [Obs. or Scot.]
Ye have as merry a steven As any angel hath that is
in heaven. --Chaucer.
2. An outcry; a loud call; a clamor. [Obs.] --Spenser.
{To set steven}, to make an appointment. [Obs.]
They setten steven for to meet To playen at the
dice. --Chaucer.
Stew \Stew\, n. [Cf. {Stow}.]
1. A small pond or pool where fish are kept for the table; a
vivarium. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Chaucer. Evelyn.
2. An artificial bed of oysters. [Local, U.S.]
Stew \Stew\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stewed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stewing}.] [OE. stuven, OF. estuver, F. ['e]tuver, fr. OF.
estuve, F. ['e]tuve, a sweating house, a room heated for a
bath; probably of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stove. See
{Stove}, and cf. {Stive} to stew.]
To boil slowly, or with the simmering or moderate heat; to
seethe; to cook in a little liquid, over a gentle fire,
without boiling; as, to stew meat; to stew oysters; to stew
apples.
Stew \Stew\, v. i.
To be seethed or cooked in a slow, gentle manner, or in heat
and moisture.
Stew \Stew\, n. [OE. stue, stuwe, OF. estuve. See {Stew}, v. t.]
1. A place of stewing or seething; a place where hot bathes
are furnished; a hothouse. [Obs.]
As burning [AE]tna from his boiling stew Doth belch
out flames. --Spenser.
The Lydians were inhibited by Cyrus to use any
armor, and give themselves to baths and stews.
--Abp. Abbot.
2. A brothel; -- usually in the plural. --Bacon. South.
There be that hate harlots, and never were at the
stews. --Aschman.
3. A prostitute. [Obs.] --Sir A. Weldon.
4. A dish prepared by stewing; as, a stewof pigeons.
5. A state of agitating excitement; a state of worry;
confusion; as, to be in a stew. [Colloq.]
Steward \Stew"ard\, n. [OE. stiward, AS. st[=i]weard, stigweard,
literally, a sty ward; stigu sty + weard warden, guardian, --
his first duty having been probably to attend to the domestic
animals. [root]164. See {Sty} pen for swine, {Ward}.]
1. A man employed in a large family, or on a large estate, to
manage the domestic concerns, supervise other servants,
collect the rents or income, keep accounts, and the like.
Worthy to be stewards of rent and land. --Chaucer.
They came near to the steward of Joseph's house.
--Gen. xliii.
19.
As good stewards of the manifold grace of God. --1
Pet. iv. 10.
2. A person employed in a hotel, or a club, or on board a
ship, to provide for the table, superintend the culinary
affairs, etc. In naval vessels, the captain's steward,
wardroom steward, steerage steward, warrant officers
steward, etc., are petty officers who provide for the
messes under their charge.
3. A fiscal agent of certain bodies; as, a steward in a
Methodist church.
4. In some colleges, an officer who provides food for the
students and superintends the kitchen; also, an officer
who attends to the accounts of the students.
5. In Scotland, a magistrate appointed by the crown to
exercise jurisdiction over royal lands. --Erskine.
{Lord high steward}, formerly, the first officer of the
crown; afterward, an officer occasionally appointed, as
for a coronation, or upon the trial of a peer. [Eng.]
Steward \Stew"ard\, v. t.
To manage as a steward. [Obs.]
Stewardess \Stew"ard*ess\, n.
A female steward; specifically, a woman employed in passenger
vessels to attend to the wants of female passengers.
Stewardly \Stew"ard*ly\, adv.
In a manner, or with the care, of a steward. [R.]
To be stewardly dispensed, not wastefully spent.
--Tooker.
Stewardship \Stew"ard*ship\, n.
The office of a steward. --Shak.
Stewartry \Stew"art*ry\, n.
1. An overseer or superintendent. [R.] ``The stewartry of
provisions.'' --Tooke.
2. The office of a steward; stewardship. [R.] --Byron.
3. In Scotland, the jurisdiction of a steward; also, the
lands under such jurisdiction.
Stewish \Stew"ish\, a.
Suiting a stew, or brothel. --Bp. Hall.
Stewpan \Stew"pan`\, n.
A pan used for stewing.
Stewpot \Stew"pot`\, n.
A pot used for stewing.
Stey \Stey\, n.
See {Stee}.
Sthenic \Sthen"ic\, a. [Gr. ? strength: cf. F. sth['e]nique.]
(Med.)
Strong; active; -- said especially of morbid states attended
with excessive action of the heart and blood vessels, and
characterized by strength and activity of the muscular and
nervous system; as, a sthenic fever.
{Sthenic theory}. See {Stimulism}
(a) .
Stiacciato \Sti*ac*cia"to\, n. [It., crushed, flattened.]
(Sculp.)
The lowest relief, -- often used in Italian sculpture of the
15th and 16th centuries.
Stian \Sti"an\, n.
A sty on the eye. See {Styan}.
Stibborn \Stib"born\, a.
Stubborn. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Stibial \Stib"i*al\, a. [See {Stibium}.]
Like, or having the qualities of, antimony; antimonial.
Stibialism \Stib"i*al*ism\, n. (Med.)
Antimonial intoxication or poisoning. --Dunglison.
Stibiated \Stib"i*a`ted\, a. [NL. stibiatus, from L. stibium
antimony.] (Med. Chem.)
Combined or impregnated with antimony (stibium).
{Stibiated tartar}. See {Tartar emetic}, under {Tartar}.
Stibic \Stib"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Antimonic; -- used with reference to certain compounds of
antimony.
Stibiconite \Stib"i*co*nite\, n. (Min.)
A native oxide of antimony occurring in masses of a yellow
color.
Stibine \Stib"ine\, n. (Chem.)
Antimony hydride, or hydrogen antimonide, a colorless gas
produced by the action of nascent hydrogen on antimony. It
has a characteristic odor and burns with a characteristic
greenish flame. Formerly called also {antimoniureted
hydrogen}.
Stibious \Stib"i*ous\, a. (Chem.)
Antimonious. [R.]
Stibium \Stib"i*um\, n. [L. stibium, stibi, Gr. ?, ?.]
1. (Chem.) The technical name of antimony.
2. (Min.) Stibnite. [Obs.]
Stibnite \Stib"nite\, n. (Min.)
A mineral of a lead-gray color and brilliant metallic luster,
occurring in prismatic crystals; sulphide of antimony; --
called also {antimony glance}, and {gray antimony}.
Stibonium \Sti*bo"ni*um\, n. (Chem.)
The hypothetical radical {SbH4}, analogous to ammonium; --
called also {antimonium}.
Sticcado \Stic*ca"do\, n. [Cf. It. steccato a palisade.] (Mus.)
An instrument consisting of small bars of wood, flat at the
bottom and rounded at the top, and resting on the edges of a
kind of open box. They are unequal in size, gradually
increasing from the smallest to the largest, and are tuned to
the diatonic scale. The tones are produced by striking the
pieces of wood with hard balls attached to flexible sticks.
Stich \Stich\, n. [Gr. sti`chos a row, line, akin to to go,
march, E. sty, v.i.]
1. A verse, of whatever measure or number of feet.
2. A line in the Scriptures; specifically (Hebrew
Scriptures), one of the rhythmic lines in the poetical
books and passages of the Old Treatment, as written in the
oldest Hebrew manuscripts and in the Revised Version of
the English Bible.
3. A row, line, or rank of trees.
Stichic \Stich"ic\, a. [Gr. stichiko`s.]
Of or pertaining to stichs, or lines; consisting of stichs,
or lines. [R.]
Stichidium \Sti*chid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Stichida}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?,
dim. of ? a row.] (Bot.)
A special podlike or fusiform branch containing tetraspores.
It is found in certain red alg[ae].
Stichomancy \Stich"o*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ? a line + -mancy.]
Divination by lines, or passages of books, taken at hazard.
Stichometrical \Stich`o*met"ric*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to stichometry; characterized by stichs, or
lines.
Stichometry \Stich*om"e*try\, n. [Gr. ? a line + -metry.]
1. Measurement of books by the number of lines which they
contain.
2. Division of the text of a book into lines; especially, the
division of the text of books into lines accommodated to
the sense, -- a method of writing manuscripts used before
punctuation was adopted.
Stichwort \Stich"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A kind of chickweed ({Stellaria Holostea}). [Written also
{stitchwort}.]
Stick \Stick\, n. [OE. sticke, AS. sticca; akin to stician to
stab, prick, pierce, G. stecken a stick, staff, OHG. steccho,
Icel. stik a stick. See {Stick}, v. t..]
1. A small shoot, or branch, separated, as by a cutting, from
a tree or shrub; also, any stem or branch of a tree, of
any size, cut for fuel or timber.
Withered sticks to gather, which might serve Against
a winter's day. --Milton.
2. Any long and comparatively slender piece of wood, whether
in natural form or shaped with tools; a rod; a wand; a
staff; as, the stick of a rocket; a walking stick.
3. Anything shaped like a stick; as, a stick of wax.
4. A derogatory expression for a person; one who is inert or
stupid; as, an odd stick; a poor stick. [Colloq.]
5. (Print.) A composing stick. See under {Composing}. It is
usually a frame of metal, but for posters, handbills,
etc., one made of wood is used.
6. A thrust with a pointed instrument; a stab.
{A stick of eels}, twenty-five eels. [Prov. Eng.]
{Stick chimney}, a chimney made of sticks laid crosswise, and
cemented with clay or mud, as in some log houses. [U.S.]
{Stick insect}, (Zo["o]l.), any one of various species of
wingless orthopterous insects of the family {Phasmid[ae]},
which have a long round body, resembling a stick in form
and color, and long legs, which are often held rigidly in
such positions as to make them resemble small twigs. They
thus imitate the branches and twigs of the trees on which
they live. The common American species is {Diapheromera
femorata}. Some of the Asiatic species are more than a
foot long.
{To cut one's stick}, or {To cut stick}, to run away. [Slang]
--De Quincey.
Stick \Stick\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stuck}(Obs. {Sticked}); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sticking}.] [OE. stikien, v.t. & i., combined
with steken, whence E. stuck), AS. stician, v.t. & i., and
(assumed) stecan, v.t.; akin to OFries. steka, OS. stekan,
OHG. stehhan, G. stechen, and to Gr. ? to prick, Skr. tij to
be sharp. Cf. {Distinguish}, {Etiquette}, {Extinct},
{Instigate}, {Instinct}, {Prestige}, {Stake}, {Steak},
{Stick}, n., {Stigma}, {Stimulate}, {Sting}, {Stitch} in
sewing, {Style} for or in writing.]
1. To penetrate with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to
stab; hence, to kill by piercing; as, to stick a beast.
And sticked him with bodkins anon. --Chaucer.
It was a shame . . . to stick him under the other
gentleman's arm while he was redding the fray. --Sir
W. Scott.
2. To cause to penetrate; to push, thrust, or drive, so as to
pierce; as, to stick a needle into one's finger.
Thou stickest a dagger in me. --Shak.
3. To fasten, attach, or cause to remain, by thrusting in;
hence, also, to adorn or deck with things fastened on as
by piercing; as, to stick a pin on the sleeve.
My shroud of white, stuck all with yew. --Shak.
The points of spears are stuck within the shield.
--Dryden.
4. To set; to fix in; as, to stick card teeth.
5. To set with something pointed; as, to stick cards.
6. To fix on a pointed instrument; to impale; as, to stick an
apple on a fork.
7. To attach by causing to adhere to the surface; as, to
stick on a plaster; to stick a stamp on an envelope; also,
to attach in any manner.
8. (Print.) To compose; to set, or arrange, in a composing
stick; as, to stick type. [Cant]
9. (Joinery) To run or plane (moldings) in a machine, in
contradistinction to working them by hand. Such moldings
are said to be stuck.
10. To cause to stick; to bring to a stand; to pose; to
puzzle; as, to stick one with a hard problem. [Colloq.]
11. To impose upon; to compel to pay; sometimes, to cheat.
[Slang]
{To stick out}, to cause to project or protrude; to render
prominent.
Stick \Stick\, v. i.
1. To adhere; as, glue sticks to the fingers; paste sticks to
the wall.
The green caterpillar breedeth in the inward parts
of roses not blown, where the dew sticketh. --Bacon.
2. To remain where placed; to be fixed; to hold fast to any
position so as to be moved with difficulty; to cling; to
abide; to cleave; to be united closely.
A friend that sticketh closer than a brother.
--Prov. xviii.
24.
I am a kind of bur; I shall stick. --Shak.
If on your fame our sex a bolt has thrown, 'T will
ever stick through malice of your own. --Young.
3. To be prevented from going farther; to stop by reason of
some obstacle; to be stayed.
I had most need of blessing, and ``Amen'' Stuck in
my throat. --Shak.
The trembling weapon passed Through nine bull hides,
. . . and stuck within the last. --Dryden.
4. To be embarrassed or puzzled; to hesitate; to be deterred,
as by scruples; to scruple; -- often with at.
They will stick long at part of a demonstration for
want of perceiving the connection of two ideas.
--Locke.
Some stick not to say, that the parson and attorney
forged a will. --Arbuthnot.
5. To cause difficulties, scruples, or hesitation.
This is the difficulty that sticks with the most
reasonable. --Swift.
{To stick by}.
(a) To adhere closely to; to be firm in supporting. ``We
are your only friends; stick by us, and we will stick
by you.'' --Davenant.
(b) To be troublesome by adhering. ``I am satisfied to
trifle away my time, rather than let it stick by me.''
--Pope.
{To stick out}.
(a) To project; to be prominent. ``His bones that were not
seen stick out.'' --Job xxxiii. 21.
(b) To persevere in a purpose; to hold out; as, the
garrison stuck out until relieved. [Colloq.]
{To stick to}, to be persevering in holding to; as, to stick
to a party or cause. ``The advantage will be on our side
if we stick to its essentials.'' --Addison.
{To stick up}, to stand erect; as, his hair sticks up.
{To stick up for}, to assert and defend; as, to stick up for
one's rights or for a friend. [Colloq.]
{To stick upon}, to dwell upon; not to forsake. ``If the
matter be knotty, the mind must stop and buckle to it, and
stick upon it with labor and thought.'' --Locke.
Sticked \Stick"ed\, obs. imp. of {Stick}.
Stuck.
And in the sand her ship sticked so fast. --Chaucer.
They sticked not to give their bodies to be burnt.
--Sir T.
Browne.
Sticker \Stick"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, sticks; as, a bill sticker.
2. That which causes one to stick; that which puzzles or
poses. [Colloq.] --Tackeray.
3. (Mus.) In the organ, a small wooden rod which connects (in
part) a key and a pallet, so as to communicate motion by
pushing.
4. Same as {Paster}, 2. [Political Cant, U.S.]
Stickful \Stick"ful\, n.; pl. {Stickfuls}. (Print.)
As much set type as fills a composing stick.
Stickiness \Stick"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being sticky; as, the stickiness of glue or
paste.
Sticking \Stick"ing\,
a. & n. from {Stick}, v.
{Sticking piece}, a piece of beef cut from the neck. [Eng.]
{Sticking place}, the place where a thing sticks, or remains
fast; sticking point.
But screw your courage to the sticking place, And
we'll not fail. --Shak.
{Sticking plaster}, an adhesive plaster for closing wounds,
and for similar uses.
{Sticking point}. Same as {Sticking place}, above.
Stickit \Stick"it\, a.
Stuck; spoiled in making. [Scot.]
{Stickit minister}, a candidate for the clerical office who
fails, disqualified by incompetency or immorality.
Stick-lac \Stick"-lac`\, n.
See the Note under {Lac}.
Stickle \Stic"kle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Stickled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Stickling}.] [Probably fr. OE. stightlen, sti?tlen, to
dispose, arrange, govern, freq. of stihten, AS. stihtan: cf.
G. stiften to found, to establish.]
1. To separate combatants by intervening. [Obs.]
When he [the angel] sees half of the Christians
killed, and the rest in a fair way of being routed,
he stickles betwixt the remainder of God's host and
the race of fiends. --Dryden.
2. To contend, contest, or altercate, esp. in a pertinacious
manner on insufficient grounds.
Fortune, as she 's wont, turned fickle, And for the
foe began to stickle. --Hudibras.
While for paltry punk they roar and stickle.
--Dryden.
The obstinacy with which he stickles for the wrong.
--Hazlitt.
3. To play fast and loose; to pass from one side to the
other; to trim.
Stickle \Stic"kle\, v. t.
1. To separate, as combatants; hence, to quiet, to appease,
as disputants. [Obs.]
Which [question] violently they pursue, Nor stickled
would they be. --Drayton.
2. To intervene in; to stop, or put an end to, by
intervening; hence, to arbitrate. [Obs.]
They ran to him, and, pulling him back by force,
stickled that unnatural fray. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Stickle \Stic"kle\, n. [Cf. {stick}, v. t. & i.]
A shallow rapid in a river; also, the current below a
waterfall. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Patient anglers, standing all the day Near to some
shallow stickle or deep bay. --W. Browne.
Stickleback \Stic"kle*back`\, n. [OE. & Prov E. stickle a
prickle, spine, sting (AS. sticel) + back. See {Stick}, v.
t., and cf. {Banstickle}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of small fishes of the genus
{Gasterosteus} and allied genera. The back is armed with two
or more sharp spines. They inhabit both salt and brackish
water, and construct curious nests. Called also {sticklebag},
{sharpling}, and {prickleback}.
Stickler \Stic"kler\ (st[i^]k"kl[~e]r), n. [See {Stickle}, v.
t.]
One who stickles. Specifically:
(a) One who arbitrates a duel; a sidesman to a fencer; a
second; an umpire. [Obs.]
Basilius, the judge, appointed sticklers and
trumpets whom the others should obey. --Sir P.
Sidney.
Our former chiefs, like sticklers of the war, First
sought to inflame the parties, then to poise.
--Dryden.
(b) One who pertinaciously contends for some trifling things,
as a point of etiquette; an unreasonable, obstinate
contender; as, a stickler for ceremony.
The Tory or High-church were the greatest sticklers
against the exorbitant proceedings of King James
II. --Swift.
Stick-seed \Stick"-seed`\, n. (Bot.)
A plant ({Echinospermum Lappula}) of the Borage family, with
small blue flowers and prickly nutlets.
Sticktail \Stick"tail`\, n.
The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]
Stick-tight \Stick"-tight`\, n. (Bot.)
Beggar's ticks.
Sticky \Stick"y\, a. [Compar. {Stickier}; superl. {Stickiest}.]
Having the quality of sticking to a surface; adhesive; gluey;
viscous; viscid; glutinous; tenacious.
Herbs which last longest are those of strong smell, and
with a sticky stalk. --Bacon.
Stiddy \Stid"dy\, n. [See {Stithy}.]
An anvil; also, a smith shop. See {Stithy}. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Stiff \Stiff\, a. [Compar. {Stiffer}; superl. {Stiffest}.] [OE.
stif, AS. st[=i]f; akin to D. stijf, G. steif, Dan. stiv, Sw.
styf, Icel. st[=i]fr, Lith. stipti to be stiff; cf. L. stipes
a post, trunk of a tree, stipare to press, compress. Cf.
{Costive}, {Stifle}, {Stipulate}, {Stive} to stuff.]
1. Not easily bent; not flexible or pliant; not limber or
flaccid; rigid; firm; as, stiff wood, paper, joints.
[They] rising on stiff pennons, tower The mid
a["e]rial sky. --Milton.
2. Not liquid or fluid; thick and tenacious; inspissated;
neither soft nor hard; as, the paste is stiff.
3. Firm; strong; violent; difficult to oppose; as, a stiff
gale or breeze.
4. Not easily subdued; unyielding; stubborn; obstinate;
pertinacious; as, a stiff adversary.
It is a shame to stand stiff in a foolish argument.
--Jer. Taylor.
A war ensues: the Cretans own their cause, Stiff to
defend their hospitable laws. --Dryden.
5. Not natural and easy; formal; constrained; affected;
starched; as, stiff behavior; a stiff style.
The French are open, familiar, and talkative; the
Italians stiff, ceremonious, and reserved.
--Addison.
6. Harsh; disagreeable; severe; hard to bear. [Obs. or
Colloq.] ``This is stiff news.'' --Shak.
7. (Naut.) Bearing a press of canvas without careening much;
as, a stiff vessel; -- opposed to {crank}. --Totten.
8. Very large, strong, or costly; powerful; as, a stiff
charge; a stiff price. [Slang]
{Stiff neck}, a condition of the neck such that the head can
not be moved without difficulty and pain.
Syn: Rigid; inflexible; strong; hardly; stubborn; obstinate;
pertinacious; harsh; formal; constrained; affected;
starched; rigorous.
Stiff-backed \Stiff"-backed`\, a.
Obstinate. --J. H. Newman.
Stiffen \Stiff"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stiffened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Stiffening}.] [See {Stiff}.]
1. To make stiff; to make less pliant or flexible; as, to
stiffen cloth with starch.
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. --Shak.
2. To inspissate; to make more thick or viscous; as, to
stiffen paste.
3. To make torpid; to benumb.
Stiffen \Stiff"en\, v. i.
To become stiff or stiffer, in any sense of the adjective.
Like bristles rose my stiffening hair. --Dryden.
The tender soil then stiffening by degrees. --Dryden.
Some souls we see, Grow hard and stiffen with
adversity. --Dryden.
Stiffener \Stiff"en*er\, n.
One who, or that which, stiffens anything, as a piece of
stiff cloth in a cravat.
Stiffening \Stiff"en*ing\, n.
1. Act or process of making stiff.
2. Something used to make anything stiff.
{Stiffening order} (Com.), a permission granted by the
customs department to take cargo or ballast on board
before the old cargo is out, in order to steady the ship.
Stiff-hearted \Stiff"-heart`ed\, a. [Stiff + heart.]
Obstinate; stubborn; contumacious. --Ezek. ii. 4.
Stiffish \Stiff"ish\, a.
Somewhat stiff.
Stiffly \Stiff"ly\, adv.
In a stiff manner.
Stiff-necked \Stiff"-necked`\, a.
Stubborn; inflexibly obstinate; contumacious; as,
stiff-necked pride; a stiff-necked people. --Ex. xxxii. 9.
Stiff-neckedness \Stiff"-neck`ed*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stiff-necked; stubbornness.
Stiffness \Stiff"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stiff; as, the stiffness of
cloth or of paste; stiffness of manner; stiffness of
character.
The vices of old age have the stiffness of it too.
--South.
Stifftail \Stiff"tail`\, n.
The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]
Stiff-tailed \Stiff"-tailed`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the quill feathers of the tail somewhat rigid.
Stifle \Sti"fle\, n. [From {Stiff}.] (Far.)
The joint next above the hock, and near the flank, in the
hind leg of the horse and allied animals; the joint
corresponding to the knee in man; -- called also {stifle
joint}. See Illust. under {Horse}.
{Stifle bone}, a small bone at the stifle joint; the patella,
or kneepan.
Stifle \Sti"fle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stifled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stifling}.] [Freq. of OE. stif stiff; cf. Icel. st[=i]fla to
dam up.]
1. To stop the breath of by crowding something into the
windpipe, or introducing an irrespirable substance into
the lungs; to choke; to suffocate; to cause the death of
by such means; as, to stifle one with smoke or dust.
Stifled with kisses, a sweet death he dies.
--Dryden.
I took my leave, being half stifled with the
closeness of the room. --Swift.
2. To stop; to extinguish; to deaden; to quench; as, to
stifle the breath; to stifle a fire or flame.
Bodies . . . stifle in themselves the rays which
they do not reflect or transmit. --Sir I.
Newton.
3. To suppress the manifestation or report of; to smother; to
conceal from public knowledge; as, to stifle a story; to
stifle passion.
I desire only to have things fairly represented as
they really are; no evidence smothered or stifled.
--Waterland.
Stifle \Sti"fle\, v. i.
To die by reason of obstruction of the breath, or because
some noxious substance prevents respiration.
You shall stifle in your own report. --Shak.
Stifled \Sti"fled\, a.
Stifling.
The close and stifled study. --Hawthorne.
Stifler \Sti"fler\, n.
1. One who, or that which, stifles.
2. (Mil.) See {Camouflet}.
Stigma \Stig"ma\, n.; pl. E. {Stigmas}, L. {Stigmata}. [L., a
mark, a brand, from Gr. ?, ?, the prick or mark of a pointed
instrument, a spot, mark, from ? to prick, to brand. See
{Stick}, v. t.]
1. A mark made with a burning iron; a brand.
2. Any mark of infamy or disgrace; sign of moral blemish;
stain or reproach caused by dishonorable conduct;
reproachful characterization.
The blackest stigma that can be fastened upon him.
--Bp. Hall.
All such slaughters were from thence called
Bartelmies, simply in a perpetual stigma of that
butchery. --Sir G. Buck.
3. (Bot.) That part of a pistil which has no epidermis, and
is fitted to receive the pollen. It is usually the
terminal portion, and is commonly somewhat glutinous or
viscid. See Illust. of {Stamen} and of {Flower}.
4. (Anat.) A small spot, mark, scar, or a minute hole; --
applied especially to a spot on the outer surface of a
Graafian follicle, and to spots of intercellular substance
in scaly epithelium, or to minute holes in such spots.
5. (Pathol.) A red speck upon the skin, produced either by
the extravasation of blood, as in the bloody sweat
characteristic of certain varieties of religious ecstasy,
or by capillary congestion, as in the case of drunkards.
6. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the external openings of the trache[ae] of
insects, myriapods, and other arthropods; a spiracle.
(b) One of the apertures of the pulmonary sacs of
arachnids. See Illust. of {Scorpion}.
(c) One of the apertures of the gill of an ascidian, and
of Amphioxus.
7. (Geom.) A point so connected by any law whatever with
another point, called an index, that as the index moves in
any manner in a plane the first point or stigma moves in a
determinate way in the same plane.
8. pl. (R. C. Ch.) Marks believed to have been supernaturally
impressed upon the bodies of certain persons in imitation
of the wounds on the crucified body of Christ. See def. 5,
above.
Stigmaria \Stig*ma"ri*a\, n. [NL. See {Stigma}.] (Paleon.)
The fossil root stem of a coal plant of the genus
{Sigillaria}.
Stigmata \Stig"ma*ta\, n.;
pl. of {Stigma}.
Stigmatic \Stig*mat"ic\, n.
1. A notorious profligate or criminal who has been branded;
one who bears the marks of infamy or punishment. [R.]
--Bullokar.
2. A person who is marked or deformed by nature. --Shak.
Stigmatic \Stig*mat"ic\, Stigmatical \Stig*mat"ic*al\, a. [See
{Stigma}.]
1. Marked with a stigma, or with something reproachful to
character.
2. Impressing with infamy or reproach. [R.]
3. (Bot., Anat., etc) Of or pertaining to a stigma or
stigmata.
{Stigmatic geometry}, or {Stigmatics}, that science in which
the correspondence of index and stigma (see {Stigma}, 7)
is made use of to establish geometrical proportions.
Stigmatically \Stig*mat"ic*al*ly\, adv.
With a stigma, or mark of infamy or deformity.
Stigmatist \Stig"ma*tist\, n.
One believed to be supernaturally impressed with the marks of
Christ's wounds. See {Stigma}, 8.
Stigmatization \Stig`ma*ti*za"tion\, n.
1. The act of stigmatizing.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The production of stigmata upon the body. See
{Stigma}, 8.
Stigmatize \Stig"ma*tize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stigmatized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Stigmatizing}.] [F. stigmatiser, Gr. ?.]
1. To mark with a stigma, or brand; as, the ancients
stigmatized their slaves and soldiers.
That . . . hold out both their ears with such
delight and ravishment, to be stigmatized and bored
through in witness of their own voluntary and
beloved baseness. --Milton.
2. To set a mark of disgrace on; to brand with some mark of
reproach or infamy.
To find virtue extolled and vice stigmatized.
--Addison.
Stigmatose \Stig"ma*tose`\, a. (Bot.)
Same as {Stigmatic}.
Stigonomancy \Stig"o*no*man`cy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, one who is
marked, or one who marks (? to mark with a pointed
instrument, to prick) + -mancy.]
Divination by writing on the bark of a tree.
Stike \Stike\, n. [See {Stich}.]
Stanza. [Obs.] --Sackville.
Stilar \Sti"lar\, a. [From {Stile} a style.]
Of or pertaining to the style of a dial. [Written also
{stylar}.]
Stilbene \Stil"bene\, n. [See {Stilbite}.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon, {C14H12}, produced artificially in large, fine
crystals; -- called also {diphenyl ethylene}, {toluylene},
etc.
Stilbite \Stil"bite\, n. [Gr. ? to glitter, shine: cf. F.
stilbite.] (Min.)
A common mineral of the zeolite family, a hydrous silicate of
alumina and lime, usually occurring in sheaflike aggregations
of crystals, also in radiated masses. It is of a white or
yellowish color, with pearly luster on the cleavage surface.
Called also {desmine}.
Stile \Stile\, n. [See {Style}.]
1. A pin set on the face of a dial, to cast a shadow; a
style. See {Style}. --Moxon.
2. Mode of composition. See {Style}. [Obs.]
May I not write in such a stile as this? --Bunyan.
Stile \Stile\, n. [OE. stile, AS. stigel a step, a ladder, from
st[=i]gan to ascend; akin to OHG. stigila a stile. [root]164.
See {Sty}, v. i., and cf. {Stair}.]
1. A step, or set of steps, for ascending and descending, in
passing a fence or wall.
There comes my master . . . over the stile, this
way. --Shak.
Over this stile in the way to Doubting Castle.
--Bunyan.
2. (Arch.) One of the upright pieces in a frame; one of the
primary members of a frame, into which the secondary
members are mortised.
Note: In an ordinary door the principal upright pieces are
called stiles, the subordinate upright pieces mullions,
and the crosspieces rails. In wainscoting the principal
pieces are sometimes called stiles, even when
horizontal.
{Hanging stile}, {Pulley stile}. See under {Hanging}, and
{Pulley}.
Stilet \Sti"let\, n. [Written also stilette, and stylet.]
1. A stiletto. [R.]
2. (Surg.) See {Stylet}, 2.
Stiletto \Sti*let"to\, n.; pl. {Stilettos}. [It., dim. of stilo
a dagger, fr. L. stilus a pointed instrument. See {Style} for
writing, and cf. {Stylet}.]
1. A kind of dagger with a slender, rounded, and pointed
blade.
2. A pointed instrument for making eyelet holes in
embroidery.
3. A beard trimmed into a pointed form. [Obs.]
The very quack of fashions, the very he that Wears a
stiletto on his chin. --Ford.
Stiletto \Sti*let"to\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stilettoed}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Stilettoing}.]
To stab or kill with a stiletto. --Bacon.
Still \Still\, a. [Compar. {Stiller}; superl. {Stillest}.] [OE.
stille, AS. stille; akin to D. stil, OS. & OHG. stilli, G.
still, Dan. stille, Sw. stilla, and to E. stall; from the
idea of coming to a stand, or halt. Cf. {Still}, adv.]
1. Motionless; at rest; quiet; as, to stand still; to lie or
sit still. ``Still as any stone.'' --Chaucer.
2. Uttering no sound; silent; as, the audience is still; the
animals are still.
The sea that roared at thy command, At thy command
was still. --Addison.
3. Not disturbed by noise or agitation; quiet; calm; as, a
still evening; a still atmosphere. ``When all the woods
are still.'' --Milton.
4. Comparatively quiet or silent; soft; gentle; low. ``A
still small voice.'' --1 Kings xix. 12.
5. Constant; continual. [Obs.]
By still practice learn to know thy meaning. --Shak.
6. Not effervescing; not sparkling; as, still wines.
{Still life}. (Fine Arts)
(a) Inanimate objects.
(b) (Painting) The class or style of painting which
represents inanimate objects, as fruit, flowers, dead
game, etc.
Syn: Quiet; calm; noiseless; serene; motionless; inert;
stagnant.
Still \Still\, n. [Cf. G. stille.]
1. Freedom from noise; calm; silence; as, the still of
midnight. [Poetic]
2. A steep hill or ascent. [Obs.] --W. Browne.
Still \Still\, adv. [AS. stille quietly. See {Still}, a. The
modern senses come from the idea of stopping and staying
still, or motionless.]
1. To this time; until and during the time now present; now
no less than before; yet.
It hath been anciently reported, and is still
received. --Bacon.
2. In the future as now and before.
Hourly joys be still upon you! --Shak.
3. In continuation by successive or repeated acts; always;
ever; constantly; uniformly.
The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into
indecencies that lessen his reputation; he is still
afraid lest any of his actions should be thrown away
in private. --Addison.
Chemists would be rich if they could still do in
great quantities what they have sometimes done in
little. --Boyle.
4. In an increasing or additional degree; even more; -- much
used with comparatives.
The guilt being great, the fear doth still exceed.
--Shak.
5. Notwithstanding what has been said or done; in spite of
what has occured; nevertheless; -- sometimes used as a
conjunction. See Synonym of {But}.
As sunshine, broken in the rill, Though turned
astray, is sunshine still. --Moore.
6. After that; after what is stated.
In the primitive church, such as by fear being
compelled to sacrifice to strange gods, after
repented, and kept still the office of preaching the
gospel. --Whitgift.
{Still and anon}, at intervals and repeatedly; continually;
ever and anon; now and then.
And like the watchful minutes to the hour, Still and
anon cheered up the heavy time. --Shak.
Still \Still\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stilled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stilling}.] [AS. stillan, from stille still, quiet, firm.
See {Still}, a.]
1. To stop, as motion or agitation; to cause to become quiet,
or comparatively quiet; to check the agitation of; as, to
still the raging sea.
He having a full sway over the water, had power to
still and compose it, as well as to move and disturb
it. --Woodward.
2. To stop, as noise; to silence.
With his name the mothers still their babies.
--Shak.
3. To appease; to calm; to quiet, as tumult, agitation, or
excitement; as, to still the passions. --Shak.
Toil that would, at least, have stilled an unquiet
impulse in me. --Hawthorne.
Syn: To quiet; calm; allay; lull; pacify; appease; subdue;
suppress; silence; stop; check; restrain.
Still \Still\, n. [Cf. OE. stillatorie. See {Still}, v., to
distill.]
1. A vessel, boiler, or copper used in the distillation of
liquids; specifically, one used for the distillation of
alcoholic liquors; a retort. The name is sometimes applied
to the whole apparatus used in in vaporization and
condensation.
2. A house where liquors are distilled; a distillery.
{Still watcher}, a device for indicating the progress of
distillation by the density of the liquid given over.
--Knight.
Still \Still\, v. t. [Abbreviated fr. distill.]
1. To cause to fall by drops.
2. To expel spirit from by heat, or to evaporate and condense
in a refrigeratory; to distill. --Tusser.
Still \Still\, v. i. [L. stillare. Cf. {Distill}.]
To drop, or flow in drops; to distill. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Stillage \Stil"lage\, n. (Bleaching)
A low stool to keep the goods from touching the floor.
--Knight.
Stillatitious \Stil`la*ti"tious\, a. [L. stillaticius, fr.
stillare to drop, stilla a drop.]
Falling in drops; drawn by a still.
Stillatory \Stil"la*to*ry\, n.; pl. {-ries}. [From {Still}, for
distill. Cf. {Still}, n., and {Distillatory}, a.]
1. An alembic; a vessel for distillation. [R.] --Bacon.
2. A laboratory; a place or room in which distillation is
performed. [R.] --Dr. H. More. --Sir H. Wotton.
Stillbirth \Still"birth`\, n.
The birth of a dead fetus.
Stillborn \Still"born`\, a.
1. Dead at the birth; as, a stillborn child.
2. Fig.: Abortive; as, a stillborn poem. --Swift.
Still-burn \Still"-burn`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {still-burnt}or
{Still-burned}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Still-burning}.]
To burn in the process of distillation; as, to still-burn
brandy.
Still-closing \Still"-clos"ing\, a.
Ever closing. [Obs.] ``Still-clothing waters.'' --Shak.
Stiller \Still"er\, n.
One who stills, or quiets.
Stillhouse \Still"house`\, n.
A house in which distillation is carried on; a distillery.
Still-hunt \Still"-hunt`\, n.
A hunting for game in a quiet and cautious manner, or under
cover; stalking; hence, colloquially, the pursuit of any
object quietly and cautiously. -- {Still"-hunt`er}, n. --
{Still"-hunt`ing}, n. [U.S.]
Stillicide \Stil"li*cide\, n. [L. stillicidium; stilla a drop +
cadere to fall.]
A continual falling or succession of drops; rain water
falling from the eaves. --Bacon.
Stillicidious \Stil`li*cid"i*ous\, a.
Falling in drops. [Obs.]
Stilliform \Stil"li*form\, a. [L. stilla a drop + -form.]
Having the form of a drop. --Owen.
Stilling \Still"ing\, n. [Cf. LG. stelling, G. stellen to set,
to place.]
A stillion. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Stillion \Stil"lion\, n. [See {Stilling}.]
A stand, as for casks or vats in a brewery, or for pottery
while drying.
Stillness \Still"ness\, n.
1. The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence;
calmness; inactivity.
Painting, then, was the art demanded by the modern
intellect upon its emergence from the stillness of
the Middle Ages. --J. A.
Symonds.
2. Habitual silence or quiet; taciturnity.
The gravity and stillness of your youth The world
hath noted. --Shak.
Stillroom \Still"room`\, n.
1. A room for distilling.
2. An apartment in a house where liquors, preserves, and the
like, are kept. [Eng.]
Floors are rubbed bright, . . . stillroom and
kitchen cleared for action. --Dickens.
Stillstand \Still"stand`\, n.
A standstill. [R.] --Shak.
Stilly \Still"y\, a.
Still; quiet; calm.
The stilly hour when storms are gone. --Moore.
Stilly \Stil"ly\, adv.
In a still manner; quietly; silently; softly. --Dr. H. More.
The hum of either army stilly sounds. --Shak.
Stilpnomelane \Stilp*nom"e*lane\, n. [Gr. stilpno`s shining +
me`las, -anos, black.] (Min.)
A black or greenish black mineral occurring in foliated
flates, also in velvety bronze-colored incrustations. It is a
hydrous silicate of iron and alumina.
Stilt \Stilt\, n. [OE. stilte; akin to Dan. stylte, Sw. stylta,
LG. & D. stelt, OHG. stelza, G. stelze, and perh. to E.
stout.]
1. A pole, or piece of wood, constructed with a step or loop
to raise the foot above the ground in walking. It is
sometimes lashed to the leg, and sometimes prolonged
upward so as to be steadied by the hand or arm.
Ambition is but avarice on stilts, and masked.
--Landor.
2. A crutch; also, the handle of a plow. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of limicoline birds belonging to
{Himantopus} and allied genera, in which the legs are
remarkably long and slender. Called also {longshanks},
{stiltbird}, {stilt plover}, and {lawyer}.
Note: The American species ({Himantopus Mexicanus}) is well
known. The European and Asiatic stilt ({H. candidus})
is usually white, except the wings and interscapulars,
which are greenish black. The white-headed stilt ({H.
leucocephalus}) and the banded stilt ({Cladorhynchus
pectoralis}) are found in Australia.
{Stilt plover} (Zo["o]l.), the stilt.
{Stilt sandpiper} (Zo["o]l.), an American sandpiper
({Micropalama himantopus}) having long legs. The bill is
somewhat expanded at the tip.
Stilt \Stilt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stilted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stilting}.]
To raise on stilts, or as if on stilts.
Stiltbird \Stilt"bird`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Stilt}, n., 3.
Stilted \Stilt"ed\, a.
Elevated as if on stilts; hence, pompous; bombastic; as, a
stilted style; stilted declamation.
{Stilted arch} (Arch.), an arch in which the springing line
is some distance above the impost, the space between being
occupied by a vertical member, molded or ornamented, as a
continuation of the archivolt, intrados, etc.
Stiltify \Stilt"i*fy\, v. t. [Stilt + -fy.]
To raise upon stilts, or as upon stilts; to stilt.
Stilty \Stilt"y\, a.
Unreasonably elevated; pompous; stilted; as, a stilty style.
Stime \Stime\, n. [Etymology uncertain.]
A slight gleam or glimmer; a glimpse. [Prov. Eng.]
--Halliwell.
Stimulant \Stim"u*lant\, a. [L. stimulans, p. pr.; cf. F.
stimulant. See {Stimulate}.]
1. Serving to stimulate.
2. (Physiol.) Produced increased vital action in the
organism, or in any of its parts.
Stimulant \Stim"u*lant\, n. [Cf. F. stimulant.]
1. That which stimulates, provokes, or excites.
His feelings had been exasperated by the constant
application of stimulants. --Macaulay.
2. (Physiol. & Med.) An agent which produces a temporary
increase of vital activity in the organism, or in any of
its parts; -- sometimes used without qualification to
signify an alcoholic beverage used as a stimulant.
Stimulate \Stim"u*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stimulated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Stimulating}.] [L. stimulatus, p. p. of
stimulare to prick or goad on, to incite, fr. stimulus a
goad. See {Stimulus}.]
1. To excite as if with a goad; to excite, rouse, or animate,
to action or more vigorous exertion by some pungent motive
or by persuasion; as, to stimulate one by the hope of
reward, or by the prospect of glory.
To excite and stimulate us thereunto. --Dr. J.
Scott.
2. (Physiol.) To excite; to irritate; especially, to excite
the activity of (a nerve or an irritable muscle), as by
electricity.
Syn: To animate; incite; encourage; impel; urge; instigate;
irritate; exasperate; incense.
Stimulation \Stim`u*la"tion\, n. [L. stimulatio: cf. F.
stimulation.]
1. The act of stimulating, or the state of being stimulated.
2. (Physiol.) The irritating action of various agents
(stimuli) on muscles, nerves, or a sensory end organ, by
which activity is evoked; especially, the nervous impulse
produced by various agents on nerves, or a sensory end
organ, by which the part connected with the nerve is
thrown into a state of activity; irritation.
Stimulative \Stim"u*la*tive\, a.
Having the quality of stimulating. -- n. That which
stimulates.
Stimulator \Stim"u*la`tor\, n. [L.: cf. F. stimulateur.]
One who stimulates.
Stimulatress \Stim"u*la`tress\, n.
A woman who stimulates.
Stimulism \Stim"u*lism\, n. (Med.)
(a) The theory of medical practice which regarded life as
dependent upon stimulation, or excitation, and disease as
caused by excess or deficiency in the amount of
stimulation.
(b) The practice of treating disease by alcoholic stimulants.
--Dr. H. Hartshorne.
Stimulus \Stim"u*lus\, n.; pl. {Stimuli}. [L., for stigmulus,
akin to L. instigare to stimulate. See {Instigare}, {Stick},
v. t.]
1. A goad; hence, something that rouses the mind or spirits;
an incentive; as, the hope of gain is a powerful stimulus
to labor and action.
2. That which excites or produces a temporary increase of
vital action, either in the whole organism or in any of
its parts; especially (Physiol.), any substance or agent
capable of evoking the activity of a nerve or irritable
muscle, or capable of producing an impression upon a
sensory organ or more particularly upon its specific end
organ.
Note: Of the stimuli applied to the sensory apparatus,
physiologists distinguish two kinds: (a) {Homologous
stimuli}, which act only upon the end organ, and for
whose action the sense organs are especially adapted,
as the rods and cones of the retina for the vibrations
of the either. (b) {Heterologous stimuli}, which are
mechanical, chemical, electrical, etc., and act upon
the nervous elements of the sensory apparatus along
their entire course, producing, for example, the flash
of light beheld when the eye is struck. --Landois &
Stirling.
Sting \Sting\, n. [AS. sting a sting. See {Sting}, v. t.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any sharp organ of offense and defense,
especially when connected with a poison gland, and adapted
to inflict a wound by piercing; as the caudal sting of a
scorpion. The sting of a bee or wasp is a modified
ovipositor. The caudal sting, or spine, of a sting ray is
a modified dorsal fin ray. The term is sometimes applied
to the fang of a serpent. See Illust. of {Scorpion}.
2. (Bot.) A sharp-pointed hollow hair seated on a gland which
secrets an acrid fluid, as in nettles. The points of these
hairs usually break off in the wound, and the acrid fluid
is pressed into it.
3. Anything that gives acute pain, bodily or mental; as, the
stings of remorse; the stings of reproach.
The sting of death is sin. --1 Cor. xv.
56.
4. The thrust of a sting into the flesh; the act of stinging;
a wound inflicted by stinging. ``The lurking serpent's
mortal sting.'' --Shak.
5. A goad; incitement. --Shak.
6. The point of an epigram or other sarcastic saying.
{Sting moth} (Zo["o]l.), an Australian moth ({Doratifera
vulnerans}) whose larva is armed, at each end of the body,
with four tubercles bearing powerful stinging organs.
{Sting ray}. (Zo["o]l.) See under 6th {Ray}.
{Sting winkle} (Zo["o]l.), a spinose marine univalve shell of
the genus Murex, as the European species ({Murex
erinaceus}). See Illust. of {Murex}.
Sting \Sting\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stung}(Archaic {Stang}); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Stinging}.] [AS. stingan; akin to Icel. & Sw.
stinga, Dan. stinge, and probably to E. stick, v.t.; cf.
Goth. usstiggan to put out, pluck out. Cf. {Stick}, v. t.]
1. To pierce or wound with a sting; as, bees will sting an
animal that irritates them; the nettles stung his hands.
2. To pain acutely; as, the conscience is stung with remorse;
to bite. ``Slander stings the brave.'' --Pope.
3. To goad; to incite, as by taunts or reproaches.
Stingaree \Sting`a*ree"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any sting ray. See under 6th {Ray}.
Stingbull \Sting"bull`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European greater weever fish ({Trachinus draco}), which
is capable of inflicting severe wounds with the spinous rays
of its dorsal fin. See {Weever}.
Stinger \Sting"er\, n.
One who, or that which, stings.
Professor E. Forbes states that only a small minority
of the medus[ae] of our seas are stingers. --Owen.
Stingfish \Sting"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The weever.
Stingily \Stin"gi*ly\, adv.
In a stingy manner.
Stinginess \Stin"gi*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stingy.
Stinging \Sting"ing\, a.
Piercing, or capable of piercing, with a sting; inflicting
acute pain as if with a sting, goad, or pointed weapon;
pungent; biting; as, stinging cold; a stinging rebuke. --
{Sting"ing*ly}, adv.
{Stinging cell}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Lasso cell}, under
{Lasso}.
Stingless \Sting"less\, a.
Having no sting.
Stingo \Stin"go\, n. [From {Sting}.]
Old beer; sharp or strong liquor. [Old Slang]
Shall I set a cup of old stingo at your elbow?
--Addison.
Stingtail \Sting"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A sting ray.
Stingy \Sting"y\, a.
Stinging; able to sting.
Stingy \Stin"gy\, a. [Compar. {Stingier}; superl. {Stingiest}.]
[Probably from sting, and meaning originally, stinging;
hence, biting, nipping (of the wind), churlish, avaricious;
or cf. E. skinch.]
Extremely close and covetous; meanly avaricious; niggardly;
miserly; penurious; as, a stingy churl.
A stingy, narrow-hearted fellow that had a deal of
choice fruit, had not the heart to touch it till it
began to be rotten. --L'estrange.
Stink \Stink\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Stunk}, {Stank}, p. pr. &
vb. n. {Stinking}.] [AS. stinkan to have a smell (whether
good or bad); akin to OHG. stinchan, G. & D. stinken to
stink; of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. st["o]kkva to leap, to
spring, Goth. stigqan to push, strike, or Gr. ? rancid. Cf.
{Stench}.]
To emit a strong, offensive smell; to send out a disgusting
odor.
Stink \Stink\, v. t.
To cause to stink; to affect by a stink.
Stink \Stink\, n. [AS. stinc.]
A strong, offensive smell; a disgusting odor; a stench.
{Fire stink}. See under {Fire}.
{Stink-fire lance}. See under {Lance}.
{Stink rat} (Zo["o]l.), the musk turtle. [Local, U.S.]
{Stink shad} (Zo["o]l.), the gizzard shad. [Local, U.S.]
{Stink trap}, a stench trap. See under {Stench}.
Stinkard \Stink"ard\, n.
1. A mean, stinking, paltry fellow. --B. Jonson.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The teledu of the East Indies. It emits a
disagreeable odor.
Stinkball \Stink"ball`\, n.
A composition of substances which in combustion emit a
suffocating odor; -- used formerly in naval warfare.
Stinker \Stink"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, stinks.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of the several species of large
antarctic petrels which feed on blubber and carrion and
have an offensive odor, as the giant fulmar.
Stinkhorn \Stink"horn`\, n. (Bot.)
A kind of fungus of the genus {Phallus}, which emits a fetid
odor.
Stinking \Stink"ing\,
a. & n. from {Stink}, v.
{Stinking badger} (Zo["o]l.), the teledu.
{Stinking cedar} (Bot.), the California nutmeg tree; also, a
related tree of Florida ({Torreya taxifolia}).
Stinkingly \Stink"ing*ly\, adv.
In a stinking manner; with an offensive smell.
Stinkpot \Stink"pot`\, n.
1. An earthen jar charged with powder, grenades, and other
materials of an offensive and suffocating smell, --
sometimes used in boarding an enemy's vessel.
2. A vessel in which disinfectants are burned.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The musk turtle, or musk tortoise. See under
{Musk}.
Stinkstone \Stink"stone`\, n. (Min.)
One of the varieties of calcite, barite, and feldspar, which
emit a fetid odor on being struck; -- called also
{swinestone}.
Stinkweed \Stink"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
Stramonium. See {Jamestown weed}, and {Datura}.
Stinkwood \Stink"wood`\, n. (Bot.)
A name given to several kinds of wood with an unpleasant
smell, as that of the {F[oe]tidia Mauritiana} of the
Mauritius, and that of the South African {Ocotea bullata}.
Stint \Stint\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of small sandpipers, as the
sanderling of Europe and America, the dunlin, the little
stint of India ({Tringa minuta}), etc. Called also
{pume}.
(b) A phalarope.
Stint \Stint\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stinted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stinting}.] [OE. stinten, stenten, stunten, to cause to
cease, AS. styntan (in comp.) to blunt, dull, fr. stunt dull,
stupid; akin to Icel. stytta to shorten, stuttr short, dial,
Sw. stynta to shorten, stunt short. Cf. {Stent}, {Stunt}.]
1. To restrain within certain limits; to bound; to confine;
to restrain; to restrict to a scant allowance.
I shall not go about to extenuate the latitude of
the curse upon the earth, or stint it only to the
production of weeds. --Woodward.
She stints them in their meals. --Law.
2. To put an end to; to stop. [Obs.] --Shak.
3. To assign a certain (i. e., limited) task to (a person),
upon the performance of which one is excused from further
labor for the day or for a certain time; to stent.
4. To serve successfully; to get with foal; -- said of mares.
The majority of maiden mares will become stinted
while at work. --J. H. Walsh.
Stint \Stint\, v. i.
To stop; to cease. [Archaic]
They can not stint till no thing be left. --Chaucer.
And stint thou too, I pray thee. --Shak.
The damsel stinted in her song. --Sir W.
Scott.
Stint \Stint\, n. [Also written stent. See {Stint}, v. t.]
1. Limit; bound; restraint; extent.
God has wrote upon no created thing the utmost stint
of his power. --South.
2. Quantity or task assigned; proportion allotted.
His old stint -- three thousand pounds a year.
--Cowper.
Stintance \Stint"ance\, n.
Restraint; stoppage. [Obs.]
Stintedness \Stint"ed*ness\, n.
The state of being stinted.
Stinter \Stint"er\, n.
One who, or that which, stints.
Stintless \Stint"less\, a.
Without stint or restraint.
The stintlesstears of old Heraclitus. --Marston.
Stipe \Stipe\, n. [L. stipes a stock, post, branch: cf. F.
stipe.] (Bot.)
(a) The stalk or petiole of a frond, as of a fern.
(b) The stalk of a pistil.
(c) The trunk of a tree.
(d) The stem of a fungus or mushroom.
Stipel \Sti"pel\, n. [See {Stipule}.] (Bot.)
The stipule of a leaflet. --Gray.
Stipellate \Sti*pel"late\, a. (Bot.)
Having stipels.
Stipend \Sti"pend\, n. [L. stipendium; stips, gen. stipis, a
gift, donation, given in small coin + pendere to weigh or pay
out.]
Settled pay or compensation for services, whether paid daily,
monthly, or annually.
Stipend \Sti"pend\, v. t.
To pay by settled wages. [R.]
Stipendiarian \Sti*pen`di*a"ri*an\, a.
Acting from mercenary considerations; stipendiary. --A.
Seward.
Stipendiary \Sti*pen"di*a*ry\, a. [L. stipendiarius: cf. F.
stipendiaire.]
Receiving wages, or salary; performing services for a stated
price or compensation.
His great stipendiary prelates came with troops of
evil-appointed horseman not half full. --Knolles.
Stipendiary \Sti*pen"di*a*ry\, n.; pl. {Stipendiaries}.
One who receives a stipend.
If thou art become A tyrant's vile stipendiary.
--Glover.
Stipendiate \Sti*pen"di*ate\, v. t. [L. stipendiatus, p. p. of
stipendiari to receive pay.]
To provide with a stipend, or salary; to support; to pay.
--Evelyn.
It is good to endow colleges, and to found chairs, and
to stipendiate professors. --I. Taylor.
Stipendless \Sti"pend*less\ (st[imac]"p[e^]nd*l[e^]s), a.
Having no stipend.
Stipes \Sti"pes\ (-p[=e]z), n.; pl. {Stipites}. [L., a stock.]
(Zo["o]l.)
(a) The second joint of a maxilla of an insect or a
crustacean.
(b) An eyestalk.
Stipitate \Stip"i*tate\, a. [NL. stipitatus, from L. stipes,
gen. stipitis, a stock. See {Stipe}.] (Bot.)
Supported by a stipe; elevated on a stipe, as the fronds of
most ferns, or the pod of certain cruciferous plants.
Stipitiform \Stip"i*ti*form\, a. [Stipes + -form.] (Bot.)
Having the shape of a stalk; stalklike.
Stipple \Stip"ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stippled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Stippling}.] [D. stippelen to make points, to spot, dot,
from stippel, dim. of stip a dot, spot.]
1. To engrave by means of dots, in distinction from engraving
in lines.
The interlaying of small pieces can not altogether
avoid a broken, stippled, spotty effect. --Milman.
2. To paint, as in water colors, by small, short touches
which together produce an even or softly graded surface.
Stipple \Stip"ple\, Stippling \Stip"pling\, n. (Engraving)
A mode of execution which produces the effect by dots or
small points instead of lines.
2. (Paint.) A mode of execution in which a flat or even tint
is produced by many small touches.
Stiptic \Stip"tic\, a. & n. (Med.)
See {Styptic}.
Stipula \Stip"u*la\, n.; pl. E. {Stipulas}, L. {Stipul[ae]}.
[L., a stalk, stem.]
1. (Bot.) A stipule.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A newly sprouted feather.
Stipulaceous \Stip`u*la"ceous\, Stipular \Stip"u*lar\, a. [Cf.
F. stipulac['e], stipulaire. See {Stipula}.] (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to stipules; resembling stipules; furnished
with stipules; growing on stipules, or close to them;
occupying the position of stipules; as, stipular glands and
stipular tendrils.
Stipulary \Stip"u*la*ry\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to stipules; stipular.
Stipulate \Stip"u*late\, a. (Bot.)
Furnished with stipules; as, a stipulate leaf.
Stipulate \Stip"u*late\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Stipulated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Stipulating}.] [L. stipulatus, p. p. of
stipulari to stipulate, fr. OL. stipulus firm, fast; probably
akin to L. stipes a post. Cf. {Stiff}.]
To make an agreement or covenant with any person or company
to do or forbear anything; to bargain; to contract; to settle
terms; as, certain princes stipulated to assist each other in
resisting the armies of France.
Stipulation \Stip`u*la"tion\, n. [L. stipulatio: cf. F.
stipulation.]
1. The act of stipulating; a contracting or bargaining; an
agreement.
2. That which is stipulated, or agreed upon; that which is
definitely arranged or contracted; an agreement; a
covenant; a contract or bargain; also, any particular
article, item, or condition, in a mutual agreement; as,
the stipulations of the allied powers to furnish each his
contingent of troops.
3. (Law) A material article of an agreement; an undertaking
in the nature of bail taken in the admiralty courts; a
bargain. --Bouvier. Wharton.
Syn: Agreement; contract; engagement. See {Covenant}.
Stipulation \Stip`u*la"tion\, n. [See {Stipule}.] (Bot.)
The situation, arrangement, and structure of the stipules.
Stipulator \Stip"u*la`tor\, n. [L.]
One who stipulates, contracts, or covenants.
Stipule \Stip"ule\, n. [L. stipula a stalk, stem, straw: cf. F.
stipule. Cf. {Stubble}.] (Bot.)
An appendage at the base of petioles or leaves, usually
somewhat resembling a small leaf in texture and appearance.
Stipuled \Stip"uled\, a. (Bot.)
Furnished with stipules, or leafy appendages.
Stir \Stir\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stirred}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stirring}.] [OE. stiren, steren, sturen, AS. styrian;
probably akin to D. storen to disturb, G. st["o]ren, OHG.
st[=o]ren to scatter, destroy. [root]166.]
1. To change the place of in any manner; to move.
My foot I had never yet in five days been able to
stir. --Sir W.
Temple.
2. To disturb the relative position of the particles of, as
of a liquid, by passing something through it; to agitate;
as, to stir a pudding with a spoon.
My mind is troubled, like a fountain stirred.
--Shak.
3. To bring into debate; to agitate; to moot.
Stir not questions of jurisdiction. --Bacon.
4. To incite to action; to arouse; to instigate; to prompt;
to excite. ``To stir men to devotion.'' --Chaucer.
An Ate, stirring him to blood and strife. --Shak.
And for her sake some mutiny will stir. --Dryden.
Note: In all senses except the first, stir is often followed
by up with an intensive effect; as, to stir up fire; to
stir up sedition.
Syn: To move; incite; awaken; rouse; animate; stimulate;
excite; provoke.
Stir \Stir\, v. i.
1. To move; to change one's position.
I had not power to stir or strive, But felt that I
was still alive. --Byron.
2. To be in motion; to be active or bustling; to exert or
busy one's self.
All are not fit with them to stir and toil. --Byron.
The friends of the unfortunate exile, far from
resenting his unjust suspicions, were stirring
anxiously in his behalf. --Merivale.
3. To become the object of notice; to be on foot.
They fancy they have a right to talk freely upon
everything that stirs or appears. --I. Watts.
4. To rise, or be up, in the morning. [Colloq.] --Shak.
Stir \Stir\, n.
1. The act or result of stirring; agitation; tumult; bustle;
noise or various movements.
Why all these words, this clamor, and this stir?
--Denham.
Consider, after so much stir about genus and
species, how few words we have yet settled
definitions of. --Locke.
2. Public disturbance or commotion; tumultuous disorder;
seditious uproar.
Being advertised of some stirs raised by his
unnatural sons in England. --Sir J.
Davies.
3. Agitation of thoughts; conflicting passions.
Stirabout \Stir"a*bout`\, n.
A dish formed of oatmeal boiled in water to a certain
consistency and frequently stirred, or of oatmeal and
dripping mixed together and stirred about in a pan; a hasty
pudding.
Stiriated \Stir"i*a`ted\, a. [L. stiria an icicle.]
Adorned with pendants like icicles.
Stirious \Stir"i*ous\, a. [L. stiria an icicle.]
Resembling icicles. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Stirk \Stirk\, n. [AS. stric, from ste['o]r a steer. See {Steer}
a young ox.]
A young bullock or heifer. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --Sir W.
Scott.
Stirless \Stir"less\, a.
Without stirring; very quiet; motionless. ``Lying helpless
and stirless.'' --Hare.
Stirp \Stirp\, n. [L. stirps, stirpis.]
Stock; race; family. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Stirpiculture \Stir"pi*cul`ture\, n. [L. stirps, stirpis, stem,
stock, race + cultura culture.]
The breeding of special stocks or races.
Stirps \Stirps\, n.; pl. {Stirpes}. [L., stem, stock.]
1. (Law) Stock; race; family. --Blackstone.
2. (Bot.) A race, or a fixed and permanent variety.
Stirrage \Stir"rage\, n.
The act of stirring; stir; commotion. [Obs.] --T. Granger.
Stirrer \Stir"rer\, n.
One who, or that which, stirs something; also, one who moves
about, especially after sleep; as, an early stirrer. --Shak.
{Stirrer up}, an instigator or inciter. --Atterbury.
Stirring \Stir"ring\, a.
Putting in motion, or being in motion; active; active in
business; habitually employed in some kind of business;
accustomed to a busy life.
A more stirring and intellectual age than any which had
gone before it. --Southey.
Syn: Animating; arousing; awakening; stimulating; quickening;
exciting.
Stirrup \Stir"rup\, n. [OE. stirop, AS. stigr[=a]p; st[=i]gan to
mount, ascend + r[=a]p a rope; akin to G. stegreif a stirrup.
[root]164. See {Sty}, v. i., and {Rope}.]
1. A kind of ring, or bent piece of metal, wood, leather, or
the like, horizontal in one part for receiving the foot of
a rider, and attached by a strap to the saddle, -- used to
assist a person in mounting a horse, and to enable him to
sit steadily in riding, as well as to relieve him by
supporting a part of the weight of the body.
Our host upon his stirpoes stood anon. --Chaucer.
2. (Carp. & Mach.) Any piece resembling in shape the stirrup
of a saddle, and used as a support, clamp, etc. See
{Bridle iron}.
3. (Naut.) A rope secured to a yard, with a thimble in its
lower end for supporting a footrope. --Totten.
{Stirrup bone} (Anat.), the stapes.
{Stirrup cup}, a parting cup taken after mounting.
{Stirrup iron}, an iron stirrup.
{Stirrup leather}, or {Stirrup strap}, the strap which
attaches a stirrup to the saddle. See {Stirrup}, 1.
Stirt \Stirt\, obs. p. p. of {Start}, v. i.
Started; leaped.
They privily be stirt into a well. --Chaucer.
Stirte \Stir"te\, obs.
imp. of {Start}, v. i. & t. --Chaucer.
Stitch \Stitch\, n. [OE. stiche, AS. stice a pricking, akin to
stician to prick. See {Stick}, v. i.]
1. A single pass of a needle in sewing; the loop or turn of
the thread thus made.
2. A single turn of the thread round a needle in knitting; a
link, or loop, of yarn; as, to let down, or drop, a
stitch; to take up a stitch.
3. [Cf. OE. sticche, stecche, stucche, a piece, AS. stycce.
Cf. {Stock}.] A space of work taken up, or gone over, in a
single pass of the needle; hence, by extension, any space
passed over; distance.
You have gone a good stitch. --Bunyan.
In Syria the husbandmen go lightly over with their
plow, and take no deep stitch in making their
furrows. --Holland.
4. A local sharp pain; an acute pain, like the piercing of a
needle; as, a stitch in the side.
He was taken with a cold and with stitches, which
was, indeed, a pleurisy. --Bp. Burnet.
5. A contortion, or twist. [Obs.]
If you talk, Or pull your face into a stitch again,
I shall be angry. --Marston.
6. Any least part of a fabric or dress; as, to wet every
stitch of clothes. [Colloq.]
7. A furrow. --Chapman.
{Chain stitch}, {Lock stitch}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Pearl}, or {Purl stitch}. See 2nd {Purl}, 2.
Stitch \Stitch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stitched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stitching}.]
1. To form stitches in; especially, to sew in such a manner
as to show on the surface a continuous line of stitches;
as, to stitch a shirt bosom.
2. To sew, or unite together by stitches; as, to stitch
printed sheets in making a book or a pamphlet.
3. (Agric.) To form land into ridges.
{To stitch up}, to mend or unite with a needle and thread;
as, to stitch up a rent; to stitch up an artery.
Stitch \Stitch\, v. i.
To practice stitching, or needlework.
Stitchel \Stitch"el\, n.
A kind of hairy wool. [Prov.]
Stitcher \Stitch"er\, n.
One who stitches; a seamstress.
Stitchery \Stitch"er*y\, n.
Needlework; -- in contempt. --Shak.
Stitching \Stitch"ing\, n.
1. The act of one who stitches.
2. Work done by sewing, esp. when a continuous line of
stitches is shown on the surface; stitches, collectively.
Stitchwort \Stitch"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
See {Stichwort}.
Stith \Stith\, a. [AS. st[=i][eth].]
Strong; stiff; rigid. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Stith \Stith\, n. [Icel. ste[eth]i an anvil, akin to sta[eth]r
place. See {Stead}.]
An anvil; a stithy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
He invented also pincers, hammers, iron crows, and the
anvil, or stith. --Holland.
Stithy \Stith"y\, n. [See {Stith}, and cf. {Stiddy}.]
1. An anvil. --Sir W. Scott.
2. A smith's shop; a smithy; a smithery; a forge. ``As foul
as Vulcan's stithy.'' --Shak.
Stithy \Stith"y\, v. t.
To forge on an anvil.
The forge that stithied Mars his helm. --Shak.
Stive \Stive\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stived}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stiving}.] [Probably fr. F. estiver to compress, stow, L.
stipare: cf. It. stivare, Sp. estivar. Cf. {Stevedore},
{Stiff}.]
To stuff; to crowd; to fill full; hence, to make hot and
close; to render stifling. --Sandys.
His chamber was commonly stived with friends or suitors
of one kind or other. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Stive \Stive\, v. i.
To be stifled or suffocated.
Stive \Stive\, n.
The floating dust in flour mills caused by the operation or
grinding. --De Colange.
Stiver \Sti"ver\, n. [D. stuiver; akin to G. st["u]ber, Dan.
styver, Sw. styfver.]
A Dutch coin, and money of account, of the value of two
cents, or about one penny sterling; hence, figuratively,
anything of little worth.
Stives \Stives\, n. pl. [OE. See {Stew}.]
Stews; a brothel. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Stoak \Stoak\, v. t. [Cf. G. stocken.] (Naut.)
To stop; to choke.
Stoat \Stoat\, n. [OE. stot a stoat, horse, bullock; perhaps
originally only of male animals, and akin to D. stooten to
push, E. stutter; cf. Icel. st?tr a bull, Sw. stut a bullock.
Cf. {Stot}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The ermine in its summer pelage, when it is reddish brown,
but with a black tip to the tail. The name is sometimes
applied also to other brown weasels.
Stocah \Sto"cah\, n. [Ir. & Gael. stocach an idle fellow who
lives on the industry of others, a lounger.]
A menial attendant. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Stoccade \Stoc*cade"\, n. & v.
See {Stockade}.
Stoccado \Stoc*ca"do\, n. [F. estocade, fr. Sp. estocada, or It.
stoccata, from Sp. estoque, or It. stocco, a rapier, fr. G.
stock a stick. See {Stock}.]
A stab; a thrust with a rapier. --Shak.
Stochastic \Sto*chas"tic\ (st[-o]*k[a^]s"t[i^]k), a. [Gr.
stochastiko`s, from stocha`zesqai to aim, to guess, fr.
sto`chos mark or aim.]
1. Conjectural; able to conjecture. [Obs.] --Whitefoot.
Stock \Stock\ (st[o^]k), n. [AS. stocc a stock, trunk, stick;
akin to D. stok, G. stock, OHG. stoc, Icel. stokkr, Sw.
stock, Dan. stok, and AS. stycce a piece; cf. Skr. tuj to
urge, thrust. Cf. {Stokker}, {Stucco}, and {Tuck} a rapier.]
1. The stem, or main body, of a tree or plant; the fixed,
strong, firm part; the trunk.
Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and
the stock thereof die in the ground, yet through the
scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs
like a plant. --Job xiv.
8,9.
2. The stem or branch in which a graft is inserted.
The scion overruleth the stock quite. --Bacon.
3. A block of wood; something fixed and solid; a pillar; a
firm support; a post.
All our fathers worshiped stocks and stones.
--Milton.
Item, for a stock of brass for the holy water, seven
shillings; which, by the canon, must be of marble or
metal, and in no case of brick. --Fuller.
4. Hence, a person who is as dull and lifeless as a stock or
post; one who has little sense.
Let's be no stoics, nor no stocks. --Shak.
5. The principal supporting part; the part in which others
are inserted, or to which they are attached. Specifically:
(a) The wood to which the barrel, lock, etc., of a musket
or like firearm are secured; also, a long, rectangular
piece of wood, which is an important part of several
forms of gun carriage.
(b) The handle or contrivance by which bits are held in
boring; a bitstock; a brace.
(c) (Joinery) The block of wood or metal frame which
constitutes the body of a plane, and in which the
plane iron is fitted; a plane stock.
(d) (Naut.) The wooden or iron crosspiece to which the
shank of an anchor is attached. See Illust. of
{Anchor}.
(e) The support of the block in which an anvil is fixed,
or of the anvil itself.
(f) A handle or wrench forming a holder for the dies for
cutting screws; a diestock.
(g) The part of a tally formerly struck in the exchequer,
which was delivered to the person who had lent the
king money on account, as the evidence of
indebtedness. See {Counterfoil}. [Eng.]
6. The original progenitor; also, the race or line of a
family; the progenitor of a family and his direct
descendants; lineage; family.
And stand betwixt them made, when, severally, All
told their stock. --Chapman.
Thy mother was no goddess, nor thy stock From
Dardanus. --Denham.
7. Money or capital which an individual or a firm employs in
business; fund; in the United States, the capital of a
bank or other company, in the form of transferable shares,
each of a certain amount; money funded in government
securities, called also {the public funds}; in the plural,
property consisting of shares in joint-stock companies, or
in the obligations of a government for its funded debt; --
so in the United States, but in England the latter only
are called {stocks}, and the former {shares}.
8. (Bookkeeping) Same as {Stock account}, below.
9. Supply provided; store; accumulation; especially, a
merchant's or manufacturer's store of goods; as, to lay in
a stock of provisions.
Add to that stock which justly we bestow. --Dryden.
10. (Agric.) Domestic animals or beasts collectively, used or
raised on a farm; as, a stock of cattle or of sheep,
etc.; -- called also {live stock}.
11. (Card Playing) That portion of a pack of cards not
distributed to the players at the beginning of certain
games, as gleek, etc., but which might be drawn from
afterward as occasion required; a bank.
I must buy the stock; send me good cardings.
--Beau. & Fl.
12. A thrust with a rapier; a stoccado. [Obs.]
13. [Cf. {Stocking}.] A covering for the leg, or leg and
foot; as, upper stocks (breeches); nether stocks
(stockings). [Obs.]
With a linen stock on one leg. --Shak.
14. A kind of stiff, wide band or cravat for the neck; as, a
silk stock.
15. pl. A frame of timber, with holes in which the feet, or
the feet and hands, of criminals were formerly confined
by way of punishment.
He shall rest in my stocks. --Piers
Plowman.
16. pl. (Shipbuilding) The frame or timbers on which a ship
rests while building.
17. pl. Red and gray bricks, used for the exterior of walls
and the front of buildings. [Eng.]
18. (Bot.) Any cruciferous plant of the genus {Matthiola};
as, common stock ({Matthiola incana}) (see
{Gilly-flower}); ten-weeks stock ({M. annua}).
19. (Geol.) An irregular metalliferous mass filling a large
cavity in a rock formation, as a stock of lead ore
deposited in limestone.
20. A race or variety in a species.
21. (Biol.) In tectology, an aggregate or colony of persons
(see {Person}), as trees, chains of salp[ae], etc.
22. The beater of a fulling mill. --Knight.
23. (Cookery) A liquid or jelly containing the juices and
soluble parts of meat, and certain vegetables, etc.,
extracted by cooking; -- used in making soup, gravy, etc.
{Bit stock}. See {Bitstock}.
{Dead stock} (Agric.), the implements of husbandry, and
produce stored up for use; -- in distinction from live
stock, or the domestic animals on the farm. See def. 10,
above.
{Head stock}. See {Headstock}.
{Paper stock}, rags and other material of which paper is
made.
{Stock account} (Bookkeeping), an account on a merchant's
ledger, one side of which shows the original capital, or
stock, and the additions thereto by accumulation or
contribution, the other side showing the amounts
withdrawn.
{Stock car}, a railway car for carrying cattle.
{Stock company} (Com.), an incorporated company the capital
of which is represented by marketable shares having a
certain equal par value.
{Stock duck} (Zo["o]l.), the mallard.
{Stock exchange}.
(a) The building or place where stocks are bought and
sold; stock market; hence, transactions of all kinds
in stocks.
(b) An association or body of stockbrokers who meet and
transact business by certain recognized forms,
regulations, and usages. --Wharton. Brande & C.
{Stock farmer}, a farmer who makes it his business to rear
live stock.
{Stock gillyflower} (Bot.), the common stock. See {Stock},
n., 18.
{Stock gold}, gold laid up so as to form a stock, or hoard.
{Stock in trade}, the goods kept for sale by a shopkeeper;
the fittings and appliances of a workman. --Simmonds.
{Stock list}, a list of stocks, or shares, dealt in, of
transactions, and of prices.
{Stock lock}, a lock inclosed in a wooden case and attached
to the face of a door.
{Stock market}.
(a) A place where stocks are bought and sold; the stock
exchange.
(b) A market for live stock.
{Stock pigeon}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Stockdove}.
{Stock purse}.
(a) A common purse, as distinguished from a private
purse.
(b) (Mil.) Moneys saved out of the expenses of a company
or regiment, and applied to objects of common
interest. [Eng.]
{Stock shave}, a tool used by blockmakers.
{Stock station}, a place or district for rearing stock.
[Australia] --W. Howitt.
{Stock tackle} (Naut.), a tackle used when the anchor is
hoisted and secured, to keep its stock clear of the ship's
sides. --Totten.
{Stock taking}, an examination and inventory made of goods or
stock in a shop or warehouse; -- usually made
periodically.
{Tail stock}. See {Tailstock}.
{To have something on the stock}, to be at work at something.
{To take stock}, to take account of stock; to make an
inventory of stock or goods on hand. --Dickens.
{To take stock in}.
(a) To subscribe for, or purchase, shares in a stock
company.
(b) To put faith in; to accept as trustworthy; as, to
take stock in a person's fidelity. [Slang]
{To take stock of}, to take account of the stock of; to take
an inventory of; hence, to ascertain the facts in regard
to (something). [Eng.]
At the outset of any inquiry it is proper to take
stock of the results obtained by previous explorers
of the same field. --Leslie
Stephen.
Syn: Fund; capital; store; supply; accumulation; hoard;
provision.
Stock \Stock\ (st[o^]k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stocked}
(st[o^]kt); p. pr. & vb. n. {Stocking}.]
1. To lay up; to put aside for future use; to store, as
merchandise, and the like.
2. To provide with material requisites; to store; to fill; to
supply; as, to stock a warehouse, that is, to fill it with
goods; to stock a farm, that is, to supply it with cattle
and tools; to stock land, that is, to occupy it with a
permanent growth, especially of grass.
3. To suffer to retain milk for twenty-four hours or more
previous to sale, as cows.
4. To put in the stocks. [R.] --Shak.
{To stock an anchor} (Naut.), to fit it with a stock, or to
fasten the stock firmly in place.
{To stock cards} (Card Playing), to arrange cards in a
certain manner for cheating purposes. [Cant]
{To stock down} (Agric.), to sow, as plowed land, with grass
seed, in order that it may become swarded, and produce
grass.
{To stock up}, to extirpate; to dig up.
Stock \Stock\, a.
Used or employed for constant service or application, as if
constituting a portion of a stock or supply; standard;
permanent; standing; as, a stock actor; a stock play; a stock
sermon. ``A stock charge against Raleigh.'' --C. Kingsley.
{Stock company} (Theater), a company of actors regularly
employed at one theater, or permanently acting together in
various plays under one management.
Stockade \Stock*ade"\, n. [F. estacade stockade, boom (confused
in French with estocade; see 1st {Stoccado}); fr. It.
steccata a palisade (influenced by OF. estach, estaque, a
stake, post), or from Sp. estacada a palisade; both of German
origin, and akin to E. stake, stick; cf. G. stecken stick,
OHG. steccho. See {Stake}, n., {Stick}, n. & v. t., and cf.
{Estacade}, {Stacket}.]
1. (Mil.) A line of stout posts or timbers set firmly in the
earth in contact with each other (and usually with
loopholes) to form a barrier, or defensive fortification.
[Written also {stoccade}.]
2. An inclosure, or pen, made with posts and stakes.
Stockade \Stock*ade"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stockaded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Stockading}.]
To surround, fortify, or protect with a stockade.
Stock-blind \Stock"-blind`\, a.
Blind as a stock; wholly blind.
Stockbroker \Stock"bro`ker\, n.
A broker who deals in stocks.
Stockdove \Stock"dove`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A common European wild pigeon ({Columba [ae]nas}), so called
because at one time believed to be the stock of the domestic
pigeon, or, according to some, from its breeding in the
stocks, or trunks, of trees.
Note: The name is applied, also, to other related species, as
the Indian stockdove ({Palumb[ae]na Eversmanni}).
Stocker \Stock"er\, n.
One who makes or fits stocks, as of guns or gun carriages,
etc.
Stockfish \Stock"fish`\, n. [Cf. D. stokvisch.]
1. Salted and dried fish, especially codfish, hake, ling, and
torsk; also, codfish dried without being salted.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Young fresh cod.
Stockholder \Stock"hold`er\, n.
One who is a holder or proprietor of stock in the public
funds, or in the funds of a bank or other stock company.
Stockinet \Stock`i*net"\, n.
An elastic textile fabric imitating knitting, of which
stockings, under-garments, etc., are made.
Stocking \Stock"ing\, n. [From {Stock}, which was formerly used
of a covering for the legs and feet, combining breeches, or
upper stocks, and stockings, or nether stocks.]
A close-fitting covering for the foot and leg, usually knit
or woven.
{Blue stocking}. See {Bluestocking}.
{Stocking frame}, a machine for knitting stockings or other
hosiery goods.
Stocking \Stock"ing\, v. t.
To dress in GBs. --Dryden.
Stockinger \Stock"ing*er\, n.
A stocking weaver.
Stockish \Stock"ish\, a.
Like a stock; stupid; blockish.
Since naught so stockish, hard, and full of rage, But
music for the time doth change his nature. --Shak.
Stockjobber \Stock"job`ber\, n. [Stock + job.]
One who speculates in stocks for gain; one whose occupation
is to buy and sell stocks. In England a jobber acts as an
intermediary between brokers.
Stockjobbing \Stock"job`bing\, n.
The act or art of dealing in stocks; the business of a
stockjobber.
Stockman \Stock"man\, n.; pl. {Stockmen}.
A herdsman; a ranchman; one owning, or having charge of,
herds of live stock. [Australia & U.S.] --W. Howitt.
Stock-still \Stock"-still`\, a. [CF. G. stock-still.]
Still as a stock, or fixed post; perfectly still.
His whole work stands stock-still. --Sterne.
Stockwork \Stock"work`\, n. [G. stockwerk.]
1. (Mining) A system of working in ore, etc., when it lies
not in strata or veins, but in solid masses, so as to be
worked in chambers or stories.
2. (Geol.) A metalliferous deposit characterized by the
impregnation of the mass of rock with many small veins or
nests irregularly grouped. This kind of deposit is
especially common with tin ore. Such deposits are worked
in floors or stories.
Stocky \Stock"y\, a. [From {Stock}.]
1. Short and thick; thick rather than tall or corpulent.
--Addison.
Stocky, twisted, hunchback stems. --Mrs. H. H.
Jackson.
2. Headstrong. [Prov. Eng.] --G. Eliot.
Stodgy \Stodg"y\, a.
Wet. [Prov. Eng.] --G. Eliot.
Stoechiology \St[oe]ch`i*ol"o*gy\, n., Stoechiometry
\St[oe]ch`i*om"e*try\, n., etc.
See {Stoichiology}, {Stoichiometry}, etc.
Stoic \Sto"ic\, n. [L. stoicus, Gr. ?, fr. ?, adj., literally,
of or pertaining to a colonnade, from ? a roofed colonnade, a
porch, especially, a porch in Athens where Zeno and his
successors taught.]
1. A disciple of the philosopher Zeno; one of a Greek sect
which held that men should be free from passion, unmoved
by joy or grief, and should submit without complaint to
unavoidable necessity, by which all things are governed.
2. Hence, a person not easily excited; an apathetic person;
one who is apparently or professedly indifferent to
pleasure or pain.
A Stoic of the woods, a man without a tear.
--Campbell.
{School of Stoics}. See {The Porch}, under {Porch}.
Stoic \Sto"ic\, Stoical \Sto"ic*al\, a. [L. stoicus, Gr. ?: cf.
F. sto["i]que. See {Stoic}, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Stoics; resembling the Stoics or
their doctrines.
2. Not affected by passion; manifesting indifference to
pleasure or pain. -- {Sto"ic*al*ly}, adv. --
{Sto"ic*al*ness}, n.
Stoichiological \Stoi`chi*o*log"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to stoichiology.
Stoichiology \Stoi`chi*ol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? a first element +
-logy.] [Written also {st[oe]chiology}.]
1. That part of the science of physiology which treats of the
elements, or principles, composing animal tissues.
2. (Logic) The doctrine of the elementary requisites of mere
thought. --Sir W. Hamilton.
3. The statement or discussion of the first principles of any
science or art.
Stoichiometric \Stoi`chi*o*met"ric\, Stoichiometrical
\Stoi`chi*o*met"ric*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to stoichiometry; employed in, or obtained
by, stoichiometry.
Stoichiometry \Stoi`chi*om"e*try\, n. [Gr. ? a first principle,
or element + -metry.]
The art or process of calculating the atomic proportions,
combining weights, and other numerical relations of chemical
elements and their compounds.
Stoicism \Sto"i*cism\, n. [Cf. F. sto["i]cisme.]
1. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics.
2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain;
insensibility; impassiveness.
Stoicity \Sto*ic"i*ty\, n.
Stoicism. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Stoke \Stoke\, v. t. [OE. stoken, fr. D. stoken, fr. stok a
stick (cf. OF. estoquier to thrust, stab; of Teutonic origin,
and akin to D. stok). See {Stock}.]
1. To stick; to thrust; to stab. [Obs.]
Nor short sword for to stoke, with point biting.
--Chaucer.
2. To poke or stir up, as a fire; hence, to tend, as the fire
of a furnace, boiler, etc.
Stoke \Stoke\, v. i.
To poke or stir up a fire; hence, to tend the fires of
furnaces, steamers, etc.
Stokehole \Stoke"hole`\, n.
The mouth to the grate of a furnace; also, the space in front
of the furnace, where the stokers stand.
Stoker \Stok"er\, n. [D. See {Stoke}, v. t.]
1. One who is employed to tend a furnace and supply it with
fuel, especially the furnace of a locomotive or of a
marine steam boiler; also, a machine for feeding fuel to a
fire.
2. A fire poker. [R.] --C. Richardson (Dict.).
Stokey \Sto"key\, a.
Close; sultry. [Prov. Eng.]
Stola \Sto"la\, n.; pl. {Stol[ae]}. [L. See {Stole} a garment.]
(Rom. Antiq.)
A long garment, descending to the ankles, worn by Roman
women.
The stola was not allowed to be worn by courtesans, or
by women who had been divorced from their husbands.
--Fairholt.
Stole \Stole\,
imp. of {Steal}.
Stole \Stole\, n. [L. stolo, -onis.] (Bot.)
A stolon.
Stole \Stole\, n. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. ? a stole, garment,
equipment, fr. ? to set, place, equip, send, akin to E.
stall. See {Stall}.]
1. A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. --Spenser.
But when mild morn, in saffron stole, First issues
from her eastern goal. --T. Warton.
2. (Eccl.) A narrow band of silk or stuff, sometimes enriched
with embroidery and jewels, worn on the left shoulder of
deacons, and across both shoulders of bishops and priests,
pendent on each side nearly to the ground. At Mass, it is
worn crossed on the breast by priests. It is used in
various sacred functions.
{Groom of the stole}, the first lord of the bedchamber in the
royal household. [Eng.] --Brande & C.
Stoled \Stoled\, a.
Having or wearing a stole.
After them flew the prophets, brightly stoled In
shining lawn. --G. Fletcher.
Stolen \Stol"en\,
p. p. of {Steal}.
Stolid \Stol"id\, a. [L. stolidus.]
Hopelessly insensible or stupid; not easily aroused or
excited; dull; impassive; foolish.
Stolidity \Sto*lid"i*ty\, n. [L. stoliditas.]
The state or quality of being stolid; dullness of intellect;
obtuseness; stupidity.
Indocile, intractable fools, whose stolidity can baffle
all arguments, and be proof against demonstration
itself. --Bentley.
Stolidness \Stol"id*ness\, n.
Same as {Stolidity}.
Stolon \Sto"lon\, n. [L. stolo, -onis: cf. F. stolon. Cf.
{Stole} a stolon, 1st {Stool}.]
1. (Bot.) A trailing branch which is disposed to take root at
the end or at the joints; a stole.
2. (Zo["o]l.) An extension of the integument of the body, or
of the body wall, from which buds are developed, giving
rise to new zooids, and thus forming a compound animal in
which the zooids usually remain united by the stolons.
Such stolons are often present in Anthozoa, Hydroidea,
Bryozoa, and social ascidians. See Illust. under
{Scyphistoma}.
Stoloniferous \Stol`o*nif"er*ous\, a. [Stolon + -ferous: cf. F.
stolonif[`e]re.]
Producing stolons; putting forth suckers.
Stoma \Sto"ma\, n.; pl. {Stomata}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, a mouth.]
1. (Anat.) One of the minute apertures between the cells in
many serous membranes.
2. (Bot.)
(a) The minute breathing pores of leaves or other organs
opening into the intercellular spaces, and usually
bordered by two contractile cells.
(b) The line of dehiscence of the sporangium of a fern. It
is usually marked by two transversely elongated cells.
See Illust. of {Sporangium}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A stigma. See {Stigma}, n., 6
(a) &
(b) .
Stomach \Stom"ach\, n. [OE. stomak, F. estomac, L. stomachus,
fr. Gr. sto`machos stomach, throat, gullet, fr. sto`ma a
mouth, any outlet or entrance.]
1. (Anat.) An enlargement, or series of enlargements, in the
anterior part of the alimentary canal, in which food is
digested; any cavity in which digestion takes place in an
animal; a digestive cavity. See {Digestion}, and {Gastric
juice}, under {Gastric}.
2. The desire for food caused by hunger; appetite; as, a good
stomach for roast beef. --Shak.
3. Hence appetite in general; inclination; desire.
He which hath no stomach to this fight, Let him
depart. --Shak.
4. Violence of temper; anger; sullenness; resentment; willful
obstinacy; stubbornness. [Obs.]
Stern was his look, and full of stomach vain.
--Spenser.
This sort of crying proceeding from pride,
obstinacy, and stomach, the will, where the fault
lies, must be bent. --Locke.
5. Pride; haughtiness; arrogance. [Obs.]
He was a man Of an unbounded stomach. --Shak.
{Stomach pump} (Med.), a small pump or syringe with a
flexible tube, for drawing liquids from the stomach, or
for injecting them into it.
{Stomach tube} (Med.), a long flexible tube for introduction
into the stomach.
{Stomach worm} (Zo["o]l.), the common roundworm ({Ascaris
lumbricoides}) found in the human intestine, and rarely in
the stomach.
Stomach \Stom"ach\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stomached}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Stomaching}.] [Cf. L. stomachari, v.t. & i., to be
angry or vexed at a thing.]
1. To resent; to remember with anger; to dislike. --Shak.
The lion began to show his teeth, and to stomach the
affront. --L'Estrange.
The Parliament sit in that body . . . to be his
counselors and dictators, though he stomach it.
--Milton.
2. To bear without repugnance; to brook. [Colloq.]
Stomach \Stom"ach\, v. i.
To be angry. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Stomachal \Stom"ach*al\, a. [Cf. F. stomacal.]
1. Of or pertaining to the stomach; gastric.
2. Helping the stomach; stomachic; cordial.
Stomachal \Stom"ach*al\, n.
A stomachic. --Dunglison.
Stomacher \Stom"ach*er\, n.
1. One who stomachs.
2. (? or ?) An ornamental covering for the breast, worn
originally both by men and women. Those worn by women were
often richly decorated.
A stately lady in a diamond stomacher. --Johnson.
Stomachful \Stom"ach*ful\, a.
Willfully obstinate; stubborn; perverse. [Obs.] --
{Stom"ach*ful*ly}, adv. [Obs.] -- {Stom"ach*ful*ness}, n.
[Obs.]
Stomachic \Sto*mach"ic\, Stomachical \Sto*mach"ic*al\, a. [L.
stomachicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. stomachique.]
1. Of or pertaining to the stomach; as, stomachic vessels.
2. Strengthening to the stomach; exciting the action of the
stomach; stomachal; cordial.
Stomachic \Sto*mach"ic\, n. (Med.)
A medicine that strengthens the stomach and excites its
action.
Stomaching \Stom"ach*ing\, n.
Resentment. [Obs.]
Stomachless \Stom"ach*less\, a.
1. Being without a stomach.
2. Having no appetite. [R.] --Bp. Hall.
Stomachous \Stom"ach*ous\, a. [L. stomachosus angry, peexish.
See {Stomach}.]
Stout; sullen; obstinate. [Obs.]
With stern looks and stomachous disdain. --Spenser.
Stomachy \Stom"ach*y\, a.
Obstinate; sullen; haughty.
A little, bold, solemn, stomachy man, a great professor
of piety. --R. L.
Stevenson.
Stomapod \Sto"ma*pod\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Stomapoda.
Stomapoda \Sto*map"o*da\, n. pl. [NL. See {Stoma}, and {-poda}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An order of Crustacea including the squillas. The maxillipeds
are leglike in form, and the large claws are comblike. They
have a large and elongated abdomen, which contains a part of
the stomach and heart; the abdominal appendages are large,
and bear the gills. Called also {Gastrula}, {Stomatopoda},
and {Squilloidea}.
Stomate \Sto"mate\, n. (Bot.)
A stoma.
Stomatic \Sto*mat"ic\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a stoma; of the nature of a stoma.
Stomatic \Sto*mat"ic\, n. [Gr. sto`ma, -atos, mouth.] (Med.)
A medicine for diseases of the mouth. --Dunglison.
Stomatiferous \Stom`a*tif"er*ous\, a. [Gr. sto`ma, -atos mouth +
-ferous.]
Having or producing stomata.
Stomatitis \Stom`a*ti"tis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. sto`ma, -atos,
mouth + -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the mouth.
Stomatoda \Stom`a*to"da\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, mouth.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A division of Protozoa in which a mouthlike opening exists.
Stomatodaeum \Stom`a*to*d[ae]"um\, n. (Anat.)
Same as {Stomod[ae]um}.
Stomatode \Stom"a*tode\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having a mouth; -- applied to certain Protozoa. -- n. One of
the Stomatoda.
Stomatogastric \Stom`a*to*gas"tric\, a. [Gr. ?, ?, mouth + E.
gastric.]
Of or pertaining to the mouth and the stomach; as, the
stomatogastric ganglion of certain Mollusca.
Stomatoplastic \Stom`a*to*plas"tic\, a. [Gr. ?, ?, mouth +
-plastic.] (Med.)
Of or pertaining to the operation of forming a mouth where
the aperture has been contracted, or in any way deformed.
Stomatopod \Stom"a*to*pod\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Stomatopoda.
Stomatopoda \Stom`a*top"o*da\, n. pl. [NL. See {Stoma}, and
{-pod}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Stomapoda}.
Stomatopodous \Stom`a*top"o*dous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Stomatopoda.
Stomatoscope \Stom"a*to*scope\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, mouth + -scope.]
(Med.)
An apparatus for examining the interior of the mouth.
Stomatous \Stom"a*tous\, a.
Having a stoma.
Stomodaeum \Stom`o*d[ae]"um\, n. [NL., from Gr. ?, ?, mouth + ?
to divide.]
1. (Anat.) A part of the alimentary canal. See under
{Mesenteron}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The primitive mouth and esophagus of the embryo
of annelids and arthropods.
Stomp \Stomp\, v. i. [See {Stamp}.]
To stamp with the foot. [Colloq.] ``In gallant procession,
the priests mean to stomp.'' --R. Browning.
Stond \Stond\, n. [For stand.]
1. Stop; halt; hindrance. [Obs.] --Bacon.
2. A stand; a post; a station. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Stond \Stond\, v. i.
To stand. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Stone \Stone\, n. [OE. ston, stan, AS. st[=a]n; akin to OS. &
OFries. st[=e]n, D. steen, G. stein, Icel. steinn, Sw. sten,
Dan. steen, Goth. stains, Russ. stiena a wall, Gr. ?, ?, a
pebble. [root]167. Cf. {Steen}.]
1. Concreted earthy or mineral matter; also, any particular
mass of such matter; as, a house built of stone; the boy
threw a stone; pebbles are rounded stones. ``Dumb as a
stone.'' --Chaucer.
They had brick for stone, and slime . . . for
mortar. --Gen. xi. 3.
Note: In popular language, very large masses of stone are
called rocks; small masses are called stones; and the
finer kinds, gravel, or sand, or grains of sand. Stone
is much and widely used in the construction of
buildings of all kinds, for walls, fences, piers,
abutments, arches, monuments, sculpture, and the like.
2. A precious stone; a gem. ``Many a rich stone.'' --Chaucer.
``Inestimable stones, unvalued jewels.'' --Shak.
3. Something made of stone. Specifically:
(a) The glass of a mirror; a mirror. [Obs.]
Lend me a looking-glass; If that her breath will
mist or stain the stone, Why, then she lives.
--Shak.
(b) A monument to the dead; a gravestone. --Gray.
Should some relenting eye Glance on the where
our cold relics lie. --Pope.
4. (Med.) A calculous concretion, especially one in the
kidneys or bladder; the disease arising from a calculus.
5. One of the testes; a testicle. --Shak.
6. (Bot.) The hard endocarp of drupes; as, the stone of a
cherry or peach. See Illust. of {Endocarp}.
7. A weight which legally is fourteen pounds, but in practice
varies with the article weighed. [Eng.]
Note: The stone of butchers' meat or fish is reckoned at 8
lbs.; of cheese, 16 lbs.; of hemp, 32 lbs.; of glass, 5
lbs.
8. Fig.: Symbol of hardness and insensibility; torpidness;
insensibility; as, a heart of stone.
I have not yet forgot myself to stone. --Pope.
9. (Print.) A stand or table with a smooth, flat top of
stone, commonly marble, on which to arrange the pages of a
book, newspaper, etc., before printing; -- called also
{imposing stone}.
Note: Stone is used adjectively or in composition with other
words to denote made of stone, containing a stone or
stones, employed on stone, or, more generally, of or
pertaining to stone or stones; as, stone fruit, or
stone-fruit; stone-hammer, or stone hammer; stone
falcon, or stone-falcon. Compounded with some
adjectives it denotes a degree of the quality expressed
by the adjective equal to that possessed by a stone;
as, stone-dead, stone-blind, stone-cold, stone-still,
etc.
{Atlantic stone}, ivory. [Obs.] ``Citron tables, or Atlantic
stone.'' --Milton.
{Bowing stone}. Same as {Cromlech}. --Encyc. Brit.
{Meteoric stones}, stones which fall from the atmosphere, as
after the explosion of a meteor.
{Philosopher's stone}. See under {Philosopher}.
{Rocking stone}. See {Rocking-stone}.
{Stone age}, a supposed prehistoric age of the world when
stone and bone were habitually used as the materials for
weapons and tools; -- called also {flint age}. The {bronze
age} succeeded to this.
{Stone bass} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of marine
food fishes of the genus {Serranus} and allied genera, as
{Serranus Couchii}, and {Polyprion cernium} of Europe; --
called also {sea perch}.
{Stone biter} (Zo["o]l.), the wolf fish.
{Stone boiling}, a method of boiling water or milk by
dropping hot stones into it, -- in use among savages.
--Tylor.
{Stone borer} (Zo["o]l.), any animal that bores stones;
especially, one of certain bivalve mollusks which burrow
in limestone. See {Lithodomus}, and {Saxicava}.
{Stone bramble} (Bot.), a European trailing species of
bramble ({Rubus saxatilis}).
{Stone-break}. [Cf. G. steinbrech.] (Bot.) Any plant of the
genus {Saxifraga}; saxifrage.
{Stone bruise}, a sore spot on the bottom of the foot, from a
bruise by a stone.
{Stone canal}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Sand canal}, under {Sand}.
{Stone cat} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small
fresh-water North American catfishes of the genus
{Noturus}. They have sharp pectoral spines with which they
inflict painful wounds.
{Stone coal}, hard coal; mineral coal; anthracite coal.
{Stone coral} (Zo["o]l.), any hard calcareous coral.
{Stone crab}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A large crab ({Menippe mercenaria}) found on the
southern coast of the United States and much used as
food.
(b) A European spider crab ({Lithodes maia}).
{Stone crawfish} (Zo["o]l.), a European crawfish ({Astacus
torrentium}), by many writers considered only a variety of
the common species ({A. fluviatilis}).
{Stone curlew}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A large plover found in Europe ({Edicnemus
crepitans}). It frequents stony places. Called also
{thick-kneed plover} or {bustard}, and {thick-knee}.
(b) The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.]
(c) The willet. [Local, U.S.]
{Stone crush}. Same as {Stone bruise}, above.
{Stone eater}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Stone borer}, above.
{Stone falcon} (Zo["o]l.), the merlin.
{Stone fern} (Bot.), a European fern ({Asplenium Ceterach})
which grows on rocks and walls.
{Stone fly} (Zo["o]l.), any one of many species of
pseudoneuropterous insects of the genus {Perla} and allied
genera; a perlid. They are often used by anglers for bait.
The larv[ae] are aquatic.
{Stone fruit} (Bot.), any fruit with a stony endocarp; a
drupe, as a peach, plum, or cherry.
{Stone grig} (Zo["o]l.), the mud lamprey, or pride.
{Stone hammer}, a hammer formed with a face at one end, and a
thick, blunt edge, parallel with the handle, at the other,
-- used for breaking stone.
{Stone hawk} (Zo["o]l.), the merlin; -- so called from its
habit of sitting on bare stones.
{Stone jar}, a jar made of stoneware.
{Stone lily} (Paleon.), a fossil crinoid.
{Stone lugger}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Stone roller}, below.
{Stone marten} (Zo["o]l.), a European marten ({Mustela
foina}) allied to the pine marten, but having a white
throat; -- called also {beech marten}.
{Stone mason}, a mason who works or builds in stone.
{Stone-mortar} (Mil.), a kind of large mortar formerly used
in sieges for throwing a mass of small stones short
distances.
{Stone oil}, rock oil, petroleum.
{Stone parsley} (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant ({Seseli
Labanotis}). See under {Parsley}.
{Stone pine}. (Bot.) A nut pine. See the Note under {Pine},
and {Pi[~n]on}.
{Stone pit}, a quarry where stones are dug.
{Stone pitch}, hard, inspissated pitch.
{Stone plover}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European stone curlew.
(b) Any one of several species of Asiatic plovers of the
genus {Esacus}; as, the large stone plover ({E.
recurvirostris}).
(c) The gray or black-bellied plover. [Prov. Eng.]
(d) The ringed plover.
(e) The bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.] Also applied to
other species of limicoline birds.
{Stone roller}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An American fresh-water fish ({Catostomus nigricans})
of the Sucker family. Its color is yellowish olive,
often with dark blotches. Called also {stone lugger},
{stone toter}, {hog sucker}, {hog mullet}.
(b) A common American cyprinoid fish ({Campostoma
anomalum}); -- called also {stone lugger}.
{Stone's cast}, or {Stone's throw}, the distance to which a
stone may be thrown by the hand.
{Stone snipe} (Zo["o]l.), the greater yellowlegs, or tattler.
[Local, U.S.]
{Stone toter}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) See {Stone roller}
(a), above.
(b) A cyprinoid fish ({Exoglossum maxillingua}) found in
the rivers from Virginia to New York. It has a
three-lobed lower lip; -- called also {cutlips}.
{To leave no stone unturned}, to do everything that can be
done; to use all practicable means to effect an object.
Stone \Stone\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stoned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stoning}.] [From {Stone}, n.: cf. AS. st?nan, Goth.
stainjan.]
1. To pelt, beat, or kill with stones.
And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and
saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. --Acts vii.
59.
2. To make like stone; to harden.
O perjured woman! thou dost stone my heart. --Shak.
3. To free from stones; also, to remove the seeds of; as, to
stone a field; to stone cherries; to stone raisins.
4. To wall or face with stones; to line or fortify with
stones; as, to stone a well; to stone a cellar.
5. To rub, scour, or sharpen with a stone.
Stonebird \Stone"bird`\, n.
The yellowlegs; -- called also {stone snipe}. See {Tattler},
2. [Local, U.S.]
Stone-blind \Stone"-blind`\, a.
As blind as a stone; completely blind.
Stonebow \Stone"bow`\, n.
A kind of crossbow formerly used for shooting stones. --Shak.
Stonebrash \Stone"brash`\, n.
A subsoil made up of small stones or finely-broken rock;
brash.
Stonebrearer \Stone"brear`er\, n.
A machine for crushing or hammering stone. --Knight.
Stonebuck \Stone"buck`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Steinbock}.
Stonechat \Stone"chat`\, n. [Stone + chat.] [So called from the
similarity of its alarm note to the clicking together of two
pebbles.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small, active, and very common European singing bird
({Pratincola rubicola}); -- called also {chickstone},
{stonechacker}, {stonechatter}, {stoneclink},
{stonesmith}.
(b) The wheatear.
(c) The blue titmouse.
Note: The name is sometimes applied to various species of
{Saxicola}, {Pratincola}, and allied genera; as, the
pied stonechat of India ({Saxicola picata}).
Stone-cold \Stone"-cold`\, a.
Cold as a stone.
Stone-cold without, within burnt with love's flame.
--Fairfax.
Stonecray \Stone"cray`\, n. [Stone + F. craie chalk, L. creta.]
A distemper in hawks.
Stonecrop \Stone"crop`\, n. [AS. st[=a]ncropp.]
1. A sort of tree. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
2. (Bot.) Any low succulent plant of the genus {Sedum}, esp.
{Sedum acre}, which is common on bare rocks in Europe, and
is spreading in parts of America. See {Orpine}.
{Virginian}, or {Ditch}, {stonecrop}, an American plant
({Penthorum sedoides}).
Stonecutter \Stone"cut`ter\, n.
One whose occupation is to cut stone; also, a machine for
dressing stone.
Stonecutting \Stone"cut`ting\, n.
Hewing or dressing stone.
Stone-dead \Stone"-dead`\, a.
As dead as a stone.
Stone-deaf \Stone"-deaf`\, a.
As deaf as a stone; completely deaf.
Stonegall \Stone"gall`\, n. [Cf. D. steengal, G. steingall. See
{Stannel}.] (Zo["o]l.)
See {Stannel}. [Prov. Eng.]
Stonehatch \Stone"hatch`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The ring plover, or dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]
Stone-hearted \Stone"-heart`ed\, a.
Hard-hearted; cruel; pitiless; unfeeling.
Stonehenge \Stone"henge\, n.
An assemblage of upright stones with others placed
horizontally on their tops, on Salisbury Plain, England, --
generally supposed to be the remains of an ancient Druidical
temple.
Stone-horse \Stone"-horse`\, n.
Stallion. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
Stoner \Ston"er\, n.
1. One who stones; one who makes an assault with stones.
2. One who walls with stones.
Stoneroot \Stone"root`\, n. (Bot.)
A North American plant ({Collinsonia Canadensis}) having a
very hard root; horse balm. See {Horse balm}, under {Horse}.
Stonerunner \Stone"run`ner\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The ring plover, or the ringed dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) The dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]
Stonesmickle \Stone"smic`kle\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The stonechat; -- called also {stonesmitch}. [Prov. Eng.]
Stone-still \Stone"-still`\, a.
As still as a stone. --Shak.
Stoneware \Stone"ware`\, n.
A species of coarse potter's ware, glazed and baked.
Stoneweed \Stone"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus {Lithospermum}, herbs having a fruit
composed of four stony nutlets.
Stonework \Stone"work`\, n.
Work or wall consisting of stone; mason's work of stone.
--Mortimer.
Stonewort \Stone"wort`\, n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus Chara; -- so called because they are
often incrusted with carbonate of lime. See {Chara}.
Stonily \Ston"i*ly\, adv.
In a stony manner.
Stoniness \Ston"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stony.
Stonish \Ston"ish\, a.
Stony. [R.] ``Possessed with stonish insensibility.''
--Robynson (More's Utopia).
Stont \Stont\, obs.
3d pers. sing. present of {Stand}.
Stony \Ston"y\, a. [Compar. {Stonier}; superl. {Stoniest}.] [AS.
st[=a]nig. See {Stone}.]
1. Of or pertaining to stone, consisting of, or abounding in,
stone or stones; resembling stone; hard; as, a stony
tower; a stony cave; stony ground; a stony crust.
2. Converting into stone; petrifying; petrific.
The stony dart of senseless cold. --Spenser.
3. Inflexible; cruel; unrelenting; pitiless; obdurate;
perverse; cold; morally hard; appearing as if petrified;
as, a stony heart; a stony gaze.
{Stony coral}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Stone coral}, under
{Stone}.
Stood \Stood\,
imp. & p. p. of {Stand}.
Stook \Stook\, n. [Scot. stook, stouk; cf. LG. stuke a heap,
bundle, G. stauche a truss, bundle of flax.] (Agric.)
A small collection of sheaves set up in the field; a shock;
in England, twelve sheaves.
Stook \Stook\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stooked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stooking}.] (Agric.)
To set up, as sheaves of grain, in stooks.
Stool \Stool\, n. [L. stolo. See {Stolon}.] (Hort.)
A plant from which layers are propagated by bending its
branches into the soil. --P. Henderson.
Stool \Stool\, v. i. (Agric.)
To ramfy; to tiller, as grain; to shoot out suckers. --R. D.
Blackmore.
Stool \Stool\, n. [AS. st[=o]l a seat; akin to OFries. & OS.
st[=o]l, D. stoel, G. stuhl, OHG. stuol, Icel. st[=o]ll, Sw.
& Dan. stol, Goth. st[=o]ls, Lith. stalas a table, Russ.
stol'; from the root of E. stand. [root]163. See {Stand}, and
cf. {Fauteuil}.]
1. A single seat with three or four legs and without a back,
made in various forms for various uses.
2. A seat used in evacuating the bowels; hence, an
evacuation; a discharge from the bowels.
3. A stool pigeon, or decoy bird. [U. S.]
4. (Naut.) A small channel on the side of a vessel, for the
dead-eyes of the backstays. --Totten.
5. A bishop's seat or see; a bishop-stool. --J. P. Peters.
6. A bench or form for resting the feet or the knees; a
footstool; as, a kneeling stool.
7. Material, such as oyster shells, spread on the sea bottom
for oyster spat to adhere to. [Local, U.S.]
{Stool of a window}, or {Window stool} (Arch.), the flat
piece upon which the window shuts down, and which
corresponds to the sill of a door; in the United States,
the narrow shelf fitted on the inside against the actual
sill upon which the sash descends. This is called a window
seat when broad and low enough to be used as a seat.
{Stool of repentance}, the cuttystool. [Scot.]
{Stool pigeon}, a pigeon used as a decoy to draw others
within a net; hence, a person used as a decoy for others.
Stoolball \Stool"ball`\, n.
A kind of game with balls, formerly common in England, esp.
with young women.
Nausicaa With other virgins did at stoolball play.
--Chapman.
Stoom \Stoom\, v. t. [D. stommen to adulterate, to drug (wine).
[root]163. Cf. {Stum}.]
To stum. [R.]
Stoop \Stoop\, n. [D. stoep.] (Arch.)
Originally, a covered porch with seats, at a house door; the
Dutch stoep as introduced by the Dutch into New York.
Afterward, an out-of-door flight of stairs of from seven to
fourteen steps, with platform and parapets, leading to an
entrance door some distance above the street; the French
perron. Hence, any porch, platform, entrance stairway, or
small veranda, at a house door. [U. S.]
Stoop \Stoop\, n. [OE. stope, Icel. staup; akin to AS. ste['a]p,
D. stoop, G. stauf, OHG. stouph.]
A vessel of liquor; a flagon. [Written also {stoup}.]
Fetch me a stoop of liquor. --Shak.
Stoop \Stoop\, n. [Cf. Icel. staup a knobby lump.]
A post fixed in the earth. [Prov. Eng.]
Stoop \Stoop\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Stooped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stooping}.] [OE. stoupen; akin to AS. st?pian, OD. stuypen,
Icel. st[=u]pa, Sw. stupa to fall, to tilt. Cf 5th {Steep}.]
1. To bend the upper part of the body downward and forward;
to bend or lean forward; to incline forward in standing or
walking; to assume habitually a bent position.
2. To yield; to submit; to bend, as by compulsion; to assume
a position of humility or subjection.
Mighty in her ships stood Carthage long, . . . Yet
stooped to Rome, less wealthy, but more strong.
--Dryden.
These are arts, my prince, In which your Zama does
not stoop to Rome. --Addison.
3. To descend from rank or dignity; to condescend. ``She
stoops to conquer.'' --Goldsmith.
Where men of great wealth stoop to husbandry, it
multiplieth riches exceedingly. --Bacon.
4. To come down as a hawk does on its prey; to pounce; to
souse; to swoop.
The bird of Jove, stooped from his a["e]ry tour, Two
birds of gayest plume before him drove. --Milton.
5. To sink when on the wing; to alight.
And stoop with closing pinions from above. --Dryden.
Cowering low With blandishment, each bird stooped on
his wing. --Milton.
Syn: To lean; yield; submit; condescend; descend; cower;
shrink.
Stoop \Stoop\, v. t.
1. To bend forward and downward; to bow down; as, to stoop
the body. ``Have stooped my neck.'' --Shak.
2. To cause to incline downward; to slant; as, to stoop a
cask of liquor.
3. To cause to submit; to prostrate. [Obs.]
Many of those whose states so tempt thine ears Are
stooped by death; and many left alive. --Chapman.
4. To degrade. [Obs.] --Shak.
Stoop \Stoop\, n.
