X \X\ ([e^]ks).
X, the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, has
three sounds; a compound nonvocal sound (that of ks), as in
wax; a compound vocal sound (that of gz), as in example; and,
at the beginning of a word, a simple vocal sound (that of z),
as in xanthic. See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 217,
270, 271.
Note: The form and value of X are from the Latin X, which is
from the Greek [Chi], which in some Greek alphabets had
the value of ks, though in the one now in common use it
represents an aspirated sound of k.
Xanthamide \Xanth*am"ide\, n. [Xanthic + amide.] (Chem.)
An amido derivative of xanthic acid obtained as a white
crystalline substance, {C2H5O.CS.NH2}; -- called also
{xanthogen amide}.
Xanthate \Xan"thate\, n. [See {Xanthic}.] (Chem.)
A salt of xanthic; a xanthogenate.
Xanthelasma \Xan`the*las"ma\, n. [NL.; Gr. xanqo`s yellow +
'e`lasma a metal plate.] (Med.)
See {Xanthoma}.
Xanthian \Xan"thi*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Xanthus, an ancient town on Asia Minor;
-- applied especially to certain marbles found near that
place, and now in the British Museum.
Xanthic \Xan"thic\, a. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow: cf. F. xanthique.]
1. Tending toward a yellow color, or to one of those colors,
green being excepted, in which yellow is a constituent, as
scarlet, orange, etc.
2. (Chem.)
(a) Possessing, imparting, or producing a yellow color;
as, xanthic acid.
(b) Of or pertaining to xanthic acid, or its compounds;
xanthogenic.
(c) Of or pertaining to xanthin.
{Xanthic acid} (Chem.), a heavy, astringent, colorless oil,
{C2H5O.CS.SH}, having a pungent odor. It is produced by
leading carbon disulphide into a hot alcoholic solution of
potassium hydroxide. So called from the yellow color of
many of its salts. Called also {xanthogenic acid}.
{Xanthic colors} (Bot.), those colors (of flowers) having
some tinge of yellow; -- opposed to {cyanic colors}. See
under {Cyanic}.
Xanthide \Xan"thide\, n. [See {Xantho-}.] (Chem.)
A compound or derivative of xanthogen. [Archaic]
Xanthidium \Xan*thid"i*um\, n.; pl. {Xanthidia}. [NL., fr. Gr.
xanqo`s yellow.] (Bot.)
A genus of minute unicellular alg[ae] of the desmids. These
alg[ae] have a rounded shape and are armed with glochidiate
or branched aculei. Several species occur in ditches, and
others are found fossil in flint or hornstone.
Xanthin \Xan"thin\, n. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow.]
1. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous body closely
related to both uric acid and hypoxanthin, present in
muscle tissue, and occasionally found in the urine and in
some urinary calculi. It is also present in guano. So
called from the yellow color of certain of its salts
(nitrates).
2. (Chem.) A yellow insoluble coloring matter extracted from
yellow flowers; specifically, the coloring matter of
madder. [Formerly written also {xanthein}.]
3. (Chem.) One of the gaseous or volatile decomposition
products of the xanthates, and probably identical with
carbon disulphide. [Obs.]
Xanthinine \Xan"thi*nine\, n. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow + quinine.]
(Chem.)
A complex nitrogenous substance related to urea and uric
acid, produced as a white powder; -- so called because it
forms yellow salts, and because its solution forms a blue
fluorescence like quinine.
Xanthium \Xan"thi*um\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xa`nqion a plant used
for dyeing the hair yellow, said to be the {Xanthium
strumarium}, from xanqo`s yellow.] (Bot.)
A genus of composite plants in which the scales of the
involucre are united so as to form a kind of bur; cocklebur;
clotbur.
Xantho- \Xan"tho-\
A combining form from Gr. xanqo`s yellow; as in
xanthocobaltic salts. Used also adjectively in chemistry.
Xanthocarpous \Xan`tho*car"pous\, a. [Xantho- + Gr. karpo`s
fruit.] (Bot.)
Having yellow fruit.
Xanthochroi \Xan*thoch"ro*i\, n. pl. [NL. See {Xanthochroic}.]
(Ethnol.)
A division of the Caucasian races, comprising the
lighter-colored members.
The Xanthochroi, or fair whites, . . . are the
prevalent inhabitants of Northern Europe, and the type
may be traced into North Africa, and eastward as far as
Hindostan. --Tylor.
Xanthochroic \Xan`tho*chro"ic\, a. [Xantho- + Gr. chro`a color.]
(Ethnol.)
Having a yellowish or fair complexion; of or pertaining to
the Xanthochroi.
Xanthodontous \Xan`tho*don"tous\, a. [Xantho- + Gr. 'odoy`s,
'odo`ntos, tooth.]
Having yellow teeth.
Xanthogen \Xan"tho*gen\, n. [Xantho- + -gen.] (Chem.)
(a) The hypothetical radical supposed to be characteristic of
xanthic acid. [Archaic]
(b) Persulphocyanogen. [R.]
Xanthogenate \Xan"tho*gen*ate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of xanthic acid.
Xanthogenic \Xan`tho*gen"ic\, a. [See {Xantho-}, and {-gen}.]
(Chem.)
Producing a yellow color or compound; xanthic. See {Xanthic
acid}, under {Xanthic}.
Xanthoma \Xan*tho"ma\, n. [NL. See {Xantho-}, and {-oma}.]
(Med.)
A skin disease marked by the development or irregular
yellowish patches upon the skin, especially upon the eyelids;
-- called also {xanthelasma}.
Xanthophane \Xan"tho*phane\, n. [Xantho- + Gr. fai`nein to
show.] (Physiol.)
The yellow pigment present in the inner segments of the
retina in animals. See {Chromophane}.
Xanthophyll \Xan"tho*phyll\, n. [Xantho- + Gr. fy`llon leaf.]
(Bot.)
A yellow coloring matter found in yellow autumn leaves, and
also produced artificially from chlorophyll; -- formerly
called also {phylloxanthin}.
Xanthopous \Xan"tho*pous\, a. [Xantho- + Gr. poy`s, podo`s,
foot.] (Bot.)
Having a yellow stipe, or stem.
Xanthoproteic \Xan`tho*pro*te"ic\, a. (Physiol. Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, xanthoprotein; showing the
characters of xanthoprotein; as, xanthoproteic acid; the
xanthoproteic reaction for albumin.
Xanthoprotein \Xan`tho*pro"te*in\, n. [Xantho- + protein.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
A yellow acid substance formed by the action of hot nitric
acid on albuminous or proteid matter. It is changed to a deep
orange-yellow color by the addition of ammonia.
Xanthopuccine \Xan`tho*puc"cine\, n. [Xantho- + puccoon + -ine.]
(Chem.)
One of three alkaloids found in the root of the yellow
puccoon ({Hydrastis Canadensis}). It is a yellow crystalline
substance, and resembles berberine.
Xanthorhamnin \Xan`tho*rham"nin\, n. [Xantho- + NL. Rhamnus, the
generic name of the plant bearing Persian berries.] (Chem.)
A glucoside extracted from Persian berries as a yellow
crystalline powder, used as a dyestuff.
Xanthorhiza \Xan`tho*rhi"za\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow +
"ri`za root.] (Bot.)
A genus of shrubby ranunculaceous plants of North America,
including only the species {Xanthorhiza apiifolia}, which has
roots of a deep yellow color; yellowroot. The bark is
intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic.
Xanthorhoea \Xan`tho*rh[oe]"a\, n. [NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow
+ "rei^n to flow.] (Bot.)
A genus of endogenous plants, native to Australia, having a
thick, sometimes arborescent, stem, and long grasslike
leaves. See {Grass tree}.
Xanthose \Xan"those\, n. (Chem.)
An orange-yellow substance found in pigment spots of certain
crabs.
Xanthosis \Xan*tho"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow.]
(Med.)
The yellow discoloration often observed in cancerous tumors.
Xanthospermous \Xan`tho*sper"mous\, a. [Xantho- + Gr. spe`rma
sperm.] (Bot.)
Having yellow seeds.
Xanthous \Xan"thous\, a. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow.]
Yellow; specifically (Ethnol.), of or pertaining to those
races of man which have yellowish, red, auburn, or brown
hair.
Xanthoxylene \Xan*thox"y*lene\, n. [See {Xanthoxylum}.] (Chem.)
A liquid hydrocarbon of the terpene series extracted from the
seeds of a Japanese prickly ash ({Xanthoxylum pipertium}) as
an aromatic oil.
Xanthoxylum \Xan*thox"y*lum\, n. [NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow +
xy`lon wood.] (Bot.)
A genus of prickly shrubs or small trees, the bark and rots
of which are of a deep yellow color; prickly ash.
Note: The commonest species in the Northern United States is
{Xanthoxylum Americanum}. See {Prickly ash}, under
{Prickly}.
Xebec \Xe"bec\ (z[=e]"b[e^]k), n. [Sp. jabegue, formerly spelt
xabeque, or Pg. xabeco; both from Turk. sumbeki a kind of
Asiatic ship; cf. Per. sumbuk, Ar. sumb[=u]k a small ship.]
(Naut.)
A small three-masted vessel, with projecting bow stern and
convex decks, used in the Mediterranean for transporting
merchandise, etc. It carries large square sails, or both.
Xebecs were formerly armed and used by corsairs.
Xeme \Xeme\ (z[=e]m), n. (Zo["o]l.)
An Arctic fork-tailed gull ({Xema Sabinii}).
Xenelasia \Xen`e*la"si*a\, n. [NL., from Gr. xenhlasi`a
expulsion of strangers.] (Gr. Antiq.)
A Spartan institution which prohibited strangers from
residing in Sparta without permission, its object probably
being to preserve the national simplicity of manners.
Xenium \Xe"ni*um\, n.; pl. {Xenia}. [L., from Gr. xe`nion gift
to a guest, fr. xe`nos guest.] (Class. Antiq.)
A present given to a guest or stranger, or to a foreign
ambassador.
Xenodochium \Xen`o*do*chi"um\, n. [LL., fr. L. xenodochium a
building for the reception of strangers, Gr. ? .]
(a) (Class. Antiq.) A house for the reception of strangers.
(b) In the Middle Ages, a room in a monastery for the
reception and entertainment of strangers and pilgrims,
and for the relief of paupers. [Called also
{Xenodocheion}.]
Xenodochy \Xe*nod"o*chy\, n. [Gr. ?.]
Reception of strangers; hospitality. [R.]
Xenogamy \Xe*nog"a*my\, n. [Gr. xe`nos strange, foreign + ?
marriage.] (Bot.)
Cross fertilization.
Xenogenesis \Xen`o*gen"e*sis\, n. [Gr. xe`nos a stranger + E.
genesis.] (Biol.)
(a) Same as {Heterogenesis}.
(b) The fancied production of an organism of one kind by an
organism of another. --Huxley.
Xenogenetic \Xen`o*ge*net"ic\, a. (Biol.)
Of or pertaining to xenogenesis; as, the xenogenetic origin
of microzymes. --Huxley.
Xenomania \Xen`o*ma"ni*a\, n. [Gr. xe`nos strange + E. mania.]
A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, foreign customs,
institutions, manners, fashions, etc. [R.] --Saintsbury.
Xenomi \Xen"o*mi\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. xe`nos strange.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of soft-rayed fresh-water fishes of which the
blackfish of Alaska ({Dallia pectoralis}) is the type.
Xenopterygii \Xe*nop`te*ryg"i*i\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. xe`nos
strange + ?, dim. of ? a wing.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of fishes including {Gobiesox} and allied genera.
These fishes have soft-rayed fins, and a ventral sucker
supported in front by the pectoral fins. They are destitute
of scales.
Xenotime \Xen"o*time\, n. [Gr. ? honoring guests or strangers;
xe`nos guest, stranger + ? honor: cf. G. xenotim.] (Min.)
A native phosphate of yttrium occurring in yellowish-brown
tetragonal crystals.
Xenurine \Xe*nu"rine\, n. [Gr. xe`nos strange + ? tail.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A cabassou.
Xenyl \Xen"yl\, n. [Gr. xe`nos strange + -yl.] (Chem.)
The radical characteristic of xenylic compounds.
Xenylic \Xe*nyl"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, designating, certain amido
compounds obtained by reducing certain nitro derivatives of
diphenyl.
Xeraphim \Xer"a*phim\, n. [Pg. xarafin, xerafin, fr. Ar.
ashraf[=i] noble, the name of a gold coin.]
An old money of account in Bombay, equal to three fifths of a
rupee.
Xeres \Xer"es\, n.
Sherry. See {Sherry}.
Xerif \Xer"if\, n.
A shereef.
Xeriff \Xer"iff\, n. [See {Shereef}.]
A gold coin formerly current in Egypt and Turkey, of the
value of about 9s. 6d., or about $2.30; -- also, in Morocco,
a ducat.
Xeroderma \Xe`ro*der"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? dry + ? skin.]
(Med.)
(a) Ichthyosis.
(b) A skin disease characterized by the presence of numerous
small pigmented spots resembling freckles, with which are
subsequently mingled spots of atrophied skin.
Xeronate \Xe"ro*nate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of xeronic acid.
Xeronic \Xe*ron"ic\, a. [Gr. ? dry + citraconic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, {C8H12O4}, related to
fumaric acid, and obtained from citraconic acid as an oily
substance having a bittersweet taste; -- so called from its
tendency to form its anhydride.
Xerophagy \Xe*roph"a*gy\, n. [L. xerophagia, Gr. ?; ? dry + ? to
eat.]
Among the primitive Christians, the living on a diet of dry
food in Lent and on other fasts.
Xerophilous \Xe*roph"i*lous\, a. [Gr. ? dry + ? to love.] (Bot.)
Drought-loving; able withstand the absence or lack of
moisture.
Plants which are peculiarly adapted to dry climates are
termed by De Candolle xerophilous. --Goodale.
Xerophthalmia \Xe`roph*thal"mi*a\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; ? dry + ?
the eye. See {Ophthalmia}.] (Med.)
An abnormal dryness of the eyeball produced usually by
long-continued inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the
conjunctiva.
Xerophthalmy \Xe`roph*thal"my\, n. (Med.)
Xerophthalmia.
Xiphias \Xiph"i*as\, n. [L., a swordfish, a sword-shaped comet,
fr. Gr. xifi`as, fr. xi`fos a sword.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of fishes comprising the common
swordfish.
2. (Anat.)
(a) The constellation Dorado.
(b) A comet shaped like a sword
Xiphidium \Xi*phid"i*um\, n. [NL., from Gr. ?, dim. of xi`fos
sword.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of the order {H[ae]modrace[ae]}, having
two-ranked, sword-shaped leaves.
Xiphioid \Xiph"i*oid\, a. [Xiphius + -oid.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cetacean of the genus
Xiphius or family {Xiphiid[ae]}.
Xiphiplastron \Xiph"i*plas"tron\, n.; pl. {Xiphiplastra}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword + plastron.] (Anat.)
The posterior, or fourth, lateral plate in the plastron of
turtles; -- called also {xiphisternum}.
Xiphisternum \Xiph"i*ster"num\, n.; pl. {Xiphisterna}. [NL., fr.
Gr. xi`fos a sword + sternum.] (Anat.)
(a) The posterior segment, or extremity, of the sternum; --
sometimes called {metasternum}, {ensiform cartilage},
{ensiform process}, or {xiphoid process}.
(b) The xiphiplastron. -- {Xiph"i*ster"nal}a.
Xiphius \Xiph"i*us\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of cetaceans having a long, pointed, bony beak,
usually two tusklike teeth in the lower jaw, but no teeth in
the upper jaw.
Xiphodon \Xiph"o*don\, n. [Gr. xi`fos a sword + 'odoy`s,
'odo`ntos, a tooth.] (Paleon.)
An extinct genus of artiodactylous mammals found in the
European Tertiary formations. It had slender legs,
didactylous feet, and small canine teeth.
Xiphoid \Xiph"oid\ (?; 277), a. [Gr. ? sword-shaped; xi`fos a
sword + ? form, shape: cf. F. xiphoide.] (Anat.)
(a) Like a sword; ensiform.
(b) Of or pertaining to the xiphoid process; xiphoidian.
Xiphoidian \Xiph*oid"i*an\, a. (Anat.)
Xiphoid.
Xiphophyllous \Xi*phoph"yl*lous\, a. [Gr. xi`fos sword + ?
leaf.] (Bot.)
Having sword-shaped leaves.
Xiphosura \Xiph`o*su"ra\, n. pl.
See {Xiphura}.
Xiphura \Xi*phu"ra\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. xi`fos sword + ?
tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Limuloidea}. Called also {Xiphosura}.
{X ray}. See under {Ray}.
Xylamide \Xy*lam"ide\, n. [Xylic + amide.] (Chem.)
An acid amide derivative of xylic acid, obtained as a white
crystalline substance.
Xylanthrax \Xy*lan"thrax\, n. [Gr. xy`lon wood + ? coal.]
Wood coal, or charcoal; -- so called in distinction from
mineral coal.
Xylate \Xy"late\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of xylic acid.
Xylem \Xy"lem\, n. [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Bot.)
That portion of a fibrovascular bundle which has developed,
or will develop, into wood cells; -- distinguished from
phlo["e]m.
Xylene \Xy"lene\, n. [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.)
Any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the
aromatic series, found in coal and wood tar, and so named
because found in crude wood spirit. They are colorless, oily,
inflammable liquids, {C6H4.(CH3)2}, being dimethyl benzenes,
and are called respectively {orthoxylene}, {metaxylene}, and
{paraxylene}. Called also {xylol}.
Note: Each of these xylenes is the nucleus and prototype of a
distinct series of compounds.
Xylenol \Xy"le*nol\, n. [Xylene + -ol.] (Chem.)
Any one of six metameric phenol derivatives of xylene,
obtained as crystalline substances, {(CH3)2.C6H3.OH}.
Xyletic \Xy*let"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid related to
mesitylenic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance
by the action of sodium and carbon dioxide on crude xylenol.
Xylic \Xy"lic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, xylene;
specifically, designating any one of several metameric acids
produced by the partial oxidation of mesitylene and
pseudo-cumene.
Xylidic \Xy*lid"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, either one of two distinct
acids which are derived from xylic acid and related
compounds, and are metameric with uvitic acid.
Xylidine \Xy"li*dine\, n. (Chem.)
Any one of six metameric hydrocarbons, {(CH3)2.C6H3.NH2},
resembling aniline, and related to xylene. They are liquids,
or easily fusible crystalline substances, of which three are
derived from metaxylene, two from orthoxylene, and one from
paraxylene. They are called the amido xylenes.
Note: The xylidine of commerce, used in making certain dyes,
consists chiefly of the derivatives of paraxylene and
metaxylene.
Xylindein \Xy*lin"de*in\, n. (Chem.)
A green or blue pigment produced by Peziza in certain kinds
of decayed wood, as the beech, oak, birch, etc., and
extracted as an amorphous powder resembling indigo.
Xylite \Xy"lite\, n. [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.)
A liquid hydrocarbon found in crude wood spirits.
Xylitone \Xy"li*tone\, n. (Chem.)
A yellow oil having a geraniumlike odor, produced as a side
product in making phorone; -- called also {xylite oil}.
Xylo- \Xy"lo-\
A combining form from Gr. xy`lon wood; as in xylogen,
xylograph.
Xylobalsamum \Xy`lo*bal"sa*mum\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood +
? the balsam tree, balsam; cf. L. xylobalsamum balsam wood,
Gr. ?.] (Med.)
The dried twigs of a Syrian tree ({Balsamodendron
Gileadense}). --U. S. Disp.
Xylocarpous \Xy`lo*car"pous\, a. [Xylo- + Gr. karpo`s fruit.]
(Bot.)
Bearing fruit which becomes hard or woody.
Xylocopa \Xy*loc"o*pa\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? cutting wood; xy`lon
wood + ? to cut.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of hymenopterous insects including the carpenter. See
{Carpenter bee}, under {Carpenter}. -- {Xy*loc"o*pine}, a.
Xylogen \Xy"lo*gen\, n. [Xylo- + -gen.]
(a) (Bot.) Nascent wood; wood cells in a forming state.
(b) Lignin.
Xylograph \Xy"lo*graph\, n. [Xylo- + -graph.]
An engraving on wood, or the impression from such an
engraving; a print by xylography.
Xylographer \Xy*log"ra*pher\, n.
One who practices xylography.
Xylographic \Xy`lo*graph"ic\, Xylographical \Xy`lo*graph"ic*al\,
a. [Cf. F. xylographique.]
Of or pertaining to xylography, or wood engraving.
Xylography \Xy*log"ra*phy\, n. [Xylo- + -graphy: cf. F.
xylographie.]
1. The art of engraving on wood.
2. The art of making prints from the natural grain of wood.
--Knight.
3. A method pf printing in colors upon wood for purposes of
house decoration. --Ure.
Xyloid \Xy"loid\, a. [Xylo- + -oid.]
Resembling wood; having the nature of wood.
Xyloidin \Xy*loid"in\, n. [Xylo- + -oid.] (Chem.)
A substance resembling pyroxylin, obtained by the action of
nitric acid on starch; -- called also {nitramidin}.
Xylol \Xy"lol\, n. [Xylo- + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
Same as {Xylene}.
Xylonite \Xy"lon*ite\, n.
See {Zylonite}.
Xylophaga \Xy*loph"a*ga\, n. [NL. See {Xylophagous}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of marine bivalves which bore holes in wood. They are
allied to Pholas.
Xylophagan \Xy*loph"a*gan\, n. [See {Xylophagous}.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of a tribe of beetles whose larv[ae] bore or live in
wood.
(b) Any species of Xylophaga.
(c) Any one of the Xylophagides.
Xylophagides \Xy`lo*phag"i*des\, n. pl. [See {Xylophagous}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A tribe or family of dipterous flies whose larv[ae] live in
decayed wood. Some of the tropical species are very large.
Xylophagous \Xy*loph"a*gous\, a. [Gr. ? eating wood; xy`lon wood
+ ? to eat.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Eating, boring in, or destroying, wood; -- said
especially of certain insect larv[ae], crustaceans, and
mollusks.
(b) Of or pertaining to the genus Xylophaga.
Xylophilan \Xy*loph"i*lan\, n. [See {Xylophilous}.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of a tribe of beetles ({Xylophili}) whose larv[ae] live
on decayed wood.
Xylophilous \Xy*loph"i*lous\, a. [Xylo- + Gr. filei^n to love.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the xylophilans.
Xylophone \Xy"lo*phone\, n. [Xylo- + Gr. fwnh` sound.]
1. (Mus.) An instrument common among the Russians, Poles, and
Tartars, consisting of a series of strips of wood or glass
graduated in length to the musical scale, resting on belts
of straw, and struck with two small hammers. Called in
Germany {strohfiedel}, or {straw fiddle}.
2. An instrument to determine the vibrative properties of
different kinds of wood. --Knight.
Xyloplastic \Xy`lo*plas"tic\, a. [Xylo- + -plastic.] (Technol.)
Formed of wood pulp by molds; relating to casts made of wood
pulp in molds.
Xylopyrography \Xy`lo*py*rog"ra*phy\ n. [Xylo- + Gr. ?, ?, fire
+ -graphy.]
The art or practice of burning pictures on wood with a hot
iron; -- called also {poker painting}. See {Poker picture},
under {Poker}.
Xyloquinone \Xy`lo*qui"none\, n. [Xylene + quinone.] (Chem.)
Any one of a group of quinone compounds obtained respectively
by the oxidation of certain xylidine compounds. In general
they are yellow crystalline substances.
Xylorcin \Xy*lor"cin\, n. [Xylene + orcin.] (Chem.)
A derivative of xylene obtained as a white crystalline
substance which on exposure in the air becomes red; -- called
also {betaorcin}.
Xylostein \Xy*los"te*in\, n. [Xylo- + Gr. ? bone.] (Chem.)
A glucoside found in the poisonous berries of a species of
honeysuckle ({Lonicera xylosteum}), and extracted as a
bitter, white, crystalline substance.
Xylotile \Xy"lo*tile\, n.
Same as {Parkesine}.
Xylotrya \Xy*lo"try*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + ? to rub,
wear out.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of marine bivalves closely allied to Teredo, and
equally destructive to timber. One species ({Xylotrya
fimbriata}) is very common on the Atlantic coast of the
United States.