1. The act of stooping, or bending the body forward;
inclination forward; also, an habitual bend of the back
and shoulders.
2. Descent, as from dignity or superiority; condescension; an
act or position of humiliation.
Can any loyal subject see With patience such a stoop
from sovereignty? --Dryden.
3. The fall of a bird on its prey; a swoop. --L'Estrange.
Stooper \Stoop"er\, n.
One who stoops.
Stooping \Stoop"ing\,
a. & n. from {Stoop}. -- {Stoop"ing*ly}, adv.
Stoor \Stoor\, v. i. [Cf. D. storen to disturb. Cf. {Stir}.]
To rise in clouds, as dust. [Prov. Eng.]
Stoor \Stoor\, Stor \Stor\, a. [AS. st[=o]r; akin to LG. stur,
Icel. st[=o]rr.]
Strong; powerful; hardy; bold; audacious. [Obs. or Scot.]
O stronge lady stoor, what doest thou? --Chaucer.
Stop \Stop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stopped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stopping}.] [OE. stoppen, AS. stoppian (in comp.); akin to
LG. & D. stoppen, G. stopfen, Icel. stoppa, Sw. stoppa, Dan.
stoppe; all probably fr. LL. stopare, stupare, fr. L. stuppa
the coarse part of flax, tow, oakum. Cf. {Estop}, {Stuff},
{Stupe} a fomentation.]
1. To close, as an aperture, by filling or by obstructing;
as, to stop the ears; hence, to stanch, as a wound.
--Shak.
2. To obstruct; to render impassable; as, to stop a way,
road, or passage.
3. To arrest the progress of; to hinder; to impede; to shut
in; as, to stop a traveler; to stop the course of a
stream, or a flow of blood.
4. To hinder from acting or moving; to prevent the effect or
efficiency of; to cause to cease; to repress; to restrain;
to suppress; to interrupt; to suspend; as, to stop the
execution of a decree, the progress of vice, the
approaches of old age or infirmity.
Whose disposition all the world well knows Will not
be rubbed nor stopped. --Shak.
5. (Mus.) To regulate the sounds of, as musical strings, by
pressing them against the finger board with the finger, or
by shortening in any way the vibrating part.
6. To point, as a composition; to punctuate. [R.]
If his sentences were properly stopped. --Landor.
7. (Naut.) To make fast; to stopper.
Syn: To obstruct; hinder; impede; repress; suppress;
restrain; discontinue; delay; interrupt.
{To stop off} (Founding), to fill (a part of a mold) with
sand, where a part of the cavity left by the pattern is
not wanted for the casting.
{To stop the mouth}. See under {Mouth}.
Stop \Stop\, v. i.
1. To cease to go on; to halt, or stand still; to come to a
stop.
He bites his lip, and starts; Stops on a sudden,
looks upon the ground; Then lays his finger on his
temple: strait Springs out into fast gait; then
stops again. --Shak.
2. To cease from any motion, or course of action.
Stop, while ye may, suspend your mad career!
--Cowper.
3. To spend a short time; to reside temporarily; to stay; to
tarry; as, to stop with a friend. [Colloq.]
By stopping at home till the money was gone. --R. D.
Blackmore.
{To stop over}, to stop at a station beyond the time of the
departure of the train on which one came, with the purpose
of continuing one's journey on a subsequent train; to
break one's journey. [Railroad Cant, U.S.]
Stop \Stop\, n.
1. The act of stopping, or the state of being stopped;
hindrance of progress or of action; cessation; repression;
interruption; check; obstruction.
It is doubtful . . . whether it contributed anything
to the stop of the infection. --De Foe.
Occult qualities put a stop to the improvement of
natural philosophy. --Sir I.
Newton.
It is a great step toward the mastery of our desires
to give this stop to them. --Locke.
2. That which stops, impedes, or obstructs; as obstacle; an
impediment; an obstruction.
A fatal stop traversed their headlong course.
--Daniel.
So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal
to oppose some stop to the rising torrent. --Rogers.
3. (Mach.) A device, or piece, as a pin, block, pawl, etc.,
for arresting or limiting motion, or for determining the
position to which another part shall be brought.
4. (Mus.)
(a) The closing of an aperture in the air passage, or
pressure of the finger upon the string, of an
instrument of music, so as to modify the tone; hence,
any contrivance by which the sounds of a musical
instrument are regulated.
The organ sound a time survives the stop.
--Daniel.
(b) In the organ, one of the knobs or handles at each side
of the organist, by which he can draw on or shut off
any register or row of pipes; the register itself; as,
the vox humana stop.
5. (Arch.) A member, plain or molded, formed of a separate
piece and fixed to a jamb, against which a door or window
shuts. This takes the place, or answers the purpose, of a
rebate. Also, a pin or block to prevent a drawer from
sliding too far.
6. A point or mark in writing or printing intended to
distinguish the sentences, parts of a sentence, or
clauses; a mark of punctuation. See {Punctuation}.
7. (Opt.) The diaphragm used in optical instruments to cut
off the marginal portions of a beam of light passing
through lenses.
8. (Zo["o]l.) The depression in the face of a dog between the
skull and the nasal bones. It is conspicuous in the
bulldog, pug, and some other breeds.
9. (Phonetics) Some part of the articulating organs, as the
lips, or the tongue and palate, closed
(a) so as to cut off the passage of breath or voice
through the mouth and the nose (distinguished as a
lip-stop, or a front-stop, etc., as in p, t, d, etc.),
or
(b) so as to obstruct, but not entirely cut off, the
passage, as in l, n, etc.; also, any of the consonants
so formed. --H. Sweet.
{Stop bead} (Arch.), the molding screwed to the inner side of
a window frame, on the face of the pulley stile,
completing the groove in which the inner sash is to slide.
{Stop motion} (Mach.), an automatic device for arresting the
motion of a machine, as when a certain operation is
completed, or when an imperfection occurs in its
performance or product, or in the material which is
supplied to it, etc.
{Stop plank}, one of a set of planks employed to form a sort
of dam in some hydraulic works.
{Stop valve}, a valve that can be closed or opened at will,
as by hand, for preventing or regulating flow, as of a
liquid in a pipe; -- in distinction from a valve which is
operated by the action of the fluid it restrains.
{Stop watch}, a watch the hands of which can be stopped in
order to tell exactly the time that has passed, as in
timing a race. See {Independent seconds watch}, under
{Independent}, a.
Syn: Cessation; check; obstruction; obstacle; hindrance;
impediment; interruption.
Stopcock \Stop"cock`\, n.
1. A bib, faucet, or short pipe, fitted with a turning
stopper or plug for permitting or restraining the flow of
a liquid or gas; a cock or valve for checking or
regulating the flow of water, gas, etc., through or from a
pipe, etc.
2. The turning plug, stopper, or spigot of a faucet. [R.]
Stope \Stope\, n. [Cf. {Step}, n. & v. i.] (Mining)
A horizontal working forming one of a series, the working
faces of which present the appearance of a flight of steps.
Stope \Stope\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stoped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stoping}.] (Mining)
(a) To excavate in the form of stopes.
(b) To fill in with rubbish, as a space from which the ore
has been worked out.
Stope \Stope\, Stopen \Sto"pen\, p. p. of {Step}.
Stepped; gone; advanced. [Obs.]
A poor widow, somedeal stope in age. --Chaucer.
Stop-gap \Stop"-gap`\, n.
That which closes or fills up an opening or gap; hence, a
temporary expedient.
Moral prejudices are the stop-gaps of virtue. --Hare.
Stoping \Stop"ing\, n. (Mining)
The act of excavating in the form of stopes.
Stopless \Stop"less\, a.
Not to be stopped. --Davenant.
Stop-over \Stop"-o`ver\, a.
Permitting one to stop over; as, a stop-over check or ticket.
See {To stop over}, under {Stop}, v. i. [Railroad Cant, U.S.]
Stoppage \Stop"page\, n.
The act of stopping, or arresting progress, motion, or
action; also, the state of being stopped; as, the stoppage of
the circulation of the blood; the stoppage of commerce.
Stopped \Stopped\, a. (Phonetics)
Made by complete closure of the mouth organs; shut; -- said
of certain consonants (p, b, t, d, etc.). --H. Sweet.
Stopper \Stop"per\, n.
1. One who stops, closes, shuts, or hinders; that which stops
or obstructs; that which closes or fills a vent or hole in
a vessel.
2. (Naut.) A short piece of rope having a knot at one or both
ends, with a lanyard under the knot, -- used to secure
something. --Totten.
3. (Bot.) A name to several trees of the genus Eugenia, found
in Florida and the West Indies; as, the red stopper. See
{Eugenia}. --C. S. Sargent.
{Ring stopper} (Naut.), a short rope or chain passing through
the anchor ring, to secure the anchor to the cathead.
{Stopper bolt} (Naut.), a large ringbolt in a ship's deck, to
which the deck stoppers are hooked.
Stopper \Stop"per\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stoppered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Stoppering}.]
To close or secure with a stopper.
Stopping \Stop"ping\, n.
1. Material for filling a cavity.
2. (Mining) A partition or door to direct or prevent a
current of air.
3. (Far.) A pad or poultice of dung or other material applied
to a horse's hoof to keep it moist. --Youatt.
Stopping-out \Stop"ping-out`\, n.
A method adopted in etching, to keep the acid from those
parts which are already sufficiently corroded, by applying
varnish or other covering matter with a brush, but allowing
the acid to act on the other parts.
Stopple \Stop"ple\, n. [Cf. G. st["o]pfel, st["o]psel. See
{Stop}, n. & v. t.]
That which stops or closes the mouth of a vessel; a stopper;
as, a glass stopple; a cork stopple.
Stopple \Stop"ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stoppled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Stoppling}.]
To close the mouth of anything with a stopple, or as with a
stopple. --Cowper.
Stopship \Stop"ship`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A remora. It was fabled to stop ships by attaching itself to
them. --Sylvester.
Stor \Stor\, a.
See {Stoor}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Storage \Stor"age\, n.
1. The act of depositing in a store or warehouse for safe
keeping; also, the safe keeping of goods in a warehouse.
2. Space for the safe keeping of goods.
3. The price changed for keeping goods in a store.
{Storage battery}. (Physics) See the Note under {Battery}.
Storax \Sto"rax\, n. [L. storax, styrax, Gr. ?. Cf. {Styrax}.]
Any one of a number of similar complex resins obtained from
the bark of several trees and shrubs of the Styrax family.
The most common of these is {liquid storax}, a brown or gray
semifluid substance of an agreeable aromatic odor and
balsamic taste, sometimes used in perfumery, and in medicine
as an expectorant.
Note: A yellow aromatic honeylike substance, resembling, and
often confounded with, storax, is obtained from the
American sweet gum tree ({Liquidambar styraciflua}),
and is much used as a chewing gum, called sweet gum,
and liquid storax. Cf. {Liquidambar}.
Store \Store\, n. [OE. stor, stoor, OF. estor, provisions,
supplies, fr. estorer to store. See {Store}, v. t.]
1. That which is accumulated, or massed together; a source
from which supplies may be drawn; hence, an abundance; a
great quantity, or a great number.
The ships are fraught with store of victuals.
--Bacon.
With store of ladies, whose bright eyes Rain
influence, and give the prize. --Milton.
2. A place of deposit for goods, esp. for large quantities; a
storehouse; a warehouse; a magazine.
3. Any place where goods are sold, whether by wholesale or
retail; a shop. [U.S. & British Colonies]
4. pl. Articles, especially of food, accumulated for some
specific object; supplies, as of provisions, arms,
ammunition, and the like; as, the stores of an army, of a
ship, of a family.
His swine, his horse, his stoor, and his poultry.
--Chaucer.
{In store}, in a state of accumulation; in keeping; hence, in
a state of readiness. ``I have better news in store for
thee.'' --Shak.
{Store clothes}, clothing purchased at a shop or store; -- in
distinction from that which is home-made. [Colloq. U.S.]
{Store pay}, payment for goods or work in articles from a
shop or store, instead of money. [U.S.]
{To set store by}, to value greatly; to have a high
appreciation of.
{To tell no store of}, to make no account of; to consider of
no importance.
Syn: Fund; supply; abundance; plenty; accumulation;
provision.
Usage: {Store}, {Shop}. The English call the place where
goods are sold (however large or splendid it may be) a
shop, and confine the word store to its original
meaning; viz., a warehouse, or place where goods are
stored. In America the word store is applied to all
places, except the smallest, where goods are sold. In
some British colonies the word store is used as in the
United States.
In his needy shop a tortoise hung, An alligator stuffed,
and other skins Of ill-shaped fishes; and about his
shelves A beggarly account of empty boxes. --Shak.
Sulphurous and nitrous foam, . . . Concocted and adjusted,
they reduced To blackest grain, and into store conveyed.
--Milton.
Store \Store\, a.
Accumulated; hoarded. --Bacon.
Store \Store\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stored}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Storing}.] [OE. storen, OF. estorer to construct, restore,
store, LL. staurare, for L. instaurare to renew, restore; in
+ staurare (in comp.) Cf. {Instore}, {Instaurate}, {Restore},
{Story} a floor.]
1. To collect as a reserved supply; to accumulate; to lay
away.
Dora stored what little she could save. --Tennyson.
2. To furnish; to supply; to replenish; esp., to stock or
furnish against a future time.
Her mind with thousand virtues stored. --Prior.
Wise Plato said the world with men was stored.
--Denham.
Having stored a pond of four acres with carps,
tench, and other fish. --Sir M. Hale.
3. To deposit in a store, warehouse, or other building, for
preservation; to warehouse; as, to store goods.
Stored \Stored\, a.
Collected or accumulated as a reserve supply; as, stored
electricity.
It is charged with stored virtue. --Bagehot.
Storehouse \Store"house`\, n.
1. A building for keeping goods of any kind, especially
provisions; a magazine; a repository; a warehouse.
Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto
Egyptians. --Gen. xli.
56.
The Scripture of God is a storehouse abounding with
estimable treasures of wisdom and knowledge.
--Hooker.
2. A mass or quality laid up. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Storekeeper \Store"keep`er\, n.
1. A man in charge of stores or goods of any kind; as, a
naval storekeeper.
2. One who keeps a ``store;'' a shopkeeper. See 1st {Store},
3. [U. S.]
Storer \Stor"er\, n.
One who lays up or forms a store.
Storeroom \Store"room`\, n.
Room in a storehouse or repository; a room in which articles
are stored.
Storeship \Store"ship`\, n.
A vessel used to carry naval stores for a fleet, garrison, or
the like.
Storey \Sto"rey\, n.
See {Story}.
Storge \Stor"ge\, n. [NL., from Gr. ?, ?, to love.]
Parental affection; the instinctive affection which animals
have for their young.
Storial \Sto"ri*al\, a.
Historical. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Storied \Sto"ried\, a. [From {Story}.]
1. Told in a story.
2. Having a history; interesting from the stories which
pertain to it; venerable from the associations of the
past.
Some greedy minion, or imperious wife, The trophied
arches, storied halls, invade. --Pope.
Can storied urn, or animated bust, Back to its
mansion call the fleeting breath? --Gray.
3. Having (such or so many) stories; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a two-storied house.
Storier \Sto"ri*er\, n.
A relater of stories; an historian. [Obs.] --Bp. Peacock.
Storify \Sto"ri*fy\, v. t. [Story + -fy.]
To form or tell stories of; to narrate or describe in a
story. [Obs.]
Stork \Stork\, n. [AS. storc; akin to G. storch, OHG. storah,
Icel. storkr, Dan. & Sw. stork, and perhaps to Gr. ? a
vulture.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of large wading birds of the
family {Ciconid[ae]}, having long legs and a long, pointed
bill. They are found both in the Old World and in America,
and belong to {Ciconia} and several allied genera. The
European white stork ({Ciconia alba}) is the best known. It
commonly makes its nests on the top of a building, a chimney,
a church spire, or a pillar. The black stork ({C. nigra}) is
native of Asia, Africa, and Europe.
{Black-necked stork}, the East Indian jabiru.
{Hair-crested stork}, the smaller adjutant of India
({Leptoptilos Javanica}).
{Giant stork}, the adjutant.
{Marabou stork}. See {Marabou}. -- Saddle-billed stork, the
African jabiru. See {Jabiru}.
{Stork's bill} (Bot.), any plant of the genus {Pelargonium};
-- so called in allusion to the beaklike prolongation of
the axis of the receptacle of its flower. See
{Pelargonium}.
Stork-billed \Stork"-billed`\, a.
Having a bill like that of the stork.
Storm \Storm\, n. [AS. storm; akin to D. storm, G. sturm, Icel.
stormr; and perhaps to Gr. ? assault, onset, Skr. s? to flow,
to hasten, or perhaps to L. sternere to strew, prostrate (cf.
{Stratum}). [root]166.]
1. A violent disturbance of the atmosphere, attended by wind,
rain, snow, hail, or thunder and lightning; hence, often,
a heavy fall of rain, snow, or hail, whether accompanied
with wind or not.
We hear this fearful tempest sing, Yet seek no
shelter to avoid the storm. --Shak.
2. A violent agitation of human society; a civil, political,
or domestic commotion; sedition, insurrection, or war;
violent outbreak; clamor; tumult.
I will stir up in England some black storm. --Shak.
Her sister Began to scold and raise up such a storm.
--Shak.
3. A heavy shower or fall, any adverse outburst of tumultuous
force; violence.
A brave man struggling in the storms of fate.
--Pope.
4. (Mil.) A violent assault on a fortified place; a furious
attempt of troops to enter and take a fortified place by
scaling the walls, forcing the gates, or the like.
Note: Storm is often used in the formation of self-explained
compounds; as, storm-presaging, stormproof,
storm-tossed, and the like.
{Magnetic storm}. See under {Magnetic}.
{Storm-and-stress period} [a translation of G. sturm und
drang periode], a designation given to the literary
agitation and revolutionary development in Germany under
the lead of Goethe and Schiller in the latter part of the
18th century.
{Storm center} (Meteorol.), the center of the area covered by
a storm, especially by a storm of large extent.
{Storm door} (Arch.), an extra outside door to prevent the
entrance of wind, cold, rain, etc.; -- usually removed in
summer.
{Storm path} (Meteorol.), the course over which a storm, or
storm center, travels.
{Storm petrel}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Stormy petrel}, under
{Petrel}.
{Storm sail} (Naut.), any one of a number of strong, heavy
sails that are bent and set in stormy weather.
{Storm scud}. See the Note under {Cloud}.
Syn: Tempest; violence; agitation; calamity.
Usage: {Storm}, {Tempest}. Storm is violent agitation, a
commotion of the elements by wind, etc., but not
necessarily implying the fall of anything from the
clouds. Hence, to call a mere fall or rain without
wind a storm is a departure from the true sense of the
word. A tempest is a sudden and violent storm, such as
those common on the coast of Italy, where the term
originated, and is usually attended by a heavy rain,
with lightning and thunder.
Storms beat, and rolls the main; O! beat those
storms, and roll the seas, in vain. --Pope.
What at first was called a gust, the same Hath
now a storm's, anon a tempest's name. --Donne.
Storm \Storm\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stormed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Storming}.] (Mil.)
To assault; to attack, and attempt to take, by scaling walls,
forcing gates, breaches, or the like; as, to storm a
fortified town.
Storm \Storm\, v. i. [Cf. AS. styrman.]
1. To raise a tempest. --Spenser.
2. To blow with violence; also, to rain, hail, snow, or the
like, usually in a violent manner, or with high wind; --
used impersonally; as, it storms.
3. To rage; to be in a violent passion; to fume.
The master storms, the lady scolds. --Swift.
Storm-beat \Storm"-beat`\, a.
Beaten, injured, or impaired by storms. --Spenser.
Stormcock \Storm"cock`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The missel thrush.
(b) The fieldfare.
(c) The green woodpecker.
Stormfinch \Storm"finch`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The storm petrel.
Stormful \Storm"ful\, a.
Abounding with storms. ``The stormful east.'' --Carlyle. --
{Storm"ful*ness}, n.
Stormglass \Storm"glass`\, n.
A glass vessel, usually cylindrical, filled with a solution
which is sensitive to atmospheric changes, indicating by a
clouded appearance, rain, snow, etc., and by clearness, fair
weather.
Stormily \Storm"i*ly\, adv.
In a stormy manner.
Storminess \Storm"i*ness\, n.
The state of being stormy; tempestuousness; biosteruousness;
impetuousness.
Storming \Storm"ing\,
a. & n. from {Storm}, v.
{Storming party} (Mil.), a party assigned to the duty of
making the first assault in storming a fortress.
Stormless \Storm"less\, a.
Without storms. --Tennyson.
Stormwind \Storm"wind`\, n.
A heavy wind; a wind that brings a storm; the blast of a
storm. --Longfellow.
Stormy \Storm"y\, a. [Compar. {Stormier}; superl. {Stormiest}.]
1. Characterized by, or proceeding from, a storm; subject to
storms; agitated with furious winds; biosterous;
tempestous; as, a stormy season; a stormy day or week.
``Beyond the stormy Hebrides.'' --Milton.
2. Proceeding from violent agitation or fury; as, a stormy
sound; stormy shocks.
3. Violent; passionate; rough; as, stormy passions.
Stormy chiefs of a desert but extensive domain.
--Sir W.
Scott.
Storthing \Stor"thing\, n. [Norw. storting; stor great + ting
court, court of justice; cf. Dan. ting, thing.]
The Parliament of Norway, chosen by indirect election once in
three years, but holding annual sessions.
Storven \Stor"ven\, obs.
p. p. of {Starve}. --Chaucer.
Story \Sto"ry\, n.; pl. {Stories}. [OF. estor['e], estor['e]e,
built, erected, p. p. of estorer to build, restore, to store.
See {Store}, v. t.]
A set of rooms on the same floor or level; a floor, or the
space between two floors. Also, a horizontal division of a
building's exterior considered architecturally, which need
not correspond exactly with the stories within. [Written also
{storey}.]
Note: A story comprehends the distance from one floor to
another; as, a story of nine or ten feet elevation. The
spaces between floors are numbered in order, from below
upward; as, the lower, second, or third story; a house
of one story, of two stories, of five stories.
{Story post} (Arch.), a vertical post used to support a floor
or superincumbent wall.
Story \Sto"ry\, n. [OE. storie, OF. estoire, F. histoire, fr. L.
historia. See {History}.]
1. A narration or recital of that which has occurred; a
description of past events; a history; a statement; a
record.
One malcontent who did indeed get a name in story.
--Barrow.
Venice, with its unique city and its Impressive
story. --Ed. Rev.
The four great monarchies make the subject of
ancient story. --Sir W.
Temple.
2. The relation of an incident or minor event; a short
narrative; a tale; especially, a fictitious narrative less
elaborate than a novel; a short romance. --Addison.
3. A euphemism or child's word for ``a lie;'' a fib; as, to
tell a story. [Colloq.]
Story \Sto"ry\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Storied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Storying}.]
To tell in historical relation; to make the subject of a
story; to narrate or describe in story.
How worthy he is I will leave to appear hereafter,
rather than story him in his own hearing. --Shak.
It is storied of the brazen colossus in Rhodes, that it
was seventy cubits high. --Bp. Wilkins.
Storybook \Sto"ry*book`\, n.
A book containing stories, or short narratives, either true
or false.
Story-teller \Sto"ry-tell`er\, n.
1. One who tells stories; a narrator of anecdotes,incidents,
or fictitious tales; as, an amusing story-teller.
2. An historian; -- in contempt. --Swift.
3. A euphemism or child's word for ``a liar.''
Story-telling \Sto"ry-tell`ing\, a.
Being accustomed to tell stories. -- n. The act or practice
of telling stories.
Story-writer \Sto"ry-writ`er\, n.
1. One who writes short stories, as for magazines.
2. An historian; a chronicler. [Obs.] ``Rathums, the
story-writer.'' --1 Esdr. ii. 17.
Stot \Stot\, n. [AS. stotte a hack, jade, or worthless horse;
cf. Sw. stut a bull, Dan. stud an ox. Cf. {Stoat}.]
1. A horse. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Thorold Rogers.
2. A young bull or ox, especially one three years old. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]
Stote \Stote\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Stoat}.
Stound \Stound\, v. i. [Cf. {Astound}, {Stun}.]
To be in pain or sorrow. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Stound \Stound\, a. [See {Stound}, v. i.]
Stunned. [Obs.]
Stound \Stound\, n.
1. A sudden, severe pain or grief; peril; alarm. [Obs.]
--Spenser.
2. Astonishment; amazement. [Obs.] --Spenser. Gay.
Stound \Stound\, n. [AS. stund; akin to D. stond, G. stunde,
Icel. stund.]
1. Hour; time; season. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
2. A brief space of time; a moment. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{In a stound}, suddenly. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Stound \Stound\, n. [Cf. {Stand}.]
A vessel for holding small beer. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Stoup \Stoup\, n. [See {Stoop} a vessel.]
1. A flagon; a vessel or measure for liquids. [Scot.]
2. (Eccl.) A basin at the entrance of Roman Catholic churches
for containing the holy water with which those who enter,
dipping their fingers in it, cross themselves; -- called
also {holy-water stoup}.
Stour \Stour\, n. [OF. estour, estor, tumult, combat, of
Teutonic origin. See {Storm}.]
A battle or tumult; encounter; combat; disturbance; passion.
[Obs.] --Fairfax. ``That woeful stowre.'' --Spenser.
She that helmed was in starke stours [fierce
conflicts]. --Chaucer.
Stour \Stour\, a. [See {Stoor}, a.]
Tall; strong; stern. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Stout \Stout\, a. [Compar. {Stouter}; superl. {Stoutest}.] [D.
stout bold (or OF. estout bold, proud, of Teutonic origin);
akin to AS. stolt, G. stolz, and perh. to E. stilt.]
1. Strong; lusty; vigorous; robust; sinewy; muscular; hence,
firm; resolute; dauntless.
With hearts stern and stout. --Chaucer.
A stouter champion never handled sword. --Shak.
He lost the character of a bold, stout, magnanimous
man. --Clarendon.
The lords all stand To clear their cause, most
resolutely stout. --Daniel.
2. Proud; haughty; arrogant; hard. [Archaic]
Your words have been stout against me. --Mal. iii.
13.
Commonly . . . they that be rich are lofty and
stout. --Latimer.
3. Firm; tough; materially strong; enduring; as, a stout
vessel, stick, string, or cloth.
4. Large; bulky; corpulent.
Syn: {Stout}, {Corpulent}, {Portly}.
Usage: Corpulent has reference simply to a superabundance or
excess of flesh. Portly implies a kind of stoutness or
corpulence which gives a dignified or imposing
appearance. Stout, in our early writers (as in the
English Bible), was used chiefly or wholly in the
sense of strong or bold; as, a stout champion; a stout
heart; a stout resistance, etc. At a later period it
was used for thickset or bulky, and more recently,
especially in England, the idea has been carried still
further, so that Taylor says in his Synonyms: ``The
stout man has the proportions of an ox; he is
corpulent, fat, and fleshy in relation to his size.''
In America, stout is still commonly used in the
original sense of strong as, a stout boy; a stout
pole.
Stout \Stout\, n.
A strong malt liquor; strong porter.
--Swift.
Stout-hearted \Stout"-heart"ed\, a.
Having a brave heart; courageous. -- {Stout"-heart"ed*ness},
n.
Stoutish \Stout"ish\, a.
Somewhat stout; somewhat corpulent.
Stoutly \Stout"ly\, adv.
In a stout manner; lustily; boldly; obstinately; as, he
stoutly defended himself.
Stoutness \Stout"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being stout.
Syn: Strength; bulk; courage; force; valor; lustiness;
brawniness; boldness; fortitude; stubbornness.
Stove \Stove\,
imp. of {Stave}.
Stove \Stove\, n. [D. stoof a foot stove, originally, a heated
room, a room for a bath; akin to G. stube room, OHG. stuba a
heated room, AS. stofe, Icel. stofa a room, bathing room, Sw.
stufva, stuga, a room, Dan. stue; of unknown origin. Cf.
{Estufa}, {Stew}, {Stufa}.]
1. A house or room artificially warmed or heated; a forcing
house, or hothouse; a drying room; -- formerly,
designating an artificially warmed dwelling or room, a
parlor, or a bathroom, but now restricted, in this sense,
to heated houses or rooms used for horticultural purposes
or in the processes of the arts.
When most of the waiters were commanded away to
their supper, the parlor or stove being nearly
emptied, in came a company of musketeers. --Earl of
Strafford.
How tedious is it to them that live in stoves and
caves half a year together, as in Iceland, Muscovy,
or under the pole! --Burton.
2. An apparatus, consisting essentially of a receptacle for
fuel, made of iron, brick, stone, or tiles, and variously
constructed, in which fire is made or kept for warming a
room or a house, or for culinary or other purposes.
{Cooking stove}, a stove with an oven, opening for pots,
kettles, and the like, -- used for cooking.
{Dry stove}. See under {Dry}.
{Foot stove}. See under {Foot}.
{Franklin stove}. See in the Vocabulary.
{Stove plant} (Bot.), a plant which requires artificial heat
to make it grow in cold or cold temperate climates.
{Stove plate}, thin iron castings for the parts of stoves.
Stove \Stove\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stoved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stoving}.]
1. To keep warm, in a house or room, by artificial heat; as,
to stove orange trees. --Bacon.
2. To heat or dry, as in a stove; as, to stove feathers.
Stovehouse \Stove"house`\, n.
A hothouse.
Stovepipe \Stove"pipe`\, n.
Pipe made of sheet iron in length and angular or curved
pieces fitting together, -- used to connect a portable stove
with a chimney flue.
{Stovepipe hat}, the common tall silk hat. [Slang, U.S.]
Stover \Sto"ver\, n. [OE. estoveir, estovoir, necessity,
provisions, properly an inf., ``to be necessary.'' Cf.
{Estovers}.]
Fodder for cattle, especially straw or coarse hay.
Where live nibbling sheep, And flat meads thatched with
stover them to keep. --Shak.
Thresh barley as yet but as need shall require, Fresh
threshed for stover thy cattle desire. --Tusser.
Stow \Stow\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stowed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stowing}.] [OE. stowen, fr. stowe a place, AS. stow; cf.
Icel. eldst[=o]a fireplace, hearth, OFries. st[=o], and E.
stand. [root]163.]
1. To place or arrange in a compact mass; to put in its
proper place, or in a suitable place; to pack; as, to
stowbags, bales, or casks in a ship's hold; to stow hay in
a mow; to stow sheaves.
Some stow their oars, or stop the leaky sides.
--Dryden.
2. To put away in some place; to hide; to lodge.
Foul thief! where hast thou stowed my daughter?
--Shak.
3. To arrange anything compactly in; to fill, by packing
closely; as, to stow a box, car, or the hold of a ship.
Stowage \Stow"age\, n.
1. The act or method of stowing; as, the stowage of
provisions in a vessel.
2. Room in which things may be stowed. --Cook.
In every vessel is stowage for immense treasures.
--Addison.
3. The state of being stowed, or put away. ``To have them in
safe stowage.'' --Shak.
4. Things stowed or packed. --Beau. & Fl.
5. Money paid for stowing goods.
Stowaway \Stow"a*way`\, n.
One who conceals himself board of a vessel about to leave
port, or on a railway train, in order to obtain a free
passage.
Stowboard \Stow"board\, n.
A place into which rubbish is put. [Written also {stowbord}.]
Stowce \Stowce\, n. (Mining)
(a) A windlass.
(b) A wooden landmark, to indicate possession of mining land.
Stowing \Stow"ing\, n. (Mining)
A method of working in which the waste is packed into the
space formed by excavating the vein.
Stowre \Stowre\, a.
See {Stour}, a. [Obs.]
Stowre \Stowre\, n.
See {Stour}, n. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Strabism \Stra"bism\, n. (Med.)
Strabismus.
Strabismometer \Stra`bis*mom"e*ter\, n. [Strabismus + -meter.]
(Med.)
An instrument for measuring the amount of strabismus.
Strabismus \Stra*bis"mus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to squint,
fr. ? distorted, squinting.] (Med.)
An affection of one or both eyes, in which the optic axes can
not be directed to the same object, -- a defect due either to
undue contraction or to undue relaxation of one or more of
the muscles which move the eyeball; squinting; cross-eye.
Strabotomy \Stra*bot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? squinting + ? to cut.]
(Surg.)
The operation for the removal of squinting by the division of
such muscles as distort the eyeball.
Straddle \Strad"dle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Straddled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Straddling}.] [Freq. from the root of stride.]
1. To part the legs wide; to stand or to walk with the legs
far apart.
2. To stand with the ends staggered; -- said of the spokes of
a wagon wheel where they join the hub.
Straddle \Strad"dle\, v. t.
To place one leg on one side and the other on the other side
of; to stand or sit astride of; as, to straddle a fence or a
horse.
Straddle \Strad"dle\, n.
1. The act of standing, sitting, or walking, with the feet
far apart.
2. The position, or the distance between the feet, of one who
straddles; as, a wide straddle.
3. A stock option giving the holder the double privilege of a
``put'' and a ``call,'' i. e., securing to the buyer of
the option the right either to demand of the seller at a
certain price, within a certain time, certain securities,
or to require him to take at the same price, and within
the same time, the same securities. [Broker's Cant]
Straddling \Strad"dling\, a.
Applied to spokes when they are arranged alternately in two
circles in the hub. See {Straddle}, v. i., and {Straddle}, v.
t., 3. --Knight.
Stradometrical \Strad`o*met"ric*al\, a. [It. strada street or
road + E. metrical.]
Of, or relating to, the measuring of streets or roads. [R.]
Straggle \Strag"gle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Straggled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Straggling}.] [Freq. of OE. straken to roam, to
stroke. See {Stroke}, v. t.]
1. To wander from the direct course or way; to rove; to
stray; to wander from the line of march or desert the line
of battle; as, when troops are on the march, the men
should not straggle. --Dryden.
2. To wander at large; to roam idly about; to ramble.
The wolf spied out a straggling kid. --L'Estrange.
3. To escape or stretch beyond proper limits, as the branches
of a plant; to spread widely apart; to shoot too far or
widely in growth.
Trim off the small, superfluous branches on each
side of the hedge that straggle too far out.
--Mortimer.
4. To be dispersed or separated; to occur at intervals.
``Straggling pistol shots.'' --Sir W. Scott.
They came between Scylla and Charybdis and the
straggling rocks. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Straggle \Strag"gle\, n.
The act of straggling. [R.] --Carlyle.
Straggler \Strag"gler\, n.
1. One who straggles, or departs from the direct or proper
course, or from the company to which he belongs; one who
falls behind the rest; one who rambles without any settled
direction.
2. A roving vagabond. --Shak.
3. Something that shoots, or spreads out, beyond the rest, or
too far; an exuberant growth.
Let thy hand supply the pruning knife, And crop
luxuriant stragglers. --Dryden.
4. Something that stands alone or by itself.
Straggling \Strag"gling\,
a. & n. from {Straggle}, v.
Stragglingly \Strag"gling*ly\, adv.
In a straggling manner.
Stragulum \Strag"u*lum\, n.; pl. {Stragula}. [L., a spread or
covering, from sternere to spread out.] (Zo["o]l.)
The mantle, or pallium, of a bird.
Straight \Straight\, a.
A variant of {Strait}, a. [Obs. or R.]
Egypt is a long country, but it is straight, that is to
say, narrow. --Sir J.
Mandeville.
Straight \Straight\, a. [Compar. {Straighter}; superl.
{Straightest}.] [OE. strei?t, properly p. p. of strecchen to
stretch, AS. streht, p. p. of streccan to stretch, to extend.
See {Stretch}.]
1. Right, in a mathematical sense; passing from one point to
another by the nearest course; direct; not deviating or
crooked; as, a straight line or course; a straight piece
of timber.
And the crooked shall be made straight. --Isa. xl.
4.
There are many several sorts of crooked lines, but
there is only one which is straight. --Dryden.
2. (Bot.) Approximately straight; not much curved; as,
straight ribs are such as pass from the base of a leaf to
the apex, with a small curve.
3. (Card Playing) Composed of cards which constitute a
regular sequence, as the ace, king, queen, jack, and
ten-spot; as, a straight hand; a straight flush.
4. Conforming to justice and rectitude; not deviating from
truth or fairness; upright; as, straight dealing.
5. Unmixed; undiluted; as, to take liquor straight. [Slang]
6. Making no exceptions or deviations in one's support of the
organization and candidates of a political party; as, a
straight Republican; a straight Democrat; also, containing
the names of all the regularly nominated candidates of a
party and no others; as, a straight ballot. [Political
Cant, U.S.]
{Straight arch} (Arch.), a form of arch in which the intrados
is straight, but with its joints drawn radially, as in a
common arch.
{A straight face}, one giving no evidence of merriment or
other emotion.
{A straight line}. ``That which lies evenly between its
extreme points.'' --Euclid. ``The shortest line between
two points.'' --Chauvenet. ``A line which has the same
direction through its whole length.'' --Newcomb.
{Straight-way valve}, a valve which, when opened widely,
affords a straight passageway, as for water.
Straight \Straight\, adv.
In a straight manner; directly; rightly; forthwith;
immediately; as, the arrow went straight to the mark.
``Floating straight.'' --Shak.
I know thy generous temper well; Fling but the
appearance of dishonor on it, It straight takes fire,
and mounts into a blaze. --Addison.
Everything was going on straight. --W. Black.
Straight \Straight\, n. (Poker)
A hand of five cards in consecutive order as to value; a
sequence. When they are of one suit, it is calles straight
flush.
Straight \Straight\, v. t.
To straighten. [R.] --A Smith.
Straightedge \Straight"edge`\, n.
A board, or piece of wood or metal, having one edge perfectly
straight, -- used to ascertain whether a line is straight or
a surface even, and for drawing straight lines.
Straighten \Straight"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Straighted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Straighting}.]
1. To make straight; to reduce from a crooked to a straight
form.
2. To make right or correct; to reduce to order; as, to
straighten one's affairs; to straighten an account.
{To straighten one's face}, to cease laughing or smiling,
etc., and compose one's features.
Straighten \Straight"en\, v. t.
A variant of {Straiten}. [Obs. or R.]
Straightener \Straight"en*er\, n.
One who, or that which, straightens.
Straightforth \Straight"forth`\, adv.
Straightway. [Obs.]
Straightforward \Straight`for"ward\, a.
Proceeding in a straight course or manner; not deviating;
honest; frank. -- adv. In a straightforward manner. --
{Straight`for"ward*ly}, adv. -- {Straight`for"ward*ness}, n.
Straighthorn \Straight"horn`\, n. (Paleon.)
An orthoceras.
Straight-joint \Straight"-joint`\, a. (Arch.)
Having straight joints. Specifically:
(a) Applied to a floor the boards of which are so laid that
the joints form a continued line transverse to the length
of the boards themselves. --Brandle & C.
(b) In the United States, applied to planking or flooring put
together without the tongue and groove, the pieces being
laid edge to edge.
Straight-lined \Straight"-lined`\, a.
Having straight lines.
Straightly \Straight"ly\, adv.
In a right line; not crookedly.
Straightly \Straight"ly\, adv.
A variant of {Straitly}. See 1st {Straight}.
Straightness \Straight"ness\, n.
The quality, condition, or state, of being straight; as, the
straightness of a path.
Straightness \Straight"ness\, n.
A variant of {Straitness}.
Straight-out \Straight"-out`\, a.
Acting without concealment, obliquity, or compromise; hence,
unqualified; thoroughgoing. [Colloq. U.S.]
Straight-out and generous indignation. --Mrs. Stowe.
Straight-pight \Straight"-pight`\, a.
Straight in form or upright in position; erect. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Straight-spoken \Straight"-spo`ken\, a.
Speaking with directness; plain-spoken. [Colloq. U.S.]
--Lowell.
Straightway \Straight"way`\, adv.
Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
He took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her,
Talitha cumi. . . . And straightway the damsel arose.
--Mark v.
41,42.
Straightways \Straight"ways`\, adv.
Straightway. [Obs.]
Straik \Straik\, n.
A strake.
Strain \Strain\, n. [See {Strene}.]
1. Race; stock; generation; descent; family.
He is of a noble strain. --Shak.
With animals and plants a cross between different
varieties, or between individuals of the same
variety but of another strain, gives vigor and
fertility to the offspring. --Darwin.
2. Hereditary character, quality, or disposition.
Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which,
propogated, spoil the strain of nation. --Tillotson.
3. Rank; a sort. ``The common strain.'' --Dryden.
Strain \Strain\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Strained}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Straining}.] [OF. estraindre, estreindre, F. ['e]treindre,
L. stringere to draw or bind tight; probably akin to Gr. ? a
halter, ? that which is squeezwd out, a drop, or perhaps to
E. strike. Cf. {Strangle}, {Strike}, {Constrain}, {District},
{Strait}, a. {Stress}, {Strict}, {Stringent}.]
1. To draw with force; to extend with great effort; to
stretch; as, to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a
ship; to strain the cords of a musical instrument. ``To
strain his fetters with a stricter care.'' --Dryden.
2. (Mech.) To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of
form or volume, as forces on a beam to bend it.
3. To exert to the utmost; to ply vigorously.
He sweats, Strains his young nerves. --Shak.
They strain their warbling throats To welcome in the
spring. --Dryden.
4. To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in
the matter of intent or meaning; as, to strain the law in
order to convict an accused person.
There can be no other meaning in this expression,
however some may pretend to strain it. --Swift.
5. To injure by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of
force; as, the gale strained the timbers of the ship.
6. To injure in the muscles or joints by causing to make too
strong an effort; to harm by overexertion; to sprain; as,
to strain a horse by overloading; to strain the wrist; to
strain a muscle.
Prudes decayed about may track, Strain their necks
with looking back. --Swift.
7. To squeeze; to press closely.
Evander with a close embrace Strained his departing
friend. --Dryden.
8. To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent
effort; to force; to constrain.
He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth Is
forced and strained. --Denham.
The quality of mercy is not strained. --Shak.
9. To urge with importunity; to press; as, to strain a
petition or invitation.
Note, if your lady strain his entertainment. --Shak.
10. To press, or cause to pass, through a strainer, as
through a screen, a cloth, or some porous substance; to
purify, or separate from extraneous or solid matter, by
filtration; to filter; as, to strain milk through cloth.
{To strain a point}, to make a special effort; especially, to
do a degree of violence to some principle or to one's own
feelings.
{To strain courtesy}, to go beyond what courtesy requires; to
insist somewhat too much upon the precedence of others; --
often used ironically. --Shak.
Strain \Strain\ (str[=a]n), v. i.
1. To make violent efforts. ``Straining with too weak a
wing.'' --Pope.
To build his fortune I will strain a little. --Shak.
2. To percolate; to be filtered; as, water straining through
a sandy soil.
Strain \Strain\, n.
1. The act of straining, or the state of being strained.
Specifically:
(a) A violent effort; an excessive and hurtful exertion or
tension, as of the muscles; as, he lifted the weight
with a strain; the strain upon a ship's rigging in a
gale; also, the hurt or injury resulting; a sprain.
Whether any poet of our country since
Shakespeare has exerted a greater variety of
powers with less strain and less ostentation.
--Landor.
Credit is gained by custom, and seldom recovers
a strain. --Sir W.
Temple.
(b) (Mech. Physics) A change of form or dimensions of a
solid or liquid mass, produced by a stress. --Rankine.
2. (Mus.) A portion of music divided off by a double bar; a
complete musical period or sentence; a movement, or any
rounded subdivision of a movement.
Their heavenly harps a lower strain began. --Dryden.
3. Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion
of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or
burden, of a song, poem, oration, book, etc.; theme;
motive; manner; style; also, a course of action or
conduct; as, he spoke in a noble strain; there was a
strain of woe in his story; a strain of trickery appears
in his career. ``A strain of gallantry.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Such take too high a strain at first. --Bacon.
The genius and strain of the book of Proverbs.
--Tillotson.
It [Pilgrim's Progress] seems a novelty, and yet
contains Nothing but sound and honest gospel
strains. --Bunyan.
4. Turn; tendency; inborn disposition. Cf. 1st {Strain}.
Because heretics have a strain of madness, he
applied her with some corporal chastisements.
--Hayward.
Strainable \Strain"a*ble\ (-[.a]*b'l), a.
1. Capable of being strained.
2. Violent in action. --Holinshed.
Strainably \Strain"a*bly\, adv.
Violently. --Holinshed.
Strained \Strained\, a.
1. Subjected to great or excessive tension; wrenched;
weakened; as, strained relations between old friends.
2. Done or produced with straining or excessive effort; as,
his wit was strained.
Strainer \Strain"er\, n.
1. One who strains.
2. That through which any liquid is passed for purification
or to separate it from solid matter; anything, as a screen
or a cloth, used to strain a liquid; a device of the
character of a sieve or of a filter; specifically, an
openwork or perforated screen, as for the end of the
suction pipe of a pump, to prevent large solid bodies from
entering with a liquid.
Straining \Strain"ing\,
a. & n. from {Strain}.
{Straining piece} (Arch.), a short piece of timber in a
truss, used to maintain the ends of struts or rafters, and
keep them from slipping. See Illust. of {Queen-post}.
Straint \Straint\ (str[=a]nt), n. [OF. estrainte, estreinte, F.
['e]trainte. See 2nd {Strain}.]
Overexertion; excessive tension; strain. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Strait \Strait\, a.
A variant of {Straight}. [Obs.]
Strait \Strait\, a. [Compar. {Straiter}; superl. {Straitest}.]
[OE. straight, streyt, streit, OF. estreit, estroit, F.
['e]troit, from L. strictus drawn together, close, tight, p.
p. of stringere to draw tight. See 2nd {Strait}, and cf.
{Strict}.]
1. Narrow; not broad.
Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which
leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it.
--Matt. vii.
14.
Too strait and low our cottage doors. --Emerson.
2. Tight; close; closely fitting. --Shak.
3. Close; intimate; near; familiar. [Obs.] ``A strait degree
of favor.'' --Sir P. Sidney.
4. Strict; scrupulous; rigorous.
Some certain edicts and some strait decrees. --Shak.
The straitest sect of our religion. --Acts xxvi. 5
(Rev. Ver.).
5. Difficult; distressful; straited.
To make your strait circumstances yet straiter.
--Secker.
6. Parsimonious; niggargly; mean. [Obs.]
I beg cold comfort, and you are so strait, And so
ingrateful, you deny me that. --Shak.
Strait \Strait\, adv.
Strictly; rigorously. [Obs.] --Shak.
Strait \Strait\, n.; pl. {Straits}. [OE. straight, streit, OF.
estreit, estroit. See {Strait}, a.]
1. A narrow pass or passage.
He brought him through a darksome narrow strait To a
broad gate all built of beaten gold. --Spenser.
Honor travels in a strait so narrow Where one but
goes abreast. --Shak.
2. Specifically: (Geog.) A (comparatively) narrow passageway
connecting two large bodies of water; -- often in the
plural; as, the strait, or straits, of Gibraltar; the
straits of Magellan; the strait, or straits, of Mackinaw.
We steered directly through a large outlet which
they call a strait, though it be fifteen miles
broad. --De Foe.
3. A neck of land; an isthmus. [R.]
A dark strait of barren land. --Tennyson.
4. Fig.: A condition of narrowness or restriction; doubt;
distress; difficulty; poverty; perplexity; -- sometimes in
the plural; as, reduced to great straits.
For I am in a strait betwixt two. --Phil. i. 23.
Let no man, who owns a Providence, grow desperate
under any calamity or strait whatsoever. --South.
Ulysses made use of the pretense of natural
infirmity to conceal the straits he was in at that
time in his thoughts. --Broome.
Strait \Strait\, v. t.
To put to difficulties. [Obs.] --Shak.
Straiten \Strait"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Straitened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Straitening}.]
1. To make strait; to make narrow; hence, to contract; to
confine.
Waters, when straitened, as at the falls of bridges,
give a roaring noise. --Bacon.
In narrow circuit, straitened by a foe. --Milton.
2. To make tense, or tight; to tighten.
They straiten at each end the cord. --Pope.
3. To restrict; to distress or embarrass in respect of means
or conditions of life; -- used chiefly in the past
participle; -- as, a man straitened in his circumstances.
Strait-handed \Strait"-hand`ed\, a.
Parsimonious; sparing; niggardly. [R.] --
{Strait"-hand`ed*ness}, n. [R.]
Strait-jacket \Strait"-jack`et\, n.
A dress of strong materials for restraining maniacs or those
who are violently delirious. It has long sleeves, which are
closed at the ends, confining the hands, and may be tied
behind the back.
Strait-laced \Strait"-laced`\, a.
1. Bound with stays.
Let nature have scope to fashion the body as she
thinks best; we have few well-shaped that are
strait-laced. --Locke.
2. Restricted; stiff; constrained. [R.] --Fuller.
3. Rigid in opinion; strict in manners or morals.
Straitly \Strait"ly\, adv.
1. In a strait manner; narrowly; strictly; rigorously. --Mark
i. 43.
2. Closely; intimately. [Obs.]
Straitness \Strait"ness\, n.
The quality or condition of being strait; especially, a
pinched condition or situation caused by poverty; as, the
straitnessof their circumstances.
Strait-waistcoat \Strait"-waist`coat\, n.
Same as {Strait-jacket}.
Strake \Strake\, obs.
imp. of {Strike}. --Spenser.
Strake \Strake\, n. [See {Streak}.]
1. A streak. [Obs.] --Spenser.``White strake.'' --Gen. xxx.
37.
2. An iron band by which the fellies of a wheel are secured
to each other, being not continuous, as the tire is, but
made up of separate pieces.
3. (Shipbuilding) One breadth of planks or plates forming a
continuous range on the bottom or sides of a vessel,
reaching from the stem to the stern; a streak.
Note: The planks or plates next the keel are called the
garboard strakes; the next, or the heavy strakes at the
bilge, are the bilge strakes; the next, from the water
line to the lower port sill, the wales; and the upper
parts of the sides, the sheer strakes.
4. (Mining) A trough for washing broken ore, gravel, or sand;
a launder.
Strale \Strale\, n.
Pupil of the eye. [Prov. Eng.]
Stram \Stram\, v. t. [Cf. LG. strammen to strain, straiten,
stretch, D. stram strained, tight, G. stramm.]
To spring or recoil with violence. [Prov. Eng.]
Stram \Stram\, v. t.
To dash down; to beat. [Prov. Eng.]
Stramash \Stram"ash\, v. t. [Cf. {Stramazoun}.]
To strike, beat, or bang; to break; to destroy. [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]
Stramash \Stram"ash\, n.
A turmoil; a broil; a fray; a fight. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
--Barham.
Stramazoun \Stram"a*zoun\, n. [F. estrama[,c]on, It.
stramazzone.]
A direct descending blow with the edge of a sword. [Obs.]
--B. Jonson.
Stramineous \Stra*min"e*ous\, a. [L. stramineus, fr. stramen
straw, fr. sternere, stratum, to spread out, to strew.]
1. Strawy; consisting of straw. --Robinson.
2. Chaffy; like straw; straw-colored. --Burton.
Stramonium \Stra*mo"ni*um\, n. [NL.; Cf. F. stramoine.] (Bot.)
A poisonous plant ({Datura Stramonium}); stinkweed. See
{Datura}, and {Jamestown weed}.
Stramony \Stram"o*ny\, n. (Bot.)
Stramonium.
Strand \Strand\, n. [Probably fr. D. streen a skein; akin to G.
str["a]hne a skein, lock of hair, strand of a rope.]
One of the twists, or strings, as of fibers, wires, etc., of
which a rope is composed.
Strand \Strand\, v. t.
To break a strand of (a rope).
Strand \Strand\, n. [AS. strand; akin to D., G., Sw., & Dan.
strand, Icel. str["o]nd.]
The shore, especially the beach of a sea, ocean, or large
lake; rarely, the margin of a navigable river. --Chaucer.
{Strand birds}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Shore birds}, under {Shore}.
{Strand plover} (Zo["o]l.), a black-bellied plover. See
Illust. of {Plover}.
{Strand wolf} (Zo["o]l.), the brown hyena.
Strand \Strand\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stranded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stranding}.]
To drive on a strand; hence, to run aground; as, to strand a
ship.
Strand \Strand\, v. i.
To drift, or be driven, on shore to run aground; as, the ship
stranded at high water.
Strang \Strang\, a. [See {Strong}.]
Strong. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --Halliwell.
Strange \Strange\, a. [Compar. {Stranger}; superl. {Strangest}.]
[OE. estrange, F. ['e]trange, fr. L. extraneus that is
without, external, foreign, fr. extra on the outside. See
{Extra}, and cf. {Estrange}, {Extraneous}.]
1. Belonging to another country; foreign. ``To seek strange
strands.'' --Chaucer.
One of the strange queen's lords. --Shak.
I do not contemn the knowledge of strange and divers
tongues. --Ascham.
2. Of or pertaining to others; not one's own; not pertaining
to one's self; not domestic.
So she, impatient her own faults to see, Turns from
herself, and in strange things delights. --Sir J.
Davies.
3. Not before known, heard, or seen; new.
Here is the hand and seal of the duke; you know the
character, I doubt not; and the signet is not
strange to you. --Shak.
4. Not according to the common way; novel; odd; unusual;
irregular; extraordinary; unnatural; queer. ``He is sick
of a strange fever.'' --Shak.
Sated at length, erelong I might perceive Strange
alteration in me. --Milton.
5. Reserved; distant in deportment. --Shak.
She may be strange and shy at first, but will soon
learn to love thee. --Hawthorne.
6. Backward; slow. [Obs.]
Who, loving the effect, would not be strange In
favoring the cause. --Beau. & Fl.
7. Not familiar; unaccustomed; inexperienced.
In thy fortunes am unlearned and strange. --Shak.
Note: Strange is often used as an exclamation.
Strange! what extremes should thus preserve the
snow High on the Alps, or in deep caves below.
--Waller.
{Strange sail} (Naut.), an unknown vessel.
{Strange woman} (Script.), a harlot. --Prov. v. 3.
{To make it strange}.
(a) To assume ignorance, suspicion, or alarm, concerning
it. --Shak.
(b) To make it a matter of difficulty. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{To make strange}, {To make one's self strange}.
(a) To profess ignorance or astonishment.
(b) To assume the character of a stranger. --Gen. xlii. 7.
Syn: Foreign; new; outlandish; wonderful; astonishing;
marvelous; unusual; odd; uncommon; irregular; queer;
eccentric.
Strange \Strange\, adv.
Strangely. [Obs.]
Most strange, but yet most truly, will I speak. --Shak.
Strange \Strange\, v. t.
To alienate; to estrange. [Obs.]
Strange \Strange\, v. i.
1. To be estranged or alienated. [Obs.]
2. To wonder; to be astonished. [Obs.] --Glanvill.
Strangely \Strange"ly\, adv.
1. As something foreign, or not one's own; in a manner
adapted to something foreign and strange. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. In the manner of one who does not know another; distantly;
reservedly; coldly.
You all look strangely on me. --Shak.
I do in justice charge thee . . . That thou commend
it strangely to some place Where chance may nurse or
end it. --Shak.
3. In a strange manner; in a manner or degree to excite
surprise or wonder; wonderfully.
How strangely active are the arts of peace!
--Dryden.
It would strangely delight you to see with what
spirit he converses. --Law.
Strangeness \Strange"ness\, n.
The state or quality of being strange (in any sense of the
adjective).
Stranger \Stran"ger\, n. [OF. estrangier, F. ['e]tranger. See
{Strange}.]
1. One who is strange, foreign, or unknown. Specifically:
(a) One who comes from a foreign land; a foreigner.
I am a most poor woman and a stranger, Born out
of your dominions. --Shak.
(b) One whose home is at a distance from the place where
he is, but in the same country.
(c) One who is unknown or unacquainted; as, the gentleman
is a stranger to me; hence, one not admitted to
communication, fellowship, or acquaintance.
Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear, And
strangers to the sun yet ripen here.
--Granville.
My child is yet a stranger in the world. --Shak.
I was no stranger to the original. --Dryden.
2. One not belonging to the family or household; a guest; a
visitor.
To honor and receive Our heavenly stranger.
--Milton.
3. (Law) One not privy or party an act, contract, or title; a
mere intruder or intermeddler; one who interferes without
right; as, actual possession of land gives a good title
against a stranger having no title; as to strangers, a
mortgage is considered merely as a pledge; a mere stranger
to the levy.
Stranger \Stran"ger\, v. t.
To estrange; to alienate. [Obs.] --Shak.
Strangle \Stran"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Strangled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Strangling}.] [OF. estrangler, F. ['e]trangler, L.
strangulare, Gr. ?, ?, fr. ? a halter; and perhaps akin to E.
string, n. Cf. {Strain}, {String}.]
1. To compress the windpipe of (a person or animal) until
death results from stoppage of respiration; to choke to
death by compressing the throat, as with the hand or a
rope.
Our Saxon ancestors compelled the adulteress to
strangle herself. --Ayliffe.
2. To stifle, choke, or suffocate in any manner.
Shall I not then be stifled in the vault, . . . And
there die strangled ere my Romeo comes? --Shak.
3. To hinder from appearance; to stifle; to suppress.
``Strangle such thoughts.'' --Shak.
Strangle \Stran"gle\, v. i.
To be strangled, or suffocated.
Strangleable \Stran"gle*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being strangled. [R.] --Chesterfield.
Strangler \Stran"gler\, n.
One who, or that which, strangles. ``The very strangler of
their amity.'' --Shak.
Strangles \Stran"gles\, n.
A disease in horses and swine, in which the upper part of the
throat, or groups of lymphatic glands elsewhere, swells.
Strangulate \Stran"gu*late\, a. (Bot.)
Strangulated.
Strangulated \Stran"gu*la`ted\, a.
1. (Med.) Having the circulation stopped by compression;
attended with arrest or obstruction of circulation, caused
by constriction or compression; as, a strangulated hernia.
2. (Bot.) Contracted at irregular intervals, if tied with a
ligature; constricted.
{Strangulated hernia}. (Med.) See under {Hernia}.
Strangulation \Stran"gu*la`tion\, n. [L. strangulatio: cf. F.
strangulation. See {Strangle}.]
1. The act of strangling, or the state of being strangled.
2. (Med.) Inordinate compression or constriction of a tube or
part, as of the throat; especially, such as causes a
suspension of breathing, of the passage of contents, or of
the circulation, as in cases of hernia.
Strangurious \Stran*gu"ri*ous\, a. [L. stranguriosus.] (Med.)
Of or pertaining to strangury. --Cheyne.
Strangury \Stran"gu*ry\, n. [L. stranguria, Gr. ?; ?, ?, a drop
+ ? to make water, ? urine: cf. F. strangurie. See
{Strangle}, and {Urine}.]
1. (Med.) A painful discharge of urine, drop by drop,
produced by spasmodic muscular contraction.
2. (Bot.) A swelling or other disease in a plant, occasioned
by a ligature fastened tightly about it.
Strany \Stra"ny\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]
Strap \Strap\, n. [OE. strope, AS. stropp, L. stroppus,
struppus, perhaps fr. Gr. ? a band or cord, fr. ? to twist,
to turn (cf. {Strophe}). Cf. {Strop} a strap, a piece of
rope.]
1. A long, narrow, pliable strip of leather, cloth, or the
like; specifically, a strip of thick leather used in
flogging.
A lively cobbler that . . . had scarce passed a day
without giving her [his wife] the discipline of the
strap. --Addison.
2. Something made of such a strip, or of a part of one, or a
combination of two or more for a particular use; as, a
boot strap, shawl strap, stirrup strap.
3. A piece of leather, or strip of wood covered with a
suitable material, for sharpening a razor; a strop.
4. A narrow strip of anything, as of iron or brass.
Specifically:
(a) (Carp. & Mach.) A band, plate, or loop of metal for
clasping and holding timbers or parts of a machine.
(b) (Naut.) A piece of rope or metal passing around a
block and used for fastening it to anything.
5. (Bot.)
(a) The flat part of the corolla in ligulate florets, as
those of the white circle in the daisy.
(b) The leaf, exclusive of its sheath, in some grasses.
6. A shoulder strap. See under {Shoulder}.
{Strap bolt}, a bolt of which one end is a flat bar of
considerable length.
{Strap head} (Mach.), a journal box, or pair of brasses,
secured to the end of a connecting rod by a strap. See
Illust. of {Gib and key}, under {Gib}.
{Strap hinge}, a hinge with long flaps by which it is
fastened, as to a door or wall.
{Strap rail} (Railroads), a flat rail formerly used.
Strap \Strap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Strapped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Strapping}.]
1. To beat or chastise with a strap.
2. To fasten or bind with a strap. --Cowper.
3. To sharpen by rubbing on a strap, or strop; as, to strap a
razor.
Strappado \Strap*pa"do\, n.; pl. {Strappadoes}. [It. strappata a
pull, the strappado, from strappare to pull, from Prov. G.
strapfen: cf. G. straff tense, stretched.]
A military punishment formerly practiced, which consisted in
drawing an offender to the top of a beam and letting him fall
to the length of the rope, by which means a limb was often
dislocated. --Shak.
Strappado \Strap*pa"do\, v. t.
To punish or torture by the strappado. --Milton.
Strapper \Strap"per\, n.
1. One who uses strap.
2. A person or thing of uncommon size. [Colloq.]
Strapping \Strap"ping\, a.
Tall; strong; lusty; large; as, a strapping fellow. [Colloq.]
There are five and thirty strapping officers gone.
--Farquhar.
Strapple \Strap"ple\, v. t.
To hold or bind with, or as with, a strap; to entangle.
[Obs.] --Chapman.
Strap-shaped \Strap"-shaped`\, a.
Shaped like a strap; ligulate; as, a strap-shaped corolla.
Strapwork \Strap"work`\, n. (Arch.)
A kind of ornament consisting of a narrow fillet or band
folded, crossed, and interlaced.
Strass \Strass\, n. [So called from its inventor, a German
jeweler: cf. F. stras.] (Chem.)
A brilliant glass, used in the manufacture of artificial
paste gems, which consists essentially of a complex
borosilicate of lead and potassium. Cf. {Glass}.
Strata \Stra"ta\, n.,
pl. of {Stratum}.
Stratagem \Strat"a*gem\, n. [F. stratag[`e]me (cf. Sp.
estratagema, It. stratagemma), L. strategema, Gr. ?, fr. ? to
be leader of an army, fr. ? a general; ? an army (probably as
being spread out; cf. {Stratum}) + ? to lead. See {Agent}.]
An artifice or trick in war for deceiving the enemy; hence,
in general, artifice; deceptive device; secret plot; evil
machination.
Fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils. --Shak.
Those oft are stratagems which error seem, Nor is it
Homer nods, but we that dream. --Pope.
Stratagemical \Strat`a*gem"ic*al\, a.
Containing stratagem; as, a stratagemical epistle. [R.]
--Swift.
Stratarithmetry \Strat`a*rith"me*try\, n. [Gr. ? army + ? number
+ -metry.] (Mil.)
The art of drawing up an army, or any given number of men, in
any geometrical figure, or of estimating or expressing the
number of men in such a figure.
Strategetic \Strat`e*get"ic\, Strategetical \Strat`e*get"ic*al\,
a.
Strategic.
Strategetics \Strat`e*get"ics\, n.
Strategy.
Strategic \Stra*te"gic\, Strategical \Stra*te"gic*al\, a. [Gr. ?
of or for a general: cf. F. strat['e]gique.]
Of or pertaining to strategy; effected by artifice. --
{Stra*te"gic*al*ly}, adv.
{Strategic line} (Mil.), a line joining strategic points.
{Strategic point} (Mil.), any point or region in the theater
or warlike operations which affords to its possessor an
advantage over his opponent, as a mountain pass, a
junction of rivers or roads, a fortress, etc.
Strategics \Stra*te"gics\, n.
Strategy.
Strategist \Strat"e*gist\, n. [Cf. F. strat['e]giste.]
One skilled in strategy, or the science of directing great
military movements.
Strategus \Stra*te"gus\, n.; pl. {Strategi}. [L., fr. Gr. ?. See
{Stratagem}.] (Gr. Antiq.)
The leader or commander of an army; a general.
Strategy \Strat"e*gy\, n. [Gr. ?: cf. F. strat['e]gie. See
{Stratagem}.]
1. The science of military command, or the science of
projecting campaigns and directing great military
movements; generalship.
2. The use of stratagem or artifice.
Strath \Strath\, n. [Gael. srath.]
A valley of considerable size, through which a river runs; a
valley bottom; -- often used in composition with the name of
the river; as, Strath Spey, Strathdon, Strathmore. [Scot.]
The long green strath of Napa valley. --R. L.
Stevenson.
Strathspey \Strath"spey`\, n. [So called from the district of
Strath Spey in Scotland.]
A lively Scottish dance, resembling the reel, but slower;
also, the tune.
Straticulate \Stra*tic"u*late\, a. [Dim. Fr. stratum.] (Min.)
Characterized by the presence of thin parallel strata, or
layers, as in an agate.
Stratification \Strat`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. stratification.]
1. The act or process of laying in strata, or the state of
being laid in the form of strata, or layers.
2. (Physiol.) The deposition of material in successive layers
in the growth of a cell wall, thus giving rise to a
stratified appearance.
Stratified \Strat"i*fied\, a.
Having its substance arranged in strata, or layers; as,
stratified rock.
Stratiform \Strat"i*form\, a.
Having the form of strata.
Stratify \Strat"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stratified}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Stratifying}.] [Stratum + -fy: cf. F. stratifier.]
To form or deposit in strata, or layers, as substances in the
earth; to arrange in strata.
Stratigraphic \Strat`i*graph"ic\, Stratigraphical
\Strat`i*graph"ic*al\, a. (Geol.)
Pertaining to, or depended upon, the order or arrangement of
strata; as, stratigraphical evidence. --
{Strat`i*graph"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Stratigraphic \Strat`i*graph"ic\, -ical \-ic*al\, a. (Mil.)
See {Stratographic}.
Stratigraphy \Stra*tig"ra*phy\, n. [Stratum + -graphy.]
That branch of geology which treats of the arrangement and
succession of strata.
Stratocracy \Stra*toc"ra*cy\, n. [Gr. ? an army + -cracy, as in
democracy: cf. F. stratocratie.]
A military government; government by military chiefs and an
army.
Stratographic \Strat`o*graph"ic\, Stratographical
\Strat`o*graph"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to stratography.
Stratography \Stra*tog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? an army + -graphy.]
A description of an army, or of what belongs to an army.
Stratonic \Stra*ton"ic\, a. [Gr. ? an army.]
Of or pertaining to an army. [R.]
Stratotic \Stra*tot"ic\, a.
Warlike; military. [R.]
Stratum \Stra"tum\, n.; pl. E. {Stratums}, L. {Strata}. The
latter is more common. [L., from sternere, stratum, to
spread; akin to Gr. ? to spread, strew. See {Strew}, and cf.
{Consternation}, {Estrade}, {Prostrate}, {Stratus},
{Street}.]
1. (Geol.) A bed of earth or rock of one kind, formed by
natural causes, and consisting usually of a series of
layers, which form a rock as it lies between beds of other
kinds. Also used figuratively.
2. A bed or layer artificially made; a course.
Stratus \Stra"tus\, n. [L. stratus a spreading out, scattering,
from sternere, stratum, to spread.] (Meteor.)
A form of clouds in which they are arranged in a horizontal
band or layer. See {Cloud}.
Straught \Straught\, obs.
imp. & p. p. of {Stretch}.
Straught \Straught\, v. t.
To stretch; to make straight. [Written also {straucht}.]
[Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Straw \Straw\, v. t.
To spread or scatter. See {Strew}, and {Strow}. --Chaucer.
Straw \Straw\, n. [OE. straw, stre, stree, AS. stre['a]w, from
the root of E. strew; akin to OFries. str[=e], D. stroo, G.
stroh, OHG. str[=o], Icel. str[=a], Dan. straa, Sw. str[*a].
[root]166. See {Strew}.]
1. A stalk or stem of certain species of grain, pulse, etc.,
especially of wheat, rye, oats, barley, more rarely of
buckwheat, beans, and pease.
2. The gathered and thrashed stalks of certain species of
grain, etc.; as, a bundle, or a load, of rye straw.
3. Anything proverbially worthless; the least possible thing;
a mere trifle.
I set not a straw by thy dreamings. --Chaucer.
Note: Straw is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, straw-built, straw-crowned,
straw-roofed, straw-stuffed, and the like.
{Man of straw}, an effigy formed by stuffing the garments of
a man with straw; hence, a fictitious person; an
irresponsible person; a puppet.
{Straw bail}, worthless bail, as being given by irresponsible
persons. [Colloq. U.S.]
{Straw bid}, a worthless bid; a bid for a contract which the
bidder is unable or unwilling to fulfill. [Colloq. U.S.]
{Straw cat} (Zo["o]l.), the pampas cat.
{Straw color}, the color of dry straw, being a delicate
yellow.
{Straw drain}, a drain filled with straw.
{Straw plait}, or {Straw plat}, a strip formed by plaiting
straws, used for making hats, bonnets, etc.
{To be in the straw}, to be brought to bed, as a pregnant
woman. [Slang]
Strawberry \Straw"ber*ry\, n. [AS. stre['a]wberige; stre['a]w
straw + berie berry; perhaps from the resemblance of the
runners of the plant to straws.] (Bot.)
A fragrant edible berry, of a delicious taste and commonly of
a red color, the fruit of a plant of the genus {Fragaria}, of
which there are many varieties. Also, the plant bearing the
fruit. The common American strawberry is {Fragaria
virginiana}; the European, {F. vesca}. There are also other
less common species.
{Strawberry bass}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Calico bass}, under
{Calico}.
{Strawberry blite}. (Bot.) See under {Blite}.
{Strawberry borer} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
insects whose larv[ae] burrow in the crown or roots of the
strawberry vine. Especially:
(a) The root borer ({Anarsia lineatella}), a very small dark
gray moth whose larv[ae] burrow both in the larger roots
and crown, often doing great damage.
(b) The crown borer ({Tyloderma fragari[ae]}), a small brown
weevil whose larva burrows in the crown and kills the
plant.
{Strawberry bush} (Bot.), an American shrub ({Euonymus
Americanus}), a kind of spindle tree having crimson pods
and the seeds covered with a scarlet aril.
{Strawberry crab} (Zo["o]l.), a small European spider crab
({Eurynome aspera}); -- so called because the back is
covered with pink tubercles.
{Strawberry fish} (Zo["o]l.), the amadavat.
{Strawberry geranium} (Bot.), a kind of saxifrage ({Saxifraga
sarmentosa}) having reniform leaves, and producing long
runners like those of the strawberry.
{Strawberry leaf}.
(a) The leaf of the strawberry.
(b) The symbol of the rank or estate of a duke, because the
ducal coronet is twined with strawberry leaves. ``The
strawberry leaves on her chariot panels are engraved on
her ladyship's heart.'' --Thackeray.
{Strawberry-leaf roller} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several
species of moths whose larv[ae] roll up, and feed upon,
the leaves of the strawberry vine; especially,
{Phoxopteris fragari[ae]}, and {Eccopsis permundana}.
{Strawberry moth} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
moth whose larv[ae] feed on the strawberry vines; as:
(a) The smeared dagger ({Apatela oblinita}), whose large
hairy larva is velvety black with two rows of bright
yellow spots on each side.
(b) A geometrid ({Angerona crocataria}) which is yellow with
dusky spots on the wings. Called also {currant moth}.
{Strawberry pear} (Bot.), the red ovoid fruit of a West
Indian plant of the genus Cereus ({C. triangularia}). It
has a sweetish flavor, and is slightly acid, pleasant, and
cooling. Also, the plant bearing the fruit.
{Strawberry sawfly} (Zo["o]l.), a small black sawfly
({Emphytus maculatus}) whose larva eats the leaves of the
strawberry vine.
{Strawberry tomato}. (Bot.) See {Alkekengi}.
{Strawberry tree}. (Bot.) See {Arbutus}.
{Strawberry vine} (Bot.), the plant which yields the
strawberry.
{Strawberry worm} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of any moth which
feeds on the strawberry vine.
Strawboard \Straw"board`\, n.
Pasteboard made of pulp of straw.
Straw-colored \Straw"-col`ored\, a.
Being of a straw color. See {Straw color}, under {Straw}, n.
Straw-cutter \Straw"-cut`ter\, n.
An instrument to cut straw for fodder.
Strawed \Strawed\,
imp. & p. p. of {Straw}. [Obs.]
Strawworm \Straw"worm`\, n.
A caddice worm.
Strawy \Straw"y\, a.
Of or pertaining to straw; made of, or resembling, straw.
--Shak.
Stray \Stray\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Strayed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Straying}.] [OF. estraier, estraer, to stray, or as adj.,
stray, fr. (assumed) L. stratarius roving the streets, fr. L.
strata (sc. via) a paved road. See {Street}, and {Stray}, a.]
1. To wander, as from a direct course; to deviate, or go out
of the way.
Thames among the wanton valleys strays. --Denham.
2. To wander from company, or from the proper limits; to rove
at large; to roam; to go astray.
Now, until the break of day, Through this house each
fairy stray. --Shak.
A sheep doth very often stray. --Shak.
3. Figuratively, to wander from the path of duty or
rectitude; to err.
We have erred and strayed from thy ways. --??? of
Com. Prayer.
While meaner things, whom instinct leads, Are rarely
known to stray. --Cowper.
Syn: To deviate; err; swerve; rove; roam; wander.
Stray \Stray\, v. t.
To cause to stray. [Obs.] --Shak.
Stray \Stray\, a. [Cf. OF. estrai['e], p. p. of estraier. See
{Stray}, v. i., and cf. {Astray}, {Estray}.]
Having gone astray; strayed; wandering; as, a strayhorse or
sheep.
{Stray line} (Naut.), that portion of the log line which is
veered from the reel to allow the chip to get clear of the
stern eddies before the glass is turned.
{Stray mark} (Naut.), the mark indicating the end of the
stray line.
Stray \Stray\, n.
1. Any domestic animal that has an inclosure, or its proper
place and company, and wanders at large, or is lost; an
estray. Used also figuratively.
Seeing him wander about, I took him up for a stray.
--Dryden.
2. The act of wandering or going astray. [R.] --Shak.
Strayer \Stray"er\, n.
One who strays; a wanderer.
Stre \Stre\, n.
Straw. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Streak \Streak\, v. t. [Cf. {Stretch}, {Streek}.]
To stretch; to extend; hence, to lay out, as a dead body.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Streak \Streak\, n. [OE. streke; akin to D. streek a line,
stroke, G. strich, AS. strica, Sw. strek, Dan. streg, Goth.
stricks, and E. strike, stroke. See {Strike}, {Stroke}, n.,
and cf. {Strake}.]
1. A line or long mark of a different color from the ground;
a stripe; a vein.
What mean those colored streaks in heaven? --Milton.
2. (Shipbuilding) A strake.
3. (Min.) The fine powder or mark yielded by a mineral when
scratched or rubbed against a harder surface, the color of
which is sometimes a distinguishing character.
4. The rung or round of a ladder. [Obs.]
Streak \Streak\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Streaked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Streaking}.]
1. To form streaks or stripes in or on; to stripe; to
variegate with lines of a different color, or of different
colors.
A mule . . . streaked and dappled with white and
black. --Sandys.
Now streaked and glowing with the morning red.
--Prior.
2. With it as an object: To run swiftly. [Colloq.]
Streaked \Streaked\, a.
1. Marked or variegated with stripes.
2. Uncomfortable; out of sorts. [Local, U.S.]
Streaky \Streak"y\, a.
Same as {Streaked}, 1. ``The streaky west.'' --Cowper.
Stream \Stream\ (str[=e]m), n. [AS. stre['a]m; akin to OFries.
str[=a]m, OS. str[=o]m, D. stroom, G. strom, OHG. stroum,
str[=u]m, Dan. & Sw. str["o]m, Icel. straumr, Ir. sroth,
Lith. srove, Russ. struia, Gr. "ry`sis a flowing, "rei^n to
flow, Skr. sru. [root]174. Cf. {Catarrh}, {Diarrhea},
{Rheum}, {Rhythm}.]
1. A current of water or other fluid; a liquid flowing
continuously in a line or course, either on the earth, as
a river, brook, etc., or from a vessel, reservoir, or
fountain; specifically, any course of running water; as,
many streams are blended in the Mississippi; gas and steam
came from the earth in streams; a stream of molten lead
from a furnace; a stream of lava from a volcano.
2. A beam or ray of light. ``Sun streams.'' --Chaucer.
3. Anything issuing or moving with continued succession of
parts; as, a stream of words; a stream of sand. ``The
stream of beneficence.'' --Atterbury. ``The stream of
emigration.'' --Macaulay.
4. A continued current or course; as, a stream of weather.
``The very stream of his life.'' --Shak.
5. Current; drift; tendency; series of tending or moving
causes; as, the stream of opinions or manners.
{Gulf stream}. See under {Gulf}.
{Stream anchor}, {Stream cable}. (Naut.) See under {Anchor},
and {Cable}.
{Stream ice}, blocks of ice floating in a mass together in
some definite direction.
{Stream tin}, particles or masses of tin ore found in
alluvial ground; -- so called because a stream of water is
the principal agent used in separating the ore from the
sand and gravel.
{Stream works} (Cornish Mining), a place where an alluvial
deposit of tin ore is worked. --Ure.
{To float with the stream}, figuratively, to drift with the
current of opinion, custom, etc., so as not to oppose or
check it.
Syn: Current; flow; rush; tide; course.
Usage: {Stream}, {Current}. These words are often properly
interchangeable; but stream is the broader word,
denoting a prevailing onward course. The stream of the
Mississippi rolls steadily on to the Gulf of Mexico,
but there are reflex currents in it which run for a
while in a contrary direction.
Stream \Stream\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Streamed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Streaming}.]
1. To issue or flow in a stream; to flow freely or in a
current, as a fluid or whatever is likened to fluids; as,
tears streamed from her eyes.
Beneath those banks where rivers stream. --Milton.
2. To pour out, or emit, a stream or streams.
A thousand suns will stream on thee. --Tennyson.
3. To issue in a stream of light; to radiate.
4. To extend; to stretch out with a wavy motion; to float in
the wind; as, a flag streams in the wind.
Stream \Stream\, v. t.
To send forth in a current or stream; to cause to flow; to
pour; as, his eyes streamed tears.
It may so please that she at length will stream Some
dew of grace into my withered heart. --Spenser.
2. To mark with colors or embroidery in long tracts.
The herald's mantle is streamed with gold. --Bacon.
3. To unfurl. --Shak.
{To stream the buoy}. (Naut.) See under {Buoy}.
Streamer \Stream"er\, n.
1. An ensign, flag, or pennant, which floats in the wind;
specifically, a long, narrow, ribbonlike flag.
Brave Rupert from afar appears, Whose waving
streamers the glad general knows. --Dryden.
3. A stream or column of light shooting upward from the
horizon, constituting one of the forms of the aurora
borealis. --Macaulay.
While overhead the North's dumb streamers shoot.
--Lowell.
3. (Mining) A searcher for stream tin.
Streamful \Stream"ful\, a.
Abounding in streams, or in water. ``The streamful tide.''
--Drayton.
Streaminess \Stream"i*ness\, n.
The state of being streamy; a trailing. --R. A. Proctor.
Streaming \Stream"ing\, a.
Sending forth streams.
Streaming \Stream"ing\, n.
1. The act or operation of that which streams; the act of
that which sends forth, or which runs in, streams.
2. (Mining) The reduction of stream tin; also, the search for
stream tin.
Streamless \Stream"less\, a.
Destitute of streams, or of a stream, as a region of country,
or a dry channel.
Streamlet \Stream"let\, n.
A small stream; a rivulet; a rill.
Streamy \Stream"y\, a.
1. Abounding with streams, or with running water; streamful.
Arcadia However streamy now, adust and dry, Denied
the goddess water. --Prior.
2. Resembling a stream; issuing in a stream.
His nodding helm emits a streamy ray. --Pope.
Stree \Stree\, n.
Straw. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Streek \Streek\, v. t.
To stretch; also, to lay out, as a dead body. See {Streak}.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Streel \Streel\, v. i. [Cf. {Stroll}.]
To trail along; to saunter or be drawn along, carelessly,
swaying in a kind of zigzag motion. [Colloq.] --Thackeray.
Streen \Streen\, n.
See {Strene}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Street \Street\ (str[=e]t), n. [OE. strete, AS. str[=ae]t, fr.
L. strata (sc. via) a paved way, properly fem. p. p. of
sternere, stratum, to spread; akin to E. strew. See {Strew},
and cf. {Stratum}, {Stray}, v. & a.]
Originally, a paved way or road; a public highway; now
commonly, a thoroughfare in a city or village, bordered by
dwellings or business houses.
He removed [the body of] Amasa from the street unto the
field. --Coverdale.
At home or through the high street passing. --Milton.
Note: In an extended sense, street designates besides the
roadway, the walks, houses, shops, etc., which border
the thoroughfare.
His deserted mansion in Duke Street. --Macaulay.
{The street} (Broker's Cant), that thoroughfare of a city
where the leading bankers and brokers do business; also,
figuratively, those who do business there; as, the street
would not take the bonds.
{Street Arab}, {Street broker}, etc. See under {Arab},
{Broker}, etc.
{Street door}, a door which opens upon a street, or is
nearest the street.
Syn: See {Way}.
Streetwalker \Street"walk`er\, n.
A common prostitute who walks the streets to find customers.
Streetward \Street"ward`\, n.
An officer, or ward, having the care of the streets. [Obs.]
--Cowell.
Streetward \Street"ward\, a.
Facing toward the street.
Their little streetward sitting room. --Tennyson.
Streight \Streight\, a., n., & adv.
See 2nd {Strait}. [Obs.]
Streighten \Streight"en\, v. t.
See {Straiten}. [Obs.]
Strein \Strein\, v. t.
To strain. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Streit \Streit\, a. [See {Stretch}.]
Drawn. [Obs.]
Pyrrhus with his streite sword. --Chaucer.
Streit \Streit\, a.
Close; narrow; strict. [Obs.] See {Strait}.
Streite \Streite\, adv.
Narrowly; strictly; straitly. [Obs.]
Strelitz \Strel"itz\, n. sing. & pl. [Russ. strieli['e]ts' a
shooter, archer.]
A soldier of the ancient Muscovite guard or Russian standing
army; also, the guard itself.
Strelitzia \Stre*litz"i*a\, n. [NL., named after Charlotte,
Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and queen of George III of
Great Britain.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants related to the banana, found at the Cape of
Good Hope. They have rigid glaucous distichous leaves, and
peculiar richly colored flowers.
Strene \Strene\, n. [OE. stren, streen, streon, AS.
gestri['e]nan, gestr?nan, gestre['o]nan, to beget, to obtain,
gestre['o]n gain, wealth; akin to OHG. striunan to gain. Cf.
{Strian} race, family.]
Race; offspring; stock; breed; strain. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Strenger \Stren"ger\, Strengest \Stren"gest\,
the original compar. & superl. of {Strong}. [Obs.]
Two of us shall strenger be than one. --Chaucer.
Strength \Strength\, n. [OE. strengthe, AS. streng[eth]u, fr.
strang strong. See {Strong}.]
1. The quality or state of being strong; ability to do or to
bear; capacity for exertion or endurance, whether
physical, intellectual, or moral; force; vigor; power; as,
strength of body or of the arm; strength of mind, of
memory, or of judgment.
All his [Samson's] strength in his hairs were.
--Chaucer.
Thou must outlive Thy youth, thy strength, thy
beauty. --Milton.
2. Power to resist force; solidity or toughness; the quality
of bodies by which they endure the application of force
without breaking or yielding; -- in this sense opposed to
{frangibility}; as, the strength of a bone, of a beam, of
a wall, a rope, and the like. ``The brittle strength of
bones.'' --Milton.
3. Power of resisting attacks; impregnability. ``Our castle's
strength will laugh a siege to scorn.'' --Shak.
4. That quality which tends to secure results; effective
power in an institution or enactment; security; validity;
legal or moral force; logical conclusiveness; as, the
strength of social or legal obligations; the strength of
law; the strength of public opinion; strength of evidence;
strength of argument.
5. One who, or that which, is regarded as embodying or
affording force, strength, or firmness; that on which
confidence or reliance is based; support; security.
God is our refuge and strength. --Ps. xlvi. 1.
What they boded would be a mischief to us, you are
providing shall be one of our principal strengths.
--Sprat.
Certainly there is not a greater strength against
temptation. --Jer. Taylor.
6. Force as measured; amount, numbers, or power of any body,
as of an army, a navy, and the like; as, what is the
strength of the enemy by land, or by sea?
7. Vigor or style; force of expression; nervous diction; --
said of literary work.
And praise the easy vigor of a life Where Denham's
strength and Waller's sweetness join. --Pope.
8. Intensity; -- said of light or color.
Bright Ph[oe]bus in his strength. --Shak.
9. Intensity or degree of the distinguishing and essential
element; spirit; virtue; excellence; -- said of liquors,
solutions, etc.; as, the strength of wine or of acids.
10. A strong place; a stronghold. [Obs.] --Shak.
{On}, or {Upon}, {the strength of}, in reliance upon. ``The
allies, after a successful summer, are too apt, upon the
strength of it, to neglect their preparations for the
ensuing campaign.'' --Addison.
Syn: Force; robustness; toughness; hardness; stoutness;
brawniness; lustiness; firmness; puissance; support;
spirit; validity; authority. See {Force}.
Strength \Strength\, v. t.
To strengthen. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Strengthen \Strength"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Strengthened}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Strengthening}.]
1. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; as, to
strengthen a limb, a bridge, an army; to strengthen an
obligation; to strengthen authority.
Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the rest, . . . With
powerful policy strengthen themselves. --Shak.
2. To animate; to encourage; to fix in resolution.
Charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen
him. --Deut. iii.
28.
Syn: To invigorate; confirm; establish; fortify; animate;
encourage.
Strengthen \Strength"en\, v. i.
To grow strong or stronger.
The young disease, that must subdue at length, Grows
with his growth, and strengthens with his strength.
--Pope.
Strengthener \Strength"en*er\, n.
One who, or that which, gives or adds strength. --Sir W.
Temple.
Strengthening \Strength"en*ing\, a.
That strengthens; giving or increasing strength. --
{Strength"en*ing*ly}, adv.
{Strengthening plaster} (Med.), a plaster containing iron,
and supposed to have tonic effects.
Strengthful \Strength"ful\, a.
Abounding in strength; full of strength; strong. --
{Strength"ful*ness}, n.
Florence my friend, in court my faction Not meanly
strengthful. --Marston.
Strengthing \Strength"ing\, n.
A stronghold. [Obs.]
Strengthless \Strength"less\, a.
Destitute of strength. --Boyle.
Strengthner \Strength"ner\, n.
See {Strengthener}.
Strengthy \Strength"y\, a.
Having strength; strong. [Obs.]
Strenuity \Stre*nu"i*ty\, n. [L. strenuatis.]
Strenuousness; activity. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Strenuous \Stren"u*ous\, a. [L. strenuus; cf. Gr. ? strong,
hard, rough, harsh.]
Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent; earnest; bold;
valiant; intrepid; as, a strenuous advocate for national
rights; a strenuous reformer; a strenuous defender of his
country.
And spirit-stirring wine, that strenuous makes.
--Chapman.
Strenuous, continuous labor is pain. --I. Taylor.
-- {Stren"u*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Stren"u*ous*ness}, n.
Strepent \Strep"ent\, a. [L. strepens, p. pr. of strepere to
make a noise.]
Noisy; loud. [R.] --Shenstone.
Streperous \Strep"er*ous\, a. [LL. streperus, fr. L. strepere.
See {Strepent}, and cf. {Obstreperous}.]
Loud; boisterous. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Strepitores \Strep`i*to"res\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. strepitus
clamor.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of birds, including the clamatorial and picarian
birds, which do not have well developed singing organs.
Strepsipter \Strep*sip"ter\, Strepsipteran \Strep*sip"ter*an\,
n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the Strepsiptera.
Strepsiptera \Strep*sip"te*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a turning
(fr. ? to twist) + ? a wing.] (Zo["o]l.)
A group of small insects having the anterior wings
rudimentary, and in the form of short and slender twisted
appendages, while the posterior ones are large and
membranous. They are parasitic in the larval state on bees,
wasps, and the like; -- called also {Rhipiptera}. See Illust.
under {Rhipipter}.
Strepsipterous \Strep*sip"ter*ous\, a. [See {Strepsiptera}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to Strepsiptera.
Strepsorhina \Strep`so*rhi"na\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a turning
+ ?, ?, the nose.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Lemuroidea}.
Strepsorhine \Strep"so*rhine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having twisted nostrils; -- said of the lemurs. -- n.
(Zo["o]l.) One of the Strepsorhina; a lemur. See Illust.
under {Monkey}.
Streptobacteria \Strep`to*bac*te"ri*a\, n. pl.; sing.
{Streptobracterium}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? pliant, bent + E. & NL.
bacteria.] (Biol.)
A so-called variety of bacterium, consisting in reality of
several bacteria linked together in the form of a chain.
Streptococcus \Strep`to*coc"cus\, n.; pl. {Streptococci}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ? pliant, curved + ? a grain, seed.] (Biol.)
A long or short chain of micrococci, more or less curved.
Streptoneura \Strep`to*neu"ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? curved +
? a sinew.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extensive division of gastropod Mollusca in which the loop
or visceral nerves is twisted, and the sexes separate. It is
nearly to equivalent to Prosobranchiata.
Streptothrix \Strep"to*thrix\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? pliant, bent +
? a hair.] (Biol.)
A genus of bacilli occurring of the form of long, smooth and
apparently branched threads, either straight or twisted.
Stress \Stress\, n. [Abbrev. fr. distress; or cf. OF. estrecier
to press, pinch, (assumed) LL. strictiare, fr. L. strictus.
See {Distress}.]
1. Distress. [Obs.]
Sad hersal of his heavy stress. --Spenser.
2. Pressure, strain; -- used chiefly of immaterial things;
except in mechanics; hence, urgency; importance; weight;
significance.
The faculties of the mind are improved by exercise,
yet they must not be put to a stress beyond their
strength. --Locke.
A body may as well lay too little as too much stress
upon a dream. --L'Estrange.
3. (Mech. & Physics) The force, or combination of forces,
which produces a strain; force exerted in any direction or
manner between contiguous bodies, or parts of bodies, and
taking specific names according to its direction, or mode
of action, as thrust or pressure, pull or tension, shear
or tangential stress. --Rankine.
Stress is the mutual action between portions of
matter. --Clerk
Maxwell.
4. (Pron.) Force of utterance expended upon words or
syllables. Stress is in English the chief element in
accent and is one of the most important in emphasis. See
{Guide to pronunciation}, [sect][sect] 31-35.
5. (Scots Law) Distress; the act of distraining; also, the
thing distrained.
{Stress of voice}, unusual exertion of the voice.
{Stress of weather}, constraint imposed by continued bad
weather; as, to be driven back to port by stress of
weather.
{To lay stress upon}, to attach great importance to; to
emphasize. ``Consider how great a stress is laid upon this
duty.'' --Atterbury.
{To put stress upon}, or {To put to a stress}, to strain.
Stress \Stress\, v. t.
1. To press; to urge; to distress; to put to difficulties.
[R.] --Spenser.
2. To subject to stress, pressure, or strain.
Stressful \Stress"ful\, a.
Having much stress. --Rush.
Stretch \Stretch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stretched}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Stretching}.] [OE. strecchen, AS. streccan; akin to D.
strekken, G. strecken, OHG. strecchen, Sw. str["a]cka, Dan.
str[ae]kke; cf. AS. str[ae]ck, strec, strong, violent, G.
strack straight; of uncertain origin, perhaps akin to E.
strong. Cf. {Straight}.]
1. To reach out; to extend; to put forth.
And stretch forth his neck long and small.
--Chaucer.
I in conquest stretched mine arm. --Shak.
2. To draw out to the full length; to cause to extend in a
straight line; as, to stretch a cord or rope.
3. To cause to extend in breadth; to spread; to expand; as,
to stretch cloth; to stretch the wings.
4. To make tense; to tighten; to distend forcibly.
The ox hath therefore stretched his yoke in vain.
--Shak.
5. To draw or pull out to greater length; to strain; as, to
stretch a tendon or muscle.
Awake, my soul, stretch every nerve. --Doddridge.
6. To exaggerate; to extend too far; as, to stretch the
truth; to stretch one's credit.
They take up, one day, the most violent and
stretched prerogative. --Burke.
Stretch \Stretch\, v. i.
1. To be extended; to be drawn out in length or in breadth,
or both; to spread; to reach; as, the iron road stretches
across the continent; the lake stretches over fifty square
miles.
As far as stretcheth any ground. --Gower.
2. To extend or spread one's self, or one's limbs; as, the
lazy man yawns and stretches.
3. To be extended, or to bear extension, without breaking, as
elastic or ductile substances.
The inner membrane . . . because it would stretch
and yield, remained umbroken. --Boyle.
4. To strain the truth; to exaggerate; as, a man apt to
stretch in his report of facts. [Obs. or Colloq.]
5. (Naut.) To sail by the wind under press of canvas; as, the
ship stretched to the eastward. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
{Stretch out}, an order to rowers to extend themselves
forward in dipping the oar.
Stretch \Stretch\, n.
1. Act of stretching, or state of being stretched; reach;
effort; struggle; strain; as, a stretch of the limbs; a
stretch of the imagination.
By stretch of arms the distant shore to gain.
--Dryden.
Those put a lawful authority upon the stretch, to
the abuse of yower, under the color of prerogative.
--L'Estrange.
2. A continuous line or surface; a continuous space of time;
as, grassy stretches of land.
A great stretch of cultivated country. --W. Black.
But all of them left me a week at a stretch. --E.
Eggleston.
3. The extent to which anything may be stretched.
Quotations, in their utmost stretch, can signify no
more than that Luther lay under severe agonies of
mind. --Atterbury.
This is the utmost stretch that nature can.
--Granville.
4. (Naut.) The reach or extent of a vessel's progress on one
tack; a tack or board.
5. Course; direction; as, the stretch of seams of coal.
{To be on the stretch}, to be obliged to use one's utmost
powers.
{Home stretch}. See under {Home}, a.
Stretcher \Stretch"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, stretches.
2. (Masonry) A brick or stone laid with its longer dimension
in the line of direction of the wall. --Gwilt.
3. (Arch.) A piece of timber used in building.
4. (Naut.)
(a) A narrow crosspiece of the bottom of a boat against
which a rower braces his feet.
(b) A crosspiece placed between the sides of a boat to
keep them apart when hoisted up and griped. --Dana.
5. A litter, or frame, for carrying disabled, wounded, or
dead persons.
6. An overstretching of the truth; a lie. [Slang]
7. One of the rods in an umbrella, attached at one end to one
of the ribs, and at the other to the tube sliding upon the
handle.
8. An instrument for stretching boots or gloves.
9. The frame upon which canvas is stretched for a painting.
Stretching \Stretch"ing\,
a. & n. from {Stretch}, v.
{Stretching course} (Masonry), a course or series of
stretchers. See {Stretcher}, 2. --Britton.
Stretto \Stret"to\, n. [It., close or contacted, pressed.]
(Mus.)
(a) The crowding of answer upon subject near the end of a
fugue.
(b) In an opera or oratorio, a coda, or winding up, in an
accelerated time. [Written also {stretta}.]
Strew \Strew\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Strewed}; p. p. {strewn}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Strewing}.] [OE. strewen, strawen, AS.
strewian, stre['o]wian; akin to Ofries. strewa, OS. strewian,
D. strooijen, G. streuen, OHG. strewen, Icel. str[=a], Sw.
str["o], Dan. str["o]e, Goth. straujan, L. sternere, stratum,
Gr. ?, ?, Skr. st?. [root]166. Cf. {Stratum}, {Straw},
{Street}.]
1. To scatter; to spread by scattering; to cast or to throw
loosely apart; -- used of solids, separated or separable
into parts or particles; as, to strew seed in beds; to
strew sand on or over a floor; to strew flowers over a
grave.
And strewed his mangled limbs about the field.
--Dryden.
On a principal table a desk was open and many papers
[were] strewn about. --Beaconsfield.
2. To cover more or less thickly by scattering something over
or upon; to cover, or lie upon, by having been scattered;
as, they strewed the ground with leaves; leaves strewed
the ground.
The snow which does the top of Pindus strew.
--Spenser.
Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain?
--Pope.
3. To spread abroad; to disseminate.
She may strew dangerous conjectures. --Shak.
Strewing \Strew"ing\, n.
1. The act of scattering or spreading.
2. Anything that is, or may be, strewed; -- used chiefly in
the plural. --Shak.
Strewment \Strew"ment\, n.
Anything scattered, as flowers for decoration. [Obs.] --Shak.
Strewn \Strewn\,
p. p. of {Strew}.
Stria \Stri"a\, n.; pl. {Stri[ae]}. [L., a furrow, channel,
hollow.]
1. A minute groove, or channel; a threadlike line, as of
color; a narrow structural band or line; a striation; as,
the stri[ae], or groovings, produced on a rock by a
glacier passing over it; the stri[ae] on the surface of a
shell; a stria of nervous matter in the brain.
2. (Arch.) A fillet between the flutes of columns, pilasters,
or the like. --Oxf. Gloss.
Striate \Stri"ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Striated}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Striating}.] [See {Striate}, a.]
To mark with stria[ae]. ``Striated longitudinally.'' --Owen.
Striate \Stri"ate\, Striated \Stri"a*ted\, a. [L. striatus, p.
p. of striare to furnish with channels, from stria a
channel.]
Marked with stria[ae], or fine grooves, or lines of color;
showing narrow structural bands or lines; as, a striated
crystal; striated muscular fiber.
Striation \Stri*a"tion\, n.
1. The quality or condition of being striated.
2. A stria; as, the striations on a shell.
Striatum \Stri*a"tum\, n. [NL.] (Anat.)
The corpus striatum.
Striature \Stri"a*ture\, n. [L. striatura.]
A stria.
Strich \Strich\, n. [Cf. L. strix, strigs, a streech owl.]
(Zo["o]l.)
An owl. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Strick \Strick\, n.
A bunch of hackled flax prepared for drawing into slivers.
--Knight.
Stricken \Strick"en\, p. p. & a. from {Strike}.
1. Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
Note: [See {Strike}, n.]
2. Worn out; far gone; advanced. See {Strike}, v. t., 21.
Abraham was old and well stricken in age. --Gen.
xxiv. 1.
3. Whole; entire; -- said of the hour as marked by the
striking of a clock. [Scot.]
He persevered for a stricken hour in such a torrent
of unnecessary tattle. --Sir W.
Scott.
Speeches are spoken by the stricken hour, day after
day, week, perhaps, after week. --Bayne.
Strickle \Stric"kle\, n. [See {Strike}.]
1. An instrument to strike grain to a level with the measure;
a strike.
2. An instrument for whetting scythes; a rifle.
3. (Founding) An instrument used for smoothing the surface of
a core.
4. (Carp. & Mason.) A templet; a pattern.
5. An instrument used in dressing flax. [Prov. Eng.]
Strickler \Stric"kler\, n.
See {Strickle}.
Strickless \Strick"less\, n.
See {Strickle}. [Prov. Eng.]
Strict \Strict\, a. [Compar. {Stricter}; superl. {Strictest}.]
[L. strictus, p. p. of stringere to draw or bind tight, to
strain. See {Strain}, and cf. {Strait}, a.]
1. Strained; drawn close; tight; as, a strict embrace; a
strict ligature. --Dryden.
2. Tense; not relaxed; as, a strict fiber.
3. Exact; accurate; precise; rigorously nice; as, to keep
strict watch; to pay strict attention. --Shak.
It shall be still in strictest measure. --Milton.
4. Governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact
rules; severe; rigorous; as, very strict in observing the
Sabbath. ``Through the strict senteries.'' --Milton.
5. Rigidly; interpreted; exactly limited; confined;
restricted; as, to understand words in a strict sense.
6. (Bot.) Upright, or straight and narrow; -- said of the
shape of the plants or their flower clusters.
Syn: Exact; accurate; nice; close; rigorous; severe.
Usage: {Strict}, {Severe}. Strict, applied to a person,
denotes that he conforms in his motives and acts to a
principle or code by which he is bound; severe is
strict with an implication often, but not always, of
harshness. Strict is opposed to lax; severe is opposed
to gentle.
And rules as strict his labored work confine, As
if the Stagirite o'erlooked each line. --Pope.
Soon moved with touch of blame, thus Eve: -
``What words have passed thy lips, Adam
severe!'' --Milton.
{The Strict Observance}, or {Friars of the Strict
Observance}. (R. C. Ch.) See {Observance}.
Striction \Stric"tion\, n. [L. strictio. See {Stringent}.]
The act of constricting, or the state of being constricted.
{Line of striction} (Geom.), the line on a skew surface that
cuts each generator in that point of it that is nearest to
the succeeding generator.
Strictly \Strict"ly\, adv.
In a strict manner; closely; precisely.
Strictness \Strict"ness\, n.
Quality or state of being strict.
Stricture \Stric"ture\, n. [L. strictura a contraction, from
stringere, strictum, to draw tight: cf. F. stricture. See
{Strict}.]
1. Strictness. [Obs.]
A man of stricture and firm abstinence. --Shak.
2. A stroke; a glance; a touch. [Obs.] --Sir M. Hale.
3. A touch of adverse criticism; censure.
[I have] given myself the liberty of these
strictures by way of reflection on all and every
passage. --Hammond.
4. (Med.) A localized morbid contraction of any passage of
the body. Cf. {Organic stricture}, and {Spasmodic
stricture}, under {Organic}, and {Spasmodic}. --Arbuthnot.
Strictured \Stric"tured\, a. (Med.)
Affected with a stricture; as, a strictured duct.
Strid \Strid\, n. [See {Stride}.]
A narrow passage between precipitous rocks or banks, which
looks as if it might be crossed at a stride. [Prov. Eng.]
--Howitt.
This striding place is called the Strid. --Wordsworth.
Stride \Stride\, v. t. [imp. {Strode}(Obs. {Strid}); p. p.
{Stridden}(Obs. {Strid}); p. pr. & vb. n. {Striding}.] [AS.
str[=i]dan to stride, to strive; akin to LG. striden, OFries.
str[=i]da to strive, D. strijden to strive, to contend, G.
streiten, OHG. str[=i]tan; of uncertain origin. Cf.
{Straddle}.]
1. To walk with long steps, especially in a measured or
pompous manner.
Mars in the middle of the shining shield Is graved,
and strides along the liquid field. --Dryden.
2. To stand with the legs wide apart; to straddle.
Stride \Stride\, v. t.
1. To pass over at a step; to step over. ``A debtor that not
dares to stride a limit.'' --Shak.
2. To straddle; to bestride.
I mean to stride your steed. --Shak.
Stride \Stride\, n.
The act of stridding; a long step; the space measured by a
long step; as, a masculine stride. --Pope.
God never meant that man should scale the heavens By
strides of human wisdom. --Cowper.
Strident \Stri"dent\, a. [L. stridens, -entis, p. pr. of
stridere to make a grating or creaking noise.]
Characterized by harshness; grating; shrill. ``A strident
voice.'' --Thackeray.
Stridor \Stri"dor\, n. [L., from stridere to make any harsh,
grating, or creaking sound.]
A harsh, shrill, or creaking noise. --Dryden.
Stridulate \Strid"u*late\, v. t. [See {Stridulous}.]
To make a shrill, creaking noise; specifically (Zo["o]l.), to
make a shrill or musical sound, such as is made by the males
of many insects.
Stridulation \Strid`u*la"tion\, n.
The act of stridulating. Specifically: (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The act of making shrill sounds or musical notes by
rubbing together certain hard parts, as is done by the
males of many insects, especially by Orthoptera, such as
crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts.
(b) The noise itself.
Note: The crickets stridulate by rubbing together the strong
nervures of the fore wings. Many grasshoppers
stridulate by rubbing the hind legs across strong
nervures on the fore wings. The green grasshoppers and
katydids stridulate by means of special organs at the
base of the fore wings.
Stridulator \Strid"u*la`tor\, n. [NL.]
That which stridulates. --Darwin.
Stridulatory \Strid"u*la*to*ry\, a.
Stridulous; able to stridulate; used in stridulating; adapted
for stridulation. --Darwin.
Stridulous \Strid"u*lous\, a. [L. stridulus. See {Strident}.]
Making a shrill, creaking sound. --Sir T. Browne.
The Sarmatian boor driving his stridulous cart.
--Longfellow.
{Stridulous laryngitis} (Med.), a form of croup, or
laryngitis, in children, associated with dyspn[oe]a,
occurring usually at night, and marked by crowing or
stridulous breathing.
Strife \Strife\, n. [OF. estrif. See {Strive}.]
1. The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [Archaic] --Shak.
2. Exertion or contention for superiority; contest of
emulation, either by intellectual or physical efforts.
Doting about questions and strifes of words. --1
Tim. vi. 4.
Thus gods contended -- noble strife - Who most
should ease the wants of life. --Congreve.
3. Altercation; violent contention; fight; battle.
Twenty of them fought in this black strife. --Shak.
These vows, thus granted, raised a strife above
Betwixt the god of war and queen of love. --Dryden.
4. That which is contended against; occasion of contest.
[Obs.] ``Lamenting her unlucky strife.'' --Spenser.
Syn: Contest; struggle; quarrel. See {Contention}.
Strifeful \Strife"ful\, a.
Contentious; discordant.
The ape was strifeful and ambitious. --Spenser.
Strigate \Stri"gate\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having transverse bands of color.
Striges \Stri"ges\, n. pl. [L., pl. of strix a streech owl; cf.
Gr. ? a screaming night bird.] (Zo["o]l.)
The tribe of birds which comprises the owls.
Strigil \Strig"il\, n. [L. strigilis, from stringere to graze,
scrape.] (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)
An instrument of metal, ivory, etc., used for scraping the
skin at the bath.
Strigillose \Strig"il*lose`\, a. [Dim. fr. strigose.] (Bot.)
Set with stiff, slender bristles.
Strigine \Stri"gine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to owls; owl-like.
Strigment \Strig"ment\, n. [L. strigmentum.]
Scraping; that which is scraped off. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Strigose \Stri*gose"\, a. [Cf. F. strigueux. See {Strigil}.]
(Bot.)
Set with stiff, straight bristles; hispid; as, a strigose
leaf.
Strigous \Stri"gous\, a. (Bot.)
Strigose. [R.]
Strike \Strike\, v. t. [imp. {Struck}; p. p. {Struck},
{Stricken}({Stroock}, {Strucken}, Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Striking}. Struck is more commonly used in the p. p. than
stricken.] [OE. striken to strike, proceed, flow, AS.
str[=i]can to go, proceed, akin to D. strijken to rub,
stroke, strike, to move, go, G. streichen, OHG. str[=i]hhan,
L. stringere to touch lightly, to graze, to strip off (but
perhaps not to L. stringere in sense to draw tight), striga a
row, a furrow. Cf. {Streak}, {Stroke}.]
1. To touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or
with an instrument; to smite; to give a blow to, either
with the hand or with any instrument or missile.
He at Philippi kept His sword e'en like a dancer;
while I struck The lean and wrinkled Cassius.
--Shak.
2. To come in collision with; to strike against; as, a bullet
struck him; the wave struck the boat amidships; the ship
struck a reef.
3. To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to give a
force to; to dash; to cast.
They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the
two sideposts. --Ex. xii. 7.
Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow.
--Byron.
4. To stamp or impress with a stroke; to coin; as, to strike
coin from metal: to strike dollars at the mint.
5. To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate; to set in
the earth; as, a tree strikes its roots deep.
6. To punish; to afflict; to smite.
To punish the just is not good, nor strike princes
for equity. --Prov. xvii.
26.
7. To cause to sound by one or more beats; to indicate or
notify by audible strokes; as, the clock strikes twelve;
the drums strike up a march.
8. To lower; to let or take down; to remove; as, to strike
sail; to strike a flag or an ensign, as in token of
surrender; to strike a yard or a topmast in a gale; to
strike a tent; to strike the centering of an arch.
9. To make a sudden impression upon, as by a blow; to affect
sensibly with some strong emotion; as, to strike the mind,
with surprise; to strike one with wonder, alarm, dread, or
horror.
Nice works of art strike and surprise us most on the
first view. --Atterbury.
They please as beauties, here as wonders strike.
--Pope.
10. To affect in some particular manner by a sudden
impression or impulse; as, the plan proposed strikes me
favorably; to strike one dead or blind.
How often has stricken you dumb with his irony!
--Landor.
11. To cause or produce by a stroke, or suddenly, as by a
stroke; as, to strike a light.
Waving wide her myrtle wand, She strikes a
universal peace through sea and land. --Milton.
12. To cause to ignite; as, to strike a match.
13. To make and ratify; as, to strike a bargain.
Note: Probably borrowed from the L. f[oe]dus ferrire, to
strike a compact, so called because an animal was
struck and killed as a sacrifice on such occasions.
14. To take forcibly or fraudulently; as, to strike money.
[Old Slang]
15. To level, as a measure of grain, salt, or the like, by
scraping off with a straight instrument what is above the
level of the top.
16. (Masonry) To cut off, as a mortar joint, even with the
face of the wall, or inward at a slight angle.
17. To hit upon, or light upon, suddenly; as, my eye struck a
strange word; they soon struck the trail.
18. To borrow money of; to make a demand upon; as, he struck
a friend for five dollars. [Slang]
19. To lade into a cooler, as a liquor. --B. Edwards.
20. To stroke or pass lightly; to wave.
Behold, I thought, He will . . . strike his hand
over the place, and recover the leper. --2 Kings v.
11.
21. To advance; to cause to go forward; -- used only in past
participle. ``Well struck in years.'' --Shak.
{To strike an attitude}, {To strike a balance}. See under
{Attitude}, and {Balance}.
{To strike a jury} (Law), to constitute a special jury
ordered by a court, by each party striking out a certain
number of names from a prepared list of jurors, so as to
reduce it to the number of persons required by law.
--Burrill.
{To strike a lead}.
(a) (Mining) To find a vein of ore.
(b) Fig.: To find a way to fortune. [Colloq.]
{To strike} {a ledger, or an account}, to balance it.
{To strike hands with}.
(a) To shake hands with. --Halliwell.