Xylyl \Xy"lyl\, n. [Xylo- + -yl.] (Chem.)
Any one of three metameric radicals which are characteristic
respectively of the three xylenes.
Xylylene \Xy"lyl*ene\, n. (Chem.)
Any one of three metameric radicals, {CH2.C6H4.CH2}, derived
respectively from the three xylenes. Often used adjectively;
as, xylylene alcohol.
Xyridaceous \Xyr`i*da"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to a natural order ({Xyride[ae]}) of
endogenous plants, of which Xyris is the type.
Xyris \Xy"ris\, n. [L., a kind of Iris, Gr. ?, fr. ? a razor.]
(Bot.)
A genus of endogenous herbs with grassy leaves and small
yellow flowers in short, scaly-bracted spikes; yellow-eyed
grass. There are about seventeen species in the Atlantic
United States.
Xyst \Xyst\, Xystus \Xys"tus\, n. [L. xystus, Gr. ?, from ? to
scrape, polish; -- so called from its smooth and polished
floor.] (Anc. Arch.)
A long and open portico, for athletic exercises, as
wrestling, running, etc., for use in winter or in stormy
weather.
Xystarch \Xyst"arch\, n. [L. xystarches, Gr. ?, ? a xyst + ? to
rule.] (Gr. Antiq.)
An office? having the superintendence of the xyst. --Dr. W.
Smith.
Xyster \Xys"ter\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. xysth`r a scraper.] (Surg.)
An instrument for scraping bones.
Y \Y\ (w[imac]).
Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, at the
beginning of a word or syllable, except when a prefix (see
Y-), is usually a fricative vocal consonant; as a prefix, and
usually in the middle or at the end of a syllable, it is a
vowel. See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 145, 178-9,
272.
Note: It derives its form from the Latin Y, which is from the
Greek [Upsilon], originally the same letter as V.
Etymologically, it is most nearly related to u, i, o,
and j. g; as in full, fill, AS. fyllan; E. crypt,
grotto; young, juvenile; day, AS. d[ae]g. See {U}, {I},
and {J}, {G}.
Note: Y has been called the Pythagorean letter, because the
Greek letter [Upsilon] was taken represent the sacred
triad, formed by the duad proceeding from the monad;
and also because it represents the dividing of the
paths of vice and virtue in the development of human
life.
Y \Y\ (w[imac]), n.; pl. {Y's} (w[imac]z) or {Ys}.
Something shaped like the letter Y; a forked piece resembling
in form the letter Y. Specifically:
(a) One of the forked holders for supporting the telescope of
a leveling instrument, or the axis of a theodolite; a
wye.
(b) A forked or bifurcated pipe fitting.
(c) (Railroads) A portion of track consisting of two
diverging tracks connected by a cross track.
{Y level} (Surv.), an instrument for measuring differences of
level by means of a telescope resting in Y's.
{Y moth} (Zo["o]l.), a handsome European noctuid moth {Plusia
gamma}) which has a bright, silvery mark, shaped like the
letter Y, on each of the fore wings. Its larva, which is
green with five dorsal white species, feeds on the
cabbage, turnip, bean, etc. Called also {gamma moth}, and
{silver Y}.
Y \Y\ ([imac]), pron.
I. [Obs.] --King Horn. Wyclif.
Y- \Y-\, or I- \I-\ . [OE. y-, i-, AS. ge-, akin to D. & G. ge-,
OHG. gi-, ga-, Goth. ga-, and perhaps to Latin con-;
originally meaning, together. Cf. {Com-}, {Aware}, {Enough},
{Handiwork}, {Ywis}.]
A prefix of obscure meaning, originally used with verbs,
adverbs, adjectives, nouns, and pronouns. In the Middle
English period, it was little employed except with verbs,
being chiefly used with past participles, though occasionally
with the infinitive Ycleped, or yclept, is perhaps the only
word not entirely obsolete which shows this use.
That no wight mighte it see neither yheere. --Chaucer.
Neither to ben yburied nor ybrent. --Chaucer.
Note: Some examples of Chaucer's use of this prefix are; ibe,
ibeen, icaught, ycome, ydo, idoon, ygo, iproved,
ywrought. It inough, enough, it is combined with an
adjective. Other examples are in the Vocabulary.
Spenser and later writers frequently employed this
prefix when affecting an archaic style, and sometimes
used it incorrectly.
Ya \Ya\ (y[aum]), adv.
Yea. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yacare \Yac"a*re`\ (y[a^]k"[.a]*r[=a]`), n. [See Jacare.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A South American crocodilian ({Jacare sclerops}) resembling
the alligator in size and habits. The eye orbits are
connected together, and surrounded by prominent bony ridges.
Called also {spectacled alligator}, and {spectacled cayman}.
[Written also {jacare}.]
Note: The name is also applied to allied species.
Yacca \Yac"ca\ (y[a^]k"k[.a]), n. (Bot.)
A West Indian name for two large timber trees ({Podocarpus
coriaceus}, and {P. Purdicanus}) of the Yew family. The wood,
which is much used, is pale brownish with darker streaks.
Yacht \Yacht\ (y[o^]t), n. [D. jagt, jacht; perhaps properly, a
chase, hunting, from. jagen to chase, hunt, akin to G. jagen,
OHG. jag[=o]n, of uncertain origin; or perhaps akin to OHG.
g[=a]hi quick, sudden (cf. {Gay}).] (Naut.)
A light and elegantly furnished vessel, used either for
private parties of pleasure, or as a vessel of state to
convey distinguished persons from one place to another; a
seagoing vessel used only for pleasure trips, racing, etc.
{Yacht measurement}. See the Note under {Tonnage}, 4.
Yacht \Yacht\, v. i.
To manage a yacht; to voyage in a yacht.
Yachter \Yacht"er\ (-[~e]r), n.
One engaged in sailing a jacht.
Yachting \Yacht"ing\, n.
Sailing for pleasure in a yacht.
Yachtman \Yacht"man\, n.
See {Yachtsman}.
Yachtsman \Yachts"man\, n.; pl. {Yachtsmen}.
One who owns or sails a yacht; a yachter.
Yaf \Yaf\, obs. imp. of {Give}. [AS. geaf, imp. of giefan to
give. See {Give}]
Gave. See {Give}. --Chaucer.
Yaffingale \Yaf"fin*gale\, n. [See {Yaffle}, and cf.
{Nightingale}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]
Yaffle \Yaf"fle\, n. [Probably imitative of its call or cry.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The European green woodpecker ({Picus, or Genius, viridis}).
It is noted for its loud laughlike note. Called also {eccle},
{hewhole}, {highhoe}, {laughing bird}, {popinjay}, {rain
bird}, {yaffil}, {yaffler}, {yaffingale}, {yappingale},
{yackel}, and {woodhack}.
Yager \Ya"ger\ (?; 277), n. [G. j["a]ger a hunter, from jagen to
chase, hunt.] (Mil.)
In the German army, one belonging to a body of light infantry
armed with rifles, resembling the chasseur of the French
army. [Written also {jager}.]
Yaguarundi \Ya`gua*run"di\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Jaguarondi}. [Written also {yaguarondi}, and
{yagouarondi}.]
Yajur-Veda \Yaj"ur-Ve"da\ (y[.a]j"[^u]r-v[=a]`d[.a] or
-v[=e]`d[.a]), n. [Skr. yajur-v[=e]da.]
See {Veda}.
Yak \Yak\ (y[a^]k), n. [Thibetan gyag.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bovine mammal ({Po["e]phagus grunnies}) native of the high
plains of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs,
and its flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair.
Its tail is long and bushy, often white, and is valued as an
ornament and for other purposes in India and China. There are
several domesticated varieties, some of which lack the mane
and the long hair on the flanks. Called also {chauri gua},
{grunting cow}, {grunting ox}, {sarlac}, {sarlik}, and
{sarluc}.
{Yak lace}, a coarse pillow lace made from the silky hair of
the yak.
Yakamilk \Yak"a*milk\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Trumpeter}, 3
(a) .
Yakare \Yak"a*re`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Yacare}.
Yakin \Ya"kin\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large Asiatic antelope ({Budorcas taxicolor}) native of the
higher parts of the Himalayas and other lofty mountains. Its
head and neck resemble those of the ox, and its tail is like
that of the goat. Called also {budorcas}.
Yakoots \Ya*koots"\, n. pl.; sing. {Yakoot}.
(Ethnol.) A nomadic Mongolian tribe native of Northern
Siberia, and supposed to be of Turkish stock. They are mainly
pastoral in their habits. [Written also {Yakuts}.]
Yaksha \Yak"sha\, n. [Skr.] (Hindoo Myth.)
A kind of demigod attendant on Kuvera, the god of wealth.
Yalah \Ya"lah\, n.
The oil of the mahwa tree.
Yam \Yam\ (y[a^]m), n. [Pg. inhame, probably from some native
name.] (Bot.)
A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of various climbing
plants of the genus {Dioscorea}; also, the plants themselves.
Mostly natives of warm climates. The plants have
netted-veined, petioled leaves, and pods with three broad
wings. The commonest species is {D. sativa}, but several
others are cultivated.
{Chinese yam}, a plant ({Dioscorea Batatas}) with a long and
slender tuber, hardier than most of the other species.
{Wild yam}.
(a) A common plant ({Dioscorea villosa}) of the Eastern
United States, having a hard and knotty rootstock.
(b) An orchidaceous plant ({Gastrodia sesamoides}) of
Australia and Tasmania.
Yama \Ya"ma\, n. [Skr. yama a twin.] (Hindoo Myth.)
The king of the infernal regions, corresponding to the Greek
Pluto, and also the judge of departed souls. In later times
he is more exclusively considered the dire judge of all, and
the tormentor of the wicked. He is represented as of a green
color, with red garments, having a crown on his head, his
eyes inflamed, and sitting on a buffalo, with a club and
noose in his hands.
Yamma \Yam"ma\, n. [See {Llama}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The llama.
Yamp \Yamp\, n. (Bot.)
An umbelliferous plant ({Carum Gairdneri}); also, its small
fleshy roots, which are eaten by the Indians from Idaho to
California.
Yang \Yang\, n. [Of imitative origin.]
The cry of the wild goose; a honk.
Yang \Yang\, v. i.
To make the cry of the wild goose.
Yank \Yank\, n. [Cf. Scot. yank a sudden and severe blow.]
A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. U. S.]
Yank \Yank\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Yanked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Yanking}.]
To twitch; to jerk. [Colloq. U. S.]
Yank \Yank\, n.
An abbreviation of {Yankee}. [Slang]
Yankee \Yan"kee\, n. [Commonly considered to be a corrupt
pronunciation of the word English, or of the French word
Anglais, by the native Indians of America. According to
Thierry, a corruption of Jankin, a diminutive of John, and a
nickname given to the English colonists of Connecticut by the
Dutch settlers of New York. Dr. W. Gordon (``Hist. of the
Amer. War,'' ed, 1789, vol. i., pp. 324, 325) says it was a
favorite cant word in Cambridge, Mass., as early as 1713, and
that it meant excellent; as, a yankee good horse, yankee good
cider, etc. Cf. Scot yankie a sharp, clever, and rather bold
woman, and Prov. E. bow-yankees a kind of leggins worn by
agricultural laborers.]
A nickname for a native or citizen of New England, especially
one descended from old New England stock; by extension, an
inhabitant of the Northern States as distinguished from a
Southerner; also, applied sometimes by foreigners to any
inhabitant of the United States.
From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose, And
still to meanness all his conduct flows. --Oppression,
A poem by an
American
(Boston,
1765).
Yankee \Yan"kee\, a.
Of or pertaining to a Yankee; characteristic of the Yankees.
The alertness of the Yankee aspect. --Hawthorne.
{Yankee clover}. (Bot.) See {Japan clover}, under {Japan}.
Yankee-Doodle \Yan`kee-Doo"dle\, n.
1. The name of a tune adopted popularly as one of the
national airs of the United States.
2. Humorously, a Yankee.
We might have withheld our political noodles From
knocking their heads against hot Yankee-Doodles.
--Moore.
Yankeeism \Yan"kee*ism\, n.
A Yankee idiom, word, custom, or the like. --Lowell.
Yaourt \Yaourt\, n. [Turk. yoghurt.]
A fermented drink, or milk beer, made by the Turks.
Yap \Yap\, v. i. [Icel. gj[=a]lpa; akin to yelp. Cf. {Yaup}.]
To bark; to yelp. --L'Estrange.
Yap \Yap\, n.
A bark; a yelp.
Yapock \Ya"pock\ (?; 277), n. [Probably from the river Oyapok,
between French Guiana and Brazil.] (Zo["o]l.)
A South American aquatic opossum ({Chironectes variegatus})
found in Guiana and Brazil. Its hind feet are webbed, and its
fore feet do not have an opposable thumb for climbing. Called
also {water opossum}. [Written also {yapack}.]
Yapon \Ya"pon\ (?; 277), n. (Bot.)
Same as {Yaupon}.
Yarage \Yar"age\ (?; 48), n. [See {Yare}, a.] (Naut.)
The power of moving, or being managed, at sea; -- said with
reference to a ship. --Sir T. North.
Yard \Yard\, n. [OE. yerd, AS. gierd, gyrd, a rod, stick, a
measure, a yard; akin to OFries. ierde, OS. gerda, D. garde,
G. gerte, OHG. gartia, gerta, gart, Icel. gaddr a goad,
sting, Goth. gazds, and probably to L. hasta a spear. Cf.
{Gad}, n., {Gird}, n., {Gride}, v. i., {Hastate}.]
1. A rod; a stick; a staff. [Obs.] --P. Plowman.
If men smote it with a yerde. --Chaucer.
2. A branch; a twig. [Obs.]
The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain Destroyed
hath the green in every yerd. --Chaucer.
3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc. [Obs.]
4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or thirty-six
inches, being the standard of English and American
measure.
5. The penis.
6. (Naut.) A long piece of timber, nearly cylindrical,
tapering toward the ends, and designed to support and
extend a square sail. A yard is usually hung by the center
to the mast. See Illust. of {Ship}.
{Golden Yard}, or {Yard and Ell} (Astron.), a popular name of
the three stars in the belt of Orion.
{Under yard} [i. e., under the rod], under contract. [Obs.]
--Chaucer.
Yard \Yard\, n. [OE. yard, yerd, AS. geard; akin to OFries.
garda garden, OS. gardo garden, gard yard, D. gaard garden,
G. garten, OHG. garto garden, gari inclosure, Icel. gar[eth]r
yard, house, Sw. g[*a]rd, Dan. gaard, Goth. gards a house,
garda sheepfold, L. hortus garden, Gr. cho`rtos an inclosure.
Cf. {Court}, {Garden}, {Garth}, {Horticulture}, {Orchard}.]
1. An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in front of,
or around, a house or barn; as, a courtyard; a cowyard; a
barnyard.
A yard . . . inclosed all about with sticks In which
she had a cock, hight chanticleer. --Chaucer.
2. An inclosure within which any work or business is carried
on; as, a dockyard; a shipyard.
{Liberty of the yard}, a liberty, granted to persons
imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any
other limits prescribed by law, on their giving bond not
to go beyond those limits.
{Prison yard}, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to
it.
{Yard grass} (Bot.), a low-growing grass ({Eleusine Indica})
having digitate spikes. It is common in dooryards, and
like places, especially in the Southern United States.
Called also {crab grass}.
{Yard of land}. See {Yardland}.
Yard \Yard\, v. t.
To confine (cattle) to the yard; to shut up, or keep, in a
yard; as, to yard cows.
Yardarm \Yard"arm`\, n. (Naut.)
Either half of a square-rigged vessel's yard, from the center
or mast to the end.
Note: Ships are said to be yardarm and yardarm when so near
as to touch, or interlock yards.
Yardful \Yard"ful\, n.; pl. {Yardfuls}.
As much as a yard will contain; enough to fill a yard.
Yardland \Yard"land`\, n. (O. Eng. Law)
A measure of land of uncertain quantity, varying from fifteen
to forty acres; a virgate. [Obs.]
Yardstick \Yard"stick`\, n.
A stick three feet, or a yard, in length, used as a measure
of cloth, etc.
Yardwand \Yard"wand`\, n.
A yardstick. --Tennyson.
Yare \Yare\, a. [OE. yare, [yogh]aru, AS. gearu; akin to OS.
garu, OHG. garo, G. gar, Icel. gerr perfect, g["o]rva quite,
G. gerben to tan, to curry, OHG. garawen, garwen, to make
ready. Cf. {Carouse}, {Garb} clothing, {Gear}, n.]
Ready; dexterous; eager; lively; quick to move. [Obs.] ``Be
yare in thy preparation.'' --Shak.
The lesser [ship] will come and go, leave or take, and
is yare; whereas the greater is slow. --Sir W.
Raleigh.
Yare \Yare\, adv.
Soon. [Obs.] --Cursor Mundi.
Yarely \Yare"ly\, adv.
In a yare manner. [Obs.] --Shak.
Yark \Yark\, v. t. & i.
To yerk. [Prov. Eng.]
Yarke \Yar"ke\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Saki}.
Yarn \Yarn\, n. [OE. yarn, [yogh]arn, AS. gearn; akin to D.
garen, G., OHG., Icel., Sw., & Dan. garn; of uncertain
origin. Cf. {Cord}.]
1. Spun wool; woolen thread; also, thread of other material,
as of cotton, flax, hemp, or silk; material spun and
prepared for use in weaving, knitting, manufacturing
sewing thread, or the like.
2. (Rope Making) One of the threads of which the strands of a
rope are composed.
3. A story told by a sailor for the amusement of his
companions; a story or tale; as, to spin a yarn. [Colloq.]
Yarnen \Yarn"en\, a.
Made of yarn; consisting of yarn. [Obs.] ``A pair of yarnen
stocks.'' --Turbervile.
Yarnut \Yar"nut`\, n. (Bot.)
See {Yernut}.
Yarr \Yarr\, v. i. [OE. [yogh]arren.]
To growl or snarl as a dog. [Obs.] --Ainsworth.
Yarrish \Yar"rish\, a. [Prov. E. yar sour, yare brackish.]
Having a rough, dry taste. [Prov. Eng.]
Yarrow \Yar"row\, n. [OE. yarowe, yarwe, [yogh]arowe, AS.
gearwe; akin to D. gerw, OHG. garwa, garawa, G. garbe,
schafgarbe, and perhaps to E. yare.] (Bot.)
An American and European composite plant ({Achillea
Millefolium}) with very finely dissected leaves and small
white corymbed flowers. It has a strong, and somewhat
aromatic, odor and taste, and is sometimes used in making
beer, or is dried for smoking. Called also {milfoil}, and
{nosebleed}.
Yarwhip \Yar"whip`\, n. [So called from its sharp cry uttered
when taking wing.] (Zo["o]l.)
The European bar-tailed godwit; -- called also {yardkeep},
and yarwhelp. See {Godwit}. [Prov. Eng.]
Yataghan \Yat"a*ghan\, n. [Turk. y[=a]t[=a]gh[=a]n.]
A long knife, or short saber, common among Mohammedan
nations, usually having a double curve, sometimes nearly
straight. [Written also {ataghan}, {attaghan}.] --Chaucer.
Yate \Yate\, n.
A gate. See 1st {Gate}. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] --Spenser.
Yaud \Yaud\, n.
See {Yawd}. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Yaul \Yaul\, n. (Naut.)
See {Yawl}.
Yaulp \Yaulp\, v. i.
To yaup.
Yaup \Yaup\, v. i. [See {Yap}, and {Yelp}.]
To cry out like a child; to yelp. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
[Written also {yawp}.]
Yaup \Yaup\, n. [Written also yawp.]
1. A cry of distress, rage, or the like, as the cry of a
sickly bird, or of a child in pain. [Scot. & Colloq. U.
S.]
2. (Zo["o]l.) The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Yauper \Yaup"er\, n.
One who, or that which, yaups.
Yaupon \Yau"pon\, n. (Bot.)
A shrub ({Ilex Cassine}) of the Holly family, native from
Virginia to Florida. The smooth elliptical leaves are used as
a substitute for tea, and were formerly used in preparing the
black drink of the Indians of North Carolina. Called also
{South-Sea tea}. [Written also {yapon}, {youpon}, and
{yupon}.]
Yaw \Yaw\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Yawed}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Yawing}.] [Cf. {Yew}, v. i.]
To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as cane juice
in the clarifiers in sugar works.
Yaw \Yaw\, v. i. & t. [Cf. Prov. G. gagen to rock, gageln to
totter, shake, Norw. gaga to bend backward, Icel. gagr bent
back, gaga to throw the neck back.] (Naut.)
To steer wild, or out of the line of her course; to deviate
from her course, as when struck by a heavy sea; -- said of a
ship.
Just as he would lay the ship's course, all yawing
being out of the question. --Lowell.
Yaw \Yaw\, n. (Naut.)
A movement of a vessel by which she temporarily alters her
course; a deviation from a straight course in steering.
Yawd \Yawd\, n. [Cf. Icel. jalda a mare, E. jade a nag.]
A jade; an old horse or mare. [Written also {yaud}.] [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.] --Grose.
Yawl \Yawl\, n. [D. jol; akin to LG. & Dan. jolle, Sw. julle.
Cf. {Jolly-boat}.] (Naut.)
A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or six oars.
[Written also {yaul}.]
Yawl \Yawl\, v. i. [OE. [yogh]aulen, [yogh]oulen, gaulen,
goulen, Icel. gaula to low, bellow. Cf. {Gowl}.]
To cry out like a dog or cat; to howl; to yell. --Tennyson.
There howling Scyllas yawling round about. --Fairfax.
Yawl-rigged \Yawl"-rigged"\, a. (Naut.)
Having two masts with fore-and-aft sails, but differing from
a schooner in that the after mast is very small, and stepped
as far aft as possible. See Illustration in Appendix.
Yawn \Yawn\ (y[add]n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Yawned}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Yawning}.] [OE. yanien, [yogh]anien, ganien, gonien,
AS. g[=a]nian; akin to ginian to yawn, g[=i]nan to yawn, open
wide, G. g["a]hnen to yawn, OHG. gin[=e]n, gein[=o]n, Icel.
g[=i]na to yawn, gin the mouth, OSlav. zijati to yawn, L.
hiare to gape, yawn; and perhaps to E. begin, cf. Gr. cheia`
a hole. [root]47b. Cf. Begin, Gin to begin, {Hiatus}.]
1. To open the mouth involuntarily through drowsiness,
dullness, or fatigue; to gape; to oscitate. ``The lazy,
yawning drone.'' --Shak.
And while above he spends his breath, The yawning
audience nod beneath. --Trumbull.
2. To open wide; to gape, as if to allow the entrance or exit
of anything.
't is now the very witching time of night, When
churchyards yawn. --Shak.
3. To open the mouth, or to gape, through surprise or
bewilderment. --Shak.
4. To be eager; to desire to swallow anything; to express
desire by yawning; as, to yawn for fat livings. ``One
long, yawning gaze.'' --Landor.
Yawn \Yawn\, n.
1. An involuntary act, excited by drowsiness, etc.,
consisting of a deep and long inspiration following
several successive attempts at inspiration, the mouth,
fauces, etc., being wide open.
One person yawning in company will produce a
spontaneous yawn in all present. --N. Chipman.
2. The act of opening wide, or of gaping. --Addison.
3. A chasm, mouth, or passageway. [R.]
Now gape the graves, and trough their yawns let
loose Imprisoned spirits. --Marston.
Yawningly \Yawn"ing*ly\, adv.
In a yawning manner.
Yawp \Yawp\, v. & n.
See {Yaup}.
Yaws \Yaws\, n. [African yaw a raspberry.] (Med.)
A disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa,
characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, of a contagious
character, which, in shape and appearance, often resemble
currants, strawberries, or raspberries. There are several
varieties of this disease, variously known as {framb[oe]sia},
{pian}, {verrugas}, and {crab-yaws}.
Yaw-weed \Yaw"-weed`\, n. (Bot.)
A low, shrubby, rubiaceous plant ({Morinda Royoc}) growing
along the seacoast of the West Indies. It has small, white,
odorous flowers.
Ybe \Y*be"\, obs. p. p. of {Be}.
Been. --Chaucer.
Ycleped \Y*cleped"\, p. p. [AS. geclipod, p. p. of clipian,
cleopian, cliopian, to call. See {Clepe}, and also the Note
under {Y-}.]
Called; named; -- obsolete, except in archaic or humorous
writings. [Spelt also {yclept}.]
It is full fair to ben yclept madame. --Chaucer.
But come, thou goddess fair and free. In heaven ycleped
Euphrosyne. --Milton.
Those charming little missives ycleped valentines.
--Lamb.
Ydo \Y*do"\, obs. p. p. of {Do}.
Done. --Chaucer.
Ydrad \Y*drad"\, obs. p. p. of {Dread}.
Dreaded.
Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad.
--Spenser.
Y^{e},
Ye \Ye\ ([th][=e]),
an old method of printing the article the (AS. [thorn]e), the
``y'' being used in place of the Anglo-Saxon thorn ([thorn]).
It is sometimes incorrectly pronounced y[=e]. See {The}, and
{Thorn}, n., 4.
Ye \Y"["e]\ ([=e]"e), n.; pl. {Y["e]n} ([=e]"en).
An eye. [Obs.]
From his y["e]n ran the water down. --Chaucer.
Ye \Ye\ (y[=e]), pron. [OE. ye, [yogh]e, nom. pl., AS. ge,
g[imac]; cf. OS. ge, g[=i], OFries. g[=i], [=i], D. gij, Dan.
& Sw. i, Icel. [=e]r, OHG. ir, G. ihr, Goth. jus, Lith. jus,
Gr. "ymei^s, Skr. yuyam. [root]189.]
The plural of the pronoun of the second person in the
nominative case.
Ye ben to me right welcome heartily. --Chaucer.
But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. --1 Cor. vi.
11.
This would cost you your life in case ye were a man.
--Udall.
Note: In Old English ye was used only as a nominative, and
you only as a dative or objective. In the 16th century,
however, ye and you became confused and were often used
interchangeably, both as nominatives and objectives,
and you has now superseded ye except in solemn or
poetic use. See {You}, and also the first Note under
{Thou}.
Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye.
--Shak.
I come, kind gentlemen, strange news to tell ye.
--Dryden.
Ye \Ye\ (y[=a]), adv. [See {Yea}.]
Yea; yes. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yea \Yea\ (y[=a] or y[=e]; 277), adv. [OE. ye, ya, [yogh]e,
[yogh]a, AS. ge['a]; akin to OFries. g[=e], i[=e], OS., D.,
OHG., G., Dan. & Sw. ja, Icel, j[=a], Goth. ja, jai, and
probably to Gr. "h^ truly, verily. [root]188. Cf. {Yes}.]
1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or
an affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by
yes. See {Yes}.
Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay.
--Matt. v. 37.
2. More than this; not only so, but; -- used to mark the
addition of a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf.
{Nay}, adv., 2.
I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice. --Phil.
i. 18.
Note: Yea sometimes introduces a clause, with the sense of
indeed, verily, truly. ``Yea, hath God said, Ye shall
not eat of every tree of the garden?'' --Gen. iii. 1.
Yea \Yea\, n.
An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, a
vote by yeas and nays.
Note: In the Scriptures, yea is used as a sign of certainty
or stability. ``All the promises of God in him are yea,
and in him Amen.'' --2 Cor. i. 20.
Yead \Yead\, v. i.
Properly, a variant of the defective imperfect yode, but
sometimes mistaken for a present. See the Note under {Yede}.
[Obs.]
Years yead away and faces fair deflower. --Drant.
Yean \Yean\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Yeaned}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Yeaning}.] [AS. e['a]nian, or gee['a]nian; perhaps akin to
E. ewe, or perhaps to L. agnus, Gr. ?. Cf. {Ean}.]
To bring forth young, as a goat or a sheep; to ean. --Shak.
Yeanling \Yean"ling\, n. [Yean + -ling. Cf. {Eanling}.]
A lamb or a kid; an eanling. --Shak.
Year \Year\, n. [OE. yer, yeer, [yogh]er, AS. ge['a]r; akin to
OFries. i?r, g?r, D. jaar, OHG. j[=a]r, G. jahr, Icel. [=a]r,
Dan. aar, Sw. [*a]r, Goth. j?r, Gr. ? a season of the year,
springtime, a part of the day, an hour, ? a year, Zend
y[=a]re year. [root]4, 279. Cf. {Hour}, {Yore}.]
1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the
ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its
revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year;
also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this,
adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and
called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354
days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360
days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days,
and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of
366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on
account of the excess above 365 days (see {Bissextile}).
Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. --Chaucer.
Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly
commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued
throughout the British dominions till the year 1752.
2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about
the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.
3. pl. Age, or old age; as, a man in years. --Shak.
{Anomalistic year}, the time of the earth's revolution from
perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6
hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds.
{A year's mind} (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased
person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. {A
month's mind}, under {Month}.
{Bissextile year}. See {Bissextile}.
{Canicular year}. See under {Canicular}.
{Civil year}, the year adopted by any nation for the
computation of time.
{Common lunar year}, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354
days.
{Common year}, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from
leap year.
{Embolismic year}, or {Intercalary lunar year}, the period of
13 lunar months, or 384 days.
{Fiscal year} (Com.), the year by which accounts are
reckoned, or the year between one annual time of
settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another.
{Great year}. See {Platonic year}, under {Platonic}.
{Gregorian year}, {Julian year}. See under {Gregorian}, and
{Julian}.
{Leap year}. See {Leap year}, in the Vocabulary.
{Lunar astronomical year}, the period of 12 lunar synodical
months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds.
{Lunisolar year}. See under {Lunisolar}.
{Periodical year}. See {Anomalistic year}, above.
{Platonic year}, {Sabbatical year}. See under {Platonic}, and
{Sabbatical}.
{Sidereal year}, the time in which the sun, departing from
any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6
hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds.
{Tropical year}. See under {Tropical}.
{Year and a day} (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an
act or an event, in order that an entire year might be
secured beyond all question. --Abbott.
{Year of grace}, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini;
A. D. or a. d.
Yeara \Ye*a"ra\, n. (Bot.)
The California poison oak ({Rhus diversiloba}). See under
{Poison}, a.
Yearbook \Year"book`\, n.
1. A book published yearly; any annual report or summary of
the statistics or facts of a year, designed to be used as
a reference book; as, the Congregational Yearbook.
2. (Eng. Law) A book containing annual reports of cases
adjudged in the courts of England.
Note: The Yearbooks are the oldest English reports extant,
beginning with the reign of Edward II., and ending with
the reign of Henry VIII. They were published annually,
and derive their name from that fact. They consist of
eleven parts, or volumes, are written in Law French,
and extend over nearly two hundred years. There are,
however, several hiatuses, or chasms, in the series.
--Kent. --Bouvier.
Yeared \Yeared\, a.
Containing years; having existed or continued many years;
aged. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Yearling \Year"ling\, n. [Year + -ling.]
An animal one year old, or in the second year of its age; --
applied chiefly to cattle, sheep, and horses.
Yearling \Year"ling\, a.
Being a year old. ``A yearling bullock to thy name small
smoke.'' --Pope.
Yearly \Year"ly\, a. [AS. ge['a]rlic.]
1. Happening, accruing, or coming every year; annual; as, a
yearly income; a yearly feast.
2. Lasting a year; as, a yearly plant.
3. Accomplished in a year; as, the yearly circuit, or
revolution, of the earth. --Shak.
Yearly \Year"ly\, adv. [AS. ge['a]rlice.]
Annually; once a year to year; as, blessings yearly bestowed.
Yearly will I do this rite. --Shak.
Yearn \Yearn\ (y[~e]rn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Yearned}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Yearning}.] [Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of
OE. ermen to grieve, AS. ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman,
fr. earm wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. arm, Icel. armr,
Goth. arms. The y- in English is perhaps due to the AS. ge
(see {Y-}).]
To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Obs.] ``She laments, sir, for
it, that it would yearn your heart to see it.'' --Shak.
It yearns me not if men my garments wear. --Shak.
Yearn \Yearn\, v. i.
To be pained or distressed; to grieve; to mourn. [Obs.]
``Falstaff he is dead, and we must yearn therefore.'' --Shak.
Yearn \Yearn\, v. i. & t. [See {Yearnings}.]
To curdle, as milk. [Scot.]
Yearn \Yearn\, v. i. [OE. yernen, [yogh]ernen, [yogh]eornen, AS.
geornian, gyrnan, fr. georn desirous, eager; akin to OS. gern
desirous, girnean, gernean, to desire, D. gaarne gladly,
willingly, G. gern, OHG. gerno, adv., gern, a., G. gier
greed, OHG. gir[=i] greed, ger desirous, ger[=o]n to desire,
G. begehren, Icel. girna to desire, gjarn eager, Goth.
fa['i]huga['i]rns covetous, ga['i]rnjan to desire, and
perhaps to Gr. chai`rein to rejoice, be glad, Skr. hary to
desire, to like. [root]33.]
To be filled with longing desire; to be harassed or rendered
uneasy with longing, or feeling the want of a thing; to
strain with emotions of affection or tenderness; to long; to
be eager.
Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his
brother; and he sought where to weep. --Gen. xliii.
30.
Your mother's heart yearns towards you. --Addison.
Yearnful \Yearn"ful\, a. [OE. [yogh]eornful, AS. geornfull.]
Desirous. [Obs.] --Ormulum. P. Fletcher.
Yearningly \Yearn"ing*ly\, adv.
With yearning.
Yearnings \Yearn"ings\, n. pl. [Cf. AS. geirnan, geyrnan, to
rum. See 4th {Earn}.]
The maws, or stomachs, of young calves, used as a rennet for
curdling milk. [Scot.]
Yearth \Yearth\, n.
The earth. [Obs.] ``Is my son dead or hurt or on the yerthe
felled?'' --Ld. Berners.
Yeast \Yeast\, n. [OE. [yogh]eest, [yogh]est, AS. gist; akin to
D. gest, gist, G. gischt, g["a]scht, OHG. jesan, jerian, to
ferment, G. gischen, g["a]schen, g["a]hren, Gr. ? boiled,
zei^n to boil, Skr. yas. [root]111.]
1. The foam, or troth (top yeast), or the sediment (bottom
yeast), of beer or other in fermentation, which contains
the yeast plant or its spores, and under certain
conditions produces fermentation in saccharine or
farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising
dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy;
barm; ferment.
2. Spume, or foam, of water.
They melt thy yeast of waves, which mar Alike the
Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar. --Byron.
{Yeast cake}, a mealy cake impregnated with the live germs of
the yeast plant, and used as a conveniently transportable
substitute for yeast.
{Yeast plant} (Bot.), the vegetable organism, or fungus, of
which beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed of
simple cells, or granules, about one three-thousandth of
an inch in diameter, often united into filaments which
reproduce by budding, and under certain circumstances by
the formation of spores. The name is extended to other
ferments of the same genus. See {Saccharomyces}.
{Yeast powder}, a baling powder, -- used instead of yeast in
leavening bread.
Yeast-bitten \Yeast"-bit`ten\, a. (Brewing)
A term used of beer when the froth of the yeast has
re["e]ntered the body of the beer.
Yeastiness \Yeast"i*ness\, n.
The quality or state of being yeasty, or frothy.
Yeasty \Yeast"y\, a.
Frothy; foamy; spumy, like yeast.
Yedding \Yed"ding\, n. [AS. geddung, gidding, giedding, from
gieddian, giddian, to sing, speak.]
The song of a minstrel; hence, any song. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yede \Yede\, obs. imp.
Went. See {Yode}.
All as he bade fulfilled was indeed This ilke servant
anon right out yede. --Chaucer.
Note: Spenser and some later writers mistook this for a
present of the defective imperfect yode. It is,
however, only a variant of yode. See {Yode}, and cf.
{Yead}.
[He] on foot was forced for to yeed. --Spenser
Yeel \Yeel\, n.
An eel. [Obs.] --Holland.
Yeldhall \Yeld"hall`\, n.
Guildhall. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yeldrin \Yel"drin\or Yeldrine \Yel"drine\, n. [Cf. {Yellow}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The yellow-hammer; -- called also {yeldrock}, and {yoldrin}.
[Prov. Eng.]
Yelk \Yelk\, n.
Same as {Yolk}.
Yell \Yell\ (y[e^]l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Yelled}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Yelling}.] [OE. yellen, [yogh]ellen, AS. giellan, gillan,
gyllan; akin to D. gillen, OHG. gellan, G. gellen, Icel.
gjalla, Sw. g["a]lla to ring, resound, and to AS., OS., &
OHG. galan to sing, Icel. gala. Cf. 1st {Gale}, and
{Nightingale}.]
To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream
as with agony or horror.
They yelleden as feendes doon in helle. --Chaucer.
Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells.
--Spenser.
Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round Environed
thee; some howled, some yelled. --Milton.
Yell \Yell\, v. t.
To utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone.
--Shak.
Yell \Yell\, n.
A sharp, loud, hideous outcry.
Their hideous yells Rend the dark welkin. --J. Philips.
Yellow \Yel"low\, a. [Compar. {Yellower}; superl. {Yellowest}.]
[OE. yelow, yelwe, [yogh]elow, [yogh]eoluw, from AS. geolu;
akin to D. geel, OS. & OHG. gelo, G. gelb, Icel. gulr, Sw.
gul, Dan. guul, L. helvus light bay, Gr. ? young verdure, ?
greenish yellow, Skr. hari tawny, yellowish. ???. Cf.
{Chlorine}, {Gall} a bitter liquid, {Gold}, {Yolk}.]
Being of a bright saffronlike color; of the color of gold or
brass; having the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the
solar spectrum, which is between the orange and the green.
Her yellow hair was browded [braided] in a tress.
--Chaucer.
A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought First fruits,
the green ear and the yellow sheaf. --Milton.
The line of yellow light dies fast away. --Keble.
{Yellow atrophy} (Med.), a fatal affection of the liver, in
which it undergoes fatty degeneration, and becomes rapidly
smaller and of a deep yellow tinge. The marked symptoms
are black vomit, delirium, convulsions, coma, and
jaundice.
{Yellow bark}, calisaya bark.
{Yellow bass} (Zo["o]l.), a North American fresh-water bass
({Morone interrupta}) native of the lower parts of the
Mississippi and its tributaries. It is yellow, with
several more or less broken black stripes or bars. Called
also {barfish}.
{Yellow berry}. (Bot.) Same as {Persian berry}, under
{Persian}.
{Yellow boy}, a gold coin, as a guinea. [Slang] --Arbuthnot.
{Yellow brier}. (Bot.) See under {Brier}.
{Yellow bugle} (Bot.), a European labiate plant ({Ajuga
Cham[ae]pitys}).
{Yellow bunting} (Zo["o]l.), the European yellow-hammer.
{Yellow cat} (Zo["o]l.), a yellow catfish; especially, the
bashaw.
{Yellow copperas} (Min.), a hydrous sulphate of iron; --
called also {copiapite}.
{Yellow copper ore}, a sulphide of copper and iron; copper
pyrites. See {Chalcopyrite}.
{Yellow cress} (Bot.), a yellow-flowered, cruciferous plant
({Barbarea pr[ae]cox}), sometimes grown as a salad plant.
{Yellow dock}. (Bot.) See the Note under {Dock}.
{Yellow earth}, a yellowish clay, colored by iron, sometimes
used as a yellow pigment.
{Yellow fever} (Med.), a malignant, contagious, febrile
disease of warm climates, attended with jaundice,
producing a yellow color of the skin, and with the black
vomit. See {Black vomit}, in the Vocabulary.
{Yellow flag}, the quarantine flag. See under {Quarantine},
and 3d {Flag}.
{Yellow jack}.
(a) The yellow fever. See under 2d {Jack}.
(b) The quarantine flag. See under {Quarantine}.
{Yellow jacket} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
American social wasps of the genus {Vespa}, in which the
color of the body is partly bright yellow. These wasps are
noted for their irritability, and for their painful
stings.
{Yellow lead ore} (Min.), wulfenite.
{Yellow lemur} (Zo["o]l.), the kinkajou.
{Yellow macauco} (Zo["o]l.), the kinkajou.
{Yellow mackerel} (Zo["o]l.), the jurel.
{Yellow metal}. Same as {Muntz metal}, under {Metal}.
{Yellow ocher} (Min.), an impure, earthy variety of brown
iron ore, which is used as a pigment.
{Yellow oxeye} (Bot.), a yellow-flowered plant
({Chrysanthemum segetum}) closely related to the oxeye
daisy.
{Yellow perch} (Zo["o]l.), the common American perch. See
{Perch}.
{Yellow pike} (Zo["o]l.), the wall-eye.
{Yellow pine} (Bot.), any of several kinds of pine; also,
their yellowish and generally durable timber. Among the
most common are valuable species are {Pinus mitis} and {P.
palustris} of the Eastern and Southern States, and {P.
ponderosa} and {P. Arizonica} of the Rocky Mountains and
Pacific States.
{Yellow plover} (Zo["o]l.), the golden plover.
{Yellow precipitate} (Med. Chem.), an oxide of mercury which
is thrown down as an amorphous yellow powder on adding
corrosive sublimate to limewater.
{Yellow puccoon}. (Bot.) Same as {Orangeroot}.
{Yellow rail} (Zo["o]l.), a small American rail ({Porzana
Noveboracensis}) in which the lower parts are dull yellow,
darkest on the breast. The back is streaked with brownish
yellow and with black, and spotted with white. Called also
{yellow crake}.
{Yellow rattle}, {Yellow rocket}. (Bot.) See under {Rattle},
and {Rocket}.
{Yellow Sally} (Zo["o]l.), a greenish or yellowish European
stone fly of the genus {Chloroperla}; -- so called by
anglers.
{Yellow sculpin} (Zo["o]l.), the dragonet.
{Yellow snake} (Zo["o]l.), a West Indian boa ({Chilobothrus
inornatus}) common in Jamaica. It becomes from eight to
ten long. The body is yellowish or yellowish green, mixed
with black, and anteriorly with black lines.
{Yellow spot}.
(a) (Anat.) A small yellowish spot with a central pit, the
fovea centralis, in the center of the retina where vision
is most accurate. See {Eye}.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) A small American butterfly ({Polites Peckius})
of the Skipper family. Its wings are brownish, with a
large, irregular, bright yellow spot on each of the hind
wings, most conspicuous beneath. Called also {Peck's
skipper}. See Illust. under {Skipper}, n., 5.
{Yellow tit} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
crested titmice of the genus {Machlolophus}, native of
India. The predominating colors of the plumage are yellow
and green.
{Yellow viper} (Zo["o]l.), the fer-de-lance.
{Yellow warbler} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
American warblers of the genus {Dendroica} in which the
predominant color is yellow, especially {D. [ae]stiva},
which is a very abundant and familiar species; -- called
also {garden warbler}, {golden warbler}, {summer
yellowbird}, {summer warbler}, and {yellow-poll warbler}.
{Yellow wash} (Pharm.), yellow oxide of mercury suspended in
water, -- a mixture prepared by adding corrosive sublimate
to limewater.
{Yellow wren} (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The European willow warbler.
(b) The European wood warbler.
Yellow \Yel"low\, n.
1. A bright golden color, reflecting more light than any
other except white; the color of that part of the spectrum
which is between the orange and green. ``A long motley
coat guarded with yellow.'' --Shak.
2. A yellow pigment.
{Cadmium yellow}, {Chrome yellow}, {Indigo yellow}, {King's
yellow}, etc. See under {Cadmium}, {Chrome}, etc.
{Naples yellow}, a yellow amorphous pigment, used in oil,
porcelain, and enamel painting, consisting of a basic lead
metantimonate, obtained by fusing together tartar emetic
lead nitrate, and common salt.
{Patent yellow} (Old Chem.), a yellow pigment consisting
essentially of a lead oxychloride; -- called also
{Turner's yellow}.
Yellow \Yel"low\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Yellowed}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Yellowing}.]
To make yellow; to cause to have a yellow tinge or color; to
dye yellow.
Yellow \Yel"low\, v. i.
To become yellow or yellower.
Yellowammer \Yel"low*am`mer\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Yellow-hammer}.
Yellowbill \Yel"low*bill`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The American scoter.
Yellowbird \Yel"low*bird`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The American goldfinch, or thistle bird. See {Goldfinch}.
(b) The common yellow warbler; -- called also {summer
yellowbird}. See Illust. of {Yellow warbler}, under
{Yellow}, a.
Yellow-covered \Yel"low-cov`ered\, a.
Covered or bound in yellow paper.
{Yellow-covered literature}, cheap sensational novels and
trashy magazines; -- formerly so called from the usual
color of their covers. [Colloq. U. S.] --Bartlett.
Yellow-eyed \Yel"low-eyed`\, a.
Having yellow eyes.
{Yellow-eyed grass} (Bot.), any plant of the genus Xyris.
Yellowfin \Yel"low*fin`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large squeteague.
Yellowfish \Yel"low*fish`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A rock trout ({Pleurogrammus monopterygius}) found on the
coast of Alaska; -- called also {striped fish}, and {Atka
mackerel}.
Yellow-golds \Yel"low-golds`\, n. (Bot.)
A certain plant, probably the yellow oxeye. --B. Jonson.
Yellowhammer \Yel"low*ham`mer\, n. [For yellow-ammer, where
ammer is fr. AS. amore a kind of bird; akin to G. ammer a
yellow-hammer, OHG. amero.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A common European finch ({Emberiza citrinella}). The
color of the male is bright yellow on the breast, neck,
and sides of the head, with the back yellow and brown,
and the top of the head and the tail quills blackish.
Called also {yellow bunting}, {scribbling lark}, and
{writing lark}. [Written also {yellow-ammer}.]
(b) The flicker. [Local, U. S.]
Yellowing \Yel"low*ing\, n.
The act or process of making yellow.
Softened . . . by the yellowing which time has given.
--G. Eliot.
Yellowish \Yel"low*ish\, a.
Somewhat yellow; as, amber is of a yellowish color. --
{Yel"low*ish*ness}, n.
Yellowlegs \Yel"low*legs`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of long-legged sandpipers of the
genus {Totanus}, in which the legs are bright yellow; --
called also {stone snipe}, {tattler}, {telltale},
{yellowshanks}; and {yellowshins}. See {Tattler}, 2.
Yellowness \Yel"low*ness\, n.
1. The quality or state of being yellow; as, the yellowness
of an orange.
2. Jealousy. [Obs.]
I will possess him with yellowness. --Shak.
Yellowroot \Yel"low*root`\, n. (Bot.)
Any one of several plants with yellow roots. Specifically:
(a) See {Xanthorhiza}.
(b) Same as {Orangeroot}.
Yellows \Yel"lows\, n.
1. (Far.) A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep,
causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice.
His horse . . . sped with spavins, rayed with the
yellows. --Shak.
2. (Bot.) A disease of plants, esp. of peach trees, in which
the leaves turn to a yellowish color; jeterus.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A group of butterflies in which the
predominating color is yellow. It includes the common
small yellow butterflies. Called also {redhorns}, and
{sulphurs}. See {Sulphur}.
Yellowseed \Yel"low*seed`\, n. (Bot.)
A kind of pepper grass ({Lepidium campestre}).
Yellowshanks \Yel"low*shanks`\, Yellowshins \Yel"low*shins`\, n.
(Zo["o]l.)
See {Yellolegs}.
Yellowtail \Yel"low*tail`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of marine carangoid fishes of
the genus {Seriola}; especially, the large California
species ({S. dorsalis}) which sometimes weighs thirty or
forty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish; --
called also {cavasina}, and {white salmon}.
(b) The mademoiselle, or silver perch.
(c) The menhaden.
(d) The runner, 12.
(e) A California rockfish ({Sebastodes flavidus}).
(f) The sailor's choice ({Diplodus rhomboides}).
Note: Several other fishes are also locally called
yellowtail.
Yellowthroat \Yel"low*throat`\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of American ground warblers of the
genus {Geothlypis}, esp. the Maryland yellowthroat ({G.
trichas}), which is a very common species.
Yellowtop \Yel"low*top`\, n. (Bot.)
A kind of grass, perhaps a species of {Agrostis}.