(b) To make a compact or agreement with; to agree with.
{To strike off}.
(a) To erase from an account; to deduct; as, to strike
off the interest of a debt.
(b) (Print.) To impress; to print; as, to strike off a
thousand copies of a book.
(c) To separate by a blow or any sudden action; as, to
strike off what is superfluous or corrupt.
{To strike oil}, to find petroleum when boring for it;
figuratively, to make a lucky hit financially. [Slang,
U.S.]
{To strike one luck}, to shake hands with one and wish good
luck. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
{To strike out}.
(a) To produce by collision; to force out, as, to strike
out sparks with steel.
(b) To blot out; to efface; to erase. ``To methodize is
as necessary as to strike out.'' --Pope.
(c) To form by a quick effort; to devise; to invent; to
contrive, as, to strike out a new plan of finance.
(d) (Baseball) To cause a player to strike out; -- said
of the pitcher. See {To strike out}, under {Strike},
v. i.
{To strike sail}. See under {Sail}.
{To strike up}.
(a) To cause to sound; to begin to beat. ``Strike up the
drums.'' --Shak.
(b) To begin to sing or play; as, to strike up a tune.
(c) To raise (as sheet metal), in making diahes, pans,
etc., by blows or pressure in a die.
{To strike work}, to quit work; to go on a strike.
Strike \Strike\, v. i.
To move; to advance; to proceed; to take a course; as, to
strike into the fields.
A mouse . . . struck forth sternly [bodily]. --Piers
Plowman.
2. To deliver a quick blow or thrust; to give blows.
And fiercely took his trenchant blade in hand, With
which he stroke so furious and so fell. --Spenser.
Strike now, or else the iron cools. --Shak.
3. To hit; to collide; to dush; to clash; as, a hammer
strikes against the bell of a clock.
4. To sound by percussion, with blows, or as with blows; to
be struck; as, the clock strikes.
A deep sound strikes like a rising knell. --Byron.
5. To make an attack; to aim a blow.
A puny subject strikes At thy great glory. --Shak.
Struck for throne, and striking found his doom.
--Tennyson.
6. To touch; to act by appulse.
Hinder light but from striking on it [porphyry], and
its colors vanish. --Locke.
7. To run upon a rock or bank; to be stranded; as, the ship
struck in the night.
8. To pass with a quick or strong effect; to dart; to
penetrate.
Till a dart strike through his liver. --Prov. vii.
23.
Now and then a glittering beam of wit or passion
strikes through the obscurity of the poem. --Dryden.
9. To break forth; to commence suddenly; -- with into; as, to
strike into reputation; to strike into a run.
10. To lower a flag, or colors, in token of respect, or to
signify a surrender of a ship to an enemy.
That the English ships of war should not strike in
the Danish seas. --Bp. Burnet.
11. To quit work in order to compel an increase, or prevent a
reduction, of wages.
12. To become attached to something; -- said of the spat of
oysters.
13. To steal money. [Old Slang, Eng.] --Nares.
{To strike at}, to aim a blow at.
{To strike for}, to start suddenly on a course for.
{To strike home}, to give a blow which reaches its object, to
strike with effect.
{To strike in}.
(a) To enter suddenly.
(b) To disappear from the surface, with internal effects,
as an eruptive disease.
(c) To come in suddenly; to interpose; to interrupt. ``I
proposed the embassy of Constantinople for Mr.
Henshaw, but my Lord Winchelsea struck in.''
--Evelyn.
(d) To join in after another has begun,as in singing.
{To strike in with}, to conform to; to suit itself to; to
side with, to join with at once. ``To assert this is to
strike in with the known enemies of God's grace.''
--South.
{To strike out}.
(a) To start; to wander; to make a sudden excursion; as,
to strike out into an irregular course of life.
(b) To strike with full force.
(c) (Baseball) To be put out for not hitting the ball
during one's turn at the bat.
{To strike up}, to commence to play as a musician; to begin
to sound, as an instrument. ``Whilst any trump did sound,
or drum struck up.'' --Shak.
Strike \Strike\, n.
1. The act of striking.
2. An instrument with a straight edge for leveling a measure
of grain, salt, and the like, scraping off what is above
the level of the top; a strickle.
3. A bushel; four pecks. [Prov. Eng.] --Tusser.
4. An old measure of four bushels. [Prov. Eng.]
5. Fullness of measure; hence, excellence of quality.
Three hogsheads of ale of the first strike. --Sir W.
Scott.
6. An iron pale or standard in a gate or fence. [Obs.]
7. The act of quitting work; specifically, such an act by a
body of workmen, done as a means of enforcing compliance
with demands made on their employer.
Strikes are the insurrections of labor. --F. A.
Walker.
8. (Iron Working) A puddler's stirrer.
9. (Geol.) The horizontal direction of the outcropping edges
of tilted rocks; or, the direction of a horizontal line
supposed to be drawn on the surface of a tilted stratum.
It is at right angles to the dip.
10. The extortion of money, or the attempt to extort money,
by threat of injury; blackmailing.
{Strike block} (Carp.), a plane shorter than a jointer, used
for fitting a short joint. --Moxon.
{Strike of flax}, a handful that may be hackled at once.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Chaucer.
{Strike of sugar}. (Sugar Making)
(a) The act of emptying the teache, or last boiler, in
which the cane juice is exposed to heat, into the
coolers.
(b) The quantity of the sirup thus emptied at once.
Striker \Strik"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, strikes; specifically, a
blacksmith's helper who wields the sledge.
2. A harpoon; also, a harpooner.
Wherever we come to an anchor, we always send out
our strikers, and put out hooks and lines overboard,
to try fish. --Dampier.
3. A wencher; a lewd man. [Obs.] --Massinger.
4. A workman who is on a strike.
5. A blackmailer in politics; also, one whose political
influence can be bought. [Political Cant]
Striking \Strik"ing\,
a. & n. from {Strike}, v.
{Striking distance}, the distance through which an object can
be reached by striking; the distance at which a force is
effective when directed to a particular object.
{Striking plate}.
(a) The plate against which the latch of a door lock strikes
as the door is closed.
(b) A part of the centering of an arch, which is driven back
to loosen the centering in striking it.
Striking \Strik"ing\, a.
Affecting with strong emotions; surprising; forcible;
impressive; very noticeable; as, a striking representation or
image; a striking resemblance. ``A striking fact.'' --De
Quincey. -- {Strik"ing*ly}, adv. -- {Strik"ing*ness}, n.
Strikle \Strik"le\, n.
See {Strickle}.
String \String\ (str[i^]ng), n. [OE. string, streng, AS. streng;
akin to D. streng, G. strang, Icel. strengr, Sw. str["a]ng,
Dan. str[ae]ng; probably from the adj., E. strong (see
{Strong}); or perhaps originally meaning, twisted, and akin
to E. strangle.]
1. A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of
leather, or other substance, used for binding together,
fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread
and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet
string; a silken string. --Shak.
Round Ormond's knee thou tiest the mystic string.
--Prior.
2. A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are
strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence,
a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if
so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a
string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a
string of houses; a string of arguments. ``A string of
islands.'' --Gibbon.
3. A strip, as of leather, by which the covers of a book are
held together. --Milton.
4. The cord of a musical instrument, as of a piano, harp, or
violin; specifically (pl.), the stringed instruments of an
orchestra, in distinction from the wind instruments; as,
the strings took up the theme. ``An instrument of ten
strings.'' --Ps. xxx. iii. 2.
Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or
viol still. --Milton.
5. The line or cord of a bow. --Ps. xi. 2.
He twangs the grieving string. --Pope.
6. A fiber, as of a plant; a little, fibrous root.
Duckweed putteth forth a little string into the
water, from the bottom. --Bacon.
7. A nerve or tendon of an animal body.
The string of his tongue was loosed. --Mark vii.
35.
8. (Shipbuilding) An inside range of ceiling planks,
corresponding to the sheer strake on the outside and
bolted to it.
9. (Bot.) The tough fibrous substance that unites the valves
of the pericap of leguminous plants, and which is readily
pulled off; as, the strings of beans.
10. (Mining) A small, filamentous ramification of a metallic
vein. --Ure.
11. (Arch.) Same as {Stringcourse}.
12. (Billiards) The points made in a game.
{String band} (Mus.), a band of musicians using only, or
chiefly, stringed instruments.
{String beans}.
(a) A dish prepared from the unripe pods of several kinds
of beans; -- so called because the strings are
stripped off.
(b) Any kind of beans in which the pods are used for
cooking before the seeds are ripe; usually, the low
bush bean.
{To have two strings to one's bow}, to have a means or
expedient in reserve in case the one employed fails.
String \String\ (str[i^]ng), v. t. [imp. {Strung} (str[u^]ng);
p. p. {Strung} (R. {Stringed} (str[i^]ngd)); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stringing}.]
1. To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
Has not wise nature strung the legs and feet With
firmest nerves, designed to walk the street? --Gay.
2. To put in tune the strings of, as a stringed instrument,
in order to play upon it.
For here the Muse so oft her harp has strung, That
not a mountain rears its head unsung. --Addison.
3. To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.
4. To make tense; to strengthen.
Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood.
--Dryden.
5. To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to
string beans. See {String}, n., 9.
Stringboard \String"board`\ (-b[=o]rd`), n.
Same as {Stringpiece}.
Stringcourse \String"course`\ (-k[=o]rs`), n. (Arch.)
A horizontal band in a building, forming a part of the
design, whether molded, projecting, or carved, or in any way
distinguished from the rest of the work.
Stringed \Stringed\ (str[i^]ngd), a.
1. Having strings; as, a stringed instrument. --Ps. cl. 4.
2. Produced by strings. ``Answering the stringed noise.''
--Milton.
Stringency \Strin"gen*cy\ (str[i^]n"jen*s[y^]), n.
The quality or state of being stringent.
Stringendo \Strin"gen*do\, a. [It.] (Mus.)
Urging or hastening the time, as to a climax.
Stringent \Strin"gent\ (str[i^]n"jent), a. [L. stringens,
-entis, p. pr. of stringere to draw or bind tight. See
{Strain}.]
Binding strongly; making strict requirements; restrictive;
rigid; severe; as, stringent rules.
They must be subject to a sharper penal code, and to a
more stringent code of procedure. --Macaulay.
-- {Strin"gent*ly}, adv. -- {Strin"gent*ness}, n.
Stringer \String"er\ (str[i^]ng"[~e]r), n.
1. One who strings; one who makes or provides strings,
especially for bows.
Be content to put your trust in honest stringers.
--Ascham.
2. A libertine; a wencher. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
3. (Railroad) A longitudinal sleeper.
4. (Shipbuilding) A streak of planking carried round the
inside of a vessel on the under side of the beams.
5. (Carp.) A long horizontal timber to connect uprights in a
frame, or to support a floor or the like.
Stringhalt \String"halt`\, n. (Far.)
An habitual sudden twitching of the hinder leg of a horse, or
an involuntary or convulsive contraction of the muscles that
raise the hock. [Written also {springhalt}.]
Stringiness \String"i*ness\, n.
Quality of being stringy.
Stringless \String"less\, a.
Having no strings.
His tongue is now a stringless instrument. --Shak.
Stringpiece \String"piece`\, n. (Arch.)
(a) A long piece of timber, forming a margin or edge of any
piece of construction; esp.:
(b) One of the longitudinal pieces, supporting the treads and
rises of a flight or run of stairs.
Stringy \String"y\, a.
1. Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous;
filamentous; as, a stringy root.
2. Capable of being drawn into a string, as a glutinous
substance; ropy; viscid; gluely.
{Stringy bark} (Bot.), a name given in Australia to several
trees of the genus Eucalyptus (as {E. amygdalina, obliqua,
capitellata, macrorhyncha, piperita, pilularis, &
tetradonta}), which have a fibrous bark used by the
aborigines for making cordage and cloth.
Strip \Strip\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stripped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stripping}.] [OE. stripen, strepen, AS. str?pan in bestr?pan
to plunder; akin to D. stroopen, MHG. stroufen, G. streifen.]
1. To deprive; to bereave; to make destitute; to plunder;
especially, to deprive of a covering; to skin; to peel;
as, to strip a man of his possession, his rights, his
privileges, his reputation; to strip one of his clothes;
to strip a beast of his skin; to strip a tree of its bark.
And strippen her out of her rude array. --Chaucer.
They stripped Joseph out of his coat. --Gen. xxxvii.
23.
Opinions which . . . no clergyman could have avowed
without imminent risk of being stripped of his gown.
--Macaulay.
2. To divest of clothing; to uncover.
Before the folk herself strippeth she. --Chaucer.
Strip your sword stark naked. --Shak.
3. (Naut.) To dismantle; as, to strip a ship of rigging,
spars, etc.
4. (Agric.) To pare off the surface of, as land, in strips.
5. To deprive of all milk; to milk dry; to draw the last milk
from; hence, to milk with a peculiar movement of the hand
on the teats at the last of a milking; as, to strip a cow.
6. To pass; to get clear of; to outstrip. [Obs.]
When first they stripped the Malean promontory.
--Chapman.
Before he reached it he was out of breath, And then
the other stripped him. --Beau. & Fl.
7. To pull or tear off, as a covering; to remove; to wrest
away; as, to strip the skin from a beast; to strip the
bark from a tree; to strip the clothes from a man's back;
to strip away all disguisses.
To strip bad habits from a corrupted heart, is
stripping off the skin. --Gilpin.
8. (Mach.)
(a) To tear off (the thread) from a bolt or nut; as, the
thread is stripped.
(b) To tear off the thread from (a bolt or nut); as, the
bolt is stripped.
9. To remove the metal coating from (a plated article), as by
acids or electrolytic action.
10. (Carding) To remove fiber, flock, or lint from; -- said
of the teeth of a card when it becomes partly clogged.
11. To pick the cured leaves from the stalks of (tobacco) and
tie them into ``hands''; to remove the midrib from
(tobacco leaves).
Strip \Strip\, v. i.
1. To take off, or become divested of, clothes or covering;
to undress.
2. (Mach.) To fail in the thread; to lose the thread, as a
bolt, screw, or nut. See {Strip}, v. t., 8.
Strip \Strip\, n.
1. A narrow piece, or one comparatively long; as, a strip of
cloth; a strip of land.
2. (Mining) A trough for washing ore.
3. (Gunnery) The issuing of a projectile from a rifled gun
without acquiring the spiral motion. --Farrow.
Stripe \Stripe\, n. [OD. strijpe a stripe, streak; akin to LG.
stripe, D. streep, Dan. stribe, G. strief, striefen, MHG.
striefen to glide, march.]
1. A line, or long, narrow division of anything of a
different color or structure from the ground; hence, any
linear variation of color or structure; as, a stripe, or
streak, of red on a green ground; a raised stripe.
2. (Weaving) A pattern produced by arranging the warp threads
in sets of alternating colors, or in sets presenting some
other contrast of appearance.
3. A strip, or long, narrow piece attached to something of a
different color; as, a red or blue stripe sewed upon a
garment.
4. A stroke or blow made with a whip, rod, scourge, or the
like, such as usually leaves a mark.
Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed.
--Deut. xxv.
3.
5. A long, narrow discoloration of the skin made by the blow
of a lash, rod, or the like.
Cruelty marked him with inglorious stripes.
--Thomson.
6. Color indicating a party or faction; hence, distinguishing
characteristic; sign; likeness; sort; as, persons of the
same political stripe. [Colloq. U.S.]
7. pl. (Mil.) The chevron on the coat of a noncommissioned
officer.
{Stars and Stripes}. See under {Star}, n.
Stripe \Stripe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Striped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Striping}.]
1. To make stripes upon; to form with lines of different
colors or textures; to variegate with stripes.
2. To strike; to lash. [R.]
Striped \Striped\, a.
Having stripes of different colors; streaked.
{Striped bass}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Bass}.
{Striped maple} (Bot.), a slender American tree ({Acer
Pennsylvanicum}) with finely striped bark. Called also
{striped dogwood}, and {moosewood}.
{Striped mullet}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Mullet}, 2.
{Striped snake} (Zo["o]l.), the garter snake.
{Striped squirrel} (Zo["o]l.), the chipmunk.
Strip-leaf \Strip"-leaf`\, n.
Tobacco which has been stripped of its stalks before packing.
Stripling \Strip"ling\, n. [Dim. of strip; as if a small strip
from the main stock or steam.]
A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from
boyhood to manhood; a lad.
Inquire thou whose son the stripling is. --1 Sam. xvii.
56.
Stripper \Strip"per\, n.
One who, or that which, strips; specifically, a machine for
stripping cards.
Strippet \Strip"pet\, n. [Dim. of strip.]
A small stream. [Obs.] ``A little brook or strippet.''
--Holinshed.
Stripping \Strip"ping\, n.
1. The act of one who strips.
The mutual bows and courtesies . . . are remants of
the original prostrations and strippings of the
captive. --H. Spencer.
Never were cows that required such stripping. --Mrs.
Gaskell.
2. pl. The last milk drawn from a cow at a milking.
Strisores \Stri*so"res\, n. pl. [NL.; cf. L. stridere to creak,
whiz, buzz.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of passerine birds including the humming birds,
swifts, and goatsuckers. It is now generally considered an
artificial group.
Strive \Strive\, v. i. [imp. {Strove}; p. p. {Striven}(Rarely,
{Strove}); p. pr. & vb. n. {Striving}.] [OF. estriver; of
Teutonic origin, and akin to G. streben, D. streven, Dan.
str[ae]be, Sw. str["a]fva. Cf. {Strife}.]
1. To make efforts; to use exertions; to endeavor with
earnestness; to labor hard.
Was for this his ambition strove To equal C[ae]sar
first, and after, Jove? --Cowley.
2. To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute;
to contend; to contest; -- followed by against or with
before the person or thing opposed; as, strive against
temptation; strive for the truth. --Chaucer.
My Spirit shall not always strive with man. --Gen.
vi. 3.
Why dost thou strive against him? --Job xxxiii.
13.
Now private pity strove with public hate, Reason
with rage, and eloquence with fate. --Denham.
3. To vie; to compete; to be a rival. --Chaucer.
[Not] that sweet grove Of Daphne, by Orontes and the
inspired Castalian spring, might with this paradise
Of Eden strive. --Milton.
Syn: To contend; vie; struggle; endeavor; aim.
Strive \Strive\, n.
1. An effort; a striving. [R.] --Chapman.
2. Strife; contention. [Obs.] --Wyclif (luke xxi. 9).
Strived \Strived\, obs. p. p. of {Strive}.
Striven.
Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel. --Rom. xv.
20.
Striven \Striv"en\,
p. p. of {Strive}.
Striver \Striv"er\, n.
One who strives.
Striving \Striv"ing\,
a. & n. from {Strive}. -- {Striv"ing*ly}, adv.
Strix \Strix\, n. [L. strix, strigis.] (Arch.)
One of the flutings of a column.
Stroam \Stroam\, v. i. [Prov. E. strome to walk with long
strides.]
1. To wander about idly and vacantly. [Obs.]
2. To take long strides in walking. [Prov. Eng.]
Strobila \Stro*bi"la\, n.; pl. {Strobil[ae]}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
anything twisted, a pine cone.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A form of the larva of certain Discophora in a state
of development succeeding the scyphistoma. The body of
the strobila becomes elongated, and subdivides
transversely into a series of lobate segments which
eventually become ephyr[ae], or young medus[ae].
(b) A mature tapeworm.
Strobilaceous \Strob`i*la"ceous\, a. [See {Strobila}.] (Bot.)
(a) Of or pertaining to a strobile or cone.
(b) Producing strobiles.
Strobilation \Strob`i*la"tion\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The act or phenomenon of spontaneously dividing transversely,
as do certain species of annelids and helminths; transverse
fission. See Illust. under {Syllidian}.
Strobile \Strob"ile\, n. [L. strobilus a pine cone, Gr. ?: cf.
F. strobole.] [Written also {strobil}.]
1. (Bot.) A scaly multiple fruit resulting from the ripening
of an ament in certain plants, as the hop or pine; a cone.
See {Cone}, n., 3.
2. (Biol.) An individual asexually producing sexual
individuals differing from itself also in other respects,
as the tapeworm, -- one of the forms that occur in
metagenesis.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Strobila}.
Strobiliform \Stro*bil"i*form\, a.
Shaped like a strobile.
Strobiline \Strob"i*line\, a.
Of or pertaining to a strobile; strobilaceous; strobiliform;
as, strobiline fruits.
Stroboscope \Strob"o*scope\, n. [Gr. ? a whirling + -scope.]
1. An instrument for studying or observing the successive
phases of a periodic or varying motion by means of light
which is periodically interrupted.
2. An optical toy similar to the phenakistoscope. See
{Phenakistoscope}.
Strockle \Stroc"kle\, n. (Glass Manuf.)
A shovel with a turned-up edge, for frit, sand, etc. [Written
also {strocal}, {strocle}, {strokal}.]
Strode \Strode\, n.
See {Strude}. [Obs.]
Strode \Strode\,
imp. of {Stride}.
Stroke \Stroke\, obs. imp. of {Strike}.
Struck.
Stroke \Stroke\, n. [OE. strok, strook, strak, fr. striken. See
{Strike}, v. t.]
1. The act of striking; a blow; a hit; a knock; esp., a
violent or hostile attack made with the arm or hand, or
with an instrument or weapon.
His hand fetcheth a stroke with the ax to cut down
the tree. --Deut. xix.
5.
A fool's lips enter into contention and his mouth
calleth for strokes. --Prov. xviii.
6.
He entered and won the whole kingdom of Naples
without striking a stroke. --Bacon.
2. The result of effect of a striking; injury or affliction;
soreness.
In the day that Lord bindeth up the breach of his
people, and healeth the stroke of their wound.
--Isa. xxx.
26.
3. The striking of the clock to tell the hour.
Well, but what's o'clock? - Upon the stroke of ten.
-- Well, let is strike. --Shak.
4. A gentle, caressing touch or movement upon something; a
stroking. --Dryden.
5. A mark or dash in writing or printing; a line; the touch
of a pen or pencil; as, an up stroke; a firm stroke.
O, lasting as those colors may they shine, Free as
thy stroke, yet faultless as thy line. --Pope.
6. Hence, by extension, an addition or amandment to a written
composition; a touch; as, to give some finishing strokes
to an essay. --Addison.
7. A sudden attack of disease; especially, a fatal attack; a
severe disaster; any affliction or calamity, especially a
sudden one; as, a stroke of apoplexy; the stroke of death.
At this one stroke the man looked dead in law.
--Harte.
8. A throb or beat, as of the heart. --Tennyson.
9. One of a series of beats or movements against a resisting
medium, by means of which movement through or upon it is
accomplished; as, the stroke of a bird's wing in flying,
or an oar in rowing, of a skater, swimmer, etc.; also:
(Rowing)
(a) The rate of succession of stroke; as, a quick stroke.
(b) The oar nearest the stern of a boat, by which the
other oars are guided; -- called also {stroke oar}.
(c) The rower who pulls the stroke oar; the strokesman.
10. A powerful or sudden effort by which something is done,
produced, or accomplished; also, something done or
accomplished by such an effort; as, a stroke of genius; a
stroke of business; a master stroke of policy.
11. (Mach.) The movement, in either direction, of the piston
plunger, piston rod, crosshead, etc., as of a steam
engine or a pump, in which these parts have a
reciprocating motion; as, the forward stroke of a piston;
also, the entire distance passed through, as by a piston,
in such a movement; as, the piston is at half stroke.
Note: The respective strokes are distinguished as up and down
strokes, outward and inward strokes, forward and back
strokes, the forward stroke in stationary steam engines
being toward the crosshead, but in locomotives toward
the front of the vehicle.
12. Power; influence. [Obs.] ``Where money beareth [hath] all
the stroke.'' --Robynson (More's Utopia).
He has a great stroke with the reader. --Dryden.
13. Appetite. [Obs.] --Swift.
{To keep stroke}, to make strokes in unison.
The oars where silver, Which to the tune of flutes
kept stroke. --Shak.
Stroke \Stroke\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Strokeed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Strokeing}.] [OE. stroken, straken, AS. str[=a]cian, fr.
str[=i]can to go over, pass. See {Strike}, v. t., and cf.
{Straggle}.]
1. To strike. [Obs.]
Ye mote with the plat sword again Stroken him in the
wound, and it will close. --Chaucer.
2. To rib gently in one direction; especially, to pass the
hand gently over by way of expressing kindness or
tenderness; to caress; to soothe.
He dried the falling drops, and, yet more kind, He
stroked her cheeks. --Dryden.
3. To make smooth by rubbing. --Longfellow.
4. (Masonry) To give a finely fluted surface to.
5. To row the stroke oar of; as, to stroke a boat.
Stroker \Strok"er\, n.
One who strokes; also, one who pretends to cure by stroking.
Cures worked by Greatrix the stroker. --Bp.
Warburton.
Strokesman \Strokes"man\, n.; pl. {Strokesman}. (Rowing)
The man who rows the aftermost oar, and whose stroke is to be
followed by the rest. --Totten.
Stroking \Strok"ing\, n.
1. The act of rubbing gently with the hand, or of smoothing;
a stroke.
I doubt not with one gentle stroking to wipe away
ten thousand tears. --Milton.
2. (Needlework) The act of laying small gathers in cloth in
regular order.
3. pl. See {Stripping}, 2. --Smollett.
Stroll \Stroll\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Strolled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Strolling}.] [Cf. Dan. stryge to stroll, Sw. stryka to
stroke, to ramble, dial. Sw. strykel one who strolls about,
Icel. strj?ka to stroke, D. struikelen to stumble, G.
straucheln. Cf. {Struggle}.]
To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove.
These mothers stroll to beg sustenance for their
helpless infants. --Swift.
Syn: To rove; roam; range; stray.
Stroll \Stroll\, n.
A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble.
Stroller \Stroll"er\, n.
One who strolls; a vagrant.
Stroma \Stro"ma\, n.; pl. {Stromata}. [L., a bed covering, Gr. ?
a couch or bed.]
1. (Anat.)
(a) The connective tissue or supporting framework of an
organ; as, the stroma of the kidney.
(b) The spongy, colorless framework of a red blood
corpuscle or other cell.
2. (Bot.) A layer or mass of cellular tissue, especially that
part of the thallus of certain fungi which incloses the
perithecia.
Stromatic \Stro*mat"ic\, a. [Gr. ? coverlet of a bed, pl. ?
patchwork (for such a coverlet), also applied to several
miscellaneous writings, fr. ? anything spread out for resting
upon, a bed, fr. ? to spread out.]
Miscellaneous; composed of different kinds.
Stromatology \Stro`ma*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, a bed + -logy.]
(Geol.)
The history of the formation of stratified rocks.
Stromb \Stromb\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any marine univalve mollusk of the genus Strombus and allied
genera. See {Conch}, and {Strombus}.
Strombite \Strom"bite\, n. (Paleon.)
A fossil shell of the genus Strombus.
Stromboid \Strom"boid\, a. [Strombus + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of, pertaining to, or like, Strombus.
Strombuliform \Strom*bu"li*form\, a. [NL. strombulus, dim. of
strombus + -form. See {Strombus}.]
1. (Geol.) Formed or shaped like a top.
2. (Bot.) Coiled into the shape of a screw or a helix.
Strombus \Strom"bus\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of marine gastropods in which the shell has the outer
lip dilated into a broad wing. It includes many large and
handsome species commonly called {conch shells}, or {conchs}.
See {Conch}.
Stromeyerite \Stro"mey`er*ite\, n. [So named from the German
chemist Friedrich Stromeyer.] (Min.)
A steel-gray mineral of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of
silver and copper.
Strond \Strond\, n.
Strand; beach. [Obs.] --Shak.
Strong \Strong\, a. [Compar. {Stronger}; superl. {Strongest}.]
[AS. strang, strong; akin to D. & G. streng strict, rigorous,
OHG. strengi strong, brave, harsh, Icel. strangr strong,
severe, Dan. streng, Sw. str["a]ng strict, severe. Cf.
{Strength}, {Stretch}, {String}.]
1. Having active physical power, or great physical power to
act; having a power of exerting great bodily force;
vigorous.
That our oxen may be strong to labor. --Ps. cxliv.
14.
Orses the strong to greater strength must yield.
--Dryden.
2. Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or
endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong
constitution; strong health.
3. Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able to
withstand violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily
subdued or taken; as, a strong beam; a strong rock; a
strong fortress or town.
4. Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a
strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.
5. Having great wealth, means, or resources; as, a strong
house, or company of merchants.
6. Reaching a certain degree or limit in respect to strength
or numbers; as, an army ten thousand strong.
7. Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible;
impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind
was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.
8. Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind
or imagination; striking or superior of the kind;
powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong
reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong
language.
9. Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong
partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.
Her mother, ever strong against that match. --Shak.
10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular
quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or
tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.
11. Full of spirit; containing a large proportion of alcohol;
intoxicating; as, strong liquors.
12. Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors,
etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
13. Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat. --Heb. v. 12.
14. Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered;
as, a strong custom; a strong belief.
15. Violent; vehement; earnest; ardent.
He had offered up prayers and supplications with
strong crying and tears. --Heb. v. 7.
16. Having great force, vigor, power, or the like, as the
mind, intellect, or any faculty; as, a man of a strong
mind, memory, judgment, or imagination.
I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism.
--Dryden.
17. Vigorous; effective; forcible; powerful.
Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song, As
high, as sweet, as easy, and as strong. --E. Smith.
18. (Stock Exchange) Tending to higher prices; rising; as, a
strong market.
19. (Gram.)
(a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its
preterit (imperfect) by a variation in the root
vowel, and the past participle (usually) by the
addition of -en (with or without a change of the root
vowel); as in the verbs strive, strove, striven;
break, broke, broken; drink, drank, drunk. Opposed to
weak, or regular. See {Weak}.
(b) Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain
the old declensional endings. In the Teutonic
languages the vowel stems have held the original
endings most firmly, and are called strong; the stems
in -n are called weak other constant stems conform,
or are irregular. --F. A. March.
{Strong conjugation} (Gram.), the conjugation of a strong
verb; -- called also {old, or irregular, conjugation}, and
distinguished from the {weak, or regular, conjugation}.
Note: Strong is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, strong-backed,
strong-based, strong-bodied, strong-colored,
strong-fisted, strong-handed, strong-ribbed,
strong-smelling, strong-voiced, etc.
Syn: Vigorous; powerful; stout; solid; firm; hardy; muscular;
forcible; cogent; valid. See {Robust}.
Stronghand \Strong"hand`\, n.
Violence; force; power.
It was their meaning to take what they needed by
stronghand. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Stronghold \Strong"hold`\, n.
A fastness; a fort or fortress; fortfield place; a place of
security.
Strongish \Strong"ish\, a.
Somewhat strong.
Strongly \Strong"ly\, adv.
In a strong manner; so as to be strong in action or in
resistance; with strength; with great force; forcibly;
powerfully; firmly; vehemently; as, a town strongly
fortified; he objected strongly.
Strong-minded \Strong"-mind`ed\, a.
Having a vigorous mind; esp., having or affecting masculine
qualities of mind; -- said of women. --
{Strong"-mind`ed*ness}, n.
Strong-water \Strong"-wa`ter\, n.
1. An acid. [Obs.]
2. Distilled or ardent spirits; intoxicating liquor.
Strongylid \Stron"gy*lid\, a. & n. (Zo["o]l.)
Strongyloid.
Strongyloid \Stron"gy*loid\, a. [NL. Strongylus the genus (from
Gr. ? round) + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Like, or pertaining to, {Strongylus}, a genus of parasitic
nematode worms of which many species infest domestic animals.
Some of the species, especially those living in the kidneys,
lungs, and bronchial tubes, are often very injurious. -- n. A
strongyloid worm.
Strontia \Stron"ti*a\, n. [NL. strontia, fr. Strontian, in
Argyleshire, Scotland, where strontianite was first found.]
(Chem.)
An earth of a white color resembling lime in appearance, and
baryta in many of its properties. It is an oxide of the metal
strontium.
Strontian \Stron"ti*an\, n. (Min.)
Strontia.
Strontianite \Stron"ti*an*ite\, n. (Min.)
Strontium carbonate, a mineral of a white, greenish, or
yellowish color, usually occurring in fibrous massive forms,
but sometimes in prismatic crystals.
Strontic \Stron"tic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to strontium; containing, or designating the
compounds of, strontium.
Strontitic \Stron*tit"ic\, a.
Strontic.
Strontium \Stron"ti*um\, n. [NL. See {Strontia}.] (Chem.)
A metallic element of the calcium group, always naturally
occurring combined, as in the minerals strontianite,
celestite, etc. It is isolated as a yellowish metal, somewhat
malleable but harder than calcium. It is chiefly employed (as
in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. Symbol Sr.
Atomic weight 87.3.
Strook \Strook\, obs.
imp. of {Strike}. --Dryden.
Strook \Strook\, n.
A stroke. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Stroot \Stroot\, v. t. [Cf. {Strut}, v. i.]
To swell out; to strut. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Strop \Strop\, n. [See {Strap}.]
A strap; specifically, same as {Strap}, 3.
Strop \Strop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stropped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stropping}.]
To draw over, or rub upon, a strop with a view to sharpen;
as, to strop a razor.
Strop \Strop\, n. [Cf. F. estrope, ['e]trope, fr. L. struppus.
See {Strop} a strap.] (Naut.)
A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round
a block for hanging it.
Strophanthus \Stro*phan"thus\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? a turning + ?
a flower.] (Bot.)
A genus of tropical apocynaceous shrubs having singularly
twisted flowers. One species ({Strophanthus hispidus}) is
used medicinally as a cardiac sedative and stimulant.
Strophe \Stro"phe\, n.; pl. {Strophes}. [NL., from Gr. ?, fr. ?
to twist, to turn; perh. akin to E. strap.]
In Greek choruses and dances, the movement of the chorus
while turning from the right to the left of the orchestra;
hence, the strain, or part of the choral ode, sung during
this movement. Also sometimes used of a stanza of modern
verse. See the Note under {Antistrophe}.
Strophic \Stroph"ic\, a.
Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, strophes.
Strophiolate \Stro"phi*o*late\, Strophiolated
\Stro"phi*o*la`ted\, a. (Bot.)
Furnished with a strophiole, or caruncle, or that which
resembles it. --Gray.
Strophiole \Stro"phi*ole\, n. [L. strophiolum a little chaplet,
dim. of strophium a band, Gr. ?, dim. of ? a twisted band:
cf. F. strophiole.] (Bot.)
A crestlike excrescence about the hilum of certain seeds; a
caruncle.
Strophulus \Stroph"u*lus\, n. [NL.] (Med.)
See {Red-gum}, 1.
Stroud \Stroud\, n.
A kind of coarse blanket or garment used by the North
American Indians.
Strouding \Stroud"ing\, n.
Material for strouds; a kind of coarse cloth used in trade
with the North American Indians.
Strout \Strout\, v. i. [See {Strut}.]
To swell; to puff out; to project. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Strout \Strout\, v. t.
To cause to project or swell out; to enlarge affectedly; to
strut. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Strove \Strove\,
imp. of {Strive}.
Strow \Strow\, v. t. [imp. {Strowed}; p. p. {Strown}or
{Strowed}.]
Same as {Strew}.
Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In
Vallombrosa. --Milton.
A manner turbid . . . and strown with blemished. --M.
Arnold.
Strowl \Strowl\, v. i.
To stroll. [Obs.]
Strown \Strown\,
p. p. of {Strow}.
Stroy \Stroy\, v. i.
To destroy. [Obs.] --Tusser.
Struck \Struck\,
imp. & p. p. of {Strike}.
{Struck jury} (Law), a special jury, composed of persons
having special knowledge or qualifications, selected by
striking from the panel of jurors a certain number for
each party, leaving the number required by law to try the
cause.
Strucken \Struck"en\, obs.
p. p. of {Strike}. --Shak.
Structural \Struc"tur*al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; as, a
structural error.
2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to organit structure; as, a
structural element or cell; the structural peculiarities
of an animal or a plant.
{Structural formula}. (Chem.) See {Rational formula}, under
{Formula}.
Structure \Struc"ture\, n. [L. structura, from struere,
structum, to arrange, build, construct; perhaps akin to E.
strew: cf. F. structure. Cf. {Construe}, {Destroy},
{Instrument}, {Obstruct}.]
1. The act of building; the practice of erecting buildings;
construction. [R.]
His son builds on, and never is content Till the
last farthing is in structure spent. --J. Dryden,
Jr.
2. Manner of building; form; make; construction.
Want of insight into the structure and constitution
of the terraqueous globe. --Woodward.
3. Arrangement of parts, of organs, or of constituent
particles, in a substance or body; as, the structure of a
rock or a mineral; the structure of a sentence.
It [basalt] has often a prismatic structure. --Dana.
4. (Biol.) Manner of organization; the arrangement of the
different tissues or parts of animal and vegetable
organisms; as, organic structure, or the structure of
animals and plants; cellular structure.
5. That which is built; a building; esp., a building of some
size or magnificence; an edifice.
There stands a structure of majestic frame. --Pope.
{Columnar structure}. See under {Columnar}.
Structured \Struc"tured\, a. (Biol.)
Having a definite organic structure; showing differentiation
of parts.
The passage from a structureless state to a structured
state is itself a vital process. --H. Spencer.
Structureless \Struc"ture*less\, a.
Without a definite structure, or arrangement of parts;
without organization; devoid of cells; homogeneous; as, a
structureless membrane.
Structurist \Struc"tur*ist\, n.
One who forms structures; a builder; a constructor. [R.]
Strude \Strude\, n.
A stock of breeding mares. [Written also {strode}.] [Obs.]
--Bailey.
Struggle \Strug"gle\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Struggled}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Struggling}.] [OE. strogelen; cf. Icel. strj?ka to
stroke, to beat, to flog, Sw. stryka to stroke, to strike,
Dan. stryge, G. straucheln to stumble. Cf. {Stroll}.]
1. To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with
contortions of the body.
2. To use great efforts; to labor hard; to strive; to contend
forcibly; as, to struggle to save one's life; to struggle
with the waves; to struggle with adversity.
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here,
have consecrated it [Gettysburg] far above our power
to add or detract. --Lincoln.
3. To labor in pain or anguish; to be in agony; to labor in
any kind of difficulty or distress.
'T is wisdom to beware, And better shun the bait
than struggle in the snare. --Dryden.
Syn: To strive; contend; labor; endeavor.
Struggle \Strug"gle\, n.
1. A violent effort or efforts with contortions of the body;
agony; distress.
2. Great labor; forcible effort to obtain an object, or to
avert an evil. --Macaulay.
3. Contest; contention; strife.
An honest might look upon the struggle with
indifference. --Addison.
Syn: Endeavor; effort; contest; labor; difficulty.
Struggler \Strug"gler\, n.
One who struggles.
Strull \Strull\, n.
A bar so placed as to resist weight.
Strum \Strum\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Strummed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Strumming}.] [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. {Thrum}.]
To play on an instrument of music, or as on an instrument, in
an unskillful or noisy way; to thrum; as, to strum a piano.
Struma \Stru"ma\, n. [L., a scrofulous tumor.]
1. (Med.) Scrofula.
2. (Bot.) A cushionlike swelling on any organ; especially,
that at the base of the capsule in many mosses.
Strumatic \Stru*mat"ic\, a.
Scrofulous; strumous.
Strumose \Stru*mose"\, a. [L. strumosus: cf. F. strumeux.]
1. (Med.) Strumous.
2. (Bot.) Having a struma.
Strumous \Stru"mous\, a. (Med.)
Scrofulous; having struma.
Strumousness \Stru"mous*ness\, n.
The state of being strumous.
Strumpet \Strum"pet\, n. [OE. strumpet, strompet; cf. OF. stupe
debauchery, F. stupe, L. stuprare, stupratum, to debauch,
stuprum debauchery, Gael. & Ir. striopach a prostitute.]
A prostitute; a harlot. --Shak.
Strumpet \Strum"pet\, a.
Of or pertaining to a strumpet; characteristic of a strumpet.
Out on thy more than strumpet impudence. --B. Jonson.
Strumpet \Strum"pet\, v. t.
1. To debauch. [Obs.] --Shak.
2. To dishonor with the reputation of being a strumpet;
hence, to belie; to slander.
With his untrue reports, strumpet your fame.
--Massinger.
Strumstrum \Strum"strum\, n.
A rude musical instrument somewhat like a cittern. [R.]
--Dampier.
Strung \Strung\,
imp. & p. p. of {String}.
Strunt \Strunt\, n.
Spirituous liquor. [Scot.] --Burns.
Struntian \Strun"tian\, n.
A kind of worsted braid, about an inch broad. [Scot.]
--Jamieson.
Struse \Struse\, n. [Russ. strug'.] (Naut.)
A Russian river craft used for transporting freight.
Strut \Strut\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Strutted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Strutting}.] [OE. struten, strouten, to swell; akin to G.
strozen to be swelled, to be puffed up, to strut, Dan.
strutte.]
1. To swell; to bulge out. [R.]
The bellying canvas strutted with the gale.
--Dryden.
2. To walk with a lofty, proud gait, and erect head; to walk
with affected dignity.
Does he not hold up his head, . . . and strut in his
gait? --Shak.
Strut \Strut\, n. [For senses 2 & 3 cf. LG. strutt rigid.]
1. The act of strutting; a pompous step or walk.
2. (Arch.) In general, any piece of a frame which resists
thrust or pressure in the direction of its own length. See
{Brace}, and Illust. of {Frame}, and {Roof}.
3. (Engin.) Any part of a machine or structure, of which the
principal function is to hold things apart; a brace
subjected to compressive stress; -- the opposite of stay,
and tie.
Strut \Strut\, v. t.
To hold apart. Cf. {Strut}, n., 3.
Strut \Strut\, a.
Protuberant. [Obs.] --Holland.
Struthian \Stru"thi*an\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Struthious.
Struthio \Stru"thi*o\, n.; pl. {Struthiones}. [L., an ostrich,
fr. Gr. ?.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of birds including the African ostriches.
Struthioidea \Stru`thi*oi"de*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Struthio}, and
{-oid}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Struthiones}.
Struthiones \Stru`thi*o"nes\, n. pl. [NL. See {Struthio}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
(a) A division, or order, of birds, including only the
African ostriches.
(b) In a wider sense, an extensive group of birds including
the ostriches, cassowaries, emus, moas, and allied birds
incapable of flight. In this sense it is equivalent to
{Ratit[ae]}, or {Drom[ae]ognath[ae]}.
Struthionine \Stru`thi*o"nine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Struthious.
Struthious \Stru"thi*ous\, a. [L. struthius, strutheus.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Struthiones, or Ostrich tribe.
Strutter \Strut"ter\, n.
One who struts.
Strutting \Strut"ting\,
a. & n. from {Strut}, v. -- {Strut"ting*ly}, adv.
Struvite \Struv"ite\, n. [After the Russian minister Von
Struve.] (Min.)
A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous
phosphate of magnesia and ammonia.
Strychnia \Strych"ni*a\, n. [NL. See {Strychnine}.] (Chem.)
Strychnine.
Strychnic \Strych"nic\, a.
Of or pertaining to strychnine; produced by strychnine; as,
strychnic compounds; strychnic poisoning; specifically
(Chem.), used to designate an acid, called also igasuric
acid.
Strychnine \Strych"nine\, n. [L. strychnos a kind of nightshade,
Gr. ?: cf. F. strychnine.] (Chem.)
A very poisonous alkaloid resembling brucine, obtained from
various species of plants, especially from species of
{Loganiace[ae]}, as from the seeds of the St. Ignatius bean
({Strychnos Ignatia}) and from nux vomica. It is obtained as
a white crystalline substance, having a very bitter acrid
taste, and is employed in medicine (chiefly in the form of
the sulphate) as a powerful neurotic stimulant. Called also
{strychnia}, and formerly {strychnina}.
Strychnos \Strych"nos\, n. [L., a kind of nightshade, Gr. ?.]
(Bot.)
A genus of tropical trees and shrubs of the order
{Loganiace[ae]}. See {Nux vomica}.
Stryphnic \Stryph"nic\, a. [Gr. ? astringent.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid,
obtained by the action of acetic acid and potassium nitrite
on uric acid, as a yellow crystalline substance, with a
bitter, astringent taste.
Stub \Stub\, n. [OE. stubbe, AS. stub, styb; akin to D. stobbe,
LG. stubbe, Dan. stub, Sw. stubbe, Icel. stubbr, stubbi; cf.
Gr. ?.]
1. The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which
remains fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; --
applied especially to the stump of a small tree, or shrub.
Stubs sharp and hideous to behold. --Chaucer.
And prickly stubs instead of trees are found.
--Dryden.
2. A log; a block; a blockhead. [Obs.] --Milton.
3. The short blunt part of anything after larger part has
been broken off or used up; hence, anything short and
thick; as, the stub of a pencil, candle, or cigar.
4. A part of a leaf in a check book, after a check is torn
out, on which the number, amount, and destination of the
check are usually recorded.
5. A pen with a short, blunt nib.
6. A stub nail; an old horseshoe nail; also, stub iron.
{Stub end} (Mach.), the enlarged end of a connecting rod, to
which the strap is fastened.
{Stub iron}, iron made from stub nails, or old horseshoe
nails, -- used in making gun barrels.
{Stub mortise} (Carp.), a mortise passing only partly through
the timber in which it is formed.
{Stub nail}, an old horseshoe nail; a nail broken off; also,
a short, thick nail.
{Stub short}, or {Stub shot} (Lumber Manuf.), the part of the
end of a sawn log or plank which is beyond the place where
the saw kerf ends, and which retains the plank in
connection with the log, until it is split off.
{Stub twist}, material for a gun barrel, made of a spirally
welded ribbon of steel and stub iron combined.
Stub \Stub\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stubbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stubbing}.]
1. To grub up by the roots; to extirpate; as, to stub up
edible roots.
What stubbing, plowing, digging, and harrowing is to
a piece of land. --Berkley.
2. To remove stubs from; as, to stub land.
3. To strike as the toes, against a stub, stone, or other
fixed object. [U. S.]
Stubbed \Stub"bed\, a.
1. Reduced to a stub; short and thick, like something
truncated; blunt; obtuse.
2. Abounding in stubs; stubby.
A bit of stubbed ground, once a wood. --R. Browning.
3. Not nice or delicate; hardy; rugged. ``Stubbed, vulgar
constitutions.'' --Berkley.
Stubbedness \Stub"bed*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being stubbed.
Stubbiness \Stub"bi*ness\, n.
The state of being stubby.
Stubble \Stub"ble\, n. [OE. stobil, stoble, OF. estouble,
estuble, F. ['e]tuele, LL. stupla, stupula, L. stipula
stubble, stalk; cf. D. & G. stopped, OHG. stupfila. Cf.
{Stipule}.]
The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats, or buckwheat, left in
the ground; the part of the stalk left by the scythe or
sickle. ``After the first crop is off, they plow in the
wheast stubble.'' --Mortimer.
{Stubble goose} (Zo["o]l.), the graylag goose. [Prov. Eng.]
--Chaucer.
{Stubble rake}, a rake with long teeth for gleaning in
stubble.
Stubbled \Stub"bled\, a.
1. Covered with stubble.
A crow was strutting o'er the stubbled plain. --Gay.
2. Stubbed; as, stubbled legs. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Stubbly \Stub"bly\, a.
Covered with stubble; stubbled.
Stubborn \Stub"born\, a. [OE. stoburn, stiborn; probably fr. AS.
styb a stub. See {Stub}.]
Firm as a stub or stump; stiff; unbending; unyielding;
persistent; hence, unreasonably obstinate in will or opinion;
not yielding to reason or persuasion; refractory; harsh; --
said of persons and things; as, stubborn wills; stubborn ore;
a stubborn oak; as stubborn as a mule. ``Bow, stubborn
knees.'' --Shak. ``Stubborn attention and more than common
application.'' --Locke. ``Stubborn Stoics.'' --Swift.
And I was young and full of ragerie [wantonness]
Stubborn and strong, and jolly as a pie. --Chaucer.
These heretics be so stiff and stubborn. --Sir T. More.
Your stubborn usage of the pope. --Shak.
Syn: Obstinate; inflexible; obdurate; headstrong; stiff;
hardy; firm; refractory; intractable; rugged;
contumacious; heady.
Usage: {Stubborn}, {Obstinate}. Obstinate is used of either
active or passive persistence in one's views or
conduct, in spite of the wishes of others. Stubborn
describes an extreme degree of passive obstinacy. --
{Stub"born*ly}, adv. -- {Stub"born*ness}, n.
Stubby \Stub"by\, a.
1. Abounding with stubs.
2. Short and thick; short and strong, as bristles.
Stucco \Stuc"co\, n.; pl. {Stuccoes}, {Stuccos}. [It., fr. OHG.
stucchi a crust, piece, G. st["u]ck piece; akin to AS.
stycce. See {Stock}.]
1. Plaster of any kind used as a coating for walls,
especially, a fine plaster, composed of lime or gypsum
with sand and pounded marble, used for internal
decorations and fine work.
2. Work made of stucco; stuccowork.
Stucco \Stuc"co\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stuccoed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Stuccoing}.]
To overlay or decorate with stucco, or fine plaster.
Stuccoer \Stuc"co*er\, n.
One who stuccoes.
Stuccowork \Stuc"co*work`\, n.
Work done in stucco.
Stuck \Stuck\,
imp. & p. p. of {Stick}.
Stuck \Stuck\, n. [Cf. 1st {Stoccado}.]
A thrust. [Obs.] --Shak.
Stuckle \Stuc"kle\, n. [From {Stook}.]
A number of sheaves set together in the field; a stook.
Stuck-up \Stuck"-up`\, a.
Self-important and supercilious, ?onceited; vain; arrogant.
[Colloq.]
The airs of small, stuck-up, men. --A. K. H.
Boyd.
Stud \Stud\, n. [OE. stod, stood, AS. st[=o]d; akin to OHG.
stuota, G. stute a mare, Icel. st[=o]? stud, Lith. stodas a
herd, Russ. stado, and to E. stand. The sense is properly, a
stand, an establishment. [root]163. See {Stand}, and cf.
{Steed}.]
A collection of breeding horses and mares, or the place where
they are kept; also, a number of horses kept for a racing,
riding, etc.
In the studs of Ireland, where care is taken, we see
horses bred of excellent shape, vigor, and size. --Sir
W. Temple.
He had the finest stud in England, and his delight was
to win plates from Tories. --Macaulay.
Stud \Stud\, n. [AS. studu a post; akin to Sw. st["o]d a prop,
Icel. sto? a post, sty?ja to prop, and probably ultimately to
E. stand; cf. D. stut a prop, G. st["u]tze. See {Stand}.]
1. A stem; a trunk. [Obs.]
Seest not this same hawthorn stud? --Spenser.
2. (Arch.) An upright scanting, esp. one of the small
uprights in the framing for lath and plaster partitions,
and furring, and upon which the laths are nailed.
3. A kind of nail with a large head, used chiefly for
ornament; an ornamental knob; a boss.
A belt of straw and ivy buds, With coral clasps and
amber studs. --Marlowe.
Crystal and myrrhine cups, embossed with gems And
studs of pearl. --Milton.
4. An ornamental button of various forms, worn in a shirt
front, collar, wristband, or the like, not sewed in place,
but inserted through a buttonhole or eyelet, and
transferable.
5. (Mach.)
(a) A short rod or pin, fixed in and projecting from
something, and sometimes forming a journal.
(b) A stud bolt.
6. An iron brace across the shorter diameter of the link of a
chain cable.
{Stud bolt}, a bolt with threads on both ends, to be screwed
permanently into a fixed part at one end and receive a nut
upon the other; -- called also {standing bolt}.
Stud \Stud\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Studded}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Studding}.]
1. To adorn with shining studs, or knobs.
Thy horses shall be trapped, Their harness studded
all with gold and pearl. --Shak.
2. To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects; to
set thickly, as with studs.
The sloping sides and summits of our hills, and the
extensive plains that stretch before our view, are
studded with substantial, neat, and commodious
dwellings of freemen. --Bp. Hobart.
Studbook \Stud"book`\, n.
A genealogical register of a particular breed or stud of
horses, esp. thoroughbreds.
Studdery \Stud"der*y\, n.
A stud, or collection of breeding horses and mares; also, a
place for keeping a stud. [Obs.]
King Henry the Eighth erected a noble studdery.
--Holinshed.
Studding \Stud"ding\, n.
Material for studs, or joists; studs, or joists,
collectively; studs.
Studding sail \Stud"ding sail`\ (Naut.)
A light sail set at the side of a principal or square sail of
a vessel in free winds, to increase her speed. Its head is
bent to a small spar which is called the studding-sail boom.
See Illust. of {Sail}. --Toten.
Student \Stu"dent\, n. [L. studens, -entis, p. pr. of studere to
study. See {Study}, n.]
1. A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning;
a learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends
a school, or who seeks knowledge from professional
teachers or from books; as, the students of an academy, a
college, or a university; a medical student; a hard
student.
Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good student
from his book. --Shak.
2. One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive
and systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or
of physical nature.
Studentry \Stu"dent*ry\, n.
A body of students. [R.]
Studentship \Stu"dent*ship\, n.
The state of being a student.
Studfish \Stud"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of small American minnows of the
genus {Fundulus}, as {F. catenatus}.
Stud-horse \Stud"-horse`\, n. [AS. st[=o]d-hors.]
A stallion, esp. one kept for breeding.
Studied \Stud"ied\, a.
1. Closely examined; read with diligence and attention; made
the subject of study; well considered; as, a studied
lesson.
2. Well versed in any branch of learning; qualified by study;
learned; as, a man well studied in geometry.
I shrewdly suspect that he is little studied of a
theory of moral proportions. --Burke.
3. Premeditated; planned; designed; as, a studied insult.
``Studied magnificence.'' --Hawthorne.
4. Intent; inclined. [Obs.] --Shak.
Studiedly \Stud"ied*ly\, adv.
In a studied manner.
Studier \Stud"i*er\, n.
A student. [R.] --W. Irving.
Lipsius was a great studier of the stoical philosophy.
--Tillotson.
Studio \Stu"di*o\, n.; pl. {Studios}. [It. studio, properly,
study. See {Study}.]
The working room of an artist.
Studious \Stu"di*ous\, a. [L. studious: cf. F. studieux. See
{Study}.]
1. Given to study; devoted to the acquisition of knowledge
from books; as, a studious scholar.
2. Given to thought, or to the examination of subjects by
contemplation; contemplative. --Locke.
3. Earnest in endeavors; aiming sedulously; attentive;
observant; diligent; -- usually followed by an infinitive
or by of; as, be studious to please; studious to find new
friends and allies.
You that are so studious Of my affairs, wholly
neglect your own. --Massinger.
4. Planned with study; deliberate; studied.
For the frigid villainy of studious lewdness, . . .
with apology can be invented? --Rambler.
5. Favorable to study; suitable for thought and
contemplation; as, the studious shade. [Poetic]
But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious
cloister's pale. --Milton.
-- {Stu"di*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Stu"di*ous*ness}, n.
Study \Stud"y\, n.; pl. {Studies}. [OE. studie, L. studium, akin
to studere to study; possibly akin to Gr. ? haste, zeal, ? to
hasten; cf. OF. estudie, estude, F. ['e]tude. Cf. {Etude},
{Student}, {Studio}, {Study}, v. i.]
1. A setting of the mind or thoughts upon a subject; hence,
application of mind to books, arts, or science, or to any
subject, for the purpose of acquiring knowledge.
Hammond . . . spent thirteen hours of the day in
study. --Bp. Fell.
Study gives strength to the mind; conversation,
grace. --Sir W.
Temple.
2. Mental occupation; absorbed or thoughtful attention;
meditation; contemplation.
Just men they seemed, and all their study bent To
worship God aright, and know his works. --Milton.
3. Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any
object of attentive consideration.
The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament,
are her daily study. --Law.
The proper study of mankind is man. --Pope.
4. A building or apartment devoted to study or to literary
work. ``His cheery little study.'' --Hawthorne.
5. (Fine Arts) A representation or rendering of any object or
scene intended, not for exhibition as an original work of
art, but for the information, instruction, or assistance
of the maker; as, a study of heads or of hands for a
figure picture.
6. (Mus.) A piece for special practice. See {Etude}.
Study \Stud"y\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Studied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Studying}.] [OE. studien, OF. estudier, F. ['e]tudier. See
{Study}, n.]
1. To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon
anything in thought; to muse; to ponder. --Chaucer.
I found a moral first, and then studied for a fable.
--Swift.
2. To apply the mind to books or learning. --Shak.
3. To endeavor diligently; to be zealous. --1 Thes. iv. 11.
Study \Stud"y\, v. t.
1. To apply the mind to; to read and examine for the purpose
of learning and understanding; as, to study law or
theology; to study languages.
2. To consider attentively; to examine closely; as, to study
the work of nature.
Study thyself; what rank or what degree The wise
Creator has ordained for thee. --Dryden.
3. To form or arrange by previous thought; to con over, as in
committing to memory; as, to study a speech.
4. To make an object of study; to aim at sedulously; to
devote one's thoughts to; as, to study the welfare of
others; to study variety in composition.
For their heart studieth destruction. --Prov. xxiv.
2.
Stufa \Stu"fa\, n. [It. stufa a stove. See {Stove}.]
A jet of steam issuing from a fissure in the earth.
Stuff \Stuff\, n. [OF. estoffe, F. ['e]toffe; of uncertain
origin, perhaps of Teutonic origin and akin to E. stop, v.t.
Cf. {Stuff}, v. t.]
1. Material which is to be worked up in any process of
manufacture.
For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the
work to make it, and too much. --Ex. xxxvi.
7.
Ambitions should be made of sterner stuff. --Shak.
The workman on his stuff his skill doth show, And
yet the stuff gives not the man his skill. --Sir J.
Davies.
2. The fundamental material of which anything is made up;
elemental part; essence.
Yet do I hold it very stuff o' the conscience To do
no contrived murder. --Shak.
3. Woven material not made into garments; fabric of any kind;
specifically, any one of various fabrics of wool or
worsted; sometimes, worsted fiber.
What stuff wilt have a kirtle of? --Shak.
It [the arras] was of stuff and silk mixed, though,
superior kinds were of silk exclusively. --F. G.
Lee.
4. Furniture; goods; domestic vessels or utensils.
He took away locks, and gave away the king's stuff.
--Hayward.
5. A medicine or mixture; a potion. --Shak.
6. Refuse or worthless matter; hence, also, foolish or
irrational language; nonsense; trash.
Anger would indite Such woeful stuff as I or
Shadwell write. --Dryden.
7. (Naut.) A melted mass of turpentine, tallow, etc., with
which the masts, sides, and bottom of a ship are smeared
for lubrication. --Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
8. Paper stock ground ready for use.
Note: When partly ground, called half stuff. --Knight.
{Clear stuff}. See under {Clear}.
{Small stuff} (Naut.), all kinds of small cordage. --Ham.
Nav. Encyc.
{Stuff gown}, the distinctive garb of a junior barrister;
hence, a junior barrister himself. See {Silk gown}, under
{Silk}.
Stuff \Stuff\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stuffed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stuffing}.] [OE. stoffen; cf. OF. estoffer, F. ['e]toffer,
to put stuff in, to stuff, to line, also, OF. estouffer to
stifle, F. ['e]touffer; both perhaps of Teutonic origin, and
akin to E. stop. Cf. {Stop}, v. t., {Stuff}, n.]
1. To fill by crowding something into; to cram with
something; to load to excess; as, to stuff a bedtick.
Sometimes this crook drew hazel bought adown, And
stuffed her apron wide with nuts so brown. --Gay.
Lest the gods, for sin, Should with a swelling
dropsy stuff thy skin. --Dryden.
2. To thrust or crowd; to press; to pack.
Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouth, stuffing
them close together . . . and they retain smell and
color. --Bacon.
3. To fill by being pressed or packed into.
With inward arms the dire machine they load, And
iron bowels stuff the dark abode. --Dryden.
4. (Cookery) To fill with a seasoning composition of bread,
meat, condiments, etc.; as, to stuff a turkey.
5. To obstruct, as any of the organs; to affect with some
obstruction in the organs of sense or respiration.
I'm stuffed, cousin; I can not smell. --Shak.
6. To fill the skin of, for the purpose of preserving as a
specimen; -- said of birds or other animals.
7. To form or fashion by packing with the necessary material.
An Eastern king put a judge to death for an
iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be
stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the
tribunal. --Swift.
8. To crowd with facts; to cram the mind of; sometimes, to
crowd or fill with false or idle tales or fancies.
9. To put fraudulent votes into (a ballot box). [U. S.]
Stuff \Stuff\, v. i.
To feed gluttonously; to cram.
Taught harmless man to cram and stuff. --Swift.
Stuffer \Stuff"er\, n.
One who, or that which, stuffs.
Stuffiness \Stuff"i*ness\, n.
The quality of being stuffy.
Stuffing \Stuff"ing\, n.
1. That which is used for filling anything; as, the stuffing
of a saddle or cushion.
2. (Cookery) Any seasoning preparation used to stuff meat;
especially, a composition of bread, condiments, spices,
etc.; forcemeat; dressing.
3. A mixture of oil and tallow used in softening and dressing
leather.
{Stuffing box}, a device for rendering a joint impervious
where there is a hole through which a movable cylindrical
body, as the paston rod of a steam engine, or the plunger
of a pump, slides back and forth, or in which a shaft
turns. It usually consists of a box or chamber, made by an
enlargement of part of the hole, forming a space around
the rod or shaft for containing packing which is
compressed and made to fill the space closely by means of
a sleeve, called the gland, which fits loosely around the
rod, and is pressed upon the packing by bolts or other
means.
Stuffy \Stuff"y\, a.
1. Stout; mettlesome; resolute. [Scot.] --Jamieson.
2. Angry and obstinate; sulky. [U. S.]
3. Ill-ventilated; close.
Stuke \Stuke\, n.
Stucco. [Obs.]
Stull \Stull\, n. [CF. {Stum}.]
A framework of timber covered with boards to support rubbish;
also, a framework of boards to protect miners from falling
stones. [Prov. Eng.]
Stulm \Stulm\, n. [Cf. G. stollen a post, a stulm, E. stall,
stand.]
A shaft or gallery to drain a mine. [Local, Eng.] --Bailey.
Stulp \Stulp\, n. [Cf. Icel. st[=o]lpi, Dan., Sw., & OD.
stolpe.]
A short, stout post used for any purpose, a to mark a
boundary. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Stultification \Stul`ti*fi*ca"tion\, n.
The act of stultifying, or the state of being stultified.
Stultifier \Stul"ti*fi`er\, n.
One who stultifies.
Stultify \Stul"ti*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stultified}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Stultifying}.] [L. stultus foolish + -fy.]
1. To make foolish; to make a fool of; as, to stultify one by
imposition; to stultify one's self by silly reasoning or
conduct. --Burke.
2. To regard as a fool, or as foolish. [R.]
The modern sciolist stultifies all understanding but
his own, and that which he conceives like his own.
--Hazlitt.
3. (Law) To allege or prove to be of unsound mind, so that
the performance of some act may be avoided.
Stultiloquence \Stul*til"o*quence\, n. [L. stultiloquentia;
stultus foolish + loquentia a talking, fr. loquens, p. pr. of
loqui to talk.]
Silly talk; babbling.
Stultiloquent \Stul*til"o*quent\, a. [Cf. L. stultiloquus. See
{Stultiloquence}.]
Given to, or characterized by, silly talk; babbling. --
{Stul*til"o*quent*ly}, adv.
Stultiloquy \Stul*til"o*quy\, n. [L. stultiloquium.]
Foolish talk; silly discource; babbling. --Jer. Taylor.
Stulty \Stul"ty\, a. [L. stultus foolish.]
Foolish; silly. [Obs.] --Testament of Love.
Stum \Stum\, n. [D. stom must, new wort, properly, dumb; cf. F.
vin muet stum. Cf. {Stammer}, {Stoom}.]
1. Unfermented grape juice or wine, often used to raise
fermentation in dead or vapid wines; must.
Let our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine.
--B. Jonson.
And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause.
--Dryden.
2. Wine revived by new fermentation, reulting from the
admixture of must. --Hudibras.
Stum \Stum\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stummed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stumming}.]
To renew, as wine, by mixing must with it and raising a new
fermentation.
We stum our wines to renew their spirits. --Floyer.
Stumble \Stum"ble\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Stumbled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Stumbling}.] [OE. stumblen, stomblen; freq. of a word
akin to E. stammer. See {Stammer}.]
1. To trip in walking or in moving in any way with the legs;
to strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall;
to stagger because of a false step.
There stumble steeds strong and down go all.
--Chaucer.
The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know at
what they stumble. --Prov. iv.
19.
2. To walk in an unsteady or clumsy manner.
He stumbled up the dark avenue. --Sir W.
Scott.
3. To fall into a crime or an error; to err.
He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and
there is none occasion og stumbling in him. --1 John
ii. 10.
4. To strike or happen (upon a person or thing) without
design; to fall or light by chance; -- with on, upon, or
against.
Ovid stumbled, by some inadvertency, upon Livia in a
bath. --Dryden.
Forth as she waddled in the brake, A gray goose
stumbled on a snake. --C. Smart.
Stumble \Stum"ble\, v. t.
1. To cause to stumble or trip.
2. Fig.: To mislead; to confound; to perplex; to cause to err
or to fall.
False and dazzling fires to stumble men. --Milton.
One thing more stumbles me in the very foundation of
this hypothesis. --Locke.
Stumble \Stum"ble\, n.
1. A trip in walking or running.
2. A blunder; a failure; a fall from rectitude.
One stumble is enough to deface the character of an
honorable life. --L'Estrange.
Stumbler \Stum"bler\, n.
One who stumbles.
Stumbling-block \Stum"bling-block`\, n.
Any cause of stumbling, perplexity, or error.
We preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a
stumbling-block, and unto the Greeks foolishness. --1
Cor. i. 23.
Stumblingly \Stum"bling*ly\, adv.
In a stumbling manner.
Stumbling-stone \Stum"bling-stone`\, n.
A stumbling-block.
This stumbling-stone we hope to take away. --T. Burnet.
Stump \Stump\, n. [OE. stumpe, stompe; akin to D. stomp, G.
stumpf, Icel. stumpr, Dan. & Sw. stump, and perhaps also to
E. stamp.]
1. The part of a tree or plant remaining in the earth after
the stem or trunk is cut off; the stub.
2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is
amputated or destroyed; a fixed or rooted remnant; a stub;
as, the stump of a leg, a finger, a tooth, or a broom.
3. pl. The legs; as, to stir one's stumps. [Slang]
4. (Cricket) One of the three pointed rods stuck in the
ground to form a wicket and support the bails.
5. A short, thick roll of leather or paper, cut to a point,
or any similar implement, used to rub down the lines of a
crayon or pencil drawing, in shading it, or for shading
drawings by producing tints and gradations from crayon,
etc., in powder.
6. A pin in a tumbler lock which forms an obstruction to
throwing the bolt, except when the gates of the tumblers
are properly arranged, as by the key; a fence; also, a pin
or projection in a lock to form a guide for a movable
piece.
{Leg stump} (Cricket), the stump nearest to the batsman.
{Off stump} (Cricket), the stump farthest from the batsman.
{Stump tracery} (Arch.), a term used to describe late German
Gothic tracery, in which the molded bar seems to pass
through itself in its convolutions, and is then cut off
short, so that a section of the molding is seen at the end
of each similar stump.
{To go on the stump}, or {To take the stump}, to engage in
making public addresses for electioneering purposes; -- a
phrase derived from the practice of using a stump for a
speaker's platform in newly-settled districts. Hence also
the phrases stump orator, stump speaker, stump speech,
stump oratory, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]
Stump \Stump\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stumped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stumping}.]
1. To cut off a part of; to reduce to a stump; to lop.
Around the stumped top soft moss did grow. --Dr. H.
More.
2. To strike, as the toes, against a stone or something
fixed; to stub. [Colloq.]
3. To challenge; also, to nonplus. [Colloq.]
4. To travel over, delivering speeches for electioneering
purposes; as, to stump a State, or a district. See {To go
on the stump}, under {Stump}, n. [Colloq. U.S.]
5. (Cricket)
(a) To put (a batsman) out of play by knocking off the
bail, or knocking down the stumps of the wicket he is
defending while he is off his allotted ground; --
sometimes with out. --T. Hughes.
(b) To bowl down the stumps of, as, of a wicket.
A herd of boys with clamor bowled, And stumped
the wicket. --Tennyson.
{To stump it}.
(a) To go afoot; hence, to run away; to escape. [Slang]
--Ld. Lytton.
(b) To make electioneering speeches. [Colloq. U.S.]
Stump \Stump\, v. i.
To walk clumsily, as if on stumps.
{To stump up}, to pay cash. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Stumpage \Stump"age\, n.
1. Timber in standing trees, -- often sold without the land
at a fixed price per tree or per stump, the stumps being
counted when the land is cleared. [Local, U.S.]
Only trees above a certain size are allowed to be
cut by loggers buying stumpage from the owners of
land. --C. S.
Sargent.
2. A tax on the amount of timber cut, regulated by the price
of lumber. [Local, U.S.] --The Nation.
Stumper \Stump"er\, n.
1. One who stumps.
2. A boastful person. [Slang]
3. A puzzling or incredible story. [Slang, U.S.]
Stumpiness \Stump"i*ness\, n.
The state of being stumpy.
Stump-tailed \Stump"-tailed`\, a.
Having a short, thick tail.
{Stump-tailed lizard} (Zo["o]l.), a singular Australian
scincoid lizard ({Trachydosaurus rugosus}) having a short,
thick tail resembling its head in form; -- called also
{sleeping lizard}.
Stumpy \Stump"y\, a.
1. Full of stumps; hard; strong.
2. Short and thick; stubby. [Colloq.] ``A stumpy little
man.'' --J. C. Harris.
Stun \Stun\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stunned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stunning}.] [OE. stonien, stownien; either fr. AS. stunian
to resound (cf. D. stenen to groan, G. st["o]hnen, Icel.
stynja, Gr. ?, Skr. stan to thunder, and E. thunder), or from
the same source as E. astonish. [root]168.]
1. To make senseless or dizzy by violence; to render
senseless by a blow, as on the head.
One hung a poleax at his saddlebow, And one a heavy
mace to stun the foe. --Dryden.
2. To dull or deaden the sensibility of; to overcome;
especially, to overpower one's sense of hearing.
And stunned him with the music of the spheres.
--Pope.
3. To astonish; to overpower; to bewilder.
William was quite stunned at my discourse. --De Foe.
Stun \Stun\, n.
The condition of being stunned.
Stung \Stung\,
imp. & p. p. of {Sting}.
Stunk \Stunk\,
imp. & p. p. of {Stink}.
Stunner \Stun"ner\, n.
1. One who, or that which, stuns.
2. Something striking or amazing in quality; something of
extraordinary excellence. [Slang] --Thackeray.
Stunning \Stun"ning\, a.
1. Overpowering consciousness; overpowering the senses;
especially, overpowering the sense of hearing; confounding
with noise.
2. Striking or overpowering with astonishment, especially on
account of excellence; as, stunning poetry. [Slang] --C.
Kingsley. -- {Stun"ning*ly}, adv. [Slang]
Stunsail \Stun"sail\, n. (Naut.)
A contraction of {Studding sail}.
With every rag set, stunsails, sky scrapers and all.
--Lowell.
Stunt \Stunt\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stunted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stunting}.] [See {Stint}.]
To hinder from growing to the natural size; to prevent the
growth of; to stint, to dwarf; as, to stunt a child; to stunt
a plant.
When, by a cold penury, I blast the abilities of a
nation, and stunt the growth of its active energies,
the ill or may do is beyond all calculation. --Burke.
Stunt \Stunt\, n.
1. A check in growth; also, that which has been checked in
growth; a stunted animal or thing.
2. Specifically: A whale two years old, which, having been
weaned, is lean, and yields but little blubber.
Stunted \Stunt"ed\, a.
Dwarfed. -- {Stunt"ed*ness}, n.
Stuntness \Stunt"ness\, n.
Stuntedness; brevity. [R.] --Earle.
Stupa \Stu"pa\ (st[=oo]"p[.a]), n. [Skr. st[=u]pa.]
A mound or monument commemorative of Buddha.
Stupa \Stu"pa\ (st[=u]"p[.a]), n. [L.] (Med.)
See 1st {Stupe}.
Stupe \Stupe\, n. [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. {Stop},
v. t.] (Med.)
Cloth or flax dipped in warm water or medicaments and applied
to a hurt or sore.
Stupe \Stupe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stuped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stuping}.]
To foment with a stupe. --Wiseman.
Stupe \Stupe\, n. [See {Stupid}.]
A stupid person. [Obs.]
Stupefacient \Stu`pe*fa"cient\, a. [L. stupefaciens, p. pr. of
stupefacere to stupefy; stupere to be stupefied + facere to
make. Cf. {Stupefy}.] [Written also {stupifacient}.]
Producing stupefaction; stupefactive. -- n. (Med.) Anything
promoting stupefaction; a narcotic.
Stupefaction \Stu`pe*fac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. stup['e]faction. See
{Stupefacient}.]
The act of stupefying, or the state of being stupefied.
[Written also {stupifaction}.]
Resistance of the dictates of conscience brings a
hardness and stupefaction upon it. --South.
Stupefactive \Stu`pe*fac"tive\, a. & n. [Cf. F. stup['e]factif,
LL. stupefactivus.]
Same as {Stupefacient}. [Written also {stupifactive}.]
Stupefied \Stu"pe*fied\, a.
Having been made stupid.
Stupefiedness \Stu"pe*fied`ness\, n.
Quality of being stupid.
Stupefier \Stu"pe*fi`er\, n.
One who, or that which, stupefies; a stupefying agent.
Stupefy \Stu"pe*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stupefied}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Stupefying}.] [F. stup['e]fier, fr. L. stupere to be
stupefied + ficare (in comp.) to make, akin to facere. See
{Stupid}, {Fact}, and cf. {Stupefacient}.] [Written also
{stupify}, especially in England.]
1. To make stupid; to make dull; to blunt the faculty of
perception or understanding in; to deprive of sensibility;
to make torpid.
The fumes of drink discompose and stupefy the brain.
--South.
2. To deprive of material mobility. [Obs.]
It is not malleable; but yet is not fluent, but
stupefied. --Bacon.
Stupendous \Stu*pen"dous\, a. [L. stupendus astonishing, p.
future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. {Stupid}.]
Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in
magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. ``A stupendous
sum.'' --Macaulay.
All are but parts of one stupendous whole. --Pope.
-- {Stu*pen"dous*ly}, adv. -- {Stu*pen"dous*ness}, n.
Stupeous \Stu"pe*ous\, a. [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow; cf.
L. stuppeus made of tow. Cf. {Stupose}.]
Resembling tow; having long, loose scales, or matted
filaments, like tow; stupose.
Stupid \Stu"pid\, a. [L. stupidus, fr. stupere to be stupefied:
cf. F. stupide.]
1. Very dull; insensible; senseless; wanting in
understanding; heavy; sluggish; in a state of stupor; --
said of persons.
O that men . . . should be so stupid grown . . . As
to forsake the living God! --Milton.
With wild surprise, A moment stupid, motionless he
stood. --Thomson.
2. Resulting from, or evincing, stupidity; formed without
skill or genius; dull; heavy; -- said of things.
Observe what loads of stupid rhymes Oppress us in
corrupted times. --Swift.
Syn: Simple; insensible; sluggish; senseless; doltish;
sottish; dull; heavy; clodpated. -- {Stu"pid*ly}, adv.
-- {Stu"pid*ness}, n.
Stupidity \Stu*pid"i*ty\, n. [L. stupiditas: cf. F.
stupidit['e].]
1. The quality or state of being stupid; extreme dullness of
perception or understanding; insensibility; sluggishness.
2. Stupor; astonishment; stupefaction. [R.]
A stupidity Past admiration strikes me, joined with
fear. --Chapman.
Stupify \Stu"pi*fy\, v. t.
See {Stupefy}.
Stupor \Stu"por\, n. [L., from stupere to be struck senseless.]
1. Great diminution or suspension of sensibility; suppression
of sense or feeling; lethargy.
2. Intellectual insensibility; moral stupidity; heedlessness
or inattention to one's interests.
Stupose \Stu*pose\, a. [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf.
{Stupeous}.] (Bot.)
Composed of, or having, tufted or matted filaments like tow;
stupeous.
Stuprate \Stu"prate\, v. t. [L. stupratus, p. p. of stuprare to
ravish, fr. stuprum defilement.]
To ravish; to debauch. [R.] --Heywood.
Stupration \Stu*pra"tion\, n.
Violation of chastity by force; rape. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Stuprum \Stu"prum\, n. [L.]
Stupration.
Sturb \Sturb\, v. t.
To disturb. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sturdily \Stur"di*ly\, adv.
In a sturdy manner.
Sturdiness \Stur"di*ness\, n.
Quality of being sturdy.
Sturdy \Stur"dy\, a. [Compar. {Sturdier}; superl. {Sturdiest}.]
[OE. sturdi inconsiderable, OF. estourdi stunned, giddy,
thoughtless, rash, F. ['e]tourdi, p. p. of OF. estourdir to
stun, to render giddy, to amaze, F. ['e]tourdir; of uncertain
origin. The sense has probably been influenced by E. stout.]
1. Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn; unrelenting;
unfeeling; stern.
This sturdy marquis gan his hearte dress To rue upon
her wifely steadfastness. --Chaucer.
This must be done, and I would fain see Mortal so
sturdy as to gainsay. --Hudibras.
A sturdy, hardened sinner shall advance to the
utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he
took the first steps. --Atterbury.
2. Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality;
as, a man of sturdy piety or patriotism.
3. Characterized by physical strength or force; strong;
lusty; violent; as, a sturdy lout.
How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke!
--Gray.
4. Stiff; stout; strong; as, a sturdy oak. --Milton.
He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs
rather sturdy than dainty. --Sir H.
Wotton.
Syn: Hardy; stout; strong; firm; robust; stiff.
Sturdy \Stur"dy\, n. [OF. estourdi giddiness, stupefaction.]
(Vet.)
A disease in sheep and cattle, marked by great nervousness,
or by dullness and stupor.
Sturgeon \Stur"geon\, n. [F. esturgeon, LL. sturio, sturgio,
OHG. sturjo, G. st["o]r; akin to AS. styria, styriga.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of large cartilaginous ganoid
fishes belonging to {Acipenser} and allied genera of the
family {Acipenserid[ae]}. They run up rivers to spawn, and
are common on the coasts and in the large rivers and lakes of
North America, Europe, and Asia. Caviare is prepared from the
roe, and isinglass from the air bladder.
Note: The common North American species are {Acipenser
sturio} of the Atlantic coast region, {A.
transmontanus} of the Pacific coast, and {A.
rubicundus} of the Mississippi River and its
tributaries. In Europe, the common species is
{Acipenser sturio}, and other well-known species are
the sterlet and the huso. The sturgeons are included in
the order Chondrostei. Their body is partially covered
by five rows of large, carinated, bony plates, of which
one row runs along the back. The tail is heterocercal.
The toothless and protrusile mouth is beneath the head,
and has four barbels in front.
{Shovel-nosed sturgeon}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Shovelnose}
(d) .
Sturiones \Stu`ri*o"nes\, n. pl. [NL., from LL. sturio. See
{Sturgeon}.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of fishes including the sturgeons.
Sturionian \Stu`ri*o"ni*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of the family of fishes of which the sturgeon is the
type.
Sturk \Sturk\, n.
See {Stirk}. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Sturnoid \Stur"noid\, a. [L. sturnus a starling + -oid.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Like or pertaining to the starlings.
Sturt \Sturt\, v. t. [Cf. {Start}, v. i.]
To vex; to annoy; to startle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Sturt \Sturt\, n.
1. Disturbance; annoyance; care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
``Sturt and care.'' --J. Rolland.
2. (Mining) A bargain in tribute mining by which the tributor
profits. --Raymond.
Sturtion \Stur"tion\, n.
A corruption of {Nasturtion}.
Stut \Stut\, v. i.
To stutter. [Obs.] --Skelton.
Stutter \Stut"ter\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Stuttered}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Stuttering}.] [Freq. of stut, OE. stoten; probably
of Dutch or Low German origin; cf. D. & LG. stotteren, G.
stottern, D. stooten to push, to strike; akin to G. stossen,
Icel. stauta, Sw. st["o]ta, Dan. st["o]de, Goth. stautan, L.
tundere, Skr. tud to thrust. Cf. {Contuse}, {Obtuse}.]
To hesitate or stumble in uttering words; to speak with
spasmodic repetition or pauses; to stammer.
Trembling, stuttering, calling for his confessor.
--Macaulay.
Stutter \Stut"ter\, n.
1. The act of stuttering; a stammer. See {Stammer}, and
{Stuttering}.
2. One who stutters; a stammerer. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Stutterer \Stut"ter*er\, n.
One who stutters; a stammerer.
Stuttering \Stut"ter*ing\, n.
The act of one who stutters; -- restricted by some
physiologists to defective speech due to inability to form
the proper sounds, the breathing being normal, as
distinguished from stammering.
Stuttering \Stut"ter*ing\, a.
Apt to stutter; hesitating; stammering. -- {Stut"ter*ing*ly},
adv.
Sty \Sty\, n.; pl. {Sties}. [Written also {stigh}.] [AS. stigu,
fr. st[=i]gan to rise; originally, probably, a place into
which animals climbed or went up. [root]164. See {Sty}, v.
i., and cf. {Steward}.]
1. A pen or inclosure for swine.
2. A place of bestial debauchery.
To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty. --Milton.
Sty \Sty\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Stying}.]
To shut up in, or as in, a sty. --Shak.
Sty \Sty\, v. i. [OE. stien, sti?en, AS. st[=i]gan to rise; akin
to D. stijgen, OS. & OHG. st[=i]gan, G. steigen, Icel.
st[=i]ga, Sw. stiga, Dan. stige, Goth. steigan, L. vestigium
footstep, Gr. ? to walk, to go, Skr. stigh to mount. Cf.
{Distich}, {Stair} steps, {Stirrup}, {Sty} a boil, a pen for
swine, {Vestige}.]
To soar; to ascend; to mount. See {Stirrup}. [Obs.]
With bolder wing shall dare aloft to sty, To the last
praises of this Faery Queene. --Spenser.
Sty \Sty\, n. [For older styan, styanye, understood as sty on
eye, AS. st[=i]gend (sc. e['a]ge eye), properly, rising, or
swelling (eye), p. p. of st[=i]gan to rise. See {Sty}, v. i.]
(Med.)
An inflamed swelling or boil on the edge of the eyelid.
[Written also {stye}.]
Styan \Sty"an\, n.
See {Sty}, a boil. [R.] --De quincey.
Styca \Sty"ca\, n. [LL., fr. AS. stic, styc, stycge.]
An anglo-Saxon copper coin of the lowest value, being worth
half a farthing. --S. M. Leake.
Stycerin \Sty"cer*in\, n. [Styryl + glycerin.] (Chem.)
A triacid alcohol, related to glycerin, and obtained from
certain styryl derivatives as a yellow, gummy, amorphous
substance; -- called also {phenyl glycerin}.
Stye \Stye\, n.
See {Sty}, a boil.
Stygial \Styg"i*al\, a.
Stygian. [R.] --Skelton.
Stygian \Styg"i*an\, a. [L. Stygius, fr. Styx, Stygis, Gr. ?, ?,
the Styx.]
Of or pertaining to the river Styx; hence, hellish; infernal.
See {Styx}.
At that so sudden blaze, the Stygian throng Bent their
aspect. --Milton.
Stylagalmaic \Sty`la*gal*ma"ic\, a. [Gr. ? a column + ? an
image.] (Arch.)
Performing the office of columns; as, Atlantes and Caryatides
are stylagalmaic figures or images. [Written also
{stylogalmaic}.]
Stylar \Sty"lar\, a.
See {Stilar}.
Stylaster \Sty*las"ter\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? pillar + ? star.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of delicate, usually pink,
calcareous hydroid corals of the genus {Stylaster}.
Style \Style\, n. [OE. stile, F. style, Of. also stile, L.
stilus a style or writing instrument, manner or writing, mode
of expression; probably for stiglus, meaning, a pricking
instrument, and akin to E. stick. See {Stick}, v. t., and cf.
{Stiletto}. The spelling with y is due to a supposed
connection with Gr. ? a pillar.]
1. An instrument used by the ancients in writing on tablets
covered with wax, having one of its ends sharp, and the
other blunt, and somewhat expanded, for the purpose of
making erasures by smoothing the wax.
2. Hence, anything resembling the ancient style in shape or
use. Specifically:
(a) A pen; an author's pen. --Dryden.
(b) A sharp-pointed tool used in engraving; a graver.
(c) A kind of blunt-pointed surgical instrument.
(d) (Zo["o]l.) A long, slender, bristlelike process, as
the anal styles of insects.
(e) [Perhaps fr. Gr. ? a pillar.] The pin, or gnomon, of a
dial, the shadow of which indicates the hour. See
{Gnomon}.
(f) [Probably fr. Gr. ? a pillar.] (Bot.) The elongated
part of a pistil between the ovary and the stigma. See
Illust. of {Stamen}, and of {Pistil}.
3. Mode of expressing thought in language, whether oral or
written; especially, such use of language in the
expression of thought as exhibits the spirit and faculty
of an artist; choice or arrangement of words in discourse;
rhetorical expression.
High style, as when that men to kinges write.
--Chaucer.
Style is the dress of thoughts. --Chesterfield.
Proper words in proper places make the true
definition of style. --Swift.
It is style alone by which posterity will judge of a
great work. --I. Disraeli.
4. Mode of presentation, especially in music or any of the
fine arts; a characteristic of peculiar mode of developing
in idea or accomplishing a result.
The ornamental style also possesses its own peculiar
merit. --Sir J.
Reynolds.
5. Conformity to a recognized standard; manner which is
deemed elegant and appropriate, especially in social
demeanor; fashion.
According to the usual style of dedications. --C.
Middleton.
6. Mode or phrase by which anything is formally designated;
the title; the official designation of any important body;
mode of address; as, the style of Majesty.
One style to a gracious benefactor, another to a
proud, insulting foe. --Burke.
7. (Chron.) A mode of reckoning time, with regard to the
Julian and Gregorian calendars.
Note: Style is Old or New. The Old Style follows the Julian
manner of computing the months and days, or the
calendar as established by Julius C[ae]sar, in which
every fourth year consists of 366 days, and the other
years of 365 days. This is about 11 minutes in a year
too much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed the calendar by
retrenching 10 days in October, 1582, in order to bring
back the vernal equinox to the same day as at the time
of the Council of Nice, a. d. 325. This reformation was
adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by
which act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched,
and the third day was reckoned the fourteenth. This
mode of reckoning is called New Style, according to
which every year divisible by 4, unless it is divisible
by 100 without being divisible by 400, has 366 days,
and any other year 365 days.
{Style of court}, the practice or manner observed by a court
in its proceedings. --Ayliffe.
Syn: Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See
{Diction}.
Style \Style\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Styled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Styling}.]
To entitle; to term, name, or call; to denominate. ``Styled
great conquerors.'' --Milton.
How well his worth and brave adventures styled.
--Dryden.
Syn: To call; name; denominate; designate; term;
characterize.
Stylet \Sty"let\, n. [F., dim. of style; cf. It. stiletto. See
{Stiletto}.]
A small poniard; a stiletto.
2. (Surg.)
(a) An instrument for examining wounds and fistulas, and
for passing setons, and the like; a probe, -- called
also {specillum}.
(b) A stiff wire, inserted in catheters or other tubular
instruments to maintain their shape and prevent
clogging.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any small, more or less rigid, bristlelike
organ; as, the caudal stylets of certain insects; the
ventral stylets of certain Infusoria.
Styliferous \Sty*lif"er*ous\, a. [Style + -ferous.] (Bot.)
Bearing one or more styles.
Styliform \Sty"li*form\, a. [Style + -form: cf. F. styliforme.]
Having the form of, or resembling, a style, pin, or pen;
styloid.
Stylish \Styl"ish\, a.
Having style or artistic quality; given to, or fond of, the
display of style; highly fashionable; modish; as, a stylish
dress, house, manner. -- {Styl"ish*ly}, adv. --
{Styl"ish*ness}, n.
Stylist \Styl"ist\, n.
One who is a master or a model of style, especially in
writing or speaking; a critic of style.
Distinguished as a stylist, for ease. --Fitzed.
Hall.
Stylistic \Sty*lis"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to style in language. [R.] ``Stylistic
trifles.'' --J. A. Symonds.
The great stylistic differences in the works ascribed
to him [Wyclif]. --G. P. Marsh.
Stylite \Sty"lite\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? a pillar.] (Eccl. Hist.)
One of a sect of anchorites in the early church, who lived on
the tops of pillars for the exercise of their patience; --
called also {pillarist} and {pillar saint}.
Stylo- \Sty"lo-\
A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with,
or relation to, the styloid process of the temporal bone; as,
stylohyal, stylomastoid, stylomaxillary.
Stylobate \Sty"lo*bate\, n. [L. stylobates, stylobata, Gr. ?; ?
a pillar + ? one that treads, fr. ? to go.] (Arch.)
The uninterrupted and continuous flat band, coping, or
pavement upon which the bases of a row of columns are
supported. See {Sub-base}.
Styloglossal \Sty`lo*glos"sal\, a. [Stylo- + glossal.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to styloid process and the tongue.
Stylograph \Sty"lo*graph\, n.
A stylographic pen.
Stylographic \Sty`lo*graph"ic\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to stylography; used in stylography; as,
stylographic tablets.
2. Pertaining to, or used in, stylographic pen; as,
stylographic ink.
{Stylographic pen}, a pen with a conical point like that of a
style, combined with a reservoir for supplying it with
ink.
{Stylographic pencil}, a pencil used in stylography.
Stylographical \Sty`lo*graph"ic*al\, a.
Same as {Stylographic}, 1. -- {Sty`lo*graph"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Stylography \Sty*log"ra*phy\, n. [Style + -graphy.]
A mode of writing or tracing lines by means of a style on
cards or tablets.
Stylohyal \Sty`lo*hy"al\, n. [Stylo- + the Gr. letter ?.]
(Anat.)
A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and
tympanohyal.
Stylohyoid \Sty`lo*hy"oid\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the hyoid bone.
Styloid \Sty"loid\, a. [Style + -oid: cf. F. stylo["i]de, Gr.
?.]
1. Styliform; as, the styloid process.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the styloid process.
{Styloid process} (Anat.), a long and slender process from
the lower side of the temporal bone of man, corresponding
to the tympanohyal and stylohyal of other animals.
Stylomastoid \Sty`lo*mas"toid\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the styloid and mastoid processes of the
temporal bone.
Stylomaxillary \Sty`lo*max"il*la*ry\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the maxilla.
Stylometer \Sty*lom"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? column + -meter.]
An instrument for measuring columns.
Stylommata \Sty*lom"ma*ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a pillar + ?,
?, the eye.]
Same as {Stylommatophora}.
Stylommatophora \Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*ra\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
column + ? eye + ? to bear.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Pulmonata in which the eyes are situated at the
tips of the tentacles. It includes the common land snails and
slugs. See Illust. under {Snail}.
Stylommatophorous \Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*rous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to Stylommatophora.
Stylopodium \Sty`lo*po"di*um\, n.; pl. {Stylopodia}. [NL. See
{Style}, and {Podium}.] (Bot.)
An expansion at the base of the style, as in umbelliferous
plants.
Stylops \Sty"lops\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a pillar + ?, ?, the
eye.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of minute insects parasitic, in their larval state,
on bees and wasps. It is the typical genus of the group
Strepsiptera, formerly considered a distinct order, but now
generally referred to the Coleoptera. See {Strepsiptera}.
Stylus \Sty"lus\, n. [L. stylus, or better stilus.]
An instrument for writing. See {Style}, n., 1.
Styphnate \Styph"nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of styphnic acid.
Styphnic \Styph"nic\, a. [Gr. (spurious) sty`fein to contract.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline
astringent acid, {(NO2)3.C6H.(OH)2}, obtained by the action
of nitric acid on resorcin. Styphnic acid resembles picric
acid, but is not bitter. It acts like a strong dibasic acid,
having a series of well defined salts.
Styptic \Styp"tic\, a. [L. stypticus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to contract.]
Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality
of restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part;
astringent. [Written also {stiptic}.]
{Styptic weed} (Bot.), an American leguminous herb ({Cassia
occidentalis}) closely related to the wild senna.
Styptic \Styp"tic\, n. (Med.)
A styptic medicine.
Styptical \Styp"tic*al\, a.
Styptic; astringent.
Stypticity \Styp*tic"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. stypticit['e].]
The quality or state of being styptic; astringency.
Styracin \Styr"a*cin\, n. [See {Styrax}.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline tasteless substance extracted from gum
storax, and consisting of a salt of cinnamic acid with
cinnamic alcohol.
Styrax \Sty"rax\, n. [L. styrax, storax, Gr. ?. See {Storax}.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of shrubs and trees, mostly American or
Asiatic, abounding in resinous and aromatic substances.
{Styrax officinalis} yields storax, and {S. Benzoin}
yields benzoin.
2. Same as {Storax}.
Styrol \Sty"rol\, n. [Styrax + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
See {Styrolene}.
Styrolene \Sty"ro*lene\, n. (Chem.)
An unsaturated hydrocarbon, {C8H8}, obtained by the
distillation of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic
acid, and by the condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant,
aromatic, mobile liquid; -- called also {phenyl ethylene},
{vinyl benzene}, {styrol}, {styrene}, and {cinnamene}.
Styrone \Sty"rone\, n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance having a sweet taste and a
hyacinthlike odor, obtained by the decomposition of styracin;
-- properly called {cinnamic, or styryl, alcohol}.
Styryl \Sty"ryl\, n. [Styrax + -yl.] (Chem.)
A hypothetical radical found in certain derivatives of
styrolene and cinnamic acid; -- called also {cinnyl}, or
{cinnamyl}.
Stythe \Stythe\, n. (Mining)
Choke damp.
Stythy \Styth"y\, n. & v.
See {Stithy}.
Styx \Styx\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] (Class. Myth.)
The principal river of the lower world, which had to be
crossed in passing to the regions of the dead.
Suability \Su`a*bil"i*ty\, n. (Law)
Liability to be sued; the state of being subjected by law to
civil process.
Suable \Su"a*ble\, a. (Law)
Capable of being sued; subject by law to be called to answer
in court. --Story.
Suade \Suade\, v. t. [L. suadere.]
To persuade. [Obs.]
Suadible \Suad"i*ble\, a. [L. suadibilis.]
Suasible. [Obs.] --Wyclif (James iii. 17).
Suage \Suage\, v. t.
To assuage. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Suant \Su"ant\, a. [Cf. {Sue} to pursue.]
Spread equally over the surface; uniform; even. [Written also
{suent}.] [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.] -- {Su"ant*ly}, adv.
[Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.]
Suasible \Sua"si*ble\, a. [L. suadere, suasum, to persuade.]
Capable of being persuaded; easily persuaded.
Suasion \Sua"sion\, n. [L. suasio, fr. suadere, suasum, to
advise, persuade, fr. suadus persuading, persuasive; akin to
suavis sweet: cf. OF. suasion. See {Suave}, and cf.
{Dissuade}, {Persuade}.]
The act of persuading; persuasion; as, moral suasion.
Suasive \Sua"sive\, a.
Having power to persuade; persuasive; suasory. --South.
``Genial and suasive satire.'' --Earle. -- {Sua"sive*ly},
adv.
Suasory \Sua"so*ry\, a. [L. suasorius: cf. F. suasoire.]
Tending to persuade; suasive.
Suave \Suave\, a. [L. suavis sweet, pleasant: cf. F. suave. See
{Sweet}, and cf. {Suasion}.]
Sweet; pleasant; delightful; gracious or agreeable in manner;
bland. -- {Suave"ly}, adv.
Suavify \Suav"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suavified}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Suavifying}.] [Suave + -fy.]
To make affable or suave.
Suaviloquent \Sua*vil"o*quent\, a. [L. suaviloquens; suavis
sweet + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.]
Sweetly speaking; using agreeable speech. [R.]
Suaviloquy \Sua*vil"o*quy\, n. [L. suaviloquium.]
Sweetness of speech. [R.]
Suavity \Suav"i*ty\, n. [L. suavitas: cf. F. suavit['e].]
1. Sweetness to the taste. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
2. The quality of being sweet or pleasing to the mind;
agreeableness; softness; pleasantness; gentleness;
urbanity; as, suavity of manners; suavity of language,
conversation, or address. --Glanvill.
Sub- \Sub-\ [L. sub under, below; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. upa to,
on, under, over. Cf. {Hypo-}, {Super-}.]
1. A prefix signifying under, below, beneath, and hence
often, in an inferior position or degree, in an imperfect
or partial state, as in subscribe, substruct, subserve,
subject, subordinate, subacid, subastringent, subgranular,
suborn. Sub- in Latin compounds often becomes sum- before
m, sur before r, and regularly becomes suc-, suf-, sug-,
and sup- before c, f, g, and p respectively. Before c, p,
and t it sometimes takes form sus- (by the dropping of b
from a collateral form, subs-).
2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting that the ingredient (of a
compound) signified by the term to which it is prefixed,is
present in only a small proportion, or less than the
normal amount; as, subsulphide, suboxide, etc. Prefixed to
the name of a salt it is equivalent to basic; as,
subacetate or basic acetate. [Obsoles.]
Sub \Sub\, n.
A subordinate; a subaltern. [Colloq.]
Subacid \Sub*ac"id\, a. [L. subacidus. See {Sub-}, {Acid}.]
Moderately acid or sour; as, some plants have subacid juices.
-- n. A substance moderately acid.
Subacrid \Sub*ac"rid\, a.
Moderalely acrid or harsh.
Subacromial \Sub`a*cro"mi*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated beneath the acromial process of the scapula.
Subact \Sub*act"\, v. t. [L. subactus, p. p. of subigere to
subdue; sub under + agere to lead, bring.]
To reduce; to subdue. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Subaction \Sub*ac"tion\, n. [Cf. L. subactio a working up,
discipline.]
The act of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies
combletely. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Subacute \Sub`a*cute"\, a.
Moderalely acute.
Subaduncate \Sub`a*dun"cate\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Somewhat hooked or curved.
Subadvocate \Sub*ad"vo*cate\, n.
An under or subordinate advocate.
Subaerial \Sub`a*["e]"ri*al\, a.
Beneath the sky; in the open air; specifically (Geol.),
taking place on the earth's surface, as opposed to
subaqueous.
Subagency \Sub*a"gen*cy\, n.
A subordinate agency.
Subagent \Sub*a"gent\, n. (Law)
A person employed by an agent to transact the whole, or a
part, of the business intrusted to the latter. --Bouvier.
Chitty.
Subagitation \Sub*ag`i*ta"tion\, n. [L. subagitatio, fr.
subagitare to lie with illicity.]
Unlawful sexual intercourse. [Obs.]
Subash \Su"bash\, n. [Per. & Hinf. s?bah.]
A province; a government, as of a viceroy; also, a subahdar.
[India]
Subashdar \Su"bash*dar\, n. [Per. & Hinf. s?bah-d[=a]r, Per.
s?bah a province + d[=a]r holding, keeping.]
A viceroy; a governor of a subah; also, a native captain in
the British native army. [India]
Subashdary \Su"bash*dar`y\, Subashship \Su"bash*ship\, n.
The office or jurisdiction of a subahdar.
Subaid \Sub*aid"\, v. t.
To aid secretly; to assist in a private manner, or
indirectly. [R.] --Daniel.
Subalmoner \Sub*al"mon*er\, n.
An under almoner.
Subalpine \Sub*al"pine\, a. [L. subalpinus.] (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Inhabiting the somewhat high slopes and summits of mountains,
but considerably below the snow line.
Subaltern \Sub*al"tern\, a. [F. subalterne, LL. subalternus, fr.
L. sub under + alter the one, the other of two. See {Alter}.]
1. Ranked or ranged below; subordinate; inferior;
specifically (Mil.), ranking as a junior officer; being
below the rank of captain; as, a subaltern officer.
2. (Logic) Asserting only a part of what is asserted in a
related proposition.
{Subaltern genus}. (Logic) See under {Genus}.
Subaltern \Sub*al"tern\, n.
1. A person holding a subordinate position; specifically, a
commissioned military officer below the rank of captain.
2. (Logic) A subaltern proposition. --Whately.
Subalternant \Sub`al*ter"nant\, n. (Logic)
A universal proposition. See {Subaltern}, 2. --Whately.
Subalternate \Sub`al*ter"nate\, a.
1. Succeeding by turns; successive.
2. Subordinate; subaltern; inferior.
All their subalternate and several kinds. --Evelyn.
Subalternate \Sub`al*ter"nate\, n. (Logic)
A particular proposition, as opposed to a universal one. See
{Subaltern}, 2.
Subalternating \Sub*al"ter*na`ting\, a.
Subalternate; successive.
Subalternation \Sub*al"ter*na`tion\, n.
The state of being subalternate; succession of turns;
subordination.
Subangular \Sub*an"gu*lar\, a.
Slightly angular.
Subapennine \Sub*ap"en*nine\, a.
Under, or at the foot of, the Apennine mountains; -- applied,
in geology, to a series of Tertiary strata of the older
Pliocene period.
Subapical \Sub*ap"ic*al\, a.
Being under the apex; of or pertaining to the part just below
the apex.
Subaquaneous \Sub`a*qua"ne*ous\, a. [L. subaquaneus; sub + aqua
water.]
Subaqueous. [Obs.]
Subaquatic \Sub`a*quat"ic\, Subaqueous \Sub*a"que*ous\, a.
1. Being under water, or beneath the surface of water;
adapted for use under water; submarine; as, a subaqueous
helmet.
2. (Geol.) Formed in or under water; as, subaqueous deposits.
Subarachnoid \Sub`a*rach"noid\, Subarachnoidal
\Sub*ar`ach*noid"al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the arachnoid membrane.
Subarctic \Sub*arc"tic\, a.
Approximately arctic; belonging to a region just without the
arctic circle.
Subarcuate \Sub*ar"cu*ate\, Subarcuated \Sub*ar"cu*a`ted\, a.
Having a figure resembling that of a bow; somewhat curved or
arched.
Subarration \Sub`ar*ra"tion\, n. [Pref. sub- + L. arra, arrha,
earnest money. See {Earnest} a pledge.]
The ancient custom of betrothing by the bestowal, on the part
of the man, of marriage gifts or tokens, as money, rings, or
other presents, upon the woman.
Subarytenoid \Sub`a*ryt"e*noid\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the arytenoid cartilage of the larynx.
Subastral \Sub*as"tral\, a.
Beneath the stars or heavens; terrestrial. --Bp. Warburton.
Subastringent \Sub`as*trin"gent\, a.
Somewhat astringent.
Subatom \Sub*at"om\, n. (Chem.)
A hypothetical component of a chemical atom, on the theory
that the elements themselves are complex substances; --
called also {atomicule}.
Subaud \Sub*aud"\, v. t. [L. subaudire, subauditum; sub under +
audire to hear.]
To understand or supply in an ellipsis. [R.]
Subaudition \Sub`au*di"tion\, n. [L. subauditio.]
The act of understanding, or supplying, something not
expressed; also, that which is so understood or supplied.
--Trench.
Subaxillary \Sub*ax"il*la*ry\, a.
1. (Anat.) Situated under the axilla, or armpit.
2. (Bot.) Placed under the axil, or angle formed by the
branch of a plant with the stem, or a leaf with the
branch.
Subbasal \Sub*ba"sal\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Near the base.
Sub-base \Sub"-base`\, n. (Arch.)
The lowest member of a base when divided horizontally, or of
a baseboard, pedestal, or the like.
Sub-bass \Sub"-bass`\, n. (Mus.)
The deepest pedal stop, or the lowest tones of an organ; the
fundamental or ground bass. [Written also {sub-base}.]
--Ayliffe.
Subbeadle \Sub*bea"dle\, n.
An under beadle.
Subbrachial \Sub*brach"i*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the subbrachians.
Subbrachiales \Sub*brach`i*a"les\, n. pl. [NL. See {Sub-}, and
{Brachial}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of soft-finned fishes in which the ventral fins
are situated beneath the pectorial fins, or nearly so.
Subbrachian \Sub*brach"i*an\, n. [Pref. sub- + brachium.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of the Subbrachiales.
Subbreed \Sub"breed`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A race or strain differing in certain characters from the
parent breed; an incipient breed.
Subbronchial \Sub*bron"chi*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the bronchi; as,
the subbronchial air sacs of birds.
Subcaliber \Sub*cal"i*ber\, a.
Smaller than the caliber of a firearm. [Written also
{subcalibre}.]
{Subcaliber projectile}, a projectile having a smaller
diameter than the caliber of the arm from which it is
fired, and to which it is fitted by means of a sabot.
--Knight.
Subcarboniferous \Sub*car`bon*if"er*ous\, a. (Geol.)
Of or pertaining to the lowest division of the Carboniferous
formations underlying the proper coal measures. It was a
marine formation characterized in general by beds of
limestone. -- n. The Subcarboniferous period or formation.
Subcarbureted \Sub*car"bu*ret`ed\, a. (Chem.)
United with, or containing, carbon in less than the normal
proportion. [Written also {subcarburetted}.] [Obsoles.]
Subcartilaginous \Sub*car`ti*lag"i*nous\, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated under or beneath a cartilage or cartilages.
(b) Partially cartilaginous.
Subcaudal \Sub*cau"dal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the tail; as, the
subcaudal, or chevron, bones.
Subcelestial \Sub`ce*les"tial\, a.
Being beneath the heavens; as, subcelestial glories.
--Barrow.
Subcentral \Sub*cen"tral\, a.
1. Under the center.
2. Nearly central; not quite central.
Subchanter \Sub*chant"er\, n. (Eccl.)
An underchanter; a precentor's deputy in a cathedral; a
succentor.
Subcircular \Sub*cir"cu*lar\, a.
Nearly circular.
Subclass \Sub"class`\, n.
One of the natural groups, more important than an order, into
which some classes are divided; as, the angiospermous
subclass of exogens.
Subclavian \Sub*cla"vi*an\, a. [Pref. sub- + L. clavis a key.
See {Clavicle}.] (Anat.)
Situated under the clavicle, or collar bone; as, the
subclavian arteries.
Subcolumnar \Sub`co*lum"nar\, a. (Geol.)
Having an imperfect or interrupted columnar structure.
Subcommittee \Sub`com*mit"tee\, n.
An under committee; a part or division of a committee.
Yet by their sequestrators and subcommittees abroad . .
. those orders were commonly disobeyed. --Milton.
Subcompressed \Sub`com*pressed"\, a.
Not fully compressed; partially or somewhat compressed.
Subconcave \Sub*con"cave\, a.
Slightly concave. --Owen.
Subconformable \Sub`con*form"a*ble\, a.
Partially conformable.
Subconical \Sub*con"ic*al\, a.
Slightly conical.
Subconjunctival \Sub*con`junc*ti"val\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the conjunctiva.
Subconscious \Sub*con"scious\, a.
1. Occurring without the possibility or the fact of an
attendant consciousness; -- said of states of the soul.
2. Partially conscious; feebly conscious.
Subconstellation \Sub*con`stel*la"tion\, n. (Astron.)
A subordinate constellation. --Sir T. Browne.
Subcontract \Sub*con"tract\, n.
A contract under, or subordinate to, a previous contract.
Subcontracted \Sub`con*tract"ed\, a.
1. Contracted after a former contract.
2. Betrothed for the second time. [Obs.] --Shak.
Subcontractor \Sub`con*tract"or\, n.
One who takes a portion of a contract, as for work, from the
principal contractor.
Subcontrary \Sub*con"tra*ry\, a.
1. Contrary in an inferior degree.
2. (Geom.) Having, or being in, a contrary order; -- said of
a section of an oblique cone having a circular base made
by a plane not parallel to the base, but so inclined to
the axis that the section is a circle; applied also to two
similar triangles when so placed as to have a common angle
at the vertex, the opposite sides not being parallel.
--Brande & C.
3. (Logic) Denoting the relation of opposition between the
particular affirmative and particular negative. Of these
both may be true and only one can be false.
Subcontrary \Sub*con"tra*ry\, n.; pl. {Subcontraries}. (Logic)
A subcontrary proposition; a proposition inferior or contrary
in a lower degree.
Subcoracoid \Sub*cor"a*coid\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the coracoid process of the scapula; as, the
subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus.
Subcordate \Sub*cor"date\, a.
Somewhat cordate; somewhat like a heart in shape.
Subcorneous \Sub*cor"ne*ous\, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated under a horny part or layer.
(b) Partially horny.
Subcostal \Sub*cos"tal\, a. (Anat. & Zo["o]l.)
Situated below the costas, or ribs; as, the subcostal
muscles.
Note: The subcostal muscles are distinct from, and within,
the intercostal.
Subcostal \Sub*cos"tal\, n.
1. (Anat.) A subcostal muscle.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the principal nervures of the wings of
an insect. It is situated next beneath or behind the
costal. See {Nervure}.
Subcranial \Sub*cra"ni*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the cranium;
facial.
Subcrustaceous \Sub`crus*ta"ceous\, a.
Occurring beneath a crust or scab; as, a subcrustaceous
cicatrization.
Subcrystalline \Sub*crys"tal*line\, a.
Imperfectly crystallized.
Subcultrate \Sub*cul"trate\, Subcultrated \Sub*cul"tra*ted\, a.
(Zo["o]l.)
Having a form resembling that of a colter, or straight on one
side and curved on the other.
Subcutaneous \Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous\, a.
Situated under the skin; hypodermic. --
{Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous*ly}, adv.
{Subcutaneous operation} (Surg.), an operation performed
without opening that part of the skin opposite to, or
over, the internal section.
Subcuticular \Sub`cu*tic"u*lar\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the cuticle, or scarfskin.
Subcylindrical \Sub`cy*lin"dric*al\, Subcylindric
\Sub`cy*lin"dric\, a.
Imperfectly cylindrical; approximately cylindrical.
Subdeacon \Sub*dea"con\, n. [Pref. sub- + deacon: cf. L.
subdiaconus.] (Eccl.)