Yellowwood \Yel"low*wood`\, n. (Bot.)
The wood of any one of several different kinds of trees;
also, any one of the trees themselves. Among the trees so
called are the {Cladrastis tinctoria}, an American leguminous
tree; the several species of prickly ash ({Xanthoxylum}); the
Australian {Flindersia Oxleyana}, a tree related to the
mahogany; certain South African species of {Podocarpus},
trees related to the yew; the East Indian {Podocarpus
latifolia}; and the true satinwood ({Chloroxylon Swietenia}).
All these Old World trees furnish valuable timber.
Yellowwort \Yel"low*wort`\, n. (Bot.)
A European yellow-flowered, gentianaceous ({Chlora
perfoliata}). The whole plant is intensely bitter, and is
sometimes used as a tonic, and also in dyeing yellow.
Yelp \Yelp\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Yelped}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Yelping}.] [OE. yelpen, [yogh]elpen, to boast, boast
noisily, AS. gielpan, gilpan, gylpan; akin to OHG. gelph
arrogant: cf. Icel. gj[=a]lpa to yelp. Cf. {Yap}.]
1. To boast. [Obs.]
I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe. --Chaucer.
2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly
with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup.
A little herd of England's timorous deer, Mazed with
a yelping kennel of French curs? --Shak.
At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he
would fly to the door with a yelping precipitation.
--W. Irving.
Yelp \Yelp\, n.
A sharp, quick cry; a bark. --Chaucer.
Yelper \Yelp"er\, n.
An animal that yelps, or makes a yelping noise. Specifically:
(Zo["o]l.)
(a) The avocet; -- so called from its sharp, shrill cry.
[Prov. Eng.]
(b) The tattler. [Local, U. S.]
Yeman \Ye"man\, n.
A yeoman. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yen \Yen\, n.
The unit of value and account in Japan. Since Japan's
adoption of the gold standard, in 1897, the value of the yen
has been about 50 cents. The yen is equal to 100 sen.
Yend \Yend\, v. t.
To throw; to cast. [Prov. Eng.]
Yenite \Ye"nite\, n. [After Jena, in Germany.] (Min.)
A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic
crystals; -- also called {ilvaite}. [Spelt also {jenite}.]
Yeoman \Yeo"man\, n.; pl. {Yeomen}. [OE. yoman, [yogh]eman,
[yogh]oman; of uncertain origin; perhaps the first, syllable
is akin to OFries. g[=a] district, region, G. gau, OHG. gewi,
gouwi, Goth. gawi. [root]100.]
1. A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most
respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born.
Note: A yeoman in England is considered as next in order to
the gentry. The word is little used in the United
States, unless as a title in law proceedings and
instruments, designating occupation, and this only in
particular States.
2. A servant; a retainer. [Obs.]
A yeman hadde he and servants no mo. --Chaucer.
3. A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry
cavalry. [Eng.]
4. (Naut.) An interior officer under the boatswain, gunner,
or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account, and
distribution of the stores.
{Yeoman of the guard}, one of the bodyguard of the English
sovereign, consisting of the hundred yeomen, armed with
partisans, and habited in the costume of the sixteenth
century. They are members of the royal household.
Yeomanlike \Yeo"man*like`\, a.
Resembling, or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanly.
Yeomanly \Yeo"man*ly\, a.
Pertaining to a yeoman; becoming or suitable to, a yeoman;
yeomanlike. --B. Jonson.
Well could he dress his tackle yeomanly. --Chaucer.
Yeomanry \Yeo"man*ry\, n.
1. The position or rank of a yeoman. [Obs.] ``His estate of
yeomanry.'' --Chaucer.
2. The collective body of yeomen, or freeholders.
The enfranchised yeomanry began to feel an instinct
for dominion. --Bancroft.
3. The yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.]
{Yeomanry cavalry}, certain bodies of volunteer cavalry
liable to service in Great Britain only. [Eng.]
Yeorling \Yeor"ling\, n. [Cf. {Yellow}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The European yellow-hammer.
Yer \Yer\, prep.
Ere; before. [Obs.] --Sylvester.
Yerba \Yer"ba\, n. [Sp.] (Bot.)
An herb; a plant.
Note: This word is much used in compound names of plants in
Spanish; as, yerba buena [Sp., a good herb], a name
applied in Spain to several kinds of mint ({Mentha
sativa}, {viridis}, etc.), but in California
universally applied to a common, sweet-scented labiate
plant ({Micromeria Douglasii}).
{Yerba dol osa}. [Sp., herb of the she-bear.] A kind of
buckthorn ({Rhamnus Californica}).
{Yerba mansa}. [Sp., a mild herb, soft herb.] A plant
({Anemopsis Californica}) with a pungent, aromatic
rootstock, used medicinally by the Mexicans and the
Indians.
{Yerba reuma}. [Cf. Sp. reuma rheum, rheumatism.] A low
California undershrub ({Frankenia grandifolia}).
Yerd \Yerd\, n.
See 1st & 2d {Yard}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yerk \Yerk\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Yerked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Yerking}.] [See {Yerk}.]
1. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart movement; to kick
or strike suddenly; to jerk.
Their wounded steeds . . . Yerk out their armed
heels at their dead masters. --Shak.
2. To strike or lash with a whip. [Obs. or Scot.]
Yerk \Yerk\, v. i.
1. To throw out the heels; to kick; to jerk.
They flirt, they yerk, they backward . . . fling.
--Drayton.
2. To move a quick, jerking motion.
Yerk \Yerk\, n.
A sudden or quick thrust or motion; a jerk.
Yern \Yern\, v. i.
See 3d {Yearn}. [Obs.]
Yern \Yern\, a. [OE. [yogh]ern, [yogh]eorne, AS. georn desirous,
eager. See {Yearn} to long.]
Eager; brisk; quick; active. [Obs.] ``Her song . . . loud and
yern.'' --Chaucer.
Yerne \Yerne\, adv. [OE. [yogh]eorne. See {Yern}, a.]
Eagerly; briskly; quickly. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman.
My hands and my tongue go so yerne. --Chaucer.
Yernut \Yer"nut`\, n. [Cf. Dan. jordn["o]d, Sw. jordn["o]t,
earthnut. Cf. {Jarnut}.]
An earthnut, or groundnut. See {Groundnut}
(d) . [Written also {yarnut}.]
Yerst \Yerst\, adv.
See {Erst}. [Obs.] --Sylvester.
Yes \Yes\, adv. [OE. yis, [yogh]is, [yogh]es, [yogh]ise, AS.
gese, gise; probably fr. ge['a] yea + sw[=a] so. [root]188.
See {Yea}, and {So}.]
Ay; yea; -- a word which expresses affirmation or consent; --
opposed to {no}.
Note: Yes is used, like yea, to enforce, by repetition or
addition, something which precedes; as, you have done
all this -- yes, you have done more. ``Yes, you despise
the man books confined.'' --Pope.
Note: ``The fine distinction between `yea' and `yes,' `nay'
and `no,' that once existed in English, has quite
disappeared. `Yea' and `nay' in Wyclif's time, and a
good deal later, were the answers to questions framed
in the affirmative. `Will he come?' To this it would
have been replied, `Yea' or `Nay', as the case might
be. But, `Will he not come?' To this the answer would
have been `Yes' or `No.' Sir Thomas More finds fault
with Tyndale, that in his translation of the Bible he
had not observed this distinction, which was evidently
therefore going out even then, that is, in the reign of
Henry VIII.; and shortly after it was quite
forgotten.'' --Trench.
Yest \Yest\, n.
See {Yeast}. --Shak.
Yester \Yes"ter\, a. [See {Yesterday}.]
Last; last past; next before; of or pertaining to yesterday.
[An enemy] whom yester sun beheld Mustering her charms.
--Dryden.
Note: This word is now seldom used except in a few compounds;
as, yesterday, yesternight, etc.
Yesterday \Yes"ter*day\, n. [OE. [yogh]isterdai, AS. geostran
d[ae]g, from geostran, geostra, giestran, gistran, gystran,
yesterday (akin to D. gisteren, G. gestern, OHG. gestaron,
Icel. g[ae]r yesterday, to-morrow, Goth. gistradagis
to-morrow, L. heri yesterday, Gr. ?, Skr. hyas) + d[ae]g day.
Cf. {Hestern}. ????.]
1. The day last past; the day next before the present.
All our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to
dusty death. --Shak.
We are but of yesterday, and know nothing. --Job
viii. 9.
2. Fig.: A recent time; time not long past.
The proudest royal houses are but of yesterday, when
compared with the line of supreme pontiffs.
--Macaulay.
Yesterday \Yes"ter*day\, adv.
On the day last past; on the day preceding to-day; as, the
affair took place yesterday.
Yestereve \Yes"ter*eve`\, Yester-evening \Yes"ter-e`ven*ing\, n.
The evening of yesterday; the evening last past.
Yestermorn \Yes"ter*morn`\, Yester-morning \Yes"ter-morn`ing\,
n.
The morning of yesterday. --Coleridge.
Yestern \Yes"tern\, a. [See {Yester}.]
Of or pertaining to yesterday; relating to the day last past.
Yesternight \Yes"ter*night`\, n.
The last night; the night last past.
Yesternight \Yes"ter*night`\, adv. [AS. gystran niht. See
{Yesterday}.]
On the last night. --B. Jonson.
Yesternoon \Yes"ter*noon`\, n.
The noon of yesterday; the noon last past.
Yesterweek \Yes"ter*week`\, n.
The week last past; last week.
Yesteryear \Yes"ter*year`\, n.
The year last past; last year.
Yestreen \Yes`treen"\, n.
Yester-evening; yesternight; last night. [R. or Scot.]
Yestreen I did not know How largely I could live. --Bp.
Coxe.
Yesty \Yest"y\, a.
See {Yeasty}. --Shak.
Yet \Yet\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several species of large marine gastropods
belonging to the genus {Yetus}, or {Cymba}; a boat shell.
Yet \Yet\, adv. [OE. yet, [yogh]et, [yogh]it, AS. git, gyt,
giet, gieta; akin to OFries. ieta, eta, ita, MHG. iezuo,
ieze, now, G. jetzo, jetzt.]
1. In addition; further; besides; over and above; still. ``A
little longer; yet a little longer.'' --Dryden.
This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our
savior, lays such a particular stress acts of mercy.
--Atterbury.
The rapine is made yet blacker by the pretense of
piety and justice. --L'Estrange.
2. At the same time; by continuance from a former state;
still.
Facts they had heard while they were yet heathens.
--Addison.
3. Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto; until now; --
and with the negative, not yet, not up to the present
time; not as soon as now; as, Is it time to go? Not yet.
See {As yet}, under {As}, conj.
Ne never yet no villainy ne said. --Chaucer.
4. Before some future time; before the end; eventually; in
time. ``He 'll be hanged yet.'' --Shak.
5. Even; -- used emphatically.
Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of
witches, nor yet the evidence against them. --Bacon.
Yet \Yet\, conj.
Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however.
Yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory
was not arrayed like one of these. --Matt. vi.
29.
Syn: See {However}.
Yeve \Yeve\, v. i.
To give. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yeven \Yev"en\, p. p.
Given. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yew \Yew\ ([=u]), v. i.
See {Yaw}.
Yew \Yew\, n. [OE. ew, AS. e['o]w, [=i]w, eoh; akin to D. ijf,
OHG. [=i]wa, [=i]ha, G. eibe, Icel. [=y]r; cf. Ir. iubhar,
Gael. iubhar, iughar, W. yw, ywen, Lith. j["e]va the black
alder tree.]
1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree ({Taxus baccata}) of Europe,
allied to the pines, but having a peculiar berrylike fruit
instead of a cone. It frequently grows in British
churchyards.
2. The wood of the yew. It is light red in color, compact,
fine-grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all
other kinds of wood for bows and whipstocks, the best for
these purposes coming from Spain.
Note: The {American yew} ({Taxus baccata}, var. {Canadensis})
is a low and straggling or prostrate bush, never
forming an erect trunk. The {California yew} ({Taxus
brevifolia}) is a good-sized tree, and its wood is used
for bows, spear handles, paddles, and other similar
implements. Another yew is found in Florida, and there
are species in Japan and the Himalayas.
3. A bow for shooting, made of the yew.
Yew \Yew\ ([=u]), a.
Of or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew
tree; as, a yew whipstock.
Yewen \Yew"en\, a.
Made of yew; as, yewen bows.
Yex \Yex\, v. i. [OE. [yogh]exen, yesken, AS. giscian to sob.]
To hiccough. [Written also {yox}, {yux}.] [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
He yexeth and he speaketh through the nose. --Chaucer.
Yex \Yex\, n. [AS. geocsa a sobbing, hiccough. Cf. {Yex}, v. i.]
A hiccough. [Written also {yox}, and {yux}.] [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] ``The excessive yex.'' --Holland.
Yezdegerdian \Yez`de*ger"di*an\ (?; 277), a.
Of or pertaining to Yezdegerd, the last Sassanian monarch of
Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as, the
Yezdegerdian era, which began on the 16th of June, a. d. 632.
The era is still used by the Parsees.
Yezdi \Yez"di\ (y[e^]z"d[=e]), n.
Same as {Izedi}. --Tylor.
Yezidee \Yez"i*dee\, Yezidi \Yez"i*di\, n.
Same as {Izedi.}
Yfere \Y*fere"\, adv.
Together. See {Ifere}. [Obs.]
As friends do when they be met yfere. --Chaucer.
Ygdrasyl \Yg"dra*syl\, n. (Scand. Myth.)
See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.
Yghe \Y"ghe\, n.
Eye. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ygo \Y*go"\, obs. p. p. of {Go}.
Gone. --Chaucer.
Yground \Y*ground"\, obs.
p. p. of {Grind}. --Chaucer.
Yholde \Y*hold"e\, obs.
p. p. of {Hold}. --Chaucer.
Yield \Yield\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Yielded}; obs. p. p. {Yold};
p. pr. & vb. n. {Yielding}.] [OE. yelden, [yogh]elden,
[yogh]ilden, AS. gieldan, gildan, to pay, give, restore, make
an offering; akin to OFries. jelda, OS. geldan, D. gelden to
cost, to be worth, G. gelten, OHG. geltan to pay, restore,
make an offering, be worth, Icel. gjalda to pay, give up,
Dan. gielde to be worth, Sw. g["a]lla to be worth, g["a]lda
to pay, Goth. gildan in fragildan, usgildan. Cf. 1st {Geld},
{Guild}.]
1. To give in return for labor expended; to produce, as
payment or interest on what is expended or invested; to
pay; as, money at interest yields six or seven per cent.
To yelde Jesu Christ his proper rent. --Chaucer.
When thou tillest the ground, it shall not
henceforth yield unto thee her strength. --Gen. iv.
12.
2. To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth. ``Vines
yield nectar.'' --Milton.
[He] makes milch kine yield blood. --Shak.
The wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their
children. --Job xxiv. 5.
3. To give up, as something that is claimed or demanded; to
make over to one who has a claim or right; to resign; to
surrender; to relinquish; as a city, an opinion, etc.
And, force perforce, I'll make him yield the crown.
--Shak.
Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame.
--Milton.
4. To admit to be true; to concede; to allow.
I yield it just, said Adam, and submit. --Milton.
5. To permit; to grant; as, to yield passage.
6. To give a reward to; to bless. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more, And the
gods yield you for 't. --Shak.
God yield thee, and God thank ye. --Beau. & Fl.
{To yield the breath}, {the ghost}, or {the life}, to die; to
expire; -- often followed by up.
One calmly yields his willing breath. --Keble.
Yield \Yield\, v. i.
1. To give up the contest; to submit; to surrender; to
succumb.
He saw the fainting Grecians yield. --Dryden.
2. To comply with; to assent; as, I yielded to his request.
3. To give way; to cease opposition; to be no longer a
hindrance or an obstacle; as, men readily yield to the
current of opinion, or to customs; the door yielded.
Will ye relent, And yield to mercy while 't is
offered you? --Shak.
4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence; as, they
will yield to us in nothing.
Nay tell me first, in what more happy fields The
thistle springs, to which the lily yields? --Pope.
Yield \Yield\, n.
Amount yielded; product; -- applied especially to products
resulting from growth or cultivation. ``A goodly yield of
fruit doth bring.'' --Bacon.
Yieldable \Yield"a*ble\, a.
Disposed to yield or comply. [R.] -- {Yield"a*ble*ness}, n.
[R.] --Bp. Hall.
Yieldance \Yield"ance\, n.
1. The act of producing; yield; as, the yieldance of the
earth. [R.] --Bp. Hall.
2. The act of yielding; concession. [R.] --South.
Yielder \Yield"er\, n.
One who yields. --Shak.
Yielding \Yield"ing\, a.
Inclined to give way, or comply; flexible; compliant;
accommodating; as, a yielding temper.
{Yielding and paying} (Law), the initial words of that clause
in leases in which the rent to be paid by the lessee is
mentioned and reserved. --Burrill.
Syn: Obsequious; attentive.
Usage: {Yielding}, {Obsequious}, {Attentive}. In many cases a
man may be attentive or yielding in a high degree
without any sacrifice of his dignity; but he who is
obsequious seeks to gain favor by excessive and mean
compliances for some selfish end. -- {Yield"ing*ly},
adv. -- {Yield"ing*ness}, n.
Yieldless \Yield"less\, a.
Without yielding; unyielding. [Obs.]
Yift \Yift\, n.
Gift. [Obs.] ``Great yiftes.'' --Chaucer.
Yin \Yin\, n.
A Chinese weight of 22/3 pounds.
Yis \Yis\, adv.
Yes. [Obs.]
``Yis, sir,'' quod he, ``yis, host.'' --Chaucer.
Yit \Yit\, conj.
Yet. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yite \Yite\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European yellow-hammer.
Yive \Yive\, v. t. & i.
To give. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
-yl \-yl\ [Gr. ? wood, material.] (Chem.)
A suffix used as a characteristic termination of chemical
radicals; as in ethyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, etc.
Note: -yl was first used in 1832 by Liebig and W["o]hler in
naming benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, or fundamental
material, then in 1834 by Dumas and Peligot in naming
methyl, in the sense of wood. After this -yl was
generally used as in benzoyl, in the sense of stuff,
characteristic ground, fundamental material.
Yle \Yle\, n.
Isle. [Obs.] ``The barren yle.'' --Chaucer.
Y level \Y" lev`el\ (Surv.)
See under {Y}, n.
Yliche \Y*liche"\, Ylike \Y*like"\, a. & adv.
Like; alike. [Obs.] ``All . . . yliche good.'' --Chaucer.
Yllanraton \Yl`lan*ra*ton"\, n. [From the native name.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The agouara.
Ymaked \Y*mak"ed\, obs. p. p. of {Make}.
Made.
Ymel \Y*mel"\, prep. [OE. ymel, imelle, of Scand. origin; cf.
Icel. [imac] milli, [imac] millum (properly, in the middle,
fr. ? in + mi?il, me?al, middle, akin to E. middle), Dan.
imellem, Sw. emellan. See {In}, and {Middle}.]
Among. [Obs.] ``Ymel them all.'' --Chaucer.
Ynambu \Y*nam"bu\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A South American tinamou ({Rhynchotus rufescens}); -- called
also {perdiz grande}, and {rufous tinamou}. See Illust. of
{Tinamou}.
Ynough \Y*nough"\, Ynow \Y*now"\, a. [See {Enough}.]
Enough. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yockel \Yock"el\, n. [Cf. {Yokel}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The yaffle.
Yode \Yode\, obs. imp. of Go. [OE. yode, yede, [yogh]ede,
[yogh]eode, eode, AS. e['o]de, used as the imp. of g[=a]n to
go; akin to Goth. iddja I, he, went, L. ire to go, Gr.
'ie`nai, Skr. i, y[=a]. [root]4. Cf. {Issue}.]
Went; walked; proceeded. [Written also {yede}.] See {Yede}.
Quer [whether] they rade [rode] or yode. --Cursor
Mundi.
Then into Cornhill anon I yode. --Lydgate.
Yodel \Yo"del\, Yodle \Yo"dle\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p.
{Yodeled}, {Yodled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Yodeling}, {Yodling}.]
[G. jodeln.]
To sing in a manner common among the Swiss and Tyrolese
mountaineers, by suddenly changing from the head voice, or
falsetto, to the chest voice, and the contrary; to warble.
Yodel \Yo"del\, Yodle \Yo"dle\, n.
A song sung by yodeling, as by the Swiss mountaineers.
Yodler \Yo"dler\, n.
One who yodels.
Yoga \Yo"ga\, n. [Skr. y[=o]ga union.]
A species of asceticism among the Hindoos, which consists in
a complete abstraction from all worldly objects, by which the
votary expects to obtain union with the universal spirit, and
to acquire superhuman faculties.
Yogi \Yo"gi\, n. [Skr. y[=o]gin.]
A follower of the yoga philosophy; an ascetic. [Spelt also
{yokin}.] --Whitworth.
Yoicks \Yo"icks\, interj. (Hunting)
A cry of encouragement to foxhounds.
Yoit \Yoit\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]
Yojan \Yo"jan\, n. [Skr. y[=o]jana.]
A measure of distance, varying from four to ten miles, but
usually about five. [India] [Written also {yojana}.]
Yoke \Yoke\ (y[=o]k), n. [OE. yok, [yogh]oc, AS. geoc; akin to
D. juk, OHG. joh, G. joch, Icel. & Sw. ok, Dan. aag, Goth.
juk, Lith. jungas, Russ. igo, L. jugum, Gr. zy`gon, Skr.
yuga, and to L. jungere to join, Gr. ?, Skr. yui. [root]109,
280. Cf. {Join}, {Jougs}, {Joust}, {Jugular}, {Subjugate},
{Syzygy}, {Yuga}, {Zeugma}.]
1. A bar or frame of wood by which two oxen are joined at the
heads or necks for working together.
A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke, Untamed,
unconscious of the galling yoke. --Pope.
Note: The modern yoke for oxen is usually a piece of timber
hollowed, or made curving, near each end, and laid on
the necks of the oxen, being secured in place by two
bows, one inclosing each neck, and fastened through the
timber. In some countries the yoke consists of a flat
piece of wood fastened to the foreheads of the oxen by
thongs about the horns.
2. A frame or piece resembling a yoke, as in use or shape.
Specifically:
(a) A frame of wood fitted to a person's shoulders for
carrying pails, etc., suspended on each side; as, a
milkmaid's yoke.
(b) A frame worn on the neck of an animal, as a cow, a
pig, a goose, to prevent passage through a fence.
(c) A frame or convex piece by which a bell is hung for
ringing it. See Illust. of {Bell}.
(d) A crosspiece upon the head of a boat's rudder. To its
ends lines are attached which lead forward so that the
boat can be steered from amidships.
(e) (Mach.) A bent crosspiece connecting two other parts.
(f) (Arch.) A tie securing two timbers together, not used
for part of a regular truss, but serving a temporary
purpose, as to provide against unusual strain.
(g) (Dressmaking) A band shaped to fit the shoulders or
the hips, and joined to the upper full edge of the
waist or the skirt.
3. Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a link; a
bond connection.
Boweth your neck under that blissful yoke . . .
Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock.
--Chaucer.
This yoke of marriage from us both remove. --Dryden.
4. A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery; bondage;
service.
Our country sinks beneath the yoke. --Shak.
My yoke is easy, and my burden is light. --Matt. xi.
30.
5. Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair that work
together.
I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove
them. --Luke xiv.
19.
6. The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke of oxen.
[Obs.] --Gardner.
7. A portion of the working day; as, to work two yokes, that
is, to work both portions of the day, or morning and
afternoon. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
{Neck yoke}, {Pig yoke}. See under {Neck}, and {Pig}.
{Yoke elm} (Bot.), the European hornbeam ({Carpinus
Betulus}), a small tree with tough white wood, often used
for making yokes for cattle.
Yoke \Yoke\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Yoked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Yoking}.]
1. To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke; as, to yoke
oxen, or pair of oxen.
2. To couple; to join with another. ``Be ye not unequally
yoked with unbelievers.'' --2 Cor. vi. 14.
Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb. --Shak.
3. To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain; to
confine.
Then were they yoked with garrisons. --Milton.
The words and promises that yoke The conqueror are
quickly broke. --Hudibras.
Yoke \Yoke\, v. i.
To be joined or associated; to be intimately connected; to
consort closely; to mate.
We 'll yoke together, like a double shadow. --Shak.
Yokeage \Yoke"age\, n.
See {Rokeage}. [Local, U. S.]
Yokefellow \Yoke"fel`low\, n. [Yoke + fellow.]
An associate or companion in, or as in; a mate; a fellow;
especially, a partner in marriage. --Phil. iv. 3.
The two languages [English and French] became
yokefellows in a still more intimate manner. --Earle.
Those who have most distinguished themselves by railing
at the sex, very often choose one of the most worthless
for a companion and yokefellow. --Addison.
Yokel \Yo"kel\, n. [Perhaps from an AS. word akin to E. gawk.]
A country bumpkin. [Eng.] --Dickens.
Yokelet \Yoke"let\, n.
A small farm; -- so called as requiring but one yoke of oxen
to till it. [Prov. Eng.]
Yokemate \Yoke"mate`\, n.
Same as {Yokefellow}.
Yoke-toed \Yoke"-toed`\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Having two toes in front and two behind, as the trogons and
woodpeckers.
Yold \Yold\, obs. p. p. of {Yield}.
Yielded. --Spenser.
Yolden \Yold"en\, obs. p. p. of {Yield}.
Yielded.
Yolk \Yolk\ (y[=o]lk or y[=o]k; 277), n. [OE. yolke, yelke,
[yogh]olke, [yogh]elke, AS. geoloca, geoleca, fr. geolu
yellow. See {Yellow}.] [Written also {yelk}.]
1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus.
2. (Zo["o]l.) An oily secretion which naturally covers the
wool of sheep.
{Yolk cord} (Zo["o]l.), a slender cord or duct which connects
the yolk glands with the egg chambers in certain insects,
as in the aphids.
{Yolk gland} (Zo["o]l.), a special organ which secretes the
yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other
invertebrates. See Illust. of {Hermaphrodite} in Appendix.
{Yolk sack} (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under
{Unbilical}.
Yoll \Yoll\ (y[=o]l), v. i.
To yell. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yon \Yon\ (y[o^]n), a. [OE. yon, [yogh]on, AS. geon; akin to G.
jener, OHG. jen[=e]r, Icel. enn, inn; cf. Goth. jains.
[root]188. Cf. {Beyond}, {Yond}, {Yonder}.]
At a distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic]
Read thy lot in yon celestial sign. --Milton.
Though fast yon shower be fleeting. --Keble.
Yon \Yon\, adv.
Yonder. [Obs. or Poetic]
But, first and chiefest, with thee bring Him that yon
soars on golden wing. --Milton.
Yoncopin \Yon"co*pin\, n. [Perhaps corrupted from Illinois
micoupena, Chippewa makopin, the American lotus.] (Bot.)
A local name in parts of the Mississippi Valley for the
American lotus ({Nelumbo lutea}).
Yond \Yond\, a. [Cf. AS. anda, onda, anger, andian to be angry.]
Furious; mad; angry; fierce. [Obs.] ``Then wexeth wood and
yond.'' --Spenser.
Yond \Yond\, adv. & a. [OE. yond, [yogh]ond, [yogh]eond,
through, beyond, over, AS. geond, adv. & prep.; cf. Goth.
jaind thither. [root]188. See {Yon}, a.]
Yonder. [Obs.] ``Yond in the garden.'' --Chaucer.
Yonder \Yon"der\, adv. [OE. yonder, [yogh]onder; cf. OD. ginder,
Goth. jaindr? there. ????. See {Yond}, adv.]
At a distance, but within view.
Yonder are two apple women scolding. --Arbuthnot.
Yonder \Yon"der\, a.
Being at a distance within view, or conceived of as within
view; that or those there; yon. ``Yon flowery arbors, yonder
alleys green.'' --Milton. ``Yonder sea of light.'' --Keble.
Yonder men are too many for an embassage. --Bacon.
Yoni \Yo"ni\, n. [Skr. y?ni.] (Hindoo Myth.)
The symbol under which Sakti, or the personification of the
female power in nature, is worshiped. Cf. {Lingam}.
Yonker \Yon"ker\, n. [See {Younker}.]
A young fellow; a younker. [Obs. or Colloq.] --Sir W. Scott.
Yore \Yore\ (y[=o]r), adv. [OE. [yogh]ore, yare, [yogh]are, AS.
ge['a]ra;akin to ge['a]r a year, E. year. [root]204. See
{Year}.]
In time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or Poetic]
As it hath been of olde times yore. --Chaucer.
Which though he hath polluted oft and yore, Yet I to
them for judgment just do fly. --Spenser.
{Of yore}, of old time; long ago; as, in times or days of
yore. ``But Satan now is wiser than of yore.'' --Pope.
Where Abraham fed his flock of yore. --Keble.
Yorker \York"er\, n. (Cricket)
A tice.
Yorkshire \York"shire\, n.
A county in the north of England.
{Yorkshire grit}, a kind of stone used for polishing marble,
and copperplates for engravers. --Simmonds.
{Yorkshire pudding}, a batter pudding baked under meat.
York use \York" use`\ (Eccl.)
The one of the three printed uses of England which was
followed in the north. It was based on the Sarum use. See
{Use}, {n}., 6. --Shipley.
Yot \Yot\, v. t.
To unite closely. [Prov. Eng.]
Yote \Yote\ (y[=o]t), v. t. [OE. [yogh]eoten, [yogh]eten, to
pour, AS. ge['o]tan. See {Found} to cast.]
To pour water on; to soak in, or mix with, water. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] --Grose.
My fowls, which well enough, I, as before, found
feeding at their trough Their yoted wheat. --Chapman.
You \You\ ([=u]), pron. [Possess. {Your} ([=u]r) or {Yours}
([=u]rz); dat. & obj. {You}.] [OE. you, eou, eow, dat. &
acc., AS. e['o]w, used as dat. & acc. of ge, g[=e], ye; akin
to OFries. iu, io, D. u, G. euch, OHG. iu, dat., iuwih, acc.,
Icel. y[eth]r, dat. & acc., Goth. izwis; of uncertain origin.
[root]189. Cf. {Your}.]
The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative, dative,
and objective case, indicating the person or persons
addressed. See the Note under {Ye}.
Ye go to Canterbury; God you speed. --Chaucer.
Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave this
place. --Shak.
In vain you tell your parting lover You wish fair winds
may waft him over. --Prior.
Note: Though you is properly a plural, it is in all ordinary
discourse used also in addressing a single person, yet
properly always with a plural verb. ``Are you he that
hangs the verses on the trees, wherein Rosalind is so
admired ?'' --Shak. You and your are sometimes used
indefinitely, like we, they, one, to express persons
not specified. ``The looks at a distance like a
new-plowed land; but as you come near it, you see
nothing but a long heap of heavy, disjointed clods.''
--Addison. ``Your medalist and critic are much nearer
related than the world imagine.'' --Addison. ``It is
always pleasant to be forced to do what you wish to do,
but what, until pressed, you dare not attempt.''
--Hook. You is often used reflexively for yourself of
yourselves. ``Your highness shall repose you at the
tower.'' --Shak.
Youl \Youl\, v. i.
To yell; to yowl. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Young \Young\ (y[u^]ng), a. [Compar. {Younger}
(y[u^][ng]"g[~e]r); superl. {Youngest} (-g[e^]st).] [OE.
yung, yong, [yogh]ong, [yogh]ung, AS. geong; akin to OFries.
iung, iong, D. joing, OS., OHG., & G. jung, Icel. ungr, Sw. &
Dan. ung, Goth. juggs, Lith. jaunas, Russ. iunuii, L.
juvencus, juvenis, Skr. juva[,c]a, juvan. [root]281. Cf.
{Junior}, {Juniper}, {Juvenile}, {Younker}, {Youth}.]
1. Not long born; still in the first part of life; not yet
arrived at adolescence, maturity, or age; not old;
juvenile; -- said of animals; as, a young child; a young
man; a young fawn.
For he so young and tender was of age. --Chaucer.
``Whom the gods love, die young,'' has been too long
carelessly said; . . . whom the gods love, live
young forever. --Mrs. H. H.
Jackson.
2. Being in the first part, pr period, of growth; as, a young
plant; a young tree.
While the fears of the people were young. --De Foe.
3. Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed;
ignorant; weak.
Come, come, elder brother, you are too young in
this. --Shak.
Young \Young\, n.
The offspring of animals, either a single animal or offspring
collectively.
[The egg] bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed
Their callow young. --Milton.
{With young}, with child; pregnant.
Youngger \Young"ger\, n.
One who is younger; an inferior in age; a junior. ``The elder
shall serve the younger.'' --Rom. ix. 12.
Youngish \Young"ish\, a.
Somewhat young. --Tatler.
Youngling \Young"ling\, n. [AS. geongling.]
A young person; a youth; also, any animal in its early life.
``More dear . . . than younglings to their dam.'' --Spenser.
He will not be so willing, I think, to join with you as
with us younglings. --Ridley.
Youngling \Young"ling\, a.
Young; youthful. --Wordsworth.
Youngly \Young"ly\, a. [AS. geonglic.]
Like a young person or thing; young; youthful. [Obs.] --Shak.
Youngly \Young"ly\, adv.
1. In a young manner; in the period of youth; early in life.
[Obs.] --Shak.
2. Ignorantly; weakly. [R.]
Youngness \Young"ness\, n.
The quality or state of being young.
Youngster \Young"ster\, n.
A young person; a youngling; a lad. [Colloq.] ``He felt
himself quite a youngster, with a long life before him.''
--G. Eliot.
Youngth \Youngth\, n.
Youth. [Obs.]
Youngth is a bubble blown up with breath. --Spenser.
Youngthly \Youngth"ly\, a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, youth; youthful. [Obs.]
--Spenser.
Younker \Youn"ker\, n. [D. jonker, jonkeer; jong young + heer a
lord, sir, gentleman. See {Young}, a.]
A young person; a stripling; a yonker. [Obs. or Colloq.]
That same younker soon was overthrown. --Spenser.
Youpon \You"pon\, n. (Bot.)
Same as {Yaupon}.
Your \Your\ ([=u]r), pron. & a. [OE. your, [yogh]our, eowr,
eower, AS. e['o]wer, originally used as the gen. of ge,
g[=e], ye; akin to OFries. iuwer your, OS. iuwar, D. uw, OHG.
iuw[=e]r, G. euer, Icel. y[eth]ar, Goth. izwara, izwar, and
E. you. [root]189. See {You}.]
The form of the possessive case of the personal pronoun you.
Note: The possessive takes the form yours when the noun to
which it refers is not expressed, but implied; as, this
book is yours. ``An old fellow of yours.'' --Chaucer.
Yours \Yours\ (["u]rz), pron.
See the Note under {Your}.
Yourself \Your*self"\, pron.; pl. {Yourselves}. [Your + self.]
An emphasized or reflexive form of the pronoun of the second
person; -- used as a subject commonly with you; as, you
yourself shall see it; also, alone in the predicate, either
in the nominative or objective case; as, you have injured
yourself.
Of which right now ye han yourselve heard. --Chaucer.
If yourselves are old, make it your cause. --Shak.
Why should you be so cruel to yourself ? --Milton.
The religious movement which you yourself, as well as
I, so faithfully followed from first to last. --J. H.
Newman.
Youth \Youth\ ([=u]th), n.; pl. {Youths} ([=u]ths; 264) or
collectively {Youth}. [OE. youthe, youh[thorn]e,
[yogh]uhe[eth]e, [yogh]uwe[eth]e, [yogh]eo[yogh]e[eth]e, AS.
geogu[eth], geogo[eth]; akin to OS. jug[eth], D. jeugd, OHG.
jugund, G. jugend, Goth. junda. [root]281. See {Young}.]
1. The quality or state of being young; youthfulness;
juvenility. ``In my flower of youth.'' --Milton.
Such as in his face Youth smiled celestial.
--Milton.
2. The part of life that succeeds to childhood; the period of
existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part
of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to
manhood.
He wondered that your lordship Would suffer him to
spend his youth at home. --Shak.
Those who pass their youth in vice are justly
condemned to spend their age in folly. --Rambler.
3. A young person; especially, a young man.
Seven youths from Athens yearly sent. --Dryden.
4. Young persons, collectively.
It is fit to read the best authors to youth first.
--B. Jonson.
Youthful \Youth"ful\, a.
1. Not yet mature or aged; young. ``Two youthful knights.''
--Dryden. Also used figuratively. ``The youthful season of
the year.'' --Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the early part of life; suitable to
early life; as, youthful days; youthful sports. ``Warm,
youthful blood.'' --Shak. ``Youthful thoughts.'' --Milton.
3. Fresh; vigorous, as in youth.
After millions of millions of ages . . . still
youthful and flourishing. --Bentley.
Syn: Puerile; juvenile.
Usage: {Youthful}, {Puerile}, {Juvenile}. Puerile is always
used in a bad sense, or at least in the sense of what
is suitable to a boy only; as, puerile objections,
puerile amusements, etc. Juvenile is sometimes taken
in a bad sense, as when speaking of youth in contrast
with manhood; as, juvenile tricks; a juvenile
performance. Youthful is commonly employed in a good
sense; as, youthful aspirations; or at least by way of
extenuating; as, youthful indiscretions. ``Some men,
imagining themselves possessed with a divine fury,
often fall into toys and trifles, which are only
puerilities.'' --Dryden. ``Raw, juvenile writers
imagine that, by pouring forth figures often, they
render their compositions warm and animated.''
--Blair. -- {Youth"ful*ly}, adv. -- {Youth"ful*ness},
n.
Youthhood \Youth"hood\, n. [AS. geogu[eth]h[=a]d. See {Youth},
and {-hood}.]
The quality or state of being a youth; the period of youth.
--Cheyne.
Youthly \Youth"ly\, a. [AS. geogu[eth]lic.]
Young; youthful. [Obs.] ``All my youthly days.'' --Spenser.
Youthsome \Youth"some\, a.
Youthful. [Obs.] --Pepys.
Youthy \Youth"y\, a.
Young. [Obs.] --Spectator.
Youze \Youze\, n. [From a native East Indian name.] (Zo["o]l.)
The cheetah.
Yow \Yow\, pron.
You. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yowe \Yowe\, n. [See {Ewe}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A ewe. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] --G. Eliot.
Yowl \Yowl\, v. i. [See {Yawl}, v. i.]
To utter a loud, long, and mournful cry, as a dog; to howl;
to yell.
Yowl \Yowl\, n.
A loud, protracted, and mournful cry, as that of a dog; a
howl.
Yowley \Yow"ley\, n. [Cf. {Yellow}.] (Zo["o]l.)
The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]
Yox \Yox\, v. i.
See {Yex}. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ypight \Y*pight"\, obs. p. p. of {Pitch}.
See {Pight}.
Ypocras \Yp"o*cras\, n.
Hippocras. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ypres lace \Y"pres lace`\
Fine bobbin lace made at Ypres in Belgium, usually exactly
like Valenciennes lace.
Ypsiliform \Yp*sil"i*form\, a. [Gr. ? ? the name of the letter ?
+ -form.] (Biol.)
Resembling the ? in appearance; -- said of the germinal spot
in the ripe egg at one of the stages of fecundation.
Ypsiloid \Yp"si*loid\, a. (Anat.)
In the form of the letter {Y}; {Y-}shaped.
Yraft \Y*raft"\, obs. p. p. of {Reave}.
Bereft. --Chaucer.
Yren \Yr"en\, n.
Iron. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Yronne \Y*ron"ne\, obs. p. p. of {Run}.
Run. --Chaucer.
Ysame \Y*same"\, adv. [See {Same}.]
Together. [Obs.] ``And in a bag all sorts of seeds ysame.''
--Spenser. Y^{t},
Yt \Yt\ ([th][a^]t),
an old method of printing that (AS. [thorn][ae]t, [eth][ae]t)
the ``y'' taking the place of the old letter ``thorn''
([thorn]). Cf. {Ye}, the.
Ythrowe \Y*throwe"\, obs.
p. p. of Throw. --Chaucer.
Ytterbic \Yt*ter"bic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, ytterbium; containing
ytterbium.
Ytterbium \Yt*ter"bi*um\, n. [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See
{Erbium}.] (Chem.)
A rare element of the boron group, sometimes associated with
yttrium or other related elements, as in euxenite and
gadolinite. Symbol Yb; provisional atomic weight 173.2. Cf.
{Yttrium}.
Note: Ytterbium is associated with other rare elements, and
probably has not been prepared in a pure state.
Yttria \Yt"tri*a\, n. [NL. See {Yttrium}.] (Chem.)
The oxide, {Y2O3}, or earth, of yttrium.
Yttric \Yt"tric\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, yttrium.
Yttriferous \Yt*trif"er*ous\, a.
Bearing or containing yttrium or the allied elements; as,
gadolinite is one of the yttriferous minerals.
Yttrious \Yt"tri*ous\, a. (Chem.)
Same as {Yttric}.
Yttrium \Yt"tri*um\, n. [NL., from Ytterby, in Sweden. See
{Erbium}.] (Chem.)
A rare metallic element of the boron-aluminium group, found
in gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a
dark gray powder. Symbol Y. Atomic weight, 89. [Written also
{ittrium}.]
Note: Associated with yttrium are certain rare elements, as
erbium, ytterbium, samarium, etc., which are separated
in a pure state with great difficulty. They are studied
by means of their spark or phosphorescent spectra.
Yttrium is now regarded as probably not a simple
element, but as a mixture of several substances.
Yttro-cerite \Yt`tro-ce"rite\, n. (Min.)
A mineral of a violet-blue color, inclining to gray and
white. It is a hydrous fluoride of cerium, yttrium, and
calcium.
Yttro-columbite \Yt`tro-co*lum"bite\, Yttro-tantalite
\Yt`tro-tan"ta*lite\, n. (Min.)
A tantalate of uranium, yttrium, and calcium, of a brown or
black color.
Yu \Yu\, n. [Chin.] (Min.)
Jade.
Yucca \Yuc"ca\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Flicker}, n., 2.
Yucca \Yuc"ca\, n. [NL., from Yuca, its name in St. Domingo.]
(Bot.)
A genus of American liliaceous, sometimes arborescent, plants
having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves at the top of a
more or less woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy
white blossoms.
Note: The species with more rigid leaves (as {Yucca
aloifolia}, {Y. Treculiana}, and {Y. baccata}) are
called {Spanish bayonet}, and one with softer leaves
({Y. filamentosa}) is called {bear grass}, and {Adam's
needle}.
{Yucca moth} (Zo["o]l.), a small silvery moth ({Pronuba
yuccasella}) whose larv[ae] feed on plants of the genus
Yucca.
Yuck \Yuck\, v. i. [Cf. G. jucken, D. yeuken, joken. See
{Itch}.]
To itch. [Prov. Eng.] --Grose.
Yuck \Yuck\, v. t.
To scratch. [Prov. Eng.] --Wright.
Yuckel \Yuck"el\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Yockel}.
Yuen \Yu"en\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The crowned gibbon ({Hylobates pileatus}), native of Siam,
Southern China, and the Island of Hainan. It is entirely
arboreal in its habits, and has very long arms. the males are
dark brown or blackish, with a caplike mass of long dark
hair, and usually with a white band around the face. The
females are yellowish white, with a dark spot on the breast
and another on the crown. Called also {wooyen}, and {wooyen
ape}.
Yufts \Yufts\, n. [Russ. iufte.]
Russia leather.
Yug \Yug\, Yuga \Yu"ga\, n. [Skr. yuga an age, a yoke. See
{Yoke}.] (Hindoo Cosmog.)
Any one of the four ages, Krita, or Satya, Treta, Dwapara,
and Kali, into which the Hindoos divide the duration or
existence of the world.
Yuke \Yuke\, v. i. & t.
Same as {Yuck}. [Prov. Eng.]
Yulan \Yu"lan\, n. (Bot.)
A species of Magnolia ({M. conspicua}) with large white
blossoms that open before the leaves. See the Note under
{Magnolia}.
Yule \Yule\, n. [OE. yol, [yogh]ol, AS. ge['o]l; akin to
ge['o]la December or January, Icel. j[=o]l Yule, Ylir the
name of a winter month, Sw. jul Christmas, Dan. juul, Goth.
jiuleis November or December. Cf. {Jolly}.]
Christmas or Christmastide; the feast of the Nativity of our
Savior.
And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule
In any place but here, at bonfire, or at Yule.
--Drayton.
{Yule block}, or {Yule log}, a large log of wood formerly put
on the hearth of Christmas eve, as the foundation of the
fire. It was brought in with much ceremony.
{Yule clog}, the yule log. --Halliwell. W. Irving.
Yuletide \Yule"tide`\, n.
Christmas time; Christmastide; the season of Christmas.
Yumas \Yu"mas\, n. pl.; sing. {Yuma}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians native of Arizona and the adjacent parts
of Mexico and California. They are agricultural, and
cultivate corn, wheat, barley, melons, etc.
Note: The a wider sense, the term sometimes includes the
Mohaves and other allied tribes.
Yunx \Yunx\ (y[u^][ng]ks), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'i`ygx the wryneck.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A genus of birds comprising the wrynecks.
Yupon \Yu"pon\, n. (Bot.)
Same as {Yaupon}.
Yux \Yux\, n. & v.
See {Yex}, n. [Obs.]
Yvel \Y"vel\, a. & adv.
Evil; ill. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
Ywar \Y*war"\, a. [See {Aware}.]
Aware; wary. [Obs.] ``Be ywar, and his way shun.'' --Piers
Plowman.
Ywis \Y*wis"\, adv. [OE. ywis, iwis, AS. gewis certain; akin to
D. gewis, G. gewiss, and E. wit to know. See {Wit} to know,
and {Y-}.]
Certainly; most likely; truly; probably. [Obs. or Archaic]
``Ywis,'' quod he, ``it is full dear, I say.''
--Chaucer.
She answered me, ``I-wisse, all their sport in the park
is but a shadow to that pleasure that I find in
Plato.'' --Ascham.
A right good knight, and true of word ywis. --Spenser.
Note: The common form iwis was often written with the prefix
apart from the rest of the word and capitalized, as, I
wis, I wisse, etc. The prefix was mistaken for the
pronoun, I and wis, wisse, for a form of the verb wit
to know. See {Wis}, and cf. {Wit}, to know.
Our ship, I wis, Shall be of another form than
this. --Longfellow.
Z \Z\ (z[=e]; in England commonly, and in America sometimes,
z[e^]d; formerly, also, [i^]z"z[e^]rd)
Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet,
is a vocal consonant. It is taken from the Latin letter Z,
which came from the Greek alphabet, this having it from a
Semitic source. The ultimate origin is probably Egyptian.
Etymologically, it is most closely related to s, y, and j; as
in glass, glaze; E. yoke, Gr. ?, L. yugum; E. zealous,
jealous. See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 273, 274.
Za \Za\, n. (Min.)
An old solfeggio name for B flat; the seventh harmonic, as
heard in the or [ae]olian string; -- so called by Tartini. It
was long considered a false, but is the true note of the
chord of the flat seventh. --H. W. Poole.
Zabaism \Za"ba*ism\, Zabism \Za"bism\, n.
See {Sabianism}.
Zabian \Za"bi*an\, a. & n.
See {Sabian}.
Zacco \Zac"co\, n. (Arch.)
See {Zocco}.
Zachun \Za*chun"\, n. (Bot.)
An oil pressed by the Arabs from the fruit of a small thorny
tree ({Balanites [AE]gyptiaca}), and sold to piligrims for a
healing ointment. --J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
Zaerthe \Zaer"the\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Z[aum]rthe}.
Zaffer \Zaf"fer\, n. [F. zafre, safre; cf. Sp. zafra, safra, It.
saffera, G. zaffer; all probably of Arabic origin. Cf.
{Zaphara}.]
A pigment obtained, usually by roasting cobalt glance with
sand or quartz, as a dark earthy powder. It consists of crude
cobalt oxide, or of an impure cobalt arseniate. It is used in
porcelain painting, and in enameling pottery, to produce a
blue color, and is often confounded with smalt, from which,
however, it is distinct, as it contains no potash. The name
is often loosely applied to mixtures of zaffer proper with
silica, or oxides of iron, manganese, etc. [Written also
{zaffre}, and formerly {zaffree}, {zaffar}, {zaffir}.]