One belonging to an order in the Roman Catholic Church, next
interior to the order of deacons; also, a member of a minor
order in the Greek Church.
Subdeaconry \Sub*dea"con*ry\, Subdeaconship \Sub*dea"con*ship\,
n. (Eccl.)
The order or office of subdeacon.
Subdean \Sub"dean`\, n. [Pref. sub- + dean: cf. F. sousdoyen.]
An under dean; the deputy or substitute of a dean. --Ayliffe.
Subdeanery \Sub*dean"er*y\, n.
Office or rank of subdean.
Subdecanal \Sub*dec"a*nal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a subdean or subdeanery.
Subdecuple \Sub*dec"u*ple\, a.
Containing one part of ten.
Subdelegate \Sub*del"e*gate\, n.
A subordinate delegate, or one with inferior powers.
Subdelegate \Sub*del"e*gate\, v. t.
To appoint to act as subdelegate, or as a subordinate; to
depete.
Subdented \Sub*dent"ed\, a.
Indented beneath.
Subdepartment \Sub`de*part"ment\, n.
A subordinate department; a bureau. See the Note under
{Bureau}.
Subdeposit \Sub`de*pos"it\, n.
That which is deposited beneath something else.
Subderisorious \Sub`der*i*so"ri*ous\, a. [Pref. sub- + L.
derisorius. See {Derisory}.]
Ridiculing with moderation. [R.] --Dr. H. More.
Subderivative \Sub`de*riv"a*tive\, n.
A word derived from a derivative, and not directly from the
root; as, ``friendliness'' is a subderivative, being derived
from ``friendly'', which is in turn a derivative from
``friend.''
Subdiaconate \Sub`di*ac"o*nate\, a.
Of or pertaining to a subdeacon, or to the office or rank of
a subdeacon.
Subdiaconate \Sub`di*ac"o*nate\, n.
The office or rank of a subdeacon.
Subdial \Sub*di"al\, a. [L. subdialis in the open air.]
Of or pertaining to the open air; being under the open sky.
[R.] --N. Bacon.
Subdialect \Sub*di"a*lect\, n.
A subordinate dialect.
Subdichotomy \Sub`di*chot"o*my\, n.
A subordinate, or inferior, division into parts; a
subdivision. [R.]
Many subdichatomies of petty schisms. --Milton.
Subdilated \Sub`di*lat"ed\, a.
Partially dilated.
Subdititious \Sub`di*ti"tious\, a. [L. subdititius, subditicius,
fr. subdere to substitute.]
Put secretly in the place of something else; foisted in. [R.]
Subdiversify \Sub`di*ver"si*fy\, v. t.
To diversify aggain what is already diversified. [R.] --Sir
M. Hale.
Subdivide \Sub`di*vide"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subdivided}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Subdividing}.] [L. subdividere, sub under +
dividere to divide. See {Divide}.]
To divide the parts of (anything) into more parts; to part
into smaller divisions; to divide again, as what has already
been divided.
The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies,
and those colonies were subdivided into many others.
--Dryden.
Subdivide \Sub`di*vide"\, v. i.
To be, or to become, subdivided.
Subdivine \Sub`di*vine"\, a.
Partaking of divinity; divine in a partial or lower degree.
--Bp. Hall.
Subdivisible \Sub`di*vis"i*ble\, a.
Susceptible of subdivision.
Subdivision \Sub`di*vi"sion\, n. [L. subdivisio: cf. F.
subdivision.]
1. The act of subdividing, or separating a part into smaller
parts.
2. A part of a thing made by subdividing.
In the decimal table, the subdivision of the cubit,
as span, palm, and digit, are deduced from the
shorter cubit. --Arbuthnot.
Subdolous \Sub"do*lous\, a. [L. subdolus, sub + dolus deceit.]
Sly; crafty; cunning; artful. [R.]
Subdominant \Sub*dom"i*nant\, n. (Mus.)
The fourth tone above, or fifth below, the tonic; -- so
called as being under the dominant.
Subduable \Sub*du"a*ble\, a.
Able to be subdued.
Subdual \Sub*du"al\, n.
Act of subduing. --Bp. Warburton.
Subduce \Sub*duce"\, Subduct \Sub*duct"\, v. t. [L. subducere,
subductum; sub under + ducere to lead, to draw. See {Duke},
and cf. {Subdue}.]
1. To withdraw; to take away. --Milton.
2. To subtract by arithmetical operation; to deduct.
If, out of that infinite multitude of antecedent
generations, we should subduce ten. --Sir M. Hale.
Subduction \Sub*duc"tion\, n. [L. subductio.]
1. The act of subducting or taking away. --Bp. Hall.
2. Arithmetical subtraction. --Sir M. Hale.
Subdue \Sub*due"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subdued}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Subduing}.] [OE. soduen, OF. sosduire to seduce, L.
subtus below (fr. sub under) + ducere to lead. See {Duke},
and cf. {Subduct}.]
1. To bring under; to conquer by force or the exertion of
superior power, and bring into permanent subjection; to
reduce under dominion; to vanquish.
I will subdue all thine enemies. --1 Chron.
xvii. 10.
2. To overpower so as to disable from further resistance; to
crush.
Nothing could have subdued nature To such a lowness,
but his unkind daughters. --Shak.
If aught . . . were worthy to subdue The soul of
man. --Milton.
3. To destroy the force of; to overcome; as, medicines subdue
a fever.
4. To render submissive; to bring under command; to reduce to
mildness or obedience; to tame; as, to subdue a stubborn
child; to subdue the temper or passions.
5. To overcome, as by persuasion or other mild means; as, to
subdue opposition by argument or entreaties.
6. To reduce to tenderness; to melt; to soften; as, to subdue
ferocity by tears.
7. To make mellow; to break, as land; also, to destroy, as
weeds.
8. To reduce the intensity or degree of; to tone down; to
soften; as, to subdue the brilliancy of colors.
Syn: To conquer; overpower; overcome; surmount; vanquish. See
{Conquer}.
Subdued \Sub*dued"\, a.
1. Conquered; overpowered; crushed; submissive; mild.
2. Not glaring in color; soft in tone.
Subduement \Sub*due"ment\, n.
Subdual. [Obs.] --Shak.
Subduer \Sub*du"er\, n.
One who, or that which, subdues; a conqueror. --Spenser.
Subdulcid \Sub*dul"cid\, a. [Pref. sub + L. dulcis sweet.]
Somewhat sweet; sweetish. [R.]
Subduple \Sub"du*ple\, a. (Math.)
Indicating one part of two; in the ratio of one to two.
{Subduple ratio}, the ratio of 1 to 2: thus, 3:6 is a
subduple ratio, as 6:3 is a duple ratio.
Subduplicate \Sub*du"pli*cate\, a. (Math.)
Expressed by the square root; -- said of ratios.
{Subduplicate ratio}, the ratio of the square roots, or the
square root of a ratio; thus, the subduplicate ratio of a
to b is [root]a to [root]b, or [root]a/b.
Subdural \Sub*du"ral\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the dura mater, or between the dura mater and
the arachnoid membrane.
Subeditor \Sub*ed"i*tor\, n.
An assistant editor, as of a periodical or journal.
Subelongate \Sub`e*lon"gate\, a.
Not fully elongated; somewhat elongated.
Subendocardial \Sub*en`do*car"di*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the endocardium.
Subendymal \Sub*en"dy*mal\, a. [Pref. sub + endyma.]
Situated under the endyma.
Subepidermal \Sub*ep`i*der"mal\, a.
Situated immediately below the epidermis.
Subepiglottic \Sub*ep`i*glot"tic\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the epiglottis.
Subepithelial \Sub*ep`i*the"li*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the epithelium.
Subequal \Sub*e"qual\, a.
Nearly equal.
Suberate \Su"ber*ate\, n. [Cf. F. sub['e]rate.] (Chem.)
A salt of suberic acid.
Subereous \Su*be"re*ous\, a. [L. subereus of the cork tree.]
Of or pertaining to cork; of the nature of cork; suberose.
Suberic \Su*ber"ic\, a. [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F.
sub['e]reque.] (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to cork; specifically, designating an acid,
{C6H12.(CO2H)2}, homologous with oxalic acid, and obtained
from cork and certain fatty oils, as a white crystalline
substance.
Suberin \Su"ber*in\, n. [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F.
sub['e]rine.] (Bot.)
A material found in the cell walls of cork. It is a
modification of lignin.
Suberite \Su"ber*ite\, n. [L. suber the cork tree.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any sponge of the genus {Suberites} and allied genera. These
sponges have a fine and compact texture, and contain minute
siliceous spicules.
Suberone \Su"ber*one\, n. (Chem.)
(a) The hypothetical ketone of suberic acid.
(b) A colorless liquid, analogous suberone proper, having a
pleasant peppermint odor. It is obtained by the
distillation of calcium suberate.
Suberose \Su"ber*ose`\, Suberous \Su"ber*ous\, a. [L. suber the
cork tree: cf. F. sub['e]reux.] (Bot.)
Having a corky texture.
Subesophageal \Sub*e`so*phag"e*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Situated beneath the esophagus. [Written also
{sub[oe]sophageal}.]
{Subesophageal ganglion} (Zo["o]l.), a large special ganglion
situated beneath the esophagus of arthropods, annelids,
and some other invertebrates.
Subfamily \Sub*fam"i*ly\, n. (Biol.)
One of the subdivisions, of more importance than genus, into
which certain families are divided.
Subfibrous \Sub*fi"brous\, a.
Somewhat fibrous.
Subfuscous \Sub*fus"cous\, a. [L. subfuscus, suffuscus. See
{Sub-}, and {Fuscous}.]
Duskish; moderately dark; brownish; tawny.
Subfusk \Sub*fusk"\, a.
Subfuscous. [Obs.] --Tatler.
Subgelatinous \Sub`ge*lat"i*nous\, a.
Imperfectly or partially gelatinous.
Subgeneric \Sub`ge*ner"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a subgenus.
Subgenus \Sub*ge"nus\, n.; pl. {Subgenera}. (Biol.)
A subdivision of a genus, comprising one or more species
which differ from other species of the genus in some
important character or characters; as, the azaleas now
constitute a subgenus of Rhododendron.
Subglacial \Sub*gla"cial\, a.
Pertaining or belonging to the under side of a glacier; being
beneath a glacier; as, subglacial streams.
Subglobose \Sub`glo*bose"\, a.
Not quite globose.
Subglobular \Sub*glob"u*lar\, a.
Nearly globular.
Subglossal \Sub*glos"sal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the tongue; sublingual.
Subglottic \Sub*glot"tic\, a. (Anat.)
Situated below the glottis; -- applied to that part of the
cavity of the larynx below the true vocal cords.
Subglumaceous \Sub`glu*ma"ceous\, a.
Somewhat glumaceous.
Subgovernor \Sub*gov"ern*or\, n.
A subordinate or assistant governor.
Subgranular \Sub*gran"u*lar\, a.
Somewhat granular.
Subgroup \Sub"group`\, n. (Biol.)
A subdivision of a group, as of animals. --Darwin.
Subhastation \Sub`has*ta"tion\, n. [L. subhastatio.]
A public sale or auction. [R.] --Bp. Burnet.
Subhepatic \Sub`he*pat"ic\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the liver; --
applied to the interlobular branches of the portal vein.
Subhornblendic \Sub`horn*blend"ic\, a. (Min.)
Containing hornblende in a scattered state; of or relating to
rocks containing disseminated hornblende.
Subhumerate \Sub*hu"mer*ate\, v. t. [See {Sub-}, {Humerus}.]
To place the shoulders under; to bear. [Obs.]
Nothing surer ties a friend than freely to subhumerate
the burden which was his. --Feltham.
Subhyaloid \Sub*hy"a*loid\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the hyaliod membrane.
Subhyoidean \Sub`hy*oid"e*an\, a. (Anat. & Med.)
Situated or performed beneath the hyoid bone; as, subhyoidean
laryngotomy.
Subimago \Sub`i*ma"go\, n. [NL. See {Sub-}, and {Imago}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A stage in the development of certain insects, such as the
May flies, intermediate between the pupa and imago. In this
stage, the insect is able to fly, but subsequently sheds a
skin before becoming mature. Called also {pseudimago}.
Subincusation \Sub*in`cu*sa"tion\, n. [Pref. sub + L. incusatio
accusation, fr. incusare to accuse.]
A slight charge or accusation. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Subindex \Sub*in"dex\, n.; pl. {Subindices}. (Math.)
A number or mark placed opposite the lower part of a letter
or symbol to distinguish the symbol; thus, a_{0}, b_{1},
c_{2}, x_{n}, have 0, 1, 2, and n as subindices.
Subindicate \Sub*in"di*cate\, v. t. [Pref. sub + indicate: cf.
L. subindicare.]
To indicate by signs or hints; to indicate imperfectly. [R.]
--Dr. H. More.
Subindication \Sub*in`di*ca"tion\, n.
The act of indicating by signs; a slight indication. [R.]
``The subindication and shadowing of heavenly things.''
--Barrow.
Subindividual \Sub*in`di*vid"u*al\, n.
A division of that which is individual.
An individual can not branch itself into
subindividuals. --Milton.
Subinduce \Sub`in*duce"\, v. t.
To insinuate; to offer indirectly. [Obs.] --Sir E. Dering.
Subibfer \Sub`ib*fer"\, v. t. & i.
To infer from an inference already made. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Subinfeudation \Sub*in`feu*da"tion\, n. (Law)
(a) The granting of lands by inferior lords to their
dependents, to be held by themselves by feudal tenure.
--Craig.
(b) Subordinate tenancy; undertenancy.
The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a
kind of subinfeudation, or undertenancy.
--Blackstone.
Subingression \Sub`in*gres"sion\, n.
Secret entrance. [R.] --Boyle.
Subintestinal \Sub`in*tes"ti*nal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the intestine.
Subinvolution \Sub*in`vo*lu"tion\, n.
Partial or incomplete involution; as, subinvolution of the
uterus.
Subitaneous \Sub`i*ta"ne*ous\, a. [L. subitaneus. See {Sudden}.]
Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] --Bullokar. -- {Sub`i*ta"ne*ous*ness},
n. [Obs.]
Subitany \Sub"i*ta*ny\, a.
Subitaneous; sudden; hasty. [Obs.] --Hales.
Subito \Su"bi*to\, adv. [It. & L.] (Mus.)
In haste; quickly; rapidly.
Subjacent \Sub*ja"cent\, a. [L. subjacens, p. pr. of subjacere
to lie under; sub under + jacere to lie.]
1. Lying under or below.
2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly beneath;
as, hills and subjacent valleys.
Subject \Sub*ject"\, a. [OE. suget, OF. souzget, sougit (in
which the first part is L. subtus below, fr. sub under),
subgiet, subject, F. sujet, from L. subjectus lying under,
subjected, p. p. of subjicere, subicere, to throw, lay,
place, or bring under; sub under + jacere to throw. See {Jet}
a shooting forth.]
1. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower
situation. [Obs.] --Spenser.
2. Placed under the power of another; specifically
(International Law), owing allegiance to a particular
sovereign or state; as, Jamaica is subject to Great
Britain.
Esau was never subject to Jacob. --Locke.
3. Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; as, a country subject to
extreme heat; men subject to temptation.
All human things are subject to decay. --Dryden.
4. Obedient; submissive.
Put them in mind to be subject to principalities.
--Titus iii.
1.
Syn: Liable; subordinate; inferior; obnoxious; exposed. See
{Liable}.
Subject \Sub*ject"\, n. [From L. subjectus, through an old form
of F. sujet. See {Subject}, a.]
1. That which is placed under the authority, dominion,
control, or influence of something else.
2. Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler
and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a
sovereign or a sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen
Victoria; a British subject; a subject of the United
States.
Was never subject longed to be a king, As I do long
and wish to be a subject. --Shak.
The subject must obey his prince, because God
commands it, human laws require it. --Swift.
Note: In international law, the term subject is convertible
with citizen.
3. That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical
operation or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body
used for the purpose of dissection.
4. That which is brought under thought or examination; that
which is taken up for discussion, or concerning which
anything is said or done. ``This subject for heroic
song.'' --Milton.
Make choice of a subject, beautiful and noble, which
. . . shall afford an ample field of matter wherein
to expatiate. --Dryden.
The unhappy subject of these quarrels. --Shak.
5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the
chief character.
Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be
prejudiced in favor of their subject. --C.
Middleton.
6. (Logic & Gram.) That of which anything is affirmed or
predicated; the theme of a proposition or discourse; that
which is spoken of; as, the nominative case is the subject
of the verb.
The subject of a proposition is that concerning
which anything is affirmed or denied. --I. Watts.
7. That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether
spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these
appertain; substance; substratum.
That which manifests its qualities -- in other
words, that in which the appearing causes inhere,
that to which they belong -- is called their subject
or substance, or substratum. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
8. Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its
own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal;
the ego. Cf. {Object}, n., 2.
The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped
and appropriated this expression to themselves.
Accordingly, in their hands, the phrases conscious
or thinking subject, and subject, mean precisely the
same thing. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
9. (Mus.) The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase,
on which a composition or a movement is based.
The earliest known form of subject is the
ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song.
--Rockstro.
10. (Fine Arts) The incident, scene, figure, group, etc.,
which it is the aim of the artist to represent.
Subject \Sub*ject"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subjected}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subjecting}.]
1. To bring under control, power, or dominion; to make
subject; to subordinate; to subdue.
Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification
of sense to the rule of right reason. --C.
Middleton.
In one short view subjected to our eye, Gods,
emperors, heroes, sages, beauties, lie. --Pope.
He is the most subjected, the most ?nslaved, who is
so in his understanding. --Locke.
2. To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; as, credulity
subjects a person to impositions.
3. To submit; to make accountable.
God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to
the scrutiny of our thoughts. --Locke.
4. To make subservient.
Subjected to his service angel wings. --Milton.
5. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white
heat; to subject a person to a rigid test.
Subjected \Sub*ject"ed\, a.
1. Subjacent. ``Led them direct . . . to the subjected
plain.'' [Obs.] --Milton.
2. Reduced to subjection; brought under the dominion of
another.
3. Exposed; liable; subject; obnoxious.
Subjection \Sub*jec"tion\, n. [L. subjectio: cf. OF. subjection,
F. subj['e]tion. See {Subject}, a.]
1. The act of subjecting, or of bringing under the dominion
of another; the act of subduing.
The conquest of the kingdom, and subjection of the
rebels. --Sir M. Hale.
2. The state of being subject, or under the power, control,
and government of another; a state of obedience or
submissiveness; as, the safety of life, liberty, and
property depends on our subjection to the laws. ``To be
bound under subjection.'' --Chaucer.
Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own
husbands. --1 Peter iii.
1.
Because the subjection of the body to the will is by
natural necessity, the subjection of the will unto
God voluntary, we stand in need of direction after
what sort our wills and desires may be rightly
conformed to His. --Hooker.
Subjectist \Sub"ject*ist\, n. (Metaph.)
One skilled in subjective philosophy; a subjectivist.
Subjective \Sub*jec"tive\, a. [L. subjectivus: cf. F.
subjectif.]
1. Of or pertaining to a subject.
2. Especially, pertaining to, or derived from, one's own
consciousness, in distinction from external observation;
ralating to the mind, or intellectual world, in
distinction from the outward or material excessively
occupied with, or brooding over, one's own internal
states.
Note: In the philosophy of the mind, subjective denotes what
is to be referred to the thinking subject, the ego;
objective, what belongs to the object of thought, the
non-ego. See {Objective}, a., 2. --Sir W. Hamilton.
3. (Lit. & Art) Modified by, or making prominent, the
individuality of a writer or an artist; as, a subjective
drama or painting; a subjective writer.
Syn: See {Objective}.
{Subjective sensation} (Physiol.), one of the sensations
occurring when stimuli due to internal causes excite the
nervous apparatus of the sense organs, as when a person
imagines he sees figures which have no objective reality.
-- {Sub*jec"tive*ly}, adv. -- {Sub*jec"tive*ness}, n.
Subjectivism \Sub*jec"tiv*ism\, n. (Metaph.)
Any philosophical doctrine which refers all knowledge to, and
founds it upon, any subjective states; egoism.
Subjectivist \Sub*jec"tiv*ist\, n. (Metaph.)
One who holds to subjectivism; an egoist.
Subjectivity \Sub`jec*tiv"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being subjective; character of the
subject.
Subjectless \Sub"ject*less\, a.
Having no subject.
Subject-matter \Sub"ject-mat`ter\, n.
The matter or thought presented for consideration in some
statement or discussion; that which is made the object of
thought or study.
As to the subject-matter, words are always to be
understood as having a regard thereto. --Blackstone.
As science makes progress in any subject-matter, poetry
recedes from it. --J. H.
Newman.
Subjectness \Sub"ject*ness\, n.
Quality of being subject. [R.]
Subjicible \Sub*jic"i*ble\, a.
Capable of being subjected. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
Subjoin \Sub*join"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subjoined}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subjoining}.] [Cf. OF. subjoindre, L. subjungere. See
{Sub-}, and {Join}, and cf. {Subjective}.]
To add after something else has been said or written; to
ANNEX; as, to subjoin an argument or reason.
Syn: To add; annex; join; unite.
Subjoinder \Sub*join"der\, n.
An additional remark. [R.]
Sub judice \Sub ju"di*ce\ [L.]
Before the judge, or court; not yet decided; under judicial
consideration.
Subjugate \Sub"ju*gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subjugated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Subjugating}.] [L. subjugatus, p. p. of
subjugare to subjugate; sub under + jugum a yoke. See
{Yoke}.]
To subdue, and bring under the yoke of power or dominion; to
conquer by force, and compel to submit to the government or
absolute control of another; to vanquish.
He subjugated a king, and called him his ``vassal.''
--Baker.
Syn: To conquer; subdue; overcome. See {Conquer}.
Subjugation \Sub`ju*ga"tion\, n. [Cf. F. subjugation, LL.
subjugatio.]
The act of subjugating, or the state of being subjugated.
Subjugator \Sub"ju*ga`tor\, n. [L.]
One who subjugates; a conqueror.
Subjunction \Sub*junc"tion\, n. [See {Subjunctive}.]
1. Act of subjoining, or state of being subjoined.
2. Something subjoined; as, a subjunction to a sentence.
Subjunctive \Sub*junc"tive\, a. [L. subjunctivus, fr.
subjungere, subjunctum, to subjoin: cf. F. subjonctif. See
{Subjoin}.]
Subjoined or added to something before said or written.
{Subjunctive mood} (Gram.), that form of a verb which express
the action or state not as a fact, but only as a
conception of the mind still contingent and dependent. It
is commonly subjoined, or added as subordinate, to some
other verb, and in English is often connected with it by
if, that, though, lest, unless, except, until, etc., as in
the following sentence: ``If there were no honey, they
[bees] would have no object in visiting the flower.''
--Lubbock. In some languages, as in Latin and Greek, the
subjunctive is often independent of any other verb, being
used in wishes, commands, exhortations, etc.
Subjunctive \Sub*junc"tive\, n. (Gram.)
The subjunctive mood; also, a verb in the subjunctive mood.
Subkingdom \Sub*king"dom\, n.
One of the several primary divisions of either the animal, or
vegetable kingdom, as, in zo["o]logy, the Vertebrata,
Tunicata, Mollusca, Articulata, Molluscoidea, Echinodermata,
C[oe]lentera, and the Protozoa; in botany, the Phanerogamia,
and the Cryptogamia.
Sublapsarian \Sub`lap*sa"ri*an\, n. & a. [Pref. sub + lapse: cf.
F. sublapsarien, sublapsarie.] (Eccl. Hist.)
Same as {Infralapsarian}.
Sublapsarianism \Sub`lap*sa"ri*an*ism\, n.
Infralapsarianism.
Sublapsary \Sub*lap"sa*ry\, a.
Sublapsarian. --Johnson.
Sublate \Sub"late\, v. t. [From sublatus, used as p. p. of
tollere to take away. See {Tolerate}.]
To take or carry away; to remove. [R.] --E. Hall.
Sublation \Sub*la"tion\, n. [L. sublatio, fr. sublatus, used as
p. p. of tollere to take away.]
The act of taking or carrying away; removal. [R.] --Bp. Hall.
Sublative \Sub"la*tive\, a.
Having power, or tending, to take away. [R.] --Harris.
Sublease \Sub"lease`\, n. (Law)
A lease by a tenant or lessee to another person; an
underlease. --Bouvier.
Sublessee \Sub`les*see"\, n.
A holder of a sublease.
Sublet \Sub*let"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sublet}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Subletting}.]
To underlet; to lease, as when a lessee leases to another
person.
Sublevation \Sub`le*va"tion\, n. [L. sublevare to lift up; sub
under + levare to lift, raise: cf. L. sublevatio an
allevation.]
1. The act of raising on high; elevation. --Sir T. More.
2. An uprising; an insurrection. [R.] --Sir W. Temple.
Sublibrarian \Sub`li*bra"ri*an\, n.
An under or assistant librarian.
Sublieutenant \Sub`lieu*ten"ant\, n. [Pref. sub + lieutenant:
cf. F. sous-lieutenant.]
An inferior or second lieutenant; in the British service, a
commissioned officer of the lowest rank.
Subligation \Sub`li*ga"tion\, n. [L. subligatio, from subligare
to bind below; sub under + ligare to bind.]
The act of binding underneath. [R.]
Sublimable \Sub*lim"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. sublimable. See
{Sublime}., v. t.]
Capable of being sublimed or sublimated. --
{Sub*lim"a*ble*ness}, n. --Boyle.
Sublimate \Sub"li*mate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sublimated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sublimating}.] [L. sublimatus, p. p. of
sublimare to raise, elevate, fr. sublimis high: cf. F.
sublimer. See {Sublime}, a., and cf. {Surlime}, v. t.]
1. To bring by heat into the state of vapor, which, on
cooling, returns again to the solid state; as, to
sublimate sulphur or camphor.
2. To refine and exalt; to heighten; to elevate.
The precepts of Christianity are . . . so apt to
cleanse and sublimate the more gross and corrupt.
--Dr. H. More.
Sublimate \Sub"li*mate\, n. [LL. sublimatum.] (Chem.)
A product obtained by sublimation; hence, also, a purified
product so obtained.
{Corrosive sublimate}. (Chem.) See under {Corrosive}.
Sublimate \Sub"li*mate\, a. [LL. sublimatus.]
Brought into a state of vapor by heat, and again condensed as
a solid.
Sublimated \Sub"li*ma`ted\, a.
Refined by, or as by, sublimation; exalted; purified.
[Words] whose weight best suits a sublimated strain.
--Dryden.
Sublimation \Sub"li*ma`tion\, n. [LL. sublimatio: cf. F.
sublimation.]
1. (Chem.) The act or process of subliming, or the state or
result of being sublimed.
2. The act of heightening or improving; exaltation;
elevation; purification.
3. That which is sublimed; the product of a purifying
process.
Religion is the perfection, refinement, and
sublimation of morality. --South.
Sublimatory \Sub"li*ma*to*ry\, a.
Used for sublimation; as, sublimatory vessels. --Boyle.
Sublimatory \Sub"li*ma*to*ry\, n.
A vessel used for sublimation.
Vials, crosslets, and sublimatories. --Chaucer.
Sublime \Sub*lime"\, a. [Compar. {Sublimer}; superl.
{Sublimest}.] [L. sublimis; sub under + (perhaps) a word akin
to limen lintel, sill, thus meaning, up to the lintel: cf. F.
sublime. Cf. {Eliminate}.]
1. Lifted up; high in place; exalted aloft; uplifted; lofty.
Sublime on these a tower of steel is reared.
--Dryden.
2. Distinguished by lofty or noble traits; eminent; -- said
of persons. ``The sublime Julian leader.'' --De Quincey.
3. Awakening or expressing the emotion of awe, adoration,
veneration, heroic resolve, etc.; dignified; grand;
solemn; stately; -- said of an impressive object in
nature, of an action, of a discourse, of a work of art, of
a spectacle, etc.; as, sublime scenery; a sublime deed.
Easy in words thy style, in sense sublime. --Prior.
Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be
strong. --Longfellow.
4. Elevated by joy; elate. [Poetic]
Their hearts were jocund and sublime, Drunk with
idolatry, drunk with wine. --Milton.
5. Lofty of mien; haughty; proud. [Poetic] ``Countenance
sublime and insolent.'' --Spenser.
His fair, large front and eye sublime declared
Absolute rule. --Milton.
Syn: Exalted; lofty; noble; majestic. See {Grand}.
Sublime \Sub*lime"\, n.
That which is sublime; -- with the definite article; as:
(a) A grand or lofty style in speaking or writing; a style
that expresses lofty conceptions.
The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts,
the magnificence of words, or the harmonious and
lively turn of the phrase. --Addison.
(b) That which is grand in nature or art, as distinguished
from the merely beautiful.
Sublime \Sub*lime"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sublimed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subliming}.] [Cf. L. sublimare, F. sublimer to
subject to sublimation. See {Sublime}, a., and cf.
{Sublimate}, v. t.]
1. To raise on high. [Archaic]
A soul sublimed by an idea above the region of
vanity and conceit. --E. P.
Whipple.
2. (Chem.) To subject to the process of sublimation; to heat,
volatilize, and condense in crystals or powder; to distill
off, and condense in solid form; hence, also, to purify.
3. To exalt; to heighten; to improve; to purify.
The sun . . . Which not alone the southern wit
sublimes, But ripens spirits in cold, northern
climes. --Pope.
4. To dignify; to ennoble.
An ordinary gift can not sublime a person to a
supernatural employment. --Jer. Taylor.
Sublime \Sub*lime"\, v. i. (Chem.)
To pass off in vapor, with immediate condensation;
specifically, to evaporate or volatilize from the solid state
without apparent melting; -- said of those substances, like
arsenic, benzoic acid, etc., which do not exhibit a liquid
form on heating, except under increased pressure.
Sublimed \Sub*limed"\, a. (Chem.)
Having been subjected to the process of sublimation; hence,
also, purified. ``Sublimed mercurie.'' --Chaucer.
Sublimely \Sub*lime"ly\, adv.
In a sublime manner.
Sublimeness \Sub*lime"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sublime; sublimity.
Sublimification \Sub*lim`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. sublimis sublime
+ -ficare to make. See {-ry}.]
The act of making sublime, or state of being made sublime.
Sublimity \Sub*lim"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Sublimities}. [L. sublimitas:
cf. F. sublimit['e].]
1. The quality or state of being sublime (in any sense of the
adjective).
2. That which is sublime; as, the sublimities of nature.
Syn: Grandeur; magnificence.
Usage: {Sublimity}, {Grandeur}. The mental state indicated by
these two words is the same, namely, a mingled emotion
of astonishment and awe. In speaking of the quality
which produces this emotion, we call it grandeur when
it springs from what is vast in space, power, etc.; we
call it sublimity when it springs from what is
elevated far above the ordinary incidents of humanity.
An immense plain is grand. The heavens are not only
grand, but sublime (as the predominating emotion),
from their immense height. Exalted intellect, and
especially exalted virtue under severe trials, give us
the sense of moral sublimity, as in the case of our
Savior in his prayer for his murderers. We do not
speak of Satan, when standing by the fiery gulf, with
his ``unconquerable will and study of revenge,'' as a
sublime object; but there is a melancholy grandeur
thrown around him, as of an ``archangel ruined.''
Sublineation \Sub*lin`e*a"tion\, n.
A mark of a line or lines under a word in a sentence, or
under another line; underlining.
Sublingua \Sub*lin"gua\, n.; pl. {Sublingu[ae]}. [NL.] (Anat.)
A process or fold below the tongue in some animals.
Sublingual \Sub*lin"gual\, a. [Pref. sub + lingual: cf. F.
sublingual.] (Anat.)
(a) Situated under the tongue; as, the sublingual gland.
(b) Of or pertaining to the sublingual gland; as, sublingual
salvia.
Sublition \Sub*li"tion\, n. [L. sublinere, sublitum, to smear,
to lay on as a ground color.] (Paint.)
The act or process of laying the ground in a painting. [R.]
Sublittoral \Sub*lit"to*ral\, a.
Under the shore. --Smart.
Sublobular \Sub*lob"u*lar\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or at the bases of, the lobules of the liver.
Sublumbar \Sub*lum"bar\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lumbar region
of the vertebral column.
Sublunar \Sub*lu"nar\, Sublunary \Sub"lu*na*ry\, a. [Pref. sub +
lunar, or lunary: cf. F. sublunaire.]
Situated beneath the moon; hence, of or pertaining to this
world; terrestrial; earthly.
All things sublunary are subject to change. --Dryden.
All sublunary comforts imitate the changeableness, as
well as feel the influence, of the planet they are
under. --South.
Sublunary \Sub"lu*na*ry\, n.
Any worldly thing. [Obs.]
Subluxation \Sub`lux*a"tion\, n. [Pref. sub + luxation: cf. F.
subluxation.] (Surg.)
An incomplete or partial dislocation.
Submammary \Sub*mam"ma*ry\, a.
Situated under the mamm[ae]; as, submammary inflammation.
Submarine \Sub`ma*rine"\, a.
Being, acting, or growing, under water in the sea; as,
submarine navigators; submarine plants.
{Submarine armor}, a waterproof dress of strong material,
having a helmet into which air for breathing is pumped
through a tube leading from above the surface to enable a
diver to remain under water.
{Submarine cable}. See {Telegraph cable}, under {Telegraph}.
{Submarine mine}. See {Torpedo}, 2
(a) .
Submarine \Sub*ma*rine"\, n.
A submarine plant or animal.
Submarshal \Sub*mar"shal\, n.
An under or deputy marshal.
Submaxillary \Sub*max"il*la*ry\, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated under the maxilla, or lower jaw; inframaxillary;
as, the submaxillary gland.
(b) Of or pertaining to submaxillary gland; as, submaxillary
salvia.
Submedial \Sub*me"di*al\, a.
Lying under the middle.
Submedian \Sub*me"di*an\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Next to the median (on either side); as, the submedian teeth
of mollusks.
Submediant \Sub*me"di*ant\, n. (Mus.)
The sixth tone of the scale; the under mediant, or third
below the keynote; the superdominant.
Submental \Sub*men"tal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the chin; as, the submental artery.
Submentum \Sub*men"tum\, n.; pl. {Submenta}. [NL. See {Sub-},
and {Mentum}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The basal part of the labium of insects. It bears the mentum.
Submerge \Sub*merge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Submerged}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Submerging}.] [L. submergere, submersum; sub under +
mergere to plunge: cf. F. submerger. See {Merge}.]
1. To put under water; to plunge.
2. To cover or overflow with water; to inundate; to flood; to
drown.
I would thou didst, So half my Egypt were submerged.
--Shak.
Submerge \Sub*merge"\, v. i.
To plunge into water or other fluid; to be buried or covered,
as by a fluid; to be merged; hence, to be completely
included.
Some say swallows submerge in ponds. --Gent. Mag.
Submergence \Sub*mer"gence\, n. [From L. submergens, p. pr.]
The act of submerging, or the state of being submerged;
submersion.
Submerse \Sub*merse"\, a. (Bot.)
Submersed.
Submersed \Sub*mersed"\, a. [L. submersus, p. p. of submergere.
See {Submerge}.]
Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic
plants.
Submersion \Sub*mer"sion\, n. [L. submersio: cf. F. submersion.]
1. The act of submerging, or putting under water or other
fluid, or of causing to be overflowed; the act of plunging
under water, or of drowning.
2. The state of being put under water or other fluid, or of
being overflowed or drowned.
Submetallic \Sub`me*tal"lic\, a.
Imperfectly metallic; as, a submetallic luster.
Subminister \Sub*min"is*ter\, v. t. [L. subministrare,
subministratum. See {Sub-}, and {Ministre}, v. t.]
To supply; to afford. [Obs.] --Sir M. Hale.
Subminister \Sub*min"is*ter\, v. i.
To be subservient; to be useful. [Obs.] ``Our passions . . .
subminister to the best and worst purposes.'' --L'EStrange.
Subministrant \Sub*min"is*trant\, a. [L. subministrans, p. pr.]
Subordinate; subservient. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Subministrate \Sub*min"is*trate\, v. t. [See {Subminister}.]
To supply; to afford; to subminister. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Subministration \Sub*min`is*tra"tion\, n. [L. subministratio.]
The act of subministering. [Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Submiss \Sub*miss"\, a. [L. submissus, p. p. of submittere to
let down, to lower. See {Submit}.]
1. Submissive; humble; obsequious. [Archaic] ``Soft Silence
and submiss Obedience.'' --Spenser. ``Stooping and
submiss.'' --R. L. Stevenson.
2. Gentle; soft; calm; as, submiss voices. [R.]
Submission \Sub*mis"sion\, n. [L. submissio a letting down,
lowering: cf. F. soumission.]
1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to power or
authority; surrender of the person and power to the
control or government of another; obedience; compliance.
Submission, dauphin! 't is a mere French word; We
English warrious wot not what it means. --Shak.
2. The state of being submissive; acknowledgement of
inferiority or dependence; humble or suppliant behavior;
meekness; resignation.
In all submission and humility York doth present
himself unto your highness. --Shak.
No duty in religion is more justly required by God .
. . than a perfect submission to his will in all
things. --Sir W.
Temple.
3. Acknowledgement of a fault; confession of error.
Be not as extreme in submission As in offense.
--Shak.
4. (Law) An agreement by which parties engage to submit any
matter of controversy between them to the decision of
arbitrators. --Wharton (Law Dict.). Bouvier.
Submissive \Sub*mis"sive\, a.
1. Inclined or ready to submit; acknowledging one's
inferiority; yielding; obedient; humble.
Not at his feet submissive in distress, Creature so
fair his reconcilement seeking. --Milton.
2. Showing a readiness to submit; expressing submission; as,
a submissive demeanor.
With a submissive step I hasted down. --Prior.
Syn: Obedient; compliant; yielding; obsequious; subservient;
humble; modest; passive. -- {Sub*mis"sive*ly}, adv. --
{Sub*mis"sive*ness}, n.
Submissly \Sub*miss"ly\, adv.
In a submissive manner; with a submission. [Archaic] --Jer.
Taylor.
Submissness \Sub*miss"ness\, n.
Submissiveness. [Obs.]
Submit \Sub*mit"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Submitted}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Submitting}.] [L. submittere; sub under + mittere to
send: cf. F. soumettre. See {Missile}.]
1. To let down; to lower. [Obs.]
Sometimes the hill submits itself a while. --Dryden.
2. To put or place under.
The bristled throat Of the submitted sacrifice with
ruthless steel he cut. --Chapman.
3. To yield, resign, or surrender to power, will, or
authority; -- often with the reflexive pronoun.
Ye ben submitted through your free assent.
--Chaucer.
The angel of the Lord said unto her, Return to thy
mistress, and submit thyself under her hands. --Gen.
xvi. 9.
Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands.
--Eph. v. 22.
4. To leave or commit to the discretion or judgment of
another or others; to refer; as, to submit a controversy
to arbitrators; to submit a question to the court; --
often followed by a dependent proposition as the object.
Whether the condition of the clergy be able to bear
a heavy burden, is submitted to the house. --Swift.
We submit that a wooden spoon of our day would not
be justified in calling Galileo and Napier
blockheads because they never heard of the
differential calculus. --Macaulay.
Submit \Sub*mit"\, v. i.
1. To yield one's person to the power of another; to give up
resistance; to surrender.
The revolted provinces presently submitted. --C.
Middleton.
2. To yield one's opinion to the opinion of authority of
another; to be subject; to acquiesce.
To thy husband's will Thine shall submit. --Milton.
3. To be submissive or resigned; to yield without murmuring.
Our religion requires from us . . . to submit to
pain, disgrace, and even death. --Rogers.
Submitter \Sub*mit"ter\, n.
One who submits. --Whitlock.
Submonish \Sub*mon"ish\, v. t. [L. submonere. See {Summon}, and
{-ish}.]
To suggest; to prompt. [R.] ``The submonishing inclinations
of my senses.'' --T. Granger.
Submonition \Sub`mo*ni"tion\, n. [LL. submonitio.]
Suggestion; prompting. [R.] --T. Granger.
Submucous \Sub*mu"cous\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under a mucous membrane.
Submultiple \Sub*mul"ti*ple\, n. (Math.)
A number or quality which is contained in another an exact
number of times, or is an aliquot part of it; thus, 7 is the
submultiple of 56, being contained in it eight times.
Submultiple \Sub*mul"ti*ple\, a. (Math.)
Of or pertaining to a submultiple; being a submultiple; as, a
submultiple number; submultiple ratio.
Submuscular \Sub*mus"cu*lar\, a.
Situated underneath a muscle or muscles.
Subnarcotic \Sub`nar*cot"ic\, a. (Med.)
Moderately narcotic.
Subnasal \Sub*na"sal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the nose; as, the subnasal point, or the
middle point of the inferior border of the anterior nasal
aperture.
Subnascent \Sub*nas"cent\, a. [L. subnascens, p. pr. of subnasci
to grow under; sub under + nasci to be born.]
Growing underneath. [R.] --Evelyn.
Subnect \Sub*nect"\, v. t. [L. subnectere, subnextum; sub under
+ nectere to tie.]
To tie or fasten beneath; to join beneath. [R.] --Pope.
Subnex \Sub*nex"\, v. t. [See {Subnect}.]
To subjoin; to subnect. [Obs.] --Holland.
Subnormal \Sub*nor"mal\, n. (Geom.)
That part of the axis of a curved line which is intercepted
between the ordinate and the normal.
Subnotation \Sub`no*ta"tion\, n. [L. subnotatio a signing
underneath, fr. subnotare to subscribe; sub under + notare to
note or mark.]
A rescript. --Bouvier.
Subnotochordal \Sub*no`to*chor"dal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated on the ventral side of the notochord; as, the
subnotochordal rod.
Subnuvolar \Sub*nu"vo*lar\, a. [Pref. sub + It. nuvola cloud:
cf. L. subnubilus somewhat cloudy.]
Under the clouds; attended or partly covered or obscured by
clouds; somewhat cloudy. [R. & Poetic]
Subnuvolar lights of evening sharply slant. --Milnes.
Subobscurely \Sub`ob*scure"ly\, adv.
Somewhat obscurely or darkly. [R.] --Donne.
Subobtuse \Sub`ob*tuse"\, a.
Partially obtuse.
Suboccipital \Sub`oc*cip"i*tal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or posterior to, the occiput; as, the
suboccipital, or first cervical, nerve.
Suboctave \Sub*oc"tave\, Suboctuple \Sub*oc"tu*ple\, a.
Containing one part of eight; having the ratio of one to
eight. --Bp. Wilkins.
Subocular \Sub*oc"u*lar\, a. [Pref. sub + ocular: cf. L.
subocularis.] (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the eye.
Subofficer \Sub*of"fi*cer\, n. [Pref. sub + officer: cf. F.
sous-officer.]
An under or subordinate officer.
Subopercular \Sub`o*per"cu*lar\, a. (Anat.)
Situated below the operculum; pertaining to the suboperculum.
-- n. The suboperculum.
Suboperculum \Sub`o*per"cu*lum\, n. [NL. See {Sub-},
{Operculum}.] (Anat.)
The lower opercular bone in fishes.
Suborbicular \Sub`or*bic"u*lar\, Suborbiculate
\Sub`or*bic"u*late\, a.
Almost orbiculate or orbicular.
Suborbital \Sub*or"bit*al\, Suborbitar \Sub*or"bit*ar\, a.
(Anat.)
Situated under or below the orbit.
Suborder \Sub*or"der\, n. (Nat. Hist.)
A division of an order; a group of genera of a little lower
rank than an order and of greater importance than a tribe or
family; as, cichoraceous plants form a suborder of
Composit[ae].
Subordinacy \Sub*or"di*na*cy\, n. [See {Subordinate}.]
The quality or state of being subordinate, or subject to
control; subordination, as, to bring the imagination to act
in subordinacy to reason. --Spectator.
Subordinance \Sub*or"di*nance\, Subordinancy \Sub*or"di*nan*cy\,
n. [Pref. sub + L. ordinans, p. pr. of ordinare. See
{Subordinate}, a.]
Subordinacy; subordination. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More. Sir W.
Temple.
Subordinary \Sub*or"di*na*ry\, n. (Her.)
One of several heraldic bearings somewhat less common than an
ordinary. See {Ordinary}.
Note: Different writers name different bearings as
subordinaries, but the bar, bend, sinister, pile,
inescutcheon bordure, gyron, and quarter, are always
considered subordinaries by those who do not class them
as ordinaries.
Subordinate \Sub*or"di*nate\, a. [Pref. sub + L. ordinatus, p.
p. of ordinare to set in order, to arrange. See {Ordain}.]
1. Placed in a lower order, class, or rank; holding a lower
or inferior position.
The several kinds and subordinate species of each
are easily distinguished. --Woodward.
2. Inferior in order, nature, dignity, power, importance, or
the like.
It was subordinate, not enslaved, to the
understanding. --South.
Subordinate \Sub*or"di*nate\, n.
One who stands in order or rank below another; --
distinguished from a principal. --Milton.
Subordinate \Sub*or"di*nate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Subordinated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Subordinating}.]
1. To place in a lower order or class; to make or consider as
of less value or importance; as, to subordinate one
creature to another.
2. To make subject; to subject or subdue; as, to subordinate
the passions to reason. -- {Sub*or"di*nate*ly}, adv. --
{Sub*or"di*nate*ness}, n.
Subordination \Sub*or`di*na"tion\, n. [Cf. F. subordination.]
1. The act of subordinating, placing in a lower order, or
subjecting.
2. The quality or state of being subordinate or inferior to
an other; inferiority of rank or dignity; subjection.
Natural creature having a local subordination.
--Holyday.
3. Place of inferior rank.
Persons who in their several subordinations would be
obliged to follow the example of their superiors.
--Swift.
Subordinative \Sub*or"di*na*tive\, a.
Tending to subordinate; expressing subordination; used to
introduce a subordinate sentence; as, a subordinative
conjunction.
Suborn \Sub*orn"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suborned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Suborning}.] [F. suborner, L. subornare; sub under,
secretly + ornare to furnish, provide, equip, adorn. See
{Ornament}.]
1. (Law) To procure or cause to take a false oath amounting
to perjury, such oath being actually taken. --Sir W. O.
Russell.
2. To procure privately, or by collusion; to procure by
indirect means; to incite secretly; to instigate.
Thou art suborned against his honor. --Shak.
Those who by despair suborn their death. --Dryden.
Subornation \Sub`or*na"tion\, n. [F. subornation.]
1. (Law) The act of suborning; the crime of procuring a
person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.
--Blackstone.
2. The sin or offense of procuring one to do a criminal or
bad action, as by bribes or persuasion.
Foul subornation is predominant. --Shak.
The sort of chicanery attending the subornation of
managers in the Leibnitz controversy. --De Quinsey.
Suborner \Sub*orn"er\, n.
One who suborns or procures another to take, a false oath;
one who procures another to do a bad action.
Suboval \Sub*o"val\, a.
Somewhat oval; nearly oval.
Subovate \Sub*o"vate\, a.
Nearly in the form of an egg, or of the section of an egg,
but having the inferior extremity broadest; nearly ovate.
Subovated \Sub*o"va*ted\, a.
Subovate. [R.]
Suboxide \Sub*ox"ide\, n. (Chem.)
An oxide containing a relatively small amount of oxygen, and
less than the normal proportion; as, potassium suboxide,
{K4O}.
Subpeduncular \Sub`pe*dun"cu*lar\, a. (Anat.)
Situated beneath the peduncle; as, the subpeduncular lobe of
the cerebellum.
Subpedunculate \Sub`pe*dun"cu*late\, a. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Supported on, or growing from, a very short stem; having a
short peduncle.
Subpellucid \Sub`pel*lu"cid\, a.
Somewhat pellucid; nearly pellucid.
Subpena \Sub*pe"na\, n. & v. t.
See {Subp[oe]na}.
Subpentangular \Sub`pen*tan"gu*lar\, a.
Nearly or approximately pentangular; almost pentangular.
Subpericardial \Sub*per`i*car"di*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the cardiac pericardium.
Subperiosteal \Sub*per`i*os"te*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the periosteum.
{Subperiosteal operation} (Surg.), a removal of bone effected
without taking away the periosteum.
Subperitoneal \Sub*per`i*to"ne*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the peritoneal membrane.
Subpetiolar \Sub*pet"i*o*lar\, a. (Bot.)
Concealed within the base of the petiole, as the leaf buds of
the plane tree.
Subpleural \Sub*pleu"ral\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the pleural membrane.
Subpodophyllous \Sub*pod`o*phyl"lous\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the podophyllous tissue of the horse's foot.
Subpoena \Sub*p[oe]"na\, n. [NL., fr. L. sub under + poena
punishment. See {Pain}.] (Law)
A writ commanding the attendance in court, as a witness, of
the person on whom it is served, under a penalty; the process
by which a defendant in equity is commanded to appear and
answer the plaintiff's bill. [Written also {subpena}.]
{Subp[oe]na ad testificandum}. [NL.] A writ used to procure
the attendance of a witness for the purpose of testifying.
{Subp[oe]na duces tecum}. [NL.] A writ which requires a
witness to attend and bring certain documents.
Subpoena \Sub*p[oe]"na\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subp[oe]naed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Subp[oe]naing}.] (Law)
To serve with a writ of subp[oe]na; to command attendance in
court by a legal writ, under a penalty in case of
disobedience.
Subpoenal \Sub*p[oe]"nal\, a.
Required or done under penalty. --Gauden.
Subpolar \Sub*po"lar\, a.
Situated below the poles.
Subpolygonal \Sub`po*lyg"o*nal\, a.
Approximately polygonal; somewhat or almost polygonal.
Subprehensile \Sub`pre*hen"sile\, a.
Somewhat prehensile; prehensile in an inferior degree.
Subprior \Sub*pri"or\, n. [Pref. sub + prior: cf. F.
sous-prieur.] (Eccl.)
The vicegerent of a prior; a claustral officer who assists
the prior.
Subpubic \Sub*pu"bic\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or posterior to, the pubic bones.
Subpulmonary \Sub*pul"mo*na*ry\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lungs.
Subpurchaser \Sub*pur"chas*er\, n.
A purchaser who buys from a purchaser; one who buys at second
hand.
Subpyriform \Sub*pyr"i*form\, a.
Somewhat pyriform.
Subquadrate \Sub*quad"rate\, a.
Nearly or approximately square; almost square.
Subquadruple \Sub*quad"ru*ple\, a.
Containing one part of four; in the ratio of one to four; as,
subquadruple proportion. --Bp. Wilkins.
Subquinquefid \Sub*quin"que*fid\, a.
Almost quinquefid; nearly quinquefid.
Subquintuple \Sub*quin"tu*ple\, a.
Having the ratio of one to five; as, subquintuple proportion.
--Bp. Wilkins.
Subreader \Sub*read"er\, n. (Law)
An under reader in the inns of court, who reads the texts of
law the reader is to discourse upon. [Eng.] --Crabb.
Subrector \Sub*rec"tor\, n.
An assistant restor. [Eng.]
Subreligion \Sub`re*li"gion\, n.
A secondary religion; a belief or principle held in a quasi
religious veneration.
Loyalty is in the English a subreligion. --Emerson.
Subreption \Sub*rep"tion\, n. [L. subreptio, fr. subripere,
subreptum, to snatch or take away secretly: cf. F.
subreption. See {Surreptitious}.]
The act of obtaining a favor by surprise, or by unfair
representation through suppression or fraudulent concealment
of facts. --Bp. Hall.
Subreptitious \Sub`rep*ti"tious\, a. [L. subreptitius. See
{Surreptitious}.]
Surreptitious. [Obs.] -- {Sub`rep*ti"tious*ly}, adv. [Obs.]
Subreptive \Sub*rep"tive\, a. [L. subreptivus.]
Surreptitious. [Obs.]
Subrigid \Sub*rig"id\, a.
Somewhat rigid or stiff.
Subriguous \Sub*rig"u*ous\, a. [L. subriguus; sub under + riguus
watered, akin to rigare to water.]
Watered or wet beneath; well-watered. [Obs.] --Blount.
Subrogate \Sub"ro*gate\, v. t. [L. subrogatus, p. p. of
subrogare. See {Surrogate}.]
To put in the place of another; to substitute. --Barrow.
Subrogation \Sub`ro*ga"tion\, n. [Cf. F. subrogation, LL.
subrogatio.]
The act of subrogating. Specifically: (Law) The substitution
of one person in the place of another as a creditor, the new
creditor succeeding to the rights of the former; the mode by
which a third person who pays a creditor succeeds to his
rights against the debtor. --Bouvier. Burrill. Abbott.
Subrotund \Sub`ro*tund"\, a.
Somewhat rotund.
Subsacral \Sub*sa"cral\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the sacrum.
Subsaline \Sub`sa*line"\, a.
Moderately saline or salt.
Subsalt \Sub"salt`\, n. (Chem.)
A basic salt. See the Note under {Salt}.
Subsannation \Sub`san*na"tion\, n. [L. subsannatio, fr.
subsannare to deride by mimicking gestures.]
Derision; mockery. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Subscapular \Sub*scap"u*lar\, Subscapulary \Sub*scap"u*la*ry\,
a. (Anat.)
Situated beneath the scapula; infrascapular; as, the
subscapular muscle.
Subscribable \Sub*scrib"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being subscribed. [R.]
Subscribe \Sub*scribe"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subscribed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Subscribing}.] [L. subscribere, subscriptum;
sub under + scribere to write: cf. F. souscrire. See
{Scribe}.]
1. To write underneath, as one's name; to sign (one's name)
to a document.
[They] subscribed their names under them. --Sir T.
More.
2. To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to, as
something written, or to bind one's self to the terms of,
by writing one's name beneath; as, parties subscribe a
covenant or contract; a man subscribes a bond.
All the bishops subscribed the sentence. --Milman.
3. To attest by writing one's name beneath; as, officers
subscribe their official acts, and secretaries and clerks
subscribe copies or records.
4. To promise to give, by writing one's name with the amount;
as, each man subscribed ten dollars.
5. To sign away; to yield; to surrender. [Obs.] --Shak.
6. To declare over one's signature; to publish. [Obs.]
Either or must shortly hear from him, or I will
subscribe him a coward. --Shak.
Subscribe \Sub*scribe"\, v. i.
1. To sign one's name to a letter or other document. --Shak.
2. To give consent to something written, by signing one's
name; hence, to assent; to agree.
So spake, so wished, much humbled Eve; but Fate
Subscribed not. --Milton.
3. To become surely; -- with for. [R.] --Shak.
4. To yield; to admit one's self to be inferior or in the
wrong. [Obs.]
I will subscribe, and say I wronged the duke.
--Shak.
5. To set one's name to a paper in token of promise to give a
certain sum.
6. To enter one's name for a newspaper, a book, etc.
Subscriber \Sub*scrib"er\, n.
1. One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking
by subscribing.
2. One who enters his name for a paper, book, map, or the
like. --Dryden.
Subscript \Sub"script\, a. [L. subscriptus, p. p. See
{Subscribe}.]
Written below or underneath; as, iota subscript. (See under
{Iota}.) Specifically (Math.), said of marks, figures, or
letters (suffixes), written below and usually to the right of
other letters to distinguish them; as, a, n, 2, in the
symbols X_{a}, A_{n}, Y_{2}. See {Suffix}, n., 2, and
{Subindex}.
Subscript \Sub"script\, n.
Anything written below. --Bentley.
Subscription \Sub*scrip"tion\, n. [L. subscriptio: cf. F.
souscription.]
1. The act of subscribing.
2. That which is subscribed. Specifically:
(a) A paper to which a signature is attached.
(b) The signature attached to a paper.
(c) Consent or attestation by underwriting the name.
(d) Sum subscribed; amount of sums subscribed; as, an
individual subscription to a fund.
3. (Eccl.) The acceptance of articles, or other tests tending
to promote uniformity; esp. (Ch. of Eng.), formal assent
to the Thirty-nine Articles and the Book of Common Prayer,
required before ordination.
4. Submission; obedience. [Obs.]
You owe me no subscription. --Shak.
5. (Pharm.) That part of a prescription which contains the
direction to the apothecary.
Subscriptive \Sub*scrip"tive\, a.
Of or pertaining to a subscription, or signature. ``The
subscriptive part.'' --Richardson. -- {Sub*scrip"tive*ly},
adv.
Subsecute \Sub"se*cute\, v. t. [L. subsecutus, p. p. of
subsequi. See {Subsequent}.]
To follow closely, or so as to overtake; to pursue. [Obs.]
To follow and detain him, if by any possibility he
could be subsecuted and overtaken. --E. Hall.
Subsecutive \Sub*sec"u*tive\, a. [Cf. F. subs['e]cutif.]
Following in a train or succession. [R.]
Subsellium \Sub*sel"li*um\, n.; pl. {Subsellia}. [L.] (Eccl.
Arch.)
One of the stalls of the lower range where there are two
ranges. See Illust. of {Stall}.
Subsemitone \Sub*sem"i*tone\, n. (Mus.)
The sensible or leading note, or sharp seventh, of any key;
subtonic.
Subsensible \Sub*sen"si*ble\, a.
Deeper than the reach of the senses. ``That subsensible
world.'' --Tyndall.
Subseptuple \Sub*sep"tu*ple\, a.
Having the ratio of one to seven. --Bp. Wilkins.
Subsequence \Sub"se*quence\, Subsequency \Sub"se*quen*cy\, n.
The act or state of following; -- opposed to precedence.
Subsequent \Sub"se*quent\, a. [L. subsequens, -entis, p. pr. of
subsequi to follow, succeed: cf. F. subs['e]quent. See {Sue}
to follow.]
1. Following in time; coming or being after something else at
any time, indefinitely; as, subsequent events; subsequent
ages or years; a period long subsequent to the foundation
of Rome.
2. Following in order of place; succeeding; as, a subsequent
clause in a treaty. ``The subsequent words come on before
the precedent vanish.'' --Bacon.
Subsequently \Sub"se*quent*ly\, adv.
At a later time; afterwards.
Subserous \Sub*se"rous\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under a serous membrane.
Subserve \Sub*serve"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subserved}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subserving}.] [L. subservire; sub under + servire to
serve. See {Serve}.]
To serve in subordination or instrumentally; to be
subservient to; to help forward; to promote.
It is a great credit to know the ways of captivating
Nature, and making her subserve our purposes, than to
have learned all the intrigues of policy. --Glanvill.
Subserve \Sub*serve"\, v. i.
To be subservient or subordinate; to serve in an inferior
capacity.
Not made to rule, But to subserve where wisdom bears
command. --Milton.
Subservience \Sub*serv"i*ence\, Subserviency \Sub*serv"i*en*cy\,
n.
The quality or state of being subservient; instrumental
fitness or use; hence, willingness to serve another's
purposes; in a derogatory sense, servility.
The body wherein appears much fitness, use, and
subserviency to infinite functions. --Bentley.
There is a regular subordination and subserviency among
all the parts to beneficial ends. --Cheyne.
Subservient \Sub*serv"i*ent\, a. [L. subserviens, -entis, p. pr.
See {Subserve}.]
Fitted or disposed to subserve; useful in an inferior
capacity; serving to promote some end; subordinate; hence,
servile, truckling.
Scarce ever reading anything which he did not make
subservient in one kind or other. --Bp. Fell.
These ranks of creatures are subservient one to
another. --Ray.
Their temporal ambition was wholly subservient to their
proselytizing spirit. --Burke.
Subserviently \Sub*serv"i*ent*ly\, adv.
In a subservient manner.
Subsesqui- \Sub*ses"qui-\ [Pref. sub- + sesqui-.] (Chem.)
A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting the combination of
constituents (especially electro-negative and
electro-positive bodies) in the proportion of two to three;
as, a subsesqui acetate, i. e., a salt having two equivalents
of acetic acid to three of the base.
Subsextuple \Sub*sex"tu*ple\, a.
Having the ratio of one to six; as, a subsextuple proportion.
--Bp. Wilkins.
Subside \Sub*side"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Subsided}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subsiding}.] [L. subsidere; sub under, below + sidere
to sit down, to settle; akin to sedere to sit, E. sit. See
{Sit}.]
1. To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees.
2. To tend downward; to become lower; to descend; to sink.
``Heaven's subsiding hill.'' --Dryden.
3. To fall into a state of quiet; to cease to rage; to be
calmed; to settle down; to become tranquil; to abate; as,
the sea subsides; the tumults of war will subside; the
fever has subsided. ``In cases of danger, pride and envy
naturally subside.'' --C. Middleton.
Syn: See {Abate}.
Subsidence \Sub*sid"ence\, Subsidency \Sub*sid"en*cy\, n. [L.
subsidens, -entis, p. pr. of subsidere. See {Subside}.]
The act or process of subsiding.
The subdual or subsidence of the more violent passions.
--Bp.
Warburton.
Subsidiarily \Sub*sid"i*a*ri*ly\, adv.
In a subsidiary manner; so as to assist.
Subsidiary \Sub*sid"i*a*ry\, a. [L. subsidiarius: cf. F.
subsidiaire. See {Subsidy}.]
1. Furnishing aid; assisting; auxiliary; helping; tributary;
especially, aiding in an inferior position or capacity;
as, a subsidiary stream.
Chief ruler and principal head everywhere, not
suffragant and subsidiary. --Florio.
They constituted a useful subsidiary testimony of
another state of existence. --Coleridge.
2. Of or pertaining to a subsidy; constituting a subsidy;
being a part of, or of the nature of, a subsidy; as,
subsidiary payments to an ally.
George the Second relied on his subsidiary treaties.
--Ld. Mahon.
Subsidiary \Sub*sid"i*a*ry\, n.; pl. {Subsidiaries}.
One who, or that which, contributes aid or additional
supplies; an assistant; an auxiliary. --Hammond.
Subsidize \Sub"si*dize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subsidized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Subsidizing}.] [From {Subsidy}.]
To furnish with a subsidy; to purchase the assistance of by
the payment of a subsidy; to aid or promote, as a private
enterprise, with public money; as, to subsidize a steamship
line.
He employed the remittances from Spain to subsidize a
large body of German mercenaries. --Prescott.
Subsidy \Sub"si*dy\, n.; pl. {Subsidies}. [L. subsidium the
troops stationed in reserve in the third line of battlem
reserve, support, help, fr. subsidere to sit down, lie in
wait: cf. F. subside. See {Subside}.]
1. Support; aid; co["o]peration; esp., extraordinary aid in
money rendered to the sovereign or to a friendly power.
They advised the king to send speedy aids, and with
much alacrity granted a great rate of subsidy.
--Bacon.
Note: Subsidies were taxes, not immediately on on property,
but on persons in respect of their reputed estates,
after the nominal rate of 4s. the pound for lands, and
2s. 8d. for goods. --Blackstone.
2. Specifically: A sum of money paid by one sovereign or
nation to another to purchase the co["o]peration or the
neutrality of such sovereign or nation in war.
3. A grant from the government, from a municipal corporation,
or the like, to a private person or company to assist the
establishment or support of an enterprise deemed
advantageous to the public; a subvention; as, a subsidy to
the owners of a line of ocean steamships.
Syn: Tribute; grant.
Usage: {Subsidy}, {Tribute}. A subsidy is voluntary; a
tribute is exacted.
Subsign \Sub*sign"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subsigned}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subsigning}.] [L. subsignare; sub under + signare to
mark: cf. F. soussigner. See {Sign}.]
To sign beneath; to subscribe. [R.] --Camden.
Subsinnation \Sub`sin*na"tion\, n. [L. subsignatio.]
The act of writing the name under something, as for
attestation. [R.] --Shelton.
Subsilicate \Sub*sil"i*cate\, n.
A basic silicate.
Subsist \Sub*sist"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Subsisted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subsisting}.] [L. subsistere to stand still, stay,
remain alive; sub under + sistere to stand, to cause to
stand, from stare to stand: cf. F. subsister. See {Stand}.]
1. To be; to have existence; to inhere.
And makes what happiness we justly call, Subsist not
in the good of one, but all. --Pope.
2. To continue; to retain a certain state.
Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve. --Milton.
3. To be maintained with food and clothing; to be supported;
to live. --Milton.
To subsist on other men's charity. --Atterbury.
Subsist \Sub*sist"\, v. t.
To support with provisions; to feed; to maintain; as, to
subsist one's family.
He laid waste the adjacent country in order to render
it more difficult for the enemy to subsist their army.
--Robertson.
Subsistence \Sub*sist"ence\, n. [Cf. F. subsistance, L.
subsistentia.]
1. Real being; existence.
Not only the things had subsistence, but the very
images were of some creatures existing.
--Stillingfleet.
2. Inherency; as, the subsistence of qualities in bodies.
3. That which furnishes support to animal life; means of
support; provisions, or that which produces provisions;
livelihood; as, a meager subsistence.
His viceroy could only propose to himself a
comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his
province. --Addison.
4. (Theol.) Same as {Hypostasis}, 2. --Hooker.
Subsistency \Sub*sist"en*cy\, n.
Subsistence. [R.]
Subsistent \Sub*sist"ent\, a. [L. subsistens, p. pr. See
{Subsist}.]
1. Having real being; as, a subsistent spirit.
2. Inherent; as, qualities subsistent in matter.
Subsizar \Sub*si"zar\, n.
An under sizar; a student of lower rank than a sizar.
[Cambridge Univ. Eng.]
Bid my subsizar carry my hackney to the buttery and
give him his bever. --J. Fletcher.
Subsoil \Sub"soil`\, n.
The bed, or stratum, of earth which lies immediately beneath
the surface soil.
{Subsoil plow}, a plow having a share and standard but no
moldboard. It follows in the furrow made by an ordinary
plow, and loosens the soil to an additional depth without
bringing it to the surface. --Knight.
Subsoil \Sub"soil`\, v. t.
To turn up the subsoil of.
Subsolary \Sub*so"la*ry\, a.
Being under the sun; hence, terrestrial; earthly; mundane.
[R.]
Subspecies \Sub*spe"cies\, n.
A group somewhat lessdistinct than speciesusually are, but
based on characters more important than those which
characterize ordinary varieties; often, a geographical
variety or race.
Subsphenoidal \Sub`sphe*noid"al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the body of the
sphenoid bone.
Subspherical \Sub*spher"ic*al\, a.
Nearly spherical; having a figure resembling that of a
sphere.
Subspinous \Sub*spi"nous\, a.
(a) (Anat.) Subvertebral.
(b) (Med.) Situated beneath a spinous process, as that of the
scapula; as, subspinous dislocation of the humerus.
Substance \Sub"stance\, n. [F., fr. L. substantia, fr. substare
to be under or present, to stand firm; sub under + stare to
stand. See {Stand}.]
1. That which underlies all outward manifestations;
substratum; the permanent subject or cause of phenomena,
whether material or spiritual; that in which properties
inhere; that which is real, in distinction from that which
is apparent; the abiding part of any existence, in
distinction from any accident; that which constitutes
anything what it is; real or existing essence.
These cooks, how they stamp, and strain, and grind,
And turn substance into accident! --Chaucer.
Heroic virtue did his actions guide, And he the
substance, not the appearance, chose. --Dryden.
2. The most important element in any existence; the
characteristic and essential components of anything; the
main part; essential import; purport.
This edition is the same in substance with the
Latin. --Bp. Burnet.
It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance
it is not only insulting, but alarming. --Burke.
3. Body; matter; material of which a thing is made; hence,
substantiality; solidity; firmness; as, the substance of
which a garment is made; some textile fabrics have little
substance.
4. Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
And there wasted his substance with riotous living.
--Luke xv. 13.
Thy substance, valued at the highest rate, Can not
amount unto a hundred marks. --Shak.
We are destroying many thousand lives, and
exhausting our substance, but not for our own
interest. --Swift.
5. (Theol.) Same as {Hypostasis}, 2.
Substance \Sub"stance\, v. t.
To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to
make rich. [Obs.]
Substanceless \Sub"stance*less\, a.
Having no substance; unsubstantial. [R.] --Coleridge.
Substant \Sub"stant\, a. [L. substans, -antis, p. pr. of
substare to be firm.]
Substantial; firm. [R.] ``[The glacier's] substant ice.''
--The Century.
Substantial \Sub*stan"tial\, a. [F. substantiel, L.
substantialis.]
1. Belonging to substance; actually existing; real; as,
substantial life. --Milton.
If this atheist would have his chance to be real and
substantial agent, he is more stupid than the
vulgar. --Bentley.
2. Not seeming or imaginary; not illusive; real; solid; true;
veritable.
If happinessbe a substantial good. --Denham.
The substantial ornaments of virtue. --L'Estrange.
3. Corporeal; material; firm. ``Most ponderous and
substantial things.'' --Shak.
The rainbow [appears to be] a large substantial
arch. --I. Watts.
4. Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm; as,
substantial cloth; a substantial fence or wall.
5. Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately wealthy;
responsible; as, a substantial freeholder. ``Substantial
yeomen and burghers.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Substantiality \Sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being substantial; corporiety;
materiality.
The soul is a stranger to such gross substantiality.
--Glanvill.
Substantialize \Sub*stan"tial*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Substantialized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Substantializing}.]
To make substantial.
Substantially \Sub*stan"tial*ly\, adv.
In a substantial manner; in substance; essentially.
In him all his Father shone, Substantially expressed.
--Milton.
The laws of this religion would make men, if they would
truly observe them, substantially religious toward God,
chastle, and temperate. --Tillotson.
Substantialness \Sub*stan"tial*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being substantial; as, the
substantialness of a wall or column.
Substantials \Sub*stan"tials\, n. pl.
Essential parts. --Ayliffe.
Substantiate \Sub*stan"ti*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Substantiated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Substantiating}.]
1. To make to exist; to make real. --Ayliffe.
2. To establish the existence or truth of by proof or
competent evidence; to verify; as, to substantiate a
charge or allegation; to substantiate a declaration.
Observation is, in turn, wanted to direct and
substantiate the course of experiment. --Coleridge.
Substantiation \Sub*stan`ti*a"tion\, n.
The act of substantiating or proving; evidence; proof.
Substantival \Sub`stan*ti"val\, a.
Of or pertaining to a substantive; of the nature of
substantive. -- {Sub`stan*ti"val*ly}, adv.
Substantive \Sub"stan*tive\, a. [L. substantivus: cf. F.
substantif.]
1. Betokening or expressing existence; as, the substantive
verb, that is, the verb to be.
2. Depending on itself; independent.
He considered how sufficient and substantive this
land was to maintain itself without any aid of the
foreigner. --Bacon.
3. Enduring; solid; firm; substantial.
Strength and magnitude are qualities which impress
the imagination in a powerful and substantive
manner. --Hazlitt.
4. Pertaining to, or constituting, the essential part or
principles; as, the law substantive.
{Noun substantive} (Gram.), a noun which designates an
object, material or immaterial; a substantive.
{Substantive color}, one which communicates its color without
the aid of a mordant or base; -- opposed to adjective
color.
Substantive \Sub"stan*tive\, n. [Cf. F. substantif.] (Gram.)
A noun or name; the part of speech which designates something
that exists, or some object of thought, either material or
immaterial; as, the words man, horse, city, goodness,
excellence, are substantives.
Substantive \Sub"stan*tive\, v. t.
To substantivize. [R.] --Cudworth.
Substantively \Sub"stan*tive*ly\, adv.
1. In a substantive manner; in substance; essentially.
2. (Gram.) As a substantive, name, or noun; as, an adjective
may be used substantively.
Substantiveness \Sub"stan*tive*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being substantive.
Substantivize \Sub"stan*tiv*ize\, v. t.
To convert into a substantive; as, to substantivize an
adjective. --Fitzed. Hall.
Substile \Sub"stile`\, n. (Dialing)
See {Substyle}.
Substituent \Sub*stit"u*ent\, n. [L. substituens, p. pr. See
{Substitute}.] (Chem.)
Any atom, group, or radical substituted for another, or
entering a molecule in place of some other part which is
removed.
Substitute \Sub"stit"ute\, n. [L. substitutus, p. p. of
substituere to put under, put in the place of; sub under +
statuere to put, place: cf. F. substitut. See {Statute}.]
One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of
another; one who acts for another; that which stands in lieu
of something else; specifically (Mil.), a person who enlists
for military service in the place of a conscript or drafted
man.
Hast thou not made me here thy substitute? --Milton.
Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] . . . wore masks as the sole
substitute known to our ancestors for the modern parasol.
--De Quincey.
Substitute \Sub"stit"ute\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Substituted}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Substituting}.] [See {Substitute}, n.]
To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange.
Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room
of others. --Congreve.
Substituted \Sub"stit"uted\, a.
1. Exchanged; put in the place of another.
2. (Chem.) Containing substitutions or replacements; having
been subjected to the process of substitution, or having
some of its parts replaced; as, alcohol is a substituted
water; methyl amine is a substituted ammonia.
{Substituted executor} (Law), an executor appointed to act in
place of one removed or resigned.
Substitution \Sub`sti*tu"tion\, n. [L. substitutio: cf. F.
substitution.]
1. The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in
the place of another; as, the substitution of an agent,
attorney, or representative to act for one in his absense;
the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver as a
circulating medium.
2. The state of being substituted for another.
3. The office or authority of one acting for another;
delegated authority. [R.] --Shak.
4. (Civil Law) The designation of a person in a will to take
a devise or legacy, either on failure of a former devisee
or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to accept, or
after him. --Burrill.
5. (Theol.) The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously,
being substituted for the sinner, and that his sufferings
were expiatory.
6. (Chem.)The act or process of substituting an atom or
radical for another atom or radical; metethesis; also, the
state of being so substituted. See {Metathesis}.
Substitutional \Sub`sti*tu"tion*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to substitution; standing in the place of
another; substituted. -- {Sub`sti*tu"tion*al*ly}, adv.
Substitutionary \Sub`sti*tu"tion*a*ry\, a.
Of or pertaining to substitution; substitutional.
Substitutive \Sub"sti*tu`tive\, a. [Cf. F. substitutif, L.
substitutivus conditional.]
Tending to afford or furnish a substitute; making
substitution; capable of being substituted. --Bp. Wilkins.
Substract \Sub*stract"\, v. t. [F. suostraire; L. subtus below
(from sub under) + trahere to draw. See {Substract}.]
To subtract; to withdraw. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Substraction \Sub*strac"tion\, n. [OF. substraction, F.
soustraction. See {Subtract}.]
1. Subtraction; deduction. [Obs.]
2. (Law) See {Subtraction}, 3.
Substractor \Sub*stract"or\, n.
1. One who subtracts.
2. A detractor; a slanderer. [Obs.] --Shak.
Substrate \Sub"strate\, n.
A substratum. [R.]
Substrate \Sub"strate\, a.
Having very slight furrows. [R.]
Substrate \Sub*strate"\, v. t. [L. substratus, p. p. of
substrahere. See {Substratum}.]
To strew or lay under anything. [Obs.]
The melted glass being supported by the substrated
sand. --Boyle.
Substratum \Sub*stra"tum\, n.; pl. {Substrata}. [L. substratus,
p. p. of substernere to strew under; sub under + sternere to
strew. See {Stratum}.]
1. That which is laid or spread under; that which underlies
something, as a layer of earth lying under another;
specifically (Agric.), the subsoil.
2. (Metaph.) The permanent subject of qualities or cause of
phenomena; substance.
Substruct \Sub*struct"\, v. t. [See {Substruction}.]
To build beneath something; to lay as the foundation. [R.]
He substructs the religion of Asia as the base.
--Emerson.
Substruction \Sub*struc"tion\, n. [L. substructio, fr.
substruere, substructum, to build beneath; sub under +
struere to build.] (Arch.)
Underbuilding; the foundation, or any preliminary structure
intended to raise the lower floor or basement of a building
above the natural level of the ground.
It is a magnificent strong building, with a
substruction very remarkable. --Evelyn.
Substructure \Sub*struc"ture\, n. [Pref. sub- + structure.]
1. (Arch.) Same as {Substruction}.
2. An under structure; a foundation; groundwork.
Substylar \Sub*sty"lar\, a.
Pertaining to the substyle.
Substyle \Sub"style`\, n. (Dialing)
A right line on which the style, or gnomon, of a dial is
erected; being the common section of the face of the dial and
a plane perpendicular to it passing through the style.
[Written also {substile}.] --Hutton.
Subsulphate \Sub*sul"phate\, n. (Chem.)
A sulphate with an excess of the base.
Subsulphide \Sub*sul"phide\, n. (Chem.)
A nonacid compound consisting of one equivalent of sulphur
and more than one equivalent of some other body, as a metal.
Subsultive \Sub*sul"tive\, a.
Subsultory. [R.] --Berkley.
Subsultory \Sub*sul"to*ry\, a. [L. subsilire, subsultum, to
spring up; sub under + salire to leap.]
Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts. [R.] --
{Sub*sul"to*ri*ly}, adv. [R.]
Flippancy opposed to solemnity, the subsultory to the
continuous, -- these are the two frequent extremities
to which the French manner betrays men. --De Quincey.
Subsultus \Sub*sul"tus\, n. [NL. See {Subsultory}.] (Med.)
A starting, twitching, or convulsive motion.
Subsumable \Sub*sum"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being subsumed. --J. B. Stallo.
Subsume \Sub*sume"\, v. t. [Pref. sub- + L. sumere to take.]
To take up into or under, as individual under species,
species under genus, or particular under universal; to place
(any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to
include under something else.
To subsume one proposition under another. --De Quincey.
A principle under which one might subsume men's most
strenuous efforts after righteousness. --W. Pater.
Subsumption \Sub*sump"tion\, n.
1. The act of subsuming, or of including under another.
The first act of consciousness was a subsumption of
that of which we were conscious under this notion.
--Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. That which is subsumed, as the minor clause or premise of
a syllogism.
But whether you see cause to go against the rule, or
the subsumption under the rule. --De Quincey.
Subsumptive \Sub*sump"tive\, a.
Relating to, or containing, a subsumption. --Coleridge.
Subtangent \Sub*tan"gent\, n. (Geom.)
The part of the axis contained between the ordinate and
tangent drawn to the same point in a curve.
Subtartarean \Sub`tar*ta"re*an\, a.
Being or living under Tartarus; infernal. ``Subtartarean
powers.'' --Pope.
Subtectacle \Sub*tec"ta*cle\, n. [Pref. sub- + L. tectum a
roof.]
A space under a roof; a tabernacle; a dwelling. [Obs.]
--Davies (Holy Roode).
Subtegulaneous \Sub*teg`u*la"ne*ous\, a. [L. subtegulaneus; sub
under + tegulare tiles for a roof.]
Under the roof or eaves; within doors. [R.]
Subtenant \Sub*ten"ant\, n. (Law)
One who rents a tenement, or land, etc., of one who is also a
tenant; an undertenant.
Subtend \Sub*tend"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subtended}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subtending}.] [L. subtendere; sub under + tendere to
stretch, extend. See {Tend}.]
To extend under, or be opposed to; as, the line of a triangle
which subtends the right angle; the chord subtends an arc.
Subtense \Sub*tense"\, n. [L. subtendere, subtentum. See
{Subtend}, {Tense}, a.] (Geom.)
A line subtending, or stretching across; a chord; as, the
subtense of an arc.
Subtepid \Sub*tep"id\, a.
Slightly tepid.
Subterete \Sub`te*rete"\, a.
Somewhat terete.
Subterfluent \Sub*ter"flu*ent\, Subterfluous \Sub*ter"flu*ous\,
a. [L. subterfluens, p. pr. of subterfluere to flow beneath;
subter under + fluere to flow.]
Running under or beneath. [R.]
Subterfuge \Sub"ter*fuge\, n. [F., from LL. subterfugium, fr. L.
subterfugere to flee secretly, to escape; subter under +
fugere to flee. See {Fugitive}.]
That to which one resorts for escape or concealment; an
artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an
argument, or to justify opinions or conduct; a shift; an
evasion.
Affect not little shifts and subterfuges, to avoid the
force of an argument. --I. Watts.
By a miserable subterfuge, they hope to render this
position safe by rendering it nugatory. --Burke.
Subterrane \Sub"ter*rane\, n. [Cf. L. subterraneum, F.
souterrain. See {Subterranean}.]
A cave or room under ground. [R.] --J. Bryant.
Subterraneal \Sub`ter*ra"ne*al\, a.
Subterranean. [Obs.]
Subterranean \Sub`ter*ra"ne*an\, Subterraneous
\Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous\, a. [L. subterraneus; sub under + terra
earth. See {Terrace}.]
Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated
within the earth, or under ground; as, subterranean springs;
a subterraneous passage. -- {Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous*ly}, adv.
Subterranity \Sub`ter*ran"i*ty\, n.
A place under ground; a subterrany. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Subterrany \Sub"ter*ra*ny\, a.
Subterranean. [Obs.] --Bacon. -- n. A subterranean place.
[Obs.]
Subterrene \Sub`ter*rene"\, a. [L. subterrenus, equiv. to
subterraneus.]
Subterraneous. [Obs.]
Subterrestrial \Sub`ter*res"tri*al\, a.
Subterranean.
Subthalamic \Sub`tha*lam"ic\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the optic thalamus.
Subtile \Sub"tile\, a. [L. subtilis. See {Subtile}.]
1. Thin; not dense or gross; rare; as, subtile air; subtile
vapor; a subtile medium.
2. Delicately constituted or constructed; nice; fine;
delicate; tenuous; finely woven. ``A sotil [subtile]
twine's thread.'' --Chaucer.
More subtile web Arachne can not spin. --Spenser.
I do distinguish plain Each subtile line of her
immortal face. --Sir J.
Davies.
3. Acute; piercing; searching.
The slow disease and subtile pain. --Prior.
5. Characterized by nicety of discrimination; discerning;
delicate; refined; subtle. [In this sense now commonly
written {subtle}.]
The genius of the Spanish people is exquisitely
subtile, without being at all acute; hence there is
so much humor and so little wit in their literature.
The genius of the Italians, on the contrary, is
acute, profound, and sensual, but not subtile; hence
what they think to be humorous, is merely witty.
--Coleridge.
The subtile influence of an intellect like
Emerson's. --Hawthorne.
5. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; subtle; as, a subtile
person; a subtile adversary; a subtile scheme. [In this
sense now commonly written {subtle}.]
Syn: {Subtile}, {Acute}.
Usage: In acute the image is that of a needle's point; in
subtile that of a thread spun out to fineness. The
acute intellect pierces to its aim; the subtile (or
subtle) intellect winds its way through obstacles. --
{Sub"tile*ly}, adv. -- {Sub"tile*ness}, n.
Subtiliate \Sub*til"i*ate\, v. t. [LL. subtiliare.]
To make thin or rare. [Obs.] --Harvey. -- {Sub`til*i*a"tion},
n. [Obs.] Boyle.
Subtilism \Sub"til*ism\, n.
The quality or state of being subtile; subtility; subtlety.
The high orthodox subtilism of Duns Scotus. --Milman.
Subtility \Sub*til"i*ty\, n. [L. subtilitas: cf. F.
subtilit['e]. See {Subtle}.]
Subtilty. [R.]
Subtilization \Sub`til*i*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. subtilization.]
1. The act of making subtile.
2. (Old Chem.) The operation of making so volatile as to rise
in steam or vapor.
3. Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.
Subtilize \Sub"til*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subtilized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Subtilizing}.] [L. subtiliser.]
1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.
2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize
arguments.
Nor as yet have we subtilized ourselves into
savages. --Burke.
Subtilize \Sub"til*ize\, v. i.
To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions.
--Milner.
Subtilizer \Sub"til*i`zer\, n.
One who subtilizes.
Subtilty \Sub"til*ty\, n. [Contr. fr. subtility.]
1. The quality or state of being subtile; thinness; fineness;
as, the subtility of air or light.
2. Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety.
Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much
subtility in nice divisions. --Locke.
3. Cunning; skill; craft. [Obs.]
To learn a lewd man this subtility. --Chaucer.
4. Slyness in design; artifice; guile; a cunning design or
artifice; a trick; subtlety.
O full of all subtility and all mischief. --Acts
xiii. 10.
Note: In senses 2, 3, and 4 the word is more commonly written
subtlety.
Subtle \Sub"tle\, a. [Compar. {Subtler}; superl. {Subtlest}.]
[OE. sotil, subtil, OF. soutil, later subtil, F. subtil, L.
subtilis; probably, originally, woven fine, and fr. sub under
+ tela a web, fr. texere to weave. See {Text}, and cf.
{Subtile}.]
1. Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; subtile; --
applied to persons; as, a subtle foe. ``A subtle
traitor.'' --Shak.
2. Cunningly devised; crafty; treacherous; as, a subtle
stratagem.
3. Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing
distinctions; nicely discriminating; -- said of persons;
as, a subtle logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous;
insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; -- said of
the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as, a subtle
intellect; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of
thought; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive.
Things remote from use, obscure and subtle.
--Milton.
4. Smooth and deceptive. [Obs.]
Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground [bowling
ground]. --Shak.
Syn: Artful; crafty; cunning; shrewd; sly; wily.
Usage: Subtle is the most comprehensive of these epithets and
implies the finest intellectual quality. See {Shrewd},
and {Cunning}.
Subtleness \Sub"tle*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being subtle; subtlety.
Subtlety \Sub"tle*ty\, n.; pl. {Subtleties}. [OE. sotelte,
sutilte, OF. sotillete, L. subtilitas. See {Subtle}, and cf.
{Subtility}.]
1. The quality or state of being subtle, or sly; cunning;
craftiness; artfulness.
The fox which lives by subtlety. --Shak.
2. Nice discernment with delicacy of mental action; nicety of
discrimination.
3. Something that is sly, crafty, or delusive.
Unlearned in the world's false subtleties. --Shak.
Subtly \Sub"tly\, adv.
In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly.
Thou seest how subtly to detain thee I devise.
--Milton.
2. Nicely; delicately.
In the nice bee what sense so subtly true. --Pope.
Subtly communicating itself to my sensibilities, but
evading the analysis of my mind. --Hawthorne.
3. Deceitfully; delusively. [Obs.] --Shak.
Subtonic \Sub*ton"ic\, a. (Phonetics)
Applied to, or distinguishing, a speech element consisting of
tone, or proper vocal sound, not pure as in the vowels, but
dimmed and otherwise modified by some kind of obstruction in
the oral or the nasal passage, and in some cases with a
mixture of breath sound; -- a term introduced by Dr. James
Rush in 1833. See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect]155,
199-202.
Subtonic \Sub*ton"ic\, n.
1. (Phonetics) A subtonic sound or element; a vocal
consonant, as b, d, g, n, etc.; a subvocal.
2. (Mus.) The seventh tone of the scale, or that immediately
below the tonic; -- called also {subsemitone}.
Subtorrid \Sub*tor"rid\, a.
Nearly torrid.
Subtract \Sub*tract"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subtracted}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Subtracting}.] [L. subtractus, p. p. of subtrahere
to draw from beneath, withdraw, remove; sub under + trahere
to draw. See {Trace}, v. t., and cf. {Substract}.]
To withdraw, or take away, as a part from the whole; to
deduct; as, subtract 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4.
Subtracter \Sub*tract"er\, n.
1. One who subtracts.
2. The subtrahend. [Obs.]
Subtraction \Sub*trac"tion\, n. [L. subtractio a drawing back.
See {Subtract}, and cf. {Substraction}.]
1. The act or operation of subtracting or taking away a part.
2. (Math.) The taking of a lesser number or quantity from a
greater of the same kind or denomination; an operation for
finding the difference between two numbers or quantities.
3. (Law) The withdrawing or withholding from a person of some
right to which he is entitled by law.
Note: Thus the subtraction of conjugal rights is when either
the husband or wife withdraws from the other and lives
separate without sufficient reason. The subtraction of
a legacy is the withholding or detailing of it from the
legatee by the executor. In like manner, the
withholding of any service, rent, duty, or custom, is a
subtraction, for which the law gives a remedy.
--Blackstone.
Subtractive \Sub*trac"tive\, a.
1. Tending, or having power, to subtract.
2. (Math.) Having the negative sign, or sign minus.
Subtrahend \Sub"tra*hend`\, n. [L. subtrahendus that is to be
subtracted, p.fut.pess. of subtrahere. See {Subtract}.]
(Math.)
The sum or number to be subtracted, or taken from another.
Subtranslucent \Sub`trans*lu"cent\, a.
Not perfectly translucent.
Subtransparent \Sub`trans*pa"rent\, a.
Not perfectly transparent.
Subtreasurer \Sub*treas"ur*er\, n.
The public officer who has charge of a subtreasury. [U. S.]
Subtreasury \Sub*treas"ur*y\, n.; pl. {Subtreasuries}.
A subordinate treasury, or place of deposit; as, the United
States subtreasury at New York. [U. S.]
Subtriangular \Sub`tri*an"gu*lar\, a.
Nearly, but not perfectly, triangular. --Darwin.
Subtribe \Sub"tribe`\, n. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
A division of a tribe; a group of genera of a little lower
rank than a tribe.
Subtrihedral \Sub`tri*he"dral\, a.
Approaching the form of a three-sided pyramid; as, the
subtrihedral crown of a tooth. --Owen.
Subtriple \Sub*tri"ple\, a. (Math.)
Containing a third, or one part to three. --Bp. Wilkins.
Subtriplicate \Sub*trip"li*cate\, a. (Math.)
Expressed by the cube root; -- said especially of ratios.
{Subtriplicate ratio}, the ratio of the cube root; thus, the
subtriplicate ratio of a to b is [cuberoot]a to
[cuberoot]b, or [cuberoot]a/b.
Subtropical \Sub*trop"ic*al\, a.
Nearly tropical.
Subtrude \Sub*trude"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subtruded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subtruding}.] [Pref. sub- + L. trudere to thrust.]
To place under; to insert. [R.]
Subturriculate \Sub`tur*ric"u*late\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Somewhat turriculate.
Subtutor \Sub*tu"tor\, n.
An under tutor.
Subtypical \Sub*typ"ic*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Deviating somewhat from the type of a species, genus, or
other group; slightly aberrant.
Subulate \Su"bu*late\, Subulated \Su"bu*la`ted\, a. [NL.
subulatus, fr. L. subula an awl.]
Very narrow, and tapering gradually to a fine point from a
broadish base; awl-shaped; linear.
Subulicornes \Su`bu*li*cor"nes\, n. pl. [NL., from L. subula an
awl + cornu horn.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of insects having slender or subulate antenn[ae].
The dragon flies and May flies are examples.
Subuliform \Su"bu*li*form\, a.
Subulate.
Subulipalp \Su"bu*li*palp`\, n. [L. subula an awl + E. palp.]
(Zo["o]l.)
One of a group of carabid beetles having slender palpi.
Subumbonal \Sub`um*bo"nal\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Beneath or forward of the umbos of a bivalve shell.
Subumbrella \Sub`um*brel"la\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The integument of the under surface of the bell, or
disk-shaped body, of a jellyfish.
Subundation \Sub`un*da"tion\, n. [Pref. sub- + L. unda a wave.]
A flood; a deluge. [Obs.] --Huloet.
Subungual \Sub*un"gual\, a.
Under the nail or hoof.
Suburb \Sub"urb\, n. [L. suburbium; sub under, below, near +
urbs a city. See {Urban}.]
1. An outlying part of a city or town; a smaller place
immediately adjacent to a city; in the plural, the region
which is on the confines of any city or large town; as, a
house stands in the suburbs; a garden situated in the
suburbs of Paris. ``In the suburbs of a town.'' --Chaucer.
[London] could hardly have contained less than
thirty or forty thousand souls within its walls; and
the suburbs were very populous. --Hallam.
2. Hence, the confines; the outer part; the environment.
``The suburbs . . . of sorrow.'' --Jer. Taylor.
The suburb of their straw-built citadel. --Milton.
{Suburb roister}, a rowdy; a loafer. [Obs.] --Milton.
Suburban \Sub*ur"ban\, a. [L. suburbanus.]
Of or pertaining to suburbs; inhabiting, or being in, the
suburbs of a city. ``Suburban taverns.'' --Longfellow.
Suburban villas, highway-side retreats, . . . Delight
the citizen. --Cowper.
Suburban \Sub*ur"ban\, n.
One who dwells in the suburbs.
Suburbed \Sub"urbed\, a.
Having a suburb or suburbs on its outer part.
Suburbial \Sub*ur"bi*al\, Suburbian \Sub*ur"bi*an\, a.
Suburban. [Obs.] ``Suburbial fields.'' --Warton. ``Suburbian
muse.'' --Dryden.
Suburbicarian \Sub*ur`bi*ca"ri*an\, Suburbicary
\Sub*ur"bi*ca*ry\, a. [LL. suburbicarius, equiv. to L.
suburbanus: cf. F. suburbicaire. See {Suburban}.]
Being in the suburbs; -- applied to the six dioceses in the
suburbs of Rome subject to the pope as bishop of Rome.
The pope having stretched his authority beyond the
bounds of his suburbicarian precincts. --Barrow.
Suburethral \Sub`u*re"thral\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the urethra, or under its orifice.
Subvaginal \Sub*vag"i*nal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under or inside a sheath or vaginal membrane; as,
the subvaginal, or subdural, spaces about the optic nerve.
Subvariety \Sub`va*ri"e*ty\, n.; pl. {-ties}.
A subordinate variety, or a division of a variety.
Subvene \Sub*vene"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Subvened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subvening}.] [Pref. sub- + L. venire to come. See
{Subvention}.]
To come under, as a support or stay; to happen.
A future state must needs subvene to prevent the whole
edifice from falling into ruin. --Bp.
Warburton.
Subventaneous \Sub`ven*ta"ne*ous\, a. [Pref. sub- + L. ventus
wind.]
Produced by the wind. [Obs.]
Subvention \Sub*ven"tion\, n. [F., fr. LL. subventio, fr. L.
subvenire to come up to one's assistance, to assist. See
{Souvenir}, and cf. {Subvene}.]
1. The act of coming under. ``The subvention of a cloud.''
--Stackhouse.
2. The act of relieving, as of a burden; support; aid;
assistance; help.
3. A government aid or bounty.
Subvention \Sub*ven"tion\, v. t.
To subventionize.
Subventionize \Sub*ven"tion*ize\, v. t.
To come to the aid of; to subsidize; to support.
Subventitious \Sub`ven*ti"tious\, a.
Helping; aiding; supporting. --Urquhart.
Subverse \Sub*verse"\, v. t. [L. subversus, p. p. of subvertere.
See {Subvert}.]
To subvert. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Subversion \Sub*ver"sion\, n. [L. subversio: cf. F. subversion.
See {Subvert}.]
The act of overturning, or the state of being overturned;
entire overthrow; an overthrow from the foundation; utter
ruin; destruction; as, the subversion of a government; the
subversion of despotic power; the subversion of the
constitution.
The subversion [by a storm] of woods and timber . . .
through my whole estate. --Evelyn.
Laws have been often abused to the oppression and
subversion of that order they were intended to
preserve. --Rogers.
Subversionary \Sub*ver"sion*a*ry\, a.
Promoting destruction.
Subversive \Sub*ver"sive\, a. [Cf. F. subversif.]
Tending to subvert; having a tendency to overthrow and ruin.
Lying is a vice subversive of the very ends and design
of conversation. --Rogers.
Subvert \Sub*vert"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Subverted}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Subverting}.] [L. subvertere, subversum; sub under +
vertere to turn: cf. F. subvertir. See {Verse}.]
1. To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin
utterly.
These are his substance, sinews, arms, and strength,
With which he yoketh your rebellious necks, Razeth
your cities, and subverts your towns. --Shak.
This would subvert the principles of all knowledge.
--Locke.
2. To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the truth; to
corrupt; to confound. --2 Tim. iii. 14.
Syn: To overturn; overthrow; destroy; invert; reverse;
extinguish.
Subvert \Sub*vert"\, v. i.
To overthrow anything from the foundation; to be subversive.
They have a power given to them like that of the evil
principle, to subvert and destroy.
Subverant \Sub*ver"ant\, a. (Her.)
Reserved. [R.]
Subvertebral \Sub*ver"te*bral\, a. (Anat.)
Situated beneath, or on the ventral side of, the vertebral
column; situated beneath, or inside of, the endoskeleton;
hypaxial; hyposkeletal.
Subverter \Sub*vert"er\, n.
One who, or that which, subverts; an overthrower. --Sir T.
More.
Subvertible \Sub*vert"i*ble\, a.
That may be subverted.
Subvitalized \Sub*vi"tal*ized\, a.
Imperfectly vitalized; having naturally but little vital
power or energy.
Subvocal \Sub*vo"cal\, a. & n.
Same as {Subtonic}.
Subway \Sub"way`\, n.
An underground way or gallery; especially, a passage under a
street, in which water mains, gas mains, telegraph wires,
etc., are conducted.
Subworker \Sub*work"er\, n.
A subordinate worker or helper. --South.
Subzonal \Sub*zon"al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under a zone, or zona; -- applied to a membrane
between the zona radiata and the umbilical vesicle in the
mammal embryo.
Subzigomatic \Sub*zig`o*mat"ic\, a. (Anat.)
Situated under the zygoma or zygomatic process.
Succade \Suc"cade\, n. [L. succus, sucus, juice: cf. F. succade
a sugarbox. Cf. {Sucket}.]
1. A sweetmeat. [Obs.] --Holland.
2. pl. (Com.) Sweetmeats, or preserves in sugar, whether
fruit, vegetables, or confections. --Blakely.
{Succade gourd}. (Bot.) Same as {Vegetable marrow}, under
{Vegetable}.
Succedane \Suc"ce*dane\, n.
A succedaneum. [Obs.]
Succedaneous \Suc`ce*da"ne*ous\, a. [L. succedaneus. See
{Succeed}.]
Pertaining to, or acting as, a succedaneum; supplying the
place of something else; being, or employed as, a substitute
for another. --Sir T. Browne.
Succedaneum \Suc`ce*da"ne*um\, n.; pl. {Succedanea}. [NL. See
{Succedaneous}.]
One who, or that which, succeeds to the place of another;
that which is used for something else; a substitute;
specifically (Med.), a remedy used as a substitute for
another.
In lieu of me, you will have a very charming
succedaneum, Lady Harriet Stanhope. --Walpole.
Succeed \Suc*ceed"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Succeeded}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Succeeding}.] [L. succedere, successum; sub under +
cedere to go, to go along, approach, follow, succeed: cf. F.
succ['e]der. See {Cede}, and cf. {Success}.]
1. To follow in order; to come next after; hence, to take the
place of; as, the king's eldest son succeeds his father on
the throne; autumn succeeds summer.
As he saw him nigh succeed. --Spenser.
2. To fall heir to; to inherit. [Obs. & R.] --Shak.
3. To come after; to be subsequent or consequent to; to
follow; to pursue.
Destructive effects . . . succeeded the curse. --Sir
T. Browne.
4. To support; to prosper; to promote. [R.]
Succeed my wish and second my design. --Dryden.
Succeed \Suc*ceed"\, v. i.
1. To come in the place of another person, thing, or event;
to come next in the usual, natural, or prescribed course
of things; to follow; hence, to come next in the
possession of anything; -- often with to.
If the father left only daughters, they equally
succeeded to him in copartnership. --Sir M. Hale.
Enjoy till I return Short pleasures; for long woes
are to succeed! --Milton.
2. Specifically: To ascend the throne after the removal the
death of the occupant.
No woman shall succeed in Salique land. --Shak.
3. To descend, as an estate or an heirloom, in the same
family; to devolve. --Shak.
4. To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what is
attempted or intended; to have a prosperous issue or
termination; to be successful; as, he succeeded in his
plans; his plans succeeded.
It is almost impossible for poets to succeed without
ambition. --Dryden.
Spenser endeavored it in Shepherd's Kalendar; but
neither will it succeed in English. --Dryden.
5. To go under cover. [A latinism. Obs.]
Will you to the cooler cave succeed! --Dryden.
Syn: To follow; pursue. See {Follow}.
Succeedant \Suc*ceed"ant\, a. (Her.)
Succeeding one another; following.
Succeeder \Suc*ceed"er\, n.
A successor. --Shak. Tennyson.
Succeeding \Suc*ceed"ing\, n.
The act of one who, or that which, succeeds; also, that which
succeeds, or follows after; consequence. --Shak.
Succentor \Suc"cen*tor\, n. [LL., an accompanier in singing, fr.
succinere to sing, to accompany; sub under, after + canere to
sing.] (Eccl.)
A subchanter.
Success \Suc*cess"\, n. [L. successus: cf. F. succ[`e]s. See
{Succeed}.]
1. Act of succeeding; succession. [Obs.]
Then all the sons of these five brethren reigned By
due success. --Spenser.
2. That which comes after; hence, consequence, issue, or
result, of an endeavor or undertaking, whether good or
bad; the outcome of effort.
Men . . . that are like to do that, that is
committed to them, and to report back again
faithfully the success. --Bacon.
Perplexed and troubled at his bad success The
tempter stood. --Milton.
3. The favorable or prosperous termination of anything
attempted; the attainment of a proposed object; prosperous
issue.
Dream of success and happy victory! --Shak.
Or teach with more success her son The vices of the
time to shun. --Waller.
Military successes, above all others, elevate the
minds of a people. --Atterbury.
4. That which meets with, or one who accomplishes, favorable
results, as a play or a player. [Colloq.]
Successary \Suc"ces*sa*ry\, n.
Succession. [Obs.]
My peculiar honors, not derived From successary, but
purchased with my blood. --Beau. & Fl.
Successful \Suc*cess"ful\, a.
Resulting in success; assuring, or promotive of, success;
accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect;
hence, prosperous; fortunate; happy; as, a successful use of
medicine; a successful experiment; a successful enterprise.
Welcome, nephews, from successful wars. --Shak.
Syn: Happy; prosperous; fortunate; auspicious; lucky. See
{Fortunate}. -- {Suc*cess"ful*ly}, adv. --
{Suc*cess"ful*ness}, n.
Succession \Suc*ces"sion\, n. [L. successio: cf. F. succession.
See {Succeed}.]
1. The act of succeeding, or following after; a following of
things in order of time or place, or a series of things so
following; sequence; as, a succession of good crops; a
succession of disasters.
2. A series of persons or things according to some
established rule of precedence; as, a succession of kings,
or of bishops; a succession of events in chronology.
He was in the succession to an earldom. --Macaulay.
3. An order or series of descendants; lineage; race; descent.
``A long succession must ensue.'' --Milton.
4. The power or right of succeeding to the station or title
of a father or other predecessor; the right to enter upon
the office, rank, position, etc., held ny another; also,
the entrance into the office, station, or rank of a
predecessor; specifically, the succeeding, or right of
succeeding, to a throne.
You have the voice of the king himself for your
succession in Denmark. --Shak.
The animosity of these factions did not really arise
from the dispute about the succession. --Macaulay.
5. The right to enter upon the possession of the property of
an ancestor, or one near of kin, or one preceding in an
established order.
6. The person succeeding to rank or office; a successor or
heir. [R.] --Milton.
{Apostolical succession}. (Theol.) See under {Apostolical}.
{Succession duty}, a tax imposed on every succession to
property, according to its value and the relation of the
person who succeeds to the previous owner.
[Eng.]
{Succession of crops}. (Agric.) See {Rotation of crops},
under {Rotation}.
Successional \Suc*ces"sion*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a succession; existing in a regular
order; consecutive. ``Successional teeth.'' --Flower. --
{Suc*ces"sion*al*ly}, adv.
Successionist \Suc*ces"sion*ist\, n.
A person who insists on the importance of a regular
succession of events, offices, etc.; especially (Eccl.), one
who insists that apostolic succession alone is valid.
Successive \Suc*ces"sive\, a. [Cf. F. successif. See {Succeed}.]
1. Following in order or in uninterrupted course; coming
after without interruption or interval; following one
after another in a line or series; consecutive; as, the
successive revolution of years; the successive kings of
Egypt; successive strokes of a hammer.
Send the successive ills through ages down. --Prior.
2. Having or giving the right of succeeding to an
inheritance; inherited by succession; hereditary; as, a
successive title; a successive empire. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Successive induction}. (Math.) See {Induction}, 5.
Successively \Suc*ces"sive*ly\, adv.
In a successive manner.
The whiteness, at length, changed successively into
blue, indigo, and violet. --Sir I.
Newton.
Successiveness \Suc*ces"sive*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being successive.
Successless \Suc*cess"less\, a.
Having no success.
Successless all her soft caresses prove. --Pope.
-- {Suc*cess"less*ly}, adv. -- {Suc*cess"less*ness}, n.
Successor \Suc*ces"sor\, n. [OE. successour, OF. successur,
successor, F. successeur, L. successor. See {Succeed}.]
One who succeeds or follows; one who takes the place which
another has left, and sustains the like part or character; --
correlative to predecessor; as, the successor of a deceased
king. --Chaucer.
A gift to a corporation, either of lands or of
chattels, without naming their successors, vests an
absolute property in them so lond as the corporation
subsists. --Blackstone.
Succiduous \Suc*cid"u*ous\, a. [L. succiduus, fr. succidere to
fall under.]
Ready to fall; falling. [R.]
Succiferous \Suc*cif"er*ous\, a. [L. succus, sucus, juice, sap +
-ferous.]
Producing or conveying sap.
Succinamate \Suc`cin*am"ate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of succinamic acid.
Succinamic \Suc`cin*am"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide derivative
of succinic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance,
and forming a series of salts.
Succinate \Suc"ci*nate\, n. [L. succinum, sucinum, amber, from
succus, sucus, juice, sap: cf. F. succinate.] (Chem.)
A salt of succinic acid.
Succinct \Suc*cinct"\, a. [L. succinctus, p. p. of succingere to
gird below or from below, to tuck up; sub + cingere to gird.
Cf. {Cincture}.]
1. Girded or tucked up; bound; drawn tightly together.
His habit fit for speed succinct. --Milton.
2. Compressed into a narrow compass; brief; concise.
Let all your precepts be succinct and clear.
--Roscommon.
The shortest and most succinct model that ever
grasped all the needs and necessities of mankind.
--South.
Syn: Short; brief; concise; summary; compendious; laconic;
terse. -- {Suc*cinct"ly}, adv. -- {Suc*cinct"ness}, n.
Succinic \Suc*cin"ic\, a. [Cf. F. succinique. See {Succinate}.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, amber; specif., designating a
dibasic acid, C?H?.(CO?H)?, first obtained by the dry
distillation of amber. It is found in a number of plants, as
in lettuce and wormwood, and is also produced artificially as
a white crystalline substance having a slightly acid taste.
Succinimide \Suc`cin*im"ide\, n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, {C2H4.(CO)2.NH},
obtained by treating succinic anhydride with ammonia gas. It
is a typical imido acid, and forms a series of salts. See
{Imido acid}, under {Imido}.
Succinite \Suc"ci*nite\, n. [Cf. F. succinite.] (Min.)
(a) Amber.
(b) A garnet of an amber color.
Succinous \Suc"ci*nous\, a. [From L. succinum amber.]
Succinic. [R.]
Succinurate \Suc`cin*u"rate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of succinuric acid.
Succinuric \Suc`cin*u"ric\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide, analogous to
succinamic acid, which is obtained as a white crystalline
substance by heating urea with succinic anhydride. It is
known also in its salts.
Succinyl \Suc"cin*yl\, n. [Succinic + -yl.] (Chem.)
A hypothetical radical characteristic of succinic acid and
certain of its derivatives.
Succise \Suc*cise"\, a. [See {Succision}.] (Bot.)
Appearing as if a part were cut off at the extremity.
Succision \Suc*ci"sion\, n. [L. succisio, fr. succidere,
succisum, to cut away below, sub under + caedere to cut.]
The act of cutting down, as of trees; the act of cutting off.
[R.]
Succor \Suc"cor\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Succored}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Succoring}.] [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre,
secorre, F. secourir, L. succurrere, succursum, to run under,
run to the aid of, help, succor; sub under + currere to run.
See {Current}.]
To run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when
in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from
suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city.
[Written also {succour}.]
He is able to succor them that are tempted. --Heb. ii.
18.
Syn: To aid; assist; relieve; deliver; help; comfort.
Succor \Suc"cor\, n. [OE. socours, sucurs, OF. sucurs, socors,
secors, F. secours, L. succursus, fr. L. succurrere. See
{Succor}, v. t.]
1. Aid; help; assistance; esp., assistance that relieves and
delivers from difficulty, want, or distress. ``We beseech
mercy and succor.'' --Chaucer.
My noble father . . . Flying for succor to his
servant Bannister. --Shak.
2. The person or thing that brings relief.
This mighty succor, which made glad the foe.
--Dryden.
Succorable \Suc"cor*a*ble\, a.
Capable of being succored or assisted; admitting of relief.
Succorer \Suc"cor*er\, n.
One who affords succor; a helper.
Succorless \Suc"cor*less\, a.
Destitute of succor. --Thomson.
Succory \Suc"co*ry\, n. [Corrupted from chicory.] (Bot.)
A plant of the genus {Cichorium}. See {Chicory}.
Succotash \Suc"co*tash\, n. [Narragansett Indian m'sickquatash
corn boiled whole.]
Green maize and beans boiled together. The dish is borrowed
from the native Indians. [Written also {suckatash}.]
Succoteague \Suc`co*teague"\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The squeteague.
Succuba \Suc"cu*ba\, n.; pl. {Succub[ae]}. [NL., fr. L.
succubare to lie under; sub under + cubare to lie down; cf.
L. succuba, succubo, one who lies under another.]
A female demon or fiend. See {Succubus}.
Though seeming in shape a woman natural Was a fiend of
the kind that succub[ae] some call. --Mir. for
Mag.
Succubine \Suc"cu*bine\, a.
Of or pertaining to succuba.
Succubous \Suc"cu*bous\, a. [See {Succuba}.] (Bot.)
Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one
is covered by the base of the next higher leaf, as in hepatic
mosses of the genus {Plagiochila}.
Succubus \Suc"cu*bus\, n.; pl. {Succubi}. [See {Succuba}.]
1. A demon or fiend; especially, a lascivious spirit supposed
to have sexual intercourse with the men by night; a
succuba. Cf. {Incubus}.
2. (Med.) The nightmare. See {Nightmare}, 2.
Succula \Suc"cu*la\, n. [L. sucula a winch, windlass, capstan.]
(Mach.)