Zaim \Zaim\ (?; 277), n. [Turk. & Ar. za'[=i]m.]
A Turkish chief who supports a mounted militia bearing the
same name. --Smart.
Zaimet \Zaim"et\ (?; 277), n. [Turk. & Ar. za'[=i]met.]
A district from which a Zaim draws his revenue. --Smart.
Zain \Zain\, n.
A horse of a dark color, neither gray nor white, and having
no spots. --Smart.
Zalambdodont \Za*lamb"do*dont\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to a tribe ({Zalambdodonta}) of Insectivora
in which the molar teeth have but one V-shaped ridge.
Zalambdodont \Za*lamb"do*dont\, n.
One of the {Zalambdodonta}. The tenrec, solenodon, and golden
moles are examples.
Zamang \Za*mang"\, n. (Bot.)
An immense leguminous tree ({Pithecolobium Saman}) of
Venezuela. Its branches form a hemispherical mass, often one
hundred and eighty feet across. The sweet pulpy pods are used
commonly for feeding cattle. Also called {rain tree}. --J.
Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
Zambo \Zam"bo\, n.; pl. {Zambos}. [See {Sambo}.]
The child of a mulatto and a negro; also, the child of an
Indian and a negro; colloquially or humorously, a negro; a
sambo.
Zamia \Za"mi*a\, n. [L. zamia a kind of fir cone, from Gr. ?, ?,
hurt, damage. See Plin. xvi. 44.] (Bot.)
A genus of cycadaceous plants, having the appearance of low
palms, but with exogenous wood. See {Coontie}, and Illust. of
{Strobile}.
Zamindar \Zam`in*dar"\, n. [Hind. zem[=i]nd[=a]r,
zam[=i]nd[=a]r, a landholder, Per. zam[=i]nd[=a]r; zam[=i]n
land d[=a]r holding.]
A landowner; also, a collector of land revenue; now, usually,
a kind of feudatory recognized as an actual proprietor so
long as he pays to the government a certain fixed revenue.
[Written also {zemindar}.] [India]
Zamindary \Zam"in*da*ry\, Zamindari \Zam"in*da*ri\, n.
The jurisdiction of a zamindar; the land possessed by a
zamindar. [Written also {zemindary}, {zemindari}.]
Zamite \Za"mite\, n. (Paleon.)
A fossil cycad of the genus Zamia.
Zamouse \Za*mouse"\, n. [From a native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A West African buffalo ({Bubalus brachyceros}) having short
horns depressed at the base, and large ears fringed
internally with three rows of long hairs. It is destitute of
a dewlap. Called also {short-horned buffalo}, and {bush cow}.
Zampogna \Zam*po"gna\, n. [It.] (Mus.)
A sort of bagpipe formerly in use among Italian peasants. It
is now almost obsolete. [Written also {zampugna}.]
Zander \Zan"der\, n. [Cf. D. zand sand.] (Zo["o]l.)
A European pike perch ({Stizostedion lucioperca}) allied to
the wall-eye; -- called also {sandari}, {sander}, {sannat},
{schill}, and {zant}.
Zandmole \Zand"mole`\, n. [Cf. D. zand sand. See {Sand}, and
{Mole} the animal.] (Zo["o]l.)
The sand mole.
Zante \Zan"te\, n. (Bot.)
See {Zantewood}.
Zante currant \Zan"te cur"rant\
A kind of seedless grape or raisin; -- so called from Zante,
one of the Ionian Islands.
Zantewood \Zan"te*wood`\, n. (Bot.)
(a) A yellow dyewood; fustet; -- called also {zante}, and
{zante fustic}. See {Fustet}, and the Note under
{Fustic}.
(b) Satinwood ({Chloroxylon Swietenia}).
Zantiot \Zan"ti*ot\, n.
A native or inhabitant of Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.
Zany \Za"ny\, n.; pl. {Zanies}. [It. zanni a buffoon,
merry-andrew, orig. same as Giovanni John, i. e., merry John,
L. Ioannes, Gr. ?, Heb. Y[=o]kh[=a]n[=a]n, prop., the Lord
graciously gave: cf. F. zani, fr. the Italian. Cf.
{Jenneting}.]
A merry-andrew; a buffoon.
Then write that I may follow, and so be Thy echo, thy
debtor, thy foil, thy zany. --Donne.
Preacher at once, and zany of thy age. --Pope.
Zany \Za"ny\, v. t.
To mimic. [Obs.]
Your part is acted; give me leave at distance To zany
it. --Massinger.
Zanyism \Za"ny*ism\, n.
State or character of a zany; buffoonery. --Coleridge. --H.
Morley.
Zaphara \Zaph"a*ra\, n.
Zaffer.
Zaphrentis \Za*phren"tis\, n. [NL.] (Paleon.)
An extinct genus of cyathophylloid corals common in the
Paleozoic formations. It is cup-shaped with numerous septa,
and with a deep pit in one side of the cup.
Zapotilla \Zap`o*til"la\, n. (Bot.)
See {Sapodilla}.
Zaptiah \Zap"ti*ah\, n.
A Turkish policeman. [Written also {zaptieh}.]
Zarathustrian \Zar`a*thus"tri*an\, Zarathustric
\Zar`a*thus"tric\, a.
Of or pertaining to Zarathustra, or Zoroaster; Zoroastrian.
--Tylor.
Zarathustrism \Zar`a*thus"trism\, n.
See {Zoroastrianism}.
Zaratite \Zar"a*tite\, n. (Min.) [Named after Gen. Zarata of
Spain.]
A hydrous carbonate of nickel occurring as an emerald-green
incrustation on chromite; -- called also {emerald nickel}.
Zareba \Za*re"ba\, n. (Mil.)
An improvised stockade; especially, one made of thorn bushes,
etc. [Written also {zareeba}, and {zeriba}.] [Egypt]
``Ah,'' he moralizes, ``what wonderful instinct on the
part of this little creature to surround itself with a
zareba like the troops after Osman Digma.'' --R.
Jefferies.
Zarnich \Zar"nich\, n. [F., fr. Ar. az-zern[=i]kh, fr. Gr. ?.
See {Arsenic}.] (Min.)
Native sulphide of arsenic, including sandarach, or realgar,
and orpiment.
Zarthe \Z["a]r"the\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A European bream ({Abramis vimba}). [Written also {zaerthe}.]
Zati \Za"ti\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A species of macaque ({Macacus pileatus}) native of India and
Ceylon. It has a crown of long erect hair, and tuft of
radiating hairs on the back of the head. Called also {capped
macaque}.
Zauschneria \Zau*schne"ri*a\, n. [NL., named for M. Zauschner, a
Bohemian botanist.] (Bot.)
A genus of flowering plants. {Zauschneria Californica} is a
suffrutescent perennial, with showy red flowers much
resembling those of the garden fuchsia.
Zax \Zax\ (z[a^]ks), n.
A tool for trimming and puncturing roofing slates. [Written
also {sax}.]
Zayat \Za"yat\ (?; 277), n.
A public shed, or portico, for travelers, worshipers, etc.
[Burmah]
Zea \Ze"a\ (z[=e]"[.a]), n. [L., a kind of grain, fr. Gr. ze`a,
zeia`; cf. Skr. yava barley.] (Bot.)
A genus of large grasses of which the Indian corn ({Zea
Mays}) is the only species known. Its origin is not yet
ascertained. See {Maize}.
Zeal \Zeal\ (z[=e]l), n. [F. z[`e]le; cf. Pg. & It. zelo, Sp.
zelo, celo; from L. zelus, Gr. ?, probably akin to ? to boil.
Cf. {Yeast}, {Jealous}.]
1. Passionate ardor in the pursuit of anything; eagerness in
favor of a person or cause; ardent and active interest;
engagedness; enthusiasm; fervor. ``Ambition varnished o'er
with zeal.'' --Milton. ``Zeal, the blind conductor of the
will.'' --Dryden. ``Zeal's never-dying fire.'' --Keble.
I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but
not according to knowledge. --Rom. x. 2.
A zeal for liberty is sometimes an eagerness to
subvert with little care what shall be established.
--Johnson.
2. A zealot. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Zeal \Zeal\, v. i.
To be zealous. [Obs. & R.] --Bacon.
Zealant \Zeal"ant\, n.
One who is zealous; a zealot; an enthusiast. [Obs.]
To certain zealants, all speech of pacification is
odious. --Bacon.
Zealed \Zealed\, a.
Full of zeal; characterized by zeal. [Obs.] ``Zealed
religion.'' --Beau. & Fl.
Zealful \Zeal"ful\, a.
Full of zeal. [R.] --Sylvester.
Zealless \Zeal"less\, a.
Wanting zeal. --Hammond.
Zealot \Zeal"ot\, n. [F. z['e]lote, L. zelotes, Gr. ?. See
{Zeal}.]
One who is zealous; one who engages warmly in any cause, and
pursues his object with earnestness and ardor; especially,
one who is overzealous, or carried away by his zeal; one
absorbed in devotion to anything; an enthusiast; a fanatical
partisan.
Zealots for the one [tradition] were in hostile array
against zealots for the other. --Sir J.
Stephen.
In Ayrshire, Clydesdale, Nithisdale, Annandale, every
parish was visited by these turbulent zealots.
--Macaulay.
Zealotical \Zea*lot"ic*al\, a.
Like, or suitable to, a zealot; ardently zealous. [R.]
--Strype.
Zealotism \Zeal"ot*ism\, n.
The character or conduct of a zealot; zealotry.
Zealotist \Zeal"ot*ist\, n.
A zealot. [Obs.] --Howell.
Zealotry \Zeal"ot*ry\, n.
The character and behavior of a zealot; excess of zeal;
fanatical devotion to a cause.
Enthusiasm, visionariness, seems the tendency of the
German; zeal, zealotry, of the English; fanaticism, of
the French. --Coleridge.
Zealous \Zeal"ous\ (?; 277), a. [LL. zelosus. See {Zeal}.]
1. Filled with, or characterized by, zeal; warmly engaged, or
ardent, in behalf of an object.
He may be zealous in the salvation of souls. --Law.
2. Filled with religious zeal. [Obs.] --Shak. --
{Zeal"ous*ly}, adv. -- {Zeal"ous*ness}, n.
Zebec \Ze"bec\, n. (Naut.)
See {Xebec}.
Zebra \Ze"bra\, n. [Pg. zebra; cf. Sp. cebra; probably from a
native African name.] (Zo["o]l.)
Either one of two species of South African wild horses
remarkable for having the body white or yellowish white, and
conspicuously marked with dark brown or brackish bands.
Note: The true or mountain zebra ({Equus, or Asinus, zebra})
is nearly white, and the bands which cover the body and
legs are glossy black. Its tail has a tuft of black
hair at the tip. It inhabits the mountains of Central
and Southern Africa, and is noted for its wariness and
wildness, as well as for its swiftness. The second
species ({Equus, or Asinus, Burchellii}), known as
{Burchell's zebra}, and {dauw}, inhabits the grassy
plains of South Africa, and differs from the preceding
in not having dark bands on the legs, while those on
the body are more irregular. It has a long tail,
covered with long white flowing hair.
{Zebra caterpillar}, the larva of an American noctuid moth
({Mamestra picta}). It is light yellow, with a broad black
stripe on the back and one on each side; the lateral
stripes are crossed with withe lines. It feeds on
cabbages, beets, clover, and other cultivated plants.
{Zebra opossum}, the zebra wolf. See under {Wolf}.
{Zebra parrakeet}, an Australian grass parrakeet, often kept
as a cage bird. Its upper parts are mostly pale greenish
yellow, transversely barred with brownish black crescents;
the under parts, rump, and upper tail coverts, are bright
green; two central tail feathers and the cheek patches are
blue. Called also {canary parrot}, {scallop parrot},
{shell parrot}, and {undulated parrot}.
{Zebra poison} (Bot.), a poisonous tree ({Euphorbia arborea})
of the Spurge family, found in South Africa. Its milky
juice is so poisonous that zebras have been killed by
drinking water in which its branches had been placed, and
it is also used as an arrow poison. --J. Smith (Dict.
Econ. Plants).
{Zebra shark}. Same as {Tiger shark}, under {Tiger}.
{Zebra spider}, a hunting spider.
{Zebra swallowtail}, a very large North American
swallow-tailed butterfly ({Iphiclides ajax}), in which the
wings are yellow, barred with black; -- called also
{ajax}.
{Zebra wolf}. See under {Wolf}.
Zebrawood \Ze"bra*wood`\, n.
(a) A kind of cabinet wood having beautiful black, brown, and
whitish stripes, the timber of a tropical American tree
({Connarus Guianensis}).
(b) The wood of a small West Indian myrtaceous tree ({Eugenia
fragrans}).
(c) The wood of an East Indian tree of the genus {Guettarda}.
Zebrine \Ze"brine\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, the zebra.
Zebu \Ze"bu\, n. [?. z['e]bu; of uncertain origin.] (Zo["o]l.)
A bovine mammal ({Ros Indicus}) extensively domesticated in
India, China, the East Indies, and East Africa. It usually
has short horns, large pendulous ears, slender legs, a large
dewlap, and a large, prominent hump over the shoulders; but
these characters vary in different domestic breeds, which
range in size from that of the common ox to that of a large
mastiff.
Note: Some of the varieties are used as beasts of burden, and
some fore for riding, while others are raised for their
milk and flesh. The Brahmin bull, regarded as sacred by
the Hindoos, also belongs to this species. The male is
called also {Indian bull}, {Indian ox}, {Madras ox},
and {sacred bull}.
Zebub \Ze"bub\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large noxious fly of Abyssinia, which like the tsetse fly,
is destructive to cattle.
Zechin \Ze"chin\ (?; 277), n.
See {Sequin}.
Zechstein \Zech"stein`\, n. [Gr., fr. zeche a mine + stein a
stone.] (Geol.)
The upper division of the Permian (Dyas) of Europe. The
prevailing rock is a magnesian limestone.
Zed \Zed\, n. [F., probably through It. zeta, fr. L. zeta. See
{Zeta}.]
The letter {Z}; -- called also {zee}, and formerly {izzard}.
``Zed, thou unnecessary letter!'' --Shak.
Zedoary \Zed"o*a*ry\, n. [F. z['e]doaire, LL. zedoaria; cf. It.
zedoaria, zettovario, Pg. zedoaria, Sp. zedoaria, cedoaria;
all fr. Ar. & Per. zedw?r.] (Med.)
A medicinal substance obtained in the East Indies, having a
fragrant smell, and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. It is
used in medicine as a stimulant.
Note: It is the rhizome of different species of {Curcuma},
esp. {C. zedoaria}, and comes in short, firm pieces,
externally of a wrinkled gray, ash-colored appearance,
but within of a brownish red color. There are two
kinds, round zedoary, and long zedoary.
Zeekoe \Zee"koe\, n. [D., sea cow, lake cow.] (Zo["o]l.)
A hippopotamus.
Zehner \Zeh"ner\, n. [G.]
An Austrian silver coin equal to ten kreutzers, or about five
cents.
Zein \Ze"in\, n. [Cf. F. z['e]["i]ne. See {Zea}.] (Chem.)
A nitrogenous substance of the nature of gluten, obtained
from the seeds of Indian corn ({Zea}) as a soft, yellowish,
amorphous substance. [Formerly written {zeine}.]
Zemindar \Zem`in*dar"\, n.
Same as {Zamindar}.
Zemindary \Zem"in*da*ry\, Zemindari \Zem"in*da*ri\, n.
Same as {Zamindary}.
Zemni \Zem"ni\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The blind mole rat ({Spalax typhlus}), native of Eastern
Europe and Asia. Its eyes and ears are rudimentary, and its
fur is soft and brownish, more or less tinged with gray. It
constructs extensive burrows.
Zenana \Ze*na"na\, n. [Hind. zen[=a]na, zan[=a]na, fr. Per.
zan[=a]na, fr. zan woman; akin to E. queen.]
The part of a dwelling appropriated to women. [India]
Zend \Zend\, n. [See {Zend-Avesta}.]
Properly, the translation and exposition in the Huzv[^a]resh,
or literary Pehlevi, language, of the Avesta, the Zoroastrian
sacred writings; as commonly used, the language (an ancient
Persian dialect) in which the Avesta is written.
Zend-Avesta \Zend`-A*ves"ta\, n. [Properly, the Avesta, or
sacred text, and its zend, or interpretation, in a more
modern and intelligible language. --W. D. Whitney.]
The sacred writings of the ancient Persian religion,
attributed to Zoroaster, but chiefly of a later date.
Zendik \Zen"dik\, n. [Ar. zand[=i]k.]
An atheist or unbeliever; -- name given in the East to those
charged with disbelief of any revealed religion, or accused
of magical heresies.
Zenick \Ze"nick\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A South African burrowing mammal ({Suricata tetradactyla}),
allied to the civets. It is grayish brown, with yellowish
transverse stripes on the back. Called also {suricat}.
Zenik \Ze"nik\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Zenick}.
Zenith \Ze"nith\ (?; 277), n. [OE. senyth, OF. cenith, F.
z['e]nith, Sp. zenit, cenit, abbrev. fr. Ar. samt-urras way
of the head, vertical place; samt way, path + al the + ras
head. Cf. {Azimuth}.]
1. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is
vertical to the spectator; the point of the heavens
directly overhead; -- opposed to {nadir}.
From morn To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve, A
summer's day; and with the setting sun Dropped from
the zenith, like a falling star. --Milton.
2. hence, figuratively, the point of culmination; the
greatest height; the height of success or prosperity.
I find my zenith doth depend upon A most auspicious
star. --Shak.
This dead of midnight is the noon of thought, And
wisdom mounts her zenith with the stars. --Mrs.
Barbauld.
It was during those civil troubles . . . this
aspiring family reached the zenith. --Macaulay.
{Zenith distance}. (Astron.) See under {Distance}.
{Zenith sector}. (Astron.) See {Sector}, 3.
{Zenith telescope} (Geodesy), a telescope specially designed
for determining the latitude by means of any two stars
which pass the meridian about the same time, and at nearly
equal distances from the zenith, but on opposite sides of
it. It turns both on a vertical and a horizontal axis, is
provided with a graduated vertical semicircle, and a level
for setting it to a given zenith distance, and with a
micrometer for measuring the difference of the zenith
distances of the two stars.
Zenithal \Ze"nith*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to the zenith. ``The deep zenithal blue.''
--Tyndall.
Zeolite \Ze"o*lite\, n. [Gr. ? to boil + -lite: cf. F.
z['e]olithe.] (Min.)
A term now used to designate any one of a family of minerals,
hydrous silicates of alumina, with lime, soda, potash, or
rarely baryta. Here are included natrolite, stilbite,
analcime, chabazite, thomsonite, heulandite, and others.
These species occur of secondary origin in the cavities of
amygdaloid, basalt, and lava, also, less frequently, in
granite and gneiss. So called because many of these species
intumesce before the blowpipe.
{Needle zeolite}, needlestone; natrolite.
Zeolitic \Ze`o*lit"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to a zeolite; consisting of, or resembling,
a zeolite.
Zeolitiform \Ze`o*lit"i*form\, a.
Having the form of a zeolite.
Zephyr \Zeph"yr\, n. [L. zephyrus, Gr. ?, akin to ? darkness,
the dark side, west: cf. F. z['e]phyr.]
The west wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. ``Soft
the zephyr blows.'' --Gray.
As gentle As zephyrs blowing below the violet. --Shak.
{Zephyr cloth}, a thin kind of cassimere made in Belgium;
also, a waterproof fabric of wool.
{Zephyr shawl}, a kind of thin, light, embroidered shawl made
of worsted and cotton.
{Zephyr yarn}, or {worsted}, a fine, soft kind of yarn or
worsted, -- used for knitting and embroidery.
Zephyrus \Zeph"y*rus\, n. [L. See {Zephyr}.]
The west wind, or zephyr; -- usually personified, and made
the most mild and gentle of all the sylvan deities.
Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes. --Milton.
Zequin \Ze"quin\, n.
See {Sequin}.
Zerda \Zer"da\, n. [Of African origin.] (Zo["o]l.)
The fennec.
Zeriba \Ze*ri"ba\, n. (Mil.)
Same as {Zareba}.
Zero \Ze"ro\, n.; pl. {Zeros}or {Zeroes}. [F. z['e]ro, from Ar.
[,c]afrun, [,c]ifrun, empty, a cipher. Cf. {Cipher}.]
1. (Arith.) A cipher; nothing; naught.
2. The point from which the graduation of a scale, as of a
thermometer, commences.
Note: Zero in the Centigrade, or Celsius thermometer, and in
the R['e]aumur thermometer, is at the point at which
water congeals. The zero of the Fahrenheit thermometer
is fixed at the point at which the mercury stands when
immersed in a mixture of snow and common salt. In
Wedgwood's pyrometer, the zero corresponds with
1077[deg] on the Fahrenheit scale. See Illust. of
{Thermometer}.
3. Fig.: The lowest point; the point of exhaustion; as, his
patience had nearly reached zero.
{Absolute zero}. See under {Absolute}.
{Zero method} (Physics), a method of comparing, or measuring,
forces, electric currents, etc., by so opposing them that
the pointer of an indicating apparatus, or the needle of a
galvanometer, remains at, or is brought to, zero, as
contrasted with methods in which the deflection is
observed directly; -- called also {null method}.
{Zero point}, the point indicating zero, or the commencement
of a scale or reckoning.
Zest \Zest\, n. [F. zeste, probably fr. L. schistos split,
cleft, divided, Gr. ?, from ? to split, cleave. Cf.
{Schism}.]
1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic oil which
may be squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to
liquor, etc.
2. Hence, something that gives or enhances a pleasant taste,
or the taste itself; an appetizer; also, keen enjoyment;
relish; gusto.
Almighty Vanity! to thee they owe Their zest of
pleasure, and their balm of woe. --Young.
Liberality of disposition and conduct gives the
highest zest and relish to social intercourse.
--Gogan.
3. The woody, thick skin inclosing the kernel of a walnut.
[Obs.]
Zest \Zest\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Zested}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Zesting}.]
1. To cut into thin slips, as the peel of an orange, lemon,
etc.; to squeeze, as peel, over the surface of anything.
2. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten the taste or
relish of; as, to zest wine. --Gibber.
Zeta \Ze"ta\, n. [L., from Gr. ?. Cf. {Zed}.]
A Greek letter [[zeta]] corresponding to our z.
Zetetic \Ze*tet"ic\, a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to seek: cf. F.
z['e]t['e]tique.]
Seeking; proceeding by inquiry.
{Zetetic method} (Math.), the method used for finding the
value of unknown quantities by direct search, in
investigation, or in the solution of problems. [R.]
--Hutton.
Zetetic \Ze*tet"ic\, n.
A seeker; -- a name adopted by some of the Pyrrhonists.
Zetetics \Ze*tet"ics\, n. [See {Zetetic}, a.] (Math.)
A branch of algebra which relates to the direct search for
unknown quantities. [R.]
Zeuglodon \Zeu"glo*don\, n. [Gr. ? the strap or loop of a yoke +
?, ?, tooth.] (Paleon.)
A genus of extinct Eocene whales, remains of which have been
found in the Gulf States. The species had very long and
slender bodies and broad serrated teeth. See {Phocodontia}.
Zeuglodont \Zeu"glo*dont\, (Zo["o]l.)
Any species of Zeuglodonta.
Zeuglodonta \Zeu`glo*don"ta\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Phocodontia}.
Zeugma \Zeug"ma\, n. [L., from Gr. ?, fr. ? to yoke, join. See
{Yoke}.] (Gram.)
A figure by which an adjective or verb, which agrees with a
nearer word, is, by way of supplement, referred also to
another more remote; as, ``hic illius arma, hic currus
fuit;'' where fuit, which agrees directly with currus, is
referred also to arma.
Zeugmatic \Zeug*mat"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to zeugma; characterized by zeugma.
Zeugobranchiata \Zeu`go*bran`chi*a"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?
to yoke + ? a gill.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Zygobranchia}.
Zeus \Zeus\, n. (Gr. Myth.)
The chief deity of the Greeks, and ruler of the upper world
(cf. {Hades}). He was identified with Jupiter.