A bare axis or cylinder with staves or levers in it to turn
it round, but without any drum.
Succulence \Suc"cu*lence\, Succulency \Suc"cu*len*cy\, n. [See
{Succulent}.]
The quality or condition of being succulent; juiciness; as,
the succulence of a peach.
Succulent \Suc"cu*lent\, a. [L. succulentus, suculentus, fr.
succus, sucus, juice; perhaps akin to E. suck: cf. F.
succulent.]
Full of juice; juicy.
{Succulent} plants (Bot.), plants which have soft and juicy
leaves or stems, as the houseleek, the live forever, and
the species of Mesembryanthemum.
Succulently \Suc"cu*lent*ly\, adv.
In a succulent manner.
Succulous \Suc"cu*lous\, a.
Succulent; juicy. [R.]
Succumb \Suc*cumb"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Succumbed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Succumbing}.] [L. succumbere; sub under + cumbere (in
comp.), akin to cubare to lie down. See {Incumbent},
{Cubit}.]
To yield; to submit; to give up unresistingly; as, to succumb
under calamities; to succumb to disease.
Succumbent \Suc*cum"bent\, a. [L. succumbens, p. pr.]
Submissive; yielding. [R.] --Howell.
Succursal \Suc*cur"sal\, a. [Cf. F. succursale. See {Succor}, n.
& v. t.]
Serving to aid or help; serving as a chapel of ease;
tributary. [R.]
Not a city was without its cathedral, surrounded by its
succursal churches, its monasteries, and convents.
--Milman.
Succus \Suc"cus\, n.; pl. {Succi}. (Med.)
The expressed juice of a plant, for medicinal use.
{Succus entericus}. [NL., literally, juice of the
intestines.] (Physiol.) A fluid secreted in small by
certain glands (probably the glands of Lieberk["u]hn) of
the small intestines. Its exact action is somewhat
doubtful.
Succussation \Suc`cus*sa"tion\, n. [L. succussare to jolt, v.
intens. fr. succutere, succussum, to fling up from below, to
toss up; sub under + quatere to shake.]
1. A trot or trotting. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
2. A shaking; succussion.
Succussion \Suc*cus"sion\, n. [L. succussio, from succutere: cf.
F. succussion. See {Succussation}.]
The act of shaking; a shake; esp. (Med.), a shaking of the
body to ascertain if there be a liquid in the thorax.
Succussive \Suc*cus"sive\, a.
Characterized by a shaking motion, especially an up and down
movement, and not merely tremulous oscillation; as, the
succussive motion in earthquakes.
Such \Such\, a. [OE. such, sich, sech, sik, swich, swilch,
swulch, swilc, swulc, AS. swelc, swilc, swylc; akin to
OFries. selik, D. zulk, OS. sulic, OHG. sulih, solih, G.
solch, Icel. sl[=i]kr, OSw. salik, Sw. slik, Dan. slig, Goth.
swaleiks; originally meaning, so shaped. [root]192. See {So},
{Like}, a., and cf. {Which}.]
1. Of that kind; of the like kind; like; resembling; similar;
as, we never saw such a day; -- followed by that or as
introducing the word or proposition which defines the
similarity, or the standard of comparison; as, the books
are not such that I can recommend them, or, not such as I
can recommend; these apples are not such as those we saw
yesterday; give your children such precepts as tend to
make them better.
And in his time such a conqueror That greater was
there none under the sun. --Chaucer.
His misery was such that none of the bystanders
could refrain from weeping. --Macaulay.
Note: The indefinite article a or an never precedes such, but
is placed between it and the noun to which it refers;
as, such a man; such an honor. The indefinite adjective
some, several, one, few, many, all, etc., precede such;
as, one such book is enough; all such people ought to
be avoided; few such ideas were then held.
2. Having the particular quality or character specified.
That thou art happy, owe to God; That thou
continuest such, owe to thyself. --Milton.
3. The same that; -- with as; as, this was the state of the
kingdom at such time as the enemy landed. ``[It] hath such
senses as we have.'' --Shak.
4. Certain; -- representing the object as already
particularized in terms which are not mentioned.
In rushed one and tells him such a knight Is new
arrived. --Daniel.
To-day or to-morrow we will go into such a city, and
continue there a year. --James iv.
13.
Note: Such is used pronominally. ``He was the father of such
as dwell in tents.'' --Gen. iv. 20. ``Such as I are
free in spirit when our limbs are chained.'' --Sir W.
Scott. Such is also used before adjectives joined to
substantives; as, the fleet encountered such a terrible
storm that it put back. ``Everything was managed with
so much care, and such excellent order was observed.''
--De Foe.
Temple sprung from a family which . . . long
after his death produced so many eminent men, and
formed such distinguished alliances, that, etc.
--Macaulay.
Such is used emphatically, without the correlative.
Now will he be mocking: I shall have such a life.
--Shak.
Such was formerly used with numerals in the sense of
times as much or as many; as, such ten, or ten times as
many.
{Such and such}, or {Such or such}, certain; some; -- used to
represent the object indefinitely, as already
particularized in one way or another, or as being of one
kind or another. ``In such and such a place shall be my
camp.'' --2 Kings vi. 8. ``Sovereign authority may enact a
law commanding such and such an action.'' --South.
{Such like} or {character}, of the like kind.
And many other such like things ye do. --Mark vii.
8.
Suchospondylous \Su`cho*spon"dy*lous\, a. [Gr. ? a crocodile + ?
a vertebra.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having dorsal vertebr[ae] with long and divided transverse
processes; -- applied to certain reptiles.
Suchwise \Such"wise`\, adv.
In a such a manner; so.
Suck \Suck\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sucked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sucking}.] [OE. suken, souken, AS. s?can, s?gan; akin to D.
zuigen, G. saugen, OHG. s?gan, Icel. s?ga, sj?ga, Sw. suga,
Dan. suge, L. sugere. Cf. {Honeysuckle}, {Soak}, {Succulent},
{Suction}.]
1. To draw, as a liquid, by the action of the mouth and
tongue, which tends to produce a vacuum, and causes the
liquid to rush in by atmospheric pressure; to draw, or
apply force to, by exhausting the air.
2. To draw liquid from by the action of the mouth; as, to
suck an orange; specifically, to draw milk from (the
mother, the breast, etc.) with the mouth; as, the young of
an animal sucks the mother, or dam; an infant sucks the
breast.
3. To draw in, or imbibe, by any process resembles sucking;
to inhale; to absorb; as, to suck in air; the roots of
plants suck water from the ground.
4. To draw or drain.
Old ocean, sucked through the porous globe.
--Thomson.
5. To draw in, as a whirlpool; to swallow up.
As waters are by whirlpools sucked and drawn.
--Dryden.
{To suck in}, to draw into the mouth; to imbibe; to absorb.
{To suck out}, to draw out with the mouth; to empty by
suction.
{To suck up}, to draw into the mouth; to draw up by suction
or absorption.
Suck \Suck\, v. i.
1. To draw, or attempt to draw, something by suction, as with
the mouth, or through a tube.
Where the bee sucks, there suck I. --Shak.
2. To draw milk from the breast or udder; as, a child, or the
young of an animal, is first nourished by sucking.
3. To draw in; to imbibe; to partake.
The crown had sucked too hard, and now, being full, was
like to draw less. --Bacon.
Suck \Suck\, n.
1. The act of drawing with the mouth.
2. That which is drawn into the mouth by sucking;
specifically, mikl drawn from the breast. --Shak.
3. A small draught. [Colloq.] --Massinger.
4. Juice; succulence. [Obs.]
Suckanhock \Suck"an*hock\, n. [Of American Indian origin.]
A kind of seawan. See Note under {Seawan}.
Suckatash \Suck"a*tash\, n.
See {Succotash}. --Bartlett.
Sucken \Suck"en\, n. [See {Socome}, {Soc}.] (Scots Law)
The jurisdiction of a mill, or that extent of ground
astricted to it, the tenants of which are bound to bring
their grain thither to be ground.
Sucker \Suck"er\ (s[u^]k"[~e]r), n.
1. One who, or that which, sucks; esp., one of the organs by
which certain animals, as the octopus and remora, adhere
to other bodies.
2. A suckling; a sucking animal. --Beau. & Fl.
3. The embolus, or bucket, of a pump; also, the valve of a
pump basket. --Boyle.
4. A pipe through which anything is drawn.
5. A small piece of leather, usually round, having a string
attached to the center, which, when saturated with water
and pressed upon a stone or other body having a smooth
surface, adheres, by reason of the atmospheric pressure,
with such force as to enable a considerable weight to be
thus lifted by the string; -- used by children as a
plaything.
6. (Bot.) A shoot from the roots or lower part of the stem of
a plant; -- so called, perhaps, from diverting nourishment
from the body of the plant.
7. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of North American
fresh-water cyprinoid fishes of the family
{Catostomid[ae]}; so called because the lips are
protrusile. The flesh is coarse, and they are of
little value as food. The most common species of the
Eastern United States are the northern sucker
({Catostomus Commersoni}), the white sucker ({C.
teres}), the hog sucker ({C. nigricans}), and the
chub, or sweet sucker ({Erimyzon sucetta}). Some of
the large Western species are called {buffalo fish},
{red horse}, {black horse}, and {suckerel}.
(b) The remora.
(c) The lumpfish.
(d) The hagfish, or myxine.
(e) A California food fish ({Menticirrus undulatus})
closely allied to the kingfish
(a); -- called also {bagre}.
8. A parasite; a sponger. See def. 6, above.
They who constantly converse with men far above
their estates shall reap shame and loss thereby; if
thou payest nothing, they will count thee a sucker,
no branch. --Fuller.
9. A hard drinker; a soaker. [Slang]
10. A greenhorn; one easily gulled. [Slang, U.S.]
11. A nickname applied to a native of Illinois. [U. S.]
{Carp sucker}, {Cherry sucker}, etc. See under {Carp},
{Cherry}, etc.
{Sucker fish}. See {Sucking fish}, under {Sucking}.
{Sucker rod}, a pump rod. See under {Pump}.
{Sucker tube} (Zo["o]l.), one of the external ambulacral
tubes of an echinoderm, -- usually terminated by a sucker
and used for locomotion. Called also {sucker foot}. See
{Spatangoid}.
Sucker \Suck"er\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suckered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Suckering}.]
To strip off the suckers or shoots from; to deprive of
suckers; as, to sucker maize.
Sucker \Suck"er\, v. i.
To form suckers; as, corn suckers abundantly.
Sucket \Suck"et\, n. [Cf. {Suck}, v. t., {Succades}.]
A sweetmeat; a dainty morsel. --Jer. Taylor.
Suckfish \Suck"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A sucker fish.
Sucking \Suck"ing\, a.
Drawing milk from the mother or dam; hence, colloquially,
young, inexperienced, as, a sucking infant; a sucking calf.
I suppose you are a young barrister, sucking lawyer, or
that sort of thing. --Thackeray.
{Sucking bottle}, a feeding bottle. See under {Bottle}.
{Sucking fish} (Zo["o]l.), the remora. See {Remora}. --Baird.
{Sucking pump}, a suction pump. See under {Suction}.
{Sucking stomach} (Zo["o]l.), the muscular first stomach of
certain insects and other invertebrates which suck liquid
food.
Suckle \Suc"kle\, n.
A teat. [Obs.] --Sir T. Herbert.
Suckle \Suc"kle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suckled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Suckling}.] [Freq. of suck.]
To give suck to; to nurse at the breast. --Addison.
The breasts of Hecuba When she did suckle Hector,
looked not lovelier. --Shak.
They are not weak, suckled by Wisdom. --Landor.
Suckle \Suc"kle\, v. i.
To nurse; to suck. [R.]
Suckler \Suc"kler\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An animal that suckles its young; a mammal.
Suckling \Suck"ling\, n. [OE. sokeling. See {Suck}, v. t.]
1. A young child or animal nursed at the breast.
2. A small kind of yellow clover ({Trifolium filiforme})
common in Southern Europe.
Sucrate \Su"crate\, n. (Chem.)
A compound of sucrose (or of some related carbohydrate) with
some base, after the analogy of a salt; as, sodium sucrate.
Sucre \Su"cre\, n.
A silver coin of Ecuador, worth 68 cents.
Sucrose \Su"crose`\, n. [F. sucre sugar. See {Sugar}.] (Chem.)
A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants,
as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc. It
is extracted as a sweet, white crystalline substance which is
valuable as a food product, and, being antiputrescent, is
largely used in the preservation of fruit. Called also
{saccharose}, {cane sugar}, etc. By extension, any one of the
class of isomeric substances (as lactose, maltose, etc.) of
which sucrose proper is the type.
Note: Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate,
{C12H22O11}. It does not reduce Fehling's solution, and
though not directly fermentable, yet on standing with
yeast it is changed by the diastase present to invert
sugar (dextrose and levulose), which then breaks down
to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to
invert sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also
called a {disaccharate}
. Sucrose possesses at once the properties of an alcohol and a
ketone, and also forms compounds (called sucrates) analogous to
salts. Cf. {Sugar}.
Suction \Suc"tion\, n. [L. sugere, suctum, to suck; cf. OF.
suction. See {Suck}, v. t.]
The act or process of sucking; the act of drawing, as fluids,
by exhausting the air.
{Suction chamber}, the chamber of a pump into which the
suction pipe delivers.
{Suction pipe}, {Suction valve}, the induction pipe, and
induction valve, of a pump, respectively.
{Suction pump}, the common pump, in which the water is raised
into the barrel by atmospheric pressure. See Illust. of
{Pump}.
Suctoria \Suc*to"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL. See {Suction}.] (Zo["o]l.)
1. An order of Infusoria having the body armed with somewhat
stiff, tubular processes which they use as suckers in
obtaining their food. They are usually stalked.
2. Same as {Rhizocephala}.
Suctorial \Suc*to"ri*al\, a. [L. sugere, suctum, to suck.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Adapted for sucking; living by sucking; as, the
humming birds are suctorial birds.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Capable of adhering by suction; as, the
suctorial fishes.
Suctorian \Suc*to"ri*an\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) A cartilaginous fish with a mouth adapted for
suction, as the lampery.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the Suctoria.
Suctorious \Suc*to"ri*ous\, a.
Suctorial. [R.]
Sudamina \Su*dam"i*na\, n. pl, sing. {Sudamen}. [NL. sudamen,
-inis, fr. sudare to sweat. See {Sweat}.] (Med.)
Minute vesicles surrounded by an area of reddened skin,
produced by excessive sweating.
Sudarium \Su*da"ri*um\, n. [L., a handkerchief.] (Eccl.)
The handkerchief upon which the Savior is said to have
impressed his own portrait miraculously, when wiping his face
with it, as he passed to the crucifixion.
Sudary \Su"da*ry\, n. [L. sudarium, fr. sudare to sweat. See
{Sweat}.]
A napkin or handkerchief. [Obs. or R.] --Wyclif. R. Browning.
Sudation \Su*da"tion\, n. [L. sudatio, fr. sudare to sweat: cf.
F. sudation.]
A sweating. [Obs.]
Sudatorium \Su`da*to"ri*um\, n.; pl. {Sudatoria}. [L.]
A sudatory. --Dunglison.
Sudatory \Su"da*to*ry\, a. [L. sudatorius, fr. sudare to sweat:
cf. F. sudatoire. See {Sweat}.]
Sweating; perspiring.
Sudatory \Su"da*to*ry\, n.; pl. {Sudatories}. [L. sudatorium.]
A bagnio; a sweating bath; a vapor bath.
These sudatories are much in request for many
infirmities. --Evelyn.
Sudden \Sud"den\, a. [OE. sodian, sodein, OF. sodain, sudain, F.
soudain, L. subitaneus, fr. subitus sudden, that has come
unexpectedly, p. p. of subire to come on, to steal upon; sub
under, secretly + ire to go. See {Issue}, and cf.
{Subitaneous}.]
1. Happening without previous notice or with very brief
notice; coming unexpectedly, or without the common
preparation; immediate; instant; speedy. ``O sudden wo!''
--Chaucer. ``For fear of sudden death.'' --Shak.
Sudden fear troubleth thee. --Job xxii.
10.
2. Hastly prepared or employed; quick; rapid.
Never was such a sudden scholar made. --Shak.
The apples of Asphaltis, appearing goodly to the
sudden eye. --Milton.
3. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate. [Obs.] --Shak.
Syn: Unexpected; unusual; abrupt; unlooked-for. --
{Sud"den*ly}, adv. -- {Sud"den*ness}, n.
Sudden \Sud"den\, adv.
Suddenly; unexpectedly. [R.]
Herbs of every leaf that sudden flowered. --Milton.
Sudden \Sud"den\, n.
An unexpected occurrence; a surprise.
{All of a sudden}, {On a sudden}, {Of a sudden}, sooner than
was expected; without the usual preparation; suddenly.
How art thou lost! how on a sudden lost! --Milton.
He withdrew his opposition all of a sudden.
--Thackeray.
Suddenty \Sud"den*ty\, n. [Cf. F. soudainet['e].]
Suddenness; a sudden. [Scot.]
{On a suddenty}, on a sudden. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Sudoral \Su"dor*al\, a. [L. sudor.]
Of or pertaining to sweat; as, sudoral eruptions.
Sudoriferous \Su`dor*if"er*ous\, a. [L. sudor sweat + -ferous.]
(Physiol.)
Producing, or secreting, sweat; sudoriparous.
{Sudoriferous glands} (Anat.), small convoluted tubular
glands which are situated in the subcutaneous tissues and
discharge by minute orifices in the surface of the skin;
the sweat glands.
Sudorific \Su`dor*if"ic\, a. [L. sudor sweat (akin to E. sweat)
+ facere to make.]
Causing sweat; as, sudorific herbs. -- n. A sudorific
medicine. Cf. {Diaphoretic}.
Sudoriparous \Su`dor*ip"a*rous\, a. [L. sudor sweat + parere to
produce.] (Physiol.)
Same as {Sudoriferous}.
Sudorous \Su"dor*ous\, a. [L. sudorus, fr. sudor sweat.]
Consisting of sweat. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Sudra \Su"dra\, n. [Skr. [,c]?dra.]
The lowest of the four great castes among the Hindoos. See
{Caste}. [Written also {Soorah}, {Soodra}, and {Sooder}.]
Suds \Suds\, n. pl. [Akin to sodden, seethe. See {Seethe}.]
Water impregnated with soap, esp. when worked up into bubbles
and froth.
{In the suds}, in turmoil or difficulty. [Colloq.] --Beau. &
Fl.
Sue \Sue\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sued}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Suing}.]
[OE. suen, sewen, siwen, OF. sivre (pres.ind. 3d sing. il
siut, suit, he follows, nous sevons we follow), LL. sequere,
for L. sequi, secutus; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. sac to accompany,
and probably to E. see, v.t. See {See}, v. t., and cf.
{Consequence}, {Ensue}, {Execute}, {Obsequious}, {Pursue},
{Second}, {Sect} in religion, {Sequence}, {Suit}.]
1. To follow up; to chase; to seek after; to endeavor to win;
to woo.
For yet there was no man that haddle him sued.
--Chaucer.
I was beloved of many a gentle knight, And sued and
sought with all the service due. --Spenser.
Sue me, and woo me, and flatter me. --Tennyson.
2. (Law)
(a) To seek justice or right from, by legal process; to
institute process in law against; to bring an action
against; to prosecute judicially.
(b) To proceed with, as an action, and follow it up to its
proper termination; to gain by legal process.
3. (Falconry) To clean, as the beak; -- said of a hawk.
4. (Naut.) To leave high and dry on shore; as, to sue a ship.
--R. H. Dana, Jr.
{To sue out} (Law), to petition for and take out, or to apply
for and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue
out a pardon for a criminal.
Sue \Sue\, v. i.
1. To seek by request; to make application; to petition; to
entreat; to plead.
By adverse destiny constrained to sue For counsel
and redress, he sues to you. --Pope.
C[ae]sar came to Rome to sue for the double honor of
a triumph and the consulship. --C.
Middleton.
The Indians were defeated and sued for peace.
--Jefferson.
2. (Law) To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek (for
something) in law; as, to sue for damages.
3. To woo; to pay addresses as a lover. --Massinger.
4. (Naut.) To be left high and dry on the shore, as a ship.
--R. H. Dana, Jr.
Suent \Su"ent\, a.
Uniformly or evenly distributed or spread; even; smooth. See
{Suant}. --Thoreau.
Suently \Su"ent*ly\, adv.
Evenly; smoothly.
Suer \Su"er\, n.
One who sues; a suitor.
Suet \Su"et\, n. [OE. suet, dim. fr. OF. seu, suif, F. suif, L.
sebum. Cf. {Soap}, {Sebaceous}.]
The fat and fatty tissues of an animal, especially the harder
fat about the kidneys and loins in beef and mutton, which,
when melted and freed from the membranes, forms tallow.
Suety \Su"et*y\, a.
Consisting of, or resembling, suet; as, a suety substance.
Suf- \Suf-\
A form of the prefix {Sub-}.
Suffer \Suf"fer\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suffered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Suffering}.] [OE. suffren, soffren, OF. sufrir, sofrir,
F. souffrir, (assumed) LL. sofferire, for L. sufferre; sub
under + ferre to bear, akin to E. bear. See {Bear} to
support.]
1. To feel, or endure, with pain, annoyance, etc.; to submit
to with distress or grief; to undergo; as, to suffer pain
of body, or grief of mind.
2. To endure or undergo without sinking; to support; to
sustain; to bear up under.
Our spirit and strength entire, Strongly to suffer
and support our pains. --Milton.
3. To undergo; to be affected by; to sustain; to experience;
as, most substances suffer a change when long exposed to
air and moisture; to suffer loss or damage.
If your more ponderous and settled project May
suffer alteration. --Shak.
4. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder; to tolerate.
Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not
suffer sin upon him. --Lev. xix.
17.
I suffer them to enter and possess. --Milton.
Syn: To permit; bear; endure; support; sustain; allow; admit;
tolerate. See {Permit}.
Suffer \Suf"fer\, v. i.
1. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is
inconvenient; as, we suffer from pain, sickness, or
sorrow; we suffer with anxiety.
O well for him whose will is strong! He suffers, but
he will not suffer long. --Tennyson.
2. To undergo punishment; specifically, to undergo the
penalty of death.
The father was first condemned to suffer upon a day
appointed, and the son afterwards the day following.
--Clarendon.
3. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage.
Public business suffers by private infirmities.
--Sir W.
Temple.
Sufferable \Suf"fer*a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. souffrable.]
1. Able to suffer or endure; patient. [Obs.] ``Ye must be
sufferable.'' --Chaucer.
2. That may be suffered, tolerated, or permitted; allowable;
tolerable. -- {Suf"fer*a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Suf"fer*a*bly},
adv.
Sufferance \Suf"fer*ance\, n. [OE. suffrance, OF. sufrance,
soufrance, F. souffrance, L. sufferentia, from sufferens,
-entis, p. pr. of sufferre. See {Suffer}.]
1. The state of suffering; the bearing of pain; endurance.
He must not only die the death, But thy unkindness
shall his death draw out To lingering sufferance.
--Shak.
2. Pain endured; misery; suffering; distress.
The seeming sufferances that you had borne. --Shak.
3. Loss; damage; injury. [Obs.]
A grievous . . . sufferance on most part of their
fleet. --Shak.
4. Submission under difficult or oppressive circumstances;
patience; moderation. --Chaucer.
But hasty heat tempering with sufferance wise.
--Spenser.
5. Negative consent by not forbidding or hindering;
toleration; permission; allowance; leave. --Shak.
In their beginning they are weak and wan, But soon,
through sufferance, grow to fearful end. --Spenser.
Somewhiles by sufferance, and somewhiles by special
leave and favor, they erected to themselves
oratories. --Hooker.
6. A permission granted by the customs authorities for the
shipment of goods. [Eng.]
{Estate of sufferance} (Law), the holding by a tenant who
came in by a lawful title, but remains, after his right
has expired, without positive leave of the owner.
--Blackstone.
{On sufferance}, by mere toleration; as, to remain in a house
on sufferance.
Syn: Endurance; pain; misery; inconvenience; patience;
moderation; toleration; permission.
Sufferer \Suf"fer*er\, n.
1. One who suffers; one who endures or undergoes suffering;
one who sustains inconvenience or loss; as, sufferers by
poverty or sickness; men are sufferers by fire or by
losses at sea.
2. One who permits or allows.
Suffering \Suf"fer*ing\, n.
The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or loss; pain endured;
distress, loss, or injury incurred; as, sufferings by pain or
sorrow; sufferings by want or by wrongs. ``Souls in
sufferings tried.'' --Keble.
Suffering \Suf"fer*ing\, a.
Being in pain or grief; having loss, injury, distress, etc.
-- {Suf"fer*ing*ly}, adv.
Suffice \Suf*fice"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sufficed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sufficing}.] [OE. suffisen, OF. soufire, F. suffire
(cf. suffisant, p. pr.), L. sufficere to put under, to
substitute, to avail for, to suffice; sub under + facere to
make. See {Fact}.]
To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything);
to be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate. --Chaucer.
To recount almighty works, What words or tongue of
seraph can suffice? --Milton.
Suffice \Suf*fice"\, v. t.
1. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or
demands of. --Spenser.
Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this
matter. --Deut. iii.
26.
2. To furnish; to supply adequately. [Obs.]
The power appeased, with winds sufficed the sail.
--Dryden.
Sufficience \Suf*fi"cience\, n.
Sufficiently. [Obs.]
Sufficiency \Suf*fi"cien*cy\, n. [L. sufficientia: cf. F.
suffisance. See {Suffice}.]
1. The quality or state of being sufficient, or adequate to
the end proposed; adequacy.
His sufficiency is such that he bestows and
possesses, his plenty being unexhausted. --Boyle.
2. Qualification for any purpose; ability; capacity.
A substitute or most allowed sufficiency. --Shak.
I am not so confident of my own sufficiency as not
willingly to admit the counsel of others. --Eikon
Basilike.
3. Adequate substance or means; competence. ``An elegant
sufficiency.'' --Thomson.
4. Supply equal to wants; ample stock or fund.
5. Conceit; self-confidence; self-sufficiency.
Sufficiency is a compound of vanity and ignorance.
--Sir W.
Temple.
Sufficient \Suf*fi"cient\, a. [L. sufficiens, -entis, p. pr. of
sufficere: cf. F. suffisant. See {Suffice}.]
1. Equal to the end proposed; adequate to wants; enough;
ample; competent; as, provision sufficient for the family;
an army sufficient to defend the country.
My grace is sufficient for thee. --2 Cor. xii.
9.
2. Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; of
competent power or ability; qualified; fit.
Who is sufficient for these things? --2 Cor. ii.
16.
3. Capable of meeting obligations; responsible.
The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient . . . I
think I may take his bond. --Shak.
4. Self-sufficient; self-satisfied; content. [R.]
Thou art the most sufficient (I'll say for thee),
Not to believe a thing. --Beau. & Fl.
Syn: Enough; adequate; competent; full; satisfactory; ample.
Sufficiently \Suf*fi"cient*ly\, adv.
To a sufficient degree; to a degree that answers the purpose,
or gives content; enough; as, we are sufficiently supplied
with food; a man sufficiently qualified for the discharge of
his official duties.
Sufficing \Suf*fi"cing\, a.
Affording enough; satisfying. -- {Suf*fi"cing*ly}, adv. --
{Suf*fi"cing*ness}, n.
Suffisance \Suf*fi"sance\, n. [F. See {Sufficiency}.]
Sufficiency; plenty; abundance; contentment. [Obs.]
He could in little thing have suffisaunce. --Chaucer.
Suffisant \Suf*fi"sant\, a.
Sufficient. [Obs.]
Suffix \Suf"fix\, n. [L. suffixus, p. p. of suffigere to fasten
on, to affix; sub under + figere to fix: cf. F. suffixe. See
{Fix}.]
1. A letter, letters, syllable, or syllables added or
appended to the end of a word or a root to modify the
meaning; a postfix.
2. (Math.) A subscript mark, number, or letter. See
{Subscript}, a.
Suffix \Suf*fix"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suffixed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Suffixing}.]
To add or annex to the end, as a letter or syllable to a
word; to append.
Suffixion \Suf*fix"ion\, n.
The act of suffixing, or the state of being suffixed.
Suffixment \Suf*fix"ment\, n.
Suffixion. [R.] --Earle.
Sufflaminate \Suf*flam"i*nate\, v. t. [L. sufflaminatus, p. p.
of sufflaminare to hold back by a clog, from sufflamen a
clog.]
1. To retard the motion of, as a carriage, by preventing one
or more of its wheels from revolving, either by means of a
chain or otherwise. [Obs.]
2. Hence, to stop; to impede. [Obs.] --Barrow.
Sufflate \Suf*flate"\, v. t. [L. sufflatus, p. p. of sufflare to
blow up, inflate; sub under + flare to blow.]
To blow up; to inflate; to inspire. [R.] --T. Ward.
Sufflation \Suf*fla"tion\, n. [L. sufflatio.]
The act of blowing up or inflating. [R.] --Coles.
Suffocate \Suf"fo*cate\, a. [L. suffocatus, p. p. of suffocare
to choke; sub under + fauces the throat. Cf. {Faucal}.]
Suffocated; choked. --Shak.
Suffocate \Suf"fo*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suffocated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Suffocating}.]
1. To choke or kill by stopping respiration; to stifle; to
smother.
Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate. --Shak.
2. To destroy; to extinguish; as, to suffocate fire.
Suffocate \Suf"fo*cate\, v. i.
To become choked, stifled, or smothered. ``A swelling
discontent is apt to suffocate and strangle without
passage.'' --collier.
Suffocating \Suf"fo*ca`ting\,
a. & n. from {Suffocate}, v. -- {Suf"fo*ca`ting*ly}, adv.
Suffocation \Suf`fo*ca"tion\, n. [L. suffocatio: cf. F.
suffocation.]
The act of suffocating, or the state of being suffocated;
death caused by smothering or choking.
Note: The term suffocation is sometimes employed synonymously
with asphyxia. In the strict medico-legal sense it
signifies asphyxia induced by obstruction of the
respiration otherwise than by direct pressure on the
neck (hanging, strangulation) or submersion (drowning).
--Quain.
Suffocative \Suf"fo*ca*tive\, a.
Tending or able to choke or stifle. ``Suffocative catarrhs.''
--Arbuthnot.
Suffossion \Suf*fos"sion\, n. [L. suffossio, from suffodere,
suffossum, to dig under; sub under + fodere to dig.]
A digging under; an undermining. [R.] --Bp. Hall.
Suffragan \Suf"fra*gan\, a. [F. suffragant, L. suffragans, p.
pr. of suffragari to support with one's vote, to be
favorable. See {Suffrage}.]
Assisting; assistant; as, a suffragan bishop.
Suffragan \Suf"fra*gan\, n. [F. suffragant: cf. LL.
suffraganeus. See {Suffragan}, a.]
1. An assistant.
2. (Eccl.) A bishop considered as an assistant, or as
subject, to his metropolitan; an assistant bishop.
Suffraganship \Suf"fra*gan*ship\, n.
The office of a suffragan.
Suffragant \Suf"fra*gant\, a. & n.
Suffragan. [Obs.]
Suffragate \Suf"fra*gate\, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p.
{Suffragated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Suffragating}.] [L.
suffragatus, p. p. of suffragari. See {Suffragan}, a.]
To vote or vote with. [Obs.] ``Suffragating tribes.''
--Dryden.
Suffragator \Suf"fra*ga`tor\, n. [L.]
One who assists or favors by his vote. [Obs.]
Suffrage \Suf"frage\, n. [F., fr. L. suffragium; perhaps
originally, a broken piece, a potsherd, used in voting, and
fr. sub under + the root of frangere to break. See {Break}.]
1. A vote given in deciding a controverted question, or in
the choice of a man for an office or trust; the formal
expression of an opinion; assent; vote.
I ask your voices and your suffrages. --Shak.
2. Testimony; attestation; witness; approval.
Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their suffrage
the observation made by heathen writers.
--Atterbury.
Every miracle is the suffrage of Heaven to the truth
of a doctrine. --South.
3. (Eccl.)
(a) A short petition, as those after the creed in matins
and evensong.
(b) A prayer in general, as one offered for the faithful
departed. --Shipley.
I firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and
that the souls therein detained are helped by
the suffrages of the faithful. --Creed of
Pope Pius IV.
4. Aid; assistance. [A Latinism] [Obs.]
Suffrage \Suf"frage\, v. t.
To vote for; to elect. [Obs.] --Milton.
Suffraginous \Suf*frag"i*nous\, a. [L. suffraginosus diseased in
the hock, fr. suffrago the pastern, or hock.]
Of or pertaining to the hock of a beast. [Obs.]
Suffragist \Suf"fra*gist\, n.
1. One who possesses or exercises the political right of
suffrage; a voter.
2. One who has certain opinions or desires about the
political right of suffrage; as, a woman suffragist.
It is curious that . . . Louisa Castelefort should be
obliged after her marriage immediately to open her doors
and turn ultra liberal, or an universal suffragist. --Miss
Edgeworth.
Suffrago \Suf*fra"go\, n. [L., the hock, from sub under +
frangere to break.] (Zo["o]l.)
The heel joint.
Suffrance \Suf"france\, n.
Sufferance. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Suffrutescent \Suf`fru*tes"cent\, a. [Pref. suf- + frutescent.]
(Bot.)
Slightly woody at the base.
Suffruticose \Suf*fru"ti*cose`\, a. [Pref. suf- + fruticose.]
(Bot.)
Woody in the lower part of the stem, but with the yearly
branches herbaceous, as sage, thyme, hyssop, and the like.
Suffruticous \Suf*fru"ti*cous\, a.
Suffruticose.
Suffumigate \Suf*fu"mi*gate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Suffumigated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Suffumigating}.] [L.
suffumigatus, p. p. of suffumigare to fumigate from below.
See {Sub-}, and {Fumigate}.]
To apply fumes or smoke to the parts of, as to the body in
medicine; to fumigate in part.
Suffumigation \Suf*fu`mi*ga"tion\, n. [L. suffumigatio: cf. F.
suffumigation.]
The operation of suffumigating.
Suffumige \Suf*fu"mige\, n. [LL. suffumigium.]
A medical fume. [Obs.] --Harvey.
Suffuse \Suf*fuse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suffused}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Suffusing}.] [L. suffusus, p. p. of suffundere to
overspread; sub under + fundere to pour. See {Fuse} to melt.]
To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; to fill or cover,
as with something fluid; as, eyes suffused with tears; cheeks
suffused with blushes.
When purple light shall next suffuse the skies. --Pope.
Suffusion \Suf*fu"sion\, n. [L. suffusio: cf. F. suffusion.]
1. The act or process of suffusing, or state of being
suffused; an overspreading.
To those that have the jaundice, or like suffusion
of eyes, objects appear of that color. --Ray.
2. That with which a thing is suffused.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A blending of one color into another; the
spreading of one color over another, as on the feathers of
birds.
Sufi \Su"fi\, n. [From the name of a dynasty of Persian kings,
Saf[=i], Safav[=i]; said to come from name Saf[=i]-ud-d[=i]n
of an ancestor of the family, confused with s?f[=i] pious.]
A title or surname of the king of Persia.
Sufi \Su"fi\, n. [Ar. & Per. s?f[=i], wise, pious, devout.]
One of a certain order of religious men in Persia. [Written
also {sofi}.]
Sufism \Su"fism\, n.
A refined mysticism among certain classes of Mohammedans,
particularly in Persia, who hold to a kind of pantheism and
practice extreme asceticism in their lives. [Written also
{sofism}.]
Sug \Sug\, n.
A kind of worm or larva. --Walton.
Sugar \Sug"ar\, n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp.
az['u]car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. [,c]arkar[=a]
sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. {Saccharine}, {Sucrose}.]
1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance,
of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by
crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as
the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It
is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food
and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the
Note below.
Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as
the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the
raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it
includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the
glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper,
dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true
sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates.
See {Carbohydrate}. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are
ketone alcohols of the formula {C6H12O6}, and they turn
the plane of polarization to the right or the left.
They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by
the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are
themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and
carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet
produced artificially belongs to this class. The
sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose
anhydrides of the formula {C12H22O11}. They are usually
not fermentable as such (cf. {Sucrose}), and they act
on polarized light.
2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or
appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous
white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.
3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render
acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words.
[Colloq.]
{Acorn sugar}. See {Quercite}.
{Cane sugar}, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an
isomeric sugar. See {Sucrose}.
{Diabetes}, or {Diabetic}, {sugar} (Med. Chem.), a variety of
sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the
urine in diabetes mellitus.
{Fruit sugar}. See under {Fruit}, and {Fructose}.
{Grape sugar}, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose
or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe
grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See
{Dextrose}, and {Glucose}.
{Invert sugar}. See under {Invert}.
{Malt sugar}, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found
in malt. See {Maltose}.
{Manna sugar}, a substance found in manna, resembling, but
distinct from, the sugars. See {Mannite}.
{Milk sugar}, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh
milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See {Lactose}.
{Muscle sugar}, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric
with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found
in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called
also {heart sugar}. See {Inosite}.
{Pine sugar}. See {Pinite}.
{Starch sugar} (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by
the action of heat and acids on starch from corn,
potatoes, etc.; -- called also {potato sugar}, {corn
sugar}, and, inaccurately, {invert sugar}. See {Dextrose},
and {Glucose}.
{Sugar barek}, one who refines sugar.
{Sugar beet} (Bot.), a variety of beet ({Beta vulgaris}) with
very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe,
for the sugar obtained from them.
{Sugar berry} (Bot.), the hackberry.
{Sugar bird} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small
South American singing birds of the genera {C[oe]reba},
{Dacnis}, and allied genera belonging to the family
{C[oe]rebid[ae]}. They are allied to the honey eaters.
{Sugar bush}. See {Sugar orchard}.
{Sugar camp}, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple
sugar is made.
{Sugar candian}, sugar candy. [Obs.]
{Sugar candy}, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized;
candy made from sugar.
{Sugar cane} (Bot.), a tall perennial grass ({Saccharum
officinarium}), with thick short-jointed stems. It has
been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar.
{Sugar loaf}.
(a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form
of a truncated cone.
(b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf.
Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar
loaf? --J. Webster.
{Sugar maple} (Bot.), the rock maple ({Acer saccharinum}).
See {Maple}.
{Sugar mill}, a machine for pressing out the juice of the
sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers,
between which the cane is passed.
{Sugar mite}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small mite ({Tyroglyphus sacchari}), often found in
great numbers in unrefined sugar.
(b) The lepisma.
{Sugar of lead}. See {Sugar}, 2, above.
{Sugar of milk}. See under {Milk}.
{Sugar orchard}, a collection of maple trees selected and
preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; --
called also, sometimes, {sugar bush}. [U.S.] --Bartlett.
{Sugar pine} (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree ({Pinus
Lambertiana}) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft
and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the
stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a
substitute for sugar.
{Sugar squirrel} (Zo["o]l.), an Australian flying phalanger
({Belideus sciureus}), having a long bushy tail and a
large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See
Illust. under {Phlanger}.
{Sugar tongs}, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for
taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl.
{Sugar tree}. (Bot.) See {Sugar maple}, above.
Sugar \Sug"ar\, v. i.
In making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling
down the sirup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to
approach or reach the state of granulation; -- with the
preposition off. [Local, U.S.]
Sugar \Sug"ar\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sugared}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sugaring}.]
1. To impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to
mix sugar with. ``When I sugar my liquor.'' --G. Eliot.
2. To cover with soft words; to disguise by flattery; to
compliment; to sweeten; as, to sugar reproof.
With devotion's visage And pious action we do sugar
o'er The devil himself. --Shak.
Sugared \Sug"ared\, a.
Sweetened. ``The sugared liquor.'' --Spenser. Also used
figuratively; as, sugared kisses.
Sugar-house \Sug"ar-house`\, n.
A building in which sugar is made or refined; a sugar
manufactory.
Sugariness \Sug"ar*i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sugary, or sweet.
Sugaring \Sug"ar*ing\, n.
1. The act of covering or sweetening with sugar; also, the
sugar thus used.
2. The act or process of making sugar.
Sugarless \Sug"ar*less\, a.
Without sugar; free from sugar.
Sugarplum \Sug"ar*plum`\, n.
A kind of candy or sweetneat made up in small balls or disks.
Sugary \Sug"ar*y\, a.
1. Resembling or containing sugar; tasting of sugar; sweet.
--Spenser.
2. Fond of sugar or sweet things; as, a sugary palate.
Sugescent \Su*ges"cent\, a. [L. sugere to suck.]
Of or pertaining to sucking. [R.] --Paley.
Suggest \Sug*gest"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suggested}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Suggesting}.] [L. suggestus, p. p. of suggerere to
put under, furnish, suggest; sub under + gerere to carry, to
bring. See {Jest}.]
1. To introduce indirectly to the thoughts; to cause to be
thought of, usually by the agency of other objects.
Some ideas . . . are suggested to the mind by all
the ways of sensation and reflection. --Locke.
2. To propose with difference or modesty; to hint; to
intimate; as, to suggest a difficulty.
3. To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt. [Obs.]
Knowing that tender youth is soon suggested. --Shak.
4. To inform secretly. [Obs.]
Syn: To hint; allude to; refer to; insinuate.
Suggest \Sug*gest"\, v. i.
To make suggestions; to tempt. [Obs.]
And ever weaker grows through acted crime, Or
seeming-genial, venial fault, Recurring and suggesting
still. --Tennyson.
Suggester \Sug*gest"er\, n.
One who suggests. --Beau. & Fl.
Suggestion \Sug*ges"tion\, n. [F. suggestion, L. suggestio.]
1. The act of suggesting; presentation of an idea.
2. That which is suggested; an intimation; an insinuation; a
hint; a different proposal or mention; also, formerly, a
secret incitement; temptation.
Why do I yield to that suggestion? --Shak.
3. Charge; complaint; accusation. [Obs.] ``A false
suggestion.'' --Chaucer.
4. (Law) Information without oath; an entry of a material
fact or circumstance on the record for the information of
the court, at the death or insolvency of a party.
5. (Physiol. & Metaph.) The act or power of originating or
recalling ideas or relations, distinguished as original
and relative; -- a term much used by Scottish
metaphysicians from Hutcherson to Thomas Brown.
Syn: Hint; allusion; intimation; insinuation.
Usage: {Suggestion}, {Hint}. A hint is the briefest or most
indirect mode of calling one's attention to a subject.
A suggestion is a putting of something before the mind
for consideration, an indirect or guarded mode of
presenting argument or advice. A hint is usually
something slight or covert, and may by merely negative
in its character. A suggestion is ordinarily intended
to furnish us with some practical assistance or
direction. ``He gave me a hint of my danger, and added
some suggestions as to the means of avoiding it.''
Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike, Just
hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. --Pope.
Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night On your
suggestion. --Shak.
Suggestive \Sug*gest"ive\, a.
Containing a suggestion, hint, or intimation. --
{Sug*gest"ive*ly}, adv. -- {Sug*gest"ive*ness}, n.
Suggestment \Sug*gest"ment\, n.
Suggestion. [R.]
They fancy that every thought must needs have an
immediate outward suggestment. --Hare.
Suggestress \Sug*gest"ress\, n.
A woman who suggests. ``The suggestress of suicides.'' --De
Quincey.
Suggil \Sug"gil\, v. t. [L. suggillare, sugillare, suggillatum,
sugillatum, literally, to beat black and blue.]
To defame. [Obs.] --Abp. Parker.
Suggillate \Sug"gil*late\, v. t. [See {Suggil}.]
To beat livid, or black and blue. --Wiseman.
Suggillation \Sug`gil*la"tion\, n. [L. suggillatio: cf. F.
suggillation.]
A livid, or black and blue, mark; a blow; a bruise.
Suicidal \Su"i*ci`dal\, a.
Partaking of, or of the nature of, the crime or suicide. --
{Su"i*ci`dal*ly}, adv.
Suicide \Su"i*cide\, n. [L. sui of one's self (akin to suus
one's own) + caedere to slay, to kill. Cf. {So}, adv.,
{Homicide}.]
1. The act of taking one's own life voluntary and
intentionally; self-murder; specifically (Law), the
felonious killing of one's self; the deliberate and
intentional destruction of one's own life by a person of
years of discretion and of sound mind.
2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo-de-se.
3. Ruin of one's own interests. ``Intestine war, which may be
justly called political suicide.'' --V. Knox.
Suicidical \Su`i*cid"i*cal\, a.
Suicidal. [Obs.]
Suicidism \Su"i*ci*dism\, n.
The quality or state of being suicidal, or self-murdering.
[R.]
Suicism \Su"i*cism\, n. [L. suus one's own.]
Selfishness; egoism. [R.] --Whitlock.
Sui generis \Su"i gen"e*ris\ [L.]
Of his or its own kind.
Suillage \Su"il*lage\, n. [OF. souillage, soillage, fr.
souiller, soiller. See {Soil} to stain, and cf. {Sullage}.]
A drain or collection of filth. [Obs.] [Written also
{sulliage}, and {sullage}.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Suilline \Su"il*line\, a. [L. sus hog.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to a hog or the Hog family ({Suid[ae]}).
Suine \Su"ine\, n. [Cf. {Suint}.]
A mixture of oleomargarine with lard or other fatty
ingredients. It is used as a substitute for butter. See
{Butterine}.
Suing \Su"ing\, n. [Cf. F. suer to sweat, L. sudare.]
The process of soaking through anything. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Suingly \Su"ing*ly\, adv. [See {Sue} to follow.]
In succession; afterwards. [Obs.] --Sir T. More.
Suint \Su"int\, n. [F.] (Chem.)
A peculiar substance obtained from the wool of sheep,
consisting largely of potash mixed with fatty and earthy
matters. It is used as a source of potash and also for the
manufacture of gas.
Suigothus \Su`i*gothus"\, n. pl. [L. Suiones (a Teutonic tribe
in what is now Sweeden) + E. Goth.]
The Scandinavian Goths. See the Note under {Goths}.
Suist \Su"ist\, n. [L. suus belinging to himself or to one's
self.]
One who seeks for things which gratify merely himself; a
selfish person; a selfist. [R.] --Whitlock.
Suit \Suit\, n. [OE. suite, F. suite, OF. suite, sieute, fr.
suivre to follow, OF. sivre; perhaps influenced by L. secta.
See {Sue} to follow, and cf. {Sect}, {Suite}.]
1. The act of following or pursuing, as game; pursuit. [Obs.]
2. The act of suing; the process by which one endeavors to
gain an end or an object; an attempt to attain a certain
result; pursuit; endeavor.
Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shone.
--Spenser.
3. The act of wooing in love; the solicitation of a woman in
marriage; courtship.
Rebate your loves, each rival suit suspend, Till
this funereal web my labors end. --Pope.
4. (Law) The attempt to gain an end by legal process; an
action or process for the recovery of a right or claim;
legal application to a court for justice; prosecution of
right before any tribunal; as, a civil suit; a criminal
suit; a suit in chancery.
I arrest thee at the suit of Count Orsino. --Shak.
In England the several suits, or remedial
instruments of justice, are distinguished into three
kinds -- actions personal, real, and mixed.
--Blackstone.
5. That which follows as a retinue; a company of attendants
or followers; the assembly of persons who attend upon a
prince, magistrate, or other person of distinction; --
often written suite, and pronounced sw[=e]t.
6. Things that follow in a series or succession; the
individual objects, collectively considered, which
constitute a series, as of rooms, buildings, compositions,
etc.; -- often written suite, and pronounced sw[=e]t.
7. A number of things used together, and generally necessary
to be united in order to answer their purpose; a number of
things ordinarily classed or used together; a set; as, a
suit of curtains; a suit of armor; a suit of clothes.
``Two rogues in buckram suits.'' --Shak.
8. (Playing Cards) One of the four sets of cards which
constitute a pack; -- each set consisting of thirteen
cards bearing a particular emblem, as hearts, spades,
cubs, or diamonds.
To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort Her mingled
suits and sequences. --Cowper.
9. Regular order; succession. [Obs.]
Every five and thirty years the same kind and suit
of weather comes again. --Bacon.
{Out of suits}, having no correspondence. [Obs.] --Shak.
{Suit and service} (Feudal Law), the duty of feudatories to
attend the courts of their lords or superiors in time of
peace, and in war to follow them and do military service;
-- called also {suit service}. --Blackstone.
{Suit broker}, one who made a trade of obtaining the suits of
petitioners at court. [Obs.]
{Suit court} (O. Eng. Law), the court in which tenants owe
attendance to their lord.
{Suit covenant} (O. Eng. Law), a covenant to sue at a certain
court.
{Suit custom} (Law), a service which is owed from time
immemorial.
{Suit service}. (Feudal Law) See {Suit and service}, above.
{To bring suit}. (Law)
(a) To bring secta, followers or witnesses, to prove the
plaintiff's demand. [Obs.]
(b) In modern usage, to institute an action.
{To follow suit}. (Card Playing) See under {Follow}, v. t.
Suit \Suit\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suited}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Suiting}.]
1. To fit; to adapt; to make proper or suitable; as, to suit
the action to the word. --Shak.
2. To be fitted to; to accord with; to become; to befit.
Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well.
--Dryden.
Raise her notes to that sublime degree Which suits
song of piety and thee. --Prior.
3. To dress; to clothe. [Obs.]
So went he suited to his watery tomb. --Shak.
4. To please; to make content; as, he is well suited with his
place; to suit one's taste.
Suit \Suit\, v. i.
To agree; to accord; to be fitted; to correspond; -- usually
followed by with or to.
The place itself was suiting to his care. --Dryden.
Give me not an office That suits with me so ill.
--Addison.
Syn: To agree; accord; comport; tally; correspond; match;
answer.
Suitability \Suit`a*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being suitable; suitableness.
Suitable \Suit"a*ble\, a.
Capable of suiting; fitting; accordant; proper; becoming;
agreeable; adapted; as, ornaments suitable to one's station;
language suitable for the subject. -- {Suit"a*ble*ness}, n.
-- {Suit"a*bly}, adv.
Syn: Proper; fitting; becoming; accordant; agreeable;
competent; correspondent; compatible; consonant;
congruous; consistent.
Suite \Suite\, n. [F. See {Suit}, n.]
1. A retinue or company of attendants, as of a distinguished
personage; as, the suite of an ambassador. See {Suit}, n.,
5.
2. A connected series or succession of objects; a number of
things used or clessed together; a set; as, a suite of
rooms; a suite of minerals. See {Suit}, n., 6.
Mr. Barnard took one of the candles that stood upon
the king's table, and lighted his majesty through a
suite of rooms till they came to a private door into
the library. --Boswell.
3. (Mus.) One of the old musical forms, before the time of
the more compact sonata, consisting of a string or series
of pieces all in the same key, mostly in various dance
rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude. Some
composers of the present day affect the suite form.
Suiting \Suit"ing\, n.
Among tailors, cloth suitable for making entire suits of
clothes.
Suitor \Suit"or\, n.
1. One who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an
applicant.
She hath been a suitor to me for her brother.
--Shak.
2. Especially, one who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer;
a lover. --Sir P. Sidney.
3.
(a) (Law) One who sues or prosecutes a demand in court; a
party to a suit, as a plaintiff, petitioner, etc.
(b) (O. Eng. Law) One who attends a court as plaintiff,
defendant, petitioner, appellant, witness, juror, or
the like.
Suitress \Suit"ress\, n.
A female supplicant. --Rowe.
Suji \Su"ji\, n. [Hind. s?f[=i].]
Indian wheat, granulated but not pulverized; a kind of
semolina. [Written also {soojee}.]
Sula \Su"la\, n. [NL., fr. Icel. s?la the gannet. See {Solan
goose}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of sea birds including the booby and the common
gannet.
Sulcate \Sul"cate\, Sulcated \Sul"ca*ted\, a. [L. sulcatus, p.
p. of sulcare to furrow, fr. sulcus a furrow.]
Scored with deep and regular furrows; furrowed or grooved;
as, a sulcated stem.
Sulcation \Sul*ca"tion\, n.
A channel or furrow.
Sulciform \Sul"ci*form\, a.
Having the form of a sulcus; as, sulciform markings.
Sulcus \Sul"cus\, n.; pl. {Sulci}. [L., a furrow.]
A furrow; a groove; a fissure.
Suleah fish \Su"le*ah fish`\ (Zo["o]l.)
A coarse fish of India, used in making a breakfast relish
called burtah.
Sulk \Sulk\, n. [L. sulcus.]
A furrow. [Obs.]
Sulk \Sulk\, v. i. [See {Sulkiness}.]
To be silently sullen; to be morose or obstinate. --T. Hook.
Sulker \Sulk"er\, n.
One who sulks.
Sulkily \Sulk"i*ly\, adv.
In a sulky manner.
Sulkiness \Sulk"i*ness\, n. [For sulkenness, fr. AS. solcen
slothful, remiss, in [=a]solcen, besolcen, properly p. p. of
sealcan in [=a]sealcan to be weak or slothful; of uncertain
origin.]
The quality or state of being sulky; sullenness; moroseness;
as, sulkiness of disposition.
Sulks \Sulks\, n. pl.
The condition of being sulky; a sulky mood or humor; as, to
be in the sulks.
Sulky \Sulk"y\, a. [Compar. {Sulkier}; superl. {Sulkiest}.] [See
{Sulkiness}, and cf. {Sulky}, n.]
Moodly silent; sullen; sour; obstinate; morose; splenetic.
Syn: See {Sullen}.
Sulky \Sulk"y\, n.; pl. {Sulkies}. [From {Sulky}, a.; -- so
called from the owner's desire of riding alone.]
A light two-wheeled carriage for a single person.
Note: Sulky is used adjectively in the names of several
agricultural machines drawn by horses to denote that
the machine is provided with wheels and a seat for the
driver; as, sulky plow; sulky harrow; sulky rake, etc.
Sull \Sull\, n. [AS. suluh, sulh, a plow; cf. OHG. suohili a
little plow.]
A plow. [Obs.] --Ainsworth.
Sullage \Sul"lage\, n. [Cf. {Suillage}, {Sulliage}.]
1. Drainage of filth; filth collected from the street or
highway; sewage. [Obs.]
The streets were exceedingly large, well paved,
having many vaults and conveyances under them for
sullage. --Evelyn.
2. That which sullies or defiles. [Obs.]
It is the privilege of the celestial luminaries to
receive no tincture, sullage, or difilement from the
most noisome sinks and dunghills here below.
--South.
3. (Founding) The scoria on the surface of molten metal in
the ladle.
4. (Hydraul. Engin.) Silt; mud deposited by water.
{Sullage piece} (Founding), the sprue of a casting. See
{Sprue}, n., 1
(b) .
Sullen \Sul"len\, a. [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen;
through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L.
solus alone. See {Sole}, a.]
1. Lonely; solitary; desolate. [Obs.] --Wyclif (Job iii. 14).
2. Gloomy; dismal; foreboding. --Milton.
Solemn hymns so sullen dirges change. --Shak.
3. Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious.
Such sullen planets at my birth did shine. --Dryden.
4. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill
humor; morose.
And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast. --Prior.
5. Obstinate; intractable.
Things are as sullen as we are. --Tillotson.
6. Heavy; dull; sluggish. ``The larger stream was placid, and
even sullen, in its course.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Syn: Sulky; sour; cross; ill-natured; morose; peevish;
fretful; ill-humored; petulant; gloomy; malign;
intractable.
Usage: {Sullen}, {Sulky}. Both sullen and sulky show
themselves in the demeanor. Sullenness seems to be an
habitual sulkiness, and sulkiness a temporary
sullenness. The former may be an innate disposition;
the latter, a disposition occasioned by recent injury.
Thus we are in a sullen mood, and in a sulky fit.
No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows; The
dreaded east is all the wind that blows. --Pope.
-- {Sul"len*ly}, adv. -- {Sul"len*ness}, n.
Sullen \Sul"len\, n.
1. One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit. [Obs.]
--Piers Plowman.
2. pl. Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness; as, to
have the sullens. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sullen \Sul"len\, v. t.
To make sullen or sluggish. [Obs.]
Sullens the whole body with . . . laziness. --Feltham.
Sullevate \Sul"le*vate\, v. t. [L. sublevare to raise up. Cf.
{Sublevation}.]
To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] --Daniel.
Sulliage \Sul"li*age\, n. [Cf. {Sullage}, {Suillage}, or
{Sully}, v. t.]
Foulness; filth. [Obs.]
Though we wipe away with never so much care the dirt
thrown at us, there will be left some sulliage behind.
--Gov. of
Tongue.
Sully \Sul"ly\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sullied}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sullying}.] [OE. sulien, AS. sylian, fr. sol mire; akin to
G. suhle mire, sich, s["u]hlen to wallow, Sw. s["o]la to
bemire, Dan. s["o]le, Goth. bisaulijan to defile.]
To soil; to dirty; to spot; to tarnish; to stain; to darken;
-- used literally and figuratively; as, to sully a sword; to
sully a person's reputation.
Statues sullied yet with sacrilegious smoke.
--Roscommon.
No spots to sully the brightness of this solemnity.
--Atterbury.
Sully \Sul"ly\, v. i.
To become soiled or tarnished.
Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding.
--Bacon.
Sully \Sul"ly\, n.; pl. {Sullies}.
Soil; tarnish; stain.
A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little
spots and sullies in his reputation. --Spectator.
Sulphacid \Sulph*ac"id\, n. [Sulpho- + acid.] (Chem.)
An acid in which, to a greater or less extent, sulphur plays
a part analogous to that of oxygen in an oxyacid; thus,
thiosulphuric and sulpharsenic acids are sulphacids; --
called also {sulphoacid}. See the Note under {Acid}, n., 2.
Sulphamate \Sulph*am"ate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphamic acid.
Sulphamic \Sulph*am"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to a sulphamide; derived from, or related
to, a sulphamide; specifically, designating an amido acid
derivative, {NH2.SO2.OH}, of sulphuric acid (analogous to
sulphonic acid) which is not known in the free state, but is
known in its salts.
Sulphamide \Sulph*am"ide\, n. (Chem.)
Any one of a series of amido compounds obtained by treating
sulphuryl chloride with various amines.
Sulphanilic \Sulph`a*nil"ic\, a. [From sulphuric + anilene.]
(Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anilene sulphonic acid
which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.
Sulphantimonate \Sulph*an`ti*mo"nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphantimonic acid.
Sulphantimonic \Sulph*an`ti*mon"ic\, a. [Sulpho- + antimonic.]
(Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid
of antimony (called also thioantimonic acid) analogous to
sulpharsenic acid.
Sulphantimonious \Sulph*an`ti*mo"ni*ous\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid
of antimony (called also thioantimonious acid) analogous to
sulpharsenious acid.
Sulphantimonite \Sulph*an"ti*mo*nite`\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphantimonious acid.
Sulpharsenate \Sulph*ar"se*nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulpharsenic acid.
Sulpharsenic \Sulph`ar*sen"ic\, a. [Sulpho- + arsenic.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid
(called also thioarsenic acid) analogous to arsenic acid, and
known only in its salts.
Sulpharsenious \Sulph`ar*se"ni*ous\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid
(called also thioarsenious acid) analogous to arsenious acid,
and known only in its salts.
Sulpharsenite \Sulph*ar"se*nite\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulpharsenious acid.
Sulphate \Sul"phate\, n. [NL. sulphas, sulphatis, fr. L.
sulphur, sulfur, brimstone, sulphur: cf. F. sulfate.] (Chem.)
A salt of sulphuric acid.
Sulphatic \Sul*phat"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, a sulphate or
sulphates.
Sulphato- \Sul"pha*to-\ (Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting a sulphate
as an ingredient in certain double salts; as,
sulphato-carbonate. [R.]
Sulphaurate \Sulph*au"rate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphauric acid.
Sulphauric \Sulph*au"ric\, a. [Sulpho- + aurum.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid
of gold (aurum), known only in its salts.
Sulphide \Sul"phide\, n. (Chem.)
A binary compound of sulphur, or one so regarded; -- formerly
called {sulphuret}.
{Double sulphide} (Chem.), a compound of two sulphides.
{Hydrogen sulphide}. (Chem.) See under {Hydrogen}.
{Metallic sulphide}, a binary compound of sulphur with a
metal.
Sulphinate \Sul"phi*nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of a sulphinic acid.
Sulphindigotic \Sulph*in`di*got"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic acid obtained,
as a blue solution, by dissolving indigo in sulphuric acid;
-- formerly called also {cerulic sulphuric} acid, but
properly called {indigo-disulphonic acid}.
Sulphine \Sul"phine\, n. (Chem.)
Any one of a series of basic compounds which consist
essentially of sulphur united with hydrocarbon radicals. In
general they are oily or crystalline deliquescent substances
having a peculiar odor; as, {trimethyl sulphine},
{(CH3)3S.OH}. Cf. {Sulphonium}.
Sulphinic \Sul*phin"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of
acids regarded as acid ethereal salts of hyposulphurous acid;
as, methyl sulphinic acid, {CH3.SO.OH}, a thick unstable
liquid.
Sulphinide \Sul"phi*nide\, n. [Sulpho- + amine + anhydride.]
(Chem.)
A white or yellowish crystalline substance,
{C6H4.(SO2.CO).NH}, produced artificially by the oxidation of
a sulphamic derivative of toluene. It is the sweetest
substance known, having over two hundred times the sweetening
power of sugar, and is known in commerce under the name of
{saccharine}. It has acid properties and forms salts (which
are inaccurately called saccharinates). --I. Remsen.
Sulphion \Sul"phi*on\, n. [Sulpho- + ion.] (Chem.)
A hypothetical radical, {SO4}, regarded as forming the acid
or negative constituent of sulphuric acid and the sulphates
in electrolytic decomposition; -- so called in accordance
with the binary theory of salts. [Written also {sulphione}.]
Sulphionide \Sulph*i"on*ide\, n. (Chem.)
A binary compound of sulphion, or one so regarded; thus,
sulphuric acid, H?SO?, is a sulphionide.
Sulphite \Sul"phite\, n. [Cf. F. sulfite. See {Sulphur}.]
(Chem.)
A salt of sulphurous acid.
Sulpho- \Sul"pho-\ (Chem.)
A prefix (also used adjectively) designating sulphur as an
ingredient in certain compounds. Cf. {Thio-}.
Sulphoarsenic \Sul`pho*ar*sen"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or containing, sulphur and arsenic; --
said of an acid which is the same as arsenic acid with the
substitution of sulphur for oxygen.
Sulphocarbonate \Sul`pho*car"bon*ate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphocarbonic acid; a thiocarbonate.
Sulphocarbonic \Sul`pho*car*bon"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid, {H2CSO2}
(called also {thiocarbonic} acid), or an acid, {H2CS3},
analogous to carbonic acid, obtained as a yellow oily liquid
of a pungent odor, and forming salts.
Sulphocyanate \Sul`pho*cy"a*nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphocyanic acid; -- also called {thiocyanate},
and formerly inaccurately {sulphocyanide}.
{Ferric sulphocyanate} (Chem.), a dark red crystalline
substance usually obtained in a blood-red solution, and
recognized as a test for ferric iron.
Sulphocyanic \Sul`pho*cy*an"ic\, a. [See {Sulphur}, {Cyanic}.]
(Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a sulphacid,
{HSCN}, analogous to cyanic acid, and obtained as a colorless
deliquescent crystalline substance, having a bitter saline
taste, and not poisonous.
Sulphocyanide \Sul`pho*cy"a*nide\, n. (Chem.)
See {Sulphocyanate}.
Sulphocyanogen \Sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen\, n. (Chem.)
See {Persulphocyanogen}. [Obs.]
Sulphonal \Sul"pho*nal\, n. (Med.)
A substance employed as a hypnotic, produced by the union of
mercaptan and acetone.
Sulphonate \Sul"pho*nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphonic acid.
Sulphone \Sul"phone\, n. (Chem.)
Any one of a series of compounds analogous to the ketones,
and consisting of the sulphuryl group united with two
hydrocarbon radicals; as, dimethyl sulphone, (CH?)?.SO?.
Sulphonic \Sul*phon"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, a sulphone; -- used
specifically to designate any one of a series of acids
(regarded as acid ethereal salts of sulphurous acid) obtained
by the oxidation of the mercaptans, or by treating sulphuric
acid with certain aromatic bases (as benzene); as, phenyl
sulphonic acid, {C6H5.SO2.OH}, a stable colorless crystalline
substance.
{Sulphonic group} (Chem.), the hypothetical radical,
{SO2.OH}, the characteristic residue of sulphonic acids.
Sulphonium \Sul*pho"ni*um\, n. [Sulphur + ammonium.] (Chem.)
A hypothetical radical, {SH3}, regarded as the type and
nucleus of the sulphines.
Sulphophosphate \Sul`pho*phos"phate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphophosphoric acid.
Sulphophosphite \Sul`pho*phos"phite\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphophosphorous acid.
Sulphophosphoric \Sul`pho*phos*phor"ic\, a.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid
of phosphorus, analogous to phosphoric acid, and known in its
salts.
Sulphophosphorous \Sul`pho*phos"phor*ous\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical acid of
phosphorus, analogous to phosphorous acid, and known in its
salts.
Sulphosalt \Sul"pho*salt`\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of a sulphacid.
Sulphostannate \Sul`pho*stan"nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphostannic acid.
Sulphostannic \Sul`pho*stan"nic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid of tin (more
exactly called metasulphostannic acid), which is obtained as
a dark brown amorphous substance, H?SnS?, forming a
well-known series of salts.
Sulphotungstate \Sul`pho*tung"state\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sulphotungstic acid.
Sulphotungstic \Sul`pho*tung"stic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, hypothetical sulphacid of
tungsten (called also sulphowolframic acid), analogous to
sulphuric acid, and known in its salts.
Sulphovinic \Sul`pho*vin"ic\, a. [Sulpho- + vinum wine: cf. F.
sulfovinique.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, and formerly designating, ethylsulphuric
acid.
Sulphur \Sul"phur\, n. [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]
1. (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large
quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as
pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic
regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy
materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic
weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral
sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.
Note: It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a
lemon-yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or
flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll
sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a
peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of
gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine
(as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is
in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be
obtained in two crystalline modifications, in
orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the
former of which is the more stable at ordinary
temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical
relations, of a group of elements, including selenium
and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group,
or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange
butterflies of the subfamily {Pierin[ae]}; as, the clouded
sulphur ({Eurymus, or Colias, philodice}), which is the
common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United States.
{Amorphous sulphur} (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of
a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur
into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle
crystalline modification.
{Liver of sulphur}. (Old Chem.) See {Hepar}.
{Sulphur acid}. (Chem.) See {Sulphacid}.
{Sulphur alcohol}. (Chem.) See {Mercaptan}.
{Sulphur auratum} [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder,
consisting of antimonic sulphide, {Sb2S5}, -- formerly a
famous nostrum.
{Sulphur base} (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of
acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts
according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic]
{Sulphur dioxide} (Chem.), a colorless gas, {SO2}, of a
pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of
sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of
sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called
also {sulphurous anhydride}, and formerly {sulphurous
acid}.
{Sulphur ether} (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals,
formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but
with sulphur in the place of oxygen.
{Sulphur salt} (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt.
{Sulphur showers}, showers of yellow pollen, resembling
sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by
the wind to a great distance.
{Sulphur trioxide} (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, {SO3},
obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in
water with a hissing noise and the production of heat,
forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating
agent. Called also {sulphuric anhydride}, and formerly
{sulphuric acid}.
{Sulphur whale}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Sulphur-bottom}.
{Vegetable sulphur} (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under
{Lycopodium}.
Sulphurate \Sul"phu*rate\, a. [L. sulphuratus, sulfuratus.]
Sulphureous. [Poetic & R.] --Dr. H. More.
Sulphurate \Sul"phu*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sulphurated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sulphurating}.] (Chem.)
To sulphurize. [Archaic]
Sulphuration \Sul`phu*ra"tion\, n. [Cf. F. sulfuration, L.
sulphuratio, sulfuratio, a vein of sulphur.]
The act or process of combining or impregnating with sulphur
or its compounds; also, the state of being so combined or
impregnated.
Sulphurator \Sul"phu*ra`tor\, n.
An apparatus for impregnating with, or exposing to the action
of, sulphur; especially, an apparatus for fumigating or
bleaching by means of the fumes of burning sulphur.
Sulphur-bottom \Sul`phur-bot"tom\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A very large whalebone whale of the genus {Sibbaldius},
having a yellowish belly; especially, {S. sulfureus} of the
North Pacific, and {S. borealis} of the North Atlantic; --
called also {sulphur whale}.
Sulphureity \Sul`phu*re"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being sulphureous. [Obs.] --B.
Jonson.
Sulphureous \Sul*phu"re*ous\, a. [L. sulphureus, sulfureus.]
Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur, or
brimstone; impregnated with sulphur.
Her snakes united, sulphureous waters drink. --Pope.
-- {Sul*phu"re*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Sul*phu"re*ous*ness}, n.
Sulphuret \Sul"phu*ret\, n. (Chem.)
A sulphide; as, a sulphuret of potassium. [Obsoles.]
Sulphureted \Sul"phu*ret`ed\, a. (Chem.)
Combined or impregnated with sulphur; sulphurized. [Written
also {sulphuretted}.]
{Sulphureted hydrogen}. (Chem.) See {Hydrogen sulphide},
under {Hydrogen}.
Sulphuric \Sul*phu"ric\, a. [Cf. F. sulfurique.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.
2. (Chem.) Derived from, or containing, sulphur;
specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with the
sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid.
{Sulphuric acid}.
(a) Sulphur trioxide (see under {Sulphur}); -- formerly so
called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.]
(b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, {H2SO4}, colorless
when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced
by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen
(from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks
and dissolves many metals and other intractable
substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and
is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric
acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also
powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity
for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood,
clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of
ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin.
It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron
scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and
in general its manufacture is the most important and
fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly
called {vitriolic acid}, and now popularly {vitriol},
and {oil of vitriol}.
{Fuming sulphuric acid}, or {Nordhausen sulphuric acid}. See
{Disulphuric acid}, under {Disulphuric}.
{Sulphuric anhydride}, sulphur trioxide. See under {Sulphur}.
{Sulphuric ether}, common an[ae]sthetic ether; -- so called
because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on
alcohol. See {Ether}, 3
(a) .
Sulphurine \Sul"phur*ine\, a.
Sulphureous. [R.]
Sulphuring \Sul"phur*ing\, n.
Exposure to the fumes of burning sulphur, as in bleaching;
the process of bleaching by exposure to the fumes of sulphur.
Sulphurize \Sul"phur*ize\, v. t. (Chem.)
To combine or impregnate with sulphur or any of its
compounds; as, to sulphurize caoutchouc in vulcanizing.
Sulphurous \Sul"phur*ous\, a. [L. sulphurosus, sulfurosus: cf.
F. sulfureux.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur.
2. (Chem.)
(a) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically,
designating those compounds in which the element has a
lower valence as contrasted with the sulphuric
compounds.
(b) Having the characteristic odor of sulphur dioxide, or
of hydrogen sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds.
{Sulphurous acid}.
(a) Sulphur dioxide. See under {Sulphur}. [Obs.]
(b) An acid, {H2SO3}, not known in the free state except
as a solution of sulphur dioxide in water, but forming
a well-known series of salts (the sulphites).
{Sulphurous anhydride} (Chem.), sulphur dioxide. See under
{Sulphur}.
Sulphurwort \Sul"phur*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
The hog's fennel. See under {Fennel}.
Sulphury \Sul"phur*y\, a.
Resembling, or partaking of the nature of, sulphur; having
the qualities of sulphur.
Sulphuryl \Sul"phur*yl\, n. [Sulphur + -yl.] (Chem.)
The hypothetical radical {SO2}; -- called also {sulphon}.
{Sulphuryl chloride}, a chloride, pungent, fuming liquid,
{SO2.Cl2}, obtained by the action of phosphorus
pentachloride on sulphur trioxide. On treatment with water
it decomposes into sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, and
is hence called also {sulphuric chloranhydride}.
Sulphydrate \Sul*phy"drate\, n. (Chem.)
A compound, analogous to a hydrate, regarded as a salt of
sulphydric acid, or as a derivative of hydrogen sulphide in
which one half of the hydrogen is replaced by a base (as
potassium sulphydrate, {KSH}), or as a hydrate in which the
oxygen has been wholly or partially replaced by sulphur.
Sulphydric \Sul*phy"dric\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen sulphide, which
is regarded as an acid, especially when in solution.
Sulpician \Sul*pi"cian\, n. [So called after the parish of St.
Sulpice in Paris, of which the founder, Jean Jacques Olier,
was pastor in 1643.] (R. C. Ch.)
One of an order of priests established in France in 1642 to
educate men for the ministry. The order was introduced soon
afterwards into Canada, and in 1791 into the United States.
[Written also {Sulpitian}.]
Sultan \Sul"tan\, n. [F. sultan (cf. Sp. soldan, It. sultano,
soldano), Ar. sult[=a]n sultan, dominion. Cf. {Soldan}.]
A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically,
the ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; --
officially so called.
{Sultan flower}. (Bot.) See {Sweet sultan}, under {Sweet}.
Sultana \Sul*ta"na\, n. [It.]
1. The wife of a sultan; a sultaness.
2. pl. A kind of seedless raisin produced near Smyrna in
Asiatic Turkey.
{Sultana bird} (Zo["o]l.), the hyacinthine, or purple,
gallinule. See Illust. under {Gallinule}.
Sultanate \Sul"tan*ate\, n. [Cf. F. sultanat.]
The rule or dominion of a sultan; sultanship.
Sultaness \Sul"tan*ess\, n.
A sultana.
Sultanic \Sul*tan"ic\, a.
Pertaining to a sultan.
Sultan-red \Sul"tan-red`\, a.
Having a deep red color.
Sultanry \Sul"tan*ry\, n.
The dominions of a sultan. --Bacon.
Sultanship \Sul"tan*ship\, n.
The office or dignity of a sultan.
Sultany \Sul"tan*y\, n.
Sultanry. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Sultryly \Sul"try*ly\, adv.
In a sultry manner.
Sultriness \Sul"tri*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sultry.
Sultry \Sul"try\, a. [Compar. {Sultrier}; superl. {Sultriest}.]
[From {Sweltry}.]
1. Very hot, burning, and oppressive; as, Libya's sultry
deserts.
Such as, born beneath the burning sky And sultry
sun, betwixt the tropics lie. --Dryden.
2. Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant, and
oppressive, as air.
When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty
mountain plant. --Addison.
Sum \Sum\, n. [OE. summe, somme, OF. sume, some, F. somme, L.
summa, fr. summus highest, a superlative from sub under. See
{Sub-}, and cf. {Supreme}.]
1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes,
quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any
number of individuals or particulars added together; as,
the sum of 5 and 7 is 12.
Take ye the sum of all the congregation. --Num. i.
2.
Note: Sum is now commonly applied to an aggregate of numbers,
and number to an aggregate of persons or things.
2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely;
as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum. ``The sum
of forty pound.'' --Chaucer.
With a great sum obtained I this freedom. --Acts
xxii. 28.
3. The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the
amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of
all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and
substance of his objections.
4. Height; completion; utmost degree.
Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought My
story to the sum of earthly bliss. --Milton.
5. (Arith.) A problem to be solved, or an example to be
wrought out. --Macaulay.
A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a
particular point is ipso facto fatal to the whole.
--Gladstone.
A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long sums.
--Dickens.
{Algebraic sum}, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the
aggregate of two or more numbers or quantities taken with
regard to their signs, as + or -, according to the rules
of addition in algebra; thus, the algebraic sum of -2, 8,
and -1 is 5.
{In sum}, in short; in brief. [Obs.] ``In sum, the gospel . .
. prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids
every sin.'' --Rogers.
Sum \Sum\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Summed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Summing}.] [Cf. F. sommer, LL. summare.]
1. To bring together into one whole; to collect into one
amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain
the totality of; -- usually with up.
The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour
doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day.
--Bacon.
2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a
few words; to condense; -- usually with up.
``Go to the ant, thou sluggard,'' in few words sums
up the moral of this fable. --L'Estrange.
He sums their virtues in himself alone. --Dryden.
3. (Falconry) To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish
with complete, or full-grown, plumage.
But feathered soon and fledge They summed their pens
[wings]. --Milton.
{Summing up}, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a
r['e]sum['e]; a summary.
Syn: To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend;
compute.
Sumac \Su"mac\, Sumach \Su"mach\, n. [F. sumac, formerly sumach
(cf. Sp. zumaque), fr. Ar. summ[=a]q.] [Written also
{shumac}.]
1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus {Rhus}, shrubs or small
trees with usually compound leaves and clusters of small
flowers. Some of the species are used in tanning, some in
dyeing, and some in medicine. One, the Japanese {Rhus
vernicifera}, yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or
lacquer.
2. The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches of
certain species of the sumac plant, used in tanning and
dyeing.
{Poison sumac}. (Bot.) See under {Poison}.
Sumatran \Su*ma"tran\, a.
Of or pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants. -- n. A
native of Sumatra.
Sumbul \Sum"bul\, n. [Pers.]
The musky root of an Asiatic umbelliferous plant, {Ferula
Sumbul}. It is used in medicine as a stimulant. [Written also
{sumbal}.] -- {Sum*bul"ic}, a.
Sumless \Sum"less\, a.
Not to be summed up or computed; so great that the amount can
not be ascertained; incalculable; inestimable. ``Sumless
treasure.'' --Pope.
Summarily \Sum"ma*ri*ly\, adv.
In a summary manner.
Summarist \Sum"ma*rist\, n.
One who summarized.
Summarize \Sum"ma*rize\, v. t.
To comprise in, or reduce to, a summary; to present briefly.
--Chambers.
Summary \Sum"ma*ry\, a. [Cf. F. sommaire. See {Sum}.]
1. Formed into a sum; summed up; reduced into a narrow
compass, or into few words; short; brief; concise;
compendious; as, a summary statement of facts.
2. Hence, rapidly performed; quickly executed; as, a summary
process; to take summary vengeance.
Syn: Short; brief; concise; compendious; succinct.
Summary \Sum"ma*ry\, n.; pl. {Summaries}. [F. sommaire, or L.
summarium. See {Summary}, a.]
A general or comprehensive statement; an abridged account; an
abstract, abridgment, or compendium, containing the sum or
substance of a fuller account.
Summation \Sum*ma"tion\, n. [Cf. F. sommation. See {Sum}, v. t.]
The act of summing, or forming a sum, or total amount; also,
an aggregate.
Of this series no summation is possible to a finite
intellect. --De Quincey.
Summer \Sum"mer\, n. [From {Sum}, v.]
One who sums; one who casts up an account.
Summer \Sum"mer\, n. [F. sommier a rafter, the same word as
sommier a beast of burden. See {Sumpter}.] (Arch.)
A large stone or beam placed horizontally on columns, piers,
posts, or the like, serving for various uses. Specifically:
(a) The lintel of a door or window.
(b) The commencement of a cross vault.
(c) A central floor timber, as a girder, or a piece reaching
from a wall to a girder. Called also {summertree}.
Summer \Sum"mer\, n. [OE. sumer, somer, AS. sumor, sumer; akin
to OFries. sumur, D. zomer, OS. sumar, G. sommer, OHG. &
Icel. sumar, Dan. sommer, Sw. sommar, W. haf, Zend hama, Skr.
sam[=a] year. [root]292.]
The season of the year in which the sun shines most directly
upon any region; the warmest period of the year.
Note: North of the equator summer is popularly taken to
include the months of June, July, and August.
Astronomically it may be considered, in the northern
hemisphere, to begin with the summer solstice, about
June 21st, and to end with the autumnal equinox, about
September 22d.
{Indian summer}, in North America, a period of warm weather
late in autumn, usually characterized by a clear sky, and
by a hazy or smoky appearance of the atmosphere,
especially near the horizon. The name is derived probably
from the custom of the Indians of using this time in
preparation for winter by laying in stores of food.
{Saint Martin's summer}. See under {Saint}.
{Summer bird} (Zo["o]l.), the wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]
{Summer colt}, the undulating state of the air near the
surface of the ground when heated. [Eng.]
{Summer complaint} (Med.), a popular term for any diarrheal
disorder occurring in summer, especially when produced by
heat and indigestion.
{Summer coot} (Zo["o]l.), the American gallinule. [Local,
U.S.]
{Summer cypress} (Bot.), an annual plant ({Kochia Scoparia})
of the Goosefoot family. It has narrow, ciliate, crowded
leaves, and is sometimes seen in gardens.
{Summer duck}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The wood duck.
(b) The garganey, or summer teal. See Illust. of {Wood duck},
under {Wood}.
{Summer fallow}, land uncropped and plowed, etc., during the
summer, in order to pulverize the soil and kill the weeds.
{Summer rash} (Med.), prickly heat. See under {Prickly}.
{Summer sheldrake} (Zo["o]l.), the hooded merganser. [Local,
U.S.]
{Summer snipe}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The dunlin.
(b) The common European sandpiper.
(c) The green sandpiper.
{Summer tanager} (Zo["o]l.), a singing bird ({Piranga rubra})
native of the Middle and Southern United States. The male
is deep red, the female is yellowish olive above and
yellow beneath. Called also {summer redbird}.
{Summer teal} (Zo["o]l.), the blue-winged teal. [Local, U.S.]
{Summer wheat}, wheat that is sown in the spring, and matures
during the summer following. See {Spring wheat}.
{Summer yellowbird}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Yellowbird}.
Summer \Sum"mer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Summered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Summering}.]
To pass the summer; to spend the warm season; as, to summer
in Switzerland.
The fowls shall summer upon them. --Isa. xviii.
6.
Summer \Sum"mer\, v. t.
To keep or carry through the summer; to feed during the
summer; as, to summer stock.
Summer-fallow \Sum"mer-fal"low\, v. t.
To plow and work in summer, in order to prepare for wheat or
other crop; to plow and let lie fallow.
Summerhouse \Sum"mer*house`\, n.; pl. {Summerhouses}.
A rustic house or apartment in a garden or park, to be used
as a pleasure resort in summer. --Shak.
Summerliness \Sum"mer*li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being like summer. [R.] --Fuller.
Summersault \Sum"mer*sault\, Summerset \Sum"mer*set\, n.
See {Somersault}, {Somerset}.
Summerstir \Sum"mer*stir`\, v. t.
To summer-fallow.
Summertide \Sum"mer*tide`\, n.
Summer time.
Summertree \Sum"mer*tree`\, n. [Summer a beam + tree.] (Arch.)
A summer. See 2d {Summer}.
Summery \Sum"mer*y\, a.
Of or pertaining to summer; like summer; as, a summery day.
Summist \Sum"mist\, n.
One who sums up; one who forms an abridgment or summary.
--Sir E. Dering.
Summit \Sum"mit\, n. [F. sommet, dim. of OF. som, sum, top, from
L. summum, from summus highest. See {Sum}, n.]
1. The top; the highest point.
Fixed on the summit of the highest mount. --Shak.
2. The highest degree; the utmost elevation; the acme; as,
the summit of human fame.
3. (Zo["o]l.) The most elevated part of a bivalve shell, or
the part in which the hinge is situated.
{Summit level}, the highest level of a canal, a railroad, or
the like, in surmounting an ascent.
Summitless \Sum"mit*less\, a.
Having no summit.
Summity \Sum"mit*y\, n. [L. summitas, fr. summus highest: cf. F.
sommit['e]. See {Sum}, n.]
1. The height or top of anything. [Obs.] --Swift.
2. The utmost degree; perfection. [Obs.] --Hallywell.
Summon \Sum"mon\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Summoned}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Summoning}.] [OE. somonen, OF. sumundre, semondre, F.
semondre, from (assumed) LL. summon[e^]re, for L.
summon[=e]re to give a hint; sub under + monere to admonish,
to warn. See {Monition}, and cf. {Submonish}.]
1. To call, bid, or cite; to notify to come to appear; --
often with up.
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. --Shak.
Trumpets summon him to war. --Dryden.
2. To give notice to, or command to appear, as in court; to
cite by authority; as, to summon witnesses.
3. (Mil.) To call upon to surrender, as a fort.
Syn: To call; cite; notify; convene; convoke; excite; invite;
bid. See {Call}.
Summoner \Sum"mon*er\, n. [OE. somner, sompnour, OF. semoneor,
F. semonneur. See {Summon}, v. t.]
One who summons; one who cites by authority; specifically, a
petty officer formerly employed to summon persons to appear
in court; an apparitor.
Summons \Sum"mons\, n.; pl. {Summonses}. [OE. somouns, OF.
sumunse, semonse, semonce, F. semonce, semondre to summon,
OF. p. p. semons. See {Summon}, v.]
1. The act of summoning; a call by authority, or by the
command of a superior, to appear at a place named, or to
attend to some duty.
Special summonses by the king. --Hallam.
This summons . . . unfit either to dispute or
disobey. --Bp. Fell.
He sent to summon the seditious, and to offer
pardon; but neither summons nor pardon was regarded.
--Sir J.
Hayward.
2. (Law) A warning or citation to appear in court; a written
notification signed by the proper officer, to be served on
a person, warning him to appear in court at a day
specified, to answer to the plaintiff, testify as a
witness, or the like.
3. (Mil.) A demand to surrender.
Summons \Sum"mons\, v. t.
To summon. [R. or Colloq.] --Swift.
Sumner \Sum"ner\, n.
A summoner. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Sumoom \Su*moom"\, n.
See {Simoom}.
Sump \Sump\, n. [Cf. G. sumpf a sump in a mine, a swamp, akin to
LG. sump, D. somp a swamp, Dan. & Sw. sump, and perhaps to E.
swamp.]
1. (Metal.) A round pit of stone, lined with clay, for
receiving the metal on its first fusion. --Ray.
2. The cistern or reservoir made at the lowest point of a
mine, from which is pumped the water which accumulates
there.
3. A pond of water for salt works. --Knight.
4. A puddle or dirty pool. [Prov. Eng.]
{Sump fuse}, a fuse used in blasting under water.
{Sump men} (Mining), the men who sink the sump in a mine.
Sumph \Sumph\, n.
A dunce; a blockhead. [Scot.]
Sumpitan \Sum"pi*tan\, n.
A kind of blowgun for discharging arrows, -- used by the
savages of Borneo and adjacent islands.
Sumpter \Sump"ter\, n. [OF. sommetier the driver of a pack
horse; akin to OF. & F. sommier a pack horse, L. sagmarius,
fr. sagma a pack saddle, in LL., a load, Gr. ? a pack saddle,
fr. ? to pack, load; cf. Skr. saj, sa[~n]j, to hang on. Cf.
{Seam} a weight, {Summer} a beam.]
1. The driver of a pack horse. [Obs.] --Skeat.
2. A pack; a burden. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
3. An animal, especially a horse, that carries packs or
burdens; a baggage horse. --Holinshed.
Sumpter \Sump"ter\, a.
Carrying pack or burdens on the back; as, a sumpter horse; a
sumpter mule. --Bacon.
Sumption \Sump"tion\, n. [L. sumptio, fr. sumere, sumptum, to
take.]
1. A taking. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.
2. (Logic) The major premise of a syllogism.
Sumptuary \Sump"tu*a*ry\, a. [L. sumptuarius, fr. sumptus
expense, cost, fr. sumere, sumptum, to take, use, spend; sub
under + emere to take, buy: cf. F. somptuaire. See {Redeem}.]
Relating to expense; regulating expense or expenditure.
--Bacon.
{Sumptuary} {laws or regulations}, laws intended to restrain
or limit the expenditure of citizens in apparel, food,
furniture, etc.; laws which regulate the prices of
commodities and the wages of labor; laws which forbid or
restrict the use of certain articles, as of luxurious
apparel.
Sumptuosity \Sump`tu*os"i*ty\, n. [L. sumptuositas: cf. F.
somptuosit['e].]
Expensiveness; costliness; sumptuousness. [R.] --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Sumptuous \Sump"tu*ous\, a. [L. sumptuosus, fr. sumptus expanse,
cost: cf. F. somptueux. See {Sumptuary}.]
Involving large outlay or expense; costly; expensive; hence,
luxurious; splendid; magnificient; as, a sumptuous house or
table; sumptuous apparel.
We are too magnificient and sumptuous in our tables and
attendance. --Atterbury.
She spoke, and turned her sumptuous head, with eyes Of
shining expectation fixed on mine. --Tennyson.
-- {Sump"tu*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Sump"tu*ous*ness}, n.
Sun \Sun\, n. (Bot.)
See {Sunn}.
Sun \Sun\, n. [OE. sunne, sonne, AS. sunne; akin to OFries.
sunne, D. zon, OS. & OHG. sunna, G. sonne, Icel. sunna, Goth.
sunna; perh. fr. same root as L. sol. [root]297. Cf. {Solar},
{South}.]
1. The luminous orb, the light of which constitutes day, and
its absence night; the central body round which the earth
and planets revolve, by which they are held in their
orbits, and from which they receive light and heat. Its
mean distance from the earth is about 92,500,000 miles,
and its diameter about 860,000.
Note: Its mean apparent diameter as seen from the earth is
32' 4[sec], and it revolves on its own axis once in
251/3 days. Its mean density is about one fourth of
that of the earth, or 1.41, that of water being unity.
Its luminous surface is called the photosphere, above
which is an envelope consisting partly of hydrogen,
called the chromosphere, which can be seen only through
the spectroscope, or at the time of a total solar
eclipse. Above the chromosphere, and sometimes
extending out millions of miles, are luminous rays or
streams of light which are visible only at the time of
a total eclipse, forming the solar corona.
2. Any heavenly body which forms the center of a system of
orbs.
3. The direct light or warmth of the sun; sunshine.
Lambs that did frisk in the sun. --Shak.
4. That which resembles the sun, as in splendor or
importance; any source of light, warmth, or animation.
For the Lord God is a sun and shield. --Ps. lxxiv.
11.
I will never consent to put out the sun of
sovereignity to posterity. --Eikon
Basilike.
{Sun and planet wheels} (Mach.), an ingenious contrivance for
converting reciprocating motion, as that of the working
beam of a steam engine, into rotatory motion. It consists
of a toothed wheel (called the sun wheel), firmly secured
to the shaft it is desired to drive, and another wheel
(called the planet wheel) secured to the end of a
connecting rod. By the motion of the connecting rod, the
planet wheel is made to circulate round the central wheel
on the shaft, communicating to this latter a velocity of
revolution the double of its own. --G. Francis.
{Sun angel} (Zo["o]l.), a South American humming bird of the
genus {Heliangelos}, noted for its beautiful colors and
the brilliant luster of the feathers of its throat.
{Sun animalcute}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Heliozoa}.
{Sun bath} (Med.), exposure of a patient to the sun's rays;
insolation.
{Sun bear} (Zo["o]l.), a species of bear ({Helarctos
Malayanus}) native of Southern Asia and Borneo. It has a
small head and short neck, and fine short glossy fur,
mostly black, but brownish on the nose. It is easily
tamed. Called also {bruang}, and {Malayan bear}.
{Sun beetle} (Zo["o]l.), any small lustrous beetle of the
genus {Amara}.
{Sun bittern} (Zo["o]l.), a singular South American bird
({Eurypyga helias}), in some respects related both to the
rails and herons. It is beautifully variegated with white,
brown, and black. Called also {sunbird}, and {tiger
bittern}.
{Sun fever} (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sun
stroke.
{Sun gem} (Zo["o]l.), a Brazilian humming bird ({Heliactin
cornutus}). Its head is ornamented by two tufts of bright
colored feathers, fiery crimson at the base and greenish
yellow at the tip. Called also {Horned hummer}.
{Sun grebe} (Zo["o]l.), the finfoot.
{Sun picture}, a picture taken by the agency of the sun's
rays; a photograph.
{Sun spots} (Astron.), dark spots that appear on the sun's
disk, consisting commonly of a black central portion with
a surrounding border of lighter shade, and usually seen
only by the telescope, but sometimes by the naked eye.
They are very changeable in their figure and dimensions,
and vary in size from mere apparent points to spaces of
50,000 miles in diameter. The term sun spots is often used
to include bright spaces (called facul[ae]) as well as
dark spaces (called macul[ae]). Called also {solar spots}.
See Illustration in Appendix.
{Sun star} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
starfishes belonging to {Solaster}, {Crossaster}, and
allied genera, having numerous rays.
{Sun trout} (Zo["o]l.), the squeteague.
{Sun wheel}. (Mach.) See {Sun and planet wheels}, above.
{Under the sun}, in the world; on earth. ``There is no new
thing under the sun.'' --Eccl. i. 9.
Note: Sun is often used in the formation of compound
adjectives of obvious meaning; as, sun-bright,
sun-dried, sun-gilt, sunlike, sun-lit, sun-scorched,
and the like.
Sun \Sun\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sunned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sunning}.]
To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the sun; as,
to sun cloth; to sun grain.
Then to sun thyself in open air. --Dryden.
Sunbeam \Sun"beam`\, n. [AS. sunnebeam.]
A beam or ray of the sun. ``Evening sunbeams.'' --Keble.
Thither came Uriel, gliding through the even On a
sunbeam. --Milton.
Sunbird \Sun"bird`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of small brilliantly colored
birds of the family {Nectariniid[ae]}, native of Africa,
Southern Asia, the East Indies, and Australia. In
external appearance and habits they somewhat resemble
humming birds, but they are true singing birds (Oscines).
(b) The sun bittern.
Sunblink \Sun"blink`\, n.
A glimpse or flash of the sun. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Sunbonnet \Sun"bon"net\, n.
A bonnet, generally made of some thin or light fabric,
projecting beyond the face, and commonly having a cape, --
worn by women as a protection against the sun.
Sunbow \Sun"bow`\, n.
A rainbow; an iris. --Byron.
Sunburn \Sun"burn`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sunburned}or
{Sunburnt}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Sunburning}.]
To burn or discolor by the sun; to tan.
Sunburnt and swarthy though she be. --Dryden.
Sunburn \Sun"burn`\, n.
The burning or discoloration produced on the skin by the heat
of the sun; tan.
Sun-burner \Sun"-burn`er\, n.
A circle or cluster of gas-burners for lighting and
ventilating public buildings.
Sunburning \Sun"burn`ing\, n.
Sunburn; tan. --Boyle.
Sunburst \Sun"burst`\, n.
A burst of sunlight.
Sundart \Sun"dart`\, n.
Sunbeam. [R.] --Mrs. Hemans.
Sunday \Sun"day\, n. [AS. sunnand[ae]g; sunne, gen. sunnan, the
sun + d[ae]g day; akin to D. zondag, G. sonntag; -- so called
because this day was anciently dedicated to the sun, or to
its worship. See {Sun}, and {Day}.]
The first day of the week, -- consecrated among Christians to
rest from secular employments, and to religious worship; the
Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day.
{Advent Sunday}, {Low Sunday}, {Passion Sunday}, etc. See
under {Advent}, {Low}, etc.
Syn: See {Sabbath}.
Sunday \Sun"day\, a.
Belonging to the Christian Sabbath.
{Sunday letter}. See {Dominical letter}, under {Dominical}.
{Sunday school}. See under {School}.
Sunder \Sun"der\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sundered}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Sundering}.] [OE. sundren, AS. sundrain (in [=a]sundrain,
gesundrain), from sundor asunder, separately, apart; akin to
D. zonder, prep., without, G. sonder separate, as prep.,
without, sondern but, OHG. suntar separately, Icel. sundr
asunder, Sw. & Dan. s["o]nder, Goth. sundr[=o] alone,
separately.]
To disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting,
or breaking; to part; to put or keep apart; to separate; to
divide; to sever; as, to sunder a rope; to sunder a limb; to
sunder friends.
It is sundered from the main land by a sandy plain.
--Carew.
Sunder \Sun"der\, v. i.
To part; to separate. [R.] --Shak.
Sunder \Sun"der\, n. [See {Sunder}, v. t., and cf. {Asunder}.]
A separation into parts; a division or severance.
{In sunder}, into parts. ``He breaketh the bow, and cutteth
the spear in sunder.'' --Ps. xlvi. 9.
Sunder \Sun"der\, v. t.
To expose to the sun and wind. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Sundew \Sun"dew`\, n. (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus Drosera, low bog plants whose leaves
are beset with pediceled glands which secrete a viscid fluid
that glitters like dewdrops and attracts and detains insects.
After an insect is caught, the glands curve inward like
tentacles and the leaf digests it. Called also {lustwort}.
Sundial \Sun"di`al\, n.
An instrument to show the time of day by means of the shadow
of a gnomon, or style, on a plate.
{Sundial shell} (Zo["o]l.), any shell of the genus Solarium.
See {Solarium}.
Sundog \Sun"dog`\, n. (Meteorol.)
A luminous spot occasionally seen a few degrees from the sun,
supposed to be formed by the intersection of two or more
halos, or in a manner similar to that of halos.
Sundown \Sun"down`\, n.
1. The setting of the sun; sunset. ``When sundown skirts the
moor.'' --Tennyson.
2. A kind of broad-brimmed sun hat worn by women.
Sun-dried \Sun"-dried`\, a.
Dried by the heat of the sun. ``Sun-dried brick.'' --Sir T.
Herbert.
Sundries \Sun"dries\, n. pl.
Many different or small things; sundry things.
Sundrily \Sun"dri*ly\, adv.
In sundry ways; variously.
Sundry \Sun"dry\, a. [OE. sundry, sondry, AS. syndrig, fr.
sundor asunder. See {Sunder}, v. t.]
1. Several; divers; more than one or two; various. ``Sundry
wines.'' --Chaucer. ``Sundry weighty reasons.'' --Shak.
With many a sound of sundry melody. --Chaucer.
Sundry foes the rural realm surround. --Dryden.
2. Separate; diverse. [Obs.]
Every church almost had the Bible of a sundry
translation. --Coleridge.
{All and sundry}, all collectively, and each separately.
Sundryman \Sun"dry*man\, n.; pl. {Sundrymen}.
One who deals in sundries, or a variety of articles.
Sunfish \Sun"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A very large oceanic plectognath fish ({Mola mola}, {Mola
rotunda}, or {Orthagoriscus mola}) having a broad body
and a truncated tail.
(b) Any one of numerous species of perch-like North American
fresh-water fishes of the family {Centrachid[ae]}. They
have a broad, compressed body, and strong dorsal spines.
Among the common species of the Eastern United States are
{Lepomis gibbosus} (called also {bream}, {pondfish},
{pumpkin seed}, and {sunny}), the blue sunfish, or
dollardee ({L. pallidus}), and the long-eared sunfish
({L. auritus}). Several of the species are called also
{pondfish}.
(c) The moonfish, or bluntnosed shiner.
(d) The opah.
(e) The basking, or liver, shark.
(f) Any large jellyfish.
Sunflower \Sun"flow`er\, n.
Any plant of the genus {Helianthus}; -- so called probably
from the form and color of its flower, which is large disk
with yellow rays. The commonly cultivated sunflower is
{Helianthus annuus}, a native of America.
Sung \Sung\,
imp. & p. p. of {Sing}.
Sunglass \Sun"glass`\, n.; pl. {Sunglasses}.
A convex lens of glass for producing heat by converging the
sun's rays into a focus. ``Lighting a cigar with a
sunglass.'' --Hawthorne.
Sunglow \Sun"glow`\, n.
A rosy flush in the sky seen after sunset.
Sunk \Sunk\,
imp. & p. p. of {Sink}.
{Sunk fence}, a ditch with a retaining wall, used to divide
lands without defacing a landscape; a ha-ha.
Sunken \Sunk"en\, a.
Lying on the bottom of a river or other water; sunk.
Sunless \Sun"less\, a.
Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded;
shadowed.
The sunken glen whose sunless shrubs must weep.
--Byron.
Sunlight \Sun"light`\, n.
The light of the sun. --Milton.
Sunlike \Sun"like`\, a.
Like or resembling the sun. ``A spot of sunlike brilliancy.''
--Tyndall.
Sunlit \Sun"lit`\, a.
Lighted by the sun.
Sunn \Sunn\, n. [Hind. san, fr. Skr. [,c]ana.] (Bot.)
An East Indian leguminous plant ({Crotalaria juncea}) and its
fiber, which is also called {sunn hemp}. [Written also
{sun}.]
Sunna \Sun"na\, n. [Ar. sunnah rule, law.]
A collection of traditions received by the orthodox
Mohammedans as of equal authority with the Koran.
Sunniah \Sun"ni*ah\, n.
One of the sect of Sunnites.
Sunniness \Sun"ni*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being sunny.
Sunnite \Sun"nite\, n.
One of the orthodox Mohammedans who receive the Sunna as of
equal importance with the Koran.
Sunnud \Sun"nud\, n. [Hind., fr. Ar. sanad.]
A charter or warrant; also, a deed of gift. [India]
Sunny \Sun"ny\, a. [Compar. {Sunnier}; superl. {Sunniest}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or
resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant;
radiant. ``Sunny beams.'' --Spenser. ``Sunny locks.''
--Shak.
2. Exposed to the rays of the sun; brightened or warmed by
the direct rays of the sun; as, a sunny room; the sunny
side of a hill.
Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores.
--Addison.
3. Cheerful; genial; as, a sunny disposition.
My decayed fair A sunny look of his would soon
repair. --Shak.
Sunny \Sun"ny\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Sunfish}
(b) .
Sunproof \Sun"proof`\, a.
Impervious to the rays of the sun. ``Darksome yew,
sunproof.'' --Marston.
Sunrise \Sun"rise`\, Sunrising \Sun"ris`ing\, n.
1. The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the
morning; more generally, the time of such appearance,
whether in fair or cloudy weather; as, to begin work at
sunrise. ``The tide of sunrise swells.'' --Keble.
2. Hence, the region where the sun rises; the east.
Which were beyond Jordan toward the sunrising.
--Deut. iv. 47
(Rev. Ver.)
Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein of
travel slack, And, bending o'ev his saddle, leaves
the sunrise at his back. --Whittier.
Sunset \Sun"set"\, Sunsetting \Sun"set`ting\, n.
1. The descent of the sun below the horizon; also, the time
when the sun sets; evening. Also used figuratively.
'T is the sunset of life gives me mystical lore.
--Campbell.
2. Hence, the region where the sun sets; the west.
{Sunset shell} (Zo["o]l.), a West Indian marine bivalve
({Tellina radiata}) having a smooth shell marked with
radiating bands of varied colors resembling those seen at
sunset or before sunrise; -- called also {rising sun}.
Sunshade \Sun"shade`\, n.
Anything used as a protection from the sun's rays.
Specifically:
(a) A small parasol.
(b) An awning.
Sunshine \Sun"shine`\, n.
1. The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the
direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the
warmth and light which they give.
But all sunshine, as when his beams at noon
Culminate from the equator. --Milton.
2. Anything which has a warming and cheering influence like
that of the rays of the sun; warmth; illumination;
brightness.
That man that sits within a monarch's heart, And
ripens in the sunshine of his favor. --Shak.
Sunshine \Sun"shine`\, a.
Sunshiny; bright. --Shak. ``Sunshine hours.'' --Keble.
Sunshiny \Sun"shin`y\, a.
1. Bright with the rays of the sun; clear, warm, or pleasant;
as, a sunshiny day.
2. Bright like the sun; resplendent.
Flashing beams of that sunshiny shield. --Spenser.
3. Beaming with good spirits; cheerful. ``Her sunshiny
face.'' --Spenser.
Sunsquall \Sun"squall`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any large jellyfish.
Sun star \Sun" star`\ (Zo["o]l.)
See {Sun star}, under {Sun}.
Sunsted \Sun"sted\, n. [Sun + stead a place.]
Solstice. [Obs.] ``The summer sunsted.'' --Holland.
Sunstone \Sun"stone`\, n. (Med.)
Aventurine feldspar. See under {Aventurine}.
Sunstroke \Sun"stroke`\, n. (Med.)
Any affection produced by the action of the sun on some part
of the body; especially, a sudden prostration of the physical
powers, with symptoms resembling those of apoplexy,
occasioned by exposure to excessive heat, and often
terminating fatally; coup de soleil.
Sun-struck \Sun"-struck`\, a. (Med.)
Overcome by, or affected with, sunstroke; as, sun-struck
soldiers.
Sunup \Sun"up`\, n.
Sunrise. [Local, U.S.]
Such a horse as that might get over a good deal of
ground atwixt sunup and sundown. --Cooper.
Sunward \Sun"ward\, adv.
Toward the sun.
Sunwise \Sun"wise`\, adv.
In the direction of the sun's apparent motion, or from the
east southward and westward, and so around the circle; also,
in the same direction as the movement of the hands of a watch
lying face upward.
Sup \Sup\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Supped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Supping}.] [OE. soupen to drink, AS. s?pan; akin to D.
zuipen, G. saufen, OHG. s?fan, Icel. s?pa, Sw. supa, Dan.
s["o]be. Cf. {Sip}, {Sop}, {Soup}, {Supper}.]
To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or
drink by a little at a time; to sip.
There I'll sup Balm and nectar in my cup. --Crashaw.
Sup \Sup\, n.
A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with
the lips; a sip.
Tom Thumb had got a little sup. --Drayton.
Sup \Sup\, v. i. [See {Supper}.]
To eat the evening meal; to take supper.
I do entreat that we may sup together. --?
Sup \Sup\, v. t.
To treat with supper. [Obs.]
Sup them well and look unto them all. --Shak.
Supawn \Su*pawn"\, n. [Of American Indian origin.]
Boiled Indian meal; hasty pudding; mush. [Written also
{sepawn}, {sepon}, and {suppawn}.] [Local, U.S.]
Supe \Supe\, n.
A super. [Theatrical Cant]
Super- \Su"per-\ [L. super over, above; akin to Gr. ?, L. sub
under, and E. over. See {Over}, and cf. {Hyper-}, {Sub-},
{Supra-}, {Sur-}.]
1. A prefix signifying above, over, beyond, and hence often
denoting in a superior position, in excess, over and
above, in addition, exceedingly; as in superimpose,
supersede, supernatural, superabundance.
2. (Chem.) A prefix formerly much used to denote that the
ingredient to the name of which it was prefixed was
present in a large, or unusually large, proportion as
compared with the other ingredients; as in calcium
superphosphate. It has been superseded by per-, bi-, di-,
acid, etc. (as peroxide, bicarbonate, disulphide, and acid
sulphate), which retain the old meanings of super-, but
with sharper definition. Cf. {Acid}, a., {Bi-}, {Di-}, and
{Per-}.
Super \Su"per\, n.
A contraction of {Supernumerary}, in sense 2. [Theatrical
Cant]
Superable \Su"per*a*ble\, a. [L. superabilis, from superare to
go over, to surmount, fr. super above, over.]
Capable of being overcome or conquered; surmountable.
Antipathies are generally superable by a single effort.
--Johnson.
-- {Su"per*a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Su"per*a*bly}, adv.
Superabound \Su`per*a*bound"\, v. i. [L. superabundare: cf. OF.
superabonder. See {Super-}, and {Abound}.]
To be very abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient;
as, the country superabounds with corn.
Superabundance \Su`per*a*bun"dance\, n. [L. superabundantia: cf.
OF. superabondance.]
The quality or state of being superabundant; a superabundant
quantity; redundancy; excess.
Superabundant \Su`per*a*bun"dant\, a. [L. superabundans, p. pr.
of superabundare. See {Superabound}.]
Abounding to excess; being more than is sufficient;
redundant; as, superabundant zeal. -- {Su`per*a*bun"dant*ly},
adv.
Superacidulated \Su`per*a*cid"u*la`ted\, a.
Acidulated to excess. [R.]
Superadd \Su`per*add"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Superadded}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Superadding}.] [L. superaddere. See {Super-}, and
{Add}.]
To add over and above; to add to what has been added; to
annex, as something extrinsic.
The strength of any living creature, in those external
motion, is something distinct from, and superadded
unto, its natural gravity. --Bp. Wilkins.
The peacock laid it extremely to heart that he had not
the nightingale's voice superadded to the beauty of his
plumes. --L'Estrange.
Superaddition \Su`per*ad*di"tion\, n.
The act of adding something in excess or something
extraneous; also, something which is added in excess or
extraneously.
This superaddition is nothing but fat. --Arbuthnot.
Superadvenient \Su`per*ad*ven"ient\, a.
Coming upon; coming in addition to, or in assistance of,
something. [R.]
He has done bravely by the superadvenient assistance of
his God. --Dr. H. More.
Superalimentation \Su`per*al`i*men*ta"tion\, n.
The act of overfeeding, or making one take food in excess of
the natural appetite for it.
Superaltar \Su"per*al`tar\, n. (Arch.)
A raised shelf or stand on the back of an altar, on which
different objects can be placed; a predella or gradino.
Superangelic \Su`per*an*gel"ic\, a.
Superior to the angels in nature or rank. [R.] --Milman.
Superannuate \Su`per*an"nu*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Superannuated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Superannuating}.] [Pref.
super- + L. annus a year.]
1. To impair or disquality on account of age or infirmity.
--Sir T. Browne.
2. To give a pension to, on account of old age or other
infirmity; to cause to retire from service on a pension.
Superannuate \Su`per*an"nu*ate\, v. i.
To last beyond the year; -- said of annual plants. [Obs.]
--Bacon.
Superannuation \Su`per*an`nu*a"tion\, n.
The state of being superannuated, or too old for office or
business; the state of being disqualified by old age;
decrepitude.
The world itself is in a state of superannuation.
--Cowper.
Slyness blinking through the watery eye of
superannuation. --Coleridge.
Superb \Su*perb"\, a. [F. superbe, L. superbus, fr. super over.
See {Super-}.]
1. Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice;
a superb colonnade.
2. Rich; elegant; as, superb furniture or decorations.
3. Showy; excellent; grand; as, a superb exhibition.
{Superb paradise bird} (Zo["o]l.), a bird of paradise
({Paradis[ae]a, or Lophorina, superba}) having the
scapulars erectile, and forming a large ornamental tuft on
each shoulder, and a large gorget of brilliant feathers on
the breast. The color is deep violet, or nearly black,
with brilliant green reflections. The gorget is bright
metallic green.
{Superb warber}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Blue wren}, under {Wren}. --
{Su*perb"ly}, adv. -- {Su*perb"ness}, n.
Superbiate \Su*per"bi*ate\, v. t. [Cf. L. superbiare.]
To make (a person) haughty. [Obs. & R.] --Feltham.
Supercarbonate \Su`per*car"bon*ate\, n. (Chem.)
A bicarbonate. [Obsoles.]
Supercarbureted \Su`per*car"bu*ret`ed\, a. (Chem.)
Bicarbureted. [Written also {supercarburetted}.] [Obsoles.]
Supercargo \Su`per*car"go\, n. [Super- + cargo: cf. Sp.
sobrecargo. Cf. {Surcharge}.]
An officer or person in a merchant ship, whose duty is to
manage the sales, and superintend the commercial concerns, of
the voyage.
Supercarpal \Su`per*car"pal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above, or in the upper part of, the carpus.
Supercelestial \Su`per*ce*les"tial\, a. [Pref. super- +
celestial: cf. L. supercaelestis.]
1. Situated above the firmament, or great vault of heaven.
--Waterland.
2. Higher than celestial; superangelic.
Supercharge \Su`per*charge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Supercharged}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Supercharging}.] [Pref.
super- + charge. Cf. {Surcharge}.] (Her.)
To charge (a bearing) upon another bearing; as, to
supercharge a rose upon a fess.
Supercharge \Su`per*charge"\, n. (Her.)
A bearing charged upon another bearing. [R.]
Superchemical \Su`per*chem"ic*al\, a.
Above or beyond chemistry; inexplicable by chemical laws.
--J. Le Conte.
Superchery \Su*perch"er*y\, n. [F. supercherie.]
Deceit; fraud; imposition. [Obs. & R.]
Superciliary \Su`per*cil"i*a*ry\, a. [L. supercilium an eyebrow.
See {Supercilious}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the eyebrows; supraorbital.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Having a distinct streak of color above the
eyes; as, the superciliary woodpecker.
Supercilious \Su`per*cil"i*ous\, a. [L. superciliosus, fr.
supercilium an eyebrow, pride; super over, + cilium an
eyelid; probably akin to celare to conceal. Cf. {Conceal}.]
Lofty with pride; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing;
arrogant; as, a supercilious officer; asupercilious air;
supercilious behavior. -- {Su`per*cil"i*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Su`per*cil"i*ous*ness}, n.
Supercilium \Su`per*cil"i*um\, n. [L.] (Zo["o]l.)
The eyebrow, or the region of the eyebrows.
Supercolumniation \Su`per*co*lum`ni*a"tion\, n. (Arch.)
The putting of one order above another; also, an
architectural work produced by this method; as, the putting
of the Doric order in the ground story, Ionic above it, and
Corinthian or Composite above this.
Superconception \Su`per*con*cep"tion\, n. (Physiol.)
Superfetation. [R.] --Sir T. Browne.
Superconsequence \Su`per*con"se*quence\, n.
Remote consequence. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Supercrescence \Su`per*cres"cence\, n. [See {Supercrescent}.]
That which grows upon another growing thing; a parasite. [R.]
--Sir T. Browne.
Supercrescent \Su`per*cres"cent\, a. [L. supercrescens, p. pr.
of supercrescere; super above + crescere to grow.]
Growing on some other growing thing. [R.] --Johnson.
Supercretaceous \Su`per*cre*ta"ceous\, a. (Geol.)
Same as {Supracretaceous}.
Supercurious \Su`per*cu"ri*ous\, a.
Excessively curious or inquisitive. --Evelyn.
Superdominant \Su`per*dom"i*nant\, n. (Mus.)
The sixth tone of the scale; that next above the dominant; --
called also {submediant}.
Supereminence \Su`per*em"i*nence\, Supereminency
\Su`per*em"i*nen*cy\, n. [L. supereminentia.]
The quality or state of being supereminent; distinguished
eminence; as, the supereminence of Cicero as an orator, or
Lord Chatham as a statesman. --Ayliffe.
He was not forever beset with the consciousness of his
own supereminence. --Prof.
Wilson.
Supereminent \Su`per*em"i*nent\, a. [L. supereminens, p. pr. of
supereminere. See {Super-}, and {Eminent}.]
Eminent in a superior degree; surpassing others in
excellence; as, a supereminent divine; the supereminent glory
of Christ. -- {Su`per*em"i*nent*ly}, adv.
Supererogant \Su`per*er"o*gant\, a. [L. supererogans, p. pr. See
{Supererogate}.]
Supererogatory. [Obs.]
Supererogate \Su`per*er"o*gate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p.
{Supererogated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Supererogating}.] [L.
supererogatus, p. p. of supererogare to spend or pay out over
and above; super over, above + erogare to expend or pay out
money from the public treasury after asking the consent of
the people. See {Super-}, and {Erogate}, {Rogation}.]
To do more than duty requires; to perform works of
supererogation; to atone (for a dificiency in another) by
means of a surplus action or quality.
The fervency of one man in prayer can not supererogate
for the coldness of another. --Milton.
Supererogation \Su`per*er`o*ga"tion\, n. [L. supererogatio a
payment in addition.]
The act of supererogating; performance of more than duty or
necessity requires.
{Works of supererogation} (R. C. Ch.), those good deeds
believed to have been performed by saints, or capable of
being performed by men, over and above what is required
for their own salvation.
Supererogative \Su`per*e*rog"a*tive\, a.
Supererogatory.
Supererogatory \Su`per*e*rog"a*to*ry\, a.
Performed to an extent not enjoined, or not required, by duty
or necessity; as, supererogatory services. --Howell.
Superessential \Su`per*es*sen"tial\, a.
Essential above others, or above the constitution of a thing.
--J. Ellis.
Superethical \Su`per*eth"ic*al\, a.
More than ethical; above ethics. --Bolingbroke.
Superexalt \Su`per*ex*alt"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Superexalted};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Superexalting}.]
To exalt to a superior degree; to exalt above others.
--Barrow.
Superexaltation \Su`per*ex`al*ta"tion\, n.
Elevation above the common degree. --Holyday.
Superexcellence \Su`per*ex"cel*lence\, n.
Superior excellence; extraordinary excellence.
Superexcellent \Su`per*ex"cel*lent\, a. [Pref. super- +
excellent: cf. L. superexcellens.]
Excellent in an uncommon degree; very excellent. --Drayton.
Superexcination \Su`per*ex`ci*na"tion\, n.
Excessive, or more than normal, excitation.
Superexcrescence \Su`per*ex*cres"cence\, n.
Something growing superfluously.
Superfamily \Su"per*fam`i*ly\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A group intermediate between a family and a suborder.
Superfecundation \Su`per*fec`un*da"tion\, n. (Physiol.)
Fertilization of two ova, at the same menstruation, by two
different acts of coition.
Superfecundity \Su`per*fe*cun"di*ty\, n.
Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the species.
Superfetate \Su`per*fe"tate\, v. i. [L. superfetare; super
above, over + fetare to bring forth.]
To conceive after a prior conception, but before the birth of
the offspring.
The female . . . is said to superfetate. --Grew.
Superfetation \Su`per*fe*ta"tion\, n. [Cf. F. superf['e]tation.]
(Physiol.)
The formation of a fetus at the result of an impregnation
occurring after another impregnation but before the birth of
the offspring produced by it. This is possible only when
there is a double uterus, or where menstruation persists up
to the time of the second impregnation.
In then became a superfetation upon, and not an
ingredient in, the national character. --Coleridge.
Superfete \Su`per*fete"\, v. i.
To superfetate. [Obs.]
Superfete \Su`per*fete"\, v. t.
To conceive (another fetus) after a former conception. [Obs.]
--Howell.
Superfice \Su"per*fice\, n.
A superficies. [Obs.] --Dryden.
Superficial \Su`per*fi"cial\, a. [L. superficialis: cf. F.
superficiel. See {Superficies}.]
1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; lying on
the surface; shallow; not deep; as, a superficial color; a
superficial covering; superficial measure or contents;
superficial tillage.
2. Reaching or comprehending only what is obvious or
apparent; not deep or profound; shallow; -- said
especially in respect to study, learning, and the like;
as, a superficial scholar; superficial knowledge.
This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy
praise. --Shak.
He is a presumptuous and superficial writer.
--Burke.
That superficial judgment, which happens to be right
without deserving to be so. --J. H.
Newman.
-- {Su`per*fi"cial*ly}, adv. -- {Su`per*fi"cial*ness}, n.
Superficialist \Su`per*fi"cial*ist\, n.
One who attends to anything superficially; a superficial or
shallow person; a sciolist; a smatterer.
Superficiality \Su`per*fi`ci*al"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F.
superficialit['e].]
The quality or state of being superficial; also, that which
is superficial. --Sir T. Browne.
Superficialize \Su`per*fi"cial*ize\, v. t.
To attend to, or to treat, superficially, or in a shallow or
slighting way. [R.]
It is a characteristic weakness of the day to
superficialize evil. --E. P.
Whipple.
Superficiary \Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry\, n. (Rom. Law)
One to whom a right of surface occupation is granted; one who
pays quitrent for a house built upon another man's ground.
Superficiary \Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface;
superficial.
2. (Rom. Law) Situated or built on another man's land, as a
house.
Superficies \Su`per*fi"cies\, n. [L., fr. super above, over +
facies make, figure, shape. See {Surface}.]
1. The surface; the exterior part, superficial area, or face
of a thing.
2. (Civil Law)
(a) Everything on the surface of a piece of ground, or of
a building, so closely connected by art or nature as
to constitute a part of it, as houses, or other
superstructures, fences, trees, vines, etc.
(b) A real right consisting of a grant by a landed
proprietor of a piece of ground, bearing a strong
resemblance to the long building leases granted by
landholders in England, in consideration of a rent,
and under reservation of the ownership of the soil.
--Bouvier. Wharton.
Superfine \Su"per*fine\, a.
1. Very fine, or most fine; being of surpassing fineness; of
extra nice or fine quality; as, superfine cloth.
2. Excessively fine; too nice; over particular; as, superfine
distinctions; superfine tastes.
Superfineness \Su"per*fine`ness\, n.
The state of being superfine.
Superfinical \Su`per*fin"i*cal\, a.
Extremely finical.
Superfluence \Su*per"flu*ence\, n. [L. superfluens, p. pr. of
superfluere to flow or run over. See {Superfluous}.]
Superfluity. [Obs.] --Hammond.
Superfluitant \Su`per*flu"i*tant\, a. [L. super above +
fluitans, p. pr. of fluitare intensive fr. fluere to flow.]
Floating above or on the surface. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne. --
{Su`per*flu"i*tance}, n. [Obs.]
Superfluity \Su`per*flu"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Superfluities}. [L.
superfluit['e], L. superfluitas. See {Superfluous}.]
1. A greater quantity than is wanted; superabundance; as, a
superfluity of water; a superfluity of wealth.
A quiet mediocrity is still to be preferred before a
troubled superfluity. --Suckling.
2. The state or quality of being superfluous; excess. ``By a
superfluity abominable.'' --Chaucer.
3. Something beyond what is needed; something which serves
for show or luxury.
Syn: Superabundance; excess; redundancy.
Superfluous \Su*per"flu*ous\, a. [L. superfluus overflowing;
super over, above + fluere to flow. See {Super-}, and
{Fluent}.]
More than is wanted or is sufficient; rendered unnecessary by
superabundance; unnecessary; useless; excessive; as, a
superfluous price. --Shak.
An authority which makes all further argument or
illustration superfluous. --E. Everett.
{Superfluous interval} (Mus.), an interval that exceeds a
major or perfect interval by a semitone.
Syn: Unnecessary; useless; exuberant; excessive; redundant;
needless. -- {Su*per"flu*ous*ly}, adv. --
{Su*per"flu*ous*ness}, n.
Superflux \Su"per*flux\, n.
Superabundance; superfluity; an overflowing. [R.] --Shak.
Superfoetation \Su`per*f[oe]*ta"tion\, n.
Superfetation.
Superfoliation \Su`per*fo`li*a"tion\, n.
Excess of foliation. --Sir T. Browne.
Superfrontal \Su`per*fron"tal\, n. (Eccl.)
A cloth which is placed over the top of an altar, and often
hangs down a few inches over the frontal.
Superfuse \Su`per*fuse"\, a.
To pour (something) over or on something else. [Obs.]
--Evelyn.
Superheat \Su`per*heat"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Superheated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Superheating}.]
1. To heat too much, to overheat; as, to superheat an oven.
2. (Steam Engine) To heat, as steam, apart from contact with
water, until it resembles a perfect gas.
Superheat \Su"per*heat`\, n.
The increase of temperature communicated to steam by
superheating it.
Superheater \Su"per*heat`er\, n. (Steam Engine)
An apparatus for superheating steam.
Superhive \Su"per*hive`\, n.
A removable upper part of a hive. The word is sometimes
contracted to super.
Superhuman \Su`per*hu"man\, a.
Above or beyond what is human; sometimes, divine; as,
superhuman strength; superhuman wisdom.
Superimpose \Su`per*im*pose"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Superimposed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Superimposing}.]
To lay or impose on something else; as, a stratum of earth
superimposed on another stratum. -- {Su`per*im`po*si"tion},
n.
Superinpregnation \Su`per*in`preg*na"tion\, n.
The act of impregnating, or the state of being impregnated,
in addition to a prior impregnation; superfetation.
Superincumbence \Su`per*in*cum"bence\, Superincumbency
\Su`per*in*cum"ben*cy\, n.
The quality or state of being superincumbent.
Superincumbent \Su`per*in*cum"bent\, a. [L. superincumbens, p.
pr. of superincumbere. See {Super-}, and {Incumbent}.]
Lying or resting on something else.
Superinduce \Su`per*in*duce"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Superinduced}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Superinducing}.] [Pref.
super- + induce: cf. L. superinducere to draw over.]
To bring in, or upon, as an addition to something.
Long custom of sinning superinduces upon the soul new
and absurd desires. --South.
Superinducement \Su`per*in*duce"ment\, n.
Superinduction.
Superinduction \Su`per*in*duc"tion\, n.
The act of superinducing, or the state of being superinduced.
--South.
Superinfuse \Su`per*in*fuse"\, v. t. [Pref. super- + infuse: cf.
L. superinfundere, superinfusum, to pour over.]
To infuse over. [R.]
Superinjection \Su`per*in*jec"tion\, n.
An injection succeeding another.
Superinspect \Su`per*in*spect"\, v. t. [Pref. super- + inspect:
cf. L. superinspicere, superinspectum.]
To over see; to superintend by inspection. [R.] --Maydman.
Superinstitution \Su`per*in`sti*tu"tion\, n.
One institution upon another, as when A is instituted and
admitted to a benefice upon a title, and B instituted and
admitted upon the presentation of another. --Bailey.
Superintellectual \Su`per*in`tel*lec"tu*al\, a.
Being above intellect.
Superintend \Su`per*in*tend"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Superintended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Superintending}.] [L.
superintendere. See {Super-}, and {Intend}.]
To have or exercise the charge and oversight of; to oversee
with the power of direction; to take care of with authority;
to supervise; as, an officer superintends the building of a
ship or the construction of a fort.
The king may appoint a council, who may superintend the
works of this nature. --Bacon.
Syn: {Superintend}, {Supervise}.
Usage: These words in general use are the synonymous. As
sometimes used, supervise implies the more general,
and superintend, the more particular and constant,
inspection or direction. Among architects there is a
disposition to use the word supervise in the sense of
a general oversight of the main points of construction
with reference to the design, etc., and to employ the
word superintend to signify a constant, careful
attention to all the details of construction. But this
technical distinction is not firmly established.
Superintendence \Su`per*in*tend"ence\, n. [Cf. F.
superintendance.]
The act of superintending; care and oversight for the purpose
of direction; supervision. --Barrow.
Syn: Inspection; oversight; care; direction; control;
guidance.
Superintendency \Su`per*in*tend"en*cy\, n.; pl. {-cies}.
The act of superintending; superintendence. --Boyle.
Superintendent \Su`per*in*tend"ent\, a. [L. superintendens, p.
pr. See {Superintend}.]
Overseeing; superintending.
Superintendent \Su`per*in*tend"ent\, n. [Cf. OF. superintendant,
F. surintendant. Cf. {Surintendant}.]
One who has the oversight and charge of some place,
institution, or organization, affairs, etc., with the power
of direction; as, the superintendent of an almshouse; the
superintendent of public works.
Syn: Inspector; overseer; manager; director; curator;
supervisor.
Superintender \Su`per*in*tend"er\, n.
A superintendent. [R.]
Superinvestiture \Su`per*in*vest"i*ture\, n.
An outer vestment or garment. [R.] --Bp. Horne.
Superior \Su*pe"ri*or\, a. [L., compar. of superus being above,
fr. super above, over: cf. F. sup['e]rieur. See {Super-}, and
cf. {Supreme}.]
1. More elevated in place or position; higher; upper; as, the
superior limb of the sun; the superior part of an image.
2. Higher in rank or office; more exalted in dignity; as, a
superior officer; a superior degree of nobility.
3. Higher or greater in excellence; surpassing others in the
greatness, or value of any quality; greater in quality or
degree; as, a man of superior merit; or of superior
bravery.
4. Beyond the power or influence of; too great or firm to be
subdued or affected by; -- with to.
There is not in earth a spectacle more worthy than a
great man superior to his sufferings. --Spectator.
5. More comprehensive; as a term in classification; as, a
genus is superior to a species.
6. (Bot.)
(a) Above the ovary; -- said of parts of the flower which,
although normally below the ovary, adhere to it, and
so appear to originate from its upper part; also of an
ovary when the other floral organs are plainly below
it in position, and free from it.
(b) Belonging to the part of an axillary flower which is
toward the main stem; posterior.
(c) Pointing toward the apex of the fruit; ascending; --
said of the radicle.
{Superior conjunction}, {Superior planets}, etc. See
{Conjunction}, {Planet}, etc.
{Superior figure}, {Superior letter} (Print.), a figure or
letter printed above the line, as a reference to a note or
an index of a power, etc; as, in x^{2} + y^{n}, 2 is a
superior figure, n a superior letter. Cf. {Inferior
figure}, under {Inferior}.
Superior \Su*pe"ri*or\, n.
1. One who is above, or surpasses, another in rank, station,
office, age, ability, or merit; one who surpasses in what
is desirable; as, Addison has no superior as a writer of
pure English.
2. (Eccl.) The head of a monastery, convent, abbey, or the
like.
Superioress \Su*pe"ri*or*ess\, n. (Eccl.)
A woman who acts as chief in a convent, abbey, or nunnery; a
lady superior.
Superiority \Su*pe`ri*or"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. sup['e]riorit['e],
LL. superioritas.]
The quality, state, or condition of being superior; as,
superiority of rank; superiority in merit.
Syn: Pre["e]minence; excellence; predominancy; prevalence;
ascendency; odds; advantage.
Superiorly \Su*pe"ri*or*ly\, adv.
In a superior position or manner.
Superjacent \Su`per*ja"cent\, a. [L. superjacens, p. pr. of
superjacere; super above + jacere to lie.]
Situated immediately above; as, superjacent rocks.
Superlation \Su`per*la"tion\, n. [L. superlatio. See
{Superlative}.]
Exaltation of anything beyond truth or propriety. [Obs.] --B.
Jonson.
Superlative \Su`per*la"tive\, a. [L. superlativus, fr.
superlatus excessive, used as p. p. of superiorferre, but
from a different root: cf. F. superlatif. See {Elate},
{Tolerate}.]
1. Lifted up to the highest degree; most eminent; surpassing
all other; supreme; as, superlative wisdom or prudence; a
woman of superlative beauty; the superlative glory of the
divine character.
2. (Gram.) Expressing the highest or lowest degree of the
quality, manner, etc., denoted by an adjective or an
adverb. The superlative degree is formed from the positive
by the use of -est, most, or least; as, highest, most
pleasant, least bright. -- {Su`per*la"tive*ly}, adv. --
{Su`per*la"tive*ness}, n.
Superlative \Su`per*la"tive\, n.
1. That which is highest or most eminent; the utmost degree.
2. (Gram.)
(a) The superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs;
also, a form or word by which the superlative degree
is expressed; as, strongest, wisest, most stormy,
least windy, are all superlatives.
{Absolute superlative}, a superlative in an absolute rather
than in a comparative or exclusive sense. See {Elative}.
Superlucration \Su`per*lu*cra"tion\, n. [Pref. super- + L.
lucratio gain.]
Excessive or extraordinary gain. [Obs.] --Davenant.
Superlunar \Su`per*lu"nar\, Superlunary \Su`per*lu"na*ry\, a.
Being above the moon; not belonging to this world; -- opposed
to sublunary.
The head that turns at superlunar things. --Pope.
Supermaterial \Su`per*ma*te"ri*al\, a.
Being above, or superior to, matter.
Supermaxilla \Su`per*max*il"la\, n. [NL. See {Super-}, and
{Maxilla}.] (Anat.)
The supermaxilla.
Supermaxillary \Su`per*max"il*la*ry\, a. (Anat.)
Supermaxillary.
Supermedial \Su`per*me"di*al\, a.
Above the middle.
Supermundane \Su`per*mun"dane\, a.
Being above the world; -- opposed to inframundane.
--Cudworth.
Supermundial \Su`per*mun"di*al\, a.
Supermundane. [Obs.]
Supernacular \Su`per*nac"u*lar\, a.
Like supernaculum; first-rate; as, a supernacular wine. [R.]
--Thackeray.
Supernaculum \Su`per*nac"u*lum\, adv. & n. [NL., from L. super
over + G. nagel, a nail, as of the finger, or a corruption of
L. super and ungulam claw.]
1. A kind of mock Latin term intended to mean, upon the nail;
-- used formerly by topers. --Nares.
Drinking super nagulum [supernaculum], a device of
drinking, new come out of France, which is, after a
man hath turned up the bottom of the cup, to drop it
on his nail and make a pearl with that is left;
which if it slide, and he can not make it stand on
by reason there is too much, he must drink again for
his penance. --Nash.
2. Good liquor, of which not enough is left to wet one's
nail. --Grose.
Supernal \Su*per"nal\, a. [L. supernus, from super above: cf. F.
supernel. See {Super-}.]
1. Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as, the
supernal orbs; supernal regions. ``That supernal judge.''
--Shak.
2. Relating or belonging to things above; celestial;
heavenly; as, supernal grace.
Not by the sufferance of supernal power. --Milton.
Supernatant \Su`per*na"tant\, a. [L. supernatanus, p. pr. of
supernatare to swim above; super above + natare to swim.]
Swimming above; floating on the surface; as, oil supernatant
on water.
Supernatation \Su`per*na*ta"tion\, n.
The act of floating on the surface of a fluid. --Sir T.
Browne.
Supernatural \Su`per*nat"u*ral\, a. [Pref. super- + natural: cf.
OF. supernaturel, F. surnaturel.]
Being beyond, or exceeding, the power or laws of nature;
miraculous.
Syn: Preternatural.
Usage: {Supernatural}, {Preternatural}. Preternatural
signifies beside nature, and supernatural, above or
beyond nature. What is very greatly aside from the
ordinary course of things is preternatural; what is
above or beyond the established laws of the universe
is supernatural. The dark day which terrified all
Europe nearly a century ago was preternatural; the
resurrection of the dead is supernatural. ``That form
which the earth is under at present is preternatural,
like a statue made and broken again.'' --T. Burnet.
``Cures wrought by medicines are natural operations;
but the miraculous ones wrought by Christ and his
apostles were supernatural.'' --Boyle.
That is supernatural, whether it be, that is
either not in the chain of natural cause and
effect, or which acts on the chain of cause and
effect in nature, from without the chain.
--Bushnell.
We must not view creation as supernatural, but
we do look upon it as miraculous. --McCosh.
{The supernatural}, whatever is above and beyond the scope,
or the established course, of the laws of nature. ``Nature
and the supernatural.'' --H. Bushnell.
Supernaturalism \Su`per*nat"u*ral*ism\, n.
1. The quality or state of being supernatural;
supernaturalness.
2. (Theol.) The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency
in the production of the miracles and revelations recorded
in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies
men, -- in opposition to the doctrine which denies the
agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the
case. [Written also {supranaturalism}.]
Supernaturalist \Su`per*nat"u*ral*ist\, n.
One who holds to the principles of supernaturalism.
Supernaturalistic \Su`per*nat`u*ral*is"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to supernaturalism.
Supernaturality \Su`per*nat`u*ral"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being supernatural.
Supernaturalize \Su`per*nat"u*ral*ize\, v. t.
To treat or regard as supernatural.
Supernaturally \Su`per*nat"u*ral*ly\, adv.
In a supernatural manner.
Supernaturalness \Su`per*nat"u*ral*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being supernatural.
Supernumerary \Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry\, a. [L. supernumerarius: cf.
OF. supernum['e]raire, F. surnum['e]raire. See {Super-}, and
{Numerary}, {Number}.]
1. Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; as, a
supernumerary officer in a regiment.
2. Exceeding a necessary, usual, or required number or
quality; superfluous; as, supernumerary addresses;
supernumerary expense. --Addison.
Supernumerary \Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry\, n.; pl. {Supernumeraries}.
1. A person or thing beyond the number stated.
2. A person or thing beyond what is necessary or usual;
especially, a person employed not for regular service, but
only to fill the place of another in case of need;
specifically, in theaters, a person who is not a regular
actor, but is employed to appear in a stage spectacle.
Superoccipital \Su`per*oc*cip"i*tal\, a.
Supraoccipital.
Superorder \Su`per*or"der\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A group intermediate in importance between an order and a
subclass.
Superordination \Su`per*or`di*na"tion\, n. [Pref. super- +
ordination: cf. L. superordinatio.]
The ordination of a person to fill a station already
occupied; especially, the ordination by an ecclesiastical
official, during his lifetime, of his successor. --Fuller.
Superoxide \Su`per*ox"ide\, n. (Chem.)
See {Peroxide}. [Obs.]
Superparticular \Su`per*par*tic"u*lar\, a. [L.
superparticularis. See {Super-}, and {Particular}.] (Math.)
Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater
term over the less is a unit, as the ratio of 1 to 2, or of 3
to 4. [Obs.] --Hutton.
Superpartient \Su`per*par"tient\, a. [L. superpartiens; super
over + partiens, p. pr. of partire to divide.] (Math.)
Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater
term over the less is more than a unit, as that of 3 to 5, or
7 to 10. [Obs.] --Hutton.
Superphosphate \Su`per*phos"phate\, n. (Chem.)
An acid phosphate.
{Superphosphate of lime} (Com. Chem.), a fertilizer obtained
by trating bone dust, bone black, or phosphorite with
sulphuric acid, whereby the insoluble neutral calcium
phosphate, {Ca3(PO4)2}, is changed to the primary or acid
calcium phosphate {Ca(H2PO4)2}, which is soluble and
therefore available for the soil.
Superphysical \Su`per*phys"ic*al\, a.
Above or beyond physics; not explainable by physical laws.
Something superphysical and superchemical. --J. Le
Conte.
Superplant \Su"per*plant`\, n.
A plant growing on another, as the mistletoe; an epiphyte.
[Obs.] --Bacon.
Superplease \Su`per*please"\, v. t.
To please exceedingly. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Superplus \Su"per*plus\, n. [Pref. super- + L. plus more. See
{Surplus}.]
Surplus. [Obs.] --Goldsmith.
Superplusage \Su"per*plus`age\, n.
Surplusage. [Obs.] ``There yet remained a superplusage.''
--Bp. Fell.
Superpolitic \Su`per*pol"i*tic\, a.
More than politic; above or exceeding policy. --Milton.
Superponderate \Su`per*pon"der*ate\, v. t.
To wiegh over and above. [Obs.]
Superposable \Su`per*pos"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being superposed, as one figure upon another.
Superpose \Su`per*pose"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Superposed}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Superposing}.] [F. superposer. See {Super-},
and {Pose}.]
1. To lay upon, as one kind of rock on another.
2. (Geom.) To lay (a figure) upon another in such a manner
that all the parts of the one coincide with the parts of
the other; as, to superpose one plane figure on another.
Superposition \Su`per*po*si"tion\, n. [Cf. F. superposition. See
{Super-}, and {Position}.]
The act of superposing, or the state of being superposed; as,
the superposition of rocks; the superposition of one plane
figure on another, in geometry.
Superpraise \Su`per*praise"\, v. t.
To praise to excess.
To vow, and swear, and superpraise my parts. --Shak.
Superproportion \Su`per*pro*por"tion\, n.
Overplus or excess of proportion. --Sir K. Digby.
Superpurgation \Su`per*pur*ga"tion\, n.
Excessive purgation. --Wiseman.
Superreflection \Su`per*re*flec"tion\, n.
The reflection of a reflected image or sound. [R.] --Bacon.
Superregal \Su`per*re"gal\, a.
More than regal; worthy of one greater than a king.
--Waterland.
Superreward \Su`per*re*ward"\, v. t.
To reward to an excessive degree. --Bacon.
Superroyal \Su`per*roy"al\, a.
Larger than royal; -- said of a particular size of printing
and writing paper. See the Note under {Paper}, n.
Supersacral \Su`per*sa"cral\, a. (Anat.)
Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the sacrum.
Supersaliency \Su`per*sa"li*en*cy\, n.
The act of leaping on anything. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Supersalient \Su`per*sa"li*ent\, a. [Pref. super- + L. saliens
p. pr. of salire to leap.]
Leaping upon. [Obs.]
Supersalt \Su`per*salt"\, n. (Chem.)
An acid salt. See {Acid salt}
(a), under {Salt}, n.
Supersaturate \Su`per*sat"u*rate\, v. t.
To add to beyond saturation; as, to supersaturate a solution.
Supersaturation \Su`per*sat`u*ra"tion\, n.
The operation of supersaturating, or the state of being
supersaturated.
Superscribe \Su`per*scribe"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Superscribed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Superscribing}.] [L.
superscribere, superscriptum; super over + scribere to write.
See {Super-}, and {Scribe}.]
To write or engrave (a name, address, inscription, or the
like) on the top or surface; to write a name, address, or the
like, on the outside or cover of (anything); as, to
superscribe a letter.
Superscript \Su"per*script\, n.
Superscription. [Obs.] ``I will overglance the superscript.''
--Shak.
Superscription \Su`per*scrip"tion\, n. [L. superscriptio. See
{Superscribe}.]
1. The act of superscribing.
2. That which is written or engraved on the surface, outside,
or above something else; specifically, an address on a
letter, envelope, or the like. --Holland.
The superscription of his accusation was written
over, The King of the Jews. --Mark xv. 26.
3. (Pharm.) That part of a prescription which contains the
Latin word recipe (Take) or the sign ?.
Supersecular \Su`per*sec"u*lar\, a.
Being above the world, or secular things. --Bp. Hall.
Supersede \Su`per*sede"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Superseded}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Superseding}.] [L. supersedere, supersessum, to
sit above, be superior to, forbear, omit; super above +
sedere to sit: cf. F. supers['e]der. See {Sit}, and cf.
{Surcease}.]
1. To come, or be placed, in the room of; to replace.
2. To displace, or set aside, and put another in place of;
as, to supersede an officer.
3. To make void, inefficacious, or useless, by superior
power, or by coming in the place of; to set aside; to
render unnecessary; to suspend; to stay.
Nothing is supposed that can supersede the known
laws of natural motion. --Bentley.
4. (Old Law) To omit; to forbear.
Supersedeas \Su`per*se"de*as\, n. [L., suspend, set aside, stay,
2d pers. sing. present subjunctive of supersedere. See
{Supersede}.] (Law)
A writ of command to suspend the powers of an officer in
certain cases, or to stay proceedings under another writ.
--Blackstone.
Supersedure \Su*per*se"dure\, n.
The act of superseding, or setting aside; supersession; as,
the supersedure of trial by jury. --A. Hamilton.
Superseminate \Su`per*sem"i*nate\, v. t.
To sow, as seed, over something previously sown. [Obs.]
That can not be done with joy, when it shall be
indifferent to any man to superseminate what he please.
--Jer. Taylor.
Supersemination \Su`per*sem`i*na"tion\, n.
The sowing of seed over seed previously sown. [Obs.] --Abp.
Bramhall.
Supersensible \Su`per*sen"si*ble\, a. [Pref. super- + sensible:
cf. F. supersensible.]
Beyond the reach of the senses; above the natural powers of
perception.
Supersensitive \Su`per*sen"si*tive\, a.
Excessively sensitive; morbidly sensitive. --
{Su`per*sen"si*tive*ness}, n.
Supersensual \Su`per*sen"su*al\, a.
Supersensible.
Supersensuous \Su`per*sen"su*ous\, a.
1. Supersensible.
2. Excessively sensuous.
Superserviceable \Su`per*serv"ice*a*ble\, a.
Overofficious; doing more than is required or desired. ``A
superserviceable, finical rogue.'' --Shak.
Supersession \Su`per*ses"sion\, n. [Cf. OF. supersession. See
{Supersede}.]
The act of superseding, or the state of being superseded;
supersedure.
The general law of diminishing return from land would
have undergone, to that extent, a temporary
supersession. --J. S. Mill.
Supersolar \Su`per*so"lar\, a.
Above the sun. --Emerson.
Supersphenoidal \Su`per*sphe*noid"al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the body of the
sphenoid bone.
Superspinous \Su`per*spi"nous\, a. (Anat.)
Supraspinuos.
Superstition \Su`per*sti"tion\, n. [F. superstition, L.
superstitio, originally, a standing still over or by a thing;
hence, amazement, wonder, dread, especially of the divine or
supernatural, fr. superstare to stand over; super over +
stare to stand. See {Super-}, and {Stand}.]
1. An excessive reverence for, or fear of, that which is
unknown or mysterious.
2. An ignorant or irrational worship of the Supreme Deity;
excessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or
practice; extreme and unnecessary scruples in the
observance of religious rites not commanded, or of points
of minor importance; also, a rite or practice proceeding
from excess of sculptures in religion.
And the truth With superstitions and traditions
taint. --Milton.
3. The worship of a false god or gods; false religion;
religious veneration for objects.
[The accusers] had certain questions against him of
their own superstition. --Acts xxv.
19.
4. Belief in the direct agency of superior powers in certain
extraordinary or singular events, or in magic, omens,
prognostics, or the like.
5. Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness.
Syn: Fanaticism.
Usage: {Superstition}, {Fanaticism}. Superstition springs
from religious feeling misdirected or unenlightened.
Fanaticism arises from this same feeling in a state of
high-wrought and self-confident excitement. The former
leads in some cases to excessive rigor in religious
opinions or practice; in others, to unfounded belief
in extraordinary events or in charms, omens, and
prognostics, hence producing weak fears, or excessive
scrupulosity as to outward observances. The latter
gives rise to an utter disregard of reason under the
false assumption of enjoying a guidance directly
inspired. Fanaticism has a secondary sense as applied
to politics, etc., which corresponds to the primary.
Superstitionist \Su`per*sti"tion*ist\, n.
One addicted to superstition. [Obs.] ``Blind
superstitionists.'' --Dr. H. More.
Superstitious \Su`per*sti"tious\, a. [F. superstitieux, L.
superstitiosus.]
1. Of or pertaining to superstition; proceeding from, or
manifesting, superstition; as, superstitious rites;
superstitious observances.
2. Evincing superstition; overscrupulous and rigid in
religious observances; addicted to superstition; full of
idle fancies and scruples in regard to religion.
Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye
are too superstitious. --Acts xvii.
22.
3. Overexact; scrupulous beyond need.
{Superstitious use} (Law), the use of a gift or bequest, as
of land, etc., for the maintenance of the rites of a
religion not tolerated by the law. [Eng.] --Mozley & W. --
{Su`per*sti"tious*ly}, adv. -- {Su`per*sti"tious*ness}, n.
Superstrain \Su`per*strain"\, v. t.
To overstrain. --Bacon.
Superstatum \Su`per*sta"tum\, n.; pl. {Superstrata}. [NL.: cf.
L. supersternere, superstratum, to spread upon. See {Super-},
and {Stratum}.]
A stratum, or layer, above another.
Superstruct \Su`per*struct"\, v. t. [L. superstructus, p. p. of
superstruere to build upon; super over + struere to build.
See {Super-}, and {Structure}.]
To build over or upon another structure; to erect upon a
foundation.
This is the only proper basis on which to superstruct
first innocency and then virtue. --Dr. H. More.
Superstruction \Su`per*struc"tion\, n.
1. The act of superstructing, or building upon.
2. That which id superstructed, or built upon some
foundation; an edifice; a superstructure.
My own profession hath taught me not to erect new
superstructions upon an old ruin. --Denham.
Superstructive \Su`per*struct"ive\, a.
Built or erected on something else. --Hammond.
Superstructor \Su`per*struct"or\, n.
One who builds a superstructure. [R.] --R. North.
Superstructure \Su`per*struc"ture\, n. [Cf. F. superstructure.]
1. Any material structure or edifice built on something else;
that which is raised on a foundation or basis; esp.
(Arch.), all that part of a building above the basement.
Also used figuratively.
You have added to your natural endowments the
superstructure of study. --Dryden.
2. (Railway Engin.) The sleepers, and fastenings, in
distinction from the roadbed.
Supersubstantial \Su`per*sub*stan"tial\, a. [Pref. super- +
substantial: cf. F. supersubstantiel.]
More than substantial; spiritual. ``The heavenly
supersubstantial bread.'' --Jer. Taylor.
Supersubtle \Su`per*sub"tle\, a.
To subtle. --Shak.
Supersulphate \Su`per*sul"phate\, n. (Chem.)
An acid sulphate. [Obs.]
Supersulphureted \Su`per*sul"phu*ret`ed\, a. (Chem.)
Supersulphurized. [Obs.] [Written also {-sulphuretted}.]
Supersulphurize \Su`per*sul"phur*ize\, v. t. (Chem.)
To impregnate or combine with an excess of sulphur.
Supertemporal \Su`per*tem"po*ral\, n.
That which is more than temporal; that which is eternal. [R.]
Superterranean \Su`per*ter*ra"ne*an\, a.
Being above ground. ``Superterranean quarries.'' --Mrs.
Trollope.
Superterrene \Su`per*ter*rene"\, a. [Pref. super- + terrene: cf.
L. superterrenus.]
Being above ground, or above the earth. [R.]
Superterrestrial \Su`per*ter*res"tri*al\, a.
Being above the earth, or above what belongs to the earth.
--Buckminster.
Supertonic \Su`per*ton"ic\, n. (Mus.)
The note next above the keynote; the second of the scale.
--Busby.
Supertragical \Su`per*trag"ic*al\, a.
Tragical to excess.
Supertuberation \Su`per*tu`ber*a"tion\, n. [Pref. super- +
tuber.] (Bot.)
The production of young tubers, as potatoes, from the old
while still growing.
Supervacaneous \Su`per*va*ca"ne*ous\, a. [L. supervacaneus,
supervacuus; super over + vacuus empty.]
Serving no purpose; superfluous; needless. [Obs.] --Howell.
Supervene \Su`per*vene"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Supervened}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Supervening}.] [L. supervenire, superventum, to
come over, to come upon; super over + venire to come. See
{Super-}, and {Come}, and cf. {Overcome}.]
To come as something additional or extraneous; to occur with
reference or relation to something else; to happen upon or
after something else; to be added; to take place; to happen.
Such a mutual gravitation can never supervene to matter
unless impressed by divine power. --Bentley.
A tyrany immediately supervened. --Burke.
Supervenient \Su`per*ven"ient\, a. [L. superveniens, p. pr.]
Coming as something additional or extraneous; coming
afterwards.
That branch of belief was in him supervenient to
Christian practice. --Hammond.
Divorces can be granted, a mensa et toro, only for
supervenient causes. --Z. Swift.
Supervention \Su`per*ven"tion\, n. [L. superventio.]
The act of supervening. --Bp. Hall.
Supervisal \Su`per*vis"al\, n.
Supervision. --Walpole.
Supervise \Su`per*vise"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Supervised}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Supervising}.] [Pref. super- + L. visere to
look at attentively, to view, surely, intens. from videre,
visum, to see. Cf. {Survise}, and {Survey}.]
1. To oversee for direction; to superintend; to inspect with
authority; as, to supervise the construction of a steam
engine, or the printing of a book.
2. To look over so as to read; to peruse. [Obs.] --Shak.
Syn: See {Superintend}.
Supervise \Su`per*vise"\, n.
Supervision; inspection. [Obs.]
Supervision \Su`per*vi"sion\, n.
The act of overseeing; inspection; superintendence;
oversight.
Supervisive \Su`per*vi"sive\, a.
Supervisory. [R.]
Supervisor \Su`per*vis"or\, n.
1. One who supervises; an overseer; an inspector; a
superintendent; as, a supervisor of schools.
2. A spectator; a looker-on. [Obs.] --Shak.
Supervisory \Su`per*vi"so*ry\, a.
Of or pertaining to supervision; as, supervisory powers.
Supervive \Su`per*vive"\, v. t. [L. supervivere. See {Survive}.]
To survive; to outlive. [Obs.]
Supervolute \Su`per*vo*lute"\, a. [L. supervolutus, p. p. of
supervolvere to roll over; super over + volvere to roll.]
(Bot.)
Having a plainted and convolute arrangement in the bud, as in
the morning-glory.
Supination \Su`pi*na"tion\, n. [L. supinare, supinatum, to bend
or lay backward, fr. supinus supine: cf. F. supination. See
{Supine}.] (Physiol.)
(a) The act of turning the hand palm upward; also, position
of the hand with the palm upward.
(b) The act or state of lying with the face upward. Opposed
to {pronation}.
Supinator \Su`pi*na"tor\, n. [NL.] (Anat.)
A muscle which produces the motion of supination.
Supine \Su*pine"\, a. [L. supinus, akin to sub under, super
above. Cf. {Sub-}, {Super-}.]
1. Lying on the back, or with the face upward; -- opposed to
prone.
2. Leaning backward, or inclining with exposure to the sun;
sloping; inclined.
If the vine On rising ground be placed, or hills
supine. --Dryden.
3. Negligent; heedless; indolent; listless.
He became pusillanimous and supine, and openly
exposed to any temptation. --Woodward.
Syn: Negligent; heedless; indolent; thoughtless; inattentive;
listless; careless; drowsy. -- {Su*pine"ly}, adv. --
{Su*pine"ness}, n.
Supine \Su"pine\, n. [L. supinum (sc. verbum), from supinus bent
or thrown backward, perhaps so called because, although
furnished with substantive case endings, it rests or falls
back, as it were, on the verb: cf. F. supin.] (Lat. Gram.)
A verbal noun; or (according to C.F.Becker), a case of the
infinitive mood ending in -um and -u, that in -um being
sometimes called the former supine, and that in -u the latter
supine.
Supinity \Su*pin"i*ty\, n. [L. supinitas.]
Supineness. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Suppage \Sup"page\, n. [From {Sup}.]
What may be supped; pottage. [Obs.] --Hooker.
Suppalpation \Sup`pal*pa"tion\, n. [L. suppalpari to caress a
little; sub under, a little + palpare to caress.]
The act of enticing by soft words; enticement. [Obs.]
Supparasitation \Sup*par`a*si*ta"tion\, n. [See {Supparasite}.]
The act of flattering to gain favor; servile approbation.
[Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
Supparasite \Sup*par"a*site\, v. t. [L. supparasitari; sub
under, a little + parasitus a parasite.]
To flatter; to cajole; to act the parasite. [Obs.] --Dr. R.
Clerke.
Suppawn \Sup*pawn"\, n.
See {Supawn}.
Suppedaneous \Sup`pe*da"ne*ous\, a. [Pref. sub- + L. pes, pedis,
a foot: cf. L. suppedaneum a footstool.]
Being under the feet. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Suppeditate \Sup*ped"i*tate\, v. t. [L. suppeditatus, p. p. of
suppeditare to supply.]
To supply; to furnish. [Obs.] --Hammond.
Suppeditation \Sup*ped`i*ta"tion\, n. [L. suppeditatio.]
Supply; aid afforded. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Supper \Sup"per\, n. [OE. soper, super, OF. super, soper, F.
souper; originally an infinitive, to sup, take a meal. See
{Soup}, and cf. {Sup} to take supper.]
A meal taken at the close of the day; the evening meal.
Note: Supper is much used in an obvious sense, either
adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as,
supper time or supper-time, supper bell, supper hour,
etc.
Supper \Sup"per\, v. i.
To take supper; to sup. [R.]
Supper \Sup"per\, v. t.
To supply with supper. [R.] ``Kester was suppering the
horses.'' --Mrs. Gaskell.
Supperless \Sup"per*less\, a.
Having no supper; deprived of supper; as, to go supperless to
bed. --Beau. & Fl.
Supping \Sup"ping\, n.
1. The act of one who sups; the act of taking supper.
2. That which is supped; broth. [Obs.] --Holland.
Supplace \Sup*place"\, v. t.
To replace. [R.] --J. Bascom.
Supplant \Sup*plant"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Supplanted}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Supplanting}.] [F. supplanter, L. supplantare to
trip up one's heels, to throw down; sub under + planta the
sole of the foot, also, a sucker, slip, sprout. Cf. {Plant},
n.]
1. To trip up. [Obs.] ``Supplanted, down he fell.'' --Milton.
2. To remove or displace by stratagem; to displace and take
the place of; to supersede; as, a rival supplants another
in the favor of a mistress or a prince.
Suspecting that the courtier had supplanted the
friend. --Bp. Fell.
3. To overthrow, undermine, or force away, in order to get a
substitute in place of.
You never will supplant the received ideas of God.
--Landor.
Syn: To remove; displace; overpower; undermine; overthrow;
supersede.
Supplantation \Sup`plan*ta"tion\, n. [Cf. F. supplantation, L.
supplantatio hypocritical deceit.]
The act of supplanting or displacing.
Habitual supplantation of immediate selfishness.
--Cloeridge.
Supplanter \Sup*plan"ter\, n.
One who supplants.
Supple \Sup"ple\, a. [OE. souple, F. souple, from L. supplex
suppliant, perhaps originally, being the knees. Cf.
{Supplicate}.]
1. Pliant; flexible; easily bent; as, supple joints; supple
fingers.
2. Yielding compliant; not obstinate; submissive to guidance;
as, a supple horse.
If punishment . . . makes not the will supple, it
hardens the offender. --Locke.
3. Bending to the humor of others; flattering; fawning;
obsequious. --Addison.
Syn: Pliant; flexible; yielding; compliant; bending;
flattering; fawning; soft.
Supple \Sup"ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suppled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Suppling}.]
1. To make soft and pliant; to render flexible; as, to supple
leather.
The flesh therewith she suppled and did steep.
--Spenser.
2. To make compliant, submissive, or obedient.
A mother persisting till she had bent her daughter's
mind and suppled her will. --Locke.
They should supple our stiff willfulness. --Barrow.
Supple \Sup"ple\, v. i.
To become soft and pliant.
The stones . . . Suppled into softness as they fell.
--Dryden.
Supple-chapped \Sup"ple-chapped`\, a.
Having a limber tongue. [R.] ``A supple-chapped flatterer.''
--Marston.
Supple-jack \Sup"ple-jack`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) A climbing shrub ({Berchemia volubilus}) of the Southern
United States, having a tough and pliable stem.
(b) A somewhat similar tropical American plant ({Paullinia
Curassavica}); also, a walking stick made from its stem.
He was in form and spirit like a supple-jack, . . .
yielding, but tough; though he bent, he never
broke. --W. Irving.
Note: This name is given to various plants of similar habit
in different British colonies.
Supplely \Sup"ple*ly\, adv.
In a supple manner; softly; pliantly; mildly. --Cotgrave.
Supplement \Sup"ple*ment\, n. [F. suppl['e]ment, L.
supplementum, fr. supplere to fill up. See {Supply}, v. t.]
1. That which supplies a deficiency, or meets a want; a
store; a supply. [Obs.] --Chapman.
2. That which fills up, completes, or makes an addition to,
something already organized, arranged, or set apart;
specifically, a part added to, or issued as a continuation
of, a book or paper, to make good its deficiencies or
correct its errors.
3. (Trig.) The number of degrees which, if added to a
specified arc, make it 180[deg]; the quantity by which an
arc or an angle falls short of 180 degrees, or an arc
falls short of a semicircle.
Syn: Appendix.
Usage: {Appendix}, {Supplement}. An appendix is that which is
appended to something, but is not essential to its
completeness; a supplement is that which supplements,
or serves to complete or make perfect, that to which
it is added.
Supplement \Sup"ple*ment\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Supplemented};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Supplementing}.]
To fill up or supply by addition; to add something to.
Causes of one kind must be supplemented by bringing to
bear upon them a causation of another kind. --I.
Taylor.
Supplemental \Sup`ple*men"tal\, Supplementary
\Sup`ple*men"ta*ry\, a. [Cf. F. suppl['e]mentaire.]
Added to supply what is wanted; additional; being, or serving
as, a supplement; as, a supplemental law; a supplementary
sheet or volume.
{Supplemental air} (Physiol.), the air which in addition to
the residual air remains in the lungs after ordinary
expiration, but which, unlike the residual air, can be
expelled; reserve air.
{Supplemental bill} (Equity), a bill filed in aid of an
original bill to supply some deffect in the latter, or to
set forth new facts which can not be done by amendment.
--Burrill. --Daniel.
{Supplementary chords} (Math.), in an ellipse or hyperbola,
any two chords drawn through the extremities of a
diameter, and intersecting on the curve.
Supplementation \Sup`ple*men*ta"tion\, n.
The act of supplementing. --C. Kingsley.
Suppleness \Sup"ple*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being supple; flexibility;
pliableness; pliancy.
Suppletive \Sup"ple*tive\, Suppletory \Sup"ple*to*ry\, a. [Cf.
F. suppl['e]tif, LL. suppletivus, from L. supplere,
suppletum, to fill up. See {Supply}.]
Supplying deficiencies; supplementary; as, a suppletory oath.
Suppletory \Sup"ple*to*ry\, n.; pl. {Suppletories}.
That which is to supply what is wanted.
Invent suppletories to excuse an evil man. --Jer.
Taylor.
Supplial \Sup*pli"al\, n.
The act of supplying; a supply. ``The supplial of a
preposition.'' --Fitzed. Hall.
Suppliance \Sup*pli"ance\, n. [From {Supply}.]
That which supplies a want; assistance; a gratification;
satisfaction. [R.]
The perfume and suppliance of a minute. --Shak.
Suppliance \Sup*pli"ance\, n. [See {Suppliant}.]
Supplication; entreaty.
When Greece her knee in suppliance bent. --Halleck.
Suppliant \Sup"pli*ant\, a. [F., p. pr. of supplier to entreat,
L. supplicare. See {Supplicate}, and cf. {Supplicant}.]
1. Asking earnestly and submissively; entreating; beseeching;
supplicating.
The rich grow suppliant, and the poor grow proud.
--Dryden.
2. Manifesting entreaty; expressive of supplication.
To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee.
--Milton.
Syn: Entreating; beseeching; suing; begging; supplicating;
imploring. -- {Sup"pli*ant*ly}, adv. --
{Sup"pli*ant*ness}, n.
Suppliant \Sup"pli*ant\, n.
One who supplicates; a humble petitioner; one who entreats
submissively.
Hear thy suppliant's prayer. --Dryden.
Supplicancy \Sup"pli*can*cy\, n.
Supplication. [R.]
Supplicant \Sup"pli*cant\, a. [L. supplicans, p. pr. See
{Supplicate}, and cf. {Suppliant}.]
Entreating; asking submissively. --Shak. --
{Sup"pli*cant*ly}, adv.
Supplicant \Sup"pli*cant\, n.
One who supplicates; a suppliant.
The wise supplicant . . . left the event to God.
--Rogers.
Supplicat \Sup"pli*cat\, n. [L., he supplicates.] (Eng.
Universities)
A petition; esp., a written one, with a certificate that the
conditions have been complied with.
Supplicate \Sup"pli*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Supplicated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Supplicating}.] [L. supplicatus, p. p. of
supplicare to supplicate; of uncertain origin, cf. supplex,
supplicis, humbly begging or entreating; perhaps fr. sub
under + a word akin to placare to reconcile, appease (cf.
{Placable}), or fr. sub under + plicare to fold, whence the
idea of bending the knees (cf. {Ply}, v. t.). Cf. {Supple}.]
1. To entreat for; to seek by earnest prayer; to ask for
earnestly and humbly; as, to supplicate blessings on
Christian efforts to spread the gospel.
2. To address in prayer; to entreat as a supplicant; as, to
supplicate the Deity.
Syn: To beseech; entreat; beg; petition; implore; importune;
solicit; crave. See {Beseech}.
Supplicate \Sup"pli*cate\, v. i.
To make petition with earnestness and submission; to implore.
A man can not brook to supplicate or beg. --Bacon.
Supplicatingly \Sup"pli*ca`ting*ly\, adv.
In a supplicating manner.
Supplication \Sup`pli*ca"tion\, n. [F. supplication, L.
supplicatio.]
1. The act of supplicating; humble and earnest prayer, as in
worship.
2. A humble petition; an earnest request; an entreaty.
3. (Rom. Antiq.) A religious solemnity observed in
consequence of some military success, and also, in times
of distress and danger, to avert the anger of the gods.
Syn: Entreaty; petition; solicitation; craving.
Supplicator \Sup"pli*ca`tor\, n. [L.]
One who supplicates; a supplicant.
Supplicatory \Sup"pli*ca*to*ry\, a. [Cf. F. supplicatoire.]
Containing supplication; humble; earnest.
Supplier \Sup*pli"er\, n.
One who supplies.
Supply \Sup*ply"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Supplied}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Supplying}.] [For older supploy, F. suppl['e]er, OF. also
supployer, (assumed) LL. suppletare, from L. supplere,
suppletum; sub under + plere to fill, akin to plenus full.
See {Plenty}.]
1. To fill up, or keep full; to furnish with what is wanted;
to afford, or furnish with, a sufficiency; as, rivers are
supplied by smaller streams; an aqueduct supplies an
artificial lake; -- often followed by with before the
thing furnished; as, to supply a furnace with fuel; to
supply soldiers with ammunition.
2. To serve instead of; to take the place of.
Burning ships the banished sun supply. --Waller.
The sun was set, and Vesper, to supply His absent
beams, had lighted up the sky. --Dryden.
3. To fill temporarily; to serve as substitute for another
in, as a vacant place or office; to occupy; to have
possession of; as, to supply a pulpit.
4. To give; to bring or furnish; to provide; as, to supply
money for the war. --Prior.
Syn: To furnish; provide; administer; minister; contribute;
yield; accommodate.
Supply \Sup*ply"\, n.; pl. {Supplies}.
1. The act of supplying; supplial. --A. Tucker.
2. That which supplies a want; sufficiency of things for use
or want. Specifically:
(a) Auxiliary troops or re["e]nforcements. ``My promised
supply of horsemen.'' --Shak.
(b) The food, and the like, which meets the daily
necessities of an army or other large body of men;
store; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the army was
discontented for lack of supplies.
(c) An amount of money provided, as by Parliament or
Congress, to meet the annual national expenditures;
generally in the plural; as, to vote supplies.
(d) A person who fills a place for a time; one who
supplies the place of another; a substitute; esp., a
clergyman who supplies a vacant pulpit.
{Stated supply} (Eccl.), a clergyman employed to supply a
pulpit for a definite time, but not settled as a pastor.
[U.S.]
{Supply and demand}. (Polit. Econ.) ``Demand means the
quantity of a given article which would be taken at a
given price. Supply means the quantity of that article
which could be had at that price.'' --F. A. Walker.
Supply \Sup*ply"\, a.
Serving to contain, deliver, or regulate a supply of
anything; as, a supply tank or valve.
{Supply system} (Zo["o]l.), the system of tubes and canals in
sponges by means of which food and water are absorbed. See
Illust. of {Spongi[ae]}.
Supplyant \Sup*ply"ant\, a.
Supplying or aiding; auxiliary; suppletory. [Obs.] --Shak.
Supplyment \Sup*ply"ment\, n.
A supplying or furnishing; supply. [Obs.] --Shak.
Support \Sup*port"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Supported}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Supporting}.] [F. supporter, L. supportare to carry
on, to convey, in LL., to support, sustain; sub under +
portare to carry. See {Port} demeanor.]
1. To bear by being under; to keep from falling; to uphold;
to sustain, in a literal or physical sense; to prop up; to
bear the weight of; as, a pillar supports a structure; an
abutment supports an arch; the trunk of a tree supports
the branches.
2. To endure without being overcome, exhausted, or changed in
character; to sustain; as, to support pain, distress, or
misfortunes.
This fierce demeanor and his insolence The patience
of a god could not support. --Dryden.
3. To keep from failing or sinking; to solace under affictive
circumstances; to assist; to encourage; to defend; as, to
support the courage or spirits.
4. To assume and carry successfully, as the part of an actor;
to represent or act; to sustain; as, to support the
character of King Lear.
5. To furnish with the means of sustenance or livelihood; to
maintain; to provide for; as, to support a family; to
support the ministers of the gospel.
6. To carry on; to enable to continue; to maintain; as, to
support a war or a contest; to support an argument or a
debate.
7. To verify; to make good; to substantiate; to establish; to
sustain; as, the testimony is not sufficient to support
the charges; the evidence will not support the statements
or allegations.
To urge such arguments, as though they were
sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme
of moral philosophy. --J. Edwards.
8. To vindicate; to maintain; to defend successfully; as, to
be able to support one's own cause.
9. To uphold by aid or countenance; to aid; to help; to back
up; as, to support a friend or a party; to support the
present administration.
Wherefore, bold pleasant, Darest thou support a
published traitor? --Shak.
10. A attend as an honorary assistant; as, a chairman
supported by a vice chairman; O'Connell left the prison,
supported by his two sons.
{Support arms} (Mil.), a command in the manual of arms in
responce to which the piece is held vertically at the
shoulder, with the hammer resting on the left forearm,
which is passed horizontally across the body in front;
also, the position assumed in response to this command.
Syn: To maintain; endure; verify; substantiate; countenance;
patronize; help; back; second; succor; relieve; uphold;
encourage; favor; nurture; nourish; cherish; shield;
defend; protect; stay; assist; forward.
Support \Sup*port"\, n. [F.]
1. The act, state, or operation of supporting, upholding, or
sustaining.
2. That which upholds, sustains, or keeps from falling, as a
prop, a pillar, or a foundation of any kind.
3. That which maintains or preserves from being overcome,
falling, yielding, sinking, giving way, or the like;
subsistence; maintenance; assistance; re["e]nforcement;
as, he gave his family a good support, the support of
national credit; the assaulting column had the support of
a battery.
{Points of support} (Arch.), the horizontal area of the
solids of a building, walls, piers, and the like, as
compared with the open or vacant spaces.
{Right of support} (Law), an easement or servitude by which
the owner of a house has a right to rest his timber on the
walls of his neighbor's house. --Kent.
Syn: Stay; prop; maintenance; subsistence; assistance; favor;
countenance; encouragement; patronage; aid; help;
succor; nutriment; sustenance; food.
Supportable \Sup*port"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. supportable.]
Capable of being supported, maintained, or endured;
endurable. -- {Sup*port"a*ble*ness}, n. -- {Sup*port"a*bly},
adv.
Supportance \Sup*port"ance\, n.
Support. [Obs.] --Shak.
Supportation \Sup`por*ta"tion\, n.
Maintenance; support. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Bacon.
Supporter \Sup*port"er\, n.
1. One who, or that which, supports; as, oxygen is a
supporter of life.
The sockets and supporters of flowers are figured.
--Bacon.
The saints have a . . . supporter in all their
miseries. --South.
2. Especially, an adherent; one who sustains, advocates, and
defends; as, the supporter of a party, faction, or
candidate.
3. (Shipbuilding) A knee placed under the cathead.
4. (Her.) A figure, sometimes of a man, but commonly of some
animal, placed on either side of an escutcheon, and
exterior to it. Usually, both supporters of an escutcheon
are similar figures.
5. (Med.) A broad band or truss for supporting the abdomen or
some other part or organ.
Supportful \Sup*port"ful\, a.
Abounding with support. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Supportless \Sup*port"less\, a.
Having no support. --Milton.
Supportment \Sup*port"ment\, n.
Support. [Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Supportress \Sup*port"ress\, n.
A female supporter. [R.]
You are my gracious patroness and supportress.
--Massinger.
Supposable \Sup*pos"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being supposed, or imagined to exist; as, that is
not a supposable case. -- {Sup*pos"a*ble*ness}, n. --
{Sup*pos"a*bly}, adv.
Supposal \Sup*pos"al\, n.
The act of supposing; also, that which is supposed;
supposition; opinion. --Shak.
Interest, with a Jew, never proceeds but upon supposal,
at least, of a firm and sufficient bottom. --South.
Suppose \Sup*pose"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Supposed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Supposing}.] [F. supposer; pref. sub- under + poser
to place; -- corresponding in meaning to L. supponere,
suppositum, to put under, to substitute, falsify,
counterfeit. See {Pose}.]
1. To represent to one's self, or state to another, not as
true or real, but as if so, and with a view to some
consequence or application which the reality would involve
or admit of; to imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of
argument or illustration; to assume to be true; as, let us
suppose the earth to be the center of the system, what
would be the result?
Suppose they take offence without a cause. --Shak.
When we have as great assurance that a thing is, as
we could possibly, supposing it were, we ought not
to make any doubt of its existence. --Tillotson.
2. To imagine; to believe; to receive as true.
How easy is a bush supposed a bear! --Shak.
Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the
young men, the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead.
--2 Sam. xiii.
32.
3. To require to exist or to be true; to imply by the laws of
thought or of nature; as, purpose supposes foresight.
One falsehood always supposes another, and renders
all you can say suspected. --Female
Quixote.
4. To put by fraud in the place of another. [Obs.]
Syn: To imagine; believe; conclude; judge; consider; view;
regard; conjecture; assume.
Suppose \Sup*pose"\, v. i.
To make supposition; to think; to be of opinion. --Acts ii.
15.
Suppose \Sup*pose"\, n.
Supposition. [Obs.] --Shak. ``A base suppose that he is
honest.'' --Dryden.
Supposeer \Sup*pose"er\, n.
One who supposes.
Supposition \Sup`po*si"tion\, n. [F. supposition, L. suppositio
a placing under, a substitution, fr. supponere, suppositium,
to put under, to substitute. The word has the meaning
corresponding to suppose. See {Sub-}, and {Position}.]
1. The act of supposing, laying down, imagining, or
considering as true or existing, what is known not to be
true, or what is not proved.
2. That which is supposed; hypothesis; conjecture; surmise;
opinion or belief without sufficient evidence.
This is only an infallibility upon supposition that
if a thing be true, it is imposible to be false.
--Tillotson.
He means are in supposition. --Shak.
Suppositional \Sup`po*si"tion*al\, a.
Resting on supposition; hypothetical; conjectural; supposed.
--South.
Supposititious \Sup*pos`i*ti"tious\, a. [L. suppositicus. See
{Supposition}.]
1. Fraudulently substituted for something else; not being
what is purports to be; not genuine; spurious;
counterfeit; as, a supposititious child; a supposititious
writing. --Bacon.
2. Suppositional; hypothetical. [R.] --Woodward. --
{Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ly}, adv. --
{Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ness}, n.
Suppositive \Sup*pos"i*tive\, a. [Cf. F. suppositif.]
Including or implying supposition, or hypothesis; supposed.
-- {Sup*pos"i*tive*ly}, adv. --Hammond.
Suppositive \Sup*pos"i*tive\, n.
A word denoting or implying supposition, as the words if,
granting, provided, etc. --Harris.
Suppositor \Sup*pos"i*tor\, n. (Med.)
An apparatus for the introduction of suppositories into the
rectum.
Suppository \Sup*pos"i*to*ry\, n.; pl. {Suppositories}. [LL.
suppositorium, fr. L. suppositorius that is placed
underneath: cf. F. suppositoire. See {Supposition}.] (Med.)
A pill or bolus for introduction into the rectum; esp., a
cylinder or cone of medicated cacao butter.
Supposure \Sup*po"sure\, n.
Supposition; hypothesis; conjecture. [Obs.] --Hudibras.
Suppress \Sup*press"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suppressed}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Suppressing}.] [L. suppressus, p. p. of supprimere
to suppress; sub under + premere, pressum, to press. See
{Sub-}, and {Press}.]
1. To overpower and crush; to subdue; to put down; to quell.
Every rebellion, when it is suppressed, doth make
the subject weaker, and the prince stronger. --Sir
J. Davies.
2. To keep in; to restrain from utterance or vent; as, to
suppress the voice; to suppress a smile. --Sir W. Scott.
3. To retain without disclosure; to conceal; not to reveal;
to prevent publication of; as, to suppress evidence; to
suppress a pamphlet; to suppress the truth.
She suppresses the name, and this keeps him in a
pleasing suspense. --Broome.
4. To stop; to restrain; to arrest the discharges of; as, to
suppress a diarrhea, or a hemorrhage.
Syn: To repress; restrain; put down; overthrow; overpower;
overwhelm; conceal; stifle; stop; smother.
Suppressible \Sup*press"i*ble\, a.
That may be suppressed.
Suppression \Sup*pres"sion\, n. [L. suppressio: cf. F.
suppression.]
1. The act of suppressing, or the state of being suppressed;
repression; as, the suppression of a riot, insurrection,
or tumult; the suppression of truth, of reports, of
evidence, and the like.
2. (Med.) Complete stoppage of a natural secretion or
excretion; as, suppression of urine; -- used in
contradiction to retention, which signifies that the
secretion or excretion is retained without expulsion.
--Quain.
3. (Gram.) Omission; as, the suppression of a word.
Syn: Overthrow; destruction; concealment; repression;
detention; retention; obstruction.
Suppressive \Sup*press"ive\, a.
Tending to suppress; subduing; concealing.
Suppressor \Sup*press"or\, n. [L., hider.]
One who suppresses.
Supprise \Sup*prise"\, v. t.
To surprise. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Suppurant \Sup"pu*rant\, n. (Med.)
A suppurative.
Suppurate \Sup"pu*rate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Suppurated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Suppurating}.] [L. suppuratus, p. p. of
suppurare to suppurate, cause to suppurate; sub under + pus,
puris, matter. See {Pus}.]
To generate pus; as, a boil or abscess suppurates.
Suppurate \Sup"pu*rate\, v. t.
To cause to generate pus; as, to suppurate a sore.
--Arbuthnot.
Suppuration \Sup`pu*ra"tion\, n. [L. suppuratio: cf. F.
suppuration.]
1. The act or process of suppurating.
2. The matter produced by suppuration; pus.
Suppurative \Sup"pu*ra*tive\, a. [Cf. F. suppuratif.]
Tending to suppurate; promoting suppuration.
{Suppurative fever} (Med.), py[ae]mia.
Suppurative \Sup"pu*ra*tive\, n. (Med.)
A suppurative medicine.
Supputate \Sup"pu*tate\, v. t. [L. supputatus, p. p. of
supputare. See {Suppute}.]
To suppute. [Obs.]
Supputation \Sup`pu*ta"tion\, n. [L. supputatio: cf. F.
supputation.]
Reckoning; account. [Obs.]
Suppute \Sup*pute"\, v. t. [F. supputer, or L. supputare; sub
under + putare to reckon.]
To reckon; to compute; to suppose; to impute. [Obs.]
--Drayton.
Supra \Su"pra\, adv. [L.; akin to super. See {Super-}.]
Over; above; before; also, beyond; besides; -- much used as a
prefix.
Supra-acromial \Su`pra-a*cro"mi*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above the acromial process of the scapula.
Supra-angular \Su`pra-an"gu*lar\, a. (Anat.)
See {Surangular}.
Supra-auricular \Su`pra-au*ric"u*lar\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Situated above the ear coverts, or auriculars; -- said of
certain feathers of birds. -- n. A supra-auricular feather.
Supra-axillary \Su"pra-ax"il*la*ry\, a. (Bot.)
Growing above the axil; inserted above the axil, as a
peduncle. See {Suprafoliaceous}.
Suprabranchial \Su`pra*bran"chi*al\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Situated above the branchi[ae]; -- applied especially to the
upper division of the gill cavity of bivalve mollusks.
Suprachoroid \Su`pra*cho"roid\, Suprachoroidal
\Su`pra*cho*roid"al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above the choroid; -- applied to the layer of the
choroid coat of the eyeball next to the sclerotic.
Supraciliary \Su`pra*cil"i*a*ry\, a. (Anat.)
Superciliary.
Supraclavicle \Su`pra*clav"i*cle\, n. (Anat.)
A bone which usually connects the clavicle with the
post-temporal in the pectorial arch of fishes.
Supraclavicular \Su`pra*cla*vic"u*lar\, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated above the clavicle.
(b) Of or pertaining to the supraclavicle.
Supracondylar \Su`pra*con"dy*lar\, Supracondyloid
\Su`pra*con"dy*loid\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above a condyle or condyles.
Supracostal \Su`pra*cos"tal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above, or on the outside of, the ribs.
Supracranial \Su`pra*cra"ni*al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above, or in the roof of, the cranium.
Supracretaceous \Su`pra*cre*ta"ceous\, a. (Geol.)
Lying above the chalk; Supercretaceous.
Supradecompound \Su`pra*de*com"pound\, a. (Bot.)
More than decompound; divided many times.
Supra-esophagal \Su`pra-e*soph"a*gal\, Supra-esophageal
\Su`pra-e`so*phag"e*al\, a. (Bot. & Zo["o]l.)
Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the esophagus; as,
the supra-esophageal ganglion of Crustacea. [Written also
{supra-[oe]sophagal}, and {supra-[oe]sophageal}.]
Supra-ethmoid \Su`pra-eth"moid\, a. (Anat.)
Above, or on the dorsal side of, the ethmoid bone or
cartilage.
Suprafoliaceous \Su`pra*fo`li*a"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Inserted into the stem above the leaf, petiole, or axil, as a
peduncle or flower.
Supraglotic \Su`pra*glot"ic\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above the glottis; -- applied to that part of the
cavity of the larynx above the true vocal cords.
Suprahepatic \Su`pra*he*pat"ic\, a. (Anat.)
Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the liver; --
applied to the branches of the hepatic veins.
Suprahyoid \Su`pra*hy"oid\, a. (Anat.)
Hyomental.
Supra-ilium \Su`pra-il"i*um\, n. (Anat.)
The cartilaginous cap at the sacral end of the ilium of some
animals.
Supralapsarian \Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an\, n. [Supra- + lapse: cf. F.
supralapsaire.] (Eccl. Hist.)
One of that class of Calvinists who believed that God's
decree of election determined that man should fall, in order
that the opportunity might be furnished of securing the
redemption of a part of the race, the decree of salvation
being conceived of as formed before or beyond, and not after
or following, the lapse, or fall. Cf. {Infralapsarian}.
Supralapsarian \Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Supralapsarians, or their doctrine.
Supralapsarianism \Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism\, n.
The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Supralapsarians.
Supralapsary \Su`pra*lap"sa*ry\, a.
Supralapsarian.
Supralapsary \Su`pra*lap"sa*ry\, n.
A Supralapsarian.
Supraloral \Su`pra*lo"ral\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Situated above the lores; as, the supraloral feathers of a
bird. -- n. A supraloral feather.
Supralunar \Su`pra*lu"nar\, Supralunary \Su`pra*lu"na*ry\, a.
Beyond the moon; hence, very lofty.
Supramaxilla \Su`pra*max"il*la\, n.; pl. {Supramaxill[ae]}.
(Anat.)
The upper jaw or maxilla.
Supramaxillary \Su`pra*max"il*la*ry\, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated over the lower jaw; as, the supramaxillary
nerve.
(b) Of or pertaining to the upper jaw.
Supramundane \Su`pra*mun"dane\, a.
Being or situated above the world or above our system;
celestial.
Supranaturalism \Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ism\, n.
The state of being supernatural; belief in supernatural
agency or revelation; supernaturalism.
Supranaturalist \Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist\, n.
A supernaturalist.
Supranaturalist \Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist\, Supranaturalistic
\Su`pra*nat`u*ral*is"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to supernaturalism; supernaturalistic.
Supraoccipital \Su`pra*oc*cip"i*tal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated over, or in the upper part of, the occiput; of or
pertaining to the supraoccipital bone. -- n. The
supraoccipital bone.
{Supraoccipital bone} (Anat.), a bone on the dorsal side of
the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a part of
the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young.
Supraocular \Su`pra*oc"u*lar\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Above the eyes; -- said of certain scales of fishes and
reptiles.
Supra-oesophagal \Su`pra-[oe]*soph"a*gal\, a. (Anat.)
See {Supra-esophagal}.
Supraorbital \Su`pra*or"bit*al\, Supraorbitar
\Su`pra*or"bit*ar\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above the orbit of the eye.
{Supraorbital point} (Anat.), the middle point of the
supraorbital line, which is a line drawn across the
narrowest part of the forehead, separating the face from
the cranium; the ophryon.
Suprapedal \Su*prap"e*dal\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Situated above the foot of a mollusk; as, the suprapedal
gland.
Supraprotest \Su`pra*pro"test\, n. (Mercantile Law)
An acceptance of a bill by a third person after protest for
nonacceptance by the drawee. --Burrill.
Suprapubian \Su`pra*pu"bi*an\, Suprapubic \Su`pra*pu"bic\, a.
(Anat.)
Situated above, or anterior to, the pubic bone.
Suprarenal \Su`pra*re"nal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above, or anterior to, the kidneys. -- n. A
suprarenal capsule.
{Suprarenal capsules} (Anat.), two small bodies of unknown
function in front of, or near, the kidneys in most
vertebrates. Also called {renal capsules}, and {suprarenal
bodies}.
Suprascalpular \Su`pra*scalp"u*lar\, Suprascalpulary
\Su`pra*scalp"u*la*ry\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above, or on the anterior side of, the scapula.
Suprasphenoidal \Su`pra*sphe*noid"al\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above the sphenoidal bone; as, the suprasphenoidal
appendage, or pituitary body.
Supraspinal \Su`pra*spi"nal\, a. (Anat.)
(a) Situated above the vertebral column.
(b) Situated above a spine or spines; supraspinate;
supraspinous.
Supraspinate \Su`pra*spi"nate\, Supraspinous \Su`pra*spi"nous\,
a. (Anat.)
Situated above a spine or spines; especially, situated above,
or on the dorsal side of, the neural spines of the vertebral
column, or above, or in front of, the spine of the scapula.
Suprastapedial \Su`pra*sta*pe"di*al\, a. (Anat.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, that part of the columella
of the ear which projects above the connection with the
stapes, as in many animals. -- n. The suprastapedial part of
the columella.
Suprasternal \Su`pra*ster"nal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above, or anterior to, the sternum.
Supratemporal \Su`pra*tem"po*ral\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above the temporal bone or temporal fossa. -- n. A
supratemporal bone.
Supratrochlear \Su`pra*troch"le*ar\, a. (Anat.)
Situated over or above a trochlea or trochlear surface; --
applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal
nerve.
Supravaginal \Su`pra*vag"i*nal\, a. (Anat.)
Situated above or outside a sheath or vaginal membrane.
Supravision \Su`pra*vi"sion\, n.
Supervision. [Obs.]
Supravisor \Su`pra*vis"or\, n.
A supervisor. [Obs.]
Supravulgar \Su`pra*vul"gar\, a.
Being above the vulgar or common people. [R.] --Collier.
Supremacy \Su*prem"a*cy\, n. [Cf. F. supr['e]matie. See
{Supreme}.]
The state of being supreme, or in the highest station of
power; highest or supreme authority or power; as, the
supremacy of a king or a parliament.
The usurped power of the pope being destroyed, the
crown was restored to its supremacy over spiritual men
and causes. --Blackstone.
{Oath supremacy}, an oath which acknowledges the supremacy of
the sovereign in spiritual affairs, and renounced or
abjures the supremacy of the pope in ecclesiastical or
temporal affairs. [Eng.] --Brande & C.
Supreme \Su*preme"\, a. [L. supremus, superlative of superus
that is above, upper, fr. super above: cf. F. supr[^e]me. See
{Super-}, and cf. {Sum}.]
1. Highest in authority; holding the highest place in
authority, government, or power.
He that is the supreme King of kings. --Shak.
2. Highest; greatest; most excellent or most extreme; utmost;
greatist possible (sometimes in a bad sense); as, supreme
love; supreme glory; supreme magnanimity; supreme folly.
Each would be supreme within its own sphere, and
those spheres could not but clash. --De Quincey.
3. (Bot.) Situated at the highest part or point.
{The Supreme}, the Almighty; God.
Supremely \Su*preme"ly\, adv.
In a supreme manner.
Supremity \Su*prem"i*ty\, n. [Cf. LL. supremitas.]
Supremacy. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Sur- \Sur-\ [F. sur over, above, contr. fr. L. super, supra. See
{Super-}.]
A prefix signifying over, above, beyond, upon.
Sura \Su"ra\, n. [Ar., a step, a degree.]
One of the sections or chapters of the Koran, which are one
hundred and fourteen in number.
Suradanni \Su`ra*dan"ni\, n.
A valuable kind of wood obtained on the shores of the
Demerara River in South America, much used for timbers,
rails, naves and fellies of wheels, and the like.
Suraddition \Sur`ad*di"tion\, n. [F.]
Something added or appended, as to a name. [Obs.] --Shak.
Surah \Su"rah\, n.
A soft twilled silk fabric much used for women's dresses; --
called also {surah silk}.
Sural \Su"ral\, a. [L. sura the calf of the leg: cf. F. sural.]
(Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the calf of the leg; as, the sural
arteries.
Surance \Sur"ance\, n.
Assurance. [Obs.] --Shak.
Surangular \Sur*an"gu*lar\, a. [Pref. sur- + angular.] (Anat.)
Above the angular bone; supra-angular; -- applied to a bone
of the lower jaw in many reptiles and birds. -- n. The
surangular bone.
Surbase \Sur"base`\, n. [Pref. sur- + base.]
1. (Arch.) A cornice, or series of moldings, on the top of
the base of a pedestal, podium, etc. See Illust. of
{Column}.
2. A board or group of moldings running round a room on a
level with the tops of the chair backs. --Knight.
Surbased \Sur"based`\, a. (Arch.)
(a) Having a surbase, or molding above the base.
(b) [F. surbaiss['e].] Having the vertical height from
springing line to crown less than the half span; --
said of an arch; as, a segmental arch is surbased.
Surbate \Sur*bate"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surbated}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Surbating}.] [F. solbatu, p. p., bruised (said of a
horse's foot); sole a sole (of a horse's foot) + battu, p. p.
of battre to beat.]
1. To make sore or bruise, as the feet by travel. [Obs.]
Lest they their fins should bruise, and surbate sore
Their tender feet upon the stony ground. --Spenser.
Chalky land surbates and spoils oxen's feet.
--Mortimer.
2. To harass; to fatigue. [Obs.] --Clarendon.
Surbeat \Sur*beat"\, v. t.
Same as {Surbate}. [Obs.]
Surbed \Sur*bed"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surbedded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Surbedding}.] [Pref. sur- + bed.]
To set edgewise, as a stone; that is, to set it in a position
different from that which it had in the quarry.
It . . . has something of a grain parallel with the
horizon, and therefore should not be surbedded.
--Gilbert
White.
Surbet \Sur*bet"\, v. t.
Same as {Surbate}. [Obs.]
Surbet \Sur*bet"\, a.
Surbated; bruised. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Surcease \Sur*cease"\, n. [F. sursis, from sursis, p. p. of
surseoir to suspend, postpone, defer, in OF., to delay,
refrain from, forbear, L. supersedere. Surcease is not
connected with E. cease. See {Supersede}.]
Cessation; stop; end. ``Not desire, but its surcease.''
--Longfellow.
It is time that there were an end and surcease made of
this immodest and deformed manner of writing. --Bacon.
Surcease \Sur*cease"\, v. t.
To cause to cease; to end. [Obs.] ``The waves . . . their
range surceast.'' --Spenser.
The nations, overawed, surceased the fight. --Dryden.
Surcease \Sur*cease"\, v. i.
To cease. [Obs.]
Surceaseance \Sur*cease"ance\, n.
Cessation. [Obs.]
Surcharge \Sur*charge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surcharged}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Surcharging}.] [F. surcharger. See {Sur-}, and
{Charge}, and cf. {Overcharge}, {Supercharge}, {Supercargo}.]
1. To overload; to overburden; to overmatch; to overcharge;
as, to surcharge a beast or a ship; to surcharge a cannon.
Four charged two, and two surcharged one. --Spenser.
Your head reclined, as hiding grief from view,
Droops like a rose surcharged with morning dew.
--Dryden.
2. (Law)
(a) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into, as
a common, than the person has a right to do, or more
than the herbage will sustain. Blackstone.
(b) (Equity) To show an omission in (an account) for which
credit ought to have been given. --Story. Daniel.
Surcharge \Sur*charge"\, n. [F.]
1. An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater
than can well be borne.
A numerous nobility causeth poverty and
inconvenience in a state, for it is surcharge of
expense. --Bacon.
2. (Law)
(a) The putting, by a commoner, of more beasts on the
common than he has a right to.
(b) (Equity) The showing an omission, as in an account,
for which credit ought to have been given. --Burrill.
Surchargement \Sur*charge"ment\, n.
The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus. [Obs.]
--Daniel.
Surcharger \Sur*char"ger\, n.
One who surcharges.
Surcingle \Sur"cin`gle\, n. [OE. sursengle, OF. sursangle. See
{Sur-}, and {Cingle}, {Shingles}.]
1. A belt, band, or girth which passes over a saddle, or over
anything laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast.
2. (Eccl.) The girdle of a cassock, by which it is fastened
round the waist.
Surcingled \Sur"cin`gled\, a.
Bound with the surcingle.
Surcle \Sur"cle\, n. [L. surculus.]
A little shoot; a twig; a sucker. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne.
Surcloy \Sur"cloy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surcloyed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Surcloying}.]
To surfeit. [Obs.]
Surcoat \Sur"coat`\, n. [OE. surcote, OF. surcote. See {Sur-},
and {Coat}, and cf. {Overcoat}.]
1. A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long
and flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and
frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer.
A long surcoat of pers upon he had.. --Chaucer.
At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he
doffs at morn. --Emerson.
2. A name given to the outer garment of either sex at
different epochs of the Middle Ages.
Surcrew \Sur"crew`\, n. [From F. surcro[^i]t increase, or
surcr[^u], p. p. of surcro[^i]tre to overgrow.]
Increase; addition; surplus. [Obs.] --Sir H. Wotton.
Surculate \Sur"cu*late\, v. t. [L. surculatus, p. p. of
surculare to purne, from surculus a shoot, sprout. See
{Surcle}.]
To purne; to trim. [Obs.] --Cockeram.
Surculation \Sur`cu*la"tion\, n.
Act of purning. [Obs.]
Surculose \Sur"cu*lose`\, a. [CF. L. sucrulosus woody. See
{Surcle}.] (Bot.)
Producing suckers, or shoots resembling suckers.
Surd \Surd\, a. [L. surdus deaf (whence the meaning, deaf to
reason, irrational), perhaps akin to E. swart. Cf.
{Sordine}.]
1. Net having the sense of hearing; deaf. [Obs.] ``A surd . .
. generation.'' --Sir T. Browne.
2. Unheard. [Obs.] --Kenrick.
3. (Math.) Involving surds; not capable of being expressed in
rational numbers; radical; irrational; as, a surd
expression or quantity; a surd number.
4. (Phonetics) Uttered, as an element of speech, without
tone, or proper vocal sound; voiceless; unintonated;
nonvocal; atonic; whispered; aspirated; sharp; hard, as f,
p, s, etc.; -- opposed to sonant. See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect][sect]169, 179, 180.
Surd \Surd\, n. (Math.)
1. A quantity which can not be expressed by rational numbers;
thus, [root]2 is a surd.
2. (Phon.) A surd element of speech. See {Surd}, a., 4.
Surdal \Surd"al\, a. (Math.)
Same as {Surd}, a., 3.
Surdiny \Surd"i*ny\, n.
A sardine. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
Surdity \Surd"i*ty\, n. [L. surditas.]
Deafness. [Obs.]
Sure \Sure\, a. [Compar. {Surer}; superl. {Surest}.] [OE. sur,
OF. se["u]r, F. s[^u]r, L. securus; se aside, without + cura
care. See {Secure}, and cf. {Assure}, {Insure}, {Sicker}
sure.]
1. Certainly knowing and believing; confident beyond doubt;
implicity trusting; unquestioning; positive.
We are sure that the judgment of God is according to
truth against them which commit such things. --Rom.
ii. 2.
I'm sure care 's an enemy of life. --Shak.
2. Certain to find or retain; as, to be sure of game; to be
sure of success; to be sure of life or health.
3. Fit or worthy to be depended on; certain not to fail or
disappoint expectation; unfailing; strong; permanent;
enduring. ``His sure word.'' --Keble.
The Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house;
because my lord fighteth the battles of the Lord.
--1 Sam. xxv.
28.
The testimony of the Lord is sure. --Ps. xix. 7.
Which put in good sure leather sacks. --Chapman.
4. Betrothed; engaged to marry. [Obs.]
The king was sure to Dame Elizabeth Lucy, and her
husband before God. --Sir T. More.
I presume . . . that you had been sure as fast as
faith could bind you, man and wife. --Brome.
5. Free from danger; safe; secure.
Fear not; the forest is not three leagues off; If we
recover that we are sure enough. --Shak.
{To be sure}, or {Be sure}, certainly; without doubt; as,
Shall you do? To be sure I shall.
{To make sure}.
(a) To make certain; to secure so that there can be no
failure of the purpose or object. ``Make Cato sure.''
--Addison. ``A peace can not fail, provided we make
sure of Spain.'' --Sir W. Temple.
(b) To betroth. [Obs.]
She that's made sure to him she loves not well.
--Cotgrave.
Syn: Certain; unfailing; infallible; safe; firm; permanent;
steady; stable; strong; secure; indisputable; confident;
positive.
Sure \Sure\, adv.
In a sure manner; safely; certainly. ``Great, sure, shall be
thy meed.'' --Spenser.
'T is pleasant, sure, to see one's name in print.
--Byron.
Sure-footed \Sure"-foot`ed\, a.
Not liable to stumble or fall; as, a sure-footed horse.
Surely \Sure"ly\, adv.
1. In a sure or certain manner; certainly; infallibly;
undoubtedly; assuredly.
In the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt
surely die. --Gen. ii. 17.
He that created something out of nothing, surely can
raise great things out of small. --South.
2. Without danger; firmly; steadly; securely.
He that walketh uprightly walketh surely. --Prov. x.
9.
Surement \Sure"ment\, n.
A making sure; surety. [Obs.]
Every surement and every bond. --Chaucer.
Sureness \Sure"ness\, n.
The state of being sure; certainty.
For more sureness he repeats it. --Woodward.
The law holds with equal sureness for all right action.
--Emerson.
Suresby \Sures"by\, n. [Etymol. uncertain. See {Rudesby}.]
One to be sure of, or to be relied on. [Obs.]
There is one which is suresby, as they say, to serve,
if anything will serve. --Bradford.
Suretiship \Sure"ti*ship\, n.
Suretyship. --Prov. xi. 15.
Surety \Sure"ty\, n.; pl. {Sureties}. [OE. seurte, OF.
se["u]rt['e], F. s[^u]ret['e]. See {Sure}, {Security}.]
1. The state of being sure; certainty; security.
Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger
in a land that is not theirs. --Gen. xv. 13.
For the more surety they looked round about. --Sir
P. Sidney.
2. That which makes sure; that which confirms; ground of
confidence or security.
[We] our happy state Hold, as you yours, while our
obedience holds; On other surety none. --Milton.
3. Security against loss or damage; security for payment, or
for the performance of some act.
There remains unpaid A hundred thousand more; in
surety of the which One part of Aquitaine is bound
to us. --Shak.
4. (Law) One who is bound with and for another who is
primarily liable, and who is called the principal; one who
engages to answer for another's appearance in court, or
for his payment of a debt, or for performance of some act;
a bondsman; a bail.
He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it.
--Prov. xi.
15.
5. Hence, a substitute; a hostage. --Cowper.
6. Evidence; confirmation; warrant. [Obs.]
She called the saints to surety, That she would
never put it from her finger, Unless she gave it to
yourself. --Shak.
Surety \Sure"ty\, v. t.
To act as surety for. [Obs.] --Shak.
Suretyship \Sure"ty*ship\, n.
The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to
answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another.
--Bouvier.
Surf \Surf\, n. [Formerly spelled suffe, and probably the same
word as E. sough.]
The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore, esp. upon a
sloping beach.
{Surf bird} (Zo["o]l.), a ploverlike bird of the genus
{Aphriza}, allied to the turnstone.
{Surf clam} (Zo["o]l.), a large clam living on the open
coast, especially {Mactra, or Spisula, solidissima}. See
{Mactra}.
{Surf duck} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of sea
ducks of the genus {Oidemia}, especially {O.
percpicillata}; -- called also {surf scoter}. See the Note
under {Scoter}.
{Surf fish} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
California embiotocoid fishes. See {Embiotocoid}.
{Surf smelt}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Smelt}.
{Surf whiting}. (Zo["o]l.) See under {Whiting}.
Surf \Surf\, n.
The bottom of a drain. [Prov. Eng.]
Surface \Sur"face`\, n. [F. See {Sur-}, and {Face}, and cf.
{Superficial}.]
1. The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth;
one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face;
superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth;
the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
The bright surface of this ethereous mold. --Milton.
2. Hence, outward or external appearance.
Vain and weak understandings, which penetrate no
deeper than the surface. --V. Knox.
3. (Geom.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without
thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical
surface.
4. (Fort.) That part of the side which is terminated by the
flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
--Stocqueler.
{Caustic surface}, {Heating surface}, etc. See under
{Caustic}, {Heating}, etc.
{Surface condensation}, {Surface condenser}. See under
{Condensation}, and {Condenser}.
{Surface gauge} (Mach.), an instrument consisting of a
standard having a flat base and carrying an adjustable
pointer, for gauging the evenness of a surface or its
height, or for marking a line parallel with a surface.
{Surface grub} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of the great yellow
underwing moth ({Triph[oe]na pronuba}). It is often
destructive to the roots of grasses and other plants.
{Surface plate} (Mach.), a plate having an accurately dressed
flat surface, used as a standard of flatness by which to
test other surfaces.
{Surface printing}, printing from a surface in relief, as
from type, in distinction from plate printing, in which
the ink is contained in engraved lines.
Surface \Sur"face\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surfaced}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Surfacing}.]
1. To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a
smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
2. To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting
for gold.
Surfacer \Sur"fa*cer\, n.
A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal,
stone, etc.
Surfboat \Surf"boat`\, n. (Naut.)
A boat intended for use in heavy surf. It is built with a
pronounced sheer, and with a view to resist the shock of
waves and of contact with the beach.
Surfeit \Sur"feit\, n. [OE. surfet, OF. surfait, sorfait,
excess, arrogance, crime, fr. surfaire, sorfaire, to augment,
exaggerate, F. surfaire to overcharge; sur over + faire to
make, do, L. facere. See {Sur-}, and {Fact}.]
1. Excess in eating and drinking.
Let not Sir Surfeit sit at thy board. --Piers
Plowman.
Now comes the sick hour that his surfeit made.
--Shak.
2. Fullness and oppression of the system, occasioned often by
excessive eating and drinking.
To prevent surfeit and other diseases that are
incident to those that heat their blood by travels.
--Bunyan.
3. Disgust caused by excess; satiety. --Sir P. Sidney.
Matter and argument have been supplied abundantly,
and even to surfeit. --Burke.
Surfeit \Sur"feit\, v. i.
1. To load the stomach with food, so that sickness or
uneasiness ensues; to eat to excess.
They are as sick that surfeit with too much as they
that starve with nothing. --Shak.
2. To indulge to satiety in any gratification.
Surfeit \Sur"feit\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surfeited}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Surfeiting}.]
1. To feed so as to oppress the stomach and derange the
function of the system; to overfeed, and produce satiety,
sickness, or uneasiness; -- often reflexive; as, to
surfeit one's self with sweets.
2. To fill to satiety and disgust; to cloy; as, he surfeits
us with compliments. --V. Knox.
Surfeiter \Sur"feit*er\, n.
One who surfeits. --Shak.
Surfeit-water \Sur"feit-wa`ter\, n.
Water for the cure of surfeits. [Obs.] --Locke.
Surfel \Sur"fel\, Surfle \Sur"fle\, v. t. [Cf. {Sulphur}.]
To wash, as the face, with a cosmetic water, said by some to
be prepared from the sulphur. [Obs.]
She shall no oftener powder her hair, [or] surfel her
cheeks, . . . but she shall as often gaze on my
picture. --Ford.
Surfer \Surf"er\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The surf duck. [U. S.]
Surfman \Surf"man\, n.; pl. {Surmen}.
One who serves in a surfboat in the life-saving service.
Surfoot \Sur"foot`\, a.
Tired or sore of foot from travel; lamed. [Obs.] --Nares.
Surfy \Surf"y\, a.
Consisting of, abounding in, or resembling, surf; as, a surfy
shore.
Scarce had they cleared the surfy waves That foam
around those frightful caves. --Moore.
Surge \Surge\, n. [L. surgere, surrectum, to raise, to rise; sub
under + regere to direct: cf. OF. surgeon, sourgeon,
fountain. See {Regent}, and cf. {Insurrection}, {Sortie},
{Source}.]
1. A spring; a fountain. [Obs.] ``Divers surges and springs
of water.'' --Ld. Berners.
2. A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water,
produced generally by a high wind.
He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven
by the wind and tossed. --James i. 6
(Rev. Ver.)
He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar, Pursues
the foaming surges to the shore. --Dryden.
3. The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.
4. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon
which the cable surges, or slips.
Surge \Surge\, v. i.
1. To swell; to rise hifg and roll.
The surging waters like a mountain rise. --Spenser.
2. (Naut.) To slip along a windlass.
Surge \Surge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Surging}.] [Cf. F. surgir to cast anchor, to land. Cf.
{Surge}, n.] (Naut.)
To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a
hawser or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a
capstan).
Surgeful \Surge"ful\, a.
Abounding in surges; surgy. ``Tossing the surgeful tides.''
--Drayton.
Surgeless \Surge"less\, a.
Free from surges; smooth; calm.
Surgent \Sur"gent\, a. [L. surgens, p. pr.]
Rising; swelling, as a flood. [R.] --Robert Greene.
Surgeon \Sur"geon\, n. [OE. surgien, OF. surgien, contr. fr.
chirurgien. See {Chirurgeon}.]
1. One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or
injuries of the body by manual operation; one whose
occupation is to cure local injuries or disorders (such as
wounds, dislocations, tumors, etc.), whether by manual
operation, or by medication and constitutional treatment.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of ch[ae]todont
fishes of the family {Teuthid[ae]}, or {Acanthurid[ae]},
which have one or two sharp lancelike spines on each side
of the base of the tail. Called also {surgeon fish},
{doctor fish}, {lancet fish}, and {sea surgeon}.
{Surgeon apothecary}, one who unites the practice of surgery
with that of the apothecary. --Dunglison.
{Surgeon dentist}, a dental surgeon; a dentist.
{Surgeon fish}. See def. 2, above.
{Surgeon general}.
(a) In the United States army, the chief of the medical
department.
(b) In the British army, a surgeon ranking next below the
chief of the medical department.
Surgeoncy \Sur"geon*cy\, n.
The office or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or
military service.
Surgeonry \Sur"geon*ry\, n.
Surgery. [Obs.]
Surgery \Sur"ge*ry\, n. [OE. surgenrie, surgerie; cf. OF.
cirurgie, F. chirurgie, L. chirurgia, Gr. ?. See {Surgeon}.]
1. The art of healing by manual operation; that branch of
medical science which treats of manual operations for the
healing of diseases or injuries of the body; that branch
of medical science which has for its object the cure of
local injuries or diseases, as wounds or fractures,
tumors, etc., whether by manual operation or by medicines
and constitutional treatment.
2. A surgeon's operating room or laboratory.
Surgical \Sur"gi*cal\, a.
Of or pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of
surgery; used in surgery; as, a surgical operation; surgical
instruments.
{Surgical fever}. (Med.)
(a) Py[ae]mia.
(b) Traumatic fever, or the fever accompanying inflammation.
Surgically \Sur"gi*cal*ly\, adv.
By means of surgery.
Surgy \Sur"gy\, a.
Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; resembling
surges in motion or appearance; swelling. ``Over the surgy
main.'' --Pope.
Suricat \Su"ri*cat\, n. [F. surikate, from the native name in
South Africa.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Zenick}. [Written also {suricate}, {surikate}.]
Surinam toad \Su`ri*nam" toad"\ (Zo["o]l.)
A species of toad native of Surinam. See {Pipa}.
Surintendant \Sur`in*tend"ant\, n. [F. See {Superintendent}.]
Superintendent. [R.]
Surlily \Sur"li*ly\, adv.
In a surly manner.
Surliness \Sur"li*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being surly.
Surling \Sur"ling\, n. [See {Surly}.]
A sour, morose fellow. [Obs.] --Camden.
Surloin \Sur"loin`\, n. [F. surlonge; sur upon + longe loin. See
{Sur-}, and {Loin}.]
A loin of beef, or the upper part of the loin. See {Sirloin},
the more usual, but not etymologically preferable,
orthography.
Surly \Sur"ly\, a. [Compar. {Surlier}; superl. {Surliest}.]
[Probably from sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e.,
proud. See {Sir}, and {Like}, a.]
1. Arrogant; haughty. [Obs.] --Cotgrave.
2. Gloomily morose; ill-natured, abrupt, and rude; severe;
sour; crabbed; rough; sullen; gloomy; as, a surly groom; a
surly dog; surly language; a surly look. ``That surly
spirit, melancholy.'' --Shak.
3. Rough; dark; tempestuous.
Now softened into joy the surly storm. --Thomson.
Surmark \Sur"mark`\, n. (Shipbuilding)
A mark made on the molds of a ship, when building, to show
where the angles of the timbers are to be placed. [Written
also {sirmark}.]
Surmisable \Sur*mis"a*ble\, a.
Capable of being surmised; as, a surmisable result.
Surmisal \Sur*mis"al\, n.
Surmise. [R.] --Milton.
Surmise \Sur*mise"\, n. [OF. surmise accusation, fr. surmettre,
p. p. surmis, to impose, accuse; sur (see {Sur-}) + mettre to
put, set, L. mittere to send. See {Mission}.]
1. A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is based upon
feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; as, the
surmisses of jealousy or of envy.
[We] double honor gain From his surmise proved
false. --Milton.
No man ought to be charged with principles he
actually disowns, unless his practicies contradict
his profession; not upon small surmises. --Swift.
2. Reflection; thought. [Obs.] --Shak.
Syn: Conjecture; supposition; suspicion; doubt.
Surmise \Sur*mise"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surmised}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Surmising}.]
To imagine without certain knowledge; to infer on slight
grounds; to suppose, conjecture, or suspect; to guess.
It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew That what
before she but surmised, was true. --Dryden.
This change was not wrought by altering the form or
position of the earth, as was surmised by a very
learned man, but by dissolving it. --Woodward.
Surmiser \Sur*mis"er\, n.
One who surmises.
Surmising \Sur*mis"ing\,
a. & n. from {Surmise}, v.
Surmount \Sur*mount"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surmounted}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Surmounting}.] [OE. sourmounten, OF. surmonter,
sormonter, F. surmonter; sur over + monter to mount. See
{Sur-}, and {Mount}, v. i.]
1. To rise above; to be higher than; to overtop.
The mountains of Olympus, Athos, and Atlas,
overreach and surmount all winds and clouds. --Sir
W. Raleigh.
2. To conquer; to overcome; as, to surmount difficulties or
obstacles. --Macaulay.
3. To surpass; to exceed. --Spenser.
What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall
delineate. --Milton.
Syn: To conquer; overcome; vanquish; subdue; surpass; exceed.
Surmountable \Sur*mount"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. surmontable.]
Capable of being surmounted or overcome; superable. --
{Sur*mount"a*ble*ness}, n.
Surmounted \Sur*mount"ed\, a.
1. (Arch.) Having its vertical height greater than the half
span; -- said of an arch.
2. (Her.) Partly covered by another charge; -- said of an
ordinary or other bearing.
Surmounter \Sur*mount"er\, n.
One who, or that which, surmounts.
Surmullet \Sur*mul"let\, n. [F. surmulet; saur, saure, brownish
yellow, red + mulet a mullet. See {Sorrel}, a., and
{Mullet}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of various species of mullets of the family
{Millid[ae]}, esp. the European species ({Millus
surmulletus}), which is highly prized as a food fish. See
{Mullet}.
Surmulot \Sur"mu*lot\, n. [F.] (Zo["o]l.)
The brown, or Norway, rat.
Surname \Sur"name`\, n. [Pref. sur + name; really a substitution
for OE. sournoun, from F. surnom. See {Sur-}, and {Noun},
{Name}.]
1. A name or appellation which is added to, or over and
above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a
family name.
Note: Surnames originally designated occupation, estate,
place of residence, or some particular thing or event
that related to the person; thus, Edmund Ironsides;
Robert Smith, or the smith; William Turner. Surnames
are often also patronymics; as, John Johnson.
2. An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen.
``My surname, Coriolanus.'' --Shak.
Note: This word has been sometimes written sirname, as if it
signified sire-name, or the name derived from one's
father.
Surname \Sur*name"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surnamed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Surnaming}.] [Cf. F. surnommer.]
To name or call by an appellation added to the original name;
to give a surname to.
Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord,
and surname himself by the name of Israel. --Isa. xliv.
5.
And Simon he surnamed Peter. --Mark iii.
16.
Surnominal \Sur*nom"i*nal\, a.
Of or pertaining to a surname or surnames.
Suroxidate \Sur*ox"i*date\, v. t. (Chem.)
To combine with oxygen so as to form a suroxide or peroxide.
[Obs.]
Suroxide \Sur*ox"ide\, n. [Cf. F. suroxyde. See {Sur-}, and
{Oxide}.] (Chem.)
A peroxide. [Obs.]
Surpass \Sur*pass"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surpassed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Surpassing}.] [F. surpasser; sur over + passer to
pass. See {Sur-}, and {Pass}.]
To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel.
This would surpass Common revenge and interrupt his
joy. --Milton.
Syn: To exceed; excel; outdo; outstrip.
Surpassable \Sur*pass"a*ble\, a.
That may be surpassed.
Surpassing \Sur*pass"ing\, a.
Eminently excellent; exceeding others. ``With surpassing
glory crowned.'' --Milton. -- {Sur*pass"ing*ly}, adv. --
{Sur*pass"ing*ness}, n.
Surphul \Sur"phul\, v. t.
To surfel. [Obs.] --Marston.
Surplice \Sur"plice\, n. [F. surplis, OF. surpeiz, LL.
superpellicium; super over + pellicium, pelliceum, a robe of
fur, L. pellicius made of skins. See {Pelisse}.] (Eccl.)
A white garment worn over another dress by the clergy of the
Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and certain other churches, in
some of their ministrations.
{Surplice fees} (Eccl.), fees paid to the English clergy for
occasional duties.
Surpliced \Sur"pliced\, a.
Wearing a surplice.
Surplus \Sur"plus\, n. [F., fr. sur over + plus more. See
{Sur-}, and {Plus}, and cf. {Superplus}.]
1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when
a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time
greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the
government.
Surplus \Sur"plus\, a.
Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as,
surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words.
When the price of corn falleth, men give over surplus
tillage, and break no more ground. --Carew.
Surplusage \Sur"plus*age\, n. [See {Surplus}, and cf.
{Superplusage}.]
1. Surplus; excess; overplus; as, surplusage of grain or
goods beyond what is wanted.
Take what thou please of all this surplusage.
--Spenser.
A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a
reduction from another part of the same creature.
--Emerson.
2. (Law) Matter in pleading which is not necessary or
relevant to the case, and which may be rejected.
3. (Accounts) A greater disbursement than the charge of the
accountant amounts to. [Obs.] --Rees.
Surprisal \Sur*pris"al\, n. [See {Surprise}, n.]
The act of surprising, or state of being surprised; surprise.
How to secure the lady from surprisal. --Milton.
Because death is uncertain, let us prevent its
surprisal. --Barrow.
Surprise \Sur*prise"\, n. [F. surprise, fr. surprendre, surpris;
sur over + prendre to take, L. prehendere. See {Sur-}, and
{Prehensile}.]
1. The act of coming upon, or taking, unawares; the act of
seizing unexpectedly; surprisal; as, the fort was taken by
surprise.
2. The state of being surprised, or taken unawares, by some
act or event which could not reasonably be foreseen;
emotion excited by what is sudden and strange; a suddenly
excited feeling of wonder or astonishment.
Pure surprise and fear Made me to quit the house.
--Shak.
3. Anything that causes such a state or emotion.
4. A dish covered with a crust of raised paste, but with no
other contents. [Obs.] --King.
{Surprise party}, a party of persons who assemble by mutual
agreement, and without invitation, at the house of a
common friend. [U.S.] --Bartlett.
Syn: Wonder; astonishment; amazement.
Surprise \Sur*prise"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surprised}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Surprising}.] [From {Surprise}, n.: cf. F.
surprendre, p. p. surpris.]
1. To come or fall suddenly and unexpectedly; to take
unawares; to seize or capture by unexpected attack.
Fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. --Isa.
xxxiii. 14.
The castle of Macduff I will surprise. --Shak.
Who can speak The mingled passions that surprised
his heart? --Thomson.
2. To strike with wonder, astonishment, or confusion, by
something sudden, unexpected, or remarkable; to confound;
as, his conduct surprised me.
I am surprised with an uncouth fear. --Shak.
Up he starts, Discovered and surprised. --Milton.
3. To lead (one) to do suddenly and without forethought; to
bring (one) into some unexpected state; -- with into; as,
to be surprised into an indiscretion; to be surprised into
generosity.
4. To hold possession of; to hold. [Obs.]
Not with me, That in my hands surprise the
sovereignity. --J. Webster.
Syn: See {Astonish}.
Surprisement \Sur*prise"ment\, n.
Surprisal. [Obs.] --Daniel.
Surpriser \Sur*pris"er\, n.
One who surprises.
Surprising \Sur*pris"ing\, a.
Exciting surprise; extraordinary; of a nature to excite
wonder and astonishment; as, surprising bravery; a surprising
escape from danger. -- {Sur*pris"ing*ly}, adv. --
{Sur*pris"ing*ness}, n.
Syn: Wonderful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonishing;
striking.
Surquedous \Sur"que*dous\, Surquedrous \Sur"que*drous\, a.
Having or exhibiting surquedry; arrogant; insolent. [Obs.]
--Gower. James II. of Scot.
Surquedry \Sur"que*dry\, Surquidry \Sur"qui*dry\, n. [OF.
surcuidier to presume; sur over + cuidier to think, L.
cogitare. See {Sur-}, and {Cogitate}.]
Overweening pride; arrogance; presumption; insolence. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Then pay you the price of your surquedry. --Spenser.
Surrebound \Sur`re*bound"\, v. i.
To give back echoes; to re["e]cho. [Obs.] --Chapman.
Surrebut \Sur`re*but"\, v. i. [Pref. sur + rebut.] (Law)
To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.
Surrebuter \Sur`re*but"er\, n. (Law)
The reply of a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.
Surrein \Sur"rein`\, v. t. [Pref. sur + rein.]
To override; to exhaust by riding. [Obs.] --Shak.
Surrejoin \Sur`re*join"\, v. i. [Pref. sur + rejoin.] (Law)
To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.
Surrejoinder \Sur`re*join"der\, n. (Law)
The answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.
Surrender \Sur*ren"der\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surrendered}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Surrendering}.] [OF. surrendre to deliver; sur
over + rendre to render. See {Sur-}, and {Render}.]
1. To yield to the power of another; to give or deliver up
possession of (anything) upon compulsion or demand; as, to
surrender one's person to an enemy or to an officer; to
surrender a fort or a ship.
2. To give up possession of; to yield; to resign; as, to
surrender a right, privilege, or advantage.
To surrender up that right which otherwise their
founders might have in them. --Hooker.
3. To yield to any influence, emotion, passion, or power; --
used reflexively; as, to surrender one's self to grief, to
despair, to indolence, or to sleep.
4. (Law) To yield; to render or deliver up; to give up; as, a
principal surrendered by his bail, a fugitive from justice
by a foreign state, or a particular estate by the tenant
thereof to him in remainder or reversion.
Surrender \Sur*ren"der\, v. i.
To give up one's self into the power of another; to yield;
as, the enemy, seeing no way of escape, surrendered at the
first summons.
Surrender \Sur*ren"der\, n.
1. The act of surrendering; the act of yielding, or resigning
one's person, or the possession of something, into the
power of another; as, the surrender of a castle to an
enemy; the surrender of a right.
That he may secure some liberty he makes a surrender
in trust of the whole of it. --Burke.
2. (Law)
(a) The yielding of a particular estate to him who has an
immediate estate in remainder or reversion.
(b) The giving up of a principal into lawful custody by
his bail.
(c) The delivery up of fugitives from justice by one
government to another, as by a foreign state. See
{Extradition}. --Wharton.
Surrenderee \Sur*ren`der*ee"\, n. (Law)
The person to whom a surrender is made. --Mozley & W.
Surrenderer \Sur*ren"der*er\, n.
One who surrenders.
Surrenderor \Sur*ren`der*or"\, n. (Law)
One who makes a surrender, as of an estate. --Bouvier.
Surrendry \Sur*ren"dry\, n.
Surrender. [Obs.]
Surreption \Sur*rep"tion\, n. [L. surreptio, or subreptio. Cf.
{Subreption}.]
1. The act or process of getting in a surreptitious manner,
or by craft or stealth.
Fame by surreption got May stead us for the time,
but lasteth not. --B. Jonson.
2. A coming unperceived or suddenly.
Surreptitious \Sur`rep*ti"tious\, a. [L. surreptitius, or
subreptitius, fr. surripere, subripere, to snatch away, to
withdraw privily; sub- under + rapere to snatch. See {Sub-},
and {Ravish}.]
Done or made by stealth, or without proper authority; made or
introduced fraudulently; clandestine; stealthy; as, a
surreptitious passage in an old manuscript; a surreptitious
removal of goods. -- {Sur`rep*ti"tious*ly}, adv.
Surrey \Sur"rey\, n.