Zeuzerian \Zeu*ze"ri*an\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of a group of bombycid moths of which the genus
{Zeuzera} is the type. Some of these moths are of large size.
The goat moth is an example.
Zeylanite \Zey"lan*ite\, n. (Min.)
See {Ceylanite}.
Zibet \Zib"et\, Zibeth \Zib"eth\, n. [Cf. It. zibetto. See
{Civet}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A carnivorous mammal ({Viverra zibetha}) closely allied to
the civet, from which it differs in having the spots on the
body less distinct, the throat whiter, and the black rings on
the tail more numerous.
Note: It inhabits India, Southern China, and the East Indies.
It yields a perfume similar to that of the civet. It is
often domesticated by the natives, and then serves the
same purposes as the domestic cat. Called also
{Asiatic, or Indian, civet}.
Ziega \Zie"ga\, n.
Curd produced from milk by adding acetic acid, after rennet
has ceased to cause coagulation. --Brande & C.
Zietrisikite \Zie`tri*si"kite\, n. (Min.)
A mineral wax, vert similar to ozocerite. It is found at
Zietrisika, Moldavia, whence its name.
Zif \Zif\, n. [Heb. ziv.]
The second month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year,
corresponding to our May.
Zigger \Zig"ger\, Zighyr \Zig"hyr\, v. i. (Mining)
Same as {Sicker}. [Prov. Eng.] --Raymond.
Zigzag \Zig"zag`\, n. [F. zigzag, G. zickzack, from zacke,
zacken, a dentil, tooth. Cf. {Tack} a small nail.]
1. Something that has short turns or angles.
The fanatics going straight forward and openly, the
politicians by the surer mode of zigzag. --Burke.
2. (Arch.) A molding running in a zigzag line; a chevron, or
series of chevrons. See Illust. of {Chevron}, 3.
3. (Fort.) See {Boyau}.
Zigzag \Zig"zag`\, a.
Having short, sharp turns; running this way and that in an
onward course.
Zigzag \Zig"zag`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Zigzagged}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Zigzagging}.]
To form with short turns.
Zigzag \Zig"zag`\, v. i.
To move in a zigzag manner; also, to have a zigzag shape.
--R. Browning.
Zigzaggery \Zig"zag`ger*y\, n.
The quality or state of being zigzag; crookedness. [R.]
The . . . zigzaggery of my father's approaches.
--Sterne.
Zigzaggy \Zig"zag`gy\, a.
Having sharp turns. --Barham.
Zilla \Zil"la\, n. (Bot.)
A low, thorny, suffrutescent, crucifeous plant ({Zilla
myagroides}) found in the deserts of Egypt. Its leaves are
boiled in water, and eaten, by the Arabs.
Zillah \Zil"lah\, n. [Ar. zila.]
A district or local division, as of a province. [India]
Zimb \Zimb\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A large, venomous, two-winged fly, native of Abyssinia. It is
allied to the tsetse fly, and, like the latter, is
destructive to cattle.
Ziment-water \Zim"ent-wa`ter\, n. [G. cement-wasser. See
{Cement}.]
A kind of water found in copper mines; water impregnated with
copper.
Zinc \Zinc\ (z[i^][ng]k), n. [G. zink, probably akin to zinn
tin: cf. F. zinc, from the German. Cf. {Tin}.] (Chem.)
An abundant element of the magnesium-cadmium group, extracted
principally from the minerals zinc blende, smithsonite,
calamine, and franklinite, as an easily fusible bluish white
metal, which is malleable, especially when heated. It is not
easily oxidized in moist air, and hence is used for sheeting,
coating galvanized iron, etc. It is used in making brass,
britannia, and other alloys, and is also largely consumed in
electric batteries. Symbol Zn. Atomic weight 64.9. [Formerly
written also {zink}.]
{Butter of zinc} (Old Chem.), zinc chloride, {ZnCl2}, a
deliquescent white waxy or oily substance.
{Oxide of zinc}. (Chem.) See {Zinc oxide}, below.
{Zinc amine} (Chem.), a white amorphous substance,
{Zn(NH2)2}, obtained by the action of ammonia on zinc
ethyl; -- called also {zinc amide}.
{Zinc amyle} (Chem.), a colorless, transparent liquid,
composed of zinc and amyle, which, when exposed to the
atmosphere, emits fumes, and absorbs oxygen with rapidity.
{Zinc blende} [cf. G. zinkblende] (Min.), a native zinc
sulphide. See {Blende}, n.
(a) .
{Zinc bloom} [cf. G. zinkblumen flowers of zinc, oxide of
zinc] (Min.), hydrous carbonate of zinc, usually occurring
in white earthy incrustations; -- called also
{hydrozincite}.
{Zinc ethyl} (Chem.), a colorless, transparent, poisonous
liquid, composed of zinc and ethyl, which takes fire
spontaneously on exposure to the atmosphere.
{Zinc green}, a green pigment consisting of zinc and cobalt
oxides; -- called also {Rinmann's green}.
{Zinc methyl} (Chem.), a colorless mobile liquid {Zn(CH3)2},
produced by the action of methyl iodide on a zinc sodium
alloy. It has a disagreeable odor, and is spontaneously
inflammable in the air. It has been of great importance in
the synthesis of organic compounds, and is the type of a
large series of similar compounds, as zinc ethyl, zinc
amyle, etc.
{Zinc oxide} (Chem.), the oxide of zinc, {ZnO}, forming a
light fluffy sublimate when zinc is burned; -- called also
{flowers of zinc}, {philosopher's wool}, {nihil album},
etc. The impure oxide produced by burning the metal,
roasting its ores, or in melting brass, is called also
{pompholyx}, and {tutty}.
{Zinc spinel} (Min.), a mineral, related to spinel,
consisting essentially of the oxides of zinc and
aluminium; gahnite.
{Zinc vitriol} (Chem.), zinc sulphate. See {White vitriol},
under {Vitriol}.
{Zinc white}, a white powder consisting of zinc oxide, used
as a pigment.
Zinc \Zinc\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Zincked} or {Zinced}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Zincking} or {Zincing}.]
To coat with zinc; to galvanize.
Zincane \Zinc"ane\, n. (Chem.)
Zinc chloride. [Obs.]
Zincic \Zinc"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, zinc; zincous.
Zincide \Zinc"ide\, n.
A binary compound of zinc. [R.]
Zinciferous \Zinc*if"er*ous\, a. [Zinc + -ferous.]
Containing or affording zinc.
Zincification \Zinc`i*fi*ca"tion\, n.
The act or process of applying zinc; the condition of being
zincified, or covered with zinc; galvanization.
Zincify \Zinc"i*fy\, v. t. [Zinc + -fy.] (Metal.)
To coat or impregnate with zinc.
Zincite \Zinc"ite\, n. (Min.)
Native zinc oxide; a brittle, translucent mineral, of an
orange-red color; -- called also {red zinc ore}, and {red
oxide of zinc}.
Zincking \Zinck"ing\, or Zincing \Zinc"ing\, n. (Metal.)
The act or process of applying zinc; galvanization.
Zincky \Zinck"y\, a.
Pertaining to zinc, or having its appearance. [Written also
{zinky}.]
Zinco- \Zin"co-\
A combining form from zinc; in chemistry, designating zinc as
an element of certain double compounds. Also used
adjectively.
Zincode \Zinc"ode\, n. [Zinc + -ode, as in electrode.] (Elec.)
The positive electrode of an electrolytic cell; anode. [R.]
--Miller.
Zincographer \Zin*cog"ra*pher\, n.
An engraver on zinc.
Zincongraphic \Zin`con*graph"ic\, Zincongraphical
\Zin`con*graph"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to zincography; as, zincographic processes.
Zincography \Zin*cog"ra*phy\, n. [Zinco- + -graphy.]
The art or process of engraving or etching on zinc, in which
the design is left in relief in the style of a wood cut, the
rest of the ground being eaten away by acid.
Zincoid \Zinc"oid\, a. [Zinc + -oid.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, zinc; -- said of the
electricity of the zincous plate in connection with a copper
plate in a voltaic circle; also, designating the positive
pole. [Obs.]
Zinco-polar \Zin`co-po"lar\, a. [Zinco- + polar.] (Elec.)
Electrically polarized like the surface of the zinc presented
to the acid in a battery, which has zincous affinity. [Obs.]
Zincous \Zinc"ous\, a.
1. (Chem.)
(a) Of, pertaining to, or containing, zinc; zincic; as,
zincous salts.
(b) Hence, formerly, basic, basylous, as opposed to
{chlorous}.
2. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the positive pole of a
galvanic battery; electro-positive.
Zingaro \Zin"ga*ro\, n.; pl. {Zingari}. [It.]
A gypsy.
Zingel \Zing"el\ (z[i^]ng"el), n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small, edible, freshwater European perch ({Aspro zingel}),
having a round, elongated body and prominent snout.
Zingiberaceous \Zin`gi*ber*a"ceous\
(z[i^]n`j[i^]*b[~e]r*[=a]"sh[u^]s), a. [L. zingiber ginger.
See {Ginger}.] (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to ginger, or to a tribe ({Zingibere[ae]})
of endogenous plants of the order {Scitamine[ae]}. See
{Scitamineous}.
Zink \Zink\ (z[i^][ng]k), n. (Chem.)
See {Zinc}. [Obs.]
Zinkenite \Zink"en*ite\ (-en*[imac]t), n. [From Zinken, director
at one time of the Hanoverian mines.] (Min.)
A steel-gray metallic mineral, a sulphide of antimony and
lead.
Zinky \Zink"y\, a.
See {Zincky}. --Kirwan.
Zinnia \Zin"ni*a\, n. [NL. So called after Professor Zinn, of
G["o]ttingen.] (Bot.)
Any plant of the composite genus {Zinnia}, Mexican herbs with
opposite leaves and large gay-colored blossoms. {Zinnia
elegans} is the commonest species in cultivation.
Zinnwaldite \Zinn"wald*ite\, n. [So called after Zinnwald, in
Bohemia, where it occurs.] (Min.)
A kind of mica containing lithium, often associated with tin
ore.
Zinsang \Zin"sang\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The delundung.
Zinziberaceous \Zin`zi*ber*a"ceous\, a. (Bot.)
Same as {Zingiberaceous}.
Zion \Zi"on\, n. [Heb. ts[=i]y?n, originally, a hill.]
1. (Jewish Antiq.) A hill in Jerusalem, which, after the
capture of that city by the Israelites, became the royal
residence of David and his successors.
2. Hence, the theocracy, or church of God.
3. The heavenly Jerusalem; heaven.
Ziphioid \Ziph"i*oid\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
See {Xiphioid}.
Zirco- \Zir"co-\ (Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively) designating
zirconium as an element of certain double compounds;
zircono-; as in zircofluoric acid, sodium zircofluoride.
Zircofluoride \Zir`co*flu"or*ide\, n. (Chem.)
A double fluoride of zirconium and hydrogen, or some other
positive element or radical; as, zircofluoride of sodium.
Zircon \Zir"con\, n. [F., the same word as jargon. See {Jargon}
a variety of zircon.] (Min.)
A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a
brown or gray color. It consists of silica and zirconia. A
red variety, used as a gem, is called {hyacinth}. Colorless,
pale-yellow or smoky-brown varieties from Ceylon are called
{jargon}.
{Zircon syenite}, a coarse-grained syenite containing zircon
crystals and often also el[ae]olite. It is largely
developed in Southern Norway.
Zircona \Zir"co*na\, n. [NL.] (Chem.)
Zirconia.
Zirconate \Zir"con*ate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of zirconic acid.
Zirconia \Zir*co"ni*a\, n. [NL.] (Chem.)
The oxide of zirconium, obtained as a white powder, and
possessing both acid and basic properties. On account of its
infusibility, and brilliant luminosity when incandescent, it
is used as an ingredient of sticks for the Drummomd light.
Zirconic \Zir*con"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, zirconium; as,
zirconic oxide; zirconic compounds.
{Zirconic acid}, an acid of zirconium analogous to carbonic
and silicic acids, known only in its salts.
Zirconium \Zir*co"ni*um\, n. [NL.] (Chem.)
A rare element of the carbon-silicon group, intermediate
between the metals and nonmetals, obtained from the mineral
zircon as a dark sooty powder, or as a gray metallic
crystalline substance. Symbol Zr. Atomic weight, 90.4.
Zircono \Zir"co*no\
See {Zirco-}.
Zirconoid \Zir"con*oid\, n. [Zircon + oid.] (Crystallog.)
A double eight-sided pyramid, a form common with tetragonal
crystals; -- so called because this form often occurs in
crystals of zircon.
Zither \Zith"er\, n. [G. zither. See {Cittern}.] (Mus.)
An instrument of music used in Austria and Germany. It has
from thirty to forty wires strung across a shallow
sounding-board, which lies horizontally on a table before the
performer, who uses both hands in playing on it.
Note: [Not to be confounded with the old lute-shaped cittern,
or cithern.]
Zittern \Zit"tern\, n. (Min.)
See {Cittern}.
Zizania \Zi*za"ni*a\, n. [NL., from L. zizanium darnel, cockle,
Gr. ?.] (Bot.)
A genus of grasses including Indian rice. See {Indian rice},
under {Rice}.
Zizel \Ziz"el\, n. [G. ziesel.] (Zo["o]l.)
The suslik. [Written also {zisel}.]
Zoanthacea \Zo`an*tha"ce*a\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. zw^,on an
animal + ? flower.] (Zo["o]l.)
A suborder of Actinaria, including {Zoanthus} and allied
genera, which are permanently attached by their bases.
Zoantharia \Zo`an*tha"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Anthozoa}.
Zoantharian \Zo`an*tha"ri*an\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Zoantharia. -- n. One of the
Anthozoa.
Zoanthodeme \Zo*an"tho*deme\, n. [See {Zoantharia}, and {Deme}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
The zooids of a compound anthozoan, collectively.
Zoanthoid \Zo*an"thoid\, a. [See {Zoantharia}, and {-oid}.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Zoanthacea.
Zoanthropy \Zo*an"thro*py\, n. [Gr. ? animal + ? man.] (Med.)
A kind of monomania in which the patient believes himself
transformed into one of the lower animals.
Zoanthus \Zo*an"thus\, n. [NL. See {Zoantharia}.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of Actinaria, including numerous species, found
mostly in tropical seas. The zooids or polyps resemble small,
elongated actinias united together at their bases by fleshy
stolons, and thus forming extensive groups. The tentacles are
small and bright colored.
Zobo \Zo"bo\, n. [Native name.] (Zo["o]l.)
A kind of domestic cattle reared in Asia for its flesh and
milk. It is supposed to be a hybrid between the zebu and the
yak.
Zocle \Zo"cle\ (?; 277), n. (Arch.)
Same as {Socle}.
Zocco \Zoc"co\, Zoccolo \Zoc"co*lo\, n. [It. fr. L. socculus.
See {Socle}, and cf. {Zacco}.] (Arch.)
Same as {Socle}.
Zodiac \Zo"di*ac\, n. [F. zodiaque (cf. It. zodiaco), fr. L.
zodiacus, Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ?, dim. of zw^,on an animal,
akin to ? living, ? to live.]
1. (Astron.)
(a) An imaginary belt in the heavens, 16[deg] or 18[deg]
broad, in the middle of which is the ecliptic, or
sun's path. It comprises the twelve constellations,
which one constituted, and from which were named, the
twelve signs of the zodiac.
(b) A figure representing the signs, symbols, and
constellations of the zodiac.
2. A girdle; a belt. [Poetic & R.]
By his side, As in a glistering zodiac, hung the
sword. --Milton.
Zodiacal \Zo*di"a*cal\, a. [Cf. F. zodiacal.] (Astron.)
Of or pertaining to the zodiac; situated within the zodiac;
as, the zodiacal planets.
{Zodiacal light}, a luminous tract of the sky, of an
elongated, triangular figure, lying near the ecliptic, its
base being on the horizon, and its apex at varying
altitudes. It is to be seen only in the evening, after
twilight, and in the morning before dawn. It is supposed
to be due to sunlight reflected from multitudes of
meteoroids revolving about the sun nearly in the plane of
the ecliptic.
Zoea \Zo"["e]*a\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? life.] (Zo["o]l.)
A peculiar larval stage of certain decapod Crustacea,
especially of crabs and certain Anomura. [Written also
{zo[ae]a}.]
Note: In this stage the anterior part of the body is
relatively large, and usually bears three or four long
spines. The years are conspicuous, and the antenn[ae]
and jaws are long, fringed organs used in swimming. The
thoracic legs are undeveloped or rudimentary, the
abdomen long, slender, and often without appendages.
The zo["e]a, after casting its shell, changes to a
megalops.
Zoetrope \Zo"e*trope\, n. [Gr. ? life + ? turning, from ? to
turn.]
An optical toy, in which figures made to revolve on the
inside of a cylinder, and viewed through slits in its
circumference, appear like a single figure passing through a
series of natural motions as if animated or mechanically
moved.
Zohar \Zo"har\, n. [Heb. z[=o]har candor, splendor.]
A Jewish cabalistic book attributed by tradition to Rabbi
Simon ben Yochi, who lived about the end of the 1st century,
a. d. Modern critics believe it to be a compilation of the
13th century. --Encyc. Brit.
Zoic \Zo"ic\, a. [Gr. ?.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to animals, or animal life.
Zoide \Zo"ide\, n. (Biol.)
See {Meride}.
Zoilean \Zo*il"e*an\, a.
Having the characteristic of Zoilus, a bitter, envious,
unjust critic, who lived about 270 years before Christ.
Zoilism \Zo"i*lism\, n.
Resemblance to Zoilus in style or manner; carping criticism;
detraction.
Bring candid eyes the perusal of men's works, and let
not Zoilism or detraction blast well-intended labors.
--Sir T.
Browne.
Zoisite \Zois"ite\, n. [After its discoverer, Von Zois, an
Austrian mineralogist.] (Min.)
A grayish or whitish mineral occurring in orthorhombic,
prismatic crystals, also in columnar masses. It is a silicate
of alumina and lime, and is allied to epidote.
Zokor \Zo"kor\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
An Asiatic burrowing rodent ({Siphneus aspalax}) resembling
the mole rat. It is native of the Altai Mountains.
Zollverein \Zoll"ve*rein`\, n. [G., from zoll duty + verein
union.]
Literally, a customs union; specifically, applied to the
several customs unions successively formed under the
leadership of Prussia among certain German states for
establishing liberty of commerce among themselves and common
tariff on imports, exports, and transit.
Note: In 1834 a zollverein was established which included
most of the principal German states except Austria.
This was terminated by the events of 1866, and in 1867
a more closely organized union was formed, the
administration of which was ultimately merged in that
of the new German empire, with which it nearly
corresponds territorially.
Zomboruk \Zom"bo*ruk\, n. (Mil.)
See {Zumbooruk}.
Zona \Zo"na\, n.; pl. {Zon[ae]}. [L., a girdle. See {Zone}.]
A zone or band; a layer.
{Zona pellucida}. [NL.] (Biol.)
(a) The outer transparent layer, or envelope, of the ovum. It
is a more or less elastic membrane with radiating
stri[ae], and corresponds to the cell wall of an ordinary
cell. See {Ovum}, and Illust. of {Microscope}.
(b) The zona radiata.
{Zona radiata} [NL.] (Biol.), a radiately striated membrane
situated next the yolk of an ovum, or separated from it by
a very delicate membrane only.
Zonal \Zon"al\, a. [L. zonalis.]
Of or pertaining to a zone; having the form of a zone or
zones.
{Zonal equation} (Crystallog.), the mathematical relation
which belongs to all the planes of a zone, and expresses
their common position with reference to the axes.
{Zonal structure} (Crystallog.), a structure characterized by
the arrangements of color, inclusions, etc., of a crystal
in parallel or concentric layers, which usually follow the
outline of the crystal, and mark the changes that have
taken place during its growth.
{Zonal symmetry}. (Biol.) See the Note under {Symmetry}.
Zonar \Zo"nar\, n. [Mod. Gr. ? a girdle, fr. Gr. ?, dim. of ? a
girdle. See {Zone}.]
A belt or girdle which the Christians and Jews of the Levant
were obliged to wear to distinguish them from Mohammedans.
[Written also {zonnar}.]
Zonaria \Zo*na"ri*a\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of Mammalia in which the placenta is zonelike.
Zonate \Zon"ate\, a. (Bot.)
Divided by parallel planes; as, zonate tetraspores, found in
certain red alg[ae].
Zone \Zone\ (z[=o]n), n. [F. zone, L. zona, Gr. zw`nh; akin to
zwnny`nai to gird, Lith. j[*u]sta a girdle, j[*u]sti to gird,
Zend y[=a]h.]
1. A girdle; a cincture. [Poetic]
An embroidered zone surrounds her waist. --Dryden.
Loose were her tresses seen, her zone unbound.
--Collins.
2. (Geog.) One of the five great divisions of the earth, with
respect to latitude and temperature.
Note: The zones are five: the torrid zone, extending from
tropic to tropic 46[deg] 56[min], or 23[deg] 28[min] on
each side of the equator; two temperate or variable
zones, situated between the tropics and the polar
circles; and two frigid zones, situated between the
polar circles and the poles.
Commerce . . . defies every wind, outrides every
tempest, and invades. --Bancroft.
3. (Math.) The portion of the surface of a sphere included
between two parallel planes; the portion of a surface of
revolution included between two planes perpendicular to
the axis. --Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.)
4. (Nat. Hist.)
(a) A band or stripe extending around a body.
(b) A band or area of growth encircling anything; as, a
zone of evergreens on a mountain; the zone of animal
or vegetable life in the ocean around an island or a
continent; the Alpine zone, that part of mountains
which is above the limit of tree growth.
5. (Crystallog.) A series of planes having mutually parallel
intersections.
6. Circuit; circumference. [R.] --Milton.
{Abyssal zone}. (Phys. Geog.) See under {Abyssal}.
{Zone axis} (Crystallog.), a straight line passing through
the center of a crystal, to which all the planes of a
given zone are parallel.
Zone \Zone\, v. t.
To girdle; to encircle. [R.] --Keats.
Zoned \Zoned\, a.
1. Wearing a zone, or girdle. --Pope.
2. Having zones, or concentric bands; striped.
3. (Bot.) Zonate.
Zoneless \Zone"less\, a.
Not having a zone; ungirded.
The reeling goddess with the zoneless waist. --Cowper.
In careless folds, loose fell her zoneless vest.
--Mason.
Zonnar \Zon"nar\, n.
See {Zonar}.
Zonular \Zon"u*lar\, a.
Of or pertaining to a zone; zone-shaped. ``The zonular type
of a placenta.'' --Dana.
Zonule \Zon"ule\, n.
A little zone, or girdle.
Zonulet \Zon"u*let\, n.
A zonule. --Herrick.
Zonure \Zon"ure\, n. [Zone + Gr. ? tail.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of several of South African lizards of the genus
{Zonura}, common in rocky situations.
Zoo- \Zo"["o]-\
A combining form from Gr. zwo^,n an animal, as in
zo["o]genic, zo["o]logy, etc.
Zoochemical \Zo`["o]*chem"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to zo["o]chemistry.
Zoochemistry \Zo`["o]*chem"is*try\, n. [Zo["o]- + chemistry.]
Animal chemistry; particularly, the description of the
chemical compounds entering into the composition of the
animal body, in distinction from biochemistry.
Zoochemy \Zo*["o]ch"e*my\, n. [Zo["o]- + Gr. ? alchemy.]
Animal chemistry; zo["o]chemistry. --Dunglison.
Zoochlorella \Zo`["o]*chlo*rel"la\, n. [NL., dim. from Gr.
zw^,on an animal + ? green.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the small green granulelike bodies found in the
interior of certain stentors, hydras, and other
invertebrates.
Zoocyst \Zo"["o]*cyst\, n. [Zo["o]- + cyst.] (Biol.)
A cyst formed by certain Protozoa and unicellular plants
which the contents divide into a large number of granules,
each of which becomes a germ.
Zoocytium \Zo`["o]*cy"ti*um\, n.; pl. {Zo["o]cytia}. [NL., fr.
Gr. zw^,on an animal + ? a hollow vessel.] (Zo["o]l.)
The common support, often branched, of certain species of
social Infusoria.
Zoodendrium \Zo`["o]*den"dri*um\, n.; pl. {Zo["o]dendria}. [NL.,
fr. Gr. zw^,on an animal + ? a tree.] (Zo["o]l.)
The branched, and often treelike, support of the colonies of
certain Infusoria.
Zooecium \Zo*[oe]"ci*um\, n.; pl. {Zo[oe]cia}. [NL., fr. Gr.
zw^,on an animal + ? house.] (Zo["o]l.)
One of the cells or tubes which inclose the feeling zooids of
Bryozoa. See Illust. of {Sea Moss}.
Zooerythrine \Zo`["o]*e*ryth"rine\, n. [Zo["o]- + Gr. ? red.]
(Zo["o]l.)
A peculiar organic red coloring matter found in the feathers
of various birds.
Zoogamous \Zo*["o]g"a*mous\, a. [Zo["o]- + Gr. ? marriage.]
(Biol.)
Of or pertaining zo["o]gamy.
Zoogamy \Zo*["o]g"a*my\, n. (Biol.)
The sexual reproduction of animals.
Zoogenic \Zo`["o]*gen"ic\, a. [Zo["o]- + -gen + -ic: cf. Gr. ?
born of an animal.] (Biol.)
Of or pertaining to zo["o]geny, animal production.
Zoogeny \Zo*["o]g"e*ny\, Zoogony \Zo*["o]g"o*ny\, n. [Zo["o]- +
root of Gr. ? to be born, ? offspring.]
The doctrine of the formation of living beings.
Zoogeography \Zo`["o]*ge*og"ra*phy\, n. [Zo["o]- + geography.]
The study or description of the geographical distribution of
animals.
Zoogeographical \Zo`["o]*ge`o*graph"ic*al\, a.
Of or pertaining to zo["o]graphy.
Zoogloea \Zo`["o]*gl[oe]"a\, n. [NL., from Gr. zw^,on an animal
+ ? any glutinous substance.] (Biol.)
A colony or mass of bacteria imbedded in a viscous gelatinous
substance. The zo["o]gl[oe]a is characteristic of a
transitory stage through which rapidly multiplying bacteria
pass in the course of their evolution. Also used adjectively.
Zoographer \Zo*["o]g"ra*pher\, n.
One who describes animals, their forms and habits.
Zoographic \Zo`["o]*graph"ic\, Zoographical
\Zo`["o]*graph"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. zoographique.]
Of or pertaining to the description of animals.
Zoographist \Zo*["o]g"ra*phist\, n.
A zo["o]grapher.
Zoography \Zo*["o]g"ra*phy\, n. [Zo["o]- + -graphy: cf. F.
zoographie.]
A description of animals, their forms and habits.
Zooid \Zo"oid\, a. [Zo["o]- + -oid.] (Biol.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, an animal.
Zooid \Zo"oid\, n.
1. (Biol.) An organic body or cell having locomotion, as a
spermatic cell or spermatozooid.
2. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) An animal in one of its inferior stages of
development, as one of the intermediate forms in
alternate generation.
(b) One of the individual animals in a composite group, as
of Anthozoa, Hydroidea, and Bryozoa; -- sometimes
restricted to those individuals in which the mouth and
digestive organs are not developed.
Zooidal \Zo*oid"al\, a.
Of or pertaining to a zooid; as, a zooidal form.
Zoolatry \Zo*["o]l"a*try\, n. [Zo["o]- + Gr. ? worship.]
The worship of animals.
Zoologer \Zo*["o]l"o*ger\, n.
A zo["o]logist. --Boyle.
Zoological \Zo`["o]*log"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. zoologique.]
Of or pertaining to zo["o]logy, or the science of animals.
Zoologically \Zo`["o]*log"ic*al*ly\, adv.
In a zo["o]logical manner; according to the principles of
zo["o]logy.
Zoologist \Zo*["o]l"o*gist\, n. [Cf. F. zoologiste.]
One who is well versed in zo["o]logy.
Zoology \Zo*["o]l"o*gy\, n.; pl. {Zo["o]logies}. [Zo["o]- +
-logy: cf. F. zoologie. See {Zodiac}.]
1. That part of biology which relates to the animal kingdom,
including the structure, embryology, evolution,
classification, habits, and distribution of all animals,
both living and extinct.
2. A treatise on this science.
Zoomelanin \Zo`["o]*mel"a*nin\, n. [Zo["o]- + melanin.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
A pigment giving the black color to the feathers of many
birds.
Zoomorphic \Zo`["o]*mor"phic\, a. [Zo["o]- + Gr. ? form.]
Of or pertaining to zo["o]morphism.
Zoomorphism \Zo`["o]*mor"phism\, n.
1. The transformation of men into beasts. [R.] --Smart.
2. The quality of representing or using animal forms; as,
zo["o]morphism in ornament.
3. The representation of God, or of gods, in the form, or
with the attributes, of the lower animals.
To avoid the error of anthropomorphism, we fall into
the vastly greater, and more absurd, error of
zo["o]morphism. --Mivart.
Zoon \Zo"["o]n\, n.; pl. {Zoa}. [NL., fr. Gr. zw^,on an animal.]
(Zo["o]l.)
(a) An animal which is the sole product of a single egg;
-- opposed to {zooid}. --H. Spencer.
(b) Any one of the perfectly developed individuals of a
compound animal.
Zoonic \Zo*["o]n"ic\, a. [Gr. zw^,on an animal: cf. F.
zoonique.]
Of or pertaining to animals; obtained from animal substances.
Zoonite \Zo"["o]*nite\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) One of the segments of the body of an articulate animal.
(b) One of the theoretic transverse divisions of any
segmented animal.
Zoonomy \Zo*["o]n"o*my\, n. [Zo["o]- + Gr. ? a law: cf. F.
zoonomie.]
The laws of animal life, or the science which treats of the
phenomena of animal life, their causes and relations.
Zoonule \Zo"["o]*nule\, n. [Dim. fr. Gr. zw^,on an animal.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Zo["o]nite}.
Zoopathology \Zo`["o]*pa*thol"o*gy\, n. [Zo["o]- + pathology.]
Animal pathology.
Zoophaga \Zo*["o]ph"a*ga\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? animal + ? to
eat.] (Zo["o]l.)
An artificial group comprising various carnivorous and
insectivorous animals.
Zoophagan \Zo*["o]ph"a*gan\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A animal that feeds on animal food.
Zoophagous \Zo*["o]ph"a*gous\, a. [Gr. ?; zw^,on an animal + ?
to eat.]
Feeding on animals.
Note: This is a more general term than either sarcophagous or
carnivorous.
Zoophilist \Zo*["o]ph"i*list\, n. [Zo["o]- + Gr. ? to love.]
A lover of animals. --Southey.
Zoophily \Zo*["o]ph"i*ly\, n.
Love of animals.
Zoophite \Zo"["o]*phite\, n.
A zo["o]phyte. [R.]
Zoophoric \Zo`["o]*phor"ic\, a. [Gr. ?; zw^,on an animal + ? to
bear; cf. F. zoophorique.]
Bearing or supporting the figure of an animal; as, a
zo["o]phoric column.
Zoophorous \Zo*["o]ph"o*rous\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ?. See
{Zo["o]phoric}.] (Anc. Arch.)
The part between the architrave and cornice; the frieze; --
so called from the figures of animals carved upon it.
Zoophyta \Zo*["o]ph"y*ta\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. zw^,on an
animal + fyto`n a plant.] (Zo["o]l.)
An extensive artificial and heterogeneous group of animals,
formerly adopted by many zo["o]logists. It included the
c[oe]lenterates, echinoderms, sponges, Bryozoa, Protozoa,
etc.
Note: Sometimes the name is restricted to the C[oe]lentera,
or to the Anthozoa.
Zoophyte \Zo"["o]*phyte\, n. [F. zoophyte, Gr. ?; zw^,on an
animal + ? plant, akin to ? to be born, to be. See {Zodiac},
and {Be}, v. i.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of numerous species of invertebrate animals which
more or less resemble plants in appearance, or mode of
growth, as the corals, gorgonians, sea anemones,
hydroids, bryozoans, sponges, etc., especially any of
those that form compound colonies having a branched or
treelike form, as many corals and hydroids.
(b) Any one of the Zo["o]phyta.
Zoophytic \Zo`["o]*phyt"ic\, Zoophytical \Zo`["o]*phyt"ic*al\,
a. [Cf. F. zoophytique.] (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to zo["o]phytes.
Zoophytoid \Zo*["o]ph"y*toid\, a. [Zo["o]phyte + -oid.]
(Zo["o]l.)
Pertaining to, or resembling, a zo["o]phyte.
Zoophytological \Zo`["o]*phyt`o*log"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F.
zoophytologique.]
Of or pertaining to zo["o]phytology; as, zo["o]phytological
observations.
Zoophytology \Zo*["o]ph`y*tol"o*gy\ (?; 277), n. [Zo["o]phyte +
-logy: cf. F. zoophytologie.]
The natural history zo["o]phytes.
Zoopraxiscope \Zo`["o]*prax"i*scope\, n. [Zo["o]- + Gr. ? a
doing, an acting (from ? to do) + -scope.]
An instrument similar to, or the same as, the, the
phenakistoscope, by means of which pictures projected upon a
screen are made to exhibit the natural movements of animals,
and the like.
Zoopsychology \Zo`["o]*psy*chol"o*gy\, n. [Zo["o]- +
psychology.]
Animal psychology.
Zoosperm \Zo"["o]*sperm\, n. [Zo["o]- + sperm.] (Biol.)
One of the spermatic particles; spermatozoid.
Zoosporangium \Zo`["o]*spo*ran"gi*um\, n.; pl. {-sporangia}.
[NL. See {Zo["o]-}, and {Sporangium}.] (Bot.)
A spore, or conceptacle containing zo["o]spores.
Zoospore \Zo"["o]*spore\, n. [Zo["o]- + spore.]
1. (Bot.) A spore provided with one or more slender cilia, by
the vibration of which it swims in the water. Zo["o]spores
are produced by many green, and by some olive-brown,
alg[ae]. In certain species they are divided into the
larger macrozo["o]spores and the smaller
microzo["o]spores. Called also {sporozoid}, and
{swarmspore}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) See {Swarmspore}.
Zoosporic \Zo`["o]*spor"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to zo["o]spores; of the nature of
zo["o]spores.
Zootic \Zo*["o]t"ic\, a. [Gr. zw^,on an animal.]
Containing the remains of organized bodies; -- said of rock
or soil.
Zootomical \Zo`["o]*tom"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. zootomique.]
Of or pertaining to zo["o]tomy.
Zootomist \Zo*["o]t"o*mist\, n. [Cf. F. zootomiste.]
One who dissects animals, or is skilled in zo["o]tomy.
Zootomy \Zo*["o]t"o*my\, n. [Zo["o]- + Gr. ? to cut: cf. F.
zootomie.]
The dissection or the anatomy of animals; -- distinguished
from androtomy.
Zootrophic \Zo`["o]*troph"ic\, a. [Gr. ?. See {Zo["o]-}, and
{Trophic}.] (Physiol.)
Of or pertaining to the nourishment of animals.
Zoozoo \Zoo"zoo`\, n. [Of imitative origin.] (Zo["o]l.)
The wood pigeon. [Prov. Eng.]
Zope \Zope\, n. [G.] (Zo["o]l.)
A European fresh-water bream ({Abramis ballerus}).
Zopilote \Zo"pi*lote\, n. [Sp.] (Zo["o]l.)
The urubu, or American black vulture.
Zoril \Zor"il\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Zorilla}.
Zorilla \Zo*ril"la\, n. [Sp. zorilla, zorillo, dim. of zorra,
zorro, a fox: cf. F. zorille.] (Zo["o]l.)
Either one of two species of small African carnivores of the
genus {Ictonyx} allied to the weasels and skunks. [Written
also {zoril}, and {zorille}.]
Note: The best-known species ({Ictonyx zorilla}) has black
shiny fur with white bands and spots. It has anal
glands which produce a very offensive secretion,
similar to that of the skunk. It feeds upon birds and
their eggs and upon small mammals, and is often very
destructive to poultry. It is sometimes tamed by the
natives, and kept to destroy rats and mice. Called also
{mariput}, {Cape polecat}, and {African polecat}. The
name is sometimes erroneously applied to the American
skunk.
Zoroastrian \Zo`ro*as"tri*an\, a.
Of or pertaining to Zoroaster, or his religious system.
Zoroastrian \Zo`ro*as"tri*an\, n.
A follower of Zoroaster; one who accepts Zoroastrianism.
Zoroastrianism \Zo`ro*as"tri*an*ism\, n.
The religious system of Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet
of the ancient Persians, which was the national faith of
Persia; mazdeism. The system presupposes a good spirit
(Ormuzd) and an opposing evil spirit (Ahriman). Cf. {Fire
worship}, under {Fire}, and {Parsee}.
Zoroastrism \Zo`ro*as"trism\, n.
Same as {Zoroastrianism}. --Tylor.
Zoster \Zos"ter\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? girdle, zoster. See {Zone}.]
(Med.)
Shingles.
Zostera \Zos"te*ra\, n. [NL.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of the {Naiadace[ae]}, or Pondweed family.
{Zostera marina} is commonly known as {sea wrack}, and
{eelgrass}.
Zosterops \Zos"ter*ops\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? girdle + ?, ?, the
eye.] (Zo["o]l.)
A genus of birds that comprises the white-eyes. See
{White-eye}.
Zouave \Zouave\ (?; 277), n. [F., fr. Ar. Zouaoua a tribe of
Kabyles living among the Jurjura mountains in Algeria.]
(Mil.)
(a) One of an active and hardy body of soldiers in the French
service, originally Arabs, but now composed of Frenchmen
who wear the Arab dress.
(b) Hence, one of a body of soldiers who adopt the dress and
drill of the Zouaves, as was done by a number of
volunteer regiments in the army of the United States in
the Civil War, 1861-65.
Zounds \Zounds\, interj. [Contracted from God's wounds.]
An exclamation formerly used as an oath, and an expression of
anger or wonder.
Zoutch \Zoutch\ (?; 277), v. t. (Cookery)
To stew, as flounders, eels, etc., with just enough or liquid
to cover them. --Smart.
Zubr \Zubr\ (z[=oo]br), n. [Polish [zdot]ubr.] (Zo["o]l.)
The aurochs.
Zuche \Zuche\ (z[=oo]ch), n.
A stump of a tree. --Cowell.
Zuchetto \Zu*chet"to\, n. [It. zucchetto.] (R. C. Ch.)
A skullcap covering the tonsure, worn under the berretta. The
pope's is white; a cardinal's red; a bishop's purple; a
priest's black.
Zufolo \Zu"fo*lo\ (?; 277), n. [It.] (Mus.)
A little flute or flageolet, especially that which is used to
teach birds. [Written also {zuffolo}.]
Zuisin \Zui"sin\, n. (Zo["o]l.)
The American widgeon. [Local, U. S.]
Zulus \Zu"lus\ (z[=oo]"l[=oo]z), n. pl.; sing. {Zulu} (-l[=oo]).
(Ethnol.)
The most important tribe belonging to the Kaffir race. They
inhabit a region on the southeast coast of Africa, but
formerly occupied a much more extensive country. They are
noted for their warlike disposition, courage, and military
skill.
Zumbooruk \Zum*boo"ruk\, n. [Turk. & Ar. zamb[=u]rak, fr. Ar.
zamb[=u]r a hornet.] (Mil.)
A small cannon supported by a swiveled rest on the back of a
camel, whence it is fired, -- used in the East.
Zumic \Zu"mic\, a., Zumological \Zu`mo*log"ic*al\, a., Zumology
\Zu*mol"o*gy\, n., Zumometer \Zu*mom"e*ter\, n., etc.
See {Zymic}, {Zymological}, etc.
Zunis \Zu"[~n]is\, n. pl.; sing. {Zu[~n]i}. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Pueblo Indians occupying a village in New Mexico,
on the Zu[~n]i River.
Zunyite \Zun"yite\, n. (Min.)
A fluosilicate of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals
at the Zu[~n]i mine in Colorado.
Zwanziger \Zwan"zi*ger\ (tsv[aum]n"ts[-e]*g[~e]r), n. [G.]
An Austrian silver coin equivalent to 20 kreutzers, or about
10 cents.
Zygantrum \Zy*gan"trum\, n.; pl. {Zygantra}. [Gr. ? a yoke + ? a
cave, hole.] (Anat.)
See under {Zygosphene}.
Zygapophysis \Zyg`a*poph"y*sis\, n.; pl. {Zygapophyses}. [Gr. ?
a yoke + E. apophysis.] (Anat.)
One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there
are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under
{Vertebra}. -- {Zyg`ap*o*phys"i*al}, a.
Zygenid \Zyg"e*nid\, n. [Cf. Gr. ?, probably the hammer-headed
shark.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any one of numerous species of moths of the family
{Zyg[ae]nid[ae]}, most of which are bright colored. The wood
nymph and the vine forester are examples. Also used
adjectively.
Zygobranchia \Zyg`o*bran"chi*a\, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? a yoke
+ ? a gill.] (Zo["o]l.)
A division of marine gastropods in which the gills are
developed on both sides of the body and the renal organs are
also paired. The abalone ({Haliotis}) and the keyhole limpet
({Fissurella}) are examples.
Zygobranchiate \Zyg`o*bran"chi*ate\, a. (Zo["o]l.)
Of or pertaining to the Zygobranchia.
Zygodactyl \Zyg`o*dac"tyl\, Zygodactyle \Zyg`o*dac"tyle\, n.
[See {Zygodactylic}.] (Zo["o]l.)
Any zygodactylous bird.
Zygodactylae \Zyg`o*dac"ty*l[ae]\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
The zygodactylous birds. In a restricted sense applied to a
division of birds which includes the barbets, toucans, honey
guides, and other related birds.
Zygodactyli \Zyg`o*dac"ty*li\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo["o]l.)
Same as {Scansores}.
Zygodactylic \Zyg`o*dac"ty*lic\, Zygodactylous
\Zyg`o*dac"tyl*ous\ (?; 277), a. [Gr. ? a yoke, pair + ? finger,
toe: cf. F. zygodactyle.] (Zo["o]l.)
Yoke-footed; having the toes disposed in pairs; -- applied to
birds which have two toes before and two behind, as the
parrot, cuckoo, woodpecker, etc.
Zygoma \Zy*go"ma\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to yoke, ? a yoke.]
(Anat.)
(a) The jugal, malar, or cheek bone.
(b) The zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
(c) The whole zygomatic arch.
Zygomatic \Zyg`o*mat"ic\ (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. zygomatique.]
(Anat.)
Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the zygoma.
{Zygomatic arch}, the arch of bone beneath the orbit, formed
in most mammals by the union of the malar, or jugal, with
the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. In the lower
vertebrates other bones may help to form it, and there may
be two arches on each side of the skull, as in some
reptiles.
{Zygomatic process}, a process of the temporal or squamosal
bone helping to form the zygomatic arch.
Zygomorphic \Zyg`o*mor"phic\, Zygomorphous \Zyg`o*mor"phous\, a.
[Gr. ? a yoke + ? form.] (Biol.)
Symmetrical bilaterally; -- said of organisms, or parts of
organisms, capable of division into two symmetrical halves
only in a single plane.
Zyophyte \Zy"o*phyte\, n. [Gr. ? a yoke + fyto`n a plant.]
(Bot.)
Any plant of a proposed class or grand division
({Zygophytes}, {Zygophyta}, or {Zygospore[ae]}), in which
reproduction consists in the union of two similar cells. Cf.
{O["o]phyte}.
Zygosis \Zy*go"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? balancing, fr. ? yoke.]
(Biol.)
Same as {Conjugation}.
Zygosperm \Zyg"o*sperm\, n. [Gr. ? a yoke + E. sperm.] (Bot.)
A spore formed by the union of the contents of two similar
cells, either of the same or of distinct individual plants.
Zygosperms are found in certain orders of alg[ae] and fungi.
Zygosphene \Zyg"o*sphene\, n. [Gr. ? a yoke + ? a wedge.]
(Anat.)
A median process on the front part of the neural arch of the
vertebr[ae] of most snakes and some lizards, which fits into
a fossa, called the zygantrum, on the back part of the arch
in front.
Zygospore \Zyg"o*spore\, n. [Gr. ? a yoke + E. spore.] (Bot.)
(a) Same as {Zygosperm}.
(b) A spore formed by the union of several zo["o]spores; --
called also {zygozo["o]spore}.
Zylonite \Zy"lon*ite\, n. [Gr. ? wood.]
Celluloid.
Zymase \Zym"ase\, n. [From {Zyme}.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A soluble ferment, or enzyme. See {Enzyme}.
Zyme \Zyme\, n. [Gr. ? leaven.]
1. A ferment.
2. (Med.) The morbific principle of a zymotic disease.
--Quain.
Zymic \Zym"ic\, a. (Old Chem.)
Pertaining to, or produced by, fermentation; -- formerly, by
confusion, used to designate lactic acid.
Zymogen \Zym"o*gen\, n. [Zyme + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A mother substance, or antecedent, of an enzyme or chemical
ferment; -- applied to such substances as, not being
themselves actual ferments, may by internal changes give rise
to a ferment.
The pancreas contains but little ready-made ferment,
though there is present in it a body, zymogen, which
gives birth to the ferment. --Foster.
Zymogene \Zym"o*gene\, n. [Zyme + root of Gr. ? to be born.]
(Biol.)
One of a physiological group of globular bacteria which
produces fermentations of diverse nature; -- distinguished
from pathogene.
Zymogenic \Zym`o*gen"ic\, a. (Biol.)
(a) Pertaining to, or formed by, a zymogene.
(b) Capable of producing a definite zymogen or ferment.
{Zymogenic organism} (Biol.), a micro["o]rganism, such as the
yeast plant of the {Bacterium lactis}, which sets up
certain fermentative processes by which definite chemical
products are formed; -- distinguished from a pathogenic
organism. Cf. {Micrococcus}.
Zymologic \Zy`mo*log"ic\, Zymological \Zy`mo*log"ic*al\, a. [Cf.
F. zymologique.]
Of or pertaining to zymology.
Zymologist \Zy*mol"o*gist\, n.
One who is skilled in zymology, or in the fermentation of
liquors.
Zymology \Zy*mol"o*gy\, n. [Zyme + -logy: cf. F. zymologie.]
A treatise on the fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of
fermentation. [Written also {zumology}.]
Zymome \Zy"mome\, n. [Gr. ? a fermented mixture.] (Old Chem.)
A glutinous substance, insoluble in alcohol, resembling
legumin; -- now called {vegetable fibrin}, {vegetable
albumin}, or {gluten casein}.
Zymometer \Zy*mom"e*ter\, Zymosimeter \Zy`mo*sim"e*ter\, n. [Gr.
? ferment, or ? fermentation + -meter: cf. F.
zymosim[`e]tre.]
An instrument for ascertaining the degree of fermentation
occasioned by the mixture of different liquids, and the
degree of heat which they acquire in fermentation.
Zymophyte \Zym"o*phyte\, n. [Zyme + Gr. fyto`n a plant.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
A bacteroid ferment.
Zymose \Zy*mose"\, n. (Chem.)
Invertin.
Zymosis \Zy*mo"sis\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? fermentation, fr. ?
ferment.] (Med.)
(a) A fermentation; hence, an analogous process by which an
infectious disease is believed to be developed.
(b) A zymotic disease. [R.]
Zymotic \Zy*mot"ic\, a. [Gr. ? causing to ferment, fr. ? to
ferment, ? ferment, leaven.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or caused by, fermentation.
2. (Med.) Designating, or pertaining to, a certain class of
diseases. See {Zymotic disease}, below.
{Zymotic disease} (Med.), any epidemic, endemic, contagious,
or sporadic affection which is produced by some morbific
principle or organism acting on the system like a ferment.
Zythem \Zy"them\, n.
See {Zythum}.
Zythepsary \Zy*thep"sa*ry\, n. [Gr. ? a kind of beer + ? to
boil.]
A brewery. [R.]
Zythum \Zy"thum\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a kind of beer; -- so called
by the Egyptians.]
A kind of ancient malt beverage; a liquor made from malt and
wheat. [Written also {zythem}.]