A four-wheeled pleasure carriage, (commonly two-seated)
somewhat like a phaeton, but having a straight bottom.
Surrogate \Sur"ro*gate\, n. [L. surrogatus, p. p. of surrogare,
subrogare, to put in another's place, to substitute; sub
under + rogare to ask, ask for a vote, propose a law. See
{Rogation}, and cf. {Subrogate}.]
1. A deputy; a delegate; a substitute.
2. The deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most commonly of a
bishop or his chancellor, especially a deputy who grants
marriage licenses. [Eng.]
3. In some States of the United States, an officer who
presides over the probate of wills and testaments and
yield the settlement of estates.
Surrogate \Sur"ro*gate\, v. t.
To put in the place of another; to substitute. [R.] --Dr. H.
More.
Surrogateship \Sur"ro*gate*ship\, n.
The office of a surrogate.
Surrogation \Sur`ro*ga"tion\, n. [See {Surrogate}, n., and cf.
{Subrogation}.]
The act of substituting one person in the place of another.
[R.] --Killingbeck.
Surround \Sur*round"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surrounded}; p. pr.
& vb. n. {Surrounding}.] [OF. suronder to overflow, LL.
superundare; fr. L. super over + undare to rise in waves,
overflow, fr. unda wave. The English sense is due to the
influence of E. round. See {Super-}, and {Undulate}, and cf.
{Abound}.]
1. To inclose on all sides; to encompass; to environ.
2. To lie or be on all sides of; to encircle; as, a wall
surrounds the city.
But could instead, and ever-during dark Surrounds
me. --Milton.
3. To pass around; to travel about; to circumnavigate; as, to
surround the world. [Obs.] --Fuller.
4. (Mil.) To inclose, as a body of troops, between hostile
forces, so as to cut off means of communication or
retreat; to invest, as a city.
Syn: To encompass; encircle; environ; invest; hem in; fence
about.
Surround \Sur*round"\, n.
A method of hunting some animals, as the buffalo, by
surrounding a herd, and driving them over a precipice, into a
ravine, etc. [U.S.] --Baird.
Surrounding \Sur*round"ing\, a.
Inclosing; encircling.
Surrounding \Sur*round"ing\, n.
1. An encompassing.
2. pl. The things which surround or environ; external or
attending circumstances or conditions.
Surroyal \Sur*roy"al\, n. [Pref. sur- + royal.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the terminal branches or divisions of the beam of the
antler of the stag or other large deer.
Sursanure \Sur"sa*nure\, n. [(Assumed) OF. sursane["u]re. See
{Sur-}, and {Sane}.]
A wound healed or healing outwardly only. [Obs.]
Of a sursanure In surgery is perilous the cure.
--Chaucer.
Surseance \Sur"se*ance\, n. [OF., fr. OF. & F. surseoir. See
{Surcease}.]
Peace; quiet. [Obs.] --Bacon.
Sursolid \Sur*sol"id\, n. [F. sursolide. See {Sur-}, and
{Solid}.] (Math.)
The fifth power of a number; as, a? is the sursolid of a, or
32 that of 2. [R.] --Hutton.
Surstyle \Sur*style"\, v. t.
To surname. [R.]
Surtax \Sur"tax\, n.
An additional or extra tax.
Surtax \Sur*tax"\, v. t.
To impose an additional tax on.
Surtout \Sur*tout"\, n. [F., fr. sur over + tout all.]
A man's coat to be worn over his other garments; an overcoat,
especially when long, and fitting closely like a body coat.
--Gay.
Surturbrand \Sur"tur*brand\, n. [Icel. surtarbrandr; svartr
black + brandr a firebrand.]
A fibrous brown coal or bituminous wood.
Surucucu \Su`ru*cu"cu\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Bush master}, under {Bush}.
Surveillance \Sur*veil"lance\, n. [F., fr. surveiller to watch
over; sur over + veiller to watch, L. vigilare. See {Sur-},
and {Vigil}.]
Oversight; watch; inspection; supervision.
That sort of surveillance of which . . . the young have
accused the old. --Sir W.
Scott.
Surveillant \Sur*veil"lant\, n.; pl. {Surveillants}. [F., fr.
surveiller to watch over. See {Surveillance}.]
One who watches over another; an overseer; a spy; a
supervisor.
Surveillant \Sur*veil"lant\, a.
Overseeing; watchful.
Survene \Sur*vene"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Survened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Survening}.] [F. survenir. See {Supervene}.]
To supervene upon; to come as an addition to. [Obs.]
A suppuration that survenes lethargies. --Harvey.
Survenue \Sur"ve*nue\, n. [OF. See {Survene}.]
A sudden or unexpected coming or stepping on. [Obs.]
Survey \Sur*vey"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surveyed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Surveying}.] [OF. surveoir, surveer; sur, sor, over, E.
sur + veoir, veeir, to see, F. voir, L. videre. See {Sur-},
and {Vision}, and cf. {Supervise}.]
1. To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as
from a high place; to overlook; as, to stand on a hill,
and survey the surrounding country.
Round he surveys and well might, where he stood, So
high above. --Milton.
2. To view with a scrutinizing eye; to examine.
With such altered looks, . . . All pale and
speechless, he surveyed me round. --Dryden.
3. To examine with reference to condition, situation, value,
etc.; to examine and ascertain the state of; as, to survey
a building in order to determine its value and exposure to
loss by fire.
4. To determine the form, extent, position, etc., of, as a
tract of land, a coast, harbor, or the like, by means of
linear and angular measurments, and the application of the
principles of geometry and trigonometry; as, to survey
land or a coast.
5. To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties
of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and
value of the same. [Eng.] --Jacob (Law Dict.).
Survey \Sur"vey\, n. [Formerly accentuated universally on the
last syllable, and still so accented by many speakers.]
1. The act of surveying; a general view, as from above.
Under his proud survey the city lies. --Sir J.
Denham.
2. A particular view; an examination, especially an official
examination, of all the parts or particulars of a thing,
with a design to ascertain the condition, quantity, or
quality; as, a survey of the stores of a ship; a survey of
roads and bridges; a survey of buildings.
3. The operation of finding the contour, dimensions,
position, or other particulars of, as any part of the
earth's surface, whether land or water; also, a measured
plan and description of any portion of country, or of a
road or line through it.
{Survey of dogs}. See {Court of regard}, under {Regard}.
{Trigonometrical survey}, a survey of a portion of country by
measuring a single base, and connecting it with various
points in the tract surveyed by a series of triangles, the
angles of which are carefully measured, the relative
positions and distances of all parts being computed from
these data.
Syn: Review; retrospect; examination; prospect.
Surveyal \Sur*vey"al\, n.
Survey. [R.] --Barrow.
Surveyance \Sur*vey"ance\, n.
Survey; inspection. [R.]
Surveying \Sur*vey"ing\, n.
That branch of applied mathematics which teaches the art of
determining the area of any portion of the earth's surface,
the length and directions of the bounding lines, the contour
of the surface, etc., with an accurate delineation of the
whole on paper; the act or occupation of making surveys.
{Geodetic surveying}, geodesy.
{Maritime}, or {Nautical}, {surveying}, that branch of
surveying which determines the forms of coasts and
harbors, the entrances of rivers, with the position of
islands, rocks, and shoals, the depth of water, etc.
{Plane surveying}. See under {Plane}, a.
{Topographical surveying}, that branch of surveying which
involves the process of ascertaining and representing upon
a plane surface the contour, physical features, etc., of
any portion of the surface of the earth.
Surveyor \Sur*vey"or\, n.
1. One placed to superintend others; an overseer; an
inspector.
Were 't not madness then, To make the fox surveyor
of the fold? --Shak.
2. One who views and examines for the purpose of ascertaining
the condition, quantity, or quality of anything; as, a
surveyor of highways, ordnance, etc.
3. One who surveys or measures land; one who practices the
art of surveying.
4. (Customs)
(a) An officer who ascertains the contents of casks, and
the quantity of liquors subject to duty; a gauger.
(b) In the United States, an officer whose duties include
the various measures to be taken for ascertaining the
quantity, condition, and value of merchandise brought
into a port. --Abbot.
{Surveyor general}.
(a) A principal surveyor; as, the surveyor general of the
king's manors, or of woods and parks. [Eng.]
(b) An officer having charge of the survey of the public
lands of a land district. [U.S.] --Davies & Peck
(Math. Dict.).
{Surveyor's compass}. See {Circumferentor}.
{Surveyor's level}. See under {Level}.
Surveyorship \Sur*vey"or*ship\, n.
The office of a surveyor.
Surview \Sur*view"\, v. t. [Pref. sur- + view. Cf. {Survey}.]
To survey; to make a survey of. [Obs.] ``To surview his
ground.'' --Spenser.
Surview \Sur*view"\, n.
A survey. [Obs.] --Bp. Sanderson.
Survise \Sur*vise"\, v. t. [See {Supervise}, and {Survey}.]
To look over; to supervise. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Survival \Sur*viv"al\, n. [From {Survive}.]
1. A living or continuing longer than, or beyond the
existence of, another person, thing, or event; an
outliving.
2. (Arh[ae]ol. & Ethnol.) Any habit, usage, or belief,
remaining from ancient times, the origin of which is often
unknown, or imperfectly known.
The close bearing of the doctrine of survival on the
study of manners and customs. --Tylor.
{Survival of the fittest}. (Biol.) See {Natural selection},
under {Natural}.
Survivance \Sur*viv"ance\, Survivancy \Sur*viv"an*cy\, n. [F.
survivance.]
Survivorship. [R.]
His son had the survivance of the stadtholdership.
--Bp. Burnet.
Survive \Sur*vive"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Survived}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Surviving}.] [F. survivre, L. supervivere; super over
+ vivere to live. See {Super-}, and {Victuals}.]
To live beyond the life or existence of; to live longer than;
to outlive; to outlast; as, to survive a person or an event.
--Cowper.
I'll assure her of Her widowhood, be it that she
survive me, In all my lands and leases whatsoever.
--Shak.
Survive \Sur*vive"\, v. i.
To remain alive; to continue to live.
Thy pleasure, Which, when no other enemy survives,
Still conquers all the conquerors. --Sir J.
Denham.
Alike are life and death, When life in death survives.
--Longfellow.
Survivency \Sur*viv"en*cy\, n.
Survivorship. [R.]
Surviver \Sur*viv"er\, n.
One who survives; a survivor.
Surviving \Sur*viv"ing\, a.
Remaining alive; yet living or existing; as, surviving
friends; surviving customs.
Survivor \Sur*viv"or\, n.
1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time,
event, or thing.
The survivor bound In filial obligation for some
term To do obsequious sorrow. --Shak.
2. (Law) The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two
persons having a joint interest in anything. --Blackstone.
Survivorship \Sur*viv"or*ship\, n.
1. The state of being a survivor.
1. (Law) The right of a joint tenant, or other person who has
a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole estate
upon the death of other. --Blackstone.
{Chance of survivorship}, the chance that a person of a given
age has of surviving another of a giving age; thus, by the
Carlisle tables of mortality the chances of survivorship
for two persons, aged 25 and 65, are 89 and 11
respectively, or about 8 to 1 that the elder die first.
Susceptibility \Sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty\, n.; pl.
{Susceptibilities}. [Cf. F. susceptibilit['e].]
1. The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability
of receiving impressions, or of being affected.
2. Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or emotional
excitement; sensibility, in its broadest acceptation;
impressibility; sensitiveness.
{Magnetic susceptibility} (Physics), the intensity of
magnetization of a body placed in a uniform megnetic field
of unit strength. --Sir W. Thomson.
Syn: Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.
Susceptible \Sus*cep"ti*ble\, a. [F., from L. suscipere,
susceptum, to take up, to support, undertake, recognize,
admit; pref. sus (see {Sub-}) + capere to take. See
{Capable}.]
1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change,
affection, or influence; readily acted upon; as, a body
susceptible of color or of alteration.
It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious
dawn of our eternal day. --Young.
2. Capable of impression; having nice sensibility;
impressible; tender; sensitive; as, children are more
susceptible than adults; a man of a susceptible heart.
Candidates are . . . not very susceptible of affronts.
--Cowper.
I am constitutionally susceptible of noises. --Lamb.
-- {Sus*cep"ti*ble*ness}, n. -- {Sus*cep"ti*bly}, adv.
Susception \Sus*cep"tion\, n. [L. susceptio: cf. F. susception.
See {Susceptible}.]
The act of taking; reception.
Susceptive \Sus*cep"tive\, a.
Susceptible. --I. Watts. -- {Sus*cep"tive*ness}, n.
Susceptivity \Sus`cep*tiv"i*ty\, n.
Capacity for receiving; susceptibility. [R.] --Wollaston.
Susceptor \Sus*cep"tor\, n. [L. See {Susceptible}.]
One who undertakes anything; specifically, a godfather; a
sponsor; a guardian. --Puller. Shipley.
Suscipiency \Sus*cip"i*en*cy\, n.
Admission. [R.]
Suscipient \Sus*cip"i*ent\, a. [L. suscipiens, p. pr. of
suscipere. See {Susceptible}.]
Receiving; admitting. [R.]
Suscipient \Sus*cip"i*ent\, n.
One who takes or admits; one who receives. [R.] --Jer.
Taylor.
Suscitability \Sus`ci*ta*bil"i*ty\, n.
Capability of being suscitated; excitability. [Obs.] --B.
Jonson.
Suscitate \Sus"ci*tate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suscitated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Suscitating}.] [L. suscitatus, p. p. of
suscitare to lift up, to rouse; pref. sus- (see {Sub-}) +
citare to rouse, excite. Cf. {Excite}, {Incite}.]
To rouse; to excite; to call into life and action. [Obs.]
Suscitation \Sus`ci*ta"tion\, n. [L. suscitatio: cf. F.
suscitation.]
The act of raising or exciting. [R.]
A mere suscitation or production of a thing. --South.
Suslik \Sus"lik\, n. [Russ. s['u]slik'.] (Zo["o]l.)
A ground squirrel ({Spermophilus citillus}) of Europe and
Asia. It has large cheek pouches. [Written also {souslik}.]
Suspect \Sus*pect"\, a. [L. suspectus, p. p. of suspicere to
look up, admire, esteem, to look at secretly or askance, to
mistrust; sub under + specere to look: cf. F. suspect
suspected, suspicious. See {Spy}, and cf. {Suspicion}.]
1. Suspicious; inspiring distrust. [Obs.]
Suspect [was] his face, suspect his word also.
--Chaucer.
2. Suspected; distrusted. [Obs.]
What I can do or offer is suspect. --Milton.
Suspect \Sus*pect"\, n. [LL. suspectus. See {Suspect}, a.]
1. Suspicion. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
So with suspect, with fear and grief, dismayed.
--Fairfax.
2. One who, or that which, is suspected; an object of
suspicion; -- formerly applied to persons and things; now,
only to persons suspected of crime. --Bacon.
Suspect \Sus*pect"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suspected}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Suspecting}.]
1. To imagine to exist; to have a slight or vague opinion of
the existence of, without proof, and often upon weak
evidence or no evidence; to mistrust; to surmise; --
commonly used regarding something unfavorable, hurtful, or
wrong; as, to suspect the presence of disease.
Nothing makes a man suspect much, more than to know
little; and therefore men should remedy suspicion by
procuring to know more. --Bacon.
From her hand I could suspect no ill. --Milton.
2. To imagine to be guilty, upon slight evidence, or without
proof; as, to suspect one of equivocation.
3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust; to
distruct; as, to suspect the truth of a story. --Addison.
4. To look up to; to respect. [Obs.]
Syn: To mistrust; distrust; surmise; doubt.
Suspect \Sus*pect"\, v. i.
To imagine guilt; to have a suspicion or suspicions; to be
suspicious.
If I suspect without cause, why then make sport at me.
--Shak.
Suspectable \Sus*pect"a*ble\, a.
That may be suspected.
Suspected \Sus*pect"ed\, a.
Distrusted; doubted. -- {Sus*pect"ed*ly}, adv. --
{Sus*pect"ed*ness}, n.
Suspecter \Sus*pect"er\, n.
One who suspects.
Suspectful \Sus*pect"ful\, a.
Apt to suspect or mistrust; full of suspicion; suspicious;
as, to be suspectful of the motives of others. --Milton. --
{Sus*pect"ful*ness}, n.
Suspection \Sus*pec"tion\, n.
Suspicion. [Obs.]
Suspectiousness \Sus*pec"tious*ness\, n.
Suspiciousness; cause for suspicion. [Obs. & R.] --Ld.
Berners.
Suspectless \Sus*pect"less\, a.
1. Not suspecting; having no suspicion. [R.] --Sir T.
Herbert.
2. Not suspected; not mistrusted. [R.] --Beau. & Fl.
Suspend \Sus*pend"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Suspended}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Suspending}.] [F. suspendre, or OF. souspendre (where
the prefix is L. subtus below, from sub under), L.
suspendere, suspensum; pref. sus- (see {Sub-}) + pendere to
hang. See {Pedant}, and cf. {Suspense}, n.]
1. To attach to something above; to hang; as, to suspend a
ball by a thread; to suspend a needle by a loadstone.
2. To make to depend; as, God hath suspended the promise of
eternal life on the condition of obedience and holiness of
life. [Archaic] --Tillotson.
3. To cause to cease for a time; to hinder from proceeding;
to interrupt; to delay; to stay.
Suspend your indignation against my brother. --Shak.
The guard nor fights nor fies; their fate so near At
once suspends their courage and their fear.
--Denham.
4. To hold in an undetermined or undecided state; as, to
suspend one's judgment or opinion. --Locke.
5. To debar, or cause to withdraw temporarily, from any
privilege, from the execution of an office, from the
enjoyment of income, etc.; as, to suspend a student from
college; to suspend a member of a club.
Good men should not be suspended from the exercise
of their ministry and deprived of their livelihood
for ceremonies which are on all hands acknowledged
indifferent. --Bp.
Sanderson.
6. To cause to cease for a time from operation or effect; as,
to suspend the habeas corpus act; to suspend the rules of
a legislative body.
7. (Chem.) To support in a liquid, as an insoluble powder, by
stirring, to facilitate chemical action.
{To suspend payment} (Com.), to cease paying debts or
obligations; to fail; -- said of a merchant, a bank, etc.
Syn: To hang; interrupt; delay; intermit; stay; hinder;
debar.
Suspend \Sus*pend"\, v. i.
To cease from operation or activity; esp., to stop payment,
or be unable to meet obligations or engagements (said of a
commercial firm or a bank).
Suspender \Sus*pend"er\, n.
One who, or that which, suspends; esp., one of a pair of
straps or braces worn over the shoulders, for holding up the
trousers.
Suspensation \Sus`pen*sa"tion\, n. [Cf. LL. suspensatio
suspension from a charge or benefice.]
The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended,
especially for a short time; temporary suspension.
Suspense \Sus*pense"\, a. [F. suspens, L. suspensus, p. p. of
suspendere. See {Suspend}.]
1. Held or lifted up; held or prevented from proceeding.
[Obs.]
[The great light of day] suspense in heaven.
--Milton.
2. Expressing, or proceeding from, suspense or doubt. [Obs.]
``Expectation held his look suspense.'' --Milton.
Suspense \Sus*pense"\, n. [From F. suspens, a. See {Suspense},
a.]
1. The state of being suspended; specifically, a state of
uncertainty and expectation, with anxiety or apprehension;
indetermination; indecision; as, the suspense of a person
waiting for the verdict of a jury.
Ten days the prophet in suspense remained. --Denham.
Upon the ticklish balance of suspense. --Cowper.
2. Cessation for a time; stop; pause.
A cool suspense from pleasure and from pain. --Pope.
3. [Cf. F. suspense.] (Law) A temporary cessation of one's
right; suspension, as when the rent or other profits of
land cease by unity of possession of land and rent.
{Suspense account} (Bookkeeping), an account in which
receipts or disbursements are temporarily entered until
their proper position in the books is determined.
Suspensely \Sus*pense"ly\, adv.
In suspense. [Obs.] --Hales.
Suspensibility \Sus*pen`si*bil"i*ty\, n.
The quality or state of being suspensible.
Suspensible \Sus*pen"si*ble\, a.
Capable of being suspended; capable of being held from
sinking.
Suspension \Sus*pen"sion\, n. [Cf. F. suspension, L. suspensio
arched work, imperfect pronunciation. See {Suspend}.]
1. The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended;
pendency; as, suspension from a hook.
2. Especially, temporary delay, interruption, or cessation;
as:
(a) Of labor, study, pain, etc.
(b) Of decision, determination, judgment, etc.; as, to ask
a suspension of judgment or opinion in view of
evidence to be produced.
(c) Of the payment of what is due; as, the suspension of a
mercantile firm or of a bank.
(d) Of punishment, or sentence of punishment.
(e) Of a person in respect of the exercise of his office,
powers, prerogative, etc.; as, the suspension of a
student or of a clergyman.
(f) Of the action or execution of law, etc.; as, the
suspension of the habeas corpus act.
3. A conditional withholding, interruption, or delay; as, the
suspension of a payment on the performance of a condition.
4. The state of a solid when its particles are mixed with,
but undissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation
by straining; also, any substance in this state.
5. (Rhet.) A keeping of the hearer in doubt and in attentive
expectation of what is to follow, or of what is to be the
inference or conclusion from the arguments or observations
employed.
6. (Scots Law) A stay or postponement of execution of a
sentence condemnatory by means of letters of suspension
granted on application to the lord ordinary.
7. (Mus.) The prolongation of one or more tones of a chord
into the chord which follows, thus producing a momentary
discord, suspending the concord which the ear expects. Cf.
{Retardation}.
{Pleas in suspension} (Law), pleas which temporarily abate or
suspend a suit.
{Points of suspension} (Mech.), the points, as in the axis or
beam of a balance, at which the weights act, or from which
they are suspended.
{Suspension bridge}, a bridge supported by chains, ropes, or
wires, which usually pass over high piers or columns at
each end, and are secured in the ground beyond.
{Suspension of arms} (Mil.), a short truce or cessation of
operations agreed on by the commanders of contending
armies, as for burying the dead, making proposal for
surrender or for peace, etc.
{Suspension scale}, a scale in which the platform hangs
suspended from the weighing apparatus instead of resting
upon it.
Syn: Delay; interruption; intermission; stop.
Suspensive \Sus*pen"sive\, a. [Cf. F. suspensif. See {Suspend}.]
Tending to suspend, or to keep in suspense; causing
interruption or delay; uncertain; doubtful. ``In suspensive
thoughts.'' --Beaumont. ``A suspensive veto.'' --Macaulay.
The provisional and suspensive attitude. --J. Morley.
{Suspensive} condition (Scots Law), a condition precedent, or
a condition without the performance of which the contract
can not be completed.
Suspensor \Sus*pen"sor\, n. [NL.]
1. A suspensory.
2. (Bot.) The cord which suspends the embryo; and which is
attached to the radicle in the young state; the proembryo.
Suspensorium \Sus`pen*so"ri*um\, n.; pl. {Suspensoria}. [NL.]
(Anat.)
Anything which suspends or holds up a part: especially, the
mandibular suspensorium (a series of bones, or of cartilages
representing them) which connects the base of the lower jaw
with the skull in most vertebrates below mammals.
Suspensory \Sus*pen"so*ry\, a.
1. Suspended; hanging; depending.
2. Fitted or serving to suspend; suspending; as, a suspensory
muscle. --Ray.
3. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a suspensorium.
Suspensory \Sus*pen"so*ry\, n. [Cf. F. suspensoir, suspensoire.]
That which suspends, or holds up, as a truss; specifically
(Med.), a bandage or bag for supporting the scrotum.
Suspicable \Sus"pi*ca*ble\, a. [L. suspacabilis, fr. suspicari
to suspect, akin to suspicere. See {Suspect}, v. t.]
Liable to suspicion; suspicious. [Obs.]
It is a very suspicable business. --Dr. H. more.
Suspiciency \Sus*pi"cien*cy\, n. [From L. suspiciens, p. pr. of
suspicere. See {Suspect}, v. t.]
Suspiciousness; suspicion. [Obs.] --Hopkins.
Suspicion \Sus*pi"cion\, n. [OE. suspecioun, OF. souspe[,c]on,
F. soup[,c]on, L. suspectio a looking up to, an esteeming
highly, suspicion, fr. suspicere to look up, to esteem, to
mistrust. The modern form suspicion in English and French is
in imitation of L. suspicio mistrust, suspicion. See
{Suspect}, and cf. {Suspicious}.]
1. The act of suspecting; the imagination or apprehension of
the existence of something (esp. something wrong or
hurtful) without proof, or upon very slight evidence, or
upon no evidence.
Suspicions among thoughts are like bats among birds,
they ever fly by twilight. --Bacon.
2. Slight degree; suggestion; hint. [Colloq.]
The features are mild but expressive, with just a
suspicion . . . of saturnine or sarcastic humor.
--A. W. Ward.
Syn: Jealousy; distrust; mistrust; diffidence; doubt.
Suspicion \Sus*pi"cion\, v. t.
To view with suspicion; to suspect; to doubt. [Obs. or Low]
--South.
Suspicious \Sus*pi"cious\, a. [OE. suspecious; cf. L.
suspiciosus. See {Suspicion}.]
1. Inclined to suspect; given or prone to suspicion; apt to
imagine without proof.
Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will
ever be suspicious; and no man can love the person
he suspects. --South.
Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make
men of merit suspicious of each other. --Pope.
2. Indicating suspicion, mistrust, or fear.
We have a suspicious, fearful, constrained
countenance. --Swift.
3. Liable to suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion; giving
reason to imagine ill; questionable; as, an author of
suspicious innovations; suspicious circumstances.
I spy a black, suspicious, threatening could.
--Shak.
Syn: Jealous; distrustful; mistrustful; doubtful;
questionable. See {Jealous}. -- {Sus*pi"cious*ly}, adv.
-- {Sus*pi"cious*ness}, n.
Suspiral \Sus*pir"al\, n. [From {Suspire}.]
1. A breathing hole; a vent or ventiduct.
2. A spring of water passing under ground toward a cistern or
conduit.
Suspiration \Sus`pi*ra"tion\, n. [L. suspiratio. See {Suspire}.]
The act of sighing, or fetching a long and deep breath; a
deep respiration; a sigh.
Windy suspiration of forced breath. --Shak.
Suspire \Sus*pire"\, v. i. [L. suspirare to breathe out, to
sigh; sub under + spirare to breathe: cf. F. souspirer, OF.
souspirer.]
To fetch a long, deep breath; to sigh; to breathe. --Shak.
Fireflies that suspire In short, soft lapses of
transported flame. --Mrs.
Browning.
Suspire \Sus*pire"\, n. [Cf. L. suspirium.]
A long, deep breath; a sigh. [Obs.]
Suspired \Sus*pired"\, a.
Ardently desired or longed for; earnestly coveted. [Obs.]
--Sir H. Wotton.
Sustain \Sus*tain"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sustained}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sustaining}.] [OE. sustenen, susteinen, OF. sustenir,
sostenir, F. soutenir (the French prefix is properly fr. L.
subtus below, fr. sub under), L. sustinere; pref. sus- (see
{Sub-}) + tenere to hold. See {Tenable}, and cf.
{Sustenance}.]
1. To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support; as,
a foundation sustains the superstructure; a beast sustains
a load; a rope sustains a weight.
Every pillar the temple to sustain. --Chaucer.
2. Hence, to keep from sinking, as in despondence, or the
like; to support.
No comfortable expectations of another life to
sustain him under the evils in this world.
--Tillotson.
3. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; to
nourish; as, provisions to sustain an army.
4. To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate. --Shak.
His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain. --Dryden.
5. To endure without failing or yielding; to bear up under;
as, to sustain defeat and disappointment.
6. To suffer; to bear; to undergo.
Shall Turnus, then, such endless toil sustain?
--Dryden.
You shall sustain more new disgraces. --Shak.
7. To allow the prosecution of; to admit as valid; to
sanction; to continue; not to dismiss or abate; as, the
court sustained the action or suit.
8. To prove; to establish by evidence; to corroborate or
confirm; to be conclusive of; as, to sustain a charge, an
accusation, or a proposition.
Syn: To support; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve; suffer;
undergo.
Sustain \Sus*tain"\, n.
One who, or that which, upholds or sustains; a sustainer.
[Obs.]
I waked again, for my sustain was the Lord. --Milton.
Sustainable \Sus*tain"a*ble\, a. [Cf. F. soutenable, OF.
soustenable.]
Capable of being sustained or maintained; as, the action is
not sustainable.
Sustained \Sus*tained"\, a.
Held up to a certain pitch, degree, or level; uniform; as,
sustained pasion; a sustained style of writing; a sustained
note in music.
Sustainer \Sus*tain"er\, n.
One who, or that which, sustains. --Waterland.
Sustainment \Sus*tain"ment\, n.
The act of sustaining; maintenance; support. --Milton.
Lowell.
Sustaltic \Sus*tal"tic\, a. [Gr. ? contractile, fr. ? to draw
together, to moderate; ? together + ? to place.]
Mournful; -- said of a species of music among the ancient
Greeks. --Busby.
Sustenance \Sus"te*nance\, n. [OF. sustenance, sostenance,
soustenance: cf. L. sustenentia endurance. See {Sustain}.]
1. The act of sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence;
as, the sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life.
2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions;
means of living; as, the city has ample sustenance. ``A
man of little sustenance.'' --Chaucer.
For lying is thy sustenance, thy food. --Milton.
Sustentacle \Sus*ten"ta*cle\, n. [L. sustentaculum. See
{Sustentation}.]
Sustenance. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Sustentacular \Sus`ten*tac"u*lar\, a. [See {Sustenance}.]
(Anat.)
Supporting; sustaining; as, a sustentacular tissue.
Sustentate \Sus"ten*tate\, v. t.
To sustain. [R.] --C. Reade.
Sustentation \Sus`ten*ta"tion\, n. [L. sustentatio sustenance,
maintenance, fr. sustentare to support, maintain, v. intens.
fr. sustinere to sustain: cf. F. sustentation. See
{Sustain}.]
1. The act of sustaining, or the state of being sustained;
preservation from falling; support; sustenance;
maintenance.
2. (Physiol.) The aggregate of the functions by which a
living organism is maintained in a normal condition of
weight and growth.
{Sustentation fund} (Eccl.), a fund of a religious body for
support of its ministers, chapels, etc.; as, the
sustentation fund of the Free Church of Scotland.
Sustentative \Sus"ten*ta*tive\, a.
Adapted to sustain, strengthen, or corroborate; as,
sustentative citations or quotations.
{Sustentative functions} (Physiol.), those functions of the
body which affect its material composition and thus
determine its mass.
Sustention \Sus*ten"tion\, n.
Sustentation. [R. or Colloq.]
In fine images, in sustention, in irony, they surpass
anything that Burke ever wrote. --J. Morley.
Suster \Sus"ter\, Sustre \Sus"tre\, n.; pl. {Susters},
{Sustres}, or {Sustren}.
Sister. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
There are seven sustren, that serve truth ever. --Piers
Plowman.
Susu \Su"su\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Soosoo}.
Susurrant \Su*sur"rant\, a. [L. susurrans, p. pr. from susurrare
to whisper.]
Whispering. [R.] ``The soft susurrant sigh.'' --Poetry of
Anti-Jacobin.
Susurration \Su`sur*ra"tion\, n. [L. susurratio, fr. susurrare
to whisper: cf. F. susurration.]
A whispering; a soft murmur. ``Soft susurrations of the
trees.'' --Howell.
Susurringly \Su*sur"ring*ly\, adv.
In the manner of a whisper. [Obs.]
Susurrous \Su*sur"rous\, a. [L. susurrus.]
Whispering; rustling; full of whispering sounds. [R.]
Susurrus \Su*sur"rus\, n. [L.]
The act of whispering; a whisper; a murmur. --De Quincey.
The soft susurrus and sighs of the branches.
--Longfellow.
Sutile \Su"tile\, a. [L. sutilis, fr. suere to sew: cf. F.
sutile.]
Done by stitching. [R.] --Boswell.
Sutler \Sut"ler\, n. [D. zoetelaar, OD. soetelaar, a small
trader, especially in camps, fr. soetelen to undertake low
offices; cf. G. sudeln to do dirty work, to sully, soil, E.
suds.]
A person who follows an army, and sells to the troops
provisions, liquors, and the like.
Sutlership \Sut"ler*ship\, n.
The condition or occupation of a sutler.
Sutling \Sut"ling\, a.
Belonging to sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler.
--Addison.
Sutor \Su"tor\, n.
A kind of sirup made by the Indians of Arizona from the fruit
of some cactaceous plant (probably the Cereus giganteus).
Sutra \Su"tra\, n.; pl. {Sutras}. [Skr. s?tra a thread, a string
of rules; an aphorism; fr. siv to sew.]
1.
(a) A precept; an aphorism; a brief rule.
(b) A collection of such aphorisms.
2. pl. A body of Hindoo literature containing aphorisms on
grammar, meter, law, and philosophy, and forming a
connecting link between the Vedic and later Sanscrit
literature. --Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Suttee \Sut*tee"\, n. [Skr. sat[=i] a faithful wife, fem. of
sant existing, real, true, good, p. pr. of as to be. Cf.
{Sooth}.]
1. A Hindoo widow who immolates herself, or is immolated, on
the funeral pile of her husband; -- so called because this
act of self-immolation is regarded as envincing excellence
of wifely character. [India]
2. The act of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her
husband. [India]
Note: The practice, though abolished in British India law in
1829, is not wholly prevented.
Sutteeism \Sut*tee"ism\, n.
The practice of self-immolation of widows in Hindostan.
Suttle \Sut"tle\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Com.)
The weight when the tare has been deducted, and tret is yet
to be allowed. --M?Culloch.
Suttle \Sut"tle\, v. i. [See {Sutler}.]
To act as sutler; to supply provisions and other articles to
troops.
Sutural \Su"tur*al\, a. [Cf. F. sutural, NL. suturals.]
1. Of or pertaining to a suture, or seam.
2. (Bot.) Taking place at a suture; as, a sutural de?iscence.
Suturally \Su"tur*al*ly\, adv.
In a sutural manner.
Suturated \Su"tur*a`ted\, a.
Sewed or knit together; united by a suture; stitched.
Suture \Su"ture\, n. [L. sutura, fr. suere, sutum, to sew or
stitch: cf. F. suture. See {Sew} to unite with thread.]
1. The act of sewing; also, the line along which two things
or parts are sewed together, or are united so as to form a
seam, or that which resembles a seam.
2. (Surg.)
(a) The uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching.
(b) The stitch by which the parts are united.
3. (Anat.) The line of union, or seam, in an immovable
articulation, like those between the bones of the skull;
also, such an articulation itself; synarthrosis. See
{Harmonic suture}, under {Harmonic}.
4. (Bot.)
(a) The line, or seam, formed by the union of two margins
in any part of a plant; as, the ventral suture of a
legume.
(b) A line resembling a seam; as, the dorsal suture of a
legume, which really corresponds to a midrib.
5. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The line at which the elytra of a beetle meet and are
sometimes confluent.
(b) A seam, or impressed line, as between the segments of
a crustacean, or between the whorls of a univalve
shell.
{Glover's suture}, {Harmonic suture}, etc. See under
{Glover}, {Harmonic}, etc.
Sutured \Su"tured\, a.
Having a suture or sutures; knit or united together.
--Pennant.
Suwarrow \Su*war"row\, n. (Bot.)
The giant cactus ({Cereus giganteus}); -- so named by the
Indians of Arizona. Called also {saguaro}.
Suzerain \Su"ze*rain\, n. [F., formed fr. sus above, L. susum,
sursum (fr. sub under + versum, p. p. of vertere to turn),
after the analogy of souverain, E. sovereign. See {Sub-}, and
{Verse}.]
A superior lord, to whom fealty is due; a feudal lord; a lord
paramount.
Suzerainty \Su"ze*rain*ty\, n. [F. suzerainet['e].]
The dominion or authority of a suzerain; paramount authority.
Swa \Swa\ (sw[aum]), adv. [See {So}.]
So. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Swab \Swab\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swabbed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swabbing}.] [See {Swabber}, n.]
To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe when very wet, as after
washing; as, to swab the desk of a ship. [Spelt also {swob}.]
Swab \Swab\, n. [Written also swob.]
1. A kind of mop for cleaning floors, the desks of vessels,
etc., esp. one made of rope-yarns or threads.
2. A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle,
for cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying
medicaments to deep-seated parts, etc.
3. (Naut.) An epaulet. [Sailor's Slang] --Marryat.
4. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Obs.] --Bailey.
5. A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached to a long
rod or handle, for cleaning the bore of a firearm.
Swabber \Swab"ber\, v. t.
To swab. [R.]
Swabber \Swab"ber\, n. [D. zwabber; cf.D. zwabberen to swab, G.
schwabbern, Dan. svabre, Sw. svab a swab, svabla to swab.]
1. One who swabs a floor or desk. --Shak.
2. (Naut.) Formerly, an interior officer on board of British
ships of war, whose business it was to see that the ship
was kept clean.
3. Same as {Swobber}, 2.
Swad \Swad\, n. [Probably fr. AS. swe?ian to bind.] [Written
also {swod}.]
1. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Prov. Eng.]
Swad, in the north, is a peascod shell -- thence
used for an empty, shallow-headed fellow. --Blount.
2. A clown; a country bumpkin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] ``Country
swains, and silly swads.'' --Greene.
There was one busy fellow was their leader, A blunt,
squat swad, but lower than yourself. --B. Jonson.
3. A lump of mass; also, a crowd. [Low, U.S.]
4. (Coal Mining) A thin layer of refuse at the bottom of a
seam. --Raymond.
Swaddle \Swad"dle\, n. [AS. swe?il, swe?el, fr. swe?ain to bind.
See {Swathe}.]
Anything used to swaddle with, as a cloth or band; a
swaddling band.
They put me in bed in all my swaddles. --Addison.
Swaddle \Swad"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swaddled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Swaddling}.]
1. To bind as with a bandage; to bind or warp tightly with
clothes; to swathe; -- used esp. of infants; as, to
swaddle a baby.
They swaddled me up in my nightgown with long pieces
of linen. --Addison.
2. To beat; to cudgel. [Obs.] --Hudibras.
Swaddlebill \Swad"dle*bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The shoveler. [Local, U.S.]
Swaddler \Swad"dler\, n.
A term of contempt for an Irish Methodist. --Shipley.
Swaddling \Swad"dling\,
a. & n. from {Swaddle}, v.
{Swaddling band}, {Swaddling cloth}, or {Swaddling clout}, a
band or cloth wrapped round an infant, especially round a
newborn infant.
Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes,
lying in a manger. --Luke ii. 12.
Swag \Swag\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Swagged}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swagging}.] [Cf. Icel. sveggja, sveigja to bend, to sway,
Norw. svaga to sway. See {Sway}.]
1. To hang or move, as something loose and heavy; to sway; to
swing. [Prov. Eng.]
2. To sink down by its weight; to sag. --Sir H. Wotton.
I swag as a fat person's belly swaggeth as he goeth.
--Palsgrave.
Swag \Swag\, n.
1. A swaying, irregular motion.
2. A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle. [Cant or Slang]
--Charles Reade.
Swag-bellied \Swag"-bel`lied\, a.
Having a prominent, overhanging belly. --Shak.
Swagbelly \Swag"bel`ly\, n.
1. A prominent, overhanging belly. --Smollett.
2. (Med.) Any large tumor developed in the abdomen, and
neither fluctuating nor sonorous. --Dunglison.
Swage \Swage\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Swaged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Swaging}.] [Equiv. to suage, abbrev. fr. assuage.]
See {Assuage}. [Obs.]
Swage \Swage\, n.
A tool, variously shaped or grooved on the end or face, used
by blacksmiths and other workers in metals, for shaping their
work, whether sheet metal or forging, by holding the swage
upon the work, or the work upon the swage, and striking with
a sledge.
{Swage block}, a perforated block of iron, having grooved
sides and adapted for use in heading bolts and swaging
objects of large size.
Swage \Swage\, v. t.
To shape by means of a swage; to fashion, as a piece of iron,
by forcing it into a groove or mold having the required
shape.
Swagger \Swag"ger\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Swaggered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Swaggering}.] [Freq. of swag.]
1. To walk with a swaying motion; hence, to walk and act in a
pompous, consequential manner.
A man who swaggers about London clubs.
--Beaconsfield.
2. To boast or brag noisily; to be ostentatiously proud or
vainglorious; to bluster; to bully.
What a pleasant it is . . . to swagger at the bar!
--Arbuthnot.
To be great is not . . . to swagger at our footmen.
--Colier.
Swagger \Swag"ger\, v. t.
To bully. [R.] --Swift.
Swagger \Swag"ger\, n.
The act or manner of a swaggerer.
He gave a half swagger, half leer, as he stepped forth
to receive us. --W. Irving.
Swaggerer \Swag"ger*er\, n.
One who swaggers; a blusterer; a bully; a boastful, noisy
fellow. --Shak.
Swaggy \Swag"gy\, a.
Inclined to swag; sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight.
--Sir T. Browne.
Swain \Swain\, n. [OE. swain, swein, Icel. sveinn a boy,
servant; akin to Sw. sven, Dan. svend, AS. sw[=a]n, OHG.
swein.]
1. A servant. [Obs.]
Him behoves serve himself that has no swain.
--Chaucer.
2. A young man dwelling in the country; a rustic; esp., a
cuntry gallant or lover; -- chiefly in poetry.
It were a happy life To be no better than a homely
swain. --Shak.
Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel.
--Pope.
Swainish \Swain"ish\, a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a swain; rustic; ignorant. ``An
ungentle and swainish beast.'' --Milton. -- {Swain"ish*ness},
n. --Emerson.
Swainling \Swain"ling\, n.
A little swain. [R.]
Swainmote \Swain"mote`\, n. [Swain + mote meeting: cf. LL.
swanimotum.] (Eng. Forest Law)
A court held before the verders of the forest as judges, by
the steward of the court, thrice every year, the swains, or
freeholders, within the forest composing the jury. [Written
also {swanimote}, and {sweinmote}.] --Blackstone.
Swainship \Swain"ship\, n.
The condition of a swain.
Swaip \Swaip\, v. i. [Cf. {Sweep}.]
To walk proudly; to sweep along. [Prov. Eng.] --Todd.
Swal \Swal\, obs. imp. of {Swell}.
Swelled. --Chaucer.
Swale \Swale\, n. [Cf. Icel. svalr cool, svala to cool.]
A valley or low place; a tract of low, and usually wet, land;
a moor; a fen. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Swale \Swale\, v. i. & t.
To melt and waste away; to singe. See {Sweal}, v.
Swale \Swale\, n.
A gutter in a candle. [Prov. Eng.]
Swallet \Swal"let\, n. [Cf. G. schwall a sea swell, from
schwellen to swell, E. swell.]
Water breaking in upon the miners at their work; -- so called
among tin miners. [Prov. Eng.]
Swallow \Swal"low\, n. [OE. swalowe, AS. swalewe, swealwe; akin
to D. zwaluw, OHG. swalawa, G. schwalbe, Icel. & Sw. svala,
Dan. svale.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of passerine birds
of the family {Hirundinid[ae]}, especially one of those
species in which the tail is deeply forked. They have
long, pointed wings, and are noted for the swiftness and
gracefulness of their flight.
Note: The most common North American species are the barn
swallow (see under {Barn}), the cliff, or eaves,
swallow (see under {Cliff}), the white-bellied, or
tree, swallow ({Tachycineta bicolor}), and the bank
swallow (see under {Bank}). The common European swallow
({Chelidon rustica}), and the window swallow, or martin
({Chelidon urbica}), are familiar species.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of swifts which
resemble the true swallows in form and habits, as the
common American chimney swallow, or swift.
3. (Naut.) The aperture in a block through which the rope
reeves. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
{Swallow plover} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
fork-tailed ploverlike birds of the genus {Glareola}, as
{G. orientalis} of India; a pratincole.
{Swallow shrike} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
East Indian and Asiatic birds of the family
{Artamiid[ae]}, allied to the shrikes but similar to
swallows in appearance and habits. The ashy swallow shrike
({Artamus fuscus}) is common in India.
{Swallow warbler} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
East Indian and Australian singing birds of the genus
{Dic[ae]um}. They are allied to the honeysuckers.
Swallow \Swal"low\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swallowed}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Swallowing}.] [OE. swolewen, swolwen, swolhen, AS.
swelgan; akin to D. zwelgen, OHG. swelahan, swelgan, G.
schwelgen to feast, to revel, Icel. svelgia to swallow, SW.
sv["a]lja, Dan. sv[ae]lge. Cf. {Groundsel} a plant.]
1. To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet,
or esophagus, into the stomach; as, to swallow food or
drink.
As if I had swallowed snowballs for pills. --Shak.
2. To draw into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; to absorb --
usually followed by up. --Milton.
The earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up,
and their houses. --Num. xvi.
32.
3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or belief, without
examination or scruple; to receive implicitly.
Though that story . . . be not so readily swallowed.
--Sir T.
Browne.
4. To engross; to appropriate; -- usually with up.
Homer excels . . . in this, that he swallowed up the
honor of those who succeeded him. --Pope.
5. To occupy; to take up; to employ.
The necessary provision of the life swallows the
greatest part of their time. --Locke.
6. To seize and waste; to exhaust; to consume.
Corruption swallowed what the liberal hand Of bounty
scattered. --Thomson.
7. To retract; to recant; as, to swallow one's opinions.
``Swallowed his vows whole.'' --Shak.
8. To put up with; to bear patiently or without retaliation;
as, to swallow an affront or insult.
Syn: To absorb; imbibe; ingulf; engross; consume. See
{Absorb}.
Swallow \Swal"low\, v. i.
To perform the act of swallowing; as, his cold is so severe
he is unable to swallow.
Swallow \Swal"low\, n.
1. The act of swallowing.
2. The gullet, or esophagus; the throat.
3. Taste; relish; inclination; liking. [Colloq.]
I have no swallow for it. --Massinger.
4. Capacity for swallowing; voracity.
There being nothing too gross for the swallow of
political rancor. --Prof.
Wilson.
5. As much as is, or can be, swallowed at once; as, a swallow
of water.
6. That which ingulfs; a whirlpool. [Obs.] --Fabyan.
Swallower \Swal"low*er\, n.
One who swallows; also, a glutton. --Tatler.
Swallowfish \Swal"low*fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European sapphirine gurnard ({Trigla hirundo}). It has
large pectoral fins.
Swallowtail \Swal"low*tail`\, n.
1. (Carp.) A kind of tenon or tongue used in making joints.
See {Dovetail}.
2. (Bot.) A species of willow.
3. (Fort.) An outwork with converging sides, its head or
front forming a re["e]ntrant angle; -- so called from its
form. Called also {priestcap}.
4. A swallow-tailed coat.
This Stultz coat, a blue swallowtail, with yellow
buttons. --Thackeray.
5. An arrow. --Sir W. Scott.
6. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of large and
handsome butterflies, belonging to Papilio and allied
genera, in which the posterior border of each hind wing is
prolongated in the form of a long lobe.
Note: The black swallowtail, or asterias (see {Papilio}), the
blue swallowtail, or philenor, the tiger swallowtail,
or turnus (see {Turnus}), and the zebra swallowtail, or
ajax (see under {Zebra}) are common American species.
See also {Troilus}.
Swallow-tailed \Swal"low-tailed`\, a.
1. Having a tail like that of a swallow; hence, like a
swallow's tail in form; having narrow and tapering or
pointed skirts; as, a swallow-tailed coat.
2. (Carp.) United by dovetailing; dovetailed.
{Swallow-tailed duck} (Zo["o]l.), the old squaw.
{Swallow-tailed gull} (Zo["o]l.), an Arctic gull ({Xema
furcata}), which has a deeply forked tail.
{Swallow-tailed} {hawk or kite} (Zo["o]l.), the fork-tailed
kite.
{Swallow-tailed moth} (Zo["o]l.), a European moth ({Urapteryx
sambucaria}) having tail-like lobes on the hind wings.
Swallowwort \Swal"low*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) See {Celandine}.
(b) A poisonous plant ({Vincetoxicum officinale}) of the
Milkweed family, at one time used in medicine; -- also
called {white swallowwort}.
{African swallowwort}, a plant of the genus Stapelia.
Swam \Swam\,
imp. of {Swim}.
Swamp \Swamp\, n. [Cf. AS. swam a fungus, OD. swam a sponge, D.
zwam a fungus, G. schwamm a sponge, Icel. sv["o]ppr, Dan. &
Sw. swamp, Goth. swamms, Gr. somfo`s porous, spongy.]
Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but
not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the
seashore.
Gray swamps and pools, waste places of the hern.
--Tennyson.
A swamp differs from a bog and a marsh in producing
trees and shrubs, while the latter produce only
herbage, plants, and mosses. --Farming
Encyc. (E.
Edwards,
Words).
{Swamp blackbird}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Redwing}
(b) .
{Swamp cabbage} (Bot.), skunk cabbage.
{Swamp deer} (Zo["o]l.), an Asiatic deer ({Rucervus
Duvaucelli}) of India.
{Swamp hen}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An Australian azure-breasted bird ({Porphyrio bellus});
-- called also {goollema}.
(b) An Australian water crake, or rail ({Porzana Tabuensis});
-- called also {little swamp hen}.
(c) The European purple gallinule.
{Swamp honeysuckle} (Bot.), an American shrub ({Azalea, or
Rhododendron, viscosa}) growing in swampy places, with
fragrant flowers of a white color, or white tinged with
rose; -- called also {swamp pink}.
{Swamp hook}, a hook and chain used by lumbermen in handling
logs. Cf. {Cant hook}.
{Swamp itch}. (Med.) See {Prairie itch}, under {Prairie}.
{Swamp laurel} (Bot.), a shrub ({Kalmia glauca}) having small
leaves with the lower surface glaucous.
{Swamp maple} (Bot.), red maple. See {Maple}.
{Swamp oak} (Bot.), a name given to several kinds of oak
which grow in swampy places, as swamp Spanish oak
({Quercus palustris}), swamp white oak ({Q. bicolor}),
swamp post oak ({Q. lyrata}).
{Swamp ore} (Min.), bog ore; limonite.
{Swamp partridge} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several Australian
game birds of the genera {Synoicus} and {Excalfatoria},
allied to the European partridges.
{Swamp robin} (Zo["o]l.), the chewink.
{Swamp sassafras} (Bot.), a small North American tree of the
genus {Magnolia} ({M. glauca}) with aromatic leaves and
fragrant creamy-white blossoms; -- called also {sweet
bay}.
{Swamp sparrow} (Zo["o]l.), a common North American sparrow
({Melospiza Georgiana}, or {M. palustris}), closely
resembling the song sparrow. It lives in low, swampy
places.
{Swamp willow}. (Bot.) See {Pussy willow}, under {Pussy}.
Swamp \Swamp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swamped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swamping}.]
1. To plunge or sink into a swamp.
2. (Naut.) To cause (a boat) to become filled with water; to
capsize or sink by whelming with water.
3. Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to
overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck.
The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped
by the creation of twelve Tory peers. --J. R. Green.
Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus
of a theory. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
Swamp \Swamp\, v. i.
1. To sink or stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become
involved in insuperable difficulties.
2. To become filled with water, as a boat; to founder; to
capsize or sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be
wrecked.
Swampy \Swamp"y\, a.
Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; as,
swampy land.
Swan \Swan\, n. [AS. swan; akin to D. zwaan, OHG. swan, G.
schwan, Icel. svanr, Sw. svan, Dan. svane; and perhaps to E.
sound something audible.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of large aquatic
birds belonging to {Cygnus}, {Olor}, and allied genera of
the subfamily {Cygnin[ae]}. They have a large and strong
beak and a long neck, and are noted for their graceful
movements when swimming. Most of the northern species are
white. In literature the swan was fabled to sing a
melodious song, especially at the time of its death.
Note: The European white, or mute, swan ({Cygnus gibbus}),
which is most commonly domesticated, bends its neck in
an S-shaped curve. The whistling, or trumpeting, swans
of the genus {Olor} do not bend the neck in an S-shaped
curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous cry,
due to complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this
genus belong the European whooper, or whistling swan
({Olor cygnus}), the American whistling swan ({O.
Columbianus}), and the trumpeter swan ({O.
buccinator}). The Australian black swan ({Chenopis
atrata}) is dull black with white on the wings, and has
the bill carmine, crossed with a white band. It is a
very graceful species and is often domesticated. The
South American black-necked swan ({Sthenelides
melancorypha}) is a very beautiful and graceful
species, entirely white, except the head and neck,
which are dark velvety seal-brown. Its bill has a
double bright rose-colored knob.
2. Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a poet noted
for grace and melody; as Shakespeare is called the swan of
Avon.
3. (Astron.) The constellation Cygnus.
{Swan goose} (Zo["o]l.), a bird of India ({Cygnopsis
cygnoides}) resembling both the swan and the goose.
{Swan shot}, a large size of shot used in fowling.
Swang \Swang\, obs.
imp. of {Swing}.
Swang \Swang\, n. [Cf. {Swamp}.]
A swamp. [Prov. Eng.]
Swanherd \Swan"herd`\, n.
One who tends or marks swans; as, the royal swanherd of
England.
Swan-hopping \Swan"-hop`ping\, n.
A corruption of {Swan-upping}. [Eng.] --Encyc. Brit.
Swanimote \Swan"i*mote\, n. (Eng. Forest Law)
See {Swainmote}.
Swankie \Swank"ie\, Swanky \Swank"y\, n. [Cf. G. schwank
flexible, pliant.]
An active and clever young fellow. [Scot.] --Sir W. Scott.
Swanlike \Swan"like`\, a.
Resembling a swan.
Swanmark \Swan"mark`\, n.
A mark of ownership cut on the bill or swan. [Eng.] --Encyc.
Brit.
Swannery \Swan"ner*y\, n.
A place where swans are bred. ``The largest swannery in
England.'' --Encyc. Brit.
Swanny \Swan"ny\, a.
Swanlike; as, a swanny glossiness of the neck. --Richardson.
Swanpan \Swan"pan\, n. [Cf. {Schwanpan}.]
The Chinese abacus; a schwanpan.
--S. W. Williams.
Swan's-down \Swan's"-down`\, or Swans-down \Swans"-down`\, n.
1. The down, or fine, soft feathers, of the swan, used on
various articles of dress.
2. A fine, soft, thick cloth of wool mixed with silk or
cotton; a sort of twilled fustian, like moleskin.
{Swan's-down cotton}. See {Cotton flannel}, under {Cotton}.
Swanskin \Swan"skin`\, n.
1. The act of a swan with the down or the feathers on.
2. A species of soft flannel, thick and warm.
Swan-upping \Swan"-up`ping\, n.
A yearly expedition on the Thames to take up young swans and
mark them, as by Companies of Dyers and Vintners; -- called
also {swan-hopping}. [Eng.] --Encyc. Brit.
Swap \Swap\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swapped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swapping}.] [OE. swappen to strike; cf. E. to strike a
bargain; perh. akin to E. sweep. Cf. {Swap} a blow, {Swap},
v. i.] [Written also {swop}.]
1. To strike; -- with off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] ``Swap off
his head!'' --Chaucer.
2. To exchange (usually two things of the same kind); to
swop. [Colloq.] --Miss Edgeworth.
Swap \Swap\, v. i. [Cf. {Swap}, v. t.]
1. To fall or descend; to rush hastily or violently. --C.
Richardson (Dict.).
All suddenly she swapt adown to ground. --Chaucer.
2. To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion
or noise; to flap.
Swap \Swap\, n. [Cf. G. schwapp, n., a slap, swap, schwapp,
schwapps, interj., slap! smack! and E. swap, v.t.]
1. A blow; a stroke. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. An exchange; a barter. [Colloq.] --Sir W. Scott.
Swap \Swap\, adv. [See {Swap}, n.]
Hastily. [Prov. Eng.]
Swape \Swape\, n.
See {Sweep}, n., 12.
Sward \Sward\, n. [AS. sweard skin, covering; akin to OFries.
swarge, D. zwoord, G. schwarte, Icel. sv["o]r?r skin, sward
of the earth.]
1. Skin; covering. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
2. The grassy surface of land; that part of the soil which is
filled with the roots of grass; turf.
The sward was trim as any garden lawn. --Tennyson.
{Sward pork}, bacon in large fitches. [Prov. Eng.]
Sward \Sward\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Swarded}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Swarding}.]
To produce sward upon; to cover, or be covered, with sward.
--Mortimer.
Sward-cutter \Sward"-cut`ter\, n.
(a) A plow for turning up grass land.
(b) A lawn mower.
Swarded \Sward"ed\, a.
Covered with sward. --Mrs. Browning.
Swardy \Sward"y\, a.
Covered with sward or grass.
Sware \Sware\,
imp. of {Swear}. [Obs. or Poetic]
Cophetua sware a royal oath. --Tennyson.
Swarf \Swarf\, v. i. [Cf. {Swerve}.]
To grow languid; to faint. [Scot.] ``To swarf for very
hunger.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Swarf \Swarf\, n. [Cf. {Swerve}.]
The grit worn away from grindstones in grinding cutlery wet.
[Prov. Eng.]
Swarm \Swarm\, v. i. [Cf. {Swerve}.]
To climb a tree, pole, or the like, by embracing it with the
arms and legs alternately. See {Shin}. [Colloq.]
At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for
those who could swarm up and seize it. --W. Coxe.
Swarm \Swarm\, n. [OE. swarm, AS. swearm; akin to D. zwerm, G.
schwarm, OHG. swaram, Icel. svarmr a tumult, Sw. sv["a]rm a
swarm, Dan. sv[ae]rm, and G. schwirren to whiz, to buzz, Skr.
svar to sound, and perhaps to E. swear. [root]177. Cf.
{Swerve}, {Swirl}.]
1. A large number or mass of small animals or insects,
especially when in motion. ``A deadly swarm of hornets.''
--Milton.
2. Especially, a great number of honeybees which emigrate
from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings under the
direction of a queen; a like body of bees settled
permanently in a hive. ``A swarm of bees.'' --Chaucer.
3. Hence, any great number or multitude, as of people in
motion, or sometimes of inanimate objects; as, a swarm of
meteorites.
Those prodigious swarms that had settled themselves
in every part of it [Italy]. --Addison.
Syn: Multitude; crowd; throng.
Swarm \Swarm\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Swarmed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swarming}.]
1. To collect, and depart from a hive by flight in a body; --
said of bees; as, bees swarm in warm, clear days in
summer.
2. To appear or collect in a crowd; to throng together; to
congregate in a multitude. --Chaucer.
3. To be crowded; to be thronged with a multitude of beings
in motion.
Every place swarms with soldiers. --Spenser.
4. To abound; to be filled (with). --Atterbury.
5. To breed multitudes.
Not so thick swarmed once the soil Bedropped with
blood of Gorgon. --Milton.
Swarm \Swarm\, v. t.
To crowd or throng. --Fanshawe.
Swarmspore \Swarm"spore`\, n.
1. (Bot.) One of innumerable minute, motile, reproductive
bodies, produced asexually by certain alg[ae] and fungi; a
zo["o]spore.
2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the minute flagellate germs produced by
the sporulation of a protozoan; -- called also
{zo["o]spore}.
Swart \Swart\, n.
Sward. [Obs.] --Holinshed.
Swart \Swart\, a. [OE. swart, AS. sweart black; akin to OFries,
OS. & LG. swart, D. zwart, G. schwartz, OHG. swarz, Icel.
svarir, Sw. svart, Dan. sort, Goth. swarts; cf. L. sordes
dirt, sordere to be dirty. Cf. {Sordid}, {Surd}.]
1. Of a dark hue; moderately black; swarthy; tawny. ``Swart
attendants.'' --Trench. ``Swart savage maids.''
--Hawthorne.
A nation strange, with visage swart. --Spenser.
2. Gloomy; malignant. [Obs.] --Milton.
{Swart star}, the Dog Star; -- so called from its appearing
during the hot weather of summer, which makes swart the
countenance. [R.] --Milton.
Swart \Swart\, v. t.
To make swart or tawny; as, to swart a living part. --Sir T.
Browne.
Swartback \Swart"back`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The black-backed gull ({Larus marinus}); -- called also
{swarbie}. [Prov. Eng.]
Swarth \Swarth\, a.
Swart; swarthy. ``A swarth complexion.'' --Chapman.
Swarth \Swarth\, n.
An apparition of a person about to die; a wraith. [Prov.
Eng.] --Grose.
Swarth \Swarth\, n. [See {Sward}.]
Sward; short grass.
Grassy swarth, close cropped by nibbling sheep.
--Cowper.
Swarth \Swarth\, n.
See {Swath}.
Swarthily \Swarth"i*ly\, adv.
In a swarthy manner; with a tawny hue; duskily.
Swarthiness \Swarth"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being swarthy; a dusky or dark
complexion; tawniness.
Swarthness \Swarth"*ness\, n.
Swarthiness. [R.] --Dr. R. Clerke.
Swarthy \Swarth"y\, a. [Compar. {Swarthier}; superl.
{Swarthiest}.] [See {Swart}, a.]
Being of a dark hue or dusky complexion; tawny; swart; as,
swarthy faces. ``A swarthy Ethiope.'' --Shak.
Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains.
--Addison.
Swarthy \Swarth"y\, v. t.
To make swarthy. [Obs.] --Cowley.
Swartiness \Swart"i*ness\, n.
Swarthiness. [Obs.]
Swartish \Swart"ish\, a.
Somewhat swart, dark, or tawny.
Swartness \Swart"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being swart.
Swarty \Swart"y\, a.
Swarthy; tawny. [Obs.] --Burton.
Swarve \Swarve\, v. i. [See {Swerve}.]
1. To swerve. [Obs. or Scot.] --Spenser. Jamieson.
2. To climb. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Swash \Swash\, n. [Cf. {Swash}, v. i., {Squash}, v. t.] (Arch.)
An oval figure, whose moldings are oblique to the axis of the
work. --Moxon.
{Swash plate} (Mach.), a revolving circular plate, set
obliquely on its shaft, and acting as a cam to give a
reciprocating motion to a rod in a direction parallel to
the shaft.
Swash \Swash\, a. [Cf. {Swash}, v. i., {Squash}, v. t.]
Soft, like fruit too ripe; swashy. [Prov. Eng.] --Pegge.
Swash \Swash\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Swashed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swashing}.] [Probably of imitative origin; cf. Sw. svasska
to splash, and, for sense 3, Sw. svassa to bully, to
rodomontade.]
1. To dash or flow noisily, as water; to splash; as, water
swashing on a shallow place.
2. To fall violently or noisily. [Obs.] --Holinshed.
3. To bluster; to make a great noise; to vapor or brag.
Swash \Swash\, n.
1. Impulse of water flowing with violence; a dashing or
splashing of water.
2. A narrow sound or channel of water lying within a sand
bank, or between a sand bank and the shore, or a bar over
which the sea washes.
3. Liquid filth; wash; hog mash. [Obs.]
4. A blustering noise; a swaggering behavior. [Obs.]
5. A swaggering fellow; a swasher.
Swashbuckler \Swash"buc`kler\, n.
A bully or braggadocio; a swaggering, boastful fellow; a
swaggerer. --Milton.
Swasher \Swash"er\, n.
One who makes a blustering show of valor or force of arms.
--Shak.
Swashing \Swash"ing\, a.
1. Swaggering; hectoring. ``A swashing and martial outside.''
--Shak.
2. Resounding; crushing. ``Swashing blow.'' --Shak.
Swashway \Swash"way`\, n.
Same as 4th {Swash}, 2.
Swashy \Swash"y\, a.
Soft, like fruit that is too ripe; quashy; swash. [Prov.
Eng.]
Swat \Swat\ (sw[o^]t), obs.
imp. of {Sweat}. --Chaucer.
Swatch \Swatch\, n.
1. A swath. [Obs.] --Tusser.
2. A piece, pattern, or sample, generally of cloth.
--Halliwell. Jamieson.
Swate \Swate\ (sw[=a]t), obs.
imp. of {Sweat}. --Thomson.
Swath \Swath\ (sw[add]th; 277), n. [AS. swa[eth]u a track,
trace; akin to D. zwaad, zwad, zwade, a swath of grass, G.
schwad, schwaden; perhaps, originally, a shred. Cf. {Swathe},
v. t.]
1. A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the
scythe in mowing or cradling.
2. The whole sweep of a scythe, or the whole breadth from
which grass or grain is cut by a scythe or a machine, in
mowing or cradling; as, to cut a wide swath.
3. A band or fillet; a swathe. --Shak.
{Swath bank}, a row of new-mown grass. [Prov. Eng.]
Swathe \Swathe\ (sw[=a][th]), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swathed}
(sw[=a][th]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Swathing}.] [OE. swathen, AS.
swe[eth]ain. See {Swath}, n., and cf. {Swaddle}.]
To bind with a swathe, band, bandage, or rollers.
Their children are never swathed or bound about with
any thing when they are first born. --Abp. Abbot.
Swathe \Swathe\, n.
A bandage; a band; a swath.
Wrapped me in above an hundred yards of swathe.
--Addison.
Milk and a swathe, at first, his whole demand. --Young.
The solemn glory of the afternoon, with its long
swathes of light between the far off rows of limes.
--G. Eliot.
Swather \Swath"er\, n. [See {Swath}, n.] (Agric.)
A device attached to a mowing machine for raising the uncut
fallen grain and marking the limit of the swath.
Swatte \Swat"te\, obs.
imp. of {Sweat}. --Chaucer.
Sway \Sway\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swayed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swaying}.] [OE. sweyen, Icel. sveigja, akin to E. swing; cf.
D. zwaaijen to wield, swing. See {Swing}, and cf. {Swag}, v.
i.]
1. To move or wield with the hand; to swing; to wield; as, to
sway the scepter.
As sparkles from the anvil rise, When heavy hammers
on the wedge are swayed. --Spenser.
2. To influence or direct by power and authority; by
persuasion, or by moral force; to rule; to govern; to
guide.
The will of man is by his reason swayed. --Shak.
She could not sway her house. --Shak.
This was the race To sway the world, and land and
sea subdue. --Dryden.
3. To cause to incline or swing to one side, or backward and
forward; to bias; to turn; to bend; warp; as, reeds swayed
by wind; judgment swayed by passion.
As bowls run true by being made On purpose false,
and to be swayed. --Hudibras.
Let not temporal and little advantages sway you
against a more durable interest. --Tillotson.
4. (Naut.) To hoist; as, to sway up the yards.
Syn: To bias; rule; govern; direct; influence; swing; move;
wave; wield.
Sway \Sway\, v. i.
1. To be drawn to one side by weight or influence; to lean;
to incline.
The balance sways on our part. --Bacon.
2. To move or swing from side to side; or backward and
forward.
3. To have weight or influence.
The example of sundry churches . . . doth sway much.
--Hooker.
4. To bear sway; to rule; to govern.
Hadst thou swayed as kings should do. --Shak.
Sway \Sway\, n.
1. The act of swaying; a swaying motion; the swing or sweep
of a weapon.
With huge two-handed sway brandished aloft.
--Milton.
2. Influence, weight, or authority that inclines to one side;
as, the sway of desires. --A. Tucker.
3. Preponderance; turn or cast of balance.
Expert When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway
Of battle. --Milton.
4. Rule; dominion; control. --Cowper.
When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The
post of honor is a private station. --Addison.
5. A switch or rod used by thatchers to bind their work.
[Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
Syn: Rule; dominion; power; empire; control; influence;
direction; preponderance; ascendency.
Sway-backed \Sway"-backed`\, a.
Having the back hollow or sagged, whether naturally or as the
result of injury or weakness; -- said of horses and other
animals.
Sway-bracing \Sway"-bra`cing\, n. (Engin.)
The horizontal bracing of a bridge, which prevents its
swaying.
Swayed \Swayed\, a.
Bent down, and hollow in the back; sway-backed; -- said of a
horse. --Shak.
Swayful \Sway"ful\, a.
Able to sway. [R.] --Rush.
Swaying \Sway"ing\, n.
An injury caused by violent strains or by overloading; --
said of the backs of horses. --Crabb.
Sweal \Sweal\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Swealed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swealing}.] [OE. swelen to burn, AS. swelan; akin to G.
schwelen to burn slowly, schw["u]l sultry, Icel. sv[ae]la a
thick smoke.]
To melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle; to waste
away without feeding the flame. [Written also {swale}.] --Sir
W. Scott.
Sweal \Sweal\, v. t.
To singe; to scorch; to swale; as, to sweal a pig by singeing
off the hair.
Swear \Swear\, v. i. [imp. {Swore}, formerly {Sware}; p. p.
{Sworn}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Swearing}.] [OE. swerien, AS.
swerian; akin to D. zweren, OS. swerian, OHG. swerien, G.
schw["o]ren, Icel. sverja, Sw. sv["a]rja, Dan. sv[ae]rge,
Icel. & Sw. svara to answer, Dan. svare, Dan. & Sw. svar an
answer, Goth. swaran to swear, and perhaps to E. swarm.
[root]177. Cf. {Answer}.]
1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, with an appeal to
God for the truth of what is affirmed; to make a promise,
threat, or resolve on oath; also, to affirm solemnly by
some sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the
Bible, the Koran, etc.
Ye shall swear by my name falsely. --Lev. xix.
12.
I swear by all the Roman gods. --Shak.
2. (Law) To give evidence on oath; as, to swear to the truth
of a statement; he swore against the prisoner.
3. To make an appeal to God in an irreverant manner; to use
the name of God or sacred things profanely; to call upon
God in imprecation; to curse.
[I] swore little; diced not above seven times a
week. --Shak.
{To swear by}, to place great confidence in a person or
thing; to trust implicitly as an authority. ``I simply
meant to ask if you are one of those who swear by Lord
Verulam.'' --Miss Edgeworth.
{To swear off}, to make a solemn vow, or a serious
resolution, to abstain from something; as, to swear off
smoking. [Slang]
Swear \Swear\, v. t.
1. To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal to God for the
truth of the declaration; to make (a promise, threat, or
resolve) under oath.
Swear unto me here by God, that thou wilt not deal
falsely with me. --Gen. xxi.
23.
He swore consent to your succession. --Shak.
2. (Law) To put to an oath; to cause to take an oath; to
administer an oath to; -- ofetn followed by in or into;
as, to swear witnesses; to swear a jury; to swear in an
officer; he was sworn into office.
3. To declare or charge upon oath; as, he swore treason
against his friend. --Johnson.
4. To appeal to by an oath.
Now, by Apollo, king, Thou swear'st thy gods in
vain. --Shak.
{To swear the peace against one}, to make oath that one is
under the actual fear of death or bodily harm from the
person, in which case the person must find sureties that
he will keep the peace.
Swearer \Swear"er\, n.
1. One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth
of his declaration.
2. A profane person; one who uses profane language.
Then the liars and swearers are fools. --Shak.
Swearing \Swear"ing\,
a. & n. from {Swear}, v.
Idle swearing is a cursedness. --Chaucer.
Sweat \Sweat\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sweat} or {Sweated} (Obs.
{Swat}); p. pr. & vb. n. {Sweating}.] [OE. sweten, AS.
sw[ae]tan, fr. sw[=a]t, n., sweat; akin to OFries. & OS.
sw[=e]t, D. zweet, OHG. sweiz, G. schweiss, Icel. sviti,
sveiti, Sw. svett, Dan. sved, L. sudor sweat, sudare to
sweat, Gr. ?, ?, sweat, ? to sweat, Skr. sv[=e]da sweat, svid
to sweat. [root]178. Cf. {Exude}, {Sudary}, {Sudorific}.]
1. To excrete sensible moisture from the pores of the skin;
to perspire. --Shak.
2. Fig.: To perspire in toil; to work hard; to drudge.
He 'd have the poets sweat. --Waller.
3. To emit moisture, as green plants in a heap.
Sweat \Sweat\, v. t.
1. To cause to excrete moisture from the skin; to cause to
perspire; as, his physicians attempted to sweat him by
most powerful sudorifics.
2. To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to exude.
It made her not a drop for sweat. --Chaucer.
With exercise she sweat ill humors out. --Dryden.
3. To unite by heating, after the application of soldier.
4. To get something advantageous, as money, property, or
labor from (any one), by exaction or oppression; as, to
sweat a spendthrift; to sweat laborers. [Colloq.]
{To sweat coin}, to remove a portion of a piece of coin, as
by shaking it with others in a bag, so that the friction
wears off a small quantity of the metal.
The only use of it [money] which is interdicted is
to put it in circulation again after having
diminished its weight by ``sweating'', or otherwise,
because the quantity of metal contains is no longer
consistent with its impression. --R. Cobden.
Sweat \Sweat\, n. [Cf. OE. swot, AS. sw[=a]t. See {Sweat}, v.
i.]
1. (Physiol.) The fluid which is excreted from the skin of an
animal; the fluid secreted by the sudoriferous glands; a
transparent, colorless, acid liquid with a peculiar odor,
containing some fatty acids and mineral matter;
perspiration. See {Perspiration}.
In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread.
--Gen. iii.
19.
2. The act of sweating; or the state of one who sweats;
hence, labor; toil; drudgery. --Shak.
3. Moisture issuing from any substance; as, the sweat of hay
or grain in a mow or stack. --Mortimer.
4. The sweating sickness. [Obs.] --Holinshed.
5. (Man.) A short run by a race horse in exercise.
{Sweat box} (Naut.), a small closet in which refractory men
are confined.
{Sweat glands} (Anat.), sudoriferous glands. See under
{Sudoriferous}.
Sweater \Sweat"er\, n.
1. One who sweats.
2. One who, or that which, causes to sweat; as:
(a) A sudorific.
(b) A woolen jacket or jersey worn by athletes.
(c) An employer who oppresses his workmen by paying low
wages. [Slang]
Sweatily \Sweat"i*ly\, adv.
In a sweaty manner.
Sweatiness \Sweat"i*ness\, n.
Quality or state of being sweaty.
Sweating \Sweat"ing\,
a. & n. from {Sweat}, v.
{Sweating bath}, a bath producing sensible sweat; a stove or
sudatory.
{Sweating house}, a house for sweating persons in sickness.
{Sweating iron}, a kind of knife, or a piece of iron, used to
scrape off sweat, especially from horses; a horse scraper.
{Sweating room}.
(a) A room for sweating persons.
(b) (Dairying) A room for sweating cheese and carrying off
the superfluous juices.
{Sweating sickness} (Med.), a febrile epidemic disease which
prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particularly in
England, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,
characterized by profuse sweating. Death often occured in
a few hours.
Sweaty \Sweat"y\, a. [Compar. {Sweatier}; superl. {Sweatiest}.]
1. Moist with sweat; as, a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment.
2. Consisting of sweat; of the nature of sweat.
No noisome whiffs or sweaty streams. --Swift.
3. Causing sweat; hence, laborious; toilsome; difficult.
``The sweaty forge.'' --Prior.
Swede \Swede\, n. [Cf. G. Schwede.]
1. A native or inhabitant of Sweden.
2. (Bot.) A Swedish turnip. See under {Turnip}.
Swedenborgian \Swe`den*bor"gi*an\, n.
One who holds the doctrines of the New Jerusalem church, as
taught by Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher and
religious writer, who was born a. d. 1688 and died 1772.
Swedenborg claimed to have intercourse with the spiritual
world, through the opening of his spiritual senses in 1745.
He taught that the Lord Jesus Christ, as comprehending in
himself all the fullness of the Godhead, is the one only God,
and that there is a spiritual sense to the Scriptures, which
he (Swedenborg) was able to reveal, because he saw the
correspondence between natural and spiritual things.
Swedenborgian \Swe`den*bor"gi*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Swedenborg or his views.
Swedenborgianism \Swe`den*bor"gi*an*ism\, n.
The doctrines of the Swedenborgians.
Swedish \Swed"ish\, a. [Cf. G. schwedisch, Sw. svensk.]
Of or pertaining to Sweden or its inhabitants.
{Swedish turnip}. (Bot.) See under {Turnip}.
Swedish \Swed"ish\, n.
The language of Swedes.
Sweeny \Swee"ny\, n. (Far.)
An atrophy of the muscles of the shoulder in horses; also,
atrophy of any muscle in horses. [Written also {swinney}.]
Sweep \Sweep\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swept}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Sweeping}.] [OE. swepen; akin to AS. sw[=a]pan. See {Swoop},
v. i.]
1. To pass a broom across (a surface) so as to remove loose
dirt, dust, etc.; to brush, or rub over, with a broom for
the purpose of cleaning; as, to sweep a floor, the street,
or a chimney. Used also figuratively.
I will sweep it with the besom of destruction.
--Isa. xiv.
23.
2. To drive or carry along or off with a broom or a brush, or
as if with a broom; to remove by, or as if by, brushing;
as, to sweep dirt from a floor; the wind sweeps the snow
from the hills; a freshet sweeps away a dam, timber, or
rubbish; a pestilence sweeps off multitudes.
The hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies. --Isa.
xxviii. 17.
I have already swept the stakes. --Dryden.
3. To brush against or over; to rub lightly along.
Their long descending train, With rubies edged and
sapphires, swept the plain. --Dryden.
4. To carry with a long, swinging, or dragging motion; hence,
to carry in a stately or proud fashion.
And like a peacock sweep along his tail. --Shak.
5. To strike with a long stroke.
Wake into voice each silent string, And sweep the
sounding lyre. --Pope.
6. (Naut.) To draw or drag something over; as, to sweep the
bottom of a river with a net.
7. To pass over, or traverse, with the eye or with an
instrument of observation; as, to sweep the heavens with a
telescope.
{To sweep, or sweep up}, {a mold} (Founding), to form the
sand into a mold by a templet, instead of compressing it
around the pattern.
Sweep \Sweep\, v. i.
1. To clean rooms, yards, etc., or to clear away dust, dirt,
litter, etc., with a broom, brush, or the like.
2. To brush swiftly over the surface of anything; to pass
with switness and force, as if brushing the surface of
anything; to move in a stately manner; as, the wind sweeps
across the plain; a woman sweeps through a drawing-room.
3. To pass over anything comprehensively; to range through
with rapidity; as, his eye sweeps through space.
Sweep \Sweep\, n.
1. The act of sweeping.
2. The compass or range of a stroke; as, a long sweep.
3. The compass of any turning body or of any motion; as, the
sweep of a door; the sweep of the eye.
4. The compass of anything flowing or brushing; as, the flood
carried away everything within its sweep.
5. Violent and general destruction; as, the sweep of an
epidemic disease.
6. Direction and extent of any motion not rectlinear; as, the
sweep of a compass.
7. Direction or departure of a curve, a road, an arch, or the
like, away from a rectlinear line.
The road which makes a small sweep. --Sir W.
Scott.
8. One who sweeps; a sweeper; specifically, a chimney
sweeper.
9. (Founding) A movable templet for making molds, in loam
molding.
10. (Naut.)
(a) The mold of a ship when she begins to curve in at the
rungheads; any part of a ship shaped in a segment of
a circle.
(b) A large oar used in small vessels, partly to propel
them and partly to steer them.
11. (Refining) The almond furnace. [Obs.]
12. A long pole, or piece of timber, moved on a horizontal
fulcrum fixed to a tall post and used to raise and lower
a bucket in a well for drawing water. [Variously written
{swape}, {sweep}, {swepe}, and {swipe}.]
13. (Card Playing) In the game of casino, a pairing or
combining of all the cards on the board, and so removing
them all; in whist, the winning of all the tricks
(thirteen) in a hand; a slam.
14. pl. The sweeping of workshops where precious metals are
worked, containing filings, etc.
{Sweep net}, a net for drawing over a large compass.
{Sweep of the tiller} (Naut.), a circular frame on which the
tiller traverses.
Sweepage \Sweep"age\, n.
The crop of hay got in a meadow. [Prov. Eng.]
Sweeper \Sweep"er\, n.
One who, or that which, sweeps, or cleans by sweeping; a
sweep; as, a carpet sweeper.
It is oxygen which is the great sweeper of the economy.
--Huxley.
Sweeping \Sweep"ing\, a.
Cleaning off surfaces, or cleaning away dust, dirt, or
litter, as a broom does; moving with swiftness and force;
carrying everything before it; including in its scope many
persons or things; as, a sweeping flood; a sweeping majority;
a sweeping accusation. -- {Sweep"ing*ly}, adv.
-{Sweep"ing*ness}, n.
Sweepings \Sweep"ings\, n. pl.
Things collected by sweeping; rubbish; as, the sweepings of a
street.
Sweep-saw \Sweep"-saw`\, n.
A bow-saw.
Sweepstake \Sweep"stake`\, n.
1. A winning of all the stakes or prizes. --Heylin.
2. A complete removal or carrying away; a clean sweep. [Obs.]
--Bp. Hacket.
Sweepstakes \Sweep"stakes`\, n.
1. A winning of all the stakes or prizes; a sweepstake.
2. sing. or pl. The whole money or other things staked at a
horse race, a given sum being put up for each horse, all
of which goes to the winner, or is divided among several,
as may be previously agreed.
3. A race for all the sums staked or prizes offered.
Sweepwasher \Sweep"wash`er\, n.
One who extracts the residuum of precious metals from the
sweepings, potsherds, etc., of refineries of gold and silver,
or places where these metals are used.
Sweepy \Sweep"y\, a.
Moving with a sweeping motion.
The branches bend before their sweepy away. --Dryden.
Sweet \Sweet\, a. [Compar. {Sweeter}; superl. {Sweetest}.] [OE.
swete, swote, sote, AS. sw[=e]te; akin to OFries. sw[=e]te,
OS. sw[=o]ti, D. zoet, G. s["u]ss, OHG. suozi, Icel. s[ae]tr,
s[oe]tr, Sw. s["o]t, Dan. s["o]d, Goth. suts, L. suavis, for
suadvis, Gr. ?, Skr. sv[=a]du sweet, svad, sv[=a]d, to
sweeten. [root]175. Cf. {Assuage}, {Suave}, {Suasion}.]
1. Having an agreeable taste or flavor such as that of sugar;
saccharine; -- opposed to sour and bitter; as, a sweet
beverage; sweet fruits; sweet oranges.
2. Pleasing to the smell; fragrant; redolent; balmy; as, a
sweet rose; sweet odor; sweet incense.
The breath of these flowers is sweet to me.
--Longfellow.
3. Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodious; harmonious; as, the
sweet notes of a flute or an organ; sweet music; a sweet
voice; a sweet singer.
To make his English sweet upon his tongue.
--Chaucer.
A voice sweet, tremulous, but powerful. --Hawthorne.
4. Pleasing to the eye; beautiful; mild and attractive; fair;
as, a sweet face; a sweet color or complexion.
Sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods,
and plains. --Milton.
5. Fresh; not salt or brackish; as, sweet water. --Bacon.
6. Not changed from a sound or wholesome state. Specifically:
(a) Not sour; as, sweet milk or bread.
(b) Not state; not putrescent or putrid; not rancid; as,
sweet butter; sweet meat or fish.
7. Plaesing to the mind; mild; gentle; calm; amiable;
winning; presuasive; as, sweet manners.
Canst thou bind the sweet influence of Pleiades?
--Job xxxviii.
31.
Mildness and sweet reasonableness is the one
established rule of Christian working. --M. Arnold.
Note: Sweet is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, sweet-blossomed, sweet-featured,
sweet-smelling, sweet-tempered, sweet-toned, etc.
{Sweet alyssum}. (Bot.) See {Alyssum}.
{Sweet apple}. (Bot.)
(a) Any apple of sweet flavor.
(b) See {Sweet-top}.
{Sweet bay}. (Bot.)
(a) The laurel ({laurus nobilis}).
(b) Swamp sassafras.
{Sweet calabash} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Passiflora}
({P. maliformis}) growing in the West Indies, and
producing a roundish, edible fruit, the size of an apple.
{Sweet cicely}. (Bot.)
(a) Either of the North American plants of the
umbelliferous genus {Osmorrhiza} having aromatic roots
and seeds, and white flowers. --Gray.
(b) A plant of the genus {Myrrhis} ({M. odorata}) growing
in England.
{Sweet calamus}, or {Sweet cane}. (Bot.) Same as {Sweet
flag}, below.
{Sweet Cistus} (Bot.), an evergreen shrub ({Cistus Ladanum})
from which the gum ladanum is obtained.
{Sweet clover}. (Bot.) See {Melilot}.
{Sweet coltsfoot} (Bot.), a kind of butterbur ({Petasites
sagittata}) found in Western North America.
{Sweet corn} (Bot.), a variety of the maize of a sweet taste.
See the Note under {Corn}.
{Sweet fern} (Bot.), a small North American shrub
({Comptonia, or Myrica, asplenifolia}) having
sweet-scented or aromatic leaves resembling fern leaves.
{Sweet flag} (Bot.), an endogenous plant ({Acorus Calamus})
having long flaglike leaves and a rootstock of a pungent
aromatic taste. It is found in wet places in Europe and
America. See {Calamus}, 2.
{Sweet gale} (Bot.), a shrub ({Myrica Gale}) having bitter
fragrant leaves; -- also called {sweet willow}, and {Dutch
myrtle}. See 5th {Gale}.
{Sweet grass} (Bot.), holy, or Seneca, grass.
{Sweet gum} (Bot.), an American tree ({Liquidambar
styraciflua}). See {Liquidambar}.
{Sweet herbs}, fragrant herbs cultivated for culinary
purposes.
{Sweet John} (Bot.), a variety of the sweet William.
{Sweet leaf} (Bot.), horse sugar. See under {Horse}.
{Sweet marjoram}. (Bot.) See {Marjoram}.
{Sweet marten} (Zo["o]l.), the pine marten.
{Sweet maudlin} (Bot.), a composite plant ({Achillea
Ageratum}) allied to milfoil.
{Sweet oil}, olive oil.
{Sweet pea}. (Bot.) See under {Pea}.
{Sweet potato}. (Bot.) See under {Potato}.
{Sweet rush} (Bot.), sweet flag.
{Sweet spirits of niter} (Med. Chem.) See {Spirit of nitrous
ether}, under {Spirit}.
{Sweet sultan} (Bot.), an annual composite plant ({Centaurea
moschata}), also, the yellow-flowered ({C. odorata}); --
called also {sultan flower}.
{Sweet tooth}, an especial fondness for sweet things or for
sweetmeats. [Colloq.]
{Sweet William}.
(a) (Bot.) A species of pink ({Dianthus barbatus}) of many
varieties.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) The willow warbler.
(c) (Zo["o]l.) The European goldfinch; -- called also
{sweet Billy}. [Prov. Eng.]
{Sweet willow} (Bot.), sweet gale.
{Sweet wine}. See {Dry wine}, under {Dry}.
{To be sweet on}, to have a particular fondness for, or
special interest in, as a young man for a young woman.
[Colloq.] --Thackeray.
Syn: Sugary; saccharine; dulcet; luscious.
Sweet \Sweet\, n.
1. That which is sweet to the taste; -- used chiefly in the
plural. Specifically:
(a) Confectionery, sweetmeats, preserves, etc.
(b) Home-made wines, cordials, metheglin, etc.
2. That which is sweet or pleasant in odor; a perfume. ``A
wilderness of sweets.'' --Milton.
3. That which is pleasing or grateful to the mind; as, the
sweets of domestic life.
A little bitter mingled in our cup leaves no relish
of the sweet. --Locke.
4. One who is dear to another; a darling; -- a term of
endearment. ``Wherefore frowns my sweet?'' --B. Jonson.
Sweet \Sweet\, adv.
Sweetly. --Shak.
Sweet \Sweet\, v. t.
To sweeten. [Obs.] --Udall.
Sweetbread \Sweet"bread`\, n.
1. Either the thymus gland or the pancreas, the former being
called {neck, or throat, sweetbread}, the latter {belly
sweetbread}. The sweetbreads of ruminants, esp. of the
calf, are highly esteemed as food. See {Pancreas}, and
{Thymus}.
2. (Anat.) The pancreas.
Sweet-breasted \Sweet"-breast`ed\, a.
Having a sweet, musical voice, as the nightingale. Cf.
{Breast}, n., 6. [Obs.]
Sweetbrier \Sweet"bri`er\, n. (Bot.)
A kind of rose ({Rosa rubiginosa}) with minutely glandular
and fragrant foliage. The small-flowered sweetbrier is {Rosa
micrantha}.
Sweeten \Sweet"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Sweetened}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sweetening}.] [See {Sweet}, a.]
1. To make sweet to the taste; as, to sweeten tea.
2. To make pleasing or grateful to the mind or feelings; as,
to sweeten life; to sweeten friendship.
3. To make mild or kind; to soften; as, to sweeten the
temper.
4. To make less painful or laborious; to relieve; as, to
sweeten the cares of life. --Dryden.
And sweeten every secret tear. --Keble.
5. To soften to the eye; to make delicate.
Correggio has made his memory immortal by the
strength he has given to his figures, and by
sweetening his lights and shadows, and melting them
into each other. --Dryden.
6. To make pure and salubrious by destroying noxious matter;
as, to sweeten rooms or apartments that have been
infected; to sweeten the air.
7. To make warm and fertile; -- opposed to sour; as, to dry
and sweeten soils.
8. To restore to purity; to free from taint; as, to sweeten
water, butter, or meat.
Sweeten \Sweet"en\, v. i.
To become sweet. --Bacon.
Sweetener \Sweet"en*er\, n.
One who, or that which, sweetens; one who palliates; that
which moderates acrimony.
Sweetening \Sweet"en*ing\, n.
1. The act of making sweet.
2. That which sweetens.
Sweetheart \Sweet"heart`\, n.
A lover of mistress.
Sweethearting \Sweet"heart`ing\, n.
Making love. ``To play at sweethearting.'' --W. Black.
Sweeting \Sweet"ing\, n.
1. A sweet apple. --Ascham.
2. A darling; -- a word of endearment. --Shak.
Sweetish \Sweet"ish\, a.
Somewhat sweet. -- {Sweet"ish*ness}, n.
Sweetly \Sweet"ly\, adv. [AS. sw[=e]tlice.]
In a sweet manner.
Sweetmeat \Sweet"meat`\, n.
1. Fruit preserved with sugar, as peaches, pears, melons,
nuts, orange peel, etc.; -- usually in the plural; a
confect; a confection.
2. The paint used in making patent leather.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A boat shell ({Crepidula fornicata}) of the
American coast. [Local, U.S.]
Sweetness \Sweet"ness\, n. [AS. sw[=e]tness.]
The quality or state of being sweet (in any sense of the
adjective); gratefulness to the taste or to the smell;
agreeableness.
Sweetroot \Sweet"root`\, n. (Bot.)
Licorice.
Sweet-scented \Sweet"-scent`ed\, a.
Having a sweet scent or smell; fragrant.
{Sweet-scented shrub} (Bot.), a shrub of the genus
{Calycanthus}, the flowers of which, when crushed, have a
fragrance resembling that of strawberries.
Sweet-sop \Sweet"-sop`\, n. (Bot.)
A kind of custard apple ({Anona squamosa}). See under
{Custard}.
Sweetwater \Sweet"wa`ter\, n. (Bot.)
A variety of white grape, having a sweet watery juice; --
also called {white sweetwater}, and {white muscadine}.
Sweetweed \Sweet"weed`\, n. (Bot.)
A name for two tropical American weeds ({Capraria biflora},
and {Scoparia dulcis}) of the Figwort family.
Sweetwood \Sweet"wood`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) The true laurel ({Laurus nobilis}.)
(b) The timber of the tree {Oreodaphne Leucoxylon}, growing
in Jamaica. The name is also applied to the timber of
several other related trees.
Sweetwort \Sweet"wort`\, n.
Any plant of a sweet taste.
Sweigh \Sweigh\, n.
Sway; movement. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Sweinmote \Swein"mote`\, n.
See {Swainmote}. [Obs.]
Swell \Swell\, v. i. [imp. {Swelled}; p. p. {Swelled} or
{Swollen}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Swelling}.] [AS. swellan; akin to
D. zwellen, OS. & OHG. swellan, G. schwellen, Icel. svella,
Sw. sv["a]lla.]
1. To grow larger; to dilate or extend the exterior surface
or dimensions, by matter added within, or by expansion of
the inclosed substance; as, the legs swell in dropsy; a
bruised part swells; a bladder swells by inflation.
2. To increase in size or extent by any addition; to increase
in volume or force; as, a river swells, and overflows its
banks; sounds swell or diminish.
3. To rise or be driven into waves or billows; to heave; as,
in tempest, the ocean swells into waves.
4. To be puffed up or bloated; as, to swell with pride.
You swell at the tartan, as the bull is said to do
at scarlet. --Sir W.
Scott.
5. To be inflated; to belly; as, the sails swell.
6. To be turgid, bombastic, or extravagant; as, swelling
words; a swelling style.
7. To protuberate; to bulge out; as, a cask swells in the
middle.
8. To be elated; to rise arrogantly.
Your equal mind yet swells not into state. --Dryden.
9. To grow upon the view; to become larger; to expand.
``Monarchs to behold the swelling scene!'' --Shak.
10. To become larger in amount; as, many little debts added,
swell to a great amount.
11. To act in a pompous, ostentatious, or arrogant manner; to
strut; to look big.
Here he comes, swelling like a turkey cock. --Shak.
Swell \Swell\, v. t.
1. To increase the size, bulk, or dimensions of; to cause to
rise, dilate, or increase; as, rains and dissolving snow
swell the rivers in spring; immigration swells the
population.
[The Church] swells her high, heart-cheering tone.
--Keble.
2. To aggravate; to heighten.
It is low ebb with his accuser when such
peccadilloes are put to swell the charge.
--Atterbury.
3. To raise to arrogance; to puff up; to inflate; as, to be
swelled with pride or haughtiness.
4. (Mus.) To augment gradually in force or loudness, as the
sound of a note.
Swell \Swell\, n.
1. The act of swelling.
2. Gradual increase. Specifically:
(a) Increase or augmentation in bulk; protuberance.
(b) Increase in height; elevation; rise.
Little River affords navigation during a swell
to within three miles of the Miami. --Jefferson.
(c) Increase of force, intensity, or volume of sound.
Music arose with its voluptuous swell. --Byron.
(d) Increase of power in style, or of rhetorical force.
The swell and subsidence of his periods.
--Landor.
3. A gradual ascent, or rounded elevation, of land; as, an
extensive plain abounding with little swells.
4. A wave, or billow; especially, a succession of large
waves; the roll of the sea after a storm; as, a heavy
swell sets into the harbor.
The swell Of the long waves that roll in yonder bay.
--Tennyson.
The gigantic swells and billows of the snow.
--Hawthorne.
5. (Mus.) A gradual increase and decrease of the volume of
sound; the crescendo and diminuendo combined; -- generally
indicated by the sign.
6. A showy, dashing person; a dandy. [Slang]
{Ground swell}. See under {Ground}.
{Organ swell} (Mus.), a certain number of pipes inclosed in a
box, the uncovering of which by means of a pedal produces
increased sound.
{Swell shark} (Zo["o]l.), a small shark ({Scyllium
ventricosum}) of the west coast of North America, which
takes in air when caught, and swells up like a swellfish.
Swell \Swell\, a.
Having the characteristics of a person of rank and
importance; showy; dandified; distinguished; as, a swell
person; a swell neighborhood. [Slang]
{Swell mob}. See under {Mob}. [Slang]
Swelldom \Swell"dom\, n.
People of rank and fashion; the class of swells,
collectively. [Jocose]
Swellfish \Swell"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any plectognath fish that dilates itself, as the bur fish,
puffer, or diodon.
Swelling \Swell"ing\, n.
1. The act of that which swells; as, the swelling of rivers
in spring; the swelling of the breast with pride.
Rise to the swelling of the voiceless sea.
--Coleridge.
2. A protuberance; a prominence; especially (Med.), an
unnatural prominence or protuberance; as, a scrofulous
swelling.
The superficies of such plates are not even, but
have many cavities and swellings. --Sir I.
Newton.
Swellish \Swell"ish\, a.
Dandified; stylish. [Slang]
Swelltoad \Swell"toad`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A swellfish.
Swelt \Swelt\, obs.
imp. of {Swell}.
Swelt \Swelt\, v. i. [OE. swelten to die, to swoon or faint, AS.
sweltan to die; akin to OD. swelten to hunger, to fail, OS.
sweltan to die, Icel. svelta to die, to hunger, Sw. sv["a]lta
to hunger, Dan. sulte, Goth. sviltan to die. Cf. {Swelter},
{Sweltry}.]
1. To die; to perish. [Obs.]
2. To faint; to swoon. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Night she swelt for passing joy. --Spenser.
Swelt \Swelt\, v. t.
To overpower, as with heat; to cause to faint; to swelter.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Bp. Hall.
Swelter \Swel"ter\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sweltered}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Sweltering}.] [From {Swelt}, v. i.]
1. To be overcome and faint with heat; to be ready to perish
with heat. ``Sweltered cattle.'' --Coleridge.
2. To welter; to soak. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Swelter \Swel"ter\, v. t.
1. To oppress with heat. --Bentley.
2. To exude, like sweat. [R.] --Shak.
Sweltry \Swel"try\, a. [See {Swelter}, {Swelt}, v. i., and cf.
{Sultry}.]
Suffocating with heat; oppressively hot; sultry. [R.]
--Evelyn.
Swelve \Swel"ve\, v. t.
To swallow. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Swept \Swept\,
imp. & p. p. of {Sweep}.
Swerd \Swerd\, n. & v.
See {Sward}, n. & v. [Obs.]
Swerd \Swerd\, n.
Sword. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Swerve \Swerve\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Swerved}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swerving}.] [OE. swerven, AS. sweorfan to wipe off, to file,
to polish; akin to OFries. swerva to creep, D. zwerven to
swerve, to rope, OS. swerban to wipe off, MHG. swerben to be
whirled, OHG. swerban to wipe off, Icel. sverfa to file,
Goth. swa['i]rban (in comp.) to wipe, and perhaps to E.
swarm. Cf. {Swarm}.]
1. To stray; to wander; to rope. [Obs.]
A maid thitherward did run, To catch her sparrow
which from her did swerve. --Sir P.
Sidney.
2. To go out of a straight line; to deflect. ``The point [of
the sword] swerved.'' --Sir P. Sidney.
3. To wander from any line prescribed, or from a rule or
duty; to depart from what is established by law, duty,
custom, or the like; to deviate.
I swerve not from thy commandments. --Bk. of Com.
Prayer.
They swerve from the strict letter of the law.
--Clarendon.
Many who, through the contagion of evil example,
swerve exceedingly from the rules of their holy
religion. --Atterbury.
4. To bend; to incline. ``The battle swerved.'' --Milton.
5. To climb or move upward by winding or turning.
The tree was high; Yet nimbly up from bough to bough
I swerved. --Dryden.
Swerve \Swerve\, v. t.
To turn aside. --Gauden.
Sweven \Swe"ven\, n. [AS. swefen sleep, dream; akin to swebban,
swefian, to put to sleep, to kill. [root]176. See
{Somnolent}.]
A vision seen in sleep; a dream. [Obs.] --Wycliff (Acts ii.
17).
I defy both sweven and dream. --Chaucer.
Swich \Swich\, a. [See {Such}.]
Such. [Obs.]
Swich things as that I know I will declare. --Chaucer.
Swietenia \Swie*te"ni*a\, n. [NL. Named after Gerard Van
Sweiten, physician to Maria Theresa of Austria.] (Bot.)
A genus of meliaceous trees consisting of one species
({Sweitenia Mahogoni}), the mahogany tree.
Swift \Swift\, a. [Compar. {Swifter}; superl. {Swiftest}.] [AS.
swift; akin to sw[=a]pan to sweep, swipu a whip; cf.
sw[=i]fan to move quickly, to revolve. See {Swoop}, v. i.,
and cf. {Swivel}, {Squib}.]
1. Moving a great distance in a short time; moving with
celerity or velocity; fleet; rapid; quick; speedy; prompt.
My beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear,
slow to speak, slow to wrath. --James i. 19.
Swift of dispatch and easy of access. --Dryden.
And bring upon themselves swift destruction. --2
Pet. ii. 1.
2. Of short continuance; passing away quickly. --Shak.
Note: Swift is often used in the formation of compounds which
are generally self-explaining; as, swift-darting,
swift-footed, swift-winged, etc.
Syn: Quick; fleet; speedy; rapid; expeditious.
Swift \Swift\, adv.
Swiftly. [Obs. or Poetic] --Shak.
Ply swift and strong the oar. --Southey.
Swift \Swift\, n.
1. The current of a stream. [R.] --Walton.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous species of small,
long-winged, insectivorous birds of the family
{Micropodid[ae]}. In form and habits the swifts resemble
swallows, but they are destitute of complex vocal muscles
and are not singing birds, but belong to a widely
different group allied to the humming birds.
Note: The common European swift ({Cypselus, or Micropus,
apus}) nests in church steeples and under the tiles of
roofs, and is noted for its rapid flight and shrill
screams. It is called also {black martin}, {black
swift}, {hawk swallow}, {devil bird}, {swingdevil},
{screech martin}, and {shreik owl}. The common
American, or chimney, swift ({Ch[ae]tura pelagica}) has
sharp rigid tips to the tail feathers. It attaches its
nest to the inner walls of chimneys, and is called also
{chimney swallow}. The Australian swift ({Ch[ae]tura
caudacuta}) also has sharp naked tips to the tail
quills. The European Alpine swift ({Cypselus melba}) is
whitish beneath, with a white band across the breast.
The common Indian swift is {Cypselus affinis}. See also
{Palm swift}, under {Palm}, and {Tree swift}, under
{Tree}.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of lizards, as the
pine lizard.
4. (Zo["o]l.) The ghost moth. See under {Ghost}.
5. [Cf. {Swivel}.] A reel, or turning instrument, for winding
yarn, thread, etc.; -- used chiefly in the plural.
6. The main card cylinder of a flax-carding machine.
Swifter \Swift"er\, n. [Cf. {Swivel}.] (Naut.)
(a) A rope used to retain the bars of the capstan in their
sockets while men are turning it.
(b) A rope used to encircle a boat longitudinally, to
strengthen and defend her sides.
(c) The forward shroud of a lower mast.
Swifter \Swift"er\, v. t. (Naut.)
To tighten, as slack standing rigging, by bringing the
opposite shrouds nearer.
Swiftfoot \Swift"foot`\, a.
Nimble; fleet. --Mir. for Mag.
Swiftfoot \Swift"foot`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The courser.
Swiftlet \Swift"let\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of small East Indian and Asiatic
swifts of the genus {Collocalia}. Some of the species are
noted for furnishing the edible bird's nest. See Illust.
under {Edible}.
Swiftly \Swift"ly\, adv.
In a swift manner; with quick motion or velocity; fleetly.
--Wyclif.
Swiftness \Swift"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being swift; speed; quickness;
celerity; velocity; rapidity; as, the swiftness of a bird;
the swiftness of a stream; swiftness of descent in a falling
body; swiftness of thought, etc.
Swig \Swig\, v. t. [Cf. D. zwelgen to swallow, E. swallow, v.t.]
1. To drink in long draughts; to gulp; as, to swig cider.
[Colloq.]
2. To suck. [Obs. or Archaic]
The lambkins swig the teat. --Creech.
Swig \Swig\, n.
1. A long draught. [Colloq.] --Marryat.
2. (Naut.) A tackle with ropes which are not parallel.
3. A beverage consisting of warm beer flavored with spices,
lemon, etc. [Prov. Eng.]
Swig \Swig\, v. t. [Cf. Prov. E. swig to leak out, AS.
sw[=i]jian to be silent, sw[=i]can to evade, escape.]
1. To castrate, as a ram, by binding the testicles tightly
with a string, so that they mortify and slough off. [Prov.
Eng.]
2. (Naut.) To pull upon (a tackle) by throwing the weight of
the body upon the fall between the block and a cleat.
Swill \Swill\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swilled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swilling}.] [OE. swilen to wash, AS. swilian.]
1. To wash; to drench. [Obs.]
As fearfully as doth a galled rock O'erhang and
jutty his confounded base, Swilled with the wild and
wasteful ocean. --Shak.
2. [Properly, to drink like a pig. See {Swill}, n.] To drink
in great draughts; to swallow greedily.
Well-dressed people, of both sexes, . . . devouring
sliced beef, and swilling pork, and punch, and
cider. --Smollett.
3. To inebriate; to fill with drink.
I should be loth To meet the rudeness and swilled
insolence Of such late wassailers. --Milton.
Swill \Swill\, v. i.
To drink greedily or swinishly; to drink to excess. --South.
Swill \Swill\, n.
1. The wash, or mixture of liquid substances, given to swine;
hogwash; -- called also {swillings}.
2. Large draughts of liquor; drink taken in excessive
quantities.
Swiller \Swill"er\, n.
One who swills.
Swillings \Swill"ings\, n. pl.
See {Swill}, n., 1.
Swim \Swim\, v. i. [imp. {Swam}or {Swum}; p. p. {Swum}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Swimming}.] [AS. swimman; akin to D. zwemmen, OHG.
swimman, G. schwimmen, Icel. svimma, Dan. sw["o]mme, Sw.
simma. Cf. {Sound} an air bladder, a strait.]
1. To be supported by water or other fluid; not to sink; to
float; as, any substance will swim, whose specific gravity
is less than that of the fluid in which it is immersed.
2. To move progressively in water by means of strokes with
the hands and feet, or the fins or the tail.
Leap in with me into this angry flood, And swim to
yonder point. --Shak.
3. To be overflowed or drenched. --Ps. vi. 6.
Sudden the ditches swell, the meadows swim.
--Thomson.
4. Fig.: To be as if borne or floating in a fluid.
[They] now swim in joy. --Milton.
5. To be filled with swimming animals. [Obs.]
[Streams] that swim full of small fishes. --Chaucer.
Swim \Swim\, v. t.
1. To pass or move over or on by swimming; as, to swim a
stream.
Sometimes he thought to swim the stormy main.
--Dryden.
2. To cause or compel to swim; to make to float; as, to swim
a horse across a river.
3. To immerse in water that the lighter parts may float; as,
to swim wheat in order to select seed.
Swim \Swim\, n.
1. The act of swimming; a gliding motion, like that of one
swimming. --B. Jonson.
2. The sound, or air bladder, of a fish.
3. A part of a stream much frequented by fish. [Eng.]
{Swim bladder}, an air bladder of a fish.
{To be in the swim}, to be in a favored position; to be
associated with others in active affairs. [Colloq.]
Swim \Swim\, v. i. [OE. swime dizziness, vertigo, AS. sw[=i]ma;
akin to D. zwijm, Icel. svimi dizziness, svina to subside,
sv[=i]a to abate, G. schwindel dizziness, schwinden to
disappear, to dwindle, OHG. sw[=i]nan to dwindle. Cf.
{Squemish}, {Swindler}.]
To be dizzy; to have an unsteady or reeling sensation; as,
the head swims.
Swimbel \Swim"bel\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
A moaning or sighing sound or noise; a sough. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Swimmer \Swim"mer\, n.
1. One who swims.
2. (Far.) A protuberance on the leg of a horse.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A swimming bird; one of the natatores.
{Little swimmer} (Zo["o]l.), a phalarope.
Swimmeret \Swim"mer*et\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
One of a series of flat, fringed, and usually bilobed,
appendages, of which several pairs occur on the abdominal
somites of many crustaceans. They are used as fins in
swimming.
Swimming \Swim"ming\, a.
1. That swims; capable of swimming; adapted to, or used in,
swimming; as, a swimming bird; a swimming motion.
2. Suffused with moisture; as, swimming eyes.
{Swimming bell} (Zo["o]l.), a nectocalyx. See Illust. under
{Siphonophora}.
{Swimming crab} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
marine crabs, as those of the family {Protunid[ae]}, which
have some of the joints of one or more pairs of legs
flattened so as to serve as fins.
Swimming \Swim"ming\, n.
The act of one who swims.
Swimming \Swim"ming\, a. [From {Swim} to be dizzy.]
Being in a state of vertigo or dizziness; as, a swimming
brain.
Swimming \Swim"ming\, n.
Vertigo; dizziness; as, a swimming in the head. --Dryden.
Swimmingly \Swim"ming*ly\, adv.
In an easy, gliding manner, as if swimming; smoothly;
successfully; prosperously.
Swimmingness \Swim"ming*ness\, n.
Act or state of swimming; suffusion. ``A swimmingness in the
eye.'' --Congreve.
Swinck \Swinck\, v. & n.
See {Swink}. [Obs.]
Swindle \Swin"dle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swindled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Swindling}.] [See {Swindler}.]
To cheat defraud grossly, or with deliberate artifice; as, to
swindle a man out of his property.
Lammote . . . has swindled one of them out of three
hundred livres. --Carlyle.
Swindle \Swin"dle\, n.
The act or process of swindling; a cheat.
Swindler \Swin"dler\, n. [G. schwindler, fr. schwindlen to be
dizzy, to act thoughtlessly, to cheat, fr. schwindel
dizziness, fr. schwinden to vanish, to disappear, to dwindle.
See {Swim} to be dizzy.]
One who swindles, or defrauds grossly; one who makes a
practice of defrauding others by imposition or deliberate
artifice; a cheat.
Syn: Sharper; rogue.
Usage: {Swindler}, {Sharper}. These words agree in describing
persons who take unfair advantages. A swindler is one
who obtains money or goods under false pretenses. A
sharper is one who cheats by sharp practice, as in
playing at cards or staking what he can not pay.
Fraud and injustice soon follow, and the dignity
of the British merchant is sunk in the
scandalous appellation of a swindler. --V. Knox.
Perhaps you 'll think I act the same As a sly
sharper plays his game. --Cotton.
Swindlery \Swin"dler*y\, n.
Swindling; rougery. [R.] ``Swindlery and blackguardism.''
--Carlyle.
Swine \Swine\, n.sing. & pl. [OE. swin, AS. sw[=i]n; akin to
OFries. & OS. swin, D. zwijn, G. schwein, OHG. sw[=i]n, Icel.
sv[=i]n, Sw. svin, Dan. sviin, Goth. swein; originally a
diminutive corresponding to E. sow. See {Sow}, n.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any animal of the hog kind, especially one of the domestical
species. Swine secrete a large amount of subcutaneous fat,
which, when extracted, is known as lard. The male is
specifically called boar, the female, sow, and the young,
pig. See {Hog}. ``A great herd of swine.'' --Mark v. 11.
{Swine grass} (Bot.), knotgrass ({Polygonum aviculare}); --
so called because eaten by swine.
{Swine oat} (Bot.), a kind of oat sometimes grown for swine.
{Swine's cress} (Bot.), a species of cress of the genus
{Senebiera} ({S. Coronopus}).
{Swine's head}, a dolt; a blockhead. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
{Swine thistle} (Bot.), the sow thistle.
Swinebread \Swine"bread`\, n. (Bot.)
The truffle.
Swinecase \Swine"case`\, n.
A hogsty. [Prov. Eng.]
Swinecote \Swine"cote`\, n.
A hogsty. [Prov. Eng.]
Swinecrue \Swine"crue`\, n. [Swine + Prov. E. crue a coop.]
A hogsty. [Prov. Eng.]
Swinefish \Swine"fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The wolf fish.
Swineherd \Swine"herd`\, n.
A keeper of swine.
Swinepipe \Swine"pipe`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.]
Swine-pox \Swine"-pox`\, n. (Med.)
A variety of the chicken pox, with acuminated vesicles
containing a watery fluid; the water pox. --Pepys.
Swineery \Swine"er*y\, n.
Same as {Piggery}. [R.]
Swinestone \Swine"stone`\, n. (Min.)
See {Stinkstone}.
Swinesty \Swine"sty`\, n.
A sty, or pen, for swine.
Swing \Swing\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Swung}; Archaic imp.
{Swang}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Swinging}.] [OE. swingen, AS.
swingan to scourge, to fly, to flutter; akin to G. schwingen
to winnow, to swingle, oscillate, sich schwingen to leap, to
soar, OHG. swingan to throw, to scourge, to soar, Sw. svinga
to swing, to whirl, Dan. svinge. Cf. {Swagger}, {Sway},
{Swinge}, {Swink}.]
1. To move to and fro, as a body suspended in the air; to
wave; to vibrate; to oscillate.
I tried if a pendulum would swing faster, or
continue swinging longer, in case of exsuction of
the air. --Boyle.
2. To sway or move from one side or direction to another; as,
the door swung open.
3. To use a swing; as, a boy swings for exercise or pleasure.
See {Swing}, n., 3.
4. (Naut.) To turn round by action of wind or tide when at
anchor; as, a ship swings with the tide.
5. To be hanged. [Colloq.] --D. Webster.
{To swing round the circle}, to make a complete circuit.
[Colloq.]
He had swung round the circle of theories and
systems in which his age abounded, without finding
relief. --A. V. G.
Allen.
Swing \Swing\, v. t.
1. To cause to swing or vibrate; to cause to move backward
and forward, or from one side to the other.
He swings his tail, and swiftly turns his round.
--Dryden.
They get on ropes, as you must have seen the
children, and are swung by their men visitants.
--Spectator.
2. To give a circular movement to; to whirl; to brandish; as,
to swing a sword; to swing a club; hence, colloquially, to
manage; as, to swing a business.
3. (Mach.) To admit or turn (anything) for the purpose of
shaping it; -- said of a lathe; as, the lathe can swing a
pulley of 12 inches diameter.
{To swing a door}, {gate}, etc. (Carp.), to put it on hinges
so that it can swing or turn.
Swing \Swing\, n.
1. The act of swinging; a waving, oscillating, or vibratory
motion of a hanging or pivoted object; oscillation; as,
the swing of a pendulum.
2. Swaying motion from one side or direction to the other;
as, some men walk with a swing.
3. A line, cord, or other thing suspended and hanging loose,
upon which anything may swing; especially, an apparatus
for recreation by swinging, commonly consisting of a rope,
the two ends of which are attached overhead, as to the
bough of a tree, a seat being placed in the loop at the
bottom; also, any contrivance by which a similar motion is
produced for amusement or exercise.
4. Influence of power of a body put in swaying motion.
The ram that batters down the wall, For the great
swing and rudeness of his poise, They place before
his hand that made the engine. --Shak.
5. Capacity of a turning lathe, as determined by the diameter
of the largest object that can be turned in it.
6. Free course; unrestrained liberty or license; tendency.
``Take thy swing.'' --Dryden.
To prevent anything which may prove an obstacle to
the full swing of his genius. --Burke.
{Full swing}. See under {Full}.
{Swing beam} (Railway Mach.), a crosspiece sustaining the car
body, and so suspended from the framing of a truck that it
may have an independent lateral motion.
{Swing bridge}, a form of drawbridge which swings
horizontally, as on a vertical pivot.
{Swing plow}, or {Swing plough}.
(a) A plow without a fore wheel under the beam.
(b) A reversible or sidehill plow.
{Swing wheel}.
(a) The scape-wheel in a clock, which drives the pendulum.
(b) The balance of a watch.
Swingdevil \Swing"dev`il\, n. (Zo["o]l.) [So named from its
swift flight and dark color, which give it an uncanny
appearance.]
The European swift. [Prov. Eng.]
Swinge \Swinge\ (sw[i^]nj), v. & n.
See {Singe}. [Obs.] --Spenser.
Swinge \Swinge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swinged} (sw[i^]njd); p.
pr. & vb. n. {Swingeing} (sw[i^]nj"[i^]ng).] [OE. swengen,
AS. swengan to shake, causative of swingan. See {Swing}.]
1. To beat soundly; to whip; to chastise; to punish.
I had swinged him soundly. --Shak.
And swinges his own vices in his son. --C. Dryden.
2. To move as a lash; to lash. [Obs.]
Swinges the scaly horror of his folded tail.
--Milton.
Swinge \Swinge\, n.
1. The sweep of anything in motion; a swinging blow; a swing.
[Obs.] --Waller.
2. Power; sway; influence. [Obs.]
Swingebuckler \Swinge"buc`kler\, n.
A swashbuckler; a bully; a roisterer. [Obs.] --Shak.
Swingeing \Swinge"ing\, a.
Huge; very large. [Colloq.] --Arbuthnot. --Byron. --
{Swinge"ing*ly}, adv. --Dryden.
Swingel \Swin"gel\, n. [AS. swingele whip, scourge. See
{Swing}.]
The swinging part of a flail which falls on the grain in
thrashing; the swiple.
Swinger \Swing"er\, n.
One who swings or whirls.
Swinger \Swin"ger\, n.
1. One who swinges.
2. Anything very large, forcible, or astonishing. [Obs. or
Colloq.] --Herrick.
Swingle \Swin"gle\, v. i. [Freq. of swing.]
1. To dangle; to wave hanging. [Obs.] --Johnson.
2. To swing for pleasure. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Swingle \Swin"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swingled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Swingling}.] [See {Swingel}.]
1. To clean, as flax, by beating it with a swingle, so as to
separate the coarse parts and the woody substance from it;
to scutch.
2. To beat off the tops of without pulling up the roots; --
said of weeds. [Prov. Eng.] --Forby.
Swingle \Swin"gle\, n.
A wooden instrument like a large knife, about two feet long,
with one thin edge, used for beating and cleaning flax; a
scutcher; -- called also {swingling knife}, {swingling
staff}, and {swingling wand}.
Swinglebar \Swin"gle*bar`\, n.
A swingletree. --De Quincey.
Swingletail \Swin"gle*tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The thrasher, or fox shark. See {Thrasher}.
Swingletree \Swin"gle*tree`\, n. [So named in allusion to its
swinging. See {Swingle}, v. i., and cf. {Swingtree}.]
A whiffletree, or whippletree. See {Singletree}.
Swingling \Swin"gling\,
a. & n. from {Swingle}, v. t.
{Swingling tow}, the coarse part of flax, separated from the
finer by swingling and hatcheling.
Swingtree \Swing"tree`\, n.
The bar of a carriage to which the traces are fastened; the
whiffletree.
Swinish \Swin"ish\, a.
Of or pertaining to swine; befitting swine; like swine;
hoggish; gross; beasty; as, a swinish drunkard or sot.
``Swinish gluttony.'' --Milton. -- {Swin"ish*ly}, adv. --
{Swin"ish*ness}, n.
Swink \Swink\, v. i. [imp. {Swank}, {Swonk}; p. p. {Swonken}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Swinking}.] [AS. swincan, akin to swingan. See
{Swing}.]
To labor; to toil; to salve. [Obs. or Archaic]
Or swink with his hands and labor. --Chaucer.
For which men swink and sweat incessantly. --Spenser.
The swinking crowd at every stroke pant ``Ho.'' --Sir
Samuel
Freguson.
Swink \Swink\, v. t.
1. To cause to toil or drudge; to tire or exhaust with labor.
[Obs.]
And the swinked hedger at his supper sat. --Milton.
2. To acquire by labor. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
To devour all that others swink. --Chaucer.
Swink \Swink\, n. [As. swinc, geswinc.]
Labor; toil; drudgery. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Spenser.
Swinker \Swink"er\, n.
A laborer. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Swinney \Swin"ney\, n. (Far.)
See {Sweeny}.
Swipe \Swipe\, n. [Cf. {Sweep}, {Swiple}.]
1. A swape or sweep. See {Sweep}.
2. A strong blow given with a sweeping motion, as with a bat
or club.
Swipes [in cricket] over the blower's head, and over
either of the long fields. --R. A.
Proctor.
3. pl. Poor, weak beer; small beer. [Slang, Eng.] [Written
also {swypes}.] --Craig.
Swipe \Swipe\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swiped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swiping}.]
1. To give a swipe to; to strike forcibly with a sweeping
motion, as a ball.
Loose balls may be swiped almost ad libitum. --R. A.
Proctor.
2. To pluck; to snatch; to steal. [Slang, U.S.]
Swiple \Swi"ple\, n. [See {Swipe}.]
That part of a flail which strikes the grain in thrashing; a
swingel. [Written also {swipel}, and {swipple}.]
Swipper \Swip"per\, a. [From AS. swipian to whip, shake, whirl;
akin to sw[=a]pan to sweep. See {Swoop}.]
Nimble; quick. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Slang]
Swirl \Swirl\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Swirled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Swirling}.] [Akin to Norw. svirla to whirl, freq. of
sverra to whirl, Dan. svirre, G. schwirren to whiz, to buzz.
[root]177. See {Swarm}, n.]
To whirl, or cause to whirl, as in an eddy. ``The river
swirled along.'' --C. Kingsley.
Swirl \Swirl\, n.
A whirling motion; an eddy, as of water; a whirl. ``The
silent swirl of bats.'' --Mrs. Browning.
Swish \Swish\, v. t. [From the sound. Cf. {Swash}.]
1. To flourish, so as to make the sound swish. --Coleridge.
2. To flog; to lash. [Slang] --Thackeray.
Swish \Swish\, v. i.
To dash; to swash.
Swish \Swish\, n.
1. A sound of quick movement, as of something whirled through
the air. [Colloq.]
2. (Naut.) Light driven spray. [Eng.]
Swiss \Swiss\, n.sing. & pl. [F. Suisse, of German origin. Cf.
{Switzer}.]
A native or inhabitant of Switzerland; a Switzer; the people
of Switzerland.
Swiss \Swiss\, a.
Of or pertaining to Switzerland, or the people of
Switzerland.
Switch \Switch\, n. [Cf. OD. swick a scourage, a whip. Cf.
{Swink}, {Swing}.]
1. A small, flexible twig or rod.
Mauritania, on the fifth medal, leads a horse with
something like a thread; in her other hand she holds
a switch. --Addison.
2. (Railways) A movable part of a rail; or of opposite rails,
for transferring cars from one track to another.
3. A separate mass or trees of hair, or of some substance (at
jute) made to resemble hair, worn on the head by women.
4. (Elec.) A mechanical device for shifting an electric
current to another circuit.
{Safety switch} (Railways), a form of switch contrived to
prevent or lessen the danger of derailment of trains.
{Switch back} (Railways), an arrangement of tracks whereby
elevations otherwise insurmountable are passed. The track
ascends by a series of zigzags, the engine running
alternately forward and back, until the summit is reached.
{Switch board} (Elec.), a collection of switches in one piece
of apparatus, so arranged that a number of circuits may be
connected or combined in any desired manner.
{Switch grass}. (Bot.) See under {Grass}.
Switch \Switch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Switched}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Switching}.]
1. To strike with a switch or small flexible rod; to whip.
--Chapman.
2. To swing or whisk; as, to switch a cane.
3. To trim, as, a hedge. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
4. To turn from one railway track to another; to transfer by
a switch; -- generally with off, from, etc.; as, to switch
off a train; to switch a car from one track to another.
5. (Eccl.) To shift to another circuit.
Switch \Switch\, v. i.
To walk with a jerk. [Prov. Eng.]
Switchel \Switch"el\, n. [See {Sweet}.]
A beverage of molasses and water, seasoned with vinegar and
ginger. [U. S.]
Switching \Switch"ing\,
a. & n. from {Switch}, v.
{Switching engine}, a locomotive for switching cars from one
track to another, and making up trains; -- called also
{switch engine}. [U.S.]
Switchman \Switch"man\, n.; pl. {Switchmen}.
One who tends a switch on a railway.
Switchy \Switch"y\, a.
Whisking. [Colloq.] --Coombe.
Swithe \Swithe\, adv. [AS. sw[=i]?e strongly, violently.]
Instantly; quickly; speedily; rapidly. [Obs.]
That thou doest, do thou swithe. --Wyclif (John
xiii. 27).
Switzer \Switz"er\, n. [Cf. G. schweizer. Cf. {Swiss}.]
A native or inhabitant of Switzerland; a Swiss.
Swive \Swive\, v. t. [OE. swiven, fr. AS. sw[=i]fan. See
{Swivel}.]
To copulate with (a woman). [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Swivel \Swiv"el\, n. [AS. sw[=i]fan to move quickly, to remove;
akin to Icel. sveifla to whirl, shake, sv[=i]fa to ramble, to
turn. See {Swoop}, and cf. {Swift} a reel, {Swift}, a.]
1. (Mech.) A piece, as a ring or hook, attached to another
piece by a pin, in such a manner as to permit rotation
about the pin as an axis.
2. (Mil.) A small piece of ordnance, turning on a point or
swivel; -- called also {swivel gun}. --Wilhelm.
{Swivel bridge}, a kind of drawbridge that turns round on a
vertical axis; a swing bridge.
{Swivel hook}, a hook connected with the iron strap of a
pulley block by a swivel joint, for readily taking the
turns out of a tackle.
{Swivel joint}, a joint, the two pieces composing which turn
round, with respect to each other, on a longitudinal pin
or axis, as in a chain, to prevent twisting.
Swivel \Swiv"el\, v. i.
To swing or turn, as on a pin or pivot.
Swivel-eyed \Swiv"el-eyed`\, a.
Squint-eyed. [Prov. Eng.]
Swizzle \Swiz"zle\, v. t.
To drink; to swill. --Halliwell.
Swizzle \Swiz"zle\, n.
Ale and beer mixed; also, drink generally. [Prov. Eng.]
Swob \Swob\, n. & v.
See {Swab}.
Swobber \Swob"ber\, n.
1. See {Swabber}.
2. pl. Four privileged cards, formerly used in betting at the
game of whist. [Written also {swabber}.] --Swift.
Swollen \Swoll"en\,
p. p. of {Swell}.
Swollen \Swoll"en\, a.
Enlarged by swelling; immoderately increased; as, swollen
eyes; swollen streams.
Swoln \Swoln\
Contraction of {Swollen}, p. p. --Milton.
Swom \Swom\, obs.
imp. of {Swim}. --Shak.
Swoon \Swoon\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Swooned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swooning}.] [OE. swounen, swoghenen, for swo?nien, fr.
swo?en to sigh deeply, to droop, AS. sw[=o]gan to sough,
sigh; cf. gesw[=o]gen senseless, swooned, gesw[=o]wung a
swooning. Cf. {Sough}.]
To sink into a fainting fit, in which there is an apparent
suspension of the vital functions and mental powers; to
faint; -- often with away.
The sucklings swoon in the streets of the city. --Lam.
ii. 11.
The most in years . . . swooned first away for pain.
--Dryden.
He seemed ready to swoon away in the surprise of joy.
--Tatler.
Swoon \Swoon\, n.
A fainting fit; syncope.
Swooning \Swoon"ing\,
a. & n. from {Swoon}, v. -- {Swoon"ing*ly}, adv.
Swoop \Swoop\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Swooped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Swooping}.] [OE. swopen, usually, to sweep, As. sw[=a]pan to
sweep, to rush; akin to G. schweifen to rove, to ramble, to
curve, OHG. sweifan to whirl, Icel. sveipa to sweep; also to
AS. sw[=i]fan to move quickly. Cf. {Sweep}, {Swift}, a. & n.,
{Swipe}, {Swivel}.]
1. To fall on at once and seize; to catch while on the wing;
as, a hawk swoops a chicken.
2. To seize; to catch up; to take with a sweep.
And now at last you came to swoop it all. --Dryden.
The grazing ox which swoops it [the medicinal herb]
in with the common grass. --Glanvill.
Swoop \Swoop\, v. i.
1. To descend with closed wings from a height upon prey, as a
hawk; to swoop.
2. To pass with pomp; to sweep. [Obs.] --Drayton.
Swoop \Swoop\, n.
A falling on and seizing, as the prey of a rapacious bird;
the act of swooping.
The eagle fell, . . . and carried away a whole litter
of cubs at a swoop. --L'Estrange.
Swoopstake \Swoop"stake`\, n.
See {Sweepstake}. [Obs.]
Swoopstake \Swoop"stake`\, adv.
Altogether; indiscriminately. [R.] --Shak.
Swop \Swop\, v. & n.
Same as {Swap}. --Dryden.
Sword \Sword\, n. [OE. swerd, AS. sweord; akin to OFries. swerd,
swird, D. zwaard, OS. swerd, OHG. swert, G. schwert, Icel.
sver?, Sw. sv["a]rd, Dan. sv[ae]rd; of uncertain origin.]
1. An offensive weapon, having a long and usually
sharp?pointed blade with a cutting edge or edges. It is
the general term, including the small sword, rapier,
saber, scimiter, and many other varieties.
2. Hence, the emblem of judicial vengeance or punishment, or
of authority and power.
He [the ruler] beareth not the sword in vain. --Rom.
xiii. 4.
She quits the balance, and resigns the sword.
--Dryden.
3. Destruction by the sword, or in battle; war; dissension.
I came not to send peace, but a sword. --Matt. x.
34.
4. The military power of a country.
He hath no more authority over the sword than over
the law. --Milton.
5. (Weaving) One of the end bars by which the lay of a hand
loom is suspended.
{Sword arm}, the right arm.
{Sword bayonet}, a bayonet shaped somewhat like a sword, and
which can be used as a sword.
{Sword bearer}, one who carries his master's sword; an
officer in London who carries a sword before the lord
mayor when he goes abroad.
{Sword belt}, a belt by which a sword is suspended, and borne
at the side.
{Sword blade}, the blade, or cutting part, of a sword.
{Sword cane}, a cane which conceals the blade of a sword or
dagger, as in a sheath.
{Sword dance}.
(a) A dance in which swords are brandished and clashed
together by the male dancers. --Sir W. Scott.
(b) A dance performed over swords laid on the ground, but
without touching them.
{Sword fight}, fencing; a combat or trial of skill with
swords; swordplay.
{Sword grass}. (Bot.) See {Gladen}.
{Sword knot}, a ribbon tied to the hilt of a sword.
{Sword law}, government by the sword, or by force; violence.
--Milton.
{Sword lily}. (Bot.) See {Gladiolus}.
{Sword mat} (Naut.), a mat closely woven of yarns; -- so
called from a wooden implement used in its manufacture.
{Sword shrimp} (Zo["o]l.), a European shrimp ({Pasiph[ae]a
sivado}) having a very thin, compressed body.
{Sword stick}, a sword cane.
{To measure swords with one}. See under {Measure}, v. t.
{To put to the sword}. See under {Put}.
Swordbill \Sword"bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A humming bird ({Docimastes ensiferus}) having a very long,
slender bill, exceeding the length of the body of the bird.
Sworded \Sword"ed\, a. [Cf. AS. geswurdod.]
Girded with a sword. --Milton.
Sworder \Sword"er\, n.
One who uses, or fights with, a sword; a swordsman; a
soldier; a cutthroat. [Obs.] --Shak.
Swordfish \Sword"fish`\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A very large oceanic fish ({Xiphias gladius}), the
only representative of the family {Xiphiid[ae]}. It is
highly valued as a food fish. The bones of the upper
jaw are consolidated, and form a long, rigid,
swordlike beak; the dorsal fin is high and without
distinct spines; the ventral fins are absent. The
adult is destitute of teeth. It becomes sixteen feet
or more long.
(b) The gar pike.
(c) The cutlass fish.
2. (Astron.) A southern constellation. See {Dorado}, 1.
{Swordfish sucker} (Zo["o]l.), a remora ({Remora
brachyptera}) which attaches itself to the swordfish.
Swordick \Sword"ick\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The spotted gunnel ({Mur[ae]noides gunnellus}). [Prov. Eng.]
Swording \Sword"ing\, n.
Slashing with a sword. --Tennyson.
Swordless \Sword"less\, a.
Destitute of a sword.
Swordman \Sword"man\, n.; pl. {Swordmen}.
A swordsman. ``Sinewy swordmen.'' --Shak.
Swordplay \Sword"play`\, n.
Fencing; a sword fight.
Swordplayer \Sword"play`er\, n.
A fencer; a gladiator; one who exhibits his skill in the use
of the sword.
Sword-shaped \Sword"-shaped`\, a. (Bot.)
Shaped like a sword; ensiform, as the long, flat leaves of
the Iris, cattail, and the like.
Swordsman \Swords"man\, n.; pl. {Swordsmen}.
1. A soldier; a fighting man.
2. One skilled of a use of the sword; a professor of the
science of fencing; a fencer.
Swordsmanship \Swords"man*ship\, n.
The state of being a swordsman; skill in the use of the
sword. --Cowper.
Swordtail \Sword"tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The limulus.
(b) Any hemipterous insect of the genus {Uroxiphus}, found
upon forest trees.
Swore \Swore\,
imp. of {Swear}.
Sworn \Sworn\,
p. p. of {Swear}.
{Sworn brothers}, originally, companions in arms who took an
oath to share together good and bad fortune; hence,
faithful friends.
{Sworn enemies}, determined or irreconcilable enemies.
{Sworn friends}, close friends.
Swough \Swough\, n. [See {Swoon}.]
1. A sound; a groan; a moan; a sough. [Obs.]
He sigheth with full many a sorry swough. --Chaucer.
2. A swoon. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Swound \Swound\, v. & n.
See {Swoon}, v. & n. [Prov. Eng. or Archaic] --Shak. Dryden.
The landlord stirred As one awaking from a swound.
--Longfellow.
'Swounds \'Swounds\, interj. [Cf. {Zounds}.]
An exclamation contracted from God's wounds; -- used as an
oath. [Obs. or Archaic] --Shak.
Swown \Swown\, v. & n.
Swoon. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Swum \Swum\,
imp. & p. p. of {Swim}.
Swung \Swung\,
imp. & p. p. of {Swing}.
Swythe \Swythe\, adv.
Quickly. See {Swithe}. [Obs.]
Sy \Sy\, obs. imp. of {See}.
Saw. --Chaucer.
Syb \Syb\, a.
See {Sib}. [Obs. or Scot.]
Sybarite \Syb"a*rite\, n. [L. Sybarita, Gr. ?, fr. ?, a city in
Italy, noted for the effeminacy and voluptuousness of its
inhabitants; cf. F. Sybarite.]
A person devoted to luxury and pleasure; a voluptuary.
Sybaritic \Syb`a*rit"ic\, Sybaritical \Syb`a*rit"ic*al\, a. [L.
Sybariticus, Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to the Sybarites; resembling the Sybarites;
luxurious; wanton; effeminate. ``Sybaritic dinners.'' --Bp.
Warburton. ``Sybaritical cloistres.'' --Bp. Hall.
Sybaritism \Syb"a*rit*ism\, n.
Luxuriousness; effeminacy; wantonness; voluptuousness.
Sycamine \Syc"a*mine\, n. [L. sycaminus, Gr. ?; perhaps of
Semitic origin.]
See {Sycamore}.
Sycamore \Syc"a*more\, n. [L. sycomorus, Gr. ? the fig mulberry;
? a fig + ? the black mulberry; or perhaps of Semitic origin:
cf. F. sycomore. Cf. {Mulberry}.] (Bot.)
(a) A large tree ({Ficus Sycomorus}) allied to the common
fig. It is found in Egypt and Syria, and is the sycamore,
or sycamine, of Scripture.
(b) The American plane tree, or buttonwood.
(c) A large European species of maple ({Acer
Pseudo-Platanus}). [Written sometimes {sycomore}.]
Syce \Syce\, n. [Ar. s[=a]["i]s.]
A groom. [India]
Sycee \Sy*cee"\, n. [Said to be from a Chinese word, se-tze or
se-sze, meaning, fine silk, and to be so called because if
pure it may be drawn out into fine threads.]
Silver, pounded into ingots of the shape of a shoe, and used
as currency. The most common weight is about one pound troy.
[China] --McElrath.
Sychnocarpous \Sych`no*car"pous\, a. [Gr. ? much or frequent + ?
fruit.] (Bot.)
Having the capacity of bearing several successive crops of
fruit without perishing; as, sychnocarpous plants.
Sycite \Sy"cite\, n. [Gr. ? figlike, fr. ? a fig.] (Min.)
A nodule of flint, or a pebble, which resembles a fig. [Obs.]
Sycoceric \Syc`o*cer"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
oxidation of sycoceryl alcohol.
Sycoceryl \Syc`o*ce"ryl\, n. [Gr. ? a fig + ? wax + -yl.]
(Chem.)
A radical, of the aromatic series, regarded as an essential
ingredient of certain compounds found in the waxy resin of an
Australian species of fig.
Sycock \Sy"cock\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]
Sycones \Sy*co"nes\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a fig.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of calcareous sponges.
Note: They usually resemble a fig, being vase-shaped with a
fringed opening at the summit. The feeding cells are in
ampull[ae] connected with radial tubes in the thickened
walls of the body.
Syconium \Sy*co"ni*um\, Syconus \Sy*co"nus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
the fig.] (Bot.)
A collective fleshy fruit, in which the ovaries are hidden
within a hollow receptacle, as in the fig.
Sycophancy \Syc"o*phan*cy\, n. [Cf. L. sycophantia deceit, Gr. ?
false accusation.]
The character or characteristic of a sycophant. Hence:
(a) False accusation; calumniation; talebearing. [Obs.] --Bp.
Hall.
(b) Obsequious flattery; servility.
The sycophancy of A.Philips had prejudiced Mr.
Addison against Pope. --Bp.
Warburton.
Sycophant \Syc"o*phant\, n. [L. sycophanta a slanderer,
deceiver, parasite, Gr. ? a false accuser, false adviser,
literally, a fig shower; ? a fig + ? to show: cf. F.
sycophante. The reason for the name is not certainly known.
See {Phenomenon}.]
1. An informer; a talebearer. [Obs.] ``Accusing sycophants,
of all men, did best sort to his nature.'' --Sir P.
Sidney.
2. A base parasite; a mean or servile flatterer; especially,
a flatterer of princes and great men.
A sycophant will everything admire: Each verse, each
sentence, sets his soul on fire. --Dryden.
Sycophant \Syc"o*phant\, v. t. [CF. L. sycophantari to deceive,
to trick, Gr. ?.]
1. To inform against; hence, to calumniate. [Obs.]
Sycophanting and misnaming the work of his
adversary. --Milton.
2. To play the sycophant toward; to flatter obsequiously.
Sycophant \Syc"o*phant\, v. i.
To play the sycophant.
Sycophantcy \Syc"o*phant*cy\, n.
Sycophancy. [Obs.]
Sycophantic \Syc`o*phan"tic\, Sycophantical \Syc`o*phan"tic*al\,
a. [Cf. Gr. ? slanderous.]
Of or pertaining to a sycophant; characteristic of a
sycophant; meanly or obsequiously flattering; courting favor
by mean adulation; parasitic.
To be cheated and ruined by a sycophantical parasite.
--South.
Sycophantic servants to the King of Spain. --De
Quincey.
Sycophantish \Syc"o*phant`ish\, a.
Like a sycophant; obsequiously flattering. --
{Syc"o*phant`ish*ly}, adv.
Sycophantish satirists that forever humor the
prevailing folly. --De Quincey.
Sycophantism \Syc"o*phant*ism\, n.
Sycophancy.
Sycophantize \Syc"o*phant*ize\, v. i.
To play the sycophant.
Sycophantry \Syc"o*phant*ry\, n.
Sycophancy. [Obs.]
Sycosis \Sy*co"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? a fig.] (Med.)
A pustular eruption upon the scalp, or the beared part of the
face, whether due to ringworm, acne, or impetigo.
Syderolite \Syd"er*o*lite\, n.
A kind of Bohemian earthenware resembling the Wedgwood ware.
Sye \Sye\, obs. imp. of {See}.
Saw. --Chaucer.
Syenite \Sy"e*nite\, n. [L. Syenites (sc. lapis), from Syene,
Gr. ?.] (Min.)
(a) Orig., a rock composed of quartz, hornblende, and
feldspar, anciently quarried at Syene, in Upper Egypt,
and now called {granite}.
(b) A granular, crystalline, ingeous rock composed of
orthoclase and hornblende, the latter often replaced or
accompanied by pyroxene or mica. Syenite sometimes
contains nephelite (el[ae]olite) or leucite, and is then
called {nephelite (el[ae]olite) syenite} or {leucite
syenite}.
Syenitic \Sy`e*nit"ic\, a. [Written also sienitic.]
1. Relating to Syene; as, Syenitic inscriptions.
2. Relating to, or like, syenite; as, syenitic granite.
Syke \Syke\, n. & v.
See {Sike}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Syker \Syk"er\, a. & adv.
See {Sicker}. [Obs.]
Syle \Syle\, n. [See {Sile} a young herring.] (Zo["o]l.)
A young herring ({Clupea harengus}). [Also written {sile}.]
But our folk call them syle, and nought but syle, And
when they're grown, why then we call them herring. --J.
Ingelow.
Syllabarium \Syl`la*ba"ri*um\, n.; pl. {Syllabaria}. [NL.]
A syllabary.
Syllabary \Syl"la*ba*ry\, n.
A table of syllables; more especially, a table of the
indivisible syllabic symbols used in certain languages, as
the Japanese and Cherokee, instead of letters. --S. W.
Williams.
Syllabe \Syl"labe\, n. [F.]
Syllable. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Syllabic \Syl*lab"ic\, Syllabical \Syl*lab"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?:
cf. F. syllabique.]
1. Of or pertaining to a syllable or syllables; as, syllabic
accent.
2. Consisting of a syllable or syllables; as, a syllabic
augment. ``The syllabic stage of writing.'' --Earle.
Syllabically \Syl*lab"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a syllabic manner.
Syllabicate \Syl*lab"i*cate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Syllabicated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Syllabicating}.]
To form or divide into syllables; to syllabify.
Syllabication \Syl*lab`i*ca"tion\, n.
The act of forming syllables; the act or method of dividing
words into syllables. See Guide to Pron., [sect]275.
Syllabification \Syl*lab`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [See {Syllabify}.]
Same as {Syllabication}. --Rush.
Syllabification depends not on mere force, but on
discontinuity of force. --H. Sweet.
Syllabify \Syl*lab"i*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Syllabified}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Syllabifying}.] [L. syllaba syllable + -fy.]
To form or divide into syllables.
Syllabism \Syl"la*bism\, n.
The expressing of the sounds of a language by syllables,
rather than by an alphabet or by signs for words. --I. Taylor
(The Alphabet).
Syllabist \Syl"la*bist\, n.
One who forms or divides words into syllables, or is skilled
in doing this.
Syllabize \Syl"la*bize\, v. t.
To syllabify. --Howell.
Syllable \Syl"la*ble\, n. [OE. sillable, OF. sillabe, F.
syllabe, L. syllaba, Gr. ? that which is held together,
several letters taken together so as to form one sound, a
syllable, fr. ? to take together; ? with + ? to take; cf.
Skr. labh, rabh. Cf. {Lemma}, {Dilemma}.]
1. An elementary sound, or a combination of elementary
sounds, uttered together, or with a single effort or
impulse of the voice, and constituting a word or a part of
a word. In other terms, it is a vowel or a diphtong,
either by itself or flanked by one or more consonants, the
whole produced by a single impulse or utterance. One of
the liquids, l, m, n, may fill the place of a vowel in a
syllable. Adjoining syllables in a word or phrase need not
to be marked off by a pause, but only by such an abatement
and renewal, or re["e]nforcement, of the stress as to give
the feeling of separate impulses. See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect]275.
2. In writing and printing, a part of a word, separated from
the rest, and capable of being pronounced by a single
impulse of the voice. It may or may not correspond to a
syllable in the spoken language.
Withouten vice [i. e. mistake] of syllable or
letter. --Chaucer.
3. A small part of a sentence or discourse; anything concise
or short; a particle.
Before any syllable of the law of God was written.
--Hooker.
Who dare speak One syllable against him? --Shak.
Syllable \Syl"la*ble\, v. t.
To pronounce the syllables of; to utter; to articulate.
--Milton.
Syllabub \Syl"la*bub\, n.
Same as {Syllabub}.
Syllabus \Syl"la*bus\, n.; pl. E. {Syllabuses}, L. {Syllabi}.
[L., fr. the same source as E. syllable.]
A compendium containing the heads of a discourse, and the
like; an abstract.
Syllepsis \Syl*lep"sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. sy`llhpsis a taking
together, from ?. See {syllable}, n.]
1. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which a word is used in a
literal and metaphorical sense at the same time.
2. (Gram.) The agreement of a verb or adjective with one,
rather than another, of two nouns, with either of which it
might agree in gender, number, etc.; as, rex et regina
beati.
Sylleptic \Syl*lep"tic\, Sylleptical \Syl*lep"tic*al\, a. [Gr. ?
collective.]
Of or pertaining to a syllepsis; containing syllepsis. --
{Syl*lep"tic*al*ly}, adv.
Syllidian \Syl*lid"i*an\, n. [From NL. Syllis, the typical
genus.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of marine annelids of the family
{Syllid[ae]}.
Note: Many of the species are phosphorescent; others are
remarkable for undergoing strobilation or fission and
for their polymorphism. The egg, in such species,
develops into an asexual individual. When mature, a
number of its posterior segments gradually develop into
one or more sexual individuals which finally break away
and swim free in the sea. The males, females, and
neuters usually differ greatly in form and structure.
Syllogism \Syl"lo*gism\, n. [OE. silogisme, OF. silogime,
sillogisme, F. syllogisme, L. syllogismus, Gr. syllogismo`s a
reckoning all together, a reasoning, syllogism, fr.
syllogi`zesqai to reckon all together, to bring at once
before the mind, to infer, conclude; sy`n with, together +
logi`zesqai to reckon, to conclude by reasoning. See {Syn-},
and {Logistic}, {Logic}.] (Logic)
The regular logical form of every argument, consisting of
three propositions, of which the first two are called the
premises, and the last, the conclusion. The conclusion
necessarily follows from the premises; so that, if these are
true, the conclusion must be true, and the argument amounts
to demonstration;
Note: as in the following example: Every virtue is laudable;
Kindness is a virtue; Therefore kindness is laudable.
These propositions are denominated respectively the
major premise, the minor premise, and the conclusion.
Note: If the premises are not true and the syllogism is
regular, the reasoning is valid, and the conclusion,
whether true or false, is correctly derived.
Syllogistic \Syl`lo*gis"tic\, Syllogistical \Syl`lo*gis"tic*al\,
a. [L. syllogisticus, Gr. ?: cf. F. syllogistique.]
Of or pertaining to a syllogism; consisting of a syllogism,
or of the form of reasoning by syllogisms; as, syllogistic
arguments or reasoning.
Syllogistically \Syl`lo*gis"tic*al*ly\, adv.
In a syllogistic manner.
Syllogization \Syl`lo*gi*za"tion\, n.
A reasoning by syllogisms. [Obs. or R.] --Harris.
Syllogize \Syl"lo*gize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Syllogized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Syllogizing}.] [Gr. ?: cf. F. syllogiser.]
To reason by means of syllogisms.
Men have endeavored . . . to teach boys to syllogize,
or frame arguments and refute them, without any real
inward knowledge of the question. --I. Watts.
Syllogizer \Syl"lo*gi`zer\, n.
One who syllogizes.
Sylph \Sylph\, n. [F. sylphe, m., fr. Gr. ? a kind of grub,
beetle, or moth; -- so called by Paracelsus.]
1. An imaginary being inhabiting the air; a fairy.
2. Fig.: A slender, graceful woman.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of very brilliant
South American humming birds, having a very long and
deeply-forked tail; as, the blue-tailed sylph ({Cynanthus
cyanurus}).
Sylphid \Sylph"id\, n. [F. sylphide, fem. See {Sylph}.]
A little sylph; a young or diminutive sylph. ``The place of
the sylphid queen.'' --J. R. Drake.
Ye sylphs and sylphids, to your chief give ear, Fays,
fairies, genii, elves, and demons, hear. --Pope.
Sylphine \Sylph"ine\, a.
Like a sylph.
Sylphish \Sylph"ish\, a.
Sylphlike. --Carlyle.
Sylphlike \Sylph"like`\, a.
Like a sylph; airy; graceful.
Sometimes a dance . . . Displayed some sylphlike
figures in its maze. --Byron.
Sylva \Syl"va\, n.; pl. {Sylv[ae]}. [L. sylva, better silva, a
wood. See {Silva}.] (Bot.)
Same as {Silva}.
Sylvan \Syl"van\, a. [See {Silvan}, a.]
1. Of or pertaining to a sylva; forestlike; hence, rural;
rustic.
The traditional memory of a rural and a sylvan
region . . . is usually exact as well as tenacious.
--De Quincey.
2. Abounding in forests or in trees; woody.
Sylvan \Syl"van\, n. [L. Sylvanus, better Silvanus. See
{Silvan}, a.]
A fabled deity of the wood; a satyr; a faun; sometimes, a
rustic.
Her private orchards, walled on every side, To lawless
sylvans all access denied. --Pope.
Sylvan \Syl"van\, n. [Sylva + furfuran.] (Chem.)
A liquid hydrocarbon obtained together with furfuran (tetrol)
by the distillation of pine wood; -- called also {methyl
tetrol}, or {methyl furfuran}.
Sylvanite \Syl"van*ite\, n. [So called from Transylvania, where
it was first found.] (Min.)
A mineral, a telluride of gold and silver, of a steel-gray,
silver-white, or brass-yellow color. It often occurs in
implanted crystals resembling written characters, and hence
is called {graphic tellurium}. [Written also {silvanite}.]
Sylvanium \Syl*va"ni*um\, n. [NL., so called from Transylvania,
where it was first found.] (Chem.)
An old name for tellurium. [Written also {silvanium}.]
Sylvate \Syl"vate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of sylvic acid.
Sylvatic \Syl*vat"ic\, a. [L. sylvaticus, better silvaticus. See
{Silvan}, a.]
Sylvan. [R.]
Sylvestrian \Syl*ves"tri*an\, a. [L. sylvestris, better
silvestris.]
Sylvan. [R.]
Sylvic \Syl"vic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, pine or its products;
specifically, designating an acid called also abeitic acid,
which is the chief ingredient of common resin (obtained from
{Pinus sylvestris}, and other species).
Sylvicoline \Syl*vic"o*line\, a. [L. sylva, silva, forest +
colere to inhabit.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the family of warblers
({Sylvicolid[ae]}). See {Warbler}.
Sylviculture \Syl"vi*cul`ture\, n. [L. sylva, silva, forest + E.
culture.]
The cultivation of forest trees for timber or other purposes;
forestry; arboriculture.
Sylviculturist \Syl`vi*cul"tur*ist\, n.
One who cultivates forest trees, especially as a business.
Sylvine \Syl"vine\, Sylvite \Syl"vite\, n. [So called from NL.
sal digestivus sylvii potassium chloride.] (Min.)
Native potassium chloride.
Sym- \Sym-\
See {Syn-}.
Symar \Sy*mar"\, Symarr \Sy"marr\, n.
See {Simar}.
Symbal \Sym"bal\, n.
See {Cimbal}. [Obs.]
Symbol \Sym"bol\, n. [L. symbolus, symbolum, Gr. sy`mbolon a
sign by which one knows or infers a thing, from ? to throw or
put together, to compare; sy`n with + ? to throw: cf. F.
symbole. Cf. {Emblem}, {Parable}.]
1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything
which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by
resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation;
a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage;
the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience.
A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it
represents, e. g., an actual part chosen to
represent the whole, or a lower form or species used
as the representative of a higher in the same kind.
--Coleridge.
2. (Math.) Any character used to represent a quantity, an
operation, a relation, or an abbreviation.
Note: In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the
numerical expression which defines its position
relatively to the assumed axes.
3. (Theol.) An abstract or compendium of faith or doctrine; a
creed, or a summary of the articles of religion.
4. [Gr. ? contributions.] That which is thrown into a common
fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed duty. [Obs.]
They do their work in the days of peace . . . and
come to pay their symbol in a war or in a plague.
--Jer. Taylor.
5. Share; allotment. [Obs.]
The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all
appear to receive their symbol. --Jer. Taylor.
6. (Chem.) An abbreviation standing for the name of an
element and consisting of the initial letter of the Latin
or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter with
a following one; as, {C} for carbon, {Na} for sodium
(Natrium), {Fe} for iron (Ferrum), {Sn} for tin (Stannum),
{Sb} for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names
and symbols under {Element}.
Note: In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not
only for the elements, but also for their grouping in
formulas, radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their
composition, reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram
of {Benzene nucleus}, under {Benzene}.
Syn: Emblem; figure; type. See {Emblem}.
Symbol \Sym"bol\, v. t.
To symbolize. [R.] --Tennyson.
Symbolic \Sym*bol"ic\, n. [Cf. F. symbolique. See {Symbolic},
a.] (Theol.)
See {Symbolics}.
Symbolic \Sym*bol"ic\, Symbolical \Sym*bol"ic*al\, a. [L.
symbolicus, Gr. symboliko`s: cf. F. symbolique.]
Of or pertaining to a symbol or symbols; of the nature of a
symbol; exhibiting or expressing by resemblance or signs;
representative; as, the figure of an eye is symbolic of sight
and knowledge. -- {Sym*bol"ic*al*ly}, adv. --
{Sym*bol"ic*al*ness}, n.
The sacrament is a representation of Christ's death by
such symbolical actions as he himself appointed. --Jer.
Taylor.
{Symbolical delivery} (Law), the delivery of property sold by
delivering something else as a symbol, token, or
representative of it. --Bouvier. Chitty.
{Symbolical philosophy}, the philosophy expressed by
hieroglyphics.
Symbolics \Sym*bol"ics\, n.
The study of ancient symbols; esp. (Theol.), that branch of
historic theology which treats of creeds and confessions of
faith; symbolism; -- called also {symbolic}.
Symbolism \Sym"bol*ism\, n.
1. The act of symbolizing, or the state of being symbolized;
as, symbolism in Christian art is the representation of
truth, virtues, vices, etc., by emblematic colors, signs,
and forms.
2. A system of symbols or representations.
3. (Chem.)
(a) The practice of using symbols, or the system of
notation developed thereby.
(b) A combining together of parts or ingredients. [Obs.]
4. (Theol.) The science of creeds; symbolics.
Symbolist \Sym"bol*ist\, n.
One who employs symbols.
Symbolistic \Sym`bol*is"tic\, Symbolistical \Sym`bol*is"tic*al\,
a.
Characterized by the use of symbols; as, symbolistic poetry.
Symbolization \Sym`bol*i*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. symbolisation.]
The act of symbolizing; symbolical representation. --Sir T.
Browne.
Symbolize \Sym"bol*ize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Symbolized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Symbolizing}.] [Cf. F. symboliser.]
1. To have a resemblance of qualities or properties; to
correspond; to harmonize.
The pleasing of color symbolizeth with the pleasing
of any single tone to the ear; but the pleasing of
order doth symbolize with harmony. --Bacon.
They both symbolize in this, that they love to look
upon themselves through multiplying glasses.
--Howell.
2. To hold the same faith; to agree. [R.]
The believers in pretended miracles have always
previously symbolized with the performers of them.
--G. S. Faber.
3. To use symbols; to represent ideas symbolically.
Symbolize \Sym"bol*ize\, v. t.
1. To make to agree in properties or qualities.
2. To make representative of something; to regard or treat as
symbolic. ``Some symbolize the same from the mystery of
its colors.'' --Sir T. Browne.
3. To represent by a symbol or symbols.
Symbolizer \Sym"bol*i`zer\, n.
One who symbolizes.
Symbological \Sym`bo*log"i*cal\, a.
Pertaining to a symbology; versed in, or characterized by,
symbology.
Symbologist \Sym*bol"o*gist\, n.
One who practices, or who is versed in, symbology.
Symbology \Sym*bol"o*gy\, n. [Symbol + -logy.]
The art of expressing by symbols.
Symbranchii \Sym*bran"chi*i\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with + ?
a gill.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of slender eel-like fishes having the gill openings
confluent beneath the neck. The pectoral arch is generally
attached to the skull, and the entire margin of the upper jaw
is formed by the premaxillary. Called also {Symbranchia}.
Symmetral \Sym"me*tral\, a.
Commensurable; symmetrical. [Obs.] --Dr. H. More.
Symmetrian \Sym*me"tri*an\, n.
One eminently studious of symmetry of parts. [R.] --Sir P.
Sidney.
Symmetric \Sym*met"ric\, a.
Symmetrical.
Symmetrical \Sym*met"ric*al\, a. [Cf. F. sym['e]trique. See
{Symmetry}.]
1. Involving or exhibiting symmetry; proportional in parts;
having its parts in due proportion as to dimensions; as, a
symmetrical body or building.
2. (Biol.) Having the organs or parts of one side
corresponding with those of the other; having the parts in
two or more series of organs the same in number;
exhibiting a symmetry. See {Symmetry}, 2.
3. (Bot.)
(a) Having an equal number of parts in the successive
circles of floral organs; -- said of flowers.
(b) Having a likeness in the form and size of floral
organs of the same kind; regular.
4. (Math.) Having a common measure; commensurable.
(b) Having corresponding parts or relations.
Note: A curve or a plane figure is symmetrical with respect
to a given line, and a line, surface, or solid with
respect to a plane, when for each point on one side of
the line or plane there is a corresponding point on the
other side, so situated that the line joining the two
corresponding points is perpendicular to the line or
plane and is bisected by it. Two solids are symmetrical
when they are so situated with respect to an
intervening plane that the several points of their
surfaces thus correspond to each other in position and
distance. In analysis, an expression is symmetrical
with respect to several letters when any two of them
may change places without affecting the expression; as,
the expression a^{2}b + ab^{2} + a^{2}c + ac^{2} +
b^{2}c + bc^{2}, is symmetrical with respect to the
letters a, b, c. -- {Sym*met"ric*al*ly}, adv. --
{Sym*met"ric*al*ness}, n.
Symmetrician \Sym`me*tri"cian\, n.
Same as {Symmetrian}. [R.] --Holinshed.
Symmetrist \Sym"me*trist\, n.
One eminently studious of symmetry of parts. --Sir H. Wotton.
Symmetrize \Sym"me*trize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Symmetrized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Symmetrizing}.] [Cf. F. sym['e]triser.]
To make proportional in its parts; to reduce to symmetry.
--Burke.
Symmetry \Sym"me*try\, n. [L. symmetria, Gr. ?; sy`n with,
together + ? a measure: cf. F. sym['e]trie. See {Syn-}, and
{Meter} rhythm.]
1. A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each
other; adaptation of the form or dimensions of the several
parts of a thing to each other; the union and conformity
of the members of a work to the whole.
2. (Biol.) The law of likeness; similarity of structure;
regularity in form and arrangement; orderly and similar
distribution of parts, such that an animal may be divided
into parts which are structurally symmetrical.
Note: Bilateral symmetry, or two-sidedness, in vertebrates,
etc., is that in which the body can be divided into
symmetrical halves by a vertical plane passing through
the middle; radial symmetry, as in echinoderms, is that
in which the individual parts are arranged
symmetrically around a central axis; serial symmetry,
or zonal symmetry, as in earthworms, is that in which
the segments or metameres of the body are disposed in a
zonal manner one after the other in a longitudinal
axis. This last is sometimes called metamerism.
3. (Bot.)
(a) Equality in the number of parts of the successive
circles in a flower.
(b) Likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the
same kind; regularity.
{Axis of symmetry}. (Geom.) See under {Axis}.
{Respective symmetry}, that disposition of parts in which
only the opposite sides are equal to each other.
Sympathetic \Sym`pa*thet"ic\, a. [See {Sympathy}, and cf.
{Pathetic}.]
1. Inclined to sympathy; sympathizing.
Far wiser he, whose sympathetic mind Exults in all
the good of all mankind. --Goldsmith.
2. Produced by, or expressive of, sympathy.
Ope the sacred source of sympathetic tears. --Gray.
3. (Physiol.)
(a) Produced by sympathy; -- applied particularly to
symptoms or affections. See {Sympathy}.
(b) Of or relating to the sympathetic nervous system or
some of its branches; produced by stimulation on the
sympathetic nervious system or some part of it; as,
the sympathetic saliva, a modified form of saliva,
produced from some of the salivary glands by
stimulation of a sympathetic nerve fiber.
{Sympathetic ink}. (Chem.) See under {Ink}.
{Sympathetic nerve} (Anat.), any nerve of the sympathetic
system; especially, the axial chain of ganglions and
nerves belonging to the sympathetic system.
{Sympathetic powder} (Alchemy), a kind of powder long
supposed to be able to cure a wound if applied to the
weapon that inflicted it, or even to a portion of the
bloody clothes. --Dunglison.
{Sympathetic sounds} (Physics), sounds produced from solid
bodies by means of vibrations which have been communicated
to them from some other sounding body, by means of the air
or an intervening solid.
{Sympathetic system} (Anat.), a system of nerves and nerve
ganglions connected with the alimentary canal, the
vascular system, and the glandular organs of most
vertebrates, and controlling more or less their actions.
The axial part of the system and its principal ganglions
and nerves are situated in the body cavity and form a
chain of ganglions on each side of the vertebral column
connected with numerous other ganglions and nerve
plexuses.
Sympathetical \Sym`pa*thet"ic*al\, a.
Sympathetic.
Sympathetically \Sym`pa*thet"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a sympathetic manner.
Sympathist \Sym"pa*thist\, n.
One who sympathizes; a sympathizer. [R.] --Coleridge.
Sympathize \Sym"pa*thize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Sympathized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Sympathizing}.] [F. sympathiser. See
{Sympathy}.]
1. To have a common feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain.
The mind will sympathize so much with the anguish
and debility of the body, that it will be too
distracted to fix itself in meditation.
--Buckminster.
2. To feel in consequence of what another feels; to be
affected by feelings similar to those of another, in
consequence of knowing the person to be thus affected.
Their countrymen . . . sympathized with their heroes
in all their adventures. --Addison.
3. To agree; to be in accord; to harmonize. --Dryden.
Sympathize \Sym"pa*thize\, v. t.
1. To experience together. [Obs.] ``This sympathized . . .
error.'' --Shak.
2. To ansew to; to correspond to. [Obs.] --Shak.
Sympathizer \Sym"pa*thi`zer\, n.
One who sympathizes.
Sympathy \Sym"pa*thy\, n.; pl. {Sympathies}. [F. sympathie, L.
sympathia, Gr. ?; sy`n with + ? suffering, passion, fr. ?, ?,
to suffer. See {Syn-}, and {Pathos}.]
1. Feeling corresponding to that which another feels; the
quality of being affected by the affection of another,
with feelings correspondent in kind, if not in degree;
fellow-feeling.
They saw, but other sight instead -- a crowd Of ugly
serpents! Horror on them fell, And horrid sympathy.
--Milton.
2. An agreement of affections or inclinations, or a
conformity of natural temperament, which causes persons to
be pleased, or in accord, with one another; as, there is
perfect sympathy between them.
3. Kindness of feeling toward one who suffers; pity;
commiseration; compassion.
I value myself upon sympathy, I hate and despise
myself for envy. --Kames.
4. (Physiol.)
(a) The reciprocal influence exercised by the various
organs or parts of the body on one another, as
manifested in the transmission of a disease by unknown
means from one organ to another quite remote, or in
the influence exerted by a diseased condition of one
part on another part or organ, as in the vomiting
produced by a tumor of the brain.
(b) That relation which exists between different persons
by which one of them produces in the others a state or
condition like that of himself. This is shown in the
tendency to yawn which a person often feels on seeing
another yawn, or the strong inclination to become
hysteric experienced by many women on seeing another
person suffering with hysteria.
5. A tendency of inanimate things to unite, or to act on each
other; as, the sympathy between the loadstone and iron.
[R.]
6. Similarity of function, use office, or the like.
The adverb has most sympathy with the verb. --Earle.
Syn: Pity; fellow-feeling; compassion; commiseration;
tenderness; condolence; agreement.
Usage: {Sympathy}, {Commiseration}. Sympathy is literally a
fellow-feeling with others in their varied conditions
of joy or of grief. This term, however, is now more
commonly applied to a fellow-feeling with others under
affliction, and then coincides very nearly with
commiseration. In this case it is commonly followed by
for; as, to feel sympathy for a friend when we see him
distressed. The verb sympathize is followed by with;
as, to sympathize with a friend in his distresses or
enjoyments. ``Every man would be a distinct species to
himself, were there no sympathy among individuals.''
--South. See {Pity}.
Fault, Acknowledged and deplored, in Adam
wrought Commiseration. --Milton.
Sympetalous \Sym*pet"al*ous\, a. [Pref. sym- + petal.] (Bot.)
Having the petals united; gamopetalous.
Symphonic \Sym*phon"ic\, a.
1. Symphonious.
2. (Mus.) Relating to, or in the manner of, symphony; as, the
symphonic form or style of composition.
Symphonious \Sym*pho"ni*ous\, a. [From {Symphony}.]
1. Agreeing in sound; accordant; harmonious.
Followed with acclamation and the sound Symphonious
of ten thousand harps. --Milton.
2. (Mus.) Symphonic.
Symphonist \Sym"pho*nist\, n. [Cf. F. symphoniste.]
A composer of symphonies.
Symphonize \Sym"pho*nize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Symphonized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Symphonizing}.]
To agree; to be in harmony. [R.] --Boyle.
Symphony \Sym"pho*ny\, n.; pl. {Symphonies}. [F. symphonie (cf.
It. sinfonia), L. symphonia, Gr. ?; sy`n with + ? a sound,
the voice. See {Phonetic}.]
1. A consonance or harmony of sounds, agreeable to the ear,
whether the sounds are vocal or instrumental, or both.
The trumpets sound, And warlike symphony in heard
around. --Dryden.
2. A stringed instrument formerly in use, somewhat resembling
the virginal.
With harp and pipe and symphony. --Chaucer.
3. (Mus.)
(a) An elaborate instrumental composition for a full
orchestra, consisting usually, like the sonata, of
three or four contrasted yet inwardly related
movements, as the allegro, the adagio, the minuet and
trio, or scherzo, and the finale in quick time. The
term has recently been applied to large orchestral
works in freer form, with arguments or programmes to
explain their meaning, such as the ``symphonic poems''
of Liszt. The term was formerly applied to any
composition for an orchestra, as overtures, etc., and
still earlier, to certain compositions partly vocal,
partly instrumental.
(b) An instrumental passage at the beginning or end, or in
the course of, a vocal composition; a prelude,
interlude, or postude; a ritornello.
Symphyla \Sym*phy"la\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with + ? a
clan.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of small apterous insects having an elongated body,
with three pairs of thoracic and about nine pairs of
abdominal legs. They are, in many respects, intermediate
between myriapods and true insects.
Symphyseal \Sym*phys"e*al\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to to symphysis.
Symphyseotomy \Sym`phy*se*ot"o*my\, n. [NL. symphysis pubis +
Gr. ? to cut.] (Surg.)
The operation of dividing the symphysis pubis for the purpose
of facilitating labor; -- formerly called the Sigualtian
section. [Written also {symphysotomy}.] --Dunglison.
Symphysis \Sym"phy*sis\, n.; pl. {Symphyses}. [NL., fr. Gr. ?,
fr. ? to make to grow together; sy`n with + ? to cause to
grow; to grow.] (Anat.)
(a) An articulation formed by intervening cartilage; as, the
pubic symphysis.
(b) The union or coalescence of bones; also, the place of
union or coalescence; as, the symphysis of the lower jaw.
Cf. {Articulation}.
Symphysotomy \Sym`phy*sot"o*my\, n.
Symphyseotomy.
Symphytism \Sym"phy*tism\, n. [Gr. ? grown together.]
Coalescence; a growing into one with another word. [R.]
Some of the phrasal adverbs have assumed the form of
single words, by that symphytism which naturally
attaches these light elements to each other. --Earle.
Sympiesometer \Sym`pi*e*som"e*ter\, n. [Gr. ? compression (fr. ?
to press together; sy`n with + ? to press, squeeze) +
-meter.]
A sensitive kind of barometer, in which the pressure of the
atmosphere, acting upon a liquid, as oil, in the lower
portion of the instrument, compresses an elastic gas in the
upper part.
Note: The column of oil of a lower part BC of a glass tube
compresses hydrogen gas in the upper part AB, and is
thus measured on the scale pq by the position of a
surface of the oil in the tube. The scale pq is
adjustable, and its index must be set to the division
on the scale rs corresponding to the temperature
indicated by the termometer t, in order to correct for
the effects of temperature on the gas. It is sensitive,
and convenient for use at sea, but inferior in accuracy
to the mercurial barometer.
Symplectic \Sym*plec"tic\, a. [Gr. ? plaiting together, fr. ? to
plait together.] (Anat.)
Plaiting or joining together; -- said of a bone next above
the quadrate in the mandibular suspensorium of many fishes,
which unites together the other bones of the suspensorium. --
n. The symplectic bone.
Symploce \Sym"plo*ce\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? an interweaving, fr. ?
to twine together; ? + ? to twine.] (Rhet.)
The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning and
another at the end of successive clauses; as, Justice came
down from heaven to view the earth; Justice returned to
heaven, and left the earth.
Sympode \Sym"pode\, n. (Bot.)
A sympodium.
Sympodial \Sym*po"di*al\, a. (Bot.)
Composed of superposed branches in such a way as to imitate a
simple axis; as, a sympodial stem.
Sympodium \Sym*po"di*um\, n.; pl. {Sympodia}. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n
with + ?, dim. of ?, ?, foot.] (Bot.)
An axis or stem produced by dichotomous branching in which
one of the branches is regularly developed at the expense of
the other, as in the grapevine.
Symposiac \Sym*po"si*ac\, a. [L. symposiacus, Gr. ?.]
Of or pertaining to compotations and merrymaking; happening
where company is drinking together; as, symposiac meetings.
Symposiac disputations amongst my acquaintance.
--Arbuthnot.
Symposiac \Sym*po"si*ac\, n.
A conference or conversation of philosophers at a banquet;
hence, any similar gathering.
Symposiarch \Sym*po"si*arch\, n. [Gr. ?, ?; ? a symposium + ? to
be first, to rule.] (Gr. Antiq.)
The master of a feast.
Symposiast \Sym*po"si*ast\, n.
One engaged with others at a banquet or merrymaking. --Sydney
Smith.
Symposion \Sym*po"si*on\, n. [NL.]
A drinking together; a symposium. ``Our symposion last
night.'' --Sir W. Scott.
Symposium \Sym*po"si*um\, n.; pl. {Symposia}. [L., fr. Gr.
sympo`sion a drinking party, feast; sy`n with + po`sis a
drinking. See {Syn-}, and cf. {Potable}.]
1. A drinking together; a merry feast. --T. Warton.
2. A collection of short essays by different authors on a
common topic; -- so called from the appellation given to
the philosophical dialogue by the Greeks.
Symptom \Symp"tom\, n. [F. sympt[^o]me, Gr. ? anything that has
befallen one, a chance, causality, symptom, fr. ? to fall
together; sy`n with + ? to fall; akin to Skr. pat to fly, to
fall. See {Syn-}, and cf. {Asymptote}, {Feather}.]
1. (Med.) Any affection which accompanies disease; a
perceptible change in the body or its functions, which
indicates disease, or the kind or phases of disease; as,
the causes of disease often lie beyond our sight, but we
learn their nature by the symptoms exhibited.
Like the sick man, we are expiring with all sorts of
good symptoms. --Swift.
2. A sign or token; that which indicates the existence of
something else; as, corruption in elections is a symptom
of the decay of public virtue.
Syn: Mark; note; sign; token; indication.
Symptomatic \Symp`tom*at"ic\, Symptomatical \Symp`tom*at"ic*al\,
a. [Cf. F. symptomatique, Gr. ? causal.]
1. Of or pertaining to symptoms; happening in concurrence
with something; being a symptom; indicating the existence
of something else.
Symptomatic of a shallow understanding and an
unamiable temper. --Macaulay.
2. According to symptoms; as, a symptomatical classification
of diseases. -- {Symp`tom*at"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Symptomatology \Symp`tom*a*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, symptom +
-logy: cf. F. symptomatologie.] (Med.)
The doctrine of symptoms; that part of the science of
medicine which treats of the symptoms of diseases;
semeiology.
Note: It includes diagnosis, or the determination of the
disease from its symptoms; and prognosis, or the
determination of its probable course and event.
Syn- \Syn-\ [Gr. sy`n with.]
A prefix meaning with, along with, together, at the same
time. Syn- becomes sym- before p, b, and m, and syl- before
l.
Synacme \Syn*ac"me\, Synacmy \Syn*ac"my\, n. [NL. synacme. See
{Syn-}, and {Acme}.] (Bot.)
Same as {Synanthesis}.
Synaeresis \Syn*[ae]r"e*sis\, Syneresis \Syn*er"e*sis\, n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ? a taking or drawing together, fr. ? to take
together; sy`n with + ? to take, to grasp. See {Syn-}, and
{Heresy}.] (Gram.)
The union, or drawing together into one syllable, of two
vowels that are ordinarily separated in syllabification;
synecphonesis; -- the opposite of di[ae]resis.
Synagogical \Syn`a*gog"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a synagogue.
Synagogue \Syn"a*gogue\, n. [F., from L. synagoga, Gr. ? a
bringing together, an assembly, a synagogue, fr. ? to bring
together; sy`n with + ? to lead. See {Syn-}, and {Agent}.]
1. A congregation or assembly of Jews met for the purpose of
worship, or the performance of religious rites.
2. The building or place appropriated to the religious
worship of the Jews.
3. The council of, probably, 120 members among the Jews,
first appointed after the return from the Babylonish
captivity; -- called also the {Great Synagogue}, and
sometimes, though erroneously, the {Sanhedrin}.
4. A congregation in the early Christian church.
My brethren, . . . if there come into your synagogue
a man with a gold ring. --James ii.
1,2 (Rev.
Ver.).
5. Any assembly of men. [Obs. or R.] --Milton.
Synalepha \Syn`a*le"pha\, n. [NL., fr. L. synaloepha, Gr. ?,
from ? to melt together; sy`n with + ? to besmear.] (Gram.)
A contraction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or
diphthong at the end of a word, before another vowel or
diphthong; as, th' army, for the army. [Written also
{synal[oe]pha}.]
Synallagmatic \Syn`al*lag*mat"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, from ? a mutual
agreement, contract, fr. ? to exchange, negotiate with; sy`n
with + ? to change.] (Law)
Imposing reciprocal obligations upon the parties; as, a
synallagmatic contract. --Bouvier.
Synallaxine \Syn`al*lax"ine\, a. [From Gr. ? to associate with.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Having the outer and middle toes partially united; -- said of
certain birds related to the creepers.
Synaloepha \Syn`a*l[oe]"pha\, n. [L.]
Same as {Synalepha}.
Synangium \Syn*an"gi*um\, n.; pl. {Synangia}. [NL., fr. Gr. ? +
? a hollow vessel.] (Anat.)
The divided part beyond the pylangium in the aortic trunk of
the amphibian heart. -- {Syn*an"gi*al}, a.
Synantherous \Syn*an"ther*ous\, a. [Pref. syn- + anther.] (Bot.)
Having the stamens united by their anthers; as, synantherous
flowers.
Synanthesis \Syn`an*the"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with + Gr. ?
bloom.] (Bot.)
The simultaneous maturity of the anthers and stigmas of a
blossom. --Gray.
Synanthous \Syn*an"thous\, a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. ? flower.]
(Bot.)
Having flowers and leaves which appear at the same time; --
said of certain plants.
Synanthrose \Syn*an"throse"\, n. [From NL. Synanther[ae] the
Composit[ae]; Gr. sy`n with + ? blooming.] (Chem.)
A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose, found in the
tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke ({Helianthus tuberosus}),
in the dahlia, and other Composit[ae].
Synapta \Syn*ap"ta\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? fastened together; sy`n
with + ? to fasten.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of slender, transparent holothurians which have
delicate calcareous anchors attached to the dermal plates.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Synaptase \Syn*ap"tase\, n. [Gr. ? fastened together +
diastase.] (Chem.)
A ferment resembling diastase, found in bitter almonds. Cf.
{Amygdalin}, and {Emulsin}.
Synapticula \Syn`ap*tic"u*la\, n.; pl. {Synapticul[ae]}. [NL.,
dim. from Gr. ? fastened together.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of numerous calcareous processes which extend between,
and unite, the adjacent septa of certain corals, especially
of the fungian corals.
Synarchy \Syn"ar*chy\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to rule jointly with;
sy`n with + ? to rule.]
Joint rule or sovereignity. [R.] --Stackhouse.
Synartesis \Syn`ar*te"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a fastening
together, fr. ? to fasten together.]
A fastening or knitting together; the state of being closely
jointed; close union. [R.] --Coleridge.
Synarthrodia \Syn`ar*thro"di*a\, n. [NL.] (Anat.)
Synarthrosis. -- {Syn`ar*thro"di*al}, a. --Dunglison.
Synarthrosis \Syn`ar*thro"sis\, n.; pl. {Synarthroses}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ? a being jointed together, fr. ? to link or joint
together; sy`n with + ? a joint.] (Anat.)
Immovable articulation by close union, as in sutures. It
sometimes includes symphysial articulations also. See the
Note under {Articulation}, n., 1.
Synastry \Syn"as*try\, n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. ? a star.]
Concurrence of starry position or influence; hence,
similarity of condition, fortune, etc., as prefigured by
astrological calculation. [R.] --Motley.
Synaxis \Syn*ax"is\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to bring together.
See {Synagogue}.]
A congregation; also, formerly, the Lord's Supper. --Jer.
Taylor.
Syncarp \Syn"carp\, n. [NL. syncarpium. See {Syncarpous}.]
(Bot.)
A kind of aggregate fruit in which the ovaries cohere in a
solid mass, with a slender receptacle, as in the magnolia;
also, a similar multiple fruit, as a mulberry.
Syncarpium \Syn*car"pi*um\, n.; pl. {Syncarpia}. [NL.] (Bot.)
Same as {Syncarp}.
Syncarpous \Syn*car"pous\, a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. ? a fruit.]
(Bot.)
Composed of several carpels consolidated into one ovary.
Syncategorematic \Syn*cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic\, a. [Gr. ?; sy`n with
+ ? a predicate. See {Syn-}, and {Categorematic}.] (Logic)
Not capable of being used as a term by itself; -- said of
words, as an adverb or preposition.
Synchondrosis \Syn`chon*dro"sis\, n.; pl. {Synchondroses}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ?; sy`n with + ? cartilage.] (Anat.)
An immovable articulation in which the union is formed by
cartilage. -- {Syn`chon*dro"si*al}, a.
Synchondrotomy \Syn`chon*drot"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? union by
cartilage + ? to cut.] (Surg.)
Symphyseotomy.
Synchoresis \Syn`cho*re"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; sy`n with + ?
a going.] (Rhet.)
A concession made for the purpose of retorting with greater
force.
Synchronal \Syn"chro*nal\, a. [See {Synchronous}.]
Happening at, or belonging to, the same time; synchronous;
simultaneous. --Dr. H. More.
Synchronal \Syn"chro*nal\, n.
A synchronal thing or event.
Synchronical \Syn*chron"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. synchronique.]
Happening at the same time; synchronous. --Boyle. --
{Syn*chron"ic*al*ly}, adv.
Synchronism \Syn"chro*nism\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to be contemporary
with, from ? synchronous. See {Synchronous}.]
1. The concurrence of events in time; simultaneousness.
2. The tabular arrangement of historical events and
personages, according to their dates.
3. (Paint.) A representation, in the same picture, of two or
events which occured at different times.
Synchronistic \Syn`chro*nis"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to synchronism; arranged according to
correspondence in time; as, synchronistic tables.
Synchronization \Syn`chro*ni*za"tion\, n.
The act of synchronizing; concurrence of events in respect to
time.
Synchronize \Syn"chro*nize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Synchronized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Synchronizing}.] [Gr. ?.]
To agree in time; to be simultaneous.
The path of this great empire, through its arch of
progress, synchronized with that of Christianity. --De
Quincey.
Synchronize \Syn"chro*nize\, v. t.
1. To assign to the same date or period of time; as, to
synchronize two events of Greek and Roman history.
``Josephus synchronizes Nisan with the Egyptian Pharmus.''
--W. L. Bevan.
2. To cause to agree in time; as, to synchronize the
movements of different machines; to synchronize clocks.
Synchronology \Syn`chro*nol"o*gy\, n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. ? time +
-logy.]
Contemporaneous chronology.
Synchronous \Syn"chro*nous\, a. [Gr. ?; sy`n with + ? time. Cf.
{Chronicle}.]
Happening at the same time; simultaneous. --
{Syn"chro*nous*ly}, adv.
Synchrony \Syn"chro*ny\, n.
The concurrence of events in time; synchronism. [R.]
Geological contemporaneity is the same as chronological
synchrony. --Huxley.
Synchysis \Syn"chy*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to confound;
sy`n with + ? to pour.]
A derangement or confusion of any kind, as of words in a
sentence, or of humors in the eye.
{Sparkling synchysis} (Med.), a condition in which the
vitreous humor is softened and contains sparkling scales
of cholesterin.
Synclastic \Syn*clas"tic\, a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. kla^n to break.]
(Math. Physics)
Curved toward the same side in all directions; -- said of
surfaces which in all directions around any point bend away
from a tangent plane toward the same side, as the surface of
a sphere; -- opposed to anticlastic. --Sir W. Thomson.
Synclinal \Syn*cli"nal\, a. [Gr. ? to incline together; sy`n
with + ? to incline.]
1. Inclined downward from opposite directions, so as to meet
in a common point or line.
2. (Geol.) Formed by strata dipping toward a common line or
plane; as, a synclinal trough or valley; a synclinal fold;
-- opposed to anticlinal.
Note: A downward flexure in the case of folded rocks makes a
synclinal axis, and the alternating upward flexure an
anticlinal axis.
Synclinal \Syn*cli"nal\, n. (Geol.)
A synclinal fold.
Syncline \Syn*cline"\, n. (Geol.)
A synclinal fold.
Synclinical \Syn*clin"ic*al\, a.
Synclinal. [R.]
Synclinorium \Syn`cli*no"ri*um\, n.; pl. {Synclinoria}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ? to lay together + ? mountain.] (Geol.)
A mountain range owing its origin to the progress of a
geosynclinal, and ending in a catastrophe of displacement and
upturning. --Dana.
Syncopal \Syn"co*pal\, a.
Of or pertaining to syncope; resembling syncope.
Syncopate \Syn"co*pate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Syncopated}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Syncopating}.] [LL. syncopatus, p. p. of
syncopare to syncopate, to swoon. See {Syncope}.]
1. (Gram.) To contract, as a word, by taking one or more
letters or syllables from the middle; as, ``Gloster'' is a
syncopated form of ``Gloucester.''
2. (Mus.) To commence, as a tone, on an unaccented part of a
measure, and continue it into the following accented part,
so that the accent is driven back upon the weak part and
the rhythm drags.
Syncopation \Syn`co*pa"tion\, n.
1. (Gram.) The act of syncopating; the contraction of a word
by taking one or more letters or syllables from the
middle; syncope.
2. (Mus.) The act of syncopating; a peculiar figure of
rhythm, or rhythmical alteration, which consists in
welding into one tone the second half of one beat with the
first half of the beat which follows.
Syncope \Syn"co*pe\, n. [L. syncope, syncopa, Gr. ? a cutting
up, a syncope; akin to ? to beat together, to cut up, cut
short, weavy; sy`n with + ? to strike, cut.]
1. (Gram.) An elision or retrenchment of one or more letters
or syllables from the middle of a word; as, ne'er for
never, ev'ry for every.
2. (Mus.) Same as {Syncopation}.
3. (Med.) A fainting, or swooning. See {Fainting}.
4. A pause or cessation; suspension. [R.]
Revely, and dance, and show, Suffer a syncope and
solemn pause. --Cowper.
Syncopist \Syn"co*pist\, n.
One who syncopates. --Addison.
Syncopize \Syn"co*pize\, v. t.
To syncopate.
Syncotyledonous \Syn*cot`y*led"on*ous\, a. [Pref. syn- +
cotyledonous.] (Bot.)
Having united cotyledonous.
Syncretic \Syn*cret"ic\, a.
Uniting and blending together different systems, as of
philosophy, morals, or religion. --Smart.
Syncretism \Syn"cre*tism\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to make two parties
join against a third: cf. F. syncr['e]tisme.]
Attempted union of principles or parties irreconcilably at
variance with each other.
He is plotting a carnal syncretism, and attempting the
reconcilement of Christ and Belial. --Baxter.
Syncretism is opposed to eclecticism in philosophy.
--Krauth-Fleming.
Syncretist \Syn"cre*tist\, n. [Cf. F. syncr['e]tiste.]
One who attempts to unite principles or parties which are
irreconcilably at variance; specifically (Eccl. Hist.), an
adherent of George Calixtus and other Germans of the
seventeenth century, who sought to unite or reconcile the
Protestant sects with each other and with the Roman
Catholics, and thus occasioned a long and violent controversy
in the Lutheran church.
Syncretistic \Syn`cre*tis"tic\, a.
1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, syncretism; as, a
syncretistic mixture of the service of Jehovah and the
worship of idols.
2. Of or pertaining to Syncretists.
Syncrisis \Syn"cri*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a comparison; ?
together + ? to judge.] (Rhet.)
A figure of speech in which opposite things or persons are
compared. --Crabb.
Syncytium \Syn*cy"ti*um\, n.; pl. {Syncitia}. [NL., from Gr. ?
together + ? a hollow vessel.]
1. (Biol.) Tissue in which the cell or partition walls are
wholly wanting and the cell bodies fused together, so that
the tissue consists of a continuous mass of protoplasm in
which nuclei are imbedded, as in ordinary striped muscle.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The ectoderm of a sponge.
Syndactyle \Syn*dac"tyle\, n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. ? finger, toe:
cf. F. syndactyle.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any bird having syndactilous feet.
Syndactylic \Syn*dac*tyl"ic\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Syndactilous.
Syndactylous \Syn*dac"tyl*ous\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having the toes firmly united together for some distance, and
without an intermediate web, as the kingfishers; gressorial.
Syndesmography \Syn`des*mog"ra*phy\, n. [Gr. ? band, bond +
-graphy.]
A description of the ligaments; syndesmology.
Syndesmology \Syn`des*mol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? band, bond + -logy.]
That part of anatomy which treats of ligaments.
Syndesmosis \Syn`des*mo"sis\, n.; pl. {Syndesmoses}. [NL., fr.
Gr. ? a bond; ? together + ? a bond, fr. ? to bind.] (Anat.)
An articulation formed by means of ligaments.
Syndetic \Syn*det"ic\, Syndetical \Syn*det"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?,
from ? to bind together; sy`n with + ? to bind; cf.
{Asyndetic}.]
Connecting; conjunctive; as, syndetic words or connectives;
syndetic references in a dictionary. -- {Syn*det"ic*al*ly},
adv.
With the syndetic juxtaposition of distinct members,
the article is not often repeated. --C. J. Grece
(Trans.
Maetzner's
Gram.).
Syndic \Syn"dic\, n. [L. syndictus, Gr. ? helping in a court of
justice, advocate; sy`n with + ? justice, akin to ? to show:
cf. F. syndic. See {Teach}.]
1. An officer of government, invested with different powers
in different countries; a magistrate.
2. (Law) An agent of a corporation, or of any body of men
engaged in a business enterprise; an advocate or patron;
an assignee.
Note: In France, syndics are appointed by the creditors of a
bankrupt to manage the property. Almost all the
companies in Paris, the university, and the like, have
their syndics. The university of Cambridge, Eng., has
its syndics, who are chosen from the senate to transact
special business, such as the regulation of fees, the
framing of laws, etc.
Syndicate \Syn"di*cate\, n. [Cf. F. syndicat, LL. syndicatus.]
1. The office or jurisdiction of a syndic; a council, or body
of syndics. --Bp. Burnet.
2. An association of persons officially authorized to
undertake some duty or to negotiate some business; also,
an association of persons who combine to carry out, on
their own account, a financial or industrial project; as,
a syndicate of bankers formed to take up and dispose of an
entire issue of government bonds.
Syndicate \Syn"di*cate\, v. t. [LL. syndicatus, p. p. of
syndicare to censure.]
To judge; to censure. [Obs.]
Syndrome \Syn"dro*me\, n. [NL., from Gr. ?; sy`n with + ? a
course, a running.]
Concurrence. [R.] --Glanvill.
Syndyasmian \Syn`dy*as"mi*an\, a. [Gr. syndyasmo`s a pairing,
fr. syndya`zein to pair.]
Pertaining to the state of pairing together sexually; -- said
of animals during periods of procreation and while rearing
their offspring. --Morgan.
Syne \Syne\, adv. [See {Since}.]
1. Afterwards; since; ago. [Obs. or Scot.] --R. of Brunne.
2. Late, -- as opposed to soon.
[Each rogue] shall be discovered either soon or
syne. --W. Hamilton
(Life of
Wallace).
Syne \Syne\, conj.
Since; seeing. [Scot.]
Synecdoche \Syn*ec"do*che\ (s[i^]n*[e^]k"d[-o]*k[-e]), n. [L.
synecdoche, Gr. synekdochh`, fr. to receive jointly; sy`n
with + ? to receive; ? out + ? to receive.] (Rhet.)
A figure or trope by which a part of a thing is put for the
whole (as, fifty sail for fifty ships), or the whole for a
part (as, the smiling year for spring), the species for the
genus (as, cutthroat for assassin), the genus for the species
(as, a creature for a man), the name of the material for the
thing made, etc. --Bain.
Synecdochical \Syn`ec*doch"ic*al\, a.
Expressed by synecdoche; implying a synecdoche.
Isis is used for Themesis by a synecdochical kind of
speech, or by a poetical liberty, in using one for
another. --Drayton.
Synecdochically \Syn`ec*doch"ic*al*ly\, adv.
By synecdoche.
Synechia \Syn*e"chi*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to hold
together; sy`n with + ? to hold.] (Med.)
A disease of the eye, in which the iris adheres to the cornea
or to the capsule of the crystalline lens.
Synecphonesis \Syn*ec`pho*ne"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to
utter together.] (Gram.)
A contraction of two syllables into one; synizesis.
Synedral \Syn*e"dral\, a. [Gr. ? sitting with; sy`n with +
"e`dra seat.] (Bot.)
Growing on the angles of a stem, as the leaves in some
species of Selaginella.
Synentognathi \Syn`en*tog"na*thi\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n
with + 'ento`s within + gna`qos jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
An order of fishes, resembling the Physoclisti, without
spines in the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins. It includes the
true flying fishes.
Synepy \Syn"e*py\, n. [Gr. ?; sy`n with + ? a word.] (Rhet.)
The interjunction, or joining, of words in uttering the
clauses of sentences.
Syneresis \Syn*er"e*sis\, n.
Same as {Syn[ae]resis}.
Synergetic \Syn`er*get"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to work together;
sy`n with + 'e`rgon work.]
Working together; co["o]perating; as, synergetic muscles.
Synergism \Syn"er*gism\, n. [See {Synergetic}.] (Theol.)
The doctrine or theory, attributed to Melanchthon, that in
the regeneration of a human soul there is a co["o]peration,
or joint agency, on the part both of God and of man.
Synergist \Syn"er*gist\, n. [Cf. F. synergiste.]
1. One who holds the doctrine of synergism.
2. (Med.) A remedy which has an action similar to that of
another remedy, and hence increases the efficiency of that
remedy when combined with it.
Synergistic \Syn`er*gis"tic\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to synergism. ``A synergistic view of
regeneration.'' --Shedd.
2. Co["o]perating; synergetic.
Synergy \Syn"er*gy\, n. [Gr. ?. See {Synergetic}.]
Combined action; especially (Med.), the combined healthy
action of every organ of a particular system; as, the
digestive synergy.
Syngenesia \Syn`ge*ne"si*a\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with,
together + ? generation, birth.] (Bot.)
A Linn[ae]an class of plants in which the stamens are united
by the anthers.
Syngenesian \Syn`ge*ne"sian\, Syngenesious \Syn`ge*ne"sious\, a.
(Bot.)
Having the stamens united by the anthers; of or pertaining to
the Syngenesia.
Syngenesis \Syn*gen"e*sis\, n. [Pref. syn- + genesis.] (Biol.)
A theory of generation in which each germ is supposed to
contain the germs of all subsequent generations; -- the
opposite of {epigenesis}.
Syngnathi \Syng"na*thi\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with + ?
jaw.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of lophobranch fishes which have an elongated
snout and lack the ventral and first dorsal fins. The
pipefishes and sea horses are examples. -- {Syng"na*thous},
a.
Syngraph \Syn"graph\, n. [L. syngrapha, Gr. ?; sy`n with + ? to
write.] (Law)
A writing signed by both or all the parties to a contract or
bond.
Synizesis \Syn`i*ze"sis\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to sit
together; sy`n with + ? to sit.]
1. (Med.) An obliteration of the pupil of the eye.
2. (Gram.) A contraction of two syllables into one;
synecphonesis.
Synneorosis \Syn`neo*ro"sis\, n.; pl. {Synneuroses}. [NL., fr.
Gr. ?; sy`n with + ? a sinew, ligament.] (Anat.)
Syndesmosis.
Synocha \Syn"o*cha\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a holding together. See
{Synechia}.] (Med.)
See {Synochus}. [Obs.]
Synochal \Syn"o*chal\, a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to synocha; like synocha. [Obs.]
Synochus \Syn"o*chus\, n. [NL., from Gr. ? joined together.]
(Med.)
A continuous fever. [Obs.]
Note: Synocha and synochus were used as epithets of two
distinct types of fever, but in different senses at
different periods. The same disease is placed under
synocha by one author, under synochus by another.
--Quain.
Synocil \Syn"o*cil\, n. [Pref. syn- + cilium.] (Zo["o]l.)
A sense organ found in certain sponges. It consists of
several filaments, each of which arises from a single cell.
Synod \Syn"od\ (s[i^]n"[u^]d), n. [L. synodus, Gr. sy`nodos a
meeting; sy`n with + "odo`s a way; cf. AS. sino[eth],
seno[eth], F. synode, both from the Latin.]
1. (Eccl. Hist.) An ecclesiastic council or meeting to
consult on church matters.
Note: Synods are of four kinds: 1. General, or ecumenical,
which are composed of bishops from different nations;
-- commonly called general council. 2. National,
composed of bishops of one nation only. 3. Provincial,
in which the bishops of only one province meet; --
called also convocations. 4. Diocesan, a synod in which
the bishop of the diocese or his representative
presides. Among Presbyterians, a synod is composed of
several adjoining presbyteries. The members are the
ministers and a ruling elder from each parish.
2. An assembly or council having civil authority; a
legislative body.
It hath in solemn synods been decreed, Both by the
Syracusians and ourselves, To admit no traffic to
our adverse towns. --Shak.
Parent of gods and men, propitious Jove! And you,
bright synod of the powers above. --Dryden.
3. (Astron.) A conjunction of two or more of the heavenly
bodies. [R.] --Milton.
Synodal \Syn"od*al\, a. [L. synodalis: cf. F. synodal.]
Synodical. --Milton.
Synodal \Syn"od*al\, n.
1. (Ch. of Eng.) A tribute in money formerly paid to the
bishop or archdeacon, at the time of his Easter
visitation, by every parish priest, now made to the
ecclesiastical commissioners; a procuration.
Synodals are due, of common right, to the bishop
only. --Gibson.
2. A constitution made in a provincial or diocesan synod.
Synodic \Syn*od"ic\, Synodical \Syn*od"ic*al\, a. [L. synodicus,
Gr. ?: cf. F. synodique.]
1. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a synod; transacted in, or
authorized by, a synod; as, synodical proceedings or
forms. ``A synodical epistle.'' --Bp. Stillingfleet.
2. (Astron.) Pertaining to conjunction, especially to the
period between two successive conjunctions; extending from
one conjunction, as of the moon or a planet with the sun,
to the next; as, a synodical month (see Lunar month, under
{Month}); the synodical revolution of the moon or a
planet.
Synodically \Syn*od"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a synodical manner; in a synod; by the authority of a
synod. ``Synodically agreed upon.'' --R. Nelson.
Synodist \Syn"od*ist\, n.
An adherent to a synod.
These synodists thought fit in Latin as yet to veil
their decrees from vulgar eyes. --Fuller.
Synoecious \Syn*[oe]"cious\, a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. ? house.]
(Bot.)
Having stamens and pistil in the same head, or, in mosses,
having antheridia and archegonia on the same receptacle.
Synomocy \Syn*om"o*cy\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to swear with or
together; sy`n with + ? to swear.]
Sworn brotherhood; a society in ancient Greece nearly
resembling a modern political club.
Synonym \Syn"o*nym\ (s[i^]n"[-o]*n[i^]m), n.; pl. {Synonyms}
(-n[i^]mz). [F. synonyme, L. synonyma, pl. of synonymum, Gr.
synw`nymon. See {Synonymous}.]
One of two or more words (commonly words of the same
language) which are equivalents of each other; one of two or
more words which have very nearly the same signification, and
therefore may often be used interchangeably. See under
{Synonymous}. [Written also {synonyme}.]
All languages tend to clear themselves of synonyms as
intellectual culture advances, the superfluous words
being taken up and appropriated by new shades and
combinations of thought evolved in the progress of
society. --De Quincey.
His name has thus become, throughout all civilized
countries, a synonym for probity and philanthropy.
--Macaulay.
In popular literary acceptation, and as employed in
special dictionaries of such words, synonyms are words
sufficiently alike in general signification to be
liable to be confounded, but yet so different in
special definition as to require to be distinguished.
--G. P. Marsh.
Synonyma \Syn*on"y*ma\ (s[i^]n*[o^]n"[i^]*m[.a]), n. pl. [L.]
Synonyms. [Obs.] --Fuller.
Synonymal \Syn*on"y*mal\, a.
Synonymous. [Obs.]
Synonymally \Syn*on"y*mal*ly\, adv.
Synonymously. [Obs.]
Synonyme \Syn"o*nyme\, n.
Same as {Synonym}.
Synonymic \Syn`o*nym"ic\, n. [Cf. G. synonymik. See
{Synonymous}.] (Gram.)
The science, or the scientific treatment, of synonymous
words.
Synonymic \Syn`o*nym"ic\, Synonymical \Syn`o*nym"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to synonyms, or synonymic; synonymous.
Synonymicon \Syn`o*nym"i*con\, n. [NL.]
A dictionary of synonyms. --C. J. Smith.
Synonymist \Syn*on"y*mist\, n. [Cf. F. synonymiste.]
One who collects or explains synonyms.
Synonymize \Syn*on"y*mize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Synonymized};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Synonymizing}.]
To express by a synonym or synonyms; to give the synonym or
synonyms corresponding to.
This word ``fortis'' we may synonymize after all these
fashions: stout, hardy, valiant, doughty, courageous,
adventurous, brave, bold, daring, intrepid. --Camden.
Synonymous \Syn*on"y*mous\, a. [Gr. ?; sy`n with, together + ?,
?, name. See {Syn-}, and {Name}.]
Having the character of a synonym; expressing the same thing;
conveying the same, or approximately the same, idea. --
{Syn*on"y*mous*ly}, adv.
These words consist of two propositions, which are not
distinct in sense, but one and the same thing variously
expressed; for wisdom and understanding are synonymous
words here. --Tillotson.
Syn: Identical; interchangeable. -- {Synonymous},
{Identical}. If no words are synonymous except those
which are identical in use and meaning, so that the one
can in all cases be substituted for the other, we have
scarcely ten such words in our language. But the term
more properly denotes that the words in question
approach so near to each other, that, in many or most
cases, they can be used interchangeably. 1. Words may
thus coincide in certain connections, and so be
interchanged, when they can not be interchanged in other
connections; thus we may speak either strength of mind
or of force of mind, but we say the force (not strength)
of gravitation. 2. Two words may differ slightly, but
this difference may be unimportant to the speaker's
object, so that he may freely interchange them; thus it
makes but little difference, in most cases, whether we
speak of a man's having secured his object or having
attained his object. For these and other causes we have
numerous words which may, in many cases or connections,
be used interchangeably, and these are properly called
synonyms. Synonymous words ``are words which, with great
and essential resemblances of meaning, have, at the same
time, small, subordinate, and partial differences, --
these differences being such as either originally and on
the ground of their etymology inhered in them; or
differences which they have by usage acquired in the
eyes of all; or such as, though nearly latent now, they
are capable of receiving at the hands of wise and
discreet masters of the tongue. Synonyms are words of
like significance in the main, but with a certain
unlikeness as well.'' --Trench.
Synonymy \Syn*on"y*my\, n. [L. synonymia, Gr. ? a synonym: cf.
F. synonymie.]
1. The quality of being synonymous; sameness of meaning.
2. A system of synonyms.
3. (Rhet.) A figure by which synonymous words are used to
amplify a discourse.
Synopsis \Syn*op"sis\, n.; pl. {Synopses}. [L., from Gr. ?; sy`n
with, together + ? a sight, view, from the root seen in E.
optic.]
A general view, or a collection of heads or parts so arranged
as to exhibit a general view of the whole; an abstract or
summary of a discourse; a syllabus; a conspectus.
That the reader may see in one view the exactness of
the method, as well as force of the argument, I shall
here draw up a short synopsis of this epistle. --Bp.
Warburton.
Syn: Abridgment; compendium; epitome; abstract; summary;
syllabus; conspectus. See {Abridgment}.
Synoptic \Syn*op"tic\, Synoptical \Syn*op"tic*al\, a. [Gr. ?:
cf. F. synoptique. See {Synopsis}.]
Affording a general view of the whole, or of the principal
parts of a thing; as, a synoptic table; a synoptical
statement of an argument. ``The synoptic Gospels.'' --Alford.
-- {Syn*op"tic*al*ly}, adv.
Synoptic \Syn*op"tic\, n.
One of the first three Gospels of the New Testament. See
{Synoptist}.
Synoptist \Syn*op"tist\, n.
Any one of the authors of the three synoptic Gospels, which
give a history of our Lord's life and ministry, in
distinction from the writer of John's Gospel, which gives a
fuller record of his teachings.
Synosteology \Syn*os`te*ol"o*gy\, n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. ? bone +
-logy.]
That part of anatomy which treats of joints; arthrology.
Synosteosis \Syn*os`te*o"sis\, n.; pl. {Synosteoses}. [NL., fr.
Gr. sy`n with + ? bone.] (Anat.)
Union by means of bone; the complete closing up and
obliteration of sutures.
Synostosis \Syn`os*to"sis\, n. [NL.]
Same as {Synosteosis}.
Synovia \Syn*o"vi*a\, n. [NL., perhaps fr. Gr. sy`n with + L.
ovum egg: cf. F. synovie.] (Anat.)
A transparent, viscid, lubricating fluid which contains mucin
and secreted by synovial membranes; synovial fluid.
Synovial \Syn*o"vi*al\, a. [Cf. F. synovial.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to synovia; secreting synovia.
{Synovial capsule}, a closed sac of synovial membrane
situated between the articular surfaces at diarthrodial
joints.
{Synovial fluid}, synovia.
{Synovial membrane}, the dense and very smooth connective
tissue membrane which secretes synovia and surrounds
synovial capsules and other synovial cavities.
Synovitis \Syn`o*vi"tis\, n. [NL. See {Synovia}, {-itis}.]
(Med.)
Inflammation of the synovial membrane.
Synpelmous \Syn*pel"mous\, a. [Pref. syn- + ? the sole of the
foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
Having the two main flexor tendons of the toes blended
together.
Synsepalous \Syn*sep"al*ous\, a. [Pref. syn- + sepal.] (Bot.)
Having united sepals; gamosepalous.
Syntactic \Syn*tac"tic\, Syntactical \Syn*tac"tic*al\, a. [Cf.
G. ? putting together. See {Syntax}.]
Of or pertaining to syntax; according to the rules of syntax,
or construction. -- {Syn*tac"tic*al*ly}, adv.
Syntax \Syn"tax\, n. [L. syntaxis, Gr. ?, fr. ? to put together
in order; sy`n with + ? to put in order; cf. F. syntaxe. See
{Syn-}, and {Tactics}.]
1. Connected system or order; union of things; a number of
things jointed together; organism. [Obs.]
They owe no other dependence to the first than what
is common to the whole syntax of beings. --Glanvill.
2. That part of grammar which treats of the construction of
sentences; the due arrangement of words in sentences in
their necessary relations, according to established usage
in any language.
Syntaxis \Syn*tax"is\, n.
Syntax. [R.] --B. Jonson.
Synteresis \Syn`te*re"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? preservation, fr.
? to preserve; sy`n with + ? to guard.]
1. (Med.) Prophylaxis. [Obs.]
2. (Metaph.) Conscience viewed as the internal repository of
the laws of duty. --Whewell.
Synteretic \Syn`te*ret"ic\, a. [Gr. ?.] (Med.)
Preserving health; prophylactic. [Obs.]
Synteretics \Syn`te*ret"ics\, n. (Med.)
That department of medicine which relates to the preservation
of health; prophylaxis. [Obs.]
Synthermal \Syn*ther"mal\, a. [Pref. syn- + thermal.]
Having the same degree of heat.
Synthesis \Syn"the*sis\, n.; pl. {Syntheses}. [L., a mixture,
properly, a putting together, Gr. ?, fr. ? to place or put
together; sy`n with + ? to place. See {Thesis}.]
1. Composition, or the putting of two or more things
together, as in compounding medicines.
2. (Chem.) The art or process of making a compound by putting
the ingredients together, as contrasted with analysis;
thus, water is made by synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen;
hence, specifically, the building up of complex compounds
by special reactions, whereby their component radicals are
so grouped that the resulting substances are identical in
every respect with the natural articles when such occur;
thus, artificial alcohol, urea, indigo blue, alizarin,
etc., are made by synthesis.
3. (Logic) The combination of separate elements of thought
into a whole, as of simple into complex conceptions,
species into genera, individual propositions into systems;
-- the opposite of {analysis}.
Analysis and synthesis, though commonly treated as
two different methods, are, if properly understood,
only the two necessary parts of the same method.
Each is the relative and correlative of the other.
--Sir W.
Hamilton.
Synthesist \Syn"the*sist\, n.
One who employs synthesis, or who follows synthetic methods.
Synthesize \Syn"the*size\, v. t.
1. To combine by synthesis; to unite.
2. To produce by synthesis; as, to synthesize albumin.
Synthetic \Syn*thet"ic\, Synthetical \Syn*thet"ic*al\, a. [Gr.
?: cf. F. synth['e]tique.]
1. Of or pertaining to synthesis; consisting in synthesis or
composition; as, the synthetic method of reasoning, as
opposed to analytical.
Philosophers hasten too much from the analytic to
the synthetic method; that is, they draw general
conclusions from too small a number of particular
observations and experiments. --Bolingbroke.
2. (Chem.) Artificial. Cf. {Synthesis}, 2.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Comprising within itself structural or other
characters which are usually found only in two or more
diverse groups; -- said of species, genera, and higher
groups. See the Note under {Comprehensive}, 3.
{Synthetic}, or {Synthetical language}, an inflectional
language, or one characterized by grammatical endings; --
opposed to {analytic language}. --R. Morris.
Synthetically \Syn*thet"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a synthetic manner.
Synthetize \Syn"the*tize\, v. t. [Cf. Gr. ?.]
To combine; to unite in regular structure. [R.]
Syntomy \Syn"to*my\, n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to cut short; sy`n with +
? to cut.]
Brevity; conciseness. [R.]
Syntonin \Syn"to*nin\, n. [Cf. Gr. ? stretched tight, intense.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
A proteid substance (acid albumin) formed from the albuminous
matter of muscle by the action of dilute acids; -- formerly
called {musculin}. See {Acid albumin}, under {Albumin}.
Syphering \Sy"pher*ing\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Carp.)
The lapping of chamfered edges of planks to make a smooth
surface, as for a bulkhead.
Syphilide \Syph"i*lide\, n. [F.] (Med.)
A cutaneous eruption due to syphilis.
Syphilis \Syph"i*lis\, n. [NL., fr. Syphilus, the name of a
shepherd in the Latin poem of Fracastoro, ``Syphilus, sive
Morbus Gallicus,'' which was published in 1530; Gr. ? hog,
swine + ? dear, loving. The term was introduced into nosology
by Sauvages.] (Med.)
The pox, or venereal disease; a chronic, specific, infectious
disease, usually communicated by sexual intercourse or by
hereditary transmission, and occurring in three stages known
as primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis. See under
{Primary}, {Secondary}, and {Tertiary}.
Syphilitic \Syph`i*lit"ic\, a. [Cf. F. syphilitique.] (Med.)
Of or pertaining to syphilis; of the nature of syphilis;
affected with syphilis. -- n. A syphilitic patient.
Syphilitically \Syph`i*lit"ic*al*ly\, adv. (Med.)
In a syphilitic manner; with venereal disease.
Syphilization \Syph`i*li*za"tion\, n. (Med.)
Inoculation with the syphilitic virus, especially when
employed as a preventive measure, like vaccination.
Syphilize \Syph"i*lize\, v. t. (Med.)
To inoculate with syphilis.
Syphiloderm \Syph"i*lo*derm\, n. [See {Syphilis}, and {Derm}.]
(Med.)
A cutaneous affection due to syphilis.
Syphilodermatous \Syph`i*lo*der"ma*tous\, a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to the cutaneous manifestations of syphilis.
Syphiloid \Syph"i*loid\, a. [Syphilis + -oid.] (Med.)
Resembling syphilis.
Syphilologist \Syph`i*lol"o*gist\, n.
One skilled in syphilology.
Syphilology \Syph`i*lol"o*gy\, n. [Syphilis + -logy.]
That branch of medicine which treats of syphilis.
Syphon \Sy"phon\, n.
See {Syphon}.
Syracuse \Syr"a*cuse\, n.
A red wine of Italy.
Syren \Sy"ren\, n.
See {Siren}. [R.]
Syriac \Syr"i*ac\, a. [L. Syriacus, from Syria: cf. F.
syriaque.]
Of or pertaining to Syria, or its language; as, the Syriac
version of the Pentateuch. -- n. The language of Syria;
especially, the ancient language of that country.
Syriacism \Syr"i*a*cism\, n.
A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism.
Syrian \Syr"i*an\, a. [L. Syrius: cf. F. Syrien.]
Of or pertaining to Syria; Syriac. -- n. A native of Syria.
Syrianism \Syr"i*an*ism\, n.
A Syrian idiom, or a peculiarity of the Syrian language; a
Syriacism. --Paley.
Syriasm \Syr"i*asm\, n.
A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism; a Syriacism. --M. Stuart.
The Scripture Greek is observed to be full of Syriasms
and Hebraisms. --Bp.
Warburton.
Syringa \Sy*rin"ga\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, a shepherd's pipe,
tube. Cf. {Syringe}.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of plants; the lilac.
(b) The mock orange; -- popularly so called because its stems
were formerly used as pipestems.
Syringe \Syr"inge\, n. [F. seringue (cf. Pr. siringua, Sp.
jeringa, It. sciringa, scilinga), fg. Gr. ?, ?, a pipe or
tube; cf. Skr. svar to sound, and E. swarum. Cf. {Syringa}.]
A kind of small hand-pump for throwing a stream of liquid, or
for purposes of aspiration. It consists of a small
cylindrical barrel and piston, or a bulb of soft elastic
material, with or without valves, and with a nozzle which is
sometimes at the end of a flexible tube; -- used for
injecting animal bodies, cleansing wounds, etc.
{Garden syringe}. See {Garden}.
Syringe \Syr"inge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Syringed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Syringing}.]
1. To inject by means of a syringe; as, to syringe warm water
into a vein.
2. To wash and clean by injection from a syringe.
Syringeal \Sy*rin"ge*al\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the syrinx; as, the syringeal muscle.
Syringin \Sy*rin"gin\, n. (Chem.)
A glucoside found in the bark of the lilac ({Syringa}) and
extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- formerly
called also {lilacin}.
Syringocoele \Sy*rin"go*c[oe]le\, n. [Syrinx + Gr. ? hollow.]
(Anat.)
The central canal of the spinal cord. --B. G. Wilder.
Syringotome \Sy*rin"go*tome\, n. [Cf. F. syringotome. See
{Syringotomy}.] (Surg. & Anat.)
A small blunt-pointed bistoury, -- used in syringotomy.
Syringotomy \Syr`in*got"o*my\, n. [Gr. ? a tube, a hollow sore +
? to cut: cf. F. syringotomie.] (Surg.)
The operation of cutting for anal fistula.
Syrinx \Syr"inx\, n.; pl. {Syringes}. [NL., from Gr. ? a pipe.]
1. (Mus.) A wind instrument made of reeds tied together; --
called also {pandean pipes}.
2. (Anat.) The lower larynx in birds.
Note: In birds there are two laringes, an upper or true, but
voiceless, larynx in the usual position behind the
tongue, and a lower one, at or near the junction of the
trachea and bronchi, which is the true organ of the
voice.
Syrma \Syr"ma\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to drag.] (Class.
Antiq.)
A long dress, trailing on the floor, worn by tragic actors in
Greek and Roman theaters.
Syrphian \Syr"phi*an\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the syrphus flies. -- n. (Zo["o]l.) A
syrphus fly.
Syrphus fly \Syr"phus fly`\ [NL. Syrphus, the generic name, fr.
Gr. ?, ?, a kind of winged insect.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus
{Syrphus} and allied genera. They are usually bright-colored,
with yellow bands, and hover around plants. The larv[ae] feed
upon plant lice, and are, therefore, very beneficial to
agriculture.
Syrt \Syrt\, n. [L. syrtis a sand bank in the sea, Gr. ?: cf. F.
syrte.]
A quicksand; a bog. [R.] --Young.
Syrtic \Syr"tic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a syrt; resembling syrt, or quicksand.
[R.] --Ed. Rev.
Syrtis \Syr"tis\, n.; pl. {Syrtes}. [See {Syrt}.]
A quicksand.
Quenched in a boggy syrtis, neither sea Nor good dry
land. --Milton.
Syrup \Syr"up\, n., Syrupy \Syr"up*y\, a. [See {Sirup}.]
Same as {Sirup}, {Sirupy}.
Syssarcosis \Sys`sar*co"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to unite
by flesh, to cover over with flesh; sy`n with + ?, ?, flesh.]
(Anat.)
The junction of bones by intervening muscles.
Systaltic \Sys*tal"tic\, a. [L. systalticus drawing together,
Gr. ?, from ? to draw together. Cf. {Sustaltic}, {Systole}.]
(Physiol.)
Capable of, or taking place by, alternate contraction and
dilatation; as, the systaltic action of the heart.
Systasis \Sys"ta*sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to stand
together. See under {System}.]
A political union, confederation, or league. [R.] --Burke.
System \Sys"tem\, n. [L. systema, Gr. ?, fr. ? to place
together; sy`n with + ? to place: cf. F. syst[`e]me. See
{Stand}.]
1. An assemblage of objects arranged in regular
subordination, or after some distinct method, usually
logical or scientific; a complete whole of objects related
by some common law, principle, or end; a complete
exhibition of essential principles or facts, arranged in a
rational dependence or connection; a regular union of
principles or parts forming one entire thing; as, a system
of philosophy; a system of government; a system of
divinity; a system of botany or chemistry; a military
system; the solar system.
The best way to learn any science, is to begin with a
regular system, or a short and plain scheme of that
science well drawn up into a narrow compass. --I. Watts.
2. Hence, the whole scheme of created things regarded as
forming one complete plan of whole; the universe. ``The
great system of the world.'' --Boyle.
3. Regular method or order; formal arrangement; plan; as, to
have a system in one's business.
4. (Mus.) The collection of staves which form a full score.
See {Score}, n.
5. (Biol.) An assemblage of parts or organs, either in animal
or plant, essential to the performance of some particular
function or functions which as a rule are of greater
complexity than those manifested by a single organ; as,
the capillary system, the muscular system, the digestive
system, etc.; hence, the whole body as a functional unity.
6. (Zo["o]l.) One of the stellate or irregular clusters of
intimately united zooids which are imbedded in, or
scattered over, the surface of the common tissue of many
compound ascidians.
{Block system}, {Conservative system}, etc. See under
{Block}, {Conservative}, etc.
Systematic \Sys`tem*at"ic\, Systematical \Sys`tem*at"ic*al\, a.
[Gr. ?: cf. F. syst['e]matique.]
1. Of or pertaining to system; consisting in system;
methodical; formed with regular connection and adaptation
or subordination of parts to each other, and to the design
of the whole; as, a systematic arrangement of plants or
animals; a systematic course of study.
Now we deal much in essays, and unreasonably despise
systematical learning; whereas our fathers had a
just value for regularity and systems. --I. Watts.
A representation of phenomena, in order to answer
the purposes of science, must be systematic.
--Whewell.
2. Proceeding according to system, or regular method; as, a
systematic writer; systematic benevolence.
3. Pertaining to the system of the world; cosmical.
These ends may be called cosmical, or systematical.
--Boyle.
4. (Med.) Affecting successively the different parts of the
system or set of nervous fibres; as, systematic
degeneration.
{Systematic theology}. See under {Theology}.
Systematically \Sys`tem*at"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a systematic manner; methodically.
Systematism \Sys"tem*a*tism\, n.
The reduction of facts or principles to a system.
--Dunglison.
Systematist \Sys"tem*a*tist\, n. [Cf. F. syst['e]matiste.]
1. One who forms a system, or reduces to system.
2. One who adheres to a system.
Systematization \Sys`tem*a*ti*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F.
syst['e]matization.]
The act or operation of systematizing.
Systematize \Sys"tem*a*tize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Systematized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Systematizing}.] [Cf. F.
syst['e]matiser. Cf. {Systemize}.]
To reduce to system or regular method; to arrange
methodically; to methodize; as, to systematize a collection
of plants or minerals; to systematize one's work; to
systematize one's ideas.
Diseases were healed, and buildings erected, before
medicine and architecture were systematized into arts.
--Harris.
Systematizer \Sys"tem*a*ti`zer\, n.
One who systematizes.
Aristotle may be called the systematizer of his
master's doctrines. --Harris.
Systematology \Sys`tem*a*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ?, ?, system +
-logy.]
The doctrine of, or a treatise upon, systems. --Dunglison.
Systemic \Sys*tem"ic\, a.
1. Of or relating to a system; common to a system; as, the
systemic circulation of the blood.
2. (Anat. & Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the general system,
or the body as a whole; as, systemic death, in distinction
from local death; systemic circulation, in distinction
from pulmonic circulation; systemic diseases.
{Systemic death}. See the Note under {Death}, n., 1.
Systemization \Sys`tem*i*za"tion\, n.
The act or process of systematizing; systematization.
Systemize \Sys"tem*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Systemized}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Systemizing}.] [Cf. {Systematize}.]
To reduce to system; to systematize.
Systemizer \Sys"tem*i`zer\, n.
One who systemizes, or reduces to system; a systematizer.
Systemless \Sys"tem*less\, a.
1. Being without system.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Not agreeing with some artificial system of
classification.
3. (Biol.)Not having any of the distinct systems or types of
structure, as the radiate, articulate, etc.,
characteristic of organic nature; as, all unicellular
organisms are systemless.
Systole \Sys"to*le\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to contract; sy`n
with + ? to set, place.]
1. (Gram.) The shortening of the long syllable.
2. (Physiol.) The contraction of the heart and arteries by
which the blood is forced onward and the circulation kept
up; -- correlative to {diastole}.
Systolic \Sys*tol"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to systole, or contraction; contracting;
esp., relating to the systole of the heart; as, systolic
murmur. --Dunglison.
Systyle \Sys"tyle\, a. [L. systylos, Gr. sy`n with columns
standing close; sy`n with + ? a column: cf. F. systyle.]
(Arch.)
Having a space equal to two diameters or four modules between
two columns; -- said of a portico or building. See
{Intercolumniation}. -- n. A systyle temple or other edifice.
Syth \Syth\, Sythe \Sythe\, prep., adv., conj. & n.
See {Sith}, {Sithe}. [Obs.] --Chaucer. --Piers Plowman.
Sythe \Sythe\, n.
Scythe. [Obs. or R.]
Syzygial \Sy*zyg"i*al\, a.
Pertaining to a syzygy.
Syzygy \Syz"y*gy\ (s[i^]z"[i^]*j[y^]), n.; pl. {Syzygies}
(-j[i^]z). [L. syzygia a joining together, conjunction, Gr.
syzygi`a; sy`n with + zeygny`nai to join, zygo`n yoke: cf. F.
syzygie. See {Yoke}, n.]
1. (Astron.) The point of an orbit, as of the moon or a
planet, at which it is in conjunction or opposition; --
commonly used in the plural.
2. (Gr. & L. Pros.) The coupling together of different feet;
as, in Greek verse, an iambic syzygy.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of the segments of an arm of a crinoid
composed of two joints so closely united that the line
of union is obliterated on the outer, though visible
on the inner, side.
(b) The immovable union of two joints of a crinoidal arm.
{Line of syzygies} (Astron.), the straight line connecting
the earth, the sun, and the moon or a planet, when the
latter is in conjunction or opposition; -- used chiefly of
the moon.